cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TOTAL ENERGY INTAKE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSES

Associations between intake of specific nutrients and disease cannot be considered primary effects of diet if they are simply the result of differences between cases and noncases in body size, physical activity, and metabolic efficiency. Epidemiologic studies of diet and disease should therefore be directed at the effect of nutrient intakes independent of total caloric intake in most instances. This is not accomplished with nutrient density measures of dietary intake but can be achieved by employing nutrient intakes adjusted for caloric intake by regression analysis. While pitfalls in the manipulation and interpretation of energy intake data in epidemiologic studies have been emphasized, these considerations also highlight the usefulness of obtaining a measurement of total caloric intake. For instance, if a questionnaire obtained information on only cholesterol intake in a study of coronary heart disease, it is possible that no association with disease would be found even if a real positive effect of a high cholesterol diet existed, since the caloric intake of cases is likely to be less than that of noncases. Such a finding could be appropriately interpreted if an estimate of total caloric intake were available. The relationships between dietary factors and disease are complex. Even with carefully collected measures of intake, consideration of the biologic implications of various analytic approaches is needed to avoid misleading conclusions.
Tunnel field-effect transistors - status and prospects

This paper reviews recent progress in the development of tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) [1–5] toward achieving channel currents comparable to high performance MOSFETs at supply voltages less than 0.5 V and subthreshold swing less than 60 mV/decade, for logic applications. To enable high performance in TFETs, development of narrow bandgap III–V and graphene nanoribbon (GNR) channels is indicated. Beyond the switch, the tunnel junction could provide enhanced functionality and new ways to integrate logic and memory [6].
Effects of aerobic exercise on energy metabolism in the hypertensive rat heart.

Background and Purpose. In order to explore the possible effects of physical therapy interventions on patients with hypertension, we evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise training on myocardial energy metabolism in an animal model of hypertension. Subjects. We used 36 female spontaneously hypertensive rats (rats with genetically induced hypertension) and 12 normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Methods. The normotensive rats were sedentary and formed the CONsed group. The spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (12 rats per group). Hypertensive rats that were sedentary formed the HTNsed group, those that received 8 weeks of exercise training formed the HTN×8 group, and those that received 16 weeks of exercise training formed the HTN×16 group. We measured systolic blood pressure, heart wet weight, maximal activities of cardiac energy metabolism enzymes, glucose transporter content, and total concentrations of protein, glycogen, and triglyceride. Results. Systolic blood pressure was greater than 200 mm Hg in the CONsed group at the time of testing. Exercise training modestly (∼11–18 mm Hg) lowered blood pressure in the HTN×8 and HTN×16 groups. Fatty acid enzyme activity was greater in the CONsed group than in the HTNsed and HTN×8 groups, but activity was roughly equivalent between the CONsed group and the HTN×16 group. Glucose enzyme activity was greater in the HTN×16 group than in the CONsed group and the HTNsed group. Intracellular glycogen concentration was greater in the HTN×8 group than in the HTNsed group. Discussion and Conclusion. Results of this study suggest that aerobic exercise training may help to normalize cardiac energy metabolism in mammals with hypertension.
Restructuring the Hierarchy of Needs: A Case for Sound Governance in the Middle East

Abraham Maslow constructed a hierarchal structure that resembles a pyramid and positioned human needs within this structure. He placed basic human needs for food and shelter at the bottom of the pyramid. Then, he placed security and safety as the next stage in the structure. However, one cannot move to the second step until he has secured access to the first stage. The third stage in the hierarchal structure is preserved to sentiments and belonging. A person who had secured stages one and two in the hierarchal order can now move to this third stage. The progression in the hierarchal order of needs continues, until one reaches the final stage in the pyramid: achieving self-actualization. Progression through needs, according to Maslow, is bottom-up, moving upward through stages that start with attaining physiological needs, moving upward until reaching self-actualization.
Smart Selection

Natural touch interfaces, common now in devices such as tablets and smartphones, make it cumbersome for users to select text. There is a need for a new text selection paradigm that goes beyond the high acuity selection-by-mouse that we have relied on for decades. In this paper, we introduce such a paradigm, called Smart Selection, which aims to recover a user’s intended text selection from her touch input. We model the problem using an ensemble learning approach, which leverages multiple linguistic analysis techniques combined with information from a knowledge base and aWeb graph. We collect a dataset of true intended user selections and simulated user touches via a large-scale crowdsourcing task, which we release to the academic community. We show that our model effectively addresses the smart selection task and significantly outperforms various baselines and standalone linguistic analysis techniques.
Peer Academic Rankings and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale

