cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PGC-1 upregulation via estrogen receptors: a common mechanism of salutary effects of estrogen and flutamide on heart function after trauma-hemorrhage.

Flutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, is thought to improve cardiovascular function by blocking the androgen receptor after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Although 17β-estradiol (E2) and flutamide ...
Symmetric Operators and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces

We establish the following sufficient operator-theoretic condition for a subspace $${S \subset L^2 (\mathbb{R}, d\nu)}$$ to be a reproducing kernel Hilbert space with the Kramer sampling property. If the compression of the unitary group U(t) := e itM generated by the self-adjoint operator M, of multiplication by the independent variable, to S is a semigroup for t ≥ 0, if M has a densely defined, symmetric, simple and regular restriction to S, with deficiency indices (1, 1), and if ν belongs to a suitable large class of Borel measures, then S must be a reproducing kernel Hilbert space with the Kramer sampling property. Furthermore, there is an isometry which acts as multiplication by a measurable function which takes S onto a reproducing kernel Hilbert space of functions which are analytic in a region containing $${\mathbb{R}}$$ , and are meromorphic in $${\mathbb{C}}$$ . In the process of establishing this result, several new results on the spectra and spectral representations of symmetric operators are proven. It is further observed that there is a large class of de Branges functions E, for which the de Branges spaces $${\mathcal{H}(E) \subset L^{2}(\mathbb{R}, |E(x)|^{-2}dx)}$$ are examples of subspaces satisfying the conditions of this result.
Consultant and Critics on the Couch

The process of situating the “client on the couch” also entails the seating of “consultant and critics on the couch” as they participate in a self-reflective and dialectical process. The author arg...
Domestic Violence Continuum, Forensic Assessment and Crisis Intervention:

Domestic violence continues to be one of the most pervasive, traumatic, life-threatening, and harmful family problems in society today. A new 5-level classificatory schema or continuum of the duration and severity of woman battering is proposed for assessment and intervention. The continuum is based on 501 in-depth interviews with battered women in emergency shelters, police departments, and a large state women's prison. The underlying goal of identifying different types of battering relationships is to provide social workers and forensic specialists with psychosocial indicators that can be used as a basis for early case-finding, crisis intervention, and preventive intervention. Crisis intervention protocols and other intervention strategies are needed with abused women throughout North America.
Self-Sabotage and Durable-Goods Monopoly

AbstractWe analyze a simple two-period linear demand durable-goods monopoly model with “self-sabotage.” The firm has the ability to sabotage its own production by increasing its future (period two) manufacturing costs. We find that an uncommitted monopoly seller has an incentive to engage in such self-sabotage, while a committed seller or renter has no such incentive. Unlike the previous papers on self-sabotage, we show this occurs even though the firm faces no rivals in the output market. In our durable-goods setting, the incentive for self-sabotage arises from the seller’s commitment problem with period-one buyers (the so-called Coase conjecture). Interestingly, we also find that this sort of self-sabotage can not only be profit enhancing for the uncommitted firm, but may also increase social welfare (in contrast to the earlier models on self-sabotage.)
Influence of Caregivers' Health Beliefs and Experiences on Their Use of Environmental Control Practices in Homes of Pre-School Children with Asthma

Current guidelines recommend environmental control practices (ECPs) as part of asthma management. We investigated the relationship of caregiver health beliefs and asthma experiences to ECP use in homes of children with asthma. Caregivers of children with asthma (ages 2 to 6 years) completed a survey about indoor environmental exposures, ECPs, physician ECP recommendations, caregiver health beliefs and experiences (outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, emotional bother) regarding ECPs, child's respiratory symptoms, and medication use. Allergic sensitization was determined by skin prick testing. Children (n = 150) were 58% male, 91% African American, 42% from households with annual income <$25,000, and 63% had persistent asthma symptoms. Caregivers who had higher outcome expectancy were more likely to report use of ECP than those with lower outcome expectancy (smoking avoidance (70 vs. 33%), roach control (61 vs. 44%), pet avoidance (42 vs. 24%), allergen-proof mattress/pillow encasings (6 vs. 0%), carpet remo...
Behavioral and biochemical actions of p-chlorophenylethylamine (p-CPEA) in mice.

