cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The cost-effectiveness of vaccination against Lyme disease.

Background Vaccination against Lyme disease appears to be safe and effective; however, the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained with vaccination is unknown. Methods We developed a decision-analytic model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of vaccination compared with no vaccination in individuals living in endemic areas of Lyme disease. Our analysis encompassed a 10-year time horizon including a 2-year vaccination schedule with an additional year of vaccine effectiveness. The costs and probabilities of vaccination risk, compliance and efficacy, and Lyme disease clinical sequelae and treatment were estimated from the literature. Health-related quality-of-life weights of the various clinical sequelae of Lyme disease infection were obtained from a sample of 105 residents from Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. Results Vaccinating 10 000 residents living in endemic areas with a probability of Lyme disease per season of 0.01 averted 202 cases of Lyme disease during a 10-year period. The additional cost per QALY gained compared with no vaccination was $62 300. Vaccination cost $12 600/QALY gained for endemic areas with an attack rate of 2.5% per season, and $145 200/QALY gained for an attack rate of 0.5%. Vaccinating individuals over an accelerated 2-month vaccination schedule improved the cost-effectiveness to $53 700/QALY gained. If a yearly booster shot is required for persisting efficacy, the marginal cost-effectiveness ratio increases to $72 700/QALY. The cost-effectiveness of vaccination was most sensitive to the Lyme disease treatment efficacy and assumptions about the persistence of vaccination effect. Conclusion Vaccination against Lyme disease appears only to be economically attractive for individuals who have a seasonal probability of Borrelia burgdorferi infection of greater than 1%.
A covariance structure analysis of flicker sensitivity.

Abstract We tested whether linear structural models of the mechanisms underlying flicker sensitivity could reproduce the variance-covariance matrix of temporal contrast sensitivity data. Monocular sensitivities to frequencies between 2.5 and 45 Hz were measured for 124 subjects, ages 18–88 yr. Exploratory factor analyses revealed that both a two-mechanism and a three-mechanism model could adequately account for the data. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analyses and full structural equation models, using age as an explanatory variable, supported both models, with the three-factor model giving a somewhat better representation of the data. Parsimony favors the two-mechanism model. But patterns of loss associated with pre-exudative age-related maculopathy are more easily understood in terms of three underlying mechanisms.
Maintenance energy requirements of odor detection, explosive detection and human detection working dogs

Despite their important role in security, little is known about the energy requirements of working dogs such as odor, explosive and human detection dogs. Previous researchers have evaluated the energy requirements of individual canine breeds as well as dogs in exercise roles such as sprint racing. This study is the first to evaluate the energy requirements of working dogs trained in odor, explosive and human detection. This retrospective study evaluated twenty adult dogs who maintained consistent body weights over a six month period. During this time, the average energy consumption was [Formula: see text] or two times the calculated resting energy requirement ([Formula: see text]). No statistical differences were found between breeds, age or sex, but a statistically significant association (p = 0.0033, R-square = 0.0854) was seen between the number of searches a dog performs and their energy requirement. Based on this study's population, it appears that working dogs have maintenance energy requirements similar to the 1974 National Research Council's (NRC) maintenance energy requirement of [Formula: see text] (National Research Council (NRC), 1974) and the [Formula: see text] reported for young laboratory beagles (Rainbird & Kienzle, 1990). Additional research is needed to determine if these data can be applied to all odor, explosive and human detection dogs and to determine if other types of working dogs (tracking, search and rescue etc.) have similar energy requirements.
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis associated with tinea versicolor in three siblings

: We describe three teenage siblings with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, all presenting during a 6-month period. Two of the three patients had confirmed tinea versicolor, with positive potassium hydroxide scrapings, in association with this entity. This is the largest series of siblings with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, and the only report describing family members having both confluent and reticulated papillomatosis and tinea versicolor. This report lends further evidence to the hypothesis that confluent and reticulated papillomatosis may be etiologically linked to tinea versicolor, and also suggests a genetic predisposition for it.
Outcome Analysis of Work-Hardening Programs

The competitive marketplace and the demand for accountability by health care payers are strongly influencing the need for work hardening programs to participate in program evaluation and produce outcome data. This study compiled program performance data on 22 work programs in Wisconsin over an 11-month period. Client data related to demographics of gender, age, occupation, insurance coverage, diagnosis, services clients received, patterns of attendance, and outcomes upon discharge were collected. Results described the majority of the clients treated in the work hardening programs to be men, aged 26 to 46 years, with occupations classified in the miscellaneous category according to the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The reimbursement source for the majority of work program clients was worker's compensation. The most frequent condition treated was injury to the lumbar spine. Most clients were treated and discharged within a 3-week period. More than half of the clients served returned to their usual and customary jobs.
Cytologic features of prostatic adenocarcinoma in urine: A clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study

