cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic mechanical analysis and high strain-rate energy absorption characteristics of vertically aligned carbon nanotube reinforced woven fiber-glass composites

The dynamic mechanical behavior and energy absorption characteristics of nano-enhanced functionally graded composites, consisting of 3 layers of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) forests grown on woven fiber-glass (FG) layer and embedded within 10 layers of woven FG, with polyester (PE) and polyurethane (PU) resin systems (FG/PE/VACNT and FG/PU/VACNT) are investigated and compared with the baseline materials, FG/PE and FG/PU (i.e., without VACNT). A Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) was used for obtaining the mechanical properties. It was found that FG/PE/VACNT exhibited a significantly lower flexural stiffness at ambient temperature along with higher damping loss factor over the investigated temperature range compared to the baseline material FG/PE. For FG/PU/VACNT, a significant increase in flexural stiffness at ambient temperature along with a lower damping loss factor was observed with respect to the baseline material FG/PU. A Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) was used to evaluate the energy absorption and strength of specimens under high strain-rate compression loading. It was found that the specific energy absorption increased with VACNT layers embedded in both FG/PE and FG/PU. The compressive strength also increased with the addition of VACNT forest layers in FG/PU; however, it did not show an improvement for FG/PE.
Psychological stress in adolescent and adult mice increases neuroinflammation and attenuates the response to LPS challenge

Background There is ample evidence that psychological stress adversely affects many diseases. Recent evidence has shown that intense stressors can increase inflammation within the brain, a known mediator of many diseases. However, long-term outcomes of chronic psychological stressors that elicit a neuroinflammatory response remain unknown.
Cancer mortality study of employees at lead battery plants and lead smelters, 1947–1995

Background This study has examined cancer mortality of a cohort of male U.S. workers exposed to lead. Methods The cohort consisted of 4,518 workers at lead battery plants and 2,300 at lead smelters. Vital status was ascertained between 1947 and 1995. Site-specific cancer standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), based on the mortality rates of the U.S. male population and adjusted for age and calendar time, were calculated for the total cohort as well as subcohorts stratified by various exposure parameters. In addition, a nested case-control study of stomach cancer (30 cases and 120 age-matched controls) was also conducted. Results Mortality from all cancers was as expected (897 observed deaths, SMR = 103.8, 95% CI: 97.1-110.8). Mortality was significantly raised for stomach cancer (SMR = 147.4, 95% CI: 112.5-189.8), lung cancer (SMR =116.4, 95% CI: 103.9-129.9), and cancer of the thyroid and other endocrine glands (SMR = 308.0, 95% CI: 133.0-606.8). There was a nonsignificant mortality deficit from kidney cancer (SMR = 63.6, 95% CI: 33.9-108.7). For bladder cancer, mortality was significantly lower than expected (SMR = 55.5, 95% CI: 31.7-90.1). Nonsignificant mortality deficits were also reported for cancer ofthe central nervous system (SMR = 74.8, 95% CI: 41.9-123.4) and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer (SMR = 92.2, 95% Cl: 72.4-115.7). Additional analyses by type of facility (lead battery plants vs. lead smelters), length of employment, latency, and period of hire were also performed. In the nested case-control study of stomach cancer, odds ratios were calculated for various exposure indices, and none was found to be elevated. Furthermore, no exposure-response relationship between lead exposure and stomach cancer was found in the nested case-control study. Conclusions A significant mortality increase from stomach cancer was found. However, based on the analyses in the cohort study and the nested case-control study, the increase did not appear to be related to lead exposure. A small, but statistically significant mortality increase from lung cancer was also observed. The small increase, in the absence of an exposure-response relationship, could be the result of confounding due to smoking, and was not likely causally related to lead exposure. Although the significant increase in cancer of the thyroid and other endocrine glands appeared to be consistent with an occupational interpretation, the small number of deaths (8), the lack of information on potential confounding factors, and the lack of reporting of a similar increase in other studies underscore the need to view this finding with caution. No increased mortality was found for kidney cancer, bladder cancer, cancer of the central nervous system, or lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer.
Asymptotic Matching Analysis of Scaling of Structural Failure Due to Softening Hinges. I: Theory

