cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interface between somatic psychotherapy and dance/movement therapy: a critical analysis

AbstractJust as a child’s neurodevelopment becomes more sophisticated with life experience, somatic psychotherapy and dance/movement therapy, now in their eighth decade, are approaching a more intricate stage of growth. As each discipline grows in complexity, conflicts have risen regarding the concept of identity. The recent debate of whether dance/movement therapy is one of the somatic psychotherapies or its own discipline is a necessary and exciting ‘growing pain’ in the evolution of embodied psychotherapy practices. This paper provides a historic overview and uses a systems theory framework to compare the disciplines with data derived from original and recent literature. Practices, education and governance of each discipline are presented as they exist in the United States. Findings illustrate the comparison and offer clarity on the current trend towards integration. Suggestions are made for further critical thinking to develop awareness towards an evolved perspective of embodied psychotherapy practices.
Neptunium(V) Incorporation/Sorption with Uranium(VI) Alteration Products

An initial uranium phase that has been observed to form during the corrosion of spent nuclear fuel is the uranium oxy-hydroxide metaschoepite. It has been proposed that neptunium(V) solubility can be limited by its association with this uranium phase. Metaschoepite has been synthesized in the presence of neptunium(V) over the pH range modeled in the proposed Yucca Mountain geologic repository. Uranium (VI) phases were synthesized by varying pH and neptunium concentrations. Results of neptunium association with the uranium alteration phases are presented and the relationship to dissolved neptunium concentrations discussed.
Consideration on nonclinical evaluation for the conduct of human clinical trails and marketing authorization for new anticancer drugs

Nonclinical evaluation can be involved in the whole process of clinical trail and marketing application.International conference on harmonization(ICH) drafted a step 2 guidance(M3)with nonclinical evaluation for the conduct of human clinical trails and marketing authorization for pharmaceutics.As for anticancer drugs,ICH M3 indicated that,pharmaceuticals under development for indications in life threatening or serious diseases(e.g.,advanced cancer,) without current effective therapy might do as case-bycase approach.This article discussed the nonclinical evaluation consideration for oncology drugs,which will give some suggestions for new anticancer drug research and evaluation.
The Honor of a Name: Marital Status, Property, and the Patronymic

Divorce proceedings after 1884 provided one concrete space where individuals used the honor culture to negotiate new forms of symbolic citizenship for women. But the introduction of the Naquet law also generated several legislative, judicial, and feminist debates during the fin de siecle over a related aspect of familial honor that had significant implications for female civil identity: the patronymic. Bourgeois men and women had long been concerned about protecting the honor of their family names, due to the appellation’s close connection to property and public reputation. However, as the next two chapters will show, the possibility of legalized divorce raised new anxieties for parliamentarians, judges, and women’s activists about the instability of female identity and the patrimonial functions of male honor. The marital name became a point of contention around which several political deliberations on women’s capacity for citizenship revolved. In this chapter and the next one, on feminist discussions of the patronymic and feminine titles, I continue to consider how divorce was related to women’s subversion of the male honor culture and to their attempts to develop an autonomous civil and civic identity detached from that of their husbands.
Extended Jones matrix method. II

We derive an extended Jones matrix method to treat the transmission of light through birefringent networks, where the incident angle of light and the optical axis of the birefringent media are arbitrary. As an example, we employ the method to analyze the leakage problem of a twisted nematic liquid-crystal display and to suggest its possible solutions. A generalization of the method covers all dielectric media, including uniaxial and biaxial crystals and also gyrotropic materials that exhibit optical rotation and Faraday rotation.
Impact of a State Law on Physician Practice in Sports-Related Concussions.

Objective To determine physician-reported adherence to and support of the 2010 Massachusetts youth concussion law, as well as barriers to care and clinical practice in the context of legislation. Study design Primary care physicians (n = 272) in a large pediatric network were eligible for a cross-sectional survey in 2014. Survey questions addressed key policy and practice provisions: concussion knowledge, state regulations and training, practice patterns, referrals, patient characteristics, and barriers to care. Analyses explored relationships between practice and policy, adjusting for physician demographic and practice characteristics. Results The survey response rate was 64% among all responders (173 of 272). A total of 146 respondents who had evaluated, treated, or referred patients with a suspected sports-related concussion in the previous year were eligible for analysis. The vast majority (90%) of providers agreed that the current Massachusetts laws regarding sports concussions are necessary and support the major provisions. Three-quarters (74%) had taken a required clinician training course on concussions. Those who took training courses were significantly more likely to develop individualized treatment plans (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1-11.0). Physician training did not improve screening of youth with concussion for depression or substance use. Most physicians (77%) advised patients to refrain from computer, telephone, or television for various time periods. Physicians reported limited communication with schools. Conclusions Primary care physicians report being comfortable with the diagnosis and management of concussions, and support statewide regulations; however, adherence to mandated training and specific legal requirements varied. Broader and more frequent training may be necessary to align current best evidence with clinical care and state-mandated practice.
A NEW DIPLOPHALLUS FUHRMANN, 1900 (CESTODA: DIPLOPOSTHIDAE) FROM THE MOUNTAIN VICCACHA, LAGIDIUM PERUANUM MEYER, 1832, (CHINCHILLIDAE) FROM THE CHILEAN ANDES

