cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationship between sound localization and individual use of spectral and temporal cues among hearing-impaired listeners

When locating a sound source, listeners are expected to rely more on spectral cues for elevation and temporal cues for azimuth. This work investigates whether sound localization ability can be predicted by individually-measured use of spectral and temporal cues. Participants were older adults with sensorineural hearing loss. Sound sources for the localization task were created in a virtual room, using a mix of virtual and physical loudspeakers in the front hemifield of the listener. Sources were distributed evenly between ±90 deg azimuth and ±20 deg elevation. The signal was a 1 s broadband 4-Hz amplitude-modulated noise. To assess the relationship between localization ability and use of spectral and temporal cues, listeners performed cue weighting and cue discrimination tasks. In the cue weighting task, listeners identified synthetic speech sounds that varied spectro-temporally. The cue discrimination task measured the smallest detectable difference in either spectral or temporal information among the same set of ambiguous speech sounds. Together, these tasks form a cue profile which identifies whether the listener relies to a greater extent on temporal or spectral cues. Older hearing-impaired listeners varied in their ability to localize sounds. Localization results will be discussed in the context of cue profiles and audiometry. [Work supported by NIH.]
Cerebral Blood Flow Declines Independently of Metabolism During Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Although neurologic sequelae are common [1, 2] following nonpulsatile hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the etiology of neurologic dysfunctions in this setting are still unclear because of the difficulty of monitoring cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolism during the operative procedure. We have used the Xe-133 desaturation method to measure CBF in over 200 patients during CPB to define the cerebrovascular response to a variety of physiological conditions, such as changes in pump flow [3], acid-base management [4, 5], hypercarbia [6], anesthetics [7], and to evaluate the effects of age and cerebrovascular disease [8, 9, 10]. Our studies have demonstrated a spontaneous decline in regional CBF (rCBF) during hypothermic CPB that is independent of the cerebral metabolic rate.
Online covering with $$\ell _q$$ ℓ q -norm objectives and applications to network design

We consider fractional online covering problems with $$\ell _q$$ -norm objectives as well as its dual packing problems. The problem of interest is of the form $$\min \{ f(x) \,:\, Ax\ge 1, x\ge 0\}$$ where $$f(x)=\sum _{e} c_e \Vert x(S_e)\Vert _{q_e} $$ is the weighted sum of $$\ell _q$$ -norms and A is a non-negative matrix. The rows of A (i.e. covering constraints) arrive online over time. We provide an online $$O(\log d+\log \rho )$$ -competitive algorithm where $$\rho = \frac{ a_{\max }}{ a_{\min }}$$ and d is the maximum of the row sparsity of A and $$\max |S_e|$$ . This is based on the online primal-dual framework where we use the dual of the above convex program. Our result is nearly tight (even in the linear special case), and it expands the class of convex programs that admit online algorithms. We also provide two applications where such convex programs arise as relaxations of discrete optimization problems, for which our result leads to good online algorithms. In particular, we obtain an improved online algorithm (by two logarithmic factors) for non-uniform buy-at-bulk network design and a poly-logarithmic competitive ratio for throughput maximization under $$\ell _p$$ -norm capacities.
X-band NMOS and CMOS Cross-Coupled DCO’s with a “Folded” Common-Mode Resonator Exhibiting 188.5 dBc/Hz FoM with 29.5% Tuning Range in 16-nm CMOS FinFet

This paper presents two X-band state of the art digitally controlled oscillators (DCO’s), one utilizes CMOS and the other NMOS as cross-coupled pairs. Both designs include a "folded" common-mode resonator in order to enhance performance while minimizing the required area. The implemented DCO’s cover 9 to 12.1 GHz and 9.3 to 12.4 GHz for the NMOS and CMOS designs respectively, achieving a frequency tuning range (FTR) of 29.5%. Measured phase noise referred to 6.1 GHz and at 1 MHz offset is −118.5 and -114 dBc/Hz for NMOS and CMOS respectively. The NMOS design consumes 3.6 mW while the CMOS design consumes 1.1 mW both from a 0.8 V supply, obtained figure of merit (FoM) for both designs is higher than 188.5 dBc/Hz. Both designs are very compact with an area less than 0.054 mm2.
A Two-Cool-Season Wind Profiler–Based Analysis of Westward-Directed Gap Flow through the Columbia River Gorge

AbstractThis observational study of westward-directed gap flows through the Columbia River Gorge uses three radar wind profilers during two winter seasons between October 2015 and April 2017, with ...
Frequency and Duration of Play Participation Among Infants and Toddlers: A Cohort Study

Date Presented 04/05/19 Play affords the opportunity for children to develop cognitive, motor, and social skills. Gaps exist in the literature related to temporal play characteristics in infants and toddlers. The goal of this study was to track the frequency and duration of different play behaviors. The average duration and average frequency increased for play object choice, play purpose, and play construction. An overall decrease in duration and frequency for play type occurred as the infants and toddlers matured (between 8 and 16 months). Primary Author and Speaker: Bryan Gee Additional Authors and Speakers: Amanda Neilsen
Changes in the Sources of Olivine-Tempered Ceramics and Social Interaction Patterns in the Virgin Branch Region

