cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Submergence at 3 °C of the Turtle, Chrysemys Picta Bellii, in Normoxic And Severely Hypoxic Water: II. Extracellular Ionic Responses to Extreme Lactic Acidosis

Plasma [Na+], [K+], and [Cl−] were measured on blood sampled periodically from turtles submerged in Na-equilibrated (low-O2) or air-equilibrated (high-O2) water. Plasma osmolality and total [Ca2+] and [Mg2+] were measured on selected samples. Previously we reported that a severe metabolic acidosis developed under these conditions; in low-O2 turtles, plasma [lactate−], rising to over 200 m-equiv/1, was only partially buffered by [HCO3−], which fell from 40 to 5 m-equiv/1. The balance of the buffering was accomplished by changes in strong ions which included (in low-O2) a fall in [Cl−] from 79.5±1.4 m-equiv/1 (X±S.E.) to below 60 m-equiv/1, a rise in [Ca2+] from 3 to over 100 m-equiv/1, and a rise in [Mg2+] from 3 to over 30 m-equiv/1. Together, all ionic changes balanced the increase in [lactate−], but this analysis is tentative because we do not know the distribution of Ca2+ and Mg2+ between free and bound forms in vivo. Plasma osmolality rose from 233±4.1 to 382±12.4 mosmol after 162 days in low-O2, even though the turtles showed a gain in body weight. The ionic changes that occurred in plasma also occurred in the pericardial and peritoneal fluids, suggesting general extracellular fluid participation in lactate buffering. Bladder urine contained significant concentrations of both lactate and calcium, indicating that some acid excretion may have occurred during the submergence.
Datenverarbeitung und Gesetzgebung

Die gedankliche Verbindung zwischen den Begriffen „Datenverarbeitung“ und „Gesetzgebung“ last sich schnell herstellen. Hat doch jeder Organisator, sei er nun fur eine offentliche oder eine private Verwaltung tatig, bei vielen Problemlosungen neben personellen, fachlichen und wirtschaftlichen Gegebenheiten auch gesetzliche Fakten zu berucksichtigen. Die gesetzgeberischen Normen unterscheiden sich in den meisten Fallen von den innerbetrieblichen oder allgemeinen Daten der betrieblichen Umwelt vor allem dadurch, das sie sich in nicht vorhersehbarer Weise, zu beliebigem Zeitpunkt und vor allem ohne Einflus der Unternehmung verandern konnen. Haufig stellen diese Normen nicht nur Daten dar, die einen Vorgang beschreiben, sondern geben eingehende Verfahrensregeln mit zwingender Natur, wie z. B. Normen uber den Inhalt bestimmter Bilanzpositionen oder lohnsteuerrechtliche Vorschriften. In den meisten Fallen fuhlt sich der Organisator durch gesetzgeberische Akte in der Wahl seiner Gestaltungsmoglichkeiten eingeschrankter als durch andere von ihm zu berucksichtigende Gegebenheiten.
Are Serials Worth Their Weight in Knowledge? A Value Study

Abstract The researchers aimed to use qualitative measures to define value as applied to print and electronic serial publications held at Sam Houston State University. Researchers examined faculty key activities—namely, Research , Publishing , Course Preparation and Development , Service , and Personal Interests —and also asked about the perceived extent of support that library journals provided for these key activities. The results of a survey sent to the faculty of two major colleges, Education and Criminal Justice, emphasized the importance of electronic over print serials for research, publishing, and teaching. Many respondents reported that they never used print serials for key activities but have recently used electronic serials. The print serial collection was reported to provide only minor support for the key activities whereas the electronic serials collection was reported to support those to a major extent. Most faculty respondents reported that they would drop subscriptions to personal interest journals if the Library obtained electronic access.
Discharge Disposition After Joint Replacement and the Potential for Cost Savings: Effect of Hospital Policies and Surgeons

Abstract Background Up to 55% of total joint arthroplasty costs come from post–acute care, with large variability dependent on a patient’s discharge location. At our institution, we identified a group of surgeons using a preoperative discharge planning protocol emphasizing the merits of home discharge. We hypothesized that using the protocol would increase patients’ odds for discharge home. Methods Administrative data from 14,315 total hip and knee arthroplasties performed over a 3-year period were retrospectively analyzed to determine predictors of patient discharge location. Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to account for the complex multilevel structure within the data as we considered patient-, surgeon-, and hospital-level predictors. A simplified case-control data structure with logistic regression analysis was also used to better understand the impact of the preoperative discharge planning protocol. Results A variety of patient- and surgeon-level variables are predictive of patients being discharged home after total joint arthroplasty including a patient’s length of stay, age, illness severity, and insurance, as well as surgeon's affiliation. In the case-control data, patients exposed to the rapid recovery protocol had 45% increased odds of being discharged home compared to patients not exposed to the protocol. Conclusions Although patient factors are known to play a role in predicting postdischarge destination, this analysis describes additional surgeon- and hospital-level factors that predict discharge location. Exogenous factors based on how surgeons and hospital staff practice and interact with patients may impact the postdischarge decision-making process and provide a cost savings opportunity.
Diabetes induces GABA receptor plasticity in murine vagal motor neurons

