cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multivessel coronary artery disease revascularisation strategies in patients with diabetes mellitus

Patients with diabetes mellitus have increased rates of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure and death. Importantly, approximately 25% of patients undergoing coronary artery revascularisation have diabetes.1 Recently, the Future Revascularisation Evaluation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Optimal Management of Multivessel Disease trial found coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery superior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in significantly reducing rates of death and MI.2 It has been suggested that this study settles the controversy over the comparative effectiveness of CABG versus PCI for patients with diabetes and stable multivessel CAD.3 ,4 However, the optimal revascularisation strategy in this patient subgroup has been debated for years because of conflicting reports. Early results comparing CABG with PCI in patients with diabetes came from randomised clinical trial subgroup analyses.5 Only one reported a significant survival advantage for CABG,6 but small sample size and short follow-up duration were limitations of many trials. In the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularisation Investigation (BARI) trial,6 the 353 patient subgroup with diabetes had a lower 5-year mortality rate with CABG than with balloon angioplasty (19.4% vs 34.5%, p=0.0024). In 1995, the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute issued a clinical alert emphasising that finding, and supporting CABG as the revascularisation strategy of choice in patients with diabetes.7 After 10 years of follow-up, survival remained superior with CABG (57.8% vs 45.5%, p=0.025).8 Repeat 10-year revascularisation rates were 20.3% with CABG and 76.6% with PCI (p<0.001). A collaborative analysis performed on 1233 patients with diabetes included in 10 randomised trials also demonstrated a lower 5-year mortality rate with CABG compared with balloon angioplasty or bare metal stent implantation (12.3% vs 20%, HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.87).5 More recently, the BARI 2 Diabetes trial enrolled 2368 patients with …
Route, mechanism, and implications of proton import during Na+/K+ exchange by native Na+/K+-ATPase pumps.

A single Na+/K+-ATPase pumps three Na+ outwards and two K+ inwards by alternately exposing ion-binding sites to opposite sides of the membrane in a conformational sequence coupled to pump autophosphorylation from ATP and auto-dephosphorylation. The larger flow of Na+ than K+ generates outward current across the cell membrane. Less well understood is the ability of Na+/K+ pumps to generate an inward current of protons. Originally noted in pumps deprived of external K+ and Na+ ions, as inward current at negative membrane potentials that becomes amplified when external pH is lowered, this proton current is generally viewed as an artifact of those unnatural conditions. We demonstrate here that this inward current also flows at physiological K+ and Na+ concentrations. We show that protons exploit ready reversibility of conformational changes associated with extracellular Na+ release from phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps. Reversal of a subset of these transitions allows an extracellular proton to bind an acidic side chain and to be subsequently released to the cytoplasm. This back-step of phosphorylated Na+/K+ pumps that enables proton import is not required for completion of the 3 Na+/2 K+ transport cycle. However, the back-step occurs readily during Na+/K+ transport when external K+ ion binding and occlusion are delayed, and it occurs more frequently when lowered extracellular pH raises the probability of protonation of the externally accessible carboxylate side chain. The proton route passes through the Na+-selective binding site III and is distinct from the principal pathway traversed by the majority of transported Na+ and K+ ions that passes through binding site II. The inferred occurrence of Na+/K+ exchange and H+ import during the same conformational cycle of a single molecule identifies the Na+/K+ pump as a hybrid transporter. Whether Na+/K+ pump–mediated proton inflow may have any physiological or pathophysiological significance remains to be clarified.
Orthovoltage intraoperative radiotherapy: a new look at an old idea.

Abstract A 300 kvp orthovoltage machine has been permanently installed in an operating room for delivering intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). A historical review of orthovoltage IORT and our present approach are described. The preliminary experience with 38 patients treated with orthovoltage IORT indicates that this technique is feasible, has low acute morbidity, and can be useful for palliation. “Radical” radiation therapy consisting of IORT “boost” treatment combined with external beam was used in 24 patients with primary or recurrent cancer. Local failure in 27 patients treated with IORT ± external beam radiation therapy was 56%, but varied from 11% ( 1 9 ) for patients with resected disease to 78% (14/18) for patients with unresected disease. Complications occurred in nine patients (24%) and have been acceptable. There are 17 patients alive and six are NED, with follow-up of 4–18 months. There appears to be a role for orthovoltage TORT especially when combined with surgical resection for local control of advanced cancer arising in the abdomen where the use of high doses of external radiation therapy are hazardous.
Expertise promotes facilitation on a collaborative memory task

