cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuous-time random walk models of DNA electrophoresis in a post array: part II. Mobility and sources of band broadening.

Using the two-state, continuous-time random walk model, we develop expressions for the mobility and the plate height during DNA electrophoresis in an ordered post array that delineate the contributions due to (i) the random distance between collisions and (ii) the random duration of a collision. These contributions are expressed in terms of the means and variances of the underlying stochastic processes, which we evaluate from a large ensemble of Brownian dynamics simulations performed using different electric fields and molecular weights in a hexagonal array of 1 μm posts with a 3 μm center-to-center distance. If we fix the molecular weight, we find that the collision frequency governs the mobility. On the contrary, the average collision duration is the most important factor for predicting the mobility as a function of DNA size at constant Peclet number. The plate height is reasonably well described by a single post rope-over-pulley model, provided that the extension of the molecule is small. Our results only account for dispersion inside the post array and thus represent a theoretical lower bound on the plate height in an actual device.
A Model of Competition in Service Management

In this paper we are concerned with a class of mathematical problems that arise when modeling dynamic competition among conflicting agents may reach a dynamic equilibrium. We call this class of problems differential variational inequalities. We present a numerical method to solve differential variational inequalities, so-called the fixed point algorithm very briefly. We are further interested in the application of models belonging to this class of problems to the study of problems appearing in service management. As an example, we introduce a dynamic pricing model in service providers' competition.
A comparison of 3 antibiotic regimens for prevention of postcesarean endometritis: an historical cohort study

Background Prophylactic antibiotics are of proven value in decreasing the frequency of postcesarean endometritis. The beneficial effect of prophylaxis is enhanced when the antibiotics are administered before the surgical incision as opposed to after the clamping of the umbilical cord. However, the optimal antibiotic regimen for prophylaxis has not been established firmly. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare 3 different antibiotic regimens for the prevention of postcesarean endometritis. Study Design This retrospective historical cohort study was conducted at the University of Florida, which is a tertiary care facility that serves a predominantly indigent patient population. In the period January 2003 to December 2007, our standard prophylactic antibiotic regimen for all women who had cesarean delivery was cefazolin (1 g) administered immediately after the baby's umbilical cord was clamped. In November 2008, we began to administer the combined regimen of cefazolin (1 g intravenously) plus azithromycin (500 mg intravenously); both were given 30-60 minutes before the skin incision. In the period of January-December 2014, we continued the dual agent regimen but based the dose of cefazolin on the patient's body mass index: 2 g intravenously if the body mass index was 2 and 3 g if the body mass index was >30 kg/m 2 . The surgical technique was consistent throughout all 3 time periods. Our primary endpoint was the frequency of endometritis in each time period. This diagnosis was based on fever ≥37.5°C, lower abdominal pain and tenderness, the exclusion of other localizing signs of infection, and the requirement for administration of therapeutic antibiotics. In the first year after beginning the new antibiotic regimen, we also monitored the frequency of neonatal sepsis evaluations and compared it with the frequency that was recorded during the year immediately preceding the change in antibiotic regimens. Results During the entire period 2003-2014, 29,633 women delivered at our institution; 6455 women (22%) had a cesarean delivery. In the period January 2003 to December 2007, 1034 women had a primary or repeat cesarean delivery. One hundred seventy women (16.4%; 95% confidence interval, 14.4–18.4%) developed endometritis. In the period November 2008 to December 2013, 4484 women had a primary or repeat cesarean delivery. Fifty-nine patients (1.3%; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–1.7%) developed endometritis ( P P P > .5 and Conclusions When administered before skin incision, the combination of cefazolin plus azithromycin was significantly more effective in the prevention of endometritis than the administration of cefazolin after cord clamping; the rate of endometritis was reduced to a very low level without increasing the rate of neonatal sepsis evaluations.
Initial experience with the AXERA 2 Femoral Access System in neurovascular procedures

IntroductionConventional cerebral angiography is a commonly performed procedure in medicine. Vascular closure devices have been developed as alternatives to manual compression at the arteriotomy site and prolonged bed rest. The risks of using these devices include arterial dissection, groin hematoma, and device failure. Herein, we describe our experience with the use of a novel device used for arterial access and closure, the AXERA 2 Access System.MethodsA total of 13 patients underwent vascular access and closure with the AXERA 2 Access System.ResultsArterial access using the AXERA 2 Access System was achieved in 11 of 13 patients. Amongst the patients with successful access, one patient experienced a groin hematoma requiring manual compression and two patients suffered occlusions of the common femoral artery due to dissections, with both patients requiring femoral artery thromboendarterectomies.ConclusionsThis small series highlights a heretofore underreported serious complication rate of the AXERA 2 Ac...
A Fixed Hierarchy for Wolof Verbal Affixes

