cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS, OCCURRENCE, AND TOXIC POTENTIAL OF PYRETHROIDS, AND FIPRONIL IN SEDIMENTS FROM AN URBAN ESTUARY

Eight pyrethroids and fipronil and its three major degradates were analyzed in urban estuarine sediments that exhibited a range of toxic effects to an amphipod test species. Sediments from Ballona Creek, an urban estuary in Southern California (USA), collected during three dry season events were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection (GC-ECD and GC-NCI-MS). The two detection methods were in agreement for intermediate levels of pyrethroid contamination (10-50 ng/g dry wt) but deviated for both low and high concentrations ( 50 ng/g). Sediments contained total pyrethroids as high as 473 ng/g with permethrin, bifenthrin, and cypermethrin as the most abundant compounds. In contrast, fipronil and its desulfinyl, sulfide, and sulfone degradates were detected at much lower levels (� 0.18-16 ng/g). Toxic units estimated for these compounds revealed that bifenthrin and cypermethrin were likely contributors to the mortality observed in tests with the estuarine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. Although fipronil was not a likely contributor to the observed mortality, the concentrations detected may be of concern for more sensitive crustacean species. Furthermore, the spatial pattern of pyrethroid contamination and potential toxicity was highly correlated with fine-grained substrate, which shifted to downstream stations within a three-month period during the dry season. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:843-851. # 2010 SETAC
Barriers to physical activity among African American breast cancer survivors

African American (AA) breast cancer survivors (BCSs) have high rates of overweight/obesity, comorbid conditions, and deficits in functional status that may contribute to poor cancer-specific and overall survival rates [1,2]. Participating in regular physical activity (PA) has tangible benefits, including weight maintenance, improvements in quality of life, functional status, and reductions in fatigue and nausea [3]. PA is also associated with a reduction in cancer recurrence and improvements in overall survival [4]. Despite the benefits associated with PA, many AA BCSs do not meet the guidelines for PA (i.e., 150 min of moderate to vigorous PA/week) [2]. African American BCSs’ failure to meet PA guidelines may be due to barriers that prevent them from being active. However, limited data exist on the barriers to PA in this population. Common barriers observed in these studies included pain, fatigue, lack of social support, lack of discipline, and safety concerns [5–7]. Although these studies provided important data, the sample sizes were very small. Additional studies are needed, which examine the barriers to PA in a large sample of AA BCSs; such studies will enable subgroup comparisons and provide meaningful data on what subgroups are in the greatest need of intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the PA barriers of AA BCSs and determine whether the barriers to PA differed in various subpopulations. The present study builds off a previous study that assessed the lifestyle behavior of 470 AA BCSs affiliated with the Sisters Network.
EFFECT OF SIZE OF INTRACELLULAR ICE ON CONSUMPTION OF OXYGEN AND NUCLEAR ALTERATION OF MOUSE KIDNEY CELLS.

Large intracellular ice formations are assumed to be more damaging than small ones. Nuclear alteration, such as pycnosis, generally is considered a reflection of reduced vital cellular functions. Evidence is presented which shows, on the basis of rate of oxygen consumption, that survival of kidney cells is greater after the formation of large rather than small intracellular ice artifacts, and that nucelar alteration such as pycnosis does not indicate the degree of damage to a vital function, their respiratory activity. Findings agree with those based upon autotransplantation of skin (Anat. Rec., 144: 171–191, '62). It is suggested that mitochondria are one of the cellular sites of freeze-thaw injury and that the mechanism of freezing injury may differ in nucleus and ctyoplasm. Microscopic appearance of ice artifacts formed in cells of mouse kidney slices after slow (1.5° and 3.0°C/min) and rapid (19° and 38°C/sec) freezing to −75° and −196°C was preserved by the author's freeze-drying method. Control (unfrozen) and frozen-thawed slices were fixed in Bouin's fluid and processed routinely for study of microstructure. Oxygen consumption of parallel groups of control and frozen-thawed slices was measured by the conventional Warburg manometric technique. The data revealed that: (1) the size of intracellular ice artifacts was 5 to 17 times larger in slices frozen at slow than at rapid rate; (2) Q02 of cells in slowly frozen tissue slices (average of 21% of control Q02) was significantly greater than rapidly frozen cells (average of 9% of control Q02); (3) Nuclear pycnosis, crenation and vacuolation were more extensive in cells which were frozen slowly.
Addressees' needs influence speakers' early syntactic choices