The effect of expertise on collaborative memory was examined by comparing expert pilots, novice pilots, and non-pilots. Participants were presented with aviation scenarios and asked to recall the scenarios alone or in collaboration with a fellow participant of the same expertise level. Performance in the collaborative condition was compared to nominal group conditions (i.e., pooled individual performance). Results suggest that expertise differentially impacts collaborative memory performance. Non-experts (non-pilots and novices) were relatively disrupted by collaboration, while experts showed a benefit of collaboration. Verbal protocol analyses identified mechanisms related to collaborative skill and domain knowledge that may underlie experts’ collaborative success. Specifically, experts were more likely than non-experts to explicitly acknowledge partner contributions by repeating back previously made statements, as well as to further elaborate on concepts in those contributions. The findings are interpreted according to the retrieval strategy disruption theory of collaborative memory and theories of grounding in communication.
Automated design of digital microfluidic lab-on-chip under pin-count constraints

Digital microfluidic biochips, as referred to as lab-on-a-chip, are revolutionizing DNA sequencing, immunoassays, and clinical diagnostics. Bioassays steps are mapped to a sequence of microfludic operations on a two dimensional array of electrodes. The number of independent input pins used to control the electrodes is an important cost-driver, especially for disposable PCB devices that are being developed for clinical and point-of care diagnostics. We review two design-automation methods for such pin-count-constrained biochips. The first design procedure relies on a droplet-trace-based array partitioning scheme and an efficient pin assignment technique, referred to as the "Connect-5 algorithm". The second pin-constrained design method relies on cross-referencing addressing based on "rows" and "columns" to access electrodes. An efficient droplet manipulationmethod is presented for this cross-referencing technique based on a mapping of the droplet-movement problem to the clique-partitioning problem from graph theory
The combination of X-ray-mediated radiosurgery and gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis for advanced intracerebral gliosarcomas in rats.

Rats with advanced, imminently lethal, ∼4 mm diameter, left-sided intracerebral 9L gliosarcoma (9LGS), a well characterized malignant tumor with some similarities to human high-grade astrocytomas, were used as a therapy model 14 days post-implantation of 104 cells. Such tumor-bearing rats die within two weeks (median, 6 days) thereafter if untreated. However, if these tumors are exposed on day 14 to 12–25 Gy of an electron-equilibrated 6 MV photon beam (radiosurgery), survival is extended about 5–6 fold to a median of 34 days, but long-term survival (> 1 year) is increased only to ∼18%. Multiple subcutaneous inoculations of radiation-disabled 9LGS cells post-radiosurgery (immunoprophylaxis) extended lifespan and long-term (> 1 year) survival minimally (median, 37 days; 25%, respectively). In sharp contrast, radiosurgery followed by multiple subcutaneous inoculations of radiation-disabled 9LGS cells that had been transfected with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMCSF), a cytokine with demonstrated immune-enhancing properties (i.e. gene-mediated immunoprophylaxis, GMIMPR) increased long-term survival to ∼67%. To our knowledge, these results are the first to show that the combination of photon radiosurgery and GMIMPR is effective for an advanced, imminently lethal brain tumor in a mammal. These data raise the possibility that GMIMPR following radiation therapy might prove effective for the treatment of some human malignant gliomas.
Wavelet transform for directional feature extraction in medical imaging

Directional features are extremely important in diagnostic imaging. They can be used either in the searching for important indications of abnormality or for the reference in image alignment. The wavelet transform (WT) as an efficient method for multiresolution representation has been used extensively in medical imaging. However, from the view point of directional selectivity it is not so efficient in feature extraction. In this paper, an analysis and comparison of directional selectivity of wavelet transforms with three different frequency decompositions were undertaken. WTs with radial-angular decomposition were used for two medical imaging problems: mass detection in digital mammography and lung nodule detection in chest radiography. The results demonstrated its efficiency.
Observations and simulations of the ionospheric lunar tide: Seasonal variability

The seasonal variability of the ionospheric lunar tide is investigated using a combination of Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) observations and thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM) simulations. The present study focuses on the seasonal variability of the lunar tide in the ionosphere and its potential connection to the occurrence of stratosphere sudden warmings (SSWs). COSMIC maximum F region electron density (NmF2) and total electron content observations reveal a primarily annual variation of the ionospheric lunar tide, with maximum amplitudes occurring at low latitudes during December-February. Simulations of the lunar tide climatology in TIME-GCM display a similar annual variability as the COSMIC observations. This leads to the conclusion that the annual variability of the lunar tide in the ionosphere is not solely due to the occurrence of SSWs. Rather, the annual variability of the lunar tide in the ionosphere is generated by the seasonal variability of the lunar tide at E region altitudes. However, compared to the observations, the ionospheric lunar tide annual variability is weaker in the climatological simulations which is attributed to the occurrence of SSWs during the majority of the years included in the observations. Introducing a SSW into the TIME-GCM simulation leads to an additional enhancement of the lunar tide during Northern Hemisphere winter, increasing the lunar tide annual variability and resulting in an annual variability that is more consistent with the observations. The occurrence of SSWs can therefore potentially bias lunar tide climatologies, and it is important to consider these effects in studies of the lunar tide in the atmosphere and ionosphere.
Virulence Differences in Mice of Type A and B Histoplasma capsulatum Yeasts Grown in Continuous Light and Total Darkness

