cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of Simian Virus 40 Rescued from Cell Lines Transformed by Ultraviolet-Irradiated Simian Virus 40

Abstract Simian virus 40 (SV40) strains have been rescued from various clonal lines of mouse kidney cells that had been transformed by ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated SV40. To learn whether some of the rescued SV40 strains were mutants, monkey kidney (CV-1) cells were infected with the rescued virus strains at 37 C and at 41 C. The SV40 strains studied included strains rescued from transformed cell lines classified as “good,” “average,” “poor,” and “rare” yielders on the basis of total virus yield, frequency of induction, and incidence of successful rescue trials. Four small plaque mutants isolated from “poor” yielder lines and fuzzy and small plaque strains isolated from an “average” and a “good” yielder line, respectively, were among the SV40 strains tested. Virus strains rescued from all classes of transformed cells were capable of inducing the transplantation antigen, and they induced the intranuclear SV40-T-antigen, thymidine kinase, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase, and cellular DNA synthesis at 37 C and at 41 C. With the exception of four small plaque strains rescued from “poor” yielders, the rescued SV40 strains replicated their DNA and formed infectious virus with kinetics similar to parental SV40 at either 37 or 41 C. The four exceptional strains did replicate at 37 C, but replication was very poor at 41 C. Thus, only a few of the rescued virus strains exhibited defective SV40 functions in CV-1 cells. All of the virus strains rescued from the “rare” yielder lines were similar to parental SV40. Several hypotheses consistent with the properties of the rescued virus strains are discussed, which may account for the significant variations in virus yield and frequency of induction of the transformed cell lines.
A 64-state 2GHz 500Mbps 40mW Viterbi accelerator in 90nm CMOS

A 64-state Viterbi accelerator fabricated in 1.2V, 90nm dual-Vt CMOS technology is described for 2GHz operation and fastest reported 500Mbps data rate (1 Gbps decode for 1/2 rate codes). Novel radix-4 add-compare-select circuits and low-energy traceback register file techniques enable 40mW total power at 1.2V, 2GHz, and scalability to 5mW at 0.7V, 216MHz (for 802.11 a wireless baseband).
Connexin43 suppresses MFG-E8 while inducing contact growth inhibition of glioma cells

Gap junction expression has been reported to control the growth of a variety of transformed cells. We undertook parallel analysis of connexins Cx32 and Cx43 in glioma cells, which revealed potential mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and led to several novel findings. Cx43, but not Cx32, suppressed C6 glioma cell growth. Paradoxically, Cx32 transfection resulted in severalfold more dye transfer than Cx43. However, Cx43 transfectants shared endogenous metabolites more efficiently than Cx32 transfectants. Interestingly, a significant portion of Cx43 permeants were incorporated into macromolecules more readily than those that transferred via Cx32. Cx43 induced contact inhibition of cell growth but in contrast to other reports, did not affect log phase growth rates. Cell death, senescence, or suppression of growth factor signaling was not involved because no significant alterations were seen in cell viability, telomerase, or mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. However, suppression of cell growth by Cx43 entailed the secretion of growth-regulatory factors. Most notably, a major component of conditioned medium that was affected by Cx43 was found to be MFG-E8 (milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8), which is involved in cell anchorage and integrin signaling. These results indicate that Cx43 regulates cell growth by the modulation of extracellular growth factors including MFG-E8. Furthermore, the ability of a Cx to regulate cell growth may rely on its ability to mediate the intercellular transfer of endogenous metabolites but not artificial dyes.
Adaptive band-limited disturbance rejection in linear discrete-time systems

The problem of adaptively rejecting disturbances consisting of a linear combination of sinusoids with unknown and/or time varying frequencies for SISO LTI discrete-time systems is considered. The rejection of the disturbance input is achieved by constructing the set of stabilizing controllers using the Youla parametrization and adjusting the Youla parameter to achieve asymptotic disturbance rejection. First, a numerical off-line controller design algorithm, which assumes knowledge of only the disturbance input values, is presented and the structure of the resulting controller analyzed. It is shown, under some mild assumptions, that if the off-line designed controller achieves regulation, then it must include a model of the disturbance input. Two on-line (adaptive) controller design algorithms are then introduced. Conditions under which the on-line algorithms yield an asymptotic controller that achieves regulation are presented. Conditions for both the case where the disturbance input properties are constant but unknown and for the case where they are unknown and time varying are given. The on-line controller construction amounts to an adaptive implementation of the internal model principle. The performance of the two adaptive algorithms is illustrated with a simulation example.
The impact of brain drain in underserved countries: implementing a global ethical leadership approach