Olivine-tempered ceramics are widely distributed in the Virgin Branch Puebloan region. The sources of olivine are in the highlands near Mt. Trumbull and Tuweep. Thus, the presence of olivine-temper...
Link Performance Comparison based on Insertion Loss: NRZ, PAM3, PAM4, and ENRZ

This work presents a comparative study, analyzing performance of NRZ (Non-Return-to-Zero), PAM4 (Pulse Amplitude Modulation of 4-level), PAM3, and ENRZ (Ensemble NRZ) in terms of sensitivity to channel loss. The advantageous of each signaling scheme based on residual eye opening are being discussed.
Clinical readiness of dual-axis OCT for dermatology

We present a method for large volume imaging of highly scattering tissues using a dual-axis optical coherence tomography system (DA-OCT) at 1.3 μm featuring a dynamic focus-tracking method to create an enhanced depth of focus. Our approach is validated for skin imaging, using an in vivo rat skin model. A quantitative discussion of imaging performance in highly scattering tissue for both DA-OCT and conventional OCT at 1.3 μm is presented.
Personalized Robo-Advising: Enhancing Investment through Client Interactions

Automated investment managers, or robo-advisors, have emerged as an alternative to traditional financial advisors. The viability of robo-advisors crucially depends on their ability to offer personalized financial advice. We introduce a novel framework, in which a robo-advisor interacts with a client to solve an adaptive mean-variance portfolio optimization problem. The risk-return tradeoff adapts to the client's risk profile, which depends on idiosyncratic characteristics, market returns, and economic conditions. We show that the optimal investment strategy includes both myopic and intertemporal hedging terms which reflect the dynamic risk profile of the client. We characterize the optimal portfolio personalization via a tradeoff faced by the robo-advisor between receiving information from the client in a timely manner and mitigating behavioral biases in the communicated risk profile. We argue that the optimal portfolio's Sharpe ratio and return distribution improve if the robo-advisor counters the client's tendency to reduce market exposure during economic contractions when the market risk-return tradeoff is more favorable.
Determining the impact of a clinic coordinator on patient access and clinic efficiency in a pediatric multidisciplinary spina bifida clinic using medical informatics.

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to analyze the effects on patient access by decreasing missed appointments after hiring a clinic coordinator using medical informatics. METHODS A single-center retrospective analysis of the rates of missed appointments before and after hiring a clinic coordinator in a multidisciplinary spinal differences clinic were analyzed using a commercially available business software system (SAP® Business Objects). The total number of clinic visits was collected for each month to determine the access available for patients. RESULTS The median number of missed appointments per clinic by month before employing the clinic coordinator was higher than in the two years following implementation (p < 0.0005). No differences were seen in the number of available appointment slots per month indicating no new clinics were needed to improve patient access (p = 0.551). Projected billing amounts prior to hiring the clinic coordinator indicated that $91,520 was lost in the 2 years prior to hiring this coordinator compared to $30,160 lost during the 2 years following the creation of this position (p = 0.0009). CONCLUSION Hiring a clinic coordinator decreased the rate of missed appointments and was a cost-efficient intervention to improve patient access and provide effective patient care in a multidisciplinary setting.
Thomas Paine and the Literature of Revolution

Although the impact of works such as Common Sense and The Rights of Man has led historians to study Thomas Paine's role in the American Revolution and political scientists to evaluate his contributions to political theory, scholars have tacitly agreed not to treat him as a literary figure. This book not only redresses this omission, but also demonstrates that Paine's literary sensibility is particularly evident in the very texts that confirmed his importance as a theorist. And yet, because of this association with the 'masses', Paine is often dismissed as a mere propagandist. Thomas Paine and the Literature of Revolution recovers Paine as a transatlantic popular intellectual who would translate the major political theories of the eighteenth century into a language that was accessible and appealing to ordinary citizens on both sides of the Atlantic.
Joint sensing task and subband allocation for large-scale spectrum profiling

While most of existing efforts for dynamic spectrum access have focused on spectrum sensing of a narrowband band in a given region, this paper takes a holistic perspective to determine the usage profile of wide spectrum bands over a large geographic region. Specifically, a mobile crowdsensing approach is taken to develop a spectrum-profiling framework, which leverages the wisdom of many mobile devices to accomplish large-scale sensing tasks. A key step for spectrum profiling via mobile crowdsensing is to strategically assign sensing tasks to mobile users, so as to maximize the utility of the sensing data acquired. We cast this problem as a joint sensing task and subband allocation problem for utility maximization, capturing the location-specific characteristics of spectrum sensing. Since the problem is NP-hard, we design approximation algorithms. First, we design a greedy approximation algorithm as a baseline. Our analysis shows that the proposed greedy algorithm achieves an approximation ratio of 1/6, i.e., at least 1/6 of the utility obtained by the optimal allocation. Next, we design a Linear Program (LP) rounding based approximation algorithm, aiming to achieve a better approximation ratio than the greedy algorithm. We show that the propopsed LP-rounding algorithm attains an approximation ratio of 1/2 (1 − 1/e) for the general case, and further it achieves 1 − 1/e for a special case of the problem, which is the best possible approximation ratio. We also present the complexity analysis of the two proposed algorithms. We perform numerical experiments to evaluate the average performance of the the proposed algorithms.
Air pollution and adverse cardiac remodeling: clinical effects and basic mechanisms