Propagation of a crack from the tensile face of a beam causes postpeak softening, i.e., the bending moment decreases at increasing rotation of the hinge. Examples are unreinforced concrete beams and plates, foundations plinths, retaining walls, tunnel linings, or arch dams. Softening in an inelastic hinge is also caused by compression crushing of concrete. This happens in reinforced concrete beams that are prestressed, overreinforced, retrofitted by laminates, or subjected to a large enough axial compressive force, which is typical of columns as well as frames or arches with a large enough horizontal thrust. Hinge softening may also be caused by plastic buckling of flanges in deep thin-wall steel beams. An inevitable consequence of inelastic hinge softening in statically indeterminate structures requiring more than one inelastic hinge to fail is a size effect. Although finite element solutions are possible, general analytical formulas for the size effect in such structures do not exist, because of the complexity of response. The idea of this two-part paper is to exploit the technique of asymptotic matching in order to derive approximate formulas for the entire size range. Exact analytical solutions of the nominal strength of structure are derived for the large-size asymptotic case, for which the hinges soften one by one rather than simultaneously, and for the small-size asymptotic case, for which the classical plastic limit analysis applies. Matching these asymptotic solutions by a smooth formula then yields simple, yet general, size effect laws for the peaks and troughs of the load-deflection diagram through the entire size range. The size effect found is very different from the classical size effect in quasibrittle structures failing due to a single dominant crack. The theory is developed in the present Part I, and analysis of its implications is relegated to Part II.
Reliability Improvement with New Passivation of Solid Encapsulated Transistors

This late news paper is a report on the design and the evaluation of a new passivation technique for plastic encapsulated transistors. A family of small signal solid encapsulated transistors has been designed and fabricated and tests have shown that they are able to perform to military specifications. The structure of these devices includes a clean silicon dioxide passivation layer sealed with a barrier of silicon nitride, a gold coated refractory metalization system and a high temperature glass coating.
Advances in coaching practices: A humanistic approach to coach and client roles

Abstract Coaching is a far-reaching practice that can be used for human resource development. Coaching has many definitions however; one common aspect is the focus on improving performance. This article discusses the foundations of coaching, principles of coaching, and the progression of the coaching process. This article provides an overview of models and description of each stage for coaching. Specifically, this article summarizes the process and flow of coaching from the humanistic perspective that Flaherty [Flaherty J. Coaching: evoking excellence in others. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinmann; 2005] presents.
A cysteine-rich LIM-only protein mediates regulation of smooth muscle-specific gene expression by cGMP-dependent protein kinase

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo phenotypic modulation, changing from a differentiated, contractile to a de-differentiated, synthetic phenotype; the change is associated with decreased expression of smooth muscle (SM)-specific genes and loss of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), but transfection of PKG into de-differentiated VSMCs restores SM-specific gene expression. We show that small interference RNA-mediated down-regulation or pharmacologic inhibition of PKG reduced SM-specific gene expression in differentiated VSMCs and provide a mechanism for cGMP/PKG regulation of SM-specific genes involving the cysteine-rich LIM-only protein CRP4. PKG associated with CRP4 and phosphorylated the protein in intact cells. CRP4 had no intrinsic transcriptional activity, but exhibited adaptor function, because it acted synergistically with serum response factor (SRF) and GATA6 to activate the SM-alpha-actin promoter. cGMP stimulation of the promoter required PKG and CRP4 co-expression with SRF and GATA6. A phosphorylation-deficient mutant CRP4 and a CRP4 deletion mutant deficient in PKG binding did not support cGMP/PKG stimulation of the SM-alpha-actin promoter. In the presence of wild-type but not mutant CRP4, cGMP/PKG enhanced SRF binding to a probe encoding the distal SM-alpha-actin promoter CArG (CC(AT)(6)GG) element. CRP4 and SRF associated with CArG elements of endogenous SM-specific genes in intact chromatin. Small interference RNA-mediated down-regulation of CRP4 prevented the positive effects of cGMP/PKG on SM-specific gene expression. In the presence of CRP4, cGMP/PKG increased SRF- and GATA6-dependent expression of endogenous SM-specific genes in pluripotent 10T1/2 cells. Thus, CRP4 mediates cGMP/PKG stimulation of SM-specific gene expression, and PKG plays an important role in regulating the phenotype of VSMCs.
Evolution mediates the effects of apex predation on aquatic food webs

Ecological and evolutionary mechanisms are increasingly thought to shape local community dynamics. Here, I evaluate if the local adaptation of a meso-predator to an apex predator alters local food webs. The marbled salamander ( Ambystoma opacum ) is an apex predator that consumes both the spotted salamander ( Ambystoma maculatum ) and shared zooplankton prey. Common garden experiments reveal that spotted salamander populations which co-occur with marbled salamanders forage more intensely than those that face other predator species. These foraging differences, in turn, alter the diversity, abundance and composition of zooplankton communities in common garden experiments and natural ponds. Locally adapted spotted salamanders exacerbate prey biomass declines associated with apex predation, but dampen the top-down effects of apex predation on prey diversity. Countergradient selection on foraging explains why locally adapted spotted salamanders exacerbate prey biomass declines. The two salamander species prefer different prey species, which explains why adapted spotted salamanders buffer changes in prey composition owing to apex predation. Results suggest that local adaptation can strongly mediate effects from apex predation on local food webs. Community ecologists might often need to consider the evolutionary history of populations to understand local diversity patterns, food web dynamics, resource gradients and their responses to disturbance.
Effectiveness of arousal and arousal plus overcorrection to reduce nocturnal bruxism.

