cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Sexual Fantasies in Psychiatric Inpatients With Mood and Psychotic Disorders and Comorbid Personality Disorder Traits.

Abstract Introduction Sexuality is an important aspect of quality of life and sexual fantasies comprise a normal part of human sexuality. However, the nature of sexuality and sexual fantasies of patients with mental illness remains an understudied area. Aim To investigate the nature and frequency of sexual fantasies in psychiatric patients, the present study compared the frequency of four types of sexual fantasies across four different mood and psychotic diagnoses and three personality disorder clusters. Methods Study participants included 133 psychiatric inpatients recruited from an urban hospital. Sexual fantasies were compared across patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, major depressive disorder and three nonclinical samples from the literature and then correlated with personality cluster scores. Main Outcome Measures Subjects were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for Axis I and for Axis II Disorders. Sexual fantasies were assessed by the Wilson Sexual Fantasies Questionnaire, which measures four types of sexual fantasies (exploratory, intimate, impersonal, and sadomasochistic). Results Within the entire sample, there were significant differences across sexual fantasy types, with subjects scoring highest on intimate sexual fantasies and then exploratory, impersonal, and sadomasochistic. There were no significant differences across mood and psychotic diagnostic groups for any of the sexual fantasy scales and the scores were within the normative range of nonclinical samples. Patients with high cluster B scores scored significantly higher on all four fantasy scales than those without. Patients with high cluster A scores scored lower on intimate fantasies, but there was no association between cluster C scores and sexual fantasies. The association between cluster B and sexual fantasies remained consistent across Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for Axis I diagnoses (no interaction effect). Conclusion Patients with severe mental illness report sexual fantasies that are largely affiliative in nature and consistent with normative patterns. This suggests that assessment and treatment of sexual issues in the mentally ill should be part of the clinical routine as it is in healthy individuals.
Immunopathology of equine infectious anemia.

Horses have been inoculated with the virus of equine infectious anemia (EIA) and the pathogenesis of the lesions investigated. The virus initiates a series of events that culminate in the immunologic destruction of erythrocytes with resultant anemia. Glomerular deposition of gamma globulin and C3 (possibly as antigen- antibody complexes) causes the glomerular alterations in the disease. The hepatic lesions may be due to immunologic events, but definite proof is lacking. Hypergammaglobulinemia composed of a mixture of immunoglobulin classes occurs, as does a decline of circulating C3, in active disease. These findings indicate that infection with EIA virus causes a variety of changes in multiple organ systems, many of which are immunologically mediated.
Pleiotropic upregulation of Na(+)-dependent cotransporters by retinoic acid in opossum kidney cells.

All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is a regulator of cellular growth and differentiation. We investigated whether atRA can upregulate Na(+)-dependent cotransporters in opossum kidney (OK) cells and thu...
SU-F-J-106: Dose Adaptation with a Virtual 6D Couch for Frameless Brain Radiosurgery Via a Dedicated Gamma-Ray Device

Purpose: The couch for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKSRS) is limited to translational movements. With frameless designs, patient positional rotations may become an important factor. Therefore, we investigated the effect of rotations for GKSRS and the ability to correct for these rotations with simple couch translations. Methods: Seven previously treated GKSRS patients with different disease types (tumor volumes 0.01–12cc) were selected for this study. The planning MRI images were processed in order to digitally rotate the stereotactic frame (Leksell G-frame) to ±1, ±2, ±3, ±5, and ±10-degrees in the transverse plane from the nominal position. These images were imported back into the clinical planning system (LGP 10.2) and dose from the original treatment plan was calculated with these rotational errors. Translation corrections for each shot based on the rotation transform matrix were applied to the plan and coverage and Paddick conformity index (PCI) were evaluated for the uncorrected and corrected plans. Results: The rotational errors resulted in large decreases in plan coverage, with some small tumors being missed completely with rotations of ±3-degrees or more. The rotated plans resulted in an average (range) decreased coverage of 8% (0–33%), 28% (0–87%), 43% (0–100%), 57% (0–100%), and 72% (5–100%) for ±1, ±2, ±3, ±5, and ±10-degrees, respectively. For the corrected plans, the average (range) decrease in coverage was only 1% (0–4%), even for the rotations of ±10-degrees. The PCI differences improved as well, with the rotated plans resulting in decreased PCI of 2% (0–11%), 13% (0–32%), 22% (0–50%), 31% (1–56%), 42% (4–67%) for ±1, ±2, ±3, ±5, and ±10-degrees, respectively, which improved to 1% for all of the corrected plans with a range from 5% decrease to 13% increase in PCI. Conclusion: The applications of simple 3D couch translations were successful in recovering rotation uncertainties up to ±10-degrees for frameless GKSRS.
Tuning Color, Contrast, and Redox Stability in High Gap Cathodically Coloring Electrochromic Polymers

