cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracking daily steps: an investigation on a small post-secondary campus

The production of mood-regulating chemicals (e.g. serotonin) may be impacted through prolonged or acute stress events. If a serotonin-deficit exists, depression-related illnesses may result, with such illnesses projected to become the second highest lifetime burden of disease. Critically, physical activity has been found to assist in increasing serotonin levels, positively impacting adult neurogenesis and mood. The purpose of this study was to track daily steps (physical activity) employing a step-counting technology across a small Canadian university. Guided by the research questions: Can tracking daily steps encourage elevated levels of physical activity? and What differences, if any, exist between physical activity levels amongst students and faculty/staff?, such an understanding may add to the current body of knowledge concerning physical activity levels in educational institutions. Over a 9-week period, students (n = 32) took significantly more steps than faculty/staff (n = 16), and significantly more in Week 9 than in Week 2.
An Introduction to Theories of National and Regional Economic Development

This conceptual paper analyses the concept of development that is a process of progressive growth that generates a transition from simple to complex system. In economics, development is a multidimensional process that generates changes in economic, political, social and institutional structures to support an accelerated growth and improvement of nations for achieving and sustaining a comprehensive wellbeing of people in society. Some theories of economic development are briefly discussed, considering national and regional economic systems. Finally, some critical contradictions of the process of economic development in society are discussed to conclude this study.
Sound Opportunities: Factors That Impact Referral for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Evaluation

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To identify barriers to and opportunities for referral among children who could be considered for cochlear implantation. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. METHODS Audiological and medical records were reviewed on all children who had diagnostic or hearing aid care through a statewide healthcare system over 5-year span to identify children who met newly established clinical cochlear implant (CI) referral criteria. Data were collected for 869 potential CI candidates regarding demographic, socio-economic, audiological, medical, and family factors that may influence referral. A binomial logistic regression was completed to investigate the potential contributions of these predictors toward referral for a CI evaluation. RESULTS Children who met traditional candidacy criteria of severe-to-profound bilateral hearing loss were referred at very high rates, while nontraditional candidates were referred less frequently. Factors influencing referral included race, age, insurance source, hearing thresholds, audiologist, physician, and family request. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that bilateral traditional candidates are being referred at high percentages; however, current practices and trends in pediatric cochlear implantation should be shared with families and providers to increase referral rates for nontraditional candidates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2904-E2910, 2021.
Domain General Processes for Interactive Touch

The nexus model of social processing proposes that the right temporal parietal junction (rTPJ) serves as a neural hub for cognitive social functions. We test the hypothesis that the rTPJ is a domain general region including somatosensory social functions. Neuroimaging findings and cross-brain coherence for right- and left-hand handclasps with real vs. simulated hands were consistent with the domain general model.
Leveraging multistakeholder engagement to develop an implementation blueprint for a brief trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy in primary care.

Objective: The implementation of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) to address posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a public health priority. Successful EBT implementation requires effective collaboration between multiple stakeholder groups, including hospital leaders, providers, and patients, to build buy-in for this effort. Method: We describe our implementation science approach to meaningful stakeholder engagement, as part of a hybrid type I effectiveness-implementation trial of Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation for PTSD treatment in primary care (STAIR-PC) at a large safety net hospital. We used primary care and patient community advisory boards (CABs) to interpret key informant interviews and identify strategies to adapt the intervention to ensure fit with the primary care setting. We documented our stakeholder engagement methodology through comprehensive field notes and minutes from CAB meetings, detailing the focus of meetings, suggestions for intervention and delivery adaptations, decision-making processes, and how disagreements about adaptations between stakeholders were resolved. To support replicability, we specify and operationalize implementation strategies to be used across each implementation phase of the trial. Results: Key strategies involved a) ensuring that research questions are relevant to both patients and clinical providers; b) tailoring interventions that are flexible and adaptable to the needs of the local setting; c) continuous engagement of patients and providers throughout the implementation process; and d) building mutual respect, trust, and credibility between the research team, various provider groups, and patients. Conclusions: Our approach to engaging stakeholders informed an implementation blueprint to guide implementation of EBTs for PTSD in safety net hospital primary care clinics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Presidential Address Education and Prejudice: Unraveling the Relationship

(1996). Presidential Address Education and Prejudice: Unraveling the Relationship. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 1-16.
The U.S. Military's Role in Rule of Law Development: From Intervention to Security Assistance

