cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urban channel incision and stream flow subsidies have contrasting effects on the water status of riparian trees

The water relations of riparian trees are often closely tied to stream hydrology and channel morphology, which can be altered by urban development. In regions with limited precipitation, urban water use can generate or augment dry-season stream flows, potentially providing a water subsidy to riparian trees. However, urbanization is also associated with high storm flows that cause stream channel incision, or downcutting, which could limit the effect of flow subsidies by lowering riparian water tables. We investigated the effects of urban dry-season flow subsidies and stream channel incision on the water status of streamside trees in Sacramento, California, which has a Mediterranean climate with a distinct and lengthy dry season. For two common facultative riparian species, Quercus lobata (valley oak) and Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon ash), we analyzed both midday stem water potential (Ψstem) measurements and leaf carbon isotope signatures (∂13C) to determine whether channel incision and dry-season flow had interacting effects on seasonal midday water stress and longer-term water use efficiency. We found that stream flow could substantially reduce dry-season water stress in both tree species, but only at low levels of channel incision. Leaf ∂13C signatures for Q. lobata suggested increased water use efficiency in trees growing along incised streams and those lacking dry-season flow. Urban management decisions that affect both dry-season base flows and channel incision can thus influence the growth and health of riparian trees, potentially leading to broader changes in riparian ecosystems.
A Contemporary Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Cardiac Transplantation from Donors with Blood Infections

Purpose Consideration of cardiac allografts from donors with blood infections (DBI) varies widely across institutions and providers. While often discarded due to concern for infectious complications in immunocompromised recipients, these organs may represent a possible source for addressing prolonged waitlist times. Existing evidence in the literature is from prior decades; consequently, we sought to analyze the outcomes of recipients of DBI hearts using contemporary data. Methods We identified first-time, adult recipients of cardiac transplants from 2010 to 2018 using the OPTN/UNOS Standard Transplant Analysis and Research Files. Patients were classified by receipt of an organ from DBI versus those from a donor with no documented blood infection (control cohort). Information about culprit pathogen and antimicrobial therapy was not available in this dataset. Overall survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier log-rank analysis. Predictors of mortality were assessed using a Cox proportional-hazards model. Results From 2010 to 2018, 22,834 heart transplants met inclusion criteria, of which 1,982 (8.7%) involved a donor with a blood infection. Recipients were comparable in terms of age, sex, race, diagnosis, history of diabetes, serum creatinine, and proportion with mechanical circulatory support devices. Donors with blood infections were significantly older (29 vs. 28, p=0.01) and more likely to have diabetes (4% vs. 3%, p=0.02). DBI and control cohorts experienced equivalent length of index stay (16 vs. 56.5 days, p=0.051) and rates of rejection requiring treatment over their first year (p=0.40). Overall survival was equivalent (p=0.69) between DBI and control groups. Of note, Cox regression analysis revealed that blood infection was not predictive of mortality (HR 1.00, p=0.98). Predictors of mortality included age over 60 (HR 1.3, p 30 (HR 1.2, p Conclusion Adults who received first-time heart transplants from donors with blood infections from 2010 to 2018 experienced survival equivalent to controls. Although clinical judgement remains paramount, our findings discourage disqualification of an allograft due to blood infection alone.
DC Link Voltage Balancing of the Active Front-End for the Extreme Fast Charging Stations

One of the most important challenges of the extreme fast charging (XFC) stations is to balance the DC link voltages of the active front-end (AFE). The multilevel cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converter is a great topology for the AFE applications due to the high power density, low total harmonic distortion (THD), and a low number of active and passive components. In this paper, a technique is proposed for balancing DC-link capacitor voltages of a three-phase CHB converter, when a phase shift-PWM modulation technique is used on all cells of the converter. To reach this goal, the redundant states of the CHB converters are used for generating different AC voltage levels by sorting the voltages of the converters. The proposed voltage balancing technique uses the principles that are employed for the DC link voltage balancing of the low-frequency modulation techniques to balance the DC link voltages of the CHB converter. As shown in this paper, the DC link voltages of the CHB converter can accurately be balanced very fast without using PI controllers, which are used in the conventional DC link voltage balancing techniques. A controller also is proposed which will be used to control the dq currents of the CHB converter. To verify the advantages of the proposed technique, the simulation results of the proposed technique will be carried out in a three-phase 7-cell CHB AFE.
Plant Species Fed on by Wild Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) at Nine Sites