Two studies are used to evaluate children's ability to rank their peers' academic achievement, their own achievement, and to see how these rankings relate to children's academic self-concept. Analysis shows that elementary-school aged children can accurately rank the achievement of their peers and themselves. Also peers' rankings for academic achievement interact significantly with children's academic self-concepts. Self-rankings and actual achievement do not. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering peers when evaluating a child.
Nucleation and Pattern Formation of Coherent Islands During Epitaxial Growth of Ge on Si(110) Surfaces

Molecular beam epitaxial growth of Ge on Si(110) surfaces reveals interesting aspects of the heterogeneous nucleation of coherent Ge islands. Cleaning of the Si substrate by desorption of a passivating oxide layer at high temperature creates surface pits. Two sets of experiments, including deposition of Ge on as-cleaned substrates, and surfaces with a thin Si buffer layer are compared to illustrate the nucleation behavior of Ge. Typical Ge deposition temperatures range from 600°C to 725°C. For Ge deposition on as-cleaned surfaces, the faceted edges of pits serve as preferential sites for the heterogeneous nucleation of coherent Ge islands. Experiments were also performed on surfaces with thin (∼20nm) Si buffer layers grown on the as-cleaned surface. Though the faceted pits have not been completely covered by the Si buffer layer, they have decreased in lateral size. In addition, the Si(110) surface shows ledges that are formed along specific crystallographic directions. Ge deposited on the Si buffer nucleates first at the corners of the pits, in an interesting dipole orientation, as well as along the ledges on the surface.
Oral lichen planus and squamous carcinoma: case report and update of the literature.

Abstract A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue arising in the plaque form of oral lichen planus is presented. The literature on lichen planus is reviewed with emphasis upon the malignant transformation.
Preparation and Performance of Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Coating

Biomimetic lotus-like superhydrophobic coating was successfully prepared on carbon steel by introducing hydrophobic surfactants and microscale particles of calcium carbonate into epoxy phenolic resin. The microstructure and wetting behavior of the coating were studied by using a scanning electron microscope and contact-angle measurement system. Results show that as-prepared coating has papilla structure, which is similar to that of lotus leaves. The coating had a large water contact angle, showing good hydrophobicity.
Re-tain-o-logy: A Comprehensive Model for the Development of Early-Warning and Student Retention Systems

In the past several years, student retention has become a major topic of interest in academic circles. The discussion has become even more intricate due to economic and legislative pressures, and administrative directives. As a result, many universities have started to look toward solutions for identifying and reaching out to at-risk students. In this paper, we will discuss a homegrown early-warning and retention system known as IU-RETAIN which was initiated at Indiana University South Bend in 2007. Contrary to many university IT systems that are developed and operated by the university IT services, the IU-RETAIN system was designed and built by and for faculty and has been in use since 2007. The system has been quite successful in serving approximately 8,700 students per semester. Voluntary faculty participation was at 81% during the spring semester of 2011. More importantly, overall campus retention numbers have significantly improved.
Financial implications of hospital response to bioterrorism based on diagnosis-related group analysis.

Introduction:During an infectious disease outbreak, the ability of a hospital to continue routine operations depends upon its ability to absorb expected losses in revenue when the routine charge base is replaced by infectious disease-related charges.Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the probable financial impact of a bioterrorism event or an infectious disease outbreak on an academic and a community hospital.Methods:During the fiscal year 01 July 2002–30 June 2003, the average number of inpatient charges identified by the diagnosis-related-groups (DRGs) of an academic, tertiary care, Level-1 trauma center (PUH) and a community hospital (StM) were obtained retrospectively. Per diem charges were determined for patients with: (1) gastroenteritis; (2) sepsis; (3) meningitis; (4) tuberculosis (TB); and (5) pneumonia. These charges were used to simulate the financial coding of patients exposed to biological agents.Results:The total average PUH per diem charges per patient for all 31,530 discharges was (US)$356) for pneumonia (net loss/gain in parenthesis).Conclusions:Through DRG analysis, the probable financial impact of a bioterrorist attack on a Health Care Delivery System is largely detrimental. Preparedness for a biological event must include an assessment of hospital capability and capacity to handle these types of patients, but also must consider the financial ability to absorb expected losses in charges or ways in which to recover the losses.
Staging Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Carcinoma of the Prostate: Risk Versus Benefit

AbstractA total of 125 patients underwent limited staging lymphadenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Of these patients 19 per cent with clinical stage B1 disease, 52 per cent with clinical stage B2 disease and 59 per cent with clinical stage C disease had positive nodes. There was 1 death secondary to myocardial infarction and postoperative complications occurred in 7.2 per cent of the 125 patients. Limited staging pelvic node dissection provides information regarding nodal dissection similar to that identified after more extensive dissection and it can be accomplished with little morbidity.
Mothers' empowerment and father involvement in child health care in Bangladesh