Abstract This study investigated the effectiveness of arousal and arousal + overcorrection to treat bruxism in a 28-year-old male with a 6-month history of bruxing and a 24-year-old female with a 3-month history of bruxing. An A-B-A-B-A-BC-A multiple baseline design across subjects with follow-ups was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. Results indicated that, although arousal reduced the frequency of bruxing in both subjects, it did not completely cessation of bruxing. The discussion focuses on the possible mechanisms of action and directions for further evaluation of the combined procedure.
Spontaneous replay of temporally compressed sequences by a hippocampal network model

Recent experimental evidence suggests that the hippocampus replays a temporally compressed version of recently-learned spatial sequence information during slow-wave sleep. This phase of sleep is characterized by intermittent episodes of high-frequency firing known as sharp waves. Here we partially characterize a simplified neural network model of hippocampal area CA3, based on integrate-and-fire cells, which is capable of recalling temporally compressed sequence information during brief periods of high activity.
Metastatic Melanoma Cells in the Sentinel Node Cannot Be Ignored

Background How to best risk-stratify patients with metastatic melanoma in the sentinel node (SN) is controversial. Not all node-positive disease is equivalent in terms of disease-free or overall survival, and some have suggested that submicrometastatic disease, characterized by Study Design This is a retrospective review of an IRB-approved, prospectively maintained melanoma database of >1,100 patients. All invasive melanoma patients who had an SN biopsy and at least 1 year of followup were included. Patients with metastatic melanoma in the SN were divided into groups according to diameter of SN tumor burden: node-negative, 1.0 mm. Statistical methods included the Jonckheere-Terpstra method, Fisher's exact tests, and Kaplan-Meier method. Results From July 1, 1998 to July 1, 2007, 578 patients with invasive melanoma underwent SN procedure. Median followup was 2.2 years. There was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients who experienced a recurrence between the node-negative group (11%) and the Conclusions These results suggest that patients with submicrometastatic SN disease should not be treated as node-negative, as it appears to represent a more biologically aggressive melanoma, associated with a substantially faster time to recurrence. We cannot agree with recent proposals that patients with very small tumor burden in the SN can be treated as node-negative and be spared completion node dissection.
Gross patterns of umbilical cord coiling: correlations with placental histology and stillbirth.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to define gross patterns of umbilical cord hypercoiling and determine correlations with histological features in the placenta and/or perinatal outcomes such as stillbirth. Methods Gross images of placentas with hypercoiled umbilical cords (>3 coils/10 cm) were assigned a major umbilical coiling pattern and the direction (right or left) of the coiling. Definitions of 4 gross coiling patterns were established: undulating, rope, segmented, and linked, each with progressively deeper indentations in cord diameter. Outcome variables obtained from placental pathology reports and maternal medical records included histological abnormalities indicative of significant chronic fetal vascular obstruction, such as fetal vascular thrombi, avascular villi, villous stromal-vascular karyorrhexis, and fetal thrombotic vasculopathy, and stillbirth. Results 318 placentas/umbilical cords met inclusion criteria. The rope pattern was the most common (52%), followed by the undulating (26%), segmented (19%) and linked (3%) patterns. The segmented and linked gross coiling patterns were significantly correlated with histologic evidence of chronic fetal vascular obstruction and stillbirth, when compared with the ropeand undulating patterns. Cords with right twists were also significantly correlated with histologic evidence of chronic fetal vascular obstruction and stillbirth when compared with cords with left twists. The number of cord coils per 10 cm did not correlate with any of the outcome variables. Conclusions Among hypercoiled umbilical cords, specific gross patterns of coiling can be recognized, and patterns with the most significant indentation or pinching of the cord diameter are associated with histological evidence of chronic fetal vascular obstruction and stillbirth.
Application of King's Theory of Goal Attainment and the Carondelet St. Mary's Case Management Model:

The promulgation of managed care has become the catalyst for nursing leaders to creatively develop new approaches for the effective and efficient utilization of resources. The transition into a capitated environment has heightened the need for theory-based practice to new levels. The application of King's theory of goal attainment and the Carondelet St. Mary's case management model offers hope for a practical approach to the actualization of discipline development.
Combinatorial optimization with use of guided evolutionary simulated annealing

