cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On a Class of P5‐Free Graphs

A graph G is perfect in the sense of Berge if for every induced subgraph G′ of G, the chromatic number χ(G′) equals the largest number ω(G′) of pairwise adjacent vertices in G′. The Strong Perfect Graph Conjecture asserts that a graph G is perfect if, and only if, neither G nor its complement Ḡ contains an odd chordless cycle of length at least five. We prove that the conjecture is true for a class of P5-free graphs.
Draft Genome Sequence of Ornatilinea apprima P3M-1, an Anaerobic Member of the Chloroflexi Class Anaerolineae

We report the draft genome sequence of Ornatilinea apprima P3M-1, a strictly anaerobic member of the Chloroflexi class Anaerolineae. This genome provides insight into the diversity of metabolism within the Anaerolineae, and the evolution of respiration within the Chloroflexi.
Testimony on the Regulation of Indian Gaming, Oversight Hearing on the [NIGC] Minimum Internal Control Standards, Before the United States House of Representatives, Committee on Resources, 109th Congress, 2nd Session

State governments have an inherent conflict of interest in the regulation of Indian gaming. Strict regulation of Indian gaming can be good for the long term health of the industry, but may impact short term revenues. States have a strong short term interest in maximizing gaming revenue. Tribal governments should bear the primary responsibility for regulating Indian gaming. However, tribal regulators also have a weakness, namely, a myopia to the interests of other tribes and the national interests of the Indian gaming industry. Federal regulators can best protect the integrity of the industry nationally and ought to have a strong oversight role. Federal regulators must support the independence of tribal gaming commissions within tribal governments and must remain vigilant against regulatory capture of tribal commissions. Congress should shore up regulatory authority over Class III Indian gaming.
Deformation and failure of spinal materials

Compressive deformations of fresh human vertebrae and intervertebral disks are examined. A proper perspective of the mechanical properties reveals that previously reported results of several investigators are quantitatively consistent and agree with data reported here. Both vertebrae and intervertebral disks exhibit nonlinear finite deformations prior to injury. Torsion of the spine is shown to be the most likely mechanical cause of disk degeneration. Vertebral fracture stress, stress relaxation and mechanical impedance are discussed.
Effect of Radio-Phosphorus on Blood of Monkeys.∗

Conclusions1. Radiophosphorus lowers the absolute numbers of red cells, lymphocytes, and granulocytes in monkeys. 2. The degree of effect is about the same in lymphocytes and granulocytes, red cells being less affected. 3. Monkeys tolerated dosages of .76 and .71 millicuries of radiophosphorus per pound of body weight, 1.04 millicuries per pound being fatal. 4. The tolerance levels of radiophosphorus are about 10 times that usually used therapeutically.
Probabilistic Robotics

Planning and navigation algorithms exploit statistics gleaned from uncertain, imperfect real-world environments to guide robots toward their goals and around obstacles.
The Development for ZnS:Cu,Ni Heat-Sensitive Luminnophor

In this paper,producting process and performance index of ZnS:Cu,Ni heat-sensitive luminophor were given out The luminescent mechanism of ZnS:Cu,Ni heat-sensitive luminophor was reviewed
Evaluating persistent altered mental status after status epilepticusAuthor Responds

I read with interest the case report by Newey et al.1 At the time of admission, EEG showed left hemispheric periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) and left temporal seizures. By the time the 18F-FDG PET was carried out (13 days after admission), EEG still showed PLEDs (maximally left temporal). The clinical significance of PLEDs has …
Structure of chromatin and cell cycle. 3

Pendant le cycle cellulaire, la chromatine subit des changements structuraux qui sont correles au deroulement des fonctions de la cellule telles que la replication pendant la phase S ou l'inactivation transcriptionelle pendant la metaphase. Tous les niveaux d'organisation de la chromatine depuis le nucleosome jusqu'aux boucles attachees a l'echafaudage par des sequences specifiques en passant par la fibre de 30 nm sont concernes par les changements. Les travaux publies dans les annees 70 faisant intervenir des techniques biochimiques ou spectroscopiques, aussi bien que des etudes plus recentes utilisant des methodes in situ non-destructives qui permettent d'obtenir l'information cellule a cellule tendaient a demontrer une correlation entre l'etat de condensation de la chromatine a l'interieur du noyau, et la position de la cellule dans le cycle cellulaire. La premiere partie de ce chapitre commence par une discussion de ces travaux, dont la majorite confirment l'existence d'un seul cycle de condensation-decondensation de la chromatine. Dans la deuxieme partie, le role des produits des genes cdc («cell division cycle») dans le controle du cycle cellulaire ainsi que dans la modulation de la structure de chromatine sont analyses.
Effects of ingested human anti-sporozoite sera on Plasmodium falciparum sporogony in Anopheles stephensi