A current debate in psycholinguistics concerns how speakers take addressees' knowledge or needs into account during the packaging of utterances. In retelling stories, speakers are more likely to mention atypical instruments than easily inferrable, typical instruments; in a seminal study, Brown and Dell (1987) suggested that this is not an adjustment to addressees but is simply easiest for speakers. They concluded that manipulating addressees' knowledge did not affect speakers' mention of instruments. However, their addressees were confederates who heard the same stories repeatedly. We had speakers retell stories to naive addressees who either saw or did not see a picture illustrating the main action and instrument. When addressees lacked pictures, speakers were more likely to mention atypical instruments, to mention them early (within the same clause as the action verb), and to mark atypical instruments as indefinite. This suggests that with visual copresence, speakers can take addressees' knowledge into account in early syntactic choices.
Response of seafloor ecosystems to abrupt global climate change

Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to decrease oceanic oxygen (O2) concentrations, with potentially significant effects on marine ecosystems. Geologically recent episodes of abrupt climatic warming provide opportunities to assess the effects of changing oxygenation on marine communities. Thus far, this knowledge has been largely restricted to investigations using Foraminifera, with little being known about ecosystem-scale responses to abrupt, climate-forced deoxygenation. We here present high-resolution records based on the first comprehensive quantitative analysis, to our knowledge, of changes in marine metazoans (Mollusca, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, and Annelida; >5,400 fossils and trace fossils) in response to the global warming associated with the last glacial to interglacial episode. The molluscan archive is dominated by extremophile taxa, including those containing endosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Lucinoma aequizonatum) and those that graze on filamentous sulfur-oxidizing benthic bacterial mats (Alia permodesta). This record, from 16,100 to 3,400 y ago, demonstrates that seafloor invertebrate communities are subject to major turnover in response to relatively minor inferred changes in oxygenation (>1.5 to 1,000 y, and illustrate the crucial role of climate and oceanographic change in driving long-term successional changes in ocean ecosystems.
Women in the Greek Resistance: National Crisis and Political Transformation

In a 1982 review article, Theda Skocpol asks the question, “What makes peasants revolutionary?” She analyzes the conclusions of authors who endeavor to explain what leads peasants—a stereotypically powerless group—to engage in collective action that challenges the economic or political status quo. The above example suggests a useful paraphrase of the question: was Stathoula's case exceptional, and if not, what made a Greek working-class woman during the 1940s revolutionary?
Nasalization as a Repair for Voiced Obstruent Codas in Noon

The Senegalese language Noon exhibits a pattern by which the voiced stop phonemes /b, d, ɟ, g/ surface as nasals [m, n ɲ, ŋ] in coda position, undergoing complete neutralization with /m, n, ɲ, ŋ/. This allophonic alternation can be seen as a repair to the cross-linguistic constraint against voiced obstruents in coda position. However, the only otherwise attested repair to this marked structure is devoicing. Why should devoicing be so overwhelmingly preferred to other logical alternatives such as nasalization or gliding? Steriade (2008) answers this question with reference to her P-Map hypothesis, arguing that a [b~p] alternation is preferred because the perceptual distance between these sounds is less in this environment than between [b] and [m]; in essence, the synchronic system prefers a repair that changes a sound as little as possible, as determined by perceptual distinctness. The Noon facts are a clear counter-example to this prediction, and challenge any answer to the above question which requires synchronic systems to prefer the most “phonetically natural” repair.
Swimming lessons—Check the water before jumping in

At the close of the World Congress on Hysteroscopy and Related Technologies in the Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, sponsored by the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL), in Miami, Florida, February 27 to March 1, 1998, it is wise to pause and reflect on the present state of endometrial ablation. One might even chance a look into the future. More than 40 invited international faculty members, all experts in operative hysteroscopy and endometrial ablation techniques, made formal presentations at the World Congress. Another 50 scientific papers and video tapes made up the free communications portion of the program. The AAGL, both in its educational programs and in its journal, has taken the lead in responsibly disseminating information regarding new technologies that offer women alternatives to hysterectomy in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding. In the past 2 years the journal published more than 40 articles or abstracts on operative hysteroscopy and endometrial ablation. This month, a paper by Martyn and Allan reports on longterm outcomes in 301 patients undergoing endometrial ablation for treatment of menorrhagia. Despite the association's concerted and serious effort to spread the word, sizable numbers of physicians remain inextricably wed to the outdated notions that dilatation and curettage is a reliable diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, and that removing the uterus is the only legitimate procedure for women seeking surgical management of this disorder. It is understandable, however, that many physicians were hesitant to dive headlong into uncertain waters surrounding early attempts at endometrial ablation. With initial published reports, first with the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser and operating hysteroscope in 1981, l and later with electrical energy and a modified urologic resectoscope in 1983, 2 concerns were expressed regarding serious complications 3 and uncertain treatment success. Physicians performing endometrial ablation quickly became aware
Short-term potentiation of breathing in humans

The purpose of this study was to determine if the increase in ventilation induced by hypoxic stimulation of the carotid bodies (CB) persists after cessation of the stimulus in humans. I reasoned th...
Lifetimes and branching ratios of excited states in La-, Os-, Lu-, Lr-, and Pr-

