cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Instrument to Measure Student Attitudes Toward and Perceptions of MIS: Exploring the Success of Efforts to Change Perceptions of the Field Across Time and Gender

The Management Information Systems (MIS) field suffers from two pressing workforce issues, lack of diversity and an inadequate supply of entry level talent. Much has been done in the last five years to address these two related issues, but little is known about the success of these efforts. This study develops an instrument based on similar work in the hard sciences to measure 3 student attitudes towards MIS (Attitude toward success, usefulness, and effectance motivation) and student perceptions of both MIS and MIS professionals. Data was collected from 1102 college students over a 5 year period. Paired t-tests were used to test differences across time periods for each gender and to test differences between males and females within time periods. Surprisingly, little progress has been made to improve attitudes and perceptions. Interestingly, females and males do not currently view MIS differently.
Case Logs in the Assessment of Medical Students in the Outpatient Clinic Component of a Neurology Clerkship (S27.004)

OBJECTIVE: Using outpatient neurology clinic case logs completed by medical students on neurology clerkships, we examined the impact of volume of outpatient clinical encounters on measurable outcomes of knowledge assessed by National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Clinical Neurology Subject Examination, and clinical skills assessed by Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). BACKGROUND: The practice of medicine has shifted towards more care being provided in the outpatient setting. Given this realitiy it is beneficial to have outpatient exposures while in training, yet it is unclear how best to evaluate these experiences or how they will impact medical knowledge and clinical skills. One potential method of assessing medical trainees is through the use of case logs, however there is limited data on their utility. DESIGN/METHODS: Data from 384 medical students completing a neurology clerkship from 6/2007-7/2012, representing 9,529 patient encounters, were analyzed. Pearson correlations were calculated examining the relationship between number of cases logged per student and performance on NBME exam. Similarly, correlations between cases logged and performance on OSCE, as well as on components of the OSCE (history, physical, clinical formulation), were tested. RESULTS: Total number of cases logged per student was positively correlated with NBME exam scores ( r =.143; p =0.005) as well as OSCE scores ( r =.111; p =0.03). The total number of cases was positively correlated with the clinical formulation component of the OSCE ( r =.176; p =0.001) but not with the performance of history or physical components. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring the volume of cases logged by students in the outpatient neurology clinic may be a valid and easily applied method to assess performance. The volume of cases logged correlates with performance on measures of specialty knowledge and clinical skill. Interestingly, in measurement of clinical skill, seeing a greater volume of patients in the outpatient clinic is related to improved clinical formulation on the OSCE. Disclosure: Dr. Albert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brorson has received personal compensation for activities with CVS Caremark Corporation and as an expert in legal proceedings. Dr. Brorson has received research support from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation for activities with American Physician Institute, and the National Brain Tumor Association. Dr. Lukas has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for EBSCO Publishing. Dr. Lukas has received research support from the WUMER project. Dr. Amidei has nothing to disclose.
Simple Mandelpinski Necklaces for z^2 + \lambda /z^2

For the family of maps \(F_\lambda (z) = z^n + \lambda /z^n\) where \(n \ge 3\), it is known that there is a McMullen domain surrounding the origin in the parameter plane. This domain is then surrounded by infinitely many “Mandelpinski” necklaces \(\mathscr {S}_k\) for \(k=0,1,2, \ldots \). These are simple closed curves surrounding the McMullen domain and passing through exactly \((n-2)n^k+1\) centers of baby Mandelbrot sets and the same number of centers of Sierpinski holes. When \(n=2\) there is no such McMullen domain in the parameter plane. However, we show in this paper that there do exist Mandelpinski necklaces \(\mathscr {S}_k\) in this case. Now these necklaces converge down to the origin. And, consistent with the formula for higher values of n, each \(\mathscr {S}_k\) passes through the centers of only one Mandelbrot set and one Sierpinski hole.
Profile of a Terminologist in Localization Environments

Terminology as a subject for research has been around for centuries. Even terminology-related tasks have been carried out for many years. The profession of terminologist in the localization industry has been emerging and taken on a more distinct profile, as localization is maturing as an industry. This paper defines the profile of a terminologist in the localization industry. First, it sets important definitions, and then describes terminology work as an essential ingredient in the localization process, and conceptual analysis, in turn, as the essence of successful terminology work. It then gives examples of companies that employ terminologists and concludes by juxtaposing seemingly contradictory characteristics and skills of multilingual terminologists in localization settings. This article is made available under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
Cosmogenic isotope 14 C: Production and carbon cycle

