cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microhabitat Analysis of Bass Tapeworm, Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae), in Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu, and Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides, from Gull Lake, Michigan, U.S.A

A total of 142 bass (54 Micropterus dolomieu and 88 Micropterus salmoides) were collected April through September 2000 and April through July 2001 from 5 locations in Gull Lake, Michigan, U.S.A., and examined for Proteocephalus ambloplitis. Proteocephalus ambloplitis was 100% prevalent in both smallmouth and largemouth bass. The numbers of P. ambloplitis from each microhabitat (gonads, liver, spleen, mesentery, pyloric ceca, intestine) were counted and compared between females and males within and between host species. Overall mean intensity of infection and mean intensity in the ovaries was significantly higher in smallmouth bass. Infections among smallmouth bass were most intense in the gonads but most intense in the liver and mesentery among largemouth bass. Given the known pathology of P. ambloplitis, bass tapeworm may reduce the reproductive potential of smallmouth bass in Gull Lake.
Diagnostic yield and utility of neurovascular ultrasonography in the evaluation of patients with syncope.

OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic utility of neurovascular ultrasonography (transcranial Doppler and carotid ultrasonography) in patients with syncope. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified consecutive patients who underwent neurovascular ultrasonography for the diagnosis of syncope or presyncope at an academic hospital in 1997 and 1998. From medical records we abstracted patient demographic and clinical information, results and consequences of testing, and follow-up data for 3 years. RESULTS A total of 140 patients participated in the study. The median age of the study patients was 74 years (interquartile range, 66-80 years), and 49% were male. Severe extracranial or intracranial cerebrovascular disease was found on neurovascular ultrasonography in 20 patients (14%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.5%-21%). Focal neurologic signs or symptoms or carotid bruits were found in 19 (95%) of 20 patients with positive test results compared with 46 (38%) of 120 patients without severe disease ( P CONCLUSIONS In this predominantly stroke-age population, neurovascular ultrasonography had a low yield for diagnosing vascular lesions that contributed to the pathophysiology of syncope. However, in patients with focal signs or symptoms or carotid bruits, it detected incidental lesions that typically require treatment or follow-up. In patients with syncope, neurovascular ultrasonography should be reserved for this subset. The data suggest enhancements to the American College of Physicians guideline for the use of neurovascular ultrasonography in patients with syncope.
An ultrasonic Gaussian transducer and its diffraction field: theory and practice

In this paper, the authors present a novel way to describe the diffraction field for a Gaussian source, which becomes a Gaussian itself. It is described by the Rayleigh surface integral based on the Huygens' theorem. The derivation does not require the parabolic approximation used by previous authors. An improved spherical button Gaussian transducer design also is presented to verify the theory. A theoretical principle of this design based on electromagnetic theory is developed. Both megahertz and kilohertz experimental results show that the sound fields generated by Gaussian transducers of this design agree very well with the theoretical predictions
DC and Transient Performance of 4H-SiC Double-Implant MOSFETs

SiC vertical MOSFETs were fabricated and characterized, achieving blocking voltages around 1 kV and specific on-resistances as low as RSP,ON=8.3 mOmegamiddotcm2. DC and transient characteristics are shown. Room and elevated temperature (up to 200degC) 600 V/5 A inductive switching performance of the SiC MOSFETs are shown with turn-on and turn-off transients of approximately 20-40 ns.
Survey of Antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. in Gray and Red Fox Populations From North Carolina and Virginia

Abstract American trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis are caused by related hemoflagellate parasites, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp., which share several common host species. Both zoonotic protozoans are endemic in the United States. Canines, including domestic and wild canids, are reservoir hosts for human infections with T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. The present study examined the seroprevalence of T. cruzi and Leishmania spp. in wild canids from North Carolina and Virginia. Wild canine species tested in this work included 49 gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and 5 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Overall, sera samples from 54 foxes (North Carolina = 43; Virginia = 11) were tested by immunochromatographic strip assays (ICT). Antibodies to T. cruzi were found in 4 (9%) gray foxes from North Carolina and 2 (18%) gray foxes from Virginia. Antibodies to Leishmania spp. were detected in 1 (2%) gray fox from North Carolina. Our results indicate that wild canids are exposed more frequently to T. cruzi in...
Controversies in neuro-oncology: does valganciclovir have a role in the treatment of high-grade gliomas?