Cells of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (ACP) are infrequently shed in urine. We examined the clinicopathologic features of 22 patients with ACP and tumor cells in urine. Patients typically were clinical stage C or D and had hematuria (13 cases, 59%) and/or obstruction (11 cases, 50%). Prostatic palpation or instrumentation preceded collection of 15 urine specimens. Histologically, tumors were high grade (Gleason score 7-10) and extensive, with involvement of prostatic ducts and acini (10 cases, 45%) and prostatic urethra (5 cases, 23%). Cytologically, the background was clean, and neoplastic cells appeared singly, in loose clusters, as large "casts," or, rarely, in papillary structures. The cells were small, round to oval, with a moderate amount of finely granular or vacuolated cytoplasm; nuclei were generally round with a thin, often irregular membrane, finely granular chromatin, and a single prominent nucleolus. Immunoperoxidase staining for prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen was useful in distinguishing ACP from transitional cell carcinoma.
Crime, News and Fear of Crime: Toward an Identification of Audience Effects

Communication studies increasingly recognize the audience's critical role in receiving and interpreting media messages. Research into audience attributes that distinguish “media effects,” on the fear of crime (FEAR) has been limited—particularly as it relates to the reception of news. This study is based on a survey of 2,092 adults in Tallahassee, Florida at the height of a media driven “panic” about violent crime. Controlling for age, gender, race, victim experience and other perceptions of crime, the frequency of watching television news and listening to news on the radio is significantly related to FEAR. Reading newspapers and newsmagazines and recall of detail concerning specific highly publicized violent crimes are unrelated to FEAR. When audiences are disaggregated by gender, race, and a series of third attributes, television news consumption is significantly related to FEAR only for white females between the ages of thirty and fifty-four. This finding holds regardless of victim experience, income or perceived safety. Several explanations derived from previous research are applied to this finding. Both “resonance” and “substitution” have possible explanatory relevance, but the “affinity” of audience members with victims most often seen on television news may best account for the concentration of “media effects” among white women.
The selection of leaders and social dominance orientation

Purpose – Individuals who are high in social dominance orientation (SDO) tend to endorse the belief that members of traditionally considered high-status groups should dominate members of traditionally considered low-status groups within society. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how SDO influences the selection of an individual who is a member of a traditionally considered low-status group for a leadership position as opposed to a non-leadership position. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology included undergraduate business students who were investigated in a laboratory setting. Findings – Results indicate that individuals who are high in SDO are more likely to discriminate against the most qualified candidate who is a traditionally considered low-status group member when compared to those low in SDO, and job position moderated this outcome. This effect was stronger when selecting the traditionally considered low-status group member candidate for a leadership role as opposed to a non-lea...
The residue of the global η function at the origin

where I dvol(x)l denotes the Riemannian measure on M. Using the calculus of pseudo-differential operators depending upon a complex parameter, which was developed by Seeley [9], one can show that both q(s ,x ,P) and r/(s, P) can be meromorphically extended to the complex plane with simple poles at s = ( m n ) / u for n = 0 ..... The residues of ~l(s,x,P) at the poles for n = 0,..., m are given by local formulas in the jets of the total symbol of P. We define
Road shape classification for detecting and negotiating intersections

This paper presents an approach to visually classifying the high-level geometry of the road ahead of a vehicle as a section with continuous curvature parallel edges or an intersection containing right-angled legs. The default behavior of the system is snake-based tracking of parallel road edges for curvature estimation. A separate process segments the road surface from the background using color appearance characteristics, then classifies the segmented road shape in a rectified view as either a standard section or one of several intersection types ("four-way", "T", "right angle", etc.). Recognition of the proper shape class of the approaching road is a prerequisite for switching between shape templates in order to successfully track road edges as the vehicle travels through intersections.
Mining low-variance biclusters to discover coregulation modules in sequencing datasets

High-throughput sequencing CHIP-Seq data exhibit binding events with possible binding locations and their strengths, followed by interpretation of the locations of peaks. Recent methods tend to summarize all CHIP-Seq peaks detected within a limited up and down region of each gene into one real-valued score in order to quantify the probability of regulation in a region. Applying subspace clustering techniques on these scores can help discover important knowledge such as the potential co-regulation or co-factor mechanisms. The ideal biclusters generated would contain subsets of genes and transcription factors TF such that the cell-values in biclusters are distributed around a mean value with very low variance. Such biclusters would indicate TF sets regulating gene sets with very similar probability values. However, most existing biclustering algorithms neither enforce low variance as the desired property of a bicluster, nor use variance as a guiding metric while searching for the desirable biclusters. In this paper we present an algorithm that searches a space of all overlapping biclusters organized in a lattice, and uses an upper bound on variance values of biclusters as the guiding metric. We show the algorithm to be an efficient and effective method for discovering the possibly overlapping biclusters under pre-defined variance bounds. We present in this paper our algorithm, its results with synthetic, CHIP-Seq and motif datasets, and compare them with the results obtained by other algorithms to demonstrate the power and effectiveness of our algorithm.
Combined deadbeat control of a series-parallel converter combination used as a universal power filter