0. Introduction This article examines the valence-changing verbal suffixes of Wolof, a West Atlantic language spoken primarily in Senegal and the Gambia. The challenge is to account for the various attested and ungrammatical suffix orders in forms where two or more suffixes are combined. It will be shown that a straight-forward head movement account is inadequate, if Baker’s (1998) Mirror Principle is assumed. Instead, an analysis using phrasal movement will be argued for without appealing to any head movement. Wolof verbal extensions are taken to have a derivational pattern similar to that of verbal complexes, and to be amenable to a similar analysis as in Koopman and Szabolcsi (2000). The idea behind this article is taken from an analysis sketched out in a Koopman (2004), which itself is a response to Buell and Sy (2004).
Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations in Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites: The San Antonio Heart Study

There is considerable evidence that lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a strong independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. Based on their risk factor profile, Mexican Americans have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, yet Mexican Americans have coronary heart disease mortality similar to or lower than that of non-Hispanic whites. The authors therefore attempted to determine whether Mexican Americans had decreased Lp(a) concentrations relative to non-Hispanic whites in the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Lp(a) concentrations (mg/dl) were significantly lower in Mexican Americans (n = 316) than in non-Hispanic whites (n = 242) (men: 10.4 vs. 16.3; women: 11.5 vs. 16.4). In addition, the proportion of persons with Lp(a) concentrations of > or = 30 mg/dl (the threshold at which increased risk of coronary heart disease is believed to occur) was significantly higher in non-Hispanic whites than in Mexican Americans (18.6% vs. 7.6%; Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (adjusted for sex) = 2.79). Age, obesity, body fat distribution, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and glucose and insulin concentrations were not significantly related to Lp(a) levels. Decreased Lp(a) concentrations may account in part for Mexican Americans' relative protection from coronary heart disease mortality.
The Challenge of Computerizing Building Codes in a BIM Environment

Computerization of building codes and standards in connection with Building Information Modeling (BIM) represents a real challenge for the AEC industry. On one hand, building rules and regulations are written by professionals to be read and applied by people since the reasoning and interpretation ability of the human brain is unlike anything implemented in computer systems. On the other hand, a smart phone app can outperform any engineer on solving a set of linear equations. However, many tasks that are easy for engineers or human in general are surprisingly difficult for computers. Examples include interpretation and expression of code and standard provisions that are characterized by subjective and descriptive rules. The perceptual abilities of engineers certainly surpass the fastest supercomputers. This gave motivation to many researches investing the efforts in creating computable representation of the building codes and standards and their link to Building Information Modeling (BIM). This paper provides critical review of the development of computable building codes rules that can be implemented into BIM-based automated rule-checking systems. It also addresses the complexity of these knowledge systems, the problems they pose for engineers and designers, and the methods for managing and advancing them.
Science and Applications Based on Laser Control

Results from a systematic research on shaped-pulse fragmentation of isolated molecules will be presented. Interestingly, a single control parameter can cause order of magnitude changes, and guide us in predicting molecular fragmentation patterns.
Excessive exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields may cause the development of electrohypersensitivity.

ubiquitous presence of cell phones, cell towers, WiFi, smart meters, radio and television transmission towers, and other forms of RF radiation. Questions about the existence of EHS go back to the days of the Cold War and differing concepts related to the effects of RF radiation. In most Western countries, it has been assumed that there are no biological effects of EMFs other than those mediated via tissue heating. In contrast, in Soviet countries, there were many early reports of behavioral effects occurring at much lower intensities than those that cause tissue heating. The symptoms reported included headache, fatigue, difficulty in concentration, depression, emotional instability, and irritability (reviewed by Silverman 6 ). Soviet exposure standards were much more stringent than those in Western countries. Although the reported effects and low exposure standards were discounted by most Western scientists, some researchers such as Frey 7 — as early as 1965—concluded from his own and other studies that there were nonthermal effects, particularly on nervous tissue and heart muscle, that could be observed at very low intensities. Important factors were peak power density, carrier frequency, and modulation. 8
Archaeological Research at the Lowland Maya City of Rio Azul

Five seasons of archaeological fieldwork at the Maya lowland site of Rio Azul are summarized. The site is an urban center located on the Rio Azul. The locality was occupied from at least 900 B.C. to ca. A.D. 800. Farming villages gave way ca. 150 B.C. to communities that built large platforms, and the urban center was established about A.D. 200. Rio Azul apparently was conquered by Tikal ca. A.D. 380 and became a frontier city and commercial center. Strong influence from Teotihuacan is indicated. A hiatus in the sixth century A.D. evidently represents a period of civil wars. Rio Azul was reoccupied and then overrun again in the ninth century by northern Maya groups. Once more reoccupied, it was finally abandoned ca. A.D. 880. Evidence for ancient cultural institutions also is summarized.
The Growing Importance of the Small-Town Store