Feasible approaches to the task of solving NP-complete problems usually entails the incorporation of heuristic procedures so as to increase the efficiency of the methods used. We propose a new technique, which incorporates the idea of simulated annealing into the practice of simulated evolution, in place of arbitrary heuristics. The proposed technique is called guided evolutionary simulated annealing (GESA). We report on the use of GESA approach primarily for combinatorial optimization. In addition, we report the case of function optimization, treating the task as a search problem. The traveling salesman problem is taken as a benchmark problem in the first case. Simulation results are reported. The results show that the GESA approach can discover a very good near optimum solution after examining an extremely small fraction of possible solutions. A very complicated function with many local minima is used in the second case. The results in both cases indicate that the GESA technique is a practicable method which yields consistent and good near optimal solutions, superior to simulated evolution. >
Sexually and Physically Abused Children

Child physical abuse (CPA) and child sexual abuse (CSA), although not psychiatric disorders, are prevalent and stressful life events that often result in the need for mental health interviewing services. The US Department of Health and Human Services (2008) recorded 142,041 cases of CPA and 78,120 cases of CSA reported to Child Protective Services (CPS) in the United States in 2006. These data are probably an underestimation, as many incidents of child abuse are not reported. Multiple factors, including the child’s developmental level, race, ethnicity, abuse severity, and relationship with the perpetrator influence whether the abuse is disclosed (Hanson et al., 2003; Paine & Hansen, 2002). However, disclosure does not necessarily mean that the abuse is reported. For example, a national survey of adolescents found that 65% of physical abuse cases and 86% of sexual abuse cases experienced by the adolescents surveyed were never reported to authorities (Kilpatrick, Saunders, & Smith, 2003).
Building Legitimate States After Civil Wars: Order, Authority, and International Trusteeship

The current model of state-building implicitly rests on a formal-legal conception of legitimacy in which law or institutions confer authority on officials, who then employ that authority to create a social order. But a formal-legal approach, however well suited to established states governed by a rule of law, is inappropriate in the anarchy of a failed state. Key to successful state-building, I argue, is restoring the legitimacy of the state's monopoly of violence. I develop an alternative, relational conception of legitimacy drawn from social contract theories of the state in which authority derives from a mutually-beneficial contract in which the ruler provides a social order of benefit to the ruled, and the ruled in turn comply with the extractions (e.g., taxes) and constraints on their behavior (e.g., law) that are necessary to the production of that order. The contract becomes self-enforcing - or legitimate - when individuals and groups become "vested" in that social order by undertaking investments specific to the particular contract. This implies that providing security, protecting property rights, and adjudicating disputes within society should be the first step in any state-building process. International trustees can facilitate indigenous state-building efforts by helping establish a social order and creating expectations that the order will endure into the future. By creating expectations of stability, the trustee can encourage specific investments and the vesting of interests in the social order. This paper proceeds in five principal sections. The first examines the concepts of state failure and state-building, arguing for a new focus on rebuilding state legitimacy. Section II probes and criticizes the intellectual foundations of the current model and practice of state-building. I then develop an alternative analytic foundation and model that rests of a relational conception of authority in Section III. I develop the role of international trustees in the state-building process and examine further the tensions identified above in Section IV. The final section examines the case of Somalia.
Calibration of dynamic tool–workpiece interface temperature measurement during friction stir welding

Abstract The objective of this work is to accurately measure the transient temperatures at the tool–workpiece interface during friction stir welding (FSW) using thermocouples that are embedded in the tool. Temperature sensors embedded in the friction stir (FS) tool provide a non-consumable localized temperature measurement capability that is crucial for process research, development, and control. A modification of the ASTM E-1461 standard for measuring thermal diffusivity with pulses of heat flux is proposed for calibrating the transient response of temperature sensors located near the surface of the FS tool. These tests enable the calculation of each sensor’s time constant, which are used in one-dimensional analytical models of the dynamic response to calculate the true interface temperature. Time constants between 21 and 43 ms are measured for 0.25-mm-diameter, sheathed thermocouples located at the FS tool surface.
Studies with Corn-Soya Laying Diets 8. Requirements for Limiting Amino Acids—The Basal Diet and the Requirements for Isoleucine, Lysine and Tryptophan

Abstract LIMITED experimental data are available to document proposed amino acid requirement standards for laying pullets (National Research Council, 1966). The expression of requirements in terms of percent of the diet is becoming increasingly complex as new relationships among amino acids and between amino acids and other nutrients are recognized. For example, a favorable balance of amino acids tends to reduce the dietary protein requirement as demonstrated by Johnson and Fisher (1959). Since it is unlikely that the requirements for all amino acids vary in the same manner relative to the level of protein in the diet, the most useful requirement data for future reference will be those determined with amino acid-adequate diets that contain low levels of protein. In previous reports it was shown that corn-soya diets must contain 12% or less of protein to depress the performance of pullets during either long-term or short-term assays (Bray and Morrissey, 1962;…
Dynamics of D 3 + slow dissociation induced by intense ultrashort laser pulses