Publisher Summary This chapter describes two species of Diplophallus. A third species of Diplophallus parasites mammals occurs in the small intestine of the viccacha, or mountain chinchilla, of the Andes. Diplophallus sp. from the viccacha differs markedly in a number of significant morphological aspects from the two species found in avian hosts. The eggs are distinctly different from those of the other species. They are oval in shape and contain an oval oncosphere surrounded by a closefitting embryophore with thin sides and greatly thickened ends. Each embryophore bears a tail that is as wide and approximately as long as it; the tail lies toward one end of the egg and the embryophore containing the oncosphere the other. There are three internal membranes with the innermost connected to the embryophore by beans of a broad mass.
Standing and the sources of liberalism

Whatever else liberalism involves, it involves the idea that it is objectionable, and often wrong, for the state, or anyone else, to intervene, in certain ways, in certain choices. This article aims to evaluate different possible sources of support for this core liberal idea. The result is a pluralistic view. It defends, but also stresses the limits of, some familiar elements: that some illiberal interventions impair valuable activities and that some violate rights against certain kinds of invasion. More speculatively, it points to two further sources of support for liberalism, each of which represents a certain kind of social standing: a self-sovereignty compromised simply by being subject to certain kinds of commands and a relational equality compromised by the condemnation of choices with which one’s group is identified.
Natural Language Interfaces with Fine-Grained User Interaction: A Case Study on Web APIs

The rapidly increasing ubiquity of computing puts a great demand on next-generation human-machine interfaces. Natural language interfaces, exemplified by virtual assistants like Apple Siri and Microsoft Cortana, are widely believed to be a promising direction. However, current natural language interfaces provide users with little help in case of incorrect interpretation of user commands. We hypothesize that the support of fine-grained user interaction can greatly improve the usability of natural language interfaces. In the specific setting of natural language interface to web APIs, we conduct a systematic study to verify our hypothesis. To facilitate this study, we propose a novel modular sequence-to-sequence model to create interactive natural language interfaces. By decomposing the complex prediction process of a typical sequence-to-sequence model into small, highly-specialized prediction units called modules, it becomes straightforward to explain the model prediction to the user, and solicit user feedback to correct possible prediction errors at a fine-grained level. We test our hypothesis by comparing an interactive natural language interface with its non-interactive version through both simulation and human subject experiments with real-world APIs. We show that with the interactive natural language interface, users can achieve a higher success rate and a lower task completion time, which lead to greatly improved user satisfaction.
Synergy2cloud: introducing cross-sharing of application experiences into the cloud management cycle

Automatically managing collocated cloud applications for improved performance is a hard problem due to the unprecedented scale and the dynamics of the multiplexed cloud environment. Compounding the problem, today's approaches to cloud application management are too limited in the way they acquire information. Monitoring performed by the operator is too low level and application agnostic while monitoring performed by applications in isolation is too restricted. In this paper we propose sharing of application experiences as a cloud and application management building block. To achieve this level of sharing, the current state-of-the-art towards increased isolation among cloud applications needs to be re-thought. Focusing on isolation overlooks and potentially impedes the substantial benefits obtainable through sharing application experiences. We explore the benefits, challenges and incentives associated with sharing application experiences and argue why sharing is a winning proposition for both operators and applications. We also propose a web portal synergy2cloud.com that we hope will serve as a stepping stone for making cross-sharing cloud application experiences a reality.
An overview of results on the existence or nonexistence and the error term of Gauss-Kronrod quadrature formulae

Kronrod in 1964, trying to estimate economically the error of the n-point Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula, developed a new formula by adding to the n Gauss nodes n + 1 new ones, which are determined, together with all weights, such that the new formula has maximum degree of exactness. It turns out that the new nodes are the zeros of a polynomial orthogonal with respect to a variable-sign weight function. This polynomial was considered for the first time by Stieltjes in 1894. Important for the new formula, now appropriately called the Gauss-Kronrod quadrature formula, are properties such as the interlacing of the Gauss nodes with the new nodes, the inclusion of all nodes in the interior of the interval of integration, and the positivity of all quadrature weights. We review, for classical and nonclassical weight functions, the existence or nonexistence and the error term of Gauss-Kronrod formulae having one or more of the aforementioned properties.
Filamentous ssDNA Bacterial Viruses

