cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are clinical genomes already becoming semi-routine for patient care?

Hardly a month goes by without a new published report of a patient’s genome being used diagnostically for clinical management in a diverse spectrum of disease areas, including gastroenterology, nephrology, neurology and oncology. The impression is that clinical genomics is already becoming semi-routine. However, a large and complex set of non-technical barriers needs to be overcome before genomics can truly be integrated into the practice of medicine and made widely available for patient care. Through the use of case studies, my presentation will elucidate issues relating to the needs and requirements of the workforce, the legal and regulatory aspects of ‘laboratory-developed tests’ and insurance reimbursement for ‘multi-analyte diagnostics’. The roles of the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the College of American Pathologists will be highlighted.
High soil carbon dioxide concentrations inhibit root respiration of Douglas fir

summary Total and basal respiration (Rt and Rb, respectively) of intact and undisturbed roots of one-year-old Douglas fir seedlings, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Beissn] Franco, were measured at experimentally varied soil carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]). Use of specially designed root boxes and a CO2 gas-flow compensating system designed around an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) allowed controlled delivery of CO2 to roots and simultaneous measurements of CO2 released by roots. Root respiration rate responded to each inlet [CO2], independent of whether the previous concentration had been higher or lower, within two to three hours (paired t test = 0.041, P= 0.622, and n= 13). Total and basal respiration rates decreased exponentially as soil [CO2] rose from 130 ppm, well below atmospheric [CO2], to 7015 ppm, a concentration not uncommon in field soils. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effects of soil [CO2] on rates of total and basal root respiration were statistically significant. Root respiration rates decreased by 4 to 5 nmol CO2 g−1 dry weight of roots s−1 for every doubling of [CO2] according to the following equations: ln(R1) (nmol CO2 g−1 s−1) = 5.24–0.30*ln[CO2] with r= 0.78, P < 0.0001, and n= 70; and ln(Rb) (nmol CO2 g−1 s−1) = 6.29–0.52 * ln[CO2] with r= 0.82, P < 0.0001, and n= 35. The sensitivity of root respiration to [CO2] suggests that some previous laboratory measurements of root respiration at atmospheric [CO2], which is 3 to 10-fold lower than [CO2] in field soils, overestimated root respiration in the field. Further, the potential importance of soil [CO2] indicates that it should be accounted for in models of below-ground carbon budgets.
A 77dB SNDR, 4MHz MASH ΔΣ modulator with a second-stage multi-rate VCO-based quantizer

A VCO-based MASH delta-sigma ADC architecture is introduced that uses multi-rating of the two stages. The architecture allows for low power and high speed operation and is insensitive to the VCO linearity. To demonstrate this architecture, a prototype consisting of a first-order switched-capacitor (SC) integrator with a 4-bit quantizer operating at 100MHz is followed by a second-stage VCO-based ADC operating at 1.2GHz. The chip is implemented in a 130nm 1P8M CMOS process. The measured SNDR is 77dB for a 4MHz signal bandwidth with a power consumption of 13.8mW from a 1.3V supply. The resulting FoM is 298fJ per conversion.
Weight Status as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Motivation, Emotional Social Support, and Physical Activity in Underserved Adolescents

Objective This study examined weight status as a moderator of the relationship between motivation (controlled, autonomous, regulatory), emotional social support (parents, peers) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in underserved adolescents (ethnic minority, low-income). Methods Participants from the Active by Choice Today Trial (n ¼ 1,416; 54% girls, 73% African American, 52% overweight/obese) completed baseline measures, including height and weight, psychosocial surveys, and 7-day accelerometry estimates. Weight status was defined by body mass index z-score (zBMI). Results Weight status moderated the effects of controlled, autonomous, and regulatory motivation on MVPA, such that these variables were more strongly associated with MVPA in adolescents with lower versus higher zBMI scores. Conclusions A better understanding of why motivation is not related to MVPA in underserved youth with a higher weight status is needed. Future pediatric obesity treatment in underserved youth may need to move beyond motivation into environmental factors associated with long-term behavior change.
TWO YEARS' PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS IN THE UNIVERSITY HIGH SCHOOL