The dissociation of D${}_{3}$${}^{+}$ in intense ultrashort laser pulses is investigated using an improved coincidence three-dimensional momentum imaging method that allows clear separation of all fragmentation channels and the determination of the kinetic energy release down to zero. Our results, using 10-fs, 790-nm pulses, suggest that a large peak at low kinetic energy release is associated with the D${}^{+}$ + D${}_{2}$ dissociation channel of D${}_{3}$${}^{+}$. The most likely dissociation pathways leading to two-body breakup of D${}_{3}$${}^{+}$ are identified with additional measurements using 25-fs, 790-nm and 40-fs, 395-nm pulses. We also show that the slow D${}^{+}$ + D${}_{2}$ dissociation dynamics can be manipulated by the pulse duration.
The potential of zein nanoparticles to protect entrapped β-carotene in the presence of milk under simulated gastrointestinal (GI) conditions

Abstract The addition of nanoentrapped β-carotene in milk is proposed as a valid method to improve stability and enhance antioxidant activity of β-carotene during GI transit. This study focused on two types of delivery systems, nanoparticles and nanoemulsions, and compared their ability to enhance the physicochemical stability and antioxidant activity of β-carotene in the presence of milk under simulated GI conditions. β-Carotene-loaded zein nanoparticles and nanoemulsion, stabilized by pluronic F127 and lecithin, were synthesized and added to liquid milk. Degradation of β-carotene was spectrophotometrically analyzed, and antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS and TBARS assays in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) with pepsin for 2 h and in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) with pancreatin for 24 h. The initial amount of β-carotene remained at 18.30 ± 1.29% and 4.41 ± 2.51% after a 26 h total time of GI exposure in nanoentrapped and emulsified forms, respectively. In both systems, nanoentrapment proved to be beneficial to beta-carotene stability, but this benefit was decreased in the presence of milk. The improvement in antioxidant activity of nanodelivered β-carotene was confirmed by ABTS and TBARS assays. In conclusion, zein nanoparticles improved chemical stability and antioxidant activity of entrapped beta-carotene versus emulsions in the presence of milk under simulated gastrointestinal environments.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Arbo Infectious Disease in Guangyuan,1996-2010

Objective By analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of arbo infectious disease in Guangyuan and to provide scientific evidence for the disease control and prevention.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed for compulsory reported arbo infectious diseases in Guangyuan city 1996 to 2010.Results Totally 1 302 cases in 8 kinds of arbo infectious diseases were reported in Guangyuan city during 1996-2010,with 48 death.The annual incidence rate was 2.86/105.During 1996-2000,epidemic encephalitis B,leptospirosis epidemic hemorrhagic fever and malaria,leptospirosis were reported in Guangyuan city;during 2001-2005,the reported arbo infectious disease s added up Rabies,schistosomiasis and leishmaniasis to 7 kinds;during 2006-2010,Bruce llosis disease was reported.The average annual incidence in the period 2006-2010 dropped by 73.70% compared to the incidence rate in 1996-2000.During 1996-2000,cased were mainly encephalitis B and leptospirosis,accouted for 81.97% of the arbo infectious diseases.During 2001-2005,disease category was same to the years of 1996-2000,accounted for 77.37% of arbo infectious disease.During 2006-2010,cases were mainly encephalitis B,accounted for 64.04%.Incidence of encephalitis B concentrated in July-Septemper,and peaked in August,in which the incidence accounted for 59.12% of the total.Japanese B encephalitis cases were mainly under the age of 10 years,accounted for 95.13%.Leptospirosis occoured in May-November,and peaked in October,in which the incidence accounted for 74.41% of all leptospirosis cases;cases were mainly in age group of 20-59 years,accounted for 87.60% of all leptospirosis cases.Incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever was mainly in June-July,November-nextJanuary,and cases concentrated in the age of 40-59 years,accounted for 64.16% of all.Occupations of cases were mainly farmer,idle children,kindergarten children and students,accounted for 93.70% of the reported cases.Conclusion The epidemic of arbo infectious disease in Guangyuan city showed a decreasing trend,but the reported categories have increased.The arbo infectious disease has obvious seasonal fluctuation and population focus.Prevention and control strategies in focus groups,key areas,priority diseases and key links should be implemented.
Identifying Gene Regulatory Networks in Arabidopsis by In Silico Prediction, Yeast-1-Hybrid, and Inducible Gene Profiling Assays

A system-wide understanding of gene regulation will provide deep insights into plant development and physiology. In this chapter we describe a threefold approach to identify the gene regulatory networks in Arabidopsis thaliana that function in a specific tissue or biological process. Since no single method is sufficient to establish comprehensive and high-confidence gene regulatory networks, we focus on the integration of three approaches. First, we describe an in silico prediction method of transcription factor-DNA binding, then an in vivo assay of transcription factor-DNA binding by yeast-1-hybrid and lastly the identification of co-expression clusters by transcription factor induction in planta. Each of these methods provides a unique tool to advance our understanding of gene regulation, and together provide a robust model for the generation of gene regulatory networks.
Complex Rotators: Asteroid 4179 Toutatis

