cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distributed Smooth and Strongly Convex Optimization with Inexact Dual Methods

In this paper, we consider a class of decentralized convex optimization problems in which a network of agents aims to minimize a global objective function that is a sum of private (local) smooth and strongly convex objectives. More specifically, we study decentralized inexact dual ascent method, in which the agents only approximately solve their private minimization and then update their dual variables using inexact dual ascent. We study the effect of inexact inner minimization on the convergence rate. In particular, we show that the overall convergence rate will not be affected by inexact minimization if the errors are decreased at an appropriate rate. We illustrate our findings in a distributed binary classification problem.
A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF COTTAGE CHEESE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARD

Bacterial contamination of public health significance was determined on 150 samples of market cottage cheese. The study was made over a period of one year, and the packaged cheese was obtained from...
Implementation of a Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Management Protocol.

Background Little data exist regarding how pharmacist-led collaborative drug therapy management protocols are implemented in health systems. Barriers to collaborative drug therapy management protocol implementation exist, but they can be overcome by effective protocol education and communication, allowing pharmacists to manage more patients with chronic disease states, thereby enhancing quality health outcomes for patients and reducing health resource utilization. Objective To determine the preferred method of provider education regarding the implementation of a pharmacist-led type 2 diabetes collaborative drug therapy management protocol, and to assess pharmacist and provider satisfaction with the protocol implementation. Methods This single-center, prospective cohort study included pharmacists practicing within a pharmacist-led type 2 diabetes collaborative drug therapy management protocol, as well as providers practicing at 4 primary care clinics within a health system. All providers received an e-mail regarding education about the protocol. In addition, providers at 2 of the clinics received education about the protocol at a provider meeting, and providers at the other 2 clinics received a personalized provider report card. The personalized provider report card identified patients within the provider's panel who met criteria for referral to a pharmacist under the new protocol. The referred patients were tracked for 2 months, and provider and pharmacist satisfaction with the protocol were assessed. Results A total of 54 patients were referred for pharmacist management per the protocol. The majority (89%) of patients were referred by providers who received a personalized provider report card. Nearly all (96%) of the providers were satisfied with the protocol-driven services, and most (67%) pharmacists were satisfied with their role in managing patients with type 2 diabetes under the collaborative drug therapy management protocol. Conclusion The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred for pharmacist management per the protocol were referred by providers who received personalized provider report cards. Provider and pharmacist satisfaction with the new pharmacist-led protocol was high.
Technical Note: Imaging dose resulting from optimized procedures with limited-angle intrafractional verification system during stereotactic body radiation therapy lung treatment

Purpose The limited-angle intrafractional verification (LIVE) system was developed to track tumor movement during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). However, the four-dimensional (4D) MV/kV imaging procedure results in additional radiation dose to patients. This study is to quantify imaging radiation dose from optimized MV/kV image acquisition in the LIVE system and to determine if it exceeds the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group Report 180 image dose threshold. Methods TrueBeam™ platform with a fully integrated system for image guidance was studied. Monte Carlo-simulated kV and MV beams were calibrated and then used as incident sources in an EGSnrc Monte Carlo dose calculation in a CT image-based patient model. In three representative lung SBRT treatments evaluated in this study, tumors were located in the patient's posterior left lung, mid-left lung, and right upper lung. The optimized imaging sequence comprised of arcs ranging from 2 to 7, acquired between adjacent three-dimensional (3D)/IMRT beams, with multiple simultaneous kV (125 kVp) and MV (6 MV) image projections in each arc, for different optimization scenarios. The MV imaging fields were generally confined to the treatment target while kV images were acquired with a normal open field size with a full bow-tie filter. Results In a seven-arc acquisitions case (highest imaging dose scenario), the maximum kV imaging doses to 50% of the tissue volume (D50 from DVHs), for spinal cord, right lung, heart, left lung, and the target, were 0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, and 1.4 cGy, respectively. The corresponding MV imaging doses were 0.1 cGy to spinal cord, right lung, heart, and left lung, and 11 cGy to target. In contrast, the maximum radiation dose from two cases treated with two Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) fields and two-arc image acquisitions is approximately 30% of that of the seven-arc acquisition. Conclusions We have evaluated the additional radiation dose resulting from optimized LIVE system MV/kV image acquisitions in two best (least imaging dose) and one worst (highest imaging dose) lung SBRT treatment scenarios. The results show that these MV/kV imaging doses are comparable to those resulting from current imaging procedures used in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) and are within the dose threshold of 5% target dose as recommended by the AAPM TG-180 report.
Flow Field Image Based Attitude Control for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In recent years, microscale flow sensors have been extensively studied and developed, which can measure local flow information such as pressure or wall-shear stress over aerial vehicle surfaces in real-time. It is expected that with those sensors onboard, SUAVs can potentially mimic birds or bats in achieving more stable and agile flights than purely relying on rigid body sensors. However, it is challenging to utilize such a rich amount of surface airflow information to enable agile SUAV flights, which could be in the form of 2-D or 3-D images. In this paper, a flow field image based approach is developed for SUAV attitude control. The proposed robust controllers work directly on flow field images through defined image operators. The asymptotically stability of controllers are proven for the closed-loop systems under bounded uncertainties. The effectiveness of the controllers are demonstrated in simulations for both pitching motion and three-axis attitude motion even under gust wind conditions.
Development and Evaluation of a Tracer-Injection Hydrothermal Technique for Studies of Waste Package Interactions

