cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specialized Subregions of the Bifunctional hisB Gene of Salmonella typhimurium

Forty-three hisB mutants of Salmonella typhimurium have been screened to determine the molecular size of the resulting histidinol phosphate phosphatase activity, one of the activities of a bifunctional enzyme produced by this gene which also controls imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydrase activity. Mutation in hisB can lead to the loss of both phosphatase and dehydrase activities, or only of dehydrase activity. Through the use of nonsense mutants lacking dehydrase activity, a distinct point of transition was detected near the middle of hisB at which a dramatic change occurs in the size of the phosphatase enzyme that is synthesized. A missense mutant with a lesion in this region has a high-molecular-weight enzyme which is eluted in the void volume of a Sephadex G-200 column. The enzyme from nonsense mutants near the transition point have molecular weights near 40,000. Even though the buffer conditions are designed to favor the stabilization of the high-molecular-weight form, some mutants have both high- and low-molecular-weight forms. The polypeptide chain specified by the operator proximal part of hisB is sufficient to allow the expression of phosphatase activity. The synthesis of substantially less than the complete product of hisB resulted in association into a form similar to the native enzyme which was found in the void volume of a Sephadex G-200 column.
Robust Stabilization and Disturbance Attenuation for Systems with Structured Nonlinearities

This paper presents a method based on the use of covariance control for parametrising a set of fixed-order, linear, disturbance-attenuating output feedback control laws for plants with structured nonlinearities. The disturbance rejection is measured by the induced B 2 norm of the operator from the disturbance vector to the regulated output vector. The results are also provided for static output feedback and estimator designs.
A model for SOS-lesion-targeted mutations in Escherichia coli

The UmuD'2C protein complex (Escherichia coli pol V) is a low-fidelity DNA polymerase (pol) that copies damaged DNA in the presence of RecA, single-stranded-DNA binding protein (SSB) and the beta,gamma-processivity complex of E. coli pol III (ref. 4). Here we propose a model to explain SOS-lesion-targeted mutagenesis, assigning specific biochemical functions for each protein during translesion synthesis. (SOS lesion-targeted mutagenesis occurs when pol V is induced as part of the SOS response to DNA damage and incorrectly incorporates nucleotides opposite template lesions.) Pol V plus SSB catalyses RecA filament disassembly in the 3' to 5' direction on the template, ahead of the polymerase, in a reaction that does not involve ATP hydrolysis. Concurrent ATP-hydrolysis-driven filament disassembly in the 5' to 3' direction results in a bidirectional stripping of RecA from the template strand. The bidirectional collapse of the RecA filament restricts DNA synthesis by pol V to template sites that are proximal to the lesion, thereby minimizing the occurrence of untargeted mutations at undamaged template sites.
Improved Model for Three-Dimensional Virtual Concrete: Anm Model

AbstractConstruction aggregate particles, fine or coarse, can be scanned by X-ray computed tomography and mathematically characterized using spherical harmonic series, and can then be used to simul...
Isolation of 2-Acetamido-1-β-(L-β-Aspartamido)-1,2-Dideoxy-D-Glucose from Normal Human Urine

A glycopeptide was isolated from normal human urine by fractionation on a column of Sephadex G-10 and preparative ion-exchange chromatography. Elution behavior during ion-exchange chromatography in two different solvent systems, amino acids formed upon hydrolysis, and migration on high-voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography were essentially identical for this substance and for authentic 2-acetamido-l-β-(L-β-aspartamido)-1,2-dideoxy-D-glucose. A technique was developed to permit analytical-scale fractionation of individual urines followed by analysis for this glycopeptide; urine from two normal individuals contained 7 and 11 µmol of 2-acetamido-1-β-(L-β-aspartamido)-1,2-dideoxy-D-glucose per liter.
Low dose diesel exhaust particle exposure exacerbates allergic asthma in young mice