Type B yeasts were more virulent for mice than type A under most experimental conditions. Mice infected with type B yeasts grown in the light lived significantly longer than those with type B yeasts grown in the dark. Virulence differences of type A yeasts grown in continuous fluorescent light versus total darkness were not statistically significant.
Apolipoprotein E inhibition of vascular hyperplasia and neointima formation requires inducible nitric oxide synthase

Previous studies have shown apolipoprotein E (apoE) recruitment to medial layers of carotid arteries after vascular injury in vivo and apoE activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in smooth muscle cells in vitro. This investigation explored the relationship between medial apoE recruitment and iNOS activation in protection against neointimal hyperplasia. ApoE was present in both neointimal-resistant C57BL/6 mice and neointimal-susceptible FVB/N mice 24 h after carotid denudation, but iNOS expression was observed only in the neointimal-resistant C57BL/6 mice. However, iNOS was not observed in apoE-defective C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, overexpression of apoE in FVB/N mice activated iNOS expression in the injured vessels, resulting in protection against neointimal hyperplasia. ApoE and iNOS were colocalized in the medial layer of neointimal-resistant mouse strains. Endothelial denudation of carotid arteries in the iNOS-deficient NOS2−/− mice did not increase neointimal hyperplasia but significantly increased medial thickness and area. The iNOS-specific inhibitor also abrogated the apoE protective effects on vascular response to injury in apoE-overexpressing FVB/N mice. Thus, injury-induced activation of iNOS requires apoE recruitment. Moreover, both apoE and iNOS are necessary for the suppression of cell proliferation, and apoE recruitment without iNOS expression resulted in medial hyperplasia without cell migration to the intima.
Estimating Rainfall in Regions of Active Convection

Abstract An attempt to estimate rainfall in convectively active regions using Kuo's parameterization scheme has been made. The precipitation in this model is given by P = lQ1/Δt, where P is the precipitation per unit time, l the fraction of a synoptic area covered by deep active convection, Q1 the mount of condensation heating according to moist adiabatic ascent, and Δt a time parameter related to the precipitating lifetime of the convective elements. Investigation of the above equation when P, l and Q1 were available indicated that an appropriate time parameter was 30 min and that the main contribution to the precipitation comes from the l parameter. A case is presented where l is obtained from satellite observations. The resulting precipitation estimate appears quite reasonable. The potential for estimating precipitation over the tropical means is pointed out.
An Overview of Case-Based and Problem-Based Learning Methodologies for Dental Education

Dental education has undergone significant curriculum reform in response to the 1995 Institute of Medicine report Dental Education at the Crossroads and the series of white papers from the American Dental Education Association Commission on Change and Innovation in Dental Education (ADEA CCI) first published in the Journal of Dental Education and subsequently collected in a volume titled Beyond the Crossroads: Change and Innovation in Dental Education. An important element of this reform has been the introduction into academic dentistry of active learning strategies such as problem-based and case-based learning. As an aide to broadening understanding of these approaches in order to support their expansion in dental education, this article reviews the major characteristics of each approach, situates each in adult learning theory, and discusses the advantages of case-based learning in the development of a multidisciplinary, integrated predoctoral dental curriculum.
Roll Waves and Slug Flows in Inclined Open Channels

Roll waves and slug flows are established as two distinctly different wave patterns and are studied phenomenologically in inclined open channel; characteristics of flow are expressed in terms of pertinent physical properties; theory is presented and reference is made to similar phenomena in allied fields in which mathematical analyses exist.
Assembling off-the-shelf components: "Learn as you Go" systems engineering

The process of developing new information systems has evolved from custom software development to assembly of off-the-shelf components. The change has significantly reduced both the costs and time to develop new capabilities, and as a notable result, e-business systems have been implemented at a very rapid pace. An assembly sequence (components to be assembled, corresponding dates and costs) has several risks including: 1) technical risk: successful (or not) function of assembled components by planned schedule milestones; 2) operational risk: achieving (or not) the desired business value by using the new system of assembled components; and 3) programmatic (schedule and cost) risks: accomplishing the assembly within time and budget constraints. As assembly proceeds, estimates of technical performance and operational value at the time of system completion can be adjusted, and one should consider what early milestones of component assembly suggest about later milestones. The technical community can be both hesitant to reveal and ascertain the results of combining off-the-shelf products into a working system, and it is typical to have significant cost and schedule overruns due to technical problems that are discovered late in system assembly. The operational community can be surprised by the results achieved in applying new capabilities, causing significant changes to what was originally desired from a new system. This paper presents a framework for planning and adjusting milestone sequences in assembling off-the-shelf software components. The framework balances technical and operational risks within established cost and time constraints.
Dance and Drama—The Connection

(1986). Dance and Drama—The Connection. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 57, No. 5, pp. 24-25.
HYPEREOSINOPHILIC SYNDROME PRESENTING WITH HIGHLY-MOBILE INTRAVENTRICULAR THROMBI

Hypereosoniphilic syndrome is a group of disorders characterized by eosinophilia without other apparent causes, with evidence of organ dysfunction. Cardiac involvement is frequent and is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by endocardial involvement with thrombus
Photoswitchable organocatalysis: using light to modulate the catalytic activities of N-heterocyclic carbenes.