The number of capable teachers of secondary mathematics, who are striving to improve the educational quality of secondaryschool work is already large and it is rapidly growing. Good secondary teachers are coming to regard it a professional duty to try each year one or more definite things that promise to improve the teaching, to benefit the taught, or to enrich the quality of the subject-matter of their specialty. Attitudes of mind have changed during recent years, and to advocate progress in mathematical teaching has grown half-popular. Enlightened opinion today recognizes-nor fears the academic banboth the need and practicability of marked improvement in the matter and method of secondary-school mathematics. The recent awakening of pedagogic interest in mathematics is already accomplishing much in the'textbook line. More than a score of secondary texts of the subject, all bearing the imprint of a new order, and some of them from publishing houses that are accustomed to cloaking commercialism under the ermine of conservatism, and all in a brief twelvemonth, is highly encouraging. The pools of tradition are being stirred to their depths. The official representative of a house that is nothing if not conservative said in substance to the writer the other day: "There are getting to be so many who are wanting the mixed type of mathematics in the high school, that we had to get a book written to cater to this audience." The easy-going unconcern for innovation that afflicted teachers of mathematics only a brief time since now appears in print only rarely and in places so out-of-the-way as to work little harm. And what has been achieved is but an earnest of greater and better things in the next decade. Traditional rigidity, institu-
The scale of it all: postcanine tooth size, the taxon-level effect, and the universality of Gould's scaling law

Abstract In a seminal paper in 1975, Gould proposed that postcanine occlusal area (PCOA) should scale metabolically (0.75) with body mass across mammals. By regressing PCOA against skull length in a small sample of large-bodied herbivorous mammals, Gould provided some marginal support for this hypothesis, which he then extrapolated as a universal scaling law for Mammalia. Since then, many studies have sought to confirm this scaling relationship within a single order and have found equivocal support for Gould's assertion. In part, this may be related to the use of proxies for both PCOA and body mass, small sample sizes, or the influence of a “taxon-level effect,” rendering Gould's scaling “universal” problematic. Our goal was to test the universality of Gould's prediction and the impact of the taxon-level effect on regressions of tooth size on body mass in a large extant mammalian sample (683 species spanning 14 orders). We tested for the presence of two types of taxon-level effect that may influence the a...
Relationships among Actinomyces naeslundii (A. viscosus) Bacteriophages Isolated from Sewage and the Oral Cavity

Several lytic phages of Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2 (formerly A. viscosus) have been isolated from sewage and from dental plaque. To define the relationships between these phages and ultimately to assess their role in the ecology of the human oral cavity, 13 phages isolated from these two environments were purified and their biochemical properties compared. Five small, short-tailed phages, isolated from sewage over the course of several years (Av-1, Av-2, Av-3, 1281, and BF307) were morphologically indistinguishable from each other and from five phages recovered more recently from human dental plaque (CT1, CT2, CT3, CT6 and CT7). The small phages (all morphotype C1) contained double-stranded linear DNA, 18 kb in size. In contrast, three phages from dental plaque (CT4, CT5 and CT8) possessed longer tails and much larger head structures (morphotype B1). Two of the larger phages (CT4 and CT5) contained DNA genomes estimated to be 80 kb in size, whereas large phage CT8 contained DNA of approximately 50 kb. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed extensive differences between the large and small phages but the latter group showed similar, and in several cases identical, fragment patterns. These results indicate the existence of at least three distinct types of lytic bacteriophage active against oral Actinomyces spp. The similarities between the sewage and small dental plaque isolates indicate a high degree of relatedness and suggest that the sewage phages probably originated from the oral cavity. Keywords: Actinomyces, bacteriophages, oral phages, dental plaque
Interval translation mappings

A class of locally isometric, but not necessarily invertible mappings of an interval is considered. We show that under some conditions the study of the dynamical properties of these mappings can be reduced to interval exchange transformations. On the other hand, there are examples of mappings in this class with ergodic invariant measures supported by Cantor sets. The so-called μβ -sets studied by Y. Katznelson appear naturally in such examples.
WHAT COMMENDABLE GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES ARE NOW PROVIDED FOR COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Vocational Guidance Section, American Vocational Association, Los Angeles, December 17, 1927
Cross‐channel distribution patterns of zoobenthos in a regulated reach of the tennessee river

The importance of substrate type and water depth was investigated in a regulated reach of a large, navigable river in the U.S.A. Benthic grab samples were collected in June and August, 1989, along two shore-to-shore transects in the lower Tennessee River, approximately 1.5 km downstream from Kentucky Lock and Dam. Diversity, averaged over all samples, was not significantly different from June to August. River depth of our samples, which ranged from 3.1 m to 6.5 m, significantly influenced macroinvertebrate density but had no detectable effect on the total number of taxa collected. Densities of flatworms, Asiatic clams, snails, isopods, and mayflies increased significantly with increasing depth, whereas the abundance of native mussels (Unionidae) and caddisflies decreased with depth. Substrate type (sand through cobble) influenced both the total number of taxa and the total number of organisms collected. Sample areas dominated by cobble contained significantly fewer individuals than areas composed predominantly of gravel substrate. Asiatic clams, the single most abundant species collected, were consistently more numerous on intermediate substrate sizes. In contrast, densities of native mussels, snails, and mayflies were not correlated with bottom type. Sample areas included relatively little mud and sand, resulting in relatively low numbers of oligochaetes and midges in our collections.
Treating phenotype as given: a simple resampling method for genome-wide association studies

