cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Return of the Gift: Liberalism, Self-Interest, and the Gift

O ne can observe a confusion about gift exchange among late eighteenth-century makers of empire, who could not live with it and could not live without it. James Mill a generation later tried to put an end to the uncertainties surrounding gift giving in India by refusing to admit that it existed at all except as another name for corruption. In the liberal utilitarian tradition that he represented so robustly, British governors and Indian princes who exchanged gifts were furthering nothing but self-enrichment, which was poorly disguised by excuses about local custom or recognition of social rank. Marcel Mauss, concluding his essay on the gift, thought that this kind of utilitarian incomprehension represented a turning point in modern history. He opposed the utilitarian “notion of interest, of the individual search after what is useful,” to the gift. This conception of the useful, he wrote, hardly existed in indigenous societies around the world, or in the classical world, or in Europe itself as more than a subordinate principle until a few centuries ago. “One can almost date – since Mandeville's The Fable of the Bees – the triumph of the notion of individual interest.” Thus, Mauss offered a starting point for the theoretical controversies culminating in his own essay: the theories of economic self-interest first clearly stated in early modern England.
Methods in Teaching Creative Dancing—A Summary

(1935). Methods in Teaching Creative Dancing—A Summary. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 6, No. 8, pp. 50-50.
Phenobarbital-inducible aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat. cDNA sequence and regulation of the mRNA by phenobarbital in responsive rats.

Abstract In the rat, a cytosolic isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase, designated ALDH-PB, can be induced in the liver by administration of phenobarbital (PB). ALDH-PB activity and mRNA are induced in Long-Evans rats that possess a responsive (R) allele but are not induced in homozygous nonresponsive rats (rr), although the rr genotype is competent to induce other PB-responsive mRNAs. ALDH-PB mRNA is expressed in the basal state (without PB administration) in hepatic tissue in both RR and rr genotypes. We report the complete nucleotide sequence of the rat ALDH-PB mRNA. The protein encoded by the ALDH-PB mRNA is 501 amino acids in length and has a predicted molecular mass of 54,540 daltons. The amino acid sequence predicted from the mRNA demonstrates a strong conservation between the rat ALDH-PB and the human cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase hALDH-1. We demonstrate the ALDH-PB, cytochrome P-450b, cytochrome P-450e, and glutathione S-transferase Ya subunit mRNA levels in the liver are altered noncoordinately by administration of PB in RR and rr genotypes. The strikingly different responses to PB administration between the various mRNA species in each of the genotypes suggest that the regulation of specific gene expression by PB may involve multiple pathways.
Derivation and analysis of a complete modern-date glacier inventory for Alaska and northwest Canada

We present a detailed, complete glacier inventory for Alaska and neighboring Canada using multi-sensor satellite data from 2000 to 2011. For each glacier, we derive outlines and 51 variables, including center-line lengths, outline types and debris cover. We find 86 723 km(2) of glacier area (27 109 glaciers >0.025 km(2)), similar to 12% of the global glacierized area outside ice sheets. Of this area 12.0% is drained by 39 marine-terminating glaciers (74 km of tidewater margin), and 19.3% by 148 lake- and river-terminating glaciers (420 km of lake-/river margin). The overall debris cover is 11%, with considerable differences among regions, ranging from 1.4% in the Kenai Mountains to 28% in the Central Alaska Range. Comparison of outlines from different sources on >2500 km(2) of glacierized area yields a total area difference of similar to 10%, emphasizing the difficulties in accurately delineating debris-covered glaciers. Assuming fully correlated (systematic) errors, uncertainties in area reach 6% for all Alaska glaciers, but further analysis is needed to explore adequate error correlation scales. Preliminary analysis of the glacier database yields a new set of well-constrained area/length scaling parameters and shows good agreement between our area altitude distributions and previously established synthetic hypsometries. The new glacier database will be valuable to further explore relations between glacier variables and glacier behavior.
Use of Nonabsorbable Markers for Gastrointestinal Contents in in Vivo Measurement of Magnesium Bioavailability

Magnesium absorption from five leafy vegetables was measured in rats using 28Mg as an extrinsic label and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chromium-mordanted vegetable fibers (cr-mordants) as unabsorbable markers of soluble and particulate gut and fecal contents, respectively. The test meals used in this investigation were identical to those used in a previous test in which we found: a) that stable 26Mg biologically incorporated into the vegetables was freely exchangeable with an extrinsic 28Mg tracer; b) PEG consistently preceded Cr-mordants in transit through the gut; and c) fecal Mg isotope excretion 12 hours after the test meal was inadequate for measurement of Mg absorption. Accordingly, in the present investigation, all measurements in feces and gut contents were made 24 hours after the test meal. By that time an average of greater than 60% of the ingested PEG had been excreted. Magnesium-28 excretions, estimated under these conditions, were 4-5% less than they would have been had fecal PEG excretion been 100%. The discrepancy was due to partial separation of PEG and Mg in the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT), possibly due to sequestration of Mg by microorganisms. That Mg must have entered an insoluble phase in the lower GIT was born out by the observation that little or no Mg absorption occurred in the cecum or colon. As before, Cr-modants lagged behind PEG and unabsorbed 28Mg, and thus do not seem suitable to monitoring intestinal transit of Mg.
Global Network Finance: Organizational Hedging in Times of Uncertainty