United States military forces have been taken a very high-profile role in the development of both the Iraqi and Afghan legal systems for several years, yet there remains to date no coherent account of why or when U.S. forces should be involved in foreign nations’ legal systems or what doing so entails. The problems presented by having the U.S. military involved in these rule of law programs is distinct from the larger concern over cultural imperialism in international legal development more generally (although those broader concerns certainly apply to this more specific case). Rather, the specific question this chapter addresses regards the implications of having U.S. military forces involved in rule of law development.The Iraqi and Afghan examples – extreme as they are in both scope and scale – are valuable sources of instruction, and so much of my focus is on military involvement as part of military interventions. These examples tend to obscure an aspect of U.S. development policy that is critical to understanding the U.S. military’s role in rule of law development: Much of the U.S. military’s work in foreign legal development occurs not in the context of military interventions but (less controversially) as part of normalized foreign relations with other countries – particularly developing countries – as part of broader “security assistance” relationships. The comparison of theory to reality reveals that how the military can and should engage in rule of law development is necessarily contextual. That recognition goes a long way toward explaining how U.S. rule of law development efforts have actually been conducted during the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts and further suggests the need to develop an institutionalized capacity within the U.S. military to conduct rule of law development, both as part of large-scale interventions and in normalized, small-scale security assistance relationships. Moreover, there is a clear relationship between small-scale rule of law development in the security assistance context and building the ability of the U.S. military to conduct large-scale development efforts in the context of intervention.
Gene expression profiling of isogenic cells with different TP53 gene dosage reveals numerous genes that are affected by TP53 dosage and identifies CSPG2 as a direct target of p53

TP53 does not fully comply with the Knudson model [Knudson, A. G., Jr. (1971) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68, 820–823] in that a reduction of constitutional expression of p53 may be sufficient for tumor predisposition . This finding suggests a gene-dosage effect for p53 function. To determine whether TP53 gene dosage affects the transcriptional regulation of target genes, we performed oligonucleotide-array gene expression analysis by using human cells with wild-type p53 (p53 +/+), or with one (p53 +/−), or both (p53 −/−) TP53 alleles disrupted by homologous recombination. We identified 35 genes whose expression is significantly correlated to the dosage of TP53. These genes are involved in a variety of cellular processes including signal transduction, cell adhesion, and transcription regulation. Several of them are involved in neurogenesis and neural crest migration, developmental processes in which p53 is known to play a role. Motif search analysis revealed that of the genes highly expressed in p53 +/+ and +/− cells, several contain a putative p53 consensus binding site (bs), suggesting that they could be directly regulated by p53. Among those genes, we chose CSPG2 (which encodes versican) for further study because it contains a bona fide p53 bs in its first intron and its expression highly correlates with TP53 dosage. By using in vitro and in vivo assays, we showed CSPG2 to be directly transactivated by p53. In conclusion, we developed a strategy to demonstrate that many genes are affected by TP53 gene dosage for their expression. We report several candidate genes as potential downstream targets of p53 in nonstressed cells. Among them, CSPG2 is validated as being directly transactivated by p53. Our method provides a useful tool to elucidate additional mechanisms by which p53 exerts its functions.
Continuous labor support.

The technical aspects of care have become a focus for nurses since the use of epidurals and fetal monitors has increased and become common practice for labor and birth. Research supports the need to have a continuous support person as part of the birth team. Nurses need to be competent in the technology of childbirth, but physical and emotional support of the laboring woman are also vital aspects of care.
A multiregion integral-equation method for antennas implanted in anatomical human models

To aid the design of power- and spectrum-efficient implanted antennas, efficient computational methods that can account for the presence of nearby inhomogeneous and dispersive human tissues are needed. While layered planar or spherical tissue models are often used to represent the antenna environment, the increasing fidelity and availability of anatomical human models can enable site-specific modeling, more accurate analysis, and better designs. Simulating radiation from antennas near/on/in anatomical human models, however, gives rise to large-scale problems as the latest high-fidelity models are composed of over 100 million voxels (J. W. Massey et al., 34th Annu. Conf. Bioelectromagn. Soc., June 2012). Such large problems can be solved by coupling the surface and volume electric-field integral equations and using a preconditioned, parallel FFT-accelerated iterative solver (F. Wei and A. E. Yilmaz, USNC/URSI Rad. Sci. Meet., July 2013). Unlike traditional finite-difference time-domain based methods, this approach (i) does not require the antenna model to conform to a regular grid to avoid staircasing errors and (ii) accurately models complex antennas by using irregular meshes. Moreover, as is the case for integral-equation methods in general, it requires meshing neither free space (to propagate fields) nor an extended computational domain (to truncate the problem with local boundary conditions that approximate the radiation condition); therefore, for antennas outside the body, this approach does not require the region between the antenna and the body to be meshed. For antennas implanted in voxel-based anatomical human models (by removing tissue voxels at the antenna site from the human model and inserting the antenna mesh), however, the method becomes impractical because it requires the transition region between the antenna and human tissues to be meshed such that the mesh conforms to both the irregular (triangular/tetrahedral) antenna mesh and the voxel tissue mesh.
Intracellular interferon-γ in circulating and marrow T cells detected by flow cytometry and the response to immunosuppressive therapy in patients with aplastic anemia