Exposure to air pollution has long been known to trigger cardiovascular events, primarily through activation of local and systemic inflammatory pathways that affect the vasculature. Detrimental effects of air pollution exposure on heart failure and cardiac remodeling have also been described in human populations. Recent studies in both human subjects and animal models have provided insights into the basic physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms that play a role in adverse cardiac remodeling. This review will give a brief overview of the relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular disease, describe the clinical effects of air pollution exposure on cardiac remodeling, describe the basic mechanisms that affect remodeling as described in human and animal systems and will discuss future areas of investigation.
An investigation of the RF/analog characteristics of multiple variants SiGe HBTs for optical and wireless applications

Multiple variants of SiGe HBTs, using selected collector implants, suitable for wired and wireless applications were explored. The RF/analog characteristics of HBTs featured with fT/BV/sub CEO/ values of 130 GHz/2.3 V, 80 GHz/3.4 V and 60 GHz/ 4.8 V were characterized. The dependence of bias, temperature, frequency, noise, power, and geometry were investigated to provide designers with appropriate performance-breakdown design coverage and flexibility.
New directions in blood-brain barrier research. Studies with isolated human brain capillaries.

The transfer of circulating substances through the brain capillary wall, i.e., the bloodbrain barrier (BBB), has been traditionally approached from a physiological perspective using a variety of classical in vivo transport techniques in laboratory animals. However, it is desirable to characterize transport physiology at the biochemical level and also to ultimately characterize the biochemistry of the human BBB. This latter goal may now be realized since brain capillaries can be isolated from human brain in high yield and in relatively pure form.' Human brain capillaries are enriched in BBB-specific proteins such as factor VIII antigen,' gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase,' and a 46-K protein*that may be associated with the BBB tight junctions.) In addition, the transport systems mediating the transport of nutrients and peptides at the human BBB may also be analyzed using isolated human brain capillaries. This review will discuss recent studies in the two areas, nutrient and peptide transport, and clinical analogues of these areas will also be discussed. Aspartame, a BBB phenylalanine transport problem: will be discussed in the context of the kinetics of phenylalanine uptake by isolated human brain capillaries. Additionally, Alzheimer's disease, a BBB peptide transport problem,' will be discussed in the context of identification of human BBB peptide receptor transport system using the isolated human brain capillary.
TIME AND SOCIETY: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY

Spoken text of two cultural groups with broadly divergent forms of social organization-Australian Aborigines and Euro-Australians-is analyzed to reveal these two cultures' underlying form of social relations and temporal experience. A lexical-level content analysis of a corpus of 658 life-historical interviews is conducted to measure social-relationship and time-consciousness variables. Results of this analysis shows that members of Aboriginal culture, because of their emphasis on equality and community in their social relations, experience time as at once patterned-cyclical and present-oriented. Euro-Australians. in contrast. Because of their greater emphasis on hierarchical and economic social relations, experience time as linear and episodic~futura1. Moreover, it was found that Aboriginal culture is predominantly hedonic-a unity of conditional equality and communal sharing, with the result that their time-consciousness is Natural, a cognitive structure that is both patterned-cyclical and immersed in the present. Euro-Australian culture, in contrast, is predominantly agonic-a unity of hierarchical and economic social relationships, with a resulting Rational time-consciousness, based on a unity of linearity and futurality.
Rats discriminate between starch and other substances having a similar texture

Studies examined the contribution of textural factors to the ability of rats to sense starch. If rats sense the abrasive effects of starch suspensions, conditioned aversions to starch should generalize to substances having a similar texture. Two substances having a texture similar to that of starch were examined, polymeric dialdehyde (a product derived from starch) and inulin (a polymer of fructose). Rats were trained to avoid dilute suspensions of rice starch, potato starch, polymeric dialdehyde, or dahlia inulin, by injecting them with lithium chloride after they drank the test substance. Generalization tests revealed that rats trained to avoid rice or potato starch subsequently avoided corn starch, whereas rats trained to avoid polymeric dialdehyde or dahlia inulin did not avoid corn starch. Rats trained to avoid polymeric dialdehyde avoided this substance to a greater degree than did rats trained to avoid rice or potato starch. Rats trained to avoid dahlia inulin avoided this substance to a greater degree than did the rats in the other groups, but avoidance of dahlia inulin did not generalize to chicory inulin. Untrained rats showed little or no preference for dilute suspensions of polymeric dialdehyde or inulin, but did prefer starch over vehicle. It is concluded that tactile sensitivity does not play a large role in the perception of dilute starch suspensions.
Chiral Liquid Crystalline Ionomers Containing Sulfonic Acid Groups and Isosorbide

