cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stressed bioassay systems for rapid screening of pesticide residues. Part I: Evaluation of bioassay systems.

An investigation of bioassay systems employingDaphnia, Hyalella, Culex, orPalaemonetes was initiated in response to the need for rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive screening procedures for toxicants in food and feed. The procedures may also be useful to determine whether farm workers may safely reenter fields treated with pesticides. The evaluation of inherent toxicities related to types and amount of organic solvents commonly used in such systems indicated that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (MeOH) were least toxic in the aqueous test media. These solvents were then used in 18-hr tests to determine sensitivities of the four organisms to a representative compound from six classes of pesticides,i.e., dieldrin, parathion, carbaryl, atrazine,o-phenylphenol, and maneb. Stress factors such as the amount of organic solvent and volume of test medium were adjusted to determine their effects on three of the organisms tested against dieldrin and parathion. The highest sensitivity obtained with dieldrin (50% mortality with 2 ng in a 25-ml test medium) was withCulex stressed with 2% of MeOH in a reduced test volume.Hyalella stressed with 2% of MeOH were most sensitive to parathion (50% mortality with 85 pg in a 100-ml test medium); further stress imposed by reducing the volume of test medium diminished sensitivity.Daphnia, which were also very sensitive to dieldrin and parathion, were most sensitive to the other four pesticides which exhibited low toxicities to all test organisms.Daphnia would, therefore, be the organism of choice if only one could be used. The amounts of carbaryl, atrazine,o-phenylphenol, and maneb required to yield 50% mortality withDaphnia in 25-ml test systems (0.4% MeOH) were about 0.05, 15, 47 and 2.4μg, respectively. Preliminary experiments with various extracts of animal feed indicate that an extensive effort will be required to develop a method that will provide extracts that are compatible with the bioassay systems.
Auxiliary Subunits Assist AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors

Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, acts primarily on two types of ionotropic receptors: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Work over the past decade indicates that regulated changes in the number of synaptic AMPA receptors may serve as a mechanism for information storage. Recent studies demonstrate that a family of small transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) controls both AMPA receptor trafficking and channel gating. TARPs provide the first example of auxiliary subunits of ionotropic receptors. Here we review the pivotal role that TARPs play in the life cycle of AMPA receptors.
Correctness of the compiling process based on axiomatic semantics

A language that includes computed gotos and parameterized procedures is defined and its semantics are given axiomatically. A number of program transformations are described and proved correct. Taken collectively and applied repeatedly these transformations compile the full language into a low level subset.
Effects of hyperoxia on ventilatory and metabolic rates of newborn mice

Abstract Newborn mammals of medium or large sized species have ventilatory rates, expressed per kg body weight, larger than adults of corresponding size, while newborns of the smallest species do not. We hypothesized that the oxygen consumption of the smallest newborns is limited by the supply of oxygen and reasoned that if this were the case, an increase in PO2 of the inspired air should decrease their ventilation/oxygen consumption (V/VO2) ratio. We exposed 1–2 days old newborn mice for 5 min to 21% O2 in N2 or 100% O2, then measured their breathing pattern, by flow plethysmography, and VO2 with an isovolume closed system. During hyperoxia the V E /VO2 ratio dropped in average 36%, since V E decreased in 14 out of 18 animals and VO2 increased in all the animals tested. The drop in V E was due to a prolongation of the expiratory time, with no changes in inspiratory time or tidal volume. During expiration, interruptions of the expiratory flow and tendency to maintain the lung inflated, a characteristic of neonatal respiration, were more pronounced with 100% O2 than 21% O2 breathing. We conclude that the resting metabolic rate of newborn mice is limited by the supply of oxygen; when PO2 is raised, metabolism increases and ventilatory rate decreases in favor of a breathing pattern aimed to preserve lung volume elevated.
Role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B/2C receptors in the behavioral interactions between serotonin and catecholamine reuptake inhibitors