Immunosuppressive therapy leads to meaningful hematologic improvement in most patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Failure to respond and a later relapse could be due to deficient numbers of hematopoietic stem cells, inadequate treatment of the immune process, or a nonimmunologic etiology. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hematopoietic failure in AA. On the basis of previous findings showing overexpression of IFN-γ in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) in this disease, we hypothesized that quantitation of IFN-γ might be applied to predict and monitor responses to immunosuppressive therapy. We measured expression of IFN-γ in lymphocytes obtained from 123 AA patients, using intracellular 2-color fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Of 70 patients with severe AA, 36 (51%) demonstrated increased IFN-γ in circulating T cells. IFN-γ was detected in only 4 of 53 patients who had recovered from AA. IFN-γ was not found in PB lymphocytes of patients with other hematologic diseases and heavy transfusion burdens or in healthy volunteers. Among 62 AA patients who were assessed before first treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, 27 of 28 (96%) with circulating IFN-γ–containing T cells subsequently responded to therapy; in contrast, only 11 of 34 (32%) patients whose PB lacked IFN-γ lymphocytes improved to transfusion independence. IFN-γ–containing lymphocytes declined following treatment in all cases. Of 17 patients assessed during relapse, IFN-γ was present in T cells prior to the blood count decline in 13, and 12 responded to reinstitution of immunosuppressive drugs. Of 30 BMs tested prior to first treatment, 20, all in responding patients, were positive for IFN-γ, whereas the negative tests were obtained in 10 nonresponding patients. IFN-γ is increased in the PB lymphocytes of many patients with AA, and these cells decline with therapy. The presence of intracellular IFN-γ may predict response to immunosuppressive treatment and also the onset of relapse.
Singular perturbations and large scale power system stability

Stability of large scale power systems using direct methods has been investigated either through reduced order models (e.g. one machine-infinite bus equivalent) or by decomposition. The latter method employs artificial mathematical methods for decomposition. In either method the physical picture gets lost and the analysis has to be repated for every disturbance. In this paper we propose a new approach based on singular perturbation and time scale decomposition. The system Lyapunov function gets split into a "slow" Lyapunov function and a number of "fast" Lyapunov functions each for a slowly coherent area. The weighted sum of these Lyapunov functions gets improved in quality as higher order corrections are taken into account. The decomposition is invariant with respect to the disturbance and thus offers a new approach to stability analysis of large scale power systems.
Effects of deposition and oxidation processes on magnetic and structural properties of iron oxide films

Osmium doped (0.75 at.%) iron oxide films were reactively sputter deposited onto Si substrates in an Ar + O 2 gas environment. The magnetic and structural properties of the as-deposited films depend critically on deposition process parameters such as O 2 flow rate, chamber pressure, substrate temperature, RF power and substrate rotation speed. The deposition process window has been determined for which only the spinel structure was observed. X-ray diffraction indicated films grown at a low O 2 flow rate of 3.0 sccm and a substrate temperature of 230°C had more random orientation and a lattice parameter closer to that of the bulk Fe 3 O 4 value. This condition produced a high saturation moment of 410 emu/cc. Increasing O 2 flow rate induced preferential
A multidisciplinary optimization approach for vibration reduction in helicopter rotor blades

Abstract The paper addresses the integration of blade dynamics, aerodynamics, structures and aeroelasticity in the design of helicopter rotors using a formal optimization technique. The interaction of the disciplines is studied inside a closed-loop optimization process. The goal is to reduce vibratory shear forces at the blade root with constraints imposed on dynamic, structural and aeroelastic design requirements. Both structural and aerodynamic design variables are used. Multiobjective formulation. procedures are needed since more than one design objective is used. A nonlinear programming technique and an approximate analysis procedure are used for optimization. Substantial reductions are obtained in the vibratory root forces and moments while satisfying the remaining design criteria. The results of the optimization procedure using two multiobjective formulation procedures, are compared with a baseline or reference design.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF THE BROWN DWARF GLIESE 229B: THERMOCHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM PREDICTIONS