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpes virus trophic for glial cells with a seroprevalence of 50-90% in adult population.1–3 In 2002, Dr. Charles Cobbs and colleagues reported that a high percentage of gliomas were infected with CMV and multiple CMV gene products were expressed in these tumors.3 Since then there has been controversy related to the role of CMV in the pathogenesis of gliomas, and whether it represents a potential therapeutic target. This controversy has intensified recently with the publication of a letter in the New England Journal of Medicine by Soderberg-Naucler and colleagues who performed a retrospective analysis of a previously published negative randomized phase II study of adjuvant valganciclovir in newly-diagnosed glioblastomas (Valcyte Treatment of Glioblastoma Patients in Sweden (VIGAS) study).4,5 In this analysis they found that a subset of patients who received more than 6 months of therapy with valganciclovir had significantly prolonged survival compared to contemporary controls.4 Analysis of a larger group of 50 patients treated both within the VIGAS trial and on compassionate basis also suggested improved outcome.4 These results have led to significant interest with in the neuro-oncology community, and especially among patients, regarding the potential value of valganciclovir and other anti-CMV therapies for high-grade gliomas. In the subsequent articles, one by Dr. Charles Cobbs and another by Drs. Wolfgang Wick and Michael Platten, the authors discuss the data regarding the role of CMV in high-grade gliomas and whether anti-CMV therapies such as valganciclovir have a therapeutic role.
A-MAC: A versatile and efficient receiver-initiated link layer for low-power wireless

We present A-MAC, a receiver-initiated link layer for low-power wireless networks that supports several services under a unified architecture, and does so more efficiently and scalably than prior approaches. A-MAC's versatility stems from layering unicast, broadcast, wakeup, pollcast, and discovery above a single, flexible synchronization primitive. A-MAC's efficiency stems from optimizing this primitive and with it the most consequential decision that a low-power link makes: whether to stay awake or go to sleep after probing the channel. Today's receiver-initiated protocols require more time and energy to make this decision, and they exhibit worse judgment as well, leading to many false positives and negatives, and lower packet delivery ratios. A-MAC begins to make this decision quickly, and decides more conclusively and correctly in both the negative and affirmative. A-MAC's scalability comes from reserving one channel for the initial handshake and different channels for data transfer. Our results show that: (i) a unified implementation is possible; (ii) A-MAC's idle listening power increases by just 1.12× under interference, compared to 17.3× for LPL and 54.7× for RI-MAC; (iii) A-MAC offers high single-hop delivery ratios; (iv) network wakeup is faster and more channel efficient than LPL; and (v) collection routing performance exceeds the state-of-the-art.
An audiometric survey of territorial army personnel

A cross sectional survey of 581 TA personnel from Wales, the Midlands and Scotland was performed. The aim was to determine their hearing levels, to attempt to relate any degree of noise induced hearing loss detected with military, occupational and leisure noise and to make recommendations to improve the existing Army Hearing Conservation Programme. Each subject answered a questionnaire, had a clinical examination of each ear and pure tone audiometry. The hearing acuity of the TA group as a whole was similar to the regulars in the lower H gradings but there was a worrying number of H4/8 (5.6%) who had not been picked up before on routine screening and would probably have been discharged if they were in the Regular Army.
Overexpression, purification and crystallization of BamHI endonuclease

The type II restriction endonuclease BamHI has been expressed in E. coli, producing 100-fold more enzyme than the wild type Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H strain. This high yield has facilitated purification to homogeneity of large amounts of the enzyme, along with its crystallization in a form which diffracts to at least 1.9 A in X-ray analysis.
Managing Telework Programs Effectively

Telework has greatly increased in both popularity and use in recent years. The original impetus behind telework has shifted over the years away from social responsibility as employers have come to realize the significant benefits they can reap from a well-designed and implemented telework program. Despite the well-documented environmental, societal, employer and employee benefits associated with telework, telework changes the nature of the employer–employee relationship and can have some detrimental effects on an organizations if not implemented strategically. This paper explores the prevalence of and benefits and limitations associated with telework and provides recommendations as to how to most effectively implement telework.
Transmitting Tricks of the Trade: Advisors and the Development of Research Knowledge.

How is sociological research practice learned? Because much of the tacit knowledge required to succeed in professions such as academia cannot be obtained formally, informal channels of learning—such as interaction with advisors—may be crucial. In this paper I test the extent to which graduate school advisors influence the development of their advisees' research habits, practices, and beliefs. I find that advisors' attitudes and intra-professional standing affect how their advisees view various research practices—both those that are less codified (such as how to deal with anomalous data) and those that are quite standardized (such as statistical significance testing). For the least standardized and most qualitative research practices, such as interpreting qualitative text, I find that students' experiences are more relevant that advisors' attitudes. I discuss these findings by referencing literature in the sociology of science and knowledge and relate my findings to broader knowledge about teaching sociolo...
Why we're still arguing about the Pleistocene occupation of the Americas