We investigated the effects of human anti-sporozoite antibodies on the sporogonic development of Plasmodium falciparum in Anopheles stephensi. Equal volumes of washed human erythrocytes and human sera from 1) volunteers with protective immunity induced by immunization with irradiated P. falciparum sporozoites, 2) the same volunteers before immunization, or 3) Kenyans exposed to natural sporozoite transmission, were fed to cohorts of P. falciparum-infected A. stephensi on either day 5, 8, or 11 after infection. A fourth group of infected mosquitoes from the same cohort were not refed. In two experiments, the effects of anti-sporozoite antibodies were evaluated by determining the infection rates and parasite densities for oocysts and salivary gland sporozoites. There was no evidence that anti-sporozoite antibodies had any effect on the development or intensity of P. falciparum infection in A. stephensi. However, accelerated oocyst maturation was associated with mosquitoes taking a second blood meal, independent of serum source. Salivary gland sporozoites from mosquitoes that fed on immune human sera contained bound human IgG, which was detectable by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The infectivity and transmission potential of human IgG-coated sporozoites is unknown.
Toward More Complete Descriptors of Reactivity in Catalysis by Solid Acids

Density functional theory and classical electrostatics are used to develop reactivity descriptors for catalysis by solid acids. Acid strength, as deprotonation energies (DPE), reflects the charge reorganization required to disrupt covalent OH bonds in inorganic acids and the electrostatic forces that resist the separation of protons from conjugate anions. Both charge reorganization (covalent) and electrostatic (ionic) components vary monotonically with DPE on solid acids with different heteroatoms within a given type of oxide framework, but their relative contributions differ among different acid types. Ion-pair transition states recover predominantly the ionic part of the DPE, and the extent to which they recover each component is a unique property of a transition state and thus of an acid-catalyzed reaction, independent of the acid strength or type. These fractional recoveries, together with the ionic and covalent DPE components, a unique property of a solid acid, provide a general and complete descript...
Compensating Volunteers for Injury

Since volunteers will indeed be putting themselves at some degree of risk by their participation in these trials, what responsibilities, if any, will research sponsors have for the treatment and care of injured subjects? Their first responsibility, of course, is to provide medical treatment for any physical problems that may develop in a subject as a result of their participation in the trial. That responsibility is clear and uncontroversial. But what about the emergence of injuries that are not susceptible to medical treatment? How should persons who undergo injuries of this sort be dealt with? And what about the possibility of subjects who may die as a result of their participation in a research protocol? How should their survivors be compensated?
Romancing the Law: Ally McBeal and the Art of Subversive Comedy

The television sitcom Ally McBeal drew large audiences and won many awards, but the series also had detractors who felt that it demeaned both women lawyers and the legal profession. People loved and hated the show, but no one has thought it a serious commentary on the American legal system. I think it is time to take Ally McBeal seriously. I believe that its creator David E. Kelley has used the narrative devices of romantic comedy to make a subtle but powerful critique of the American legal system and to suggest a new future for law. It is an excellent example of what I call subversive comedy.
A statistical analysis applied to arc melting tungsten-base alloys

From the above relation, it is apparent that input power is directly related to melting rate, electrode density, and a weighted sum of the ingot and electrode cross-sectional areas. Also, since the data used in the analysis were obtained from seven different melting facilities, it can be concluded that existing differences between melting practices and furnace designs have little or no effect on the correlation among the variables of several sources. A higher degree of correlation, however, might have resulted if sufficient data had been available from a single source and a single alloy composition.
Bayesian techniques to analyze and merge lightning locating system data

As more lightning locating systems (LLSs) become available, there is a growing need to assess how each LLS performs and how to best merge data from multiple LLSs. A Bayesian analysis is used to compare the worldwide data of LLSs from three providers for November 2014 to October 2015: Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN, Earth Networks), the combined data from the Global Lightning Detection 360 and National Lightning Detection Network (Vaisala), and the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN, University of Washington). By using the union of the data sets we are able to determine an estimate for the upper limit of the absolute detection efficiency of each system. Globally, ENTLN detected 56.8% of the discharges, the combined Vaisala networks detected 59.8%, and WWLLN detected 7.9%. In addition, there were 2.842 × 109 unique discharges detected by these LLSs, an average of 90.1 strokes/s.
Fatal orbito-cerebral penetration by industrial grease viscous: Rare case report:

Assorted projectiles including shrapnel, sling shots, stones, metal and rock fragments and other missiles cause fatal penetrating skull injuries. In this case, a 34-year-old foreman suffered a fatal penetrating orbito-cerebral injury while lubricating a hydraulic rock-splitting machine with industrial grease viscous.
Impact of Graft Source on Immune Recovery: Comparions Between Unrelated Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB), HLA Matched Sibling (Sib) Donor and Autologous (Auto) Hematopoietic Stem Cells.