A key aspect of a primate’s ecology is its food source, the very nature of which is spatially and seasonally dependent and may be affected by anthropic pressures. One of the most endangered, yet best-studied, strepsirrhine primates is the ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta), a species that has experienced significant human-induced habitat loss over many decades. To help understand feeding variability across time and space, I present a literature review of plant species (and parts) fed on by ring-tailed lemurs at nine sites in Madagascar: Ambatotsirongorongo, Andringitra Massif, Anja Reserve, Antserananomby, Berenty Reserve, Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Cap Sainte-Marie, Tsaranoro Valley Forest, and Tsimanampetsotsa National Park. I gathered literature using keyword searches on Google Scholar ( https://scholar.google.com/ ) and verified scientific names using the “Catalogue of the Plants of Madagascar” ( http://legacy.tropicos.org/Project/Madagascar ). From 24 studies, I identify 221 genera and 241 species of consumed plants, with 92 genera and 70 species consumed at two or more sites. Based on the available distribution data, 63% of species are endemic and 22% native. Sixty-seven plants are known only by Malagasy common names and excluded from analyses. When authors identify the plant tissue consumed, 52% of species in the diet are represented by a single tissue type, typically leaves (mature and immature) or fruit (ripe or unripe). This review highlights the importance of studying multiple populations when creating dietary summaries of species and should prove valuable to those exploring ecological trends and habitat use by ring-tailed lemurs.
Analysis of a ThunderX2 System Using Top-Down and Purchasing Power Parity Methods

Bottleneck analysis has been used to understand the underlying performance of the different components that make up a CPU. The goal is to improve overall performance through the effective use of different architectural components. Through the use of benchmarks, users can gain a better understanding of performance issues, by tracking how bottlenecks are being handled by the architecture. A comparison of bottlenecks generated by different settings sheds information into the performance capabilities of the platform being tested. The issue is that standard techniques might not have complete information on how bottlenecks evolve between settings relative to a reference configuration. We complement the Top-Down microarchitectural analysis method with a normalization technique from the field of economics, purchasing power parity (PPP). This pairing makes it possible to better understand the relative difference between bottlenecks when normalizing with a reference thread configuration. In this study, we find a number of Top-Down identified bottlenecks that had large relative differences that standard, non-normalized, Top-Down metrics failed to identify.
EFFECTIVENESS OF REAL-TIME INFORMATION STRATEGIES IN SITUATIONS OF NON- RECURRENT CONGESTION

The effect of real-time information on the performance of a traffic commuting corridor in situations of non-recurrent congestion is studied using a dynamic simulation model. Non-recurrent congestion refers to situations resulting from a temporary reduction in the capacity of a section of a highway due to accidents, repairwork or construction. Simulation experiments are performed using four experimental factors- location of the incident, duration of the incident market penetration(fraction of users with access to real-time information), and user behavioral rules- to study the overall system performance. The results illustrate the interactions between the various experimental factors and provide insights into possible control and diversion strategies.
Modeling Self-Propelled Deformable Cell Motion in the Dictyostelium Mound; a Status Report

A population of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae changes its behavior dramatically upon starvation. Cell division ceases, and a developmental program which enables the cells to aggregate and exhibit multicellular behavior follows. Developing a computational model which can address collective cell motion and self-organization in the multicellular State is obviously of interest and will undoubtedly have applications to biological systems other than Dictyostelium. In this report, we describe our recent attempts to generate such a model and to thereafter apply it to some recent experimental findings.
A REAL-TIME VIEW OF LIFE WITHIN 100 NM OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

The plasma membrane is a two-dimensional compartment that relays most biological signals sent or received by a cell. Signalling involves membrane receptors and their associated enzyme cascades as well as organelles such as exocytic and endocytic vesicles. Advances in light microscope design, new organelle-specific vital stains and fluorescent proteins have renewed the interest in evanescent field fluorescence microscopy, a method uniquely suited to image the plasma membrane with its associated organelles and macromolecules in living cells. The method shows even the smallest vesicles made by cells, and can image the dynamics of single protein molecules.
SOME TOOLS OF THE ECONOMIST

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on some tools of the economist. There are two methods of organizing economic activity: (1) a market mechanism and (2) collective decision making. There is some variation within these two classifications. The rules and guidelines for a market economy are established by the public decision-making process. The accepted forms of competition may vary among market economies. There may be some differences in how the rights and responsibilities of property owners are defined. As an alternative to market organization, economic decisions can be made by collective decision making—by elected representatives, direct referendum, or some other governmental mechanism. Central planning and political factors replace market forces. The decision to expand or contract the output of education, medical services, automobiles, electricity, steel, consumer durables, and thousands of other commodities is made by government officials and planning boards. If the government officials and central planners are influenced by the democratic process, they would have to consider how their actions influence their election prospects; if they do not, their tenure of service is likely to be a short one.
Species: a praxiographic study