Autonomic dysregulation accompanies type-1 diabetes, and synaptic regulation of parasympathetic preganglionic motor neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is altered after chronic h...
Doppler Ultrasound of the Neck

Doppler ultrasound plays an important role in thyroid imaging. Power Doppler imaging may play an important role in the prediction of the likelihood of malignancy in a thyroid nodule and most of the current guidelines recommend documentation of vascularity in all significant thyroid nodules (Thyroid 19:1167–1214, 2009; Endocr Pract 16:1–43, 2010). However, an absent flow pattern does not have sufficient predictive value to eliminate the need to biopsy an avascular nodule. Doppler imaging is useful in the evaluation of goiter, thyroid nodules, lymph nodes, and parathyroid glands.
Differential effects of Diabetes Mellitus on nerve fibers by type of Diabetes

spinal loop that relays in the caudal ventrolateral periaqueductal grey (vlatPAG). We investigated whether the excitability of the micturition circuitry within the vlatPAG changed with arousal state. The urethane anaesthetised rat preparation was used, which shows spontaneous cyclical changes in EEG waveform that resemble changes in sleep state in unanesthetised animals. During infusion of saline into the bladder (6ml h) we found that transition from ‘arousal’ (desynchronised, low amplitude high frequency (3-5Hz) EEG) to synchronized high amplitude, slow wave (1Hz) activity (slow wave ‘sleep’) was accompanied by increases in micturition bladder pressure threshold and voided volume, and decreased end filling compliance, typical of natural sleep. The spontaneous firing of single units in the vlatPAG also slowed (8.0±3.2-3.0±1.9 Hz, n=15, pb0.01). These included 7 ‘micturition control’ neurons, which showed phasic changes in firing time-locked to changes in bladder pressure or external urethral sphincter EMG activity that were also depressed (n=6) or completely abolished (n=1) during SWS-like EEG activity. The results suggest that the micturition reflex is reset centrally during sleep. Failure of this mechanism could contribute to the development of nocturnal enuresis.
Constituents of the Cotton Bud. III. Factors that Stimulate Feeding by the Boll Weevil

Components of the cotton bud that stimulate feeding by the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were fractionated. Studies with different solvents and column chromatography provided evidence that 3 cotton-bud components having diverse chemical characteristics were present and elicited response from the weevil. Response of the insect was modified by factors such as pH, light, the diet fed, both in pre-emergence and adult stages, along with age and sex of insect. Secondary responses to a gossypolglucose incubate in the presence of emulsin, pH 8.0 phosphate buffer, or ATP, as well as sugars, salts, and ascorbic acid, were demonstrated. The insect-feeding threshold, determined from the straight-line plot of feeding activity vs. the log of extract concentration, was 0.015 mg.
Sex Pheromone Gland in the Female Codling Moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)

The female codling moth produces a sex pheromone which is shown to originate in a glandular structure opening dorsally in the intersegmental fold between the last 2 segments of the abdomen.
Study on the relationship between premature rupture of memberane and vaginitis

Objective: To explore the relationship between premature rupture of memberane and vaginitis,and analyze its risk of mother and infant.Methods: Vaginal secretions of 183 patients with premature rupture of memberane were measured analyzed through culture method and microscopic examination method,and randomly selected 200 pregnant women without premature rupture of memberane as concurrent control.The incidence rate of the placentitis,asphyxia neonatorum and pneumonia of newborn in the vaginitis patients were analyzed.Results: The incidence rate of vagina infection in patients with premature rupture of memberane(57 / 183,31.7%)was significantly higher than the control group(9%,P 0.05).The incidence rates of the placentitis,asphyxia neonatorum and pneumonia of newborn in the vaginitis patients associated with premature rupture of memberane were obviously higher than the vaginitis patients without premature rupture of memberane(P 0.05).Conclusion: Vaginal infection is the main cause of premature rupture of memberane,and is closely related to the the placentitis,asphyxia neonatorum and pneumonia of newborn.
SU-C-BRB-07: Threshold-Driven Optimization for Reference-Based Auto-Planning