Abstract 3731 Both T cell and natural killer (NK) cell reconstitution have been shown to affect clinical outcomes after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) interactions between alloreactive NK cells and their targets can prevent relapse, but may be dysregulated, especially after T cell replete HSCT. T cell recovery is also affected by the stem cell source and T cell content of the graft. To better understand the effects of various NK and T cell subsets we evaluated lymphocyte recovery in 304 adult patients who received either UCB (n=116), Sib (n=84) or Auto (n=94) HSCT for hematologic malignancies between 2003 and 2010 at the University of Minnesota. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained at 3 months after HSCT were stained with CD56, CD3, CD4, CD8, and a cocktail of anti-NK cell KIR antibodies to determine the relative percentage of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. The absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was measured and used to calculate the absolute (Abs) number of T and NK cells and their subsets. ALC recovery at 3 months was similar among groups (UCB: 901.9 ± 74.5, Sib 890.2 ± 73.0 and Auto 1076.7± 69.4 cells/ul). Abs NK cells were highest in the UCB cohort (375.4 ± 24.9) vs. Sib (183.8 ± 15.4; p In summary, rapid recovery of T cells predicts significantly better survival in patients undergoing UCB and Sib HSCT, while the NK cell effects are less pronounced. In contrast, NK cell effects predominate after Auto HCT. This suggests that more rapid T cell recovery is critical for survival and that defects in NK cell education after allogeneic HSCT may affect their function such that just increasing numbers may not be sufficient for clinical benefit. Appropriate modifications to immune suppression or the use of agents that promote T cell (IL-7) and/or NK cell (IL-15) function and survival may positively influence survival outcomes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Wirtschaftlicher Einsatz von Energieflexibilität als Lösungsbaustein der Energiewende

Kurzfassung Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Uberblick uber die markttechnischen und produktionsorganisatorischen Erkenntnisse, welche im Zuge des dreijahrigen Forschungsprojekts FOREnergy erarbeitet wurden. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie produzierende Unternehmen in Deutschland mit den Herausforderungen des Strommarktes umgehen konnen und mit welchen organisatorischen Moglichkeiten dies auf dem betrieblichen Hallenboden umgesetzt werden kann. Dabei stehen Ansatze fur die Produktionsplanung und -steuerung einer energieflexiblen Fabrik sowie fur die betriebs- und volkswirtschaftliche Bewertung energieflexiblen Verhaltens im Vordergrund.
Do sleep disturbances mediate the association between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms among nurses? A cross-sectional study.

Introduction Depression has been identified as the leading cause of disability worldwide. Nurses report higher rates of depression than the general public. Work-family conflict is challenging for nurses and may lead to depression and poor health. However, the mechanisms for the effect of work-family conflict on depression haven't been well understood. Aim The objective is to use a cross-sectional design to examine the role of sleep disturbances in the association between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms in nurses. Methods Questionnaires, measuring working conditions, work-family conflict, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms, were collected from 397 nurses at a not-for-profit community hospital in the northeastern United States. Results We observed a significant association between work-family conflict and depressive symptoms (β=2.22, p<.001) among nurses. Sleep disturbances partially mediated this association by 40.54%. Discussion Sleep disturbances play an important role in translating work-family conflict into depressive symptoms. Implications Evidence-based interventions to promote healthy sleep practices should be evaluated for their effectiveness in addressing the impact of work-family conflict on mental health. Organizations should include sleep education and training as a component of workplace health promotion and employee assistance programs to mitigate the effect of work-family conflict and promote overall health in nurses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Relationship between intramammary infection prevalence and somatic cell score in commercial dairy herds