In order to explore the effect of ionic groups on the properties of the liquid-crystalline polymers, a series of new main-chain liquid-crystal ionomers (LCIs) were prepared from sebacoyl chloride (SD), brilliant yellow (BY) and various amount of 4, 4-Dihydroxy-2, 2-dimethyl Benzalazine (DDBA) and isosorbide (ISO). The structures of the polymers were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopies. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the thermal properties of the polymers. The mesogenic properties were investigated by polarized optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction measurements. The results show that the LCIs are chiral smectic C (SC*) and nematic (N) LCIs exhibiting broken focal-conic texture and schlieren texture. The introduction of ionic units in the LCIs led to the clearing point and mesogenic temperature range increasing and the glass-temperature decreasing, but did not affect the mesogenic type and texture, as compared with the corresponding polymer P0.
Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation by rational functions with a single pole inside the unit disk

We devise an efficient algorithm that, given points z 1 , ? , z k in the open unit disk D and a set of complex numbers { f i , 0 , f i , 1 , ? , f i , n i - 1 } assigned to each z i , produces a rational function f with a single (multiple) pole in D , such that f is bounded on the unit circle by a predetermined positive number, and its Taylor expansion at z i has f i , 0 , f i , 1 , ? , f i , n i - 1 as its first n i coefficients.
Computed tomographic analysis of bilateral cingulotomy for intractable mood disturbance and chronic pain

Forty-two patients out of 300 who had undergone bilateral stereotactic cingulotomies were studied by means of computerized tomography (CT). The appearance showed bilateral encephalomalacia, measuring on the average 5 X 7 mm2, located in the cingulate gyrus. These induced lesions had attenuation values similar to cerebrospinal fluid and did not enhance with contrast. CT is a useful technique for initial evaluation, management, and follow up of these patients.
Incorporation of [14C]Glucose into Crystalline Cellulose in Aberrant Fibers of a Cotton Mutant

Ligon lintless-1 is a dominant simply inherited mutant of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) containing markedly short cotton fibers with extensively thickened secondary walls. The incorporation of [ 14 C]glucose into crystalline cellulose in the primary and secondary walls was studied to determine the relation between the extent of crystalline cellulose microfibril formation and the pattern of microfibril deposition to the aberrant growth and developmental pattern in the mutant cotton [...]
Component reliability evaluation in the presence of smart monitoring

Smart sensors and monitoring technologies are beginning to penetrate different levels of the power system. In a smart grid scenario, the operational condition of components needs to be reported to the control center, in order to improve the remedial action for an ailing component. This will significantly reduce the component failure rate and improve reliability of the entire system. This paper proposes a Markov model to quantify the reliability of a component in the presence of smart monitoring. A mathematical formulation based on the absorbing state concept is used to calculate the failure rate of the monitored component. A numerical analysis is performed to evaluate the impact of some parameters on the failure rate of the monitored component.
The σ* absorption peak at the oxygen 1s edge of O2: Exchange splitting, ultrafast dissociation, and atomiclike Auger spectra

The x‐ray absorption spectrum of solid O2 at the O 1s absorption edge is analyzed, using its polarization dependence and the Auger de‐excitation spectra. Rydberg states are quenched in the solid, and the exchange splitting of the 1s ionization threshold (1.1 eV) can be observed. Below the ionization threshold, core electrons can be excited into unoccupied antibonding π* and σ* orbitals. We conclude from the relative intensities and from the polarization dependence, that the exchange splitting of the σ* final state is small (<1 eV). This is confirmed by LDA calculations of core‐excited states. The calculated σ* potential surfaces are repulsive, which explains the large width of this absorption peak. Because of ultrafast dissociation (∼5 fs), core hole decay is likely to occur at large interatomic distances. Auger spectra at the σ* absorption of O2 do indeed show peaks that would be expected for free core‐excited oxygen atoms.
SNARE function revisited.

The notion that SNARE proteins constitute the minimal machinery for intracellular membrane fusion has been accepted by many scientists. An EPR study now brings new structural data on the neuronal SNARE VAMP-2 and emphasizes the importance of rigorous evidence before a hypothesis becomes a dogma.
South Africa's Arms Industry: A New Era of Democratic Accountability?

In April of 1994, South Africa held its first-ever democratic election-a profound step in a promising new direction. Whether that step will in fact lead to full democracy is still in question. Renowned for a legacy of internal, ethnic turmoil born of apartheid, and for years of destabilizing its neighbors in one of the more violent and unstable regions of the world, South Africa's future is a key variable for both regional stability and a more just and stable international order. At present, certain characteristics have emerged from South Africa's ongoing democratic transition that, despite the promise of apartheid's historic dismantlement, are less than reassuring. Political and economic exigencies have made it difficult for South Africa to purge itself fully of the hard-line security structure and extensive military industrial capabilities of the former apartheid regime, although the Mandela government has made promising moves in both areas. Much remains to be done, however, if the "new" South Africa is...
A comparison of zinc sources for citrus on a light sandy soil