More than 60 million people resided in rural areas in 1950, an increase of over 5 million since 1940.1 Small-town retailers operated approximately one third of the nation's retail establishments in 1939 and 1948. In the latter year, they reported a volume of more than $24 billion -an increase of $17 billion over 1939. Between these two censuses of business years, their share of the retail trade-for the entire nation-increased. Sales by country merchants grew faster than they did for retailers in urban areas. These trends occurred in spite of the fact that there was a decline of 3 per cent in the number of small-town retailers. These
The Origins of the Open-Shop Movement, 1919–1920

IN the decade following World War I the relationship between employees and employers ran a gamut from complete employer domination to collective ownership by the workers. Between these extremes were found "welfare capitalism," employee representation, union negotiation, union domination, and combinations of these. While unionism and the more radical employee-orientated programs failed to expand (and even declined in influence), employer-inspired ideas continued, in a nineteenthcentury tradition, to dominate. Of these many concepts one gained the widest acceptance and broadest support-that of the open shop. Like every other equivocal term which has a variety of connotations, the meaning of "open shop" is dependent upon the time and circumstance of its use. In principle, advocates held that the term open shop meant a place of employment where the employer was not to discriminate against a worker because that person was or was not a union member; in practice, they did not recognize the trade unions. More than militantly antiunion, the open shop was a symbol of the employers' total concept of industrial relations, and its supporters incorporated into their scheme many of the ideas that academicians and their own colleagues suggested concerning employee relations. The open-shop concept was not a new one, for manifestations of it existed even in the nineteenth century. In 1902 several local employer groups adopted it as the basis for an antiunion drive, which developed into a short-lived movement led by a national federation of local groups and by several national trade and employer organizations. Initially it succeeded in checking the growth of unionism, but because of the rise of political Progressivism the campaign weakened.1 Interest in and adherence
Pericardial fat volume and incident atrial fibrillation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Jackson Heart Study.

Objective To determine whether greater pericardial fat volume would be associated with increased risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Jackson Heart Study, pericardial fat volume was quantified by computed tomography. Incident AF was identified from discharge diagnosis codes, study electrocardiograms, and Medicare claims. Results Among 7,991 participants, 40% were African American, 32% white, 18% Hispanic, and 10% Chinese American; mean age was 62 years; 55% were women. During an average of 10.0 years of follow-up in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and 4.5 years in the Jackson Heart Study, 756 incident AF cases were identified. After adjustment for age, sex, study, race/ethnicity, height, glucose status, systolic blood pressure, treated hypertension, and BMI, greater pericardial fat volume was associated with higher AF risk in Hispanics (hazard ratio 1.24 per SD, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.46) but not overall (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.15). In mediation analysis, pericardial fat volume partially mediated the association of BMI with incident AF in Hispanics. Conclusions After adjustment for BMI, greater pericardial fat volume was associated with incident AF in Hispanics but not overall. Additional research is needed on the mechanisms by which pericardial fat volume is related to increased AF risk and possible differences by race/ethnicity.
Urban Adolescents’ Physical Activity Experience, Physical Activity Levels, and Use of Screen-Based Media during Leisure Time: A Structural Model

There is limited understanding of the relationship between physical activity and use of screen-based media, two important behaviors associated with adolescents' health outcomes. To understand this relationship, researchers may need to consider not only physical activity level but also physical activity experience (i.e., affective experience obtained from doing physical activity). Using a sample predominantly consisting of African and Latino American urban adolescents, this study examined the interrelationships between physical activity experience, physical activity level, and use of screen-based media during leisure time. Data collected using self-report, paper and pencil surveys was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results showed that physical activity experience was positively associated with physical activity level and had a direct negative relationship with use of non-active video games for males and a direct negative relationship with use of computer/Internet for both genders, after controlling for physical activity level. Physical activity level did not have a direct relationship with use of non-active video games or computer/Internet. However, physical activity level had a direct negative association with use of TV/movies. This study suggests that physical activity experience may play an important role in promoting physical activity and thwarting use of screen-based media among adolescents.
Boundaries and hybrid blends: How one multilingual narrator displays symbolic competence in a college writing class

Abstract Literacy scholars and second language researchers have identified ELL writers' border crossing experiences as prime sites of critical literacy, observing multilingual speakers' increased ability to manipulate and inflect language with cross-cultural connotations, including metaphorical blending. Most second language researchers who look at ELL's metaphor production focus on language fluency, rather than symbolic competence. This case study compares one Vietnamese-American writer's unconscious application of conceptual metaphor with her consciously chosen metaphorical blend. This analysis finds that Violet displayed symbolic competence when unconsciously modifying source and target domains of conceptual metaphors as well as when consciously crafting her own metaphoric blend. The difference is that, despite Violet's symbolic competence, the conventional conceptual metaphors are more restrictive than her creative metaphoric blend. Violet's creative hybrid space allows her to imagine reconciliation and potential combinations of selected values rather than wholesale subscriptions to cultural norms.
ABFR: convenient management of latent error resilience using application knowledge

