cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direction reversals in the mechanical signature of cellular snacks : A measure of brittleness?

The "mechanical signatures" of brittle cellular foods are known to be irregular and irreproducible. Nevertheless, their degree of jaggedness is remarkably similar and can be a measure of such foods' brittleness and perceived crunchiness/crispiness. An irregular curve's "jaggedness" is manifested by frequent direction reversals. Hence, their number can serve as a jaggedness's index. Counting the number of direction reversals in a digitized force-displacement curve can be done with a simple algorithm, implemented in any general-purpose software. The number of direction reversals is strongly correlated with the signature's apparent fractal dimension. It is also a reproducible enough parameter to monitor the loss of brittleness in snacks as a result of moisture sorption. This measure of jaggedness, however, is inapplicable to smooth force-displacement curves because in such records, the small random force fluctuations produced by the digitizing process can create a false impression of "jaggedness." Although a correction for this artifact can be introduced into the program, its utility is doubtful.
Component- vs. application-level MVC architecture

We describe our approach to teaching the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture for GUI applications. Swing adopts MVC at component level. We use it as a case study to illustrate features of MVC and also help students learn to use the tool for programming projects. To encourage them to see beyond a specific tool, we assign students a project to build a domain-specific framework for GUI applications using MVC at application level. This project allows students to learn hands on the MVC architecture as well as other design techniques in a new context. Our two-semester experience shows that a tool-based case study with a follow-up effort as such is productive in teaching practical design techniques.
Organizational Factors and Bad News Reporting on Troubled IT Projects

An individual’s reluctance to report bad news about a troubled IT project has been found to be an important contributor to project failure. While there are a variety of factors influencing the reluctance to report, prior IS research has mainly focused on situational factors rather than personal and organizational factors. In this paper, we examine the effects of certain organizational factors on an individual’s reporting behavior within the rubric of the basic whistle-blowing model adapted from Dozier and Miceli (1985). Specifically, we investigate how organizational structures/policies and managerial practices affect the organizational climate of silence. This study also examines how the climate of silence interacts with the three decision steps in the basic whistle-blowing model.
Characterization of colloidal hematite particle shape and dispersion behavior

An elliptically polarized light scattering (EPLS) technique for the size and shape characterization of ellipsoidal hematite particles is presented. The hematite particles are synthesized by aging aqueous FeCl3 or Fe(NO3)3 solutions at 100 ◦ C. Different reaction conditions create particles of aspect ratios between 1 (spherical) and 8 (elongated). Cross-sectional diameter and aspect ratio are observed as a function of reaction (aging) time. Growth of the elongated particles, as well as their fractal aggregation behavior, is characterized using EPLS and comparisons are made with photon correlation spectroscopy and TEM measurements.
BDNF Induction of Tryptophan Hydroxylase mRNA Levels in the Rat Brain

We have previously demonstrated an augmentation of serotonergic activity within various brain areas following infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) into the midbrain near the periaqueductal gray and dorsal and median raphe nuclei (PAG/DR). However, the mechanism of this BDNF-induced modulatory effect on serotonergic systems was unclear. The aim of the present work was to study the regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) mRNA levels after chronic BDNF administration in vivo. TPH mRNA levels were measured using a quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) assay. A significant increase in the expression of TPH mRNA (13-fold) was found within the PAG/DR as early as 24 hr after onset of BDNF infusion and was sustained throughout the duration of infusion (11 days). This was accompanied by increased serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels and decreased nociceptive responsiveness assessed by tail-flick latency. BDNF induction of TPH mRNA levels was also observed in a serotonergic cell line derived from raphe neurons, indicating that BDNF can directly regulate TPH mRNA levels. These results suggest that BDNF augments 5-HT synthesis in vivo by directly enhancing steady-state TPH mRNA levels, and subsequently leading to marked behavioral alterations. J. Neurosci. Res. 52:149‐158, 1998. r 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Statistical Script Learning with Multi-Argument Events

Scripts represent knowledge of stereotypical event sequences that can aid text understanding. Initial statistical methods have been developed to learn probabilistic scripts from raw text corpora; however, they utilize a very impoverished representation of events, consisting of a verb and one dependent argument. We present a script learning approach that employs events with multiple arguments. Unlike previous work, we model the interactions between multiple entities in a script. Experiments on a large corpus using the task of inferring held-out events (the “narrative cloze evaluation”) demonstrate that modeling multi-argument events improves predictive accuracy.
CLOMP: accurately characterizing OpenMP application overheads

