cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast MRI data acquisition using multiple detectors

We present a novel imaging procedure using multiple receiver coils. This circumvents the sequential acquisition of signals required by conventional imaging strategies. The advantage of this technique over existing subsecond imaging techniques is that (a) contrast can be maintained and (b) there is no magnetic field gradient switching involved.
Measurement of plasma α-ketoisocaproate concentrations and specific radioactivity by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic technique for the measurement of the specific radioactivity and concentration of α-ketoisocaproate in plasma is described. Plasma proteins are precipitated by additions of acetone, the supernatant is applied to a cation-exchange column, and the resulting eluate is injected into a C18 reverse-phase column. Analysis time is approximately 10 min. Quantitative recovery, specificity, and sensitivity of this method are described and make this system attractive for in vivo α-ketoisocaproate kinetic studies. Using this procedure, the apparent flux of α-ketoisocaproate in postabsorptive dogs was determined during an infusion of α-[U-14C]ketoisocaproate and averaged 2.8 + 0.41 μmol/kg-min.
Moderation of age, sex, and ethnicity on psychosocial predictors of increased exercise and improved eating.

ABSTRACT Although research indicates that treatment-induced improvements in self-regulation, mood, and self-efficacy significantly predict increased exercise and improved eating, moderation by participants’ personal characteristics is largely unknown. Severely obese adults (N = 414; 47% White, 53% African American) volunteered for a behavioral exercise and nutrition treatment and demonstrated significant within-group improvements in self-efficacy for exercise, self-regulation for exercise, mood, self-efficacy for controlled eating, self-regulation for controlled eating, exercise volume, and fruit and vegetable intake over 26 weeks. After testing age, sex, and race/ethnicity as possible moderators of the prediction of changes in exercise volume and fruit and vegetable consumption by changes in self-regulation, mood, and self-efficacy, only age significantly moderated change in volume of exercise. Implications for theory and treatment were discussed.
Wireless Virtual Multiple Antenna Networks for Critical Process Control: Protocol Design and Experiments:

Wireless telemetry systems for remote monitoring and control of industrial processes are now becoming a relevant topic in the field of networked control. Wireless closed-loop control systems have stricter delay and link reliability requirements compared to conventional sensor networks for open-loop monitoring and call for the development of advanced network architectures. By following the guidelines introduced by recent standardization, this paper focuses on the most recent technological advances to enable wireless networked control for tight closed-loop applications with cycle times below 100 ms. The cooperative network paradigm is indicated as the key technology to enable cable replacing even in critical control applications. A cooperative communication system enables wireless devices placed at geographically separated locations to act as a virtual ensemble of antennas that creates a virtual multiple-antenna-distributed system. A proprietary link-layer protocol/based on the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer has been developed and tested in an indoor environment characterized by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation and dense obstacles. The measurements obtained from the testbed evaluate experimentally the benefits (and the limitations) of cable replacing in critical process control.
Chromosomal Reassignment: YACs Containing Both YES1 and Thymidylate Synthase Map to the Short Arm of Chromosome 18

Abstract The YES1 proto-oncogene was mapped previously to human chromosome band 18q21.3 by using isotopic in situ hybridization. Using yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) as probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization, a strong signal was detected in the region corresponding to 18p11.3. Restriction digests confirmed that the YACs contained the YES1 gene and not other cross-hybridizing, protein-tyrosine kinases. In addition, these-YACs were found to contain another 18p11.32 gene, thymidlylate synthase. These genes were less than 50 kb apart. Collectively, these data suggest that YES1 maps to 18p11.32 rather than to 18q21.3.
Creating effective flood mitigation policies

Hurricane Katrina in 2005 increased awareness of the vulnerability of people and property in flood-prone areas of the United States, particularly repetitively flooded properties. Prior to Katrina, repetitive loss properties cost the United States over $200 million annually [General Accounting Office (GAO), 2004]. The U.S. Congress passed the Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004 (FIRA) to maintain the fiscal soundness of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and ease the burden of repetitive loss properties on NFIP Federal calculations indicate that every dollar spent on mitigation activities creates a $3.65 savings in future disaster recovery costs, and the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) estimates that over $1 billion are spared annually through flood mitigation and floodplain management programs [GAO, 2005a].
Ethical Principles and Evaluation Standards: Do They Match?.

