cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of pore sizes on composition distribution and enhance recovery from liquid shale—Molecular sieving in low permeability reservoirs

Abstract Current paper proposes a model to account for different pore sizes in shale and its influence on hydrocarbon distribution. Such a partitioning scheme provides a multiporosity-like approach where the fluid composition in different pore sizes varies due to size filtration and sieving effect. The proposed approach opens up new ways to interpret anomalous gas-oil ratios in shale. Low permeability shales are believed to form a considerable portion of the recoverable reserves in North America. Such an enhanced potential comes with new challenges and technical difficulties. Recent advances in high precision analytical tools have revealed that pore size distribution in shale reservoirs spans a wide range. Molecules in pores with different sizes may exhibit significantly different thermodynamics behavior. Rock fluid interactions and space hindrance effects play an important role when pore sizes become close to species’ molecular dimeters. The tight porous media in such situations can act as a semi-permeable membrane that selectively filters molecules based on their sizes. This effect can result in a composition difference between pores with large and small diameters in shale reservoirs (size filtration or sieving effect), with small pores mostly filled with smaller hydrocarbon molecules and large molecules residing in larger pores. To account for such a diverse behavior, this paper proposes a pore partitioning approach, which divides shale media into two different porosity systems: large and small pores. We use a modified version of the Peng-Robinson equation of state to model the equilibrium hydrocarbon distribution in large and small pores. Our thermodynamics calculations show that as pore dimeter decreases, the concentration of larger hydrocarbon molecules in those pores decreases because of size filtration. Considering the small pore size in shale and rock-fluid interactions, our current model was used to analyze the potential of different injection gases as improve recovery agents. Our results show that a higher pore wall affinity for CO2 (compared to CH4 and N2) helps it reach deeper in small shale pores, making it a perfect fit for improve oil recovery from extremely tight media. Results show that our model provides a powerful tool to evaluate the complicated rock-fluid dynamics in liquid shales.
25 Years On: The State and Continuing Development of LGBTQ Studies Programs.

This article serves as the introduction to “25 Years On: The State and Continuing Development of LGBTQ Studies Programs.” It begins by placing the current issue in a commemorative context: marking ...
An Exploration of Variables that Contribute to Counseling Students’ Spiritual Competence Development: Implications for Counselor Education

Spiritual competence is important for counselors-in-training (CIT) to appropriately and ethically address client issues relevant to spirituality and religion (S/R). This study examined the role of CIT’s institutional religious affiliation, training level, counselor self-efficacy, multicultural counseling competence, and program S/R training environment in predicting student spiritual competence. A convenience sample of 109 CIT was recruited and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was applied. Although all variables reached statistically significant correlations with spiritual competence, only three of them demonstrated practical importance to predict such competence. These findings provide valuable implications for counselor education and future research regarding student spiritual competence development.
Technology Use in Everyday Financial Activities: Evidence from Online and Offline Survey Data.

Objective Internet use and mobile devices permeate every aspect of our lives and are changing our financial habits. Assessment of financial decision-making (FDM) has not yet caught up to apparent changes in financial behavior. To modernize assessment methods and create current and comprehensive FDM frameworks, we first need to establish the most commonly used and most preferred methods of performing specific financial activities. Method Cross-sectional survey data were collected using an online platform and offline approaches (in person and by mail) (N = 234). The frequency of using technological (e.g., laptop) and non-technological (e.g., in-person banking) means of completing seven financial activities was assessed first, including Depositing checks, Reviewing bank statements, Keeping track of money spent, Transferring funds, Withdrawing cash, Paying bills, and Purchasing products online. Second, preference for technological versus non-technological methods was assessed. Finally, linear regression models examined associations between demographics and preference for technological methods for each financial activity. Results The majority of respondents (77% online, 74% offline) used technology to perform various financial activities and preferred technological to non-technological methods for completing five out of the six financial activities. Increased preference for technological methods was associated with younger age for all the financial activities, and higher education was associated with reviewing bank statement and transferring funds. Conclusions Our survey findings provide empirical evidence for the changing nature of our financial habits. We discuss the implications of this change for researchers, clinicians, and the individuals themselves and emphasize the importance of modernizing FDM tools.
An integrated spatial DSS for site selection for service organizations in developing countries