The global financial crisis that began in 2007 revealed a fundamental weakness in the global financial system: Extensive financial interdependence of financial relations unmatched by a governance regime of similar reach. As multinational banks sought to fortify their capital base in the wake of the unfolding crisis, Sovereign wealth Funds (SWFs) and the banks’ home governments have become mutual stakeholders in some of the largest financial intermediaries with global reach. From the multitude of individual transactions has emerged a network of equity ties that spans the globe. These ties bridge institutional practices and governance regimes that previously operated largely independently of each other. They have the potential of fostering the emergence of a new governance regime for the global financial market place that deviates from earlier prognoses that globalization entails convergence on a single governance model. Instead, the newly created ties that jointly add up to a global financial network enable institutionally and organizationally diverse players to contribute their own perspectives as joint stakeholders in selected financial intermediaries, and indirectly, in the global financial system. This is likely to have important implications for the behavior of these actors in the future and the emergence of new governance solutions for the global market place. The paper discusses two recent cases of collaborative re-capitalization events to illustrate how this regime is evolving in practice.
Establishment and characterization of in vitro model of human beige adipocytes using adenoviral delivery of BMP7 (133.1)

Browning of white adipose tissue is an attractive target to facilitate weight loss and improve metabolic health. Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) is known to stimulate brown adipogenesis, but the molecular identity and metabolic characteristics are unknown. To establish in vitro model of human beige adipocytes, human adipose stem cells (hASCs) were first infected with adenoviral (Ad)-BMP7 followed by adipogenic differentiation. Delivery of Ad-BMP7 to hASCs was associated with 1) positive correlation with PPARγ (r2=0.9), 2) a robust increase of UCP1, Cidea, ADR3, and DIO2, and 3) a significant increase of beige-specific markers, including CD137 and TMEM26. The uptake of 2-deoxy-3H-glucose and 14C-oleic acid was significantly higher in adipocytes infected with Ad-BMP7 compared to Ad-GFP. Moreover, cAMP-stimulated lipolysis was augmented in Ad-BMP7 infected adipocytes compared to Ad-GFP group. Taken together, we demonstrated that delivery of Ad-BMP7 to hASCs induced beige adipocytes that expressed beige-sel...
Risk for Clinically Relevant Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Chest Pain at Hospital Admission

Importance Patients with potentially ischemic chest pain are commonly admitted to the hospital or observed after a negative evaluation in the emergency department (ED) owing to concern about adverse events. Previous studies have looked at 30-day mortality, but no current large studies have examined the most important information regarding ED disposition: the short-term risk for a clinically relevant adverse cardiac event (including inpatient ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, life-threatening arrhythmia, cardiac or respiratory arrest, or death). Objective To determine the incidence of clinically relevant adverse cardiac events in patients hospitalized for chest pain with 2 troponin-negative findings, nonconcerning initial ED vital signs, and nonischemic, interpretable electrocardiographic findings. Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a blinded data review of 45 416 encounters obtained from a prospectively collected database enrolling adult patients admitted or observed with the following inclusion criteria: (1) primary presenting symptom of chest pain, chest tightness, chest burning, or chest pressure and (2) negative findings for serial biomarkers. Data were collected and analyzed from July 1, 2008, through June 30, 2013, from the EDs of 3 community teaching institutions with an aggregate census of more than 1 million visits. We analyzed data extracted by hypothesis-blinded abstractors. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of life-threatening arrhythmia, inpatient ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, cardiac or respiratory arrest, or death during hospitalization. Results Of the 45 416 encounters, 11 230 met criteria for inclusion. Mean patient age was 58.0 years. Of the 11 230 encounters, 44.83% of patients arrived by ambulance and 55.00% of patients were women. Relevant history included hypertension in 46.00%, diabetes mellitus in 19.72%, and myocardial infarction in 13.16%. The primary end point occurred in 20 of the 11 230 patients (0.18% [95% CI, 0.11%-0.27%]). After excluding patients with abnormal vital signs, electrocardiographic ischemia, left bundle branch block, or a pacemaker rhythm, we identified a primary end point event in 4 of 7266 patients (0.06% [95% CI, 0.02%-0.14%]). Of these events, 2 were noncardiac and 2 were possibly iatrogenic. Conclusions and Relevance In adult patients with chest pain admitted with 2 negative findings for serial biomarkers, nonconcerning vital signs, and nonischemic electrocardiographic findings, short-term clinically relevant adverse cardiac events were rare and commonly iatrogenic, suggesting that routine inpatient admission may not be a beneficial strategy for this group.
Nuclear pre-mRNA splicing in yeast.