Abstract With the advent of a couple-approach to health, particularly in the arena of reproductive health and child health, father involvement in child health care has become an important focus of preventative health. This study assesses the association between mothers' empowerment variables and father involvement in childcare in Bangladesh using data from a subsample of 903 women from the Couples Dataset of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Father involvement in child health care was measured as a count variable enumerating the number of specific events during which the father was present: child's last doctor's visit, child's immunization, and birth. Poisson regression was conducted to assess the association between empowerment and demographic variables and father involvement. Results indicated that mothers' household decision-making power and age above 45 years, and fathers' age, fathers' education, and family wealth were significantly associated with father involvement. The study concludes that older and more educated fathers with family wealth and whose wives denied having household decision-making power were more likely to be involved in their children's lives than their counterparts.
Using Chemical Genomics to Study Cell Wall Formation and Cell Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and Penium margaritaceum

Abstract The cell wall is directly involved in cell growth, and its ability to loosen and rearrange allows for cell expansion through the existing turgor pressure. Thus, information on cell wall deposition and rearrangement can provide insights into the overall plant growth. This chapter describes two methods that can be used to evaluate cell expansion (1) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and (2) the model alga Penium margaritaceum. These methods are further used to screen for small molecules that induce cell growth phenotypic changes affecting cell wall. Identification of such small molecules is beneficial due to their posttranslational mechanism of action that can be controlled in a temporal and spatial manner. Chemical genomics has the ability to overcome issues of genetic redundancy and lethality, which can hinder traditional genetic methods. The identification of small molecules in these screens will provide useful information on plant cell wall biology and overall plant growth.
Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: What We Know in 2016

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is an immune and nonimmune-mediated process in which heart transplantation patients develop neointimal proliferative hyperplasia of the coronary arteries, typically starting distally and resulting in diffuse luminal narrowing. Risk factors include traditional coronary risk factors often resulting from side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, infection by cytomegalovirus and rejection, particularly antibody-mediated. Despite the advent of effective immunosuppression, CAV remains the primary cause of long-term mortality for heart transplant recipients. Patients undergo routine protocol surveillance for CAV after transplant, and various noninvasive and invasive diagnostic approaches can be employed in suspected CAV. Therapy is aimed primarily at prevention, given the incurable nature of CAV. The mainstay preventive therapies include statins and anti-proliferative immunosuppressive agents. In patients who develop CAV, treatment includes percutaneous coronary intervention and even retransplantation as CAV can result in irreversible systolic dysfunction and/or restrictive cardiomyopathy. This critical review aims to summarize our current knowledge of risk factors, diagnostic strategies, and therapy for CAV in heart transplant patients.
Estrogen Drives Cellular Transformation and Mutagenesis in Cells Expressing the Breast Cancer-Associated R438W DNA Polymerase Lambda Protein.

Repair of DNA damage is critical for maintaining the genomic integrity of cells. DNA polymerase lambda (POLL/Pol λ) is suggested to function in base excision repair (BER) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ), and is likely to play a role in damage tolerance at the replication fork. Here, using next-generation sequencing, it was discovered that the POLL rs3730477 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding R438W Pol λ was significantly enriched in the germlines of breast cancer patients. Expression of R438W Pol λ in human breast epithelial cells induces cellular transformation and chromosomal aberrations. The role of estrogen was assessed as it is commonly used in hormone replacement therapies and is a known breast cancer risk factor. Interestingly, the combination of estrogen treatment and the expression of the R438W Pol λ SNP drastically accelerated the rate of transformation. Estrogen exposure produces 8-oxoguanine lesions that persist in cells expressing R438W Pol λ compared with wild-type (WT) Pol λ–expressing cells. Unlike WT Pol λ, which performs error-free bypass of 8-oxoguanine lesions, expression of R438W Pol λ leads to an increase in mutagenesis and replicative stress in cells treated with estrogen. Together, these data suggest that individuals who carry the rs3730477 POLL germline variant have an increased risk of estrogen-associated breast cancer. Implications: The Pol λ R438W mutation can serve as a biomarker to predict cancer risk and implicates that treatment with estrogen in individuals with this mutation may further increase their risk of breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1068–77. ©2016 AACR.
Performance of First 90 T Insert Magnet for US-DOE 100 T Multi-Shot Pulsed Magnet Program

