cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Involvement of MAP-kinase, PI3-kinase and EGF-receptor in the stimulatory effect of Neurotensin on DNA synthesis in PC3 cells.

Abstract The mechanism by which neurotensin (NT) promotes the growth of prostate cancer epithelial cells is not yet defined. Here, androgen-independent PC3 cells, which express high levels of the type 1 NT-receptor (NTR1), are used to examine the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, SAPK/JNK and p38), PI3 kinase and PKC in the mitogenic effect of NT. NT dose dependently (0.1–30 nM) enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK and Akt, reaching maximal levels within 3 min as measured by Western blotting. These effects were associated with an accumulation of EGF-like substance(s) in the medium (assayed by EGFR binding) and a 2-fold increase in DNA synthesis (assayed by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation). The DNA synthesis enhancement by NT was non-additive with that of EGF. The NT-induced stimulation of EGFR/ERK/Akt phosphorylation and DNA synthesis was inhibited by EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (AG1478, PD153035), metallo-endopeptidase inhibitor phosphoramidon and by heparin, but not by neutralizing anti-EGF antibody. Thus, transactivation of EGFR by NT involved heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF or amphiregulin) rather than EGF. The effects of NT on EGFR/ERK/Akt activation and DNA synthesis were attenuated by PLC-inhibitor (U73122), PKC-inhibitors (bisindolylmaleimide, staurosporine, rottlerin), MEK inhibitor (U0126) and PI3 kinase inhibitors (wortmannin, LY 294002). We conclude that NT stimulated mitogenesis in PC3 cells by a PKC-dependent ligand-mediated transactivation of EGFR, which led to stimulation of the Raf–MEK–ERK pathway in a PI3 kinase-dependent manner.
Neighboring group participation by the pyrrole nucleus

Abstract Using proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy, the transformation of 2-hydroxyethylpyrroles (5,15) into 2-haloethylpyrroles by treatment with thionyl chloride or carbon tetrabromide/triphenylphosphine is shown to proceed by randomization of the two side-chain carbon atoms. A spirocyclopropylpyrrolium ion (19) is postulated as an intermediate in this unexpected process.
Effect of concussive head injury on central catecholamine levels and synthesis rates in rat brain regions.

—Unanesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to head injury using a unique acceleration-deceleration model designed to mimic the most prevalent form of clinical head injury. Endogenous tyrosine, dopamine and norepinephrine were determined fluorometrically and catecholamine synthesis rates were determined by a radioisotopic method. These values were determined in four brain regions: cortex-striatum, midbrain-hypothalamus, medulla-pons, and cerebellum, and were performed at 5 min, 15 min, 1 h, and 2h post-trauma. Dopamine levels were elevated in the medulla pons region at 5 min after trauma and in the midbrain-hypothalamus at the 15 min and 1 h time periods. This increase in dopamine levels may reflect disruption of dopamine beta hydroxylase activity. Norepinephrine synthesis rate in the cerebellum was elevated at 2 h after trauma. Changes in the other parameters were observed but appeared to be related to stress, and the effect of stress in this model is discussed.
Spectroscopic evidence for a heme-superoxide/Cu(I) intermediate in a functional model of cytochrome c oxidase.

A superstructured tetraphenylporphyrin with a covalently attached proximal imidazole axial base and three distal imidazole pickets has been developed as a model for the active site of terminal oxidases such as cytochrome c oxidase. The oxygen adduct of the Fe-only heme (at low temperature) has a diamagnetic NMR and is EPR silent, which taken together with a resonance Raman oxygen isotope sensitive band (νFe−O) at 575/554 cm-1 (16O2/18O2) indicates formation of a six-coordinate heme−superoxide complex. Unexpectedly, the Fe/Cu complex, where the copper is in a trisimidazole environment ∼5 A above the heme plane, displays similar characteristics: a diamagnetic NMR, EPR silence, and νFe−O at 570/544 cm-1. This indicates the dioxygen adduct of this Fe/Cu system is also a superoxide. This contrasts with previously characterized partially reduced dioxygen intermediates of binuclear heme/copper complexes that form Fe/Cu μ-peroxo complexes.
An autoradiographic study of the renewal of argentaffin cells in human rectal mucosa.

The proliferation of argentaffin cells has been studied in human rectal mucosa by combining histochemical identification of argentaffin cells with microautoradiography. The observed minimum duration of the G2 (premitotic) portion of interphase was 534 hr, and estimates of replacement time of the argentaffin cell population were about 35–100 days. Within these estimates, the generation time of individual cells appeared to vary greatly, some remaining for long periods in the G2 or G1 (postmitotic) portions of interphase.
Training Parents as Effective Literacy Tutors: Increasing the Procedural Integrity of Tutoring

