cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proteinuria of B700, a 67 kD albumin-like melanoma-specific antigen.

B700 is a murine melanoma antigen that is closely related to, but distinct from, serum albumin. The present study examined the metabolic fate and anatomic distribution of radioiodinated B700 and mouse serum albumin (MSA) administered s.c. to mice. In blood, both proteins were associated with the plasma fraction where the halflife of B700, a glycoprotein, was 0.5 days, compared to 2.7 days for MSA. Of particular interest was the observation that B700, a 67 kD anionic protein, was excreted primarily in urine. The selective B700-proteinuria did not alter urinary volumes or produce hematuria or edema. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis using the H-2-3-3 B700-specific monoclonal antibody revealed that B700 proteinuria occurred in B-16 murine melanoma bearing animals but not in control mice. These studies demonstrate that the tumor-bearing host readily distinguishes between very similar normal protein (MSA) and tumor-associated antigen (B700) molecules and processes them differently.
The Electrochemical Behavior of P- and C-Doped Ni-16Cr-9Fe

Abstract High purity Ni-16Cr-9Fe alloys with controlled additions of P and C were annealed and heat-treated to produce all combinations of chromium carbide precipitation, chromium depletion, and phosphorus segregation at the grain boundary. Each alloy heat treatment was subjected to potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation. Polarization scans showed little difference between alloy heat treatments; the most pronounced was a higher critical current density in P-doped alloys. An electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test solution and method were developed to discriminate between varying degrees of chromium depletion while eliminating the problem of intragranular pitting. The total charge transferred during a reverse scan is not highly sensitive to the variation in Cr in the depleted zone. Dissolution models that are independent of and proportional to the Cr gradient in the depleted zone indicate that the threshold level of Cr below which grain boundaries are ...
Origin of bacterial variants.

NUMEROUS bacterial variants are known which will grow in environments unfavourable to the parent strain, and to explain their occurrence two conflicting hypotheses have been advanced. The first assumes that the particular environment produces the observed change in some of the bacteria exposed to it, whereas the second assumes that the variants arise spontaneously during growth under normal conditions, the part played by the adverse environment being purely selective. These are known respectively as the ‘adaptation’ and the spontaneous mutation hypothesis.
How international firms are coping with supply chain issues in China

Foreign firms face many supply chain‐related difficulties in China. These include China’s overburdened, underdeveloped physical infrastructure; inexpert, underfunded state‐owned distribution companies; an enormous, fragmented distribution and logistics sector; and regional protectionism. Additionally, foreign firms face bureaucratic restrictions that prohibit them from legally importing, selling, and servicing products in a straightforward manner. Companies are looking to strengthen their supply chains in China in an effort to leverage the country’s cheap labor costs. This strengthening of the supply chain can be accomplished through three methods: the cluster approach; the use of non‐Chinese 3PLs; and the use of local carriers.
Infection Risk Mitigation for Biofeedback Providers

Biofeedback providers necessarily make contact with patients or clients using sterile and nonsterile instruments and sensors. Many biofeedback providers lack the aseptic technique training that is common to licensed medical providers. This review familiarizes biofeedback providers with the essential principles and procedures of infection risk mitigation by touching on routes of disease transmission, disinfection, sanitization, and Spaulding classification. Basic suggestions for infection risk mitigation standards of practice are offered.
Virtual cell modelling and simulation software environment

The Virtual Cell (VCell; http://vcell.org/) is a problem solving environment, built on a central database, for analysis, modelling and simulation of cell biological processes. VCell integrates a growing range of molecular mechanisms, including reaction kinetics, diffusion, flow, membrane transport, lateral membrane diffusion and electrophysiology, and can associate these with geometries derived from experimental microscope images. It has been developed and deployed as a web-based, distributed, client-server system, with more than a thousand world-wide users. VCell provides a separation of layers (core technologies and abstractions) representing biological models, physical mechanisms, geometry, mathematical models and numerical methods. This separation clarifies the impact of modelling decisions, assumptions and approximations. The result is a physically consistent, mathematically rigorous, spatial modelling and simulation framework. Users create biological models and VCell will automatically (i) generate the appropriate mathematical encoding for running a simulation and (ii) generate and compile the appropriate computer code. Both deterministic and stochastic algorithms are supported for describing and running non-spatial simulations; a full partial differential equation solver using the finite volume numerical algorithm is available for reaction-diffusion-advection simulations in complex cell geometries including 3D geometries derived from microscope images. Using the VCell database, models and model components can be reused and updated, as well as privately shared among collaborating groups, or published. Exchange of models with other tools is possible via import/export of SBML, CellML and MatLab formats. Furthermore, curation of models is facilitated by external database binding mechanisms for unique identification of components and by standardised annotations compliant with the MIRIAM standard. VCell is now open source, with its native model encoding language (VCML) being a public specification, which stands as the basis for a new generation of more customised, experiment-centric modelling tools using a new plug-in based platform.
Factors that affect accuracy of α-fetoprotein test in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis

Background & Aims Measurements of α-fetoprotein (AFP) detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with low levels of sensitivity and specificity, and therefore are not recommended for use in liver cancer surveillance. However, AFP levels might accurately detect HCC in subgroups of patients. We performed a retrospective case-control study to identify features of patients with cirrhosis in whom levels of AFP correlated with HCC. Methods We collected data from patients with cirrhosis, with (n = 452) or without (n = 676) HCC, diagnosed at Parkland Hospital in Dallas, Texas, from January 2005 through June 2012. We determined sensitivities and specificities with which different levels of AFP identified those with HCC; multivariate logistic regression was used to associate accurate identification of HCC with patient features (age, sex, race/ethnicity, alcohol intake, smoking, etiology of cirrhosis, presence of decompensation, and laboratory test results). We assessed the overall accuracy of these factors in detecting HCC using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and the Delong method. We calculated levels of AFP that detect HCC with the highest levels of sensitivity and specificity in subgroups using receiver operator characteristic analysis. Results The most common etiologies of cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (60%) and alcohol induced (22%). Nearly 11% of patients were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. Levels of AFP greater than 20 ng/mL detected HCC with 70.1% sensitivity and 89.8% specificity. This AFP level identified patients with HCC with a c-statistic of 0.87 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.89); it was significantly more accurate in HCV-negative patients than in HCV-positive patients (c-statistic, 0.89 vs 0.83; P = .007). AFP levels of 59 ng/mL or greater most accurately detected HCC in patients with HCV-associated cirrhosis; levels of AFP of 11 ng/mL or greater accurately identified HCC in HCV-negative patients. The level of AFP identified early stage HCC with a c-statistic of 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.66), and had a significantly higher level of accuracy for HIV-positive patients than for HIV-negative patients (c-statistic, 0.81 vs 0.59; P Conclusions Based on a retrospective analysis of data from patients with cirrhosis, with or without HCC, AFP level most accurately detects HCC in patients without HCV infection. It detects HCC with a high level of accuracy in patients with cirrhosis and HIV infection.
REGULATION OF ENZYMES OF THE UREA CYCLE AND ARGININE METABOLISM

The urea cycle is comprised of five enzymes but also requires other enzymes and mitochondrial amino acid transporters to function fully. The complete urea cycle is expressed in liver and to a small degree also in enterocytes. However, highly regulated expression of several enzymes present in the urea cycle occurs also in many other tissues, where these enzymes are involved in synthesis of nitric oxide, polyamines, proline and glutamate. Glucagon, insulin, and glucocorticoids are major regulators of the expression of urea cycle enzymes in liver. In contrast, the "urea cycle" enzymes in nonhepatic cells are regulated by a wide range of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines and other agents. Regulation of these enzymes is largely transcriptional in virtually all cell types. This review emphasizes recent information regarding roles and regulation of urea cycle and arginine metabolic enzymes in liver and other cell types.
Fabrication of wafer-level thermocompression bonds

Thermocompression bonding of gold is a promising technique for achieving low temperature, wafer-level bonding. The fabrication process for wafer bonding at 300/spl deg/C via compressing gold under 7 MPa of pressure is described in detail. One of the issues encountered in the process development was e-beam source spitting, which resulted in micrometer diameter sized Au on the surfaces, and made bonding difficult. The problem was solved by inserting a tungsten liner to the graphite crucible. Surface segregation of Si on the Au surface at the bonding temperature was observed. Using Auger spectroscopy, a 1500 /spl Aring/ SiO/sub 2/ barrier layer was shown to be sufficient in preventing Si from reaching the surface. Lastly, a four-point bend delamination technique was used to quantify the bond toughness. The associated process steps that were required to prepare the test specimens are described. The critical strain energy release rate for the bonds ranged between 22 to 67 J/m/sup 2/ and was not shown to be strongly associated with the gold bond layer thickness in the thickness range studied (0.23 to 1.4 /spl mu/m).
Darwin, Dover, 'Intelligent Design' and textbooks.