Purpose – Health care worker migration from underserved nations to developed nations, also known as the “brain drain” effect, is a leading cause of worldwide health inequalities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors which have and continue to contribute to “brain drain,” investigate the human consequences of health care worker migration, and explore the ways in which a global ethical leadership approach could be used to help address the issue of “brain drain” and its resulting deleterious effects on global health equality. Design/methodology/approach – An argument is made supporting the need for a global leadership approach that is centered on the enforcement of ethical international health care worker recruitment policies and collaborative endeavors between wealthy and underserved nations to help improve the working conditions of health care workers worldwide. Findings – The successful use of ethical leadership approaches in addressing and reversing the “brain drain” effect has been docum...
Characterization of turbulence anisotropy, coherence, and intermittency at a prospective tidal energy site: Observational data analysis

Abstract As interest in marine renewable energy increases, observations are crucial for understanding the environments that prospective turbines will encounter. Data from an acoustic Doppler velocimeter in Puget Sound, WA are used to perform a detailed characterization of the turbulent flow encountered by a turbine in a tidal strait. Metrics such as turbulence intensity, structure functions, probability density functions, intermittency, coherent turbulence kinetic energy, anisotropy invariants, and a new scalar measure of anisotropy are used to characterize the turbulence. The results indicate that the scalar anisotropy magnitude can be used to identify and parameterize coherent, turbulent events in the flow. An analysis of the anisotropy characteristics leads to a physical description of turbulent stresses as being primarily one- or two-dimensional, in contrast to isotropic, three-dimensional turbulence. A new measure of the anisotropy magnitude is introduced to quantify the level of anisotropic, coherent turbulence in a coordinate-independent way. These diagnostics and results will be useful for improved realism in modeling the performance and loading of turbines in realistic ocean environments.
Biopsy findings in five hundred thirty-one patients with atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance as defined by the Bethesda system

Abstract Objectives: Histologic findings in biopsy specimens obtained from patients with atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance were studied to define the utility and limitations of this category. Study Design: Computerized records over a 3-year period were retrospectively analyzed. The most significant histologic diagnosis from all biopsy specimens submitted was compared with the subcategory of the first Papanicolaou smear obtained showing atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance. Results: Biopsy results were available for 531 of 1117 patients with atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance (48%). Biopsy-proved preinvasive (83%) or invasive (17%) lesions were present in 191 patients (36%). Eighty-nine percent of the preinvasive lesions were squamous, whereas 97% of the invasive lesions were glandular. Glandular lesions were more likely to be invasive, whereas squamous lesions were more likely to be preinvasive ( p Conclusions: Almost three fourths of patients with atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance and with lesions have squamous lesions, not glandular as suggested by the name of the category. Unlike patients with atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance, patients with atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance have a significant risk of malignant lesions, which are nearly all glandular and predominantly arise from the endometrium.
Metal-like electrical conductivity in ceramic nano-composite

Abstract The addition of TiO 2 improves the densification of amorphous silicon carbonitride powder, making possible the preparation of Si 3 N 4 /SiC/TiC 0.3 N 0.7 nano-ceramics with attractive mechanical properties and a high electrical conductivity.
SU‐FF‐J‐17: Image‐Guided Radiotherapy Using Nanotube Stantionary Tomosynthesis Technology

Purpose: To develop image guidance approaches for clinical application of Nanotube Stationary Tomosynthesis (NST), a nanotechnology‐based online image‐guidedradiotherapy(IGRT)technology that is capable of unprecedented temporal‐resolution and imaging speed. Method and Materials: NST is an accelerator gantry‐mounted multi‐source array kV imagingtechnology under development by Siemens. Using a single image panel, the patient can be imaged by 50 x‐ray sources on the array in the treatment volume within ∼ 2 sec before and even during treatment. However, translating the NST's imaging acquisition strengths into real clinical benefits requires significant software development including new image registration tools that take full advantage of the real‐time aspects of tomosynthesisimaging while minimizing its intrinsic resolution limitation. We propose a fast, versatile image registration approach that: integrates information from the large field‐of‐view projection images, the high‐temporal resolution tomosynthesisimages, and the high spatial‐resolution planning 3D CT image; has tradeoffs to balance the user's needs of quality vs. speed; and potentially extracts a daily image deformation from NST tomosynthesisimage for soft tissue based IGRT and treatment course dose accumulation. Results: We have developed the initial image registration approaches for clinical testing of the first protocol type NST IGRT system. In this presentation we will describe the proposed NST IGRTimage registration approaches in lung and prostate treatments and discuss imagingdose and imagingdose reduction approaches. Other aspects of the NST technology including system design, NST reconstruction, image registration, and imaging geometry may be presented separately in the meeting. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that Nanotube Stationary Tomosynthesistechnology has the potential to offer temporal resolution and imaging speed ‐ important features that have not been adequately addressed by the existing IGRTtechnology today. Conflict of Interest: This work is partially funded by a grant from Siemens Oncology Care System.
Melatonin inhibition of nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in PC12 cells.