Although empirical issues surround the when, how, and who questions of New World colonization, much of current debate hinges on theoretical problems because it has become clear that our understanding of New World colonization is not resolute.1 In fact, the central issues of debate have remained essentially unchanged for the last eighty years. The now classic and probably incorrect story of New World colonization begins in Late Pleistocene Siberia, with small a population of foragers migrating across Beringia (∼13,500 calendar years before present (CYBP) (Box 1) through an ice-free corridor and traveling through the interior of North America. High mobility and rapid population growth spurred southward expansion into increasingly distant unoccupied regions, culminating in the settlement of the Southern Cone of South America. Armed with the skills and weapons needed to maintain a megafauna-based subsistence strategy, early colonists necessarily had the adaptive flexibility to colonize a diverse array of Pleistocene landscapes. For a time, this scenario seemed well substantiated. The earliest sites in South America were younger than their northern counterparts, fluted artifacts were found across the Americas within a brief temporal window, and projectile points capable of wounding elephant-sized prey were commonly found in association with proboscidean remains. The Bering Land Bridge connecting Asia to Alaska and an ice-free corridor providing passage between the Pleistocene ice masses of Canada seemed to provide a clear route of entry for Clovis colonists. However, recent archeological, paleoenvironmental, biological, and theoretical work largely questions the plausibility of these events.
A Comparison Of Iron Histochemical Methods For Use On Glycol Methacrylate Embedded Tissues

Four histochemical tests for iron and four procedures for its removal were investigated in regard to their suitability for glycol methacrylate embedded tissues. The HCl-ferrocyanide and chlorate hematoxylin methods were easily modified for plastic sections. The latter does not use iron-containing reagents. Desiderization was complete both after a fifteen minute exposure in 1% Na2S2O4 in 0.1 M acetate-HCl buffer (pH 4.5) and, if an acid method is preferred, after twelve hours in 5% oxalic acid. A six hour treatment in 3.7 N H2SO4 also removed all histochemical iron but was accompanied by a relatively greater loss of tissue basophilia.
Disturbance rejection of switched discrete-time systems with saturation nonlinearity

This paper addresses the problem of disturbance rejection for switched discrete-time linear systems subject to actuator saturations. An analysis condition is derived based on the switched saturation-dependent Lyapunov functions (SS-DLF) under which trajectories starting from a level set will remain inside an outer level set. An algorithm is developed to estimate the maximal norm of the exogenous disturbance that can be rejected by systems. Furthermore, upper bound of regional L2-gain for exogenous disturbance is minimized. All the results are obtained by exploiting switched saturation-dependent Lyapunov functions (SSDLF) and presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Prolonged remission after long-term treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors in Cushing’s syndrome caused by ectopic ACTH secretion

Spontaneous remission is rare in ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). We describe four patients with presumed EAS in whom long-term treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors was followed by prolonged remission of hypercortisolemia. Biochemical testing was consistent with EAS, but imaging failed to identify a tumor. Patients were treated with ketoconazole alone or with mitotane and/or metyrapone to control hypercortisolemia. Dexamethasone was added when a block and replace strategy was used. Treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors for 3-10 years in these patients was followed by a prolonged period of remission (15-60 months). During remission, the first patient had an elevated ACTH, low cortisol and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC), and adrenal atrophy on computerized tomography scan during remission, suggesting a direct toxic effect on the adrenal glands. Cases 2 and 3 had normal to low ACTH levels and low-normal UFC, consistent with an effect at the level of the ectopic tumor. They did not have a history of cyclicity and case 3 has been in remission for ~5 years, making cyclic Cushing's syndrome less likely. Case 4, with a history of cyclic hypercortisolism, had normal to slightly elevated ACTH levels and low-normal UFC during remission. The most likely etiology of remission is cyclic production of ACTH by the ectopic tumor. Spontaneous and sustained remission of hypercortisolemia is possible in EAS after long-term treatment with steroidogenesis inhibitors; a drug holiday may be warranted during chronic therapy to evaluate this. The pathophysiology remains unclear but may involve several different mechanisms.
Cytology in food animal practice

Diagnostic cytology can greatly aid the clinician in determining a more refined diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan to serve the client and patient better. Sample collection is not difficult and can be done in the field as well as in a hospital setting. The collection and sample handling procedures described in this article can help the clinician to obtain diagnostically valuable samples. In many cases, preliminary cytologic evaluation can be performed by the general practitioner. Additional diagnostic evaluation and interpretation are readily available from trained pathologists at diagnostic laboratories.
A comparison of sensitivity to location errors in mathematical transformation of arbitrary electromagnetic fields

