cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Baptism through incision. The postmortem cesarean operation in the Spanish Empire: editado por Martha Few, Zeb Tortorici, y Adam Warren, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2020, 152 pp. (ISBN 9780271086071)

Como parte de la serie Latin American Originals, Baptism through incision ofrece la traduccion y estudio critico de una seleccion de fuentes primarias relacionadas con las operaciones de cesarea po...
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Human Babesiosis

Babesiosis is characterized by non-autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a result of invasion of red blood cells by intraerythrocytic protozoans. Upon evaluation of patients who have ongoing hemolysis despite antibiotic treatment, a new entity of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was recently identified in some patients with babesiosis. The data are limited to case reports and one case series. The aim of this research was to synthetize data on this topic according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using the PubMed database. In this review, we found that all patients who had developed AIHA were asplenic. All had Coombs test positive for IgG or both IgG and C3 indicating Warm AIHA. Some but not all required blood transfusion and plasma exchange. Majority of patients responded to steroids and had resolution of parasitemia on follow-up. We believe that this review will make the clinicians aware that babesiosis can not only cause non-immune hemolysis but also AIHA. It is important to differentiate between the two entities as antibiotics alone may not be sufficient for immune-mediated hemolysis caused by babesiosis.
The Failure of Zero-Tolerance Policies in Addressing Hazing

Hazing has been a persistent issue over the generations and across organization-type. For many, the default solution is zero-tolerance. Zero-tolerance was originally developed as a U.S. Customs Service Policy in 1986. Attorney Peter Nunez first issued zero-tolerance policies for federal and state agencies to seize boats and vehicles transporting illegal drugs. By 1988, zero-tolerance policies were applied to a broad range of issues and conduct. Zero-tolerance is generally intended to express the unacceptance of targeted behaviors that, if committed, will be severely punished; this is no matter how major or minor. In this article, I explore the persistence of zero-tolerance policies as a remedial measure for hazing (Part I), why it is a failed approach (Part II), and how institutions and organizations could shift to a more effective approach (Part III).
Three decades of ASD genetics: building a foundation for neurobiological understanding and treatment.

Methodological advances over the last three decades have led to a profound transformation in our understanding of the genetic origins of neuropsychiatric disorders. This is exemplified by the study of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) for which microarrays, whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) have yielded over a hundred causal loci. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in ASD have also been fruitful, identifying 5 genome-wide significant loci thus far and demonstrating a substantial role for polygenic inherited risk. Approaches rooted in systems biology and functional genomics have increasingly placed genes implicated by risk variants into biological context. Genetic risk affects a finite group of cell-types and biological processes, converging primarily on early stages of brain development (though, the expression of many risk genes persists through childhood). Coupled with advances in stem cell-based human in vitro model systems, these findings provide a basis for developing mechanistic models of disease pathophysiology.
A Text Message Intervention for Adolescents With Depression and Their Parents or Caregivers to Overcome Cognitive Barriers to Mental Health Treatment Initiation: Focus Groups and Pilot Trial

Background: Many adolescents with depression do not pursue mental health treatment following a health care provider referral. We developed a theory-based automated SMS text message intervention (Text to Connect [T2C]) that attempts to reduce cognitive barriers to the initiation of mental health care. Objective: In this two-phase study, we seek to first understand the potential of T2C and then test its engagement, usability, and potential efficacy among adolescents with depression and their parents or caregivers. Methods: In phase 1, we conducted focus groups with adolescents with depression (n=9) and their parents or caregivers (n=9) separately, and transcripts were examined to determine themes. In phase 2, we conducted an open trial of T2C comprising adolescents with depression referred to mental health care (n=43) and their parents or caregivers (n=28). We assessed usability by examining program engagement, usability ratings, and qualitative feedback at the 4-week follow-up. We also assessed potential effectiveness by examining changes in perceived barriers to treatment and mental health care initiation from baseline to 4 weeks. Results: In phase 1, we found that the themes supported the T2C approach. In phase 2, we observed high engagement with daily negative affect check-ins, high usability ratings, and decreased self-reported barriers to mental health treatment over time among adolescents. Overall, 52% (22/42) of the adolescents who completed follow-up reported that they had attended an appointment with a mental health care specialist. Of the 20 adolescents who had not attended a mental health care appointment, 5% (1/20) reported that it was scheduled for a future date, 10% (2/20) reported that the primary care site did not have the ability to help them schedule a mental health care appointment, and 15% (3/20) reported that they were no longer interested in receiving mental health care. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that T2C is acceptable to adolescents with depression and most parents or caregivers; it is used at high rates; and it may be helpful to reduce cognitive barriers to mental health care initiation.
The Event Related Cortical Potential as an Index of Task Workload