In this review I will summarize the genetic and biochemical approaches that have been used in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine the pathway of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing and to identify both cis- and trans-acting elements in these processes
Daily intermittent hypoxia augments spinal BDNF levels, ERK phosphorylation and respiratory long-term facilitation

Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) elicits a form of respiratory plasticity known as long-term facilitation (LTF). We hypothesized that: 1) daily AIH (dAIH) preconditioning enhances phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) LTF in a rat strain with low constitutive LTF expression; 2) dAIH induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical protein for phrenic LTF (pLTF) in the cervical spinal cord; and 3) dAIH increases post-AIH extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Phrenic and XII motor output were monitored in anesthetized dAIH- or sham-treated Brown Norway rats with and without acute AIH. pLTF was observed in both sham (18 ± 9% baseline; 60 min post-hypoxia; p < 0.05; n = 18) and dAIH treated rats (37 ± 8%; p < 0.05; n = 14), but these values were not significantly different (p = 0.13). XII LTF was not observed in sham-treated rats (4 ± 5%), but was revealed in dAIH pretreated rats (48 ± 18%; p < 0.05). dAIH preconditioning increased basal ventral cervical BDNF protein levels (24 ± 8%; p < 0.05), but had no significant effect on ERK phosphorylation. AIH increased BDNF in sham (25 ± 8%; p < 0.05), but not dAIH-pretreated rats (−7 ± 4%), and had complex effects on ERK phosphorylation (ERK2 increased in shams whereas ERK1 increased in dAIH-treated rats). Thus, dAIH elicits metaplasticity in LTF, revealing XII LTF in a rat strain with no constitutive XII LTF expression. Increased BDNF synthesis may no longer be necessary for phrenic LTF following dAIH preconditioning since BDNF concentration is already elevated.
The rod and frame effect and induced head tilt as a function of observation distance

Several experiments investigated the influence of a tilted luminous frame on the rod and frame effect (RFE) and on adjustments of the head to apparent vertical, while observation distance to the frame was varied between 1 and 5 m. Comparisons of repeated measures from the same subjects as well as between independent groups showed that distance was a highly effective variable. Both the RFE and the apparent head tilt varied inversely with distance to the frame, diminishing Lo zero at about 5 m. Since head settings were in the direction of the tilted frame, the latter may be inferred to have caused an induced head tilt (IHT) opposite in direction to the tilted frame, when the head was objectively upright. Issues discussed were the role of IHT in the RFE and factors underlying the role of distance in both phenomena.
Tradition, Pluralism, and Identity: In Honour of T. N. Madan . Edited by Veena Das, Dipankar Gupta, and Patricia Uberoi. Contributions to Indian Sociology, Occasional Studies 8. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1999. 476 pp. $65.00 (cloth).

Tradition, Pluralism and Identity - Veena Das Framing the Issues The Imagined Landscape - Diana L Eck Patterns in the Construction of Hindu Sacred Geography Caste and Purity - Patrick Olivelle A Study in the Language of the Dharma Literature Secularism, Unicity and Diversity - Frederique Apffel-Marglin The Case of Haracandi's Grove The Politics of Moral Practice in Psychotherapy and Religious Healing - Arthur Kleinman and Don Seeman The Issue of `Right to Food' Among the Hindus - R S Khare Notes and Comments The Female Family Core Explored Ethnosociologically - McKim Marriot The Diaspora Comes Home - Patricia Uberoi Disciplining Desire in DDLJ Indian Diaspora, Globalisation and Multiculturalism - Ravindra K Jain A Cultural Analysis What Did Bernier Actually Say? Profiling the Mughal Empire - Stanley J Tambiah Rejecting Violence - Lawrence A Babb Sacrifice and the Social Identity of Trading Communities Caste and Politics - Dipankar Gupta The Presumption of Numbers Gifting and Receiving - Lionel Caplan Anglo-Indian Charity and Its Beneficiaries in Madras Arabs, Moors and Muslims - Dennis B McGilvray Sri Lankan Muslim Ethnicity in Regional Perspective Secularism Out of Its Place - Paul R Brass The Babri Masjid and the Secular Contract - Harold A Gould The Twilight of Certitudes - Ashis Nandy Secularism, Hindu Nationalism and Other Masks of Deculturation Self as Other - Lloyd I Rudolph Amar Singh's Diary as Reflexive `Native' Ethnography
Who's socializing whom? Complex engagement in Sino-ASEAN relations

Abstract This article draws on constructivist approaches to explore processes of socialization in the context of evolving relations between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Constructivist discussions have challenged traditional accounts of socialization; however, left under-examined are the processes by which social learning and social change take place. This article contributes to the theoretical discussion with its examination of ASEAN's regional engagement processes. It treats ASEAN states' ‘complex engagement’ of China as an exercise in argumentative persuasion, which seeks common agreement via a deliberative, non-coercive process. In contrasting ASEAN's particular style of engagement with other models that emphasize more coercive and utilitarian strategies of persuasion, the article draws attention to how particular kinds of interaction may facilitate social learning, as well as the conditions that may make social learning more likely. Particular attention is paid to the ...
Management of complications arising from transvaginal mesh kit procedures: a tertiary referral center’s experience

