cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Developments for the NWTC's FAST Aeroelastic HAWT Simulator: Preprint

Discrepancies in response predictions among FAST, ADAMS, and other industry-accepted wind turbine analysis codes led the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to dedicate significant time and effort to overhauling its FAST aeroelastic horizontal-axis wind turbine simulator. Included in the overhaul were improvements to the system dynamics models and upgrades in functionality. Improvements were made to the drive train dynamics models, output processing algorithms, tower and blade deflection characterizations, and other models. New features include an enhanced input/output environment, aeroacoustic noise prediction algorithms, periodic linearization routines for controls design, as well as a preprocessing utility that enables FAST to generate ADAMS datasets of wind turbine models. In order to verify that the new features and improved models included in the upgraded FAST were correct, verification tests were run against ADAMS. Comparisons of response predictions between the codes, in general, show excellent agreement. Regions where the different response predictions do not exactly coalesce are attributable to differences in the modeling techniques. This work has culminated in an upgraded version of FAST, equipped with more functionality, that predicts more accurate wind turbine responses than previous versions.
Evaluation of quality indicators and disease damage in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients

The aim of this study was to describe compliance with select quality indicators and assess organ-specific dysfunction in a childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus population by using a validated damage index and to evaluate associations between compliance with quality indicators and disease damage. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus prior to age 18 followed at a single center in the USA from 1999 to 2012 (n = 75). Data regarding quality indicators and outcome variables, including the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, were collected. The median disease duration was 3.8 years. The proportion of patients or patient-years in which care complied with the proposed quality measures was 94.4% for hydroxychloroquine use, 84.3% for vitamin D recommendation,75.8% for influenza vaccination (patient-years), 67.2% for meningococcal vaccination, 49.0% for ophthalmologic examination (patient-years), 31.7% for pneumococcal vaccination, and 28.6% for bone mineral density evaluation. Disease damage was present in 41.3% of patients at last follow-up, with an average damage index score of 0.81. Disease damage at last follow-up was associated with minority race/ethnicity (p = 0.008), bone mineral density evaluation (p = 0.035), and vitamin D recommendation (p = 0.018). Adherence to quality indicators in a childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus population is varied, and disease damage is prevalent. This study highlights the importance of quality improvement initiatives aimed at optimizing care delivery to reduce disease damage in pediatric lupus patients.
Nonhuman primates: A vital model for basic and applied research on female reproduction, prenatal development, and women's health

The comparative biology of reproduction and development in mammalian species is remarkable. Hence, because of similarities in environmental and neuroendocrine control of the reproductive axis, the cyclic function of the ovary and reproductive tract, establishment and control of the maternal-fetal-placental unit during pregnancy, and reproductive aging from puberty through menopause, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are valuable models for research related to women's reproductive health and its disorders. This chapter provides examples of research over the past 10+ years using Old World monkeys (notably macaque species), baboons, and to a lesser extent New World monkeys (especially marmosets) that contributed to our understanding of the etiology and therapies or prevention of: (1) ovarian disorders, e.g., polycystic ovary syndrome, mitochondrial DNA-based diseases from the oocyte; (2) uterine disorders, for example, endometriosis and uterine transplantation; and (3) pregnancy disorders, for example, preterm labor and delivery, environmental factors. Also, emerging opportunities such as viral (e.g., Zika) induced fetal defects and germline genomic editing to generate valuable primate models of human diseases (e.g., Huntington and muscular dystrophy) are addressed. Although the high costs, specialized resources, and ethical debate challenge the use of primates in biomedical research, their inclusion in fertility and infertility research is vital for continued improvements in women's reproductive health.
Ion pair particles at the air-water interface.

Abstract Although the role of methanesulfonic acid (HMSA) in particle formation in the gas phase has been extensively studied, the details of the HMSA-induced ion pair particle formation at the air–water interface are yet to be examined. In this work, we have performed Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations to investigate the ion pair particle formation from HMSA and (R1)(R2)NH (for NH3, R1 = R2 = H; for CH3NH2, R1 = H and R2 = CH3; and for CH3NH2, R1 = R2 = CH3) at the air–water interface. The results show that, at the air–water interface, HMSA deprotonates within a few picoseconds and results in the formation of methanesulfonate ion (MSA−)⋅⋅H3O+ ion pair. However, this ion pair decomposes immediately, explaining why HMSA and water alone are not sufficient for forming stable particles in atmosphere. Interestingly, the particle formation from the gas-phase hydrogen-bonded complexes of HMSA with (R1)(R2)NH on the water droplet is observed with a few femtoseconds, suggesting a mechanism for the gas to particle conversion in aqueous environments. The reaction involves a direct proton transfer between HMSA and (R1)(R2)NH, and the resulting MSA−⋅⋅(R1)(R2)NH2+ complex is bound by one to four interfacial water molecules. The mechanistic insights gained from this study may serve as useful leads for understanding about the ion pair particle formation from other precursors in forested and polluted urban environments.
The Japan Patent Office (JPO) Guide to Licensing Negotiations Involving Standard Essential Patents, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