Relativistic configuration-interaction calculations have been performed for all possible E1, M1, and E2 transitions between bound anion states of La{sup -} and Os{sup -}. We pay particular attention to E1 transitions in each case that may be of use in laser cooling of these anions. Although the La{sup -} transition energy is approximately one-third of the Os{sup -} transition, our results indicate that the Einstein A coefficient is nearly two orders of magnitude larger, which would lead to more efficient laser cooling. We have also explored long-lived opposite-parity excited states in Lu{sup -} and Lr{sup -} which are restricted to M2 decay by selection rules. Finally, in Pr{sup -}, we find sufficient mixing between a weakly bound excited 4f{sup 2}5d{sup 2}6s{sup 2} state with a nearby 4f{sup 3}6s{sup 2}6p resonance to result in a lifetime similar to that of the other excited anion states, despite the fact that the dominant configurations of these M1 and E2 transitions differ by two electrons.
2003 Assessment of William S. Lee Tax Act, North Carolina's Incentives

The author reviews the use of incentives under North Carolina's William S. Lee Tax Act, saying that a few dozen firms, at most, account for two-thirds of the credits given. The author also suggests that only around 4 percent of the jobs claimed to be created because of the Lee Act incentives actually were induced by them.
Effects of Particle Nonsphericity on Light-Scattering

Characterizing particles by analyzing their light scattering properties is of interest in many diverse fields. The most common measurement is particle size. Measurements of particle refractive index and shape are also of interest. Most optical sizing methods are based on the assumption that the particles are spherical.
Comparison of Modified Antigens for the Avoidance of Cloudy Reactions in Agglutination Tests on Fowl Blood Serum

Abstract Various studies have been published suggesting modifications of technique for the avoidance of the cloudy reaction in conducting agglutination tests for carriers of Bacillary White Diarrhea. It therefore seemed desirable to undertake comparative tests of the modified antigens suggested to determine which would most regularly give clear cut positive or negative agglutination reactions without the interference of nonspecific precipitations. This paper gives the results of these studies. According to Hektoen1 some of the earliest reported observations regarding non-specific precipitations when fowl serum is used in sereologic tests were made by Sutherland and Mitra in 1914. These men were using fowl serum in the precipitin reaction and arrived at the opinion that avoiding freezing of the serum would serve as a means of preventing such non-specific precipitations. Hektoen (1918) doing similar work found the freezing of fowl serum was not wholly responsible for the non-specific precipitation, but he also suggests avoidance . . .
The Differential Influence of the Business Cycle on the Number of Marriages in Several Age Groupings

gram is beneficial to the leader in that it enables him to keep in direct contact with persons who are attempting to work out marital adjustments. Beginning in the summer of I934 but since transferred to the spring, there is held annually in Chapel Hill a conference on the conservation of marriage and the family. The membership is limited and everyone attending has some close connection with marriage and family interests. It is not a conference at which formal papers are read, but one in which persons working out new methods of teaching or counseling or who are offering a course in marriage preparation for the first time get together and talk over their experiences. A few specialists speak and remain to answer questions. This entire program at the University of North Carolina from undergraduate classes to seminars and conferences, is designed to offer an opportunity for training for any who are specializing in the growing field of instruction in preparation for marriage. As the field enlarges and new demands call for new materials, the program will develop.
Discovery and whole genome sequences analysis of a dengue virus type 1 strain isolated in Henan province

Objective To diagnose imported dengue fever case from Henan province, and to sequence and analyze the characteristics of whole genome sequence, and to explore the possible viral origin source. Methods A suspected dengue fever case was reported in Yuzhou city, Henan province. The patient returned from foshan, Guangdong province on September 19, 2014, after the epidemiological investigation and serum specimen collected, which dengue fever case was diagnosed in the laboratory, then it was inoculated on Vero cells. Whole genome sequence was amplified by several pairs primers and characterized using biologic software. Results The imported case was diagnosed as dengue virus 1 serotype infection. Dengue 1 strain was isolated using Vero cells successfully. Whole genome was 10 670 nt, which belonged to dengue virus 1 serotype Ⅴ genotype and didn't found any recombination event. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the strain was closed to Indian starins isolated in 2008-2011, and the homology of nucleotide sequence was between 98.2%-99.4%. Conclusion It was the first time to discover imported dengue 1 serotype case in Henan province. However, according to the patient has been to Guangdong province before onset, it inferred that the Indian strain had been imported to Guangdong province before this case in Henan province. Key words: Dengue virus; Genome; Phylogenetic analysis
Neutrophil targeted nano-drug delivery system for chronic obstructive lung diseases