Taxonomists, who describe new species, are acutely aware of how political, economic, and ecological forces bring new forms of life into being. Conducting ethnographic research among taxonomic specialists – experts who bring order to categories of animals, plants, fungi, and microbes – I found that they pay careful attention to the ebb and flow of agency in multispecies worlds. Emergent findings from genomics and information technologies are transforming existing categories and bringing new ones into being. This article argues that the concept of species remains a valuable sense-making tool despite recent attacks from cultural critics. Espece: une etude praxiographique Resume Les taxonomistes, qui decrivent et qualifient les nouvelles especes, sont particulierement conscients de la maniere dont les forces politiques, economiques et ecologiques engendrent de nouvelles formes de vies. En menant une recherche ethnographique parmis ces specialistes en classification biologique – ces experts qui ordonnent les categories d'animaux, de plantes, de fungi et de microbes – j'ai constate qu'ils examinent minutieusement le va et vient de l'agentivite au sein des mondes multi-especes. Les conclusions naissantes de la genomique et de l'informatique transforment les categories existantes et en engendrent de nouvelles. Cet article soutient que le concept d'espece reste un outil precieux, malgre les attaques culturelles recentes.
Assessment of the deep gray nuclei in holoprosencephaly.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although holoprosencephaly has been known for many years, few detailed analyses have been performed in a large series of patients to outline the range of morphology in this disorder, particularly regarding the deep gray nuclear structures. We reviewed a large patient cohort to elucidate the combinations of morphologic aberrations of the deep gray nuclei and to correlate those findings with recent discoveries in embryology and developmental neurogenetics. METHODS: A retrospective review of the imaging records of 57 patients (43 MR studies and 14 high-quality CT studies) to categorize the spectrum of deep gray nuclear malformations. The hypothalami, caudate nuclei, lentiform nuclei, thalami, and mesencephalon were graded as to their degree of noncleavage. Spatial orientation was also evaluated, as was the relationship of the basal ganglia to the diencephalic structures and mesencephalon. The extent of noncleavage of the various nuclei was then assessed for statistical association. RESULTS: In every study on which it could be accurately assessed, we found some degree of hypothalamic noncleavage. Noncleavage was also common in the caudate nuclei (96%), lentiform nuclei (85%), and thalami (67%). Complete and partial noncleavage were more common in the caudate nuclei than in the lentiform nuclei. The degree of thalamic noncleavage was uniformly less than that in the caudate and lentiform nuclei. Abnormalities in alignment of the long axis of the thalamus were seen in 71% of cases, and were associated with degree of thalamic noncleavage; 27% of patients had some degree of mesencephalic noncleavage. CONCLUSION: The hypothalamus and caudate nuclei are the most severely affected structures in holoprosencephaly, and the mesencephalic structures are more commonly involved than previously thought in this ‘‘prosencephalic disorder.’’ These findings suggest the lack of induction of the most rostral aspects of the embryonic floor plate as the cause of this disorder.
The Soviet space programme ߝ a Kettering view

Many of the details of the Soviet space programme are closed to the West. The Kettering Group by inference from monitored signals has been able to build up a picture of the scope and extent of the programme
Variation in the response to transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in the general population.

Abstract Objectives : The aim of this study is to describe the variability and other characteristics of the motor evoked potential (MEP) to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a large database. Methods : One hundred fifty one subjects, including 17 sib pairs, free of neurological or psychiatric disease and on no neuroactive medications were studied with uniform techniques. Nineteen were studied on 3 occasions. Measures included MEP threshold ( N =141) during rest and voluntary muscle activation and the response to paired TMS (subthreshold conditioning stimulus) at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 3, 4, 10, and 15ms ( N =53). Results : There was a large variability in all the measures. Approximately 40–50% of this appeared to come from within-subjects variation or experimental error. The MEP threshold data were skewed downward, but normalized with log transformation. The paired-pulse ratios (conditioned/unconditioned MEP) were normally distributed except those from the 3ms ISI which had no lower tail and could not be normalized. There were subjects showing inhibition and others showing facilitation at all ISIs. There were no correlations in any of the data with age or sex, but MEP thresholds were highly correlated within sibs. Conclusions : These data should be useful for planning, analyzing, and interpreting TMS studies in healthy and patient populations.
Robotic manipulation using an open-architecture industrial arm: a pedagogical overview [Education]

Robotics education at the undergraduate level is most effective as a coupling between theoretical concepts and tangible experiments. Making this connection effective requires a pragmatic way of applying the traditional robotic material to exciting laboratory exercises. A course recently offered in Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, simply titled "Introduction to Robotics," utilizes an open-architecture robotic arm to give students hands-on experience with topics that they encounter in lecture. None of the experiments conducted in this course are wholly novel; however, the use of an open-architecture hardware or software system enables the instructor to rapidly prototype lab exercises with minimal effort. This column will give an overview of the apparatus and experiments used for this course.
Nonlinear dynamic experiment appears as peripheral to neural network or other controller