Exascale systems face high error-rates due to increasing scale (109 cores), software complexity and rising memory error rates. Increasingly, errors escape immediate hardware-level detection, silently corrupting application states. Such latent errors can often be detected by application-level tests but typically at long latencies.We propose a new approach called application-based focused recovery (ABFR), that defines the application knowledge needed for efficient latent error recovery. This allows the application to pursue strategies exploiting a range of application semantics within a well-defined resilience framework. The ABFR runtime then exploits this knowledge to achieve efficient latent error tolerance. ABFR enables application designers to express resilience without concern for the underlying architectures and systems. Together, these ABFR properties support flexible application-based resilience. To demonstrate its generality, we apply ABFR to three varied scientific computations (stencil, N-Body tree, and Monte Carlo). We measure latent error resilience performance for varied error rates; results indicate significant reductions in error recovery cost (up to 367x) and recovery latency (up to 24x). And ABFR achieves efficient and scalable recovery at scale with high latent error rates for these computations.
The Insulin Story (1922–1925)

It is not clear when Marie was first diagnosed with diabetes. She was so determined to keep her illness a secret that no letters or records mentioning her condition exist. I myself only learned about it in 1945, two years after her death.1 Undoubtedly, as an excellent physician, Marie knew what was wrong early on. Her weight loss, thirst, and frequent urination told the story. Most likely she tested and found sugar in her urine. In those days, before insulin, the prognosis for diabetics was grim. The “adult-onset” diabetes, which Marie had, may develop gradually over many years, but Marie’s case was severe and she could expect a continuous worsening resulting in cataracts, blindness, infections, gangrene, and eventually death.
Protein Routing Processes in the Thylakoid

Thylakoids are complex sub-organellar membrane systems whose role in photosynthesis makes them critical to life. To function properly, thylakoids require the coordinated incorporation of both nuclear- and plastid-encoded proteins allowing rapid response to changing environmental conditions. Protein trafficking to thylakoids is complex; the processes occurring in thylakoids result in an exceptionally protein-dense membrane in which some proteins experience rapid turn-over. Protein transport in thylakoids is accomplished via an intriguing mix of conserved ancestral translocases with novel adaptations to a sub-organellar location. This chapter describes the four known transport pathways into the thylakoid membrane and the thylakoid lumen, namely the chloroplast general secretory system (cpSec), signal recognition particle (cpSRP), twin arginine transport (cpTat), and spontaneous insertion pathways as well as a potential secondary Sec system proposed to be in the inner chloroplast envelope. An overview is provided of known aspects of translocase components, energy requirements, and mechanisms with a focus on recent discoveries. Some of the most exciting new studies have been in determining the structure and binding features of the translocase components and substrate proteins. This chapter highlights the connection between structural and biochemical data and how these complementary avenues of study allow for a more detailed understanding and confirmation of mechanistic models and a means to imagine new areas of pursuit. The cpTat system is of particular interest because it transports folded protein domains using only the proton motive force for energy. Recent structural data has contributed to rapid progress in studying the individual cpTat components by translating their structural features into mechanistic functions.
Sentinel lymph node mapping for gastric adenocarcinoma.

The optimal extent of regional lymphadenectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma remains a controversial topic. Traditional approaches have focused on various anatomical nodal stations to define the extent of resection. In this prospective trial, we update our experience with sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and biopsy to augment resection of nodal metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Twenty-seven patients with gastric cancer were enrolled. SLNs were identified with isosulfan blue, resected, and sent fresh to pathology for staining and evaluation. The procedure then continued with radical gastrectomy and celiac node dissection. SLNs were identified in all cases. The average patient age was 65 years, with 12 women and 15 men. Eighteen patients had pathology-confirmed nodal metastasis. Positive SLN were found in 15 (83%); three patients had a false negative SLN mapping procedure (17%). Accuracy rate was 88.9 per cent. SLN mapping and biopsy for gastric carcinoma is feasible. However, the negative predictive value is 75 per cent, and therefore caution should be considered in using lymphatic mapping to determine extent of regional lymphadenectomy. Additionally, our study shows no utility in identifying micro-metastatic disease with immunohistochemical techniques. Although a promising modality, we do not recommend the clinical use of SLN mapping for gastric cancer.
Media Effects on Children

