cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanin Pigments in Trousseau Grapes

SUMMARY: The anthocyanin pigments in Trousseau grapes were extracted with 0.1% HCI in methanol, purified with Dowex 50 WX 4 cation exchange resin in the hydrogen form, and further purified by paper chromatography. Identificaton of the pigments was based on R1 values in various solvents, partial acid hydrolysis, sugar moiety, alkaline degradation, fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation, color reactions, and absorption spectra in the visible region. Shown to be present in the grapes are petunidin 3-mono- glucoside, cyanidin 3-monoglucoside, malvidin 3-monoglucoside, and peonidin 3-monoglucoside. Based on photodensitometric measurement, malvidin 3-monoglucoside was present in largest amount (49.8%), followed by peonidin 3-monoglucoside (36.9%), cyanidin 3-monoglucoside (8.75%), and petunidin 3-monoglucoside (4.55%). The identification of all the anthocyanins as monoglucosides supports the classification of Trousseau as a cultiva of Vitis vinifera.
A method for the estimation of fugitive dust emission potentials

Abstract A simple, reproducible technique to quantify fugitive dust emission potentials of various products is described. The principal apparatus consists of a vertical flow dust chamber (VFDC) and a high-volume air sampler. Sample preparation techniques have been developed and operational parameters such as pour rate and air flow rate have been optimized. Calibration procedures and dust size distribution measurements are presented. The relationship between product type, product moisture content, various product treatments and dust emission has been studied extensively. This technique has been found to be quite sensitive and reproducible and dust emission factors from about 0.0001 kg/metric ton to about 0.15 kg/metric ton have been measured for a wide range of materials.
Improvements in Medical CT Image Reconstruction Accuracy in the Presence of Metal Objects by using X-rays up to 1 MeV

The use of flat panels based on amorphous silicon technology (a-Si) for digital radiography has been accepted by the medical community as having advantages over film-based systems. Radiation treatment planning employs computed tomographic (CT) data sets and projection images to delineate tumor targets and normal structures that are to be spared from radiation treatment. The accuracy of CT numbers is crucial for radiotherapy dose calculations in general but is even more important for charged particle therapy. Conventional CT scanners operating at kilovoltage X-ray energies typically exhibit significant image reconstruction artifacts in the presence of metal implants in human body. We demonstrate a significant improvement in metal artifact reductions and electron density measurements using an amorphous silicon a-Si imager obtained with an X-ray source that can operate at energies up to 1 MeV. The data collected with the higher energy system will be compared and contrasted to CT results obtained at standard kilovoltage energies.
Pressure-induced changes in the electronic structure of americium metal

We have conducted electronic-structure calculations for Am metal under pressure to investigate the behavior of the 5f-electron states. Density-functional theory (DFT) does not reproduce the experimental photoemission spectra for the ground-state phase where the 5f electrons are localized, but the theory is expected to be correct when 5f delocalization occurs under pressure. The DFT prediction is that peak structures of the 5f valence band will merge closer to the Fermi level during compression indicating presence of itinerant 5f electrons. Existence of such 5f bands is argued to be a prerequisite for the phase transitions, particularly to the primitive orthorhombic AmIV phase, but does not agree with modern dynamical-mean-field theory (DMFT) results. Our DFT model further suggests insignificant changes of the 5f valence under pressure in agreement with recent resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy, but in contradiction to the DMFT predictions. The influence of pressure on the 5f valency in the actinides is discussed and is shown to depend in a non-trivial fashion on 5f band position and occupation relative to the spd valence bands.
Dynkin diagrams of CP1 orbifolds

Abstract We investigate N = 2 supersymmetric sigma-model orbifolds of the sphere in the large-radius limit. These correspond to N = 2 superconformal field theories. We review the topological-anti-topological equations of Cecotti and Vafa and their classification of N = 2 theories with massive deformations. Using the equations of topological-anti-topological fusion for the topological orbifold, we compute the generalized Dynkin diagrams of these theories — i.e., the soliton spectrum — which was used in classifying supersymmetric theories. They correspond to the extended Dynkin diagrams associated to finite subgroups of SO(3).
Why do larger and older males win contests in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis

Contest competition is the direct struggle for mates, resources, or both. Winning contests is thought to be determined by a competitor's fighting ability (resource-holding potential, RHP), the value of a contested resource to a competitor (resource value, RV), or both. Larger competitors' winning against smaller competitors is often explained by larger competitors having greater RHP. Older competitors' winning against younger competitors is often explained by older competitors valuing resources more highly (RV). In this study, we explored whether RHP explained the size effects and whether RV explained the age effects hypothesized to occur in pairwise male–male contests in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis. We found that larger males won contests against smaller males, but that the sizes of winning and losing competitors did not predict the degree of agonism. When we attempted to manipulate RHP through feeding, we found that feeding increased the probability of contest success among old males, but not among young males, and did not affect agonism, regardless of the competitors' ages. We conclude that larger males win as a result of their greater RHPs. Old males were more likely to win contests against young males and were more agonistic than young males in age-matched contests. When we attempted to manipulate RV through mating experience, we found that previously mated males did not differ from unmated males in the probability of contest success. However, competing pairs that included at least one mated male were more agonistic than all-virgin pairs. We conclude that it remains unclear whether RV adequately explains why old males win contests against young males, and that further investigation is warranted.
Thermodynamics for fluid mixtures near to and far from the vapor–liquid critical point