Purpose: To study the procedure of reference-based auto-planning for treatment plan optimization and develop a threshold-driven optimization methodology for automatically generating a treatment plan that is motivated by a reference DVH and/or dose distribution. We study threshold-driven optimization for reference-based auto-planning (TORA). Methods: Commonly used voxel-based quadratic penalties have three components: an overdose weight, and underdose weight, and some target dose threshold. Conventional planning using such a function involves iteratively updating the preference weights while keeping the thresholds constant, an unintuitive and inconsistent method for planning towards some target DVH. In auto-planning, current cutting-edge techniques also focus on the preference weights while fixing the threshold values. However, driving the optimization by threshold values can achieve similar plans without the extreme updates usually required of the weight parameters. The proposed methodology directly relates reference information to threshold values, which influence the optimization in a more impactful, intuitive way than the preference weights. Results: This methodology was applied to a prostate cancer case as a proof-of-concept. Both IMRT and VMAT treatment planning models were able to closely achieve a reference DVH. Other cases and modalities will be studied. Conclusion: This auto-planning technique has the potential to be very effective for auto-planning based on reference plans. As dose prediction and data-driven planning becomes more prevalent in the clinical setting, incorporating such data into the treatment planning model in a clear, effective way will be crucial for efficient planning. Conventional methods of determining objective function parameters for a voxel-based quadratic objective function have shortcomings and a threshold-focused objective tuning should be explored, especially in the realm of efficient auto-planning. Supported by Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) - ID RP150485
Influence of Hearing Risk Information on the Motivation and Modification of Personal Listening Device Use.

Purpose The purpose of this study was (a) to investigate the behaviors, knowledge, and motivators associated with personal listening device (PLD) use and (b) to determine the influence of different types of hearing health risk education information (text with or without visual images) on motivation to modify PLD listening use behaviors in young adults. Method College-age students (N = 523) completed a paper-and-pencil survey tapping their behaviors, knowledge, and motivation regarding listening to music or media at high volume using PLDs. Participants rated their motivation to listen to PLDs at lower volume levels following each of three information sets: text only, behind-the-ear hearing aid image with text, and inner ear hair cell damage image with text. Results Acoustically pleasing and emotional motives were the most frequently cited (38%–45%) reasons for listening to music or media using a PLD at high volume levels. The behind-the-ear hearing aid image with text information was significantly (p < .00...
Exploring How Technology Growth Limits Impact Optimal Carbon dioxide Mitigation Pathways

Energy system optimization models prescribe the optimal mix of technologies and fuels for meeting energy demands over a time horizon, subject to energy supplies, demands, and other constraints. There may be realistic reasons why solely relying on the least cost technological pathway is not practical, however. For example, difficult-to-quantify factors may complicate the rapid expansion of specific technologies. Modelers may choose to limit technology penetration with growth bounds. Whether growth bounds have been used and how these bounds impact the model outputs are not always transparent, however. In this work, alternative growth bounds on wind and solar power, nuclear power, and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration are examined for a hypothetical greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation scenario. A nested parametric sensitivity analysis is used to examine the response to individual and combinations of bounds. From a modeling perspective, the results illustrate that growth bounds can have a large impact on shaping the least cost results. From a planning perspective, the results suggest that natural gas technologies may play a critical role in meeting GHG mitigation targets if optimistic goals for the expansion of nuclear, renewables, or sequestration are not met.
Pattern recognition: Uncommon clinical scenarios

Patients presenting for evaluation of thyroid and parathyroid disease may not exhibit typical ultrasound patterns of their underlying diagnosis. These situations may pose challenges to the clinician because the ultrasound features may falsely mimic endocrine disease. This chapter demonstrates three scenarios where the ultrasound pattern is best interpreted in the overall context of the patient’s presentation.
Overview of Thermal Hydraulics of Helium-Cooled Solid Divertors

AbstractDeveloping ways to effectively remove the extremely high heat fluxes incident on the plasma-facing components is an important challenge for magnetic fusion energy (MFE). In most cases, the ...
Exercise testing for the symptomatic athlete

Many physicians consider exercise tolerance testing for athletes to be counterintuitive in that these individuals routinely perform high-level activity that would stress the cardiovascular system. However, numerous case reports of high-level athletes experiencing cardiac death have underscored the importance of identifying the athlete with symptoms that warrant evaluation. An additional challenge of deciding who merits testing is the labeling of individuals as athletes and the differentiation between symptoms of physiologic stress and pathophysiology. Who is an athlete? If one considers that the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) definition for vigorous exercise requires the exertion of only a six metabolic equivalent (MET) workload [1], most of our younger and middle-aged patients routinely exceed this level. The current ACSM recommendations for physical activity qualify as moderate activity and easily can exceed the level defined as vigorous. Thus, a physician who strongly believes in the value of exercise tolerance testing (ETT) screening for athletes finds that most men above age 45 and smaller numbers of women above age 55 fall into the level of risk that merits testing (based on performance of work loads of moderate level for individuals with two or more risk factors or vigorous level with or without risk factors). For the athlete with symptoms, the nature of the symptoms outweighs any considerations of age or cardiac risk factors in the decision to perform testing. Identifying the symptomatic athlete also poses unique challenges, as strenuous aerobic activity always stresses the cardiopulmonary system. The description of the complaint must seem different or out of proportion to what an athlete experiences with exhaustive effort. In pediatric age groups and young adults, chest pain usually arises from a non-cardiac origin. Above age 30, chest pain in adults requires the subjective interpretation of the individual physician as to whether the complaint represents typical, atypical or non-anginal pain. Fortunately, guidelines help direct testing of both men and women with this complaint based on the pretest probability
African American women with subsequent preterm versus term delivery exhibit enhanced prenatal proinflammatory gene expression