Abstract p-chlorophenylethylamine (p-CPEA), a metabolite of p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) induces the “serotonin syndrome” which consists of lateral head weaving, Straub tail, hindlimb abduction, tremor, hyperactivity, reciprocal fore-paw treading, salivation and piloerection. These p-CPEA-induced behavioral signs were partially prevented by pretreatment with serotonin (5-HT) uptake blockers (fluoxetine, chlorimipramine, Org 6582) and 5-HT receptor blockers (methiothepin, methysergide, cinnanserin) but not by two depletors of brain 5-HT (p-CPA, reserpine). p-CPEA (50 mg/kg) produces an initial decrease in 5-HT associated with a concurrent increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid with a maximum change at 30 minutes after injection; these early biochemical changes are prevented by pretreatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg). p-CPEA also competes with ( 3 H)-5-HT for 5-HT receptors. The reported paradoxical effects of p-CPA on several behavioral paradigms could be due to its decarboxylation to p-CPEA which may both stimulate 5-HT receptors and enhance 5-HT release.
Endothelin-like immunoreactivity in lactotrophs, gonadotrophs, and somatotrophs of rat anterior pituitary gland are affected differentially by ovarian steroid hormones

It has been previously found that all hormone-producing phenotypes of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland are capable of producing endothelin (ET)-like substances. The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of ET-1-like peptides in lactotrophs, gonadotrophs, and somatotrophs is influenced by different in vivo ovarian hormonal conditions. Anterior lobes of the pituitary gland were harvested from ovariectomized and ovarian steroid-replaced adult female rats 10–12 d after surgery. Quantitative immunocytochemistry was performed on enzymatically dispersed pituitary cells. The presence of ET-1-like immunoreactivity in prolactin-, luteinizing hormone-, or growth hormone-producing cells was demonstrated by double-label immunocytochemistry. The incidence of ET-1 immunopositive pituitary cells was unaffected by progesterone treatment alone. Estradiol replacement caused a modest decrease in the number of lactotrophs and somatotrophs expressing ET-1 but increased the incidence of ET-1 immunopositive cells among gonadotrophs. Combined treatment with estradiol and progesterone robustly increased the incidence of ET-1 immunopositive lactotrophs and gonadotrophs but had no effect on somatotrophs. These data reveal that the synthesis of ET-1-like peptides in lactotrophs and gonadotrophs (and, to a lesser extent, in somatotrophs) is sensitive to ovarian steroids. Furthermore, these findings predict that ovarian steroids modulate ET-1 biosynthesis during the estrous cycle, suggesting a possible mechanism by which the ovarian steroid milieu may regulate the responsiveness of lactotrophs and gonadotrophs to their hypothalamic secretagogues.
Extension of hypersonic, high-incidence, slender-body similarity

The Sychev (1960) analysis for inviscid hypersonic flow past slender bodies at large angle of attack is shown to be applicable to all slender-body flows whose crossflow Mach numbers are greater than sonic; it is therefore not restricted to flows with hypersonic crossflow Mach number values, as indicated elsewhere in the literature. It is also noted that the Sychev similarity applies to a number of slender-body flows with subsonic crossflow Mach numbers, including incompressible flow.
The matter of market devices: Economic transformation in a southwest Alaskan salmon fishery

Abstract The past few decades have witnessed the reconfiguration of a sweep of industries and sectors to more closely mirror economic models, often interpreted as a hallmark of neoliberal reordering in the growing body of scholarship on the topic. Analyses have emphasized not simply the primacy of market designs in these transformations, but also their performative force: the degree to which they bring into being the phenomena they would seem to merely describe. While studies have begun to probe how transformations are effected through market devices, less attention has been directed toward understanding the conditions under which performative properties take hold, or are confounded. This article outlines recent shifts in the operations of a commercial salmon fishery in southwest Alaska in order to examine how broader modes of industry restructuring are accomplished, at least in part, through the material reworking of everyday objects and actions, such as market goods and the practices through which they are produced and consumed. It demonstrates that the abstract designs that inform fishery change, including rationalization and niche-marketing efforts, emerge not merely from the minds of economic analysts but also, and perhaps even more consequentially, through the material reconfiguration of fish flesh. At the same time, ethnographic evidence from southwest Alaska reveals the limits of performative reordering as well: Salmon fishers and their products are never very smoothly remade in the image of market models. The article argues that market materialities thus constitute both vehicles for and disruptions to the worldly realizations of neoliberal designs.
Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia

Abstract Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is a rare disorder comprising 5% of acute leukemias, most likely arising from a multipotent progenitor cell. Knowledge of this disease is limited. There is no single chromosomal abnormality uniquely associated with BAL; however, the most common chromosomal abnormalities are t(9;22)(q34;q11) and structural abnormalities involving 11q23. Whether patients with BAL should be treated with regimens designed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), or combination of treatment for AML and ALL remain unclear. Because of its poor prognosis, it is likely that it might require more intensive treatment approaches, including allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation to achieve long-term complete remissions. In this review, we discuss insights into the molecular biology, diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment strategy of this disease.
Singlet Oxygen Generation by Cyclometalated Complexes and Applications

