cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graft-versus-host disease of the vulva and/or vagina: diagnosis and treatment

Abstract We describe a series of women after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with vaginal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) who were treated with topical cyclosporine, surgery, or both. We reviewed the medical charts of 11 women who presented with vaginal pain, discomfort, and vaginal scarring (inability to perform a Papanicolaou test or have vaginal intercourse because of pain). Vaginal symptoms develop an average of 10 months from bone marrow transplantation. Symptoms and physical findings include excoriated and ulcerated mucosa, thickened mucosa, narrowed introitus, and obliterated introitus from dense scar tissue that does not resolve with systemic or topical estrogens. The severity of symptoms and the physical findings in our study population did not correlate with age, type of leukemia, type of transplant, or severity or acute or chronic GVHD. Excoriated mucosa and moderately thickened mucosa were successfully treated with topical cyclosporine. Extensive synechiae and complete obliteration of the vaginal canal required surgical lysis with postoperative topical cyclosporine. Vaginal GVHD can successfully be treated with topical cyclosporine when mild to moderate disease is present. Surgical lysis with topical cyclosporine is required when more severe disease ensues.
Sensitivity and dynamic electrical response of CNT-reinforced nanocomposites

A series of dynamic compressive experiments were performed to experimentally investigate the electrical response of multi-wall carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites subjected to split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) loading. Low-resistance CNT/epoxy specimens were fabricated using a combination of shear mixing and ultrasonication. Utilizing the CNT network within, the electrical resistance of the nanocomposite was monitored using a high-resolution four-point probe method during each compressive loading event. In addition, real-time deformation images were captured using high-speed photography. The percent change in resistance was correlated to both strain and real-time damage. The results were then compared to previous work conducted by the authors (quasi-static and drop weight impact) in order to elucidate the strain rate sensitivity on the electrical behavior of the material. Furthermore, the percent change in conductivity was determined using a Taylor expansion model to investigate the electrical response based on both dimensional change as well as resistivity change during mechanical loading within the elastic regime. Experimental findings indicate that the electrical resistance is a function of both the strain and deformation mechanisms induced by the loading. The bulk electrical resistance of the nanocomposites exhibited an overall decrease of 40–65% and 115–120% during quasi-static/drop weight and SHPB experiments, respectively.
Super Efimov effect of resonantly interacting fermions in two dimensions.

(n) 3 / exp 2e 3�n/4+� � at large n. This “super Efimov effect” is found by a renormalization group analysis and confirmed by solving the bound state problem. We also provide an indication that there are l = ±2 four-body resonances associated with every three-body bound state at E (n) 4 / exp 2e 3�n/4+�−0.188 � . These universal few-body states may be observed in ultracold atom experiments and should be taken into account in future many-body studies of the system.
A note on the number of N -bit strings with maximum complexity

Consider the number of n-bit strings that have exactly the maximum possible program-size complexity that an n-bit string can have. We show that this number is itself an n-bit string with nearly the maximum possible complexity. From this it follows that at least 2n−cn-bit strings have exactly the maximum complexity that it is possible for an n-bit string to have.
Optical constants of (001) niobium in the visible region

Optical constants, measured ellipsometrically at wavelengths between 400.0 and 632.8 nm, are reported for atomically clean (001) niobium. The results are compared with literature values.
Affectivity in Persian language use.

A sociolinguistic analysis of emotion in Iranian culture and language use is developed. The work of Friedrich, Bateson, and others is drawn on to indicate how emotion is represented though metacommunicative, paralinguistic, and stylistic elements of language use. Communicative contexts in Iranian culture are marked in terms of two continua: one of personal and communicative intimacy, from “inside” (baten) to “outside” (zaher), and another of social hierarchy, from contexts indicating hierarchical relationships to those indicating equality. Affectivity in Persian language use is represented through intensification of a statement in relation to its contextual frame, through transposition of a linguistic form appropriate for one frame into another, or through culturally marked withdrawal from social interaction. It is argued that since emotions and psychological characteristics of individuals cannot be observed directly, attention should be focused on the expressive rules of culture rather than on “character” or “personality.”
Helmut Paul, a happy physicist

Abstract Each time I meet Helmut (I address him in an American way, perhaps awfully improperly in Austria), I get a strong impression of a happy man. Why is it so? Well gifted as a physicist and also as a manager, he has had a well-deserved eminently successful career, which warrants his happiness. However, not every physicist of a comparable stature appears to be as happy as Helmut. As a tribute on the occasion of his retirement, I offer in what follows an analysis of his life, accomplishments, and happiness. The present article is also a dedication to him as the chairman of the 16th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids, which was highly successful, as seen in the Proceedings appearing in the following papes.
Towards mixed-initiative access control

The difficult task of providing access to shared objects is, typically, carried out individually by access authorizers. We motivate and explain here the idea of using distributed collaborative environments to perform this activity. In these environments, the initiative in distributing access rights to shared objects can be taken by information guardians, information consumers, and tools that act as agents of the guardians and consumers. Information consumers are responsible for sending access requests to information guardians; their agents (partially or completely) automate this task for them. Information guardians are responsible for authorizing accesses; their agents automate this task for them. The agents interact with collaborative and communication tools, which must be extended to support the new access-control paradigm.
Driving and epilepsy: a historical perspective and review of current regulations.