The prototypical filamentous single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) bacteriophage, Escherichia coli phage M13, consists of a covalently closed DNA circle of 6407 nt coated by 2750 copies of a 50-residue α-helical subunit (pVIII) and five copies of each of four minor coat proteins (pIII, pVI, pVII, pIX) to form a ∼7 × 880 nm filament. The high stability and flexibility of the M13 filament are due to robust hydrophobic contacts between neighboring α-helices of the pVIII sheath. Recent structural studies provide details of pVIII α-helix orientation, side-chain conformations, and electron density along the filament length. Infection is initiated by host pilus-specific recognition involving pIII and the Tol–Pal network of E. coli envelope proteins. Additional virally encoded proteins (pI, pIV, pXI) mediate extrusion of the nascent virion through the cell envelope and into the extracellular medium without lysis. Interestingly, M13 efficiently packages varying amounts of DNA – up to twice the wild-type genome – enabling its exploitation for cloning and peptide display purposes. The intriguing morphogenetic pathway of M13 also renders the virion an accessible model for the study of membrane-associated nucleoprotein assembly and a potentially valuable tool in biotechnology and nanotechnology applications. Details of the virus life cycle and architecture are discussed.
30-nm Contacted Gate Pitch Back-Gate Carbon Nanotube FETs for Sub-3-nm Nodes

Carbon nanotube FETs (CNFETs) promise significant energy efficiency benefits versus silicon for digital systems. While these projected benefits are for CNFETs with similar geometries as silicon FETs (e.g., top-gate FETs, with the FET gate on top of the channel), the majority of the demonstrated CNFETs leverage back-gate geometries due to ease of fabrication (i.e., the gate is fabricated before and underneath the FET channel). Although back-gate CNFETs have already been experimentally demonstrated, importantly, there lacks any rigorous analysis of their benefits for digital very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. Here, we rigorously quantify, for the first time, the benefits of back-gate geometries: both for enabling aggressive device scaling as well as VLSI circuit energy-delay product (EDP) benefits. The key contributions of this paper are: 1) first analysis of back-gate FET geometries for digital VLSI circuits, showing they enable >1.6× additional EDP benefit for CNFETs due to reduced parasitic capacitances (versus top-gate CNFETs), 2) our analysis shows that leveraging back-gate FETs enables aggressive FET scaling to sub-3-nm technology nodes, and 3) as a feasibility case study, we experimentally realize digital logic circuits that fit within the world's smallest contacted gate pitch to date (CGP, a key metric defining the area of an FET and consequently the technology node) of 30 nm.
Evaluation of percentage-based radon testing requirements for federally funded multi-family housing projects.

AbstractRadon is a leading cause of lung cancer. Recommendations for radon testing in multi-family housing focus on testing a percentage of all units. There is considerable variability among recommendations as well as their implementation. I used the hypergeometric distribution to determine the probability of identifying one or more units with radon at or above 4.0 pCi/L for two prevalences (1:15, the U.S. average) and 1:3 (for states with many homes with radon ≥4.0 pCi/L) using two approaches. First, the distribution was used to evaluate the probability of finding one or more units with radon at or above 4.0 pCi/L when: (1) testing 10% or 25% of a range of ground-floor units; or (2) testing a varying percentage of units in 10-, 20-, or 30- ground-floor unit buildings. Second, the method was used to determine the number of units to be tested to identify one or more units with radon at or above 4.0 pCi/L with 95% probability, given a range of total ground-floor units. Analyses identified that testing 10% o...
Yield and Post-yield Behavior of Fatty-Acid-Functionalized Amidoamine–Epoxy Systems: A Molecular Simulation Study

The effect of alkyl chain in the amidoamine crosslinker on the yield and post-yield behavior using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is studied in this work. Specifically the deformation behavior of two thermosets with and without the alkyl chain are simulated. The yield stress and strain hardening modulus were predicted. It was found that the thermoset with alkyl chain had lower yield stress and strain hardening modulus compared to the one without. Stress partitioning revealed that intermolecular Lennard-Jones (LJ) and covalent interactions contribute significantly to the yield stress and strain hardening modulus in these thermosets while the electrostatic interactions have no significant effect on both. The effect of methylene interactions on the yield and post-yield behavior were also investigated. It was found that the lower yield stress in the thermoset with alkyl chain is due to the dilution effect and the decrease in strain hardening modulus is due to both dilution effect and intramolecular LJ interactions of methylenes. Simulations reveal a trade off between dilution effect and covalent interactions of the system which can be utilized to tune the mechanical properties of thermosets. The major contribution of this work is the computational approach that can be used to discover the effect of additives or other molecular constituents on the deformation characteristics of a thermoset regardless of the deformation mode tensile or compressive.
Vision Ship Information Overlay and Navigation “VISION” System

Modern naval vessels, marvels of systems engineering, combine a myriad of complex solutions into a single, sophisticated machine. Personnel responsible for the safe operation of these ships are required to parse, filter, and process a large array of information in order to make key decisions. Safe navigation requires better processing and interpretation of significant quantities of data, and ensuring this information is made available in an easily consumable fashion.
Sex steroid hormone function in the brain niche: Implications for brain metastatic colonization and progression.