Thermochemical equilibrium calculations of gas abundances and condensation cloud formation are used to model the atmospheric chemistry of Gliese 229B. The calculations, which are analogous to our prior modeling of atmospheric chemistry of the Jovian planets in our solar system, predict the abundances of gases that are potentially observable by Earth-based and Earth-orbital telescopes. The calculations indicate that refractory elements such as Ca, Al, Ti, V, the lanthanides, Mg, Si, and Fe are removed by condensate cloud formation at temperatures above 1600 K and that gases containing these elements should not be observed. The major H, O, C, N, S, P, Cl, and F gases are predicted to be H2, H2O, CO (temperatures T > 1470 K), CH4 (T 630 K), NH3 (T 1155 K), P4O6 (T < 1155 K), HCl, and HF. By analogy with the Jovian planets in our solar system, we expect that rapid vertical mixing may quench the destruction of species such as CO, N2, HCN, and PH3, leading to abundances greater than thermochemical equilibrium values at low temperatures in the atmosphere of Gliese 229B. In principle, observations of CO, N2, the NH3/CH4 ratio, HCN, and PH3 could constrain such rapid vertical mixing and current models of the atmospheric thermal profile.
High-speed, rate-scalable photonic-assisted digitizer equalization by frequency comb referencing

A scalable analog-to-digital converter based on polychromatic sampling and optical-domain frequency referencing is described. The new architecture relies on low-distortion replication of an optical signal to spectrally distinct copies and subsequent polychromatic parametric sampling. Frequency comb referencing of parametric replication and sampling was used to convert processor distortions into quasi-stationary impairments and enable a practical equalization implementation. The operation of the new digitizer was demonstrated at 30 GS/s, achieving 6.5 effective number of bits in the first Nyquist zone. In contrast to conventional analog-to-digital converters, the new preprocessor sampling bandwidth is not restricted to the first Nyquist zone, and can operate in the second and third Nyquist zones beyond 40 GHz.
Can Wicked Problems Be Tackled through Abductive Inferencing

There is general agreement that the Rational Planning Model (RPM) used widely in the context of urban systems planning has problems coping with recalcitrant or “wicked” problems. This paper explores the use of pragmatic reasoning and abductive inferencing for improving this situation. First, the congruence of planning theory, pragmatic philosophy, and organizational learning theory is investigated, then a basic framework incorporating abductive inferencing in the RPM is demonstrated, with the objective of improving the current planning process. A case study drawn from transportation systems planning demonstrates the use of abductive inferencing. This introductory inquiry indicates that a learning process to supplement the RPM through the use of abductive inferencing advances the model's capability for coping with “wicked” problems.
Immunological alteration of the Bloom's syndrome uracil DNA glycosylase in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cells.

Abstract The immunological reactivity of the uracil DNA glycosylase was investigated in three Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cell lines. Two were derived from normal human lymphocytes while the third was derived from a Bloom's syndrome patient. A panel of 3 anti-human placental uracil DNA glycosylase monoclonal antibodies (37.04.12, 40.10.09 and 42.08.07) was used. Immunological reactivity was determined in a double-blind enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); by inhibition of enzyme activity; and by immunoblot analysis. In the ELISA, the glycosylase from each lymphoblastoid cell line was recognized by glycosylase antibodies 37.04.12 and 42.18.07. In contrast, antibody 40.10.09 failed to recognize the glycosylase from the Bloom's syndrome cell line. Further analysis demonstrated that the 40.10.09 antibody was unable to inhibit catalysis by the Bloom's syndrome lymphoblast glycosylase. In contrast, the 40.10.09 antibody inhibited the activity of the two normal human lymphoblast enzymes. Denaturation of the Bloom's syndrome lymphoblast glycosylase rendered that protein immunoreactive with the 40.10.09 antibody. These results demonstrated that: (1) the immunological alteration in the Bloom's syndrome uracil DNA glycosylase was detected in hematopoietic cells; and (2) viral transformation did not affect the immunoreactivity of the enzyme from either normal human or Bloom's syndrome cells.
Analysis of Multiple Myeloma Life Expectancy Using Copula

Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that develops in the bone marrow. It is assumed that in most cases multiple myeloma develops in association with several medical factors acting together, although the leading cause of the disease has not yet been identified. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the factors to measure multiple myeloma patients' survival time. For this, we employ a copula that provides a convenient way to construct statistical models for multivariate dependence. Through an approach via copulas, we find the most influential medical factors that affect the survival time. Some goodness-of-fit tests are also performed to check the adequacy of the copula chosen for the best combination of the survival time and the medical factors. Using the Monte Carlo simulation technique with the copula, we re-sample survival times from which the anticipated life span of a patient with the disease is calculated.
Replies to Marian David, Anil Gupta, and Keith Simmons

I thank the commentators for their extremely rich and stimulating discussions of Thought and World} Their commentaries show that a number of TWs claims are in need of clarification and defense, and that some of its arguments contain substantial lacunae. I am very pleased to have these flaws called to my attention, and to have an opportunity to try to correct them. Also, I am grateful for the commentators' endorsements. As is perhaps inevitable in a symposium of this kind, the commentaries contain more questions and objections than expressions of agreement; but even so, each of the commentators conveys the impression that he found TW to be worth reading. It is an honor to receive endorsements, even qualified endorsements, from such a distinguished company. All three of the commentators state objections to specific features of the technical apparatus that I deploy in TW the theory of propositions, propositional variables, substitutional quantification, and substitutional inference. In addition, they express doubts as to whether this technical apparatus can be mapped in any simple, natural way onto the logical apparatus that is implicit in our commonsense conceptual scheme. I will respond to these worries in Part I of the present remarks. I will also respond there to several nontechnical objections that the commentators present. These objections are all concerned with features of the deflationary account of truth that is developed in TW.
An ultraviolet photographic technique for monitoring plaque during direct bonding procedures.