While cyclometalated complexes have been extensively studied for optoelectronic applications, these compounds also represent a relatively new class of photosensitizers for the production of singlet oxygen. Thus far, singlet oxygen generation from cyclometalated Ir and Pt complexes has been studied in detail. In this review, photophysical data for singlet oxygen generation from these complexes are presented, and the mechanism of (1) O2 generation is discussed, including evidence for singlet oxygen generation via an electron-transfer mechanism for some of cyclometalated Ir complexes. The period from the first report of singlet oxygen generation by a cyclometalated Ir complex in 2002 through August 2013 is covered in this review. This new class of singlet oxygen photosensitizers may prove to be rather versatile due to the ease of substitution of ancillary ligands without loss of activity. Several cyclometalated complexes have been tethered to zeolites, polystyrene, or quantum dots. Applications for photooxygenation of organic molecules, including "traditional" singlet oxygen reactions (ene reaction, [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] cycloadditions) as well as oxidative coupling of amines are presented. Potential biomedical applications are also reviewed.
Effect of entropy change of lithium intercalation in cathodes and anodes on Li-ion battery thermal management

The entropy changes (� S) in various cathode and anode materials, as well as in complete Li-ion batteries, were measured using an electrochemical thermodynamic measurement system (ETMS). LiCoO2 has a much larger entropy change than electrodes based on LiNixCoyMnzO2 and LiFePO4, while lithium titanate based anodes have lower entropy change compared to graphite anodes. The reversible heat generation rate was found to be a significant portion of the total heat generation rate. The appropriate combinations of cathode and anode were investigated to minimize reversible heat generation rate across the 0–100% state of charge (SOC) range. In addition to screening for battery electrode materials with low reversible heat, the techniques described in this paper can be a useful engineering tool for battery thermal management in stationary and transportation applications.
Level set-based tracking of the endocardium without a shape prior from 3D ultrasound images

A level set-based method for tracking the endocardium from 3D ultrasound images is presented. The tracking process is initialized by a manual delineation and performed automatically. The method does not use a shape prior model, removing the requirement of acquiring large sets of training data, and providing adaptivity for abnormal cases. At each image frame, the edge strength is estimated and locations with strong edges are used to compute the region-based surface deformation, which is then propagated to the rest of the image volume. The approach is evaluated with 10 sequences of canine subjects including 5 ischemic image sequences. The results show that the method performs with error values below the interobserver variability of manual segmentation, and is able to robustly follow the cardiac wall movement.
Avahan: The advocacy work of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in India

The work of advocacy at the local-global level begins with setting priorities and then, enacting them in the public realm. All of the Gates Foundation's HIV/AIDS advocacy work in India stemmed from the programmatic priorities we set. When we launched Avahan, the foundation's India AIDS Initiative in 2003, it was only after extensive research and consultation about the nature of the Indian AIDS epidemic. The decision to focus on ‘high-risk behaviors of specific groups’ (sex workers and their clients, injecting drug users, high risk behaviors of men who have sex with men, and the transgender/hijra community) in the six highest prevalence states of India was based on epidemiology, so there was no room to contemplate moral judgments or cultural taboos. We believe that all of these communities should have equal access to prevention services, to protect themselves and lead healthy lives.
BOPSCAN technology: a methodology and implementation of the billion-point optical scanner

Fast microsecond regime beam switching speed, low control power, optical scanner is proposed using thin-film polarization switching devices and passive polarization sensitive beam steering optics.
Ordering in two dimensions: Optical textures in monolayers

Optical studies of Langmuir monolayers of simple amphiphiles such as fatty acids and esters by polarized fluorescence microscopy and Brewster-angle microscopy reveal a large variety of textures including stripes, stars, and spirals that closely resemble textures observed in liquid crystals. The textures represent large-scale (>10 μm) spontaneous organization of the molecular tilt azimuth. Phase transitions within the monolayer can be directly observed by marked changes in texture, revealing a complex phase diagram. Many of the textures can be explained by a Landau-deGennes theory of tilted hexatic phases that takes into account the broken-symmetry characteristic of amphiphiles at an interface.
Mechanical properties of a low alloy steel in a molten nitrate salt environment

The influence of an oxidizing molten nitrate salt (60 pct NaNO3-40 pct KNO3) on the mechanical properties of 2.25Cr-1Mo has been examined through a series of slow strain rate tests at 450°C and 525°C. By comparing fracture strain, reduction in area, and the ultimate strength of air-exposed specimens to these same parameters for specimens tested in the binary salt mixture, the susceptibility of the alloy to environmental degradation was ascertained. Exposure to the nitrate resulted in a loss of ductility as measured by either the engineering fracture strain or reduction in area at both temperatures studied. At these temperatures, the ductility loss was most pronounced at the lowest strain rates (1×10−7 s−1). In general, for all strain rates examined, the degree of ductility loss was greater at 525°C than at 450°C. Metallographic observations revealed that severe surface oxidation occurred as the result of exposure to the molten salt. These surface scales were found to be nonadherent and easily spalled. The rapid formation of these corrosion products and the inability of the material to form a protective barrier against further oxidation is consistent with the ductility loss observed in the salt-exposed specimens.
Individual distance in two species of macaque