The GAI submitted comments in response to a public consultation by the Japan Patent Office (JPO) regarding its Draft Guide for SEP (standard-essential patent) Licensing Negotiations. The GAI comments encouraged the JPO to acknowledge the platform characteristics of standard-setting organizations (“SSOs”), which link technology innovators directly with technology implementers, and to recognize the key role of SSOs in determining how patents necessary to the provision of standardized products and services should be licensed. The comment also asked the JPO to accept that substantial flexibility is necessary for SSOs and parties engaged in SEP licensing, in light of the wide variation in technologies, standards, and the competitive conditions prevailing in affected markets.
Physiology of immune competence

Abstract When evaluating a child with recurrent infection or suspected immune dysfunction it is important to keep in mind the different components of a fully competent immune response. There are three main parts. A healthy and competent immune response requires an effective (i) barrier to infection (ii) innate immune response and (iii) adaptive immune response. An understanding of these discrete systems and how they interact allows clinicians to undertake investigation and management in a strategic manner, moving beyond a ‘tick box’ approach to immune dysfunction. This review will outline different elements of the immune system, with specific reference to defects that can lead to disease in humans.
The Spatial Distribution of Spectroscopic Binaries and Blue Stragglers in M 67

Mathieu et al. (1986) have completed an extensive radial-velocity survey of over 100 late-type stars in M 67 with V < 12.8. The spatial distributions of the spectroscopic binaries and single stars (i.e. those stars without detected radial-velocity variation; many of these are undoubtedly binaries, albeit with lower secondary masses) are shown in Fig. 1. The distribution of the binaries is notably more centrally concentrated than the single stars. The two observed distributions derive from distinct parent distributions at the 98% confidence level. The projected half-mass radius of the binaries is 0.9 pc; the half-mass radius of the single stars is 2.4 pc. Indeed, 77% of the binaries lie within the single-star half-mass radius.
The STARD4 Subfamily: STARD4 and STARD5 in Cholesterol Metabolism

The STARD4 subfamily of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)-related lipid transfer (START) proteins consists of STARD4, STARD5, and STARD6, which share ~ 30 % amino acid identity with each other, ~ 20 % with the StAR/STARD1 and STARD3/metastatic lymph node clone 64 (MLN64) START domains, and ~ 15 % with other START domains. All three have no other protein domains besides START. Since their initial discovery, they were proposed to serve as intracellular sterol transporters. A subsequent decade of research has led to seven high-confidence conclusions: (1) STARD4 expression is regulated by cellular sterol levels via the sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2 transcription factor. (2) Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents increase STARD5 levels, though the mechanism may be posttranscriptional. (3) STARD4 and STARD5 are cytosolic proteins that may associate loosely with specific subcellular membranes. (4) STARD4 can bind cholesterol and efficiently transfer it between membranes. (5) STARD4 can mediate transfer of cholesterol to the ER resident enzyme acyl-coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) for esterification. (6) STARD5 does not have these ACAT effects but has some distinct activities from STARD4. (7) STARD4 null mice lack any clear phenotype. Other conclusions are less certain due to conflicting data but merit further study: ER stress and steroidogenic regulation of STARD4, selective expression of STARD5 in immune and reticuloendothelial cells, nuclear localization of STARD4 and STARD5, binding of bile acids by STARD5, and binding of other sterols besides cholesterol by STARD4 (such as 7α-hydroxycholesterol) and STARD5 (such as 25-hydroxycholesterol). Selective expression of STARD6 in male germ cells strongly suggests a role in fertility, but the functions of STARD4 and STARD5 in normal physiology and disease remain elusive.
Light-Sensitization of a Microbial Protease

A trypsin-like enzyme (1–4) has been isolated from a commercial preparation of Streptomyces griseus pronase. The purification procedure involved successive affinity chromatography using carbo-benzoxy-L-phenylalanyl-triethylenetetraminyl-Sepharose 4B (cPTS) (5) and CM ion-exchanger columns. Starting with B grade pronase in 0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.2, the first step was affinity chromatography with the cPTS column with elution by 1 M guanidine HCl. The second step was ion-exchange chromatography with CM-52 (Whatman) ion-exchange cellulose and sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.2; elution was by a linear gradient of 0–0.2 M NaCl in acetate buffer. The third step involved concentration of the enzyme by dialysis against aquacide in sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer at pH 7.8.
Formalized Self-Reference

Elsewhere [1] I have argued that the concept of self-reference has important applications in philosophy. These applications are a reason for trying to handle the concept as rigorously and formalistically as possible. In this connection, I have constructed asystem of logic CΓ [3] which can be shown to be consistent if the rule for ‘η’ is omitted, and within which at least some aspects of self-reference can be represented. I will now sketch this logic and show how it deals with the Russell Paradox and the Grelling Paradox.
Visuomotor Coordination: Neural Models and Perceptual Robotics