Abstract To describe thermodynamic properties of fluid mixtures near to and far from the vapor–liquid critical point, we need a method where a classical equation-of-state is augmented with a correction based on renormalization group (RG) theory. The advantage of the method described here is that, subject to well-defined assumptions, it can be applied not only to binary mixtures but to mixtures containing any number of components. While our method is based on White’s recursion procedure, our extension to mixtures is based on the isomorphism assumption and on an approximation suggested by Kiselev. To illustrate, calculations are presented for the critical loci of some alkane mixtures containing one discrete component and one pseudo-component whose composition is characterized by a continuous distribution of molecular weight. While critical loci calculated with the RG correction are similar to those calculated by the classical equation-of-state alone, inclusion of the RG correction provides better agreement with experiment.
Poisson winner queues

Abstract Kleinrock, L. and F. Mehovic, Poisson winner queues, Performance Evaluation 14 (1992) 79–101. We study special types of queues, winner queues, in which all customers are served concurrently . A customer in a winner queue will successfully finish his service (i.e. “win”) and leave if no other customer leaves during his current service. Once a customer wins, all others in service at that time “lose”; thus we have a situation in which concurrent customers conflict, yielding a single “winner”. There are four disciplines considered: silent-redraw, silent-noredraw, broadcast-redraw, and broadcast-noredraw. The winner queues considered have an infinite number of servers. We assume that service times consist of a deterministic part and an exponential part. This type of service time distribution includes pure deterministic and pure exponential service times as special cases. Using a one-dimensional imbedded Markov chain and a recursive formula for the state probabilities, we obtain numerical results for certain disciplines and distributions of requested and restarted service time. For some broadcast winner queues we show analytic results. In all cases we also give simulation results which indicate the correctness and accuracy of our numerical calculations. The results obtained are given in terms of the normalized average system time and the normalized power (defined as the system load divided by the normalized average system time). One application of this model is to study the performance of optimistic concurrency control schemes in databases.
Attack of the artillery fungus on vinyl siding

The artillery fungus, Sphaerobolus stellatus, ejects dark-colored spores for a distance of several meters. These are enclosed In an adhesive layer comprised of carotenoid pigments. On exposure to sunlight, the pigment layer resinifies and develops a strong bond to vinyl siding capstock. The damage is compounded when the homeowner removes the bonded spores abrasively, destroying the protective capstock layer. Strategies to protect vinyl siding or to defeat the microorganism are discussed.
Tobramycin and gentamycin elution analysis between two in situ polymerizable orthopedic composites.

This research analyzed Tobramycin and Gentamycin elution characteristics for two antibiotic-impregnated bone composites: PMMA-based Simplex P and the novel, hybrid, bioactive, CORTOSS. Experimental results were correlated with composite hydrophilicity and antibiotic phase partitioning behaviors. The phase partitioning experiment was conducted to understand antibiotic solubility in aqueous environments. By comparing experimental results with calculated data, antibiotic release behavior was predicted. Total Tobramycin elution percentages from CORTOSS and Simplex P were 12.5 and 6.4%, respectively. Total Gentamycin elution percentages from CORTOSS and Simplex P were 6.95 and 10.17%, respectively. Phase partitioning data indicate 100% of Tobramycin remains in aqueous phases, being extremely hydrophilic. This is supported by its calculated theoretical value (log P = - 7.32). Results suggest that Tobramycin elution can be attributed to composite hydrophilicity as well as its high degree of hydrophilicity. Fifteen percent of Gentamycin distributes in hydrophobic phases (log P = - 4.22). Despite a lower Gentamycin hydrophilicity, its release was affected by its complexation with polar salts in the leaching buffer, thereby increasing its elution potential, making it appreciably water soluble. CORTOSS is more hydrophilic; therefore the migration of aqueous liquids into the polymer network of CORTOSS facilitates greater antibiotic elution compared with hydrophobic Simplex P.
Promoter methylation and age-related downregulation of Klotho in rhesus monkey

While overall DNA methylation decreases with age, CpG-rich areas of the genome can become hypermethylated. Hypermethylation near transcription start sites typically decreases gene expression. Klotho (KL) is important in numerous age-associated pathways including insulin/IGF1 and Wnt signaling and naturally decreases with age in brain, heart, and liver across species. Brain tissues from young and old rhesus monkeys were used to determine whether epigenetic modification of the KL promoter underlies age-related decreases in mRNA and protein levels of KL. The KL promoter in genomic DNA from brain white matter did not show evidence of oxidation in vivo but did exhibit an increase in methylation with age. Further analysis identified individual CpG motifs across the region of interest with increased methylation in old animals. In vitro methyl modification of these individual cytosine residues confirmed that methylation of the promoter can decrease gene transcription. These results provide evidence that changes in KL gene expression with age may, at least in part, be the result of epigenetic changes to the 5′ regulatory region.
Second Virial Coefficient of He4 in the Temperature Range from 2 to 20 °K.