This study asked three questions: (a) What ethical principles are available to guide program evaluators? (b) how do the standards developed by the Joint Committee on Standards match up with ethical...
A Plasma Membrane-associated Component of Ovarian Adenocarcinoma Cells Enhances the Catalytic Efficiency of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2

Several recent investigations have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) binds to the cell surface and undergoes zymogen activation via a plasma membrane-associated activity. The purpose of this study was to determine if association of MMP-2 with the plasma membrane also modulates the catalytic efficiency of the active enzyme. Using density gradient centrifugation, we isolated the plasma membrane fractions of two ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, DOV 13 and OVCA 432, previously described either to express MMP-2 or to express no gelatinolytic metalloproteinases, respectively. While DOV 13 cells contained plasma membrane-associated MMP-2 and OVCA 432 did not, both cell types were able to bind exogenous MMP-2. Furthermore, plasma membrane fractions from these cells significantly enhanced the rate of cleavage of [14C]gelatin I substrate by both MMP-2•tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) complex (2.5-8-fold) and TIMP-2-free MMP-2 (5.9-fold). This stimulatory activity was dose-dependent, soluble in Triton X-100, and abolished by trypsin treatment of the membranes, but was stable to heat treatment. Plasma membrane stimulation of MMP-2 resulted in a 3.8-4.6-fold increase in the catalytic efficiency of gelatinolysis. These data suggest that, in addition to promoting zymogen activation, cell surface binding of MMP-2 may regulate enzyme activity by increasing the rate of substrate cleavage. Via this mechanism, tumor cell types that do not express MMPs (such as OVCA 432) nevertheless may be able to utilize exogenous MMP-2 to mediate proteolysis associated with invasion and metastasis.
A nonlinear solution scheme for multistory, multibay plane frames

Abstract If a plane frame experiences bending deformations in the fundamental state or is in a post-buckled secondary state, then a precise determination of the load-deflection relationships requires consideration of member rotations. This leads to highly nonlinear equations: and for multistory, multibay frames with many members, the solution is difficult to obtain. This paper presents a systematic procedure for handling the geometrically nonlinear equations, leading to an exact engineers' beam theory solution for rectangular plane frames with linearly elastic material. A procedure for locating the critical load is also discussed.
Pairing and spin gap in the normal state of short coherence length superconductors.

We study the normal state of the 2D attractive Hubbard model using quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We show that singlet pairing correlations develop above ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, and the normal state of a short coherence length superconductor deviates from a canonical Fermi liquid. In the intermediate U regime, the spin susceptibility ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{s}}$ is strongly temperature dependent, and the low-frequency spectral weight, as measured by the NMR relaxation rate 1/${\mathit{T}}_{1}$T, is shown to track ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}_{\mathit{s}}$. This provides a simple, qualitative explanation for the spin-gap behavior observed in several high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ systems.
Correlating burst events on streaming stock market data

We address the problem of monitoring and identification of correlated burst patterns in multi-stream time series databases. We follow a two-step methodology: first we identify the burst sections in our data and subsequently we store them for easy retrieval in an efficient in-memory index. The burst detection scheme imposes a variable threshold on the examined data and takes advantage of the skewed distribution that is typically encountered in many applications. The detected bursts are compacted into burst intervals and stored in an interval index. The index facilitates the identification of correlated bursts by performing very efficient overlap operations on the stored burst regions. We present the merits of the proposed indexing scheme through a thorough analysis of its complexity. We also manifest the real-time response of our burst indexing technique, and demonstrate the usefulness of the approach for correlating surprising volume trading events using historical stock data of the NY stock exchange. While the focus of this work is on financial data, the proposed methods and data-structures can find applications for anomaly or novelty detection in telecommunication, network traffic and medical data.
Fourier Analysis of Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Data of Binary Stars and Application to the Multiple System HD 157948

A Fourier-based method is presented for the analysis of binary and multiple star data taken with the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors (FGSs). Relative astrometry and magnitude differences are obtained as with standard FGS analysis techniques, and although the FGS system is essentially unfiltered, this method also permits the characterization of color differences between components of binary or multiple star systems based on the wavelength dependence of the interference fringes produced by the instrument. Using the multiple system HD 157948, we show that the method produces astrometric and photometric measurements that are consistent with previous FGS analysis for the three components that lie within the field of view of FGS and gives color differences relative to the primary for two of the three known companions. Speckle observations of the system with the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory are also presented, which, in combination with the FGS results and other data available in the literature, permit B - V colors and absolute V magnitudes to be obtained of all four components in the system. Their colors and magnitudes are plotted on the H-R diagram, and a comparison with theoretical isochrones indicates that the results are consistent with theory for a relatively young, somewhat metal-poor system.
Four channel V to F converter with frequency counters

Abstract A high linearity four channel voltage to frequency converter has been developed for general purpose beamline data collection. The full scale frequency output for each channel is 1 or 2 MHz. Inputs are differential and input voltage ranges are independently selectable to various unipolar and bipolar ranges. Each channel is also equipped with a 7 1 2 digit frequency counter with independently selectable gate times. The entire unit is packaged in a single width NIM module.
ESTRADIOL REGULATION OF ALPHA 1B-ADRENOCEPTOR MRNA IN FEMALE RAT HYPOTHALAMUS-PREOPTIC AREA