Abstract Observations were made on two groups of Macaca nemestrina (pigtails) and two of Macaca radiata (bonnets), each containing one male and four females. The records included the durations of passive contact and proximity (within 1 foot) between subjects and each subject's location in the pen. A significant difference between the species in the durations of passive contact but not in the durations of proximity was obtained. It was shown also that the distribution of the subjects involved considerable reference to selected features of the physical environment as well as to other animals. Regarding individual distance phenomena in monkeys the results of this study suggest that : (1) contact and proximity may be manifestations of different underlying systems and that the tendency towards contact may be species-specific; (2) behaviour relating to individual distances between adults may be significant in the ontogeny of the social behaviour of their young; and (3) studies of individual distance must take account of the possible coercive effects of the physical environment.
Studying Active Learning in the Cost-Sensitive Framework

Active learning is a learning paradigm that actively acquires extra information with an "effort" for a certain "gain" when building learning models. This paper unifies the effort and gain by studying active learning in the cost-sensitive framework. The major advantage of studying active cost-sensitive learning aims at the business goal of minimizing the total cost directly, thus the potential applications of the proposed methods are significant. We first study a simple random active learner "buying" additional examples at random in order to reduce the total cost of example acquisition and future misclassifications. Then we propose a novel pool-based cost-sensitive active learner "buying" labels of unlabeled examples in a pool. We evaluate our new cost-sensitive active learning algorithms and compare them to previous active cost-sensitive learning methods. Experiment results show that our pool-based cost-sensitive active learner requires a fewer number of examples yet it produces a smaller total cost compared to the previous methods.
What is the role of serological markers in the diagnosis of IBD

Research and technological advancements have fostered a novel approach to understanding the intricate relationship between genetic and clinical expression of disease. Both genetic and serum antibody markers hold the most promise in helping researchers better comprehend disease heterogeneity and natural history. Although our current gold standard diagnostic tests do not possess this capability, exciting preliminary research suggests IBD-specific antibody markers may serve as predictors of an individual's disease course. Thus, the foundation has been laid upon which the discovery of novel IBD-specific and IBD-sensitive markers will enable researchers to identify at-risk individuals, as well as diagnose IBD and stratify patients into homogeneous subtypes with certainty. Clinicians can then create and implement individual treatment plans designed to improve the long-term prognosis of these chronic diseases.
CNS location of uterine-related neurons revealed by trans-synaptic tracing with pseudorabies virus and their relation to estrogen receptor-immunoreactive neurons

Retrograde, transneuronal tracing with Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used in rats to identify spinal cord, brainstem and hypothalamic loci of uterine-related neurons that could function in the regulation of uterine activity. Based on the premise that estrogen might influence such uterine-related neurons, the existence of estrogen receptors in neurons in these same loci was examined. Viral injections were made into the uterine cervix, body and cervical end of the uterine horns, and the rats allowed to survive for four to six days. After four days, mainly the spinal cord, medulla and pons contained virus-infected neurons. After longer survival times, progressively higher levels of the neuraxis contained viral-labeled neurons, so that by six days hypothalamic uterine-related neurons were identified. First-order virus-infected neurons were visualized by immunohistochemistry in the pelvic paracervical parasympathetic ganglia and in inferior mesenteric sympathetic ganglia. Preganglionic and putative interneurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord mainly in the lateral horn area (sacral parasympathetic nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus), lateral aspect of the dorsal horn, intermediate gray, lamina X and dorsal gray commissural area. In the brainstem, labeling was most evident and consistent in the nucleus tractus solitarius, ventrolateral medulla, raphe magnus and pallidus nuclei, parapyramidal area, A5 cell group, Barrington's nucleus of the pons and periaqueductal gray of the midbrain. In the hypothalamus, virus-infected neurons were most marked in the paraventricular nucleus, with fewer in the medial preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. Estrogen receptor-immunoreactive neurons were most often present among the virus-labeled uterine-related neurons of the spinal cord, nucleus tractus solitarius, ventrolateral medulla, periaqueductal gray, medial preoptic area and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. These results identify a multisynaptic pathway of neurons whose eventual output is involved in uterine functions, whose distribution is similar to that revealed by pseudorabies virus tracing from other visceral organs, and which are often mixed among estrogen-responsive neurons.
Dual-excitation-wavelength fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering for differentiation of single airborne pollen and fungal particles