Abstract Melatonin, a pineal hormone, modifies numerous physiologic processes including circadian rhythms and sleep. In specific tissues, melatonin appears to have an inverse relationship with dopamine. To examine this relationship, a pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) was used to determine the extent of melatonin’s ability to inhibit nicotine-stimulated dopamine release. Multiple experiments were conducted that examined: (1) the dose response of acute melatonin (5 min); (2) the effects of chronic melatonin (16 h pre-exposure); (3) the effects of prior nicotine or melatonin exposure (5 min) on melatonin’s ability to alter dopamine release from a second 5-min nicotine exposure; and (4) the role of melatonin receptors (by pertussis toxin inhibition) on nicotine-stimulated dopamine release. In the dose response studies, melatonin inhibited nicotine-stimulated dopamine release with an ED50 of 8.6 μM. Chronic exposure to melatonin had no effect on melatonin’s acute inhibition of nicotine-stimulated dopamine release. Prior nicotine or melatonin exposure had little effect on subsequent melatonin or nicotine exposure, except that the cells exposed to nicotine were not responsive to a second exposure to nicotine. Blockade of melatonin receptor function by pre-exposure to pertussis toxin (16 h) did not prevent melatonin’s inhibition of nicotine-stimulated dopamine release. However, the toxin-treated cells were less inhibited by melatonin when compared to control cells suggesting a partial role for melatonin receptors. These results indicate that melatonin can acutely inhibit nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in PC12 cells. This model system allows detailed examination of melatonin’s cellular actions as well as supporting a role for melatonin on neuronal dopamine release.
Impacts of power-plant cooling systems on estuarine fish populations: the Hudson River after 25 years

Abstract In the early 1970s, impacts of power-plant cooling systems on fish populations were a major source of controversy. The most thoroughly studied and controversial power plants were the Indian Point, Bowline, and Roseton generating stations on the Hudson River. The assessments performed for these three plants were unique in employing river-wide sampling data and mathematical models designed to predict the effects of cooling-water withdrawals on the short- and long-term abundance of striped bass and other important fish populations. A Settlement Agreement in 1981 led to the establishment of a long-term monitoring program that continues to generate valuable information concerning the impacts of power-plant cooling systems on estuarine ecosystems. This paper evaluates the results generated by the past quarter century of Hudson River, with the objective of evaluating the utility of the information for future 316(b) assessments. Specific recommendations are made concerning: (1) methods for quantitative assessment of cooling-system impacts at new vs operating facilities; (2) research that would improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments; and (3) the need to integrate cooling system impact studies into a general framework for management of aquatic ecosystems.
Transitive primitive permutation groups acting on trees

In this paper we give a classification of certain transitive primitive tree permutation groups (those closed under “patching”), where a transitive tree permutation group (G, Ω) is primitive if there are no non-trivial equivalence relations on Ω with convex classes which are preserved by each g in G. The classification is obtained by examining the restricted actions of G on the maximal subchains of Ω.
Analysis of messages expressed by Echinostoma paraensei miracidia and sporocysts, obtained by random EST sequencing.

A λZAP Express cDNA library was constructed with mRNA obtained from immature miracidia within eggs, hatched miracidia, and sporocysts of Echinostoma paraensei. This cDNA library was amplified and 213 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences (averaging 466 nucleotides in length) were obtained. The mean percentage of unresolved bases within the EST sequences was 0.4%, ranging from 0 to 4.6%. The 213 ESTs represent 151 unique messages. BLAST (version 2.0.8) analysis disclosed that 64 unique E. paraensei messages (42.4%) had significant similarities (BLAST score ≤e-5), at deduced amino acid or nucleotide levels, with known sequences in the nonredundant GenBank databases or the dbEST database (NCBI). The remainder, 57.6% of the unique EST-encoded messages, scored nonsignificant hits. Most of the E. paraensei messages that could be assigned a cellular role based on sequence similarities were involved in gene/protein expression. Several ESTs scored highest similarities with sequences obtained from trematode specie...
Experimental tissue cyst induced Toxoplasma gondii infections in dogs.

SUMMARY Tissue cyst induced Toxoplasma gondii infections were examined in 2 beagle dogs orally inoculated with tissue cysts. Neither dog developed clinical signs of toxoplasmosis. Both dogs developed low antibody titers to T. gondii. The MAT and IFAT were superior to the LAT and IHT tests for detecting antibodies to T. gondii.
Damage in composite laminates: Effects of transverse cracks

Abstract Two different methods of solution are used to study the effects of transverse cracks in cross-ply composite laminates. The results of an approximate analytical solution are compared with those obtained using a finite element analysis in order to study the effects of transverse cracks on the degradation of elastic and thermal coefficients as well as stress distributions. In particular, it is shown that transverse cracks cause significant degradation of the Poisson's ratio and shear modulus of the laminates, and also affect some stress distributions in a peculiar manner. Theoretical results are compared with existing experimental results where appropriate.
Thesis: Communication, technology and culture