We trained parents to tutor their child through implementing a repeated reading procedure designed to increase oral reading fluency. Our study was conducted over a two-week winter break at the homes of the parent and child. Baseline data for each child were collected using curriculum-based measurement (CBM) to determine an instructional reading level prior to the tutoring session. Following baseline, we trained parents as tutors to implement all aspects of the reading procedure including administering, scoring, and recording data. All sessions were audio recorded to assist with the data collection, scoring, treatment integrity, and interobserver agreement (IOA). According to results from our study, parent tutors were able to accurately score the reading probes and implement the repeated reading procedure with a high level of treatment fidelity following the training. In addition, parents were satisfied with the tutoring experience and the reading fluency for all children increased at the completion of the...
A teaching module to introduce encryption for web users

This paper presents the components of a module of approximately two hours duration that is designed to expose students to the basic functioning of a private/public key encryption system and how it is employed in the web environment. The intended audience is students with basic computer literacy skills. The focus of the paper is the uses of encryption without focusing on the underlying mathematics of encryption. Since the Internet is an unsecured and relatively unregulated medium, the user must be able to identify the level of confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility that the different uses of encryption will provide. The module provides an efficient way of presenting the techniques, issues, and nomenclature of current encryption systems to a relatively unsophisticated audience in a limited period of time.
Association of health‐related quality of life with dual use of prescription and over‐the‐counter nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Objective Inadequate prescription therapy pain management, lack of doctor-patient communication about over-the-counter (OTC) medications, and easy accessibility of OTC medications may contribute to patients using more than 1 medication to manage pain. It is well established that taking multiple nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can lead to serious gastrointestinal problems. Little is known about whether use of more than 1 NSAID (i.e., dual use) is related to patient self-reported outcomes, specifically health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We hypothesized that dual use of NSAIDs would be associated with reduced HRQOL. Methods Patients from a managed care organization who filled ≥1 NSAID prescription over a 6-month period were eligible for a telephone interview focusing on NSAID use, which included the Short Form 12 (SF-12) Health Survey. Dual use was defined as taking 2 NSAIDs, either prescription or OTC, at least twice weekly during the past month. A multivariable linear regression model examined the association between dual use and the Physical Component Summary score (PCS-12) from the SF-12. Results Dual use was associated with lower PCS-12 scores indicating poorer HRQOL, after controlling for clinical and demographic factors. Conclusion Patients may self-manage their pain to improve their daily activities by taking more than 1 NSAID. However, by attempting to obtain symptom relief, patients may be putting themselves at risk for complications. Providers are likely unaware of patients' risk. Future research should evaluate the causal factors contributing to dual use.
Assertion modeling and stimuli effects on assertive behavior and self-efficacy in adolescents.

Abstract The present investigation examined variations of modeling and stimuli with 61 adolescents selected for unassertive or aggressive behavior toward teachers. A 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design evaluated the effects of type of assertion modeling (three sessions of overt vs covert vs no-modeling), type of training stimuli (single involving teachers only vs multiple involving teachers, parents and peers) and type of initial behavior (unassertive vs aggressive) on behavioral role-play and self-efficacy. Modeling, particularly overt modeling, improved assertive behavior in teacher situations, peer situations and total teacher, parent, and peer situations. The use of single type stimuli improved self-efficacy in total teacher, parent and peer situations, and in novel situations involving others. Behavior but not self-efficacy was differentially affected by initial unassertive or aggressive behavior of participants. Self-efficacy and behavior were only moderately correlated. Results suggest effectiveness of short-term modeling with adolescents and different specificity properties of self-efficacy and assertive behavior.
Protection of the Peyer's patch-associated crypt and villus epithelium against methotrexate-induced damage is based on its distinct regulation of proliferation

The crypt and villus epithelium associated with Peyer's patches (PPs) is largely spared from methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage, compared with the non-patch (NP) epithelium. To assess the mechanism(s) preventing damage to the PP epithelium after MTX treatment, epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, and cell functions were studied in a rat-MTX model. Small intestinal segments containing PPs were excised after MTX treatment. Epithelial proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by detection of incorporated BrdU and cleaved caspase-3, respectively. Epithelial functions were determined by the expression of cell type-specific gene products at mRNA and protein level. Before and after MTX treatment, the number of BrdU-positive cells was higher in PP crypts than in NP crypts. BrdU incorporation was diminished in NP crypts, while in PP crypts incorporation was hardly affected. In PP and NP crypts, similar and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells were observed after MTX. The enterocyte markers, sucrase-isomaltase, sodium-glucose co-transporter 1, glucose transporters 2 and 5, and intestinal and liver fatty acid binding protein, were down-regulated after MTX in NP epithelium but not in PP epithelium. In contrast, expression of the goblet cell markers, Muc2 and trefoil factor 3, and the Paneth cell marker, lysozyme, was maintained after MTX in both PP and NP epithelium. In conclusion, as MTX-induced apoptosis was similar in PP and NP crypts, the protection of the PP epithelium seems to be based on differences in the regulation of epithelial proliferation. Enterocyte function in the PP epithelium was unaffected by MTX treatment. Goblet and Paneth cell function was maintained in both NP and PP epithelium.
Another Look from Sanderson's Farm: A Perspective on New England Environmental History and Conservation