Fluorescence spectra of aerosolized pollen (12 species or subspecies) and fungal (4 species) samples measured using a Dual-excitation-wavelength Particle Fluorescence Spectrometer (DPFS) are reported. The DPFS records two fluorescence spectra and two elastic scattering intensities from single airborne particles as they flow through an optical cell. Each particle is illuminated sequentially, first with a pulse from a 263-nm wavelength laser, followed by a second pulse from a 351-nm laser. The two dispersed fluorescence spectra (from 280 nme700 nm) and elastic scattering intensities are measured by a single 32-anode photomultiplier tube. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectra is used to examine differences in the spectra. Plots of several principal components show that samples of pollens and fungal materials can largely be differentiated. These preliminary results suggest that fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering may be useful for real-time discrimination among a variety of airborne pollens, fungal materials, and other airborne particles.
Improved Quantification of Labeled LC-MS

A novel quantification method is proposed for labeled LC-MS data. Unlike the traditional extracted ion chromatogram based quantification methods, the new method considers the reliability or the quality of signals with different intensities and applies more weights to the more reliable signals in the relative quantification procedure. Testing shows that the new method has improved accuracy than current quantification software.
Isolation of herpes simplex virus clones and drug resistant mutants in microcultures.

Suitable dilutions of herpes simplex virus (HSV) preparations inoculated into microcultures of confluent monolayers of human foreskin or Vero cells, in individual wells of plastic “microplates”, induced viral cytopathic effects that resulted from the infection of the cultures by single virus particles. The clonal nature of the viral progeny in isolated wells was supported by visual control over the development of viral foci and by statistical analysis. The method has the advantage of speed and economy, while it also yields a large primary clonal virus stock. HSV clones resistant to phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) and 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR) could be readily isolated by the described technique.
Rapid deactivation of MAP kinase in PC12 cells occurs independently of induction of phosphatase MKP‐1

Growth factors or serum can induce transcription and translation of a dual specificity MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase phosphatase, MKP-1 (MAP kinase phosphatase-1). The role of induction of MKP-1 (formerly 3CH134) in the rapid phase of MAP kinase deactivation was studied in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. MAP kinase was nearly completely deactivated in PC12 cells by 10 min after stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) whereas MAP kinase activity remained elevated at 30% of the maximal response after stimulation with nerve growth factor. Protocols for treating cells with actinomycin D and cycloheximide were established that eliminate detection of MKP-1 mRNA and protein in PC 12 cells. Treatment of PC12 cells with actinomycin D and cycloheximide did not affect the rapid deactivation of MAP kinase. Thus, the rapid phase of MAP kinase deactivation in PC12 cells is not dependent on the induction of the MAP kinase phosphatase MKP-1.
‘I've had it with them!’ Younger migrant women's spatial practices of conformity and resistance

This article examines how younger migrant women from Turkey maneuver the public and private spaces of their everyday lives in a neighborhood in Germany, and how they challenge and affirm the patriarchal practices and gender norms that husbands, fathers, and older migrant women seek to impose within and outside private homes. Younger migrant women selectively comply with gendered and generational norms of veiling and dress, while at the same time also reworking gender roles, and avoiding and transgressing masculinist spaces. Younger migrant women's practices and spatial representations in mental maps reveal the complex entanglements of compliances and resistance, and dispel simple assumptions of being overwhelmingly victimized by their potentially violent men that are so prominent in contemporary Western societies.
Wide distribution of leukaemia virus in strains of laboratory mice.

LABORATORY mice of defined genetic qualities and, more recently, so-called germ-free (gnotobiotic, axenic) mice have become available to investigators. Electron microscopy has revealed, however, that the so-called germ-free mice (AKR, Balb/c, C3Hf, CFW, ICR and Swiss-Webster strains) were not virus-free1–3. Virus-like particles were observed in the thymic tissues of prenatal, neonatal and mature “germ-free” mice3. Moreover, significant numbers of mice from each strain developed lymphatic leukaemia after whole-body exposure to X-rays, which served to identify some of the virus particles in their tissues4. The development of a virus-free mouse strain would be very useful for determining the exclusive causal role of virus in leukaemogenesis. We have therefore examined additional conventional mouse strains for leukaemia virus by electron microscopy and some also for host-response to the leukaemogenic action of whole-body irradiation.
Chemical sensitivity: symptom, syndrome or mechanism for disease?'

Several different meanings have been attached to the term “chemical sensitivity” by those who use it. Feeling ill from odors is a symptom reported by approximately one-third of the population. The syndrome of chemical sensitivity, frequently called “Multiple Chemical Sensitivity” or “MCS” has been the subject of three federallysponsored workshops; at least five different case definitions for research on MCS have been proposed. In contrast, the hypothesis that chemical sensitivity may be a mechanismfor disease posits that a broad spectrum of “recognized” chronic illnesses, ranging from asthma and migraine to depression and chronic fatigue, may be the consequence of environmental chemical exposures. According to this theory, a two-step process occurs: (1) an initial salient exposure event(s) (for example, a one-time, intermittent, or continuous exposure to pesticides, solvents, or air contaminants in a sick building) interacts with a susceptible individual, causing loss of tolerance for everyday, low level chemical inhalants (car exhaust, fragrances, cleaning agents), as well as for foods, drugs, alcohol, and caffeine; (2) thereafter, such common, formerly well-tolerated substances trigger symptoms, thus perpetuating illness. “Masking” (acclimatization, apposition, and addiction) may hide these exposure-symptom relationships, thus obfuscating the environmental etiology of the illness. Accumulating clinical observations lend credence to a view of chemical sensitivity as an emerging theory of disease causation and underscore the need for its testing in a rational, scientific manner. While chemical sensitivity may be the consequence of chemical exposure, the term “toxicantinduced loss of tolerance” more fully describes the two-step process under scrutiny.
Cyclohexene decomposition on Ru(001) and the mechanism of benzene hydrogenation