Estradiol treatment for 48 h increases the density of alpha 1B-adrenoceptors in the hypothalamus-preoptic area of ovariectomized female rats by five- to six-fold. Present studies tested the hypothesis that estradiol elevation of hypothalamus-preoptic area alpha 1B-adrenoceptor density is correlated with increased levels of mRNA for this receptor. We developed a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol for measuring brain alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA. The primers chosen yielded the predicted 409 base pair PCR product when used to amplify authentic alpha 1b-adrenoceptor cDNA. The identity of the RT-PCR products from rat brain was confirmed by restriction digest analysis and sequencing. Moreover, there was a good correlation between the levels of alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA measured by RT-PCR in liver, whole brain and cerebellum with previous measurements using Northern blots and RNAse protection assays. We then performed RT-PCR on total RNA from hypothalamic-preoptic area tissue taken from ovariectomized control rats and from ovariectomized rats injected once or twice with 2 micrograms of estradiol benzoate at 24 or 24 and 48 h before sacrifice. Exposure to estradiol for either 24 or 48 h significantly increased levels of alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA by 86-110% in the hypothalamus-preoptic area of ovariectomized female rats when compared to oil-treated controls. We also examined whether estradiol regulates alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA in the cortex. Cortical alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA levels were reduced to approximately 20% of control levels when measured 24 h after hormone injection. A similar decrease in cortical alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA was observed 48 h after estrogen administration. In summary, estradiol treatment significantly increases the level of alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA in the hypothalamus-preoptic area, a brain region involved in the control of reproductive function. In the cortex, a brain region with relatively few estrogen receptors, the same estrogen treatment reduces alpha 1b-adrenoceptor mRNA levels.
Arctic clouds in multiyear satellite data sets

Cloud amounts from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D-series data set and the TOVS Polar Pathfinder data set are compared to surface observations of cloud amount from the North Polar (NP) drifting station data set for the central Arctic. The results show that cloud observations in the ISCCP data set differ significantly from surface observations and the annual cycle of cloudiness in the Arctic is reversed from what is observed from the surface. In contrast, cloud amounts provided by the TOVS Polar Pathfinder data set represent the annual cycle of cloudiness well. Path-P cloud retrievals also correspond well with surface observations (NP) at timescales greater than 4 days.
Computer-assisted Therapy in Psychiatry: Be Brave—It’s a New World

The capacity to deliver some forms of behavioral treatment via computers may prove to be a small revolution in the delivery of mental health care. Although early research on the efficacy of these approaches has yielded mixed results, this new strategy offers tremendous potential to provide empirically supported therapies to many individuals who would never access psychiatric care, to extend the time and expertise of clinicians, and to offer improved care and monitoring. However, the great promise of computer-assisted therapies may be diminished if their benefits are overstated or if they are broadly released or disseminated before being carefully evaluated using the same methodologic standards that are requirements for evaluating clinician-delivered therapies. In this article, we review the current status of empiric support for computer-assisted therapies, advocating for enhanced rigor to identify those that are most effective, as well as the need to more thoroughly assess possible adverse effects, recognizing that even a modestly effective computer-assisted intervention could have enormous impact.
Study of dielectric properties of laser processed BaTiO3 thin films on Si(100) with TiN buffer layer

High quality BaTiO3 thin films on Si(100) substrates with TiN buffer layer were fabricated successfully by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The high chemical stability and diffusion barrier properties of TiN were expected to prevent a reaction and interdiffusion between the BaTiO3 and Si(100). A KrF excimer laser (λ=248 nm) was used to ablate both the TiN and BaTiO3 targets. The depositions were carried out both in high vacuum (≤10−6 Torr) and oxygen ambient at different temperatures. The film deposited at 600°C under 100 mTorr oxygen atmosphere showed lower dielectric losses of 0.3% and DC leakage current of 0.06 μA than those deposited under high vacuum. Dielectric properties studies indicated a dielectric constant of 223 at capacitance density of 56 nF/mm2.
Infectious mononucleosis of the central nervous system with bilateral papilledema.

Summary The literature pertaining to central nervous system complications in infectious mononucleosis is briefly reviewed. Serous meningitis occurs moderately frequently and will be manifested by nuchal rigidity, headache, and pleocytosis of the spinal fluid, which symptoms and signs may occur as an isolated finding or in varying combinations. Cases of encephalitis and encephalomyelitis due to infectious mononucleosis in which there is nervous tissue damage with or without associated meningeal disease are not uncommon. Papilledema, probably primary optic neuritis, complicating infectious mononucleosis with or without serous meningitis or encephalomyelitis has been described. A detailed report is given of a case of infectious mononucleosis complicated by serous meningitis, encephalomyelitis, and papilledema.
Detecting business cycle asymmetries using artificial neural networks and time series models