ID (‘intelligent design’) is not science, but a form of creationism; both are very different from the simple theological proposition that a divine Creator is responsible for the natural patterns and processes of the Universe. Its current version maintains that a ‘Designer’ must intervene miraculously to accomplish certain natural scientific events. The verdict in the 2005 case Kitzmiller, et al. v. Dover School District, et al . (in Harrisburg, PA, U.S.A.) was a landmark of American jurisprudence that prohibited the teaching of ID as science, identified it as religiously based, and forbade long-refuted ‘criticisms of evolution’ from introduction into public school classes. Much of the science of the trial was based on biochemistry; biochemists and other scientists have several important opportunities to improve scientific literacy and science education in American public schools (‘state schools’) by working with teachers, curriculum developers and textbook writers.
Femtosecond laser blackening of metals

Using a femtosecond laser processing technique, we produce technologically important black metals (Au, W) and black Ti90/Al6/V4 alloy with absorptance of about 85–95% over a broad wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. From scanning electron microscopy we find that the enhanced absorption of the black metals is caused by a rich variety of nano- and microscale surface structures. The black metals produced in our study may find applications in photonics, plasmonics, stealth technology, airborne/spaceborne devices, broadband thermal radiation sources, solar energy absorbers, radiative heat transfer devices, thermophotovoltaics, and biomedicine.
POP-OP: A Shape Memory-Based Morphing Wall

Recent tendencies in architecture take a unique point of view, with aesthetically novel and unnatural sensibilities emerging from a close scrutiny and study of apparently natural systems. These tendencies are being driven by mathematical and computational abstractions that transform the way we understand the matterinformation relationship. This project was inspired by Op Art, a twentieth century art movement and style in which artists sought to create an impression of movement on an image surface by means of an optical illusion. Passive elements consisting of composite laminates were produced with the goal of creating lightweight, semi-rigid, and nearly transparent pieces. The incorporation of active materials comprised a unique aspect of this project: the investigation of surface movement through controlled and repeatable deformation of the composite structure using shape memory alloy (SMA) wiring technology. The integration of composite materials with SMA wiring and Arduino automation control resulted i...
State hospitals in the twenty-first century: A formulation

Readers are invited to evaluate the degree to which ideologies are influencing mental health planning and policy development activities in their own system.
A membrane protein preferentially expressed by a subpopulation of immature lymphoid cells, epidermal basal keratinocytes, and other epithelial cells

A murine monoclonal antibody, designated EL-1, was raised by immunization with a human malignant T cell line. It reacted specifically with a membrane antigen expressed on T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines, a subpopulation of normal thymocytes and bone marrow lymphocytes, lymphocytes from a subset of patients with non-B, non-T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and epithelial stern cells. The latter reactivity was especially striking in the skin, where only basal epidermal keratinocytes and epidermal appendages, including eccrine sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles, stained positively. A human epidermoid carcinoma cell line was also stained by EL-1. Suprabasilar keratinocytes and acellular keratin did not stain. However, in vitro proliferating fetal lung fibroblasts stained positively. Membrane immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the antigen recognized by antibody EL-1 is a single protein of molecular weight 105 kilodaltoris which did not change with exhaustive chemical reduction. Metabolic iadiolabeling studies demonstrated that this protein is synthesized by the cell and not merely taken up from the culture medium. This antibody can be useful in studying keratinocyte differentiation in epidermal malignancies and normal skin.
Statistics in Densitometry

Many physicians in clinical practice have not had formal training in statistics. A basic knowledge of certain aspects of statistics is essential for the physician densitometrist. Quality control procedures for the various machines require some statistical analyses. The computer-generated reports of bone density data include statistical devices such as T- and z-scores and confidence intervals. To interpret serial studies, the physician must understand the concept of precision and be able to calculate the precision of repeat measurements in his or her facility. These concepts and others are discussed in this chapter.
The impact of TCP-IP header compression on performance over satellite links

There are hardly any experimental results seen in support of the discussions on the impact of TCP-IP Van Jacobson header compression (VJHC) in harsh environments. This paper studies the impact of VJHC over geohop satellite channels based on realistic experiments using a test-bed. The results show that enabling VJHC would result in performance degradation in a high-BER environment and suggests that it is better to disable it when the transmission condition becomes harsh. In addition, TCP-IP with VJHC disabled is less sensitive to the increase of BER but is more sensitive to the decrease of acknowledgment channel-rate compared to TCP-IP with VJHC enabled. Considering many similarities between satellite and wireless environments when observed from the perspective of network protocols, the results are also expected to be useful in wireless community.
Seasonal and interannual variations of carbon and oxygen isotopes of respired CO2 in a tallgrass prairie: Measurements and modeling results from 3 years with contrasting water availability