Abstract The availability of soil Zn applied from 7 different sources was tested by growing orange seedlings in pots of typical sandy Florida citrus soil with and without liming. The sources were ZnSO4, ZnO, ZnCO3, metallic Zn powder, glass—fritted Zn, ZnS, and Zn Tracin. The latter is a commercial Zn complex from a wood industry byproduct. Zn was mixed in the soil before planting, at the rates of 25, 50, and 100 ppm. The plants were cut back to force rapid new growth 4 times over a 3‐yr period. Leaf Zn was determined. All sources and rates were satisfactory for good growth, and the sources were approximately equal after 3 yr. Differences in sources were more noticeable during the first 9 mo and on the highest rate of Zn. Liming tended to equalize all sources and rates, and the availability of Zn increased with time on the limed soil.
Leptomeningeal gliomatosis with spinal cord or cauda equina compression: a complication of supratentorial gliomas in adults

Seven patients with supratentorial gliomas developed leptomeningeal gliomatosis (LMG) without symptomatic recurrence at the primary tumor site. In all, severe back and radicular pain, often simulating disc disease, preceded the development of spinal cord or cauda equina dysfunction. In 4 instances, intracranial hypertension due to hydrocephalus developed prior to spinal involvement. Cytological examination of the CSF revealed malignant cells in only 2/7 but a myelogram was diagnostic in all 7. All patients received spinal irradiation (RT) and 5 received chemotherapy. Two patients with low-grade gliomas improved transiently; 5 with malignant gliomas responded poorly, became paraplegic over 4 months and eventually died of LMG. When fatal LMG occurs in young adults suffering from supratentorial glioma, the primary tumor is often quiescent. Hydrocephalus is often the first manifestation of LMG and, when it is detected, a myelogram and CSF cytology study should be performed in the hope that diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord lesion at a very early stage will prove beneficial. Irradiation of the entire spinal canal is probably required as there is a high risk of rapid development of new lesions in non irradiated segments of the spinal canal.
Tutorial: Perl, a psychologically efficient reformatting language

Psychologists are often faced with the need to manipulate one or more files, either to modify the format or to extract specific information. Traditionally, these manipulations have been performed using programming languages or statistical software, but such solutions are often expensive, platform dependent, or limited in their ability to handle both numerical and textual data. This tutorial introduces the perl programming language, a free, platform-independent language that excels at pattern matching and text processing but that is also numerically capable. A running example illustrates an application of perl to psychological data.
Pulmonary pressure and volume relationships in the dog. Normal whole and differential lung studies.

Abstract The functional residual capacity (FRC) and inspiratory and expiratory static compliance (CI and CE) were measured in 20 normal dogs in whole, right, and left lungs. The consistency of the determinations was found by serial measurements in three dogs. The static compliance of whole and individual lungs was found to be related to the resting lung volume (FRC) with a high degree of correlation. Lesser correlation was found between body weight and FRC or compliance. The implications of these observations for experiments involving pulmonary interventions are discussed.
Developmental outcome in 49,XXXXY Klinefelter syndrome.

SUMMARY The developmental histories of two males who have 49 XXXXY Klinefelter syndrome are described. Now aged 16 and six, they have been followed since the ages of four and two, respectively. They have many of the typical physical characteristics described in the literature, but their mental retardation is not as severe as has been reported. Both are moderately delayed in their general development and their personalities and learning styles are more similar to XXY Klinefelter individuals. These two case studies demonstrate previously unreported potential in individuals with this disorder, and the authors discuss the implications of this finding. RESUME Denvir developpemental dans le syndrome de Klinefelter 49 XXXXY Les histoires developpementales de deux garcons presentant und syndrome de Klinfelter de type XXXXY sont decrites. Ages maintenant de 16 et six ans, ils ont ete suivis depuis les âges respectifs de quatre et deux ans. Ils presentent nombre des caracteristiques physiques typiques decrites dans la litterature mais leur retard mental n'est pas aussi grave qu'il a ete rapporte. Les deux garcons presentent un retard modere de leur developpement general. Leur personnalite et leur style d'apprentissage sont assez semblables a ceux d'individus presentant un syndrome de Klinefelter de type XXY. Ces deux cas demontrent la possibilite d'un potential en cas de ce syndrome qui n'avait pas ete anterieurement rapporte et les auteurs discutent les implications de cette donnee. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Entwicklungsverlauf beim 49 XXXXY Klinefelter Syndrom: zwei Langzeit-Fall-Studien Die Anamnesen von zwei Jungen mit einem XXXXY Klinefelter Syndrom werden beschrieben. Sie sind jetzt 16 bzw. sechs Jahre alt und wurden bis zum Alter von vier bzw. zwei Jahren kontrolliert. Sie weisen viele der in der Literatur beschriebenen Charakteristika auf, aber ihre geistige Retardierung ist nicht so ausgepragt. Beide sind in ihrer allgemeinen Entwicklung masig verlangsamt und in ihrer Personlichkeit und ihrem Lernverhalten ahneln sie mehr den XXY Klinefelter Patienten. Diese zwei Fall-studien zeigen ein bisher nicht beschriebenes Potential bei Patienten mit dieser Erkrankung und die Autoren diskutieren diese Befunde. RESUMEN Curso evolutivo en el sindrome de Klinefelter 49 XXXXY: estudio longitudinal de dos casos Se describe la historia evolutiva de dos varones con sindrome de Klinefelter 49 XXXXY. Actualmente tienen 16 y seis anos de edad y han sido seguidos desde la edad de cuatro y dos anos respectivamente. Tienen muchas de las caracteristicas fisicas tipicas descritas en la literatura, pero su retraso mental no es tan grave como se habia mencionado. Ambos estan moderadamente retrasados en su desarrollo general y sus personalidades y estilo de aprender son muy semajantes a los de los individuos con XXY Klinefelter. El estudio de estos dos casos demuestra que estos individuos tienen potencialidades no descritas previamente en esta enfermedad. Los autores discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos.
Ergonomic Issues for Classroom Computing