Rationale: Recent epidemiological studies correlate traffic pollution with the development of asthma in a dose dependent manner. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) comprise the majority of the particulate matter in air pollution, and DEP exposure augments allergic responses in adult animals. However, it is unclear if DEP exposure exacerbates allergic asthma in young animals and whether this is dose dependent. Objective: To determine if DEP exacerbates allergic asthma in young mice and whether a low dose is as effective as a high dose. Methods: Three week old Balb/c mice were exposed intratracheally 3 times a week for 3 weeks with DEP alone at a high and low dose (6 and 1.2mg/kg respectively), house dust mite (HDM; 0.8mg/kg) alone, or DEP high or low dose in combination with HDM. Data was collected 24 hours after the last exposure. DEP doses were based on exposure data from children in the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study. Results: High dose DEP alone increased neutrophilic influx into the lungs. Low dose DEP alone did not. Both high and low dose DEP combined with HDM exposure increased antigen specific IgE, lung inflammatory cell counts, airway hyperreactivity, goblet cells, Th2 cytokine levels, T cell activation, effector T cells, and activated myeloid dendritic cells. Interestingly, both doses of DEP with HDM increased lung IL-17A levels and T cells that stained positive for both IL-13 and IL-17, which have been associated with more severe asthma. Conclusions: DEP exacerbated allergic responses in young mice and a low dose was as effective as a high dose when combined with HDM, although low dose DEP alone did not increase inflammatory cell counts compared to high dose DEP alone.
A comparison of cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB for patient evaluation after cardiac surgery.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the role of serum markers of myocardial necrosis after cardiac surgery. Background The role of serum troponin T (TnT) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) for the risk stratification of patients after cardiac surgery remains undefined. Methods Serum levels of TnT and CK-MB were measured from 224 patients every 8 h after cardiac surgery. The results of serum cardiac marker testing were correlated with adverse events, including new myocardial infarction (MI), cardiogenic shock or death. Univariable analysis identified factors predictive of complications, while stepwise logistic regression identified independent predictors of postoperative complications. Results Cardiac marker elevation was universal after cardiac surgery. At all time points measured, compared with those patients without complications, the TnT levels from patients with complications were more significantly elevated (all: p Conclusions Troponin T is superior to CK-MB for the prediction of impending complications after cardiac surgical procedures.
Estimation of sampling variance of molecular marker data using the bootstrap procedure

Knowledge of genetic relationships among genotypes is useful in a plant breeding program because it permits the organization of germplasm and provides for more efficient sampling. The genetic distance (GD) among genotypes can be estimated using random restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) as molecular markers. Knowledge of the sampling variance associated with RFLP markers is needed to determine how many markers are required for a given level of precision in the estimate of GD. The sampling variance for GD among all pairs of 37 maize (Z. mays L.) inbred lines was estimated from 1202 RFLPs. The 1202 polymorphisms were generated from 251 enzyme-probe combinations (EPC). The sampling variance was used to determine how large a sample of RFLPs was required to provide a given level of precision. The coefficient of variation (CV) associated with GD has a nearly linear relationship between its expected standard deviation and mean. The magnitude of the decrease in the mean CV for GD with increasing numbers of bands was dependent upon the sampling unit; e.g., individual polymorphic bands vs EPC, and the degree of relatedness among the inbreds compared. The rate of reduction in mean CV with increasing sample size was the same regardless of the restriction enzyme used, BamHI, EcoRI or HindIII, when the bootstrap sampling units were individual polymorphic bands. In constrast, although the rate of reduction (slopes) was the same, the intercepts of the mean CVs were different when EPCs were used as the bootstrap sampling unit. This difference was due to the higher number of bands per EPC in BamHI (4.94) compared with EcoRI (4.83) and HindIII (4.63).
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction and the Menstrual Cycle: A Case Presentation

uterus was noted to be 12 weeks size and globular. Hysteroscopy was performed, with findings of a 7 cm intracavitary mass, consistent with a leiomyoma, with a 1.5-2cm stalk arising from the fundus. It was felt that hysteroscopic removal of this mass would entail the risks of fluid overload, as well as the challenges of removal of the resected tissue. A laparotomy with trans-mural myomectomy was considered. The option of the use of the large dilators and the large grasping forceps used for 2nd trimester D&E procedures was considered. The cervix was dilated to a #59 dilator, and the grasping forceps were introduced into the uterus. To assure that the myometrium was not inadvertently grasped with the forceps, a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed concurrently. The intracavity mass was grasped with the forceps, twisted, and extracted intact through the cervix with a moderate amount of difficulty. Hysteroscopic visualization of the endometrial cavity after removal of the mass revealed minimal bleeding. Hematocrit remained stable post-operatively. Pathology revealed an 8.5 x4.5 x 3.2 cm leiomyoma weighing 9 g. Comments: This case report describes the unusual occurrence of a large intracavity uterine leiomyoma in an adolescent, causing hemorrhage and anemia, requiring transfusion. The large size and intracavity location created surgical challenges that were addressed with the use of techniques used in 2nd trimester D&E uterine evacuations.
ICT and Business in the New Economy: Globalization and Attitudes Towards eCommerce

Many authors argue that information and communications technology (ICT) in this New Economy is causing a globalized, unified society. Others take the opposite stand, viewing local factors such as national culture as very important to the success of information technology (IT). Research indicates that related factors such as gender may also play important roles in the use and acceptance of IT. This paper uniquely examines these perspectives by using electronic commerce as the common technology. Business students from the U.S., Greece and England expressed opinions on the important issues of national control, privacy cost, property rights and consumer preferences. The authors find evidence that concludes that there are statistically significant differences in attitude about e-commerce among cultural groups, but not with gender.
Addressing Children's Oral Health in the New Millennium: Trends in the Dental Workforce

Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General (SGROH) and National Call to Action to Promote Oral Health outlined the need to increase the diversity, capacity, and flexibility of the dental workforce to reduce oral health disparities. This paper provides an update on dental workforce trends since the SGROH in the context of children's oral health needs. Major challenges remain to ensure a workforce that is adequate to address the needs of all children. The dentist-to-population ratio is declining while shortages of dentists continue in rural and underserved communities. The diversity of the dental workforce has only improved slightly, and the the diversity of the pediatric population has increased substantially. More pediatric dentists have been trained, and dental educational programs are preparing students for practice in underserved areas, but the impact of these efforts on underserved children is uncertain. Other workforce developments with the potential to improve children's oral health include enhanced training in children's oral health for general dentists, expanded scope of practice for allied dental health professionals, new dental practitioners including the dental health aid therapist, and increased engagement of pediatricians and other medical practitioners in children's oral health. The evidence for increasing caries experience in young children points to the need for continued efforts to bolster the oral health workforce. However, workforce strategies alone will not be sufficient to change this situation. Requisite policy changes, educational efforts, and strong partnerships with communities will be needed to effect substantive changes in children's oral health.
Realization of digraphs by preferences based on distances in graphs

Consider a graph G with two distinguished sets of vertices: the voters and the candidates. A voter v prefers candidate x to candidate y if d(v, x) < d(v, y). This preference relation defines an asymmetric digraph whose vertices are the candidates, in which there is an arc from candidate x to candidate y if and only if more voters prefer x to y than prefer y to x. T. W. Johnson and P. J. Slater (“Realization of Majority Preference Digraphs by Graphically Determined Voting Patterns,” Congressus Numerantium, vol. 67 [1988] 175-186) have shown that each asymmetric digraph of order n can be realized in this way using a graph of order O(n2). We present a new construction reducing the quadratic upper bound to a linear bound. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Linear and Nonlinear Diagnostic Models of Stationary Eddies in the Upper Troposphere during Northern Summer

Abstract The upper tropospheric circulation during northern summer produced by a general circulation model (GCM) is studied using linear and nonlinear barotropic models and by analysing a streamfunction budget. The model experiments and the budget calculations both show a simple Sverdrup balance to he a useful first approximation for the largest scales during this season. In this Sverdrup balance, the advection of planetary vorticity by the divergent component of the flow is found to be significant, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere tropics. Nonlinear barotropic models improve the simulation of regional structures. The correct position of the Tibetan high is explained by Sverdrup balance, but its amplitude and structure are reasonably well simulated only with the nonlinear models. With climatological forcing, the time-averaged solutions of the nonlinear model are insensitive to the strength of the damping included in the model. The difference between the GCM's climatology and the GCM's flow in a par...
SU-E-I-18: CT Scanner QA Using Normalized CTDI Ratio

Purpose: To create a ratio of weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDIw) data normalized to in-air measurements (CTDIair) as a function of beam quality to create a look-up table for frequent, rapid quality assurance (QA) checks of CTDI. Methods: The CTDIw values were measured according to TG-63 protocol using a pencil ionization chamber (Unfors Xi CT detector) and head and body Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms (16 and 32 cm diameter, respectively). Single scan dose profiles were measured at each clinically available energy (80,100,120,140 kVp) on three different CT scanners (two Siemens SOMATOM Definition Flash and one GE Optima), using a tube current of 400 mA, a one second rotation time, and the widest available beam width (32 × 0.6 mm and 16 × 1.25 mm, respectively). These values were normalized to CTDIair measurements using the same conditions as CTDIw. The ratios (expressed in cGy/R) were assessed for each scanner as a function of each energy's half value layer (HVL) paired with the phantom's appropriate bow tie filter measured in mmAl. Results: Normalized CTDI values vary linearly with HVL for both the head and body phantoms. The ratios for the two Siemens machines are very similar at each energy. Compared to the GE scanner, these values vary between 10–20% for each kVp setting. Differences in CTDIair contribute most to the deviation of the ratios across machines. Ratios are independent of both mAs and collimation. Conclusion: Look-up tables constructed ofnormalized CTDI values as a function of HVL can be used to derive CTDIw data from only three in-air measurements (one for CTDIair and two with added filtration for HVL) to allow for simple, frequent QA checks without CT phantom setup. Future investigations will involve comparing results with Monte Carlo simulations for validation.
A Linear Relationship Between the 13C Ester Carbon Chemical Shift and the Melting Point or S to N Transition Temperature of n-Alkyl Esters of Biphenyl -4,4′-Dicarboxylic Acid

Abstract We present evidence that the relative electron densities at the ester carbon of the symmetrical n-alkyl diesters of biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid may determine the relative melting points of homologs in this series. A similar relationship may determine the relative smectic to namatic transition temperatures of the corresponding monoesters. We present a model to rationalize our observations.
Molecular Properties of Post‐Mortem Muscle. 4. Effect of Temperature on Adenosine Triphosphate Degradation, Isometric Tension Parameters, and Shear Resistance of Bovine Muscle