This paper presents the notion of combined control of a system of interconnected power electronic converters. The concept is demonstrated using a three-phase series-parallel active power filter as an example. The described active power filter consists of a series-parallel combination of two full bridge VSIs capable of arbitrarily controlling the input current and the output voltage. The proposed control scheme treats the converter combination as a single unit and uses the inverse system model to generate deadbeat control response for both input current and output voltage. A full order predictive state observer is used to reduce the number of sensors. Simulation results show the excellent disturbance rejection characteristics of the proposed control when compared to the separately controlled converter scheme. >
Discourse structure for multi-speaker spontaneous spoken dialogs: incorporating heuristics into stochastic RTNs

In real spoken language applications, where speakers interact spontaneously, there is much seeming unpredictability that makes recognition difficult. Multi-speaker spontaneous dialog where two speakers interact verbally to cooperatively solve a mutual, shared problem is more varied than human-computer interactions. Spontaneous speech is not well structured, exhibiting mid-utterance corrections and restarts in utterances. Discourse contains digressions, clarifications, corrections and topic changes. But, multi-speaker discourse is even more varied, with initiative effects, speakers interacting, planning and responding. This makes it extremely difficult to develop grammars and language models with adequate coverage and reliable stochastic parameters. Perplexity increases and recognition degrades considerably vis-a-vis human-database dialog. In spite of all this, multi-speaker dialogs are structured and predictable when the discourse is appropriately modelled. We have developed heuristics to model spontaneous speech and multi-speaker dialogs. The underlying heuristics have been evaluated and shown to adequately and accurately predict discourse phenomena, as evaluated on a 10,000+ utterance corpus. Generally, the heuristics for computing discourse structure and deriving constraints from it are rule based. We have taken the rules and used them to develop a set of stochastic RTNs that capture both the rules and corpus probabilities. The resulting language model can be used predictively to dynamically generate stochastic utterance predictions or can be incorporated into any recognition/understanding system where a single prior state is maintained.
Cyclic Pricing by a Durable Goods Monopolist

In the model of this paper a monopoly seller of a durable good holds periodic sales as a means of price discrimination. A new cohort of consumers enters the market in each period, interested in purchasing the good either immediately or after a delay. Within each cohort, consumers vary in their tastes for the good. Under broad conditions, the seller will vary the price over time. In most periods, he will charge a price just low enough to sell immediately to consumers with a high willingness to pay. Periodically, however, he will drop the price far enough to sell to an accumulated group of consumers with a low willingness to pay.
Practical considerations and radiation safety in radioimmunotherapy with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (zevalin)

Abstract 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin; Biogen Idec Inc, Cambridge, MA), the first radioimmunotherapeutic agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, is a promising treatment option in patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, including patients with rituximab-refractory follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen is administered on an outpatient basis over approximately 1 week and with the simplicity of weight-based dosing (ie, calculation of whole body clearance is unnecessary). Other than acrylic shielding, only universal precautions are required to administer 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan, and patient isolation is unnecessary. This treatment regimen requires a coordinated multidisciplinary approach. Oncologists play a leading role in selecting patients for 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan therapy and in prescribing and overseeing the treatment.
Increasing client-side confidence in remote component implementations

When a client makes use of a remote component, it does not have direct access to the remote component's implementation or state information. By observing the component's interactions with its environment, however, the client can determine whether the component's behavior conforms to its promised specification. We present a distributedinfrastructure with which a client can make these observations and thereby increase its confidence in the correctness of the remote component. This infrastructure supports temporal specifications of distributed components with autonomous threads of control. It also supports multiple levels of confidence, with commensurate performance costs. As a proof-of-concept for this design, we have implemented a prototype in Java for distributed systems built using CORBA.
Robophysical study of jumping dynamics on granular media

A study of robots jumping on granular media reveals that performance depends on an added-mass effect born of grains solidifying on impact. Techniques that are optimized for launching off hard surfaces are shown to be compromised by the effect.
Narayana-Markin Consumer Behavior and Product Performance Model: A New Dimension

In an earlier paper Narayana and Markin suggested that the relationship between consumer behavior and product performance can be most effectively explained by classifying existing brands into awareness and unawareness sets. This paper is a sequal to the earlier study. By using the same methodology and concentrating primarily on shopping and specialty goods, the authors have concluded that the Narayana-Markin model is applicable and conceptually sound.
Double Layered Learning for Biological Event Extraction from Text