Abstract Results of a preliminary investigation of the decomposition of cyclohexene on Ru(001) are presented. By 150 K, there is evidence of extensive C-H and C-C bond breaking, yielding mainly ethylene and hydrogen as desorption products. The coincidence of desorption temperatures and similarity of desorption peak shapes of the decomposition products suggest that these products are formed in a single decomposition step, or in a series of steps that occur in rapid succession. Water does not influence the adsorption or decomposition of cyclohexene.
The communicator and the audience

1 Revision of a paper delivered at the tenth anniversary of the founding of the Department and Laboratory of Social Relations, Harvard University, February 9, 1957. sumptions about the direct impact of the mass media upon the mass audience. The idea of the "two-step flow of communications" was introduced, and this initiated a search for opinion leaders. But opinion leadrs proved not to be a single class of persons all of whom exercised their influence in the
Some quantitative aspects of the reaction of diazonium compounds with serum albumin.

Abstract A method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of azo groups in azo-coupled proteins. This procedure has been used in conjunction with conventional methods of arsenic and iodine analyses to determine the fraction of diazonium salt introduced into serum albumin by means of azo linkages. It has been found that far fewer groups are introduced than had been anticipated and that only about a third of these groups are attached to the protein by an azo linkage. Bovine or human serum albumin has been coupled with the diazonium salts of the following compounds: arsanilic acid; sulfanilic acid; p -aminosalicylic acid; 2-nitro-4-aminophenol; iodoaniline; 3-aminophthalic acid; 1,1,1-tri-(β-carboxyethyl)-3′-aminoacetophenone; 5-amino-1, 10-phenanthroline; 5-amino-8-hydroxyquinoline. Lysozyme has been coupled with 3-aminophthalic acid. In all cases the azoproteins have been isolated and analyzed for azo groups.
Managing the Drivers of Organizational Commitment and Salesperson Effort: An Application of Meyer and Allen's Three-Component Model

This study extends the literature by utilizing a three-component organizational commitment measure to identify ways for managers to drive salesperson effort. Using social exchange theory and survey data from industrial salespeople, an analysis reveals that perceived organizational support (POS) has a strong positive effect on affective commitment, no significant effect on normative commitment, and a negative effect on continuance commitment. Further, the findings show that only one component of organizational commitment-affective commitment-has a positive direct effect on sales effort, whereas normative and continuance commitment do not. However, normative commitment plays a supporting role as it positively moderates the relationship between affective commitment and effort. In addition, the study indicates that job satisfaction has positive effects on both affective and normative commitment, but no significant effect on continuance commitment.
Oral Bisphosphonate Therapy may not Significantly Compromise Dental Implants Success

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Outcomes of placing dental implants in patients taking oral bisphosphonates: a review of 115 cases. Grant BT, Amenedo C, Freeman K, Kraut RA. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(2):223-30. Level of Evidence Level 2 (Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence) Strength of Recommendation Not applicable Purpose/Question (1) Assess the prevalence of osteonecrosis of the jaw following dental implants treatment in patients receiving oral bisphosphonate therapy. (2) Does oral bisphosphonate therapy compromise the success rate of dental implants treatment? Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Case series
Born-approximation amplitudes for pion production in heavy-ion collisions.

Formal solutions of the second-order amplitude in the Born approximation to the quantal, microscopic, many-body problem of pion production from the collision of equal-mass nuclei are presented where {Delta}-hole states are created in the intermediate nuclear states. The form factors containing nuclear structure information are solved in terms of particle-hole coefficients which describe any intermediate particle-hole state, regardless of whether it is coherent or incoherent. In this approach, the important tensor term has been included. A semiquantitative analysis is carried out which gives an indication of the approximate conditions under which pion production may be maximized under the excitation of {Delta}-hole states by the transition-spin, -isospin, one-pion-exchange interaction.
Rate constant for H+O2→O+OH by laser absorption spectroscopy of OH in shock-heated H2-O2-Ar mixtures