Objective Inflammatory pathways are postulated to underlie marked racial disparities in preterm birth (PTB). However, data on the predictive value of proinflammatory gene expression profiles are lacking. Methods We conducted whole-genome transcriptional profiling on whole blood collected into Tempus blood RNA tubes from pregnant African American women using Illumina HT-12 BeadKits. The study included 8 women with subsequent PTB ( Results Promoter-based bioinformatics analyses (TELiS) identified functional commonalities among genes with differential expression (971 genes at p Discussion These data show both differentially a) upregulated proinflammatory gene expression and b) decreased viral-mediated immune genes in pregnant African Americans with subsequent preterm versus full-term delivery. These patterns are consistent with the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity (CTRA). Proinflammatory changes in gene expression may predict PTB risk in African America women, lending support to inflammatory causal pathways.
Predicting The Effects Of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid On Microhabitat Structure And Small Mammal Communities

Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) invasion and preemptive logging practices alter the habitat structure of New England forests and may indirectly affect associated small mammal communities. Microhabitat structure was measured and small mammals were censused in eight large experimental plots to quantify and predict these effects. The Harvard Forest Long-Term Ecological Research experiment is a replicated two-block design that includes four 0.81-ha canopy treatments: 1) Hemlock Control, 2) Hardwood Control, 3) Girdled Treatment, in which hemlock trees were killed by girdling in 2005 and left standing to simulate HWA invasion, and 4) Logged Treatment, in which trees were removed to simulate preemptive logging management practices. Nine microhabitat characteristics were measured from plot photos revealing differences among microhabitat structure. Small mammals were censused with arrays of 49 Sherman traps per plot and population sizes of common species were estimated with mark-recapture analysis. Between 6 and 8 mammal species were recorded in all treatments and species composition varied slightly. Populations of two common rodents (Peromyscus spp.) were not affected by treatment, but the southern red-backed vole population was greatest in the Girdled treatment. Estimated species richness was greater in the Girdled treatment than the Hemlock control, but richness did not differ between Girdled and Logged treatments, which suggests preemptive logging is as detrimental to some small mammal species as HWA invasion. Overall, nine years post disturbance, there is little evidence of a major shift in small mammal community structure in response to woolly adelgid invasion, with only minor changes in relative abundance.
Classroom Activity for Critical Analysis of News Propagation Online

We present an educational activity for college students to think critically about the truthfulness of news propagated in social media. This activity utilizes TwitterTrails, a visual tool to analyze Twitter claims, events, and memes. This tool provides views such as a propagation graph of a story's bursting activity, and the co-ReTweeted network of the more prominent members of the audience. Using a response and reflection form, students are guided through these different facets of a story. The classroom activity was iteratively designed over the course of three semesters. Here, we present the learning outcomes from our final semester's evaluation with 43 students. Our findings demonstrate that the activity provided students with both the conceptual tools and motivation to investigate the reliability of stories in social media. Our contribution also includes access to the tool and materials to conduct this activity. We hope that other educators will further improve and run this activity with their own students.
Structural, developmental and functional heterogeneity of rat GABAA receptors.

My laboratory has had a long interest in multigene families, starting with our earlier work on the developmental regulation of hemoglobin switching. I have especially been impressed both by the number of multigene families in the vertebrate genome and by their widespread developmental regulation, as exemplified by switching within the globin gene families. Even the lamprey, whose adult hemoglobin, unlike those of higher vertebrates, contains only one type of globin chain, has different forms in its larval and adult stages.
The examination of the validity of Bendford´s model in scope of accounting data of entrepreneurial units in the Czech Republic

The aim of this paper is to prove the validity, alternatively to elaborate the Benford’s model, in the scope of accounting data, gained from the entrepreneurial units in the Czech republic, as the part of study of the external regional economic relations at the level of the entrepreneurial subjects. The result of the examination should be considered as the contribution to the information system of the tax authorities, disposable to detect of the fraud in accounting data and to improve the efficiency of the tax inspections.
Metabolism of 4-methylimidazole in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.

Abstract 4-Methylimidazole (4-MeI) is a widely used chemical, also identified as a by-product of heating foods. In cancer bioassays, 4-MeI induced lung tumors in mice, but not in rats. To establish if metabolic differences could explain species difference in carcinogenicity, this study investigated metabolism of 4-MeI in rat and mouse lung and liver microsomes and S-9 fractions, and in vivo in rats and mice. No metabolites were detected in rat or mouse lung and liver microsomes, or lung S-9 fractions. Male and female F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were administered 50 and 150 mg/kg [14C] 4-MeI by gavage. Excreta, exhaled CO2 and volatiles were collected for 48 h. Elimination was mainly via urine, with 79–89% of the radioactivity in urine in rats and 41–70% in mice. Most of the radioactivity (71–88%) in urine was unchanged 4-MeI. Additional radioactive peaks (the largest metabolite was 8–18%) were characterized by LC-MS/MS as 4-hydroxymethylimidazole, its glucuronide, and other oxidized products, including methylhydantoin. 4-MeI was largely excreted unchanged in rats and mice with limited oxidative metabolism and conjugation. 4-MeI was not oxidized in subcellular fractions from rat and mouse lung and liver. Overall, the metabolism of 4-MeI appeared similar between rats and mice.
An evaluation of fevipiprant for the treatment of asthma: a promising new therapy?