The design of high bandgap electrochromic polymers (ECPs) that switch from a high energy absorbing colored state to a near-IR absorbing colorless state requires a challenging balance to be struck between achieving large changes in the absorption profile while maintaining sufficiently low oxidation potentials for use in full-color electrochromic devices. Previous studies on high bandgap ECPs have investigated structure–property relationships in dioxythiophenes copolymerized with various arylenes. Here, we expand this understanding by looking more closely at the effect of the dioxythiophene moiety as well as by varying the substituents on the arylene moiety. Three ECPs have been synthesized to perform this study with repeat units composed of electron-rich dimethoxyphenylene in alternation with dimers of 3,4-dialkoxy- and 3,4-propylenedioxythiophenes, yielding high gap polymers that are vibrant yellow or orange in the charge neutral state. Comparing these newly synthesized polymers to a structurally similar ...
Rest-activity patterns and falls and fractures in older men.

Dysregulated rest-activity rhythm (RAR) patterns have been associated with several health conditions in older adults. This study showed that later acrophase was associated with a modestly greater risk of falls but not fractures in elderly men. Associations between dysregulated RAR patterns and osteoporosis risk warrant further investigation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between rest-activity rhythm (RAR) patterns and risk of falls/fractures in older men. We hypothesized that dysregulated RAR would be associated with incident falls/fractures. We used wrist-worn actigraphy to measure RAR over 4.8 ± 0.8 24-h periods in men (≥67 years) enrolled in the multicenter Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Men (MrOS Sleep) Study (n = 3001). Men were contacted every 4 months to report occurrence of falls/fractures. RAR parameters included amplitude (difference between peak and nadir activity in counts/minute), mesor (activity counts/minute), acrophase (time of day of peak activity), and pseudo-F statistic (rhythm robustness) and were evaluated as continuous variables with associations reported per SD increase/decrease in models adjusted for confounders. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood (odds ratio, OR) of recurrent falls in the year after the visit. Proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk (hazard ratio, HR) of fractures. One year after the visit, 417 men (14%) had recurrent (≥2) falls. Later acrophase (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.32) was associated with a modestly greater likelihood of falls. In 8.6 years (SD 2.6 years) of >97% complete follow-up, 256 men (8.53%) had a major osteoporotic fracture, 85 (2.8%) had a clinical spine fracture, and 110 (3.7%) had a hip fracture. No consistent, significant associations were observed between RAR patterns and fractures. Later acrophase was associated with a modestly greater risk of falls; this association did not translate into a higher fracture risk in this cohort of elderly men.
Development of robot operating system (ROS) compatible open source quadcopter flight controller and interface

Quadcopters make up the bulk of research in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The lack of a fully open source quadcopter restricts the reproducibility and collaboration of practical research within the UAV community. This work focuses on creating a prototype quadcopter built upon hardware and software readily available and open sourced which can be extended and modified to place on any other quadcopter without constraints in size or complexity. The verification of the working quadcopter is a stable flight test with successful take-off and landing sequences.
Emission of greenhouse gases and soil carbon sequestration in a riparian marsh wetland in central Ohio