AbstractHugh Raup's “Sanderson's Farm” essay is remembered for its vivid account of New England land use history, illustrated by the famous Harvard Forest dioramas. But Raup also used that history ...
Semiclassical theory of Coulomb blockade peak heights in chaotic quantum dots

We develop a semiclassical theory of Coulomb blockade peak heights in chaotic quantum dots. Using Berry's conjecture, we calculate peak height distributions and correlation functions. We demonstrate that corrections to the corresponding results of the standard statistical theory are nonuniversal, and can be expressed in terms of the classical periodic orbits of the dot that are well coupled to the leads. The main effect is an oscillatory dependence of the peak heights on any parameter which is varied; it is substantial for both symmetric and asymmetric lead placement. Surprisingly, these dynamical effects do not influence the full distribution of peak heights, but are clearly seen in the correlation function or power spectrum. For nonzero temperature, the correlation function obtained theoretically is consistent with that measured experimentally.
Coagulation Proteins in the Seminal Vesicle and Coagulating Gland of the Mouse

As part of a program to study the formation of the vaginal plug in the mouse, we estimated the number of proteins taking part in the coagulation process, using two electrophoretic methods. Acid polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (pH 4.3) gave 11 basic seminal vesicle protein bands, of which 7 disappeared from the supernatant following coagulation in vitro. Polyacrylamide gel isofocusing on the other hand gave a pattern of 25 protein bands, of which 5 disappeared from the supernatant following coagulation in vitro. The 5 bands focused within the pH range 8.2 to 9J and corresponded to the 7 bands removed by coagulation in the acid gel system. The data thus suggest that as many as 5, and perhaps 7, soluble proteins may take part in coagulation. The principal band in both systems focused in the pH 9.3 region and had a molecular weight of 43,000 estimated by SDS gel electrophoresis. We found no genetic variation in electrophoretic pattern of basic fraction proteins among mice of the 16 inbred strains and three translocation stocks examined. Acid gel electrophoresis of rat seminal vesicle gland (SVG) secretion, before and after coagulation in vitro, gave patterns similar to those of the mouse. Seven of eleven bands having Rf values like those of the mouse disappeared following in vitro �!oagulation. Rat and mouse heterologous coagulating gland-seminal vesicle gland (CG-SVG) coagulation mixtures gave similar patterns.
Comparing Old and Young Adults as They Cope with Life Transitions: The Links between Social Network Management Skills and Attachment Style to Depression

Smaller social networks are associated with poorer health and well-being, especially as people negotiate life transitions. Many older adults, however, tend to have smaller networks, without the expected negative outcomes. To understand better how older adults avoid such outcomes we measured social network management skills, attachment style, and depression among individuals going through a life transition. Older adults who recently became caregivers were compared with young adults who recently transitioned to college. Although older adults initiated fewer and terminated more social ties (being selective in their choice of network members), both age groups had an equal number of close network members. A closer look revealed that securely attached older adults maintained their social ties, and in turn, sustained low levels of depression. These findings emphasize the importance of attachment style and network skills to mental health in general, and among older adults specifically.
Synthesis of a Radiotracer for Studying k‐Subtype Opiate Receptors: N‐[11C‐methyl]‐N‐(trans‐2‐pyrrolidinyl‐cyclohexyl)‐3,4‐dichlorophenylacetamide ([11C](±)U‐50488H)

The radiochemical synthesis of a κ-subtype opiate receptor ligand, [11C](±)U-50488H, was accomplished either in two steps or by direct methylation with [11C]iodomethane. The radiotracer was purified using reversed phase semipreparative HPLC. The average specific activity was 1830 mCi/μmole (calculated at the end-of-synthesis; EOS) for the direct methylation and 2140 mCi/μmole EOS for the two-step one-pot synthesis. The average time of synthesis including formulation was approximately 22 minutes for the direct methylation and 27 minutes for the two-step one-pot synthesis.
Oviposition Behavior of Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Different Rice Cultivars in Louisiana

The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), is a pest of a variety of graminaceous crops in the southern United States, including sugarcane, maize, and rice in Louisiana. This study examined several aspects of D. saccharalis oviposition behavior on rice (Oryza sativa). The vertical distribution of egg masses on four phenological stages of rice in the field showed that D. saccharalis prefers to oviposit on the uppermost portions of rice plants, regardless of plant stage. In greenhouse choice experiments, females strongly preferred plants at the boot and panicle differentiation stages over plants at the tillering stage for oviposition. Greenhouse studies were also conducted to quantify the oviposition preference of D. saccharalis for different cultivars of. When plants were at the tillering stage, cultivars Cocodrie, Priscilla, Bengal, Cheniere, and CL161 were more preferred than cultivars Jupiter, XL723, and XP744. When plants reached the panicle initiation stage, cultivars Cocodrie, CL161, and Priscilla were more preferred than Bengal, Cheniere, Jupiter, XL723, and XP744. Females also oviposited significantly more egg masses on the adaxial surfaces of rice leaves than on the abaxial surfaces. These results will facilitate scouting and management of sugarcane borer and can be used as a foundation for the development of sugarcane borer resistant cultivars.
Updated nomogram to predict pathologic stage of prostate cancer given prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score (Partin tables) based on cases from 2000 to 2005.