Abstract The rate constant expression, k = 6.0 × 10 14 exp (−95 kJ/ RT ) cm 3 mol −1 s −1 , for H + O 2 →O + OH was determined from cw laser absorption spectroscopic measurements of OH radical concentration growth rates in rich H 2 -O 2 -Ar mixtures heated to temperatures between 1900 and 2650 K in reflected shock waves.
Children with incarcerated mothers: Developmental outcomes, special challenges and recommendations

Incarcerated mothers represent a rapidly growing sector of the prison population. This review of the literature presents research examining the psychological and socio-emotional well-being of children with an incarcerated mother, highlighting risk and protective factors at different stages of children's development. Child outcomes are reviewed from a developmental perspective with a focus on children's connectedness to family and school. Attachment disruptions and disorganization are explored as outcomes for infants and toddlers; academic difficulties for school-aged children are discussed; and delinquency and risky behaviors that may place adolescent children at increased risk for incarceration themselves are reviewed. Next, special concerns and challenges associated with working with children and families with an incarcerated mother are highlighted. Future research recommendations are made that include methodological improvements and the use of an interdisciplinary perspective that focuses on family processes.
Spouse Social Control Efforts: Relations to Health Behavior and Well-Being among Men with Prostate Cancer

We measured perceptions of wives’ attempts to encourage appropriate health behavior among men with prostate cancer, a phenomenon known as ‘social control.’ We examined social control for health-enhancing behaviors (e.g., exercise), health-restorative behaviors (e.g., sleep), and health-compromising behaviors (e.g., smoking). We interviewed 80 married men with prostate cancer shortly after treatment, 2 months later, and 8 months later. Social control was distinct from social support and social conflict. There was no evidence that spouse social control was effective in producing positive changes in health behavior. In fact, health-restorative and health-compromising social control were associated with poorhealth behavior. There were no relations between social control and changes in health behavior over time. Spouse social control was associated with greater psychological distress, especially health-restorative and health-compromising social control. There was some evidence that social control undermined pe...
Two Unusual Strains of Candida Arthritis

Candida arthritis is an uncommon cause of infectious arthritis that may occur in seriously ill or immunosup pressed patients. This report describes two patients, one who developed Candida tropicalis arthritis and another patient who developed C. parapsilosis arthritis. One patient developed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to amphotericin B therapy and was successfully treated with intravenous miconazole. The other was unsuccessfully treated with both intraarticularand intravenous amphotericin B.
From information gateway to digital library management system: a case analysis

This paper discusses the design, implementation and evolution of the Cornell University Library Gateway using the case analysis method. It diagnoses the Gateway within the conceptual framework of definitions and best practices associated with information gateways, portals, and emerging digital library management systems, in particular the product ENCompass.
Outcomes for patients with extraprostatic prostate cancer treated with trimodality therapy, including brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, and hormone therapy

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of multimodality therapy consisting of hormone therapy (HT), brachytherapy (BT), and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in extraprostatic prostate cancer and identify factors with predictive value. Methods and Materials Between June 1992 and October 2006, 97 patients with extraprostatic prostate cancer received permanent seed implant BT. Extraprostatic disease was defined by one or more of the following: positive seminal vesicle biopsy (n = 56), positive lymph node dissection (n = 8), or a clinical tumor stage of T3 (n = 48). Treatment consisted of BT alone with 103Pd or 125I (n = 4); HT and BT (n = 3); BT and EBRT (n = 2); or trimodality therapy with HT, BT, and EBRT (n = 88). Median followup was 69 (range, 23–182) months. Freedom from biochemical failure (FBF) rates were calculated using the Phoenix criteria. Results The 7-year actuarial FBF, freedom from distant metastases, disease-specific survival, and overall survival rates were 67%, 82%, 96%, and 81%, respectively. Biologically effective dose (BED) was the only variable significantly impacting FBF rates. FBF at 7 years was 60% vs. 74% for BED below 200 and 200 or above, respectively (p = 0.048). Trends toward worse outcomes were noted with increasing Gleason score, with 7-year FBF rates of 86% vs. 71% vs. 55% for scores of 6 or less, 7, and 8–10, respectively (p = 0.090). BED was the only significant predictor of FBF in multivariate analysis (p = 0.032). None of the predictors were significant in multivariable analyses for the other outcomes studied. Conclusions Trimodality approach achieves durable biochemical control in most patients with historically poor prognosis T3 prostate cancer. BED above 200 Gy was associated with superior FBF.
Increasing uptake time in FDG-PET: standardized uptake values in normal tissues at 1 versus 3 h.