Wetlands are a C sink, but they also account for a large natural source of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly methane (CH4). Soils of wetlands play an important role in alleviating the global climate change regardless of the emission of CH4. However, there are uncertainties about the amount of C stored and emitted from wetlands because of the site specific factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted in a temperate riverine flow-through wetland, part of which was covered with emerging macrophyte Typhus latifolia in central Ohio, USA, with the objective to assess emissions of GHGs (CH4, CO2, N2O) and measure C and nitrogen (N) stocks in wetland soil in comparison to a reference upland site. The data revealed that CH4 emission from the open and vegetated wetland ranged from 1.03–0.51 Mg C/ha/y and that of CO2 varied from 1.26–1.51 Mg C/ha/y. In comparison, CH4 emission from reference upland site was negligible (0.01 Mg C/ha/y), but CO2 emission was much higher (3.24 Mg C/ha/y). The stock of C in wetland soil was 85 to 125 Mg C/ha up to 0.3 m depth. The average rate of emission was 2.15 Mg C/ha/y, but the rate of sequestration was calculated as 5.55 Mg C/ha/y. Thus, the wetland was actually a C sink. Emission of N2O was slightly higher in vegetated wetland (0.153 mg N2O-N/m2/h) than the open wetland and the reference site (0.129 mg N2O-N/m2/h). Effect of temperature on emission of GHGs from the systems was also studied.
Comparison Between Different PET and CT-Based Imaging Interpretation Criteria at Interim Imaging in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of interim PET (iPET) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) using 5 different imaging interpretation criteria: Deauville 5-point scale criteria, International Harmonization Project (IHP) criteria, Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) 1.0. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed records from 38 patients with DLBCL who underwent baseline and iPET at our institution. Imaging was interpreted according to the previously mentioned criteria. Results were correlated with end-of-treatment response, based on reports at the end of treatment radiological examinations, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) to assess and compare the predictive value of iPET according to each criterion. We also evaluated the concordance between different criteria. RESULTS The Deauville and PERCIST criteria were the most reliable for predicting end-of-treatment response, reporting an accuracy of 81.6%. They also correlated with OS and PFS (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0001, and P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0002, for Deauville and PERCIST, respectively). Interim PET according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer also predicted the end-of-treatment response with an accuracy of 73.7% and had a significant correlation with OS (P = 0.007) and PFS (P = 0.007). In contrast, the IHP criteria and RECIST did not predict outcomes: the accuracy for end-of-treatment response was 34.2% and 36.8%, respectively, with no significant correlation with OS or PFS (P = 0.182 and P = 0.357, and P = 0.341 and P = 0.215, for OS and PFS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The predictive value of iPET in DLBCL patients is most reliable using the Deauville and PERCIST criteria. Criteria that rely on anatomical characteristics, namely, RECIST and IHP criteria, are less accurate in predicting patient outcomes in DLBCL.
Onset of phase separation in the double perovskite oxide La 2 MnNiO 6

Identification of kinetic and thermodynamic factors that control crystal nucleation and growth represents a central challenge in materials synthesis. Here we report that apparently defect-free growth of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{MnNiO}}_{6}$ (LMNO) thin films supported on ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (STO) proceeds up to 1--5 nm, after which it is disrupted by precipitation of NiO phases. Local geometric phase analysis and ensemble-averaged x-ray reciprocal space mapping show no change in the film strain away from the interface, indicating that mechanisms other than strain relaxation induce the formation of the NiO phases. Ab initio simulations suggest that the electrostatic potential build-up associated with the polarity mismatch at the film-substrate interface promotes the formation of oxygen vacancies with increasing thickness. In turn, oxygen deficiency promotes the formation of Ni-rich regions, which points to the built-in potential as an additional factor that contributes to the NiO precipitation mechanisms. These results suggest that the precipitate-free region could be extended further by either incorporating dopants that suppress the built-in potential or by increasing the oxygen fugacity in order to suppress the formation of oxygen vacancies.
The function of ultrasonic vocalizations during territorial defence by pair-bonded male and female California mice