The success of drug delivery to target airway cell(s) remains a significant challenge due to the limited ability of nanoparticle (NP) systems to circumvent protective airway-defense mechanisms. The size, density, surface and physical-chemical properties of nanoparticles are the key features that determine their ability to navigate across the airway-barrier. We evaluated here the efficacy of a PEGylated immuno-conjugated PLGA-nanoparticle (PINP) to overcome this challenge and selectively deliver drug to specific inflammatory cells (neutrophils). We first characterized the size, shape, surface-properties and neutrophil targeting using dynamic laser scattering, transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Next, we assessed the efficacy of neutrophil-targeted PINPs in transporting through the airway followed by specific binding and release of drug to neutrophils. Finally, our results demonstrate the efficacy of PINP mediated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-(ibuprofen) delivery to neutrophils in murine models of obstructive lung diseases, based on its ability to control neutrophilic-inflammation and resulting lung disease.
Higher Education Internationalization in the Context of Ongoing Economic-Political Transitions: Insights from Former Soviet and Eastern Bloc Nations

In this introductory essay to the special issue, we discuss the importance of regional and national contexts for understanding internationalization of higher education and provide contextual information about the cluster of former Soviet and Eastern bloc nations. Drawing from findings from the three studies included in the special issue, we also identify themes that may characterize the internationalization of higher education in former Soviet and Eastern bloc nations. We conclude the essay by discussing the value of comparative research on internationalization of higher education and identifying directions for future research.
Poor Families in America's Health Care Crisis: The Unrealized Hope of Welfare Reform: Implications for Health Care

Cecilia, a young biracial (African American and Hispanic) mother of two, identified herself as African American. She was introduced to us by another of our San Antonio respondents. We conducted a number of interviews with her over the course of a year and a half, during which her second child, a daughter named Annika, was born. When we met Cecilia, she was living with Annika's father. Her older child, a two-year-old boy named Kevin, was from a previous relationship. Cecilia's own childhood had been chaotic. Her father had thirteen children with various women, but Cecilia only knew two of her siblings and was not particularly close to either of them. One lived in another state and although Cecilia had talked to her on the phone, they had never met in person. Cecilia lived near her mother, but they were not close and Cecilia received little help from her. She described her mother as “remote” and unwilling to provide child care or other assistance to the family. Cecilia's grandmother also lived nearby, and Cecilia's relationship with her was much warmer than her relationship with her mother. Her grandmother provided what support she could, and Cecilia greatly appreciated the help. When we met Cecilia, she was estranged from Kevin's father and would not allow him to have any contact with the boy. She felt that the father no longer had any right to see his son because he had stopped paying child support.
CERTAIN IMPORTANT ALGEBRAS

Introduction The free algebra on a set, and the tensor and exterior algebras of a vector space are constructed. Emphasis is placed on the exterior algebra of a finite dimensional vector space and its applications to determinants. Afterwards an alternate independent development of the exterior algebra is given as the quotient of a tensor algebra. Why is the exterior and to a lesser extent the tensor algebra given such prominence in this chapter as opposed to other algebras? The exterior algebra appears in differential geometry not only as the algebra of differential forms but also from skew symmetric tensors. There seems to be an abundant supply of the latter perhaps because the Lie product [ x , y ] = xy – yx is skew symmetric in x and y , and various Lie operations (e.g. the Lie derivative) and Lie algebras appear unavoidably in differential geometry and in physics as well. Some constructions and concepts in physics can be formulated more precisely, more easily, and be better understood if one has the tensor and exterior algebras at one's disposal. There is a lot of interesting and useful material here that is not covered in this chapter, which hopefully will serve as an introduction and invitation to further study. This chapter takes place in the category of algebras with identity over a fixed ground field F and identity preserving homomorphisms. The identity element of a subalgebra is required to be the identity of the big algebra containing it.
Pyogenic Arthritis, Pyoderma Gangrenosum, Acne, Suppurative Hidradenitis (PA-PASH) Syndrome: An Atypical Presentation of a Rare Syndrome

BACKGROUND Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum (PG), acne, and suppurative hidradenitis (PA-PASH) syndrome has been linked to an auto-inflammatory pathway. We report a case that is an atypical presentation of a rare syndrome, which supports literature suggesting that different phenotypes of PG-related syndromes may be a variation of the same pathogenic spectrum. Interestingly, our patient displayed a positive proteinase-3 antibody (PR-3). The clinical relevance of this is unclear. In recent literature, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) positivity has been reported in various inflammatory conditions other than ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). CASE REPORT A 44-year-old African American male with history of pyogenic arthritis, acne, suppurative hidradenitis, and chronic diarrhea presented for evaluation of painful ulcers located on the bilateral lower extremities, bilateral proximal interphalangeal joints, buttocks, and scrotum, and chronic diarrhea. Infectious etiologies for the ulcers were ruled out. Biopsy of an ulcer revealed PG. Colonoscopy revealed inflammation and ulceration with biopsy consistent with ulcerative colitis (UC). After treatment with prednisone, the ulcers healed within 4 weeks, and the chronic diarrhea resolved. CONCLUSIONS Our patient displayed a variation of PA-PASH syndrome and UC. Previously reported cases of similar phenotypes of PG-related syndromes have not presented in this fashion. Furthermore, the literature does not report cases of PG-related syndromes with an elevation in PR-3 antibody. Elevation in PR-3 has been reported in various inflammatory disorders aside from AAV. The relevance of this is currently unclear. It may be possible that the milieus of these various auto-inflammatory disorders may share pathogenic commonalities.
Gradient-based shape optimization for electromagnetic problems using IGFEM