An Integrated Spatial Decision Support System (ISDSS) is developed for finding loca­ tions where people can access post offices with minimum travel time between their residences and the post offices and their next destinations. Location-allocation models may be used to determine sites for these transshipment nodes. Due to the nature of traffic and unstructured zoning and all other non-predictable variables, network models may not be applied to find the optimal solution. Instead a gravity model is used to find a solution, which both minimizes the number of post offices and minimizes before-and-after travel times. The result of this system is a pattern of post offices, which can gravitate more people to these sites. A DSS is designed which utilizes GIS (ArcInfo) and Oracle DBMS to attain a flexible interactive solution with What-If and Goal seeking capabilities. INTRODUCTION Location-allocation models are typically used to determine optimal site locations for ser­ vice industries. These models, depending on the nature of the problems, are sometimes determin­ istic and in some cases probabilistic. These models give users optimum or good locations for providing services to customers. In this research a variant of Gravity model is used to get a good solution. At present there are few post offices that offer a full and comprehensive range of services (some services are offered while there are other services that are not offered in some centers). Therefore, the clients of these offices have to go to several locations if they have several needs and this causes uncontrollable traffic, increases the cost, and minimizes the clients' convenience.
Carnivore carrying behavior as documented with wildlife camera traps

Carrying behavior is exhibited for myriad purposes by a variety of animals, including mammalian carnivores, but it has been poorly studied. We used wildlife camera data to document and describe carrying behavior in a suite of native and domestic mammalian carnivores in Colorado, USA. Our objectives were to estimate the carrying rate for each carnivore species, assess the relationship between carrying rate and carnivore body mass, compare items carried to known diets and with proximity to urbanization, and explore seasonal variation in carrying rate. We documented carrying behavior in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), pumas (Puma concolor), and domestic cats (Felis catus). These carnivores carried objects at relatively low rates (range 0.44%–3.40%), although smaller-bodied carnivores carried items at greater rates than larger-bodied species. Prey items recorded by remote cameras were consistent with vertebrates known to be consumed by each species, and anthropogenic and synanthropic items were more common near the wildland-urban interface. For red fox, the species with the largest sample of carrying events, the rate of carrying varied by season, with increased rates during spring and summer months. Systematic exploration of carrying behavior has the potential to lend insight into carnivore diet in space and time and into shifts in dietary patterns along the wildland-urban interface. We demonstrate the power of camera trap data to examine these relationships and encourage further research of carrying behavior.
A new divide? Assessing the transnational-nationalist dimension among political parties and the public across the EU:

European politics is increasingly being contested along two dimensions: the economic left-right dimension and a relatively new dimension focused on European integration and immigration. We test thi...
Tuning the Donor−π–Acceptor Character of Arylborane–Arylamine Macrocycles

Donor−π–acceptor compounds based on arylamine and arylborane moieties connected by a π-conjugated linker are attractive materials in organic electronics and imaging applications due to the strong c...
Greta Thunberg's year off

A three-part BBC series follows the teenage climate change activist as she takes a break from school to learn from the world's top environmental scientists and economists, finds Karina Shah
Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) expression in combination with mutation status is predictive of survival in patients with ovarian cancer

Objectives: Dicoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor which binds the most common extracellular matrix protein, fibrillar collagen type 1. Expression of DDR2 is critical for invasion and migration of ovarian cancer tumor cells. Clinically, high DDR2 expression has been shown to be associated with advanced stage disease and decreased survival. It is not known how BRCA mutation status, a known marker for treatment sensitivity, impacts this relationship between DDR2 expression and survival. This study aimed to determine whether DDR2 expression was correlated with BRCA mutation status and to quantify the effects of this relationship on survival. Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of DDR2 expression in two ovarian cancer tissue microarrays (TMA) was performed. DDR2 staining on the membrane of tumor cells was scored microscopically according to the intensity and percentage of cells positive for DDR2 expression compared to controls. High DDR2 staining was defined as >70% and low staining Results: The cohort included 164 patients diagnosed between 2/1994 and 1/2017. The majority had advanced stage disease (79%) and high-grade serous histology (76%). Germline mutation status was known in 93 patients (57%). BRCA1 was the most common mutation in 38 patients (64%) followed by BRCA2 in 20 patients (34%). 34 patients had negative germline testing. DDR2 expression was significantly associated with mutational status. Patients without a germline mutation had significantly higher DDR2 expression (64%) compared to BRCA1 (37%) (p=0.002) and BRCA2 had significantly higher DDR2 expression (55%) compared to BRCA1 (37%) (p=0.03). DDR2 expression did not vary by stage, grade or platinum sensitive status. In survival analysis, patients with high DDR2 expression had significantly lower overall survival (33mo vs 83mo, HR 1.94, p=0.002) and progression free survival (17mo vs 34mo, HR 1.668, p=0.04) compared to patients with low DDR2 expression. When survival analysis was stratified by mutation status and DDR2 expression, survival differences were seen. In patients without a germline mutation, high DDR2 expression was associated with worse overall survival (42mo vs 147mo, HR=2.818, p=0.04) compared to low DDR2 expression. Conclusions: Tumor DDR2 expression is correlated with mutation status and when combined, provides useful prognostic information. Studies are ongoing to identify additional BRCA deficient tumors for further survival analysis.
Facilitating Collaboration among Health Care Professionals