[1] We made weekly measurements of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes of atmospheric CO2 in a C3/C4 tallgrass prairie during the growing season for 3 years with contrasting soil moisture conditions. Air samples above and within canopies were collected using 100-ml flasks at night to characterize isotopic composition of ecosystem respiration. We used a two-source mixing line (Keeling plot) approach to estimate isotope ratios of ecosystem respired CO2 for both carbon (δ13CR) and oxygen (δ18OR). Measured net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) showed the largest net carbon uptake in 2004, followed by 2003 and 2002. This interannual difference in NEE strongly depends on the amount and distribution of precipitation received by this tallgrass prairie. Precipitation also affects the timing of the seasonal transition from C3 dominance in spring to C4 dominance in summer. Variations of δ13CR showed that C4 plants dominated ecosystem respiration in 2003 and 2004, except in early spring when C3 plants were more active. In contrast, contributions of C3 plants were relatively higher for an extended period in the summer of 2002, when a severe drought occurred. Typically, C3 forbs extract water and nutrients from soil layers below that of the C4 grasses and remain photosynthetically active in periods when C4 grasses have water stress that limits photosynthesis. Drought-reduced C4 grass photosynthesis was lower than temperature-limited C3 forb growth during this period. We used an integrated isotope land surface model (ISOLSM) to simulate (and compare to measurements) net CO2 fluxes, δ18O values of leaf and soil water, and δ18O values of aboveground and soil respiration. The Keeling plot analysis becomes less reliable for estimating δ18OR values when the surface soil is dry. We suspect this is due to low CO2 production in the soil when water is limiting, in which case the invasion (abiotic) effect is more significant. ISOLSM reasonably captured seasonal variations of measured δ18OR in all 3 years, indicating the model's consistency of predicting δ18OR in different soil water conditions. Model simulations also showed that nighttime δ18O values of aboveground respiration were variable, often becoming very positive in water-stressed conditions primarily because of the low relative humidity and resultant elevated δ18O values of leaf water.
Novel Magnetic and Opto-Electronic Phenomena in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Multilayers

We begin by reviewing earlier work involving the epitaxial growth of diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) layers, heterostructures and superlattices. We also describe current efforts at introducing new materials – such as Cd1-xMnxSe – to the family of MBE-grown DMS alloys. We then discuss some of the unique properties of DMS materials that make the study of thin film structures attractive, with particular emphasis on two general aspects. First, we look at the new opportunities in magnetism that are provided by epitaxially grown DMS films. Second, we examine some of the novel phenomena made possible by sp-d exchange effects in the context of DMS quantum well structures.
Carbon nanotubes for coherent spintronics

Carbon nanotubes bridge the molecular and crystalline quantum worlds, and their extraordinary electronic, mechanical and optical properties have attracted enormous attention from a broad scientific community. We review the basic principles of fabricating spin-electronic devices based on individual, electrically-gated carbon nanotubes, and present experimental efforts to understand their electronic and nuclear spin degrees of freedom, which in the future may enable quantum applications.
Identification and RNA binding characterization of plant virus RNA silencing suppressor proteins

Suppression is a common mechanism employed by viruses to evade the antiviral effects of the host's RNA silencing pathway. The activity of suppression has commonly been localized to gene products in the virus, but the variety of mechanisms used in suppression by these viral proteins spans nearly the complete biochemical pathway of RNA silencing in the host. This review describes the agrofiltration assay and a slightly modified version of the agro-infiltration assay called co-infiltration, which are common methods used to observe RNA silencing and identify viral silencing suppressor proteins in plants, respectively. In addition, this review will provide an overview of two methods, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and fluorescence polarization, used to assess the binding of a suppressor protein to siRNA which has been shown to be a general mechanism to suppress RNA silencing by plant viruses.
Theodore William Richards: Apostle of Atomic Weights and Nobel Prize Winner in 1914

In recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements, T. W. Richards received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1914. His meticulous techniques resulted in "a degree of accuracy never before attained". This Essay follows Richards from his precocious youth to becoming a celebrated chemist and emphasizes his dedication to forseeing likely sources of error and how to avoid them.
Sick euthyroid syndrome is associated with decreased TR expression and DNA binding in mouse liver.

Infection is associated with low serum thyroid hormones and thyrotropin levels. Here we demonstrate that infection also reduces thyroid hormone receptor (TR) expression. In gel shift experiments, r...
Spectral requirements of wireless broadband networks for the airport surface

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is considering the use of the 5091–5150 megahertz (MHz) band for the future potential implementation of wireless broadband networks for the airport surface, denoted as Airport Network and Location Equipment (ANLE). These wireless broadband networks could be used to address the increasing demand for data transmissions in the airport environment.
Once-weekly fluconazole (150, 300, or 450 mg) in the treatment of distal subungual onychomycosis of the fingernail