This paper presents our approach (referred to as BioEvent) for protein-level complex event extraction, developed for the GENIA task (Kim et al., 2011b) of the BioNLP Shared Task 2011 (Kim et al., 2011a). We developed a double layered machine learning approach which utilizes a state-of-the-art minimized feature set for each of the event types. We improved the best performing system of BioNLP 2009 overall, and ranked first amongst 15 teams in finding "Localization" events in 2011. BioEvent is available at http://bioevent.sourceforge.net/
Trajectory Optimization under Changing Conditions through Evolutionary Approach and Black-Box Models with Refining

This article provides an algorithm that is dedicated to repeated trajectory optimization with a fixed horizon and addresses processes that are difficult to describe by the established laws of physics. Typically, soft-computing methods are used in such cases, i.e. black-box modeling and evolutionary optimization. Both suffer from high dimensions that make the problems complex or even computationally infeasible. We propose a way how to start from very simple problems and - after the simple problems are covered sufficiently - proceed to more complex ones. We provide also a case study related to the dynamic optimization of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems.
Flight Dynamics and Control Authority of Flap Controlled Open Boxes in Atmospheric Flight

3 2 1 0 , , , q q q q : Quaternion orientation parameters of box. w v u , , : Components of velocity vector of mass center in body reference frame. r q p , , : Components of angular velocity vector in body reference frame. Z Y X , , : Total applied force components in body reference frame. N M L , , : Total applied moment components about mass center in body reference frame. A A A w v u , , : Relative aerodynamic velocity components of mass center in body reference frame. A V : Magnitude of relative aerodynamic velocity vector of mass center.
Quantum Mechanics And Determinism

Une des tentatives les plus influentes a refuter le determinisme, basee sur des arguments issus du Theoreme de Bell, constitue, selon l'A., une imposture philosophique
Explicit Expression of the Stationary Values of Young's Modulus and the Shear Modulus for Anisotropic Elastic Materials

Explicit expressions of the direction n and the stationary values (maximum, minimum and saddle point) of Young's modulus E(n) for orthotropic, tetragonal, trigonal, hexagonal and cubic materials are presented. For the shear modulus G(n, m), explicit expressions of the extrema (maximum and minimum) and the two mutually orthogonal unit vectors n, m are given for cubic and hexagonal materials. We also present a general procedure for computing the extrema of G(n, m) for more general anisotropic elastic materials. It is shown that Young's modulus E(n) can be made as large as we wish for certain n without assuming that the elastic compliance s11, s22 or s33 is very small. As to the shear modulus G(n,m), it can be made as large as we wish for certain n and m without assuming that any one of the elastic compliance sαβ is very small. We also show that Young's modulus E(n) can be independent of n for orthotropic and hexagonal materials while the shear modulus G(n, m) can be independent of n and m for hexagonal materials.
Electric Polarizabilities of the 4 p 2 Level of Potassium

The atomic-beam technique has been used to study the Stark effect in the $4p$ level of potassium. The results, expressed in terms of three polarizabilities, are found to be in good agreement with the Bates and Daamgard calculation of oscillator strengths.
An Introduction to Common Music

Common Music is an object-oriented music composition environment. It treats musical composition as an experimental process involving the description of sound and its higher-order structural relationships. Common Music provides an extensive "compositional toolbox" and a public interface through which a composer may modify and extend the system. Sound is rendered on demand, by traversing high-level structure, producing sound descriptions, and transforming these into a variety of control protocols for sound synthesis and display. Realization targets currently include MIDI, Csound, Common Lisp Music, Music Kit, C Mix, C Music, M4C, RT, Mix, and Common Music Notation.
The TRD Method: Slag-Cement Materials for In Situ Mixed Vertical Barriers

The conventional slurry trench method of construction to form low-permeability vertical barriers of soil-bentonite (SB), cement-bentonite (CB) and slag-CB have been widely used. More recently, in situ mixing methods to construct vertical barriers, such as deep mixing method (DMM) and the Trench Remixing and Deep wall method (TRD) have found increased usage. For the first TRD project in the United States, the method has been used for construction of test cells and is under consideration for the construction of a soil mixed barrier wall to prevent the intrusion of salt water into fresh ground water aquifers at the Alamitos Gap in southern California. To fully investigate the technology and its suitability for the application under consideration, laboratory and field studies (including construction and evaluation of two test cells) were conducted. This paper presents the results of various material formulations upon properties such as hydraulic conductivity and unconfined compressive strength. Laboratory studies demonstrated that mixtures of site soils containing saline pore water and blends of clay-water slurry, slag and Portland cement could be developed having measured values of hydraulic conductivity less than 1x10 -7 cm/s and being resistant to long-term degradation in the presence of the saline ground water.
Détournement: an abuser's guide