Despite its ease of use, OpenMP has failed to gainwidespread use on large scale systems, largely due to its failure to deliversufficient performance. Our experience indicates that the cost ofinitiating OpenMP regions is simply too high for the desired OpenMPusage scenario of many applications. In this paper, we introduce CLOMP,a new benchmark to characterize this aspect of OpenMP implementationsaccurately. CLOMP complements the existing EPCC benchmarksuite to provide simple, easy to understand measurements of OpenMPoverheads in the context of application usage scenarios. Our results forseveral OpenMP implementations demonstrate that CLOMP identifiesthe amount of work required to compensate for the overheads observedwith EPCC. Further, we show that CLOMP also captures limitations forOpenMP parallelization on NUMA systems.
Compression of volumetric data using 3D Delaunay triangulation

In this paper we present a new method for lossy compression of volumetric data that is based on data dependent triangulation. We have extended an approach that has previously been successfully applied in the case of two dimensional images. In our method we first select significant points in the data, and using them, a three dimensional Delaunay triangulation is created. The tetrahedrons existing in the triangulation are used as cells for a linear interpolation spline that gives an approximation of the original image. The compression is done by storing the positions and values of the nodes of the tetrahedrons instead of the entire data set. We compare our compression technique to JPG 2000 3D which is a de-facto standard for compression of volumetric data. Tests are done on different classes of data sets, on which we compare the bits per voxel needed to achieve the same level of peak signal to noise ration. We show that our algorithm performs significantly different than wavelet based compression, as in the implementation of JPG 2000 3D, and in case of data that is smooth outperforms it.
Preeclampsia, Placental Insufficiency, and Autism Spectrum Disorder or Developmental Delay

Importance Increasing evidence suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and many forms of developmental delay (DD) originate during fetal development. Preeclampsia may trigger aberrant neurodevelopment through placental, maternal, and fetal physiologic mechanisms. Objective To determine whether preeclampsia is associated with ASD and/or DD. Design, Setting, and Participants The Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) study is a population-based, case-control investigation of ASD and/or DD origins. Children from 20 California counties aged 24 to 60 months at the time of recruitment and living in catchment areas with a biological parent fluent in English or Spanish were enrolled from January 29, 2003, through April 7, 2011. Children with ASD (n = 517) and DD (n = 194) were recruited through the California Department of Developmental Services, the Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, and referrals. Controls with typical development (TD) (n = 350) were randomly selected from birth records and frequency matched on age, sex, and broad geographic region. Physicians diagnosing preeclampsia were masked to neurodevelopmental outcome, and those assessing neurodevelopmental function were masked to preeclampsia status. Exposures Preeclampsia and placental insufficiency were self-reported and abstracted from medical records. Main Outcomes and Measures The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised were used to confirm ASD, whereas children with DD and TD were confirmed by Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and were free of autistic symptoms. Hypotheses were formulated before data collection. Results Children with ASD were twice as likely to have been exposed in utero to preeclampsia as controls with TD after adjustment for maternal educational level, parity, and prepregnancy obesity (adjusted odds ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.18-4.68); risk increased with greater preeclampsia severity (test for trend, P = .02). Placental insufficiency appeared responsible for the increase in DD risk associated with severe preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, 5.49; 95% CI, 2.06-14.64). Conclusions and Relevance Preeclampsia, particularly severe disease, is associated with ASD and DD. Faulty placentation manifests in the mother as preeclampsia with vascular damage, enhanced systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance; in the placenta as oxygen and nutrient transfer restriction and oxidative stress; and in the fetus as growth restriction and progressive hypoxemia. All are potential mechanisms for neurodevelopmental compromise.
Review of EUS-guided pancreatic duct drainage (with video).

It is postulated that abdominal pain in chronic pancreatitis results from obstruction to the flow of pancreatic juice, which causes pancreatic-duct hypertension and increased pancreatic parenchymal pressure. ERCP is considered by most experts to be the first-line treatment modality for management of obstructive chronic pancreatitis, given its high rate of technical success, low rate of procedural morbidity, and the minimally invasive nature of the technique. Surgery is recommended when ERCP is technically unsuccessful or if endotherapy fails for the patient or when repeated interventions are warranted. Recently, for patients with an obstructive main pancreatic duct from chronic pancreatitis and other benign causes, EUS has been advocated as an alternative treatment measure when ERCP is unsuccessful. The objective of this review is to (1) outline the rationale for EUS-guided pancreatic-duct drainage, (2) detail the procedural technique, and (3) evaluate the clinical outcomes and limitations of the technique.
Sexual Victimization Among Male College Students: Assault Severity, Sexual Functioning, and Health Risk Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between college men’s sexual victimization experiences, engagement in a number of health risk behaviors, and sexual functioning. The study also examined sexual victimization by assault severity categories and utilized a multiitem, behaviorally specific, gender-neutral measure. Three hundred and two male college students were recruited for the current study from a midsized Midwestern university. Of these men, 51.2% reported at least one sexual victimization experience since age 16. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results suggested that male sexual victimization is related to increased weekly alcohol consumption, increased problematic drinking behaviors, increased tobacco use, increased sexual risk-taking behaviors, and increased number of reported sexual functioning difficulties. Each of these problematic behaviors was greater among those who reported rape compared to no victimization, and some differences were also found in relation to the sexual contact and sexual coercion groups. These findings have important implications in sexual assault prevention and risk-reduction programming.
The inherent error in passive microwave rainfall estimation as inferred from the TRMM data