A 4,5-dithienylimidazolium salt was found to undergo electrocyclic isomerization upon exposure to UV radiation (λirr = 313 nm) under neutral and basic conditions; subsequent exposure to visible lig...
Lensless hyperspectral spectromicroscopy with a tabletop extreme-ultraviolet source

We demonstrate hyperspectral coherent imaging in the EUV spectral region for the first time, without the need for hardware-based wavelength separation. This new scheme of spectromicroscopy is the most efficient use of EUV photons for imaging because there is no energy loss from mirrors or monochromatizing optics. An EUV spectral comb from a tabletop high-harmonic source, centered at a wavelength of 30nm, illuminates the sample and the scattered light is collected on a pixel-array detector. Using a lensless imaging technique known as ptychographical information multiplexing, we simultaneously retrieve images of the spectral response of the sample at each individual harmonic. We show that the retrieved spectral amplitude and phase agrees with theoretical predictions. This work demonstrates the power of coherent EUV beams for rapid material identification with nanometer-scale resolution.
Finite Nets, I. Numerical Invariants

A finite net N of degree k, order n, is a geometrical object of which the precise definition will be given in §1. The geometrical language of the paper proves convenient, but other terminologies are perhaps more familiar. A finite affine (or Euclidean) plane with n points on each line is simply a net of degree n+ 1, order n (Marshall Hall [1]). A loop of order n is essentially a net of degree 3, order n (Baer [1], Bates [1]). More generally, for , a set of k —2 mutually orthogonal n ⨯ n latin squares may be used to define a net of degree k, order n (and conversely) by paralleling Bose's correspondence (Bose [1]) between affine planes and complete sets of orthogonal latin squares.
Leukemogenesis by CBF oncoproteins

The AML1 and CBFβ subunits of core binding factor (CBF) are involved in several chromosomal abnormalities frequently associated with acute leukemias. As a result, the CBFβ-SMMHC, AML1-ETO and AML1-MDS1/EVI1 fusion proteins are expressed in subsets of acute myeloid leukemia, and TEL-AML1 is expressed in B-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia. These CBF oncoproteins likely contribute to leukemogenesis in part by inhibiting endogenous CBF. As a result they are expected to inhibit differentiation and perhaps apoptosis. In addition, the domains unique to each fusion protein may also contribute to leukemogenesis via unique mechanisms.
Ulcer Production in Intestines of Dogs by Various Enzymes Under Hydrostatic Pressure

Summary1. The proteolytic enzymes, rennin, trypsin, and erepsin, under hydrostatic pressure of 90 cm H2O produced necrosis of the intestines of dogs, rennin being the most active of the three. 2. The average time required to produce a perforation with N/10 HCl alone was about 50% more than with rennin in N/10 HCl. 3. Neither steapsin nor amylopsin caused necrosis under the above condition.
Sacral Foraminal Osteochondroma Causing Radiculopathy: A Case Report.

Osteochondromas are the most common benign tumor of bone. These tumors are composed of a histologically normal osseous projection and a cartilaginous cap. The lesion is commonly metaphyseal, likely arising from a physis. Clinically, osteochondromas usually present as a painless protrusion or bump. The most common age of presentation is between ten and twenty years of age. These tumors are rarely found in the spinal column1. Only 1% to 4% of primary osteochondromas occur in the spine2,3 and, of these, less than 0.5% originate in the sacrum4. We present a case of an anterior sacral osteochondroma that extended into the neural foramen and caused radiculopathy in a young athletic man. Although sacral osteochondromas have been previously reported, this case demonstrates the ability of these tumors to extend into and through the neural foramen, producing radiculopathy. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. ### Clinical History and Diagnosis An otherwise healthy twenty-year-old male recreational soccer player presented with the symptom of six months of right leg pain. The history was noteworthy for prior back pain from a mild lumbar disc herniation on the right at the L4-L5 level, diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which had been managed conservatively. For the six months prior to presentation, he reported experiencing a tingling and stabbing pain in the right buttock, posterior thigh, calf, and lateral aspect of the foot. He also had new onset of a “pins-and-needles” sensation in the lateral aspect of the right foot. The symptoms worsened with activity and prolonged sitting on hard surfaces. The patient stopped playing soccer secondary to severe stabbing leg pain. He denied muscle weakness, saddle anesthesia, bowel or bladder incontinence, weight loss, or night pain. Initial treatment was with physical therapy, nonsteroidal …
A Comprehensive Design-for-Test Infrastructure in the Context of Security-Critical Applications