Abstract As a result of the current interest in utilizing neural networks (NN) for the control of nonlinear processes, many researchers are interested in having a real system to control rather than a simulated one in order to develop and demonstrate the capabilities of their techniques. Many of these researchers are experts in neural networks but have neither the time nor the expertise to develop the interface required to control a nonlinear system. In order to encourage NN controller development, the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research and George Mason University have developed the Fast Adaptive Manoeuvering Experiment (FAME) which makes a small, electric-powered helicopter mounted to a 6 degree-of-freedom stand appear to the user as a computer peripheral. The interface is through an RS-232 asynchronous, serial, full-duplex interface operating at 9600 baud. A modified Motorola MC68HC11 evaluation board programmed using integrated C and assembly language is used for the interface. The 68HC11 functions to convert the serial bit strings from a neural network controller into the required pulse width modulated signals to drive the five control servos while converting the voltages on the six position-potentiometers of the stand into X, Y, and Z positions and roll, pitch, and yaw angles. Yaw-dot is also measured from a rate gyro and its value returned to the NN controller.
Calibrated alar base excision: a 20-year experience.

Conflicting guidelines for excisions about the alar base led us to develop calibrated alar base excision, a modification of Weir's approach. In approximately 20% of 1500 rhinoplasties this technique was utilized as a final step. Of these patients, 95% had lateral wallexcess (“tall nostrils”), 2% had nostril floor excess (“wide nostrils”), 2% had a combination of these (“tall-wide nostrils”), and 1% had thick nostril rims. Lateral wall excess length is corrected by a truncated crescent excision of the lateral wall above the alar crease. Nasal floor excess is improved by an excision of the nasal sill. Combination noses (e.g., tall-wide) are approached with a combination alar base excision. Finally, noses with thick rims are improved with diamond excision. Closure of the excision is accomplished with fine simple external sutures. Electrocautery is unnecessary and deep sutures are utilized only in wide noses. Few complications were noted. Benefits of this approach include straightforward surgical guidelines, a natural-appearing correction, avoidance of notching or obvious scarring, and it is quick and simple.
The history of the aquaculture genetics program at Auburn University

Abstract The Auburn University Aquaculture Genetics Program has an 80-year history with focused efforts on genetics and breeding, transgenic technology and genomics being initiated 43, 27 and 18 years ago. This resulted in the first successful selection experiments for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, the basis of the monosex tilapia industry, the first production of transgenic fish in the US, major advances in catfish genomics and the first production of a xenogenic catfish. The most significant impact has been the establishment of the technology to allow a hybrid catfish industry, which produced 150 million hybrid catfish fry in 2012. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture XI, Auburn, AL, June 24–30, 2012.
The effects of inferior olive lesion on strychnine seizure.

Abstract Bilateral inferior olive lesions, produced by systemic administration of the neurotoxin 3acetylpyridine (3AP) produce a proconvulsant state specific for strychnine-induced seizures and myoclonus. We have proposed that these phenomena are mediated through increased excitation of cerebellar Purkinje cells, through activation of glutamate receptors, in response to climbing fiber deafferentation. An increase in quisqualic acid (QA)-displaceable [ 3 H]AMPA [(RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid] binding in cerebella from inferior olive-lesioned rats was observed, but no difference in [ 3 H]AMPA binding displaced by glutamate, kainic acid (KA) or glutamate diethylester (GDEE) was seen. The excitatory amino acid antagonists GDEE and MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclo-hepten-5,10 imine] were tested as anticonvulsants for strychnine-induced seizures in 3AP inferior olive-lesioned and control rats. Neither drug effected seizures in control rats, however, both GDEE and MK-801 produced a leftward shift in the strychnine-seizure dose-response curve in 3AP inferior olivelesioned rats. GDEE also inhibited strychnine-induced myoclonus in the lesioned group, while MK-801 had no effect on myoclonus. The decreased threshold for strychnine-induced seizures and myoclonus in the 3AP-inferior olive-lesioned rats may be due to an increase in glutamate receptors as suggested by the [ 3 H]AMPA binding data.
Anti-idiotype tumor vaccines.

The immunotherapy of human cancer using tumor cells or tumor-derived vaccines has been disappointing for several reasons. It has been consistently difficult to obtain large quantities of pure tumor antigens which are often chemically ill-defined and difficult to purify. In addition, there is the question whether there exists truly tumor-specific antigens and finally, there remains the problem of the immunobiological response potential against tumor antigens, or in other words, the question whether a cancer patient can mount effectively an immune response against his tumor. Tumor-associated antigens are often a part of “self” and usually evoke a very poor immune response in a tumor-bearing host due to a state of T cell-mediated suppression (Haubeck and Kolsch, 1982; Howie and McBride, 1982) and also because of tolerance to the antigen (Greene, 1980; McBride and Howie, 1986). Immunobiologists have learned that a poor antigen can be turned into a strong antigen by simply changing the molecular environment of the haptenic structure. Such changes of the carrier for haptens allow T cell help to become active, making the overall immune response stronger.
Projection methods for time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract The classical projection method and its variants have been widely used in practice because of their efficiency. However, to the author's knowledge, rigorous error analyses for those schemes are still not available. We consider in this paper two projection schemes in semi-discretized form for the Navier-Stokes equations, and for these schemes we provide error estimates for the velocity as well as for the pressure.
The K+ channel inward rectifier subunits form a channel similar to neuronal G protein-gated K+ channel.