C concentrations have changed notably through time. This is due to changes in either the rate of 14 C production in the atmosphere (a function of geomagnetic fi eld intensity and solar variability), or the distribution of 14 C between diff erent reservoirs in the global carbon cycle (primarily deep ocean ventilation). The Earth’s geomagnetic fi eld serves to shield the atmosphere from incoming cosmic rays, and when the magnetic fi eld strength increases, 14 C production decreases (and vice versa). Similarly, solar wind distorts the Earth’s geomagnetic fi eld in a way that reduces 14 C production, and a rise in solar activity will cause a decline in 14
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia Type 1: A New Variant Pathogenic CDAN1 Mutation

Abstract Introduction: Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a rare autosomal recessive condition that results in dyserythropoiesis and iron overload. Bone marrow evaluation in these patients demonstrates distinctive abnormalities in red cell precursors including multinucleated erythroblasts and chromatin bridges. Dysmorphisms such as distal limb abnormalities, skin pigmentation defects, vertebral malformations, and short stature may also be present. Mutations in the CDAN1/codanin-1 gene underlie the majority of CDA type I cases. We describe a previously unreported pathogenic variant. Case report: The female fetus of a gravida 2 para 1 woman was noted to have hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, and elevated middle cerebral artery velocity concerning for severe intrauterine anemia at approximately 20 weeks gestation. The parents had one previous pregnancy that resulted in a stillborn male infant with hydrops fetalis and club foot. Given concern for anemia with this pregnancy, percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling was performed demonstrating a fetal hematocrit of 9%. This severe fetal anemia was initially thought to be secondary to ABO incompatibility as mother was O- with a positive antibody screen and infant was A+. The fetus required four intrauterine transfusions and was delivered at 34 weeks 6 days via cesarean section due to history of previous cesarean. Exam revealed a phenotypically normal female with APGARs of 9/9 and a birth weight of 2130 grams. Following delivery the infant had serial blood counts performed over a 6-week period, which noted a steady decrease in her hematocrit to 16%. A transfusion was given, and a bone marrow evaluation revealed a cellular marrow with red cell hyperplasia and dyserythropoiesis. Next generation sequencing through PreventionGenetics was performed revealing a novel CDAN1 alteration. Results: The patient was found to be heterozygous for two mutations in trans in the CDAN1 gene: c.2072dupT and c.2093A>T. Discussion: We present a patient with severe fetal and infant transfusion dependent anemia who has two novel CDAN1 gene variants not previously described. The sequence variant c.2072dupT is predicted to result in a frameshift and premature protein termination and is expected to be pathogenic. The second variant c.2093A>T is predicted to result in an amino acid substitution (p.Glu698Val). Another amino acid substitution (p.Glu698Lys) was previously reported as pathogenic in an individual with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. Based upon the clinical picture, morphologic characteristics, and genetic findings, we have concluded that this presentation is consistent with a diagnosis of CDA type I. Through the utilization of improved diagnostic techniques we continue to gain knowledge regarding the molecular underpinnings of CDA type I. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Structural damage identification with multi-objective DIRECT algorithm using natural frequencies and single mode shape

Structural damage identification has been continuously pursued in engineering practices to facilitate diagnosis and prognosis in structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. In SHM, the changes of modal parameters are frequently used as inputs. In this research, we employ the multiple damage location assurance criterion (MDLAC) to characterize the correlation between predictions of both frequency changes and single mode shape change with the measured data. The damage locations and severities can be obtained by maximizing the MDLAC values. Thereafter, a multi-objective optimization problem based on their MDLAC values can be formulated and optimized by applying a newly devised multi-objective DIRECT approach. The proposed approach offers practical attractions of only requiring a short amount of computational time, and the results are conclusive and repeatable.
Optical characterization and thermal properties of CVD diamond films for integration with power electronics

Abstract Studies of diamond material for thermal management are reported for a nominally 1-µm thick layer grown on silicon. Thickness of the diamond is measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Spectra are consistently modeled using a diamond layer taking into account surface roughness and requiring an interlayer of nominally silicon carbide. The presence of the interlayer is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Thermal conductivity is determined based on a heater which is microfabricated followed by back etching to produce a supported diamond membrane. Micro-Raman mapping of the diamond phonon is used to estimate temperature rise under known drive conditions of the resistive heater. Consistent values are obtained for thermal conductivity based on straightforward analytical calculation using phonon shift to estimate temperature and finite element simulations which take both temperature rise and thermal stress into account.
Effects of Lever-Press-Dependent and Independent Electric Shock on Schedule-Induced Water Intake