The use of computers in schools and the classroom continues to grow. When schools invest in computers, they pay attention to the network infrastructure, the technology and software, but typically the ergonomic design of student workstations is ignored. The comfort and safety of adult computer users in workplace settings has received a great deal of attention in the past decade. Recent research indicates that the comfort and safety of child computer users may be at risk given the configuration of the majority of the workstations at which computers are used. The paper will review the latest research on ergonomics issues associated with classroom computer use, outline some of the potential risks and discuss the general issue of appropriate ergonomic design of computer workstations for school-aged children.
Model Structures and Electron Density Distributions for the Silica Polymorph Coesite at Pressure: An Assessment of OO Bonded Interactions

The crystal structure and the bond critical point, bcp, properties of the electron density distribution for the high-pressure silica polymorph coesite were generated for pressures up to ∼17 GPa, using first-principles calculations. The nonequivalent SiO bond lengths and the SiOSi and OSiO angles of the generated structures agree with those observed to within ∼1%. With compression, the SiO bond lengths and the variable SiOSi angles of the structures both decrease while the value of the electron density, ρ(rc), the curvatures, and the Laplacian of the electron density distribution at the bond critical points each increases slightly. As found in a recent modeling of the structure of low quartz, the calculated electron density distributions are nearly static and change relatively little with compression. The bcp properties of the model structure agree with those observed at ambient conditions to within ∼10%, on average, with several of the properties observed to correlate with the observed SiO bond lengths, R...
Use of angioplasty balloons in the percutaneous management of biliary calculi: tandem-balloon method.

Interventional radiologic techniques are important in the nonsurgical management of calculous biliary disease. Stones may be removed by using baskets or forceps, they may be crushed and allowed to pass down the common bile duct (with or without dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi), or they may be pushed with balloons through the common bile duct into the duodenum. However, stones located eccentrically in an outpouching of the duct may be inaccessible to these techniques. We have devised a method that uses two angioplasty balloons together to push stones through the duct. This method was successful in four cases in which conventional methods had failed. The following is a description of a representative case.
Proteolysis-independent regulation of the transcription factor Met4 by a single Lys 48-linked ubiquitin chain

Proteolysis-independent regulation of the transcription factor Met4 by a single Lys 48-linked ubiquitin chain
Opioid-paracetamol prescription patterns and liver dysfunction: a retrospective cohort study in a population served by a US health benefits organization.

Background: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF). ALF attributed to paracetamol is most often associated with the following features: an unintentional overdose, a single product, an opioid-paracetamol combination, duration of <7 days, and a median dose of 7.5 g/day. Currently, the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol is 4 g. Objectives: The aims of the study were to determine opioid-paracetamol prescription patterns, including prescriptions exceeding the recommended dose of paracetamol (4 g/day) [prescriptions and beneficiaries]; examine factors associated with receiving opioid-paracetamol prescriptions in excess of paracetamol 4 g/day; and evaluate opioid-paracetamol prescription patterns for beneficiaries with liver dysfunction. Methods: A retrospective cohort study examining prescription data of 4.8 million beneficiaries from a US health benefits organization from 1 January 2009 through 31 December 2009. The main outcomes examined were daily paracetamol dose and liver dysfunction. Results: A large proportion (8.1%) of the 5.3 million prescriptions for opioid-paracetamol exceeded the recommended maximum daily dose of paracetamol (4 g/day), putting over one-quarter of a million (255 123 [18.9%]) of the 1.35 million beneficiaries receiving an opioid-paracetamol prescription at risk of toxicity. The most frequently prescribed products that exceeded paracetamol dose guidelines contained dextropropoxyphene and hydrocodone. Multiple factors, including type of product (i.e. dextropropoxyphene or oxycodone-containing), geographical location (Midwest), strength of the paracetamol in the opioid-paracetamol product (>325 mg) and prescriber specialty (dentist, physician assistant), were associated with high-dose paracetamol prescriptions. Liver dysfunction was diagnosed in 3818 cases, and 23.4% of these beneficiaries received an opioid-paracetamol prescription in the 90 days prior to the liver dysfunction diagnosis. Conclusions: Although most opioid-paracetamol prescriptions are written and dispensed for <4 g/day of paracetamol, a significant portion of beneficiaries are being prescribed and dispensed excessive doses of paracetamol. Efforts to curtail this practice may involve provision of prescriber and pharmacist education, utilization of benefit manager systems to flag excessive dosing or that require confirmation of dosing, and implementation of US FDA recommendations supported by these data.
Interactions of silver halides with metal chelates and chelating agents. II. The effects of Ni(II) and Co(III) complexes