Abstract An ultraviolet-light dental camera was used to disclose plaque in relation to directly bonded plastic orthodontic brackets. No disclosing solution was used. The re-establishment of plaque patterns 14 days after a prophylaxis and in the presence of the brackets was noted. A further cleaning after debonding removed the plaque, which returned to the base line pattern within 14 days. Small resin remnants left during debonding did not form foci for plaque growth and spread over a 6-month observation period.
Metabolism of 3H-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cultured human keratinocytes.

In the present investigation we studied the metabolism of 1α,25-dihydroxy-[1β-3H] vitamin D3 (3H-1,25(OH)2D3) in culture-grown human keratinocytes (CHK). Our results showed that the cellular uptake of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3, upon incubation with CHK, occurred very rapidly; and it paralleled a decrease in the concentration of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 in the medium. The amount of 3H-calcitroic acid, on the other hand, increased slowly in the medium, while the concentration of 3H-calcitroic acid in the cell remained undetectable during the whole period of incubation. When the cells were preincubated with 1,25(OH)2D3 (10−8M), conversion of 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 to 3H-calcitroic acid increased almost twofold, indicating that 1,25(OH)2D3 catalyzed its own catabolism. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Some Patterns in the Transfer of Technology within Multinational Corporations

This article reports on an exploratory field study on manufacturing technology transfers within MNCs. A research design was developed that differentiates among MNCs according to their maturity with respect to International involvement. Trends in technology transfers were analyzed using number of countries with manufacturing subsidiaries and years of involvement in international business as predictor variables. We analyzed total technology exports and imports, new technologies transferred, and the level at which these transfers took place.
Preparation and characterization of a neutrally charged antifouling nanofiltration membrane by coating a layer of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) on a positively charged nanofiltration membrane

Abstract In this study, a nearly neutrally charged NF membrane was developed by adsorption of a layer of negatively charged sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) onto the surface of a positively charged NF membrane. It was found that surface charge had a significant influence on multivalent ion rejection and fouling resistance. The neutrally charged membrane could remove multivalent ions (both cations and anions) more efficiently (>95%) than monovalent ions (80%) due to the size effect; a rejection sequence of CaCl2 ≈ MgSO4 ≈ Na2SO4 > NaCl was observed. When using bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid and sodium alginate as the model foulants, the neutrally charged membrane exhibited much better fouling resistance than both the positively and the negatively charged membranes. This result suggests that the foulants would less likely deposit onto a neutral membrane due to the elimination of the charge interaction between the membrane and the foulants. In addition, the neutrally charged NF membrane showed better resistance to activated sludge than the commercial NTR-7450 membrane, which suggests this membrane may be applied in an MBR process.
Predictors of outcome in patients who underwent cataract surgery.

Purpose: To identify preoperative patient characteristics associated with a lack of improvement on one or more measures 4 months after cataract surgery. Methods: The authors collected preoperative and 4-month postoperative information on 552 patients undergoing first-eye cataract surgery from the practices of 72 ophthalmologists in three cities. The principal outcomes assessed were (1) Snellen visual acuity, (2) a cataract-related symptom score (possible range: 0, 0 of 6 symptoms present or bothersome, to 18, all 6 symptoms very bothersome), and (3) a measure of functional impairment in patients with cataract—the VF-14 score (possible range: 0, inability to perform any of the applicable activities, to 100, no difficulty performing any of the applicable activities). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between preoperative patient characteristics and failure to improve on one or more outcome measures. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the adjusted rate of lack of improvement in one or more outcome measures for one group of patients compared with another. Results: Although 91 patients (16.5%)failed to improve on one or more of the outcome measures assessed, only 2 (0.4%)failed to improve on all three measures. The 91 patients who did not improve on at least one measure were approximately one sixth as likely to be satisfied with their vision postoperatively as the 461 patients who improved on all three outcome measures. Preoperative age of 75 years of age or older, VF-14 score of 90 or higher, cataract symptom score of 3 or lower, and ocular comorbidity (glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, or age-related macular degeneration) were associated independently with increased likelihood of not improving on one or more measure (odds ratio: 3.57, 2.10, 3.29, and 2.16, respectively). The mean adjusted rate of failure to improve on at least one of the outcome measures ranged from 20.5% to 26.5% for patients with these preoperative characteristics compared with 8.8% to 13.8% for those patients without them. The preoperative level of Snellen visual acuity was not associated with the likelihood of not improving on one or more of the outcomes assessed. Conclusions: The authors conclude that specific preoperative characteristics (age, comorbidity, cataract symptom score, and VF-14 score) are independent predictors of patient outcome after cataract surgery.
Modulation of serotonin-controlled behaviors by Go in Caenorhabditis elegans