This case series’ purpose is to review a referral center’s experience with complications from mesh kits. A chart review of 12 patients who presented with complications associated with transvaginal mesh kit procedures was performed. All patients underwent complete surgical removal of the mesh to treat mesh exposure, pain, or vaginal bleeding/discharge followed by an anterior or posterior repair. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 3.4 months. Eight of 12 patients had mesh that had formed a fibrotic band. Six of 12 patients had complete resolution of pain. Of the nine patients with mesh exposure, all required significant resection of the vaginal wall. No further mesh exposure occurred. The use of transvaginal mesh kits may cause previously undescribed complications such as pelvic/vaginal pain or large extrusions requiring complete removal. Removal of all mesh except the arms may cure or significantly improve these problems.
OPERATOR REDUCTION OF THREE-BODY SCATTERING EQUATIONS.

Operator multipliers of the Lippmann-Schwinger (LS) equation are used to obtain an uncoupled equation with calculable and unique solutions. The multiplier method is used as a basis for determining the relation between various formulations of the three-body problem. The formal but calculable solutions of the formulations of Faddeev, Lovelace, Rosenberg, Noble, and Newton are found to be identical in the sense that the different formulations are completely equivalent because they all use the same multiplier. They are also identical to the solution of the equation obtained by multiplying the L-S equation by an operator whose inverse exists. We also present an equation for the exact three-body bound-state wave function and put it into calculable form with the use of a multiplier. In a calculation that uses an incomplete set of basis states (such as in the shell model), we find on rigorous grounds that it is appropriate to use the $t$ operator of the residual interaction rather than the residual interaction itself. To indicate the wide usefulness of the multiplier method, the exact distorted-wave formulation is obtained and put into calculable form with the use of a multiplier.
The Growth of the Gastro-Intestinal Tract of the Human Fetus.:

A quantitative study has been made of the lineal growth of the gastro-intestinal tract in human fetuses, ranging from 2.35 to 37.5 cm. in total or crown-heel length. One hundred and three preserved specimens were available for this study.When the lengths of the stomach as a whole, of the pylorus, of the duodenum and of the appendix are plotted against the total body-length, the values follow the course of a straight line and may be expressed by the general formula:where “D” is the length of the segment of the digestive tract in question, “L” is the total body-length and “a” and “b” are empirically determined constants. The graphs of these relationships are shown in the following figure. The empirical formulae for these dimensions were determined from the 5 cm. interval averages of crown-heel length by the method of means, weighting by the square root of the number of cases.The growth in length of the entire stomach, with respect to total body-length, may be represented by the empirical formula:The mean we...
Ab Initio Study of Reactions of sym-Triazine.

Abstract : Ab initio calculations were performed to investigate reaction mechanisms for formation and decomposition of the six-membered ring C3N3H3, known as sym-triazine. MP2 geometry optimizations with QCISD(T) energy refinements for critical points on the potential energy surface were calculated with the 6-31G**, 6-311++G**, and cc-pVTZ basis sets. Good agreement is found for MP2 geometries and frequencies of sym-triazine and HCN when compared with the corresponding experimental values. Two decomposition mechanisms of sym-triazine, the concerted triple dissociation (sym-triazine right arrow 3 HCN) and the step-wise decomposition (sym-triazine right arrow H2C2N2 + HCN right arrow 3 HCN) were investigated. All calculations show that the lowest-energy decomposition mechanism is the concerted triple dissociation. Our best calculations predict the zero-point-energy-corrected barrier to decomposition to be 81.2 kcal/mol. The calculated reaction enthalpy is 35.5 kcal/mol, 7.7 kcal/mol lower than experiment. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations leading from the transition state of the concerted triple dissociation reaction to three HCN molecules led to a minimum on the potential energy surface. The corresponding structure is a cyclic (HCN)3 cluster. The temperature-corrected formation enthalpy of the cluster is -8.7 kcal/mol relative to three isolated HCN molecules. The zero-point-corrected barrier to formation of sym-triazine from the cluster is 58.1 kcal/mol. QCISD(T) energy refinements did not differ significantly from the MP2 results.
Heme redox potential control in de novo designed four-alpha-helix bundle proteins.