A comparison is made of three methods of mathematically transforming arbitrary electromagnetic fields from measurements of the power spectral density made in the near field: the point matching method, the diffraction method, and the random mode method. The methods are compared in terms of sensitivity to location errors, storage, and computational requirements. The results are verified by a computer simulation of an arbitrary source. >
Quantifying Surface Roughness of Carpets by Fractal Dimension

Surface roughness of carpets refers to the degree of irregularity in the terrain of a carpet surface, and reflects the severity of appearance change with wear, such as pilling, untwisting, tuft matting and crushing. An irregular, rough surface can be represented by a fractal function, and quantified by its fractal dimension. This study used a specially-developed imaging system, including a CCD camera, a frame grabber and a computer, as an analytical tool for capturing and processing carpet images. The study applied the fractal dimension to quantifying surface roughness of carpets, and to analyzing appearance loss in carpets owing to mechanical wear. One algorithm for computing fractal dimensions, "reticular cell counting ", was illustrated. It was found from a trial test that the fractal dimension of a carpet surface corresponds to a visual assessment of the surface wear, and a change in fractal dimensions consistently indicates a change in carpet appearance. Hence, a fractal dimension can be used as an e...
ORASIS framework - benefits to working within the linear mixing model

The Optical Real-time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) continues to be developed by the Naval Research Laboratory. Recently, a new method to perform target identification based on Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) has been demonstrated. When projected into a reduced dimension space, angles between spectra are not conserved. Proper determination of the dimensions and their coordinates of the subspace can result in maximizing the angles between a spectrum of interest and the general background. This approach can be used for target identification where the "target" can be a rare spectrum or something found in the general background. In addition, new methods to compress hyperspectral data using the ORASIS in combination with wavelets have been demonstrated. Variations on this approach continue to be worked on and will be discussed. Recent improvements to these methods as well as new directions being pursued will be discussed.
Agent-based simulation model for predicting adoption rates of Electronic Medical Records

There is an emerging trend among healthcare providers towards the replacement of paper-based health records with Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) in order to increase the quality of healthcare [1]–[4]. President Barack Obama's proposed health care plan encourages the adoption of state-of-the-art health information technology systems [5]. Interoperability is a critical issue in EMR systems, and uncertainty about which systems will become prevalent within the industry represents a barrier to adoption. This paper presents an agent-based model for characterizing the rate of adoption of EMRs based on the weighted importance of vendor functionality to institutional needs. Seeking to develop a decision-making tool within this arena, we have implemented an agent-based simulation that reveals the impact of various features on overall adoption rates. This paper discusses our model; the justification of its parameters; the uses among several social groups; and the interpretation of our findings.
Hypothalamic Control of the Secretion of Adenohypophysial Hormones

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the mechanisms involved in the fine regulations and control of the secretions of the hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that reside in the central nervous system (CNS). There are various areas of the CNS that participate in the fine regulation of the secretion of all adenohypophysial hormones. The ultimate integrator of this information of CNS origin is the hypothalamus. The various areas of the limbic system and those nuclei of the hypothalamus that are involved in control of the secretion of the adenohypophysial hormones are sensitive to, and see their electrical activity modified by, hormones of the peripheral glands that are acted upon by the adenohypophysis through the secretion of each one of its tropic hormones. The final information from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis is not in the form of nerve impulses with eventual liberation of one of the classical transmitters but as specific hypothalamic hypophysiotropic substances.
Syndromes of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with pregnancy

When a pregnant or postpartum woman presents with sudden and severe microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia, three syndromes that require urgent care must be considered: (1) preeclampsia with severe features/hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, low platelets (PE/HELLP) syndrome; (2) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP); and (3) complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (C-TMA; also referred to as atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome). The distinction among these three syndromes is often unclear because they share multiple clinical features. Overlap between PE/HELLP syndrome and the other two syndromes is also apparent from the fact that pregnancy can be a trigger for both TTP and C-TMA both before and after delivery and also the increased frequency of PE/HELLP syndrome in women who have recovered from TTP. When diagnostic criteria for PE/HELLP syndrome are present, management of hypertension and delivery is curative. Absence of improvement or actual progression of MAHA, thrombocytopenia, and kidney function abnormalities after delivery requires consideration of TTP and C-TMA. Minimal kidney involvement with severe thrombocytopenia suggests TTP and the need for treatment with plasma exchange; progressive kidney injury (in the absence of a cause for acute tubular necrosis) suggests C-TMA and the need for anti-complement treatment. We describe how we use these criteria to evaluate and manage pregnant/postpartum women with MAHA and thrombocytopenia.
Noninvasive assessment of extracellular and intracellular dehydration in healthy humans using the resistance-reactance–score graph method