(1968). Thesis: Communication, technology and culture. The Philosophy Forum: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 2-40.
Print-Based and Web-Based Communication: Different Ways of Thinking

The fundamental shift caused by the manner in which we store and retrieve information on the web has caused a corresponding shift in our manner of thinking. The unintended consequences of relying upon web tools may have transformed our abilities to think in a traditional manner. This article argues that the structure of knowledge on the web affects individuals' abilities to communicate and discuss what they have learned. What follows proceeds in four steps. The first describes the knowledge structure of the web. The second describes the characteristics of “print-based” (or text) versus “web-based” (or hypertext) organization. The third describes how communication media affects thought. The fourth argues that web-based thinking is less coherent, less contextual, and more difficult to communicate according to a common lexicon with other citizens. We conclude by reexamining the potential paradoxes generated by the web structure and describe two scenarios for future effects on political participation.
DENSITY STRUCTURE OF A PREERUPTION CORONAL FLUX ROPE

A density model is developed for a coronal flux rope with a specified magnetic field configuration in the noninteracting limit, for which transverse pressure forces can be neglected and flows are rapid enough (>1 km s-1) to invalidate a hydrostatic solution. In the coronal portion of the flux rope, we find that the plasma density is depleted on-axis, where the magnetic field lines are least twisted.
Postbuckling behavior of rectangular orthotropic plates with two free side edges

Abstract The postbuckling behavior of rectangular orthotropic plates with two free side edges is studied based on a perturbation method. Both exact and approximate solutions of the second-order perturbation equations are given. Numerical results for plates having various elastic properties are also presented.
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacilli: Their Role in Infection and Patterns of Susceptibility to Antimicrobial Agents. I. Little-Known Bacteroides Species

The role in infection and the patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 17 infrequently reported species of Bacteroides were studied. The findings of this research are summarized, and the literature dealing with recovery of these species from both the normal flora and infections of humans is reviewed. During a six-year period, 22% of 679 specimens from infections due to anaerobic bacteria that were studied by the authors yielded one or more of these "other Bacteroides species" (OBS). The most commonly isolated OBS were Bacteroides ruminicola subspecies brevis (63 patients), Bacteroides ureolyticus (38), Bacteroides bivius (26), and Bacteroides disiens (17). Appreciable resistance of some isolates to the p-lactam antibiotics, erythromycin, and the tetracyclines was noted, whereas all strains were inhibited by chloramphenicol and metronidazole and almost all were inhibited by clindamycin. The data indicate that OBS are present in infection much more often than has been reported previously. The resistance of certain strains to some commonly used antimicrobial agents may necessitate a reassessment of the initial, empiric therapy of infections due to anaerobic bacteria. With continued improvement in the techniques employed to transport, culture, and identify anaerobic bacteria, our knowledge of the role of these organisms in virtually all types of infection
WOUNDS AND THE POLARITY OF IMPLANT-INDUCED ACCESSORY URODELE LIMBS.

PREVIOUS work1–3 has established that xenoplastic implants made into the limbs of larval and adult urodeles would initiate the formation of accessory limb structures and, further4, that the position of the superficial wound used for insertion of the implanted material seemed to have a very decided effect on the stimulus-response system. The implants would not take advantage of wounds made proximal to the implant so readily as they would of distal wounds. In larvae, as well as adults, very few growths were produced from proximal wound areas. These few supernumerary limbs which did form in association with proximal wounds, however, showed interesting growth patterns which are better understood to-day than they were at the time of the previous writing.
The Disjunction of Political Science and Political Philosophy

THE QUEST for a "science" of politics has animated political thought since the time of Plato. Moderns share with the ancients the desire to acquire a systematic body of knowledge concerning man's political behavior. The quest, moreover, has largely been inspired by ethical considerations. Moderns and ancients agree on the great importance, if not the primacy, of politics in human affairs and on the usefulness to man of a "science" of politics. Despite this continuity, the study of politics has undergone in recent years a methodological revolution-a revolution which has given currency to a new conception of political science. Heretofore students of politics had regarded science as any systematic body of thought. Value statements and factual statements had the same claim to warranted belief.
Error bound for the dynamic lot size model with backlogging

This paper finds a tight bound on the error introduced in the dynamic lot size model with backlogging when it is truncated by planning for the interval of time for which data are actually known, rather than for the natural planning interval.
The dog in Zoroastrian religion: Vidēvdād Chapter XIII

L'A. propose une translitteration et une traduction en anglais du chapitre XIII du Vidēvdād concernant le chien. Dans la religion zoroastrienne, le chien est une figure animale dotee de multiples fonctions sociales, et il joue un role important dans les rites lies a la mort.
Preventing and Treating Obesity: Pediatricians' Self-Efficacy, Barriers, Resources, and Advocacy