Background While sex hormones and their receptors play well-known roles in progression of primary tumors through direct action on sex steroid hormone-responsive cancer cells, emerging evidence suggest that hormones also play important roles in metastatic progression by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Estrogens and androgens synthesized in gonads and within the brain influence memory, behavior, and outcomes of brain pathologies. Yet, their impact on brain metastatic colonization and progression is just beginning to be explored. Recent findings Estradiol and testosterone cross the blood-brain barrier and are synthesized de novo in astrocytes and other cells within the adult brain. Circulating and brain-synthesized estrogens have been shown to promote brain metastatic colonization of tumors lacking estrogen receptors (ERs), through mechanisms involving the upregulation of growth factors and neurotrophins in ER+ reactive astrocytes. In this review, we discuss additional mechanisms by which hormones may influence brain metastases, through modulation of brain endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia. Conclusion A greater understanding of hormone-brain-tumor interactions may shed further light on the mechanisms underlying the adaptation of cancer cells to the brain niche, and provide therapeutic alternatives modulating the brain metastatic niche.
Vector properties of entanglement in a three-qubit system

We suggest a dynamical vector model of entanglement in a three-qubit system based on isomorphism between su(4) and so(6) Lie algebras. This model allows one to write an evolution equation for three-qubit entanglement parameters under an arbitrary pairwise qubit coupling. Generalizing a Pl\"ucker-type description of three-qubit local invariants we introduce three pairs of real-valued three-dimensional vectors (denoted here as ${\mathbf{A}}_{R,I}$, ${\mathbf{B}}_{R,I}$, and ${\mathbf{C}}_{R,I}$). Magnitudes of these vectors determine two- and three-qubit entanglement parameters of the system. We show that evolution of vectors $\mathbf{A}$, $\mathbf{B}$, and $\mathbf{C}$ under local SU(2) operations is identical to SO(3) evolution of single-qubit Bloch vectors of qubits $a$, $b$, and $c$ correspondingly. At the same time, general two-qubit su(4) Hamiltonians incorporating $a\text{\ensuremath{-}}b$, $a\ensuremath{-}c$, and $b\text{\ensuremath{-}}c$ two-qubit coupling terms generate SO(6) coupling between vectors $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$, $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{C}$, and $\mathbf{B}$ and $\mathbf{C}$ correspondingly. It turns out that dynamics of entanglement induced by different two-qubit coupling terms is entirely determined by mutual orientation of vectors $\mathbf{A}$, $\mathbf{B}$, $\mathbf{C}$. We illustrate the power of this vector description of entanglement by solving quantum control problems involving transformations between $W$, Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger, and biseparable states.
The Mothers and Fathers of the Sociology of Race and Ethnicity: Learning from Them in Eight Lessons:

In this Editorial Feature Review, we reached out to senior race/racism and ethnicity scholars who have theoretically, epistemologically, and empirically contributed in major ways to what we now cal...
HPC I/O Throughput Bottleneck Analysis with Explainable Local Models

With the growing complexity of high-performance computing (HPC) systems, achieving high performance can be difficult because of I/O bottlenecks. We analyze multiple years’ worth of Darshan logs from the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility’s Theta supercomputer in order to understand causes of poor I/O throughput. We present Gauge: a data-driven diagnostic tool for exploring the latent space of supercomputing job features, understanding behaviors of clusters of jobs, and interpreting I/O bottlenecks. We find groups of jobs that at first sight are highly heterogeneous but share certain behaviors, and analyze these groups instead of individual jobs, allowing us to reduce the workload of domain experts and automate I/O performance analysis. We conduct a case study where a system owner using Gauge was able to arrive at several clusters that do not conform to conventional I/O behaviors, as well as find several potential improvements, both on the application level and the system level.
Repair and Augmentation: Overview

Despite technical advancements and rising numbers of rotator cuff repair (RCR) procedures, the rate of failure and re-tearing remains a significant issue. An effort to augment the repair with various types of patches or implants has made its way into practice in an attempt to increase successful outcomes. The goal of augmentation is to decrease the incidence of re-tearing of the repair and necessary revisions. Augmentation of the RCR is one method by which surgeons are trying to improve the quality and durability of the repaired rotator cuff.
Origins of Political Extremism: Mass Violence in the Twentieth Century and Beyond

Introduction Part I. Theory and Empirics: 1. The ephemeral gain: intimations of the politically finite 2. Mortality salience: intimations of the corporeally finite 3. Cases Part II. The Secular 'Isms': 4. Fascism 5. Communism Part III. An Ostensibly Sacred 'Ism': 6. Radical Islamism: foundations 7. Contemporary radical Islamist movements 8. Muslims in India Part IV. Extreme Nationalism: 9. Sri Lankan Tamils 10. Poland 11. The Balkans 12. The rampaging military 13. Variations in genocidal behavior Part V. Conclusion: 14. Pathways to extremism 15. Ethics and morality: the rejection of traditional moral restraints 16. War, peace, and the decline of extremism.
Beginnings and Endings