Significance of genetic association to a marker has been traditionally evaluated through statistics that are standardized such that their null distributions conform to some known ones. Distributional assumptions are often required in this standardization procedure. Based on the observation that the phenotype remains the same regardless of the marker being investigated, we propose a simple statistic that does not need such standardization. We propose a resampling procedure to assess this statistic’s genome-wide significance. This method has been applied to replicate 2 of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 simulated data on unrelated individuals in an attempt to map phenotype Q2. However, none of the selected SNPs are in genes that are disease-causing. This may be due to the weak effect that each genetic factor has on Q2.
Trapping of implanted He at Cu/Nb interfaces measured by neutron reflectometry

Neutron reflectometry is used to characterize physical vapor deposited [Cu/Nb]x/Si layered nanocomposites exposed to extreme helium ion doses. The effects of He ions on the interfacial roughness, layer swelling, and chemical mixing have been measured. Regions of high He concentration were localized at Cu/Nb interfaces while bulk Cu and Nb layers remained intact. This remarkable behavior is attributed to the efficient trapping and storage of He at interfaces as compared to bulk.
An active resistor network for Gaussian filtering of images

The architecture of an active resistive mesh containing both positive and negative resistors to implement a Gaussian convolution in two dimensions is described. With an embedded array of photoreceptors, this may be used for image detection and smoothing. The convolution width is continuously variable by 2:1 under user control. Analog circuits implement a 45*40 mesh on a 2- mu m CMOS integrated circuit, and perform an entire convolution in 20 mu s on applied images. >
Understanding Social Hierarchies: The Neural and Psychological Foundations of Status Perception

Social groups across species rapidly self-organize into hierarchies, where members vary in their level of power, influence, skill, or dominance. In this review, we explore the nature of social hierarchies and the traits associated with status in both humans and nonhuman primates, and how status varies across development in humans. Our review finds that we can rapidly identify social status based on a wide range of cues. Like monkeys, we tend to use certain cues, like physical strength, to make status judgments, although layered on top of these more primitive perceptual cues are sociocultural status cues like job titles and educational attainment. One's relative status has profound effects on attention, memory, and social interactions, as well as health and wellness. These effects can be particularly pernicious in children and adolescents. Developmental research on peer groups and social exclusion suggests teenagers may be particularly sensitive to social status information, but research focused specifically on status processing and associated brain areas is very limited. Recent evidence from neuroscience suggests that there may be an underlying neural network, including regions involved in executive, emotional, and reward processing, that is sensitive to status information. We conclude with questions for future research as well as stressing the need to expand social neuroscience research on status processing to adolescents.
Automated electroencephalogram identifies abnormalities in the ED

Abstract Background Advances in analysis of electrical signals have now made it possible to create a handheld electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods The BrainScope device, currently under development by BrainScope Co, Inc, Washington, DC, was used to assess 153 patients who presented to a tertiary referral hospital with headache or altered mental status. A limited array of 8 adhesive electrodes, similar to electrocardiographic leads, was applied to the forehead of the subjects. The data were analyzed, and the result given by the algorithm was compared with the clinical diagnosis given to the patient. Results One hundred fifty-three patients were enrolled. The patient was determined to be normal or abnormal using the algorithm in the device, and blinded clinicians determined whether this was accurate. The sensitivity of the device was 96% and the specificity was 87% for detecting abnormality. Conclusions The automated EEG device may be a useful tool for identifying brain abnormality in the emergency department.
Financial Incentives For Graduate Tax Education Offered By Public Accounting Firms

Partners in public accounting firms recognize the benefit of a graduate degree for future advancement in the tax service area. To study if firms are offering financial incentives to encourage and reward individuals in the tax service area who seek graduate degrees, a questionnaire was sent to 592 personnel partners in public accounting firms. The results indicate the types of support that public account firms are willing to provide for graduate tax education.
Development of a Child Abuse Level Management (CALM) guide for research with young children