We pre~e nt p re limin a ry values for Ih e second viria l coefficie nt of He' in th e te mpe r a tu re range from 2 to 20 K. 1 h ey we l e derI ved fro m recent sound ve lOC It y meas ure me nt s in Ih e gas made by Plumb a nd Catala nd uSIn g a n ultras onI c Int erfero meter. In thi s communicati o n we prese nt valu es for the second vi rial coe ffi cie nt of H e 4 in th e te mpe rature range from 2 to 20 oK. They we re d erived from recent so und velo city measurements in the gas made by Plumb a nd Catal a nd usin g an ultraso ni c interferom ­ eter [1] .1 Our values for the virial s mu s t be co ns id ­ er ed as pre limin ary s in ce the me thod for d e terminin g th e m fr o m so und velocity data pl aces s uc h stringent de mands on th e nume rical accuracy of the latter that it.will be necessary to acc umula te a mu c h larger body of data than is now avail able to achi eve more exact virials. However, the problem of disc repanc ies existin g be tw een various provis io na l te mperature scales be low 20 oK is c urre ntly of stron g inte rest [2] a nd co ntr ib ­ utes a note of urge ncy to th e proble m of obtai nin g new meas ured values of th e second virial coe ffi c ient in thi s t e mperature range. C urre ntl y, th e o nl y va lu es avail a bl e are obtained either by extra pola tin g upward from th e PVT data of Kelle r [3 ] in the 2 to 4 oK regio n, by rel yin g on a very few points obtained by Keesom and Walstra [4] more than twe nty years ago, or by us in g th eore ti c al calculation s based on ass umed inter­ molecu lar potential function s . We thus beli eve that our values, although they mus t b e regarde d as te nta­ tiv e, are probably the best now availabl e a nd may therefore prove useful as guides toward resulvin <f th e intern a ti onal temperature · scale diffi c ulti es. Fu~ther measure ments of sound velocity isotherms wh ic h s hould e nable more accurate and re li ab le values to be d e termined are now in progress in thi s labor ator y. I soth erms of th e s peed of sound as a function of pressure were obtained [1 1 at pressures low e nouah th a t th e isotherms could be re presented by a line~r
Nortriptyline Cardiac Toxicity Resulting From a Probable Interaction With Telithromycin

Objective: To report a case of probable nortriptyline toxicity associated with a combination of telithromycin and nortriptyline.Case Summary: A 50-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital with new-onset palpitations after taking 5 days of telithromycin in combination with nortriptyline. On admission her electrocardiograph showed atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. The patient was also hypotensive, with a blood pressure of 90/45 mm Hg. She had been taking nortriptyline 150 mg daily at bedtime for 10 years without complications. The final day of telithromycin therapy was completed, and nortriptyline was discontinued on admission. The tachycardia subsided with a dose of diltiazem.Discussion: It is suspected that the cardiovascular symptoms observed in the patient are the result of nortriptyline toxicity caused by inhibition of CYP2D6 by telithromycin. Limited evidence shows that telithromycin may be an inhibitor of CYP2D6. An assessment of causation of the adverse effects using the Drug Inte...
Spacer Flashover in Compressed Gases

Surface flashover studies of cylindrical spacers are carried out in SF6-N2 and other SF6-gas mixtures in a uniform field. In the presence of the spacer, the value of the surface flashover voltage is typically found to be lower than the corresponding breakdown own voltage of the gas gap without the spacer. It is experimentally found that this reduction in the breakdown voltage depends to a large extent on the dielectric constant of the spacer material, the type of end-contact between the spacer and the electrode surface, the surface condition of the spacer, the content of SF6 in the gas mixture, and the gas pressure. re. From these experimental results, an empirical expression is developed for the first time to predict in compressed gases. The calculated values of the flashover voltage show a good agreement with the measured values of the author as well as with those previously published in the literature.
Effect of distributors on Gas—Solid Fluidization

Abstract The efficient operation of a fluidized bed is very much dependent upon distributor performance, which in turn depends on its design parameters. The work reported here deals with the characteristics of such distributors as are commonly employed in laboratories, pilot plant and large scale operations. Specifically a porous plate distributor, two bubble cap distributors of different geometries and four Johnson screen distibutors of different percent open area have been investigated in a 30.5 cm by 30.5 cm square fluidized bed as a function of air fluidizing velocity and bed height. The pressure drop data for all the distributors have been correlated by a single equation with two unknown constants. The ratio of distributor pressure drop to bed pressure drop is found to increase rapidly with increase in fluidization velocity. The bed expansion ratio is found to increase with increase in excess fluidization velocity and distributor pressure drop but decreases with increase in bed height or weight.
The thyroid gland and radiation for Hodgkin's disease.