This paper explores how principles and practices of mediation and facilitation can be applied to facilitate collaboration among health care professionals. Certain techniques of mediation and facilitation are uniquely suited to address issues of values, roles, communication, and teamwork—four core competency domains of interprofessional collaborative practice—within the organizational context in order to transform workplace conflict into constructive collaboration. This paper discusses how one might draw upon those mediation and facilitation skills and techniques in order to address profession-centrism, professional prejudice, and us vs. them thinking, which hinder interprofessional collaboration. Those trained in the theories and practices associated with conflict analysis and resolution have a unique opportunity to foster mutual understanding and respect among health care professionals, and to heighten the salience of health professionals’ shared superordinate identity as members of the health care team. Author Bio(s) Robin Cooper is Assistant Professor of Conflict Resolution and Ethnic Studies and Director of Doctoral Programs in Conflict Analysis and Resolution at Nova Southeastern University. Her research interests include identity-based conflict, cross-cultural conflict resolution, collaborative practices in organizational contexts, qualitative research, and student learning. Email: robicoop@nova.edu. Cover Page Footnote/Acknowledgements This paper was first presented at the Taos Institute Conference entitled “Exploring Relational Practices in Peacebuilding, Mediation and Conflict Transformation: From the Intimate to the International” held in November 2012 in San Diego, California. Peace and Conflict Studies was a co-sponsor of the conference. The development of this paper was supported in part by grant funding from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This article is available in Peace and Conflict Studies: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/pcs/vol20/iss1/4 Peace and Conflict Studies
Dynamic Neurotransmitter Interactions Measured with PET

Positron emission tomography (PET) has become a valuable interdisciplinary tool for understanding physiological, biochemical and pharmacological functions at a molecular level in living humans, whether in a healthy or diseased state. The utility of tracing chemical activity through the body transcends the fields of cardiology, oncology, neurology and psychiatry. In this, PET techniques span radiochemistry and radiopharmaceutical development to instrumentation, image analysis, anatomy and modeling. PET has made substantial contributions in each of these fields by providing a,venue for mapping dynamic functions of healthy and unhealthy human anatomy. As diverse as the disciplines it bridges, PET has provided insight into an equally significant variety of psychiatric disorders. Using the unique quantitative ability of PET, researchers are now better able to non-invasively characterize normally occurring neurotransmitter interactions in the brain. With the knowledge that these interactions provide the fundamental basis for brain response, many investigators have recently focused their efforts on an examination of the communication between these chemicals in both healthy volunteers and individuals suffering from diseases classically defined as neurotransmitter specific in nature. In addition, PET can measure the biochemical dynamics of acute and sustained drug abuse. Thus, PET studies of neurotransmitter interactions enable investigators to describe a multitude of specific functional interactions in the human brain. This information can then be applied to understanding side effects that occur in response to acute and chronic drug therapy, and to designing new drugs that target multiple systems as opposed to single receptor types. Knowledge derived from PET studies can be applied to drug discovery, research and development (for review, see (Fowler et al., 1999) and (Burns et al., 1999)). Here, we will cover the most substantial contributions of PET to understanding biologically distinct neurochemical systems that interact to produce a variety of behaviors and disorders. Neurotransmitters are neither static nor isolated in their distribution. In fact, it is through interactions with other neurochemically distinct systems that the central nervous system (CNS) performs its vital role in sustaining life. Exclusive quantitative capabilities intrinsic to PET make this technology a suitable experimental tool to measure not only the regional distribution of specific receptors and their subtypes, but also the dynamic properties of neuroreceptors and their inherent influence on related neurotransmitter pathways. The ability to investigate dynamic properties in a non-invasive and reproducible manner provides a powerful tool that can extend our current knowledge of these interactions. Coupled with innovative paradigms including pharmacologic manipulations, physiologic models and reconstruction theories, knowledge derived from PET studies can greatly advance our understanding of normal and abnormal brain function.
WAS LATIN AMERICA CORRECT IN RELYING IN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT TO IMPROVE EMPLOYMENT RATES

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on employment generation for a group of Latin American countries in the period 1980-2006. Using a dynamic panel model, which is estimated with the Arellano-Bover/BlundellBond system estimator, I find that FDI has a positive and significant effect on the employment generation in host countries, which is driven by its effect on male labor force. This positive effect is particularly important for less developed economies, periods with low inflation, and for the later period of the sample, but suggests that only countries with high level of informality and those attracting low average inflows of FDI accrue this benefit.
Minority Carriers in Barriers