A gradient-based shape optimization scheme combined with an interface-enriched generalized finite-element method (IGFEM) is proposed to efficiently optimize electro-magnetic (EM) problems. To avoid mesh distortion or the expensive process of repeatedly creating a conformal mesh for each design configuration, the problem geometry is projected onto a fixed background mesh that is not necessarily conformal to the geometry. The IGFEM, with an enriched solution space in nonconformal elements, is adopted for an accurate EM simulation. An analytical sensitivity analysis is presented to compute the derivatives of the objective and constraint functions. Because of the fixed background mesh, the design velocity field term in the sensitivity analysis is evaluated only at the geometry interfaces, and the efficiency of this method is significantly enhanced. An optimization of the radius of a dielectric cylinder to achieve the desired echo width is presented for verification.
Entropy in Molecular Recognition by Proteins

At a fundamental level, biological processes are most often controlled using molecular recognition by proteins. Protein-ligand interactions impact critical events ranging from the catalytic action of enzymes, the assembly of macromolecular structures, complex signaling and allostery, transport phenomena, force generation and so on. The physical origin of high affinity interactions involving proteins continues to be the subject of intense investigation. Conformational entropy represents perhaps the last piece of the thermodynamic puzzle that governs protein structure, stability, dynamics and function. The presence and importance of internal conformational entropy in proteins has been debated for decades but has resisted experimental quantification. Over the past few years we have introduced, developed and validated an NMR-based approach that uses a dynamical proxy to determine changes in conformational entropy. This new approach, which we term the NMR “entropy meter,” requires few assumptions, is empirically calibrated and is apparently robust and universal. Using this “entropy meter,” it can now be quantitatively shown that proteins retain considerable conformational entropy in their native functional states and that this conformational entropy can play a decisive role in the thermodynamics of molecular recognition by proteins. Recent results show that changes conformational entropy of a protein upon binding a high affinity ligand is highly system specific and can vary from strongly inhibiting to even strongly promoting binding and everything in between. Thus one cannot possibly understand comprehensively how proteins work without knowledge of the breadth and underlying principles of the role of conformational entropy in protein function. This approach also allows for the refinement of empirical coefficients that relate changes in accessible surface area to changes in the entropy of water and the determination of the loss of rotational-translational entropy in high affinity protein complexes. Supported by the NIH and the Mathers Foundation.
Does the Convergent Validity of the PAI Antisocial Features Scale Depend on Offender Response Style

Researchers have recently questioned the utility of the response style indicators included on many self-report measures of personality and psychopathology. We examined whether the size of convergent validity coefficients for Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Antisocial Features (ANT) scores depends on PAI validity scale scores. Using PAI and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) scores from 477 offenders evaluated for civil commitment as sexually violent predators, we found that PAI Positive Impression (PIM), Negative Impression (NIM), Malingering Index (MAL), Defensiveness Index (DEF), and Infrequency (INF) scores moderated the association between ANT and PCL-R scores. The association between ANT and PCL-R scores decreased as offenders overstated psychopathology (i.e., higher NIM or MAL scores) or exhibited increasing disengagement (i.e., higher INF scores). However, the association between ANT and PCL-R scores increased as offenders engaged in defensive reporting (i.e., higher PIM or DEF scores). The interaction effects were most common for ANT-E (Egocentricity), and to a lesser extent ANT-A (Antisocial Behaviors). PAI discriminant function validity indexes did not exhibit moderating effects on ANT and PCL-R scores. There was no evidence of validity scale suppression effects. These findings provide support for the potential role of some PAI response style measures for ANT scale interpretation in forensic settings.
Accuracy and quality in historical representation: Wikipedia, textbooks and the Investiture Controversy

Wikipedia’s popularity is unquestioned, but a perceived lack of accuracy and reliability in articles on historical topics prevents historians from embracing it more fully. This article argues that accuracy may be only one component of overall quality. While Wikipedia may have demonstrable shortcomings, it also has strengths in areas such as completeness and accessibility. These strengths appear when historical narratives in Wikipedia are compared to other sources of historical information readily available to American undergraduates. The article compares Wikipedia’s entry on the Investiture Controversy to current scholarship and textbook treatments of the theme. On a broader view of quality, Wikipedia appears in a more favorable light than it does when we employ a narrow focus on accuracy about specific dates and events.
Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Behavior as a Statistical Dynamic System