Objectives To update the 2001 “Partin tables” with a contemporary patient cohort and revised variable categorization, correcting for the effects of stage migration. Methods We analyzed 5730 men treated with prostatectomy (without neoadjuvant therapy) between 2000 and 2005 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Average age was 57 years. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of organ-confined disease, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, or lymph node involvement. Predictor variables included preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (0 to 2.5, 2.6 to 4.0, 4.1 to 6.0, 6.1 to 10.0, and greater than 10.0 ng/mL), clinical stage (T1c, T2a, and T2b/T2c), and biopsy Gleason score (5 to 6, 3 + 4 = 7, 4 + 3 = 7, or 8 to 10). Bootstrap resampling was used to generate 95% confidence intervals for predicted probabilities. Results Seventy-seven percent of patients had T1c, 76% had Gleason score 5 to 6, 80% had a PSA level between 2.5 and 10.0 ng/mL, and 73% had organ-confined disease. Nomograms were developed for the predicted probability of pathologically organ-confined disease, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, or lymph node involvement. The risk of non-organ-confined disease increased with increases in any individual prognostic factor. The dramatic decrease in clinical stage T2c compared with the patient series used in the previous models resulted in T2b and T2c being combined as a single predictor in the nomogram. Conclusions These updated “Partin tables” were generated to reflect trends in presentation and pathologic stage for men diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer at our institution. Clinicians and patients can use these nomograms to help make important decisions regarding management of prostate cancer.
Retrieving Meaning In Teacher Education The Question Of Being

In this article we examine "meaning" and "action" within the "good" work of teaching and learning. One premise of our argument is that teachers and students deserve to experience this good. The second premise is that meaning is part and parcel of Being; the debate about meaning must include attention to meaning as a question/project of Being. We offer our experiences as an educational anthropologist, educational philosopher, and teacher educator who strive to retrieve and pursue meaning and Being as common resources and aspirations.
Boundary Layer Depth, Entrainment, and Decoupling in the Cloud-Capped Subtropical and Tropical Marine Boundary Layer

Abstract Estimates of marine boundary layer (MBL) depth and degree of decoupling for two regions of the subtropical and tropical east Pacific are presented using satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI). These data are combined in a novel way with NCEP reanalysis data and a mixing line parameterization to estimate the mean entrainment rate we over the two regions. Mean entrainment rates vary geographically and have maxima just downwind of the Californian coast (we ≈ 4–5 mm s−1), and also in the core of the equatorial east Pacific cold tongue where mean we exceeds 6 mm s−1. Entrainment exceeds subsidence by 30% or less in the subtropical stratocumulus regions. North of the equatorial cold tongue entrainment greatly exceeds subsidence, producing a rapid deepening of the MBL as air flows over a marked SST gradient. Shallow MBLs (zi < 500–700 m) are found to be well mixed in general. The deco...
Electromagnetic annealing for the 100 nm technology node

Electromagnetic induction heating (EMIH) is a novel rapid thermal processing technique that uses microwave and radio frequency (RF) radiation to directly heat silicon wafers. Heating rates of 125/spl deg/C/s have been achieved and 75 mm diameter wafers have been heated above 1000/spl deg/C using only 950 W of power. EMIH has been used to activate shallow implanted dopants with minimal diffusion of the junction depth. It is speculated that the exposure of the wafer to intense electric fields during the anneal may provide an additional driving force for dopant activation, allowing for higher activation at lower temperatures. Post-anneal junction depths less than 25 nm with sheet resistances between 700 and 1000 ohms/square have been achieved without the use of a controlled low oxygen ambient. The EMIH Rs-Xj curve penetrates the SEMATECH 100 nm technology box and with further optimizations may satisfy the 70 nm technology node.
Higher Food Prices in Sub-Saharan Africa: Poverty Impact and Policy Responses

The increase in food prices represents a major crisis for the world's poor. This paper aims to review the evidence on the potential impact of higher food prices on poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, and examines the extent to which policy responses will benefit the poor. The paper shows that rising food prices are likely to lead to higher poverty in sub-Saharan Africa as the negative impact on net poor consumers outweighs the benefits to poor producers. A recent survey shows that the most common policy response in sub-Saharan African countries is reducing taxes on food while outside the region price controls or targeted consumer subsidies are the most popular measure. Sub-Saharan African countries also have a higher prevalence of food-based safety net programs which are being scaled up to respond to rising prices. The review suggests that the benefits from reducing import tariffs on staples may accrue largely to the non-poor. Social protection programs show more promise, but geographic targeting is likely to be crucial in ensuring that benefits reach the neediest. The paper also argues that anti-poverty interventions ought to retain their focus on rural areas where poverty remains highest even after taking into account the adverse impact on the urban poor due to the rise in food prices.
Dual-mode and quad-mode Mobius bandpass filters