Acoustic communication is vital to complex social behaviours such as territorial defence. The use of ultrasonic vocalizations, particularly in territorial defence by monogamous species and females, remains understudied. We studied ultrasonic vocalization production and associated aggression in the monogamous, biparental and territorial California mouse, Peromyscus californicus, in which both males and females were found to display similar levels of physical aggression against same-sex intruders. We identified specific ultrasonic vocalization calls that are modulated based on social context: (1) sustained vocalizations, which are long, low-bandwidth calls ranging from 22 to 25 kHz, and (2) barks, which are short, high-intensity calls beginning and ending in the audible range. Despite similarities in physical aggression, sex differences emerged in vocal communication. Only resident males, and not females, produced sustained vocalizations prior to the onset of physical aggression, and were found to shorten the duration of individual sustained vocalization calls over both the course of the pre-encounter phase and from the pre-encounter to encounter phase. In addition, the degree of sustained vocalization shortening in males predicted offensive aggression of the resident. Males exhibited shorter sustained vocalization calls during encounters than females. Barks occurred more frequently during female–female physical aggression than in male–male encounters, and correlated highly with defensive aggression by intruders. Finally, a newly identified highly complex call, sweep phrases, was recorded in a subset of both sexes in the pre- and post-encounter phases. The overall results indicate that ultrasonic vocalizations may play an important role in territorial defence during both territorial advertisement and aggression in a monogamous rodent. Overall, this monogamous species showed sex similarities in physical aggression but sex differences in vocal communication and a more sophisticated function for sustained vocalizations than previously recognized.
The Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analyses With a National Sample of Victim Advocates.

Secondary traumatic stress (STS) is a pattern of psychological symptoms that approximates the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and occurs in professionals who are exposed to individuals who have experienced trauma. While victim advocates are frontline health professionals who are trained to support victims of crime and interpersonal violence and are at risk for developing STS, they have been largely neglected in the extant literature on STS. The STS Scale (STSS) is a 17-item self-report questionnaire utilized to assess frequency of symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, and arousal, specifically related to providing services to victims of trauma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the STSS with a sample of victim advocates (N = 135) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results indicated that both a single-factor model and three-factor model were equivalent. This study represents a first attempt to validate a measure of STS among victim advocates, a ...
Bilateral multifocal retinal pigment epithelium detachments associated with systemic corticosteroids.

PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), presenting as bilateral and multifocal isolated serous retinal pigment epithelium detachments (RPEDs) following corticosteroid treatment. METHODS: An otherwise healthy 39-year-old man was evaluated for visual loss following blunt trauma of his right eye (RE). The patient underwent complete bilateral ophthalmologic examination, including optical coherence tomography and fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). RESULTS: At presentation, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 in the RE and 200/200 in the left eye (LE). Treatment included topical and oral corticosteroids. Three days later, the patient complained of metamorphopsia and further decrease in the VA of his RE. Fundus examination showed bilateral serous RPEDs. Optical coherence tomography, FA, and ICGA confirmed the diagnosis. Topical and oral corticosteroids were stopped and a follow-up examination 5 days later demonstrated marked resolution of the RPEDs in the RE. Five weeks later, RPEDs regressed in the RE while they persisted in the asymptomatic LE. Visual acuity in the RE further improved to 120/200. Nine months after the first visit, BCVA in the RE was 200/200. At that time, both eyes demonstrated retinal pigment epitheliopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Central serous chorioretinopathy is a known complication of corticosteroids. The classic variant of CSC consists of a shallow neuroretinal detachment located at the posterior pole of the fundus. Bilateral and multifocal isolated serous RPEDs represent an atypical form of CSC.
First-principles study of the angular dependence of the spin-orbit torque in Pt/Co and Pd/Co bilayers

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced by spin Hall and interfacial effects in heavy-metal (HM)/ferromagnetic (FM) bilayers has recently been employed to switch the magnetization direction using in-plane current injection. In this paper, using the Keldysh Green's function approach and first-principles electronic structure calculations we determine the fieldlike (FL) and dampinglike (DL) components of the SOT for the HM/Co ($\text{HM}=\text{Pt},\text{Pd}$) bilayers. Our approach yields the angular dependence of both the FL- and DL-SOT on the magnetization direction without assuming a priori their angular form. Decomposition of the SOT into the Fermi sea and Fermi surface contributions reveals that the SOT is dominated by the latter. Due to the large lattice mismatch between the Co and the HM we have also determined the effect of tensile biaxial strain on both the FL- and DL-SOT components. The calculated dependence of FL- and DL-SOT on the HM thickness is overall in good agreement with experiment. The dependence of the SOT with the position of the Fermi level suggests that the DL-SOT is dominated by the spin Hall effect of the bulk HM.
Entitled urbanism: Elite informality and the reimagining of a planned modern city:

This article traces a history of an elite yet informal neighbourhood of Bani Gala in the planned modern city of Islamabad in Pakistan. By focusing on the role of elite homebuilders in the informal ...
Optical Properties of Early-Type Galaxies

We review the systematics of optical properties of elliptical and dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The scaling laws and correlations among the global properties of these systems can be used to deduce some information about their formation. Both dissipation and mergers appear to be important in the formation of elliptical galaxies. Small, but systematic differences between cluster and field ellipticals are detected, and also between normal ellipticals and brightest cluster members. The scaling laws for dwarf galaxies are very different from those of normal ellipticals, and point to a formation dominated by a single process.
General Switching Considerations

Fundamentally, most switches in the “open” state may be viewed as a set of capacitor plates separated by a dielectric. The properties of the dielectric are such that it can be made conductive in some manner, such as ionization of a gas (thyratrons), injection of charge carriers into the conduction band (solid state), etc., or by injection of a conducting medium into the separating region (vacuum spark gaps). The readily available energy stored in the inter-electrode capacitance is dissipated internally to the switch and is important for rapid formation of a conducting plasma. In most cases a charge transport phenomenon through the previously insulating medium is required to maintain switch closure. In contrast, to recover to the “open” state, a deionization process is required.
Variable Inspection Plans for Continuous Populations with Unknown Short Tail Distributions

The ordinary variable inspection plans are sensitive to deviations from the normality assumption. A new variable inspection plan is constructed that can be used for arbitrary continuous populations with short tail distributions. The peaks over threshold method is used, the tails are approximated by a generalized Pareto distribution, their parameters and the fraction defective are estimated by a moment method proposed in a similar form by Smith and Weissman in J. R. Stat. Soc. B 47:285–298, 1985. The estimates of the fraction defective are asymptotically normal. It turns out that their asymptotic variances do not differ very much for the various distributions. Therefore we may fix the variance and use the known asymptotic distribution for the construction of the inspection plans. The sample sizes needed to satisfy the two-point conditions are much less than that for attribute plans.
Accessibility and Content of Abdominal Transplant Fellowship Program Websites in the United States

Abstract Objectives Organ transplant volume is at an all-time high. Prospective applicants often utilize individual programs' websites for information when deciding if and where to apply for fellowship training. Accessibility and content from one program's website to the next is highly variable and may contribute to the selection of programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and content of abdominal transplant surgery fellowship websites. Materials and methods The American Society of Transplant Surgeons (ASTS) website provides a complete list of abdominal transplant fellowship programs in the United States. A Google search was performed to determine the presence and accessibility of a program's website. Available websites were evaluated on the presence of 20 content criteria. Results Sixty-five programs in the United States were identified using the ASTS directory. Websites for fifty-one (78%) fellowship programs were identified. Three-fourths of websites contained 50% or less of the 20 evaluated data points, whereas 24% of websites contained 5 or less criteria. The most and least included data points were program description (100%) and on-call expectations (10%), respectively. Conclusions The accessibility and content of a program's website is one major factor that can influence a potential applicant's decision on where to pursue transplant surgery fellowship training. This study revealed that a significant percentage of programs fail to provide a functional website. Of the fifty-one programs that did have websites, information deemed important to prospective applicants may be considered inadequate.
Stereotypy and Repetitive Behaviors

A category of inappropriate behaviors in which individuals with intellectual disabilities engage that do not fit into the typical classifications of aggressive, disruptive, or self-injurious behavior exists. These behaviors include stereotypy, ritualistic behavior, and perseverative behavior related to unusual interests. Stereotypic behaviors are defined as repetitive, coordinated, seemingly purposeless, rhythmic behaviors that are most often maintained by automatic reinforcement (Chebli, Martin, & Lanovaz, 2016; Rapp & Vollmer, 2005; Singer, Mink, Gilbert, & Jankovic, 2016). Common topographies of stereotypy fall into the following categories: whole body (e.g., body rocking), head (e.g., head nodding), hand/finger (e.g., hand flapping), locomotion (e.g., jumping), object (e.g., object spinning), and sensory (e.g., covering ears; Lam & Aman, 2007). In addition to motor stereotypy, individuals with intellectual disabilities also engage in vocal stereotypy (e.g., repetitive sounds or words; Lanovaz & Sladeczek, 2012).
Aramid nanofiber-reinforced three-dimensional graphene hydrogels for supercapacitor electrodes.