Abstract The critical coagulation concentration (ccc) of Ni2+ for a negatively charged silver bromide hydrosol is decreased by about 1000 times when very small amounts of 2,2′-dipyridyl (dipy) are added to the sol. This is due to complex ion formation between Ni2+ and dipy. The ability of the various Ni(II) chelate species to adsorb at the particle/solution interface depends on the degree to which the metal ion is coordinated to the bidentate amine chelating agent, or, alternatively, on the degree to which the central metal ion is hydrated. The stabilities of negatively charged silver iodide hydrosols were investigated as a function of the concentrations of [Co(dipy)3]3+ and [Co(phen)3]3+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). The results show that these ions are very efficient coagulation and reversal of charge agents. This is attributed to the strong adsorption of the complex ions at the AgI/solution interface, which is verified by electrophoretic, infrared, and radioactive tracer measurements.
Test of MCMI black norms for five scales.

A 2 x 2 x 2 MANOVA was used to analyze the effects of race (Black vs. White), education (high school graduate vs. less than high school education), and diagnosis (schizophrenic vs. nonschizophrenic) on the MCMI Asocial, Avoidant, Schizotypal, Psychotic Thinking, and Psychotic Delusions scales that were obtained from 310 newly admitted psychiatric patients. The scales were selected because, according to the MCMI manual (Millon, 1983), they would be most apt to show differences between the schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients who participated in this study. The special norms for Black and White patients provided in the MCMI manual supplement (Millon, 1984) were used to compute the scale scores for the patients in this study. Race was the only significant (p less than .001) effect. Blacks scored higher than Whites on the Asocial, Avoidant, Psychotic Thinking, and Psychotic Delusions (p less than .04 for all scales). The results are discussed in terms of racial bias diminishing the usefulness of the MCMI.
Production of pathogenesis‐related proteins in the cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)–downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) pathosystem treated with acibenzolar‐S‐methyl

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a member of the benzothiadiazoles (BTH), was tested on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) seedlings for its ability to induce resistance against downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica). Seven-day-old seedlings of the susceptible cultivar Billabong, sprayed with solutions containing 0·015 or 0·075 mg a.i. mL−1 ASM and inoculated 1–8 days later with P. parasitica, were assessed for disease 7 days after inoculation. Sporulation was reduced by 50% at the highest dose of ASM in plants inoculated 1 day later, with complete protection exhibited by plants inoculated 2 days after ASM treatment. Seedlings treated with 0·05 mg a.i. mL−1 ASM solution, inoculated 4 days later and harvested 0–7 days later, were analysed for pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, chitinase and β-1,3 glucanase. ASM significantly induced β-1,3 glucanase activity which increased with time in inoculated seedlings, as confirmed by the presence of PR-2. Chitinase activity was not significantly induced by ASM, and the treated seedlings also did not accumulate the basic PR-3C and the acidic PR-3Q which both exhibit chitinase activity. Analysis of three other acidic (PR-1C, PR-5S, PR-8) and one basic (PR-6) PR proteins in the ASM-treated seedlings showed that only PR-1 and PR-5 were slightly and slowly induced (4–5 days after treatment), but this induction was more pronounced after inoculation with P. parasitica.
Release-Activated Ca2+ Transport in Neurons of Frog Sympathetic Ganglia

Frog sympathetic ganglion neurons exhibit a novel Ca2+ uptake mechanism, release-activated calcium transport or RACT, which is manifest in both cytosolic and store [Ca2+] signals as greatly accelerated Ca2+ uptake after Ca2+ release from internal stores. RACT is activated by Ca2+ release but not by Ca2+ entry and serves to selectively refill Ca2+ stores after release. RACT lowers cytosolic [Ca2+] with a rate constant about 1.6 times that of the SERCA pump with empty ER. RACT is thapsigargin-insensitive, was eliminated by ryanodine, but was not affected by blocking mitochondrial or plasma membrane Ca2+ transport. A Ca2+ flux model with RACT in the ER membrane reproduced the cytosolic and store [Ca2+] responses to all stimuli.
A boundary condition for computational magnetohydrodynamics

Abstract A new “background plasma” method for treating boundaries in Eulerian magnetohydrodynamic computations is presented. Previously unconsidered aspects of plasma confinement by a wall are examined in the formulation of the boundary condition. Innovations include a distinct condition under which a plasma can separate from a wall resulting in an influx of “background plasma,” the use of boundary values which are interpreted to be interface values not included in volume integrations, and a condition under which a plasma returns to the wall resulting in a stoppage of the outflux of “background plasma.” Excellent agreement is obtained between a Lagrangian computation and an Eulerian computation incorporating the new boundary condition.
Assessment and management of polymyalgia rheumatica in older adults