Dual-mode and quad-mode Mobius wire-loaded cavity resonators are being developed for compact bandpass filter applications. Initial results on tuned filters indicate that excellent filter characteristics can be attained in devices that are significantly smaller than traditional wire loaded cavity technology. A novel quad-mode Mobius resonator is presented which occupies the same volume as a dual-mode Mobius resonator. Precisely-controlled dielectric loading of dual-mode Mobius wire loaded bandpass filters has been recently implemented. The passband characteristics are quite encouraging despite the limited tuning used to date.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Bacterial Inactivation by Ultrasound Waves and Sonoprotective Effect of Milk Components

Inactivation of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in buffer and milk upon treatment with ultrasound waves (USW). In addition, sonoprotective effect of milk components and ultrasound-induced changes in bacterial cells were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bacterial cells were added to phosphate buffer, whole milk, skim milk, or simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF). To determine the sonoprotective effect of milk components, lactose (5%), casein (3%), or β lactoglobulin (0.3%) was added to SMUF. Samples were sonicated with 24 kHz pulse USW while maintaining the system temperature between 30 to 35 °C. Aliquots were drawn at set times during sonication and bacteria were enumerated by surface plating appropriate dilutions on selective and nonselective media plates. Escherichia coli exhibited significantly higher D values in whole (2.43 min) and skim milk (2.41 min) than phosphate buffer (2.19 min). Listeria monocytogenes also showed higher D values in whole (9.31 min) and skim milk (8.61 min) compared to phosphate buffer (7.63 min). Data suggest that milk exerts a sonoprotective effect on these bacteria. Escherichia coli exhibited a log-linear inactivation kinetics followed by tailing whereas L. monocytogenes showed 1st-order kinetics throughout. Among the milk components tested, presence of lactose in SMUF resulted in significantly higher D values than SMUF for both organisms suggesting that lactose was exerting a protective effect on bacteria. SEM images showed that USW caused mechanical damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of bacteria leading to their inactivation.
Odd-Ary Approximating Subdivision Schemes and RS Strategy for Irregular Dense Initial Data

We investigate the implementation of approximating subdivision schemes on noisy or irregular initial control data. Presence of noise in the initial data generates oscillatory curves by subdivision schemes. To reduce or completely eliminate these oscillations, we combine subdivision schemes with other noise removal schemes such as variational regularization method. This setup will allow us to produce the limit curve with less oscillations and still stay as close as possible to the initial data points.
Conclusions and Future Outlook

This dissertation contains results obtained from investigating pulsed THz emission characteristics of semi-large aperture photoconducting (PC) antennas fabricated on Fe-doped bulk Ga0.69In0.31As substrate. The research is aimed at evaluating the impact of physical properties of a semi-large aperture Ga0.69In0.31As PC antenna upon its THz generation efficiency, and is motivated by the ultimate goal of developing a pulsed THz radiation source with MHz repetition rates, capable of operating at wavelengths between 1 and 1.5 μm, and having an average output power of 1 mW.
A reconsideration of the phylogeny of the tetrapod heart.

After dissecting a variety of vertebrate hearts and extensively reviewing the literature, I have drawn some conclusions concerning the phylogeny of the tetrapod heart that differ from commonly expressed viewpoints in the literature. It is probable that the absence of an interventricular septum in amphibians is a primitive feature (rather than representing a loss). The complete interventricular septum of crocodilians and birds probably evolved primarily from the major horizontal septum of the typical (noncrocodilian) reptilian heart, with a smaller part representing a new development. The interventricular septum of mammals probably also evolved primarily from the reptilian horizontal septum. There is no reason to assume that the mammalian heart and aortic arches evolved directly from a pre-reptilian stage, as is often assumed. The evidence upon which these conclusions are based is given.
Entry kinetics and cell–cell transmission of surface-bound retroviral vector particles

Background Transduction with recombinant HIV-1 derived lentivirus vectors is a multi-step process initiated by surface attachment and subsequent receptor-directed uptake into the target cell. We previously reported the retention of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein pseudotyped particles on murine progenitor cells and their delayed cell–cell transfer. Methods To examine the underlying mechanism in more detail, we used a combination of approaches focused on investigating the role of receptor-independent factors in modulating attachment. Results The investigation of synchronized transduction reveals cell-type specific rates of vector particle clearance with substantial delays during particle entry into murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. The observed uptake kinetics from the surface of the 1° cell correlate inversely with the magnitude of transfer to 2° targets, corresponding with our initial observation of preferential cell–cell transfer in the context of brief vector exposures. We further demonstrate that vector particle entry into cells is associated with the cell-type specific abundance of extracellular matrix fibronectin. Residual particle–extracellular fibronectin matrix binding and 2° transfer can be competitively disrupted by heparin exposure without affecting murine progenitor homing and repopulation. Conclusions Although cellular attachment factors, including fibronectin, aid gene transfer by colocalizing particles to cells and disfavoring early dissociation from targets, they also appear to stabilize particles on the cell surface. The present study highlights the inadvertent consequences for cell entry and cell–cell transfer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
invariant Subspaces, Dilation Theory, and the Structure of the Predual of a Dual Algebra, I