Minority carriers play an important role when generation and recombination is important for steady state n(x), when minority carriers influence space charges with bias; when minor carrier densities and their cross over occur in junctions. Carrier generation and recombination is discussed. Thermal excitation is evaluated. Capture cross sections are defined. Field ionization is introduced, with the Frenkel Poole effect at lowest fields. Impact ionization and tunneling are evaluated at higher fields. Trapping and recombination is distinguished. Electron and hole traps. Recombination centers. Quasi Fermi levels and demarcation lines are introduced. Thermal equilibrium and steady state are distinguished. Zero current solutions in equilibrium. Non-vanishing currents in steady state. It is shown that the minority current limits the recombination. Current continuity is identified. The carrier lifetime is defined. Large generation optical excitation is evaluated.
Expansion of vasopressin/oxytocin memory research II: brain structures and transmitter systems involved in the influence of vasopressin and oxytocin on memory processing.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the eclectic approach to vasopressin/oxytocin (VP/OT) memory-processing research. The manipulated central levels of these neuropeptides are described. The investigators use a variety of aversive and appetitive paradigms in studies designed primarily to identify the brain structures in which VP and/or OT acts, and the neurotransmitters with which it interacts in its contribution to memory processing. Several of these investigators examine the putative role of endogenous VP and/or OT in memory processing. The role of dorsal or ventral hippocampal VP in memory retrieval, using an appetitive go/no-go brightness discrimination task and an inbred strain of mouse has been identified. The go/no-go appetitive visual discrimination task is used with two major objectives: ﬁrst, to determine whether hippocampal VP circuitry is involved in mediating retention in this behavioral paradigm; and second, to learn whether this same circuitry contributes to retention effects induced by central administration of exogenous arginine vasopressin (AVP). The effects of increasing and decreasing septohippocampal AVP neurotransmission on spatial learning in Long–Evans hooded male rats have been tested with the Morris water maze (MWM).
Effects of statins on cholestasis: Good, bad or indifferent?

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, are widely prescribed for the treatment of dyslipidemias. Physicians who prescribe these drugs are well aware of the small risk of increased transaminase levels that is seen in 1–3% of patients. This side effect is usually asymptomatic and reversible after dosage reduction or drug withdrawal [1]. The clinical insignificance of this side effect is underscored by retrospective analyses that support the use of statins in patients with chronic viral hepatitides and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [2]. In the vast majority of patients using statins, therefore, clinically significant liver injury does not arise.
Ultra low energy arsenic implant limits on sheet resistance and junction depth

We have investigated the limits on sheet resistance, junction depth and abruptness using ultra low energy As implants and RTA annealing. We report on anomalous diffusion of 1 keV arsenic implants where the same RTA anneal can result in a deeper junction compared to a 5 keV implant of similar dose. A range of anneal times and temperatures in an RTA from 1020C to 1175C, including spike anneals, have been studied. The effect of junction abruptness in reducing the external resistance of the S/D extension for these 5 and 1 keV As implants has been investigated. We show that because of a trade off between junction depth and sheet resistance limits, 1 keV As implants and RTA anneals cannot meet the technology roadmap requirements beyond 2005, though the junction abruptness will meet the requirements till 2011.
Proton-Proton Scattering at 5 Mev by a Coincidence Method

The scattering of 5-Mev protons by protons was examined by a coincidence method. Particular attention was given to the absolute value of the differential cross section at 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the laboratory system. The differential cross sections at other angles were determined relative to the cross section at 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The $S$-wave phase shift calculated from the observed cross section at 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} agrees, within the experimental error, with that from other experiments in this energy range. No indication of a $P$-wave effect was observed.
Saw palmetto ethanol extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation

The fruits of saw palmetto have been used for the treatment of a variety of urinary and reproductive system problems. In this study we investigated whether the fruit extracts affect in vitro adipogenesis. Saw palmetto ethanol extract inhibited the lipid droplet accumulation by induction media in a dose-dependent manner, and it also attenuated the protein expressions of C-EBPα and PPARγ. Phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt1 were also decreased by saw palmetto ethanol extract. This report suggests that saw palmetto extracts selectively affect the adipocyte differentiation through the modulation of several key factors that play a critical role during adipogenesis.
The Parallel C Preprocessor

We describe a parallel extension of the C programming language designed for multiprocessors that provide a facility for sharing memory between processors. The programming model was initially developed on conventional shared memory machines with small processor counts such as the Sequent Balance and Alliant FX/8, but has more recently been used on a scalable massively parallel machine, the BBN TC2000. The programming model is split-join rather than fork-join. Concurrency is exploited to use a fixed number of processors more efficiently rather than to exploit more processors as in the fork-join model. Team splitting, a mechanism to split the team of processors executing a code into subteams to handle parallel subtasks, is used to provide an efficient mechanism to exploit nested concurrency. We have found the split-join programming model to have an inherent implementation advantage, compared to the fork-join model, when the number of processors in a machine becomes large.
The electroencephalogram following occipital lobectomy.