Analyses of data collected by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) microwave imager (TMI) and precipitation radar (PR) show that the radiometric responses to rainfall profiles are sensitive to spatial inhomogeneities within the sensor field of view (FOV). The uncertainty, the so-called beam-filling error, is associated with the variability in horizontal and vertical rainfall structures within a sensor FOV coupled to the non-linear relationship between brightness temperature (Tb) and rain rate (R). This study classifies the beam-filling error as an inherent error because the sensor itself has the non-unique radiometric signatures associated with the rainfall inhomogeneity. The specific forward models hardly overcome the error inherent in the sensor. It is also shown that lower resolution retrievals are less sensitive to the inherent error than the retrievals at higher resolutions due to the less non-linearity in the Tb-R relationship at lower resolutions.
PANMED: a multidisciplinary approach to televised continuing education for health professionals.

Colleges and the professional organizations of medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health groups in Kentucky joined in sponsoring televised programs of continuing education for health professionals. The series, entitled PANMED, began in October 1969. Results of a survey, conducted after four programs were televised, seem to support a previous study in which it was reported that 12% of the state’s dentists attend continuing education courses; only 13% watched the televised programs dealing with dentistry.
Labor Movements and Dictatorships: The Southern Cone in Comparative Perspective

A comparative study of the experience of working-class movements under capitalist authoritarian regimes from the 1920s to the 1990s. This text offers a series of extended country studies - on Uruguay, Chile and Argentina - set against a larger comparative context that includes Portugal, Spain, Greece and Brazil, all of which experienced similar transitions into and out of authoritarianism. In these countries , the author explains, labour movements advocating far-reaching political, economic, and social reforms were met by authoritarian governments determined to preserve capitalism and erase any hope of socialism. The autocrats imposed antiworker economic structures, institutional rules and political prohibitions. They succeeded in breaking labour in the short run, he concludes, but their efforts ultimately failed. A work of historical perspective and synthesis, the book tells the story of how workers' organizations around the world suffered, subverted, and survived the tyrants.
The Acceptability of Online Courses as Criteria for Admission to Medical School

A national survey of medical school admissions administrators was used to assess the acceptability of applicants' qualifications that included degrees earned partly online, partly in a community college, or in a traditional program. A questionnaire was sent from The Florida State University in 2007 to admissions administrators in the 125 accredited allopathic medical schools in the United States. In each of three situations, the respondents were asked to select one of two hypothetical applicants to invite for an interview. The applicants with their coursework taken in a traditional-residential setting were overwhelmingly preferred over the applicant holding the degree earned partly online. Further analysis indicated that online courses were perceived as not presenting sufficient opportunity for students to develop important social skills through interaction with other students and mentors.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill adults in the emergency department: history, current applications, and future directions

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a mode of extracorporeal life support that augments oxygenation, ventilation and/or cardiac output via cannulae connected to a circuit that pumps blood through an oxygenator and back into the patient. ECMO has been used for decades to support cardiopulmonary disease refractory to conventional therapy. While not robust, there are promising data for the use of ECMO in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock and the potential indications for ECMO continue to increase. This review discusses the existing literature on the potential use of ECMO in critically ill patients within the emergency department.
Salivary Glands and Oral Cavity

There are three distinct pairs of major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual. Minor salivary glands are scattered in the lips, buccal mucosa, palate, and tongue. The major salivary glands are lobulated structures comprising lobules separated by fibrous connective tissue (Fig. 3.1 A).
The Illusions of Power

This paper examines the effects of performance feedback and slack on the dominant coalitionâ€™s control of organizational choices. We contend that organizational influence is shaped by the forces o...
Introduction: Women, Addiction, and the Double Standard

Women in Narcotics Anonymous (NA) bring to recovery the stigma they have perceived and the shame they have felt as female drug addicts. The gendered double standard that women experience based primarily on their reproductive capacity makes confronting their addiction even more problematic in recovery as compared to their male counterparts. Social policy and treatment options, too, unwittingly add to the stigma and shame that women experience as addicts. NA, however, offers an opportunity through its Twelve Steps for female addicts to work through both stigma and shame once in recovery.
Taking Stock of SIM: Social Issues in Management Division of the Academy of Management:

This essay articulates two aspects of a changing Social Issues in Management (SIM) Division of the Academy of Management (AOM). First, the essay highlights the ways in which SIM’s central focus has...
Potentiation of Reactive Oxygen Species Is a Marker for Synergistic Cytotoxicity of MS-275 and 5-Azacytidine in Leukemic Cells.