In this paper, I will illustrate the way in which Franz Brentano applied the techniques of philosophical analysis to one of the most perplexing areas of metaphysics — a set of aporiae about motion and rest and about coming into being and passing away. These questions, which were suggested by Aristotle, were discussed at length by philosophers in the scholastic tradition. And they led Mendelssohn — at least, according to the way in which Kant interprets him — to conclude that the soul is immortal. I believe that anyone who is concerned about these questions could profit by considering what Brentano has said about them.
The point spectrum of Frobenius-Perron and Koopman operators

We present some results on the point spectrum of the FrobeniusPerron operator P: L1 -+ L1 and the Koopman operator U: L? Lo associated with a nonsingular transformation S: X -+ X on a a-finite measure space (X,E,,t).
Suicide Prevention Programs: Issues of Design, Implementation, Feasibility, and Developmental Appropriateness

Emerging models of prevention focus on population-level risk reduction through enumerating antecedent conditions that are linked to subsequent expressions of disorder and dysfunction. The authors discuss the essential ingredients for successful prevention programs--comprehensiveness, fidelity, and intensity. The authors describe how to mount prevention programs to increase feasibility, access, and effectiveness. Suicide is an epidemic of low frequency in the general population and therefore does not receive appropriate attention in public health prevention campaigns. They argue for nesting suicide prevention programs within existing public health preventive intervention programs and provide some examples of how to reduce vulnerabilities and risk conditions for subsequent suicidal behaviors.
Studies of pHi in rabbit esophageal basal and squamous epithelial cells in culture.

Abstract Rabbit esophageal epithelium grown in primary culture enabled the study of intracellular pH (pH i ) regulation at two distinct stages in the life cycle of the epithelial cell: basal and mature squamous. pH i was measured in single basal and mature squamous cells after loading with the fluorescent probe 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(and -6)carboxyfluorescein at 25 °C in a nominally bicarbonate-free HEPES buffer. The results revealed that the resting pH i was higher and the intrinsic buffer capacity lower (at pH values ≤ 7.6) in basal compared with mature squamous cells. In addition, both types recovered from an acid load (NH 4 Cl prepulse) by an Na + -de-pendent, amiloride-inhibitable process consistent with an Na+H+ antiporter. However, hydrogen ion extrusion rates by the Na+H+ antiporter, even after taking into account buffer capacity and acid loading, were two to four times as fast for basal as for mature squamous cells. Further, mature squamous cell but not basal cell recovery from an acid load deteriorated with time (3 weeks) in culture. These results establish the use of primary cultures for studying pH i regulation at different stages in the epithelial cell life cycle and document that basal and mature squamous cells show Na+H+ antiport activity for extrusion of an acid load but that this activity diminishes in effectiveness as the cell matures.
Targeted modification of the apolipoprotein B gene results in hypobetalipoproteinemia and developmental abnormalities in mice

Abstract Familial hypobetalipoproteinemia is an autosomal codominant disorder resulting in a dramatic reduction in plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B, cholesterol, and beta-migrating lipoproteins. A benefit of hypobetalipoproteinemia is that mildly affected individuals may be protected from coronary vascular disease. We have used gene targeting to generate mice with a modified Apob allele. Mice containing this allele display all of the hallmarks of human hypobetalipoproteinemia: they produce a truncated apoB protein, apoB70, and have markedly decreased plasma concentrations of apoB, beta-lipoproteins, and total cholesterol. In addition, the mice manifest several characteristics that are occasionally observed in human hypobetalipoproteinemia, including reduced plasma triglyceride concentrations, fasting chylomicronemia, and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol. An unexpected finding is that the modified Apob allele is strongly associated with exencephalus and hydrocephalus. These mice should help increase our understanding of hypobetalipoproteinemia, atherogenesis, and the etiology of exencephalus and hydrocephalus.
The AIDS Litigation Project. A national review of court and human rights commission decisions, Part I: The social impact of AIDS.