On the first occasion, the dignified ritual of power celebrating itself was disrupted by clowns. On the second occasion, security forces kept the clowns at bay for their own protection. But on the ...
A Study of the Diffusion of Phosphorus in Ni/amorphous NiPx and a-NiPx/a-NiPy. Multilayers

An x-ray technique has been used to measure the diffusion of phosphorus in crystalline Ni/amorphous NiPx and amorphous NiPx/NiPy multilayer thin films produced by electrodeposition. The films have repeat lengths in the range 30-80A and P contents x, y < 25at.%. A value for the interdiffusivity in amorphous NiPx is derived from measurements on fully amorphous films. The behaviour of partially crystalline films is described in terms of phosphorus diffusion into the nickel grain boundaries.
Heat Transfer Prediction in High Pressure Turbine Cascade with Free-Stream Turbulence using LES

are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The leading edge region and pressure side of the blade surface have highly elevated levels of heat transfer in the presence of free-stream turbulence. Transition of suction surface boundary layer is captured in the simulation with the predicted transition location close to that observed in the experiment. A fully turbulent boundary layer is seen post transition on the suction surface.
Analysis of Column Ductility Factors under Loads

The resistance against earthquake of structure element depends on its ductility.The ductility of column through changing axial compression ratio is analyzed,amount of stirrups and amount of reinforcement by the method of numerical calculation.The result is that the more the axial compression ratio is,the worse the ductility.Ductility varies with the change of the amount of stirrups.It's not very obvious that ductility strengthens with the added amount of reinforcement.
A Comparison of Flexion and Extension Radiographs with Computed Tomography of the Cervical Spine in Blunt Trauma

The purpose of this study was to compare flexion and extension (F/E) cervical radiographs with CT of the cervical spine in patients sustaining blunt trauma for the evaluation of ligamentous injury. A retrospective chart review of 2 years duration at an American College of Surgeons-verified Level I trauma center was performed. All patients sustaining blunt trauma who were evaluated with both a CT as well as F/E radiographs were identified. Exclusion criteria included penetrating injuries, neurologic symptoms, and age younger than 18 years. Follow-up MRI of each positive F/E radiograph after a negative CT scan was performed. Flexion and extension cervical radiographs were obtained in 379 patients after CT. Eight positive F/E radiographs were obtained after a negative CT scan. Follow-up MRI was negative for ligamentous injury in all cases. No cases of a clinically relevant positive F/E radiograph after a negative CT scan were identified. Follow-up F/E radiographs are not efficacious when a negative CT has been performed in blunt trauma without neurologic findings.
Approximate Histogram and Wavelet Summaries of Streaming Data

We study a synopsis abstract data structure similar to an array abstract data type commonly seen in textbooks. Specifically, we model an array \(\mathbf{A}\) of \(N\) real values, \(\{i: 0\le i < N\}=[0,N)\). Like to an array, a user can pose point and range queries; in addition, the data is dynamic (i.e., continuously updated) and can be multidimensional. We study approximate versions of this abstract data structure that provide only an approximate representation of \(\mathbf{A}\), using much less space than the full data set. Our focus is on two related types of sparse summaries, histograms and Haar wavelets.
Context, Role, and Legitimacy

Although TCS is frequently heralded as a key component of more democratic global governance, a noticeable gap has been observed between the hoped-for impacts of TCS as a normative construct and the real-world impacts of the organizations of which it is composed. A number of researchers have called into question civil society organizations’ motivations, representivity, and democratic credentials (Bowden 2006; Cooley and Ron 2002; Foley and Edwards 1996; Nelson 1997b). Even among those authors that hold that civil society can contribute positively towards global governance, one finds a variety of competing and sometimes contradictory prescriptions for judging the democratic contributions of individual TCSOs or TCS as a whole.
The Patient Global Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Identification of Underlying Latent Factors.