This paper describes an investigation which assessed the feasibility of the event related brain potential (ERP) to provide an index of operator workload in adaptive man-machine systems. The characteristics and requirements of such systems are described and some limitations of secondary task workload measures enumerated. The results of an experiment are then presented in which ERPs were recorded from 10 subjects, while the difficulty of a concurrent tracking task was varied. Subjects performed either a one or a two dimensional compensatory tracking task, while ERP's were elicited by presenting discrete auditory stimuli. The amplitude of the P300 complex, a component of the ERP, elicited by the stimuli, decreased from the control condition (no tracking) to the tracking conditions. An ERP based measure of sequential processing of the stimuli was further affected as tracking difficulty was increased from 1 to 2 dimensions. An algorithm for obtaining an on-line ERP based measure of workload is then described.
Effect of Diet on Increases in Systolic Pressure Induced in Rats by Chronic Cadmium Feeding

Long-term exposure to cadmium in drinking water can induce hypertension in rats. We have consistently observed that from 0.1 to 5 ppm cadmium in deionized drinking water fortified with five essential metals induces a significant pressor effect in female Long-Evans rats on a noncommercial, low cadmium, rye-based diet. To test the effect of diet, a commercial stock diet (Purina Rodent Lab Chow), with either fortified or plain deionized water, was begun at weaning in rats that were receiving water containing 0.1 or 1 ppm cadmium. The overall effect of substituting the stock diet for the rye diet was initially to lessen, and later to prevent entirely, the cadmium-induced pressor effect. Whereas control rats on the rye diet have a constant systolic pressure of about 100 mm Hg throughout the experiment; control rats on the stock diet had an increase in systolic pressure of about 1 mm Hg/month, perhaps because of cadmium from food which contained 10 times as much of the metal as the rye diet. (There was also a somewhat lower pressure among the cadmium-fed rats on stock diet than among those on the rye diet). There were other (non-cadmium) differences between the stock and rye diets and between the remainder of our experimental conditions and those used by other investigators, presumably explaining the failure of some others to induce hypertension with cadmium.
Andragogical Supervision: A Supervisory Style for Adult Professionals

(1989). Andragogical Supervision: A Supervisory Style for Adult Professionals. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 62, No. 8, pp. 362-363.
Arms Transfers, Neutrality and Britain's Role in the Cold War: Anglo-Swiss Relations 1945–1958. by Marco Wyss/Neutralité Et Engagement: Les relations entre le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) et le Gouvernement suisse 1938–1945. by Isabelle Vonèche Cardia: Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2013. Pp. xv. 404. EUR 146, US$203./Lausanne: Historical Society of Swiss Romand, 2012. Pp. 279.

The notion of neutrality has been central to Swiss foreign policy and maybe even to the country itself since at least 1815. Likewise, something similar is true for the Geneva-based International Co...
A MULTI-SEGMENTED APPROACH TO THE QUANTIFICATION OF TRUNK MOVEMENT DURING GAIT

Typical gait analyses commonly define the trunk as a single rigid segment, which overlooks its inter-segmental motion. The current study examined the validity and reliability of a multi-segmented trunk marker set and the quantification of trunk motion during gait. A total of 10 young subjects were tested on two different days using identical procedures which incorporated a 22-marker set to define 7 trunk segments. Validity was evaluated by comparing results to a previous protocol. Reliability was assessed with the range of motion (ROM), coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The multi-segmented trunk marker set was able to reveal different inter-segmental movement patterns. During gait, ROM reliability was approximately 92%, and within-day CMC displayed moderate to strong reliabilities while between-day CMC data had moderately weak to moderately strong associations of the multi-segmented angle waveform trajectories. Reliability of the peak angles, assessed by ICC ranged from poor to almost perfect. The findings provide trends that suggest the incorporation of a multi-segmented trunk marker set could add a useful assessment to gait analysis.
Conversion of Methyl Ketones into Terminal Alkynes: (E)‐Buten‐3‐ynyl‐2,6,6‐trimethyl‐1‐cyclohexene

Conversion of methyl ketones into terminal alkynes: (E)-buten-3-ynyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene product: (E)-buten-3-ynyl-2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene Keywords: decarboxylation; phosphonation; diisopropylamine; dimethylamine; lithium diisopropylamide (LDA), preparation of; tetrahydrofuran
AIDS and Orphans in Uganda: Geographical and Gender Interpretations of Household Resources

Abstract Ugandan households provide crisis fostering for the orphans of relatives who have died of AIDS. Using the household as the basic unit of analysis, this research noted the gender of the household head and the location of the household on a rural to urban continuum in order to determine differential outlays of the household’s resources for the education of orphans. Significant differences were identified. Indigenous children in men-headed households were enrolled in school at a higher rate than school-age orphans in the same households. In contrast, rural women, who have the lowest levels of education, showed no partiality in enrolling both indigenous children and orphans in school when they were the household heads.
The etymology of basic concepts in the experimental analysis of behavior