We examined consistency of the relationship between intramammary infection (IMI) and somatic cell score (SCS) across several classes of cow, herd, and sampling time variables. Microbial cultures of composite milk samples were performed by New York Quality Milk Production Services from 1992 to 2004. SCS was from the most recent Dairy Herd Improvement test before IMI sampling. Records were analyzed from 79,308 cows in 1,124 commercial dairy herds representing a broad range of production systems. Three binary dependent variables were presence or absence of contagious IMI, environmental IMI, and all IMI. Independent variables in the initial models were SCS, SCS2, lactation number, days in milk, sample day milk yield, use of coliform mastitis vaccine, participant type (required by regulation or voluntary), production system (type of housing, milking system, and herd size), season of sampling, year of sampling, and herd; also the initial models included interactions of SCS and SCS2 with other independent variables, except herd and milk yield. Interaction terms characterize differences in the IMI-SCS relationship across classes of the independent variables. Models were derived using the Glimmix macro in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with a logistic link function and employing backward elimination. The final model for each dependent variable included all significant independent variables and interactions. Simplified models omitted SCS2 and all interactions with SCS. Interactions of SCS with days in milk, use of coliform mastitis vaccine, participant type, season, and year were not significant in any of the models. Interaction of SCS with production system was significant for the all IMI model, whereas interaction of SCS with lactation number was significant for the environmental and all IMI models. Each 1 point increase in SCS (or doubling of somatic cell count) was associated with a 2.3, 5.5%, and 9.1% increase in prevalence of contagious, environmental, and all IMI, respectively. Empirical receiver operator characteristic curves and areas under the curve were derived for final and simplified models. The areas under the curve for simplified and final models within each type of IMI differed by 0.009 or less. We concluded that the relationship of IMI with SCS was generally stable over time and consistent across seasons, production systems, and cow factors.
Reaction to Shope, Real World Problem-Solving in the Digital Classroom

This is a response to Mark Shope’s Indiana Law Review article “Reflections on Real World Problem-Solving in the Digital Classroom,” the premise of which is that online learning presents a unique opportunity to connect students to law practice.
The health and physical readiness of Army reservists : A current review of the literature and significant research questions

Individual soldier combat readiness through enhanced physical fitness is a major emphasis in the United States military today. Unfortunately, the prevalence of cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and other poor health practices continues to be reported at higher rates for active duty military personnel than for civilian populations. There is a dearth of research about health and fitness in the Army Reserve. Changing trends point toward more rapid mobilization of reservists for peacekeeping and combat missions throughout the world; however, it is important to remember that the Army Reserve is unique in its blending of both military and civilian occupational environments. The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature regarding Army Reserve health behaviors and physical readiness. Examples of significant future research questions are provided. More studies are needed to assess both individual motivational activities and organizational values that enhance health-promoting efforts. Interventions can then be designed to eliminate impediments to health and endorse specific organizational values and interpersonal skills that increase healthy behaviors.
Classification of particle height in a hopper bin from limited discharge data using convolutional neural network models

Abstract Hopper bin discharge processes are ubiquitous in many industrial applications. The preponderance of previous studies of this system has been focused on the forward discharge process given an initial particle packing configuration. Motivated by the needs in reaction design and optimization, we develop here an inverse reconstruction procedure that enables one to obtain the particle height information in the initial packing configuration in the hopper bin from limited discharge dynamics data and particle characteristics. Our procedure is based on convolutional neural network (CNN) models, which take experimentally measurable particle residence time, diameter and density as input, and provide a classification of particle height in the initial packing as output. Using MFIX-DEM simulations with enhanced physical modeling capabilities, we generate extensive discharge data for hoppers containing two distinct solid phase particles with four distinct classes of initial packing geometries. The CNN reconstruction models are subsequently trained and tested using the discharge data. We find that the reconstruction (i.e., particle height classification) accuracy strongly depends on the initial packing geometry. For hopper-specific CNN models exclusively trained using discharge data from a single hopper, the classification can attain an accuracy up to almost 90%. The accuracy decreases for generic reconstruction models trained using a collection of discharge data for multiple hoppers. Finally, we apply the CNN model to accurately reconstruct a hopper containing four distinct solid phases with a layered configuration to further demonstrate its utility.
Chapter 32 – Family Papillomaviridae

Papillomaviruses (PVs) are naked icosahedral viruses with circular double-stranded (ds) DNA genomes. They are quite stable in the environment. PVs have a strict tropism for epithelial cells and their replication induces benign hyperplasia of the skin to form common warts. Productive infection of PVs requires differentiation of keratinocytes thus these viruses cannot productively infect transformed cells. PVs are quite host specific and cross-species transmission is very rare. Over 100 types of human PVs (HPVs) have been identified. Infection by a small set of high-risk HPVs can lead to development of anogenital cancers. Vaccines that target high-risk HPVs are proving useful in decreasing the incidence of cervical cancer.
A review of building information modeling (BIM) and the internet of things (IoT) devices integration: Present status and future trends