The first phase of the US-DOE 100 T multi-shot pulsed magnet program has now been completed. The initial program goals were a non-destructive millisecond-scale 90 T pulse magnet system to support scientific research in high magnetic fields. Two magnet subsystems comprise the magnet: a nested array of seven generator-driven coils that produce 41.6 T in a 225 mm bore; and a capacitor-driven 15 mm bore "insert" magnet that produces 50.9 T inside the outer coil set. The US-DOE 100 T Multi-shot (MS) Pulsed Magnet Program is collaboration between US-DOE engineering teams at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the US-NSF engineering team at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory located in Tallahassee Florida. The US-DOE is responsible for the systems integration and the development of the generator driven outer coil set. The US-NSF is responsible for the development and production of the capacitor driven insert magnet. The 90 T MS system is now in the commissioning phase of operations. This paper presents a review of the magnet design, operational performance data, and the developments required for the 50.9 T insert magnet. Technology for the 90 T insert evolved from a series of prototype magnets build to access engineering concepts and materials, and gain experience operating insert-like coils at the same temperature, stress, and strain regime as will ultimately be encountered at 100 T. We will access the performance of the 90 T insert in the context of the prototype development program and the requirements for future 100 T operations on the millisecond time scale.
Robustness in Bayesian nonparametrics

We consider Bayesian robustness in the context of Bayesian Nonparametrics, and specifically for the Dirichlet Process prior. We show how to find an optimal procedure, based on C-minimax posterior regret (CMPR) for a class of priors C. We consider regret based on squared error loss. The neighborhood classes considered are the density ratio (DR) class and the epsilon-contamination class. We find optimal robust estimators in a Nonparametric Bayesian setting.Minimax (with respect to a class of priors) posterior regret is the optimality criterion.We consider density ratio classes and epsilon-contamination classes.
Role of the inflammasome in acetaminophen-induced liver injury and acute liver failure

Drug-induced acute liver failure carries a high morbidity and mortality rate. Acetaminophen overdose is the number one cause of acute liver failure and remains a major problem in Western medicine. Administration of N-acetyl cysteine is an effective antidote when given before the initial rise in toxicity; however, many patients present to the hospital after this stage occurs. As such, treatments which can alleviate late-stage acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure are imperative. While the initial mechanisms of toxicity are well described, a debate has recently occurred in the literature over whether there is a second phase of injury, mediated by inflammatory processes. Critical to this potential inflammatory process is the activation of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β by a molecular complex known as the inflammasome. Several different stimuli for the formation of multiple different inflammasome complexes have been identified. Formation of the NACHT, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and pyrin (PYD) domains-containing protein 3 (Nalp3) inflammasome in particular, has directly been attributed to late-stage acetaminophen toxicity. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice and man with a particular focus on the role of inflammation and the inflammasome.
Bridging research and practice: models for dissemination and implementation research.

Context: Theories and frameworks (hereafter called models) enhance dissemination and implementation (DI (2) synthesizing this information; and (3) providing guidance on how to select a model to inform study design and execution. Evidence acquisition: This review began with commonly cited models and model developers and used snowball sampling to collect models developed in any year from journal articles, presentations,
The Phenomenology of Movement Disorders

Although advances in neuropathology and molecular genetics provide increasingly more complex classification schemes for the conditions we define as movement disorders, it is the phenomenological clues that should guide a clinician’s initial impression and tailored work-up of an individual patient. Indeed, the characteristics of the abnormal movement provide a framework upon which to construct a differential diagnosis, guide ancillary testing, and consider therapeutic interventions. Movement disorders emerge by impairments in planning, controlling, or executing movement [1] and are classically divided into those causing an excess of movement (hyperkinetic) or a paucity of voluntary and automatic movements (hypokinetic) [2]. The label of “movement disorder” can refer to the specific phenomenology of a movement (e.g., dystonia) or to a syndrome combining several different abnormal movements (e.g., Huntington’s disease which can contain chorea, dystonia, etc). We will focus this chapter on the former, the characterization of the phenomenology of individual movements, in order to provide the basic building blocks upon which to define the more complex syndromes detailed in subsequent chapters.
Moving beyond subcutaneous insulin: the application of adjunctive therapies to the treatment of type 1 diabetes.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: With the discovery of insulin nearly a century ago, the diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) transformed from a death sentence to a chronic medical condition. Despite the advances that have been made, the vast majority of those living with T1D still struggle to achieve targeted control. Yet, a plethora of agents have been developed to treat those with Type 2 Diabetes. Exploration of how these agents may benefit those with T1D has been an area of intense investigation, especially due to the overweight/obesity epidemic, which now afflicts more than 60% of those living with T1D.Areas covered: This review focuses on agents that have been utilized, including inhaled insulin preparations, pramlintide, metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, and dual SGLT1/2 inhibitors. Furthermore, with approval of the first hybrid closed loop (CL) system, the development of dual hormone CL systems is being e...
Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training: Treatment of Overeating and Obesity