Abstract Epigenetic therapy, the reversal of aberrant epigenetic changes in tumor cells such as the silencing of tumor suppressor genes through means of DNA hypomethylation and histone deacetylation, has become a successful new mode for cancer treatment. Classes of drugs such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors are currently being used to target these epigenetic changes. Recently, numerous studies supporting the combination of HDACi and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors have emerged, encouraging early clinical trials of these agents together. MS-275 is a novel and highly active benzamide derivative HDACi that has exhibited in vivo and in vitro anti-proliferative activity toward pancreatic, gastric, lung, and ovarian cancer cells. In addition, MS-275 has been evaluated in Phase I/II clinical trials to treat acute leukemias and solid tumors. 5-azacytidine (Vidaza), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, has been shown to reactivate tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes through the hypomethylation of cytosines and is used for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here we show that MS-275 and 5-azacytidine display synergistic cytotoxicity in AML and ALL (acute lymphocyctic leukemia) cells. Loss of cell viability was increased in a synergistic manner in Jurkat and ML-1 cells treated with the combination of MS-275 and 5-azacytidine. Synergy was assessed using isobologram analysis employed by Calcusyn software. Quantitation of several distinct biochemical apoptotic events, such as DNA fragmentation, phosphotidylserine exposure and caspase-3 activity, also indicated synergistic interactions between MS-275 and 5-azacytidine. Hyperacetylation of histone H3 was also measurably stronger in cells treated with the combination versus either drug alone. Interestingly, intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, also increased in a dose dependent and synergistic manner. Since this is a novel marker for this synergism in ALL cells, our data suggest that assessment of oxidative stress can serve as a marker of the concerted action of MS-275 and 5-azacytidine. Recent results from a clinical trial combining MS-275 and 5-azacytidine suggest that the hypomethylation of certain tumor suppressor genes, such as p15, CDH-1, DAPK-1 and SOCS-1, did not correlate with clinical response in myeloid malignancy patients. Thus, identifying new biological markers for clinical activity of these compounds will assist the development of these epigenetic strategies.
Seasonally transported aerosol layers over southeast Atlantic are closer to underlying clouds than previously reported

From June to October, low-level clouds in the Southeast (SE) Atlantic often underlie seasonal aerosol layers transported from African continent. Previously, the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) 532 nm lidar observations have been used to estimate the relative vertical location of the above-cloud aerosols (ACA) to the underlying clouds. Here, we show new observations from NASA's Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar. Two seasons of CATS 1064 nm observations reveal that the bottom of the ACA layer is much lower than previously estimated based on CALIPSO 532nm observations. For about 60% of CATS nighttime ACA scenes, the aerosol layer base is within 360 m distance to the top of the underlying cloud. Our results are important for future studies of the microphysical indirect and semi-direct effects of ACA in the SE Atlantic region.
INSIGHTS INTO BUILDING UP WRITING SKILLS FOR NAVAL STUDENTS. A STUDY CASE AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY OF CONSTANTA

Abstract . This paper collects the outcomes of a research study regarding the possibilities to develop cadets’ writing skills for Stanag 6001, level 2 exam at the Naval Academy of Constanta (NAC) that was conducted within the Sectoral Plan of Research and Development (PSCD - 147) during 2015-2016. It was a two-fold study based on the identification of the types of errors that had been most frequently made in the writing paper for Stanag level 2, and on the remedial actions that should be taken to improve students’ writing skills. As such, this study is significant as it includes the error analysis in a Stanag learning context, and its objectives are to: explore the weak areas of students language use in written form; highlight the importance of giving error analysis-based feedback to the students; provide various strategies for both language teachers and learners to use in language classes; facilitate the teachers in their teaching by adopting different methodologies and materials for making their teaching more effective.
Prestin as an Otologic Biomarker of Cisplatin Ototoxicity in a Guinea Pig Model