The origins of many of the basic concepts used in the experimental analysis of behavior can be traced to Pavlov's (1927/1960) discussion of unconditional and conditional reflexes in the dog, but often with substantial changes in meaning (e.g., stimulus, response, and reinforcement). Other terms were added by Skinner (1938/1991) to describe his data on the rate of lever pressing in the rat (e.g., operant conditioning, conditioned reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and response induction and differentiation) and key pecking in the pigeon (shaping). The concept of drive, however, has largely disappeared from the current literature.
Handling and Weighing Polyvinyl Chloride Filters in Cotton Dust Measurements

A method is described for weighing polyvinyl chloride filters in cotton dust measurements using an electrobalance. Elaborate conditioning methods designed to overcome moisture effects are unnecessary. Filter handling and storage, balance stability, and type of sampling cassette (filter holder) are factors which affect weighing accuracy. Polystyrene cassettes should be used, and after sampling, filters contained in the cassettes should be conditioned in a standard atmo sphere and weighed immediately upon removal from the cassettes.
Effect of surface layers of stearic acid on the fatigue strength of metals

The fatigue failure of metals begins, as a rule, at the surface as a result of physicochemical processes that take place under the influence of the moisture and oxygen in the air. It is known that even the ordinary laboratory atmosphere may have a harmful effect on the fatigue resistance of aluminum alloys [i]. In a number of cases thin, ultimately monomolecular, water-repellent films of organic substances may act as an effective barrier against the adsorption of water and oxygen molecules from the atomosphere on the metal surface [2-5]. In this connection investigations have been carried out on octyl and dodecyl alcohols and dodecyl and octadecyl amines, among polar substances. In a study of the endurance of a number of metals (steel 4340, a beryllium alloy, aluminium alloy 6061-T6, and stainless steel 17-7RN), it has been found [2] that after the application of a film of dodecyl alcohol to their surface the limited endurance of these materials increases By 2.5 times.
Mass and Positional Isotopomer Analysis of Glucose Metabolism in Periportal and Pericentral Hepatocytes

To determine whether the source of carbon for the indirect pathway of hepatic glycogen synthesis differs between the periportal and pericentral zones, we studied seven 24-h-fasted conscious rats given a constant 2-h intraduodenal infusion of glucose, 40% labeled with [U-13C]glucose (99% 13C enriched), to raise and maintain plasma glucose concentration at ~10 mM. Glycogen, glutamate, aspartate, and alanine were selectively sampled from the periportal and pericentral zones of the liver by the dual-digitonin pulse technique and analyzed by 13C-NMR for positional isotopomer distribution and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for mass isotopomer distribution. Plasma glucose mass isotopomer distribution was determined from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The isotopomer distribution indicates that there was no significant difference between the zones with respect to 1) percent direct flux of glucose into the glycogen (periportal, 34 ± 4; pericentral, 38 ± 4), 2) extent of oxaloacetate/fumarate equilibration (periportal, 0.54±.01;, pericentral, 0.53 ± 0.01), 3) dilution of tracer in oxaloacetate (periportal, 0.64 ± 0.07;, pericentral, 0.64 ± 0.07), or 4) inflow of pyruvate versus tricarboxylic acid cycle flux (periportal, 0.70 ± 0.20; pericentral, 0.68 ± 0.16). Positional isotopomer populations, determined from the 13C-13C splitting in C3 and C4 of periportal and pericentral glycogen, were indistinguishable, indicating no significant differences in the source of the 3-carbon precursors for hepatic glycogen synthesis by the indirect pathway. In conclusion, glucose metabolism is the same in the periportal and pericentral zones with regard to 1) the relative flux of carbon via the direct/indirect pathways, 2) the source of the 3-carbon precursor used in the indirect pathway of glycogen synthesis, and 3) the flux of the 3-carbon precursors through the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Incorporation of 125Iodine-Labeled 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine into the DNA of Mouse Mammary Tumors

The symposium papers of the past two days attest to the successful use of labeled DNA precursors in the autoradiographic analysis of normal and malignant cell proliferation. The advances in the analysis of cell cycle kinetics over the last decade have been both broad and profound. Unfortunately, autoradiographic analysis is not without its disadvantages and limitations. For example, the long exposure times often needed for autoradiography make experimental “turn-around” times burdensome, and the frequent inability to obtain reliable, unperturbed serial samples in vivo is a major frustration. In tumor biology, one can combine studies on volumetric growth with autoradiographic analysis of the cell cycle for added insight (17, 35, 26), but such studies still do not permit one to get sequential measurements on the interactions between tumor cell proliferation and volumetric growth in the same intact host. Experiments, in situ, may also permit one to measure concomitant chemotherapeutic effects on cellular proliferation and volumetric growth in the same tumor.
A Compiler Intermediate Representation for Reconfigurable Fabrics