Abstract The electroencephalograms of six patients, whose entire left occipital lobe had been removed at operation, have been reported. Three abnormalities have been observed. ( a ) Diminished alpha activity in the left occipital area; ( b ) the occurrence of sharp waves and fast beta activity in the temporal, central and frontal areas; ( c ) over-activity of the left temporal lobe with the presence of abnormal waves, increased alpha-like waves and large voltage sleep waves. It is suggested that some of the increase in activity is probably the result of scar tissue. Although it is possible that some of the remaining irregularity might be the result of anatomical changes resulting from operation, it is suggested that there is some evidence that the increased activity represents a release phenomenon; ( d ) it is concluded that following complete removal of the striate area, the remaining portion of the hemisphere, especially the temporal lobe, is capable of generating an alpha-like rhythm.
A history of the divergence theorem

Summaries This paper traces the development of the divergence theorem in three dimensions from 1813 to 1901, in its Cartesian coordinate form (1813–1875) by George Green, Carl F. Gauss and M. V. Ostrogradskii and then in its vector form (1880–1901) by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah W. Gibbs.
Horizontal Transfer of a Nitrate Assimilation Gene Cluster and Ecological Transitions in Fungi: A Phylogenetic Study

High affinity nitrate assimilation genes in fungi occur in a cluster (fHANT-AC) that can be coordinately regulated. The clustered genes include nrt2, which codes for a high affinity nitrate transporter; euknr, which codes for nitrate reductase; and NAD(P)H-nir, which codes for nitrite reductase. Homologs of genes in the fHANT-AC occur in other eukaryotes and prokaryotes, but they have only been found clustered in the oomycete Phytophthora (heterokonts). We performed independent and concatenated phylogenetic analyses of homologs of all three genes in the fHANT-AC. Phylogenetic analyses limited to fungal sequences suggest that the fHANT-AC has been transferred horizontally from a basidiomycete (mushrooms and smuts) to an ancestor of the ascomycetous mold Trichoderma reesei. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from diverse eukaryotes and eubacteria, and cluster structure, are consistent with a hypothesis that the fHANT-AC was assembled in a lineage leading to the oomycetes and was subsequently transferred to the Dikarya (Ascomycota+Basidiomycota), which is a derived fungal clade that includes the vast majority of terrestrial fungi. We propose that the acquisition of high affinity nitrate assimilation contributed to the success of Dikarya on land by allowing exploitation of nitrate in aerobic soils, and the subsequent transfer of a complete assimilation cluster improved the fitness of T. reesei in a new niche. Horizontal transmission of this cluster of functionally integrated genes supports the “selfish operon” hypothesis for maintenance of gene clusters.
EFFECT OF APPOINTED LEADERSHIP ON CONFORMITY

This study examined differences among participants in group discussions with appointed leaders or no designated leaders. Analysis indicated that, regardless of condition, there was a positive correlation between number of conforming statements and Wanted Control, Expressed Control, Wanted Affection, and Expressed Affection. Members of groups with appointed leaders made more conforming statements than members of groups with no designated leader. The results are interpreted in terms of ingratiation as a strategy for emergence of leadership.
Narrating Community in Doctrina Classes

While narrative focuses on particular protagonists and events, narrative also situates tellers and their audiences within a web of historical and cultural expectations, ideologies, and meanings, more broadly. As such, narrative creates shared understandings and community among those participating in narrative activity. Moreover, the narrative process extends beyond the boundaries of the here and now to embrace people and places in a cultural past. This article examines the religious narrative accounts of the apparition of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe told in children’s religious education classes called doctrina at a Catholic parish in Los Angeles. The children that attend these classes are of Mexican descent and their lessons are taught in Spanish. The article analyzes the linguistic and interactional means through which narrative renditions of the story of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe construct Mexican identity. The narrative renditions tell the story of the apparition of the Virgin Mary in Tepeyac, near Mexico City, in the year 1531, thirteen years after the fall of the Aztec empire to the Spanish conquest. These diasporic narrative accounts transcend time and space, as they continue to be told by Mexican Catholics at places beyond the geopolitical borders of Mexico. Moreover, these narrative tellings are instrumental for positioning teachers and students in a postcolonial moment that revisits the hierarchies of Mexico’s colonial regime vis-a-vis their current experiences as immigrants in Los Angeles.
Differences in Antibacterial Activity of Benzalkonium Chloride

Benzalkonium solutions obtained from different manufacturers were shown to have different activities. This difference in activity was related to the composition of the benzalkonium chloride. The potential seriousness of this situation is emphasized, and a recommendation is made that the official monographs on benzalkonium chloride be amended appropriately, noting the apparently superior antibacterial activity of the tetradecyl (C14) homolog.
Temperature, injection level, and frequency dependences of the luminescence in lightly - and heavily-doped CdTe:In