Testability is a perennial concern that requires ever-improved solutions; however, potentially resultant security vulnerabilities need to be considered as well. This article provides a compact look at a body of DfT work from lead practitioners in the field. The DfT strategies address predicting and data Potential impacts DfT controlling test volume and reducing power. of to security are considered, along with strategies for providing testability without sacrificing security.
Application Analysis of Portable Thermostatic Apparatus in Field Testing

Portable thermostatic apparatus provides great convenience for developing comparison experiment of field devices.However,due to misoperation,measurement error is added,and testing accuracy is reduced.Through analysing the experiment data of portable thermostatic apparatus,this article discusses influence of the uniformity of horizontal and vertical temperature filed,stirring speed,stability and depth of liquid in oil-bath,measuring quantities on the testing result,which will help us to use this kind of apparatus correctly.
Influence of Drainage Conditions during Cone Penetration on the Estimation of Engineering Properties and Liquefaction Potential of Silty and Sandy Soils

AbstractThis paper examines the use of variable penetration rate cone testing to investigate the influence of drainage conditions on the estimation of engineering properties and liquefaction potential for natural deposits of sands with fines and silty soils. A detailed cone penetration test (CPT) investigation was performed at four historic liquefaction sites that are partially drained during standard cone penetration and contain liquefied sands with fines and sandy silts. Cone drainage conditions and their effect on cone measurements are evaluated at penetration rates ranging from 0.002 to 20 cm/s, and a systematic method for evaluating the relative contributions of rate effects is presented. The influence of penetration rate and drainage conditions on estimates of engineering properties and liquefaction potential is examined. Results demonstrate that partially drained conditions can have a significant influence on estimates of friction angle, relative density, and state parameter. The effects of partia...
States of Dependency : Welfare, Rights, and American Governance, 1935-1972

Who bears responsibility for the poor, and who may exercise the power that comes with that responsibility? Amid the Great Depression, American reformers answered this question in new ways, with profound effects on long-standing practices of governance and entrenched understandings of citizenship. States of Dependency traces New Deal welfare programs over the span of four decades, asking what happened as money, expertise and ideas travelled from a federal administrative epicenter in Washington, DC, through state and local bureaucracies, and into diverse and divided communities. Drawing on a wealth of previously un-mined legal and archival sources, Karen Tani reveals how reformers attempted to build a more bureaucratic, centralized and uniform public welfare system; how traditions of localism, federalism and hostility toward the 'undeserving poor' affected their efforts; and how, along the way, more and more Americans came to speak of public income support in the powerful but limiting language of law and rights. The resulting account moves beyond attacking or defending Americans' reliance on the welfare state to explore the complex network of dependencies undergirding modern American governance.
Presenting Statistical Analysis Results to Management

While it is important to be able to conduct the correct statistical analyses, it is equally important that results of analyses are packaged into easily understood PowerPoint presentations and Memos which translate those results to management and decision makers.
The Geographies of Social Movements: Afro-Colombian Mobilization and the Aquatic Space

Ulrich Oslender. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. ix and 290 pp., maps, diagrams, illustrations, notes, bibliography, glossary, index. $25.95 paper (ISBN 978-0-8223-61220); $94.95 cloth (IS...
Can Google Trends Actually Improve Housing Market Forecasts

We augment linear pricing models for the housing market commonly used in the literature with google trends data in order to assess whether or not crowd-sourced search query data can improve the forecasting ability of the models. We compare various performance measures of the augmented linear model's out-of-sample, one-step ahead, dynamic forecasts against a baseline version. We find that augmenting the models to take advantage of the availability of Google trend data does not improve the forecasting performance of the models.
Crowd-sourcing the smart city: Using big geosocial media metrics in urban governance:

Using Big Data to better understand urban questions is an exciting field with challenging methodological and theoretical problems. It is also, however, potentially troubling when Big Data (particularly derived from social media) is applied uncritically to urban governance via the ideas and practices of “smart cities”. This essay reviews both the historical depth of central ideas within smart city governance —particular the idea that enough data/information/knowledge can solve society problems—but also the ways that the most recent version differs. Namely, that the motivations and ideological underpinning behind the goal of urban betterment is largely driven by technology advocates and neoliberalism rather than the strong social justice themes associated with earlier applications of data to cities. Geosocial media data and metrics derived from them can provide useful insight and policy direction. But one must be ever mindful that metrics don’t simply measure; in the process of deciding what is important an...
Arnor: Modeling Social Intelligence via Norms to Engineer Privacy-Aware Personal Agents

We seek to address the challenge of engineering socially intelligent personal agents that are privacy-aware. We propose Arnor, a method, including a metamodel based on social constructs. Arnor incorporates social norms and goes beyond existing agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) methods by systematically capturing how a personal agent's actions influence the social experience it delivers. We conduct two empirical studies to evaluate Arnor. First, via a multiphase developer study, we show that Arnor simplifies application development. Second, via simulation experiments, we show that Arnor provides improved privacy-preserving social experience to end users than personal agents engineered using a traditional AOSE method.
Unmanned Aircraft System Applications in Construction