This paper addresses two complementary questions: What is the appropriate set of tools for the study of the networks of animal and human brains, and what are the strategies for building computers with “intelligence”? We argue that there are overall architectural principles which unite both sides of this study, namely, that a computer no longer be thought of as a unitary system but rather as a network of more specialized devices, and that many of these devices be structured as highly parallel arrays of interacting neuron-like components. We illustrate this with a discussion of the architecture of the frog’s brain as revealed in studies of the mechanisms of visuomotor coordination, and of the design of vision and motor conrol systems for robots. The following topics are treated: (1) What is a schema? (2) Schemas for Rana computatrix. (3) Tectal columns (4) Depth perception. (5) Pathplanning and detours. (6) Schemas for hand control. (7) Schemas for vision. (8) Challenges for cooperation.
A Decision Procedure for Bundle Purchasing with Incomplete Information on Future Prices

This paper introduces the on-line bundle-purchasing problem (OBPP) as a new computational challenge induced by e-commerce technology. The task of the OBPP is to decide which of many satisfactory combinations (bundles) of items should be purchased, from whom, and when, to maximize the buyer's overall satisfaction. Satisfaction, formalized as multiattribute utility, includes attitudes toward quality, reputation, and risk. The Prequote-Quote-Rescind (PQR) protocol communicates probabilistic and temporal information on the future prices and availabilities of items. A comparison set, defined as a set of bundles in which all items are available for a fixed interval and their prices are known, determines future intervals when purchase decisions will be fully informed. A decision procedure is provided that makes effective use of comparison sets and improves a buyer's expected utility compared with a naive decision procedure.
THE ASSOCIATION OF CHROMIUM IN HOUSEHOLD DUST WITH URINARY CHROMIUM IN RESIDENCES ADJACENT TO CHROMATE PRODUCTION WASTE SITES

Several previous studies of exposure to chromium waste in New Jersey have shown that Cr levels are elevated in household dust in homes adjacent to waste sites and that Cr levels in the urine of residents near sites are also elevated compared to control populations. It has not been possible until now, however, to examine these external and internal measures of exposure together in a large population to determine whether the external exposure is predictive of the internal exposure. We investigated the relationship between various adjusted and unadjusted measures of spot urine Cr concentration and household dust Cr from residents and residences adjacent to known Cr waste sites. Statistically significant bivariate relationships were found between log-transformed urine Cr concentration and Cr dust concentration (micrograms of Cr per gram of dust) but not Cr dust loading (nanogram Cr per square centimeter). Log-transformed urine concentration was used as the dependent variable in multiple regression analysis of the total population (n = 329), the population [less than/equal to] 10 years old (n = 67), and the population >10 years old (n = 262), with Cr dust concentration as a mandatory independent variable. Other potential direct influences on urine Cr were investigated as potential confounders of this relationship. In the final models for the entire population and those [less than/equal to] 10 years old, but not for those >10 years old, Cr dust concentration remained significant. This suggests that exposure of young children to Cr in household dust accounts for much of the relationship in the entire population.
Microsatellite instability in prostate cancer and response to immune checkpoint blockade.

5020Background: Immune checkpoint blockade has shown clinical benefit in mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) cancers, leading to accelerated FDA approval of pembrolizumab, a PD1-targeting agent, for t...
NanI Sialidase Is an Important Contributor to Clostridium perfringens Type F Strain F4969 Intestinal Colonization in Mice.

Clostridium perfringens type F (formerly enterotoxigenic C. perfringens type A) strains produce an enterotoxin (CPE) to cause acute cases of food poisoning and chronic nonfoodborne human gastrointestinal diseases (NFD), e.g., antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). NFD strains also produce NanI sialidase, an extracellular enzyme that releases sialic acids from sialyated host macromolecules. Recent in vitro studies suggested that NanI may contribute to NFD strain intestinal colonization by enhancing the adherence of such strains to intestinal cells and promoting their bacterial growth using generated sialic acid as an energy source. The current study tested this hypothesis by developing a mouse intestinal colonization model involving clindamycin pretreatment to produce conditions mimicking those during AAD. In this model, the type F NFD strain F4969 persisted for at least 4 days in the small intestine, cecum, and colon. When clindamycin-pretreated mice were challenged by oral gavage with equivalent numbers of F4969 bacteria or its isogenic nanI null mutant, significantly lower numbers of the nanI mutant were recovered from all intestinal segments, and it was completely cleared from the small intestine by day 4. Complementation of the mutant to restore NanI production also promoted colonization. When the same nanI null mutant strain was coinoculated into the mouse model together with a nanI-producing strain, the numbers of this mutant were restored to wild-type F4969 levels in all intestinal segments. This result suggests that sialidases produced by other bacteria might also provide some support for C. perfringens intestinal colonization. Collectively, these in vivo findings identify NanI to be the first known significant contributor to chronic intestinal colonization by NFD strains.
Intersatellite Communication System Based on Visible Light