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a periarticular rheumatic condition characterized by pain and stiffness, primarily in the neck, shoulders, hips, and pelvic girdle. Temporal arteritis (TA) or giant cell arteritis, the most common primary vasculitis in older adults, is found in approximately 10% to 30% of people who have PMR. Left untreated, TA can result in sudden, irreversible blindness. Geriatric nurses need to familiarize themselves with these disorders to accurately assess and manage people with them.
Esophageal Dissection Complicating Transesophageal Echocardiogram—The Lesson to Be Learned: Do Not Force the Issue

Transesophageal echocardiogram is a very safe procedure, however, it is not devoid of complications. We report a case of esophageal dissection complicating transesophageal echocardiogram in a 52-year-old man who was treated conservatively. Moreover, we review briefly the complications of transesophageal echocardiogram.
Pulmonary aspiration in mechanically ventilated patients with tracheostomies

The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate feeding aspirations in adult patients receiving long-term mechanical ventilatory support, including the incidence of aspirations, the frequency of silent (clinically inapparent) aspirations, and differences between aspirators and nonaspirators. Aspiration data were determined by review of videofluoroscopic (VF) tapes of modified barium swallow procedures performed on 83 medically stable patients admitted to a chronic ventilator unit. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from review of subjects' medical records. Forty-two subjects (50 percent) aspirated during VF testing and 37 of 48 (77 percent) aspirations were silent. Subjects who aspirated were significantly older than those who did not aspirate (p = 0.007). Swallowing disorders were common, particularly disturbances of the pharyngeal phase. We conclude that feeding aspiration is seen frequently in patients with tracheostomies receiving prolonged positive pressure mechanical ventilation. Advanced age increases the risk of aspiration in this population. Episodes of aspiration are not consistently accompanied by clinical symptoms of distress to alert the bedside observer to their occurrence.
The electrochemical oxidation of alkaline copper cyanide solutions

Abstract A systematic investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of copper cyanide was carried out. At low pH, cyanide destruction is believed to be catalyzed by the heterogeneous reaction involving adsorbed [Cu(CN)3]2− and possibly [Cu(CN)4]3−. At high pH, rapid oxidation of cyanide was observed around 0.75 V versus Hg/HgO with the formation of a black copper oxide film. This enhanced electrocatalytic activity is believed to be related to the formation of an active copper(III) species. The transition point between low and high pH as a function of cyanide and copper concentrations is discussed. Bulk electrolysis of a copper cyanide solution at 0.90 V oxidized most of the cyanide to cyanate. Prolonged electrolysis further oxidized the cyanate to nitrate. The copper oxide film is found to be catalytic, capable of electro-oxidizing hydroxide to oxygen and cyanate to nitrate.
Rival Queens: Actresses, Performance, and the Eighteenth-Century British Theatre

Rival Queens: Actresses, Performance, and the Eighteenth-Century British Theatre FELICITY NUSSBAUM Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010 376 pp., ISBN 978 0 81224 233 1, £36 It is pe...
U.S. Monetary Policy In The 1950s: A Radical Political Economic Approach:

This paper uses archival materials to explain what the U.S. monetary authorities tried to do in the decade after they obtained independence from the Treasury Department in March 1951. The U.S. mone...
Information behaviors of Latinos attending high school in East Los Angeles

Abstract The data on Latino school-aged youth with regard to their information and digital literacies are nascent, while this US population is growing explosively. An exploratory study investigated the information behaviors of Latinos attending high school in East Los Angeles. Information behaviors including library use and research skills were investigated through a series of focus groups and a questionnaire. Results challenge several assumptions regarding access to technology and first-generation Latinos.
Macroturbulent Equilibration in a Thermally Forced Primitive Equation System

A major question for climate studies is to quantify the role of turbulent eddy fluxes in maintaining the observed ocean‐atmosphere state. It has been argued that eddy fluxes keep the midlatitude atmosphere in a state that is marginally critical to baroclinic instability, which provides a powerful constraint on the response of the atmosphere to changes in external forcing. No comparable criterion appears to exist for the ocean. This is particularly surprising for the Southern Ocean, a region whose dynamics are very similar to the midlatitude atmosphere, but observations and numerical models suggest that the currents are supercritical. This paper aims to resolve this apparent contradiction using a combination of theoretical considerations and eddy-resolving numerical simulations. It is shown that both marginally critical and supercritical mean states can be obtained in an idealized diabatically forced (and thus atmosphere-like) Boussinesq system, if the thermal expansion coefficient is varied from large atmosphere-like values to small oceanlike values. The argument is made that the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient dominantly controls the difference in the deformation scale between the two fluids and ultimately renders eddies ineffective in maintaining a marginally critical state in the limit of small thermal expansion coefficients. The responseofthe atmosphere andoceancirculations to changes in the external forcing is a crucial question for studies of climate and climate change. A major difficulty in answering this question is that the response of the mean circulation is strongly affected by changes in the macroturbulence in the two fluids. Heuristic arguments havebeenputforwardtopredicttheturbulentadjustment to changes in the external forcing, both for the atmosphere and the ocean. Surprisingly the arguments put forward for the two fluids are remarkably different, despite the dynamical similarities between the two fluids. The goal of this paper is to revisit the heuristic arguments developed for the atmosphere and explore in which pa