In viscoelasticity the governing constitutive equations are usually given in terms of the stress tensor as the functional of the history of deformation or of memory or hereditary functions. Concepts as these are abstract, even fictitious, and lack of physical soundness. However, using statistical irreversible flow processes characterized by joint strain and strain rate fields the statistical distribution of the nonequilibrium states resulted from the deformation of a viscoelastic molecular body by external forces can be determined. Quantities generally referred to as temporal correlation functions play a principal role which permit the derivation and interpretation of nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in the current time domain.
Determination of Nonlinear Aerodynamic Coefficients using the Estimation-Before-Modeling Methods

Abstract Aerodynamic coefficients of a Schweizer 2-32 sailplane have been estimated from flight test data for angles of attack (α) up to 30° and sideslip angles (β) to ±17°. The nonlinear aerodynamic model has been identified by applying the Estimation-Before-Modeling (EBM) technique to flight data derived from fifteen maneuvers including seven stalls and “post-stall gyrations”. An Extended Kalman-Bucy Filter and a Modified Bryson-Frazier smoother were used to estimate the time histories of the forces and moments from a fourteen-element discrete measurement vector. The optimal estimates and the measured control variables were sorted into 50 “subspaces”, and the aerodynamic modeling was performed using a multiple regression scheme in each subspace. The linear and nonlinear portions of the coefficients could be observed from the modeling results, providing insight into the stall dynamic behavior of the sailplane. The accuracy of the aerodynamic coefficients was assessed by comparing measured time histories of the sailplane with a six-degree-of-freedom simulation model response. A novel aspect of the research is the use of a quaternion-based mathematical model of aircraft dynamics. A microprocessor-based data acquisition system was used on board the sailplane.
Parental Autonomy Support in Two Cultures: The Moderating Effects of Adolescents’ Self-Construals

Parental autonomy support has been related to positive adolescent outcomes, however, its relation to outcomes in collectivist cultural groups is unclear. This study examined relations of specific autonomy supportive behaviors and outcomes among 401 adolescents (Mage = 12.87) from the United States (N = 245) and collectivist-oriented Ghana (N = 156). It also examined whether adolescents’ self-construals moderated the relations of specific types of autonomy support with outcomes. Factor analyses indicated two types of autonomy support: perspective taking/open exchange and allowance of decision making/choice. In both countries, perspective taking/open exchange predicted positive outcomes, but decision making/choice only did so in the United States. With regard to moderation, the more independent adolescents’ self-construals, the stronger the relations of decision making/choice to parental controllingness and school engagement.
Glioneuronal Heterotopia Presenting as Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor of Cranial Nerve VIII.

Background Vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas account for the great majority of lesions arising in the cerebellopontine angle. In this report, we present a case of glioneuronal heterotopia, also known as glioneuronal hamartoma, arising from cranial nerve VIII, which is an extremely uncommon lesion. Important radiologic and surgical aspects are reviewed, which may help in early recognition and intraoperative decision making when these lesions are encountered. Case Description A healthy 29-year-old female presented with intermittent right facial numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an incidental, minimally enhancing cerebellopontine angle lesion on the right cranial nerve VII–VIII complex. The patient declined serial observation and opted for operative intervention for resection. Intraoperatively, the lesion resembled neural tissue and was continuous with the VIII cranial nerve. Pathologic analysis demonstrated mature glioneuronal tissue consistent with hamartomatous brain tissue. The patient maintained normal hearing and facial nerve function after surgery. Radiologic, surgical, and pathologic characteristics are described. Conclusions Ectopic glioneuronal tissue of cranial nerve VIII is a rare non-neoplastic lesion and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unusual-appearing intracanalicular and cerebellopontine angle lesions. The congenital and benign nature of this entity makes observation a valid option for these cases, although they are so infrequent that they are often presumptively managed as vestibular schwannomas. Attempts to radically resect these lesions may result in higher rates of hearing loss or facial palsy due to their continuity with cranial nerves.
Utility of Urodynamics in Children with Dysfunctional Voiding

This review will allow the reader to understand the rationale for urodynamic testing in a child who is neurologically intact and is suspected of having dysfunctional voiding. We will look to define criteria that will prevent the overuse and unnecessary use of this invasive test in children. The literature does not support the routine use of invasive urodynamics for children with urge syndrome but does support its use for elucidation of dysfunctional voiding abnormalities in neurologically intact children. The child with functional voiding issues presents itself with factors that are different from the child with neurogenic causes of incontinence. The role of the brain cannot be taken out of the equation in the normal sensate child and its impact can be quite significant leading to results that may not be what is actually occurring in day to day life. It is also critical that the person ordering VUD understand that there is limited value in ordering these tests for urge incontinence and frequency since the diagnosis of DO can be made for the most part from the history. Judicious use of the VUD study can be quiet valuable in allowing the user to pinpoint in complex cases the cause of the incontinence or poor voiding dynamics that are present. VUD should be a final choice in the workup of the sensate child with functional voiding problems and rarely used as a first line evaluation.
Validation of an Electronic System for Recording Medical Student Patient Encounters