Abstract Technology advances in recent years have resulted in Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) designs that are more reliable, less expensive, and easier to control. This research looks at the current use of UASs within the United States construction industry. Areas of focus include risks associated with using UASs on construction sites, in-house verses outsourced resources, and a look at the future of UAS applications in construction. Survey results indicate many US companies use UASs on their sites with the majority of applications replacing traditional still photo and video acquisition. In addition to traditional uses of photographic information, photogrammetry software is being used to integrate this data into building information models. In August of 2016, the US Federal Aviation Administration issued new regulations creating a Remote Pilot Certificate and defined requirements for commercial use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. This paper looks at current and projected uses of UASs in the construction industry.
Overexpression of Truncated Human DISC1 Induces Appearance of Hindbrain Oligodendroglia in the Forebrain During Development

Genetic, neuroimaging, and gene expression studies suggest a role for oligodendrocyte (OLG) dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ). Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a risk gene for major psychiatric disorders, including SZ. Overexpression of mutant truncated (hDISC1), but not full-length sequence of human DISC1 in forebrain influenced OLG differentiation and proliferation of glial progenitors in the developing cerebral cortex concurrently with reduction of OLG progenitor markers in the hindbrain. We examined gene and protein expression of the molecular determinants of hindbrain OLG development and their interactions with DISC1 in mutant hDISC1 mice. We found ectopic upregulation of hindbrain glial progenitor markers (early growth response 2 [Egr2] and NK2 homeobox 2 [Nkx2-2]) in the forebrain of hDISC1 (E15) embryos. DISC1 and Nkx2-2 were coexpressed and interacted in progenitor cells. Overexpression of truncated hDISC1 impaired interactions between DISC1 and Nkx2-2, which was associated with increased differentiation of OLG and upregulation of hindbrain mature OLG markers (laminin alpha-1 [LAMA1] and myelin protein zero [MPZ]) suggesting a suppressive function of endogenous DISC1 in OLG specialization of hindbrain glial progenitors during embryogenesis. Consistent with findings in hDISC1 mice, several hindbrain OLG markers (PRX, LAMA1, and MPZ) were significantly upregulated in the superior temporal cortex of persons with SZ. These findings show a significant effect of truncated hDISC1 on glial identity cells along the rostrocaudal axis and their OLG specification. Appearance of hindbrain OLG lineage cells and their premature differentiation may affect cerebrocortical organization and contribute to the pathophysiology of SZ.
The Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone over Palladium Supported Zeolites

Abstract The one-step liquid phase synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) on supported Pd/ZSM-5 from acetone was extensively studied. Effects of supports, treatment reagents, and reaction variables on the activity and selectivity of MIBK formation were investigated. The catalyst life was also examined. It was found that organic acid pretreatment could enhance MIBK selectivity and catayst life. It is suggested that this enhancement is resulted from an expansion of secondary pores and an increased acidity.
Allgemeine Charakteristik und Klassifikation organischer Reaktionen

Im Prozes der Erkenntnis einer chemischen Umwandlung ist die erste Aufgabe, nachdem die Natur aller Produkte festgestellt worden ist, eine quantitative Relation zwischen den Ausgangsstoffen und den Produkten festzulegen. In der klassischen Periode der Organischen Chemie war eine Gleichung, die dies zum Ausdruck brachte, oft die einzige, allerdings nicht allzu befriedigende Darstellung einer Reaktion. Da in einer Gesamtgleichung dieser Art nur der Zustand des Systems vor und nach der Reaktion — und dies noch in einer moglichst vereinfachten Form — beschrieben wurde, konnte sie keine Vorstellung von dem eigentlichen, dynamischen Vorgang bieten. Die vereinfachte Form der Gleichung erlaubte keine Aussage uber diejenigen Komponenten, die zwar am Prozes direkt teilgenommen haben, am Ende jedoch unverandert herauskamen. Weil der Weg, an dem sich die Umwandlung der Ausgangsstoffe in Produkte vollzogen hatte, nicht wiedergegeben wurde, konnte man auch keine Aussagen uber die fur die Organische Chemie so charakteristischen Konstitutionseinflusse machen. Darum war es notig, die schlichte Beschreibung durch empirische Arbeitsregeln zu erganzen, mit deren Hilfe die Prozesse zwar besser charakterisiert, das Verstandnis ihres Wesens und ihrer Zusammenhange jedoch nicht erreicht wurde.
History of Immunology

The metamorphosis of immunology from a curiosity of medicine associated with vaccination to a modern science focused at the center of basic research in molecular medicine is chronicled here. The people and events that led to this development are no less fascinating than the subject itself. A very great number of researchers in many diverse areas of medicine and science contributed to building the body of knowledge we now possess. It will be possible to name only a few but we owe a debt to them all. We are standing on the shoulders of giants, and in remembering their achievements we come to understand better the richness of our inheritance.
Development of oral candidiasis following initiation and rechallenge of extended-release bupropion in a geriatric patient.