The effects of various mechanisms of metalloporphyrin reduction potential modulation were investigated experimentally using a robust, well-characterized heme protein maquette, synthetic protein scaffold H10A24 [?CH(3)()CONH-CGGGELWKL.HEELLKK.FEELLKL.AEERLKK. L-CONH(2)()?(2)](2). Removal of the iron porphyrin macrocycle from the high dielectric aqueous environment and sequestration within the hydrophobic core of the H10A24 maquette raises the equilibrium reduction midpoint potential by 36-138 mV depending on the hydrophobicity of the metalloporphyrin structure. By incorporating various natural and synthetic metalloporphyrins into a single protein scaffold, we demonstrate a 300-mV range in reduction potential modulation due to the electron-donating/withdrawing character of the peripheral macrocycle substituents. Solution pH is used to modulate the metalloporphyrin reduction potential by 160 mV, regardless of the macrocycle architecture, by controlling the protonation state of the glutamate involved in partial charge compensation of the ferric heme. Attempts to control the reduction potential by inserting charged amino acids into the hydrophobic core at close proximity to the metalloporphyrin lead to varied success, with H10A24-L13E lowering the E(m8.5) by 40 mV, H10A24-E11Q raising it by 50 mV, and H10A24-L13R remaining surprisingly unaltered. Modifying the charge of the adjacent metalloporphyrin, +1 for iron(III) protoporphyrin IX or neutral for zinc(II) protoporphyrin IX resulted in a loss of 70 mV [Fe(III)PPIX](+) - [Fe(III)PPIX](+) interaction observed in maquettes. Using these factors in combination, we illustrate a 435-mV variation of the metalloporphyrin reduction midpoint potential in a simple heme maquette relative to the about 800-mV range observed for natural cytochromes. Comparison between the reduction potentials of the heme maquettes and other de novo designed heme proteins reveals global trends in the E(m) values of synthetic cytochromes.
Simulations of vapor–liquid phase equilibrium and interfacial tension in the CO2–H2O–NaCl system

Direct interfacial molecular dynamics simulations are used to obtain the phase behavior and interfacial tension of CO2–H2O–NaCl mixtures over a broad temperature and pressure range (50°C ≤ T ≤ 250°C, 0 ≤ P ≤ 600 bar) and NaCl concentrations (1–4 mol/kg H2O). The predictive ability of several existing water (SPC and TIP4P2005), carbon dioxide (EPM2 and TraPPE), and sodium chloride (SD and DRVH) models is studied and compared, using conventional Lorentz–Berthelot combining rules for the unlike-pair parameters. Under conditions of moderate NaCl molality (∼1 mol/kg H2O), the predictions of the CO2 solubility in the water-rich and CO2-rich phase resemble those in the CO2–H2O system [Liu et al., J Phys Chem B. 2011;115:6629–6635]. Consistent with our previous work, the TraPPE/TIP4P2005 model combination gives the best overall performance in predicting coexistence composition and pressure in the water-rich phase. Critical assessments are also made on the ranges of temperature and pressure where particular model combinations work better. The dependence of the interfacial tension on temperature and pressure is better predicted by the TraPPE/TIP4P2005 and EPM2/SPC models, whereas the EPM2/TIP4P2005 model overestimates this property by 10–20%, possibly due to the inadequacy of the combining rules. It is also found that the interfacial tension increases with salt concentration, consistent with experimental observations. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3514–3522, 2013
Physicochemical Changes in Alaska Pollock Surimi and Surimi Gel as Affected by Electron Beam

: Alaska pollock surimi and surimi gels (cooked) were subjected to various doses of electron beam (e-beam). Shear stress of surimi gels increased as the dose increased up to 6 to 8 kGy and then decreased. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed gradual degradation of myosin heavy chain as the dose increased. The degradation was slower for frozen samples. The integrity of actin was slightly affected by high doses (25 kGy). The amount of sulfhydryl groups and the level of surface hydrophobicity of Alaska pollock surimi decreased as the dose increased, suggesting formation of disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The sulfhydryl groups and hydrophobicity of surimi gels increased as the dose increased up to 6 kGy and then decreased.
Reverse Stern–Volmer behavior for luminescence quenching in carbon nanoparticles

Photoluminescence properties of carbon nanoparticles from different treatments in various suspensions were evaluated, and the results were in general agreement with those available in the literatur...
Low birth weight is associated with elevated serum lipoprotein(a) in white and black American children ages 5–11 y

Nutritional insults experienced by the mother have a life-long imprint on organ size and function of the fetus. Infant low birth weight (LBW) is one of the consequences of such maternal undernutrition. The physiological consequences of nutritional insults can lead to adverse metabolic consequences after birth, including hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to determine the association and contribution of LBW to serum concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in a representative sample of white and black American children aged 5–11 y. Data (n = 666) from the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used in this investigation. Racial/ethnic-specific trends in mean values of Lp(a) were compared across tertile distribution of birth weight. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine the association of birth weight with Lp(a), controlling for age, sex and sum of four skinfold thicknesses (SUM). A consistent trend of increasing values of Lp(a) with decreasing birth weight emerged for both white and black children (P<0.001). Black children presented with higher values of serum concentrations of Lp(a) at each level of birth weight distributions than white children (P<0.01). Black race/ethnicity was associated with ∼0.4 mg/dl greater serum concentration of Lp(a) than white, adjusting for birth weight, age, sex and SUM (P<0.001). LBW sub-population in black children appeared to be relevant to elevated Lp(a) concentration, while a similar scenario did not appear in white children. Since interactions between in utero factors and risk exposures after birth are likely, definitive studies evaluating these interactions are warranted.
Visual detection of UV cues by adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Visual sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light is widespread in the animal kingdom. Many studies on UV vision have utilized physiological and/or anatomical methods to determine whether animals are visually sensitive to UV wavelengths. However, ultimately behavioral methods can reveal whether retinal UV sensitivity results in perceptual detection of UV stimuli. For the widely studied zebrafish (Danio rerio), the adult retina possesses cone photoreceptors that are sensitive to UV light. Here, we used a behavioral technique, the escape response assay, to test whether adult zebrafish can visually detect and behaviorally respond to visual cues that reflect UV. We found that adult zebrafish robustly respond to UV reflecting cues under UV light while showing no responses to the same cues under no UV light. From our results, we confirm that adult zebrafish can visually detect UV reflecting cues and show that UV perceptual sensitivity is functional in adult zebrafish. Our study highlights the utility of the fish escape response assay for UV visual behavior research.
Determination of Antenna Q from the Reflection-Coefficient Data [Antenna Designer's Notebook]