Abstract The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with real-time data from the Internet of Things (IoT) devices presents a powerful paradigm for applications to improve construction and operational efficiencies. Connecting real-time data streams from the rapidly expanding set of IoT sensor networks to the high-fidelity BIM models provides numerous applications. However, BIM and IoT integration research are still in nascent stages, there is a need to understand the current situation of BIM and IoT device integration. This paper conducts a comprehensive review with the intent to identify common emerging areas of application and common design patterns in the approach to tackling BIM-IoT device integration along with an examination of current limitations and predictions of future research directions. Altogether, 97 papers from 14 AEC related journals and databases in other industry over the last decade were reviewed. Several prevalent domains of application namely Construction Operation and Monitoring, Health & Safety Management, Construction Logistic & Management, and Facility Management were identified. The authors summarized 5 integration methods with description, examples, and discussion. These integration methods are utilizing BIM tools' APIs and relational database, transform BIM data into a relational database using new data schema, create new query language, using semantic web technologies and hybrid approach. Based on the observed limitations, prominent future research directions are suggested, focusing on service-oriented architecture (SOA) patterns and web services-based strategies for BIM and IoT integration, establishing information integration & management standards, solving interoperability issue, and cloud computing.
Seizure comorbidity boosts odds of 30-day readmission after an index hospitalization for sepsis

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between comorbid seizures and hospital readmissions within 30 days following an index hospitalization for sepsis. Methods We analyzed data from 445,489 adult discharges derived from the 2014 National Readmission Database, to evaluate the association of an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis of seizure during an index hospitalization for sepsis and 30-day readmission rates. We excluded patients who died during hospitalization and those who had missing information on the length of stay or were discharged in December 2014. Prespecified groups were compared by their 30-day readmission and seizure status. We applied a multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the independent association between seizure and readmission. Results Nearly one out of 15 patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of sepsis had comorbid seizures, of which 97% were status epilepticus. Patients with sepsis and comorbid seizures were 30% more likely to be readmitted within 30-days postdischarge, compared to those with sepsis and no comorbid seizures. Additional factors associated with a significantly higher risk for hospital readmission included male sex, age 45–84 years, increased length of stay and cost of primary admission, greater medical comorbidities, and discharge destination. Patients with seizures during their index hospitalization were significantly more likely to have also had a concurrent stroke or the central nervous system (CNS) infection compared with patients without seizures. Conclusions Seizures are not uncommon, and patients with sepsis and comorbid seizures are 30% more likely to be readmitted within 30-days postdischarge, compared to those with sepsis and no comorbid seizures.
Advection Impacts the Firn Structure of Greenland's Percolation Zone

Abstract. One dimensional simulations of firn evolution neglect horizontal transport during burial. Using a suite of model runs, we demonstrate the impacts of advection on the development of firn density, temperature, and the stratigraphy of melt features the 0Greenland ice sheet percolation zone. The simulations isolate processes in synthetic runs, and investigate four specific transects and an ice core site. The advection process tends to increase the pore close-off depth, reduce the heat content, and decrease the frequency of melt features with depth by emplacing firn sourced from higher locations under increasingly warm and melt-affected surface conditions. Horizontal ice flow interacts with topography, climate gradients, and meltwater infiltration to influence the evolution of the firn column structure; the interaction between these variables modulates the impact of advection on firn at locations around Greenland. Pore close-off and firn temperature are mainly impacted in the lowermost 20 km of the percolation zone, which may be relevant to migration of the lower percolation zone. Relatively high in the percolation zone, however, the stratigraphy of melt features can have an advection derived component that should not be conflated with changing climate.
Southern Rural Public Schools: A Study of Teacher Perspectives

This ethnography explores teachers’ perspectives of the cultural issues affecting academic performance in twelve public high schools in rural Mississippi and Louisiana. From a thematic analysis of the tape-recorded interviews of forty-one mathematics teachers, five categories emerged, each comprising a qualitative aspect of teaching high school in an economically depressed area of the deep South: society, race, students, families, and schools. Each of these categories is discussed and explicated using exemplars from the interviews to show how each category emerged from the data. In addition, the relationships among these categories, which form a destructive cycle of poverty, low expectations, poor academic achievement, and inadequate opportunity, are discussed. Implications of this research for teachers and policy makers are explored.
Blending research and teaching through high-altitude balloon projects

Space environment research, remote sensing, meteorology, electronics, computer control, telemetry, power generation, mechanical and electrical engineering, radio propagation, tracking and recovery all come in to play when designing, building, launching, and recovering a near-space payload. Project coordination, finance, and coordinating with government agencies such as the FAA also come into play. Since its inception in 1998, the UND High Altitude Balloon Project has flown over 40 flights with a recovery rate of greater than 90%. In this paper we will cover the history of the project and discuss the progression of a high-altitude balloon mission concept, through the development of the associated mission architecture, design reviews, and the actual flight of the payload. We will focus on the utility of this approach for exposing students to the systems engineering process, and how we have folded high-altitude balloon activities into university courses and student-driven university projects.
When Should States Challenge Mergers: A Proposed Federal/State Balance