The twentieth century brought with it the dawn of electronically based media that became integrated into children's daily lives. Children's media environments include information delivered by traditional print sources such as comic books, by mass broadcast systems such as television, film, and radio, by audio and video cassette recorders, and by the more recent digital interactive computer-based technologies such as video games, desktop computers, CD-ROM, the Internet, and virtual reality. Although a shift took place from technologies that delivered information to a mass audience to those that were increasingly responsive to the individual, broadcast television was the dominant and most influential medium used by children in the twentieth century. Across media, themes about morality, stereotypes, education, and children's use of their free time recurred as public interest groups attempted to protect and to improve children's media environments. These same themes will continue to guide research and policy initiatives in the twenty-first century as multimedia systems converge and merge, making the digital age one in which children will be able to interact with content on their television screens or watch television programs and movies on their computers.
State-Space Descriptions

Although the history of linear system theory can be traced back to the last century, the so-called state-space approach was not available till the early 1960s. An important feature of this approach over the traditional frequency domain considerations is that both time-varying and time-invariant linear or nonlinear systems can be treated systematically. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the state-space concept.
Abstract 4927: Plasma and CNS pharmacokinetics of the CHK-1 inhibitor prexasertib (LY-2606368) in mice bearing orthotopic group 3 medulloblastoma

Many children with brain tumors have limited treatment options and poor long-term survival. A key protein kinase involved in activating and maintaining the S and G2/M checkpoints is CHK1, which when inhibited in the absence of p53 leads to loss of DNA damage checkpoints and can enhance the activity of many DNA-damaging agents. Prexasertib (LY-2606368), a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of CHK1 protein kinase activity in vitro (IC 50 u,u ) is typically computed as a surrogate to measure CNS penetration. To facilitate the prospective determination of preclinical CNS Kp u,u values, we evaluated the plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) disposition of prexasertib in a murine model of medulloblastoma. A plasma PK study was performed using CD1 nude mice orthotopically implanted with group 3 medulloblastoma to obtain initial prexasertib PK parameters. Tumor growth was assessed by bioluminescence imaging (D-Luciferin) and mice were enrolled in the study once tumors reached 1x10 ~8-9 photons/second. Prexasertib mesylate monohydrate was reconstituted in 20% Captisol and administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 10 mg/kg (free base). A population based study design was used in which 3 samples per mouse were obtained. Plasma samples were prepared using a liquid-liquid extraction technique, and analyzed for prexasertib using a validated LC-MS/MS method (LLOQ = 0.2 µg/L). A two-compartment PK model was fit to the prexasertib concentration-time data using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM 7.3, ICON Development Solutions). Plasma PK parameters from this model were used with the D-optimality criterion as implemented in ADAPT (D9Argenio, 1981) to derive a limited sampling model (LSM) for use in upcoming cerebral microdialysis studies. The results of our plasma PK studies showed a C max , terminal half-life, and AUC in CD1 nude mice bearing group 3 medulloblastoma of 1015 µg/L, 4.5 hours, and 1773 µg*hr/L, respectively. The LSM for plasma PK that will be used in the cerebral microdialysis studies include the time points of 0.25, 6.6, and 24 hours. Now that the plasma PK and a LSM are defined, we are poised to begin cerebral microdialysis studies in CD1 nude mice bearing group 3 medulloblastoma. Citation Format: Anil Maharaj, Abigail Davis, Bo Zhong, Martine F. Roussel, Clinton F. Stewart. Plasma and CNS pharmacokinetics of the CHK-1 inhibitor prexasertib (LY-2606368) in mice bearing orthotopic group 3 medulloblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4927.
Determination concentration of interleukin-1 in patients with keratitis caused by bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pharmaceutical treatment in Al-Diwaniya City, Iraq

The study included the collection of 150 samples, 110 samples of them were keratitis and 42 samples were wounds.42 isolates were obtained and diagnosed as P. aeruginosa 28 isolates (%25.45) from keratitis and 12 isolates (%28.57) from wound swabs. Biochemical tests diagnosed all bacterial isolates. The study also included the collection of 42 serum samples from patients infected with keratitis and wound 40 samples from healthy persons as a control group) the concentration of IL-1 in the control samples was 14.534pg/ml while it increased significantly in the experimental group to reach 28.424pg/ml.
Social Justice and Social Work: Rediscovering a Core Value of the Profession

Michael Austin’s edition of Social Justice and Social Work: Rediscovering a Core Value of the Profession is a broad and helpful survey of how the social work field has approached social justice. Th...
SAT0065 Chondrocytes under pathological conditions preferentially degrades selected trnas to inhibit protein synthesis