An intermediate representation (IR) is a central structure around which tools such as compilers and synthesis tools are built. In this paper we propose such an IR specifically designed for reconfigurable fabrics: CIRRF (Compiler Intermediate Representation for Reconfigurable Fabrics). We describe an initial implementation of CIRRF as part of the ROCCC compiler for translating C code to VHDL. A case study shows that our IR set is a solid foundation to generate high-performance hardware.
New Data from Peat Bogs May Give a Historical Perspective on Acid Deposition

Dynamic changes in certain bog ecosystems together with environmental trace elements may be utilized to reconstruct the history of atmospheric chemicals deposited on the terrestrial biosphere. Cores collected from ombrotrophic bogs in eastern New York, western Pennsylvania and western Virginia were dated using the Pb-210 method and analyzed for 34 elements by neutron activation analysis. The fallout Cs-137 profiles were utilized to cross check the Pb-210 dates assigned for each layer and to estimate the transport of mobile elements similar to Cs. A canparison has been made between the relative enrichment factors of the elements accumulated at different times since 1800 on the dated peat bog layers and the crustal abundance of elements compared to Al. At the PA site, relative enrichments of greater than 100 times are found for Cl, N, S and Br; relative enrichments of 10 to 40 times are found for Pb, Ca and Sb. At the NY site, generally lcwer relative enrichments are found with values of 10 to 40 times for Cl, Cr, and Mn and less than 10 times for N and S.
Molecular Mechanism for the Inhibitory Action of Interferon on Hematopoiesis

Spleen cell suspensions obtained from adult mice were separated by Ficoll/Hypaque and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The enriched erythroblast populations were maintained in liquid culture medium for 8 hours with 10,000 units of murine interferon (IFN) alpha and beta. Exposure of these cell cultures to murine IFN alpha and beta resulted in a 48% to 70% increase in 2-5adenylate synthetase (2-5AS) activity. In parallel studies, adult mice were injected daily for 1 or 2 weeks with recombinant human IFN alpha A/D (rHuIFN alpha A/D) at a dose of 10(6) or 10(7) units/kg body weight. This treatment did not significantly affect body weight but did produce a mean 70% increase in spleen wet weight and a mean 46% increase in number of nucleated cells per spleen. This increase in number of splenic hematopoietic cells did not result in a corresponding increase in number of circulating cells. In fact, during this 1 to 2 week period the hematocrit dropped from 45% to 38% in mice injected with high dose rHuIFN alpha A/D. From these findings we propose that IFN induces an early 2-5AS activity in erythroblasts and megakaryocytes. This 2-5AS activity, which is known to inhibit protein synthesis in other cell systems, is thought to be responsible for the block or prolongation in blood cell maturation observed in the present studies.
Residual stresses and warpage in woven-glass/epoxy laminates

Residual stresses are introduced in composite laminates during curing as a result of differential thermal expansion of the various plies. Residual stresses coupled with asymmetries in the laminate produce warpage. To study these phenomena, symmetric and asymmetric glass-fabric-reinforced laminates were fabricated. The laminate material was fully characterized by determining its physical and mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures. Thermal strains during curing and subsequent thermal cycling were measured by means of embedded strain gages. Residual stresses were then calculated using the mechanical properties determined before. Warpage for known types of asymmetry was calculated by means of lamination theory and compared with experimental measurements using a projection moire technique. The residual stresses in the studied laminates were very low, owing to the balancing effect of the woven-fabric reinforcement. A crossplied antisymmetric laminate showed saddle-shaped warpage in agreement with the analytical prediction. Unexpected warpage found in symmetric laminates may be due to imperfections in fiber orientations and/or temperature nonuniformities during laminations.
Joint Evaluation as a Real-World Tool for Managing Emotional Assessments of Morality

Moral problems often prompt emotional responses that invoke intuitive judgments of right and wrong. While emotions inform judgment across many domains, they can also lead to ethical failures that could be avoided by using a more deliberative, analytical decision-making process. In this article, we describe joint evaluation as an effective tool to help decision makers manage their emotional assessments of morality.
The Science ELF: Assessing the enquiry levels framework as a heuristic for professional development

This study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach to explore randomly assigned treatment and control participants’ frequency of inquiry instruction in secondary science classrooms. Eleven treatment participants received professional development (PD) that emphasized a structured approach to inquiry instruction, while 10 control participants received no PD. Two representative treatment participants were interviewed and observed to provide an in-depth understanding of inquiry instruction and factors affecting implementation. Paired t-tests were used to analyze quantitative data from observation forms, and a constant comparative approach was used to analyze qualitative data from surveys, interviews, purposeful observations and artifacts. Results indicated that treatment participants implemented inquiry significantly more frequently than control participants (p < .01). Two treatment participants’ instruction revealed that both used a similar structure of inquiry but employed different types ...
The Impact of Children With HIV Infection on the Family System