Abstract Obesity affects more than one-third of American adults and has recently been recognized as a disease by the American Medical Association. Interventions that incorporate mindfulness meditation, with a goal of increasing self-regulation, are well suited to the complexities of the behavioral, physiological, emotional, and cognitive dysregulation observed in overeating. This chapter describes Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training (MB-EAT), an intervention for overeating and obesity. Mindfulness practices develop the capacity for self-directed attention to hunger and satiety as well as emotional, social, and environmental triggers for eating. Self-acceptance, body awareness, and mindful knowledge of diet and nutrition are cultivated. This chapter describes the MB-EAT program, including its theoretical foundations, empirical support, and practical issues that arise in implementing the intervention. A case study illustrates the typical course of treatment.
MATERNAL SIROLIMUS THERAPY FOR GIANT OBSTRUCTIVE FETAL CARDIAC RHABDOMYOMAS

Cardiac rhabdomyoma is the most common fetal cardiac tumor. Treatment with mTOR inhibitors have had success in postnatal patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). No reports exist using maternal-sirolimus therapy (MST) for fetal rhabdomyoma. A fetus with progressive giant cardiac rhabdomyomas
Impact of database quality in knowledge-based treatment planning for prostate cancer.

Abstract Purpose This article investigates dose-volume prediction improvements in a common knowledge-based planning (KBP) method using a Pareto plan database compared with using a conventional, clinical plan database. Methods and materials Two plan databases were created using retrospective, anonymized data of 124 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) prostate cancer patients. The clinical plan database (CPD) contained planning data from each patient's clinically treated VMAT plan, which were manually optimized by various planners. The multicriteria optimization database (MCOD) contained Pareto-optimal plan data from VMAT plans created using a standardized multicriteria optimization protocol. Overlap volume histograms, incorporating fractional organ at risk volumes only within the treatment fields, were computed for each patient and used to match new patient anatomy to similar database patients. For each database patient, CPD and MCOD KBP predictions were generated for D 10 , D 30 , D 50 , D 65 , and D 80 of the bladder and rectum in a leave-one-out manner. Prediction achievability was evaluated through a replanning study on a subset of 31 randomly selected database patients using the best KBP predictions, regardless of plan database origin, as planning goals. Results MCOD predictions were significantly lower than CPD predictions for all 5 bladder dose-volumes and rectum D 50 ( P = .004) and D 65 ( P 10 ( P = .005) and D 30 ( P 10 of bladder ( P = .03) and rectum ( P = .04). Compared with clinical plans, replans showed significant average reductions in D mean for bladder (7.8 Gy; P P Conclusion KBP dose-volume predictions derived from Pareto plans were more optimal overall than those resulting from manually optimized clinical plans, which significantly improved KBP-assisted plan quality. Summary This work investigates how the plan quality of knowledge databases affects the performance and achievability of dose-volume predictions from a common knowledge-based planning approach for prostate cancer. Bladder and rectum dose-volume predictions derived from a database of standardized Pareto-optimal plans were compared with those derived from clinical plans manually designed by various planners. Dose-volume predictions from the Pareto plan database were significantly lower overall than those from the clinical plan database, without compromising achievability.
Rhetorical Distinctions in Augustine's Early and Later Writing

This article seeks to view Augustine9s early work as a form of revelatory rhetoric where the aim is to define and express the nature of the divine. This aim contrasts with Augustine9s post-ordination work where the aim is more deliberative in nature through a language that instructs and moves his audience. While the contexts and rhetorical purposes of these eras are distinct, there is a continuity in terms of Augustine9s theology. I argue that it is Augustine9s rhetorical context that distinguishes his early and later work through an analysis of De libero arbitrio .
Pediatric elective therapeutic procedure complications: A multicenter cohort analysis.