In this chapter the assumption of uniform rotation is removed. Many asteroids are non-uniform rotators, potentially due to several different causes. These include spin-down due to the YORP effect, which can make an asteroid more susceptible to perturbing torques, and tumbling due to a close planetary flyby, an asteroid fission event, or an impact. Comets are also believed to often be in such a spin state due to outgassing jets on the surface that are activated around every perihelion passage. Strong evidence exists for several comets being in non-uniform rotation states including Halley and Encke [149, 12]. Once in a tumbling mode, we assume that the body will approximately follow the torque-free rigid-body dynamics described earlier. While this is not exactly true, due to solar radiation pressure torques, gravitational perturbations, and internal dissipation effects, over timespans of interest for the motion of a particle or spacecraft in the asteroid frame this is a good assumption.
The future-oriented repetitive thought (FoRT) scale: A measure of repetitive thinking about the future.

Abstract Background and objectives Repetitive thinking about the future has been suggested as one way in which individuals may become hopeless about the future. We report on a new scale assessing future-oriented repetitive thinking, termed the Future-Oriented Repetitive Thought (FoRT) Scale. Methods In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted with data from 1071 individuals who completed the scale. Study 2 describes a confirmatory factor analysis with a revised version of the scale on a sample of 612 individuals, a subsample of whom (N=99) also completed measures of repetitive thought (rumination, worry), hopelessness-related cognitions, and symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder in order to examine evidence for the measure's convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Study 3 examined the scale's concurrent validity in distinguishing between individuals with and without a history of suicidal ideation and attempts. Results A three-factor solution emerged in Study 1, and this solution was confirmed in Study 2. In addition, the FoRT scale demonstrated moderate associations with other measures of repetitive thought (rumination, worry), with hopelessness-related cognitions, and with symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety. Finally, the FoRT scale distinguished between individuals with and without a history of suicidal ideation and attempts. Limitations Cross-sectional data limit conclusions that can be drawn about directionality. Conclusions These findings suggest that the newly developed FoRT scale is a reliable and valid measure of future-oriented repetitive thought.
Spatial associations in global household bicycle ownership

The interest in bicycling and its determining factors is growing within the public health, transportation and geography communities. Ownership is one factor affecting bicycle usage, but work is still ongoing to not only quantify its effects but also to understand patterns in its growth and influence. In recent work, we mined and discovered patterns in global bicycle ownership that showed the existence of four characteristic country groups and their trends. Building on these results, we show in this paper that the ownership dataset can be modeled as a network. First, we observe mixing tendencies that indicate neighboring countries are more likely to be in the same ownership group and we map the likelihoods for cross-group mixings. Further, we define the strength of connections between countries by their proximity in ownership levels. We then determine the weighted degree assortative coefficient for the network and for each group relative to the network. We find that while the weighted degree assortativity of the ownership network is statistically insignificant, the highest and lowest ownership groups exhibit disassortative behavior with respect to the entire network. The second and third ranked groups, however, are strongly assortative. Our model serves as a step toward further work in studying the relationship between proximity and bicycle ownership among nations and unearthing possible patterns of influence. Considering further developments, this work can inform policy-relevant recommendations toward regional planning. This effort also contributes to expanding research in assortativity analyses, especially in weighted networks.
Role of a Conserved Helicase Motif in the Transformation of Primary Human CD34+ Cells by the NUP98-DDX10 Oncogene.

Abstract 2966 Poster Board II-942 NUP98 gene rearrangements occur in acute myeloid leukemia and other hematopoietic malignancies, and result in the expression of fusion proteins. One of the most frequent NUP98 fusions is NUP98-DDX10 that consists of an N-terminal portion of NUP98 and a C-terminal segment of DDX10, a putative DEAD-box RNA helicase. Here we express NUP98-DDX10 in primary human CD34+ hematopoietic cells and show that it localizes within the nucleus in a punctate distribution. It dramatically increases the proliferation and self-renewal of primary human CD34+ cells and disrupts their erythroid and myeloid differentiation. Expression gene profiling shows dysregulation of many genes by NUP98-DDX10 in primary human CD34+ cells starting within 6 h. Comparison of the dysregulome of NUP98-DDX10 to that of another leukemogenic NUP98 fusion, NUP98-HOXA9, reveals a number of genes dysregulated by both oncoproteins, including HOX genes, COX-2, MYCN, angiopoietin-1, renin, HEY1, SOX4, and others, that may account for the induction of AML by these and other NUP98 fusion oncogenes. The HRAGRTAR sequence in the DDX10 portion of NUP98-DDX10 corresponds to a major motif shared by DEAD-box RNA helicases that is required for their ATP binding/hydrolysis, RNA-binding, and helicase functions. Mutating this motif diminished the transforming ability of NUP98-DDX10, indicating that it plays a role in leukemogenesis. These data demonstrate for the first time the transforming ability of NUP98-DDX10 and show that it is partially dependent on one of the consensus helicase motifs of DDX10. They also point to common pathways that may underlie leukemogenesis by different NUP98 fusions. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Observer variability identifying attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 10-year-old children born extremely preterm.