Reporting child abuse or neglect is an ethical expectation and a legislated mandate of behavioral and health care professionals in the United States. In particular, researchers who investigate parent-child dyads are responsible for submitting procedures and informed consent documents to institutional review boards that provide for the protection of children. The challenge for researchers is to recognize failing quality of parent-child interaction, prior to any event of maltreatment and to intercede in a deteriorating dynamic. The obligation to report any suspicions of child maltreatment supersedes the responsibility to provide for confidentiality of research data. The purpose of this paper is to describe the rationale for the development of a research protocol guide, Child Abuse Level Management (CALM), and address protection of children in research. The CALM is a brief, flexible guide designed for use by researchers to help identify and respond to negative trends in the parent-child interaction during data collection. Suggested intervention scripts are provided that can be modified for specific culture-focused samples. The CALM guide can be used for training of data collectors using simulations prior to initiating any study involving higher-risk dyads.
Qat and Health

What effects may qat have upon the health of individuals? Certainly, the possibility of health effects is one of the more important questions which can be raised about the use of any ingested substance, and in this instance many health problems of Yemen have been laid at the door of qat. On the other hand, it has been asserted by mafiy, particularly Yemenis, that to associate health problems with qat-use is absurd. On more than one occasion in qat sessions, young intellectuals upbraided me for bothering to study such a trivial subject as qat and its uses. “You should be spending your time and money studying our serious economic problems, rather than our recreation,” one young man told me during a qat session in Taiz. However, such opinions were not frequent since many Yemenis are aware of the criticisms that have been leveled against their precious plant. Many wonder what its long-term effects might be. Our team usually received strong support and cooperation, and a strong curiosity was frequently expressed about what adverse health effects there might possibly be. In this chapter some more health related findings of the study are presented. It will be seen that drawing clear-cut conclusions on these matters is very difficult.
Integrated Care: Potential Disaster or Golden Opportunity?

This chapter explores the advantages and drawbacks of managed care and integrated primary and behavioral health care. It examines the implications of the trend toward increased integration of behavioral health care and primary care services. If integrated care can consistently generate sufficient medical cost offsets to fund the cost of providing the behavioral care, these programs can help managed care organizations solve the fundamental problem of delivering cost effective plans to employers without sacrificing health outcomes. In addition, behavioral health care providers may offer the expertise needed by managed care companies to understand consumer perceptions of health care and consumer values. The chapter highlights that some innovative providers have produced good patient outcomes by integrating behavioral health care into a primary care setting. To the extent that behavioral health care providers can successfully reduce patient medical expenditures via improved mental health, improved compliance with medical care instructions, and improved management of chronic diseases, behavioral health care providers may offer the solution to the fundamental dilemma posed by managed care.
The effects of storage temperature on PBMC gene expression

Cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a common and essential practice in conducting research. There are different reports in the literature as to whether cryopreserved PBMCs need to only be stored ≤ −150 °C or can be stored for a specified time at −80 °C. Therefore, we performed gene expression analysis on cryopreserved PBMCs stored at both temperatures for 14 months and PBMCs that underwent temperature cycling 104 times between these 2 storage temperatures. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to confirm the involvement of specific genes associated with identified cellular pathways. All cryopreserved/stored samples were compared to freshly isolated PBMCs and between storage conditions. We identified a total of 1,367 genes whose expression after 14 months of storage was affected >3 fold in PBMCs following isolation, cryopreservation and thawing as compared to freshly isolated PBMC aliquots that did not undergo cryopreservation. Sixty-six of these genes were shared among two or more major stress-related cellular pathways (stress responses, immune activation and cell death). Thirteen genes involved in these pathways were tested by real-time RT-PCR and the results agreed with the corresponding microarray data. There was no significant change on the gene expression if the PBMCs experienced brief but repetitive temperature cycling as compared to those that were constantly kept ≤ −150 °C. However, there were 18 genes identified to be different when PBMCs were stored at −80 °C but did not change when stored < −150 °C. A correlation was also found between the expressions of 2′–5′- oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS2), a known interferon stimulated gene (IFSG), and poor PBMC recovery post-thaw. PBMC recovery and viability were better when the cells were stored ≤ −150 °C as compared to −80 °C. Not only is the viability and recovery of PBMCs affected during cryopreservation but also their gene expression pattern, as compared to freshly isolated PBMCs. Different storage temperature of PBMCs can activate or suppress different genes, but the cycling between −80 °C and −150 °C did not produce significant alterations in gene expression when compared to PBMCs stored ≤ −150 °C. Further analysis by gene expression of various PBMC processing and cryopreservation procedures is currently underway, as is identifying possible molecular mechanisms.
Evaluation of Surefire's precision direct-to-tumor embolization device to augment therapeutic response to intra-arterial, liver-directed therapies for patients with primary and secondary liver cancers.