Excerpt To the editor: I should like to comment on the paper "Radiation-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Implications for the Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease" by Schimpff and colleagues (1) in the Janua...
Augmented breaths ('sighs') are suppressed by morphine in a dose-dependent fashion via naloxone-sensitive pathways in adult rats.

Morphine treatment can eliminate augmented breaths (ABs; ‘sighs’) during spontaneous breathing. In the present study, unanesthetized rats were studied to: (1) determine the involvement of naloxone-sensitive receptor pathways, and (2) establish the dose–response relationship of this side effect. At a dosage of 5 mg/kg (2–10 mg/kg is recommended range for analgesia) morphine eliminated ABs from the breathing rhythm across nearly 100 min post-administration (vs. 6.2 ± 1.6 ABs in 15 min, control condition, p < 0.001). This occurred despite no apparent effect on indices of ventilation. By contrast, when naloxone was co-administered with morphine, the occurrence of ABs was not different compared to control. The suppression of ABs by morphine followed a sigmoidal pattern across the low–mid dosage range (R2 = 0.83), whereas tidal volume and breathing frequency were unaffected. We conclude that the opioid-induced suppression of ABs is mediated by naloxone-sensitive opioid receptor pathways, and that this side effect is potent across the low–mid dosage range, and cannot be simply avoided by restricting dosage.
Resorbable bone distraction: current status and future directions

Distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton has been one of the most exciting developments of the last decade. Parallel development of new biocompatible and resorbable materials inspired the authors to combine these technologies to create a new class of single-stage resorbable bone distraction devices. The authors present their experience to date in 50 patients whom have undergone distraction osteogenesis using resorbable devices.
Genetic differentiation and speciation in the estuarine isopodsCyathura polita andCyathura burbancki

We investigated the electrophoretically detectable variation at nine protein loci in seven populations ofCyathura polita and one population of the closely relatedC. burbancki from the Atlantic coast of North America. The average proportion of the genome heterozygous per individual\((\bar H)\) inC. polita ranges from about 0% in New Brunswick and Massachusetts to 9.3% in a Georgia population.\(\bar H\) in the population ofC. burbancki was 2.6%. On the basis of our results,C. polita can be separated into two geographic forms,northern (New Brunswick, Massachusetts, and Maryland) andsouthern (Georgia and Florida). The genetic distances between the southern and northernC. polita are similar to the genetic distances reported between species of several other invertebrate groups. Our genetic data support the idea that the northern and southern forms ofC. polita andC. burbancki comprise a triad of species that diverged from each other 2–3 million years ago. Since we know nothing about the genetic structure of populations ofCyathura between Georgia and Maryland, this interpretation must be considered preliminary.
Spin-transitions in a triple lateral quantum dot molecule in a magnetic field

Abstract We present a theory on the effects of the magnetic field on the electronic structure and spin-transitions of lateral triple quantum dot molecule filled with a few electrons. We use a simple Hubbard model and a microscopic model based on linear combination of harmonic orbitals (LCHO) method combined with configuration interaction (CI) approach for many electron systems. It is shown that, in the presence of a magnetic field, periodic spin singlet–triplet transitions occur for two- and four-electron systems due to the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) oscillations of single-electron energy levels. This leads to the possibility of controlling the total spin of the many-electron system. For three-electron system we find a transition from a magnetically frustrated to the spin-polarized state which is a result of the competition between the Zeeman energy and the effects due to topology and Fermi statistics. We discuss the impact of these magnetic field induced phase transitions on the addition spectrum.
Signal/noise ratios for domain-referenced tests

Using the assumption of randomly parallel tests and concepts from generalizability theory, three signal/noise ratios for domain-referenced tests are developed, discussed, and compared. The three ratios have the same noise but different signals depending upon the kind of decision to be made as a result of measurement. It is also shown that these ratios incorporate a definition of noise or error which is different from the classical definition of noise typically used to characterize norm-referenced tests.
Child development associate: A professional role for developmental day care

Since 1969, the Office of Child Development has been facing the conceptual and practical problems involved in launching a program of expanded day care. I have participated in two aspects of this preparatory work: the definition of basic principles for day care (Office of Child Development, 1970); and the formulation of competencies for the role of Child Development Associate who will be responsible for a developmental program for the children in each centerl (Klein, 1972). In what follows, I shall discuss some of the issues that had to be faced in formu-
Mandated Climate Change Disclosures by Firms Participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative

AbstractIn February 2010, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued an interpretive release clarifying what registrants should disclose related to climate change on their documents filed with SEC (i.e. 10-K or 20-F). This study investigates whether the electric utility firms participating in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) are virtually fulfilling this mandate. An equal weighting content analysis was performed with two types of disclosure indices for RGGI and climate change, respectively. The results show that there are cross-sectional differences in the disclosures on both RGGI and climate change among the sample firms. However, we do not find any significant temporal difference in the disclosure on RGGI among the sample years from 2008 to 2011. Although there is no significant difference in the disclosure on climate change between the initiative 2009 and 2010 (the year targeted by the SEC), we find a significant difference between 2008 and 2010. This finding suggests that there w...
Energy-efficient distributed authorisation server (DAS) placement for sensor networks

Sensor networks are resource-constrained environments. Further, sensor networks are not physically secured, that is, sensor nodes may be physically captured and reverse engineered by the attacker. The goal of our research is to design algorithms for placing energy-efficient distributed authorisation servers (DASs) resilient to logical attack (hacking) and physical attack. A common method for achieving longer life for a sensor network is to deploy redundant nodes and to activate only a subset of nodes at one point of time. To the best of our knowledge, nobody addressed the problem of choosing the nodes to be activated. In this paper, we designed a set of algorithms to choose the set of nodes for forming the DAS between the command and the control centres (CCCs) and sensors collecting data. Our algorithms maximise the time required to compromise the security as well as to reduce the energy requirement for both authorisation and communication.
Immunofluorescent determination of the lobular distribution of a constitutive form of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P‐450

We have used an immunohistochemical approach to study the lobular distribution of constitutive liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Cytochrome P-450 isolated (10.3 nmoles per mg protein) from hepatic microsomes from untreated, mature male Sprague-Dawley rats was used to produce antisera in rabbits. The IgG fraction produced single precipitin lines of identity with liver microsomes after double immunodiffusion, precipitated 80% of the total microsomal cytochrome P-450 and inhibited three cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme activities. By these criteria, the IgG appeared to be specific for a constitutive form (or immunochemically related family) of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. The pattern of fluorescence after indirect immunofluorescent labeling of liver sections depended on the route of tissue preparation and the concentration of primary antibody. In frozen sections, the labeling was uniform throughout the lobule, whereas in "antigen-depleted" paraffin-embedded sections it was heaviest in the centrilobular and midzonal regions. Increasing the concentration of primary antibody to 500 micrograms per ml inhibited the centrilobular labeling in frozen sections in a concentration-dependent manner. When specific isozymes of cytochrome P-450 were induced with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, the constitutive cytochrome P-450 was localized predominantly in the periportal region. Decreases in cytochrome P-450 in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride or 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane were associated with antigen loss only in necrotic cells. Regional differences in the loss of antigen in paraffin sections and the inhibition of fluorescence in frozen sections establish that the lobular distribution of constitutive hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 is qualitatively heterogeneous and may be altered during hepatocellular responses to chemical treatment.
Evaluating Health Information Technology: Provider Satisfaction with an HIV-Specific, Electronic Clinical Management and Reporting System

Abstract Health information technology (HIT) offers the potential to improve care for persons living with HIV. Provider satisfaction with HIT is essential to realize benefits, yet its evaluation presents challenges. An HIV-specific, electronic clinical management and reporting system was implemented in Louisiana's eight HIV clinics, serving over 7500. A serial cross-sectional survey was administered at three points between April 2002 and July 2005; qualitative methods were used to augment quantitative. Multivariable methods were used to characterize provider satisfaction. The majority of the sample (n = 196; T1 = 105; T2 = 46; T3 = 45) was female (80.0%), between ages of 25 and 50 years (68.3%), frequent providers at that clinic (53.7% more than 4 days per week), and had been at the same clinic for a year or more (85.0%). Improvements in satisfaction were observed in patient tracking (p < 0.05), distribution of educational materials (p < 0.04), and belief that electronic systems improve care (p < 0.05). P...
Preparation and characterization of Titanium(IV) oxide photocatalysts

Abstract Titanium(IV) oxide samples were prepared by two techniques, namely, ultrasonic nebulization and flame hydrolysis, and the ultrasonic nebulization and furnace pyrolysis. Titanium(IV) chloride and diisopropoxy-titanium(IV)-bis-(acetylacetonate) were employed for the preparation of titanium(IV) oxide samples. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples were evaluated by measuring the degradation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene and compared with that of Degussa P25 titanium(IV) oxide. The ultrasonic nebulization and flame hydrolysis method was more efficient than nebulization and furnace pyrolysis. Products obtained using this method gave photocatalytic activities similar to that of P25.
Autoregulation of blood pressure and thought: preliminary results of an application of brain imaging to psychosomatic medicine.