The Liaison Committee for Medical Education requires monitoring of the students’ clinical experiences. Student logs, typically used for this purpose, have a number of limitations. We used an electronic system called Patient Tracker to passively generate student encounter data. The data contained in Patient Tracker was compared to the information reported on student logs and data abstracted from the patients’ charts. Patient Tracker identified 30% more encounters than the student logs. Compared to the student logs, Patient Tracker contained a higher average number of diagnoses per encounter (2.28 vs. 1.03, p<0.01). The diagnostic data contained in Patient Tracker was also more accurate under 4 different definitions of accuracy. Only 1.3% (9/677) of diagnoses in Patient Tracker vs. 16.9% (102/601) diagnoses in the logs could not be validated in patients’ charts (p<0.01). Patient Tracker is a more effective and accurate tool for documenting student clinical encounters than the conventional student logs.
Pelvic Lymphadenectomy for Localised Prostate Cancer and Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy

Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) as a staging method in prostate cancer (PCa) is today considered the most reliable procedure for detection of lymph node invasion (LNI). The rationale for an accurate locoregional staging lymphadenectomy in PCa is to stratify patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapeutic measures. Furthermore, adequate lymphadenectomy might help to improve cancer-specific survival or progression-free survival as has been demonstrated already for various cancer types. In the last decades, the routine usage of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening led to a stage shift in PCa, thus, the incidence of localised and node-negative cases has increased from about 60–80 % to almost 90 %. Which patients to select for a PLND and the optimal extent of this procedure are still under debate. Several questions focus on the following issues. Not all patients suffering from prostate cancer are at the same risk of harbouring lymph node metastasis. The risk of nodal metastasis seems to depend mainly on clinical stage, PSA level and Gleason score. PLND has also its own morbidity and requires skilled surgeons since it is a challenging and time-consuming procedure. Last but not least, the therapeutic benefit of PLND in PCa management is currently unknown because of a lack of prospective randomised trials on this subject. Therefore, many groups are questioning the need of PLND in patients with a low- risk PCa. However, the literature also shows good arguments to perform routine PLND.
Alternative Therapy through Nutrients and Nutraceuticals

Abstract More than half of US adults report taking a dietary supplement in the past month with higher rates seen in individuals with chronic disease. Calcium and vitamin D are clearly important for osteoporosis treatment and prevention. However, other nutrients may also benefit the skeleton. The relationship between soy compounds and bone density/bone turnover are inconclusive. Dehydroepiandrosterone has an inconsistent benefit even in elderly people with low serum levels. Higher fruit and vegetable intakes may relate to higher bone mineral density (BMD), perhaps a result of their antioxidant properties. The skeletal benefit of flavonoids; carotenoids; omega-3-fatty acids; and vitamins A, C, E, and K are inconclusive based on limited observational data or a few small clinical trials, sometimes investigating pharmacologic doses. High homocysteine may relate to fracture risk, but the skeletal benefit of each B vitamin is unclear. Data are limited for the role of nutritional levels of magnesium, boron, strontium, silicon, and phosphorus in bone health.
Swadesh, Morris (1909–1967)

Morris Swadesh, a highly regarded linguistic anthropologist, is perhaps best known for his creation in the 1950s of glottochronology and lexicostatistics, methods for dating the divergence of related languages.
Complex Systems: Fundamental Issues

I’d like to say first that I’m delighted to be here. I think that human-system interaction is one of the most exciting areas of human endeavor dealing with complex systems. In my own career, I became an electrical engineer because I was fascinated with the complexity of electric power systems. Although many may take for granted that electricity grows out of a wall socket, but in reality it is the product of an enormous network of generating that are totally connected, and the complexity of the nation’s power system is incredible
Two-phase frictional pressure drop in a thin mixed-wettability microchannel

Abstract This study focuses on the experimental investigation of the two-phase pressure drop in a thin mixed-wettability microchannel. Air-water flows in a thin microchannel of dimensions 3.23 mm wide by 0.304 mm high. The test conditions primarily produce rivulet flow. The two-phase pressure drop increases when the base contact angle changes from 76 ° to 99 ° , with the other walls remaining the same. Combining the result with existing literature demonstrates that consistent behavior in the change of the two-phase pressure when comparing different wettabilities arises with careful consideration of the experimental parameters to classify experiments of adiabatic two-phase flow in a single microchannel into three categories: homogeneous, hydrophobic mixed-wettability, and superhydrophobic mixed-wettability microchannels. The two-phase pressure measurements also allow for the assessment of homogeneous, separated, and relative permeability models. Limiting the analysis to the rivulet flow regime allows for the determination of a new relative permeability exponent of 1.747 in the two-fluid model, which produces a mean absolute percent error of 14.9%. However, the models do not fully collapse the data, indicating differing air-water interactions. The work discusses possible causes of this behavior from experimental limitations to instabilities of the rivulet flow.
Additive manufactured new hybrid high entropy alloys derived from the AlCoFeNiSmTiVZr system