Background Oxidative and ER stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). These stress conditions can induce the cleavage of transfer RNA (tRNA) via angiogenin. This cleavage at the anticodon loop of the tRNA produces 5’-tRNA and 3’-tRNA halves known as tiRNAs. Objectives We aim to identify specific tRNA to tiRNA isotype fragments that occur during oxidative or ER stress in human OA chondrocytes. Methods Primary human articular chondrocytes were enzymatically isolated from OA cartilage. Cells were cultured in vitro for 72 hour and then treated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) over a 12 hour time course or with Interleukin-1b (IL1b) over a 24 hour time course. RNA was collected for mRNA expression analysis (qRT-PCR). Protein was harvested for western blot analysis. A tRF and tiRNA PCR Array that profiles 55 known tiRNAs was used to perform an unbiased dissection of the formation of tiRNAs in OA chondrocytes. Total RNA was adapted using a First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit designed to create cDNA libraries from small RNAs for qPCR detection to identify ten novel tiRNAs associated with cell stress in OA chondrocytes. Results Using qRT-PCR RNase gene expression was measured. Of these RNases 250 µM TBHP treatment at 12 hour induced KIAA0430 (p Conclusions The expression of several RNases was increased in a time dependent manner in stressed OA chondrocytes and may be involved in the cleaveage of tiRNA fragments. tiRNA halves were grouped together based on their parent tRNA amino acid target. We hypothesised that an increase in fold change in these grouped tiRNAs may result in less production of proteins that contain a high percentage of that specific amino acid. These changes in amino acid distribution may account for decreases seen in amino acid rich proteins such as Type II collagen (a glycine rich protein) in stressed chondrocytes. By designing tiRNA and parent tRNA primers we will discover if tiRNA formation effects total levels of parent tRNAs. The outcomes from this research will provide us with an increased understanding of tRNA to tiRNA formation in human chondrocytes and may allow us to identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of OA and provide insights into novel stress signalling pathways. Acknowledgements This work was supported by funds from the Northeast Ohio Medical University to TMH. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Programmatic research and the case for designing and publishing from rich, multifaceted datasets: Issues and recommendations

Abstract Researchers are confronted with uncertain expectations and demands regarding their potential reliance on rich, multifaceted datasets. In particular, generating multiple papers from such datasets requires careful navigation of the publication process, as this practice is concurrently incentivized and fraught with potentially unanticipated risks. The current essay outlines several issues facing researchers seeking to generate multiple publications from common datasets, with emphasis on identifying the challenges associated with and the concurrent need for relying on such datasets when conducting programmatic research. Expectations and guidelines for editors, reviewers, and authors are offered.
Prophylactic Snare Tip Soft Coagulation and Its Impact on Adenoma Recurrence After Colonic Endoscopic Mucosal Resection.

Up to 20% of patients can have recurrence of adenomatous tissue at first surveillance study after colon endoscopic mucosal resection of large polyps. To determine whether an educational intervention discussing thermal ablation of lateral margins of the mucosectomy site of post-endoscopic mucosal resection defect with snare tip soft coagulation (STSC) would decrease adenoma recurrence. We performed a single-center quality improvement project from November 1, 2016, to November 30, 2017. Gastroenterologists underwent an educational intervention demonstrating the treatment of peripheral margins of mucosectomy site with STSC after standard mucosectomy technique. These cases (intervention group) were compared with consecutive procedures performed prior to commencement of the quality improvement study (pre-intervention group). Patients with large colorectal lesions (≥ 20 mm) were included. Of the 120 patients here included, overall demographics of the groups were similar and the most common histology was sessile serrated adenoma (study group 45% vs 32% control group). Adenoma recurrence on intervention group and pre-intervention group was 12% versus 30%; p = 0.01. On univariate analysis, biopsy prior to mucosectomy, intraprocedural bleeding, and application of STSC on mucosectomy defect were the strongest predictors of adenoma recurrence. Adenoma recurrence in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the pre-intervention group in both univariate (odds ratio, 0.3 [95% CI, 0.11–0.80]) and multivariate analyses (odds ratio, 0.2 [95% CI, 0.12–0.92]). The implementation of STSC of post-endoscopic mucosal resection peripheral defects is clinically feasible and significantly decreased adenoma recurrence.
Risk Factors for Bed Bugs Among Urban Emergency Department Patients.

Bed bugs are a significant and under-studied public health nuisance. We surveyed 706 emergency department patients and found bed bug infestations were more likely (p 0.05) for infestation. Individuals with less education and income were more likely (p < 0.05) to have bed bugs and express concern about getting bed bugs. Younger persons were more likely to correctly identify a picture of a bed bug compared to those over the age of 60 years (p < 0.001).
Designing Computational Thinking and Coding Badges for Early Childhood Educators.