This study examines possible existence of business cycle asymmetries in Canada, France, Japan, UK, and USA real GDP growth rates using neural networks nonlinearity tests and tests based on a number of nonlinear time series models. These tests are constructed using in-sample forecasts from artificial neural networks (ANN) as well as time series models.Our study results based on neural network tests show that there is statistically significant evidence of business cycle asymmetries in these industrialized countries. Similarly, our study results based on a number of time series models also show that business cycle asymmetries do prevail in these countries. So we are not able to evaluate the impact of monetary policy or any other shocks on GDP in any of these countries based on linear models.
Recognition System Design Using Active Sensing and Active Computations Based on Sequences of Approximate Data Models

Progress in object and pattern recognition is based on progress in underlying theory from imaging science, computer vision, statistical signal processing, computational learning theory, and information theory. Information theory can be used both to bound the performance achievable in recognition systems subject to complexity constraints and to motivate system design. Many recognition systems are dynamic and must evolve or adapt to optimize performance subject to system constraints. Based on data collected and results of computations performed at any given time, dynamic resource allocation is a sequence of decisions on continuation or refinement of computational searches, redeployment of sensing resources, or halting. A common metric is the log-likelihood ratio. Any point in a computation involving a fixed quantity of data may be viewed as defining an approximate data model with a corresponding log-likelihood function. Any further computations or data collections yield alternative, refined models. The expected increase in the log-likelihood function equals the relative entropy between the refined approximate model and the current approximate model. Bounds on this relative entropy may be used in design criteria for dynamic resource allocation.
One-pot synthesis of hollow superparamagnetic CoPt nanospheres.

Hollow metal nanospheres are of interest for a variety of academic and technological applications, including drug delivery, catalysis, plasmonics, and lightweight structural composites. Despite recent advances in synthesizing metal nanostructures with controlled morphologies, there are very few reports of hollow bimetallic nanospheres, although such systems promise to offer advantages over single-metal systems. Here, were report a one-pot synthetic strategy for accessing hollow CoPt nanospheres with a Co−Pt alloy structure. The approach utilizes an in situ Co template and exploits galvanic displacement reactions to selectively dissolve the Co core while depositing a Pt shell. The combination of reducing conditions and a polymer stabilizer appears to allow the Co and Pt to co-reduce and form a Co−Pt fcc alloy phase with a morphology that is templated by the sacrificial Co core. The hollow CoPt nanospheres, which show magnetic hysteresis at low temperatures, are thermally stable up to 300 °C. The approach, ...
Affinity Purification and Partial Characterization of the Zonulin/Zonula Occludens Toxin (Zot) Receptor from Human Brain

The intercellular tight junctions (TJs) of endothelial cells represent the limiting structure for the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although the BBB has been recognized as being the interface between the bloodstream and the brain, little is known about its regulation. Zonulin and its prokaryotic analogue, zonula occludens toxin (Zot) elaborated by Vibrio cholerae, both modulate intercellular TJs by binding to a specific surface receptor with subsequent activation of an intracellular signaling pathway involving phospholipase C and protein kinase C activation and actin polymerization. Affinity column purification revealed that human brain plasma membrane preparations contain two Zot binding proteins of approximately 55 and approximately 45 kDa. Structural and kinetic studies, including saturation and competitive assays, identified the 55-kDa protein as tubulin, whereas the 45-kDa protein represents the zonulin/Zot receptor. Biochemical characterization provided evidence that this receptor is a glycoprotein containing multiple sialic acid residues. Comparison of the N-terminal sequence of the zonulin/Zot receptor with other protein sequences by BLAST analysis revealed a striking similarity with MRP-8, a 14-kDa member of the S-100 family of calcium binding proteins. The discovery and characterization of this receptor from human brain may significantly contribute to our knowledge on the pathophysiological regulation of the BBB.
Energy-dependent UV light-induced disruption of (-)sulpiride antagonism of dopamine.

Abstract The dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride decreases the spontaneous locomotor activity of Planaria in an enantiomeric-selective and dose-dependent manner. We now report that (−)sulpiride (0.1 μM)-induced decrease of planarian locomotor activity is significantly ( P
Two sample rank tests under a random truncation model

Abstract We consider rank tests for the situation where observations are truncated and the probabilities of truncation depends on the value of the observation. Provided the same, but unknown, truncation function is operating on both populations, we can obtain distribution free rank tests for equality versus a location or scale alternative in the underlying populations. The large sample distributions are derived for these conditional tests and asymptotic relative efficiencies obtained. We apply these methods to the analysis of liver tumor data.
Rydberg wave packets on elliptical orbits

We predict and confirm numerically the existence of localized Rydberg wave packets that travel on classical elliptical trajectories with negligible spreading. These wave packets are supported by a resonant circularly polarized microwave field, and we study them by a semiclassical action-angle representation.
Evidence for the fluxionality and structure in solution of intermediates of the type W(CO)4(L) (L = lewis base)