Dysfunction of monoamine neurotransmission seems to contribute to such pathopsychological states as depression, schizophrenia, and drug abuse. The present study examined the effects of the selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and antidepressant fluvoxamine on locomotor activity in rats following administration of the catecholamine reuptake inhibitor mazindol. Mazindol (1 mg/kg) did not alter locomotor activity; whereas, fluvoxamine (20 mg/kg) given alone induced a brief period of hypomotility. Hyperactivity was elicited in a dose-related manner when fluvoxamine (5–20 mg/kg) was combined with mazindol (1 mg/kg). The hyperactivity elicited by fluvoxamine (20 mg/kg) plus mazindol (1 mg/kg) was significantly attenuated by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist M100907 (2 mg/kg) and potentiated by the 5-HT2B/2C receptor antagonist SB 206553 (2 mg/kg). Neither antagonist significantly altered basal activity. The hyperactivity evoked by the combination of fluvoxamine and mazindol seems to be mediated in part by 5-HT2A receptors; whereas, 5-HT2B/2C receptors may serve to limit this effect. Thus, the balance of activation between 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B/2C receptors seems to contribute to the expression of locomotor hyperactivity evoked via combination of a 5-HT and a catecholamine reuptake inhibitor. A disruption in this balance may contribute to the expression of affective disorders, schizophrenia, and drug abuse.
Endovascular Treatment of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a deadly disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical clipping has been the gold standard treatment for more than 70 years. Endovascular therapy is now accepted as a valid alternative therapeutic modality. The authors' approach emphasizes collaboration between endovascular and surgical specialists. The array of new endovascular techniques has extended beyond the Guglielmi Detachable Coil to include new stents and flow-diverting devices. The future promises expansion of the number of types of aneurysms that are treatable with endovascular techniques.
Photon-counting statistics of the degenerate optical parametric oscillator.

Nonclassical light beams generated by the degenerate optical parametric oscillator operating below threshold are analyzed in terms of photoelectron-counting sequences. The positive-P representation is used to calculate the generating function for photoelectron statistics in a closed form. This generating function is used to derive expressions for the photoelectron-counting and waiting-time distributions. The dependence of these distributions on mean photon number inside the cavity and efficiency of detection is studied. The relationship between photoelectron-counting sequence and the photon emission sequence is used to present a simple physical picture of light beams produced by the degenerate parametric oscillator.
Market segments of push and pull motivations: a canonical correlation approach.

Evaluates a technique which allows the simultaneous examination of push and pull motivations. The relationship between these two motivations for overseas pleasure travel has been studied for a German sample of 1,212 respondents. Argues that the information generated from this analysis could provide significant insight and marketing advantage when segmenting travellers, designing promotional programmes and packages, and in making decisions about destination product development.
The limitations of cereal-milk diets for hemoglobin formation

Summary 1. The following commercially prepared cereals : Ralston wheat cereal, Quaker rolled oats, Cream of Wheat, Mead's cereal, and Wheaties, have been studied for their hemoglobin-forming qualities when fed with whole milk to anemic rats. The cereals were fed at levels of 3 gin. per day and constituted approximately 40 per cent of the total caloric intake, which is quite comparable to the common practice in child nutrition. 2. The daily addition of 3 gin. of any of these cereals to the milk diet of anemic rats failed to induce normal hemoglobin formation. No hemoglobin production was observed in the case of Cream of Wheat, and the rate aJad degree of regeneration obtained with the other cereals was much inferior to that observed when the milk was supplemented with iron, copper, and manganese. Complete regeneration was never obtained with these cereal-milk diets, although the rats were continued on the diets from eight to ten weeks. 3. The addition of copper alone to the milk-cereal diets did not lead to appreciable increments in hemoglobin formation. 4. When the cereals were supplemented with iron alone, the hemoglobin regeneration was almost comparable to that obtained with mineralized milk. The addition of both iron and copper to the cereal products produced better appearing animals, although the hemoglobin formation was little improved over the addition of iron alone. 5. The iron in Quaker rolled oats, Mead's cereal, and Wheaties is not as available for hemoglobin formation as the iron in ferric chloride. The iron in Mead's cereal is slightly less available than that in the rolled oats or Wheaties. 6. In view of these facts it is suggested that the milk-cereal diets of children be constantly reinforced with foods rich in available iron or with iron salts standardized as to their copper content.
Groups associated with minimal flows

Let S be topological semigroup, we consider an appropriate semigroup compactification Ŝ of S. In this paper we study the connection between subgroups of a maximal group in a minimal left ideal of Ŝ, which arise as equivalence classes of some closed left congruence, and the minimal ow characterized by the left congruence. A particular topology is defined on a maximal group and it is shown that a closed subgroup under this topology is precisely the intersection of an equivalence class with the maximal group for some left congruence on Ŝ.
Abstract 3729: Prognostication using Hif-1 alpha may require simultaneous nicotine assessment