Abstract The temperature dependence, injection level dependence, and modulation frequency response of cathodoluminescence have been measured in Te-rich CdTe:In for materials with In concentrations ranging from 3 × 1015 cm−3 to 1 × 1018 cm−3. In lightly-doped material, the 80 K luminescence shows sharp band-edge emission near 1.57 eV and a broad impurity-defect band near 1.4 eV. As temperature increases, the 1.4 eV band quenches out, leaving only the band-edge emission. In heavily-doped material, the band- edge emission is absent and the 80 K luminescence shows only the 1.4 eV band. As the temperature increases from 80 K to 300 K, the 1.4 eV band does not quench out but rather undergoes a complex evolution into a long tail on the band-edge emission which begins to appear at approximately 140 K. At a temperature of 200 K, where the luminescence of the heavily-doped material consists of a broad but structured band approximately 0.2 eV in width, frequency response measurements indicate that band-to-band transitions contribute to the high-energy part of the broad luminescence while the remainder of the band results from slower transitions. The frequency and temperature dependences suggest that the luminescence involves an impurity level that has merged with a band edge at an In concentration of 1 × 10 18 cm 3 . We interpret this behavior as suggesting that the 1.4 eV luminescence in Te-rich CdTe:In results from a partially-forbidden transition between conduction band and a deep acceptor level rather than from an intracenter type of transition.
Systems releasing action therapy with alcoholics: An experimental evaluation

Described Systems Releasing Action Therapy (SRAT) and a controlled study that evaluated its effectiveness. The therapy combines physical and fantasy exercises and has its roots in the Bioenergetic and Gestalt traditions. To evaluate its effectiveness, 56 patients who were receiving treatment for alcoholism were assigned randomly to therapy and control groups. On 3-week follow-up, the therapy sample showed significantly more improvement than the controls on measures of blood pressure, physical symptoms, anxiety, hysteroid tendencies, disturbed feelings and self-image. Suggestive differences (interactions significant only at the .20 level) in favor of the therapy group also appeared on measures of vital capacity withdrawal, excessive drinking, anhedonia and four neurosis-oriented MMPI scales. However, 6-month follow-up data were relatively unimpressive. The results suggest this type of therapy is an effective one, at least for the short term.
A parametric investigation into the generality of schedule-induced polydipsia to wild-caught Norway and wild-caught cotton rats.

Abstract In Experiment 1, wild-caught Norway rats failed to develop schedule-induced polydipsia at 80% free-feeding weight when placed on several fixed-time schedules. During Experiment 2 all of the wild-caught rats became polydipsic when body weight was reduced to 70% of free-feeding weight. Domestic Norway rats developed polydipsia at 80% free-feeding weight and remained polydipsic during body weight and fixed-time manipulations. Experiment 3 tested the generality of schedule-induced polydipsia to wild-caught and domestic cotton rats under several fixed-time schedules, body weight levels, and during a normal and reverse light/dark cycle. None of the domestic rats, and only one wild-caught rat, developed polydipsia. The findings extend schedule-induced polydipsia to wild-caught Norway rats but not to domestic or wild-caught cotton rats.
Use of a new head holder for obtaining direct sagittal CT images of the TMJ.

Received from the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. * Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. I’ Professor, Department of Radiology; Director, Eye and Ear Infirmary, Radiology Section. $ Fellow, Division of Diagnostic Radiology. Supported in part by a grant from General Electric (GE no. 2537364) entitled Clinical_Applications of CT. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Heffez: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, 801 S. Raulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612.
Subcurative radiation significantly increases cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary glioblastoma multiforme in vivo

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors in humans, with a median survival of 12–15 months[1]. The current standard of care for GBM is surgical resection followed by radiation therapy combined with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide[2]. Even with aggressive treatment, tumors recur in a majority of patients. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new therapies to overcome treatment resistance in GBM. A major consideration in developing new treatments is to identify the mechanisms that are being used by tumor cells to become resistant to applied therapies. Factors implicated in GBM recurrence include cancer stem cells[3], tumor microvascular endothelial cells[4], hypoxia[5]–[7], cell proliferation, infiltration[6],[8], and angiogenesis[9]. Numerous attempts have been made to decrease recurrence and improve survival in GBM patients. In addition to aggressive surgical resection[10], one strategy that has been tested is increasing the dose of radiation[11]–[13]. Increased dose intensity of temozolomide has also not shown improvement in survival[14]. Currently, novel targeted therapies, including antiangiogenic agents, are being evaluated in combination with standard treatment[15], but the results to date have not been encouraging[16],[17]. For the past several years, radiotherapy has been an integral part of adjuvant treatment in GBM. According to the latest Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines, the initial treatment field includes postoperative peritumoral edema as seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plus 2 cm, followed by a boost field defined as a residual tumor plus 2 cm, prescribed to a total dose of 60 Gy[18]. Treatment effects are monitored by serial MRI, and two characteristic morphologic changes in the brain have been well documented[19],[20]. Pseudoprogression is seen as contrast enhancement on MRI, usually within 3 months after treatment, and generally exhibits spontaneous resolution. Radiation necrosis, however, is a less common but a more serious change. Usually found 3–12 months after treatment, radiation necrosis exhibits a characteristic histology but seldom shows spontaneous resolution. Although imaging changes have been well documented in GBM, the extent to which radiation affects malignant characteristics of the tumor has not been well documented. There has also been no clinically relevant primary human GBM animal model (with radiation) with which to understand the mechanisms of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. Most relevant animal models have used glioma cell lines, which do not accurately represent the growth characteristics of primary GBM. In the present study, we set out to determine changes in malignant characteristics, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and neovascularization, following radiation in an animal model of primary human GBM.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