Historically, persons with seizures or epilepsy have been prohibited from driving automobiles or motor vehicles because of concern for public safety. Seizures have a tendency to recur and pose risks of traffic accidents, property damage, and personal injury. In our modern world, however, driving an automobile is such an economic and social necessity that a conflict results between our need to protect public safety and our responsibility to provide reasonable opportunities to drive for persons handicapped by seizures and epilepsy. Currently, there is a trend toward liberalization of driving standards for persons with epilepsy, but there is still considerable controversy regarding the specific driving restrictions necessary for persons with seizures, the way in which such policies should be administered, and the role physicians should have in the process. Language: en
AL1-dependent repression of transcription enhances expression of Tomato golden mosaic virus AL2 and AL3

Studies using Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts have determined that repression of upstream transcription by AL1 protein enhances AL2 and AL3 expression in Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV). Mutations resulting in the inability of TGMV AL1 protein to associate with its cognate binding site, result in a decrease in both AL2 and AL3 expression. Reduced expression correlates with an increase in transcription from the AL62 start site, and decreased transcription from downstream initiation sites (AL1935 and AL1629) present within the AL1 coding region. The results demonstrate that, in a tobacco protoplast system, repression of AL62 transcription, regulated through binding of AL1 protein to sequences in the origin of replication, is required prior to AL2 and AL3 gene expression from the AL1935 and AL1629 viral transcripts. This provides a mechanism to regulate expression of AL2, which is involved in suppression of host defense responses and is required for late gene expression.
Thermodynamic properties of hydrogen-helium plasmas

The thermodynamic properties of an atomic hydrogen-helium plasma are calculated and tabulated for temperatures from 10,000 to 100,000 K as a function of the mass fraction ratio of atomic hydrogen. The tabulation is for densities from 10 to the minus 10th power to 10 to the minus 6th power gm/cu cm and for hydrogen mass fraction ratios of 0, 0.333, 0.600, 0.800, and 1.0, which correspond to pure helium, 50 percent hydrogen per unit volume, 75 percent hydrogen per unit volume, 89 percent hydrogen per unit volume, and pure hydrogen plasmas, respectively. From an appended computer program, calculations can be made at other densities and mass fractions. The program output agrees well with previous thermodynamic property calculations for limiting cases of pure hydrogen and pure helium plasmas.
Effects of temperature and light intensity on the visual pigments of rainbow trout

Abstract Trout with initial high proportions of porphyropsin were kept at various combinations of temperature and intensity of “blue” light in order to gain information on how to manipulate the rhodopsin-porphyropsin ratio to a desired level for hormonal studies. An empirical equation to predict the percentage of porphyropsin after 4 weeks of a given temperature-light intensity treatment is given. The results also support the hypothesis of Allen and others that seasonal temperature fluctuations are responsible for the seasonal visual pigment changes in salmonids.
A sic SGTO/PIN diode power electronic module for a fault current limiter

With the continuing expansion of the electrical distribution system, a fault current limiter is proposed in order to protect electrical devices during fault conditions and improve overall power quality. This paper documents the design and fabrication of power modules based on SiC diode and super gate turn-off thyristor for use in a solid-state fault current limiter (SSFCL) for 4.16 kV distribution systems. The thermal and electrical performances of the power modules were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The current sharing capability of the modules while in a parallel configuration was tested and met the system requirements. The full SSFCL test showed that the power modules can successfully operate at 4.16kV.
Phospholipid Mediated Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles

Nanoscale Au particles were synthesized by the reduction of gold (III) chloride involving phospholipid membranes with bound Pd catalysts. The membrane bound Pd catalysts facilitated the reduction of Au ions by hypophosphite. The synthesized Au powders were freeze-dried and subsequently dispersed in water. The particles were studied using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The yield of Au powder was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The nanoscale particles had a mixed-size distribution, and many were multiply twinned. The dispersion property of the Au particles during the synthesis was attributed to the thermal disordering of the phospholipid mixture, which became more effective as a dispersant with increasing temperature during the precipitation of Au particles.
Novel magnetic resonance imaging end points for physiologic studies in peripheral arterial disease: elegance versus practicality.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) remains the somewhat forgotten atherosclerotic vascular disease despite its high prevalence1 and association with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is understudied relative to coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease and there are few guideline-based effective medical therapies.2 Exercise is one promising, yet underutilized therapy,3 and newer therapies, such as stem cell4 and gene therapies,5 are being gradually developed and tested. One of the limitations to the development of novel therapies is that there remains a paucity of validated and reproducible techniques to measure their effectiveness. The ankle brachial index (ABI) is an excellent screening technique to establish the presence of PAD,6 but it is insensitive to changes from therapies other than those that alter bulk arterial flow, such as percutaneous revascularization. Thus, the ABI is not particularly useful for studies of novel medical, stem cell, or gene therapies. Similarly, treadmill exercise performance and 6-minute walking times are dependent on patient effort, are not particularly reproducible, and thus imperfect for use in such studies. Even experts in the field cannot agree on which of these 2 exercise tests are most useful for studies in PAD.7,8 See Article by Englund et al To fill this void, several investigative groups have been recently developing novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques aimed for use in clinical trials. 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be …
Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis: a distinct aggressive lymphatic anomaly

Objective To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of a new lymphatic disorder with a unique histological pattern and poor prognosis. Study design An observational, retrospective study identified and characterized 20 patients with distinct lymphatic histopathology referred to the Vascular Anomalies Center at Boston Children's Hospital between 1995 and 2011. Results The median age at onset was 6.5 years (range, birth to 44 years). Clinical and radiologic findings suggested a generalized process. The most common presentations were respiratory symptoms (50%), hemostatic abnormalities (50%), and an enlarging, palpable mass (35%). All patients had mediastinal involvement; 19 patients developed pericardial (70%) and/or pleural effusions (85%). Extrathoracic disease manifested in bone and spleen and less frequently in abdominal viscera, peritoneum, integument, and extremities. Despite aggressive procedural and medical therapies, the 5-year survival was 51% and the overall survival was 34%. Mean interval between diagnosis and death was 2.75 years (range, 1-6.5 years). Conclusions We describe a clinicopathologically distinct lymphatic anomaly. We propose the term kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) because of characteristic clusters or sheets of spindled lymphatic endothelial cells accompanying malformed lymphatic channels. The intrathoracic component is most commonly implicated in morbidity and mortality; however, extrathoracic disease is frequent, indicating that KLA is not restricted to pulmonary lymphatics. The mortality rate of KLA is high despite aggressive multimodal therapy.
Pump controllable optical delay line using CdSe quantum dots

Pump controllable nanosecond optical delay has been demonstrated using colloid CdSe quantum dots. The delay time can be easily manipulated by a pump beam. The physical mechanism for the two-wave mixing based group velocity manipulation has been investigated.
Mating strategies of young women: role of physical attractiveness.

The female physical attractiveness stereotype has been reported to contain both desirable (sociable, poised, interesting) and undesirable (snobbish, likely to request divorce and have extra‐marital...
Rural jails: Problematic inmates, overcrowded cells, and cash-strapped counties

Abstract In the United States there were some 1,775 jails with one hundred beds or less, but there had been little empirical examination of these facilities, or the challenges that they confront. This survey of 213 jail administrators from these small facilities found that under-funding, overcrowding, and retention and recruitment of officers were the most significant challenges. By contrast, suicide and violence were perceived to be less serious problems. The small jails sampled also held relatively high percentages of special needs inmates, and this places further demands on these agencies. These challenges are very similar to problems identified several decades ago, suggesting that few structural or operational changes had been made in rural justice systems. In many places, rural jails acted as a default mechanism for failures in other social, health, or community systems and they become the place that “just can't say no.”
On the Unity of Compound Things: Living and Non‐Living

There appear to be at least two kinds of compound physical substances: compound pieces of matter, which have their parts essentially, and living organisms, which do not. Examples of the former are carbon atoms, salt molecules, and pieces of gold; and examples of the latter are protozoa, trees, and cats. Given that there are compound entities of these two kinds, and given that they can be created or destroyed by assembly or disassembly, questions naturally arise about the nature of the causal relations which unite their parts. In answer to these questions, we first argue that the parts of a compound piece of matter are connected via a relation of dynamic equilibrium of attractive and repulsive forces. We then argue that the parts of an organic living thing are united in a different way: they are functionally connected in a broadly Aristotelian sense which is compatible with an ultimately non-teleological, naturalistic biology.
Effective thermal boundary resistance from thermal decoupling of magnons and phonons in SrRuO 3 thin films

We use the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect to measure the local temperature and heat-flow dynamics in ferromagnetic ${\text{SrRuO}}_{3}$ thin films. After heating by a pump pulse, the film temperature decays exponentially, indicating that the heat flow out of the film is limited by the film/substrate interface. We show that this behavior is consistent with an effective boundary resistance resulting from disequilibrium between the spin and phonon temperatures in the film.
Studies on the mechanism of intestinal absorption of sugars VIII. Cation inhibition of active sugar transport and 22Na influx into hamster small intestine, in vitro