SUMMARY– Investigations were conducted on the effect of three storage temperatures, 2°, 16°, and 37°, on the changes and relationships of certain chemical and physical properties of post-mortem bovine semitendinosus and psoas muscle. Post-mortem muscle shortening was measured with the isometer. Isometric tension development was maximal at 2°, minimal at 16°, and at 37° tension was approximately one-half that developed at 2°. The large tension development at 2° very likely originates from the same events as those in “cold shortening.” Differences in isometric tension parameters were noted between muscles in that psoas muscle developed tension and lost the ability to maintain tension more quickly than did the semitendinosus. Loss of ability to maintain tension was observed only at 2°, and this could correspond to a “resolution” of rigor mortis. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation was measured by two methods, ammonia production and bioluminescent enzymic method; the bioluminescent method proved to be the more satisfactory. A common relationship was observed between pH and ATP for both muscles and the three temperatures studied. No direct relationship was found between ATP degradation and shear resistance with the possible exception of muscle stored at 37°. Isometric tension parameters and shear resistance were related somewhat at 2° in semitendinosus muscle, but no relationship existed at 16° and 37°. Although considerable tension developed in psoas and semitendinosus muscle at 37°, shear resistance values decreased continuously, indicating that factors other than shortening are more important at high temperature and that these factors are temperature-dependent. The role of ATP degradation in tension development was difficult to interpret, since at 2°, only a small change occurred in ATP level during large tension development, and the level of ATP at 2° did not differ from ATP level in muscle stored at 16° which developed little tension. Differences in post-mortem muscle shortening at 2 and 37 are discussed.
Ascorbic acid modulation of splenic cell cyclic GMP metabolism.

Abstract Chronic ascorbate deprivation of guinea pigs decreased splenic cell cyclic GMP levels (80%); ascorbate (1 mM) addition to these cells in vitro restored the cellular concentration to control levels. Splenic cells from non-scorbutic animals also exhibited increases in cyclic GMP levels in response to exogenous ascorbate whereas thiol reducing agents diminished cellular cyclic GMP concentration. Agents that inhibit the propagation of free radicals prevented this cellular effect of ascorbate while agents known to interfere with or promote H 2 O 2 production had no effect. Guanylate cyclase activity in cell lysates increased after treatment of intact cells with ascorbate; dithiothreitol reversed this effect. Ascorbate also enhanced guanylate cyclase activity in cell lysates. The results suggest that oxidizing equivalents in the form of the monoanionic free radical of ascorbate alter cyclic GMP metabolism in these cells by activating guanylate cyclase via a mechanism involving oxidation of a cyclase-related component.
Resonant transfer and excitation cross sections for Ca17+, 18+, 19+

Cross sections for resonant transfer excitation followed by X-ray emission (RTEX) are calculated for K-shell excitation in Caz+ + H2 and He collision systems, with Z = 17, 18 and 19 by folding the DR cross sections over the momentum distribution (Compton profile) of H2 and He target gases. These calculations are in agreement with recent experimental data where available. However, the location of the resonance peaks seems to be shifted by as much as 9 ~ 12 MeV in all cases, and the contribution of the uncorrelated transfer excitation (UTE) at the high energy tail of the RTE cross section is clearly evident. The effect of intermediate coupling is found to be significant for Z = 17, but negligible for the Z = 18 and 19 cases.
Measurements of Aerosol Size Distributions and Vertical Fluxes of Aerosols on Land Subject to Wind Erosion

Abstract To assess wind erosion as a source of atmospheric soil particles, vertical aerosol fluxes near the ground in an eroding field were computed by assuming a vertical transport mechanism similar to that for momentum. Aerosol gradients were measured by jet impactors located 1.5 and 6 m above the ground, and wind velocity gradients were measured by totalizing-three-cup anemometers located 1.5, 3 and 6 m above the ground. Information on the aerosol size distributions and quantity in the size range 0.3 ≤ r ≤ 6 μm was obtained for a variety of erosive conditions in a field in rural Nebraska. In general, the size distributions in this range suggest the power law, dN/d(log r) ∝r−2 for 1 ≤ r ≤ 6 μm, and a flatter curve for 0.3 ≤ r ≤ 6 μm. The relation of the aerosol size distribution in the range 0.3 ≤ r ≤ 6 μm to the size distribution of soil was determined. Averaged soil size distributions characteristic of the sampling field, the area within a six-mile radius of the sampling field, and soil flowing (creep...
Protection of transistor RF power amplifiers

Although more reliable than vacuum tubes when properly applied, transistors are considerably more sensitive to abuse. When used in RF power amplifiers, they are likely to be subjected to conditions which might cause failure by second breakdown or over-dissipation. Protection against second breakdown is generally afforded by operation with supply voltages sufficiently below the breakdown level. The brute force approach to avoiding over-dissipation by limiting maximum input power to a level which can never cause over-dissipation is effective, but prevents realization of more than a small fraction of the transistor's capabilities. The transistor can be operated at a higher power level and remain protected by using circuitry which measures the power output and device temperature and adjusts the power input limit accordingly. In effect, the circuitry measures the temperature, computes the maximum permissible device dissipation at that temperature, and adjusts the power input so that the difference between power input and measured power output does not exceed the computed maximum permissible device dissipation. The use of this type of protection in one case has resulted in safe operation at 200% more power output than would have been permissible with the brute force approach.
Norms of Random Submatrices and Sparse Approximation