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Current cancer diagnosis and treatment increasingly incorporates biomarker expression in the prognostication and therapeutic stratification of cancer patients; however, there is no accurate assessment of exposure to environmental agents such as nicotine that may significantly impact biomarker expression patterns. Methods: Athymic nude mice with human H460 lung cancer cell xenografts were stratified into three treatment groups (n=5 per group) beginning when tumors reached 5 mm in maximal dimension: control (CON), short term nicotine (STN, 60 ug subcutaneously every other day x 6 days), or long term nicotine (LTN, 60 ug SC every other day until tumor explant). All tumors were explanted at endpoint defined when tumors reached 15 mm in maximal dimension. Tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically for hypoxia (using CA-IX expression) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif-1) expression. This protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Kentucky. Results: Nicotine administration had no effect on tumor growth rate and all tumors reached endpoint within a median of 9 days following treatment initiation (range 8-11 days). Areas of hypoxia were defined using CA-IX expression. Tumor hypoxia was not significantly affected by nicotine administration. Moreover, Hif-1 expression was only minimally increased in areas of hypoxia in CON animals. In STN animals, Hif-1 expression was very similar to CON animals. In contrast, LTN animals demonstrated widespread marked increases in Hif-1 expression at the viable: necrotic tumor interface. Separately, xenografts removed at day 6 demonstrated similar widespread Hif-1 expression confirming that Hif-1 expression is significantly increased after 6 days of nicotine administration. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that widespread Hif-1 expression may be dominated by the presence of nicotine rather than hypoxia. Furthermore, acute removal of nicotine results in the restoration of basal low-level Hif-1 expression within 3 days of nicotine removal. This data may significantly limit the prognostic utility of clinical Hif-1 expression in the absence of simultaneous nicotine assessment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3729.
Consultation with Parents of Handicapped Children.

Abstract One of the most important responsibilities facing professionals in the educational setting is consultation with parents; few areas are as sensitive as consultation with parents of handicapped children. Various stages of adjustment tend to be experienced by these parents, and these need to be taken into consideration when consulting with them. Professionals should become more cognizant of the emotional factors which may be present in the lives of parents of handicapped youngsters.
Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War

Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War , Edward D. Mansfield and Jack Snyder, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2005, pp. x, 300. Research by political scientists has established, fairly conclusively, that democratically governed states rarely go to war against each other. There is also evidence to suggest that democracies tend not to become embroiled in militarized disputes short of war. The policy implications of this body of scholarly research seem clear: one path to a more peaceful world is by encouraging, pressuring, even forcing autocratic governments to embrace democracy. Not so fast, say Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder in Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War , for a glaring exception to the “democratic peace” is their finding that societies undergoing democratic transitions may in fact be rather warlike.
Treatment of (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder: Bridging the Gap Between the Audiologist and the Speech-Language Pathologist

There is a history of debate and controversy about the assessment and intervention of children diagnosed with auditory processing disorder (APD). Professionals in communication sciences and disorders view APD from different perspectives. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) tend to view APD from the language and literacy perspective, or a top-down model, whereas audiologists tend to view APD from an auditory perception perspective, or a bottom-up model. Professionals who assess and treat children with APD need to bridge the gap and merge their different perspectives to plan effective intervention for children with APD. A panel of audiologists who demonstrated expertise in the area of Central Auditory Processing Disorders (CAPDs) developed The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA's) technical report on APDs (ASHA, 2005). This report was approved by ASHA's Executive board in 2005. In this report, central auditory processing refers to the efficiency and effectiveness by which the central nervo...
A New Ally for Interferon-alpha in Cancer Therapy

Almost five decades ago, concomitant studies in animals and humans demonstrated the importance of IFN in oncology. Although the availability of recombinant IFN in the 1980s allowed the confirmation of the antitumor activity of IFN, it also generated some skepticism among clinicians and patients. This skepticism concerned the efficacy of recombinant IFN-α and its numerous side effects. For these reasons, questions about using crude IFNs or recombinant IFN-α were raised. Until now, these questions have not found complete answers. In drug discovery, the rationale behind developing pure recombinant IFN was based on the initial belief that IFN is a single molecule. In addition, the crude IFN was viewed only as non-pure IFN preparations, not as a mixture of different IFN types that may play some beneficial roles for patients.
Myositis-associated antigens. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, and OJ

In 1980, Nishikai and Reichlin recognized a precipitating system by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, labeled Jo-1 after the prototype patient, that was apparently specific for myositis [1]. In 1983, using 32P-labeled HeLa cells or mouse Friend erythroleukemia cells as a source of antigen, Rosa et al. recognized that a tRNAhis was immunoprecipitated by anti-Jo-1 -containing sera from myositis patients [2]. Shortly thereafter, Mathews and Bernstein showed that a protein of Mr 50,000 was immunoprecipitated from 35S-labeled HeLa cell extracts by anti-Jo-l-containing sera, and that the enzyme which joins histidine to tRNAhis, histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS), was inhibited by these sera [3].
Consideration of beta-1 adrenergic receptor polymorphisms along with traditional risk factors as predictors of prognosis in patients with heart failure