Abstract Background: Onychomycosis is a prevalent infection of the nail caused primarily by dermatophytes. Fluconazole is active in vitro against the most common pathogens, penetrates into the nail bed, and is clinically effective in the treatment of a wide variety of fungal infections. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of oral fluconazole 150, 300, and 450 mg administered once weekly compared with placebo in the treatment of distal subungual onychomycosis of the fingernail caused by dermatophytes. Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolling 349 patients with onychomycosis of the fingernails. Clinical and mycologic efficacy as well as measures of safety were assessed monthly for a maximum of 9 months of treatment, with additional safety visits occurring at weeks 2 and 6. For inclusion, patients were required to have clinically and mycologically documented onychomycosis of the fingernail caused by dermatophytes with at least 25% involvement of the target fingernail. After end of therapy, patients with improved or cured fingernails entered a blinded 6-month follow-up without drug treatment during which efficacy was assessed every 2 months. Efficacy was assessed by clinical (visual) and mycologic (microscopic and culture) measures. Clinical measures included assessments of the percentage of target nail involvement, measurement of the distance from the nail fold to the proximal onychomycotic border, and signs and symptoms of onychomycosis. Results: Fluconazole was significantly superior to placebo in eradicating clinical and mycologic symptoms of onychomycosis, both at the end of active treatment and at 6 months after treatment ( p = 0.0001 for all efficacy measures). At the end of therapy, 91% to 100% of patients in the fluconazole groups were judged clinical successes, defined as reduction of the affected area of the target nail to less than 25% or cure, compared with 8% for placebo. Clinical cure rates at end of therapy were 76%, 85%, and 90% for fluconazole 150, 300, and 450 mg, respectively, compared with 3% for placebo. These clinical success and cure rates were largely maintained or improved during follow-up. Clinical relapse in cured patients during the follow-up period was very low (1.5% to 3.3%). Fluconazole demonstrated mycologic eradication rates of 89% to 100% at the end of treatment and 90% to 99% at the end of follow-up; for placebo the rates were 8% and 12%, respectively. Conclusion: Fluconazole administered once weekly is safe and effective in eradicating distal subungual onychomycosis of the fingernail caused by dermatophytes. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:S87-94.)
Synthesis, transport and magnetic properties of Ba-Co-Ge clathrates

Ba-Co-Ge intermetallic clathrates were synthesized in both type-I and chiral-type crystal structures to investigate thermoelectric and physical properties. Seebeck coefficients, thermal conductivities, electrical resistivities, and Hall coefficients were measured, as well as specific heat and magnetic susceptibility. Type-I Ba8Co x Ge46−y was formed with a large number of spontaneous vacancies, similar to a Zintl condition, but without the vacancy ordered superstructure of Ba8Ge43. However, the vacancies for this composition do not moderate the carrier density as expected from Zintl electron balancing. Instead, the physical properties point to a complex Fermi surface property with a large effective carrier density, a behavior consistent with other materials close to Ba8Ge43. In the case of chiral samples, Co substitution strongly suppresses the temperature of only the lower of the two structural transformations. Susceptibility and specific heat measurements, coupled with the measured transport properties, demonstrate that the electron densities of states near the Fermi energy change very little in the transformations, a significant reduction in the effect of these transitions compared to the case of unsubstituted Ba8Ge25.
Military service and marital dissolution: a trajectory analysis

Military service adds additional challenges for married couples. Previous literature on service and marital stability is comprised of mixed results and has often ignored the timing of these effects. This timing is important as it helps disclose the nature of causality and has implications for both military and social security policies. Using a trajectory specification, I estimate the effect of military service on the likelihood of divorce during the volunteer’s period of service and the years following. Two veteran cohorts are examined, those who served during the early twenty-first century wars and those who served during the early 1980s. Among my results, the former cohort is shown to have had their divorce probability increased in the first 2 years post-service, while the opposite effect is found for the latter cohort. Unlike many previous studies of military service and marital stability, I find that effects are not overly dissimilar across racial groups.
Prices as Indicative of Competition Among Retail Food Stores

OMPETITION among retail food stories is a complex and dynamic phenomenon. Assessing this competition requires a study of both price and non-price factors. The price aspect is complicated by the large number of items usually carried1 and the interrelationships of demand among many of them. Among the non-price factors is the unlimited opportunity for product differentiation in terms of location, brands carried, services offered, the personality of the manager, the layout, decorations, and atmosphere of each store. There is a need for a better understanding of retailing functions and the kind of competition retail stores face and create. The margin taken by retailing is usually larger than that of any other single marketing agency. This margin is to some extent determined by the level of competition existing in specific markets, yet there is little data, or few studies, available to assist in judging that competition. The object of this paper is to evaluate the use of uniform prices among outlets in a market as a means of judging the level of competition existing and to relate the implications to merchandising and marketing research. It will be shown why retail prices are more variable than prices for the entire market baskets offered by retail stores, and why such retail prices are more variable than wholesale prices. It is hypothesized that because of institutional factors, competition for one item is much more restricted in multiple-product markets than in single-product markets. Farm and wholesale markets are usually single-product markets whereas retail markets are usually multiple-product markets. Hence the characteristics and objectives of the buyers in these two types of markets may be quite different. Retail food stores are the most important type of multipleproduct market in which each commodity is considered as part of a group rather than individually.
Integrating Design Methodology, Thermal Sciences, and Customer Needs to Address Challenges in the Hair Care Industry