Abstract Evidence based on amine substitution reactions in W(CO)4(tmpa) (tmpa = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-l,3-diaminopropane) and cis-(C5H10NH)(PPh3)W(CO)4 with PPh3 and 13CO indicates (a) that the square pyramidal [W(CO)4PPh3] intermediate arising from amine dissociation is fluxional, and (b) that the intermediate containing PPh3 in the equatorial plane of the square pyramid is thermodynamically more stable than that containing PPh3 in the axial position.
Power Efficiency and Performance with ORNL's Cray XK7 Titan

This presentation provides some insights into ORNL's Cray XK7 Titan system and its power efficiency and performance.
The Rebirth of Comparative Literature in Anglocalization

Anand Patil examines in his paper, "The Rebirth of Comparative Literature in Anglocalization," the debates on effects of "globalization" on literary studies and "cultures" in India. The focus of his comparative scrutiny follows the debate about the "death" of comparative literature. Patil re-imagines the rebirth of interdisciplinarity, a basic tenet of the discipline of comparative literature and a characteristic of globalization. He has coined the term "Anglocalization" to analyze the complexity of the effects of globalization in the multilingual and multicultural situation of the subcontinent. The term is used to describe a tripartite process: Anglicization by global English, economic liberation, and privatization and localization. These characteristics exhibit the next phase of increased acculturation on the post-colonial subcontinent. Society, as well as humanities scholarship, are divided in two zones: the special economic zones of the privileged few and the rest of India with increasing population of the poor. As a result, generic hybridism exhibits crucial transformations in a formerly static society unevenly modernized on the colonial background. The fear of the death of languages and cultures reigns supreme. This has created an opportunity to revive comparative literature with a firm faith in Indian philosophy of reincarnation and more tolerant interdisciplinarity. Anand Patil, "The Rebirth of Comparative Literature in Anglocalization" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 9.2 (2007):
B Virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1) Glycoprotein D Is Functional but Dispensable for Virus Entry into Macaque and Human Skin Cells

Glycoprotein D (gD) plays an essential role in cell entry of many simplexviruses. B virus (Macacine herpesvirus 1) is closely related to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and encodes gD, which shares more than 70% amino acid similarity with HSV-1 gD. Previously, we have demonstrated that B virus gD polyclonal antibodies were unable to neutralize B virus infectivity on epithelial cell lines, suggesting gD is not required for B virus entry into these cells. In the present study, we confirmed this finding by producing a B virus mutant, BV-ΔgDZ, in which the gD gene was replaced with a lacZ expression cassette. Recombinant plaques were selected on complementing VD60 cells expressing HSV-1 gD. Virions lacking gD were produced in Vero cells infected with BV-ΔgDZ. In contrast to HSV-1, B virus lacking gD was able to infect and form plaques on noncomplementing cell lines, including Vero, HEp-2, LLC-MK2, primary human and macaque dermal fibroblasts, and U373 human glioblastoma cells. The gD-negative BV-ΔgDZ also failed to enter entry-resistant murine B78H1 cells bearing a single gD receptor, human nectin-1, but gained the ability to enter when phenotypically supplemented with HSV-1 gD. Cell attachment and penetration rates, as well as the replication characteristics of BV-ΔgDZ in Vero cells, were almost identical to those of wild-type (wt) B virus. These observations indicate that B virus can utilize gD-independent cell entry and transmission mechanisms, in addition to generally used gD-dependent mechanisms. IMPORTANCE B virus is the only known simplexvirus that causes zoonotic infection, resulting in approximately 80% mortality in untreated humans or in lifelong persistence with the constant threat of reactivation in survivors. Here, we report that B virus lacking the gD envelope glycoprotein infects both human and monkey cells as efficiently as wild-type B virus. These data provide evidence for a novel mechanism(s) utilized by B virus to gain access to target cells. This mechanism is different from those used by its close relatives, HSV-1 and -2, where gD is a pivotal protein in the virus entry process. The possibility remains that unidentified receptors, specific for B virus, permit virus entry into target cells through gD-independent pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of B virus entry may help in developing rational therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of B virus infection in both macaques and humans.
IRAS 14348-1447, an ultraluminous pair of colliding, gas-rich galaxies: The birth of a quasar