Traditional risk factors have been linked to heart failure (HF) severity. We investigated whether β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) genotypes and variable HF drug use offer additional prognostic information. Patients with documented HF were enrolled and followed for all-cause mortality, heart transplant, or HF hospitalization. Cox regression was used to examine the effects of covariates on outcome. Variables included traditional demographic, medical and social history, and laboratory parameters along with use of digoxin and spironolactone, β1AR codon 49 genotype, and β1AR codon 389 genotype. β-blocker, ACE inhibitor, and diuretic use were high at baseline and end of follow-up and not included in the model. Significance for inclusion in the model was set at 0.1. Patients (n=181) were followed for a median of 18 months (4 days min, 36 months max). Significant markers of HF prognosis are presented (Table). HF drugs with variable use (digoxin, spironolactone) and β1AR genotypes were not significant. Traditional risk factors associated with worse HF prognosis were verified in our population. β1AR genotypes and digoxin and spironolactone use were not associated with the composite endpoint. The guideline-driven high use of β-blockers in this population may have masked any β1AR genotype effects on endpoints. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P55–P55; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.208 Table 1. Variable Hazard Ratio P-value Serum sodium 0.88 <0.0001 NYHA class 1.81 0.0002 Creatinine 1.04 0.004 Male gender 2.24 0.007 Dyslipidemia history 0.60 0.051 Previous CABG 1.66 0.054 Diabetes history 1.63 0.094
Interpreting the WIC Debate

have asked us to help readers make sense of the competingclaims about the efficacy of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program forWomen, Infants and Children (WIC) on pregnancy and birth outcomes that haveappeared in the journal over the past three issues: The paper by Marianne P. Bitlerand Janet Currie in
Bedload component of glacially discharged sediment: Insights from the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska

The flux of glacially derived bedload and the proportions of the suspended and bedload components carried by proglacial streams are highly debated. Published data indicate a large range—from ,30% to .75%—in the bedload percentage of the total load. Two ''vents,'' where supercooled subglacial meltwater and sediment are discharged, were sam- pled over the course of an entire melt season in order to quantify the flux of glacially delivered bedload at the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. The bedload component contributed by these vents, for the one melt season monitored, is negligible. Furthermore, the bedload fluxes appear to be strongly supply limited, as shown by the poorly correlated discharge, bedload-flux magnitude, and grain-size caliber. Thus, in this case, any attempt to employ a predictive quantitative expression for coarse-sediment production based on discharge alone would be inaccurate. A nonglaciated basin proximal to the Matanuska Glacier ter- minus yielded higher bedload sediment fluxes and larger clast sizes than delivered by the two monitored vents. Such nonglaciated basins should not be overlooked as potentially major sources of coarse bedload that is reworked and incorporated into valley outwash. usually subequal, although bedload may range from ,30% to .75% of the total clastic load. Establishing portable relationships between suspended load, bedload, and discharge would enhance our understanding of how and when glaciers erode. For the melt season studied, we show that bedload is ,1% of the total clastic load and does not have any obvious correla- tion to discharge at two of the main vents at the terminus of the Matanuska Glacier, Alas- ka. These observations, coupled with high measured bedload component of adjacent non- glaciated valleys, inspire several working hy- potheses for the observed origin of coarse bedload in the Matanuska River downstream of the ice margin.
Computation of far-field solutions based on exact nonreflecting boundary conditions for the time-dependent wave equation

In this work we show how to combine in the exact nonreflecting boundary conditions (NRBC) first derived by Grote and Keller, the calculation of the exterior (far-field) solution for time-dependent radiation and scattering in an unbounded domain. At each discrete time step, radial modes computed on a spherical artificial boundary which drive the exact NRBC for the near-field solution, are imposed as Cauchy data for the radial wave equation in the far-field. Similar to the far-field computation scheme used by Wright, the radial modes in the exterior region are computed using an explicit finite diAerence solver. However, instead of using an ‘infinite grid’, we truncate the exterior radial grid at the far-field point of interest, and for each harmonic, impose the same exact NRBC used for the near-field truncation boundary, here expressed in modal form. Using this approach, two diAerent methods for extrapolating the nearfield solution to the far-field are possible. In the first, the near-field solution is computed using the exact NRBC, then, based on the solution for the radial modes evaluated on the artificial boundary, the exterior solution may be computed as a post-process. In the second, we show how to compute the far-field solution concurrently with the near-field solution and the NRBC. Numerical studies demonstrate that the method is highly accurate and efficient for direct time-domain computations of far-field solutions. ” 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
Incorporating NoSQL into a database course