Many problems in the theory of sparse approximation require bounds on operator norms of a random submatrix drawn from a fixed matrix. The purpose of this Note is to collect estimates for several different norms that are most important in the analysis of l1 minimization algorithms. Several of these bounds have not appeared in detail.
CAIRS: local database information storage and retrieval

CAIRS is a storage and retrieval package for creating and using local databases. It offers a great deal of flexibility in database design, indexing options, security and output options. It is a mature system that appears to be virtually impervious to user error. CAIRS is not an easy package to learn, even when configured with access menus. However, for regular, experienced users, the strengths of the package will repay the effort to learn to use it.
COMPARISON OF SOURNESS OF ORGANIC ACID ANIONS AT EQUAL pH AND EQUAL TITRATABLE ACIDITY

The sourness of six organic acids was compared by pair tests in binary acid solutions of equal pH and equal potential hydrogen ion concentration. Monoprotic lactic acid was more sour than three of the four acids against which it was tasted, while triprotic citric acid was less sour than the four other acids against which it was compared. Of the diprotic acid pairs which were evaluated, only one significant difference in sourness was observed; succinic acid was more sour than malic acid. No relationship between buffer capacity or hydrophobicity and intensity of sourness was observed.
Two-Tape Simulation of Multitape Turing Machines

It has long been known that increasing the number of tapes used by a Turing machine does not provide the ability to compute any new functions. On the other hand, the use of extra tapes does make it possible to speed up the computation of certain functions. It is known that a square factor is sometimes required for a one-tape machine to behave as a two-tape machine and that a square factor is always sufficient.The purpose of this paper is to show that, if a given function requires computation time T for a k-tape realization, then it requires at most computation time T log T for a two-tape realization. The proof of this fact is constructive; given any k-tape machine, it is shown how to design an equivalent two-tape machine that operates within the stated time bounds. In addition to being interesting in its own right, the trade-off relation between number of tapes and speed of computation can be used in a diagonalization argument to show that if T(n) and U(n) are two time functions such that inf T(n) log T(n) ÷ U(n) = 0 then there exists a function that can be computed within the time bound U(n) but not within the time bound T(n).
Independent component analysis based QAM receiver

Abstract For emerging wireless data applications in 5.8 GHz frequency band, carrier phase extraction and I/Q mismatch are challenging parts of the receiver design. This paper discusses a receiver architecture for detection of QAM signals that is well suited for wireless data applications. The architecture does not require estimation of the received signal phase and can be used in both superheterodyne and direct conversion approaches. A simplified independent component analysis (SICA) signal processing technique is developed and used to separate the components in the I and Q branches of the receiver. It is demonstrated that the proposed receiver is robust with respect to amplitude and phase mismatch of the local oscillator. The performance of the SICA QAM receiver architecture is successfully illustrated through computer-based simulations.
Binding of human hemoglobin by Haemophilus influenzae.

Binding of biotinylated human hemoglobin to Haemophilus influenzae was detected when organisms were grown in heme-deplete, but not heme-replete, conditions. Hemoglobin binding was completely inhibited by a 100-fold excess of unlabelled human hemoglobin or human hemoglobin complexed with human haptoglobin. Binding was only partially inhibited by rat hemoglobin, bovine hemoglobin, human globin, and bovine globin, and not at all by heme, human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, human transferrin, or myoglobin. Hemoglobin binding was saturable at 16–20 ng of hemoglobin per 109 cfu. Binding of human hemoglobin was detected in serotypes a-f and serologically non-typable strains of H. influenzae, as well as Haemophilus haemolyticus but not Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, or Escherichia coli.
Coupling of N-Heterocycle-Fused Enyne Aldehydes with γ,δ-Unsaturated Fischer Carbene Complexes

The coupling of γ,δ-unsaturated Fischer carbene complexes with enyne aldehyde derivatives fused to indole, imidazole, and pyrazole ring systems has been examined. The reaction leads to heterocycles fused to the hydronaphthalene ring system in a single step. The products of the reaction feature heterocycles fused either to benzene rings or to a cyclohexane ring. The product distribution correlates with the electronic richness of the heterocyclic ring. A moderate degree of diastereoselectivity was observed using heterocycles featuring chiral nitrogen substituents.
A hotspot in the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain susceptible to loss of function mutation