ABSTRACTPatients with primary and secondary liver cancers generally have a poor prognosis with limited potentially curative options. Liver-directed, intra-arterial therapies such as selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) and trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are taking a larger role in the management of these patients. The current standard of therapy is for delivery of SIRT or TACE particles through an end-hole microcatheter. Antireflux microcatheters (ARM) are a novel class of microcatheters designed to enhance intra-arterial therapies. These catheters are designed with a flexible tip at the end of the microcatheter, which partially collapses during systole and expands during diastole, reducing antegrade and retrograde particle reflux while allowing for forward flow. Initially designed to reduce the risk of particle reflux during SIRT, there is evidence that ARMs may lead to improved particle distribution to tumors during SIRT. Furthermore, ARMs improve embolization efficiency which may lead to imp...
Purification of hypothalamic melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-releasing factor with Sephadex.

SummaryAcetone powders prepared from ovine stalk-median eminence tissue were extracted with glacial acetic acid and the glacial acetic acid extract was lyophilized. An ammonium acetate extract of the resultant pow-der was filtered through a column of Sepha-dex G-25. The eluent was assayed for its ability to deplete the pituitary of MSH. Extracts were injected i.v. into normal male rats which were sacrificed 20 minutes later. The MSH activity in pituitaries from rats receiving extracts was compared to that found in pituitaries from diluent-injected controls. MSH activity was estimated in an in vitro assay by microscopic grading of the melano-cytes. An active zone was eluted from the column. At the peak of this zone 65-70% of the MSH activity had disappeared from the pituitaries of the test rats. The MSH-releasing zone was separated from the zones which contained CRF, GH-RF, LH-RF, PIF and vasopressin, but overlapped the zone which contained FSH-RF. It was concluded that MSH-RF can be added to the family of...
Lez takes time: designing lesbian contact in geosocial networking apps

ABSTRACTAs dating and hookup apps for gay men and hetero-identified users flourish, the slow growth of lesbian-identified apps is continually framed as a “problem” by developers, investors, and users. We observe this “problem” to be one of designing lesbian contact, a problem that materializes as a queer incommensurability at the intersection of app design, technology startup culture, and perceptions of lesbian sexuality. While locative media scholarship foregrounds the social dimensions of space, we consider temporal orienting devices that design contact among women seeking women using a case study of the lesbian dating app, Dattch (rebranded as Her in 2015). Dattch's development and eventual reconfiguration into Her exemplifies how lesbian contact is negotiated through an iterative design process that tries to manage the pressures of a rapidly moving, capital-driven “appified” market.
Elevated copeptin is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetic kidney disease in adults with type 1 diabetes

Abstract Background Vasopressin exerts important cardio–renal effects, but remains problematic to measure. Copeptin is a more stable peptide derived from the same precursor molecule. We examined the associations between copeptin, coronary artery calcium (CAC), albuminuria and impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Participants with (n=209) and without T1D (n=244) in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study were assessed for serum copeptin, CAC measured using 128-slice spiral CT, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and eGFR calculated by CKD-EPI creatinine. Impaired GFR was defined as eGFR 2 , albuminuria as UACR ≥30mg/g, high and very high CAC score as ≥100 and ≥300AU, and elevated copeptin as >13pmol/L (>97.5th percentile for healthy adults). Unadjusted and adjusted (age, sex, HbA1c, SBP and LDL-C) logistic models were applied to examine the relationships. Results Participants with T1D had greater ultrasensitive copeptin concentrations than non-diabetics (3.5 [95% CI 2.3–3.8] vs. 2.8 [2.7–3.1], p=0.003). In participants with T1D, elevated copeptin was associated with greater odds of impaired eGFR (OR: 18.52, 95% CI 4.03–85.02), albuminuria (10.55, 2.24–49.62), high CAC (6.61, 1.39–31.31) and very high CAC (6.24, 1.51–25.90) in multivariable models. Similar linear relationships were obtained with ultrasensitive copeptin, eGFR, UACR, CAC volume and CAC score in adjusted models. Conclusion In this cross-sectional analysis, copeptin was strongly associated with diabetic kidney disease and coronary atherosclerosis in adults with T1D. Further research is needed to determine whether these relationships hold true longitudinally in people with T1D.
Modulators of Multidrug Resistance: Preclinical Studies