Objective.— With respect to obesity prevention and treatment, to determine pediatricians' 1) treatment self-efficacy; 2) perceived barriers and relationships to management self-efficacy; 3) desired resources; and 4) willingness to be involved in advocacy. Methodology.— A cross-sectional, self-administered mail survey queried members of the North Carolina Pediatrics Society and the American Academy of Pediatrics who were practicing routine care. Results.— The adjusted response rate was 71% (n = 356). Only 12% of respondents reported high self-efficacy in obesity management, yet 39% believed that physicians could potentially be effective. The most frequently encountered barriers to obesity management included availability of fast food (97%) and soft drinks (95%). However, some practice-based barriers were most strongly associated with self-efficacy. Odds of high self-efficacy were lower for respondents who reported lack of non-MD staff reimbursement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58, 0.92), lack of on-site dietitian (OR = 0.65; 95% CI=0.50, 0.83), or lack of patient educational materials (OR = 0.67; 95% CI=0.50, 0.89), compared with those who reported encountering these barriers infrequently. Respondents chose better counseling tools (96%) as the most helpful clinical resource for obesity management. Most (89%) were willing to take at least a small role in advocacy efforts. Conclusions.— Most pediatricians reported feeling ineffective in their ability to treat obesity. Some practice-based barriers were specifically associated with low self-efficacy. However, pediatricians welcomed multiple clinical resources for obesity management and expressed willingness to advocate for policy change. Practice-based tool kits and efforts to engage willing participants in advocacy may help pediatricians combat this epidemic.
Scanning-laser glint measurements of sea-surface slope statistics

A scanning-laser glint meter designed for field measurements of sea-surface slope statistics is described. A narrow laser beam is scanned in a line, and specular reflections (glints) are counted in bins according to their slope angle. From normalized glint histograms, moments to the fourth order are calculated, and slope probability density functions are approximated with a Gram-Charlier expansion. Field measurements with this instrument show good agreement with previous results when the stability (essentially air-sea temperature difference) is near neutral (zero). Under conditions of negative stability (warm ocean), both the mean-square slope and the probability density function kurtosis increase.
Primary induction of metallothionein by dexamethasone in cultured rat hepatocytes

Dexamethasone or Zn++ increase the rate of synthesis of the metal-binding protein metallothionein in hepatocyte cultures. Dexamethasone induction of the capacity to synthesize metallothionein is not blocked by cycloheximide. In contrast, the dexamethasone stimulated increase in Zn++ uptake is inhibited by cycloheximide. Like Zn++, dexamethasone is a “primary inducer” of metallothionein. The glucocorticoid induction of metallothionein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes is not mediated through elevation of Zn++ uptake.
Gene-based therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Alpha-1 antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) has been an attractive target for the development of gene therapy because it is a common single gene disorder, for which there would appear to be significant benefit to be gained for lung disease patients by augmentation of plasma levels of wild-type (M) alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT). While a significant proportion of patients also have liver disease, which is unlikely to be benefitted by augmentation, the potential to treat or prevent lung disease by replacement of plasma levels to at least 11 microMolar (571 mcg/ml) is the basis upon which several protein replacement therapies have been licensed for human use. Further enhancing the likelihood of success of gene therapy is the fact that the AAT coding sequence is relatively short and the protein appears to function primarily in the plasma and extracellular space. This means that AAT production from any cell or tissue capable of secreting it could be useful therapeutically for augmentation. Based on these considerations, attempts have been made to develop AAT therapies using nonviral gene transfer, gammaretrovirus, recombinant adenovirus (rAd), and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors. These have resulted in three phase I clinical trials (one of cationic liposome, one of rAAV2, and one of rAAV1) and one phase II clinical trial (with rAAV1). The results of the latter trial, while promising, demonstrated levels were only 3 to 5% of the target range. This indicates the need to further increase the dose of the vector and/or to increase the levels to within the therapeutic range.
Electron microscopic evidence for the circular form of RNA in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

LINEAR single-stranded RNA genomes extracted from several RNA viruses were found to exist in a circular conformation when examined in the electron microscope in partially denaturing conditions1–4. The circular conformation of viral RNA presumably arises from base pairing between RNA sequences at the two ends of the RNA molecules. The biological significance of the circular structure of single-stranded RNA is still unknown. Here we report the observation of the circular form of RNA extracted from the cytoplasm of several eukaryotic cells.
Spatial Variability of Soil Properties and Weed Populations in the Mississippi Delta