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used to treat a variety of inflammatory disorders and certain cancers. However, GC resistance occurs in subsets of patients. We found that EL4 cells, a GC-resistant mouse thymoma cell line, harbored a point mutation in their GC receptor (GR) gene, resulting in the substitution of arginine 493 by a cysteine in the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain. Allelic discrimination analyses revealed that the R493C mutation occurred on both alleles. In the absence of GCs, the GR in EL4 cells localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and upon dexamethasone treatment underwent nuclear translocation, suggesting that the ligand binding ability of the GR in EL4 cells was intact. In transient transfection assays, the R493C mutant could not transactivate the MMTV-luciferase reporter. Site-directed mutagenesis to revert the R493C mutation restored the transactivation activity. Cotransfection experiments showed that the R493C mutant did not inhibit the transcriptional activities of the wild-type GR. In addition, the R493C mutant did not repress either the AP-1 or NF-κB reporters as effectively as WT GR. Furthermore, stable expression of the WT GR in the EL4 cells enabled GC-mediated gene regulation, specifically upregulation of IκBα and downregulation of interferon γ and interleukin 17A. Arginine 493 is conserved among multiple species and all human nuclear receptors and its mutation has also been found in the human GR, androgen receptor, and mineralocorticoid receptor. Thus, R493 is necessary for the transcriptional activity of the GR and a hotspot for mutations that result in GC resistance.
Are Proxima and α Centauri Gravitationally Bound

Using the most recent kinematic and radial velocity data in the literature, we calculate the binding energy of Proxima Centauri relative to the center of mass of the α Centauri system. When we adopt the centroids of the observed data, we find that the three stars constitute a bound system, albeit with a semimajor axis that is of order the same size as α Cen AB's Hill radius in the Galactic potential. We carry out a Monte Carlo simulation under the assumption that the errors in the observed quantities are uncorrelated. In this simulation, 44% of the trial systems are bound, and systems on the 1-3 σ tail of the radial velocity distribution can have Proxima currently located near the apastron position of its orbit. Our analysis shows that a further, very significant improvement in the characterization of the system can be gained by obtaining a more accurate measurement of the radial velocity of Proxima Cen.
Replicative functions of the SV40(cT)-3 mutant defective for nuclear transport of T antigen

The SV40(cT)-3 mutant is defective in transport of SV40 large tumor antigen (T-ag) to the nucleus. Several properties of T-ag associated with SV40 lytic infection and attributed to its nuclear localization were examined to determine whether biologically significant levels of the mutant T-ag (cT-ag) that were immunologically undetectable were transported to the nucleus in SV40(cT)-3-infected TC-7 cells. SV40(cT)-3 was defective in regulation of T-ag synthesis and initiation of viral DNA synthesis. These defects were presumably due to the lack of nuclear transport of cT-ag, since cT-ag was capable of interacting with the SV40 origin of viral DNA synthesis in a solution binding assay. The level of fatty acid acylation, a modification specific for the cell surface associated T-ag, was not affected by the cT mutation. The cT mutation sufficiently suppressed the nuclear transport of wild-type (WT) T-ag in SV40(cT)-3-infected COS-1 cells to result in the cessation of WT-T-ag-stimulated SV40(cT)-3 viral DNA synthesis. These results are discussed with respect to the recent findings that SV40(cT)-3 is fully competent for the transformation of established cell lines and the induction of cellular DNA synthesis in quiescent cells.
Chemical effects in the capture of negative muons

Abstract Muonic Lyman-series X-ray spectra have been measured for several isoelectronic and isostructural molecular series and related pure elements. Seven muonic Lyman series lines were observed from liquid argon with relative intensities consistent with neighboring isoelectronic ions, but in stark contrast to the single line previously reported for a gaseous argon target. The measured relative capture rates and Lyman intensity correlations provide new evidence for chemical structure influences on the capture of negative muons.
Gender differences in health and risk behaviors among bisexual and homosexual adolescents

Abstract Objective: This study explored gender differences in the health and risk behaviors of 394 self-identified bisexual and homosexual adolescents who participated in an anonymous, school-based survey. Methods: Respondents included 182 girls and 212 boys; girls were significantly younger than boys ( p Results: Both younger and older girls were significantly more likely than their male age mates to report a history of sexual abuse, dissatisfaction with weight, a negative body image, more frequent dieting, and an earlier age at onset of sexual intercourse. Both younger and older boys were significantly more likely than girls to have a positive body image, to rate themselves as healthier than peers, to report no regular source of health care, to be sexually experienced, and to drink alcohol more often and in greater quantity; a significantly greater proportion of older boys than older girls reported alcohol use before school (19.0% vs. 3.9%; p Conclusions: Gender is a substantive source of variation in health and risk behaviors among bisexual and homosexual adolescents. Health care providers should incorporate gender-specific approaches to health promotion and risk reduction with young people who self-identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
TF1, a bacteriophage-specific DNA-binding and DNA-bending protein.