The study of the cellular, biochemical, and molecular biology and pharmacology of MDR has provided one of the most active and exciting areas within cancer research for translation into potential clinical benefit. Although convincing evidence for the functional role of P-gp in mediating clinical drug resistance in humans remains scant, studies of the clinical expression of P-gp and trials of chemosensitizers with cancer chemotherapy suggest "resistance modification" strategies may be effective in some tumors with intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. However, even if P-gp-associated MDR proves to be a relevant and reversible cause of clinical drug resistance, numerous problems remain to be solved before effective clinical chemosensitization may be achieved. Such factors as absorption, distribution, and metabolism, the effect of chemosensitizers on chemotherapeutic drug clearance, toxicity to normal tissues expressing P-gp, and the most efficacious modulator regimens all remain to be defined in vivo. Clearly, the identification of more specific, more potent, and less clinically toxic chemosensitizers for clinical use remains critical to the possible success of this approach. However, the finding that a number of pharmacologic agents can antagonize a well-characterized form of experimental drug resistance provides promise for potential clinical applications. Further study of chemosensitizers in humans and the rational design of novel chemosensitizers with improved activity should define the importance of MDR to clinically resistant cancer.
Is thoracoscopic decortication sufficient for the treatment of empyema

Before thoracoscopy became popular in the 1990s, thoracotomy and decortication was the treatment of choice for empyema thoracis not responding to tube thoracostomy. An Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective review of all patients treated for empyema between September 1, 2006, and August 31, 2009, at Kern Medical Center was conducted. A total of 37 patients (male=33; female=4) with a mean age of 43.7 years were treated. Empyema developed after community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 27, traumatic hemothorax (TH) in nine, and other cause in one. For 34 of 36 patients (91%), a thoracoscopic approach was successful. Two of 36 patients required conversion to thoracotomy, whereas one patient required an initial thoracotomy in each case as a result of tenacious adhesions. Mean duration of the chest tube was 4.1 days in patients with CAP and 4.6 days in patients with TH. Mean length of stay after surgery was 6 days for patients with CAP and 9.1 days for patients with TH. Five of 37(13.5%) had complications and one patient died (2.7%). Follow-up was complete for 81.1 per cent of patients, none of whom required a subsequent intervention. Compared with the literature, it appears that the conversion rate to thoracotomy, length of chest tube duration, and postoperative length of stay have decreased as experience has increased.
In-situ characterization of wettability and pore-scale displacements during two- and three-phase flow in natural porous media

Abstract We establish a unique approach to measure in-situ contact angle from micro-CT images acquired during two- and three-phase miniature core-flooding experiments in order to overcome the uncertainties associated with conventional contact angle measurement techniques. The measurements are used to quantify the wettability behavior of the rock and explain pore-level displacement events occurring in three-phase flow. Six two-phase experiments are performed on individual core samples with three pairs of fluids, i.e., oil-brine, gas-oil, and gas-brine, and under two thermodynamic conditions: (a) binary-equilibrated, when only the two respective phases are at equilibrium and (b) ternary-equilibrated, when all three phases are equilibrated and only the two desired fluids are injected into the core. A three-phase experiment set is also performed under ternary-equilibrated conditions, which includes gas injection, a waterflood, and an oilflood process. All experiments are performed on Berea miniature core samples using a nonspreading brine-oil-gas fluid system. We measure receding and advancing contact angles at arc menisci and main terminal menisci for the two-phase binary-equilibrated experiments and characterize contact angle hysteresis for each fluid pair. Contact angle hysteresis values are almost identical for all fluid pairs. The results of the two-phase binary- and ternary-equilibrated experiments show similar contact angle distributions for each fluid pair. Contact angle distributions during the three-phase flow experiment are analyzed to develop new insights into relevant complex displacement mechanisms. The results indicate that, during gas injection, the majority of displacements involving oil and water are oil-to-water events. It is observed that, during the waterflood, both oil-to-gas and gas-to-oil displacement events take place. However, the relative frequency of the former is greater. For the oilflood, gas-water interfaces only slightly hinge in pore elements. Pore-scale fluid occupancy maps and the Bartell–Osterhoff constraint verify the above-mentioned findings.
Another Look at the Influence of Maternal Education on Preschoolers’ Performance on Two Norm-Referenced Measures:

The purpose of this study was (a) to describe the performance of preschool children from families with college-educated mothers on two norm-referenced measures, the Preschool Language Scale–4 (PLS-...
Cellular responses to replication stress: Implications in cancer biology and therapy