NO OTHER infectious disease in recent history compares with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the ways it has affected our relationships with each other and with our social institutions. Sharp differences in perception of public health, ethics, and civil liberties have created the largest body of legal cases attributable to a single disease in the history of American jurisprudence. Litigation related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) impacts powerfully on the major social institutions of our nation—schools, health care, the blood supply, the judiciary, prisons, and the military. The litigation has an equal impact on cherished constitutional principles of privacy, freedom of speech and association, and liberty. The HIV epidemic even reaches into intimate personal relationships, sparking litigation against sexual partners and family members. This article is the first in a two-part series reviewing 469 cases that are decided, settled, pending, or filed at the federal, state, and local
Surgical Significance of Angiographic Patterns in Coronary Arterial Disease

A review of 313 selective cine coronary arteriograms performed in patients with angina pectoris is presented. Classification of coronary arterial disease by location and severity of stenosis has established certain patterns of disease. Significant disease (greater than 75% stenosis of at least one major vessel) occurred in 270 of 313 (89%) patients. Significant single-vessel disease occurred in only 58 of 270 (23%) patients, while the occurrence of significant multiple-vessel disease was: double, 110 of 270 (40%) patients; triple, 78 of 270 (29%) patients; and quadruple, 24 of 270 (9%) patients. The distribution in 191 arterial occlusions was: right coronary, 101 of 191 (53%); anterior descending, 64 of 191 (33%); and circumflex, 26 of 191 (14%). Anterior and anterior-lateral myocardial ischemia occurred in 80 of 270 (29%) patients, isolated posterior myocardial ischemia in 46 of 270 (18%) patients, and equal anterior and posterior ischemia in 144 of 270 (53%) cases. The angiographic studies were correlated with clinical history and electrocardiographic findings. The frequency of severe posterior myocardial ischemia, either alone or in conjunction with severe anterior ischemia, indicates the need for selective posterior or total myocardial ischemia, either alone or in conjunction of patients are to benefit from myocardial revascularization.
Extraterrestrial platinum group nuggets in deep-sea sediments

A previously unrecognized property of iron cosmic spheres is reported. The most common spheres larger than 300 microns do not, in fact, contain FeNi metal cores, but instead contain a micrometer-sized nugget composed almost entirely of platinum group elements. These elements appear to have been concentrated by the oxidation of molten meteoritic metal during atmospheric entry. This process is critically dependent on the relative abundance of oxygen in the atmosphere, and the first appearance of the nuggets in the geological record may provide a marker indicating when the oxygen abundance attained half of its present level.
Determining Anisotropic Polarizability of Optically Inhomogeneous Media in near-field measurements

Analyzing the fluctuations in near field polarimetric measurements, we show that it is possible to determine anisotropies in the effective polarizability of inhomogeneous materials.
Gene and protein expression of cartilage canal and osteochondral junction chondrocytes and full-thickness cartilage in early equine osteochondrosis

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of several regulatory factors associated with cartilage maturation in horses with early osteochondrosis (OC) compared to normal controls. The hypothesis was that expression levels of Indian hedgehog (Ihh), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 and -3 (MMP-13, -3) would be increased in OC. Articular cartilage and osteochondral samples were collected from the femoropatellar joints from seven OC and eight normal young (1–6 months) horses after euthanasia and snap frozen or suspended in 4% paraformaldehyde. Laser capture microdissection was used to capture cells surrounding cartilage canals and the osteochondral junction. Total RNA was isolated from whole cartilage and laser-captured cells. Equine-specific Ihh, PTH-rP, VEGF, PDGF-A, MMP-13, and MMP-3 mRNA expression levels were evaluated by real-time (RT)-PCR. Spatial tissue protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. In laser-captured samples, there was significantly increased MMP-13 and PDGF-A gene expression in chondrocytes adjacent to cartilage canals and increased PDGF-A gene expression in osteochondral junction chondrocytes of OC-affected foals. In full-thickness cartilage samples, there was significantly increased Ihh, MMP-3, and MMP-13 gene expression in OC samples, while PTH-rP protein expression was significantly higher along the osteochondral junction. The results suggest that pathways involving cartilage maturation and ossification are altered in early OC and may be associated with disease pathogenesis.
Abstract 5298: Regulation of urothelial bladder cancer by nicotine and stress neurotransmitters

Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is the 7th most common cancer in men and the 17th most common cancer in women. Smoking is an established risk factor for UBC. However, the mechanisms how smoking induces bladder cancer are poorly understood. Using two established human urothelial bladder cancer cell lines, our data show that nicotine significantly increased the proliferation of both cell lines. Both cell lines produced the stress neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine and nicotine further enhanced this activity. The broad-spectrum beta-blocker propranolol strongly inhibited base level and nicotine-induced proliferation in both cell lines, identifying beta-adrenergic receptors as mediators. Proliferation in response to exogenous addition of epinephrine, norepinephrine or the selective β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and complete blockage of these responses by propranolol support this interpretation. Treatment with the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), that inhibits beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated proliferation of other cancer types via inhibition of cAMP formation, was less effective. These findings suggest that urothelial bladder cancer cells are stimulated in their growth via beta-adrenergic receptor signaling independent of cAMP by nicotine or psychological stress. Additional investigations are underway to further dissect the signal transduction pathways involved. Supported by the State of Tennessee Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health. Citation Format: Arokya M. Papu John, Jheelam Banerjee, Hildegard M. Schuller. Regulation of urothelial bladder cancer by nicotine and stress neurotransmitters. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5298. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5298
A decrease in angiotensin receptor binding in rat brain nuclei by antisense oligonucleotides to the angiotensin AT1 receptor.