Abstract It has been found that active sugar transport by preparations in vitro of hamster small intestine increases with increments of Na + concentration, in the presence of Tris + , choline + , or urea, to a maximal value at about 96 mequiv/l of Na + . The presence of Li + , K + , Rb + , Cs + or NH 4 + inhibits the response to Na + . The influx of 22 N + has also been measured under similar conditions in the presence of Tris + and K + . As compared with Tris + , K + inhibits sugar transport and 22 Na + influx to a markedly similar degree over wide variations in the K + /Na + concentration ratio. The implications of these findings with regard to mechanism are discussed.
Ethanol alters hemodynamic responses to cocaine in rats.

Cocaine is often used while consuming ethanol despite evidence that this combination may enhance the toxicity of cocaine. In the present study, we examined the cardiovascular effects of ethanol (475 or 950 mg/kg, i.v.) alone and in combination with cocaine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) in conscious rats. Ethanol or cocaine administration produced a consistent pressor response but highly variable cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance responses. The hemodynamic response patterns in individual rats to either drug were similar and related within rats. After ethanol pretreatment, cocaine produced greater decreases in cardiac output. We have proposed that this pattern of responses may reflect a predisposition in individual rats to cocaine-induced cardiomyopathies and hypertension. Furthermore, these data suggest that ethanol administration elicits a similar pattern of hemodynamic responses as previously reported for cocaine or amphetamine administration or acute behavioral stress.
Abstract models of memory management

Abstract : Most specifications of garbage collectors concentrate on the low-level algorithmic details of how to find and preserve accessible objects. Often, they focus on bit-level manipulations such as 'scanning stack frames,' 'marking objects,' 'tagging data,' etc. While these details are important in some contexts, they often obscure the more fundamental aspects of memory management: what objects are garbage and why? We develop a series of calculi that are just low-level enough that we can express allocation and garbage collection, yet are sufficiently abstract that we may formally prove the correctness of various memory management strategies. By making the heap of a program syntactically apparent, we can specify memory actions as rewriting rules that allocate values on the heap and automatically dereference pointers to such objects when needed. This formulation permits the specification of garbage collection as a relation that removes portions of the heap without affecting the outcome of the evaluation.
Delineating Anopheles gambiae coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 automethylation using top–down high resolution tandem mass spectrometry

Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1), originally defined as a coactivator for steroid receptors, is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferases. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of an automethylation event by AgCARM1, a CARM1 homologue in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, using top–down high resolution tandem mass spectrometry, which allows fine mapping of modifications in the intact protein accurately and quantitatively without priori knowledge. Unexpectedly, we found that AgCARM1 has already been predominantly dimethylated during its expression in Escherichia coli. A single arginine methylation site, R485, was identified which is conserved among CARM1 in insects. No methylation was observed in the intact AgCARM1R485K mutant where R485 is mutated to lysine, which confirms that R485 is the only detectable methylation site. Using AgCARM1 methyltransferase defective mutants, we confirmed that this is an automethylation event and show the automethylation of AgCARM1 occurs intermolecularly. This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of an automethylation event by top–down mass spectrometry. The unexpected high percentage of automethylated recombinant AgCARM1 expressed in E. coli may shed light on other bacterially expressed post-translational modifying enzymes, which could be modified but overlooked in biochemical and structural studies. Top–down high resolution tandem mass spectrometry thus provides unique opportunities for revealing unexpected protein modification, localizing specific modification to one amino acid, and delineating molecular mechanism of an enzyme.
Continuous-wave measurement of the 1S Lamb shift in atomic hydrogen.

We have determined the 1S Lamb shift in atomic hydrogen with a precision of 2 parts in 10/sup 4/ by measuring the frequency of the 1S-2S transition observed by continuous-wave Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy. We employ an interferometrically calibrated absorption line in /sup 130/Te/sub 2/ as our reference and obtain a 1S-2S interval of 2 466 061 413.8(1.5) MHz. Choosing a value of the Rydberg constant measured independently by high-resolution spectroscopy of the hydrogen Balmer-..beta.. transition, we find the 1S Lamb shift to be 8173.3(1.7) MHz, in good agreement with the theoretical value of 8172.94(9) MHz.
Preadolescent perceptions of challenging and difficult course activities and their motivational distinctions