Objective To evaluate (1) whether changes in serum prestin aid in early detection of cisplatin ototoxicity, (2) the role of diltiazem as an otoprotectant, and (3) whether prestin levels are sensitive to effects of diltiazem. Study Design Experimental animal study. Setting Translational research laboratory. Subjects Twenty female guinea pigs. Methods Two groups of 10 guinea pigs were used. The relationship between serum prestin levels and auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds was compared between the groups. All animals had baseline blood draws and ABR thresholds recorded prior to cisplatin administration. Intraperitoneal cisplatin bolus (8 mg/kg) was administered followed by 5 consecutive days of intratympanic (IT) diltiazem (2 mg/kg) or sham IT-saline injection. Serum prestin levels and ABR thresholds were measured at days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 postcisplatin. Results In sham, IT-saline-treated animals, mean prestin levels were elevated above baseline on days 1 to 7. The prestin levels were significantly elevated from baseline on day 1 ( P < .001), while significant ABR threshold elevations did not occur until day 2 ( P = .028) for click-evoked ABRs and day 3 ( P = .041) for tones. In diltiazem-treated animals, prestin levels were not elevated above baseline but ABR thresholds were elevated on days 1 to 3. However, the thresholds returned toward baseline on days 7 and 14. Conclusion Changes in serum prestin levels were detectable prior to shifts in ABR thresholds in a guinea pig cisplatin ototoxicity model. These changes did not occur in diltiazem-treated animals. Prestin may serve as a biomarker of cochlear injury that is sensitive to therapeutic interventions in cisplatin ototoxicity.
Constant attack on T cell lymphomas

A proof-of-principle study generates CAR-T cells against T cell lymphoma by selectively targeting the T cell receptor β-chain constant region 1.
A Dilatometric Study of Tempering Complemented by Mössbauer Spectroscopy and other Characterization Techniques.

A new approach for non-isothermal tempering analysis utilizing dilatometry is proposed and was carried out on a medium carbon steel with high silicon and additions of Mo and V for secondary hardening. The method includes a second non-isothermal step performed with the same heating rate (2 °C/min) used for the first step in order to create a baseline for analysis. The results were correlated with several other characterization techniques. Mossbauer spectroscopy confirmed the formation of transition carbides by auto-tempering as well as the presence of retained austenite decomposition (stage II) and cementite precipitation (stage III), which demonstrated significant overlap. Electrical resistivity measurements were correlated with dislocation densities obtained through X-ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron microscopy dark field images confirmed the secondary hardening assessment from dilatometry.
Hound: Causal Learning for Datacenter-scale Straggler Diagnosis

Stragglers are exceptionally slow tasks within a job that delay its completion. Stragglers, which are uncommon within a single job, are pervasive in datacenters with many jobs. We present Hound, a statistical machine learning framework that infers the causes of stragglers from traces of datacenter-scale jobs. Hound is designed to achieve several objectives: datacenter-scale diagnosis, unbiased inference, interpretable models, and computational efficiency. We demonstrate Hound's capabilities for a production trace from Google's warehouse-scale datacenters and two Spark traces from Amazon EC2 clusters.
Conceptualizing Thai Genderscapes: Transformation and Continuity in the Thai Sex/Gender System

In Thailand, genderscapes, or the terrain of gender and sexuality, continue to evolve quickly, with alternative genders proliferating. I argue that genderscapes provide a provisional conceptualization of contemporary Thai gender and sexuality. The lines between tom : woman : kathoey : gay : man are neither clear nor fixed, but coalesce around these five key formations. These categories are grounded via the repetition and ritualization of routine practices in everyday life as they appear to others but also remain fluid in that gender performances exceed their intentions and interpretations. Genderscapes also account for historical transformations and the localization of foreign influences. Local gender variation, rather than being usurped by modern Western forms, continues to expand. Furthermore, genderscapes remain flexible to the social positioning and ideological stances of individuals. In this chapter, I underscore that genderscapes are inhabited and conditioned by one’s class position and shaped by social evaluation and moral legitimacy.
Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhances growth of Litchi chinensis Sonn. trees after propagation by air-layering

Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is typically propagated by air-layering mature tree branches which are potted in fertilized, soil-free media after cutting. The size of these branches, low phosphorus retention by pot substrates, and fertilization all might combine to preclude benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizas to lychee. In order to examine the potential of lychee to benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizas in an agriculturally realistic context, lychee air-layers were grown for 469 days in ca. 95-l pots of soil-free substrate inoculated with field-collected arbuscular mycorrhizal roots or not at two different levels of phosphorus fertilization. High phosphorus fertilization (a one-time addition of ca. 1.32 g l−1 slow-release triple-superphosphate) had no detectable effects on mycorrhiza formation, lychee survival, net CO2 assimilation, or growth. Inoculation with indigenous South Florida arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improved leaflet expansion as early as 120 days after inoculation, and subsequently enhanced height growth and leaf production but did not affect stem diameter growth, net CO2 assimilation, or survival. At harvest, although mycorrhizal colonization was low (average 7.4% colonized root length), mycorrhizal plants had 39% higher above-ground dry weight than control plants. Below-ground dry weights did not differ, but inoculated plants had lower fine root to leaf dry weight ratios than control plants. Leaflets of inoculated plants had higher concentrations of P, K, Cu, and Zn, and lower concentrations of Ca, Mg, and Mn than those of control plants, but total Kjeldahl nitrogen and iron concentrations did not differ significantly 10 months after inoculation. Mycorrhiza enhancement of lychee growth occurred even though phosphorus clearly was not limiting for growth. Our observations suggest that in this soil-free medium, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus enhancement of copper and iron nutrition improved lychee growth.
Space Walking

We propose an interactive method for exploring topological spaces based on the natural local geometry of the space. Examples of spaces appropriate for this visualization approach occur in abundance in mathematical visualization, surface and volume visualization problems, and scientific applications such as general relativity. Our approach is based on using a controller to choose a direction in which to "walk" a manifold along a local geodesic path. The method automatically generates orientation changes that produce a maximal viewable region with each step of the walk. The proposed interaction framework has many natural properties to help the user develop a useful cognitive map of a space and is well-suited to haptic interfaces that may be incorporated into desktop virtual reality systems.
Pressure — an Essential Experimental Variable in Spectroscopic Studies of Liquids

The results of Raman experiments on molecular liquids at high pressure are reviewed. The density and temperature effects on vibrational dephasing in tetramethylsilane and isobutylene are discussed in terms of current theoretical models. Selected results of high pressure Rayleigh and Raman experiments on collision induced scattering in spherical molecules CH4, SF6 and triatomics CS2, COS and CO2 demonstrate well the essential role of high pressure in studying collision induced spectra.
A preliminary study of Android refactorings

Throughout the lifetime of a software system, developers continuously refactor the source code as a means of improving the quality of the code. Android apps, like traditional software systems, are not exempt from such refactoring activities. We conducted an empirical study to show the common refactoring operations in Android apps and discussed how they differ from traditional Java systems. Additionally, by contextualizing refactorings with commit messages, we identified the motivations for developers to perform these refactoring operations.
Methodology of Adaptive Prognostics and Health Management Using Streaming Data in Big Data Environment

Prognostics and health management (PHM) has gradually become an essential technique to improve the availability and efficiency of industrial systems. With the rapid advancement of sensor technology and communication technology, a huge amount of real-time data is generated from various applications industry, which brings new challenges to PHM in the context of big data streams. On one hand, high-volume stream data places a heavy demand on data storage, communication, and PHM modeling. On the other hand, continuous fluctuation and drift are essential properties of stream data in an online environment, which requires the PHM model to be capable to capture the new formation in stream data adaptively and continuously. This research proposes a systematic methodology to develop an effective online evolving PHM method with adaptive sampling mechanism against continuous stream data. An adaptive sample selection strategy is developed to effectively select the representative samples in both off-line and online environment. Meanwhile, a probabilistic theory-based modeling approach is developed to update the model with newly selected samples. Finally, the whole methodology is validated with real-world industrial cases. The result comparison between the proposed methodology and state-of-art methods verifies the superiority of the proposed method.
High sensitivity of a keystone forage fish to elevated CO2 and temperature.

Sand lances of the genus Ammodytes are keystone forage fish in coastal ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. Because they directly support populations of higher trophic organisms such as whales, seabirds or tuna, the current lack of empirical data and, therefore, understanding about the climate sensitivity of sand lances represent a serious knowledge gap. Sand lances could be particularly susceptible to ocean warming and acidification because, in contrast to other tested fish species, they reproduce during boreal winter months, and their offspring develop slowly under relatively low and stable pCO2 conditions. Over the course of 2 years, we conducted factorial pCO2 × temperature exposure experiments on offspring of the northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius, a key forage species on the northwest Atlantic shelf. Wild, spawning-ripe adults were collected from Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Cape Cod, USA), and fertilized embryos were reared at three pCO2 conditions (400, 1000 and 2100 μatm) crossed with three temperatures (5, 7 and 10 ˚C). Exposure to future pCO2 conditions consistently resulted in severely reduced embryo survival. Sensitivity to elevated pCO2 was highest at 10 ˚C, resulting in up to an 89% reduction in hatching success between control and predicted end-of-century pCO2 conditions. Moreover, elevated pCO2 conditions delayed hatching, reduced remaining endogenous energy reserves at hatch and reduced embryonic growth. Our results suggest that the northern sand lance is exceptionally CO2-sensitive compared to other fish species. Whether other sand lance species with similar life history characteristics are equally CO2-sensitive is currently unknown. But the possibility is a conservation concern, because many boreal shelf ecosystems rely on sand lances and might therefore be more vulnerable to climate change than currently recognized. Our findings indicate that life history, spawning habitat, phenology and developmental rates mediate the divergent early life CO2 sensitivities among fish species.
A Data-Centric Approach to Taming the Message Dissemination in the Internet of Vehicles