The patient global assessment of disease activity is a crucial component of various measures of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our objective was to identify underlying latent traits driving the patient global assessment using a quantitative, multivariable data reduction approach. This was a prospective cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with RA. The patient sample was stratified to include 50 patients with patient-provider discordance (i.e., at least 25-mm absolute difference between the patient and provider global assessments) and 20 patients with patient-provider concordance (i.e., less than 25-mm absolute difference between the patient and provider global assessments). Data were collected from the most recent rheumatology visit, including patient characteristics, current RA medications, and comorbidities. Participants completed several validated patient-reported outcome measures. The data were evaluated using factor analysis, and then linear regression was used to determine the variability in the patient global assessment explained by the factor scores. The study included 70 patients with mean age of 61 years, 73% female, and with mean disease duration of 8 years. The means (SD) for the patient and provider global assessments were 44.6 (22.7) and 20.1 (17.7), respectively. Factor analysis yielded eight factors that represented measurements of pain, fatigue, depression or anxiety symptoms, prior diagnosis of depression or anxiety, advanced age and degenerative arthritis, inability to participate, fibromyalgia (clinical diagnosis and Widespread Pain Index), and undetermined. Linear regression analysis showed that fibromyalgia explained the greatest proportion of the variance in the patient global assessment followed by the other factors. Latent factors underlying the patient global assessment include pain, depression and anxiety, inability to participate, fibromyalgia, advanced age, and degenerative arthritis.
Real time architectures for sphericalized SVD updating

Publisher Summary This chapter develops a low complexity square root algorithm and a pseudo-systolic array architecture to track the dominant or subdominant singular subspace associated with time-varying data matrices in real time. The pseudo-systolic architectures are ideally suited for implementation with custom CORDIC VLSI or networks of available parallel numeric processing chips such as iWarps or TMS320C40's. The real time update complexity is O(n) where n is the data dimension. Further parallelization is possible to scale complexity down linearly as more processors are added. The chapter shows how to track the dimension of the signal subspace and gear-shift the array when the subspace dimension changes.
Calculating the inductive electric field in the terrestrial magnetosphere

This study presents a theoretical approach to calculating the inductive electric field and it is further applied to global MHD simulations of the magnetosphere. The contribution of the inductive component to the total electric field is found by decomposing the motional electric field into a superposition of an irrotational and a solenoidal vector and assuming that the time varying magnetic field vanishes on the boundary. We find that a localized change in the magnetic field generates an inductive electric field whose effect extends over all space, meaning that the effect of the inductive electric field is global even if the changes in the magnetic field are localized. Application of this formalism to disturbed times provides strong evidence that during periods of increased activity the electric field induced by the localized change in magnetic field can be comparable to (or larger than) the potential electric fields in certain regions. This induced field exhibits significant spatial and temporal variations, which means that particles that drift into different regions of space are being exposed to different means of acceleration. These results suggest that the inductive electric field could have a substantial contribution to particle energization in the near-Earth region even though the changes in the magnetic fields occur at distances of several tens of Earth radii. This finding is particularly important for ring current modeling which in many cases excludes inductive contributions to the total particle drift.
Visceral Adiposity Predicts Severity of Acute Pancreatitis.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association of visceral adiposity with severe outcomes in acute pancreatitis (AP).MethodsThis retrospective study included consecutive patients with AP admitted to a tertiary care hospital between January 2010 and January 2015 who underwent a comp
Hormone receptor (AR/ER/PR) expression as a prognostic marker and novel candidate for drug development across multiple tumor types.

2537Background: Hormone receptor (HR) [androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)] expression is ubiquitous across tumor types and central to breast and prostate can...
Abstract PR18: Leveraging synthetic lethality to target convergent therapeutic resistance

Our laboratory uses genomic and pharmacological methods to define the pathways of resistance to targeted anticancer therapies. Toward this end, we recently developed a technique in which engineered lentiviral cDNAs encoding activators of major oncogenic signaling pathways are introduced into cells and then profiled to identify those capable of conferring resistance to drugs. In parallel, we have also developed analogous loss-of-function screening approaches based on CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and have used these approaches to map the pathways supporting intrinsic resistance to targeted therapies. Using these tools in conjunction with data and mouse models derived from human tumors, we recently discovered that major pathways of resistance frequently converge onto common downstream effectors, the targeting of which can forestall resistance. Here, I will describe the discovery of common resistance effectors in JAK2-driven myeloproliferative neoplasms, EGFR-driven colorectal cancers, and BRAF-driven melanomas. Focusing particularly on melanoma, I will describe the discovery that major pathways of resistance converge to activate the transcription factor c-MYC (MYC). MYC expression and gene signatures were suppressed following initial drug treatment, then rebounded during tumor progression in each member of a large panel of human patients, independent of the upstream pathway driving resistance. MYC suppression using either genetic approaches or BET bromodomain inhibition was sufficient to both resensitize diverse BRAFi/MEKi-resistant models and delay resistance in treatment naive models. Although direct pharmacological inhibition of MYC remains difficult, the BRAFi/MEKi-resistant, MYC-activated state harbors synthetic lethal signaling and metabolic dependencies, including those involving SRC family and c-KIT tyrosine kinases and glucose, glutamine, and serine pathways, that can be targeted to create combination therapies that uniquely select against resistance evolution. Citation Format: Kris C. Wood. Leveraging synthetic lethality to target convergent therapeutic resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR18.
Why do Earth's equatorial waves head east?