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation that affects more than 230 million people worldwide. Current guidelines recommend an escalating stepwise decision mode...
Quine’s Intuition: Why Quine’s Early Nominalism is Naturalistic

According to a growing consensus in the secondary literature on Quine, the judgment Quine makes in favor of the nominalism outlined in “Steps Toward a Constructive Nominalism” (Goodman and Quine (1947)) is in tension with the naturalism he later adopts. In this paper, I show the consensus view is mistaken by showing that Quine’s judgment is rooted in a naturalistic standard of clarity. Moreover, I argue that Quine late in his career is committed to accepting one plausible reading of his judgment in 1947. In making these arguments, I draw attention to a version of naturalism that misreadings of Quine have prevented philosophers from appreciating, and thereby articulate and clarify a version of naturalism I recommend philosophers investigate today.
An examination of grit in black men who have sex with men and associations with health and social outcomes

AIMS This study sought to examine the prevalence and correlates of grit in a sample of Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in Baltimore, Maryland. METHODS A trained research assistant administered the Short-Grit and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scales and surveyed participants of a community-based behavioral health intervention for demographic, health, and sexual behaviors. RESULTS Of 239 participants, two-thirds scored in the high grit category. A greater proportion of men with high grit demonstrated higher educational attainment, were employed in the prior 6 months, reported very good/excellent health, were human immunodeficiency virus-positive, scored < 16 on the CES-D, and had more friends who were gay. After controlling for other variables, high grit was associated with higher odds of having more friends who are gay and lower odds of alcohol use, unemployment, and a high CES-D score. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that grit could be an important mechanism upon which to focus health and behavioral interventions for BMSM.
LONG-TERM THERAPY BAY 1142524, A CHYMASE-1 INHIBITOR, NORMALIZES PLASMA BIOMARKERS IN DOGS WITH CORONARY MICROEMBOLIZATION-INDUCED HEART FAILURE

Chymase-1 (CMA1) is a serine protease released from mast cells when activated by inflammation. CMA1 triggers angiotensin-II (A-II) formation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and reactive interstitial fibrosis (RIF) and contributes to worsening heart failure (HF). In HF dogs, therapy with the CMA1 inhibitor
Microsealed Drug Delivery Systems: Theoretical Aspects and Biomedical Assessments

Recently, a great extent of R & D interests and attention have been generated aiming to the optimization and prolongation of drug administration via the controlled release mechanisms of novel drug delivery systems (1,2).
tRNA METHYLTRANSFERASES IN NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC TISSUES

ABSTRACT: The tRNA methyltransferases are a complex family of enzymes which modify the structure of preformed transfer RNA by the insertion of methyl groups into specific positions in the four major nucleotides comprising tRNA. They are ubiquitously distributed in procaryotes and eucaryotes. The enzymes are species, organ, base, and even site specific for particular bases.
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Papillectomy for Ampullary Adenomas

Endoscopic papillectomy is a safe and effective treatment for ampullary adenomas and has mostly replaced surgical local resection. Recent data have discussed the role of endoscopic removal of laterally spreading adenomas associated with ampullary adenomas. We evaluated our long-term results of endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary adenomas. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent endoscopic papillectomy of biopsy-proven adenomas at our tertiary center between 1994 and 2017. Clinical success was defined as complete excision of an adenoma with no evidence of recurrence during follow-up, no evidence of cancer, and without the need for surgery. A total of 161 patients (73M/88F) with a mean age of 61 (range 19–93) were included. Mean adenoma size was 20 mm (range 5–70). In total, 114/161 patients continued endoscopic surveillance for a minimum of 6 months with a median follow-up of 30 months (range 6–283). Recurrent adenomas were diagnosed in 8 patients (7%) after a median of 36 months (range 12–138). Clinical success was 83%; 35 laterally spreading adenomas were treated, which were larger than adenomas confined to the papilla (mean size 38 mm vs 15 mm, P < 0.05) and required more piecemeal resections (77% vs 15%, P < 0.05). However, no difference was found in recurrence rates between the two groups (8% vs 4%, P = 0.26); 24/161 (15%) of patients had adverse events including bleeding (6%) and pancreatitis (7%). Endoscopic papillectomy is a safe and effective treatment for ampullary adenomas, including laterally spreading ones. Long-term surveillance demonstrates low recurrence rates at expert centers.
Utilisation of emergency departments of behavioural disorders and supply of workforce in Nebraska