Seven transmembrane receptors and their associated heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) have been proposed to play a key role in modulating the activities of neurons and muscles. The physiological function of the Caenorhabditis elegans G protein Go has been genetically characterized. Mutations in the goa-1 gene, which encodes an alpha subunit of Go (G alpha o), cause behavioral defects similar to those observed in mutants that lack the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT), and goa-1 mutants are partially resistant to exogenous 5-HT. Mutant animals that lack G alpha o and transgenic animals that overexpress G alpha o [goa-1(xs) animals] have reciprocal defects in locomotion, feeding, and egg laying behaviors. In normal animals, all of these behaviors are regulated by 5-HT. These results demonstrate that the level of Go activity is a critical determinant of several C. elegans behaviors and suggest that Go mediates many of the behavioral effects of 5-HT.
Elementary fuzzy calculus

Abstract In [2] Dubois and Prade introduced the notion of fuzzy numbers and defined the basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. A slightly modified definition of fuzzy numbers was presented in [4], and in that paper a metric was defined for this family of fuzzy sets. Another less restrictive definition of fuzzy numbers can be found in [1]. In the present paper we consider fuzzy numbers from a somewhat different perspective. Basically, we shall view fuzzy numbers in a topological vector space setting. Using the customary vector space operations together with the metric given in [4] we will define differentiation and integration of fuzzy-valued functions in ways that parallel closely the corresponding definitions for real differentiation and integration.
Transverse header heat pipe

A novel variable-conductance heat-pipe approach has been developed that delivers high-capacity loads, while eliminating the problem of artery gas blockage present in conventional designs. The unit, known as a transverse header, uses ammonia as the working fluid and nitrogen as the control gas. Its overall cylindrical shape is 5.1 cm in diameter by 0.61 m long. Under test with a fluid heat source, the maximum load achieved as a VCHP was 3,600W. As with conventional gas-loaded pipes, good temperature control was also obtained. An application of this device as a VCHP header for a heat-pipe radiator is described.-
Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in diagnosis and management of congenital choledochal cysts: 28 pediatric cases

Abstract Background/purpose Management of choledochal cysts consists of surgical excision and hepaticojejunal anastomosis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be used to resolve complications and to evaluate the biliary tract and pancreatobiliary duct junction. Our aim was to underline the importance of ERCP for optimal management. Methods From 2005 to 2011, 28 patients were reviewed (21 female, 7 male; mean age, 5.71 years; range, 2-16 years). After imaging, all patients underwent elective ERCP and were referred for surgery. Results Choledochal cyst was diagnosed at ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in all examined patients; common biliopancreatic duct was diagnosed in 3 (20%) of 15 patients at magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and in none at ultrasound. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed choledochal cyst in all patients and common biliopancreatic duct in 19 (68%) of 28 patients. Twelve patients underwent sphincterotomy. All patients underwent surgical extrahepatic biliary tree resection and hepaticojejunal anastomosis. Mean period of hospitalization was 9.5 days (range, 6-13 days). No major complications related to ERCP were observed. Two patients needed postoperative ERCP for complications (pancreatitis during follow-up). Conclusions In our pediatric experience, ERCP is feasible and safe. It can rule out other possible biliary tract anomalies and help plan the timing and choice of the appropriate surgical procedure.
New concept used in satellite subsea well systems

Satellite subsea wells usually are subjected to high operational and installation costs. Re-entry into a well for servicing can cost as much as drilling a well from a platform. The economics of laying and connecting a multitude of lines to a deepwater satellite well may preclude field development using such systems. New concepts, successfully used to connect multiple lines, may enhance the use of satellite subsea wells for early production and reservoir performance evaluation. 1 ref.
Double bootstrap for shrinkage estimators

Computer-intensive bootstrap methods are potentially problematic when applied to biased estimators similar to ridge regression, because biased estimators may lack a pivot. We propose a modification for Efron's bias corrected percentiles and suggest an approximate pivoting transformation for ridge regression. We indicate practical aspects of Beran's double bootstrap designed specifically for situations where there is nonnormality and a lack of a pivot. Econometric applications to estimating consumption functions, a simulation with multicollinear data and new graphical tools are included.
Application of RTA to a 0.8-μm BiCMOS process