On etudie la structure des preduaux d'algebres d'operateurs. On obtient un nouveau theoreme de sous-espace invariant. On trouve des proprietes concernant le treillis sous-espace invariant de l'operateur decalage de Bergman
The new irrationalism in weaning

utiliza-se radiografia de torax para a realizacao de triagem de câncer de pulmao, e, em seguida, broncoscopia para confirmar a suspeicao; utiliza-se eletrocardiograma para a realizacao de triagem de infarto do miocardio, e, em seguida, angiografia para confirmacao — a lista e infinita. No desmame, porem, a Forca-Tarefa de MBE propoe o sentido oposto. Eles recomendam que os clinicos comecem com um teste de respiracao espontânea (teste confirmatorio) e utilizem os poucos minutos iniciais do teste como um teste de triagem.
Physical and Performance Measures for the Identification of Mild to Moderate Frailty

Background The relative importance and association of factors contributing to physical frailty in elderly persons are unclear. Methods Physical measures of upper and lower extremity strength, range of motion, balance, coordination, sensation, and gait were evaluated in relation to scores obtained on a 36-point physical performance test (PPT) in 107 elderly subjects. Results Scores on the PPT were significantly associated with the measures of strength and balance, gait, several range of motion values, and sensation. Subjects were also grouped according to score on the PPT as not frail (32-36 points), mildly frail (25-31 points), or moderately frail (17-24 points). ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analyses were used to examine the relationships of physical measures to this index of frailty. Balance measures, an obstacle course, the Berg scale, the full tandem portion of the Romberg test, and fast gait speed were significantly different among the three groups. Multiple stepwise regression analyses indicated that the strongest combination of variables, explaining 73% of all the variance in the PPT, included obstacle course performance, hip abduction strength, the semitandem portion of the Romberg test, and coordination (pegboard). Conclusions Results provide further insight into the relative importance of factors that contribute to frailty and factors that should be considered in treatment planning for the remediation of physical frailty in old adults.
A new direction in quality engineering: supply chain quality modelling

Applying quality engineering to the manufacturing supply chain is an area that has not been fully explored. This paper highlights the need for supply chain quality modelling tools to augment the vast array of quality tools used to predict and improve quality within a single corporate entity. The thesis of this paper is that network models are necessary to plan and improve quality in manufacturing supply chains. These models should augment, not replace, existing informational and organizational approaches to managing quality in the supply chain. Supply chain quality modelling is discussed in theoretical terms, and then two simple examples are given: a discrete example regarding a module required by an automotive original equipment manufacturer (OEM); and a continuous example regarding production of a mechanical pencil lead. Future research topics in supply chain quality modelling are suggested as multi-company adaptations of design of experiments, tolerance analysis and allocation, performance analysis, an...
Dynamic in-hand sliding manipulation

This paper presents a framework for planning the motion of an n-fingered robot hand to create an inertial load on a grasped object to achieve a desired in-grasp sliding motion. The model of the sliding dynamics is based on a soft-finger limit surface contact model at each fingertip. The framework is applied to the problem of regrasping a block held in a pinch grasp. The approach is applied to two examples in simulation, one of which is tested experimentally.
Attenuation of Multifocal Cell Survival Signaling by Bioactive Phytochemicals in the Prevention and Therapy of Cancer

Extensive researches within the last decade have revealed the presence of a complex network of signaling pathways overtly active in cancer cells augmenting proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. In parallel, epidemiological literature summarized a casual association between consumption of well balanced diet comprising adequate fruits and vegetables with reduced risk of developing cancer. This was projected to be associated with the presence of well characterized bioactive compounds, e.g. flavonoids, isothiocyanates, catechins, phenolic acid and organic sulphur present in diet that lead to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence narrate mechanistic insight relating to the pleiotropic role of these bioactive compounds in modulating proliferation linked signaling at multiple levels including Akt, nuclear transcription factor-κB, c-Myc, cycloxygenase-2, MAPK, STAT and other signaling pathways that are active during embryogenesis, such as hedgehog and Wnt signalings. Preclinical studies including genetically modified mouse models revealed that dietary bioactive compounds hitherto classed as ‘chemopreventive agents’ induce apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibit development and/or progression of tumor. This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of deregulated signaling mechanisms prevailing within tumor cells along with broad knowledge-based evidence intertwining biological and molecular basis of action of chemopreventive agents citing representative examples. Additionally, an important aspect relating to the noteworthy rationale of using bioactive chemopreventive agents for sensitizing tumors to improve efficacy of chemotherapy in clinics has been discussed briefly. Finally, to bring forward the potential of natural chemopreventive agents to full extent, the development of safe and tolerable pharmaceutical grade analogs with improved bioavailability is encouraged to reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer.
Toward software architectures on demand