The authors examined the effects of HIV infection on the family system as reported by 48 caregivers of HIV-exposed children. Respondents completed the Impact on Family Scale (IFS) as part of their participation in the study. Results showed that the psychological burden of the illness was significantly related to the child's HIV status; financial burden, social/familial impact, and psychological burden of the illness were significantly related to the caregiver's HIV status; psychological burden and social/familial impact differed as a function of the child's and caregiver's HIV status; and the impact of HIV infection differed as a functlon of the caregiver relationship. Implications of the findings for service delivery are discussed.
The exponentiated Weibull family: a reanalysis of the bus-motor-failure data

The Weibull family with survival function exp{-(y/σ)α}, for α > 0 and y ≥ 0, is generalized by introducing an additional shape parameter θ. The space of shape parameters α > 0 and θ > 0 can be divided by boundary line α = 1 and curve (αθ = 1 into four regions over which the hazard function is, respectively, increasing, bathtub-shaped, decreasing, and unimodal. The new family is suitable for modeling data that indicate nonmonotone hazard rates and can be adopted for testing goodness of fit of Weibull as a submodel. The usefulness and flexibility of the family is illustrated by reanalyzing five classical data sets on bus-motor failures from Davis that are typical of data in repair–reuse situations and Efron's datapertainingtoahead-and-neck-cancerclinical trial. These illustrative datainvolvecensoring and indicate bathtub, unimodal, and increasing but possibly non-Weibull hazard-shape models.
How did you first get into computing

The route to a computing career is often circuitous. As part of the ongoing research on the history of women in computing, we conducted oral history interviews with pioneers in the field, during which we asked about their first encounters with computers. Although individual experiences varied, a common thread in these stories is that women's opportunities were constrained by gender stereotypes, outright discrimination, and the demands of marriage and family. At the same time, computing was a relatively welcoming field for women, and it offered them a rare chance to put their technical abilities to work. Women's first experiences with computers often led to a challenging, enjoyable, and financially rewarding career.
Days-Open Adjusted, Annualized, and Fat-Corrected Yields as Alternatives to Mature-Equivalent Records

Abstract Models for developing adjustment factors for days open, effects of alternative methods to evaluate lactation yields, and effects of alternative methods of measuring yield on sire evaluation weve investigated. Effects of days open on production were reduced by including summit production (average of 2 highest of first 3 test days) in models; however, adjustment of records by factors from models including summit production were not satisfactory for records with greater than 180 days open. Annualized yield ([total lactation production divided by days between calvings] 365) overcompensated for days open greater than 180. Days open adjusted, annualized yield, and fat-corrected yield were closely correlated. Mature-equivalent production in first parity was most predictive for yield in second parity, but yield adjusted for days open was more predictive of total comulative yield at 26, 39, and 59 mo. Rank correlations among sire transmitting abilities computed from alternative measures were more than .86. Evaluations by yield adjusted for days open were most similar and fat-corrected yield least similar to evaluation by mature equivalent production. Changes in culling decisions and sire evaluation from use of annualized yield or yield adjusted for days open versus mature equivalent were small, and yield adjusted for days open is preferred over annualized yield.
Uniform model for series R-L and parallel R-L shunt circuits and power consumption

A simple impedance based analysis is presented for resonant shunt circuits. The formulation is compatible with arrangement of shunt electronics and is used to clarify previously published resonance condition and to examine power. Since our resonance condition is contrary to previously published results, experimental verification is also presented. The experiments consist of both a series and parallel second mode absorber on a simple beam. Parallel and series shunts are compared.
Pareto-optimal electricity tariff rates in the Republic of Armenia

Abstract The economic impact of electricity tariff rates on the residential sector of Yerevan, Armenia, is examined. The effect of tariff design on revenue generation and equity measures is considered, and the combination of energy pricing and compensatory social policies which provides the best mix of efficiency and protection for poor households is examined. An equity measure is defined in terms of a cumulative distribution function which describes the percent of the population that spends x % or less of their income on electricity consumption. An optimal (Pareto-efficient) tariff is designed based on the analysis of survey data and an econometric model, and the Armenian tariff rate effective 1 January 1997 to 15 September 1997 is shown to be non-optimal relative to this rate.
Study and considerations of nanometer and nano-radian surface profiler

A Nanometer and Nano-radian Surface Profiler (NSP) is under development at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Nanometer and nano-radian accuracy is required for newest state-of-the-art synchrotron radiation optics and highprecision optical measurement. This test accuracy must be maintained in larger angle test range. In order to reach this accuracy we have to remove all error sources as much as possible or to reduce them to nano-radian level. We present the approaches in optimized optical system designing, scanning optical head mode selection, non-tilted reference method, quality control of optical components, and temperature stabilization. Some considerations and preliminary measurements are presented.
A Prelude to Surface Chemical Reaction: Imaging the Induction Period of Sulfur Interaction with a Strained Cu Layer