Background and aim Current understanding of specific, therapeutic procedure-associated complications in pediatric patients remains limited. This study aims to determine the frequency of significant complications in pediatric age-range subjects following the principal therapeutic endoscopic procedures. Methods This study used retrospective multi-institutional, ICD-9-CM, Clinical Transaction Classification, and Current Procedural Terminology based database (Pediatric Hospital Information System) analysis. This study included demographic, chronic comorbidity, procedure type, and post-procedure outcomes defined through mortality, unplanned direct admission, emergency room, and inpatient admission and inpatient therapeutic events. Results During the study period, 18 018 patients underwent therapeutic endoscopy; 132 required direct (0.16%) or emergency room/inpatient (0.58%) admission within 5 days following the procedure; mortality was 0.01%. Most (50.75%) complications presented on the day of or 1 day post-procedure. Hispanic race and coexisting chronic comorbidities, especially gastrointestinal conditions, were identified risk factors for significant complications. Endoscopic dilatation and variceal ablation were most frequently associated with complications. Abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and esophageal stricture were the most common diagnoses: 9.0% required intravenous antibiotics, 36.63% underwent chest imaging, 27.27% abdominal imaging, and 0.75% required blood transfusion. Readmission following esophageal dilatation was most likely to result in prolonged admission. Conclusion In the pediatric population undergoing therapeutic endoscopy in the ambulatory setting, significant postoperative complications resulting in unplanned admission are rare. Complications can be anticipated in medically frail patients especially with gastrointestinal chronic illness. Procedures involving variceal ablation and esophageal dilatation entail the highest risk.
Pool boiling in deep and shallow vessels and the effect of surface nano-texture and self-rewetting.

Abstract Pool boiling of ethanol and self-rewetting fluids on bare copper surface and copper surface with polymer nanofibers were studied experimentally. No significant effect of the depths of ethanol layer on the heat removal rate was found. That indicates that only the heat transfer in the liquid microlayer near the heater surface is a dominant factor. As a result, one can expect that self-rewetting fluids can significantly affect boiling performance. Accordingly, several alcohol solutions including the self-rewetting ones were investigated as working fluids in the boiling chamber. It was found that at the 0.1% (v/v) concentration, only the high carbon-alcohol, n-heptanol in aqueous solution, improved boiling heat transfer considerably. Furthermore, the experimental study of the effect of surface nano-texture on boiling characteristics was undertaken. For that aim, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were deposited onto the copper heater surface. Measurements of the boiling curve revealed a detrimental effect of such nano-texture in the case of such working fluids as ethanol and self-rewetting n-heptanol solutions. On the other hand, when polystyrene (PS) nanofibers were deposited onto the copper heater surface instead of PAN nanofibers, a significant improvement in boiling heat transfer was observed. The more hydrophobic nature of PS compared to copper is responsible for this effect, i.e. is the reason of the heat transfer enhancement on such a nano-textured surface compared to the pure copper one. In addition, the critical heat flux in the case of n-heptanol solution was found to be reduced considerably on the PS nano-textured surface compared to the pure copper one. This stems from the increased propensity of the heater surface to be covered by vapor, while the rewetting is insufficiently effective at high heat fluxes in presence of PS nanofibers.
Optimal Dynamic Continuous Manufacturing of Pharmaceuticals with Recycle

Continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals is challenged by short campaigns due to the low volume of some products. This calls for optimization of the entire dynamic campaign to achieve the highes...
Large-Scale Assessments, Personalized Learning, and Creativity: Paradoxes and Possibilities:

Purpose:This article, based on an invited talk, aims to explore the relationship among large-scale assessments, creativity and personalized learning.Design/Approach/Methods:Starting with the workin...
Written Versus Verbal Food Insecurity Screening in One Primary Care Clinic

Abstract Objective Clinics are increasingly interested in identifying food insecurity (FI), but there are limited data on how to implement FI screening. Our objective was to determine the difference in FI disclosure rates by parents/guardians screened by a written questionnaire compared to verbally. Methods The study occurred in 1 pediatric primary care clinic in which we screened for FI using the 2-item Hunger Vital Sign. We used interrupted time series to evaluate the effect of changing from the clinician verbal screening to a written questionnaire. Screening results were extracted for all well-child visits from 4/2017 to 10/2018 for children age 0 to 18 years. The outcome was the proportion who screened positive for FI 9 months before and 9 months after the implementation of the written questionnaire. We estimated the difference in the level and trend of positive screens using ordinary least squares regression using Newey-West standard errors and adjusting for autocorrelation. Results In 7996 well-child visits, 1141 patients (14.3%) screened positive. In bivariate analysis, there was a significant difference in the FI disclosure rates between patients screened by written questionnaire compared to verbally (16.3% vs 10.4%, P Discussion Multiple barriers exist to effectively implementing FI screening in clinical care. Changing from a verbal to a written questionnaire resulted in an immediate and significant increase in the number of parents/guardians who reported FI.
Neurological Complications of Syphilis