Future space missions will be driven by factors such as the need for reduced cost of spacecraft without diminished performance, new services, and capabilities including reconfigurability, autonomous operations, target observation with improved resolution and servicing (or proximity) operations. Small satellites, deployed as a sensor network in space, can through intersatellite communication (ISC) enable the realization of these future goals. Developing the communication subsystem that can facilitate ISC within this distributed network of small satellites require a complex range of design tradeoffs. For small satellites, the general design parameters that are to be optimized for ISC are size, mass, and power, as well as cost (SMaP-C). Novel and efficient design techniques for implementing the communication subsystem are crucial for building multiple small satellite networks with capability for achieving significant data-rates along the intersatellite links (ISLs). In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to radio frequency and laser ISLs for ISC among small satellites deployed as a sensor network in low earth orbit. For short to medium range ISLs, we present an LED-based visible light communication (VLC) system that addresses the SMaP constraints, including capability for achieving significant data rates. Our research is focused on the development of the physical layer for pico-/nano class of satellites with prime consideration for the impact of solar background illumination on link performance. We develop an analytical model of the intersatellite link (ISL) in MATLAB and evaluate its feasibility and performance for different intensity modulation and direct detection schemes. Using a transmitted optical power of 4 W and digital pulse interval modulation, a receiver bandwidth requirement of 3.5 MHz is needed to achieve a data rate of 2.0 Mbits/s over a moderate link distance of 0.5 km at a BER of 10−6.
Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia Mimicking Osseous Metastases

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign bone disorder, in which normal bone structure is replaced by fibrous connective tissue. Polyostotic FD is also related to McCune-Albright syndrome with possible endocrine disorder and Cafe-au-lait macules. Although FD commonly presents as craniofacial bone abnormality, atypical presentation can be misleading and pose a difficulty in clinical diagnosis. Here we report a case of polyostotic FD, who presented as an accidental finding of multiple spinal osseous lesions, leading to clinic workup for metastatic cancer.
Intravenous Iron Therapy for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: Ferric Carboxymaltose Vs Iron Sucrose

Background: Postpartum anemia effects every fourth women in India. Parenteral iron therapy in comparison to oral is much faster in correction of Hb level, and replenishment of iron stores with much better compliance. The two available preparations of parentral iron that is iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose were compared in the present study for safety and efficacy. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology (SRHU Dehradun Uttarakhand) for a period of 18 month. 180 women of iron deficiency anemia were divided into two groups. 100 mg of IV iron sucrose was given in multiple dose of 200mg on alternate day over a period of 10 days to one group. 1000 mg of IV ferric carboxymaltose was given a single dose to the 2nd group of 90 women. side effects and reactions were noted. Results: Hb% and serum ferritin were done after 14 day of last injection the mean rise in HB in both groups were 1.71%( Group I) versus 3.20 % (Group II) serum ferritin levels was found significantly higher (p vol < 0.0001) in group II there were no serious adverse reactions in either group. Conclusions: FCM proved its efficacy better than iron sucrose. short stay at hospitals, large dose were given at over with very few adverse reactions were the main advantage.
Tfap2a is a novel gatekeeper of nephron differentiation during kidney development.

ABSTRACT Renal functional units known as nephrons undergo patterning events during development that create a segmental array of cellular compartments with discrete physiological identities. Here, from a forward genetic screen using zebrafish, we report the discovery that transcription factor AP-2 alpha (tfap2a) coordinates a gene regulatory network that activates the terminal differentiation program of distal segments in the pronephros. We found that tfap2a acts downstream of Iroquois homeobox 3b (irx3b), a distal lineage transcription factor, to operate a circuit consisting of tfap2b, irx1a and genes encoding solute transporters that dictate the specialized metabolic functions of distal nephron segments. Interestingly, this regulatory node is distinct from other checkpoints of differentiation, such as polarity establishment and ciliogenesis. Thus, our studies reveal insights into the genetic control of differentiation, where tfap2a is essential for regulating a suite of segment transporter traits at the final tier of zebrafish pronephros ontogeny. These findings have relevance for understanding renal birth defects, as well as efforts to recapitulate nephrogenesis in vivo to facilitate drug discovery and regenerative therapies.
Effect of calendering and temperature on electrolyte wetting in lithium-ion battery electrodes

Abstract The formation process during which the liquid electrolyte wets into the porous electrode films usually takes several days or weeks at elevated temperatures, which poses a distinct bottleneck in the manufacturing line of lithium-ion batteries, especially for large-size batteries. However, despite the significance of achieving rapid and complete wetting, reliable scientific investigation on the wettability between the porous electrode and the liquid electrolyte has rarely been reported. In this study, a systematic study of the effect of different manufacturing factors on electrolyte wetting rate is conducted. The effect of calendering degree and wetting temperature on the electrodes obtained through both organic solvent-based processing and water-based processing are studied in detail. The results suggest that although increasing calendering degree increases volumetric energy density, it generally reduces electrolyte wetting rate. While switching anode manufacturing from conventional processing to aqueous processing retards the electrolyte wetting process, switching cathode processing from organic system to aqueous system can drastically influence the pore structure of the cathodes, resulting in irregularly shaped wetted regions. The results also show that while the electrolyte wetting rate of all the tested electrolytes increases with increasing temperature, the change is significant only for the electrolytes with relatively high salt concentrations.
Premature epiphyseal growth plate arrest after isotretinoin therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma: A case series and review of the literature.