The rapid growth of technology, coupled with the tightened development time and production cost constraints, have imposed tremendous pressure and an intense desire for software enterprises to create new and innovative designs, which could respond to rapidly changing business and operating environments. Enterprises must invest in building stable architectures, i.e. based on conceptual knowledge more than application context. Any system based on a stable architecture is built in a way that captures the enduring goals that the software is supposed to meet. We refer to these emerging trends of architectures as Architectures on Demand as they can be adaptable, customizable, extensible, personalizable, self-configurable, and self-manageable, according to the future requirements and changes in the operating environments. In nutshell, Adaptability refers to the extent software system architecture can accommodate changes in its environment, that is constrained by the hardware and software. Customizability refers to the ability of the architecture to be managed and customized by an agent, its users, and benefiting applications etc. Extensibility means that the architecture is designed to include mechanisms for expanding/enhancing the system with new capabilities, without having to make major changes to the architecture and the underlying infrastructure. A good architecture provides the design principles to ensure this—a roadmap for that portion of the road that is yet to be built. Self-configurable and self-manageable architectures refer to the architectures of systems that can mange and “self-heal” its properties dynamically at runtime at the level of components, connectors and the underlying infrastructure.
TPM Virtualization: Building a General Framework

Trusted Computing has been widely recognized as a useful and necessary extension of more traditional security mechanisms. In today’s complex multi-device environment, it is essential to be assured that devices participating in transactions can be trusted. The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) has created a set of specifications and accompanying infrastructure defining means of assurance necessary to build a trusted environment. Continuing interest in virtualization as a way to extend flexibility in diverse computing environments while addressing issues of underutilization of equipment and energy consumption brings additional complexities to current and future models of trusted computing.
The Mortgage in the Russian Federation in October 2014

Over three quarters of 2015, 461,232 mortgage loans (ML) totaling Rb 761.8bn were originated which is below the volume of loans extended for the corresponding period of 2014 in monetary terms down 38% and in numerical terms down 35%. As of 1 October 2015, the share of ruble ML in the volume of consumer credit came to 18.73% which is by 0.65 p.p. less than the corresponding share as of 1 October 2014. Outstanding debt on ruble ML in percent to the residual debt as of the same date has gone up by 0.17 p.p. to 1.02%. The weighted average interest rate across the Russian Federation on ruble mortgage loans originated in September 2015 came to 13.12% against the maximum indicator of 14.71% in February 2015.
The Interplay Between Bioenergy Grass Production and Water Resources in the United States of America

We apply a land surface model to evaluate the interplay between potential bioenergy grass (Miscanthus, Cave-in-Rock, and Alamo) production, water quantity, and nitrogen leaching (NL) in the Central and Eastern U.S. Water use intensity tends to be lower where grass yields are modeled to be high, for example in the Midwest for Miscanthus and Cave-in-Rock and the upper southeastern U.S. for Alamo. However, most of these regions are already occupied by crops and forests and substitution of these biome types for ethanol production implies trade-offs. In general, growing Miscanthus consumes more water, Alamo consumes less water, and Cave-in-Rock consumes approximately the same amount of water as existing vegetation. Bioenergy grasses can maintain high productivity over time, even in water limited regions, because their roots can grow deeper and extract the water from the deep, moist soil layers. However, this may not hold where there are frequent and intense drought events, particularly in regions with shallow ...
Serving first for the benefit of others: preliminary evidence for a hierarchical conceptualization of servant leadership

In this paper, we examine servant leadership as a promising leadership style for today's dynamic sales environments. Conceptual and empirical literature points to servant leadership's strong potential in facilitating benefits to salespeople and the organization. Yet that same literature evidences a problematic lack of consensus regarding components that distinctly reflect servant leadership. Existing conceptualizations include dimensions like humility and providing direction, which clearly overlap with various other leadership styles. In this paper, we first consider unique distinctives of servant leadership. We then propose an extension of the augmentation hypothesis from the transactional and transformational leadership literature. Specifically, we posit that servant leadership distinctives are hierarchically built on transformational characteristics, which themselves are built on transactional characteristics. Using secondary data from a sample of professional salespeople, we apply Guttman scaling and ...
Status of recent infection on newly reported MSM infected HIV in Jiangsu Province,2011-2013