This article introduces the concepts of Big Data and NoSQL and describes a semester long web-based project that uses both a relational database (Oracle 11g) and a NoSQL (MongoDB) database for an undergraduate database course. The relational database stores the record information of an online sales system and the NoSQL database stores three manuals. The semester long assignment and its implementation are available as a download.
Longitudinal assessment of the clinical and epidemiological features of Lyme disease in a defined population

were the late 1970s. Thereafter, during the period of active surveillance, attack rates declined by half. Altogether, 26 (16970) of the 162 residents developed symptoms of the disease. Most of those affected had erythema chronicum migrans, and when untreated, they subsequently developed arthritis or, in one instance, myocarditis. A minority of individuals, mostly children, had arthritis alone. Of 121 asymptomatic residents who gave blood samples, 10 adults (8^0) had high titers of IgG antibodies to the Lyme disease spirochete; these titers sometimes persisted for years. From 1981 to 1983, the estimated ratio of apparentto-inapparent infecton was HI. The high frequency of Lyme disease on Great Island underscores the need for surveillance and control programs.
Judd's 1951 color‐mixture diagram

Vos demonstrated that the Judd 1951 color-mixture diagram is a projective transformation of the CIE 1931 mixture diagram. He has provided transformation formulas for computing values of x′ and y′ from x and y, but he does not explain how the one set of data is derived from the other. Neither does Judd. Judd wanted the CIE to replace the 1931 V(Λ) curve with a new V(Λ) curve and to replace the 1931 XYZ diagram with a new X′Y′Z′ diagram. I have assumed that Judd started with the CIE 1931 RGB diagram. His X′Y′Z′ diagram can be derived from the RGB diagram if we use a different set of luminosity coefficients than those specified by the CIE. This change in luminosity coefficients was no doubt intended to compensate for the use of a new V(Λ) curve, but Judd has ignored the effect that this change in the luminosity coefficients should have on the alychne of the RGB diagram and the locus of spectral colors. This makes Judd's X′Y′Z′ diagram inappropriate for use in colorimetry and for use in building color-vision models. I have proposed a new solution to this problem.
A cyclodextrin microgel for controlled release driven by inclusion effects

A novel inteiligent delivery system based on The environmental dependence of the inclusion effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with guest molecules, using a β-CD polymer (CDP) microgel as carrier, is proposed. Compared with smart hydrogels, which are driven by the phase-volume transition, controlled release from the CDP Imicrogel is driven by host-guest inclusion effects. With the pH-dependent inclusion complexation of methyl orange (MO) with β-CD as a model system, the behavior of the controlled release of a CDP microgel was tested by changing the pH, showing that the mechanism is reasonable.
Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of an instrumented functional reaching task using wireless electromyographic sensors

The purpose of this study was to establish the internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the electromyographic and accelerometric data sampled from the prime movers of the dominant arm during an antigravity, within-arm's length stand-reaching task without trunk restraint. Ten healthy young adults participated in two experimental sessions, approximately 7-10days apart. During each session, subjects performed 15 trials of both a flexion- and an abduction-reaching task. Surface EMG and acceleration using wireless sensors were sampled from the anterior and middle deltoid. Reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2, k) and standard error of measurements (SEM) for electromyographic reaction time, burst duration and normalized amplitude along with peak acceleration. Results indicated high degrees of inter-trial and test-retest reliability for flexion (Cronbach's α range=0.92-0.99; ICC range=0.82-0.92) as well as abduction (Cronbach's α range=0.94-0.99; ICC range=0.81-0.94) reaching. The SEM associated with response variables for flexion and abduction ranged from 1.55-3.26% and 3.33-3.95% of means, respectively. Findings from this study revealed that electromyographic and accelerometric data collected from prime movers of the arm during the relatively functional stand-reaching task were highly reproducible. Given its high reliability and portability, the proposed test could have applications in clinical and laboratory settings to quantify upper limb function.
Reduced TCR signaling potential impairs negative selection but does not result in autoimmune disease

Negative selection and regulatory T (T reg) cell development are two thymus-dependent processes necessary for the enforcement of self-tolerance, and both require high-affinity interactions between the T cell receptor (TCR) and self-ligands. However, it remains unclear if they are similarly impacted by alterations in TCR signaling potential. We generated a knock-in allele (6F) of the TCR ζ chain gene encoding a mutant protein lacking signaling capability whose expression is controlled by endogenous ζ regulatory sequences. Although negative selection was defective in 6F/6F mice, leading to the survival of autoreactive T cells, 6F/6F mice did not develop autoimmune disease. We found that 6F/6F mice generated increased numbers of thymus-derived T reg cells. We show that attenuation of TCR signaling potential selectively impacts downstream signaling responses and that this differential effect favors Foxp3 expression and T reg cell lineage commitment. These results identify a potential compensatory pathway for the enforcement of immune tolerance in response to defective negative selection caused by reduced TCR signaling capability.
Early Adolescent Romantic Partner Status, Peer Standing, and Problem Behaviors