This design case documents the creation of open educational resources for preservice and inservice teachers at Brigham Young University (BYU). The purpose of this interdisciplinary project was to design and develop training, assessments and credentials to help the learners become competent in teaching computational thinking (CT) and coding in developmentally appropriate ways for their students. In accordance with the needs and desires of the stakeholders, the assessments for the project took the form of open badges, and the training consisted of corresponding tutorials to assist individuals earning those badges. The badges, tutorials and some related resources were compiled into the Tech with Kids website (https://iptedtec.wixsite.com/techwithkids) in order to make them accessible for all target learners. Evaluation data suggests, among other findings, that most learners were able to successfully complete badge requirements; that the intervention was effective at helping students improve their understanding of CT; that learners generally perceived the materials as effective; and that the intervention may be implemented in a variety of ways.
Role of leukotriene B4 in infant bronchiolitis

Objective To investigate the role of leukotriene B4 in infant bronchiolitis. Methods Adopting the design plan of balanced set, 50 clinical cases according with internalized standard were the experimental group ,50 infants of healthy physical examination were the control group. Experimental group adopting own control, concentration of Serum leukotriene B4 in pre-therapy and post-treatment were measured by ELISA respectively and were contrasted with that of the control group. Results Concentration of Serum leukotriene B4 in experimental group in pre-therapy were obviously higher than that in post-treatment, they were obviously higher than that of the control group. Conclusion Leukotriene B4 is one of mediators of inflammation in infant bronchiolitis. Key words: Leukotriene B4; Bronchiolitis; Infants
Setting Up Your OR Suite

Of course, it is expected that you will perform a proper scrubbing of your hands and arms. Depending on your ASC’s protocols, there will be water and brush scrubs or perhaps alcohol-based scrubs. For the first scrub of the day, we suggest a full water/soap-based scrubbing of hands and arms with under-nail cleaning usually supplied to the ASC in self-contained scrub systems with sponge, liquid soap/antiseptic. Subsequent scrubs using waterless alcohol-based systems have become popular and seem to be adequate for asepsis. Follow the manufacturer’s directions.
Unpacking Unboxing Video-Viewing Motivations: The Uses and Gratifications Perspective and the Mediating Role of Parasocial Interaction on Purchase Intent

Drawing on the uses and gratifications (U&G) perspective, this study examines consumers’ YouTube unboxing video-viewing motivations and their influence on purchase intent. The results of a survey o...
Villa-Lobos Vindicated (At Last): A Pan-American Prescription

This is an author's revision, with a single word substitution (in paragraph 1) from the file previously sent.
Tbx5a and Tbx5b paralogues act in combination to control separate vectors of migration in the fin field of zebrafish.

Abstract The T-box containing family member, TBX5, has been shown to play important functional roles in the pectoral appendages of a variety of vertebrate species. While a single TBX5 gene exists in all tetrapods studied to date, the zebrafish genome retains two paralogues, designated as tbx5a and tbx5b, resulting from a whole genome duplication in the teleost lineage. Zebrafish deficient in tbx5a lack pectoral fin buds, whereas zebrafish deficient in tbx5b exhibit misshapen pectoral fins, showing that both paralogues function in fin development. The mesenchymal cells of the limb/fin bud are derived from the Lateral Plate Mesoderm (LPM). Previous fate mapping work in zebrafish has shown that wildtype (wt) fin field cells are initially located adjacent to somites (s)1–4. The wt fin field cells migrate in opposing diagonal directions placing the limb bud between s2-3 and lateral to the main body. To better characterize tbx5 paralogue functions in zebrafish, time-lapse analyses of the migrations of fin bud precursors under conditions of tbx5a knock-down, tbx5b knock-down and double-knock-down were performed. Our data suggest that zebrafish tbx5a and tbx5b have functionally separated migration direction vectors, that when combined recapitulate the migration of the wt fin field. We and others have shown that loss of Tbx5a function abolishes an fgf24 signaling cue resulting in fin field cells failing to converge in an Antero-Posterior (AP) direction and migrating only in a mediolateral (ML) direction. We show here that loss of Tbx5b function affects initial ML directed movements so that fin field cells fail to migrate laterally but continue to converge along the AP axis. Furthermore, fin field cells in the double Tbx5a/Tbx5b knock-down zebrafish do not engage in directed migrations along either the ML or AP axis. Therefore, these two paralogues may be acting to instruct separate vectors of fin field migration in order to direct proper fin bud formation.
Spatial distribution of the value added from seafood exports: A domestic value chain analysis for Korea

Abstract Production sharing (fragmentation) may occur to a much larger extent at the sub-national level than at the global level due to geographic proximity of firms engaging in trade among sub-national regions within a country. Yet, studies decomposing trade flows among sub-national regions within a country are rare, especially those decomposing the exports of natural resource products. This study decomposes the gross domestic exports of seafood by each of eight regions in the Republic of Korea (ROK), and examines (i) how much value added is created from a region’s seafood exports, (ii) how it is distributed among different regions along the domestic value chains (DVCs), and (iii) how its spatial distribution changes over time. Tracing the value added along the DVCs for the inter-regional exports of raw and processed fish, this study finds, among other things, that some regions earn an enormous amount of value added through their active participation in the DVCs although they produce and export a very small quantity of seafood, and therefore do not earn much value added from their seafood exports.
Postmenopausal Carcinoma as a Result of Estrogen Treatment: Survey of Evidence