G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channel subunits GIRK1 (Kir 3.1), GIRK2 (Kir 3.2), and CIR (Kir 3.4) were expressed individually or in combination in Xenopus oocytes and CHO cells. GIRK1 coexpressed with CIR or GIRK2, produced currents up to 10-fold larger than any of the subunits expressed alone. No such clear synergistic effects were observed upon coexpression of CIR/GIRK2 under the same conditions. Coexpression of G protein βγ (mGβ1γ2) increased the current through GIRK1/GIRK2 and GIRK2 channels. Gβγ subunits purified from bovine brain, increased channel activity 50–1000-fold in patches from cells expressing GIRK1/GIRK2 or GIRK2 alone. The single GIRK1/GIRK2 channels resembled previously described neuronal G protein-gated K+ channels. In contrast, single GIRK2 channels were short-lived and unlike any previously described neuronal K+ channel. We propose that some neuronal G protein-activated inward rectifier K+ channels may be formed by a GIRK1/GIRK2 heteromultimer and that Gβγ activation may involve both subunits.
Current Status of Targeted Therapies for Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) with treatment outcomes that have historically been poorer than those observed with other NHL subtypes. Patients typically present with dvanced-stage disease and frequent extranodal involvement; the median age at diagnosis is >60 years. Recent improvements in progression-free and overall survival have been observed with more dose-intensive strategies, although at least half of patients diagnosed with MCL are not eligible for such treatment approaches based on age and co-morbidities. In addition, therapy options for relapsed MCL are limited. Only bortezomib is approved for treatment of relapsed MCL in the US. Development of targeted therapy approaches to minimize toxicities while preserving anti-neoplastic properties is of particular importance in MCL. Multiple ongoing studies are attempting to build on the known efficacy of bortezomib by evaluating combination regimens with other targeted agents or cytotoxic chemotherapy. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor temsirolimus has known activity in MCL, making this an attractive class of agents for further investigation in combination regimens. Rituximab and other monoclonal antibodies are being evaluated for novel roles in MCL treatment, including as maintenance therapy. Other classes of drugs being investigated in MCL are immunomodulatory agents, inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and B-cell receptor signalling pathways, and inhibitors of bcl-2 and histone deacetylase. Although many of the agents appear to have modest single-agent activity, the favourable toxicity profile of many agents will make them best suited for incorporation into combination regimens.
Tutorial / HCI for recommender systems: a tutorial

This tutorial is an introduction to the concepts and techniques from human-computer interaction, focused on designing usable interfaces. Topics covered include user and task analysis, prototyping, design techniques, interface evaluation, and various processes for designing interfaces. While the overall content mirrors general user interface design courses, a section will focus specifically on challenges in designing intelligent systems (including adaptive systems, recommender systems, agent-based interfaces, etc.), including an exploration of the metaphors and paradigms of interaction with intelligent systems. The tutorial is intended for those who do not have an HCI background (it would be redundant with a typical undergraduate course on the topic), and it is focused on practical techniques that could be applied when designing recommender systems for end users.
112. Infiltrating monocytes contribute to neuroinflammation in obese mice with latent herpes simplex virus-1

Obesity results in increased inflammation and susceptibility to infection and has been linked with anxiety and cognitive impairment. Previous studies from our lab have sought to determine how obesity alters neuroinflammation in mice latently infected with herpes simplex virus-(HSV)-1. We have found that obesity prolongs inflammation in the brains of latently HSV-infected mice and results in increased anxiety. In this study, we sought to determine the contribution of infiltrating monocytes to the prolonged neuroinflammation in the obese, latently infected mice. C57Bl/6 and CCR2RFP/+/CX3CR1GFP/+ mice, which allow us to distinguish microglia from infiltrating mononuclear cells, were used in this study. Weanling mice were placed on a low fat diet. Five days post weaning, the mice were infected with a low dose of HSV-1. After 14 days, half of the mice were moved to a high fat diet (45% lard/soybean oil). At various points following infection, we determined the number and phenotype of infiltrating cells using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Latently infected mice on the HF diet had greater infiltration of monocytes into the brain and increased microglial activation compared to latently infected mice maintained on the low fat diet and uninfected mice on the high fat and low fats diets (p
New assignment of the vibrational structure of the V ← N transition in ethylene-d4