This study examined associations among early adolescent romantic relationships, peer standing, problem behaviors, and gender as a moderator of these associations, in a sample of 320 seventh-grade students. Popular and controversial status youth were more likely to have a romantic partner, whereas neglected status youth were less likely to have a romantic partner. Similarly, youth perceived as conventional and unconventional leaders were also more likely to have a romantic partner than were non-leaders. Youth who had a romantic partner drank more alcohol and were more aggressive than were youth who did not have a romantic partner. Among those youth who had romantic partners, those who reported having more deviance-prone partners were themselves more likely to use alcohol and to be more aggressive, and those who engaged in deviant behavior with their partners used more alcohol. However, these associations varied somewhat by gender. These findings underscore the salience of early romantic partner relationships in the adjustment of early adolescents.
CASE STUDY: Phenomenological Study of a University Horse Population for Research and Education1

Equine research and education represent a large part of animal science and veterinary medicine worldwide. The uses of, and management approach to, a horse population at a university may influence the success of research and educational programs. The aim of this study was to provide an initial inquiry into the use and management of horses in research and education at a university. Using a phenomenological approach, which involves exploring participants’ views on a situation without any prior assumptions, 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with faculty and staff members involved within equine research and education at a university. Information was gathered describing the use and management of the horse population. A framework method of analysis was used to categorize the responses into themes. A total of 180 horses housed at four locations, including three farms, provided 100 hect
Early Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype changes in Utah adults after the introduction of PCV13 in children.

Abstract Introduction Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have indirect effects due to decreased Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in vaccine recipients. We sought to determine whether the introduction of PCV13 in children led to changes in the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in adults. Methods We described demographics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, and serotypes of IPD in Utah adults before (November 2009−February 2010) and after (March 2010−March 2012) the introduction of PCV13 in children. We also compare serotypes causing IPD in Utah adults and children. Results After the introduction of PCV13 in the childhood vaccine program, the proportion of IPD due to PCV13 exclusive serotypes decreased significantly in Utah adults (64−40%, p = 0.009), primarily due to a decline in serotype 7F (36−15%, p = 0.008). There were non-significant increases in IPD due to Pneumococcal polysaccharide 23 (PPV23) unique serotypes and non-vaccine serotypes, most notably serotype 22F. Changes in the proportions of vaccine and non-vaccine serotypes were similar in adults and children. Meningitis was more commonly due to non-vaccine serotypes relative to non-meningitis cases (47% vs. 18%, p = 0.007). When stratified by sex, decreases in PCV13 serotype IPD were only noted in men (76−33%, p = 0.001). Conclusions Serotype epidemiology of IPD in adults closely follows that of children in the PCV13 era. Continued surveillance is needed to confirm whether replacement serotypes will lead to increases in pneumococcal meningitis and whether there are sex differences in the indirect effects of PCV vaccination in children.
Models of human-centered automation in a debridement task

In robot-assisted surgery, manipulation tasks can be achieved through collaboration among robotic and human agents. Collaboration models can potentially include multiple agents working towards a shared objective — a scenario referred to as multilateral manipulation. In this work, we examine multilateral manipulation in the task of debridement: removing dead tissue or damaged tissue fragments to allow remaining healthy tissue to heal. We extended our previously developed multilateral manipulation software framework to the task of debridement and implemented four different collaboration models: (1) fully autonomous debridement, (2) shared control between a human and robotic agent, (3) supervised control where the operator identifies foreign bodies to be excised, and (4) teleoperation. We demonstrate these collaboration models with the RAVEN-II robot, an open-architecture surgical robot with two cable-driven 7-DOF arms. Each collaboration model included methods to remove foreign bodies from the field of view of a stereoscopic camera setup. Results indicate tradeoffs in experiment duration, hardware requirements, and safety implications among the four collaboration models.
Extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptors: distribution, pharmacological characterization and region-specific regulation by clozapine.

The distribution of dopamine D2 receptors in the rat brain was determined by quantitative autoradiography of the binding of [125I]epidepride and the effects of chronic drug administration on regulation of receptors in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions were characterized. [125I]Epidepride (2200 Ci/mmol) bound with high affinity to coronal tissue sections from the rat brain (Kd = 78 pM), and specific binding was detected in a number of discrete layers, nuclei or regions of the hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum and other extrastriatal sites. Pharmacological analysis of radioligand binding to hippocampal and cerebellar membranes indicated binding to dopamine D2 receptors, and approximately 10% of the binding appeared to represent low affinity idazoxan-displaceable binding to alpha-2 adrenoceptors. The binding to extrastriatal regions resembled previously reported radioligand binding to dopamine D2 receptors in striatal and cortical membranes. Chronic (14 day) administration of two dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, either the typical neuroleptic haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) or the atypical neuroleptic clozapine (30 mg/kg i.p.), caused a significant increase in the density of [125I]epidepride binding sites in the medial prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex. Only haloperidol caused a significant increase in the density of [3H]spiperone and [125I]epidepride binding sites in the striatum and a slight increase in [125I]epidepride binding sites in the hippocampus. Similar administration of amphetamine (5 mg/kg i.p.) had no significant effect on the density of dopamine D2 receptors in any brain region examined. In addition, no drug-induced changes in the characteristics of dopamine D2 receptors in discrete areas of the cerebellum were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hierarchical ZnO Nanowire Growth with Tunable Orientations on Versatile Substrates Using Atomic Layer Deposition Seeding