Although the hair care industry is a multi-billion dollar industry, there still remains a dearth in the available technologies and research methods to answer one simple question: What temperature and frequency of use will lead to permanent structural damage (i.e. heat damage) to curly hair? Currently, trained professionals in the hair industry cannot predict when heat damage will occur and often rely on heuristics and intuition in their hair care approaches. In addition, scientists that have conducted studies with heat and hair have often used European hair types, which cannot be generalized to all ethnic groups; they have also conducted experiments that are not ecologically consistent with individuals’ use context. As a result, a number of lay scientists have emerged whose use contexts are ecologically valid, but are lacking the experimental and quantitative rigor that engineers can provide. In this work, we discuss an interdisciplinary approach to integrating customer needs, design methodology, and thermal sciences for application to the hair care industry. We discuss the formulation of a predictive model, the design of an experimental test-bed for collecting data, and present initial results.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Stimulation of p85/RING3 kinase in multiple organs after systemic administration of mitogens into mice

Stimulation of p85/RING3 kinase in multiple organs after systemic administration of mitogens into mice
Three-Dimensional Force Measurements During Rapid Palatal Expansion in Sus scrofa

Rapid palatal expansion is an orthodontic procedure widely used to correct the maxillary arch. However, its outcome is significantly influenced by factors that show a high degree of variability amongst patients. The traditional treatment methodology is based on an intuitive and heuristic treatment approach because the forces applied in the three dimensions are indeterminate. To enable optimal and individualized treatment, it is essential to measure the three-dimensional (3D) forces and displacements created by the expander. This paper proposes a method for performing these 3D measurements using a single embedded strain sensor, combining experimental measurements of strain in the palatal expander with 3D finite element analysis (FEA). The method is demonstrated using the maxillary jaw from a freshly euthanized pig (Sus scrofa) and a hyrax-design rapid palatal expander (RPE) appliance with integrated strain gage. The strain gage measurements are recorded using a computer interface, following which the expansion forces and extent of expansion are estimated by FEA. A total activation of 2.0 mm results in peak total force of about 100 N—almost entirely along the direction of expansion. The results also indicate that more than 85% of the input activation is immediately transferred to the palate and/or teeth. These studies demonstrate a method for assessing and individualizing expansion magnitudes and forces during orthopedic expansion of the maxilla. This provides the basis for further development of smart orthodontic appliances that provide real-time readouts of forces and movements, which will allow personalized, optimal treatment.
DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF A MICROCOMPUTER-BASED PORTABLE ARRHYTHMIA MONITOR.

The design of a portable, battery-operated microcomputer-based monitor for ambulatory ECG recording and analysis is described. Designed for real-time cardiac arrhythmia analysis, it is suitable for use on ambulator, patients for several weeks, and is about the size and weight of a Holter recorder. The device differs from a Holter recorder in that is does not store normal complexes but recognises and alarms on significant arrhythmias. It sotres 16 s of the arrhythmic event, which it can transmit by telephone to a central receiving station for immediate appraisal by a cardiologist. The monitor uses a CMOS microcomputer and has 2kbytes of program memory and 2kbytes of data memory. The arrhythmia monitor program recognises tachycardia, bradycardia, asystole, dropped beats, and PVCs. The alarm limits are physician programmable. The performance of the monitor was evaluated with standard annotated ECG tapes provided by MIT/BIH. This device should be useful for applications such as antiarrhythmic drug studies, for pacemaker and postsurgery evaluations, and for detecting premonitory as well as life-threatening arrhythmias.
Efficient Computation of Observation Impact in 4D-Var Data Assimilation

Data assimilation combines information from an imperfect model, sparse and noisy observations, and error statistics, to produce a best estimate of the state of a physical system. Different observational data points have different contributions to reducing the uncertainty with which the state is estimated. Quantifying the observation impact is important for analyzing the effectiveness of the assimilation system, for data pruning, and for designing future sensor networks. This paper is concerned with quantifying observation impact in the context of four dimensional variational data assimilation. The main computational challenge is posed by the solution of linear systems, where the system matrix is the Hessian of the variational cost function. This work discusses iterative strategies to efficiently solve this system and compute observation impacts.
Hypomelanosis of Ito

The neurological complications in 34 Spanish children with hypomelanosis of Ito are described from the Paediatric Neurology Service, Hospital Infantil La Paz, and La Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.
Pediatric vascular injuries: Are we preparing trainees appropriately to meet our needs?