Background Few dehydration assessment measures provide accurate information; most are based on reference change values and very few are diagnostically accurate from a single observation or measure. Bioelectrical impedance may lack the precision to detect common forms of dehydration in healthy individuals. Limitations in bioimpedance may be addressed by a unique resistance-reactance (RXc)-score graph method, which transforms vector components into z scores for use with any impedance analyzer in any population. Objective We tested whether the RXc-score graph method provides accurate single or serial assessments of dehydration when compared with gold-standard measures of total body water by using stable isotope dilution (deuterium oxide) combined with body-weight changes. Design We retrospectively analyzed data from a previous study in which 9 healthy young men participated in 3 trials: euhydration (EUH), extracellular dehydration (ED; via a diuretic), and intracellular dehydration (ID; via exercise in the heat). Results Participants lost 4-5% of their body weight during the dehydration trials; volume loss was similar between trials (ID compared with ED group: 3.5 ± 0.8 compared with 3.0 ± 0.6 L; P > 0.05). Despite significant losses of body water, most RXc vector scores for ED and ID groups were classified as "normal" (within the 75% population tolerance ellipse). However, directional displacement of vectors was consistent with loss of volume in both ED and ID conditions compared with the EUH condition and tended to be longer in ED than in ID conditions (P = 0.054). Conclusions We conclude that, whereas individual RXc-score graph values do not provide accurate detection of dehydration from single measurements, directional changes in vector values from serial measurements are consistent with fluid loss for both ED and ID conditions. The RXc-score graph method may therefore alert clinicians to changes in hydration state, which may bolster the interpretation of other recognized change measures of hydration.
Considerations in the Development of a Piezoelectric Transducer Cochlear Implant

Sensorineural hearing loss results from the inability of the inner ear cochlear organ of Corti to transduce mechanical energy incident in the cochlea to electrical signals in auditory nerve fibers. Cochlear implant devices are used to alleviate this condition. Piezoelectric materials offer the unique scope of functioning as cochlear implants, possibly enabling simplification of the process of electrical stimulation and enhancing knowledge of the workings of both the healthy and artificially stimulated inner ear. The requirements imposed on such a device are discussed. It is believed that flexible piezoelectric PVDF and ceramic-polymer composites are best suited for this application. The design of a device which utilizes the bending piezoelectric mode, and results of testing the same in air are presented. Present work is aimed at understanding the fundamental dynamic piezoelectric properties in this mode and is expected to result in a device suitable for in vitro and in vivo testing.
Finding Information about Educational Technology in the Library

Much information and research on educational technology originates outside of the university community and often in non-print media form. Gradually new information in the field is included and stored in a variety of library bibliographic sources. Because research questions in educational technology derive from our current understanding of information in the field, it is important to be clear about how that information is organized. Since information on a topic in one source leads to other sources, the way scientific literature is searched should not be random. It requires a step by step procedure that covers all sources where particular topics are treated. An example of LOGO is used to show how one topic in educational technology is referenced in the library.
High-Resolution Rovibrational Spectroscopy of Carbon Monoxide Isotopologues Isolated in Solid Parahydrogen

We report high-resolution infrared absorption spectra of six different CO isotopologues isolated in cryogenic parahydrogen (pH2) solids. These data provide a stringent test for theories of nearly free molecular rotors in crystalline solids, such as crystal field theory, rotation-translation coupling theory, and the pseudorotating cage model. A gas-phase molecule rotates about its center-of-mass (C.M.); a trapped molecule instead rotates about its "center of interaction" (C.I.) with the trapping cage, which may differ from the C.M. for heteronuclear diatomics like CO. Isotopic manipulation of CO allows the systematic variation of the C.M. relative to the C.I. We report remarkably good straight line correlation plots between the observed matrix effects and C.M. locations. Extrapolation of these lines to the limit of vanishing matrix effects yields an "experimental prediction" of the C.I. in excellent (fortuitous?) agreement with the C.I. calculated using a linear pH2-CO-pH2 toy model.
Labor Productivity in Retailing: What do we know and how do we know It?

This article is a response to the comments of Hughes and Serpkenci (1985) on Ingene (1982). The measurement model used in the 1982 article is discussed, with reference to Hughes/Serpkenci's comments, and a perspective is provided on the use of ratio variables. In light of the preceding, some of the variable/hypothesis relations are reconceptualized and redefined. Two statistical techniques are then used to estimate the determinants of labor productivity, and substantial support is found for the hypotheses. Accordingly, there is no reason to doubt the validity of the substantive interpretations contained in this and the original article.
Wireless Sensor Network Simulation Frameworks: A Tutorial Review: MATLAB\/Simulink bests the rest.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a distributed set of sensors deployed to work together for collective sensing and possible data processing. A WSN can be used to monitor environmental behavior and structural integrity in a variety of application fields, thus becoming an integral part of the consumer electronics of smart buildings in smart cities. Due to ever-increasing population growth, along with limited natural resources, smart cities are expected to be the wave of the future. For instance, WSNs are widely used in industrial settings with machine monitoring and play an important role in monitoring the structural integrity of large buildings and bridges. This article focuses on existing WSN simulation frameworks that could be integrated with realtime hardware prototypes. We analyze and compare various such simulation frameworks, and we determine a suitable simulation environment that supports specific software packages.
Early-Life Experiences: Enduring Behavioral, Neurological, and Endocrinological Consequences