Syphilis is a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (hereafter T. pallidum) which causes approximately 6 million new infections annually worldwide. It is relevant to neurologists because T. pallidum can invade the central nervous system and cause neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis can occur at any time after primary infection. In early syphilis, neurosyphilis can be asymptomatic or can present with meningitis, stroke, and/or cranial neuropathies. In late syphilis, neurosyphilis typically presents as dementia or sensory ataxia. The exact prevalence of neurosyphilis is largely unknown worldwide, but neurosyphilis has become more common in the setting of the HIV epidemic as individuals with HIV and syphilis co-infection seem to develop neurosyphilis at higher rates than HIV-uninfected individuals. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis requires serological evidence of syphilis and compatible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities. The diagnosis is not straightforward as the CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, the gold standard diagnostic test for neurosyphilis, is only 30–70% sensitive. Treatment for neurosyphilis involves 10–14 days of high-dose penicillin, and treatment for uncomplicated syphilis will not adequately treat most cases of neurosyphilis. The pathophysiology of neurosyphilis involves humoral immune responses, at least partially driven by CXCL-13 mechanisms. However, why some individuals with syphilis develop neurosyphilis and others do not is incompletely understood but likely relates to both pathogen factors (i.e. strain type) and host factors (e.g. polymorphisms in genes regulating immune response to the infection and host immune status).
An application of convolutional neural network for deterioration modeling of highway bridge components in the United States

This paper presents a deep learning-aided deterioration modeling approach for highway bridge components (i.e., decks, superstructures, and substructures). The method trains a set of deep learning m...
Feasibility and Effectiveness of the Web-Based WeActive and WeMindful Interventions on Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being.

This study is aimed at examining the feasibility and effectiveness of aerobic and resistance training (WeActive) and mindful exercise (WeMindful) interventions in improving physical activity (PA), psychological well-being (PWB), and subjective vitality among college students. Participants in this study were 77 college students who were randomly assigned to either the WeActive group (n = 43) or the WeMindful group (n = 28). The WeActive group attended two 30-minute aerobic and resistance training sessions per week, and the WeMindful group attended two 30-minute yoga and mindful exercise sessions per week for eight weeks. All participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index, and the Subjective Vitality Scale before and after the intervention, as well as the Assessing Feasibility and Acceptability Questionnaire at the end of the intervention. The primary study outcome measures were PA, PWB, and subjective vitality. A repeated-measures ANCOVA indicated a significant main effect of time for total PA (F = 7.89, p = 0.006, I· 2 = 0.049), vigorous PA (F = 5.36, p = 0.024, I· 2 = 0.022), and walking (F = 7.34, p = 0.009, I· 2 = 0.042) in both intervention groups. There was a significant interaction effect of time and group for PWB (F = 11.26, p = 0.001, I· 2 = 0.022), where the WeActive group experienced a decrease in PWB scores while participants in the WeMindful group experienced an increase in PWB scores over time. There was a main effect of group for subjective vitality (F = 8.91, p = 0.007, I· 2 = 0.088), indicating that the WeMindful group experienced a greater increase in subjective vitality than the WeActive group. Further, the participants in both groups indicated that the synchronized and asynchronized Zoom-based WeActive and WeMindful interventions were acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for participants. This study demonstrated that mindful exercise is effective in increasing PA, PWB, and subjective vitality while aerobic and resistance training may only be effective in increasing PA.
A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate ISIS-TTRRx in Patients with Transthyretin Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (TTR-FAP): Study Design and Baseline Demographics (S50.006)

Objective: A Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of ISIS-TTR Rx in patients with TTR-FAP is currently ongoing. ISIS-TTR Rx is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) inhibitor of TTR protein production. ISIS-TTR Rx binds to the TTR mRNA resulting in the degradation of the mRNA, thus preventing production of the TTR protein. ISIS-TTR Rx inhibits the production of wild-type TTR as well as all known TTR mutations. It is hypothesized that reduction of circulating levels of TTR (both wild-type and mutant) will slow or halt disease progression. Background: TTR-FAP is a rare hereditary disorder caused by mutations in the TTR protein which destabilize the liver derived TTR protein, causing it to dissociate and form fibril deposits in multiple tissues. The predominant clinical manifestation is a progressive sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy. The worldwide prevalence of TTR-FAP has been estimated at approximately 10,000 patients. Design/Methods: The ongoing ISIS-TTR Rx Phase 3 study will enroll 195 patients randomized 2:1 to receive ISIS-TTR Rx or placebo for a period of 15 months. The study drug is administered once weekly as a single subcutaneous injection. Results: To date, subjects with 22 different TTR mutations have been enrolled. Approximately 70[percnt] of patients are Stage 1 and 30[percnt] are Stage 2, the average baseline NIS score is ~42 and roughly 2/3 of patients have been previously treated with either Tafamidis or Diflunisal. Approximately 1/2 of the enrolled patients have cardiomyopathy with a baseline LV wall thickness 蠅13 mm. Blinded safety analysis has shown ISIS-TTR Rx to be generally safe and well tolerated. Conclusions: An analysis of the baseline demographics for enrolled patients in the ISIS-TTR Rx Phase 3 study shows a well-balanced patient population with respect to the TTR mutation type, stage of disease, previous treatment with Tafamidis or Diflunisal, and cardiomyopathy involvement. Disclosure: Dr. Benson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kincaid has received research support from CSL Beringer and Isis Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Ackerman has received personal compensation for activities with Isis Parmaceuticals, Inc. as an employee. Dr. Monia has received personal compensation for activities with Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as an employee.
Two Contributions to the Foundations of Set Theory