Fixed-interval 300-sec. electric shock of sufficient intensity to suppress lever pressing in rats responding under a fixed-ratio-30 food schedule led to an increase in schedule-induced water intake (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 3 response-independent electric shock delivered under a variable-time 180 sec. schedule and which occurred simultaneously with the delivery of a food pellet attenuated post-pellet water intake in rats receiving food pellets under a fixed-time 40-sec. food schedule. In Experiment 4 shock also was delivered under a variable-time 180-sec. schedule but was not delivered simultaneously with food pellets. Even though it was unlikely that shocks were administered while S was drinking, attenuation of post-pellet drinking during shock was observed in an animal receiving food pellet according to a response-independent schedule.
Renal Replacement Therapy

Elderly patients are at increased risk for acute kidney injury with higher severity than younger patients. Early identification of at-risk patient for AKI is essential to mitigate AKI when able. Creatinine is a poor marker of renal dysfunction in elderly due to decreased muscle mass. Comorbid medical disease and medications used to treat these illnesses can have a dramatic effect on elderly trauma patient’s renal function. Failure to recover renal function is more common in older patients with AKI. Prior to initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT), discussion with the patient and/or surrogates should be undertaken informing them of the diagnosis, prognosis, and all treatment options. RRT modality in AKI is dictated by local resources and physician experience; studies have not clearly defined a superior modality. Renal replacement therapy.
Traumatic Upper Extremity Amputations

Traumatic upper extremity amputations are a commonly encountered by the orthopedic and hand surgeon, due to the exposed and functional nature of the hand. When the injured finger or limb cannot be reattached, amputations can be managed with primary closure or the use of soft tissue flaps to achieve a pain-free, functional, and aesthetic extremity. Goals of treatment of finger and arm amputations include the prevention of infection, maintaining the length of the digit or arm, and early return to ADLs. Many long-term complications of amputations can be prevented with well-directed and careful initial care.
Education as Transformation

When academics, politicians, and advocates vie for your attention – and your vote – in educational reform, it is useful to have criteria to evaluate their proposals. The goal of this chapter is to introduce criteria for sound educational policies, programs, and practices.
Expanding Efficiency: Women's Communication in Engineering

As engineering fields strive to be more inclusive of women, focusing on perceptions of women's work is vital to understanding how women can succeed and the limitations they may face. One area in ne...
A data-driven analysis of supply bids in California ISO market: Price elasticity and impact of renewables

One month of supply bids in the California ISO day-ahead energy market are analyzed in this paper. A total of 1.5 million records of bid data are studied. The bids are studied based on their types and their distribution at different hours. The relationship between the market price and the offered supply capacity are investigated. A data-driven estimate is provided for the aggregated supply curve and accordingly the price elasticity of supply is identified for hours that price is highly inelastic. Importantly, this analysis shows the impact of the recent high capacity installations of renewable generation in the state of California on electricity price and price inelasticity. Finally, the undesirable consequences of price inelasticity, such as on creating price spikes and exercising market power, are discussed.
An idealist critique of naturalism

According to many naturalists, our ordinary conception of the world is in tension with the scientific image: the conception of the world provided by the natural sciences. But in this paper, I prese...
Atrial natriuretic peptides. Effects on intraocular pressure, cGMP, and aqueous flow.

We report a significant decrease in intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of atrial natriureticpeptide (AP). There is also an increase in cGMP in iris-ciliary body preparations after exposure tophysiologic concentrations of AP in vitro. We present evidence that after intravitreal AP administra-tion there is a decrease in aqueous humor flow associated with the decrease in intraocular pressure.The changes in aqueous humor flow were estimated by automated fluorophotometry and aqueoushumor ascorbate concentrations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:2385-2392,1989
Regional Analysis of Norepinephrine, Dopamine and Amino Acids in the Brain 18 Hours after Hepatectomy and Infusion of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

Fulminant hepatic failure is accompanied by an increase of the concentrations of most amino acids in plasma and brain except the branched-chain amino acids.1–4 Norepinephrine (NE) levels in the brain are low in rats with hepatic devascularization5 or hepatectomy6 and in dogs with portacaval shunt and encephalopathy.7 Dopamine (DA), the precursor of NE, has been observed to be near normal in rats with hepatectomy6 and decreased in dogs with portacaval anastomosis7 or in humans with hepatic coma.8
Extra-renal manifestations of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare and complex disease resulting from abnormal alternative complement activation with a wide range of clinical presentations. Extra-renal manifestations of aHUS can involve many organ systems, including the peripheral and central nervous, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, integumentary, pulmonary, as well as the eye. While some of these extra-renal manifestations occur in the acute phase of aHUS, some can also occur as long-term sequelae of unopposed complement activation. Extra-renal symptoms are observed in approximately 20% of patients with aHUS, with the incidence of specific organ system complications ranging from a few case reports to 50% of described patients. Careful monitoring for extra-renal involvement is critical in patients with aHUS, as prompt evaluation and management may decrease the risk of high morbidity and mortality associated with aHUS.
Concurrent Clutter and Noise Suppression via Low Rank Plus Sparse Optimization for Non-Contrast Ultrasound Flow Doppler Processing in Microvasculature