Background Emergency departments (EDs) have become entry points for treating behavioural health (BH) conditions, thereby rendering the evaluation of their utilisation necessary. Objectives This study estimated behavioural-related hospital-based ED visits and outcomes of leaving against medical advice as well as the incurred charges within the primarily rural State of Nebraska. Also, the study correlated behavioural workforce distribution and location of EDs with ED utilisation. Methods Nebraska State Emergency Department Database provided information on utilisation of services, charges, diagnoses and demographic. Health Professional Tracking Services survey provided the distribution of EDs and BH workforce by region. To examine the effect of patient characteristics on discharge against medical advice, multivariable logistic regression modelling was used. Findings US$96.4 million were ED charges for 52 035 visits for BH disorders over 3 years. Of these, 35% and 50% were between 25 and 44-years old and privately insured, respectively. The uninsured (OR:1.53, p=0.0047) and 45–64 years old (OR:2.31, p Conclusions There were high ED rates among the limited number EDs facilities in rural Nebraska. Rural regions of Nebraska faced workforce shortages and had high numbers of ED visits at relatively few accessible EDs. Clinical implications Customised rural-centric public health programmes, which are based in clinical settings, can encourage patients to adhere to ED-treatment. Also, increasing the availability of BH workforce (either via telehealth or part-time presence) in rural areas can alleviate the problem and reduce ED revisits.
Abstract WP279: Concordance of Paramedic and Hospital Documented Last Known Well Times for EMS Transported Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background: Last known well time (LKWT) is increasingly used by EMS systems to identify acute stroke patients appropriate for direct routing to Stroke Centers. However, determining LKWT in the fiel...
Opioids' Long Shadow

2020 is not the only time the world has seen opioids ruining the lives of thousands. This article discusses 3 historical episodes in which the need to relieve pain was challenged by the need to prevent and control opioid addiction: the era of iatrogenic addiction in the early 20th century before and after the passage of the Harrison Act of 1914; the shift in attitudes toward and treatment of pain from the 1950s to the 1970s; and the current opioid epidemic, fueled by opioid overprescription and overuse, from the late 1990s to the present. These episodes illustrate the tensions between pain relief and risk reduction and between clinical practice guidelines and modern corporate health care, as well as the stigmatization of chronic illness in American culture and society.
From Alcatraz to Standing Rock: Archaeology and Contemporary Native American Protests (1969–Today)

Public and professional responses to the Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) protests reveal a space where archaeologists can potentially connect past and present. Archaeology has already been applied to protests over labor conditions, environment destruction, and weapons proliferation in both the United States and United Kingdom. Extending that work to Native American protests raises awareness of the legacy of the broken treaties that underlie many of these actions. For example, the 1969–1971 occupation of Alcatraz Island is where contemporary Native American protest history often begins. A simple pushpin map of protests since then shows that the DAPL protest at Standing Rock was unique only in its extensive media coverage. Building greater awareness of these actions will improve the ways archaeologists carry out their compliance responsibilities and respond to an often-misinformed public. Working with tribal colleagues to identify protest sites would enhance existing efforts to protect ancient sites and reinforce the need for tribal input in evaluating impacts to its cultural landscapes.
Patient-Perpetrated Harassment Policies in Patient Bills of Rights and Responsibilities at US Academic Medical Centers.

This cross-sectional study examines the degree to which patient bills of rights and responsibilities from 50 academic hospitals in the US communicate a zero-tolerance policy against patient-perpetrated sexual harassment toward health care professionals.
Fundamentals of Classical and Modern Error-Correcting Codes

Using easy-to-follow mathematics, this textbook provides comprehensive coverage of block codes and techniques for reliable communications and data storage. It covers major code designs and constructions from geometric, algebraic, and graph-theoretic points of view, decoding algorithms, error control additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and erasure, and dataless recovery. It simplifies a highly mathematical subject to a level that can be understood and applied with a minimum background in mathematics, provides step-by-step explanation of all covered topics, both fundamental and advanced, and includes plenty of practical illustrative examples to assist understanding. Numerous homework problems are included to strengthen student comprehension of new and abstract concepts, and a solutions manual is available online for instructors. Modern developments, including polar codes, are also covered. An essential textbook for senior undergraduates and graduates taking introductory coding courses, students taking advanced full-year graduate coding courses, and professionals working on coding for communications and data storage.
QuantumNAS: Noise-Adaptive Search for Robust Quantum Circuits