This article critically analyzes the current system of United States merger enforcement, under which both federal and State antitrust enforcers scrutinizes and potentially can challenge any merger that affects interstate commerce. This article develops and proposes an alternative, a voluntary division of responsibility patterned after the European Union's approach. Under this alternative federal enforcers normally would defer to State enforcers for certain specified mergers, and State enforcers normally would defer to federal enforcers for other specified mergers.
Fast and robust all-electron density functional theory calculations in solids using orthogonalized enriched finite elements

We present a computationally efficient approach to perform systematically convergent real-space all-electron Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations for solids using an enriched finite element (FE) basis. The enriched FE basis is constructed by augmenting the classical FE basis with atom-centered numerical basis functions, comprising of atomic solutions to the Kohn-Sham problem. Notably, to improve the conditioning, we orthogonalize the enrichment functions with respect to the classical FE basis, without sacrificing the locality of the resultant basis. In addition to improved conditioning, this orthogonalization procedure also renders the overlap matrix block diagonal, greatly simplifying its inversion. Subsequently, we use a Chebyshev polynomial based filtering technique to efficiently compute the occupied eigenspace in each self-consistent field iteration. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach on periodic unit cells and supercells. The benchmark studies show a staggering $130\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ speedup of the orthogonalized enriched FE basis over the classical FE basis. We also present a comparison of the orthogonalized enriched FE basis with the linearized augmented plane-wave $+$ local orbitals basis, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Notably, we demonstrate that the orthogonalized enriched FE basis can handle large system sizes of $\ensuremath{\sim}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}000$ electrons. Finally, we observe good parallel scalability of our implementation with $92%$ efficiency at $22\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ speedup for a system with 620 electrons.
Brian A. Smith’s Hayekian Walker Percy

Brian A. Smith submits that Walker Percy “placed great emphasis on the dangers of functional or utilitarian definitions of law” that deny personhood, or the quality of being human. This essay examines Smith’s study of Percy in light of Friedrich Hayek’s anti-utilitarian jurisprudence, which champions political decentralization and the devolution of power to local authorities. Smith, not Percy, is my principal subject, in particular his recent book, "Walker Percy and the Politics of the Wayfarer." I consider Percy’s account of decentralization and localism, as presented by Smith, through a Hayekian lens. Hayek’s notion of cosmos (a legal order that is grown, evolutionary, endogenous, spontaneous, and complex, and that disperses power rather than centralizing it) complements Percy’s sense of place and community as naturally ordering forces. Smith channels Hayek by insisting that “the expert’s relentless pursuit of improvement erodes the layman individual’s capacity for choice, and thus, adds anxiety and displacement in an ever-changing world."
Sudden Gains in Two Trauma-Focused Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Abstract In the current study, we examined the degree to which sudden gains (large, rapid, and stable symptom reduction in a one-session interval) predicted treatment outcome in adults randomized to two different trauma-focused treatments. Adults diagnosed with PTSD were randomized to either written exposure therapy (WET; n = 63), a brief, exposure-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or the more time-intensive Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT; n = 63). Findings showed that 20.6% of participants who received WET and 17.5% of participants who received CPT experienced sudden gains. Sudden gains occurred earlier in WET (M session = 2.69, SD = 0.75) than in CPT (M session = 5.64, SD = 3.01). However, there were no treatment condition differences in the magnitude of the sudden gains. Treatment outcomes were significantly better for those who experienced sudden gains compared with those who did not, regardless of treatment assignment. Exploratory analyses of participants’ trauma narratives revealed that expressing more negative emotion predicted the occurrence of sudden gains in both treatment conditions. Negative beliefs about the self and others did not predict sudden gains. The findings are discussed in terms of how they may help identify individual early response patterns that predict outcomes in trauma-focused treatments.
TGF-β: Guardian of T Cell Function

A fundamental aspect of the adaptive immune system is the generation and maintenance of a diverse and self-tolerant T cell repertoire. Through its regulation of T cell development, homeostasis, tolerance, and differentiation, the highly evolutionarily conserved cytokine TGF-β critically supports a functional T cell pool. The pleiotropic nature of this regulation is likely due to the elaborate control of TGF-β production and activation in the immune system, and the intricacy of TGF-β signaling pathways. In this review we discuss the current understanding of TGF-β regulation of T cells.
Plasma Protein Binding of Challenging Compounds

Accurately determining fraction unbound (fu ) with currently available methods has been challenging for certain compounds. Inaccurate fu values can lead to the misinterpretation of important attributes of a drug candidate. Our analysis of over 2000 Pfizer drug discovery compounds showed no systematic bias in low or high fu precision using the equilibrium dialysis method. However, the accuracy of the plasma protein binding (PPB) estimate for highly bound compounds may be poor, should equilibrium not be fully achieved in the equilibrium dialysis assay. Here, a dilution method and a presaturation method were applied to accelerate equilibration for a set of challenging compounds. These improved methods demonstrate the ability to provide an accurate measurement of PPB for highly bound compounds with fu values much less than 1%. Therefore, we recommend that the actual experimental fu value be used for the prediction of drug-drug interaction potential and for the characterization of important drug candidate properties. Our recommendation calls into question the need for current regulatory guidelines that restrict the reporting of fu values below 1%.
Life forms and meaning structure