A tracer-injection system has been developed for use in characterizing reactions of waste package materials under hydrothermal conditions. High-pressure liquid chromatographic instrumentation has been coupled with Dickson-type rocking autoclaves to allow injection of selected components into the hydrothermal fluid while maintaining run temperature and pressure. Hydrothermal experiments conducted using this system included the interactions of depleted uranium oxide and Zircaloy-4 metal alloy discs with trace levels of 99 Tc and non-radioactive Cs and I in a simulated groundwater matrix. After waste-package components and simulated waste forms were pre-conditioned in the autoclave systems (usually 4 to 6 weeks), known quantities of tracer-doped fluids were injected into the autoclaves' gold reaction bag at run conditions. Time-sequenced sampling of the hydrothermal fluid provided kinetic data on the reactions of tracers with waste package materials. The injection system facilitates the design of experiments that will better define “steady-state” fluid compositions in hydrothermal reactions. The injection system will also allow for the formation of tracer-bearing solid phases in detectable quantities.
Use of 3D printed intracranial aneurysm phantoms to test the effect of flow diverters geometry on hemodynamics

Purpose: Intracranial aneurysm (IA) treatment using flow diverters (FDs) has become a widely used endovascular therapy with occlusion rates between 70 to 90 percent resulting in reduced mortality and morbidity. This significant variation in occlusion rates could be due to variations in patient anatomy, which causes different flow regimes in the IA dome. We propose to perform detailed in-vitro studies to observe the relation between the FD geometrical properties and IA hemodynamics changes. Materials and Methods: Idealized and patient-specific phantoms were 3D-printed, treated with FDs, and connected into a flow loop where intracranial hemodynamics were simulated using a programmable pump. Pressure measurements were acquired before and after treatment in the main arteries and IA domes for optimal and sub-optimal diameter sizing of the FD when compared with the main artery. The 3D-printed phantoms were scanned using a micro-CT to measure the ostium coverage, calculate the theoretical FD hydraulic resistance, and study its effect on flow. Results: The pressure differences between arteries and the IA dome for optimal FDs’ diameter with a hydraulic resistance of 3.4 were ~7 mmHg. When the FD was undersized, the hydraulic resistance was 4.2 and pressure difference increased to ~11 mmHg. Conclusion: 3D-printing allows development of very precise benchtop experiments where pressure sensors can be embedded in vascular phantoms to study hemodynamic changes due to various therapies such as IA treatment with FDs. In addition, precise imaging, such as micro-CT can be used in order to evaluate complex deployment geometries and study their correlation with flow.
Effect of grain structure and strain rate on dynamic recrystallization and deformation behavior: A phase field-crystal plasticity model

Abstract In this work, we combined phase field method and crystal plasticity to study the effects of initial grain structures, recrystallized grain orientation, and strain rates on dynamic recrystallization and deformation behavior under stress states typical of the Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE) process. The geometrically necessary dislocation density was used as the nucleation criterion for recrystallization, and the minimization of the deformation energy drove the growth of the recrystallized grains. With the set of material properties and model parameters, the simulation results demonstrate that (1) a polycrystalline structure with the texture observed in ShAPE process has the lowest yield stress under the ShAPE stress conditions, (2) the recrystallized grains with the texture observed in ShAPE process largely soften the materials, and (3) higher shear strain rate or rotation speed results in larger magnitude of material softening.
Effects of Thyroxine and Growth Hormone Treatment of Dairy Cows on Milk Yield, Cardiac Output and Mammary Blood Flow

Four cows received thyroxine injections (T4; 20 mg/d) and three cows received growth hormone injections (GH; 44 mg/d) for 4 d during successive 16-d experimental periods. Measurement was made of milk yield, protein yield, mammary tyrosine and phenylalanine uptake, blood plasma hormone concentrations, mammary blood flow and cardiac output. Milk yield increased by 25% with T4 and 21% with GH treatment. Milk protein content tended to decline during T4 treatment and increase following GH treatment. Cardiac output increased by 8.9 liter/min (20%) and 4.6 liter/min (10%) with T4 and GH injection. Mammary blood flow (half-udder) increased from 3.6 to 4.9 liter/min (35%) and from 3.3 to 4.4 liter/min (33%) with T4 and GH treatment, respectively. These increases calculated on a whole-udder basis, accounted for 28% (T4) and 48% (GH) of the increases in cardiac output. The proportion of cardiac output perfusing the (whole) udder increased to 19.1% (T4) and 18.7% (GH), increases of 17 and 30%, respectively. Heart rate increased with T4 (but not GH treatment) from 80 to 115/min. Ratio of blood flow to milk yield was not changed by either treatment. The proportion of cardiac output perfusing the udder likely plays a major role in facilitating the partitioning of nutrients for milk synthesis.
Microwave Nondestructive Detection of Influenc of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) in Materials Properties of Concrete Specimens