A low rank plus sparse framework for concurrent clutter and noise suppression in Doppler processing of echo ensembles obtained by non-contrast ultrasound imaging is presented. A low rank component which represents mostly strong tissue clutter signal and a sparse component which represents mostly blood echoes received from slow flows in microvasculature are assumed. The proposed method is applied to simulated data and its superior performance over conventional singular value thresholding in removing clutter and background noise is presented.
Racial Disparities in Patient Characteristics and Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Importance Black patients experience worse outcomes than white patients following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Objective To examine the degree to which nonrace characteristics explain observed survival differences between white patients and black patients following AMI. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used the extensive socioeconomic and clinical characteristics from patients recovering from an AMI that were prospectively collected at 31 hospitals across the contiguous United States between 2003 and 2008 for the Prospective Registry Evaluating Myocardial Infarction: Events and Recovery registry and the Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients’ Health Status registry. Survival was assessed using data from the National Death Index. Data were analyzed from December 2016 to July 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Patient characteristics were categorized into 8 domains, and the degree to which each domain discriminated self-identified black patients from white patients was determined by calculating propensity scores associated with black race for each domain as well as cumulatively across all domains. The final propensity score was associated with 1- and 5-year mortality rates. Results Among 6402 patients (mean [SD] age, 60 [13] years; 2127 [33.2%] female; 1648 [25.7%] black individuals), the 5-year mortality rate following AMI was 28.9% (476 of 1648) for black patients and 18.0% (856 of 4754) for white patients (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.54-1.92;P Conclusions and Relevance Characteristics of black patients and white patients differed significantly at the time of admission for AMI. Those characteristics were associated with an approximately 3-fold difference in 5-year mortality rate following AMI and mediated most of the observed mortality rate difference between the races.
A diagnosis reconsidered: the symptomatic gallbladder remnant.

Background Patients can present with symptomatic gallbladder disease after cholecystectomy due to a remnant gallbladder. This is a rare problem and challenging diagnosis with limited prior characterization; thus, we present a large series of patients with a gallbladder remnant. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all patients presenting with symptomatic gallbladder remnant at a tertiary care center from 2002 to 2016. Data on presenting symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and follow-up were collected. Results Thirty-one patients diagnosed and treated for a symptomatic gallbladder remnant were identified. The most common presenting symptoms included right upper quadrant pain (87%) and nausea (55%). The median time from symptom presentation to definitive diagnosis was 60 days. Diagnostic modalities utilized in the evaluation of these patients demonstrated that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography were effective with sensitivities of 85% and 90%, respectively. Twenty-three (76.2%) patients underwent completion cholecystectomy, which proved to be definitive treatment. Additionally, eight (25.8%) patients were non-operative candidates and underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and sphincterotomy, three of whom developed recurrent symptoms. Conclusion A symptomatic gallbladder remnant after cholecystectomy is infrequently seen; however, the diagnosis should be considered in patients with recurrent biliary symptoms after cholecystectomy. Completion cholecystectomy can be challenging but is highly effective for definitive treatment.
Exploring How Mindfulness Links to Work Outcomes: Positive Affectivity and Work-Life Enrichment

As evidence accumulates about the link between mindfulness and well-being, organizational scholars have begun to ask how and why mindfulness results in positive change among employees. Drawing on Conservation of Resources Theory and Work-Family Enrichment Theory, we explored the underlying mechanisms that may explain the relationship between mindfulness and work outcomes. Using a community-based sample of 117 employed adults, we found evidence for a serial multiple mediation model of positive affectivity and work-life enrichment in the relationship between mindfulness and work outcomes (i.e., job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, turnover intentions). These results lend initial support for mindfulness as a psychological resource that helps employees accrue more positive work outcomes through higher positive affectivity and work-life enrichment. Practically speaking, this research suggests that mindful employees may be better equipped at leveraging positive affect, work-life enrichment, and work outcomes. As such, organizations may want to consider offering mindfulness interventions as one possible avenue for boosting employee resources.
Uncarved and Unconcerned: Zhuangzian Contentment in an Age of Happiness

Through the formation of positive psychology, the study of happiness has moved into the scientific domain. Positive psychology’s assertion is that with the proper adjustments, everyone can achieve happiness. The problem, however, is that “happiness” is never defined, causing scientific testing to construct new parameters for each study, inevitably altering the object being examined (“happiness”). Rather than pursuing amorphous happiness, I argue that the Zhuangzi 莊子 provides a more adequate and responsible process or method for living well. After exploring Aristotle’s position on happiness, I investigate the terminological and methodological issues with the scientific study of happiness. For an alternative, I propose Zhuangzian contentment that reorients individuals toward dynamic existence rather than false notions of control, which the scientific method suggests is possible.
Inclusion of an E7 DNA Amplification Test Improves the Robustness of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis.