Ground-based observations of the object IRAS 14348-1447, which was discovered with the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, show that it is an extremely luminous colliding galaxy system that emits more than 95 percent of its energy at far-infrared wavelengths. IRAS 14348-1447, which is receeding from the sun at 8 percent of the speed of light, has a bolometric luminosity more than 100 times larger than that of our galaxy, and is therefore as luminous as optical quasars. New optical, infrared, and spectroscopic measurements suggest that the dominant luminosity source is a dust-enshrouded quasar. The fuel for the intense activity is an enormous supply of molecular gas. Carbon monoxide emission has been detected at a wavelength of 2.6 millimeters by means of a new, more sensitive receiver recently installed on the 12-meter telescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. IRAS 14348-1447 is the most distant and luminous source of carbon monoxide line emission yet detected. The derived mass of interstellar molecular hydrogen is 6 x 10^(10) solar masses. This value is approximately 20 times that of the molecular gas content of the Milky Way and is similar to the largest masses of atomic hydrogen found in galaxies. A large mass of molecular gas may be a prerequisite for the formation of quasars during strong galactic collisions.
Decreased Inpatient Mortality in Obese Patients with Abdominal Nets.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the abdomen are rare tumors with an incidence of 3.56 per 100,000 in the general population. Obesity is a growing public health problem with varying effects on severity of other disease. We investigated the association between obesity and inpatient morbidity/mortality in patients with abdominal neuroendocrine tumors utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS).Methods: We analyzed data from the NIS database to investigate the association between obesity and abdominal NETs using patient information from 22,096 patient-discharges from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010.Results: We demonstrate that obesity is strongly associated with decreased rates of inpatient mortality in patients with NET (OR = 0.6, multivariate P = 0.02) and that malnutrition is associated with nearly 5-fold higher odds of inpatient mortality (multivariate P < 0.0005). We did not find a statistical interaction between obesity and malnutrition; however, patients who were both malnourished ...
Ischemia in three left ventricular regions: Insights into the pathogenesis of acute ischemic mitral regurgitation ☆ ☆☆ ★

Abstract Background: Acute posterolateral left ventricular ischemia in sheep results in ischemic mitral regurgitation, but the effects of ischemia in other left ventricular regions on ischemic mitral regurgitation is unknown. Methods: Six adult sheep had radiopaque markers placed on the left ventricle, mitral annulus, and anterior and posterior mitral leaflets at the valve center and near the anterior and posterior commissures. After 6 to 8 days, animals were studied with biplane videofluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography before and during sequential balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending, distal left circumflex, and proximal left circumflex coronary arteries. Time of valve closure was defined as the time when the distance between leaflet edge markers reached its minimum plateau, and systolic leaflet edge separation distance was calculated on the basis of left ventricular ejection. Results: Only proximal left circumflex coronary artery occlusion resulted in ischemic mitral regurgitation, which was central and holosystolic. Delayed valve closure (anterior commissure, 58 ± 29 vs 92 ± 24 ms; valve center, 52 ± 26 vs 92 ± 23 ms; posterior commissure, 60 ± 30 vs 94 ± 14 ms; all P P Conclusions: Acute ischemic mitral regurgitation in sheep occurred only after proximal left circumflex coronary artery occlusion along with delayed valve closure in early systole and increased leaflet edge separation throughout ejection in all 3 leaflet coaptation sites. The degree of left ventricular systolic dysfunction induced did not correlate with ischemic mitral regurgitation, but both altered valvular and subvalvular 3-dimensional geometry were necessary to produce ischemic mitral regurgitation during acute left ventricular ischemia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:559-69
Practical SIMD Vectorization Techniques for Intel® Xeon Phi Coprocessors

Intel® Xeon Phi coprocessor is based on the Intel® Many Integrated Core (Intel® MIC) architecture, which is an innovative new processor architecture that combines abundant thread parallelism with long SIMD vector units. Efficiently exploiting SIMD vector units is one of the most important aspects in achieving high performance of the application code running on Intel® Xeon Phi coprocessors. In this paper, we present several practical SIMD vectorization techniques such as less-than-full-vector loop vectorization, Intel® MIC specific alignment optimization, and small matrix transpose/multiplication 2-D vectorization implemented in the Intel® C/C++ and Fortran production compilers for Intel® Xeon Phi coprocessors. A set of workloads from several application domains is employed to conduct the performance study of our SIMD vectorization techniques. The performance results show that we achieved up to 12.5x performance gain on the Intel® Xeon Phi coprocessor.
A Comparison of Spelling Performance Across Young Adults With and Without Dyslexia

In this study, the authors analyzed 2,056 spelling errors produced by 130 young adults (65 with dyslexia, 65 typically achieving), which came from two sources: a standardized spelling test and an impromptu essay-writing task. Students with dyslexia exhibited higher spelling error rates across both tasks. To characterize the inaccurate spelling attempts of both groups, the authors conducted linguistic and item-level analyses. Among unconstrained errors (essay), students with dyslexia had more difficulty than their typically achieving peers with familiar, low-level items (indexed by word frequency and number of syllables). Among constrained errors (spelling dictation), group differences in phonetic plausibility, morphological awareness, and visual accuracy varied by item. These analyses were telling on low-frequency items for which the groups obtained similar (dichotomous) accuracy rates. The authors suggest that diagnosticians and educators employ error analysis to obtain critical information not typically...
Determination of serum and brain concentrations of neuroprotective and non-neuroprotective doses of MK-801