Alkali-silica reaction has been identified to be a cause deterioration in concrete structures. This reaction takes place when alkalis (e.g., potassium and sodium), hydroxyl ions in the pore solution and certain siliceous minerals (present in some aggregates) are present, resulting in what is known as the ASR gel. Expansion of this gel, in the presence of heat and moisture, causes stresses that lead to microcracking and deterioration of concrete. The criticality of this problem has been particularly highlighted in recent past with respect to nuclear power plant containment concrete structures. Although there have been many studies devoted to examining and developing testing techniques for detecting and assessing ASR, currently no real nondestructive and field-deployable technique exists. Microwave materials characterization techniques, capable of evaluating material properties (physical and chemical) of cementitious materials, including those with ASR, have shown great promise for this purpose. In this study, a microwave nondestructive testing (NDT) method, using an open-ended rectangular waveguide probe, for conducting reflectometry and determining complex dielectric properties of materials, was employed at R-band (1.72-2.6 GHz). Three previously-produced large concrete specimens, one devoid of ASR and a set of two with ASR, were examined. The results illustrate the capability of differentiating among these specimens and corroborating the trend of the results previously obtained for mortar with ASR. This paper describes the properties of these specimens, method of measurement and the subsequent findings.
Can Upstream Patient Education Improve Fracture Care in a Digital World? Use of a Decision Aid for the Treatment of Displaced Diaphyseal Clavicle Fractures.

BACKGROUND The increasing proportion of telemedicine and virtual care in orthopaedic surgery presents an opportunity for upstream delivery of patient facing tools, such as decision aids. Displaced diaphyseal clavicle fractures (DDCFs) are ideal for a targeted intervention because there is no superior treatment, and decisions are often dependent on patient's preference. A decision aid provided before consultation may educate a patient and minimize decisional conflict similarly to inperson consultation with an orthopaedic traumatologist. METHODS Patients with DDCF were enrolled into 2 groups. The usual care group participated in a discussion with a trauma fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon. Patients in the intervention group were administered a DDCF decision aid designed with the International Patient Decision Aid Standards. Primary comparisons were made based on a decisional conflict score. Secondary outcomes included treatment choice, pain score, QuickDASH, and opinion toward cosmetic appearance. RESULTS A total of 41 patients were enrolled. Decisional conflict scores were similar and low between the 2 groups: 11.8 (usual care) and 11.4 (decision aid). There were no differences in secondary outcomes between usual care and the decision aid. DISCUSSION Our decision aid for the management of DDCF produces a similarly low decisional conflict score to consultation with an orthopaedic trauma surgeon. This decision aid could be a useful resource for surgeons who infrequently treat this injury or whose practices are shifting toward telemedicine visits. Providing a decision aid before consultation may help incorporate patient's values and preferences into the decision-making process between surgery and nonoperative management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Distinct and Overlapping Patterns of Acute Ethanol-Induced C-Fos Activation in Two Inbred Replicate Lines of Mice Selected for Drinking to High Blood Ethanol Concentrations.

The inbred high drinking in the dark (iHDID1 and iHDID2) strains are two replicate lines bred from the parent HS/Npt (HS) line for achieving binge levels of blood ethanol concentration (≥80 mg/dL BEC) in a four-hour period. In this work, we sought to evaluate differences in baseline and ethanol-induced c-Fos activation between the HS, iHDID1, and iHDID2 genetic lines in brain regions known to process the aversive properties of ethanol. Methods: Male and female HS, iHDID1, and iHDID2 mice underwent an IP saline 2 3 g/kg ethanol injection. Brain sections were then stained for c-Fos expression in the basolateral/central amygdala (BLA/CeA), bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST), A2, locus coeruleus (LC), parabrachial nucleus (PBN), lateral/medial habenula (LHb/MHb), paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), periaqueductal gray (PAG), Edinger–Westphal nuclei (EW), and rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). Results: The iHDID1 and iHDID2 lines showed similar and distinct patterns of regional c-Fos; however, in no region did the two both significantly differ from the HS line together. Conclusions: Our findings lend further support to the hypothesis the iHDID1 and the iHDID2 lines arrive at a similar behavior phenotype through divergent genetic mechanisms.
Robust cortical criticality and diverse dynamics resulting from functional specification