Abstract Objective: To report a case of oral candidiasis that developed in a 70-year-old white female both upon initiation and rechallenge of extended-release bupropion therapy. Case Summary: A 70-year-old female with a past medical history of osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, and polycythemia vera developed oral candidiasis on 2 occasions following initiation of extended-release bupropion for the treatment of recurrent depression. During both instances, the reaction occurred with an increased dose of the medication, suggesting the adverse event may have been dose-related. The patient had no risk factors for oral candidiasis aside from dry mouth at baseline that reportedly worsened on bupropion. Discussion: Though there are no other reports to our knowledge describing the development of oral candidiasis with bupropion, the likelihood of this having been an adverse reaction in this patient is probable as indicated by a calculated score of 8 from the Naranjo Algorithm. The adverse event appeared f...
Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species

especes rares. Deux nouvelles especes de Parapaguridae ayant des cornees subconiques, Oncopagurus conicus n. sp. et Paragiopagurus schnauzer n.sp., sont decrites en se basant sur des recoltes francaises faites dans le Pacifique ouest, en Nouvelle-Caledonie, aux Philippines et aux iles Salomon. Ces especes sont, respectivement, les 16 e et 18 e decrites dans les genres Oncopagurus Lemaitre, 1996 et Paragiopagurus Lemaitre, 1996. Deux autres especes de Parapaguridae ayant des cornees subconiques sont connues : Sympagurus acinops Lemaitre, 1989 et Oncopagurus minutus (Henderson, 1896). Dans ce travail, sont egalement mentionnes des specimens de deux especes rares et presentant des caracteres morphologiques uniques Typhlopagurus foresti de Saint Laurent, 1972 et Bivalvopagarus sinensis (de Saint Laurent, 1972), qui voient toutes deux leurs repartitions geographique et bathymetrique etendues. Les diagnoses des genres monotypiques Typhlopagurus et Bivalvopagarus doivent etre modifiees du fait de donnees nouvelles sur la morphologie et la biologie. Le premier a ete cree pour accueillir T. foresti, suppose a tort ne pas avoir de cornee et ainsi presume aveugle, le second pour B. sinensis, prematurement suppose utiliser exclusivement des coquilles de bivalves pour s'abriter.
In Vitro Imaging

In vitro imaging is a broad topic, with books written on each subtopic discussed in summary form in this chapter. Thus, the presentation cannot be comprehensive, but presents principles and examples in areas of current interest in pharmacokinetics in which we have had some experience. The discussion starts with front end devices for data acquisition, and then considers the different elements in the imaging chain. Autoradiography (ARG) systems are described in detail to indicate some of the techniques common to film and digital image analysis systems, as well as to illustrate selected biological applications. The discussion concludes with selected examples from oncology and cardiology research.
Closed-Chain Dynamics

The subject of this chapter is the dynamics of closed-chain multibody systems. These are systems whose underlying digraphs are not trees, but may be multiply- connected and include directed cycles, as illustrated in Fig. 8.6 on page 152. Section 9.6.2 on page 185 discussed some of the hurdles in extending SKOmodels to closed- chain systems. The issues identified included the fact that the SKO operator is not nilpotent when the digraph has directed cycles, and that the hinge generalized coor- dinates are not independent when there are multiply-connected nodes in the system digraph.
A transition-state-analog inhibitor influences zinc-binding by Aeromonas aminopeptidase

The transition-state-analog inhibitor, 1-butaneboronic acid, markedly enhances the uptake of one g-atom of Zn2+ ions from a metal ion buffer system by Zn-depleted Aeromonas aminopeptidase. In contrast, a substrate-analog inhibitor, n-valeramide, does not perturb the equilibrium between Zn2+ ions and the enzyme in a metal ion buffer system. These results establish a role for metal ions in the binding of 1-butaneboronic acid to Aeromonas amino-peptidase and strongly imply that a bound Zn2+ ion interacts directly with substrate during catalysis but not during initial binding of substrate.
Saccharinae Bioinformatics Resources

The primary goal of this chapter is to provide practical information for utilizing the array of Saccharinae bioinformatics resources that are presently available. The chapter begins with the description of a survey of Saccharinae bioinformatics resources that was undertaken early in 2010. Resources are categorized by life science area(s), available data types, and modes of data access. Navigating resources and searching for Saccharinae data is then described through a broad collection of search examples that cover categories ranging from maps, markers, and genomic sequence through transcriptome-, proteome-, and biochemistry-related data. Data integration, as means for providing answers to more complex biological questions, is discussed in terms of existing applications of reference genome sequence and possible future applications of co-expression network data.
Books on programming-oriented books