Recent studies concerning the relationship of exogenous estrogens and endometrial cancer have been reviewed and the objections to their conclusions discussed. Even considering the most serious of these reservations, it is difficult to avoid the tentative conclusion that estrogens are causally linked to endometrial cancer and that the attributable risk is numerically sizable. Whether the medical costs will be ultimately shown to outweigh the benefits of estrogen replacement therapy will depend largely on whether or not a relationship to breast cancer is shown and on the magnitude of the effect of estrogens in preventing serious complications of ovarian failure. For the time being, treatment of menopausal symptoms with estrogens should be brief as possible, should use the lowest dose possible, and should probably be given in cyclic fashion, particularly to women with intact uteruses. Every attempt should be made to give patients a quantitative understanding of both potential risks and benefits before they decide in favor of or against estrogen therapy.
A Participatory Classroom Demonstration: Student Demand for 'Going to the Movies'

With the trend toward teaching introductory undergraduate economics classes as part of a College's general education requirements, classroom experiments are one way of engaging students in applying economic principles, apart from traditional lecture based methods. This paper describes a participatory classroom demonstration where students are taught the Law of Demand and at the same time given a review of the mathematical linear functional form. The demonstration can also be used to teach fundamental spreadsheet skills including simple linear regression. The author has been conducting this demonstration for a number of years and as such has gathered data from a number of classes. The growing dataset allows for a comparison between any given class of students weekly demand for 'going to the movies', and a larger college sample.
Tools for representing problems and the knowledge required to solve them

In this chapter, I have shown that problem solving depend on how the problem is represented to the learners. That representation affects, to some degree, they ways that problem solvers represent problem mentally. A more efficacious way of affecting those internal mental representation is to provide students with a variety of knowledge representation tools, such as concept maps, expert systems, and systems dynamics tools, to represent the problem space, that is, their mental representation of the problem and the domain knowledge required to solve it.
A Model-based approach for microvasculature structure distortion correction in two-photon fluorescence microscopy images.

Summary This paper investigates a postprocessing approach to correct spatial distortion in two-photon fluorescence microscopy images for vascular network reconstruction. It is aimed at in vivo imaging of large field-of-view, deep-tissue studies of vascular structures. Based on simple geometric modelling of the object-of-interest, a distortion function is directly estimated from the image volume by deconvolution analysis. Such distortion function is then applied to subvolumes of the image stack to adaptively adjust for spatially varying distortion and reduce the image blurring through blind deconvolution. The proposed technique was first evaluated in phantom imaging of fluorescent microspheres that are comparable in size to the underlying capillary vascular structures. The effectiveness of restoring three-dimensional (3D) spherical geometry of the microspheres using the estimated distortion function was compared with empirically measured point-spread function. Next, the proposed approach was applied to in vivo vascular imaging of mouse skeletal muscle to reduce the image distortion of the capillary structures. We show that the proposed method effectively improve the image quality and reduce spatially varying distortion that occurs in large field-of-view deep-tissue vascular dataset. The proposed method will help in qualitative interpretation and quantitative analysis of vascular structures from fluorescence microscopy images. Lay Description Image distortion in fluorescence microscopy affects qualitative interpretation and particularly quantitative comparison of biological structures. Conventional image deconvolution approaches using empirically measured point-spread function (PSF) from submicron beads have limitations in correcting for large structural distortion in in vivo deep-tissue scans that require spatially varying models of the PSF. In this paper, we present a model-based image restoration approach to reduce spatial distortion and image blurring of microvascular structures in two-photon fluorescence microscopy images. Our results showed significant improvement in quantitative geometry measurements of the microsphere phantom compared to conventional measured PSF approach. We also showed that the method improve the image quality of vessel structures in mouse skeletal muscle. This image restoration approach can assist in qualitative and quantitative analysis of large field-of-view deep-tissue two photon fluorescence microscopy images.
2R regeneration and simultaneous wavelength conversion using a fiber parametric amplifier and a semiconductor optical amplifier

2R regeneration using a fiber parametric amplifier and a semiconductor amplifier has been demonstrated at 10 Gb/s with a 3.8 dB negative power penalty and significant extinction ratio improvement from 5 dB to 14 dB.
On the application of the adjoint method of sensitivity analysis to problems in the atmospheric sciences

MOTIVADOS POR UN RECIENTE TRABAJO PUBLICADO EN ESTA REVISTA POR MARCHUK Y SKIBA (1992), PRESENTAMOS UNA BREVE DESCRIPCION DEL DESARROLLO DEL METODO ADJUNTO DE ANALISIS DE SENSIBILIDAD, DESTACANDO SUS LIMITACIONES Y APLICABILIDAD TANTO A SISTEMAS LINEALES COMO A LOS NO LINEALES. ASI MISMO EL TRABAJO DE MARCHUK Y SKIBA (1992), ES ANALIZADO DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA MATEMATICO E HISTORICO.