Objective This presentation seeks to demonstrate the use of brain imaging techniques for understanding the interaction between hypertension and psychosocial function. Methods The historical background for the study of brain function among hypertensive patients is reviewed. An initial and a current project examining rCBF with 15O water radiotracer and PET in unmedicated hypertensives and normotensives are described. The rCBF response is assessed during the performance of spatial and verbal working memory tasks of increasing memory load. The assessment also addresses the influence on rCBF and performance of white matter hyperintensities and the presence of carotid artery thickening. Results Initial results suggest that hypertensives relative to normotensives show less CBF and less posterior parietal rCBF in response to increases in memory load. Hypertensives, however, increase lateral prefrontal (Broca’s area)/insula and amygdala/hippocampal rCBF more than normotensives. Conclusion Initial results are sufficient to show that hypertension induces changes in rCBF. A tentative hypothesis is that a relatively general decrease in rCBF responsivity induces specific compensatory cognitive strategies as well as subcortical activation. The rCBF changes appear to have implications for information processing and, as such, hold promise for understanding prior reports relating hypertension to affective regulation and cardiovascular reactivity. Imaging techniques provide a powerful tool for psychosomatic research.
Transformer Fault Diagnosis Study Based on Bayesian Case Library

The transformer fault diagnostic method based on Bayesian case library is proposed in the paper. Firstly, a transformer fault case library is established by collecting standard guideline and expert experience. Secondly, by standardizing the states and fault modes in the case library, the method takes the states as inputs and the fault modes as outputs, which are used to train a naive Bayesian network classifier. When it is necessary for a fault diagnosis, the user is expected to input the fault states in order to finalize the correct fault mode with the help of the well-trained classifier. On this basis, and with the details of the fault mode, the method could help to get the fault diagnosis results of the case. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of this developed method is illustrated by a numerical example of transformer fault diagnosis on site.
Resource allocation in cooperative networks: The role of games

Cooperative communication is becoming a promising technology to increase the channel capacity of wireless networks. The assignment of relay nodes to users plays a critical role to the resulting channel capacity. A significant challenge is how to make the assignment scheme robust to selfish and cheating behavior of users while guaranteeing the social optimal system capacity. In this keynote, we will present an integrated optimal relay assignment scheme for cooperative networks. To avoid system performance degradation due to selfish relay selections by the users, we propose a payment mechanism for charging the users to induce them to converge to the optimal assignment. To prevent relay nodes from manipulating the relay assignment by reporting transmission powers untruthfully, we propose a payment mechanism to pay them for providing relaying service.
Inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6): an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor receptor binding and activity.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF), which have been implicated in tumor cell growth and angiogenesis, have biological activities that appear to be mediated by both heparinlike extracellular matrix sites and transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor sites. In the present study, we demonstrated that inositolhexakisphosphate (InsP6) inhibits basic FGF (bFGF) binding to heparin. Our spectrofluorometric analyses demonstrated that InsP6 not only bound to bFGF, presumably within the bFGF heparin-binding domain, but also protected bFGF from degradation by trypsin. Also, InsP6 inhibited the cellular binding of bFGF and other fibroblast growth factor family members such as acidic FGF (aFGF) and K-FGF in a saturable and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, concentrations as low as 100µM InsP6 inhibited bFGF-induced DNA synthesis in AKR-2B fibroblasts, as well as the growth of bFGF-and K-FGF-transfected NIH/3T3 cells. Together, these results indicate that InsP6 may serve as a useful antagonist of FGF activity.
Social constructions influencing sociosexual identity development of collegiate gay and bisexual men

This article reports on a study that employed ethnographic methods to understand how social constructions influence the social identity development of collegiate gay and bisexual men (CGBM) in the United States. Data included 15 weeks of participant observations at a large southwestern university; the review of university documents, including 69 newspapers, 88 handouts, and 9 reports or websites; 1 focus group; and formal interviews with 25 self-identified CGBM, 7 student-affairs professionals, and 5 community health educators who work with CGBM. Living in an environment more tolerant of homosexuality than in the past, CGBM seem required to interpret subtle social cues to identify the degree to which they can be out in a given location or situation. How they interpret these cues, often with little institutional support or few mentors, appears to shape their identity. This article elaborates on some of the social constructions that have contributed to CGBM’s social identity formation and discusses policy implications.
A steady two-dimensional climate model with residual circulation

Based on dynamical energy transport and thermodynamic energy balance in the earth’s atmosphere-ocean system a steady two-dimensional climate model with residual circulation is proposed. In the model, we include some important physical processes with feedbacks such as ice caps-albedo, water vapor-temperature, etc. The simulated steady tempsrature field is very close to that of the real atmosphere. The numerical experiments show that doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide results in temperature increase of 1~2°C at the low latitude surface and 6~8°C at the high latitude surface. It is shown that a6% decrease in the solar constant is required for the — 10°C ice edge to move from its present latitude ~70° to~50°.
Correlations for the Viscosity and Prandtl Number of Hydrocarbon-Air Combustion Products