Background: The rise in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates over the last few decades in the USA has contributed to a significant increase in the overall incidence of patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. These head and neck carcinomas develop in the oropharynx, with more than 90% of them caused by infection with high-risk HPV type 16. Patients diagnosed with HPV-induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) have a better prognosis and treatment response than those diagnosed with head and neck cancers caused by alcohol consumption and tobacco use. To identify patients with HPV-positive OPSCC, new guidelines recommend positive staining of oropharyngeal tissues for p16 INK4a (p16) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Herein we discuss the testing algorithm that was adopted to address discrepant results between p16 IHC and a DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) test used routinely to diagnose HPV-positive OPSCC patients. Methods: A DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test that amplifies HPV16 and HPV18 E7 was developed to aid in the diagnosis of HPV-positive OPSCC in a subset of patients. Specimens from these patients stained positive for p16 by an IHC test, but negative for high-risk HPV by a commercial DNA ISH test. Moreover, these results did not match the histopathological characteristics of the specimens, nor the clinical presentations of the patients. Results: Of 21 patients' specimens that were tested for p16 by IHC, 11 specimens showed concordant results with the high-risk HPV 16/18 DNA ISH test. Whereas, in eight p16 IHC positive specimens, HPV viral DNA was not detected by HPV16/18 DNA ISH, and two specimens were not tested by DNA ISH. When these eight p16 IHC positive specimens with discrepant p16 IHC and DNA ISH results were further tested by DNA PCR, six specimens showed concordance with p16 IHC with positive results for HPV16 E7, while two specimens were negative for HPV16 E7 by DNA PCR. All tested specimens were negative for HPV18 E7 by DNA PCR. Thus, the addition of the HPV16 and HPV18 E7 DNA PCR test identified a significant number of false negative test results by the HPV16/18 DNA ISH test and likely several false positive results by p16 IHC. Conclusions: Inclusion of an HPV16 E7 DNA PCR test improved the robustness of HPV-associated OPSCC diagnosis in patients with discrepant results from p16 IHC staining and a DNA ISH test, and identified patients for proper management with less misclassification. World J Oncol. 2020;11(1):1-8 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/wjon1243 Â
Hutchison Whampoa Limited - Yankee Bond Offering

Subject Areas: Global financing strategies; Pricing new bond issues; Political risk. Case Setting: June 1997, Hong Kong. Situation: In June 1997, Hutchison Whampoa Finance Ltd. was preparing the offering circular for a US$1 billion bond offering. Until now, the company had drawn on short- and medium-term loan facilities underwritten by banking syndicates for external financing. But with Hutchison Whampoa's diverse and expanding operations, the needs of the group were beginning to extend beyond the local banking community. The need for long-term financing was also prompted by the recent reorganization of the Cheung Kong (Holdings) group which resulted in Hutchison Whampoa acquiring an 84.58 per cent interest in Cheung Kong Infrastructure. Moreover, the time was ripe to increase the ratio of fixed-rate funding at prevailing yields which were currently attractive. But Group Managing Director, Canning Fok, and Group Finance Director, Bill Shurniak, both wondered what the reception would really be for a Hong Kong-based bond issue at the time of the Handover to China. The primary objective of the case is to expose students to the importance of international financial markets for long-term corporate financing. The students learn about the institutional aspects of the global debt issuance process, in general, and the U.S. Yankee bond market, in particular. Another objective of the case is to evaluate factors that may affect the pricing of bond offerings, such as maturity, credit rating and after-market liquidity in the international context. A final objective is to highlight how political factors can influence the outcomes of securities offerings in foreign countries.
Modifying the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials with inclusions of porous structures