Introductory Part. Part 1: Theory of Life Forms and Symbol Concept Life Forms and Meaning Structure Part 2: Theory of the Structure of the Objectification of Meaning Meaning Structures of Language. Meaning Structures of Literary Art Forms. Meaning Structures of Drama and Opera Part 3: Object and Method of the Social Sciences
Gender Identity Disorder

Gender identity is a psychological concept that refers to one's subjective sense of being male or female. The intensity of gender identity exists along a continuum and therefore may vary between individuals. Gender identity disorder is a mental disorder in which gender identity is incongruent with anatomical sex (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). As a consequence, individuals with gender identity disorder experience varying degrees of dissatisfaction with their designated anatomical birth sex. In extreme cases (transsexualism) they express and pursue their desire to live and have the body of a person of the opposite sex as well as be viewed socially as a person of the opposite sex. Keywords: gender identity; transsexualism; intersex; anatomical sex; cross-dressing
Supersonic Beam Epitaxy of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors

The advent of wide band gap semiconductors is ushering in an era of high frequency semiconductor devices: blue LED’s, high temperature/high power transistors, “visible blind” ultraviolet photodetectors, and blue to ultraviolet solid state lasers [1]. III-N nitrides are the materials of choice for such applications, particularly GaN with its direct band gap of 3.4 eV. Unlike conventional semiconductors, III-N semiconductors cannot be grown from the melt but must be deposited expitaxially onto a suitable substrate under carefully controlled conditions. The established techniques for this are Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) and, to a lesser extent, Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) [2]. Alternative techniques based on supersonic beams are now attracting attention, both as a deposition tool and as a probe of the still poorly understood fundamentals of the III-N deposition. Of specific utility are the energy selectivity, state selectivity, enthalpy storage, and high flux attainable in a supersonic free-jet expansion. We discuss two supersonic jets of particular relevance to III-N deposition, seeded supersonic free-jets [3] and discharge supersonic free-jets [4].
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosomal breakpoints at 11q23.

Twenty-one (5.7%) of 368 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), studied fully for karyotype and immunophenotype, had breakpoints in the q23 region of chromosome 11. This abnormality resulted from reciprocal translocation in 17 cases [with chromosomes 4 (n = 5), 10 (n = 2), and variable chromosomes (n = 10)], from deletions in three cases, and from a duplication in one case. The 17 children with 11q23 translocations had higher leukocyte counts (P less than .01) and were more likely to be black (P less than .01) and younger (P = .08) as compared with each of the following non-11q23 translocation groups: t(1;19), t(9;22), random translocations, and cases without translocations. Event-free survival at 3 years for the 11q23 translocation group did not differ significantly from that of the t(1;19), t(9;22), or random translocation groups. Leukemic cells from ten of the 21 patients with an 11q23 structural chromosomal abnormality had an immunophenotype indicative of B-lineage ALL (HLA-DR+, CD19+, CD2-, CD3-); this was confirmed by the presence of rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes in seven cases. In eight of these ten B-lineage cases, the blasts were negative for expression of the CD10 antigen, indicating a primitive stage of B-cell development. Four cases were classified as T- cell ALL, and seven others were characterized by blasts that failed to react with our panel of lineage-associated monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Myeloid antigens were expressed by leukemic cells in three of the cases that were tested. The initial clinical features associated with translocations involving the 11q23 chromosomal region may define a distinct subtype of ALL. Whether the constellation of findings relates to a breakpoint at 11q23 per se or to the specific translocation will require further study.
Tradeoffs between sensory attributes and organic labels: the case of orange juice

Researchers have investigated the role of sensory attributes and organic labels on consumers’ preferences and perceptions of food, but few has examined whether sensory attributes are relevant for consumers who prefer organic food and the extent to which sensory attributes influence consumer's marginal willingness to pay for organic food. The objective of this study is to determine how sensory attributes and organic label work together to influence consumer's stated preference and marginal willingness to pay for orange juice. To achieve this, we conducted a blind sensory evaluation of two orange juices followed by a discrete choice experiment to determine the extent to which consumer's stated preference for orange juice labelled as organic is affected by sensory experience preceding the choice experiment. Random parameter logit models and latent class conditional logit models are used to explain stated preference. Results indicate that the effect of sensory attributes on consumer's marginal willingness to pay differed by organic juice and conventional juice.
Spontaneous Order, Liberty, and Austrian Economics