Abstract Correlations are presented for the viscosity and Prandtl number of hydrocarbon-air combustion products for the temperature range 500 K to 4000 K, pressure range 1 to 100 atm, and fuel-air equivalence ratio range of 0 to 4. The required thermodynamic properties for calculating the thermal conductivity from the Prandtl number, cp and γ, are also given. The principal advantage of these correlations is computational speed; they have been developed primarily for internal combustion engine performance calculations.
The Biology of Memory: A Forty-Year Perspective

In the forty years since the Society for Neuroscience was founded, our understanding of the biology of memory has progressed dramatically. From a historical perspective, one can discern four distinct periods of growth in neurobiological research during that time. Here I use that chronology to chart a personalized and selective course through forty years of extraordinary advances in our understanding of the biology of memory storage.
Organic scintillators for active detection using an intense pulsed bremsstrahlung source

Various active interrogation techniques are under investigation with the goal of increasing sensitivity to the presence of special nuclear material (SNM) in an unknown target. The Intense Pulsed Active Detection approach uses a single very short but intense pulse of high-energy photons to interrogate a target. Interrogation with short pulses opens the possibility of accessing the strong prompt neutron signal from induced fission in the target. In the current experimental campaign, a bremsstrahlung spectrum of hard x-rays - endpoint energies between 8 MeV and 16 MeV - is provided by the HERMES-III pulsed power facility at Sandia National Laboratories. We fielded a combination of neutron-sensitive organic scintillator detectors at the HERMES campaign, including liquid, plastic, and crystalline scintillators at ~45 m from the target. We have investigated the sensitivity of these organic scintillators to the neutron and gamma signatures at three timescales of interest in the active interrogation context: the prompt signal from photofission at O(μs), the “delayed prompt” signal from thermalized neutrons inducing fission in fissile material at O(ms), and the delayed gammas and beta-delayed neutrons from fission daughters at O(s).
Quark-cluster model of dibaryon resonances

We suggest that a recently discovered dibaryon resonance is composed of quark clusters such as a quadriquark and a diquark or a pentaquark and a quark.
The solar wind as we know it today

The first evidence of the solar wind surfaced after comet tail deflections were observed by L. Biermann in 1951. A cometary ion tail is oriented along the difference between the cometary and solar wind velocities, whereas the dust tail is in the antisunward direction. The ion tail directions indicated the existence of an outflow of ionized gas from the Sun (the solar wind) and allowed estimates of solar wind speed. Spacecraft observations have established that at 1 AU, the solar wind has a typical ion number density of about 7 cm−3 and is composed of about 95% protons and 5% helium and other minor ions. A typical speed is 450 km/s. At this speed, ions travel from the Sun to 1 AU in about 4 days. The impact of the solar wind on planets with magnetic fields (Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) causes phenomena such as magnetospheres, aurorae, and geomagnetic storms, whereas at objects lacking magnetospheres (Mars, Venus, comets), atmospheric neutrals undergo charge exchange and are picked up by the solar wind flow.
Analysis of the brominated fire retardant decabromodiphenyl oxide for low and trace level impurities

Abstract The fire retardant, decabromodiphenyl oxide, was analyzed for the presence of impurities by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Traditional elution chromatographic methods were also used in an attempt to screen the sample for brominated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Results from these analyses indicated that highly brominated compounds such as decabromodiphenyl oxide could be successfully analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography for trace level impurities. Better separation of impurities was obtained with this system than with the traditionally used high performance liquid chromatography. Several brominated impurities were identified in the sample. Analysis of the sample for brominated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans indicated that traditional elution chromatographic systems were inadequate for separating the brominated biphenyls and diphenyl ethers from the brominated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
Pentagonal dodecahedral water structure in crystalline hydrates

Abstract Crystal structural research on high hydrates has shown that the pentagonal dodecahedron of water structure, first observed by Pauling and Marsh, is not such an odd rarity as might have been anticipated twenty years ago.
A Pseudouridine Residue in the Spliceosome Core Is Part of the Filamentous Growth Program in Yeast

Although pseudouridine nucleobases are abundant in tRNAs, rRNAs, and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), they are not known to have physiologic roles in cell differentiation. We have identified a pseudouridine residue (Ψ28) on spliceosomal U6 snRNA that is induced during filamentous growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pus1p catalyzes this modification and is upregulated during filamentation. Several U6 snRNA mutants are strongly pseudouridylated at Ψ28. Remarkably, these U6 mutants activate pseudohyphal growth, dependent upon Pus1p, arguing that U6-Ψ28 per se can initiate at least part of the filamentous growth program. We confirmed this by using a designer small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) targeting U6-U28 pseudouridylation. Conversely, mutants that block U6-U28 pseudouridylation inhibit pseudohyphal growth. U6-U28 pseudouridylation changes the splicing efficiency of suboptimal introns; thus, Pus1p-dependent pseudouridylation of U6 snRNA contributes to the filamentation growth program.
Comment on “Chemical osmosis, reverse chemical osmosis, and the origin of subsurface brines” by Donald L. Graf