Background Vitamin A-derived retinoids have been reported to cause skeletal abnormalities ranging from hypercalcemia to premature epiphyseal closure. Isotretinoin is a retinoid used as standard therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma and has been reported to cause premature epiphyseal growth plate arrest. Procedure We identified patients from the Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) database with high-risk neuroblastoma diagnosed from 1991 to 2018 who experienced premature epiphyseal growth plate arrest and compared their characteristics to other patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. We then performed a literature review of this complication. Data collection included diagnosis age of neuroblastoma, presentation age, agent of exposure, dose, exposure range, and skeletal deformity. Results Among 216 patients, high-risk neuroblastoma was diagnosed before age of five years (n = 165), between ages of 5 and 10 years (n = 41), and after 10 years of age (n = 13). Three out of 216 patients developed premature epiphyseal growth arrest after isotretinoin exposure (overall incidence = 1.38%). The incidence of bony abnormalities was significantly higher in patients diagnosed in 5- to 10-year age group than in other two groups (P = 0.014). Literature review identified eight additional patients with neuroblastoma who presented with retinoid associated skeletal abnormalities. The median range of isotretinoin exposure for these 11 patients was between 6.5 and 7.625 years (range, 2-14) with no cases of isotretinoin therapy completion before age 5 years. Conclusion Bone toxicity associated with isotretinoin exposure is a concern. Growth plate arrest is a serious adverse effect that is attributable to isotretinoin therapy. Our findings suggest the prepubescent growth plate may be most at risk, and we recommend special attention to this population.
Election-less or non-election democracy: a missing link in finding permanent solutions to the problem of electoral malpractices in the politics of Nigeria

The Nigerian Government has taken measures to address the problem of electoral malpractices in the politics of Nigeria. This article examines the problem of electoral malpractices in the politics o...
Do Employees Prefer to Receive Ratings? The Role of Justice Perceptions and Justice-Related Factors

Abstract. We empirically investigated whether employees would rather not receive performance ratings, as often claimed by those advocating the elimination of ratings. We also investigated whether r...
Correction to: Synthetic biology, combinatorial biosynthesis, and chemo-enzymatic synthesis of isoprenoids

Unfortunately, the article title was published incorrectly in the HTML version (online version only) of the online published article.
Trust, civic self-efficacy, and acceptance of corruption among Colombian adolescents: shifting attitudes between 2009-2016

Civic self-efficacy and trust are interrelated dimensions of citizenship that are important in adolescence and linked to educational contexts. Furthermore, they have been separately connected to co...
Cape Dress: Interpreting a Historical Style through Modern Inspiration

This dress was a result of a senior capsule collection that stayed true to the aesthetic and theme of the line, Bricklane to Buckingham. This piece is part of a five ensemble collection. The purpose of Brick Lane to Buckingham is to show the juxtaposition of the new edgier generations and the traditions of the older generation wrapped into one. The traditions and inspirations in this collection include The Vaults (Figure 1), whose mission is to “collaborate and conspire, embracing artists from all walks of life to come together and inspire others” (The Vaults). The Vaults incorporate the edgy and traditional generations. This design piece also incorporates this through the traditional cape, because the royalty in Britain often used capes as a fashion piece, “In the 1950s, designers reimagined the cape completely, eschewing functionality by abbreviating the length to the chest and closing the front (Figure 2). It was seen as a fashion statement, with an emphasis on shape, fabric, and seamless lines” (Cheng). The design also brings in the edginess of the new generation through patent and leather, which is very prominent in London's current streetwear.
Aptasensor based on specific binding induced impedance changes in nanoporous anodized alumina membranes

Monitoring electrochemical impedance changes due to aptamer/ligand binding on nanochannel surface provides an attractive sensing mechanism for chemical and biological species. We report a surface charge modulation based sensing mechanism for the detection of small molecules – amodiaquine and homoserine lactone with their respective specifically binding aptamers. The change in charge distribution due to aptamer/ligand binding modifies ionic transport across the nanochannel, results in transmembrane impedance changes proportional to the amount of target present, providing a quantitative response. A sensor reader based on an analog devices chip ADuCM355 was developed and used to monitor the nanoporous membrane's impedance changes over the desired frequency range. These results show that the combination of a low cost sensor reader and aptamer functionalized membrane will enable the development of a portable and inexpensive sensor system.
Dynamic Stability of a Missile in Rolling Flight