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of antisense oligonucleotides against mRNA of the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor have been shown to reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats and angiotensin II-induced drinking in both SHR and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The present investigation was designed to quantify the effect of i.c.v. injections of antisense oligonucleotides to the AT1 receptor mRNA on brain angiotensin receptors using membrane binding and autoradiographic analysis. Control injections contained sense or scrambled oligonucleotides or saline. Three daily injections of antisense oligonucleotides into the third ventricle of SD rats decreased the AT1 receptor number significantly by 25% in a hypothalamic tissue block. AT2 receptors were not altered. Autoradiography showed a decrease in angiotensin receptor number in hypothalamic nuclei and in the anteroventral region of the third ventricle (AV3V) after antisense treatment. AT2 receptors were not reduced indicating the AT1 antisense oligonucleotides were specific. In a second series of experiments, single injections of antisense oligonucleotides into the lateral ventricle of SHR rats were tested. Antisense oligonucleotides produced a significant decrease in receptor number in the same hypothalamic area. Sense and scrambled oligonucleotides did not decrease the receptor numbers significantly. The decreases observed after injection of antisense oligonucleotides were between 15 and 30%. These changes may be sufficient to account for the physiological effects of i.c.v. injections of antisense oligonucleotides to AT1 receptor mRNA.
The deformation and failure response of closed-cell PMDI foams subjected to dynamic impact loading

Abstract The present work aims to investigate the bulk deformation and failure response of closed-cell Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (PMDI) foams subjected to dynamic impact loading. First, foam specimens of different initial densities are examined and characterized in quasi-static loading conditions, where the deformation behavior of the samples is quantified in terms of the compressive elastic modulus and effective plastic Poisson's ratio. Then, the deformation response of the foam specimens subjected to direct impact loading is examined by taking into account the effects of material compressibility and inertia stresses developed during deformation, using high speed imaging in conjunction with 3D digital image correlation. The stress-strain response and the energy absorption as a function of strain rate and initial density are presented and the bulk failure mechanisms are discussed. It is observed that the initial density of the foam and the applied strain rates have a substantial influence on the strength, bulk failure mechanism and the energy dissipation characteristics of the foam specimens.
Step up versus early biologic therapy for Crohn's disease in clinical practice.

Background Recent studies have demonstrated superior outcomes of early biologic therapy. Our purpose was to evaluate differences in disease course among patients in clinical practice treated with early biologic therapy compared with those receiving conventional Step Up therapy. Methods Patients with Crohn's disease evaluated from July 2004 to November 2010 at a tertiary referral center were included. Demographic data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. Patients were categorized into 1 of 2 groups: Early Bio group (with or without concomitant immune suppressants) or Step Up group (initial immune suppressants with or without escalation to biologic). Disease activity, quality of life, use of steroids, and number of hospitalizations, and surgeries were assessed. Results Ninety-three patients with Crohn's disease met inclusion criteria: 39 (45%) in the Step Up group and 54 (58%) in the Early Bio group. There was no significant difference in demographic and clinical variables between groups. Mean Harvey-Bradshaw index and Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores at 3, 6, and 12 months were not different between groups. Response rates were higher in the Step Up group compared with the Early Bio group only at 3 months. Early Bio patients had a greater number of hospitalizations at 1 year (P = 0.04). Conclusions In clinical practice, early biologic therapy did not improve disease activity or quality of life and did not decrease the need for steroids or surgeries 1 year after therapy. Our results suggest that clinical outcomes are not worsened using the conventional approach. Therefore, an accelerated Step Up approach for most patients seems reasonable.
Permeability of Dermal Connective Tissue in Normal and Scorbutic Guinea Pigs

RECENT work has shown that the permeability of capillary blood vessel walls does not seem to be affected by scurvy1 despite the presence of haemorrhages. However, capillary resistance was shown to decrease2–6 and the corresponding capillary fragility increased6,7. No investigations of the influence of scurvy on the permeability of dermal and connective tissue have been made.
Routing Different Traffic in Deep Space Networks

The unique characteristics of deep space networks lead to different research approaches from those in terrestrial networks. In this paper, two different routing mechanisms are proposed to addresses the delivery of remote control messages and scientific data in deep space networks. The location-predicted directional broadcast (LPDB) is proposed for the fast delivery of remote control messages and automatic data delivery. For controlled data delivery, the receiver-initiated on-demand routing (RIOR) is proposed. In RIOR, the route discovery is initiated on-demand by the receiver, and routing tables are maintained in soft state at intermediate nodes. The simulation results show that LPDB and RIOR address the service requirements of different types of traffic, and are efficient in both message delivery and power consumption.
Chlorine isotope enrichment in CO2 TEA laser photolysis of CF2Cl2