The ability to synthesize semiconductor nanowires with deterministic and tunable control of orientation and morphology on a wide range of substrates, while high precision and repeatability are maintained, is a challenge currently faced for the development of many nanoscale material systems. Here we show that atomic layer deposition (ALD) presents a reliable method of surface and interfacial modification to guide nanowire orientation on a variety of substrate materials and geometries, including high-aspect-ratio, three-dimensional templates. We demonstrate control of the orientation and geometric properties of hydrothermally grown single crystalline ZnO nanowires via the deposition of a ZnO seed layer by ALD. The crystallographic texture and roughness of the seed layer result in tunable preferred nanowire orientations and densities for identical hydrothermal growth conditions. The structural and chemical relationship between the ALD layers and nanowires was investigated with synchrotron X-ray diffraction, ...
Being Bogart: Professional Identity after Michael Clayton

The best movies are more than entertainment; they also can teach us lessons we need to learn. Movies can offer us both critical insights about how the world really works and also hints of a better future. In this essay I suggest the George Clooney character in "Michael Clayton" performs the first function and the Humphrey Bogart character in the "The Maltese Falcon" the second. Young lawyers might find that “being Bogart” might be the answer to the riddle of how to be a good lawyer in a bad world.
Beyond Mindfulness: Expanding Integration of Spirituality and Religion into Psychotherapy

Since the publication of Bergin’s classic 1980 paper “Psychotherapy and Religious Values” in the Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, an enormous amount of quality research has been conducted on the integration of religious and spiritual values and perspectives into the psychotherapy endeavor. Numerous empirical studies, chapters, books, blogs, and specialty organizations have emerged in the past 35 years that have helped researchers and clinicians alike come to appreciate the value of religion and spirituality in the psychotherapeutic process. While so much has been accomplished in this area of integration, so much more needs to occur in order for the psychotherapeutic world to benefit from the wisdom of the great religious and spiritual traditions and values. While state-of-the-art quality research has and continues to demonstrate how religious and spiritual practices and values can be used effectively to enhance the benefits of behavioral and psychological interventions, too often the field either gets overly focused on particular and perhaps trendy areas of interest (e.g., mindfulness) or fails to appreciate and incorporate the research evidence supporting (or not supporting) the use of certain religiously or spiritually informed assessments and interventions. The purpose of this article is to reflect on where the field integrating religion, spirituality and psychotherapy has evolved through the present and where it still needs to go in the future. In doing so I hope to reflect on the call for integration that Bergin highlights in his classic 1980 paper.
Electronic Structure of Lithium Peroxide Clusters and Relevance to Lithium–Air Batteries

The prospect of Li–air(oxygen) batteries has generated much interest because of the possibility of extending the range of electric vehicles due to their potentially high gravimetric density. The exact morphology of the lithium peroxide formed during discharge has not been determined yet, but the growth likely involves nanoparticles and possibly agglomerates of nanoparticles. In this article, we report on density functional calculations of stoichiometric lithium peroxide clusters that provide evidence for the stabilization of high spin states relative to the closed shell state in the clusters. The density functional calculations indicate that a triplet state is favored over a closed shell singlet state for a dimer, trimer, and tetramer of lithium peroxide, whereas in the lithium peroxide monomer, the closed shell singlet is strongly favored. Density functional calculations on a much larger cluster, (Li2O2)16, also indicate that it similarly has a high spin state with four unpaired electrons located on the ...
A New Approach to the Teaching of Management Principles

Suggest techniques of teaching a beginning course which have produced good results. Information on the course called Principles of Management; Use of cases for illustrative purposes; Steps involved...
Abstract P169: Long-term Yogurt Intake is Associated with a Lower Risk of High Blood Pressure in Middle-aged Nurses and Health Professionals