The paper sets down the equations of motion for a symmetric rolling missile with respect to axes attached to the missile. The missile may be jet (or rocket) propelled or coasting under accelerating or decelerating conditions, respectively, wherein the variable rolling velocity is derived from intentionally or unintentionally "canted" fins and/or wings. The equations contain a force and moment system that includes, in addition to the usual forces and moments, those due to magnus effects, misaligned surfaces, canted surfaces, jet misalignment, and the linear accelerations in the plane normal to the missile axis. The results present general stability criteria for a rolling missile which are summarized in the "Discussion of Stability." LIST OP SYMBOLS (I) English Letters A — moment of inertia in roll about x axis, pd, lb0 sec. ft. A = A/pd\itr B = moment of inertia about y axis, lb. sec. ft. B = B/pd*. hr C ~ moment of inertia about z axis, lb. sec. ft. CD = drag coefficient, dimensionless c = wing or tail chord, ft. d — diameter of missile, ft, G = linear momentum vector H = angular momentum vector i, j = unit vectors along y and z axes, respectively L, M, N = moments about x, y, and z axes, respectively m = mass of missile, lb. sec. ft." m — m/pd, dimensionless P = rolling velocity of missile about x axis, rad. per sec. pz = P / F , r a d . p e r f t . q, r — angular velocities in pitch (about y axis) and in yaw (about z axis) 5 = area, sq.ft. T — thrust force, lbs. T = T/Pd\4 ft./sec. 2 t — time, sec. 11, v, w = components of linear velocity of the missile along x, y, z axes, respectively, ft. per sec. u, v,w = derivatives with respect to time V = scalar velocity of missile along flight trajectory ft. per sec. X, Y, Z — forces acting along x, y, z axes, respectively x, y, z = designations of coordinate axes z = distance along trajectory (II) Definition of Coefficients K = ?/V\ 1/ft. Kz , Km = dimensionless coefficients of force and moment, a a respectively, due to angle of attack or yaw Kz , Km = Kz ,/d and Km /d, respectively, 1/ft. Q'
Emulation techniques for microcontrollers

Microcontrollers and microprocessors have become very complex in recent times and the trend for more complexity is every increasing. Of course, complexity has led to larger packages with pin counts exceeding 160 pins. As larger packages are definitely harder to handle during assembly, pressure has been placed on integrated circuit manufacturers to make pins perform multiple functions where possible so that pin count can be somewhat kept under control. Speed is another issue. Microcontrollers are running at speeds exceeding 20 MHz now and already there are planned versions to run at still higher speeds. All of these factors translate into one very harsh realization: building an in circuit emulator for these new devices is very challenging.
Botulism and tick paralysis

Summary 1. Two patients manifesting bulbar paralysis are presented, each of which have been initially considered to have poliomyelitis. 2. These two cases demonstrate the necessity of summarization of all laboratory, clinical findings, and, if these are not in agreement with the diagnosis of poliomyelitis, further search is indicated.
The role of clinicians in determining radioactive iodine use for low-risk thyroid cancer

BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding the optimal management of thyroid cancer. The proportion of patients with low-risk thyroid cancer who received radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment increased over the last 20 years, and little is known about the role played by clinicians in hospital-level RAI use for low-risk disease. METHODS: Thyroid surgeons affiliated with 368 hospitals that had Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs were surveyed. Survey data were linked to data reported to the National Cancer Database. A multivariable analysis was used to assess the relation between clinician decision makers and hospital-level RAI use after total thyroidectomy in patients with stage I, well differentiated thyroid cancer. RESULTS: The survey response rate was 70% (560 of 804 surgeons). The surgeon was identified as the primary decision maker by 16% of the surgeons; the endocrinologist was identified as the primary decision maker by 69%, and a nuclear medicine, radiologist, or other physician was identified as the primary decision maker by 15%. In a multivariable analysis controlling for hospital case volume and hospital type, when the primary decision maker was in a specialty other than endocrinology or surgery, there was greater use of RAI at the hospital (P < .001). A greater number of providers at the hospital where RAI was administered and having access to a tumor board also were associated with increased use of RAI (P < .001 and P = .006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The specialty of the primary decision maker, the number of providers administering RAI, and having access to a tumor board were associated significantly with the use of RAI for stage I thyroid cancer. The findings have implications for addressing nonclinical variation between hospitals, with a marked heterogeneity in decision making suggesting that standardization of care will be challenging. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Cosmic Far-Ultraviolet Background Radiation

It is demonstrated that interstellar dust grains forward-scatter farultraviolet radiation extremely strongly: the value of the Henyey-Greenstein scattering parameter g at 1425 A is shown to be at least 0.75; the actual value is very likely greater than 0.9. Also, observations of the Virgo cluster of galaxies sets a limit τ < 2 x 1025 sec on the lifetime of 17–20 eV/c2 heavy neutrinos, if such neutrinos are responsible for the gravitational binding of the cluster.
Thank You Message—For Being Honored at Jane Addams’ Hull House