Uses of 16 species of Hibiscus, section Furcaria DC, are discussed, with particular reference to kenaf (H. cannabinus L.) and roselle (H. sabdariffa L.), the two most important species grown commercially as fiber plants. Other uses of this versatile group include use as ornamentals and employment of various plant parts as food, medicine, wood for musical instruments, and in superstitious rites. Comparative morphology of certain vegetative and floral parts of 11 species and seeds of 12 species is discussed. Reaction of plants of 11 species to root-knot nematodes is reported. Ratings varied from highly susceptible to highly resistant; kenaf was more susceptible to nematodes than the other 10 species. Suggested origins, distribution, and genetic relationships of kenaf, roselle, and related species are treated.
GUESSmix-guided optimization of elution-extrusion counter-current separations.

Abstract Rational strategies for the optimization of separations are vital to any chromatographic technique. In counter-current separations (CS), once a suitable solvent system is selected for a given separation, the operator is faced with the task of optimizing the separation through the manipulation of those adjustable operation parameters allowed for by the current CS technology. This study employed a mixture of 21 natural products of varying polarity, molecular mass, and functionality, termed the GUESSmix, as a tool to assess the effectiveness of optimization strategies. The behavior of the GUESSmix was observed in the hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water 4:6:4:6 (HEMWat +3) solvent system. The effect of operation parameters on both the elution and extrusion stages of a recently introduced CS methodology, termed elution–extrusion counter-current chromatography (EECCC), was investigated. The resulting chromatograms were plotted with K-based reciprocal symmetry plots (ReS and ReSS), which allow comparison of the K values of significant peaks and assessment of resolution of eluting compounds in the interval 0 ≤ K ≤ ∞. The operation parameters studied were: (1) the effect of temperature controlled water circulation around the centrifuge; (2) the combination of flow rate and revolution speed; (3) sample loading capacity; (4) the direction of rotation either agreeing with or opposing the direction of coil winding; (5) injection before equilibration, a practice that saves operator time and reduces solvent consumption. The GUESSmix was found to be a highly useful reference mixture to compare and contrast stationary phase retention volume ratios, resolution, K-values, peak shapes, and extrusion characteristics between CS experiments. EECCC is shown to be a robust technique that may be enhanced with appropriate temperature, rpm, flow rate, sample loading, direction of rotation, and injection timing. Plotting ReS[S] chromatograms enables systematic study of CS parameters, which are not reproducibly represented in retention time or volume plots.
Modeling stormwater runoff from green roofs with HYDRUS-1D

Summary A study was conducted on the effectiveness of green roofs to mitigate stormwater using computer simulation. In this study, the stormwater performance was simulated for a modular block green roof using a packaged soil moisture simulation, HYDRUS-1D, with simulation results verified by study site data. Simulations were run using HYDRUS-1D for 24-h design storms to determine peak flow, retention and detention time for runoff. Storm data collected as part of a green roof study in Athens, Georgia, USA were used to validate HYDRUS-simulated runoff. The study site consisted of a 37 m2 (400 ft2) modular block green roof containing engineered soil and vegetation including several Sedum species. The study revealed that rainfall depth per storm strongly influences the performance of green roofs for stormwater mitigation, providing complete retention of small storms (
Effect of apomorphine on dopamine turnover and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in striatum of morphine-dependent rats.