The present research sought to determine if primary school students differentiate between classes that are challenging and those that are difficult, and how these distinctions relate to their motivation and achievement. Results indicated that there are three types of challenges/difficulties. Challenging classes are those that are demanding of the students but within their ability, are important and are tied to interests; students in these classes are more likely to adopt mastery goal orientations. Purely difficult classes are not valued, require a lot of effort, but are threatening to students’ efficacy. Classes that are difficult compared to others are those that are more demanding for the student than other students or other classes. These classes are not valued and are also seen as a threat to efficacy. Both purely difficult and difficult compared to others classes were negatively related to achievement, and students in these classes are more likely to adopt performance avoidance goal orientations.
Hydrogen isotope retention and recycling in fusion reactor plasma-facing components

The proper design of a fusion reactor is not possible unless there is an understanding of the hydrogen isotope retention and recycling for the plasma-facing components. From the tritium inventory point of view, it is absolutely necessary to understand the short-term and long-term hydrogen isotopes retention characteristics of the individual materials used for the first wall and divertor. From the plasma density and fueling point of view, it is necessary to understand the recycling characteristics of these materials. This report is an overview of the available data on hydrogen isotope retention and recycling for beryllium, tungsten, carbon, and selected liquid metals. For each material discussed, recommendations are made as to the most appropriate values to use for parameters such as diffusivity, solubility, recombination rate coefficient, and trapping.
Sequential Changes of Traumatic Vertebral Compression Fracture on MR Imaging

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sequential signal intensity changes in post-traumatic vertebral compression fractures of varying ages. Sixty-six patients with 115 post-traumatic vertebral compression fractures underwent MR imaging. The ages of fractures at the time of MR images ranged from 1 day to 6 years. Sequential follow-up MR imagings were obtained in 4 patients for 2 years after initial MR examination. The fracture sites in all 52 fractures with traumatic events less than 3 months prior were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images (type I). A type I fracture could be subdivided into 3 patterns depending on its morphologic appearance: diffuse (type Ia); patchy (type Ib); and bandlike (type Ic). In 12 fractures of 3 to 5 months after trauma, six showed focal hypointensity (type II) in all pulse sequences, and six showed isointensity (type IV). Four of 51 fractures with trauma over 5 months showed focal hyperintensity on T1-weighted images and isointensity on T2-weighted images (type III); and the remaining 47 fractures showed isointensity on all sequences (type IV). In conclusion, MR imaging is useful in predicting the age of known traumatic compression fractures, so familiarity with these sequential MR findings would be helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant fractures.
"Contra os judeus, hereges e sarracenos que dizem que nós adoramos ídolos": a arte como ortodoxia

Writings about art and indeed art itself during the Middle Ages often targeted Jews, and to a lesser extent Muslims, when defending material images. This paper explores a third group, heretics, by analyzing the arguments about the use of art advanced at the Council of Arras in 1025 and depictions related to them.
Do urinary symptoms correlate with urodynamic findings

AbstractPurpose: We determined whether urinary symptomatology correlates with video urodynamic findings.Materials and Methods: A total of 115 women with complaints of urinary incontinence completed a 27-item questionnaire. Pelvic examination and video urodynamic study were performed. Subjective findings were scored from 0 to 5, with 5 representing the most severe symptomatology. Patients were divided into 5 subgroups based on etiology of incontinence, and analyzed by Student's t test with p <0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Among the 115 patients 11% had normal studies, 38% proximal urethral hypermobility with stress urinary incontinence, 33% intrinsic sphincter deficiency, 11% significant pelvic prolapse and stress urinary incontinence, and 10% detrusor instability. Subjective complaints, such as incontinence during physical activity, were prominent in both stress urinary incontinence groups as well as the prolapse group with stress urinary incontinence. Questions about nocturia, freque...
K-band spectroscopic metallicities and temperatures of M-dwarf stars

I present the metallicity and effective temperature techniques developed for M dwarf stars by Rojas-Ayala et al. (2010, 2012). These techniques are based on absorption features present in the modest resolution K-band spectra (R ∼2700) of M dwarfs and have been calibrated using FGK+M dwarf pairs and synthetic atmosphere models. The H2O-K2 index seems to overestimate the effective temperatures of M dwarfs when compared to interferometric measurements. The metallicity distribution of the M dwarf host candidates by the Kepler Mission hints that jovian-size planets form preferentially around solar and super- solar metallicity environments, while small rocky planet host exhibit a wide range of metallicities, just like in their solar-type counterparts.
The Good, the Bad, the IPv6

As more network-capable devices are developed, it becomes easier for us to remain connected to our friends, colleagues, and even our homes. Unfortunately, it becomes easier for unintended third parties to remain connected to us as well. The impact of this has been limited by our proximity to the third party (i.e. the same local area network) -- until now. The Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) includes a method for devices to automatically configure their own addresses. This technique relieves some administrative burden, but provides an opportunity to monitor users from anywhere in the world. We explain why this problem exists. We also provide proof of host tracking and monitoring. We then illustrate examples of how both well-intended and malicious parties can exploit auto configured addresses. We submit that the benefits of using auto configured addresses do not outweigh the privacy implications. Finally, we present some alternatives to resolve this issue before IPv6 is deployed globally.
Effect of mixer phase distortions on the DOA tracking algorithm for an adaptive antenna array