This essay is a response to five essays that collectively constituted a symposium sponsored by Studies in Emergent Order on my 2010 book, Mind, Society, and Human Action: Time and Knowledge in a Theory of Social Economy. This essay offers individual reactions to each of the five contributors (Adam Martin, Peter Boettke, Roger Koppl, Paul Lewis, and Bruce Benson), and closes with some general reflections on spontaneous order theorizing in relation to economics and liberty.
Total serum cholesterol, atherogenic indices and their longitudinal association with depressive symptoms among US adults

Serum cholesterol, both total and lipoprotein fractions, has been associated with mid- and late-life depression. Using longitudinal data on a large and ethnically diverse sample of urban adults, the associations of serum lipid profile measured by high or low total cholesterol (TC; >200 mg dl(-1); <160 mg dl(-1)) and by atherogenic indices, namely high total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol relative to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with change in total and domain-specific depressive symptoms over time were examined. Findings were compared by sex. (Hypothesis 1) In addition, baseline depressive symptoms as predictors for longitudinal change in lipid profile trajectory were tested. (Hypothesis 2) Mixed-effects regression analyses stratified by sex was used. Sample sizes of participants (n) and repeated observations (n') were: Hypothesis 1 (Men: n=826 ; n'=1319; Women: n=1099 ; n'=1817); Hypothesis 2 (Men: n=738; n'=1230; Women: n=964; n'=1678). As hypothesized, a higher level of atherogenic indices was linked to faster increase in depressive symptom scores, particularly depressed affect and interpersonal problems, though this relationship was found only among women. Among men a U-shaped relationship between baseline TC and longitudinal increase in somatic complaints and a direct link between low TC and longitudinal putative improvement in positive affect was found. On excluding statin users among women, low TC was associated with slower increase in depressed affect over time, whereas high TC was associated with faster increase in interpersonal problems. In summary, atherogenic indices were directly linked to faster increase in depressive symptoms among women only. More studies are needed to explain these sex-specific associations.
Modulation of the catabolic activity of glucagon by endogenous insulin secretion in obese man.

The response to exogenous glucagon administration was examined in 5 moderately obese subjects (180±20% ideal body weight) and 5 normal weight controls. Changes in the plasma concentration of glucagon, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate were observed after both a 1.0 µg/kg or 2.0 µg/kg bolus i.v. glucagon injection. At the lowest dose of glucagon (1.0 µg/kg) the obese group exhibited a markedly altered tissue response. In contrast to the uniform increase in free fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate concentration in all normal weight subjects, 4 of the 5 and 3 of the 5 obese subjects respectively demonstrated a decline in the plasma concentration of these two hormonally sensitive substrates. This ‘resistance’ to the catabolic action of glucagon was overcome at a higher dosage of glucagon (2.0 µg/kg) and was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the ratio of glucagon administered to the insulin secreted. Our study demonstrates a relative resistance to two of the catabolic actions of glucagon in obesity. Although the mechanism of this resistance is not resolved by this study, the hyperinsulinism present in all our obese subjects may be a contributory factor.
Development of a multi-stage cloud water collector Part 2: Numerical and experimental calibration

Abstract Results from a numerical and laboratory experimental evaluation of the new Colorado State University (CSU) 5-Stage cloud water collector are presented. The CSU 5-Stage collector is a cascade inertial impactor developed to obtain samples of cloud water in five independent size fractions for chemical analysis. To determine the populations of drops that are collected during operation, numerically predicted and experimentally measured 50% cut diameters and collection efficiency curves were generated. Laboratory calibration of the CSU 5-Stage collector, using a fluorometric technique, provided an accurate assessment of collector performance that could be used to evaluate the numerical predictions. The experimentally determined 50% cut diameter for the first stage was 25.5 μm, while the second stage had a slightly higher 50% cut diameter of 29 μm. Stages three, four, and five had 50% cut diameters of 17.5, 10.5, and 4.5 μm, respectively. These are comparable to the design 50% cut diameters of 30, 25, 15, 10, and 4 μm. The numerical analysis of the collector was performed with the computational fluid dynamics software package FLUENT. Simulations of the continuous phase (air) flow field and discrete phase (cloud drop) trajectories were performed. For all stages, the efficiency curves derived from trajectories based on mean continuous phase velocities overestimate the 50% cut diameters and have unrealistically steep slopes when compared to the experimental calibration results. The curves based on trajectories that include turbulent velocity fluctuations provide a better representation of the experimentally determined 50% cut diameters and the overall shape of the efficiency curves for drop diameters >50% cut diameter. For drops