Abstract The diffuse absorption bands of the valence (V ← N) transition of ethylene- d 4 (and by implication the more diffuse bands of all other ethylene isotopomers) are assigned on the basis of both ab intio MO calculations and spectroscopic modelling. Only two modes are found to contribute: the torsional mode ( v 4 ) producing cold- and hot-band progressions and a nontotally symmetric inducing mode of 703 cm −1 in the V state. The latter mode is active in intensity borrowing, probably from the lowest Rydberg transition (R ← N) in which case it is tentatively identified as v 8 (b 2g , CH 2 pyramidalization). All observed bands are assigned accurately by our model which locates the V ← N origin at 44300 cm −1 .
An alternate set of basis functions for the electromagnetic solution of arbitrarily shaped, three‐dimensional, closed, conducting bodies using method of moments

In this work, we present an alternate set of basis functions, each defined over a pair of planar triangular patches, for the method of moments solution of electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems associated with arbitrarily-shaped, closed, conducting surfaces. The present basis functions are point-wise orthogonal to the pulse basis functions previously defined. The prime motivation to develop the present set of basis functions is to utilize them for the electromagnetic solution of dielectric bodies using a surface integral equation formulation which involves both electric and magnetic cur- rents. However, in the present work, only the conducting body solution is presented and compared with other data.
Spin Paramagnetism of Cr + + + , Fe + + + , and Gd + + + at Liquid Helium Temperatures and in Strong Magnetic Fields

A quantitative experimental study of space quantization of magnetic dipoles and quenching of orbital angular momentum has been made by measuring the fractional variation of the magnetic moment of para magnetic ions with magnetic field strength at fixed temperatures. The study of trivalent chromium ion (4F3/2 state for free ion) in potassium chromium alum up to 99.5 percent saturation at 1.29°K and in a field of 50,000 gauss gave a close confirmation of space quantization of magnetic dipoles through compatibility of experimental results with the Brillouin function and very marked incompatibility with the Langevin function. The quenching of orbital angular momentum by the crystalline electric field was demonstrated by the agreement of experimental measurements with a Brillouin function for g=2 (L=0) as against g=2/5 (L=3). The paramagnetic saturation of iron (6S5/2 for free ion) ammonium alum and gadolinium (8S7/2 for free ion) sulfate octahydrate was achieved, thus permitting of speculation as to a small contribution of the crystalline field to the magnetic moment. Some preliminary calculations were made of this effect for iron ammonium alum and compared with experiment. Experimental study of moments consisted in moving a spherical sample with respect to a double coil system and measuring the flux change ballistically. Magnetic moments were reproducible to ~0.2 percent in mid-range and the magnitude of H/T is known to ~1.5 percent.
Mixed-initiative photo collage authoring

Creating an artifact that captures the story or memory from a large photo collection is a difficult task, because the tools available are either too difficult to learn, or oversimplified to the point that they lack flexibility. Individual techniques have been developed to automate parts of the selection-editing-composition cycle, but relatively little has been done to strike the right overall balance between the fully automatic and the fully manual. In this paper, we present miCollage, which attempts to piece together individual technologies to create a compelling collage authoring experience. The system consists of three main components. In the selection component, the system can make proactive suggestions about which photos to add to the collage as well as help the user to find similar or related photos. In the editing component, the system applies automatic cropping and enhancement to the images. In the layout component, the system suggests alternative layouts but is still able to accommodate manual changes, while satisfying various spatial constraints. The user interface connects the components seamlessly, allowing a best of both worlds between fully manual and fully automatic collage authoring.
An Application of Simulation Modelling and Optimization in Fisheries Management

The distribution of scallop density and size varies spatially as scallops are nearly sessile species and large scallops grow slowly and die naturally at a constant rate, even without fishing. Harve...
Reconstruction of the functions from their moments obtained by QCD calculation

Abstract Inversion of moments by the method of orthogonal polynomials expansion is presented. The method is examplified by reconstructing the nonsinglet distribution function K NS ( x , Q 2 ) in a jet initiated by a quark, from its moments.
Using Cooperative Learning with Preservice Elementary and Secondary Education Students

On the basis of their experiences in more than 35 courses, the authors present recommenda tions for the use of cooperative learning with preservice teachers. Research on the use of cooperative learning in higher education is briefly outlined. Nine cooperative learning strategies are described, and examples of topics and implementation procedures are dis cussed. Results of a survey of preservice students' attitudes toward cooperative learning are presented, including representative student comments from questionnaires and interviews.
Economic Explanation for Privatization of Forests and Forestland: Canada and the United States

SUMMARY This paper analyses the differences between forestland tenure systems in Canada and the US. Evolution of the two systems is primarily explained by variation of scarcity and land productivity. In early colonial times, Canada's economy was tightly linked to the fur trade with Indian people, while New England's economy was based more on agriculture with more intensive land use. In Canada, the focus was on the rights to timber from natural forests due to its abundant natural forests, poor road access and low productivity for farming, whereas in the US, the focus was on not just the forests but also the land as land was valuable for farming. While we emphasize the differences in scarcity in timber and timberland as the main cause of the disparity of the forestland tenure systems between the two countries, some legal and political factors are also explored.
Response of tension‐leg platforms to vertical seismic excitations