The effect of the mixer phase distortions on the adaptive direction-of-arrival (DOA) tracking algorithm is investigated. The study shows that the DOA tracking algorithm is not sensitive to the mixer phase distortions. Hence the mixer phase calibration is not required for a system applying the DOA tracking algorithm. The equivalent DOA tracking error due to the mixer phase distortions is derived. Also the performance of the system applying the DOA tracking algorithm is compared with that of the system applying other algorithms in terms of the bit error rate (BER) under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading environments. Simulation results are given to support the conclusions.
Proactive path maintenance over regions of interests in MANETs

We present elliptic demarcation of information transfer (EDIT) as a scheme to maintain paths between a source and destination more robustly and limit signaling overhead incurred in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). EDIT establishes regions of interest on demand, based on distances between a relay node and a source-destination pair, and maintains proactive signaling within this region of interest. We prove the correctness of EDIT, which is based on a progressive sequence numbering scheme, and show that the elliptical regions of interest built by EDIT are more efficient than the traditional use of TTLs, which establish circular, undirected boundaries around destinations. Simulation results comparing EDIT against location aided routing (LAR)[1], AODV[2] and OLSR[3] indicate that EDIT enables on-demand routing that is far more efficient than AODV and OLSR, and is comparable to LAR, but without the need for geo-location information.
Toward improved model structures for analyzing priming: potential pitfalls of using bulk turnover time

Many studies have shown that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations result in increased plant carbon inputs to soil that can accelerate the decomposition of native soil organic matter, an effect known as priming. Consequently, it is important to understand and quantify the priming effect for future predictions of carbon-climate feedbacks. There are potential pitfalls, however, when representing this complex system with a simple, first-order model. Here, we show that a multi-pool soil carbon model can match the change in bulk turnover time calculated from overall respiration and carbon stocks (a one-pool approach) at elevated CO2 , without a change in decomposition rate constants of individual pools (i.e., without priming). Therefore, the priming effect cannot be quantified using a one-pool model alone, and even a two-pool model may be inadequate, depending on the effect size as well as the distribution of soil organic carbon and turnover times. In addition to standard measurements of carbon stocks and CO2 fluxes, we argue that quantifying the fate of new plant inputs requires isotopic tracers and microbial measurements. Our results offer insights into modeling and interpreting priming from observations.
On austin's chase, chance, and creativity: The lucky art of novelty

Chase, Chance, and Creativity: The Lucky Art of Novelty James H. Austin, 2003, New York: Columbia University Press, 246 pages.
New global seamount census from altimetry-derived gravity data

SUMMARY Recent revisions to the satellite-derived vertical gravity gradient (VGG) data reveal more detail of the ocean bottom and have allowed us to develop a non-linear inversion method to detect seamounts in VGG data. We approximate VGG anomalies over seamounts as sums of individual, partially overlapping, elliptical polynomial functions, which allows us to form a non-linear inverse problem by fitting the polynomial model to the observations. Model parameters for a potential seamount include geographical location, peak VGG amplitude, major and minor axes of the elliptical base, and the azimuth of the major axis. The non-linear inversion is very sensitive to the initial values for the location and amplitude; hence, they are constrained by the centre and amplitude of the uppermost contours obtained with a 1-Eotvos contour interval. With these initial conditions from contouring, we execute a step-wise and fully automated inversion and obtain optimal model estimates for potential seamounts; these are statistically evaluated for significance using the Akaike Information Criterion and F tests. A logarithmic barrier technique is applied to ensure positivity of all seamount amplitudes. After automatic and manual inspections of the model parameters we estimate actual heights and basal ellipses of the inspected potential seamounts directly from the predicted bathymetry grid. In this study, we find globally 24 643 potential seamounts (h ≥ 0.1 km) that are located away from continental margins; 8458 potential seamounts are taller than 1 km. Although our global estimate is significantly lower than predictions from previous studies, a first-order reconciliation of the size-frequency statistics obtained from those studies reveals that the previous counts are systematically overestimated. Because of the ambiguity of gravity signals due to small seamounts of h < 1 km and the overlap with abyssal hills, we estimate the global seamount census to lie in the 40 000–55 000 range. The seamount data from this study are accessible from http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/PT/SMTS.
Central odontogenic fibroma

abstract The article presents a case of central odontogenic fibroma occuring in the maxilla. The literature is reviewed, in the belief that a discussion of the controversial issues surrounding this neoplasm, its treatment and follow-up information, is waranted, due to the small number of cases (13) of this tumor that have been recognised and reported up to the present.
The Effect of Bile Acids and Lipase on Absorption of Tallow in Young Chicks