Equivalent circuits containing frequency-variable radiation resistances are postulated for small monopole and small loop antennas above a ground plane. The equivalent circuits are valid below the first natural resonance frequency. By adding an external series inductance or a parallel capacitance, the antenna's Q is evaluated with the use of an invariant form for the reflection coefficient. The antenna's Q obtained this way accurately predicts the maximum obtainable bandwidth for either a single- or double-tuned matched antenna. At frequencies above the first resonance, the Q is evaluated by approximating the impedance or the reflection coefficient with polynomials within a narrow frequency range.
Integrating Social Justice Training Into the Practicum Experience for Psychology Trainees: Starting Earlier

Calls from the psychological literature have highlighted a need for the integration of social justice training in both didactic and fieldwork practicum experiences in professional psychology. This article presents concrete strategies for practicum instructors and applied fieldwork training site staff to integrate social justice work into practicum experiences. The authors review current scholarship on social justice training, identify foundational principles of social justice and recommendations for teaching social justice in applied training facilities, and apply these principles and recommendations to practicum experiences. Learning activities and evaluation methods are identified and presented, and recommendations for integration of these methods for teaching psychology trainees are underscored.
The Aerodynamic Forces on an Oscillating Airfoil at Supersonic Speeds

The pressure distribution over an oscillating, thin airfoil of infinite span advancing at a supersonic speed is calculated by integrating the disturbances due to an appropriate distribution of sources over the forepart of the Mach cone for the point at which the pressure is desired. The result is expressed in terms of a Green's function giving the pressure at any point on the airfoil due to unit harmonic velocity at any other point on the airfoil. The lift and mid-chord moment due to plunging and pitching are expressed> in terms of four complex coefficients Aaa, Aah, Aca, and Ack which coefficients are functions of the reduced frequency (Jk) and the Mach Number (M). Asymptotic results are given for both small k and large M. The results are plotted for M = 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, and 2 and for k = 0 to. 1.5. They are found to agree with the previous work of Possio (numerically) and Borbely (analytically). The results of Theodorsen for M = 0 and those of Possio for M = 0.7 are given for purposes of comparison.
An introspective glance into damage assessment: challenges and lessons learned from the Paso Robles (San Simeon) earthquake

This paper underscores the importance of damage assessment and recognizes the direct effect it has on post-disaster response and recovery operations. The paper first explores the literature on this subject, including the history, types, methods, and problems relating to damage assessment. After discussing the employed research methodology, the paper uses the Paso Robles (San Simeon, California) earthquake as a case study to illustrate the challenges and successes with regard to damage assessment. Logistics, politics, information management, coordination, preparedness, and other topics are discussed in this section. The paper concludes with lessons and opportunities for research and its application.
Composite rebars shape effect in reinforced structures

The effect of composite rebar's shape in reinforced concrete beam type structures is investigated through finite element analysis in this paper. Steel rebars are being replaced with composite rebars due to their better ability to resist corrosion in reinforced concrete structures for many infrastructure applications. A variety of composite rebar shapes can be obtained through the pultrusion process. It will be interesting to investigate their shape on various stiffnesses and interface stresses. In this study, four different composite rebar shapes are investigated under axial, bending and torsional loadings. The results of stiffness and interface stresses obtained are presented and compared for the different composite rebar shapes. Based on the results obtained, a circular rebar with 6 square ribs with 1° offset offers the best configuration under axial and torsional loadings.
Snow on silk: layering NodeOS functionality on conventional operating systems

Transferring active networking technology from the research arena to everyday deployment on desktop and edge router nodes, requires a NodeOS design that simultaneously meets three goals: (1) be embedded within a wide-spread, open source operating system; (2) allow non-active applications and regular operating system operation to proceed in a regular manner, unhindered by the active networking component; (3) offer performance competitive with that of networking stacks of general purpose operating systems. Previous NodeOS systems, Bowman, Janos, AMP and Scout, only partially addressed these goals. Our contribution lies in the design and implementation of such a system, a NodeOS within the Linux kernel, and the demonstration of competitive performance for medium and larger packet sizes. The underlying approach to our NodeOS design is to provide a mapping from the existing system components and interfaces, to ones we architected for incorporating the active networking functionality. We also illustrate how such an interface-focused design easily renders to the deployment of other networking architectures, such as peer-to-peer networks and extensible routers.
Simultaneous bilateral thalamic hemorrhages following the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator

A patient suffered the onset of simultaneous bilateral thalamic hemorrhage several hours after the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. The patient exhibited features of the paramedian diencephalic syndrome, including executive dysfunction, anterograde amnesia, inattention, and disturbances of visual perception. During rehabilitation, she made significant gains in overlearned activities of daily living tasks, but her inability to retain new information left her severely disabled. The use of intravenous thrombolytic therapy is believed to account for this patient's unusual stroke syndrome. With recent evidence supporting the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke, patients with multiple hemorrhagic strokes as a result of thrombolysis may become more common on rehabilitation services.
Dangerous tendencies in iodine therapy

Abstract 1. 1. Immediate steps should be taken by health authorities to warn the public of the dangers of self-administration of iodine. 2. 2. Before using iodine in goiter, physicians should acquaint themselves with the indications as brought out in many contributions by leading authorities. 3. 3. Health agencies should limit themselves to prophylaxis and leave the treatment of existing goiters to the personal supervision of a private physician.
Influence of Advanced Age on the Formation and Elimination of Acetaminophen Metabolites by Male Rats

The effects of aging on acetaminophen metabolism and elimination in male Fischer 344 rats were examined after intravenous injection of 300 mg/kg. Age as a variable had only a small effect on the total clearance of acetaminophen. However, the fraction of administered dose recovered from urine as acetaminophen sulfate and the partial clearance to acetaminophen sulfate decreased while the fraction recovered as acetaminophen glucuronide and the partial clearance to acetaminophen glucuronide increased with increasing age. Renal clearances of acetaminophen and acetaminophen glucuronide were unchanged while that of acetaminophen sulfate decreased. These data point to an age-related decrease in sulfation and increase in glucuronidation of acetaminophen and further emphasize that the major conjugated metabolites are excreted by renal transport processes that operate under separate control. Moreover, they raise the possibility that advancing age may be accompanied by a general decline in processes that govern sulfate conjugate formation and elimination.
Development of an online citrate/Ca2+ sensing system for dialysis

An online citrate and Ca2+ sensing system based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) is developed as a safety module for hemodialysis. Host 1 displays high affinity towards citrate, and was selected for this study owing to its unique structural features. The o-aminomethylphenylboronic moiety can effectively interact with the α-hydroxycarboxylate moiety of citrate and the remaining two guanidiniums may further stabilize the complex viahydrogen bonds. Fura-2 chelates to Ca2+ with a high selectivity and affinity and was utilized in this study for Ca2+ measurements. The citrate sensing chemistry via an indicator displacement assay is orthogonal to the Ca2+ sensing chemistry, and the use of sophisticated chemometrics is not required for data analysis. The citrate and Ca2+ concentrations in dialysate samples are measured with the developed SIA system. The obtained citrate concentrations were verified via a commercially available enzymatic assay and an NMR method, respectively, while the Ca2+ concentrations were verified via atomic absorption.
The perceptual fate of letters in two kinds of apparent movement displays

Two experiments investigated the importance of figurai relationships among stimulus elements in the determination of the kind of motion perceived in bistable apparentovement displays. Stimulus frames containing the words MITE and ITEM were constructed in such a way that the letters I, T, and E appeared in corresponding locations while the M was in disparate locations between frames. When the frames were alternated with a 20-msec ISI, observers maintained local figurai identity in their percepts of apparent movement. However, when the frames were alternated with an 80-msec ISI, observers reported apparent movement of the entire groups of letters and thereby ignored figurai relationships in their percepts of apparent movement. In a second experiment, it was found that figurai nonidentity between elements of successive frames always resulted in apparent movement of a perceptual group or “blob” regardless of ISI. It is suggested that short-range apparent-movement percepts rely strongly upon figurai identity among corresponding stimulus elements, whereas long-range apparent-movement percepts do not.
Alteration of the Midpoint Potential and Catalytic Activity of the Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein by Changes of Amino Acids Forming Hydrogen Bonds to the Iron-Sulfur Cluster

The crystal structure of the bovine Rieske iron-sulfur protein indicates a sulfur atom (S-1) of the iron-sulfur cluster and the sulfur atom (Sgamma) of a cysteine residue that coordinates one of the iron atoms form hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl groups of Ser-163 and Tyr-165, respectively. We have altered the equivalent Ser-183 and Tyr-185 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rieske iron-sulfur protein by site-directed mutagenesis of the iron-sulfur protein gene to examine how these hydrogen bonds affect the midpoint potential of the iron-sulfur cluster and how changes in the midpoint potential affect the activity of the enzyme. Eliminating the hydrogen bond from the hydroxyl group of Ser-183 to S-1 of the cluster lowers the midpoint potential of the cluster by 130 mV, and eliminating the hydrogen bond from the hydroxyl group of Tyr-185 to Sgamma of Cys-159 lowers the midpoint potential by 65 mV. Eliminating both hydrogen bonds has an approximately additive effect, lowering the midpoint potential by 180 mV. Thus, these hydrogen bonds contribute significantly to the positive midpoint potential of the cluster but are not essential for its assembly. The activity of the bc1 complex decreases with the decrease in midpoint potential, confirming that oxidation of ubiquinol by the iron-sulfur protein is the rate-limiting partial reaction in the bc1 complex, and that the rate of this reaction is extensively influenced by the midpoint potential of the iron-sulfur cluster.
Dihydrobis(4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl)borate, [Bp4CN], a Functionalized Heteroscorpionate Ligand with Cross-Linking Potential†