Abstract Background There is no required competency for pediatric vascular injury in surgical training. We sought to describe changes over time for surgical specialists operating on pediatric vascular trauma injuries at a pediatric trauma center. Methods Charts were retrospectively reviewed for vascular trauma injuries at a freestanding children's hospital between 1993 and 2015. Data were collected on mechanism, injured vessel(s), operation(s) performed, and specialists performing operation. Surgical specialists were compared over time. Results Ninety-four patients (median age=12) underwent 101 pediatric vascular trauma operations. There were significant differences in frequency of types of operations (primary repairs, graft repairs, and ligations) performed by pediatric, vascular, and orthopedic surgeons ( P Conclusions Various surgical specialists manage pediatric vascular trauma. With expansion of integrated residency programs, surgical specialists managing these patients in the future should be trained in both pediatric and vascular surgery.
Migrating Existing Applications to the Cloud

Although not a new technology, the combination of parallel computing and cloud environments can offer a number of benefits for many types of applications if the cost of application modifications combined with the costs of configuration and maintenance of the environment can be justified. This case study explores the use of cloud computing to provide a flexible deployment environment in which to run a migrated existing application using one of the popular parallel computing frameworks, Hadoop. To this end, we have documented the migration of a text-mining application, acting as a proxy for any existing application, through a number of stages progressing towards deployment in a cloud environment.
Abstract 13456: Screening for Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis Using 99mTc-Pyrophosphate Scintigraphy in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background: Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is an increasingly recognized cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (EF). Bone scintigraphy has emerged as a non-invasive i...
Contrasting post-settlement selection results in many-to-one mapping of high performance phenotypes in the Hawaiian waterfall-climbing goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni

Natural selection drives adaptive evolution, but contrasting environmental pressures may lead to trade-offs between phenotypes that confer different performances. Such trade-offs may weaken the strength of selection and/or generate complex fitness surfaces with multiple local optima that correspond to different selection regimes. We evaluated how differences in patterns of phenotypic selection might promote morphological differences between subpopulations of the amphidromous Hawaiian waterfall-climbing goby, Sicyopterus stimpsoni. We conducted laboratory experiments on fish from the islands of Kaua‘i and Hawai‘i (the “Big Island”) to compare patterns of linear and nonlinear selection, and the opportunity for selection, that result from two contrasting pressures, predator evasion and waterfall climbing, which vary in intensity between islands. We found directional and nonlinear selection were strongest when individuals were exposed to their primary selective pressures (predator evasion on Kaua‘i, waterfall climbing on the Big Island). However, the opportunity for selection was greater for the non-primary pressure: climbing on Kaua‘i, predator evasion on the Big Island. Canonical rotation of the nonlinear gamma matrix demonstrated that individuals from Kaua‘i and the Big Island occupy regions near their local fitness peaks for some traits. Therefore, selection for predator evasion on Kaua‘i and climbing on the Big Island may be less effective in promoting morphological changes in this species, because variation of functionally important traits in their respective environments may have been reduced by directional or stabilizing selection. These results demonstrate that despite constraints on the opportunities for selection, population differences in phenotypic traits can arise due to differences in selective regimes. For S. stimpsoni, sufficient variation exists in other locomotor traits, allowing for necessary levels of performance in the contrasting selective regime (i.e., climbing on Kaua‘i and predator evasion on the Big Island) through many-to-one-mapping, which may be essential for the survival of local populations in an evanescent island environment.
Mechanisms and Origins of Selectivities of the Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Diels–Alder Reactions between Arylallenes and Acrylates

The mechanisms of recently reported Lewis acid-catalyzed Diels–Alder reactions of arylallenes and acrylates were studied using density functional theory calculations. A stepwise mechanism involving short-lived zwitterion intermediates is established. The reaction is endo-selective in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition is not observed because of the greater charge separation in the first step of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition. The origins of chirality transfer in the Diels–Alder reaction using chiral arylallenes are uncovered, and the absolute stereochemistry of the product is predicted.
Exploring big volume sensor data with vroom

State of the art sensors within a single autonomous vehicle (AV) can produce video and LIDAR data at rates greater than 30 GB/hour. Unsurprisingly, even small AV research teams can accumulate tens of terabytes of sensor data from multiple trips and multiple vehicles. AV practitioners would like to extract information about specific locations or specific situations for further study, but are often unable to. Queries over AV sensor data are different from generic analytics or spatial queries because they demand reasoning about fields of view as well as heavy computation to extract features from scenes. In this article and demo we present Vroom, a system for ad-hoc queries over AV sensor databases. Vroom combines domain specific properties of AV datasets with selective indexing and multi-query optimization to address challenges posed by AV sensor data.
Jean Piaget’s Views on the Psychology of Language and Thought