Despite the recognition of the layered structure and evident criticality in the cortex, how the specification of input, output, and computational layers affects the self-organized criticality has not been much explored. By constructing heterogeneous structures with a well-accepted model of leaky neurons, we find that the specification can lead to robust criticality rather insensitive to the strength of external stimuli. This naturally unifies the adaptation to strong inputs without extra synaptic plasticity mechanisms. Low degree of recurrence constitutes an alternative explanation to subcriticality other than the high-frequency inputs. Unlike fully recurrent networks where external stimuli always render subcriticality, the dynamics of networks with sufficient feedforward connections can be driven to criticality and supercriticality. These findings indicate that functional and structural specification and their interplay with external stimuli are of crucial importance for the network dynamics. The robust criticality puts forward networks of the leaky neurons as promising platforms for realizing artificial neural networks that work in the vicinity of critical points.
Definitive radiotherapy for extracranial oligoprogressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma as a strategy to defer systemic therapy escalation.

Objective To study whether delivering definitive radiotherapy to sites of oligoprogression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma enabled deferral of systemic therapy changes without compromising disease control or survival. Materials/methods We identified patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who received radiotherapy to ≤3 sites of extracranial progressive disease in 2014-2019 at a large tertiary cancer center. Inclusion criteria were (1) controlled disease for ≥3 months before oligoprogression, (2) all oligoprogression sites treated with a biologically effective dose of ≥100 Gy, and (3) availability of follow-up imaging. Time-to-event endpoints were calculated from the start of radiotherapy. Results Seventy-two patients were identified (median follow-up time 22 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 19-32 months), with oligoprogressive lesions in lung/mediastinum (n=35), spine (n=30), and non-spine bone (n=5). The most common systemic therapies before oligoprogression were none (n=33), tyrosine kinase inhibitor (n=23), and immunotherapy (n=13). At 1 year, the local control rate was 96% (95% CI 87%-99%); progression free survival, 52% (95% CI 40%-63%); and overall survival, 91% (95% CI 82%-96%). At oligoprogression, systemic therapy was escalated (n=16), maintained (n=49), or discontinued (n=7), with corresponding median progression free survival intervals of 19.7 months (95% CI 8.2-27.2 months), 10.1 months (95% CI 6.9-13.2 months), and 9.8 months (95% CI 2.4-28.9 months). Of the 49 patients maintained on the same systemic therapy at oligoprogression, 21 did not subsequently have systemic therapy escalation. Conclusion Patients with oligoprogressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy had comparable progression free survival regardless of systemic therapy strategy, suggesting that radiotherapy may be a viable approach for delaying systemic therapy escalation. Randomized controlled trials comparing treatment of oligoprogression with radiotherapy vs. systemic therapy alone are needed.
Taste-based gender discrimination in South Korea

Abstract Among the countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, South Korea shows the worst female earnings disadvantage. Women's career disruption associated with marriage and childbearing is said to be the primary factor behind the huge female disadvantage in Korea. Recent studies, however, demonstrated that substantial female disadvantage appears prior to women's career disruption, even net of human capital covariates. In this study, we examine whether taste-based gender discrimination is a source of female earnings disadvantage. We use sex ratios of births across regions during the 1990s as a proxy of prejudice against women in current labor markets. Our empirical results show that female earnings disadvantages among 2009–2017 college graduates are larger in the regions where sex ratios of 1990–1999 newborns were higher. Our results are robust to the control of an extensive set of human capital variables, including concrete college names, detailed fields of study, high school types, and more. Depending on models, one-fourth to one-third of female earnings disadvantage is attributable to prejudice against women. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Quantitative modeling of power performance tradeoffs on extreme scale systems

Abstract As high performance computing (HPC) continues to grow in scale and complexity, energy becomes a critical constraint in the race to exascale computing. The days of “performance at all cost” are coming to an end. While performance is still a major objective, future HPC will have to deliver desired performance under the energy constraint. Among various power management methods, power capping is a widely used approach. Unfortunately, the impact of power capping on system performance, user jobs, and power-performance efficiency are not well studied due to many interfering factors imposed by system workload and configurations. To fully understand power management in extreme scale systems with a fixed power budget, we introduce a power-performance modeling tool named PuPPET (Power Performance PETri net). Unlike the traditional performance modeling approaches such as analytical methods or trace-based simulators, we explore a new approach–colored Petri nets–for the design of PuPPET. PuPPET is fast and extensible for navigating through different configurations. More importantly, it can scale to hundreds of thousands of processor cores and at the same time provide high levels of modeling accuracy. We validate PuPPET by using system traces (i.e., workload log and power data) collected from the production 48-rack IBM Blue Gene/Q supercomputer at Argonne National Laboratory. Our trace-based validation demonstrates that PuPPET is capable of modeling the dynamic execution of parallel jobs on the machine by providing an accurate approximation of energy consumption. In addition, we present two case studies of using PuPPET to study power-performance tradeoffs on petascale systems.
Technical note: Large‐eddy simulation of cloudy boundary layer with the Advanced Research WRF model