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging at more than 1 h after 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) administration may result in less blood pool activity and possibly decreased normal FDG uptake in tissues such as liver. Lower normal background activity could be an important component of improved image contrast on delayed imaging. Increasing FDG uptake in normal organs, however, may mitigate the beneficial effects of blood pool clearance. The purpose of this study is to determine the normal tissue and blood pool FDG uptake at 1 and 3 h after injection. Ninety-nine patients with known or suspected malignancy referred for FDG-PET–computed tomography (CT) were retrospectively evaluated. PET imaging was performed at either 1 h (60 ± 15 min; n = 50) or at 3 h (180 ± 15 min; n = 49) after FDG administration. Normal tissue FDG uptake without involvement by malignancy or influenced by artifact (misregistration, “brown fat,” focal muscle uptake, focal atherosclerotic disease) was confirmed by inspection of both the PET and CT scans. Aortic blood pool, adipose tissue, bone marrow, cerebellum, liver, lungs, muscle, and spleen were quantitatively evaluated by CT-guided region of interest analysis in three contiguous slices. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Mean SUVs on the 3- versus 1-h images were significantly lower for aortic blood pool 13% (p < 0.0001) and adipose tissue 20% (p < 0.008). FDG uptake showed significant increases at 3 h compared to 1-h imaging in the cerebellum 40% (p < 0.0001), bone marrow 25% (p = 0.003), muscle 21% (p = 0.0004), and spleen 13% (p = 0.01). The liver and lung showed no significant differences (1%, p = 0.85; −2%, p = 0.62, respectively). On FDG imaging at 3 h compared to 1 h, significant changes were apparent, but the magnitude of changes was modest overall. Three-hour delayed imaging demonstrated significantly lower aortic blood pool and adipose tissue activity and significantly higher cerebellum, muscle, spleen, and bone marrow activity. Hepatic and lung activities were not significantly different. These results suggest that previously reported improvements in tumor image contrast with delayed imaging may be primarily due to cumulative FDG uptake within the tumor rather than reduction in normal background activity.
Revelation effect in metamemory

Test items are more likely to be judged as previously studied if they need to be discovered before the recognition decision. In the present experiments, this revelation effect was extended to metamemory judgments. Participants studied word pairs and then tried to recall the second word of each pair when given the first word as a cue. In Experiment 1, a fragment of the target was either gradually increased in size or held constant, and in Experiment 2, sometimes an anagram of the cue was given instead of the cue itself. Thus, for some items, there was a revelation task before a recall attempt. If recall failed, the participants gave feeling-of-knowing (FOK) ratings. In both experiments, the participants gave higher FOK ratings after a revelation task, even though the items that these FOKs referred to remained unrecalled. Analyses showed a criterion shift but no differences in sensitivity.
Partition bijections, a survey

We present an extensive survey of bijective proofs of classical partitions identities. While most bijections are known, they are often presented in a different, sometimes unrecognizable way. Various extensions and generalizations are added in the form of exercises.
On the Comparative Analysis of Locomotory Systems with Vertical Travel

This paper revisits the concept of specific resistance, e, a dimensionless measure of locomotive efficiency often used to compare the transport cost of vehicles [6], and extends its use to the vertical domain. As specific resistance is designed for comparing horizontal locomotion, we introduce a compensation term in order to offset the gravitational potential gained or lost during locomotion. We observe that this modification requires an additional, experimentally fitted model estimating the efficiency at which a system is able to transfer energy to and from gravitational potential. This paper introduces a family of such models, thus introducing methods to allow fair comparisons of locomotion on level ground, sloped, and vertical surfaces, for any vehicle which necessarily gains or loses potential energy during travel.
Introduction to modeling nonlinear natural and human systems minitrack

Numerous natural and human-made systems can be described as nonlinear or complex. Such systems often escape the straight cause-effect and linear modeling patterns which traditional science has successfully used over centuries. Linear approximations of dynamic phenomena rarely deliver satisfactory results. On the other hand, nonlinear modeling techniques became feasible and more popular only with the advent of the digital computer some fifty years ago and have been widely used for little more than a decade and a half. In other words, even though the theoretical foundations were laid out much earlier, practical research and application of nonlinear modeling are still in their infancy compared with linear modeling. Among the traditional approaches to modeling nonlinear and dynamic systems are techniques such as discrete event simulation or Markov chains. System dynamics (SD), which captures and analyzes the feedback structure of complex dynamic systems, and agent-based modeling (ABM), which focuses on the rulebased emergent behavior of interacting individual agents, are two other prominent modeling techniques. Multimethod approaches, dynamic triangulation, and complementary applications of these modeling techniques in terms of an integrated research design have been proposed before [1-3]. While such integrated designs have not emerged yet, this minitrack acts as a forum for bringing together nonlinear systems modelers of various backgrounds with the ultimate aim of exploring the prospects and benefits of integration through better understanding of each technique’s research design potential. The insights from integrated research will certainly be relevant and beneficial not only to academic research but also to managerial practice and decision making.
The Psychometric Properties of the Pediatric Early Warning Score System in the Pediatric Medical Surgical Units

Identifying and treating clinical deterioration in a pediatric patient is crucial to improving outcomes. Response teams in the pediatric setting has proven effective, but the use of an early warning scoring tool to improve recognition has mostly been studied in the adult population.