Abstract Several million high entropy alloys (HEAs) are possible just using the combination of ∼37 main elements. However, the HEA count in the literature hardly exceeds 450. Hence, a great need and opportunity exist with an objective of producing robust and durable alloys. Though various equiatomic HEAs have been explored, efforts in the direction of the utility of lanthanides/rare earth elements and refractory elements with the combination of 3d transition metals and aluminum have not been well-established. In order to further explore such alloys, several new hybrid HEAs namely AlCoFeNiV0.9Sm0.1, AlCoFeNiSm0.1TiV0.9, AlCoFeNiSm0.05TiV0.95Zr, and a bulk metallic glass AlCoFeNiTiVZr were manufactured using the selective laser melting technique. Most of these alloys are single phase FCC (face-centered cubic) structures as revealed by X-Ray diffraction analysis and other characterization techniques. These alloys exhibit excellent mechanical and corrosion resistant properties as revealed by first principles based calculations and experimental examinations.
Adhesion of antireflective coatings in multijunction photovoltaics

The development of a new composite dual cantilever beam (cDCB) thin-film adhesion testing method is reported, which allows the measurement of adhesion on the fragile thin substrates used in multijunction photovoltaics. We address the adhesion of several antireflective coating systems on multijunction cells. By varying interface chemistry and morphology, we demonstrate the ensuing effects on adhesion and help to develop an understanding of how high adhesion can be achieved, as adhesion values ranging from 0.5 J/m2 to 8 J/m2 were measured. Damp Heat (85 °C/85% RH) was used to invoke degradation of interfacial adhesion. We show that even with germanium substrates that fracture easily, quantitative measurements of adhesion can still be made at high test yield. The cDCB test is discussed as an important new methodology, which can be broadly applied to any system that makes use of thin, brittle, or otherwise fragile substrates.
Reimagining Bolivian cuisine: Haute traditional food and its discontents

This article considers the emerging Bolivian gastronomic discourse as a project fraught with tensions. On the one hand, the discourse surrounding Bolivian cuisine, as presented in urban restaurants...
Functional neuroanatomy of the basolateral amygdala: Neurons, neurotransmitters, and circuits

Abstract The basolateral nuclear complex (BNC) of the amygdala consists of lateral, basolateral, and basomedial nuclei in the rat, and homologous nuclei in the monkey (lateral, basal, and accessory basal). There are two main types of neurons in the BNC: pyramidal neurons and nonpyramidal neurons. Although these cells do not exhibit a laminar organization, their morphology, synaptology, electrophysiology, and pharmacology are remarkably similar to their counterparts in the cerebral cortex. Like the cortex, there are several distinct interneuronal subpopulations in the BNC. Collectively, the nuclei of the BNC receive information from all sensory modalities, and via projections to the central amygdalar nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, striatum, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex elicit emotional behavior. The BNC also plays a critical role in the formation and extinction of emotional memories. This review summarizes the organization of the local and extrinsic connections of BNC neurons that underly these functions.
YBCO High-Temperature Superconducting Filters on M-Plane Sapphire Substrates

Since the discovery of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) in 1986, microwave circuits have been demonstrated using HTS films on various substrates. These HTS-based circuits have proven to operate with less power loss than their metallic film counterparts at 77 K. This translates into smaller and lighter microwave circuits for space communication systems such as multiplexer filter banks. High quality HTS films have conventionally been deposited on lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) substrates. However, LaAlO3 has a relative dielectric constant (∈r) of 24. With a ∈r~9.4–11.6, sapphire (Al2O3) would be a preferable substrate for the fabrication of HTS-based components since the lower dielectric constant would permit wider microstrip lines to be used in filter design, since the lower dielectric constant would permit wider microstrip lines to be used for a given characteristic impedance (Z0), thus lowering the insertion losses and increasing the power handling capabilities of the devices. We report on the fabrication and characterization of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) on M-plane sapphire bandpass filters at 4.0 GHz. For a YBCO “hairpin” filter, a minimum insertion loss of 0.5 dB was measured at 77 K as compared with 1.4 dB for its gold counterpart. In an “edge-coupled” configuration, the insertion loss went down from 0.9 dB for the gold film to 0.8 dB for the YBCO film at the same temperature.