The induction period of the chemical reaction between Cu and S was visualized with STM, revealing a complex interplay between strain relief and reaction mechanism. Copper sulfide formation, monitored by high-resolution soft X-ray photoemission, started only after adsorption of ∼ 0.2 ML of S on a two-atom thick Cu layer supported by a Ru(0001) substrate. The pre-sulfide stages of sulfur interaction were investigated by in situ STM. Sulfur decorated the Cu surface by adsorbing at pseudo 4-fold hollow sites of the striped Cu phase and restructured the Cu layer to create additional adsorption sites of this type. Several self-organized structures of adsorbed S on the dynamically responding strained Cu layer were observed. Significant structural changes of both adsorbate and adsorbent occurred within the induction period of this surface chemical reaction.
Static and Dynamic Effects of the Magnetoelastic Interaction in Terbium and Dysprosium Metals

A detailed theoretical study has been made of the magnetoelastic perturbation of the spectra of elementary spin and lattice excitations in Tb and Dy metals. The theory was formulated on the basis of an interaction formed from bilinear products of local spin and strain functions. Previous ad hoc models appear in certain limits of the theory, giving a coherence to the theoretical picture of magnetoelastic coupling. It is found that uniform magnetostriction causes a smooth transition from "free-lattice" to "frozen-lattice" perturbation of the magnon spectrum depending on the wave vector of the state. The microwave absorption versus magnetic field applied along the hard planar axis of Tb and Dy is calculated. It is found that free-lattice magnons are primarily responsible for low-frequency absorption in Tb below 140 K, and for both low- and high-frequency absorption in Dy below the Curie temperature of that metal. It is shown that the transition from free- to frozen-lattice behavior of the magnon spectrum is essential to the explanation of existing data on the temperature dependence of absorption-peak positions in Tb. The dynamic interaction between spin and lattice waves is derived and used to calculate the mixed-mode splittings in regions of the Brillouin zone of Tb where phonon and magnon dispersion curves cross. The theory predicts well the splitting which occurs where the acoustical-magnon and phonon branches touch, but fails to account for the splitting between the acoustical-magnon and optical-phonon branches. A different coupling mechanism is proposed which may account for the mixing of these branches.
Coccidioidomycosis of the knee diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: A case report

A case of septic arthritis from coccidioidomycosis in a 62-year-old man is described. The diagnosis was made by fine-needle aspiration and supported by positive cultures and exoantigen testing. Coccidioidomycosis can infect bones and joints, especially the knee. This case is presented to increase awareness of involvement of the knee by this organism, and to demonstrate the feasibility of diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration. The cytologic findings of coccidioidomycosis of the knee are described and discussed.
Modeling stability of flap-enabled HAWT blades using spinning finite elements

Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are growing in size and popularity for the generation of renewable energy to meet the world’s ever increasing demand. Long-term safety and stability are major concerns related to the construction and use-phase of these structures. Braking and active pitch control are important tools to help maintain safe and stable operation, however variable cross-section control represents another possible tool as well. To properly evaluate the usefulness of this approach, modeling tools capable of representing the dynamic behavior of blades with conformable cross sections are necessary. In this study, a modeling method for representing turbine blades as a series of interconnected spinning finite elements (SPEs) is presented where the aerodynamic properties of individual elements may be altered to represent changes in the cross section due to conformability (e.g., use of a mechanical flap or a “smart” conformable surface). Such a model is expected to be highly valuable in design of control rules for HAWT blades with conformable elements. Sensitivity and stability of the modeling approach are explored.
Stenting the ductus arteriosus: Case selection, technique and possible complications

Ductal stenting is an attractive alternative to conventional shunt surgery in duct dependent congenital heart disease as it avoids thoracotomy and its related problems. With today's generation of coronary stents which have better profile, flexibility and trackability, ductal stenting may be achieved safely and with considerably less difficulty than previously described. As in Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt, ductal stenting is indicated mainly in duct-dependent cyanotic lesions chiefly in the neonatal period. Unlike the Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as an isolated lesion, the ductus in cyanotic heart disease has a remarkable morphologic variability. The ductus tends to arise more proximally under the aortic arch, giving rise to a vertical ductus or occasionally it may arise from the subclavian artery. It also tends to be long and sometimes very tortuous, rendering stent implantation technically impossible. The ductus in these patients may also insert onto one of the branch pulmonary arteries with some stenosis at the site of insertion. The ductus in Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia (TOF-PA) tend to exhibit these morphologic features and to a lesser degree in transposition of great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia (TGA-VSD-PA) and the more complex forms of univentricular hearts. In the preliminary angiographic evaluation, it is important to delineate these morphologic features as the basis for case selection. Ductal stenting may be done by the retrograde femoral artery route or the antegrade transvenous route depending on the ductus morphology and the underlying cardiac lesion. The detailed techniques and essential hardware are described. Finally, major potential complications of the procedure are described. Acute stent thrombosis is the most serious and potentially catastrophic. Emergent treatment with thrombolytic therapy and mechanical disruption of thrombus are required. With proper case selection, appropriate technique and the right hardware ductal stenting provides reasonable short-medium term palliation in duct-dependent cyanotic heart disease.
Evidence that murine pre-B cells synthesise μ heavy chains but no light chains