Though individuals function in the present, we carry with us previous experiences that can fundamentally change how we respond physiologically and behaviorally to internal and external challenges. In this chapter, we highlight some classic and recent studies regarding how experiences neonatally and/or pubertally can influence later adult functioning. Specifically, we emphasize the role of early experience such as neonatal handling, novelty exposure, maternal deprivation, and odor-shock conditioning on immediate and long-term emotionality and cognitive abilities. As the neonatal period is not the only developmental stage when individuals are susceptible to both positive and negative influences, we also discuss how exposure to stressors during adolescence modifies later stress responsiveness and emotional behavior. Although it is clear that early-life experiences can have many enduring neurobehavioral consequences, it is important to keep in mind that much work needs to be done. Given the importance of past experiences on the future health and development of an individual, a greater appreciation and understanding of early-life experiences on enduring behavioral, neurological, and endocrinological consequences remain vital.
Muir and Pinchot in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca: Governance of forest management and forest recovery in Pueblos Mancomunados

Abstract The Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico has multiple examples of large-scale community conservation and passive forest recovery due to agricultural abandonment combined with successful forest-based community enterprises, based on both timber and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). The community of Pueblos Mancomunados (Joint Towns) in the Sierra Norte has extremely complex governance challenges and four forest-based community enterprises and additional income generating activities from wild mushroom harvesting. The community has survived internal turbulence that has pitted advocates of strict conservation versus well-managed logging, mirroring debates between John Muir and Gifford Pinchot a century earlier in the United States. Currently, the community combines the economic foundation of a subsistence economy with a sophisticated array of forest-based enterprises, now almost entirely oriented towards conservation and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). They have evolved innovative governance institutions of their own design to manage both market and community turbulence, including rules that prohibit agriculture in recovering forest areas. It is a striking example of what can happen when communities have clear rights over their forest resources, with appropriate support from government policy.
Interferon-Gamma Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome Following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a life-threatening acute noninfectious diffuse lung injury occurring after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We have recently shown that absence of STAT1 signaling in recipient APC leads to accelerated Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) and Transplant-associated mortality and morbidity after lethal irradiation in fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic or in non-irradiated P→F1 BMT models. We now addressed the impact of recipient Type II interferon signaling on the development of lung injury after allogeneic BMT using a non-irradiated P→F1 model. 1x10 7 BMCs plus 2.5x10 7 SPCs from C57BL/6 (B6) mice were i.v. injected into IFNγR-deficient CB6F1 (F1.GRKO) or CB6F1 wild type (WT) mice. F1.GRKO recipients had significantly reduced survival (MST 32 days post-BMT vs. not reached p 5 vs.4x10 4 , p + BAL cells were donor derived in the F1.GRKO recipients, compared to only 10% in the wild type recipients. Furthermore, the absolute cell number of donor CD4 + and CD8 + cells in the knockout mice significantly outnumbered that in their wild type counterparts (p -/- mice, the activation, proliferation, and differentiation status of donor lymphocytes were assessed by Flowcytometry after BMT. In line with the lung infiltration, there was significantly increased donor cell engraftment in PBMC, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow in F1.GRKO recipients (all with p high CD62L low cells), Th1 and Tc1 differentiation of donor CD4 and CD8 cells (p + T reg cell differentiation was noticed. Interestigly, we observed significantly lower PD-L1 expression on recipient APC in the F1.GRKO mice compared to wild type mice, suggesting that absence of PD-L1 expression may contribute to reduced contraction of activated donor T cells. Interestingly, in line with these findings we also observed significantly reduced PD-L1 expression when single cell suspension from lung tissues were analyzed by flow. Reduced PD-L1 expression was observed on both recipient CD45 + , and CD45 - cells in F1.GRKO when tested on day 22 post-BMT, meanwhile there was no difference in PD-L1 expression pattern in the cells isolated from small intestine. These results suggest that IFN-γ induced PD-L1 expression on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells in the lung may be of significance in protecting recipients against acute donor-cell mediated lung injury and IPS. Disclosures Lentzsch: Celgene: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Axiom: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
The Effects of Secondary Special Education Preparation in Reading: Research to Inform State Policy in a New Era