AIM A DSM-5 diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) requires that symptoms be present in two settings. We wanted to see how teachers and parents compare on their assessments. METHODS We evaluated how well Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) reports from 871 parents and 634 teachers of 10-year-old children born before the 28th week of gestation provided information about indicators of school dysfunction. RESULTS Kappa values for parent and teacher agreement of any ADHD were at best fair to poor (<0.41). Nevertheless, ADHD identified by each alone provided a moderate amount of information about such indicators of school dysfunction as grade repetition. Only occasionally did agreement provide more information than provided by only one reporter. Mother's social class and intelligence level did not discriminate between parents who did and did not agree with the teacher. CONCLUSION ADHD identified by a single observer can provide appreciable information about a range of the child's functions needed for success in school and, therefore, should not be discounted when another observer does not consider the child to have ADHD symptoms.
Effect of Cr 2 O 3 addition on the oxidation induration mechanism of Hongge vanadium titanomagnetite pellets

As part of a research project to develop a novel clean smelting process for the comprehensive utilization of Hongge vanadium titanomagnetite (HVTM), in this study, the effect of Cr2O3 addition on the oxidation induration mechanism of HVTM pellets (HVTMPs) was investigated in detail. The results showed that the compressive strength of the HVTMPs was greatly weakened by the Cr2O3 addition, mainly because of a substantial increase in the porosity of the HVTMPs. The Cr2O3 addition marginally affected the phase composition but greatly affected the microstructural changes of the HVTMPs. Increased amounts of Cr2O3 resulted in a decrease in the uniform distribution of the hematite grains and in an increase in the Fe–Cr solid solutions (Fe1.2Cr0.8O3 and Fe0.7Cr1.3O3) embedded in the hematite grains. Moreover, the compact hematite was destroyed by forming a dispersed structure and the hematite recrystallization was hindered during the oxidation induration, which adversely affected the compressive strength. On the basis of these results, a schematic was formulated to describe the oxidation induration mechanism with different amounts of added Cr2O3. This study provides theoretical and technical foundations for the effective production of HVTMPs and a reference for chromium-bearing minerals.
Institutional Analysis, Game Models, and Polycentric Governance: Contextualizing IAD via Networks of Adjacent Action Situations

Within the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, the concept of an action situation generalizes the concept of a game to allow for endogenous changes in its rules. This paper re-visits this core concept to explore its potential for serving as the foundation for a systematic approach to the construction of more elaborate models of complex policy networks in which overlapping sets of actors have the ability to influence the rules under which strategic interactions take place. Networks of adjacent action situations can be built on the basis of the seven distinct types of rules that define an action situation or by separating the generic governance tasks identified by related research on local public economies. The potential of this extension of the IAD framework is demonstrated with generic network representations of three diverse policy areas (Maine lobster fisheries, international development assistance, and the contribution of faith-based organizations to U.S. welfare policy). A final implication is that application of the standard concept of Nash equilibrium may not be appropriate for analysis of policy games within a system of polycentric governance.
Two-Dimensional Nitrosylated Protein Separation in Poly (methyl methacrylate) Microchips

Protein S-nitrosylation, a reverse post translational modification (PTM) of cysteine, has been considered as biomarkers in many diseases. Microfluidic has been widely used for development of novel tools for separation of protein mixture. In this report, we have demonstrated a twodimensional micro-electrophoresis (2D μ-CE) separation of nitrosylated proteins in human colon epithelial adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). Sodium dodecyl sulphate micro-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS μ-CGE) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) were used for the first and second dimension of separation electrophoresis, respectively. The effective separation lengths for both dimensions were 10 mm, and electrokinetic injection and separation were used with field strengths at 400 V/cm. To our knowledge, this is the first report on 2D profiling of nitrosylated proteins in the biological samples.
Cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) and the inflammogenesis of cancer