Abstract Striatal dopamine turnover and the striatal level of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic-AMP) were measured in control and in morphine-dependent rats withdrawn for 72 hr. In morphine-withdrawn rats the administration of apomorphine reduced striatal dopamine turnover to a markedly greater extent than in non-dependent controls. However, apomorphine was less potent in increasing the striatal cyclic-AMP levels in morphine-withdrawn animals than in controls. These results suggest that apomorphine differentially affects dopamine turnover and cyclic-AMP levels in the striatum of morphine-dependent rats.
Dryland Riparian Ecosystems in the American Southwest: Sensitivity and Resilience to Climatic Extremes

Drylands make up over 40% of the earth’s land surface (Noy-Meir 1973; Reynolds and others 2007). In these arid and semiarid landscapes, surface and subsurface water flows create mesic riparian environments (Kingsford 2006; Stromberg and Tellman 2009). Dryland riparian areas sustain water-limited plants and animals that cannot withstand upland conditions year-round, thereby supporting regional diversity (Sabo and others 2005; Lite and others 2005). Dryland rivers are also characterized by occasional large, high-intensity floods that rework the bed geomorphology and increase riparian heterogeneity. This combined variation in water availability and flood disturbance creates spatiotemporally complex and unique landscapes (Soykan and Sabo 2009; Soykan and others 2012). The hydrology of desert riparian ecosystems has been extensively altered by human activities including stream diversion and groundwater extraction, and is expected to undergo further change in response to changing climates (Patten 1998). Globally, increasing temperatures associated with climate change are expected to intensify the water cycle, leading to greater rates of evapotranspiration, more water in the atmosphere, and more-frequent intense storms (Huntington 2006; IPCC 2007). More intense storms are likely to increase flood intensity over the next 50 years (Dominguez and others 2012). In the American Southwest in particular, warmer sea surface temperatures could spur stronger and more-frequent El Nino-associated winter storms (Garfin and Lenart 2007). Perhaps of greater importance are projected increases in aridity. Average precipitation is expected to increase at a global scale, but some regions, including the American Southwest, are expected to experience substantial decreases in average annual rainfall as well as increases in frequency and intensity of droughts (Seager and others 2007). As aridity increases, streams and riparian zones undergo declines in surface flow and depth to groundwater; there are declines, as well, in the extent of river segments with perennial (vs. intermittent or ephemeral) stream flow. Given that rivers and their riparian corridors function as keystone elements of arid and semiarid landscapes, climate change will have far reaching effects on regional biota (Stromberg and others 2010). Nevertheless, the extent of biotic change for riparian ecosystems in coming decades will be tempered by the fact that for desert rivers, climatic and hydrologic variation is the norm (Milly and Received 30 May 2012; accepted 13 September 2012
Automatic generation of overview timelines

We present a statistical model of feature occurrence over time, and develop tests based on classical hypothesis testing for significance of term appearance on a given date. Using additional classical hypothesis testing we are able to combine these terms to generate “topics” as defined by the Topic Detection and Tracking study. The groupings of terms obtained can be used to automatically generate an interactive timeline displaying the major events and topics covered by the corpus. To test the validity of our technique we extracted a large number of these topics from a test corpus and had human evaluators judge how well the selected features captured the gist of the topics, and how they overlapped with a set of known topics from the corpus. The resulting topics were highly rated by evaluators who compared them to known topics.
Digital elevation data

The primary goal of the session Integration of Digital Elevation Data into Hydrologic Models, sponsored by the Surface Water Committee of the AGU Hydrology Section at the AGU 1989 Fall Meeting in San Francisco, was to provide an overview of the various types of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and methods used to incorporate these data into rainfall-runoff models.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Anterolateral Ankle Soft Tissue Impingement

Ankle anterolateral soft-tissue impingement is a relatively common disorder, especially among athletes with a history of ankle inversion injuries. The diagnosis can be challenging, and surgical treatment by arthroscopy may be underutilized because of unfamiliarity with contemporary ankle arthroscopic techniques. Anterolateral impingement is characterized by chronic pain at the anterolateral ankle with physical activity. Physical examination findings are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of anterolateral impingement. Ankle arthroscopic debridement is the procedure of choice for surgical management. Optimal patient positioning and portal establishment, as well as specialized instrumentation use, are key components to efficient and successful arthroscopic debridement. Ankle arthroscopic debridement for anterolateral soft-tissue impingement has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment. This article highlights the key elements involved in the diagnosis and surgical management.
Management of Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Poisoning

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents or β -blockers are prescribed for the treatment of a broad array of common disorders. Their widespread use, coupled with a narrow therapeutic index, contributes to their being a significant cause of poisoning from overdose and the second most common cause of mortality from cardiovascular agents. This article provides an overview of beta-adrenergic system pathophysiology and the properties and pharmacokinetics of β -blockers. Also discussed are the various effects and management of β -blockers in overdose settings.
Ironing out tau's role in parkinsonism.

A new study shows that mice lacking tau develop parkinsonism because of intracellular iron accumulation that results in degeneration of dopamine neurons. Tau deficiency seems to impair ferroportin iron export by retention of the amyloid precursor protein, a neuronal ferroxidase partner, inside the endoplasmic reticulum (pages 291–295).