Abstract A number of lines from a CO 2 TEA laser were used to photolyze CF 2 Cl 2 . Enrichment of the 35 Cl and 37 Cl isotopes in the molecular chlorine formed during the photolysis was observed using a mass spectrometer. Maximum enrichment was about 1.8. The dependence of enrichment on wavelength, reactant concentration, inert gas pressure, and the presence of SiF 4 is reported. Of particular interest is the persistence of significant enrichment at pressures up to several hundred torr (≈ 10 5 Pa). Aside from the practical significance of this enrichment at high pressures, it suggests that there are important contributions from isotopically specific interactions after the laser pulse.
Cloning and transcriptional analysis of a variant surface glycoprotein gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei

Abstract The variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene expression site in Trypanosoma brucei variant 117a has been mapped to a point about 40 kb upstream from the VSG gene. Sequences upstream from the previously identified [Cully, D.F. et al. (1985) Cell 42, 173–182] expression site associated gene (ESAG-I) have been cloned and a stable 1.3 kb transcript has been localized immediately 5′ to ESAG-I. This transcript is in the same orientation and approximately as abundant as the ESAG-I message. A highly conserved region, of which at least 15 copies are present in the genome, has been identified further upstream. A stable transcript corresponding to this region was not detected in variant 117a, but a 1.7 kb transcript was detected in variant 221a. In isolated nuclei, representative sequences from the 117a expression site were transcribed unidirectionally at similar rates, and transcription was insensitive to α-amanitin.
The impact of outcome, competency and affect on service referral

Proposes a model to explain consumers’ willingness to recommend a service provider. The model considers four predictors of this phenomenon: affect, outcome, competency and courtesy. In a laboratory setting, subjects read and responded to a scenario describing a service encounter of a fictitious individual with a dry cleaner and/or an attorney. The subjects were later asked how likely they were to recommend this service provider to a friend experiencing a similar problem. Separate path analyses were performed to analyze each type of service encounter; and in both scenarios, outcome, competency, courtesy, joy and disgust were found to influence the likelihood that the consumer would recommend a particular service provider. The proposed model accounts for more than 72 percent of the variation in the subjects’ decision to recommend.
Fixed time template matching

The problem of finding a match for an image (‘template’) within a larger image is known as template matching. It is key to a variety of Computer Vision applications. Currently known template matching algorithms run in fixed time, or are guaranteed to find the best match. We present a novel algorithm which in many cases can guarantee that the best match is found. In other cases it finds a good approximation to the best match. This algorithm runs in fixed time (a.k.a. hard real time). It finds an optimal match very quickly when a good match exists.
New Advances in Urea Transporter UT-A1 Membrane Trafficking

The vasopressin-regulated urea transporter UT-A1, expressed in kidney inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) epithelial cells, plays a critical role in the urinary concentrating mechanisms. As a membrane protein, the function of UT-A1 transport activity relies on its presence in the plasma membrane. Therefore, UT-A1 successfully trafficking to the apical membrane of the polarized epithelial cells is crucial for the regulation of urea transport. This review summarizes the research progress of UT-A1 regulation over the past few years, specifically on the regulation of UT-A1 membrane trafficking by lipid rafts, N-linked glycosylation and a group of accessory proteins.
Racialised subjectivities: a critical examination of ethnography on Black males in the USA, 1960s to early 2000s

The intent of this paper is to show that while ethnographic research for decades has helped to challenge one-dimensional, deficit-oriented perspectives about Black males, this work has also helped to reproduce essentialised racial motifs. I define a racial motif as a central theme or story used to make sense of the social and educational experiences of a racial group. I argue that long-standing racial motifs inform how ethnographic research is conducted within a historical context, and how the theories that come out of ethnographic research inform how we understand the social and educational concerns of African-American males in the present. In other words, past constructions and theories close off the kinds of questions one can ask within a particular historical period and limit how contemporary questions are explored. In this paper, I show how ethnographies written during the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s were constructed in a way that was aligned with the dominant tropes and theories about Black males...
Computational literacy and mathematics learning in a virtual world: identity, embodiment, and empowered media engagement

We are engaged in the on-going development of a computer-supported collaborative learning environment within a virtual world and use it as a setting for studies exploring relationships between student mathematical cognition, computational literacy, and identity. Our design research is informed by the work of Gee (video games), diSessa (computational literacy), Cole (mediated collaboration), Abrahamson (embodied design for mathematics learning), and Lee (cultural modeling). Within the constructed virtual ecology, we are conducting an ethnographic study of a technologically enabled learning environment with real students bearing virtual identities. The participants are physically remote but embody characters with personae of their own making in playful activities that foster intrinsic motivation and bear mathematical and computational integrity that transcends the medium. Collecting both real and virtual data of a group of at-risk urban high-school students working in Teen Second Life, we examine for changes in participants' cognitive-affective dispositions toward mathematical practice and identity.