THE first identifiable member of the B-cell line, termed the pre-B-cell, has been shown by immunofluorescent techniques to contain small amounts of intracellular IgM, but to lack detectable surface immunoglobulin1. These cells have been found in several species at sites of B-cell generation, most notably fetal liver and adult bone marrow1,2 and considerable evidence now exists which supports this precursor–progeny relationship of pre-B cells and B lymphocytes1–5. However, conflicting data exist with regard to pre-B cell expression of μ and light chains. Although these cells were originally described in mice as containing both intracellular heavy (μ) and light chains1, using the same immunofluorescence techniques we have subsequently been unable to demonstrate either κ or λ light chains within these cells (P.B. and J.K., unpublished). Moreover, the presence of light chains in murine pre-B cells cannot be confirmed with the original anti-κ antibodies used in ref. 1 (M. Cooper, personal communication). These findings are also contrary to immuno-chemical data which suggest the presence of complete IgM molecules both intracellularly and on the surface of early fetal liver cells6. We have used somatic cell hybridisation to approach this controversial issue. We have now obtained, after fusion with fetal liver, hybridomas which synthesise large amounts of intracellular μ chain in the absence of any light chain (LC) synthesis detectable by immunofluorescent or immunochemical techniques. The immunoglobulin phenotype of these hybridomas is identical to that observed in immunofluorescence studies of pre-B cells from fetal liver or adult bone marrow, and suggests that synthesis of μ chain before light chain expression is a normal event in the early differentiation of the B-cell line.
Reactive oxygen species and the Antarctic macroalgal wound response.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are commonly produced by algal, vascular plant, and animal cells involved in the innate immune response as cellular signals promoting defense and healing and/or as a direct defense against invading pathogens. The production of reactive species in macroalgae upon injury, however, is largely uncharacterized. In this study, we surveyed 13 species of macroalgae from the Western Antarctic Peninsula and show that the release of strong oxidants is common after macroalgal wounding. Most species released strong oxidants within 1 min of wounding and/or showed cellular accumulation of strong oxidants over an hour post-wounding. Exogenous catalase was used to show that hydrogen peroxide was a component of immediate oxidant release in one of five species, but was not responsible for the entire oxidative wound response as is common in vascular plants. The other component(s) of the oxidant cocktail released upon wounding are unknown. We were unable to detect protein nitration in extracts of four oxidant-producing species flash frozen 30 s after wounding, but a role for reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite cannot be completely ruled out. Two species showed evidence for the production of a catalase-activated oxidant, a mechanism previously known only from the laboratory and from the synthetic drug isoniazid used to kill the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rhodophyte Palmaria decipiens, which released strong oxidants after wounding, also produced strong oxidants upon grazing by a sympatric amphipod, suggesting that oxidants are involved in the response to grazing.
Susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus) to experimental infection with Anaplasma marginale and A. ovis.

Anaplasma ovis was experimentally transmitted from domestic sheep to elk (Cervus elaphus) and hack to splenectomized sheep. No rickettsemias were detected but serum from three of seven experimentally inoculated elk developed Anaplasma spp.-reactive antibody as measured by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) or by the rapid card agglutination and complement fixation assays. Three elk were experimentally infected with A. marginale. The rickettsiae were detected in blood of these elk and caused disease in a splenectomized domestic bovine calf after subinoculation of blood from the elk. All three elk had positive titers with IIF. No clinical signs of illness were noted in any elk inoculated with either Anaplasma species.
GOALS: CONGRUITY AND CONFLICT AMONG POLICE OFFICERS AND POLICE CHIEFS

ABSTRACT It is said that community policing is transforming police organizations and officer behaviors. Community police officers, moreover, may differ from other officers in wajs that necessitate new management strategies. Specifically, do community police officers differ from traditional police officers in their motivations, goals, and receptiveness to direction from management? This study examined whether community police officers hold different goals and values from their chief compared to officers assigned to traditional duties. The analysis indicated that goal congruity was not a unidimensional concept, but that it consisted of congruity in the areas, of public relations and job structure. While community police officers did not differ from patrol officers in terms of goal congruity, the departmental environment and officers’ tenure did predict goal congruity.
A prototype of image-guided outcome analysis for prostate proton therapy patients based on DICOM-RT ePR