The overall investigation of devices when it comes to the transformation of heat flux into electrical power, and electrical energy to heat power, significantly involves thermoelectric devices (TEDs). These devices provide the potential to build clean energy using a combination of appropriate materials. It has been recognized that more than 60% of the energy generated worldwide disappears, frequently due to the heat involved (exothermic reactions, friction, combustion, and radiation). Economically feasible TED materials and devices have not been successfully developed for larger-scale industrial use due to their low efficiency, unreliability, and high cost of materials and manufacturing. In this study, simple and inexpensive materials and methods were used to tailor the properties of thermoelectric materials to improve their figure of merit, which may be of great potential for meeting future energy demand. Stoichiometric bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) powder was compounded with numerous concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) salt particles ranging from 0 to 50% by volume. The NaCl was ground to microscale particles, and cylindrical pellets were crafted using cold pressing and sintering operations. Consequently, the NaCl was leached separately within the samples using hot water, which caused porous structures. Testing equipment was designed to measure the three essential parameters of TEDs—electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity—before and after the NaCl leaching process. Following that, the figure of merit was also calculated for each concentration. Primarily porous structures containing 20% NaCl had a 37.55% higher figure-of-merit value compared to the base samples (0% NaCl), and an increase of 89.07% in the figure of merit from the solids content of the samples was observed with NaCl inclusions at a concentration of 30% by volume. The existence of both NaCl and pores was sufficient to increase the figure of merit. Inclusions and porosity detrimentally influenced the electrical conductivity, but there was a substantial rise in the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity changes leading to an increase in the figure of merit. The figure of merit obtained from this study is relatively moderate for the latest generation of thermoelectric materials. However, the materials and methods used here were simple, economical, and scalable and have great potential for use with optimized thermoelectric materials in hopes of further improvement in the figure of merit.
Uncertainties in solar radiation assessment in the United States using climate models

Solar energy is abundant and offers significant potential for future climate change mitigation. This study investigates the impacts of climate change on surface solar radiation in the United States using a set of climate projections from global and regional climate models (GCMs and RCMs). Multi-model ensemble mean of GCMs in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) show a significant increase in annual mean surface solar radiation over the eastern and southern US. The projected solar brightening is consistent among different future periods and pathways. However, RCMs in North American Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) and convection-permitting simulations of the climate of North America exhibit a significant decrease in surface solar radiation over large areas of the US. Those conflicting responses between the GCMs and RCMs are evident throughout the year with the greatest disagreement during fall. When scrutinizing the mechanism of solar radiation changes, we find that cloud behavior alone cannot adequately explain the contrasting changes in solar radiation. Instead, if a climate model considers transient aerosols is the key for solar brightening or dimming. Future solar brightening is mainly associated with the declining aerosols that have been implemented in most of the CMIP5 GCMs. In contrast, solar dimming becomes evident because of the greenhouse gas effects in those GCMs and RCMs without considering the aerosol effects. This study highlights the importance of the aerosol effects in solar energy-related climate assessment, and it is necessary to implement the aerosol forcing in regional climate downscaling.
Quality & Time-on-The-Market in Residential Markets

We empirically examine Taylor's (1999) theoretical prediction that longer time on the market is associated with a perception of lower quality. Our most robust result is from an ordered-logit model that provides evidence that an increase in marketing time is negatively related to property quality. Results from a time on the market duration model indicate that higher quality properties take less time to market and lower quality properties take longer to market relative to a typical property in the sample. We also estimate a probit model that indicates higher quality properties are more likely to sell and lower quality properties are less likely to sell. The empirical results from the models support Taylor's theoretical model predictions that buyers perceive a longer time on the market as a signal of poor quality or the presence of a defect and thus, properties that remain on the market longer have a lower probability of selling.
Covid-19: NHS trusts deny restricting PPE during pandemic.

NHS trusts have denied issuing instructions to staff to restrict their use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the pandemic, despite hundreds of reports from doctors that trusts did so last year. Trusts also denied that they had issued warnings to staff who had raised concerns about PPE supplies being inadequate, despite reports from doctors that this had happened, an investigation by The BMJ has found. Many trusts said that they had reminded staff periodically of the need to adhere to locally adopted national guidelines from national organisations such as Public Health England over PPE specification and to use PPE wisely or appropriately. The UK parliamentary public spending watchdog reported this week that the government had wasted hundreds of millions of pounds on poor quality and unusable PPE that left frontline workers insufficiently protected from covid-19.1 Only one trust admitted that deaths from covid-19 among its staff were being investigated by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Yet over 600 NHS staff have died from covid-19, and the HSE has said that it holds data on closed or open investigations at an undisclosed number of trusts. The BMJ sent freedom of information requests to 130 NHS trusts in England asking about their policies on covid-19 PPE in 2020 (see box). Of the 66 trusts that replied (50%), 60 denied issuing instructions to restrict PPE …
Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in Plants Grown in Salty Soil in Response to Inoculation with Halophilic Bacteria.