Dihydrobis(4-cyanopyrazol-1-yl)borate, Bp4CN, the first example of a polypyrazolylborate ligand capable of intermolecular cross-linking, was synthesized. It forms chelates as a bidentate ligand but retains additional coordinating ability through the two 4-CN groups, leading to polymeric structures in M[Bp4CN]2 complexes or in the heteroleptic Co[Bp4CN][TpCy]. These −CN cross-links are broken by DMF, and the octahedral complexes M[Bp4CN]2(DMF)2 (M = Zn, Co) were structurally characterized. No −CN coordination was found in Rh[Bp4CN](COD) or in the sterically hindered heteroleptic complex Co[Bp4CN][TpNp], which contained five-coordinate cobalt.
Perilous Polities? An Assessment of the Democratization-Conflict Linkage

While evidence continues to mount that democracies resort to military force reluctantly, the transition to democracy may in fact be a dangerous and conflictual one. Given the emphasis now being put on democratization, a reassessment of the relationship between the stability of domestic institutions and interstate conflict seems fitting. To date, the evidence remains mixed. No clear consensus has emerged on whether regime transition either increases or decreases conflict propensities. Employing a logit specification with splines and robust standard errors, this research analyzes the conflict behavior of transitioning states for the 1950‐2000 period. The results indicate that ‘rocky’ transitions or democratic reversals increase the likelihood of conflict occurrence. I demonstrate, however, that this result is driven by the conflict behavior of autocratizing countries. An interaction term shows that although regime change itself may increase conflict propensities, such exacerbating effects are reversed for democratizing states.
Becoming Mughal in the Nineteenth Century: The Case of the Bhopal Princely State

In 1861, Nawab Sikandar Begum, the female ruler of Bhopal, toured Northern India for six months. The journey and its narration in the Taj al-iqbal (1873) were part of a broader project of princely self-fashioning aimed at both indigenous and British audiences. Taking the example of the Begums of Bhopal, this article engages with debates about travel and its relevance to the emergence of a nationalist imaginary, but also of its continuity with alternative visions in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The paper draws upon the insights of revisionist literature on princely states, which stress that princes at the mercy of British power nevertheless remained figures of indigenous authority, retaining a precarious autonomy in their territories. The Begums of Bhopal were able to turn their status as ‘loyalists’ towards consolidating a ‘Mughal’ aesthetic by recruiting artists, scholars and poets to underscore the state's autonomy.
Reversible white-light actuation of carbon nanotube incorporated liquid crystalline elastomer nanocomposites

We present single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) incorporated liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) nanocomposites that demonstrate strong, reversible photoactuation. The matrix nematic LCE material possesses reversible thermal deformation, while SWCNTs perform photothermal energy conversion and local heat dissipation upon irradiation. The resultant SWCNT–LCE nanocomposites exhibit effective photoactuation not only by infrared (IR) irradiation, but also white light with an intensity on the order of 100 mW cm−2. Rapid and reversible photo-induced strain was observed. The nanocomposite films contracted up to one third of the original length in several seconds under the irradiation of white light, and recovered to the original length in several seconds after the light source was switched off. Moreover, the nematic–isotropic transition temperatures of the SWCNT–LCE nanocomposites were evidently lower than that of the blank LCE by up to 19 °C.
GENERAL SYSTEMS PROBLEM SOLVING: A Basis for Systemic Knowledge Engineering

Abstract Starting with the systemic models and formalisms of George Klir [1969,1989] a new approach to knowledge engineering has been developed, which is appropriately called Systemic Knowledge Engineering. In the 1970's Robert Orchard supplemented Klir's models with his own Problem Solving Roadmap, a morphological grid used to model human problem solving. This approach has led us to develop models of knowledge on a hierarchy of meta-levels providing a powerful way to represent complex knowledge. In this paper we trace the development of Systemic Knowledge Engineering until the present. We then describe some of the latest research efforts, showing how the approach is being used to model cooperative problem solving. We also describe some seminal research being done in automated knowledge translation
Growth hormone in health and disease: Biological markers of tissue-specific effects of GH therapy.

Different genes are potentially activated in lean and adipose tissue in response to recombinant human growth hormone (GH) or its mediator, insulin-like growth factor 1. Decker and colleagues now present evidence that levels of circulating protein markers give clues about the biological efficacy of GH therapy in various body tissue compartments.