The purposes of this report were: to set up an analysis model for the determination of tension-leg platform (TLP) response when the platform is subjected to vertical earthquake excitation; to find the hydrodynamic added mass and damping coefficients of a moving cylinder resting on the sea bed surface; and to set up a simple model for determining the slope response of the TLP tendon at its connection with the foundation when the TLP is subjected to horizontal seismic excitation.
Statins for acutely hospitalized patients: randomized controlled trials are long overdue

From the earliest studies of statins for control of plasma cholesterol, observations have been made that the reductions in mortality observed occurred in a manner seemingly independent from what could be anticipated from cholesterol lowering alone. Over the last decade, the pleiotropic effects of statins have been increasingly elucidated. Perhaps most intriguing are the effects statins appear to have on the immune system, especially the modulation of diffuse or systemic inflammation. There is a growing body of observational literature suggesting that statins can actually reduce hospital mortality through mechanisms far beyond those that can be explained by reductions in cardiovascular events.
Addressing alcohol use and problems in mandated college students: A randomized clinical trial using stepped care

Objective: Over the past 2 decades, colleges and universities have seen a large increase in the number of students referred to the administration for alcohol policies violations. However, a substantial portion of mandated students may not require extensive treatment. Stepped care may maximize treatment efficiency and greatly reduce the demands on campus alcohol programs. Method: Participants in the study (N = 598) were college students mandated to attend an alcohol program following a campus-based alcohol citation. All participants received Step 1: a 15-min brief advice session that included the provision of a booklet containing advice to reduce drinking. Participants were assessed 6 weeks after receiving the brief advice, and those who continued to exhibit risky alcohol use (n = 405) were randomized to Step 2, a 60- to 90-min brief motivational intervention (n = 211), or an assessment-only control (n = 194). Follow-up assessments were conducted 3, 6, and 9 months after Step 2. Results: Results indicated that the participants who received a brief motivational intervention showed a significantly reduced number of alcohol-related problems compared to those who received assessment only, despite no significant group differences in alcohol use. In addition, low-risk drinkers (n = 102; who reported low alcohol use and related harms at 6-week follow-up and were not randomized to stepped care) showed a stable alcohol use pattern throughout the follow-up period, indicating they required no additional intervention. Conclusion: Stepped care is an efficient and cost-effective method to reduce harms associated with alcohol use by mandated students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Adaptive sequential sampling for surrogate model generation with artificial neural networks

Abstract Surrogate models – simple functional approximations of complex models – can facilitate engineering analysis of complicated systems by greatly reducing computational expense. The construction of a surrogate model requires evaluation of the original model to gather the data necessary for building the surrogate. Sequential sampling procedures are proposed for determining and minimizing the required number of samples for efficient global surrogate construction. In this paper, two new adaptive sampling algorithms – one purely adaptive and one combining adaptive and space-filling characteristics – are proposed and compared to a purely space-filling approach. Our analysis suggests a mixed adaptive sampling approach for constructing surrogates for systems where the behavior of the underlying model is unknown. Results of the case study, optimization of carbon dioxide capture process with aqueous amines, revealed that the mixed adaptive sampling algorithm may reduce the required sample size by up to 40% compared to a purely space-filling design.
Wireless microstimulators for treatment of peripheral vascular disease

Electrical stimulation of the rat sciatic nerve for the potential treatment of peripheral vascular disease was investigated using a chronically implanted millimeter-wide ultrasound-powered neurostimulator. The implanted device was sufficiently small as to pass through a 15 Ga syringe needle and produce as much as 25% increases in blood flow in a normal rat. The neurostimulator was powered by pulsed 500 kHz ultrasound applied to the rat skin over the implant at safe power levels on the order of 10-100 mW/cm2. Vasodilation was produced using pulse amplitudes just below that needed to evoke rat hindlimb motor response and at widths of 1 ms and frequency of 3 Hz for 5 periods of 30s with 120s of resting time. The results using a laser Doppler flowmetry system showed the neurostimulator to be an effective and wireless method of increasing peripheral blood flow in the rat hindlimb.
New ion-exchange packing based on zirconium oxide surface-stabilized, diol-bonded, silica substrates

Abstract A new family of silica-based ion-exchange packing materials has been compared in stability and chromatographic performance to similar organic based materials. The new materials are derivatives of the zirconium oxide-stabilized Zorbax® Bio Series GF-250 and GF-450. Long-term stability of the cation-exchange packings has been determined with no detectable loss of the organic surface material. Using a previously published theoretical model, the surface of these materials has been tested with various proteins. Although many results correlate with the model, certain modifications may be necessary if it is to described all observations. In a practical application of these new packings, monoclonal antibody was purified from ascites fluid and was further analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These new ion-exchange packing materials function in a manner very similar to packings based on synthetic on synthetic organic polymers.
Suppression of Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Transcriptional Activity by the HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase EGLN1