Abstract We review and discuss the biological and DNA-binding properties of the bacteriophage SPOT transcription factor 1(TF1), a DNA-binding protein belonging to the ubiquitous prokaryotic family of Type II DNA-binding proteins. We review recent information on the effects of certain mutations in TF1 on DNA-binding and on its ability to sharply bend DNA. We also compare the DNA-binding properties of the three best-studied type 11 DNA-binding proteins, Escherichia coli HU, E. coli integration host factor, and TF1, and discuss them in the context of the structure and properties of chromatin in prokaryotes.
Efficient Training of Multiple Ant Tracking

The applicability of automated motion analysis is immense and continues to grow as our ability to record objects of interest becomes easier and less expensive. In the case of multi-object tracking, data association methods have been proposed to improve handling of occlusions. These methods are strongly affected by their ability to measure association affinities between fragmented object trajectories. Obtaining labeled training examples for learning how to measure these associations can be expensive and time-consuming. We propose an interactive training framework that utilizes an uncertainty based active sampling approach in combination with semi-supervised learning in order to reduce the number of labeled examples needed for training. Additionally, an affinity scoring function is learned with Random Forest to speed up learning affinity measures in order to make the interactive training framework possible. Experimental results on two 10,000 frame video sequences of ant colonies demonstrates a significant reduction in the amount of labeled examples needed over random sampling.
Dynamic ultrasonography of the infant hip with suspected instability. A new technique.

Purpose: the combining of clinical examination of the infant hip with dynamic ultrasound (US) into one examination, performed by one examiner, should result in a sensitive test for hip instability....
The Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART): Metric Properties and Scoring

The purpose of this study was to facilitate the proper use and interpretation of the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART) as a measure of community integration and social participation in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). CHART data on 1,998 cases in the SCI Model Systems database were analyzed. These cases provide the basis for norms by neurologic categories on a large sample. The relationship of CHART subscale scores with demographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, occupation, year post injury, marital status, and education) and level and completeness of SCI are described. Maximum scores achieved for the subscales are presented by time post injury. Sample biases are demonstrated with substantial missing data in the Economic Self Sufficiency subscale. The CHART total score is shown to be a potentially misleading summary assessment of handicap, and use of subscale scores is recommended. The discussion addresses these issues and others relevant to characteristics and pra...
LA CAÍDA DE UNA ARTESANÍA: CESTERÍA EN SAN JUAN GUELAVIA, OAXACA

Los artesanos oaxaquenos son celebres por la calidad de sus trabajos, el exito de sus negocios y la capacidad de sus productos para trascender en el espacio y el tiempo. Los tejedores de algodon y textiles de lana, los fabricantes de ceramica de barro y mas recientemente talladores de madera, que hacen alebrijes (animales de madera pintada), producen articulos que son comprados y vendidos en el mercado internacional y son exhibidos mundialmente en las colecciones de museos. Sin embargo, hay artesanias en Oaxaca que no son viables en el mercado y no aparecen en colecciones internacionales. En este documento examinamos la produccion de canastas en la comunidad de San Juan Guelavia. Argumentamos que la caida en el mercado refleja tres cambios criticos: primero, una disminucion en el uso local; segundo, un alza en los costos de produccion; y tercero, una falta de apoyo de exportadores y una incapacidad para involucrarse en el mercado de exportacion.
The cost/benefits of outpatient-based pulmonary rehabilitation

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of an inexpensive outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program for stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Design: Before-and-after trial. Setting: Private, ambulatory setting with carryover to the home. Patients: Forty-six stable COPD patients, from 45 to 80 years of age. Interventions: A pulmonary rehabilitation program consisting of education, training, group therapy, and an individualized regimen of home-based extremity and inspiratory muscle exercise with weekly ambulatory sessions over a 10-week period. Main Outcome Measures: Symptom-limited oxygen consumption (SLVO2), distance walked in 12 minutes (12MW), dyspnea, endurance, forced expiratory volumes, minute ventilation (MV), changes in heart rate and blood pressure, and inspiratory muscle work tolerance (IMWT). Results: There were significant increases (p Conclusions: An inexpensive outpatient/home-based pulmonary rehabilitation program provided largely by a specifically trained therapist under physician supervision can significantly improve parameters associated with quality of life for patients with COPD.
Angular distributions in heavy-ion-induced fission

Fission fragment angular distributions have been measured in reactions of $^{16}$O${+\mathrm{}}^{208}$Pb, $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$, $^{238}\mathrm{U}$, $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$; $^{19}$F${+\mathrm{}}^{208}$Pb; $^{24}$Mg${+\mathrm{}}^{208}$Pb; $^{28}$Si${+\mathrm{}}^{208}$Pb; $^{32}$S${+\mathrm{}}^{197}$Au; and $^{32}$S${+\mathrm{}}^{208}$Pb at several bombarding energies. The data are analyzed within the standard theory and it is found that the angular anisotropies for reactions with $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ and heavier projectiles are significantly larger than expected theoretically. Comparative studies of reactions in which different target-projectile combinations are leading to similar fissioning systems show that the large angular anisotropies are associated with the charge (and mass) of the projectile. This excludes large angular momenta and temperatures as the cause of these discrepancies. It is concluded that the onset of the quasifission reaction is responsible for the large observed anisotropies.
Deblurred observation of the molecular structure of an oil-water interface.