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) aims to establish a network of autonomous and connected vehicles that communicate with one another and with road-side units (RSUs) and a central trust authority (TA). Messages must be efficiently and securely disseminated to conserve resources and preserve network security. Currently, there is much research on the security schemes and methods of disseminating messages. Furthermore, there is a deficiency of information regarding resource optimization. This paper takes an interdisciplinary approach by merging both cybersecurity and data science to optimize and secure the network. The proposed method applies Prim's algorithm to an existing vehicular security scheme, Privacy-Preserving Dual Authentication Scheme (PPDAS), to further network efficiency in terms of time consumption. When a dual authentication security scheme is in place, the time taken for message dissemination follows a quadratic growth; applying Prim's algorithm to the security scheme reduces the time to disseminate messages to a linear growth. The number of messages sent was decreased by a magnitude of up to 44.57. Contemporary security schemes are compared with PPDAS to justify the overhead consumption. The usage of network resources, such as time, is reduced, which substantially enhances the performance of the vehicular network and allows for the scalability of the IoV.
The Evaluation of Tactile Parameters and Display Prototype to Support Physiological Monitoring and Multitasking for Anesthesia Providers in the Operating Room

Communicating physiological information via the tactile modality is shown as a promising means to address data overload faced by anesthesia providers. However, it is important to ensure that the tactile parameters which represent information are intuitive. There is currently no consensus on which tactile parameters should be used to present information within anesthesia. The two studies presented here evaluate: (a) a set of 24 tactile cues manipulating intensity, temporal, and spatial tactile parameters in a usability study and (b) a prototype tactile display based on the usability study's findings in a single and dual-task scenario. Findings of the usability study show intensity and temporal were rated most urgent and had the most potential to represent changes in physiological measures. This was confirmed in the follow up study as increases/decreases in intensity were shown to represent increases/decreases in a physiological measure and using different spatial locations to represent physiological measures resulted in greater than 95% response accuracy. Response times and accuracy were not adversely affected while performing a secondary task. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how to map tactile parameters to physiological information and demonstrate the effectiveness of end-user feedback in tactile display design to develop intuitive alerts.
Children's Active Engagement in Public School Language Therapy Relates to Greater Gains

Purpose The current study examined children's engagement as an active ingredient of language therapy in public schools and considered the potential interplay between engagement and dose on outcomes. Method Participants included 135 children with language impairment receiving business-as-usual therapy from 70 speech-language pathologists. Two videotaped therapy sessions from each participating child were coded for children's level of engagement and time in language-focused therapy (dose). Results Hierarchical linear modeling was used for analyses; children's level of engagement (i.e., active engagement) was significantly, positively related to children's language gain and was not moderated by dose. Conclusion Findings suggest that children's active participation in therapy sessions is a significant component to effective language therapy and underscores the need for further research.
Utility of Postoperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: A Single-Surgeon Experience.

BACKGROUND Immediate tissue expander placement remains a preferred method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. The use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotic administration is thought to reduce rates of surgical site infection and reconstructive failure, but has not been studied in patients undergoing reconstruction in the prepectoral plane. METHODS We retrospectively identified all patients undergoing immediate prepectoral tissue expander placement after mastectomy by a single plastic surgeon from 2015 to 2018. We identified 2 cohorts of patients: one group that received prophylactic antibiotics at the time of discharge and one group that did not. We collected treatment and outcomes data to compare rates of postoperative complications between cohorts. RESULTS We identified 69 patients with 115 breasts who received discharge antibiotics and 63 patients with 106 breasts who did not. The antibiotic cohort had significantly lower rates of tissue expander loss (4.3% vs 17.0%, P = 0.003), unplanned operation (10.4% vs 24.5%, P = 0.007), and infection (7.0% vs 24.5, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The use of prophylactic postoperative antibiotics in prepectoral breast reconstruction is associated with significantly lower rates of postoperative complications. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted to explore the effect of antibiotic therapy on outcomes and to determine what the optimal duration of antibiotic therapy may be.
The role of radiotherapy in the management of progressive glioblastoma