Publisher Summary A simple alternative formulation is given in the chapter for an axiom that is recently proposed by Levy as an addition to the axioms of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. If T is a theory obtained from Zermelo set theory by adding all instances with no more than a given number of alternations of quantifiers of a schema valid in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory, then the consistency of T is demonstrable in Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (a slightly stronger result is obtained). The chapter also mentions the term expressions that are to be identified with natural numbers. The chapter distinguishes an infinite set of natural numbers that are to be known as variables and—for each positive integer n—an infinite set of natural numbers to be known as n place predicate.
Mati-ism and black lesbianism: two idealtypical expressions of female homosexuality in black communities of the Diaspora

There are different ways in which black women in the Diaspora have given expression to their erotic fascination with other women. In this article two idealtypical expressions of black female homosexuality and the outlines of their underlying cosmologies are sketched: mati-ism and black lesbianism. Mati (or matisma) is the Sranan Tongo word for women who have sexual relations with other women, but who typically also will have had or still have relationships with men, simultaneously. More often than not they will also have children. While both types can only be understood via a constructionist view of homosexuality, the institution of mati-ism will be shown to have retained more Afrocentric, working class elements, while black lesbianism has more middle class, Eurocentric features.
On cumulus mergers

A study of cumulus mergers for three undisturbed untreated days in the summer of 1973 is reported. Mergers produce more than an order of magnitude more rain than unmerged echoes, while mergers of mergers produce still an order of magnitude more rain. Duration, echo area, and rain depths are also compared for merged and unmerged systems, and each day is analyzed individually, indicating a correlation between organization and rain amount. The relevance of mergers to hydrology, weather modification, and the large-scale impacts of convective clouds is discussed.
Development of a Decision Support System to Assist Anesthesiologists in Operating Room

The complexity of modern anesthesia procedures requires the development of decision-support systems functioning in a smart-alarm capacity. We developed computer algorithms to detect critical conditions during surgery (light anesthesia or unstable blood pressure), based on computerized anesthesia records containing hemodynamic data (heart rate, mean arterial pressure and systolic arterial pressure). Our analysis indicated that a ≥12% change in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), compared with the median value of MAP over the preceding 10-min interval, may be chosen as the criterion for detecting LA, with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 91%. The best agreement between human and computer ratings of blood pressure lability (correlation coefficient 0.78) was achieved when we used the absolute value of the fractional change of the mean arterial pressure (vFCMv) between one 2-min epoch and the next 2-min epoch. Work is under progress to develop a decision-support system to alert clinicians in the operating room environment to critical events.
Optical inspection of wafers using large-area defect detection and sampling

In the absence of in-line electrical test monitors, semiconductor manufacturers must rely on data from optical inspections to identify and control defects. To be effective, optical inspection must be reduced to terms which have physical significance to the process engineer. The data must be able to show trends over time, distributions of defect types causing the most harm to the product, and net change after elimination of defects. Further, it must be able to predict the health of product with a high degree of consistency. This paper describes how optical defect inspection, using large-area detection and a consistent automatic sampling algorithm, can be used to monitor and control defect levels on product. This method has been a significant contributor to rapid defect learning on the 16-Mb DRAM manufacturing line at IBM. >
Long Periodic Variation of Orbital Elements of a Satellite Pertubred by Discrete Gravity Anomalies

A method for generating long periodic variations in satellite orbital elements when perturbed by discrete gravity anomalies is presented. The method consists of developing a disturbing potential as a function of orbital and gravity anomaly parameters, and generating partial derivatives of the potential with respect to the orbital elements. The partials are averaged over the period of the satellite to eliminate the short periodic variations. The averaged partials are substituted into the variation of parameter equations to give the mean orbital rates. Classically orbital elements are used in generating gravity field and thus the method is dynamic in nature. The problem is extremely cumbersome and complex when multi-state parameters have to be estimated from a considerably large data set. However, when mean orbital rates are used, the problem reduces to a simple linear static case, where only the gravity parameters have to be estimated, and it is a simple matrix inversion problem. Thus the method developec here was utilized in reducing Appolo 15 and 16 subsatellite radio tracking data to produce a lunar gravity field represented by point masses.