Soil salinity is an increasing problem facing agriculture in many parts of the world. Climate change and irrigation practices have led to decreased yields of some farmland due to increased salt levels in the soil. Plants that have tolerance to salt are thus needed to feed the world’s population. One approach addressing this problem is genetic engineering to introduce genes encoding salinity, but this approach has limitations. Another fairly new approach is the isolation and development of salt-tolerant (halophilic) plant-associated bacteria. These bacteria are used as inoculants to stimulate plant growth. Several reports are now available, demonstrating how the use of halophilic inoculants enhance plant growth in salty soil. However, the mechanisms for this growth stimulation are as yet not clear. Enhanced growth in response to bacterial inoculation is expected to be associated with changes in plant gene expression. In this review, we discuss the current literature and approaches for analyzing altered plant gene expression in response to inoculation with halophilic bacteria. Additionally, challenges and limitations to current approaches are analyzed. A further understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in enhanced plant growth when inoculated with salt-tolerant bacteria will significantly improve agriculture in areas affected by saline soils.
Evaluation of Liposomal Bupivacaine at Split-Thickness Skin Graft Donor Sites Through a Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Split thickness skin grafts (STSG) are commonly required in reconstructive surgery but may cause significant pain. The goal of this investigator-initiated trial is to evaluate the effect of liposomal bupivacaine on donor site pain and opioid consumption. A parallel, randomized, controlled trial of adult acute burn patients with <20% total body surface area burns (TBSA) was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine at STSG donor sites. The control group received standard subcutaneous infiltration of dilute lidocaine solution at the STSG donor site, and the experimental group received dilute liposomal bupivacaine infiltration in a similar fashion. Donor site pain scores and opioid consumption in morphine equivalents (MEE) were evaluated. A total of 25 patients were enrolled in each group. There were no statistical differences in demographic variables, and TBSA was 4.0% in both groups (p=.94). There were no statistical differences in pain scores at any time point postoperatively (mean control range 3.1/10-4.9/10, experimental range 3.3/10-4.3/10, p=.12-.96). There were no statistical differences in opioid consumption at 24, 48, or 72 hours postoperatively between the groups (mean control MEE range 49.3-71.1, experimental MEE range 63.6-75.8, p=.34-.85). The average length of stay was 7.7 days in both groups (p=.88). No adverse events occurred in either group. There is no statistical benefit to the use of liposomal bupivacaine for infiltration at STSG donor sites compared to standard of care with respect to pain control, opioid use, or length of stay when evaluated in a randomized, controlled fashion.
Huntingtin Maintains Mitochondrial Genome Integrity and Function

SUMMARYThe function of huntingtin (HTT) is enigmatic in that the native protein provides neuroprotection while mutant HTT (mHTT) carrying an expanded stretch of glutamines triggers neurotoxicity in Huntington’s disease (HD). We recently reported that HTT forms a transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) complex with RNA polymerase and DNA repair enzyme polynucleotide-kinase-3'-phosphatase (PNKP). This complex resolves DNA lesions during transcription to maintain genome integrity, while mHTT impairs the activity of this complex, resulting in DNA lesion accumulation, activating the DNA damage-response in HD. Here we report that HTT forms a DNA repair complex within the mitochondria with mitochondrial RNA polymerase, transcription factors, and PNKP. This complex resolves mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions to preserve mtDNA integrity and function. Pathogenic mHTT reduces the complex activity, resulting in persistence of mtDNA lesions, impairing mitochondrial function in HD. Restoring the activity of the mtDNA repair complex in a Drosophila model of HD dramatically improves mtDNA integrity, and motor defects.
Non-periodic motion reduction in globoidal cam with roller follower mechanism:

Non periodic motion has been investigated using power spectrum analysis of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Lyapunov exponent parameter using Wolf algorithm, and Phase-plane mapping. A multi degrees o...
Prediction of Indoor Wireless Coverage from 3D Floor Plans Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

With significant advancements in Machine Learning and Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown promising results in handling classification and regression problems. We present 3DRSSNet, a model that can predict the signal strength of an Access point in a 3-D environment based on the 3-D floor map of the building. Our deep CNN approach differs from previous work in that (i) it can generalize to unseen environments, and (ii) to the best of our knowledge, it is the first work to utilize 3D maps to build a signal strength prediction model and validate its results using actual measured data. The proposed neural network model can help solve problems lie optimal access point placement and blind spot detection. Experimental results show that CNNs can predict indoor radio link quality with a performance with a Mean Absolute Error of 4.4 dBm and is able to generalize well to unseen environments.
An Investigation of the Role of Alternate Numeration Systems in Preservice Teacher Mathematics Content Courses

Alternate numeration systems are common in preservice teacher (PST) mathematics curricula, but there is limited research on how to leverage alternate systems to promote the development of mathematical knowledge for teaching. I analyzed the role of alternate numeration systems in three ways. I conducted a thematic analysis of current PST textbooks to consider the role of alternate numeration systems in written curricula. I conducted a teaching experiment to analyze PSTs‘ mathematical activity as they engaged with a base five task sequence to reinvent an algorithm for multiplication. And I introduced problematizing mathematical contexts as a design heuristic, situating this within the design theory of Realistic Mathematics Education. I found that alternate numeration systems can be leveraged to create opportunities for PSTs to (a) engage in guided reinvention of an algorithm, (b) improve understanding of base ten by comparing it to other numeration systems, and (c) reflect on their learning experience and the learning experiences of children.
Posttraumatic Stress, Generalized Anxiety, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