Quantum noise is the key challenge in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. Limited research efforts have explored a higher level of optimization by making the quantum circuit resilient to noise. We propose and experimentally implement QuantumNAS, the first comprehensive framework for noise-adaptive co-search of variational circuit and qubit mapping. Variational quantum circuits are a promising approach for constructing quantum neural networks for machine learning and variational ansatzes for quantum simulation. However, finding the best variational circuit and its optimal parameters is challenging in a high-dimensional Hilbert space. We propose to decouple the parameter training and circuit search by introducing a novel gate-sharing SuperCircuit. The SuperCircuit is trained by sampling and updating the SubCircuits in it and provides an accurate estimation of SubCircuit performance trained from scratch. Then we perform an evolutionary co-search of SubCircuit and its qubit mapping. The SubCircuit performance is estimated with parameters inherited from SuperCircuit and simulated with real device noise models. Finally, we perform iterative gate pruning and finetuning to further remove the redundant gates in a fine-grained manner. Extensively evaluated with 12 QML and VQE benchmarks on 10 quantum computers, QuantumNAS significantly outperforms noise-unaware search, human and random baselines. For QML tasks, QuantumNAS is the first to demonstrate over 95% 2-class, 85% 4-class, and 32% 10-class classification accuracy on real quantum computers. It also achieves the lowest eigenvalue for VQE tasks on H2, H2O, LiH, CH4, BeH2 compared with UCCSD baselines. We also open-source QuantumEngine (this https URL) for fast training of parameterized quantum circuits to facilitate future research.
High pressure processing of raw meat with essential oils-microbial survival, meat quality, and models: A review

Abstract High pressure processing (HPP) is one of the most successful nonthermal technique adopted by the meat industry. Raw beef and poultry meat commercially produced using HPP are processed at intense pressure levels for microbiological safety purposes, which, however, have been associated with impact on quality attributes, e.g., texture, appearance/color, and oxidation of proteins and lipids. Research over the last decade has shown that HPP may be operated at mild settings without compromising bacterial inactivation when combined with plant-origin essential oils (EOs). This review discusses 1) the effects and the underlying mechanisms of HPP on bacterial inactivation and on meat quality, 2) the antimicrobial activities of individual or mixed EOs when combined with HPP, and 3) the development of statistical models for foodborne pathogen reduction using HPP involving multiple parameters, e.g., pressure level, holding time, temperature, concentrations of antimicrobial agents, etc.; which may assist in process optimization of HPP-based hurdle technologies.
A Mechanism Design Approach to Solve Ransomware Dilemmas.

Recently ransomware attacks have caused tremendous costs for businesses and society. Although cybersecurity researchers have developed best practices to protect computer systems from hackers, it is not expected that ransomware attacks will be prohibited in a near future mainly due to their complexity and profitability. Despite the wide research studies for developing the proactive approaches to protect the systems from ransomware attacks, facilitating the negotiation between attacker and victim after a successful attack has not been well investigated yet. As the attacker does not know the victim’s true valuation for the data and the victim does not know the minimum ransom value that can satisfy the attacker, bargaining for ransom value can be time-consuming causing extra interruption cost for the victim. On the other hand, as there is no guarantee that the attacker will in turn release the decryption key after the payment of ransom, many victims are reluctant to pay the ransom and they accept the cost of data loss. Therefore, it is important to facilitate the negotiation between the attacker and victim to accelerate the release of data. To this end, first, we propose a mechanism to assist the negotiation for ransom value without a Trusted Third Party (TTP). We study the fair ransom value and investigate the development of a double-sided-blind auction mechanism to achieve the incentive-compatibility. In the second part, we propose a mechanism enforcing the victim and attacker to make the payment and release of decryption key without a TTP. To achieve this goal, we create a dynamic game and set incentives such that the subgame perfect equilibrium matches our design goal. We utilize smart-contract for the implementation of our proposed mechanisms to alleviate the TTP requirement.
Local Buckling of Long-Span Folded Plates

An approximate analysis of a long end-supported folded plate structure with or without transverse stiffeners to predict the load at which a local buckle will appear in one or more of its constituent elements is presented. Based on the observations of numerous experiments of folded plate models subjected to load levels of sufficient intensity to create buckling in a plate element, the local buckle is assumed to be a rectangular or skewed panel which is a portion of a multi-waved buckled surface. This panel, which is subjected to in-plane normal and shearing forces, is analyzed using the energy approach. This approach makes use of stress functions which may be obtained from any of the available general methods of folded plate stress analysis and yields a closed-form solution for the load associated with the local buckle. Comparisons with previous analyses and experimental results are also presented.
Cervical Spine Injuries

Compared with the relatively rigid thoracic spine and moderately flexible lumbar spine, the cervical spine is the most flexible of the three allowing significant range of motion (ROM) in all planes at the cost of relative stability, especially when the structures of the neck are stressed. The region relies heavily on ligaments and other soft tissue structures to maintain physiological ROM. The cervical spine is composed of seven vertebrae. The occipital-atlantal and C1-C2 joints together account for 34% of the available cervical flexion and extension, whereas 54% of the total cervical rotation takes place at C1-C2. Motion at this these joints, however, accounts for only 10% of lateral bending. The greatest cervical flexion and extension takes place at C5-C6 and C6-C7, whereas the greatest side bending occurs at C2-C3 and C3-C4 with relatively less motion in all planes occurring at the lowest cervical levels. Excessive pathological neck mobility is kept in check by both static and dynamic stabilizers. Static stabilizers include the following structures: the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL), intervertebral disc, ligamentum flavum, facet capsules, interspinous ligaments, and
The flow of AAIW along the equator