This thank you message came to AASWG colleagues and family members in an e-mail from the author after she was honored at the opening reception of the 2009 AASWG Symposium in Chicago, Illinois.
The University of Utah neutrino detector: I. Cylindrical spark counters

Abstract A cylindrical spark counter (CSC) has been developed as an element of the Utah neutrino detector. A typical counter is 15 cm in dia. and 11 m long with an 0.25-mm center wire. A gas mixture of 2 3 argon and 1 3 ethylene at a total pressure of 750 Torr results in a discharge sharply localized at the location of the initial ionization. Operation in the pulsed mode (6000-V clearing potential and 1.5-μsec, 2000-V pulse) makes possible economies in construction and permits use of a sonic ranging system to locate the discharges with a precision of 3 mm. Several discharges can occur simultaneously at different positions in the counter. A prototype detector containing 115 CSC operated for 6 months, demonstrating the stability and long life of the CSC and the ability of an array of them to give 3-dimensional representations of muon trajectories through the array.
Social Capital, Information, and Perceived Safety from Crime: The Differential Effects of Reassuring Social Connections and Vicarious Victimization*

Objective The study investigates the role of information obtained through local social connections in judgments about the safety of a neighborhood from crime. Methods The study employs a neighborhood-based survey of Seattle residents. Results Residents who are embedded in local social networks are more likely to become familiar with their neighbors, and this familiarity is associated with greater perceptions of safety. On the other hand, residents who are embedded in local social networks may also be exposed to accounts of local victimizations by talking with neighbors about local crime problems, which is associated with lower perceptions of neighborhood safety. Conclusion This work poses an explanation for weak and inconsistent findings in prior research on the role of social connections in perceptions of crime: that connections matter in ways that are dependent on the kinds of information residents receive through them. Connections to broader debates about the value-neutral role of social networks are discussed.
IL-18, a Novel Immunoregulatory Cytokine, Is Up-Regulated in Crohn’s Disease: Expression and Localization in Intestinal Mucosal Cells

IL-18, a novel immunoregulatory cytokine with potent IFN-gamma-inducing activities, may play an important role in Th1-mediated chronic inflammatory disorders. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression and localization of IL-18 in colonic specimens and isolated mucosal cell populations from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), a prototypic Th1-mediated disorder. Using a semiquantitative RT-PCR protocol, IL-18 mRNA transcripts were found to be increased in freshly isolated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) from CD compared with ulcerative colitis (UC) and noninflamed control (cont) patients, and were more abundant in IEC compared with LPMC. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgically resected colonic tissues localized IL-18 to both LPMC (specifically, macrophages and dendritic cells) as well as IEC. Staining was more intense in CD compared with UC and cont, and in involved (inv) vs noninvolved (n inv) areas. Western blot analysis revealed that an 18. 3-kDa band, consistent with both recombinant and mature human IL-18 protein, was found predominantly in CD vs UC intestinal mucosal biopsies; a second band of 24 kDa, consistent with the inactive IL-18 precursor, was detected in n inv areas from both CD and UC biopsies and was the sole form found in noninflamed cont. To our knowledge, this report is the first describing increased expression of IL-18 in a human Th1-mediated chronic inflammatory disease. In addition, our studies further support the concept that IEC and dendritic cells may possess important immunoregulatory functions in both normal, as well as pathological, mucosal immunity.
Comparison of diploid fibroblast and rabbit kidney tissue cultures and a diploid fibroblast microtiter plate system for the isolation of herpes simplex virus

We evaluated the relative sensitivities of two cell systems (rabbit kidney [RK] and human diploid fibroblast [DF; human embryonic tonsil]) in standard tube cultures versus DF cells in a 48-well microtiter plate system for the detection of both symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. At least one system isolated HSV in 111 of 809 specimens (13.7%). HSV was isolated in RK tube cultures from 110 specimens (99%), in DF tube cultures from 91 specimens (82%), and in DF microtiter plates from 95 specimens (86%). The frequency of HSV isolation varied with the anatomic site and the presence or absence of a herpetic lesion. The sensitivities of the three culture systems remained similar whether the specimens were obtained from lesions or whether the specimens were taken to determine if asymptomatic excretion of HSV was present. While RK tube cultures were more sensitive than DF tube cultures, the DF microtiter plate system was as sensitive as DF tube cultures and its use is supported as a cheaper and less labor-intensive method for the detection of HSV.
Adherence to Prescription Opioid Monitoring Guidelines among Residents and Attending Physicians in the Primary Care Setting