White leghorn chicks were fed diets with 4% tallow supplemented with one of the following bile acids at .04%: cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, or sodium taurocholate. Cholic acid improved the absorption of tallow but not significantly; chenodeoxycholic acid significantly improved tallow absorption during days 0 to 7 but decreased it during days 14 to 21. The bile acids, dehydrocholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and sodium taurocholate had no significant effect on absorption of tallow. In a 2 x 3 factorial design involving cholic acid and lipase, .04% cholic acid and/or .10% lipase significantly improved the absorption of tallow by 8 and 4% in chicks 1 and 3 weeks of age, respectively. Dry matter digestibility and efficiency appeared to be improved with the improvement of lipid absorption.
Experience with the universal intermediate language janus

Janus is a symbolic language intended for use as an intermediate language in the transportation of software. Since its initial design four years ago, it has been used to implement a portable Pascal compiler, in the design of an Algol 68 compiler, and to realize a portable package of mathematical routines. These experiences, together with a critical re-evaluation of the design criteria, have led to some modification of the specifications of Janus and an increased confidence in the viability of the approach. They have also indicated some problems yet to be solved. This paper reviews the significant lessons which we have learned, and quotes some results which support our confidence.
Fault Tolerant Adaptive Filters based on modified discrete fourier transform architectures

Previously it was shown that when an FFT-based transform domain Fault Tolerant Adaptive Filter (FTAF) operates on real-valued signals parameter redundancy inherent in the complex arithmetic provides fault tolerant capabilities for adaptive filters implemented in highly scaled nano-technologies that are prone to both soft errors and hardware faults. This work replaces the conventional DFT with the Modified Discrete Fourier Transform (MDFT) to provide frequency domain samples that are not constrained to be strictly real-valued. It is shown that the MDFT-FTAF architecture resulting from the MDFT provides considerable fault tolerant capabilities by means of the parameter redundancy in the complex arithmetic.
Delay in Arrival to Care in Perpetrator-Identified Nonaccidental Head Trauma: Observations and Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Children who sustained non-accidental head trauma (NAHT) are at severe risk for mortality within the first 24 hours after presentation. OBJECTIVE: Extent of delay in seeking medical attention may be related to patient outcome. METHODS: A ten year, single-institution, retrospective review of 48 cases treated at a large tertiary Children's Hospital reported to the New York State Central Registrar by the child protection team was conducted. The perpetrator was identified in 28 cases based on confession or conviction. The medical and legal records allowed for identification of time of injury and the interval between injury and arrival to the hospital; this information was categorized as follows: 12 hours (severe delay). The King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) score was recorded for each case. RESULTS: All children were three years of age or younger (2.1 - 34 months) and predominantly male (68%; 19/28). 61% of patients (17/28) presented with moderate or severe delay in arrival. A low arrival Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (pCONCLUSION: Patients presenting to medical care 6-12 hours after NAHT (moderate delay) appeared to have worse outcomes than those presenting earlier or later. Language: en
Population based study of incidence and predictors of urinary incontinence in black and white older adults.

Purpose: We determined the incidence and predictors of incident urinary incontinence over 3 years in community dwelling older adults.Materials and Methods: A population based, prospective cohort study was conducted with a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries stratified to be 50% black, 50% men and 50% rural. In-home baseline assessment included standardized questionnaires and short physical performance battery. Three annual followup interviews were conducted by telephone. Incontinence was defined as any degree of incontinence occurring at least once a month in the last 6 months.Results: Participants were 490 women and 496 men 65 to 106 years old (mean age 75). Prevalence of incontinence at baseline was 41% in women and 27% in men. Three-year incidence of incontinence was 29% (84 of 290) in women and 24% (86 of 363) in men. There were no differences by race in prevalent or incident incontinence. In multivariable logistic regression models for women, significant independent baseline predictors of new inc...
Far-Infrared Single Crystal Studies of TTF–TCNQ

Polarized and unpolarized far-infrared (12 to 100 cm−1) reflectance data are presented for TTF-TCNQ. The results confirm the existence of the energy gap, in the conducting state at 100 K, and in the dielectric regime at 4.2 K and provide a quantitative measure of the residual conductivity in the gap region. The data are discussed in terms of the Peierls-Frohlich model. Analysis of the results yields an estimate for the Frohlich mass of approximately 1500 times the band effective mass and a value for the pinning frequency in the dielectric regime, ωF ≈ 2 cm−1. Messungen des polarisierten und unpolarisierten Reflexionsvermogens fur TTF-TCNQ im fernen Infrarot (12 bis 100 cm−1) bestatigen die Existenz der Energielucke im leitenden Zustand bei 100 K und im dielektrischen Zustand bei 4,2 K und liefern somit ein quantitatives Mas fur die Restleitfahigkeit im Gebiet der Energielucke. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit dem Peierls-Frohlich Modell diskutiert. Sie ergeben einen Schatzwert fur die Frohlichmasse, die etwa 1500 mal groser als die effektive Bandmasse ist, und einen Wert fur die Pinningfrequenz im dielektrischen Zustand von ωF ≈ 2 cm−1.
Gas absorption with zero‐order chemical reaction