This chapter is in some ways, different in structure from others. To begin with, it is written in two parts. The first is a presentation by Piaget of his central theme. The second consists of an elaboration of this theme, in response to questions which was developed in collaboration, Piaget treats the problem of the relationships between language and thought from a central point of view, specifically the role of empirical experiments in the context of the relationship between psychology and linguistics.
The FCC Tackles Net Neutrality: Agency Jurisdiction and the Comcast Order

The Internet' has rapidly become an important source of communication, productivity, and entertainment for many Americans. Nearly seventyfive percent of Americans have access to the Internet in their homes, most utilizing a high-speed broadband connection.^ A connection to tbe Internet typically requires a subscription with an Internet Service Provider (ISP), which becomes the customer's sole gateway to the online world."* A lively debate has arisen regarding the extent to which consumers' access to the Internet should be manipulated by ISPs.^ These arguments have raged for several years now, housed under the "net neutrality" debate. The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) recently entered the fray, exercising its authority in direct furtherance of net neutrality-related goals
Prostacyclin expression by a continuous human cell line derived from vascular endothelium.

Prostacyclin is primarily an endothelial cell product. It contributes to the important role of endothelium in maintaining the fluidity of blood by inhibiting platelet aggregation and by promoting vasodilation. Endothelial cells in culture tend to senesce, and the level of prostacyclin expression decreases. A permanent human cell line, EA.hy 926, derived from a fusion of primary endothelial cells with cells of a less differentiated line, has been found to sustain basal and stimulated levels of prostacyclin synthesis.
Gender perception influences speech processing

This work addresses the way in which gender-coded expectations, based on cultural assumptions, affect one of the so-called very lowest levels of cognitive processing, the basic auditory processing of speech. Through a set of speech perception experiments, this work explores the effect of gender stereotypes on speech perception, as well as the relationship between gender stereotypes for faces and audiovisual integration in speech perception.
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery by Means of Monotone Boolean Functions

In all previous discussions the problem was how to infer a general Boolean function based on some training examples. Such a Boolean function can be completely inferred if all possible binary examples (states) in the space of the attributes are used for training. Thus, one may never be 100% certain about the validity of the inferred knowledge when the number of training examples is less than 2 n . The situation is different, however, if one deals with the inference of systems that exhibit monotonic behavior. The developments presented in this chapter are based on the award-winning doctoral work of Vetle I. Torvik and in particular on the research results first published in [ Torvik and Triantaphyllou, 2002; 2003; 2004; 2006].
Operationalizing information literacy and technology in a general education computer science course

There exists an on-going challenge facing academic institutions to design appropriate experiences and measures to ensure that all graduates have the necessary information and technology skills. In this paper we outline the effort of the computer information sciences department at our institution in meeting this challenge. We review literature on this topic and identify what other universities and colleges have implemented. We then detail the learning outcomes and the assessment rubrics of a new course we propose. Finally, we discuss future work and challenges the new course faces.
Evolutionary Factor Analysis in Analytical Spectroscopy

Factor analysis (FA) is a computational tool for solving multidimensional problems which has found increasing importance in analytical spectroscopy.(1) Abstract factor analysis (AFA) reveals the number of spectroscopically visible components in a series of related mixtures containing the same components but in varying proportions.(1–3) Target factor analysis (TFA) verifies the presence or absence of suspected components.(1,4,5) Rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA)(6,7) allows quantification of a particular component without recourse to any knowledge of the other components.
TOURAJ DARYAEE. SASANIAN IRAN (224-651 CE)

Touraj Daryaee. Sasanian Iran (224-651 CE). Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2008, xxiii + 140p., ISBN 978-1-56859-169-8.
MobileFindr: Function Similarity Identification for Reversing Mobile Binaries

Identifying binary code at function level has been applied to a broad range of software security applications and reverse engineering tasks, including patch analysis, vulnerability assessment, code plagiarism detection, malware analysis, etc. However, various anti-reverse engineering techniques (e.g., obfuscation, anti-emulator, etc.) employed by the mobile apps make existing approaches ineffective when performing function identification. In this paper, we propose MobileFindr, an on-device trace-based function similarity identification framework on the mobile platform. MobileFindr runs on real mobile devices and mitigates many prevalent anti-reversing techniques by extracting function execution behaviors via dynamic instrumentation, then characterizing functions with collected behaviors and performing function matching via distance calculation. We have evaluated MobileFindr using real-world top-ranked mobile frameworks and applications. The experimental results showed that MobileFindr outperforms existing state-of-the-art tools in terms of better obfuscation resilience and accuracy.