Objective The aim of this study was to compare adherence to opioid prescribing guidelines and potential opioid misuse in patients of resident vs attending physicians. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Large primary care practice at a safety net hospital in New England. Subjects Patients 18–89 years old, with at least one visit to the primary care clinic within the past year and were prescribed long-term opioid treatment for chronic noncancer pain. Methods Data were abstracted from the electronic medical record by a trained data analyst through a clinical data warehouse. The primary outcomes were adherence to any one of two American Pain Society Guidelines: 1) documentation of at least one opioid agreement (contract) ever and 2) any urine drug testing in the past year, and evidence of potential prescription misuse defined as ≥2 early refills. We employed logistic regression analysis to assess whether patients' physician status predicts guideline adherence and/or potential opioid misuse. Results Similar proportions of resident and attending patients had a controlled substance agreement (45.1% of resident patients vs 42.4% of attending patient, P = 0.47) or urine drug testing (58.6% of resident patients vs 63.6% of attending patients, P = 0.16). Resident patients were more likely to have two or more early refills in the past year relative to attending patients (42.8% vs 32.5%; P = 0.004). In the adjusted regression analysis, resident patients were more likely to receive early refills (odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.26–2.62) than attending patients. Conclusions With some variability, residents and attending physicians were only partly compliant with national guidelines. Residents were more likely to manage patients with a higher likelihood of opioid misuse.
Research Faux Pas: The Stigma of Wikipedia

Imagine, if you will, hosting a research party and inviting all of the major databases. Everyone who's anyone would be there. The EBSCOhost collection would show up as the popular trust-fund kids w...
Intracellular β-carotene transport in bovine liver and intestine is not mediated by cytosolic proteins

The mechanisms responsible for the movement of absorbed carotenoids between intracellular organelles and for the incorporation of carotenoids into serum lipoproteins are unknown. It was the objective of this study to use bovine liver and intestine as a model to study the possible cytosolic protein-mediated carotenoid transfer between liposomes and mitochondria in vitro. Liposomes containing beta-[3H]carotene were incubated with isolated bovine hepatic mitochondria (1 mg protein) and various quantities of liver cytosol or intestinal mucosal cell cytosol (0-6 mg protein) for up to 1 h at 37 degrees C. The beta-[3H]carotene activity in liposomes was then measured over time to determine percent transfer of beta-carotene to mitochondria. Over the time period studied, the rate of beta-carotene transfer was unaffected by increasing levels of either hepatic or intestinal cytosolic protein. These results suggest that unlike many other lipid species, intracellular transport of beta-carotene is not mediated by cytosolic transport proteins and must occur by other mechanisms such as vesicular transport or by membrane-bound proteins.
Cytotoxicity of a perfluorocarbon blood substitute to macrophages in vitro

Murine macrophage and macrophage-depleted splenocyte cultures were incubated under ambient oxygen with a commercially available perfluorocarbon blood substitute. The perfluorocarbon preparation was found to be selectively cytotoxic to macrophages. This finding may be significant in view of the preliminary therapeutic usage of these preparations. In addition, perfluorocarbons may be useful as a means of selectively removing macrophages from tissue and organ cultures.
Assessing Students' Perceptions of Psychology as a Science: Validation of a Self-Report Measure

Training in psychology emphasizes the scientific method as the basis for knowledge claims about thought and behavior. Students are regularly evaluated in terms of their mastery of methodological and statistical principles, but little attention has been paid to assessing the degree to which students endorse the notion that psychology is, indeed, a science. Several studies are reported that validate a self-report measure of this construct. The Psychology as Science Scale is shown to be a reliable measure that predicts a range of construct-relevant attitudinal and performance criteria. Possible research uses of the measure, as well as broader issues surrounding the general public's epistemological assumptions concerning psychology, are discussed.
Actinacyclobutanes. Thermochemistry based strategies for the ring-opening stoichiometric activation of saturated and olefinic hydrocarbons.

Etude des reactions du dimethyl-3,3 di-η 5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-1,1 thoracyclobutane avec des alcanes, le tetramethylsilane, le tetramethylstannane, la trimethylphosphine et des alcenes
A rhombic antenna case study

A NASA research program has been instituted which seeks to replace the present hydraulic and pneumatic control systems on commercial aircraft with electro-optical and electro-mechanical devices. This new technology should be lighter, cheaper, and easier to maintain, but may be susceptible to high-amplitude externally-generated electromagnetic fields. To determine the expected level of interference, a rhombic antenna utilized by the Voice of America for international short-wave broadcasting was modeled using NEC-4D. The predicted gain and take-off angle were calculated, along with the electric-field intensity at several data points located near the ground.
Familial Unilateral Renal Agenesis and Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Renal dysplasia and agenesis may be a familial disorder. We report the familial occurrence of unilateral renal agenesis and proteinuria that, at least in one case, was related to focal glomerulosclerosis. Whether these abnormalities are related to an intrinsic abnormality in the remaining kidney, hyperfiltration injury, systemic hypertension, or some other poorly defined factor is unclear at present. However, this report, along with previous case reports of familial renal agenesis, suggests that ultrasonographic screening of first-degree relatives of patients with renal agenesis is appropriate. Whether treatments such as dietary protein restriction, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or other therapeutic interventions will have a beneficial effect in asymptomatic individuals with unilateral renal agenesis remains to be determined.