We have all heard the comment in reference to a person who has just endured a severe trauma that he or she “will be scarred for life” and, indeed, there are traumas that do scar people and, in some cases, for the rest of their lives. Awareness that trauma can be indelibly printed in a person’s mind and affect his or her behavior has long been known. Robert Burton (1577–1640), the English clergyman, scholar, and author, described in some detail a case history that today might be diagnosed as posttraumatic stress disorder.1 In describing the psychological aftermath of an earthquake, Burton reported that whole streets and … palaces were overturned …, there was such a hideous noise,… like thunder, and filthy smell, … their hearts quaked, and men and beasts were incredibly terrified.2
Identification of battery parameters via symbolic input-output analysis: A dynamic data-driven approach

This paper presents real-time parameter identification in battery systems as a paradigm of dynamic data-driven application systems (DDDAS). In the proposed method, symbol sequences are generated by partitioning (finite-length) time series data of synchronized input-output (i.e., current-voltage) pairs in the respective two-dimensional space. Then, a special class of probabilistic finite state automata (PFSA), called D-Markov machine, is constructed to extract pertinent features from the statistics of time series as state probability vectors. The proposed method has been validated on (approximately periodic) experimental data of a lead-acid battery for real-time identification of its pertinent parameters: State-of-Charge (SOC) and State-of-Health (SOH). The results of experimentation show that the analysis of input-output-pair data exceeds the performance of output-only data analysis.
On Combining Formal and Informal Verification

We propose algorithms which combine simulation with symbolic methods for the verification of invariants. The motivation is two-fold. First, there are designs which are too complex to be formally verified using symbolic methods; however the use of symbolic techniques in conjunction with traditional simulation results in better “coverage” relative to the computational resources used. Additionally, even on designs which can be symbolically verified, the use of a hybrid methodology often detects the presence of bugs faster than either formal verification or simulation.
Cross-jurisdictional activity networks to support criminal investigations

Border and transportation security is a critical part of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) national strategy. DHS strategy calls for the creation of "smart borders" where information from local, state, federal, and international sources can be combined to support risk-based management tools for border-management agencies. Sharing cross-jurisdictional law enforcement data is important because criminals take advantage of the fact that information sharing between law enforcement jurisdictions is very limited. Challenges to information integration in this important domain include policy and privacy concerns, data security requirements, semantic or schema-level matching of legacy system data, and identity matching. The BorderSafe project leverages the skills and experiences of a diverse group of researchers, law enforcement officials, and government agencies to address data sharing needs in the Southwest United States. Our demo presents a framework for combining law enforcement data across jurisdictions to support criminal investigation and describes how that framework was used in combining three large, overlapping datasets to produce an integrated system for visualizing criminal activity networks.
Farm and Weather Summary Allee Demonstration Farm

Farm Comments Developments. The farm has decided to use ground hay as the main forage source in the cattle rations. The 124 acres of rented land will no longer be part of the farm so that the Allee Farm superintendent can assist with crop plots at the Northwest Research Farm at Sutherland. Field Days and Tours. One event was held, and a total of 307 people visited the farm. A farm swine tour included a veterinarian roundtable discussion of herd health, farm/vet relationships, alternative facility designs, and management to meet the need of antibiotic-free swine enterprises. Fourteen veterinarians and 74 farm guests attended. Youth involvement increases every year by hosting groups from 4-H, Girl Scouts, grade school children, and the Schoolto-Work program. New Projects. On-farm yield variety trials of corn, corn rootworm incidence, and nonlinolenic soybeans; USDA collaboration in animal health and feed safety epidemiology study; Iowa Pork Board hoop barn farrowing project; a new farm weather station; NRCS water table well monitoring; and a Practical Farmers of Iowa on-site cooperator. Livestock. Swine facility design and farrowing systems studies continue to evolve around minimizing labor and decreasing pen/hut set-up time. The Allee Farm purchased 43 bred gilts from the National Pork Board and sold the existing herd because of low conception rates. The gilts were farrowed in four alternative farrowing systems: the heated lean-to barn, the heated hoop barn, the summer hoop barn, and the pasture paddocks. The farrow-to-finish antibiotic-free swine operation produced 676 market pigs. The cattle feeding system continues to improve by using ground hay in the rations. Beef cattle feeding totaled 362 head.
Causes of Hypouricemia

Excerpt To the editor: The data on hypouricemia presented by Drs. Ramsdell and Kelley in the February issue (1) is welcome and valid; however, their population was largely drawn from a Veteran's Ad...