Abstract A numerical model of the Atlantic ocean is used to understand the observations of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) along the equatorial Atlantic. It is demonstrated that the the available velocity measurements of the equatorial AAIW can be explained by seasonal Rossby waves, and that their previous interpretation as strong zonal currents could be the result of an abasing of the tropical wave field. Although this model study suggests that there is no Eulerian mean flow of AAIW along the equator, it shows that planetary waves induce a zonal Stokes drift.
Perspectives on Authentic Dialogue as a Viable Pathway to Global Citizenship

(2013). Perspectives on Authentic Dialogue as a Viable Pathway to Global Citizenship. Comparative Literature: East & West: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 18-31.
A little Java, a few patterns

Java is a new object-oriented programming language that was developed by Sun Microsystems for programming the Internet and intelligent appliances. In a very short time it has become one of the most widely used programming languages for education as well as commercial applications.Design patterns, which have moved object-oriented programming to a new level, provide programmers with a language to communicate with others about their designs. As a result, programs become more readable, more reusable, and more easily extensible.In this book, Matthias Felleisen and Daniel Friedman use a small subset of Java to introduce pattern-directed program design. With their usual clarity and flair, they gently guide readers through the fundamentals of object-oriented programming and pattern-based design. Readers new to programming, as well as those with some background, will enjoy their learning experience as they work their way through Felleisen and Friedman's dialogue.
Circulating Human Antibody-Secreting Cells during Vaccinations and Respiratory Viral Infections Are Characterized by High Specificity and Lack of Bystander Effect

Surges of serum Abs after immunization and infection are highly specific for the offending Ag, and recent studies demonstrate that vaccines induce transient increases in circulating Ab-secreting cells (ASCs). These ASCs are highly enriched but not universally specific for the immunizing Ag, suggesting that a fraction of these ASCs could arise from polyclonal bystander stimulation of preexisting memory cells to unrelated Ags. This model is proposed to explain maintenance of long-lived serological memory in the absence of Ag exposure. To test this model, we measure the ability of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection or immunizations to influenza virus, tetanus toxoid, hepatitis B Ag, and human papillomavirus to stimulate bystander memory cells specific for other major environmental Ags that represent a large fraction of the preexisting memory B compartment. Bystander or nonspecific ASC responses to respiratory syncytial virus and tetanus could not be detected above the background levels in healthy adults, despite the presence of circulating memory B cells specific for the corresponding Ags. Nonspecific ASC responses in the healthy subjects and cord blood samples were similar. In contrast, both vaccination and infection induce massive expansion of circulating Ag-specific ASCs without significant increases in the frequencies of ASCs against unrelated Ags. Hence, nonspecific stimulation of memory B cells is unlikely to contribute to the mechanisms of long-term serological memory against major human pathogens. Additionally, high specificity of circulating ASCs after antigenic challenge highlights the diagnostic value of interrogating ASCs as an ideal single-time-point diagnostic immune surrogate for serology during acute infection.
Heterogeneous water table response to climate revealed by 60 years of ground water data

[1] Recent findings suggest that climate change will lead to modifications in the timing and nature of precipitation, giving rise to an altered hydrologic cycle. The response of subsurface hydrology to decadal climate and longer-term climate change to date has been investigated via site specific analyses, modeling studies, and proxy analysis. Here we present the first instrumental long-term regional compilation and analysis of the water table response to the last 60 years of climate in New England. Ground water trends are calculated as normalized anomalies and analyzed with respect to regional compiled precipitation, temperature, and streamflow. The time-series display decadal patterns with ground water levels being more variable and lagging that of precipitation and streamflow pointing to site specific and non-linear response to changes in climate. Recent trends (i.e., last 10 years) suggest statistically significant increasing water tables, which could lead to a higher risk for flooding in New England.
Calculating shared fragments for the single digest problem

A partial restriction map can be computed by using single digest fragments from a set of clones that are known to be in a contig. If there is no error or uncertainty in the data, so that the set of unique restriction fragments can be calculated exactly, then the restriction map can be assembled using a polynomial-time algorithm based on the consecutive 1's property. However, there are typically both error and uncertainty in the data. The data being used are from the chromosome 16 mapping project at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The authors have developed an algorithm that consists of two steps: (1) calculate the set of unique restriction fragments and (2) assemble the fragments such that the set of fragments for each clone is contiguous. The problem of solving the first step when there are error and uncertainty in the data is addressed. >
Human figure modeling for virtual environment applications

Many applications would benefit from graphical simulation and emerging virtual environment (VE) technologies, and for many of these cases, the VE system must be able to display accurate models of human figures. The author surveys major modeling techniques for representing and simulating synthetic humans, or virtual actors, and discusses the relative importance of these simulation and modeling techniques for various VE applications. >