[1] A thorough evaluation of the large-eddy simulation (LES) mode of the Advanced Research WRF model is performed with use of three cloudy boundary layer cases developed as LES intercomparison cases by the GEWEX Cloud System Study. Our evaluation reveals two problems that must be recognized and carefully addressed before proceeding with production runs. These are (i) sensitivity of results to the prescribed number of acoustic time steps per physical time step; and (ii) the assumption of saturation adjustment in the initial cloudy state. A temporary, but effective method of how to cope with these issues is suggested. With the proper treatment, the simulation results are comparable to the ensemble mean of the other LES models, and sometimes closer to the observational estimate than the ensemble mean. In order to ease the burden for configuration and post-processing, two new packages are developed and implemented. A detailed description of each package is presented. These packages are freely available to the public.
Effects of Elevated Stream Temperatures below a Shallow Reservoir on a Cold Water Macroinvertebrate Fauna

The Madison River is one of Montana’s finest cold-water streams, supporting a highly productive fishery that yields nearly 100,000 trout to anglers each year (Vincent, 1969). It comprises 116 km of the 727 km of blue ribbon trout water in the state.
Inter‐Korean Trade and the 2002 Nuclear Crisis: Influence and Effect*

Scholars in international relations have largely agreed that militarized international conflict and tension tend to cause business elites to decrease or adjust trade flows with adversary nations. Unlike this widely accepted conclusion, the trade relationship between South and North Korea under the nuclear confrontation (2002–2006) showed a steady growth despite the rising military tension caused by the North's continued attempts for nuclear development. This study analyzes under what conditions the international conflict did not undermine existing level of trade and investment flows and which factors predominantly affected the actors' behavior by focusing on South Korean traders. It will conclude that a substantial change of actors and dynamics that framed inter-Korean relations after the first-ever summit talks in 2000 enabled the traders to continue to engage North Korea even under the nuclear crisis. In terms of what actually motivated South Korean traders in these transactions, it will argue that South Korean domestic economic needs that desperately sought out a lower-cost production base overseas provided a key driving force for them to risk the military instability and to pursue trade utility in that situation. This study will prove this argument by providing a result of the semi-structured survey of South Korean entrepreneurs who actually were involved in the inter-Korean trade during this particular period. Through this case study, this paper will argue that economic gain of private firms from a trading relationship with their hostile counterpart provides a justifiable causal mechanism during this particular period to continue economic transactions under the crisis.
The rheumatic child and his world; an ecologic speculation.