In this study, the authors present findings from a survey of 577 secondary special educators in a large Midwestern state regarding their reading pre-service and in-service teacher preparation and its effect on teachers’ sense of preparedness for teaching reading to adolescents with disabilities. Six models were fitted using multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results demonstrate the importance of two factors in preparing special educators who have a high sense of preparedness for teaching reading to adolescents with disabilities. The first is pre-service coursework that uses practice-based pedagogical approaches as opposed to passive lecture and the second is more extensive in-service professional development. The results are discussed in light of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and its delegation of teacher preparation policy to state education agencies. Implications for future research and policy in special education teacher preparation are provided.
Neurocognitive, Psychosocial, and Quality of Life Outcomes in Adult Survivors of Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the St. Jude Lifetime (SJLIFE) Cohort

Abstract Introduction: Survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for neurocognitive impairment. The pattern and degree of such impairment in childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors has not been previously assessed. Methods: Adult survivors of childhood NHL participating in the SJLIFE Cohort Study, ≥10 years from diagnosis, and ≥18 years old were recruited for neurocognitive testing, with age-adjusted z-scores compared to community controls and normative data. Cumulative treatment exposures were abstracted from medical records. Multivariable modeling, adjusting for age, gender, and time from diagnosis, was used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: 187 NHL survivors (59% of eligible) completed neurocognitive testing. Survivors were a median [range] age at diagnosis of 10 [2 - 21] years, median time from diagnosis 26 [11 - 48] years, and median age at evaluation 35 [19 - 58] years. Fifty-six (30%) received cranial radiation (CRT), 70 (37%) high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), 40 (21%) high-dose cytarabine (HD-ARAC), and 151 (81%) intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy. Survivors had full scale intelligence (mean = -0.1, SD = 1.0, range: -2.7 - 2.0), memory (mean= -0.2, SD = 1.0, range: -4.2 - 1.6), and attention (mean = 0, SD = 0.7, range: -2.5 - 1.4) within normal limits. Survivors demonstrated worse executive function, processing speed, and academics compared to community controls and normative data (Table 1). In multivariable models, there were no statistically significant associations with worse academics, processing speed, executive function and behavior rating and CRT, HD-MTX, HD-ARAC, or IT chemotherapy. Survivors reported more depression and somatization compared to community controls (p's Conclusions: Adult survivors of childhood NHL experience impaired neurocognitive function, mental health, and quality of life, which at 26 years post-diagnosis is not related to original treatment exposures. Associations between impairment and chronic health conditions should be explored. Download : Download high-res image (159KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Improving educational and financial effectiveness through innovation: A case study of Southern New Hampshire University’s College for America

Abstract This article explores an innovative student-centric learning model to more fully understand the compatibility of education quality improvement and sustainability. More specifically, this paper discusses findings from qualitative, case study research that investigates Southern New Hampshire University’s direct assessment competency-based education model: College for America. Competency-based education asserts the value of its credentials through the assurance of proficiency in employer-defined competencies and adherence to academically rigorous quality standards. Through mission-driven integration of principles of disruptive innovation in the strategic development of College for America, SNHU has realized a learning model with significant implications for students, employers, and institutional sustainability. The findings of this study suggest it is possible and advantageous for institutions to balance academic and business perspectives in the pursuit of educational and financial effectiveness.
Psychiatric admission in adolescent transgender patients: A case series.

Abstract Gender dysphoria is defined as a marked incongruence between one's natal gender and gender identity that causes significant distress. It may be present in children but often fades prior to puberty. Gender dysphoria is more likely to persist into adulthood when present in adolescents. Due to the common occurrence of psychiatric comorbidities, gender dysphoria is a contributing factor leading to outpatient and inpatient psychiatric care in children and adolescents. There is currently limited available literature on psychiatric hospitalization and management in transgender adolescents. A PubMed search revealed no case reports regarding psychiatric admission for transgender adolescents with comorbid anxiety, depression, or suicidal ideation. Due to the lack of literature related to psychiatric management of transgender adolescent patients, this case series briefly describes the past medical history, pharmacotherapy, and discharge diagnoses of 5 transgender adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychia...
Influence of pretreatment stresses on inhibitory effects of ferulic acid, an allelopathic phenolic acid