RTA has been established as a key process element in a sub-micron BiCMOS flow. The major advantage of RTA is that a temperature pulse > 1000 degree(s)C can be used to break-up the interfacial oxide in the polysilicon emitter contact to provide enhanced current gain with low-emitter resistance but with little impact on the CMOS. The RTA emitter anneal also serves to simultaneously flow BPSG to planarize the wafer prior to metallization. Contact reflow is also advantageous for a tapered structure to improve metal step-coverage.
Fundamental Concepts and an Innovating Approach for Extended Surface Heat Transfer

In this work we re-examine the main fin equation qf = ηf Af ΔT, proposed by Gardner [1] that has been used for the last sixty years to determine the performance of fins. The fundamental concepts of extended surface heat transfer are introduced, and their mathematical expressions are derived. The vital role of fin effectiveness, a term also introduced by Gardner [1] is established. It is shown that the effectiveness is inextricably linked in proving the validity of the simplifying assumptions that most of the fins’ endeavors are based on. It is also shown that the common practice of using the efficiency to predict the fin’s performance leads to serious errors. A novel approach to fin analysis, based on a proposed transformation of coordinates, is presented, which can be employed to considerably simplify the pertinent differential equations and obtain more friendly expressions describing the fin’s performance. The heat dissipation is expressed in a non-dimensional form and for several practical cases polynomial expressions have developed, that will help students to engage in rudimentary fin designs. It is also shown that, the one-dimensional approach can be used to obtain solutions involving extended surfaces made from anisotropic material. Three examples serve to illustrate the usefulness of our method.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Executive Orders for the Faith-Based and Community Initiatives

Abstract Debate surrounding the Faith-Based and Community Initiatives draws both fire and praise as the Bush Administration continues to promote the federal funding of partnerships among state and local government and faith-based service providers. President Bush has endorsed religious groups as valuable partners in delivering services that address social problems through a series of Executive Orders. The intent of this article is to further our understanding of the history related to these executive decisions, the different conceptualizations for defining and classifying faith-based organizations, the issues surrounding faith-based organizations, and the legislative effort to make the faith-based initiative a permanent statutory feature.
The role of changing childhood diets in the prehistoric evolution of food production: An isotopic assessment.

Earlier weaning has often been suggested as a cause for population growth after the evolution of food production. However, evidence for weaning-time reduction is largely circumstantial. Collagen stable nitrogen- and carbon-isotope ratios from juvenile and adult burials from four sites in eastern North America were measured to estimate weaning onsets and durations before and after the appearance of intensive food production. Two preagricultural Late Archaic sites (Indian Knoll and Carlston Annis) are compared with two highly agricultural Middle Mississippian sites (Angel and Tinsley Hill). Isotopic data and paleodemographic measures of birth rates provide no evidence for changes in weaning behavior or fertility with the development of food production in the prehistoric Lower Ohio Valley. Birth rates and weaning behavior appear to have been roughly the same at all four sites. These results indicate that models attributing population growth after the appearance of food production to earlier weaning are not universally applicable. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Survival of the Fittest? Darwinian Adaptation and the Transmission of Information

These people [the Maori] have carried their history in theirmemories for the last thirty generations, and what shouldsurprise us historical most is the continuity and thewonderful richness of the material they can supply.My word is pure and free of all untruth; it is the wordof my father; it is the word of my father's [father],I will give you my father's words just as I received them;royal griots do not know what lying is.So, why are my lords laughing? My lords think it isn't true?By the love of God, that's how it was!My father heard the story from his grandfather,who heard it from his grandfather …But the scribe who wrote Hamman's tablet made a mistake.He wrote “Aparha” on a tablet and, without getting heard,encased it in a clay envelope.”In 1652 Henry Holden expressed a precocious notion of the printed text:In fine therefore it is evident, that the Books of the Holy Scripture, especially of the New Testament … having been written, as it were, accidentally upon several occasions … a thousand and thousand times copied out by unlearned as well as learned Clerks (what a number of faults must there not needs be in these pies) printed over and over, God knowes how many times, and in how many places (how different these Editions must be with various Lections, let any man imagine?) translated I know not Into how many tongues by particular and private men (with what security of a faithful expression of the true sense, who dare say?)…
A STRAIN OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE SEVEN YEARS OLD

1. A strain of connective tissue is still very active after more than 7 years of life in vitro. 2. The rate of growth of the fragments of tissue can be measured accurately and used for testing the action of many different factors on the growth of connective tissue cells. 3. The rate of growth of the strain is at least as rapid as it was 5 years ago, and may be more active. 4. The connective tissue cells appear to have the power of multiplying indefinitely in a culture medium, as do microorganisms.
Hartree calculation of local magnetic fields in an anyon superconductor

We use a modified Hartree approximation to calculate the charge and current distributions induced by the presence of a positive point charge above a plane of positively charged superconducting anyons, at zero temperature. The anyons are taken to have semion statistics, and are treated within a simple two-species effective-mass model. We also consider a geometry where the point charge is partially screened by a second, metallic, plane that does not contain anyons. Applying the results of muon-spin-relaxation experiments in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$, we find that, if the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes have charge carriers obeying semion statistics, then the magnetic field at the muon site should be in the range 0--25 G, with the actual value depending on the muon location in the crystal.
Periprocedural Doppler coronary blood flow predictors of myocardial perfusion abnormalities and cardiac events after successful coronary interventions.