While dairy products have been shown to reduce the risk for high blood pressure (HBP) in at-risk adults, few long-term studies have examined independent effects of yogurt consumption, a dietary component that may have particularly beneficial effects on blood pressure. We used repeated measures of diet and lifestyle collected over 2-3 decades among participants without prevalent HBP in the two Nurses’ Health Study cohorts (NHS and NHS II) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) to examine this question. After 18 to 30 years of follow-up, we documented 74,609 new cases of HBP in the three cohorts. After adjusting for age, race, family history of HBP, physical activity, energy, and intakes of total protein, fruits and vegetables, milk, and cheese, women who consumed 5 or more servings of yogurt per week (compared with those consuming 0-<1.0 serving per month) had statistically significant 23% (95% CI: 0.70-0.84) and 17% (95% CI: 0.77-0.90) reductions in risk of HBP in the NHS and NHS II respectively, while men in the HPFS cohort had essentially no reduced risk. To determine whether the effect of yogurt consumption might be explained or modified by other healthy dietary factors, the independent and combined effects of yogurt and a DASH diet score (excluding yogurt from the calculation of that score) were examined. Those in the highest tertile of the DASH score who did not consume yogurt had 15%, 29%, and 15% reductions in HBP risk, respectively, in the two NHS and the HPFS cohorts. The beneficial effects of yogurt intake were modified by a higher DASH score. In these analyses, the beneficial effects of 5 or more servings of yogurt per day on HBP risk were strongest among those in the highest tertile of DASH scores (NHS: HR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.59-0.75; NHS II: HR=0.68; 95%CI: 0.62-0.75; HPFS: HR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.64-0.88). Results were partially attenuated when controlling for BMI. These analyses from three large, longitudinal cohorts suggest that regular yogurt consumption, especially as a part of an otherwise healthy diet, is associated with a reduced risk of developing HBP during the middle adult years. These beneficial effects may be partially explained by intermediate effects on BMI.
A spatially distributed model for assessment of the effects of changing land use and climate on urban stream quality

While the effects of land use change in urban areas have been widely examined, the combined effects of climate and land use change on the quality of urban and urbanizing streams have received much less attention. We describe a modelling framework that is applicable to the evaluation of potential changes in urban water quality and associated hydrologic changes in response to ongoing climate and landscape alteration. The grid-based spatially distributed model, Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model-Water Quality (DHSVM-WQ), is an outgrowth of DHSVM that incorporates modules for assessing hydrology and water quality in urbanized watersheds at a high-spatial and high-temporal resolution. DHSVM-WQ simulates surface run-off quality and in-stream processes that control the transport of non-point source pollutants into urban streams. We configure DHSVM-WQ for three partially urbanized catchments in the Puget Sound region to evaluate the water quality responses to current conditions and projected changes in climate and/or land use over the next century. Here, we focus on total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) from non-point sources (run-off), as well as stream temperature. The projection of future land use is characterized by a combination of densification in existing urban or partially urban areas and expansion of the urban footprint. The climate change scenarios consist of individual and concurrent changes in temperature and precipitation. Future precipitation is projected to increase in winter and decrease in summer, while future temperature is projected to increase throughout the year. Our results show that urbanization has a much greater effect than climate change on both the magnitude and seasonal variability of streamflow, TSS and TP loads largely because of substantially increased streamflow and particularly winter flow peaks. Water temperature is more sensitive to climate warming scenarios than to urbanization and precipitation changes. Future urbanization and climate change together are predicted to significantly increase annual mean streamflow (up to 55%), water temperature (up to 1.9 °C), TSS load (up to 182%) and TP load (up to 74%). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Weather bomb” induced seismic signals

The atmosphere-ocean system interacts with the solid Earth to produce seismic signals called microseisms, which are observed globally. This interaction results from large-scale, slowly moving extratropical storms but also from smaller, intense weather systems such as tropical cyclones (called hurricanes in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific, and typhoons in the western Pacific). These are smaller storms, often travel much faster, and have steeper atmospheric pressure gradients that produce very strong winds. All storm systems generate various types of microseisms, which have been studied extensively. A special case of fast-developing, small, extratropical storms in which the central pressure intensifies rapidly, dropping by more than 1 mbar/hour for 24 hours, is called a “weather bomb” ( 1 ). On page 919 of this issue, Nishida and Takagi ( 2 ) report on the detection of previously unobserved S wave microseisms generated under a weather bomb between Greenland and Iceland.
Long-Term Results for Entropion Repair by Tarsal Margin Rotation With Posterior Lamella Superadvancement.

PURPOSE To report the long-term stability of tarsal margin rotation and posterior lamellar superadvancement (TMR PLS) for the repair of upper eyelid cicatricial entropion. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed from January 2000 through December 2014 to identify all patients who had TMR PLS at the authors' institution. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, recurrence of entropion or trichiasis, and surgical complications. Failure was defined as return of entropion. Patients with greater than 24 months of follow up were included. RESULTS A total of 30 TMR PLS procedures were performed during the review period. Nineteen cases from 14 patients were included in the final analysis. None of the 19 cases demonstrated recurrence of entropion over an average follow-up period of 78.3 months. Eight cases demonstrated trichiasis after TMR PLS, 5 of which required treatment. CONCLUSION This case series suggests that TMR PLS for the treatment of upper eyelid cicatricial entropion has excellent long-term stability.