Cohesive scientific evidence from molecular, animal, and human investigations supports the hypothesis that aberrant induction of COX-2 and up-regulation of the prostaglandin cascade play a significant role in carcinogenesis, and reciprocally, blockade of the process has strong potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Supporting evidence includes the following: [1] expression of constitutive COX-2-catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis is induced by most cancer-causing agents including tobacco smoke and its components (polycylic aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines), essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (unconjugated linoleic acid), mitogens, growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines, microbial agents, tumor promoters, and other epigenetic factors, [2] COX-2 expression is a characteristic feature of all premalignant neoplasms, [3] COX-2 expression is a characteristic feature of all malignant neoplasms, and expression intensifies with stage at detection and cancer progression and metastasis, [4] all essential features of carcinogenesis (mutagenesis, mitogenesis, angiogenesis, reduced apoptosis, metastasis, and immunosuppression) are linked to COX-2-driven prostaglandin (PGE-2) biosynthesis, [5] animal studies show that COX-2 up-regulation (in the absence of genetic mutations) is sufficient to stimulate the transformation of normal cells to invasive cancer and metastatic disease, [6] non-selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, reduce the risk of human cancer and precancerous lesions, and [7] selective COX-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, reduce the risk of human cancer and precancerous lesions at all anatomic sites thus far investigated. Results confirming that COX-2 blockade is effective for both cancer prevention and therapy have been tempered by observations that some COX2 inhibitors pose a risk to the cardiovascular system, and more studies are needed in order to determine if certain of these drugs can be taken at dosages that prevent cancer without increasing cardiovascular risk. It is emphasized that the "inflammogenesis model of cancer" is not mutually exclusive and may in fact be synergistic with the accumulation of somatic mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes or epigenetic factors in the development of cancer.
Effect of Cancer Related Fatigue tTo the Level of Independence of Cancer Patients and Caregiver Stress Level

Chemotherapy/radiation in cancer patients causes cancer-related fatigue (CRF). It affects the level of independence of patients’ activity of daily living (ADL). Thus, the responsibility of caregivers will be higher and it impacts on caregiver stress level. The aim of this study was to prove the effects of CRF on independence level of cancer patients and caregivers’ stress level. This study used analytical associative design. The population was cancer patients and caregivers in Yayasan Kanker Indonesia in East Java. The number of samples were 30 cancer patients and 30 caregivers, taken by total sampling method. The assessment was based on instrument brief fatigue questionnaire, activity of daily living based on Katz, and caregiver stress on self assessment questionnaire. The effects of CRF on the level of independence were indicated by p=0.000, and the levels of independence of the caregiver stress level were indicated by p=0.000. As a conclusion, the failure of muscle function due to CRF can affect the independence of patient’s ADL fulfilling, so caregiver should take much time to treat patient and it affects on the increased stress level of caregiver.
Screening and Diagnosis

Screening and diagnostic tests can detect diseases at early stages to promote potentially beneficial treatments. The interpretation of screening and diagnostic test results depends on the disease process of interest, the qualities of the test, and the context of testing. Screening tests seek to identify diseases before they have caused recognizable signs or symptoms. Diagnostic tests seek to verify the presence of diseases for which signs and symptoms are already apparent. The predictive values of any test are determined by the test validity (sensitivity and specificity) and the pretest probability of the disease. Observational studies that compare outcomes of people who undergo screening versus those who do not undergo such procedures require careful interpretation to ensure that bias has not occurred.
A 20 TOp/s/W Binary Neural Network Accelerator

This paper presents the hardware architecture and VLSI implementation of a binarized neural network (BNN). As a modification of convolutional neural network (CNN), BNN constrains all activations and weights to be +1 or −1, making it very appealing to low-power ASIC design. In this paper, BNN is proven to be highly power efficient and accurate for computer vision tasks. We use pedestrian and car detections as examples to showcase the capability of the BNN chip design. The total memory use of all weights in the BNN is only 22K bytes, which is significantly less than a typical convolutional neural network. Evaluated using INRIA and CIFAR-10 datasets, our BNN chip can achieve an average accuracy of 96.5%, which is much higher than traditional computer vision approaches such as histogram of oriented gradients with support vector machine. Our design achieves a power efficiency of 20 TOp/s/w, far exceeding most of the mainstream CNN chips. Therefore, the proposed low power hardware architecture of BNN enables deep learning on mobile embedded platforms.
A Human Factors Engineering Perspective to Aging and Work

This chapter examines aging and work from the perspectives of two interrelated scientific disciplines—human factors and ergonomics—which concern understanding the interactions among humans and various other elements of a system. These fields apply theories, principles, tools, and methods toward design solutions with the objective of optimizing human well-being and overall system performance while ensuring compatibility in the design of interactive systems involving people, devices, and environments. In this chapter, four broad topics related to the employability of older workers are examined: macroergonomics and sociotechnical system design; physical work demands; changes in work configuration and job selection; and technology, the future of work, and cognitive work demands.