Simulation models and precision agriculture practices may require more detail and certainty about soil spatial variability than provided by soil surveys. This study described soil and weed spatial variability in 50-ha subareas of two sites included in the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Areas project. Objectives were (i) to describe the spatial variability of soil properties and (ii) to determine relationships between spatially variable weed populations and soil properties. Surface soil samples were collected at nodes of 60-m square grids prior to planting cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in 1996. Field-moist soil was analyzed for microbial activity. Air-dried soil was used to determine soil organic C, pH, and texture. Fluometuron and either clomazone, metolachlor, or norflurazon were banded over the crop row at planting. Weed counts were taken 6 wk after herbicide application. The spatial variability of soil properties and weed populations was described using geostatistics. Soil microbiological activity exhibited limited spatial dependence, but pH, organic C, and texture semi-variograms were well-described with spherical models. Although short-range (<60 m) variability was often high, the range of spatial dependence typically exceeded 120 m. Total weeds were spatially dependent both years; however, weeds susceptible to control by herbicide were not. Weed densities were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in areas that had higher organic C and finer texture. Areas of low organic C and coarse soil often had no weeds. Thus, more uniform weed control might be achieved by varying preemergence herbicide application rate. Acceptable weed control might be achieved with lower herbicide application rates in certain areas.
Abnormal intestinal permeability to sugars in diabetes mellitus.

A test of intestinal mucosal function which utilizes the differential permeability of L-rhamnose and lactulose has been reported to be helpful in the diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. We have applied this test to 48 male subjects with diabetes mellitus to evaluate its usefulness as a screening test in diabetic patients and to further study sugar absorption in these individuals. Total urinary lactulose excretion in the 13 healthy control subjects was 54.5 ± 8.5 mg/5 h, while excretion by diabetic patients was increased at 116.1 ± 15.7 mg/5 h (p < 0.01). Similarly, total L-rhamnose excretion by diabetic patients was significantly higher (139.7 ± 14.3 mg/5 h vs 84.3 ± 18.4 mg/5 h, p<0.05). The ratio of percent urinary excretion for lactulose/L-rhamnose (L/R ratio) for diabetic patients (0.197 ± 0.024) was not different from the control subjects (0.151 ± 0.2). Nine out of 48 diabetic patients studied had lactulose/L-rhamnose ratios higher than the mean plus two standard deviations of the control group, which might lead to the diagnosis of small bowel mucosal disease. Although we may have been detecting subclinical mucosal disease or gluten sensitive enteropathy in a subgroup, it appears that this test of intestinal mucosal function should be interpreted with caution in diabetic patients.
Simulation of flexible magnetic bubbles in device environments

A numerical model for the simulation of the dynamics and deformations of thin film magnetic domains in magnetic bubble devices is described. The motions of the domain wall are calculated from the total effective magnetic field acting on them; the total field includes the equivalent field of the wall energy, the demagnetizing fields, the bias field, and the nonuniform fields from conductors or other sources. The numerical scheme of time integration of the wall motion is described; the simulation time step is adaptively optimized in the presence of incipient numerical instabilities, which are monitored by means of Fourier transformations. The model was used to investigate collapse and run‐out of free bubbles and stripe‐out and replication of domains under permalloy and current‐carrying conductors. The results presented show agreement with experimental data.
Measurement Accuracies for Various Techniques for Measuring Amplifier Noise

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a program to develop an amplifier noise calibration service. Extensive measurements of the noise for different types of low-noise, X-band (8 - 12 GHz) amplifiers were made. This paper concentrates on the accuracy of measuring generalized noise figure for various techniques using the NIST 8 - 12 GHz noise calibration radiometer and a commercial automatic network analyzer.Under favorable conditions, the uncertainty of the effective input noise temperature Te of low-noise amplifiers approaches the uncertainty of an ideal Y-factor measurement for all the measurement techniques explored. For Te greater than 100 K, this is about ± 7% or less. The measurement error is dominated by the uncertainty of NIST primary cryogenic noise standard. The different techniques examined have different strengths and weaknesses. Rather than pick one technique, we found it worthwhile to implement all of them and use the redundant information to assure the measurement.
A gravity model for the lithosphere in western Kenya and northeastern Tanzania

We present a new gravity model for the lithosphere beneath the Kenya Rift Valley, the Mozambique Belt, and the Tanzania Craton in western Kenya and northeaatem Tanzania. The Kenya Rii lies within the eastern branch of the extensive Cetnwoie East African Rift System and has developed almost entirely in the Pan-African M~b~que Belt about 50 to 150 km east of the exposed margin of the Archean Tanzania Craton. The gravity field over western Kenya and northeastern Tanzania is characterized by a long-wavelength Bnuguer anomaly. We propose that this anomnly has two components: (1) a “rift” signature, deriving from a shalknv rift basin, a lower crustal intrusion and a low-density gone in the mantle lithosphere 1ocallzed beneath the rift axis, and (2) a “suture” signature, arising from a crustal root along the boundary between the Moaambiqne Belt and Tanaania Craton and higher density crust in the mobile belt above part of the crustal root. Two lines of reasoning support our inte~re~tion: (1) Recent geologlcal studies of the M~bique Belt in Kenya and Tanzania suggest that it is a ~ntinent-~n~nent collision aone, and continent-axrtinent collision zones worldwide commonly exhibit a characteristic gravity anomaly. (2) The long-wavelength Bouguer anomaly has at least two minii one over the craton-mobile belt boundary, and one or more over the rift valley. Corroborative evidence for our interpretation of the gravity field is provided by recent seismic investigations.
A Five-Year Study of the Microbiologic Results of Exit Site Infections and Peritonitis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