IT IS PROVERBIAL that a fool can ask more questions than a wise man can answer. It is not proverbial that for the question-asking fool there is some hope and for the others, none. Now it is my intention on this occasion to play the fool awhile, to ask a great number of questions, and I cordially invite you to join me in this game. I want to inquire into The World of the Rheumatic Child, into his internal as well as into his external world, or, as Claude Bernard has phrased it, into his milieu interieur and into his milieu exterieur. Now there is some method to my folly, and it amounts to this. We know a great deal about the disease rheumatic fever and about its devastating effects within the body of its victim. But we do not know a great deal, indeed only a very little, about the victim within whose body the disease effects its devastations. I said—we know a great deal about the disease itself. In preparation for this talk I "re-surveyed the literature" and I found it, as I have known it to be, not only enormous in quantity but most impressive in quality. It is literally studded with masterpieces of etiologic research, of clinical surveys, of pathologic studies, of follow-up surveys, of epidemiologic analyses, and of therapeutic enterprises. In my review of the literature I came upon some old and esteemed friends whose works I had witnessed "in the making," the studies, for example, of Wyckoff, and those of Alfred Cohn; Claire Ling9s penetrating statistical analyses, Pearl Raymond9s biologic speculations, May Wilson9s classical and encyclopedic resume of knowledge—and upon a host of others, too numerous, really, to catalogue.
Abstract 11032: Home Exercise Reduces Hopelessness in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Background: In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) the presence of hopelessness is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, independent of depression. To date few studies have examined the effects of interventions, such as exercise, in reducing hopelessness in CHD patients. It is well established that some form of regular exercise improves mental health and mood in the general population. Purpose and Methods: Using a longitudinal design the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of regular exercise on hopelessness levels in patients with CHD (N= 324). Subjects completed the State-Trait Hopelessness Scale and an exercise questionnaire measuring the frequency of walking or biking in a home or hospital setting. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate the relationship between hopelessness levels and exercise over one year. Results: For subjects with little/no or mild baseline hopelessness, state and trait hopelessness levels were not significantly different over the year between exercisers and non-exercisers. However, among subjects with moderate to severe baseline hopelessness, regular (≥3 days/week) exercise at home compared to minimal or no exercise predicted significantly lower state (Non-exercisers: M= 2.17, SE= 0.05, N= 148; Exercisers: M= 1.91, SE= 0.05, N= 131; p= 0.002,) and trait (Non-exercisers: M= 2.02, SE= 0.04, N= 177; Exercisers: M= 1.79, SE= 0.04, N= 142; p= 0.01) hopelessness. Hospital exercise was not associated with significant changes in state or trait hopelessness. In a multivariable model of subjects with moderate to severe baseline hopelessness, home exercise remained significantly predictive of decreased state hopelessness after adjusting for hospital exercise, depression, and demographic variables. Neither exercise type was related to decreased trait hopelessness in a multivariable model. Conclusion: This study demonstrates for the first time the beneficial effect of regular home exercise on decreasing moderate to severe hopelessness in CHD patients. It is therefore important to encourage patients with moderate to severe hopelessness to participate in some type of regular exercise. Further research is needed to evaluate how patients with hopelessness can be motivated to exercise at home.
Measurements of wall stress relaxation in growing plant cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the pressure-block technique for stress relaxation in vivo . The method requires some specialized equipment but is currently the most informative and most useful method for analyzing the wall yielding properties that govern plant cell growth. Once the apparatus is set up, this method is easy to use and is suitable for measurements on a range of multicellular organs. The pressure-block technique is readily applied to intact plants, which means that it can be used to study many growth responses that are lost or attenuated on excision of the growing tissue. It provides the most reliable assessment of the yielding properties of the growing cell wall. To measure wall stress relaxation in growing cells, water uptake needs to be prevented. Then wall loosening results in a measurable decrease in wall stress and turgor pressure, rather than an increase in size. In the pressure-block technique, the growing part of the plant is sealed into a pressure chamber and growth is monitored at high temporal resolution, typically with an electronic position transducer attached to the plant inside the chamber. Stress relaxation is started by applying the minimum pressure needed to stop the plant from growing.
Cammarota, Sueños Americanos: Barrio Youth Negotiating Social and Cultural Identities

Julio Cammarota begins Suenos Americanos with an introductory chapter explaining the social, cultural, and political environment in California, as well as a glimpse of each of the subsequent six ch...
Philosophy of Praxis, Ideology-Critique, and the Relevance of a ‘Luxemburg-Gramsci Line’

After highlighting the philological and theoretical fortes of Peter Thomas’s The Gramscian Moment, the intervention questions his assumption of Gramsci’s allegedly ‘neutral’ concept of ideology. This interpretation is one-sided in that it leaves out the ideology-critique adopted via Labriola and practised throughout Gramsci’s work. Gramsci’s perspective of rendering people’s common sense more coherent opens up a more democratic perspective than Kautsky’s and Lenin’s notion that socialist class-consciousness is to be brought ‘from without’. The intervention argues that the reconstruction of a ‘Luxemburg-Gramsci line’ is of importance for today’s debates and struggles.
Methodology for developing transit bus speed-acceleration matrices for load-based mobile source emissions models

An emissions model for transit bus based on road load estimates emissions as a function of transit bus power demand for given transit bus activities and environmental conditions. Transit bus speed and acceleration rates are key activity parameters and are the most important parameters in the estimation of transit bus power demand, also known as engine load. Once the transit bus engine load is calculated for a given speed and acceleration, emissions in grams per vehicle hour can be calculated with grams per brake-horsepower hour emission rates. However, collecting speed and acceleration data on various road types and times of day requires extensive efforts for use in load-based mobile source emissions models. To quantify Atlanta regional transit bus speed and acceleration rates, the Georgia Institute of Technology research team installed trip data in a transit bus operated by the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. The team collected second-by-second speed and location data for 3 weeks on a varie...
Energy harvesting technologies for structural health monitoring applications

This paper reviews energy harvesting technologies for structural health monitoring applications. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the process of damage detection in machinery, aerospace, and civil structures. There is a great deal of interest across a broad section of industries in obtaining technology that can be used to monitor the health of machinery and structures. In particular, the need for autonomous monitoring of structures has been ever-increasing in recent years. Autonomous SHM systems typically include embedded sensors, data acquisition, wireless communication, and energy harvesting systems. Among all of these components, this paper focuses on the energy harvesting technologies. Since low-power sensors and wireless communications are used in most recent SHM systems, a number of researchers have recently investigated techniques to extract energy for such stand-alone, self-powered systems from the local environment. Ambient energy sources could be vibration, thermal gradient, sun, wind, pressure, etc. If the structure has a rich enough loading, then it may be possible to extract the needed power directly from the structure itself. Harvesting energy using piezoelectric materials by converting applied stress to electricity is most common. In a structural health monitoring application, the piezoelectric material would be stressed due to vibrations or direct loading in a structure. Other methods to harvest energy such as electromagnetic, magnetostrictive, or thermoelectric generator is also reviewed. Lastly, an energy harvester with frequency tuning capability is demonstrated.
How We Came to Dread Fridays: Developing an Academic Library Assessment Plan Two Hours at a Time