Abstract Thirty-four consecutive patients had coronary flow velocity assessed under basal and hyperemic conditions in the proximal and distal coronary artery, followed by rest-stress technetium 99m sestamibi myocardial tomography within 3 months of successful coronary angioplasty. In spite of significant angiographic improvement, 29% of patients had a persistent reversible myocardial perfusion defect associated with a residual abnormality of the proximal-to-distal coronary average peak velocity ratio (pd APV=2.2 ± 1.5 vs 1.1 ± 0.6; p = 0.02). Patients with an abnormal pd APV ratio (>1.7) had more numerous angioplasty-zone perfusion defects (4.2 ± 3.3 vs 0.8 ± 2.0; p = 0.005). Multivariable analysis of clinical, angiographic, coronary flow, and scintigraphic data demonstrated that the relative risk of cardiac events ( n = 11) was greatest in patients with a reversible angioplasty-zone perfusion defect (relative risk, 5.5), post-stenotic coronary flow reserve 1.7 (relative risk, 6.2). Residual basal coronary flow-velocity abnormalities are significant physiologic correlates of stress-induced myocardial perfusion defects and are a prognostic covariable associated with future ischemic cardiac events.
Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status

(1973). Laboratory Tests for the Assessment of Nutritional Status. CRC Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 215-340.
Adaptive space–time finite element methods for the wave equation on unbounded domains

Abstract Comprehensive adaptive procedures with efficient solution algorithms for the time-discontinuous Galerkin space–time finite element method (DGFEM) including high-order accurate nonreflecting boundary conditions (NRBC) for unbounded wave problems are developed. Sparse multi-level iterative schemes based on the Gauss–Seidel method are developed to solve the resulting fully-discrete system equations for the interior hyperbolic equations coupled with the first-order temporal equations associated with auxiliary functions in the NRBC. Due to the local nature of wave propagation, the iterative strategy requires only a few iterations per time step to resolve the solution to high accuracy. Further cost savings are obtained by diagonalizing the mass and boundary damping matrices. In this case the algebraic structure decouples the diagonal block matrices giving rise to an explicit multi-corrector method. An h-adaptive space–time strategy is employed based on the Zienkiewicz–Zhu spatial error estimate using the superconvergent patch recovery (SPR) technique, together with a temporal error estimate arising from the discontinuous jump between time steps of both the interior field solutions and auxiliary boundary functions. For accurate data transfer between meshes, a new enhanced interpolation (EI) method is developed and compared to standard interpolation and projection. Numerical studies of transient radiation and scattering demonstrate the accuracy, reliability and efficiency gained from the adaptive strategy.
On Projective Modules in Category \mathcal{O}_{int} of Quantum \mathfrak{sl}_{2}

The restriction of a Verma module of \({\bf U}(\mathfrak{sl}_3)\) to \({\bf U}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\) is isomorphic to a Verma module tensoring with all the finite dimensional simple modules of \({\bf U}(\mathfrak{sl}_2)\). The canonical basis of the Verma module is compatible with such a decomposition. An explicit decomposition of the tensor product of the Verma module of highest weight 0 with a finite dimensional simple module into indecomposable projective modules in the category \(\mathcal O_{\rm{int}}\) of quantum \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\) is given.
Differential Responsiveness of Two Electrodermal Indices to Psychological Stress and Performance of a Complex Cognitive Task

Sixteen high trait anxious and 16 low trait anxious male Ss were assigned to a high stress (HS) or a low stress (LS) condition and were given differentially stressful instructions. All Ss were then required to perform a complex cognitive task, the Halstead Category Test. Adjusted indices of tonic and phasic exosomatic electrodermal activity were monitored throughout the experiment. Level of tonic skin conductance (SC) was only minimally responsive to the manipulation of psychological stress but increased greatly during cognitive and perceptual activity. Phasic activity increased significantly following psychological stress but not following cognitive and perceptual activity. It was concluded that these results support a multiple component theory of electrodermal activity. Phasic electrodermal activity appears to increase with psychological as well as physical threat and was suggested to be a good index of autonomic emotional arousal. Tonic SC appears to change mainly as a function of cognitive activity.