Abstract We developed a sensitive and reliable gas chromatographic (GC) technique for the quantitative analysis of MK-801 in brain and serum and applied the technique to investigate tissue concentrations of neuroprotective and non-neuroprotective doses of MK-801 in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemia. Brain concentrations of MK-801 were a linear function of dose over 4 orders of magnitude. After administration of a neuroprotective dose of MK-801 (29.6 μmol/kg) to control rats, both serum and brain concentrations rose rapidly to ≈ 300 nM and ≈ 2000 nM, respectively, within 30 min. Approximately 60% of serum and 90% of brain MK-801 were bound leaving the free concentrations in both blood and brain at ≈ 100–200 nM. After hypoxic-ischemia, serum MK-801 concentrations were not different from controls but brain concentrations were lowered by 32%. Free brain concentrations of MK-801 after hypoxic-ischemic were 124 nM after 29.6 μmol/kg while after 8.9 μmol/kg (the non-neuroprotective dose) they were 39 nM. In view of the slow kinetics of MK-801 channel blockade, which never reaches equilibrium during the current experiment, this difference in concentration would be expected to result in an 80-fold (or greater) difference in the current flux through NMDA receptor-operated ion-channels as the rate of NMDA receptor-operated ion-channel blockade is concentration dependent. These results suggest that the lower dose of MK-801 may not block the ion-channel quickly or completely enough to prevent a toxic influx of Ca2+, and that the brain concentrations needed for effective post-hoc therapy of neuronal insults may be higher than equilibrium kinetics would indicate.
Photography of shock waves during excimer laser ablation of the cornea. Effect of helium gas on propagation velocity.

Shadow photography of shock waves excited by means of a xenon chloride excimer laser was performed to determine the shock wave propagation velocity in air, nitrogen and helium. Energy densities between 500 and 2,000 mJ/ cm2 were used to ablate a rotating rubber cylindrical target and porcine corneas. In ablating the rubber cylinder, a shock wave velocity of 3.3 km/s was generated in air and nitrogen at 40 ns; this decreased to 1.4 km/s at 320 ns. When helium was blown on the target, the velocity increased by a factor of approximately two, to 5.9 km/s at 40 ns and 2.7 km/s at 320 ns. We suggest that blowing helium on the surface of the cornea during excimer laser ablation may speed the dissipation of high-energy acoustic waves and gaseous particles, and thus reduce the exposure and transfer of heat energy to the surrounding tissue.
Primate social cognition and the origins of language

Are the cognitive mechanisms underlying language unique, or can similar mechanisms be found in other domains? Recent field experiments demonstrate that baboons' knowledge of their companions' social relationships is based on discrete-valued traits (identity, rank, kinship) that are combined to create a representation of social relations that is hierarchically structured, open-ended, rule-governed, and independent of sensory modality. The mechanisms underlying language might have evolved from the social knowledge of our pre-linguistic primate ancestors.
Mechatronics, systems, elements, and technology: a perspective

Mechatronics is introduced and its elements are defined. The topics discussed include descriptions of mechatronic environments, mechatronic systems, and mechatronics products subsystems component technologies; mechatronics systems elements; challenges for US industry; challenges for US academic institutions; and educational initiatives. The term mechatronics systems originated more than ten years ago with the Japanese as a composite word to depict the union of mechanical, computer, and electronic engineering in the design, manufacture, and performance of sophisticated products. Developments in the US and Japan are compared. >
Geographical remote memory and verbal fluency in Alzheimer's disease

It has been previously shown that persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have impaired remote memory for geographical information. In particular, individuals with AD have greater difficulty locating specific (i.e., cities) vis‐a‐vis gross (i.e., states) geographical features on a map. Similarly, it has been found that individuals with AD are disproportionately impaired in producing specific exemplars relative to category labels on category (semantic) verbal fluency tasks. One intent of this study was to replicate the findings concerning remote spatial memory and to determine whether persons with AD also show disproportionate impairment in retrieving specific rather than more global information on geographical verbal fluency (cities and states) tasks. A 2nd purpose of the study was to examine the relation between geographical spatial memory and geographical verbal fluency tasks and to address whether a similar mechanism might underlie impaired performance on these tasks. Our findings indicated that, compare...
The effect of an electrically conductive carbon nanotube/collagen composite on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells

We report the preparation of an electrically conductive composite composed of collagen and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and its use as a substrate for the in vitro growth of PC12 cells. Morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the homogenous dispersion of CNTs in the collagen matrix. Four-point probe and cyclic voltammogram studies demonstrated the enhanced electroactivity and a lowered electrical resistivity of the resulting composites even at low loadings (<5%) of CNTs. Cellular metabolic activity was evaluated by the MTT assay. Cell viability was systematically related to the amount of CNTs embedded in the collagen matrix. SEM and immunofluorescent images have indicated that the morphological features of PC12 cells were dominantly influenced by electrical potential. Greater neurite extension was preferentially induced on the exposure of electrical stimulation by facilitating the differentiation of PC12 cells into neurons indicated by more significant filopodium extension. These electrically conductive, biocompatible CNT/collagen composites could be of benefit for the development of novel neural electrodes, enhancing the growth, differentiation, and branching of neurons in an electrically driven way.
Determination of near and far field acoustics for advanced propeller configurations