Equatorial Kelvin waves occur constantly in Earth's atmosphere and ocean. They constitute an isolated and powerful component of the observed atmospheric wave spectrum ( 1 ), whereas oceanic Kelvin waves drive up- and downwelling in the Pacific Ocean thermocline, which affects the El Nino–Southern Oscillation. In the atmosphere, Kelvin waves are initiated by and coupled to convective activity (storm systems), mostly over the Indian and the western Pacific Oceans, whereas in periods of large-scale convective organization, such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation, equatorial Kelvin wave activity is suppressed. On page [1075][1] of this issue, Delplace et al. ( 2 ) attempt to answer the questions of why there are three equatorially confined waves, and why they all have eastward group velocity. They propose a fascinating perspective on the existence of unidirectional, equatorially confined atmospheric waves by developing an analogy with similar phenomena that occur in electronic materials—in particular, in quantum Hall states and topological insulators. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aan8819
Outcome of liver lesions indeterminate for malignancy on ultrasound: the role of patient age, risk status, and lesion echogenicity.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between final outcome of lesions indeterminate for malignancy on ultrasound (US) and patient and imaging characteristics. We identified all patients with indeterminate liver lesions on US between 9/1/2013 and 12/31/2014 using institutional codes based on radiologist opinion. Miscoded lesions (n = 30) and patients with no imaging, pathology, or clinical follow-up at our health system (n = 6) were excluded. Final diagnostic category of malignant, benign, pseudolesion, or indeterminate was assigned using imaging, pathology, and clinical follow-up. Differences in diagnostic categories were compared by patient (age, gender, race, known malignancy. or liver disease) and imaging characteristics (lesion size, echogenicity. and number). Independent likelihood of a benign final diagnostic category was adjusted for significant variables on univariate analysis. Indeterminate liver lesions on US were found in 153/6813 patients (2%). Final diagnostic categories were malignant (11/153, 7%), benign (94/153, 61%), pseudolesion (42/153, 27%). and indeterminate (6/153, 4%). Nearly one-third of hypoechoic masses in patients with known malignancy or liver disease (i.e., high-risk status) ≥ 46 years of age were malignant (9/28, 32%). On multivariate analysis, patients of age ≥ 61 years and high-risk status were associated with decreased likelihood of benign diagnostic category (OR .19 (95% CI .07–.51) and OR .40 (95% CI .18–.88), p values .001 and .022, respectively). 2% of patients undergoing abdominal US have sonographically indeterminate liver lesions, of which 7% are malignant. Older, high-risk patients with hypoechoic lesions should receive short-term follow-up as one-third will have malignant lesions. Younger, low-risk patients should receive conservative follow-up, regardless of US imaging features.
Atlantic Multidecadal Variability as a Modulator of Precipitation Variability in the Southwest United States

AbstractTwo independent atmospheric general circulation models reveal that the positive (negative) phase of Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) can reduce (amplify) the variance of the shorter time-scale (e.g., ENSO related) precipitation fluctuations in the United States, especially in the Southwest, as well as decrease (increase) the long-term seasonal mean precipitation for the cold season. The variance is modulated because of changes in 1) dry day frequency and 2) maximum daily rainfall intensity. With positive AMV forcing, the upper-level warming originating from the increased precipitation over the tropical Atlantic Ocean changes the mean vertical thermal structure over the United States continent to a profile less favorable for rain-inducing upward motions. In addition, a northerly low-level dry advection associated with the local overturning leaves less available column moisture for condensation and precipitation. The opposite conditions occur during cold AMV periods.
Preparation of GP5-M Heterodimer Glycantype Specific Recombinant Protein and Replicon Particles

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) imposes a huge financial burden on the swine industry. Thus, there is a clear and immediate need for improved PRRS virus (PRRSV) vaccines. Our group has proposed a new classification scheme for PRRSV strains that allows for immunological differentiation based on level of GP5 glycosylation. This classification based on glycantype has allowed us to choose PRRSV strains that offer the best chance of protection against PRRS.
Understanding 'Take' in the Endangered Species Act

The prohibition against “take” of endangered species would appear, at first blush, to be the most powerful protection of the federal Endangered Species Act. But the provision has not met its potential, the article argues, in part because its parameters remain fuzzy. This article examines the parameters of intent, directness, timing, proximate causation, and standard of proof. This examination reveals a prohibition that holds its greatest potential as a means of enjoining an impending harm to a species.
Cybercrime & Misdemeanors: A Reevaluation of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