We simulated the interface between liquid water and a stationary phase of tethered n-C18 alkyl chains at a thermodynamic state of low pressure and water vapor−liquid coexistence. The interfacial water (oxygen atom) density profile so obtained is compared with a precisely defined proximal density of water molecules (oxygen atoms) conditional on the alkyl chain configurations. Though the conventional interfacial density profile takes a traditional monotonic form, the proximal radial distribution of oxygen atoms around a specific methyl (methylene) group closely resembles that for a solitary methane solute in liquid water. Moreover, this proximal radial distribution function is sufficient to accurately reconstruct the water oxygen density profile of the oil−water interface. These observations provide an alternative interpretation to collective drying or vaporization interpretations of commonly observed oil−water interfacial profiles for which water penetration into the interfacial region plays a role.
Cataloging Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century German Dissertations: Guidelines and Observations

The author provides historical background useful in understanding the title pages of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century German dissertations. Images of title pages are included, with details of bibliographic description, and Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) coding, as well as links to examples of catalog records in the Yale Law Library catalog, MORRIS. This article also includes comments on Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2) Rule 21.27 regarding the problem of authorship in early dissertations.
Newer oral anticoagulants: a review of laboratory monitoring options and reversal agents in the hemorrhagic patient.

Purpose Available evidence on laboratory monitoring of coagulation assays and reversal strategies for the management of hemorrhagic events associated with the newer anticoagulants is reviewed. Summary While there are no published studies with dabigatran and prothrombinase-induced clotting time (PiCT) and no chromogenic assays available to measure the anticoagulant effects, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT ) may be used to detect the presence of dabigatran. Although ecarin clotting time is sensitive to elevated concentrations of dabigatran, only a small fraction of institutions have access to this assay. Rivaroxaban and apixaban prolong prothrombin time, dilute prothrombin time, aPTT, Heptest results, and PiCT to varying degrees, having the most- pronounced effects at higher concentrations. In contrast, the chromogenic antifactor Xa assay proved to be sensitive to lower amounts of rivaroxaban and apixaban with less variability. Despite the expectations with these newer anticoagulants, the associated risk of bleeding is significant, and there are insufficient data depicting treatment options in emergency situations. Until four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) become available in the United States, the obtainable options are activated PCC, three-factor PCCs, and recombinant factor VIIa. Conclusion Although there is currently no gold standard of measurement for any of the newer anticoagulants, the published literature enables practitioners to evaluate the efficacy and sensitivity of a majority of these assays. Prohemostatic agents can be used in instances of severe, life-threatening hemorrhagic complications.
Skeletal anatomy of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli from the Niobrara Chalk in Kansas

ABSTRACT Some specimens of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Cretoxyrhina mantelli (Agassiz), from the Niobrara Chalk in Kansas are represented by partial skeletons. The vertebral and neurocranial structures of C. mantelli suggest its placement in Lamniformes. The pectoral fins of C. mantelli may be plesodic, possibly indicating that the taxon is an “advanced” lamnoid. The total vertebral count of C. mantelli, approximately 230, is a unique number among lamniforms, supporting the view based on tooth-based taxonomy that this taxon is a distinct species. The total length of large C. mantelli is estimated to be 5 m. Very large C. mantelli possibly attained a total length of about 6 m or slightly more. Cretoxyrhina mantelli possessed a conical head with a blunt snout and large eyes. The body form of C. mantelli could have resembled that of extant Carcharodon carcharias.
Ambient to high temperature fracture toughness and fatigue-crack propagation behavior in a Mo–12Si–8.5B (at.%) intermetallic

Boron-containing molybdenum silicides have been the focus of significant research of late due to their potentially superior lowtemperature ‘‘pest’’ resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance comparable to that of MoSi2-based silicides; however, like many ordered intermetallics, they are plagued by poor ductility and toughness properties. Of the various multiphase Mo–Si–B intermetallic systems available, alloys with compositions of Mo–12Si–8.5B (at.%), which contain Mo, Mo3Si, and T2 phases, are anticipated to have higher toughnesses because of the presence of the relatively ductile Mo phase. In this study, we examine the ambient to high (1300 � C) temperature fracture toughness (R-curve) and fatigue-crack growth characteristics of Mo-12Si-8.5B, with the objective of discerning the salient mechanisms governing crack growth. It is found that this alloy displays a relatively high intrinsic (crack-initiation) toughness at 800 up to 1200 � C( � 10 MPa p m), but only limited extrinsic R-curve (crack-growth) toughness. Although the lack of extrinsic toughening mechanisms is not necessarily beneficial to quasi-static properties, it does imply in a brittle material that it should show only minimal susceptibility to premature failure by fatigue, as is indeed observed at temperatures from ambient to 1300 � C. Of particular significance is that both the fracture toughness and the threshold stress intensity for fatigue are increased with increasing temperature over this range. This remarkable property is related to a variety of toughening mechanisms that become active at elevated temperatures, specifically involving crack trapping by the a-Mo phase and extensive microcracking primarily in the Mo5SiB2 phase. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.