We studied the culture results from 321 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) related infections (exit site, tunnel infections, and peritonitis) in 137 patients over a 5-year period to determine the contribution of exit site and tunnel infections to peritonitis and catheter loss. Seventeen percent of peritonitis episodes were associated temporally and by microbiologic results with exit site or tunnel infections. Twenty-one percent of exit site and tunnel infections and 20% of peritonitis episodes resulted in catheter loss. Peritonitis due to Staphylococcus aureus was more likely to be associated with an exit site or tunnel infection and was more likely to result in loss of the catheter than peritonitis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. Peritonitis and exit site infections due to Pseudomonas sp also frequently resulted in catheter removal. We found that exit site infections cause significant morbidity in CAPD patients. Further studies in this area are needed.
Uncertain ground: the ‘Ownership Flat’ and urban property in twentieth century Bombay

This article examines the changing meaning of property in Bombay over the twentieth century. It suggests that the Ownership Flat, with ownership rather than tenancy in apartment buildings, was a novel form of property that emerged in the city over the course of the century. The Ownership Flat has become the hegemonic form of dwelling in Mumbai and is the desired outcome of far-reaching urban renewal interventions. Yet while the idea of ‘ownership’ implies an unproblematic relationship between ‘owner’ and ‘property,’ this article suggests that the Ownership Flat represented a major shift in the idea of urban property. In particular, while the Ownership Flat was a cuboid in the air enclosed by walls, ceiling and floor, real property as understood by the law meant land and immoveable property upon land. Further, ‘ownership’ of flats in Bombay was exercised through the cooperative housing society, a peculiar legal institution where the society as collective owned the building containing Ownership Flats. A con...
Interaction of p-aminobenzoic acid with erythrocyte membrane: photoaffinity labeling of the binding sites.

Abstract p -Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was found to prevent eichinocytosis of red cells in vitro . Equilibrium binding studies with right-side-out membrane vesicles revealed a similar number of binding sites and K d values for both normal and sickle cell membranes. A [ 14 C]Azide analog of PABA was synthesized as a photoaffinity label to probe its sites of interaction on the erythrocyte membranes. Competitive binding studies of PABA with its azide indicated that both the compounds share common binding sites on the membrane surface. The azide was found to covalently incorporate into the membrane components upon irradiation; 52-35% of the label was associated with the proteins and the remaining with the lipids. Electrophoretic analysis of photolabeled membranes revealed that the azide interacts mainly with Band 3 protein in the case of intact erythrocytes and right-side-out sealed vesicles; however, if unsealed ghosts are used, other membrane proteins besides Band 3 are photolabeled. PABA was found to inhibit both high and low affinity calcium-binding sites situated on either surface of the membrane apparently in a noncompetitive manner. However, calcium binding stimulated by magnesium and ATP was only slightly affected. Calcium transport into inside-out vesicles was inhibited by PABA, but it did not affect the calcium ATPase activity.
Experimental microfluidics toolbox for MEMS characterization

Flows in microscale domains are found in many places such as biomedical microdevices (Bio-MEMS), inkjet printer heads, micropropulsion systems, and microchannel networks, among many others. In fact, microfluidic devices represent the fastest growing and what is projected to be the dominant segment of the MEMS market. Because microscopic flows frequently display counter-intuitive behavior due to the different dominating forces at microscopic length scales, experimental diagnostic techniques are essential for characterizing microfluidic MEMS beharior. In recent work, we have developed several micron-scale fluidic diagnostic techniques. Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (mPIV) measures the velocity of a flow by tracking the motion of small tracer particles seeded into the flow. To measure high velocity, small length scale flows, such as those found inside an inkjet, high-speed lasers and cameras are used in conjunction with a microscope to image the tracer particles with sub microsecond temporal resolution. Two extensions of the mPIV technique allow for flow boundary topology to be measured to with tens of nanometers and for the temperature of the flow to be measured. Combined, these three technique provide experimenters a very complete look at microfluidic device behavior at length scales on the order of 1 micron.
Natriuretic peptides in acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review

Background Patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) have a high risk of death, and it is important to recognize factors associated with higher mortality. Recently, several biomarkers have been studied for risk stratification in patients with PE.
Modulation of survival and transformation during plateau-phase holding of UV-irradiated mouse cells