The governing differential equation for gas absorption in laminar falling film with zero-order homogeneous reaction is solved analytically by the method of separation of variables, and subsequent solution with confluent hypergeometric function. The result for concentration profile was obtained in the forms of a sum of a polynomial and an infinite series of hypergeometric functions. An enhancement factor, E, is defined as the ratio of the calculated absorption rates and the absorption rates found from a simple penetration model. When the Hatta number, is greater than 2, the enhancement factor is given by a simplified form with an error of less than 2%.
The Associationists: Forging a Christian Socialism in Antebellum America

In the early 1840s a wave of enthusiasm for the socialist theory of Charles Fourier swept through American reform circles. Excited utopians in New York, Boston, and elsewhere in the North divided their efforts between publicizing their version of Fourierism, called “Association,” and building model communities or “phalanxes” to illustrate it. While the history and sociology of their nearly three dozen short-lived communal experiments continue to attract scholarly attention, the Associationists' writings have been relatively neglected. Yet the expositions and arguments that won thousands of converts to Fourierism represent an innovation in American religious thought too important to be forgotten: the first extensive attempt to harness the powerful ideas and symbols of Christianity to the emerging worldview of secular socialism.
Advanced dynamic encryption---a security enhancement protocol for ieee 802.11 and hybrid wireless network

Data integrity and privacy are the two most important security requirements in wireless communication. Most mechanisms rely on pre-share key data encryption to prevent unauthorized users from accessing confidential information. However, a fixed secret key is vulnerable to cracking by capturing sufficient packets or launching a dictionary attack. In this research, a dynamic re-keying encryption protocol was developed to enhance the security protection for IEEE 802.11 and hybrid wireless network. This protocol automatically updates the secret key during the end-to-end transmission between wireless devices to protect the network and the communication privacy. In addition, security analyses are given to verify the protection of this protocol. Experiment results also validate that the dynamic encryption approach can perform as efficiently as other security architectures while providing an additional layer of data protection.
Context-specific interactions between Notch and ALK1 cannot explain ALK1-associated arteriovenous malformations

Aims Notch and activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) have been implicated in arterial specification, angiogenic tip/stalk cell differentiation, and development of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), and ALK1 can cooperate with Notch to up-regulate expression of Notch target genes in cultured endothelial cells. These findings suggest that Notch and ALK1 might collaboratively program arterial identity and prevent AVMs. We therefore sought to investigate the interaction between Notch and Alk1 signalling in the developing vertebrate vasculature. Methods and results We modulated Notch and Alk1 activities in zebrafish embryos and examined effects on Notch target gene expression and vascular morphology. Although Alk1 is not necessary for expression of Notch target genes in arterial endothelium, loss of Notch signalling unmasks a role for Alk1 in supporting hey2 and ephrinb2a expression in the dorsal aorta. In contrast, Notch and Alk1 play opposing roles in hey2 expression in cranial arteries and dll4 expression in all arterial endothelium, with Notch inducing and Alk1 repressing these genes. Although alk1 loss increases expression of dll4 , AVMs in alk1 mutants could neither be phenocopied by Notch activation nor rescued by Dll4/Notch inhibition. Conclusion Control of Notch targets in arterial endothelium is context-dependent, with gene-specific and region-specific requirements for Notch and Alk1. Alk1 is not required for arterial identity, and perturbations in Notch signalling cannot account for alk1 mutant-associated AVMs. These data suggest that AVMs associated with ALK1 mutation are not caused by defective arterial specification or altered Notch signalling.
Introducing programming in a functions-first manner, using the Program by Design approach

Matthias Felleisen was awarded the 2011 SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contribution to Computer Science Education for his and his research team's work on the TeachScheme! project, which was begun in 1995, and is now called "Program by Design". This functions-first approach to teaching introductory programming and problem-solving features a robust software design methodology called the design recipe, and emphasizes good software engineering practices, such as early testing, from the beginning. These are combined with an integrated development environment (IDE), DrRacket, designed for beginners, featuring different language levels of the Scheme-like language, Racket, that combines simple syntax with customized error messages and support for graphics and animation accessible even for beginning programmers. The Program by Design project then includes support for transitioning to object-oriented programming in Java. However, many of this approach's concepts can be applied in different programming languages (such as Java, Python, or C++), or one can choose to start with this approach and then transition to different programming paradigms and/or languages at a pace appropriate to your situation.