Can re-irradiation (by using conventional radiotherapy, fractionated radiosurgery, or single fraction radiosurgery) be used in patients with progressive glioblastoma multiforme after the first adjuvant combined multimodality treatment with radiation and chemotherapy? These recommendations apply to adult patients with progressive glioblastoma after first line combined multimodality treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. When the target tumor is amenable for additional radiation, re-irradiation is recommended as it provides improved local tumor control, as measured by best imaging response. Such re-irradiation can take the form of conventional fractionation radiotherapy, fractionated radiosurgery, or single fraction radiosurgery. Re-irradiation is recommended in order to maintain or improve a patient’s neurological status and quality of life prior to any further tumor progression.
CS2Mulch: Physical Manipulatives for Teaching Advanced Data Structures

The organization of stacks and queues are often familiar to students because they have previously stacked plates and have stood in many lines. However, it is less frequent for them to have an innate mental model of higher-level tree and hash-based data structures. This demo will highlight the CS2Mulch project, which provides engaging manipulatives for demonstrating concepts in advanced data structures to build these mental models. Instructors can use these tools to support lessons on sorting algorithms, binary search trees, heaps, sets, and hash tables. Two original decks of cards form the basis for interactive classroom games and collaborative peer exercises in CS2. The Acorns deck consists of cards numbered with integers 00-69. These cards can be overlapped on the corners to demonstrate insertion and removal algorithms for binary trees or heaps. The Menagerie deck consists of cards that display an animal, along with two integers computed by passing the name through two simple hash functions, Murmur3 and FNV, modulo 8. Additional cards are numbered 0 to 7, to be used as markers for arrays within hash table implementations. The CS2Mulch decks, along with lesson plans and supporting materials, are freely available at https://mgoadric.github.io/cs2mulch/, either for PDF download, virtually through the online board game software Tabletopia, or for purchase through on-demand printing at The Game Crafter. This work is supported through a 2019 SIGCSE Special Project Grant.
Who is Centered? A Systematic Review of Early Childhood Researchers’ Descriptions of Children and Caregivers From Linguistically Minoritized Communities:

Young children with and without disabilities who are bilingual or in the process of learning multiple languages have many strengths; however, educational policies and bias related to bilingualism f...
Phase I/II trial of ruxolitinib in combination with trastuzumab in metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer

Preclinical data demonstrate STAT3 as an important regulator in HER2+ tumors, and disruption of the IL6-JAK2-STAT-S100A8/S100A9 signaling cascade reduces HER2+ cell viability. Ruxolitinib is an FDA approved inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2. We performed a phase I/II trial investigating the safety and efficacy of the combination of trastuzumab and ruxolitinib in patients with trastuzumab-resistant metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Patients with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer progressing on at least 2 lines of HER2-directed therapy were eligible. The phase I portion determined the tolerable dose of ruxolitinib in combination with trastuzumab. The primary objective of the phase II was to assess the progression free survival (PFS) of the combination of ruxolitinib plus trastuzumab compared to historical control. Twenty-eight patients were enrolled, with a median number of prior therapies of 4.5. Ruxolitinib 25 mg twice daily was the recommended phase II dose with no dose limiting toxicities (DLTs). Of 26 evaluable patients in phase II, the median PFS was 8.3 weeks (95% CI 7.1, 13.9). Among the 14 patients with measurable disease, 1 patient had a partial response and 4 patients had stable disease. Most of the adverse events were hematologic. While well tolerated with a strong preclinical rationale, the combination of ruxolitinib and trastuzumab did not lead to an improvement in PFS compared to historical control in patients with trastuzumab-resistant metastatic HER2+ breast cancer.
The influence of psychopathic traits and strategic harshness on point gain and cooperation rate in the Prisoner's Dilemma

Abstract In a sample of 158 undergraduates, we investigated social cooperation in the fearless dominance (FD) and impulsive antisociality (IA) factors of psychopathy using iterated Prisoner's Dilemma games with eight computer opponents that employed strategies varying in harshness/leniency. We analyzed rates of cooperation during each game, participants' total points gained, and the difference in points earned between participant and opponent (competitive point gain) both in the experiment overall and in subsequent trials after cooperation or defection choices as well as after participant or computer choices. IA correlated with reduced competitive point gain, whereas FD correlated with greater competitive point gains in the very lenient condition but reduced total point gains in the harsh conditions. In subsequent trial analyses, FD correlated with greater competitive point gain in response to participants' own choices. In contrast, after any cooperation on the previous trial, IA correlated positively with cooperation but negatively with competitive point gain.