It has been known that in bacteria, DNA adducts induced by ultraviolet light are repaired via multiple pathways (Clark and Volkert, 1978; Smith, 1978). In all likelihood, the same sort of multiplicity of repair pathways exists in mammalian cells since distinctly different repair defects in human genetic disorders have all given rise to UV sensitivity (Friedberg et al., 1979; Arlett and Lehmann, 1978). Whether a given repair pathway can function depends on such factors as the cellular physiological state and cell-cycle parameters. For example, UV-induced pyrimidine dimers are subject to excision repair when they are located on DNA segments not being replicated. A whole other set of processes would have to be invoked to deal with the same adducts if they are encountered by the replication fork (Cleaver, 1978). The nature of these latter processes are as yet poorly defined. In order to assess exclusively the biological consequences of repair activities which are not related to DNA replication, we have used cultured mouse fibroblasts in the quiescent plateau phase of growth. By holding the cells in plateau phase for various durations of time after UV irradiation, thereby allowing such repair processes to be carried out to various extents before DNA replication is initiated, the biological effects of these repair processes have been measured with respect to the end points of clonogenic survival and malignant transformation.
An algorithm for equivalence declarations

Many algebraic translators provide the programmer with a limited ability to allocate storage. Of course one of the most desirable features of these translators is the extent to which they remove the burden of storage allocation from the programmer. Nevertheless, there are situations in which one wishes to make certain vectors and arrays contiguous, coincident, or overlapping. This is made possible in FORTRAN by the use of COMMON and EQUIVALENCE statements, in MAD by the use of PROGRAM COMMON, ERASABLE, and EQUIVALENCE statements, etc.
Effect of temperature on oxygen transfer rate in wastewater treatment

In this paper, discussion and comparison of percent error between empirical temperature coefficients and theoretical temperature coefficients were made. The applicable temperature ranges for empirical temperature coefficients were also discussed in this paper. After considering the opposite combined effects of oxygen deficit and viscosity of liquid on oxygen transfer rate, it was found that viscosity of liquid is the main factor affecting oxygen transfer rate. The lower temperature is not favorable for oxygen transfer due to the higher viscosity. The lower the liquid temperature, the lower the oxygen transfer rate would be. Based on this study, it is recommended that the temperature, which is the average maximum temperature expected in the aeration tank mixed liquors, should be used in the calculation of oxygenation capacity and in the selection of surface aerators for wastewater treatment.
Synthesis of Low Dimensional F-Element Chalcogenide Compounds

The reactive flux method of solid-state synthesis has been used to synthesise a variety of new low-dimensional f-element metal chalcogenide materials. In particular, a series of rare-earth metal chalcophosphate compounds have been prepared. By controlling experimental conditions, compounds can be placed in quasi-quaternary phase diagrams, which show the reaction conditions necessary to obtain a particular selenophosphate or throphosphate compound. Composition maps can be prepared that guide the synthetic chemist in search of new materials.
User satisfaction aware routing decisions in NOC

In mobile devices, user satisfaction with the UI interactions ought to be the primary design driver. Some recent research has integrated a saturating, non-linear user satisfaction function in thread scheduler. Mobile embedded systems are moving towards large systems on chip (SoCs) with a Network on Chip (NoC). The inter-thread communication in such a system is hosted by the NoC as a flow. The application and operating system level user satisfaction research assumes that the throughput of inter-thread edges is limited only by the computational constraints of the nodes. With NoC, however, NoC resource allocation policies play an important role in the application level user satisfaction. In this paper, we filter down the user satisfaction from an application level attribute to the routers to improve the QoS at the routing level in order to leverage the user satisfaction at the application and system level. We demonstrate that this technique improves the user satisfaction of MP3 application by 10% while maintaining the QoS guarantee of MPEG-2 application.
A Precise Calibration Technique for Measuring High Gas Temperatures

A technique was developed for direct measurement of gas temperatures in the range of 2050 K 2700 K with improved accuracy and reproducibility. The technique utilized the low-emittance of certain fibrous materials, and the uncertainty of the technique was United by the uncertainty in the melting points of the materials, i.e., +/-15 K. The materials were pure, thin, metal-oxide fibers whose diameters varied from 60 microns to 400 microns in the experiments. The sharp increase in the emittance of the fibers upon melting was utilized as indication of reaching a known gas temperature. The accuracy of the technique was confirmed by both calculated low emittance values of transparent fibers, of order 0.01, up to a few degrees below their melting point and by the fiber-diameter independence of the results. This melting-point temperature was approached by increments not larger than 4 K, which was accomplished by controlled increases of reactant flow rates in hydrogen-air and/or hydrogen-oxygen flames. As examples of the applications of the technique, the gas-temperature measurements were used: (a) for assessing the uncertainty in inferring gas temperatures from thermocouple measurements, and (b) for calibrating an IR camera to measure gas temperatures. The technique offers an excellent calibration reference for other gas-temperature measurement methods to improve their accuracy and reliably extending their temperature range of applicability.