The statistics community is quite involved in analysing data using Windows menu or programming-based software. Of course, programming-based data analysis offers extra facility to tailor the analysi...
Grounding Measurement of Professional Skepticism in Mindset and Attitude Theory: A Way Forward

Professional skepticism is fundamental to audit quality, yet it is ill defined. Consequently, we first develop an attitude definition of professional skepticism, along with measures that can be used to infer the nature and strength of the auditors’ underlying professionally skeptical attitudes. Our measures include both skeptical judgments and skeptical actions, as advocated by Nelson (2009) and Hurtt, Brown-Liburd, Earley, and Krishnamoorthy (2013), along with an affective aspect, which is gaining attention in audit research (e.g., Bhattacharjee and Moreno 2013; Guenin-Paracini, Malsch, and Marche Paille 2014). We then place our attitude conceptualization of professional skepticism within our Auditors’ Judgment and Decision Making (JDM) Research Framework, which we developed to organize the auditor judgment literature, at large. Our framework allows researchers to identify what is and what is not a professional skepticism study, while also providing insights about the important relationships among auditors’ cognitive processes, their attitudes, and the extent to which those attitudes manifest in their judgments and decisions. Together, our attitude conceptualization of professional skepticism and our proposed framework for auditors’ JDM research facilitate the identification of root causes of audit deficiencies and facilitate the development of interventions to correct such deficiencies. Thus, we expect they will be valuable tools for researchers who wish to maximize the scholarly contribution of their future work.
Website review: Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)

The term “impact investing,” also known as sustainable investing, emerged around 2007 in response to a growing regulatory and philanthropic interest in minimizing negative social and environmental ...
Impact of irrigation on interannual variability in United States agricultural productivity

Abstract Irrigation contributes to enhance and sustain agricultural production in the U.S. across all aridity regimes, via mitigation against interannual environmental variability. Currently, a quantitative understanding of the role of irrigation in stabilizing agricultural yields is lacking, limiting the realization of irrigation-adoption impacts. Here we use >220,000 historical (1950–2015) county-year irrigated and rainfed yield records for the top-nine U.S. crops [maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa)]. To comprehensively quantify the “Irrigation-Induced Reduction in Crop Yield Variability” (IIRYV, defined as the percent reduction in crop yield variability when irrigated with respect to rainfed yield variability). Averaged across all crops, national-level IIRYV was 41 %, which varied from 0 to 90 % across various regions and crops. IIRYV was highly crop-specific, and maize and cotton crops demonstrated the highest and least magnitudes. IIRYV substantially varied spatially within the constituent growing regions for each crop, and thus national scale assessments masked significant spatial differences. IIRYV was subject to interannual (temporal) variability; however, in general, IIRYV increased over time (1950–2015) for most crops. These findings will help in the evaluation of the contribution of historical irrigation development policy and adoption in the U.S in mitigating external shocks (variability) in U.S. agricultural productivity. The demonstration of spatial and temporal dynamics in IIRYV will aid in irrigation-water allocations and adoption by prioritizing irrigation development for vulnerable crops and regions.
House finches with high coccidia burdens experience more severe experimental Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections

Parasites co-infecting hosts can interact directly and indirectly to affect parasite growth and disease manifestation. We examined potential interactions between two common parasites of house finches: the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum that causes conjunctivitis and the intestinal coccidian parasite Isospora sp. We quantified coccidia burdens prior to and following experimental infection with M. gallisepticum, exploiting the birds' range of natural coccidia burdens. Birds with greater baseline coccidia burdens developed higher M. gallisepticum loads and longer lasting conjunctivitis following inoculation. However, experimental inoculation with M. gallisepticum did not appear to alter coccidia shedding. Our study suggests that differences in immunocompetence or condition may predispose some finches to more severe infections with both pathogens.
Ultrafast structural dynamics of materials captured by relativistic electron bunches

Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) has become a leading technique for investigation of structural dynamics in solids providing high spatial and temporal resolutions. Radio frequency (RF) based photoinjectors providing Mega-electron-volt (MeV) scale electron beams are improving the source brightness and instrument versatility and are largely responsible for advancement of the field of structural dynamics. At Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), an RF photoinjector gun for ultrafast structural studies using UED has been in development and is now producing high-quality scientific results. Here we describe some factors that enable UED of materials at LBNL and present some exemplary results.
Time travelers: victorian encounters with time & history: edited by Adelene Buckland and Sadiah Qureshi, with a forward by Mary Beard, Chicago, University of Chicago P, 2020, 312 pp., $27.50 (paperback), ISBN: 9780226676791

Time travel is a potent imaginative concept – a fruitful place to play, both creatively and intellectually. Hence the enduring popularity of the theme in literature, film, and other genres. The ess...
What’s It Like Inside the Hive? Managerial Discretion Drives TMT Gender Diversity of Women-Led Firms:

Do women promote other women? We investigate this question through the lens of gender role theory and managerial discretion. While the trickle-down effect suggests that women in positions of power ...