During the summer of 2012, St. John Fisher College's Lavery Library developed a coordinated assessment plan. Committing to weekly meetings, librarians reviewed ACRL Standards, identifying key outcomes that would link to the college strategic plan. Utilizing the unique synergy of the library staff, librarians committed to persistence, collaboration, and flexible teamwork. Based on their summer-long perseverance, the librarians originated an assessment strategy that has not only aligned them with the college but has also positioned them to demonstrate the value they provide to their community.
Across-channel interference in intensity discrimination: the role of practice and listening strategy.

Pure tone intensity discrimination thresholds can be elevated by the introduction of remote maskers with roved level. This effect is on the order of 10dB [10log(ΔI∕I)] in some conditions and can be demonstrated under conditions of little or no energetic masking. The current study examined the effect of practice and observer strategy on this phenomenon. Experiment 1 included observers who had no formal experience with intensity discrimination and provided training over 6h on a single masked intensity discrimination task to assess learning effects. Thresholds fell with practice for most observers, with significant improvements in six out of eight cases. Despite these improvements significant masking remained in all cases. The second experiment assessed trial-by-trial effects of roved masker level. Conditional probability of a “signal-present” response as a function of the rove value assigned to each of the two masker tones indicates fundamental differences among observers’ processing strategies, even after ...
Plate motions and continental extension at the rifting to spreading transition in Woodlark Basin, Papua New Guinea: Can oceanic plate kinematics be extended into continental rifts?

Abstract Woodlark Basin provides a unique opportunity to compare brittle extension, subsidence, and extension predicted from long-term plate motions at the rifting to spreading transition of a non-volcanic margin. Detailed analysis of reflection seismic data near the current rifting to spreading transition yields 111 km (± 23 km) of brittle extension. Subsidence along the same transect predicts 115 km (± 47 km) of extension. Long term plate motions, derived from seafloor spreading and transform azimuths in the eastern portion of Woodlark Basin, predict ∼ 220 km of extension in this area. These results imply no large discrepancy between brittle extension and extension predicted from subsidence, contrary to observations at ancient rifted margins. However, there remains a pronounced two-fold discrepancy between post-breakup plate motions and extension during rifting. This implies that continental extension rates do not match seafloor-spreading rates, and requires that the extension within the rift can only be modeled using Euler pole kinematics after the initiation of seafloor spreading. This is hypothesized to result from a decoupling of the lithosphere, in which the upper crust moves more slowly than the mantle lithosphere. Pre-breakup plate motions are accommodated primarily by extension of the mantle lithosphere as a result of rollback of the Solomon Sea plate. After the initiation of seafloor spreading, spreading rates are controlled by the motion of the mantle lithosphere and the upper crust moves at the same rate as the rest of the lithosphere.
Failure load of acrylic resin denture teeth bonded to high impact acrylic resins

Abstract Statement of problem. Techniques for bonding denture teeth to an acrylic resin denture base remain empirical, with little consensus from the literature, among clinicians, or among dental laboratories. Purpose. This study evaluated the failure load of acrylic resin teeth bonded to 2 high impact acrylic resins. Methods and material. The ridge lap portion on 120 identical denture teeth were modified with 3 variables: (1) placing a diatoric, (2) using monomer to prewet the denture tooth, and (3) breaking the glaze. Variables were combined to form 6 groups of 10 teeth each, and processed with Lucitone 199 (Lucitone) or SR-Ivocap (Ivocap) acrylic resin. Data analysis included the use of a heterogeneous variance linear regression model. Results. Mean (± SD) failure load ranged between 10.25 ± 1.48 Kg to 28.43 ± 11.05 Kg for the 6 Ivocap groups and 16.63 ± 5.87 Kg to 28.05 ± 5.35 Kg for the Lucitone groups. For Lucitone 199 acrylic resin, the highest failure loads resulted when the ridge lap was left with an intact glaze and did not have a diatoric, with no significant influence from the use of monomer. For Ivocap resin, the highest failure loads resulted when the ridge lap had a diatoric but did not have monomer placed, with no significant influence from glaze. Conclusion. Failure load of bonding highly cross-linked denture teeth to SR-Ivocap or Lucitone 199 acrylic resin was significantly influenced by modifications to the ridge lap before processing. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:666-71.)
Front end designs for the 7 GeV advanced photon source