DNA replication is essential for cell proliferation. Any obstacles during replication cause replication stress, which may lead to genomic instability and cancer formation. In this review, we summarize the physiological DNA replication process and the normal cellular response to replication stress. We also outline specialized therapies in clinical trials based on current knowledge and future perspectives in the field.
Qualitative and Quantitative Correlation of PML-Rara Fusion Transcript from Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Samples By Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Introduction: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is biologically distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by PML-RARA fusion transcripts, and its survival has significantly improved with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Monitoring PML-RARA fusion transcripts with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the standard of care for the evaluation of response in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. We sought to determine the correlation between peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples in patients treated on our frontline studies. Methods: We correlated results from BM and PB samples obtained from patients with newly diagnosed APL treated on three consecutive prospective clinical trials of combination of arsenic trioxide (ATO) and ATRA with or without gemtuzumab ozogamycin (ID01-014; NCT01409161; and NCT00413166) at our institution. Qualitative RT-PCR was performed on reverse-transcribed RNA from PB and BM samples for the short and long isoforms of PML-RARA, and the percent ratios of PML-RARA to ABL1 transcript levels were calculated. The sensitivity of detection with RT-PCR was 1 in 100,000. For this analysis, we selected samples with the time interval of collection within 1 day. Qualitative correlation was assessed using Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient test. Spearman9s correlation coefficient was computed for quantitative variables to measure the extent of the association between samples. P values were two-sided and a p value of Results: From July 2002 to May 2015, 184 patients were enrolled in the clinical trials. RT-PCR for PML-RARA was performed in 2077 samples including 1261 BM samples and 816 PB samples. In total, 584 samples (292 sample pairs) from BM and PB were identified within 1-day time interval. PML-RARA levels from PB samples with RT-PCR were strongly qualitatively and quantitatively correlated with those from BM samples (r= 0.831, p Conclusions: Strong correlation between PB and BM results indicate that PML-RARA fusion transcript levels in patients with APL can be monitored using PB samples. Disclosures Verstovsek:Incyte Corporation: Research Funding. Estrov:incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding. Cortes:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Teva: Research Funding; BerGenBio AS: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ariad: Consultancy, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ambit: Consultancy, Research Funding; Arog: Research Funding; Celator: Research Funding; Jenssen: Consultancy.
Treatment of Del17p and/or Aberrant TP53 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Era of Novel Therapies.

More effective therapies are emerging, with better toxicity profiles, and are being incorporated into modern treatment algorithms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia at various stages of the disease, including for patients harboring Del17p and/or aberrant TP53. Ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, has demonstrated impressive response rates in the relapsed/refractory setting, including in the setting of Del17p and/or TP53 mutations. Venetoclax, an inhibitor of BCL-2 known to play an important role in regulating cell death, has been approved recently for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with Del17p who have received at least one prior therapy. Unfortunately, a cure remains unattainable unless eligible patients are offered an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. However, hematopoietic cell allografting is limited by the availability of suitable donors and significant morbidity and mortality. Recent clinical practice recommendations by the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation have relegated the role of transplantation to later stages of the disease. In patients with evidence of Richter syndrome, frontline consolidation allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remains the most desirable approach owing to the limited activity of ibrutinib or other novel therapies. Further therapeutic advances would require enrolling these patients in large clinical trials that evaluate novel therapies alone or in combination with traditional chemotherapies or even in the setting of posttransplant consolidation/maintenance.
Noninvasive Respiratory Support and Feeding in the Neonate

Background Preterm neonates are at risk for respiratory illness including respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Recent advancements in neonatal medicine have int...
Exploring the Great Schism in the Social Sciences: Confirmation Bias and the Interpretation of Results Relating to Biological Influences on Human Behavior and Psychology.

The nature–nurture debate is one that biologists often dismiss as a false dichotomy, as all phenotypic traits are the results of complex processes of gene and environment interactions. However, such dismissiveness belies the ongoing debate that is unmistakable throughout the biological and social sciences concerning the role of biological influences in the development of psychological and behavioral traits in humans. Many have proposed that this debate is due to ideologically driven biases in the interpretation of results. Those favoring biological approaches have been accused of a greater willingness to accept biological explanations so as to rationalize or justify the status quo of inequality. Those rejecting biological approaches have been accused of an unwillingness to accept biological explanations so as to attribute inequalities solely to social and institutional factors, ultimately allowing for the possibility of social equality. While it is important to continue to investigate this topic through f...
Using Video Self-Modeling as a Small Group Reading Fluency Intervention for Elementary School Students

ABSTRACTVideo self-modeling (VSM) has been used widely in the literature to teach a range of prosocial behaviors. More recently, VSM has been explored as both a supplement and stand-alone option to teach academic skills, particularly oral reading fluency. However, the literature is relatively sparse pertaining to the effects of video modeling, void of any current literature exploring the effects of video modeling as a component to small group reading interventions. The present study implemented a multiple baseline design across participants, with an alternating treatment design directly comparing a small group reading intervention with and without VSM. Nonoverlap of all pairs was used to measure the effects of the small group intervention with and without VSM relative to baseline, as well as to compare the two intervention packages to one another. Nonoverlap of all pairs scores indicated moderate to strong effects for both interventions across all participants, with little difference between the two inter...
Communication and Working with Authorities During Natural Disasters