Last year, we presented the infrastructure for a medical imaging informatics DICOM-RT based ePR system for patients treated with Proton Therapy (PT). The ePR has functionality to integrate patients' imaging and informatics data and perform outcomes analysis with patient and physician profiling in order to provide clinical decision support and suggest courses of treatment. In this paper, we present the development of a prototype for the image-guided outcomes analysis for prostate cancer patient based on DICOM-RT ePR. This ePR system, using DICOM-RT and DICOM-ION objects as well as clinical and biological parameters, provides tools to evaluate treatment plans and assess the outcomes of the patient's treatment; hence, it promotes more successful treatment planning for new prostate cancer patients treated with proton therapy.
Persuasive Impact of Organizational Value Statements in a Recruitment Context1

Two experiments were conducted to examine the persuasive impact of different types of evidence supporting an organizational recruitment message. In the first experiment, information on organizational values, presented in a recruitment brochure, was supported using statistical, anecdotal, or no evidence. Graduating university students who were attending a job fair (N = 69) were most attracted to the company as an employer when statistical evidence was presented. In the second study, an employed sample (N= 172) received organizational value evidence in the context of either a recruitment brochure or a community newspaper article. Whereas we replicated the findings of the first study in the brochure condition, we found that anecdotal information was most persuasive in the newspaper condition. We conclude that predicting the persuasive impact of evidence for organizational values requires knowledge of both the type of evidence to be employed and the medium in which that evidence is conveyed.
Die-Less Forming of Thermoplastic- Matrix, Continuous-Fiber Composites

A die-less forming process is described which is intended to be an eco nomical method for manufacturing large, complex-shaped components from thermoplastic matrix, continuous-fiber composite materials. The concept is specialized to tapered shapes which are singly curved, long in their straight direction, and of arbitrary variable cross section along their length. An array of universal, computer-controlled rollers generates such shapes from initially flat laminates or stacks of prepreg sheet. Heating and bending of the material are strictly local operations occurring only within a small active zone at any one instant, thereby eliminating the need for fixed tooling and for large autoclaves or presses. The rollers are controlled using a "kinematically admissible bending" algorithm which requires interply sliding only in the local hot zone. Despite the fact that all of the regions not being formed are cold and rigid, the fibers of the composite are not forced to change length.Experimental verification to date...
A Wideband, Wide Scanning Tightly Coupled Dipole Array With Integrated Balun (TCDA-IB)

A key challenge in the design of wideband dipole phased arrays is the design of equally wideband baluns which are sufficiently compact to fit within the unit cell (typically in the linear dimension at low frequencies). In this paper, we exploit the reactance of a compact Marchand balun as an impedance matching network for each array element. The elimination of bulky external baluns results in a significant reduction of size, weight and cost, while the bandwidth is simultaneously improved by over 30%, compared to standard feeding techniques. In this manner, a tightly coupled dipole array with an integrated balun (TCDA-IB) is developed which achieves 7.35:1 bandwidth (0.68 - 5.0 GHz) while scanning to ±45° in all directions, subject to . In a dual-polarization configuration, the TCDA-IB has low cross polarization of over the majority of the band. Measured results are presented for a prototype 8 × 8 element TCDA-IB, showing good agreement with simulation.
Robust collaborative state estimation for smart grid monitoring

This paper proposes a decentralized state estimation scheme via network gossiping with applications in smart grid wide-area monitoring. The proposed scheme allows distributed control areas to solve for an accurate global state estimate collaboratively using the proposed Gossip-based Gauss-Newton (GGN) algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed scheme mitigates the influence of bad data by adaptively updating the noise variances and re-weighting the contributions of the most recent measurements for state estimation. Compared with other distributed techniques, our scheme via gossiping is more flexible and resilient in case of network reconfigurations and failures. We further prove that the power flow equations satisfy the sufficient condition for the GGN algorithm to converge to the desired solution. Simulations of the IEEE-118 system show that the proposed scheme estimates and tracks the global state robustly, and degrades gracefully when there are random failures and bad data.
Trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood: Predictors and outcomes

Semiparametric group-based mixture modeling was used with data from an adolescent school sample (N = 1205) for three purposes. First, five trajectory groups were identified to characterize different patterns of change in the frequency of marijuana use across four waves of assessment during adolescence. These trajectory groups were labeled Abstainers, Experimental Users, Decreasers, Increasers, and High Chronics. Second, trajectory group comparisons were made across eight adolescent risk factors to determine distinctive predictors of the trajectory groups. Findings indicated, for example, that the High Chronic group, relative to the other trajectory groups, had higher levels of delinquency, lower academic performance, more drug using friends, and more stressful life events. Third, adolescent trajectory group comparisons were made across 10 risk behaviors in young adulthood (average subject age = 23.5 years) and the occurrence of psychiatric and substance abuse disorders. Findings indicated some consistency across adolescence to young adulthood with regard to risk factors, and specificity with regard to the prediction of disorders. Adolescent trajectory group membership was significantly associated in young adulthood with cannabis and alcohol disorders but not with major depressive disorders or anxiety disorders.