Abstract The conceptual designs for the insertion device (ID) and bending magnet (BM) front ends have been completed for the 7 GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS) under construction at Argonne National Laboratory. These designs satisfy the generic front end functions. However, the high power and high heat fluxes imposed by the X-ray sources of the 7 GeV APS have presented various design engineering challenges for the front end. Consideration of such challenges and their solutions have led to novel and advanced features including modularized systems, enhanced heat transfer concepts in the fixed mask and the photon shutter designs, a radiation safety philosophy based on multiple photon shutters for a fail-safe operation, a submicron resolution beam position monitor for beam monitoring and ring feedback information, and minimal beam filtering concepts to deliver maximized beam power and spectra to the experimenters. The criteria and special features of the front end design are discussed in this paper.
Chromium leaching vs. oxidation state for a contaminated solidified/stabilized soil

The toxicity, solubility, and mobility of chromium in soil are strongly dependent upon its oxidation state. Solidification/stabilization (SS) is a potential method for preventing Cr leaching from contaminated soil. We evaluated the leaching behavior of untreated and solidified/stabilized chromium contaminated soil samples obtained from two locations at a military facility in Louisiana. The leaching of chromium, as measured by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), was expected to be dependent upon the chromium oxidation state. The pH, cation exchange capacity and particle size distribution were obtained for each sample and portions of each sample were solidified with Type I Portland cement. The oxidation state of chromium was determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The sample from Site 1 contained 478 mg kg−1 total chromium while the sample from Site 2 contained 1272 mg kg−1 total Cr. The TCLP chromium concentration for Site 1 untreated soil was 3.4 mg L−1 and 2.0 mg L−1 for the SS treated sample. The sample from Site 2 had TCLP chromium concentrations below the analytical detection limit (< 1.0 mg L−1) for both untreated and SS samples. The XAS data showed the presence of the more mobile and soluble Cr+6 at Site 1 but not at Site 2. The use of Portland cement alone was not effective in reducing the Cr+6 to the less soluble and less mobile Cr+3, or in physically preventing leaching of Cr+6.
MONS OT J004240.69+405142.0: An orphan GRB optical afterglow candidate in Andromeda?

Abstract Here we report the serendipitous identification of a bright optical transient in the vicinity of the dwarf elliptical galaxy M 32 (NGC 221). This transient (MONS OT J004240.69+405142.0) was detected using filtered CCD imaging, about 20 arcsec southwest from the core of M 32, at equatorial coordinates α = 00:42:40.69 ± 0.05, δ = +40:51:42.0 ± 0.5, between 04:20:16 and 04:21:46 UT on June 22, 2007. A detailed analysis of the intensity profile of the feature suggests that it is of stellar nature with apparent visual magnitude 9.69 ± 0.15 which gives an absolute magnitude of −14.7 ± 0.3 if the feature is located in M 31/M 32. Under the assumption of the event reported here being of cosmic origin and although no correlation with GRBs in time or space has been found, the behaviour of the optical transient appears to resemble that of the recently observed GRB 080319B: very fast ascent and decay of several magnitudes within a few minutes. If this interpretation is correct, the afterglow decay was extremely rapid, decreasing by more than 5 mag. in about 2 min, α = 2.4. Given its properties, the event is a possible orphan GRB optical afterglow candidate originated beyond the Local Group. Alternative explanations are also discussed.
Influence of structural flexibility on the wake vortex pattern of airfoils undergoing harmonic pitch oscillation

Reported herein is an investigation of the influence of the structural flexibility of sinusoidally pitching airfoils on the pattern of vorticity shed into the wake. For rigid airfoils, it is well known that, depending on the oscillation frequency and amplitude, this pattern takes the form of the classical or reverse von Karman vortex street. The pattern may be characterized by the vortex circulation (Γ o ), vortex-to-vortex streamwise and cross-stream spacing (a and b, respectively), and vortex core radius (R). In the present work, these four parameters are obtained from particle image velocimetry measurements in the wake of airfoils consisting of a rigid “head” and flexible “tail” at chord Reynolds number of 2010 for different tail flexibilities. The results show that flexible airfoils exhibit the switch from classical to reverse von Karman vortex street (i.e., change in the sign of b) at a reduced frequency of oscillation lower than their rigid counterpart. At a given oscillation frequency, the Strouhal number at which this switch occurs is smallest for a given airfoil structural flexibility; which becomes stiffer with increasing frequency. Using Strouhal number based on the actual trailing edge oscillation amplitude, reasonable scaling is found of the dependence of not only b but also Γ o , a and R on the motion and structure parameters for all airfoils investigated. These results are complemented with analyses using a vortex array model, which together with the identified scaling of the wake vortex parameters, provide basis for the computation of the net thrust acting on the airfoil.
Disentangling dialogue: Issues from practice

Complexities and confusion surrounding the concept of dialogue are analyzed using a descriptive typology.