Keeping people and animals out of harm's way, preventing property loss, and working together in the community with other animal stakeholders and officials are important in building community resilience during disasters. Developing plans for neighbors helping each other evacuate animals is important. Producer helping producer, veterinarian helping veterinarian, and community helping community build resilience by preventing loss, responding to needs, and recovering and restoring livelihoods.
HORMONES, INANITION AND SALIVARY GLANDS.

ABSTRACT This report will deal with the effect of the thyroid gland on enzyme activities of exocrine glands of the rat, and with the habitat, cell of origin, and function of the proteolytic enzyme system of the submaxillary gland. It will show that hypothyroidism reduces cell size and number, and thereby the weight, of the exocrine glands. It seems to affect the acini as well as the tubules. This uniform change in weight is not accompanied by a uniform effect on the activity of the digestive enzymes of these organs. This effect is selective: Hypothyroidism reduces the amylase of the pancreas and the parotid but has no effect on the proteases of the pancreas or the submaxillary gland. Castration reduces submaxillary proteases but does not influence those of the pancreas. Chronic inanition decreases the proteolytic activity of the submaxillary gland but has no effect on pancreatic protease. Evidence is presented which localizes the proteolytic enzyme of the submaxillary gland to the convoluted tubules. The site and mechanism of synthesis and the function of the enzyme system remain a matter of speculation.
Cytoskeleton and Root Hair Growth

Root hairs are long tubular outgrowths of root epidermis cell that form to increase the root surface in order to assist in the uptake of water and nutrients from soil. Root hair development consists of two distinct processes: root hair initiation and tip growth. During both events, the dynamic organization of the cytoskeleton translates local signaling events into a focused growth response that is critical during root hair growth. Microtubules are primarily important for maintenance of the direction of tip growth. The actin cytoskeleton, on the other hand, is crucial for the selection of the root hair initiation site and maintenance of tip growth. The unique cytoskeletal organization found in growing root hairs controls the polar delivery of membranes to the apex in order to enlarge the cell unidirectionally. Signaling factors, such as calcium and reactive oxygen species, are instrumental in maintaining polarity of the cytoskeleton, vesicle trafficking, and ultimately root hair growth. Interestingly, these regulatory factors are interdependent upon each other, so that an elaborate set of feedback loops forms that results in a stable self-organized cell polarity.
Quantum chaos in optical microcavities: A broadband application

Utilizing quantum chaos, a broadband and efficient coupling scheme has been demonstrated between a fibre and an optical microcavity. This approach may push optical microcavities with chaotic ray dynamics to fulfill their long-anticipated commercial potential.
Sonic watermarking

Audio watermarking has been used mainly for digital sound. In this paper, we extend the range of its applications to live performances with a new composition method for real-time audio watermarking. Sonic watermarking mixes the sound of the watermark signal and the host sound in the air to detect illegal music recordings recorded from auditoriums. We propose an audio watermarking algorithm for sonic watermarking that increases the magnitudes of the host signal only in segmented areas pseudorandomly chosen in the time-frequency plane. The result of a MUSHRA subjective listening test assesses the acoustic quality of the method in the range of "excellent quality." The robustness is dependent on the type of music samples. For popular and orchestral music, a watermark can be stably detected from music samples that have been sonic-watermarked and then once compressed in an MPEG 1 layer 3 file.
High Temperature Superconducting Quadrupole Magnets With Circular Coils

Particle accelerators use a variety of low field magnets. This paper describes a recently proposed, novel concept of using circular superconducting coils for multipole iron-dominated magnets. This type of magnet design is most suitable for the use in high temperature superconductors (HTS), as well as in react and wind magnet technology. The HTS quadrupole magnet with 45-mm aperture and 100-mm diameter coils was designed, fabricated, and tested. The magnet design includes the choice of superconductor, three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic field optimization, and mechanical design. The magnet models were tested at the liquid nitrogen temperature. This paper presents and discusses the test results.
Abstract 261: Proteomic Analysis of Infrarenal and Suprarenal Aorta in a Kawasaki Disease Vasculitis Murine Model Associated with Infrarenal Abdominal Aorta Dilatation and Aneurysms

Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a childhood vasculitis that leads to coronary artery aneurysms and is the leading cause of acquired heart diseases among children in the USA. We have reported t...