This Article contends that the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is an overly punitive and largely ineffective approach to combating computer crime based on two fundamental critiques. The 1986 version of the CFAA contemplated a core distinction between harmless trespass and more substantial intrusions. Over time, this distinction has become obscured and is resulting in over-criminalization of offenders. Furthermore, the increased penalties for computer crime created by the USA PATRIOT Act, and the Cyber Security Enhancement Act, are unjust in application and ineffectual in deterring prospective computer criminals.
ACHIEVEMENT OF GUIDELINE DIRECTED MEDICAL THERAPY GOALS IN COMPLEX HIGHER-RISK (AND INDICATED) PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION

Complex higher risk and indicated patients (CHIP) represent a growing population referred for coronary revascularization. While technical and clinical features of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in this population are typically the area of focus for interventionalists, the concomitant
Microparnus Shepard (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea: Dryopidae), a New Genus from French Guiana

Microparnus Shepard, new genus, is described and Microparnus pusillus (Hinton), new combination, is proposed for Helichus pusillus Hinton, 1939. A revised key to the Neotropical genera of aquatic and semiaquatic Dryopidae is presented.
Trends in inpatient rehabilitation stroke outcomes before and after advent of the prospective payment system: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to examine quality care indicators for inpatient stroke rehabilitation, trends for length of stay (LOS), functional outcomes, and discharge destination. In order to examine the influence of the prospective payment system (PPS), which was instituted in 2002, particular attention was paid to the pre-PPS to post-PPS period. This is the first review of literature to examine the quality of stroke care provided in inpatient rehabilitation facilities in the United States. METHODS A search of Ovid Medline and Ovid Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health databases was performed for articles published between 1990 and 2007. Search terms included treatment outcome, outcome assessment, activities of daily living, exercise, rehabilitation, cerebrovascular accident, LOS, and rehabilitation centers. RESULTS Twelve articles met the criteria for review. A trend for shorter LOS was evident in the literature up until the time of implementation of PPS. An insufficient amount of literature was available to confirm whether this trend continued after the implantation of PPS. The most recent data indicated that average LOS in inpatient rehabilitation facilities for stroke was <20 days. Functional Independence Measure (FIM) discharge scores remained stable through the 1990s. After the implementation of PPS, discharge FIM scores may be decreasing, but revisions to the FIM tool may confound interpretation of post-PPS findings. Data for discharge to noninstitutional settings after stroke rehabilitation were inconclusive pre-PPS. There may be indications that discharges to institutional settings are increasing post-PPS. CONCLUSIONS The impact of PPS on quality care indicators for inpatient stroke rehabilitation, trends for LOS, and trends for functional outcomes are insufficiently documented in the medical literature. Further research is needed to understand the influence of LOS on functional outcomes and discharge destination. More information is needed on post-PPS outcomes to substantiate the benefit of inpatient rehabilitation for individuals with stroke.
Optimization of Cbalcogenide Negative Curvature Fibers for CO 2 Laser Transmission

We study the geometry of chalcogenide negative curvature fibers with different numbers of tubes and different core diameters. We optimize the design of chalcogenide negative curvature fibers for CO 2 laser transmission.
Effects of Amide-Based modifiers on surface activation and devulcanization of rubber

Abstract This paper examines the mechanisms of interaction between two modifiers in asphalt binder: an amide-based bio-modifier, and natural rubber vulcanized by sulfur crosslinks. The amide-rich bio-modifier surface-activates the rubber, cleaving the disulfide bonds and leading to partial surface devulcanization. Computational modeling and laboratory experiments were used to evaluate the devulcanization mechanism and its effects. Results show that non-covalent interaction between the –NH2 site of the bio-modifier and the S–S crosslink of the rubber is stronger than with the C–S part of the rubber, which can potentially induce partial devulcanization. This phenomenon is reflected in the empirical results: a reduction in viscosity, due to devulcanization; and an increased resistance to fatigue, due to improved interaction between rubber and bitumen. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the surface devulcanization mechanism of rubber, in addition to insights into the complex devulcanization process happening inside a bio-modified mixture of rubber and asphalt binder. The results of this study help expand the knowledge of bio-modifiers and present a new approach for devulcanization.
Demand Variation Impact on Tightness of Convex Relaxation Approaches for the ACOPF Problem

This paper investigates the impact of the changes in the demand of power systems on the quality of the solution procured by the convex relaxation methods for the AC optimal power flow (ACOPF) problem. This investigation needs various measures to evaluate the tightness of the solution procured by the convex relaxation approaches. Therefore, three tightness measures are leveraged to illustrate the performance of convex relaxation methods under different demand scenarios. The main issue of convex relaxation methods is recovering an optimal solution which is not necessarily feasible for the original nonconvex problem in networks with cycles. Thus, a cycle measure is introduced to evaluate the performance of relaxation schemes. The presented case study investigates the merit of using various tightness measures to evaluate the performance of various relaxation methods under different circumstances.