Objective To understand the status of recent infection on newly reported MSM infected HIV in Jiangsu province. Methods Information including general demographic information and sample source of newly reported MSM infected HIV was collected. Corresponding serm or plasma samples were collected and tested with BED-CEIA. Proportion of recent HIV infection in different years was calculated and associated factors of recent HIV infection was analyzed. Results From 2011 to 2013,the proportions of recent infection were 29. 70%,27. 75% and 30. 12%,respectively. Statistically significant differences were not seen among different years( P 0. 05). Compared with cases older than 30 years,the ones that younger than 30 years old were more likely to be recently infected( OR = 1. 646,95% CI: 1. 400-1. 935). Compared with patients identified by hospitals,the recent HIV infections were more likely to be found through voluntary counseling and testing( OR = 2. 459,95% CI: 1. 896-3. 191),project-based surveillance programs( OR = 2. 624,95% CI: 1. 975-3. 485),and unpaid blood donation sites( OR = 3. 476,95% CI: 2. 319-5. 211)( P 0. 05). Conclusions High proportion of recent infection was shown among MSM in Jiangsu province. Related HIV case-finding programs should be strengthened to reduce the secondary transmission.
Hospital development promoted by digitization building

This is an introduction to the practice and effectiveness in developing digitized hospital in Southwest Hospital in the aspects of efficient process for medical care service, quality humanism service, networking working environment and computer-aided management etc..
Establishment of Real-Time PCR Method for Detection and Identification of Listeria monocytogenes in Food

To establish a rapid sensitive and specific detection method of L.monocytogenes with Real-time PCR in food. A pair of primers and probe depending on hlyA gene was desiged by way of target sequence of L.monocytogenes, and then apply L.monocytogeneces of standard bacterium strain for template to appraise L.monocytogenes. The best annealing temperature, primer and probe ratio were optimized. Specificity,sensitivity and stability analysis test were performed by L.monocytogeneces and 10 other strains associated bacteria,the constructed real-time PCR method was primarily used to mosquito samples test for L.monocytogenes.It was proved by the results that the best annealing temperature was 60℃. Ratio of primers and probe was 0.8μmol/L, 0.6μmol/L.Test showed that the probe were highly conservative and specific. The results of all 10 strains bacteria were negative except of strains of L.monocytogenes.The quantitative detection Limit of the method was 19cfu/ml in pure cultured broth . stability test showed that Co-efficient Variables were all less than 5% in 4 different samples. primary application that real-time PCR method is more sensitive, more easier and more faster than conventional culture method for detection of L.monocytogenes in food. In conclusion,the real-time PCR method has high sensitivity and specialty . The method is handily and rapid. which might have adaptated food microorganism examination development need, and have great value in practical work.
A frequency diversity pulse-pair algorithm for extending Doppler radar velocity Nyquist range

Millimeter wave radars have been widely used for atmospheric remote sensing and tracking hard-targets from airborne platforms. For these radars, the product of the unambiguous range and Doppler velocity is limited by the radar wavelength. This work focuses on a novel method to extend the Nyquist rate of millemeter radars, which uses frequency diversity pulse-pairs for Doppler phase estimation. Two short pulses with center-frequencies of f1 followed by f2 are transmitted during the first pulse repetition interval (PRI). During the next PRI, the pulses transmitted are in the order f2 followed by f1 respectively. There are two mechanisms for error reduction. First, the "beat" phases of the f1/f2 and f2/f1 pairs cancel out in the expected value sense. Second, since the f1/f2 and f2/f1 phase estimates are highly anti-correlated, the sum of the two phase estimates has a much smaller variance than the individual phase estimates. Based on Monte-Carlo simulations, the feasibility of this method is demonstrated herein. Ongoing data analysis is discussed.
The Strategic Use of Clear Statement Rules by the U.S. Supreme Court in Federalism Cases

The judicial enforcement of federalism values is at the center of the judicial and political safeguards debate generated by National League of Cities v. Usery (1976) and Garcia v. SAMTA (1985). Although clear statement rules have long attempted to put substantive limits on federal power, it remains unclear whether the Burger and Rehnquist Courts differ from the Warren Court in their ideological use of clear statement rules. Prior literature infers that the moderate Burger Court enforced federalism canons with more vigor than the liberal Warren Court in order to limit federal interference and protect the states; and, that the Rehnquist Court adopted “super-strong” clear statement rules in federalism cases in a manner akin to the Burger Court, presumably for similar ideological reasons. Moreover, scholars have not fully examined if the Court has circumvented Garcia’s political safeguards approach by insisting that Congress speak clearly in statutory construction cases addressing federalism issues. It is plausible that the aggressive and ideological use of clear statement rules in federalism cases is positively correlated with outcomes limiting federal interference with state autonomy. This study analyzes the use of clear statement rules by the Warren, Burger, Rehnquist, and Roberts Courts (1953-2010 Terms). Using logistic regression analysis and a dataset drawn from the Supreme Court Database and Westlaw, this study tests if the Burger or Rehnquist Court used clear statement rules more in federalism cases than the Warren Court, and for what ideological purpose. Of particular interest is determining if conservative Courts strategically use clear statement rules to protect states from federal incursions or to pursue ideological policy preferences. Thus, the analysis is directed at discovering if the Rehnquist Court has replaced Garcia’s political safeguards principle with a judicial safeguards approach by using clear statement rules, and whether that new federalism trend of judicial behavior has persisted in the Roberts Court.