A method has been studied for predicting the acoustic field of the SR-3 transonic propfan using flow data generated by two versions of the NASPROP-E computer code. Since the flow fields calculated by the solvers include the shock-wave system of the propeller, the nonlinear quadrupole noise source term is included along with the monopole and dipole noise sources in the calculation of the acoustic near field. Acoustic time histories in the near field are determined by transforming the azimuthal coordinate in the rotating, blade-fixed coordinate system to the time coordinate in a nonrotating coordinate system. Fourier analysis of the pressure time histories is used to obtain the frequency spectra of the near-field noise.
Synaptic loss in cognitively impaired aged rats is ameliorated by chronic human nerve growth factor infusion

In the present study, we assessed the synaptic changes in aged impaired and unimpaired rats, and the effect of exogenous human nerve growth factor administration on behavioral activity and synaptic density. Human nerve growth factor was administered into the rat ventricles with a cannula connected to an osmotic pump in adult, aged impaired and unimpaired rats. Behavioral performance was evaluated in the Morris water maze. Aged impaired rats had an 18 ± 4% decrease in the number of synaptophysin-immunoreactive presynaptic terminals as compared to aged unimpaired rats. After a continuous four-week human nerve growth factor, the aged impaired rats displayed a significant 16 ± 3% increase in the number of synaptophysin-immunoreactive presynaptic terminals in the frontal cortex, as compared to aged impaired rats treated with vehicle. This increase correlated with an improvement in water maze performance (r = −0.74, P < 0.001). Measurements of synaptophysin-immunoreactive presynaptic terminals in other cortical and subcortical regions did not show any statistically significant difference or correlations among the various groups. These results support the possibility that nerve growth factor mediates the induction of other trophic factors which, in turn, might potentially produce a sprouting response of non-cholinergic fibers that ameliorate the cognitive deficits in impaired, aged rats.
Flii Control: Balancing Migration and Adhesion

Wound healing in the skin requires a compromise between adhesion and migration. Both processes include modulation of the cytoskeleton, cell-surface receptors, and receptor ligands., In this issue, Kopecki et al. demonstrate that overexpression of Flii, an actin-remodeling protein, impedes wound healing but inhibits hemidesmosome formation. In contrast, Flii deficiency results in enhanced wound healing while promoting hemidesmosome assembly. We discuss potential mechanisms that could explain how this unique gelsolin family member might regulate both stable keratinocyte adhesion and motility.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gallium-Containing Silsesquioxanes

The reaction of [(c-C6H11)7Si7O9(OH)3] (1a) with GaX3 (X = Cl or I) in the presence of Proton Sponge (C14H18N2) affords [(c-C6H11)7Si7O12GaX]- [C14H18N2·H]+ (2a, R = Cl; 2b, R = I). A single-crysta...
Convergence of the cluster-variation method for a system on a triangular lattice

Abstract The paper studies the convergence of the cluster-variation method to the rigorous result as the cluster size increases. The calculation is done on the phase boundary at T = 0 between the A 2 B-type ordered phase and the disordered phase on a two-dimensional triangular lattice with nearest-neighbor interaction. It is shown that the phase boundary at ( T = 0) is obtained by maximizing the entropy under the constraint that only a limited number of atomic configurations are allowed. Formulations are developed for clusters of n = 3, 5, 7, 9,11, and 13 points. When thermodynamic quantities which are calculated using these clusters are plotted against 1/ n , they approach the known rigorous ( n = ∞) results more or less linearly but with a pseudo-period of δn = 6. An exception is the square of the long-range order, which bends down as 1/ n tends to zero.
Selected percent points for a test for the two-sample problem based on empirical probability measures

Selected percent points are presented for a test for the two-sample problem based on empirical probability measures. The test is illustrated in two examples.
Information Technology Research in the Academy: Insights from Theses and Dissertations

The term "information technology" (IT) became an official classification keyword for ProQuest/UMI's Dissertations & Theses Global database in 2009. To better understand the place of IT research within academia, we analyze the network of keywords used in conjunction with "information technology" from 2009-2014. We identify distinct network clusters of keywords in education, healthcare, communications, and engineering, as well as a surprising number of connections to disparate disciplines such as women's studies, literacy, and international law. The interdisciplinary nature of IT research (as well as computer science and information science, but not computer engineering) was demonstrated by the fact that it co-occurred with 62% of all ProQuest keywords. Additional insights are provided through network visualizations and comparisons with computer science, information science, and computer engineering.