The cellular response to hypoxia is, at least in part, mediated by the transcriptional regulation of hypoxia-responsive genes involved in balancing the intracellular ATP production and consumption. Recent evidence suggests that the transcription factor, HIF-1α, functions as a master regulator of oxygen homeostasis by controlling a broad range of cellular events in hypoxia. In normoxia, HIF-1α is targeted for destruction via prolyl hydroxylation, an oxygen-dependent modification that signals for recognition by the ubiquitin ligase complex containing the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. Three HIF prolyl hydroxylases (EGLN1, EGLN2, and EGLN3) have been identified in mammals, among which EGLN1 and EGLN3 are hypoxia-inducible at their mRNA levels in an HIF-1α-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrated that apart from promoting HIF-1α proteolysis in normoxia, EGLN1 specifically represses HIF-1α transcriptional activity in hypoxia. Ectopic expression of EGLN1 inhibited HIF-1α transcriptional activity without altering its protein levels in a von Hippel-Lindau-deficient cell line, indicating a discrete activity of EGLN1 in transcriptional repression. Conversely, silencing of EGLN1 expression augmented HIF-1α transcriptional activity and its target gene expression in hypoxia. Thus, we proposed that the accumulated EGLN1 in hypoxia acts as a negative-feedback mechanism to modulate HIF-1α target gene expression. Our finding also provided new insight into the pharmacological manipulation of the HIF prolyl hydroxylase for ischemic diseases.
9omparison of the effectiveness of various pretreatment methods on the enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) biomass

Abstract Lignin, phenolic substances and other interfering constituents in agricultural biomass act as physical barriers and diminish the rate and extent of hydrolytic degradation of cellulose. In order to enhance the enzymatic susceptibility of cellulose substrate, a variety of pretreatment processes prior to cellulose hydrolysis have been investigated. Waste leaves and stems of sweet potatoes have been examined as substrates for the production of fermentable sugars for conversion to ethanol. This investigation considers the effects of a variety of single and multiple pretreatment methods on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of stems and leaves by cellulase from Trichoderma viride . For the single pretreatment, each substrate was treated with either 2·0% or 4·0% (w/v) sodium hydroxide at room temperature (24 h), or with 70% (v/v) ethanol at 60°C (3 h), or with methanl, or was extracted directly in 75% zinc chloride (w/v) solution in 0·5% hydrochloric acid at 140°C (12mmin). Multiple pretreatments consisted of the following: methanol or methanol and acetone, sulfuric acid (1%, v/v) followed by sodium hydroxide (4·0%. w/v) or zinc chloride or sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride; ethanol, zinc chloride; methanol or methanol and acetone followed by zinc chloride. Single pretreatments were not promising. However, single or multiple pretreatments of leaves enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis and yields of glucose. Neither single nor multiple pretreatments was found to be very effective for stem substrates, as untreated stems were highly susceptible to cellulolysis. Among all the pretreatments, those involving zinc chloride in hydrochloric acid generally resulted in higher glucose yields.
Buccal mucosal cell immunohistochemistry: a simple method of determining the ABH phenotype of baboons, monkeys, and pigs.

: Background: Baboons and monkeys fail to express ABH antigens on red blood cells (RBCs), and the A or H antigens are expressed only weakly on the surface of pig RBCs. Baboons and monkeys have been previously blood typed by detection of ABH antigens in the saliva after administration of pilocarpine. A reliable method to ABH type pigs is by immunohistochemical staining of renal distal tubules in kidney biopsies. We describe a simple and efficient method to blood type baboons, monkeys, and pigs. Methods: Baboons (n=14) and cynomolgus monkeys (n=8) were blood typed by staining of buccal mucosal smears and by determining the presence of serum anti-A or B antibodies following human type O adsorption. Pigs (n=11) were tested for ABH type by immunohistochemistry for the presence of A, B, and H antigens using monoclonal antibodies on (i) renal biopsies, (ii) RBCs, and (iii) buccal mucosal smears, without pilocarpine administration, in addition, (iv) after adsorption on human type O RBCs to remove anti-human antibodies, the pig sera were typed by hemagglutination assay for the presence of anti-A or B antibodies using human A and B RBCs. Results and conclusions: There was complete consistency among the results obtained using all of the above methods, except that no determination could be made from staining of RBCs in one pig. Staining of buccal mucosal cells proved to be the preferred method in all three species because: (i) expression of A or H antigen is weak on pig RBCs, making an accurate blood type determination difficult, and A, B, and H expression is non-existent on baboon and monkey RBCs, (ii) neither venepuncture nor organ biopsy is necessary, (iii) time-consuming adsorption of anti-human antibodies from the sera of the test animal is not required, and (iv) it proved a quick method of evaluation.