Experiments were conducted to determine the potential for acclimation (i.e., increased tolerance) to allelopathic phenolic acids resulting from pretreatment of seedlings with allelochemical (ferulic acid), drought, or nutrient stress. Cucumber seedlings were exposed to pretreatment stresses in a nutrient culture system for nine days, starting with day 3. Seedlings were subsequently treated for 5 hr with 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 mM ferulic acid. Acclimation (tolerance) was quantified by percentage inhibition of net phosphorus uptake. Seedlings grown with ferulic acid or drought pretreatment stresses were more tolerant to subsequent ferulic acid treatments (i.e., inhibition of net phosphorus uptake by ferulic acid was reduced). Nutrient pretreatment stress eliminated the inhibitory activity of ferulic acid on net phosphorus uptake. The results suggest that a general acclimation response to a variety of pretreatment stresses can confer an increased tolerance of plants to allelopathic phenolic acids such as ferulic acid.
A Janus View: J. P. Das’s Ideas in Retrospect and Prospect

A Festschrift is an opportunity to reflect on and honor the achievements of a respected academic scholar. J. P. Das is certainly such a person. To understand his contributions, one needs to put them in a historic context. Accordingly, we first comment on the contributions of two major figures who provided the basis for Das’s programmatic research agenda: Alexander Luria (1902–1977) and Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934). We follow this with illustrations of Das’s work on the assessment of cognitive functions and educational intervention/remediation programs, drawing on work that one of us (JC) and Das did collaboratively. Finally, we consider what Das’s research focus and the PASS model might look like if it were just now being developed.
Chapter 1 – The Quiet Revolution: Where Did You Come From?

Through stories we explore the term culture and what is meant by the term indigenous. The author is an agricultural scientist devoted to production and preservation of food, and interested in the intersection of food, health, and culture. She introduces herself in an atypical manner for an academician trained in Western science and in so doing illustrates how one should answer the question: Where are you from? The author explains the importance of sharing one’s cultural origins and recognizing the origins of one’s colleagues, students, share with those with whom one works and interacts. The terms ethnocentric and ethno-relative are introduced and illustrated. The book is divided into three parts for reader’s ease: Fundamentals of the Culture and Agriculture Relationship; Listening in and Between Communities; and Bridging the Gap Between Food and Agricultural Sciences and the Humanities and Social Sciences. After explaining her origins, the author summarizes her experience and shares her advice as follows for fellow scientists, administrators, policy makers, and anyone working in the food and agricultural sciences. “Into my classrooms and interactions with students, I bring a strong dose of African sense. Thirty-three years I have struggled as a person of Western culture origins to understand sub-Saharan Africa while building long-term relationships with Africans and helping other outsiders understand the wealth of Africa. A quarter century ago, I began a similar learning odyssey with the Native American Plains people of the Northern Rockies. Some of these students took my courses and some were awarded assistantships to work in my research laboratory at Montana State University (MSU). Some of these Native Americans traveled with me and other faculty to Africa. Seven of the Africans moved to Bozeman, Montana, for 2 years. During those years, from both African and Native American colleagues, students, and other friends from these cultures, I learned a similar lesson: know where you have come from and listen to hear where your students, colleagues, administrators, and policy makers you interact with have come from.”
A mixed-integer programming strategy for liquid helium global supply chain planning

Abstract The global supply chain for liquid helium presents a complex structure due to increasing foreign demand, elaborate recovery techniques, and costly forms of distribution. Although the problem contains parallels to the liquid natural gas supply chain, supply requirements and problem-specific network constraints require a unique optimization model. We develop a large-scale, discrete time, path-based integer-programming model which solves optimally with CPLEX. Computational results implementing a rolling horizon structure and testing based on historical data are presented. A detailed sensitivity analysis demonstrates the effective use of our model, testing a variety of realistic parameter settings for the liquid helium supply chain.
Adaptation to Future Risks in Coastal Megacities — New York City Case Study: Local Assessment and Survey Findings in Water Front Neighborhoods

Risk management regimes develop as stakeholders attempt to reduce vulnerability to hazards and limit the damage and disruption from disasters. Urban coastal regions are often hotspots of climate ch...
Stigma and the public health agenda for the opioid crisis in America

The current opioid crisis in the U.S. is unprecedented and calling for a nationwide reorganization of the public health prevention program. Stigma is a persistent barrier to this agenda, unfortunately with a limited body of research on substance use disorder (SUD) available to inform it. We review the broader research literature on the stigma of behavioral health (i.e., mental illness and SUD) to identify strategies to address the opioid crisis and harmful stigma. A major difference between mental illness and SUD stigma is that the latter is legally and socially sanctioned. In making sense of the behavioral strategies for stigma change, we consider three agendas for stigma prevention (prevention, rights, and self-worth). We suggest that incorporating the rights and the self-worth agendas with an in vivo focused contact model, might be most effective for an integrative strategy aimed at targeting opioid stigma. Involving people in recovery as key drivers of this agenda and evaluating the detrimental impact of using stigma as a health tool (social sanction), will bring new horizons to solving this deadly epidemic.