Abstract Graf (1982) has discussed possible mechanisms for ground water pressure differences large enough to drive subsurface reverse osmosis. Osmotic pressure differences were calculated assuming ideal membrane properties. However, consideration of non-ideal membrane properties indicates that actual subsurface osmotic pressure differences will be considerably smaller than those calculated by Graf (1980), and thus reverse osmosis may occur under more commonly observed hydrogeologic conditions.
Tribological performance of various coatings in unlubricated sliding for use in small arms action components—A case study

Abstract Use of liquid lubricants in dry and dusty environments can lead to malfunction or jamming of small arms weapons. As such, dry or “lubricious” coatings are desired for use on weapons action components to eliminate the need for liquid lubricants. The tribological performance of a variety of coatings was assessed under unlubricated sliding conditions spanning the range of those expected to be found in the action components of small arms. The coating types included in the study covered a broad range of hardness, composition, and deposition methods. Coating types investigated included: hard vapor-deposited PVD TiCN coatings, relatively soft organic PTFE-filled resin-bonded coatings, modified anodized coatings (for aluminum), electroless nickel–cobalt alloy coatings, PTFE-filled electroless nickel coatings, phosphate pre-treatment combined with dry-film burnished MoS 2 , and a ferritic nitro-carburizing treatment. Substrates included medium carbon steel, D2 tool steel and 6061-T6 aluminum. Tests were run using a cylinder-on-flat geometry, with self-mated coatings in both reciprocating and unidirectional tests under sliding velocities up to 3.6 m/s, at room temperature and 150 °C. These screening tests ranked the tribological performance of the coatings using both the coefficient of friction and the wear coefficient. The best performing samples were tested up to total sliding distances of 3.6 km.
An Apple II package for computer-assisted telephone interviewing

This paper describes an Apple II (an Apple-compatible) microcomputer package for a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) system. This system generates random telephone numbers within any number of exchanges that the user supplies, automatically dials the telephone, prompts the interviewer with each question, and records and permanently saves each response. It also provides a printed copy of the collected data by frequency of response in each question category. The Apple II CATI package is readily available, inexpensive, and easy to program in the BASIC language.
The optoelectronic technology of gallium nitride: the 2002 Benjamin Franklin medal in engineering presented to Shuji Nakamura

Abstract Professor Nakamura has fabricated the world's first, violet/blue laser diodes and world's brightest blue and green light emitting diodes. His remarkable contributions encompassed materials growth, characterization, and device development and processing. His gallium-nitride-based violet lasers improve by a factor of about three the packing density/resolution of optoelectronic storage media such as video or data storage and of printers or VCRs. His gallium nitride bright, green and blue, light emitting diodes, 10–100 times more efficient than their predecessors, enable color displays and lighting applications and are potential seeds of a new lighting industry. Professor Nakamura has opened the door to a gallium-nitride-based semiconductor industry.
WATER FLOW IN SOIL MACROPORES III. A STATISTICAL APPROACH

Summary Two regression equations describing water movement in saturated macropores in the field are compared with a theoretical expresion of the form Qmaα e2ma where Qma is the saturated volume flux density through a macropore system of porosity ema. The theoretical exponent of 2 agrees fairly well with the analyses of two very different sets of field experiments by Burger (1922–1940) and Ehlers (1975). It is suggested that the relationship Qma= Q*e2ma may be a useful first approximation to predict macropore flow, where Q* is an empirical coefficient that is expected to depend on the hydraulic connectivity, geometrical structure, tortuosity, roughness and other properties of the macropore system.
Suppression of resprouting in pruned mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var glandulosa) saplings with chemical or physical barrier treatments

Chemical and light barrier methods were evaluated over a 2 year period as to their effects on suppression of resprouting in pruned mesquite saplings. Trees were thinned and pruned leaving one clear stem. A randomized complete block design with five blocks was used in both 1995 and 1996. From the 19 treatments examined in 1995, 10 treatments were selected for further study in 1996. The chemical treatments were applied to the pruned site with a paint brush in 1995 and a spray bottle in 1996. After each growing season the resprouts were harvested and weighed. The greatest mean reduction in resprouts was obtained with the 20% triclopyr concentration in diesel fuel in 1995 and 20% triclopyr in vegetable oil in 1996. When averaged over both years, the non-chemical, light-barrier, tree-wrap, had the lowest resprout along the main stem. However, this treatment did not control the profuse sprouting from stumps from multiple ground level stems of the same tree. The highest concentrations of triclopyr had the lowest tree growth rates. Additional long term experiments are needed, particularly with triclopyr, to find the techniques for resprout reduction that will not reduce tree growth rates.