Abstract Hypothesis Self-assembled graphene hydrogels are notable in the field of electrochemical energy storage for their unique combination of excellent specific surface area, high porosity, and electrically conductive continuous network. However, graphene hydrogels suffer from poor mechanical integrity compared to layered architectures like graphene buckypapers, limiting their applications in practical devices. We propose the use of high strength, Kevlar®-derived polymeric nanofillers, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) as structural fillers to enhance graphene hydrogel’s shear modulus in the context of multifunctional (mechanical and electrochemical) architectures. Experiments Graphene hydrogels are fabricated using sol-gel self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets in presence of ammonium hydroxide. Colloidal dispersion of ANFs and GO are integrated using a novel combination of solvent exchange and dialysis approach to fabricate GO-ANF hydrogels with 0–15 wt.% of ANFs loading (dry weight basis). Shear modulus and electrochemical properties of resulting hydrogel composites are evaluated using rheology and symmetric supercapacitor cell. Findings The addition of 2 wt.% ANFs resulted in an 80% improvement in shear modulus compared to neat graphene hydrogel. Addition of ANFs resulted in gradual reduction of specific capacitance, with the specific capacitance of 190 F/g for neat graphene hydrogel, reducing to 128 F/g for an ANF loading of 15 wt.% (dry weight basis). This work shows the broader concept that adding high-strength nanofibers to a nanomaterial gel can add reinforcement provided that the gelation process itself is not disrupted.
Some Results of Psycholinguistic Research of Polycode Advertising Texts: Gender Factor Influence

Modern society is constantly changing and evolving, and the era of globalization and informatization leads to profound transformation of moral guidelines and personal space expansion due to deeper human immersion into the world of mass media. Image advertising is considered as one of the most common phenomena in the information era and can be characterized as a polycode text consisting of elements of different sign systems. The main purpose of such advertising is to change person's consumer behavior and form visions, desired by an advertising creator, in the consumer's individual lexicon. The article focuses on the study of peculiarities of image advertising visions functioning in the individual lexicon as well as their impact on an individual under a special advertising communicative situation depending on gender factor. To verify the thesis of differences in the strategies of image advertising perception applied by representatives of different gender groups, we have conducted the experimental research using the semantic differential; some results and their analysis are given in the article.
Inter- and intrarater reliability of unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation to evaluation of maximal voluntary contraction of pelvic floor muscles considering risk factors and dysfunctions.

Aims To evaluate inter- and intrarater reliability of unidigital and bidigital vaginal palpation of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) according to PFM risk factors and dysfunctions. Methods A total of 187 women were recruited and evaluated by two examiners. Both performed the evaluation of MVC with unidigital and bidigital palpation, graded by Modified Oxford Scale. After 7-10 days, one examiner repeated the assessment. To analyze reliability by Cohen's linear Kappa (κw), participants were allocated into different groups according to: body mass index (BMI), menopause, parity, type of delivery and PFM dysfunctions, as pelvic organ prolapse (POP), constipation, urgency, urgency urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, and stress urinary incontinence. Results Inter-rater reliability of unidigital palpation was considered fair (κw = 0.21-0.40) to moderate (κw = 0.41-0.60) according to BMI, postmenopausal status, parity, type of delivery, and PFM dysfunctions. Inter-rater reliability of bidigital palpation varied from none (κw = 0.00-0.20) to moderate for all risk factors and PFM dysfunctions. Intra-rater reliability of unidigital palpation was considered fair only for women with POP (κw = 0.37) and moderate to substantial (κw = 0.61-0.80) to all other variables. Intra-rater reliability of bidigital palpation ranged from moderate to almost perfect (κw = 0.81-1.00). Conclusions When performing vaginal palpation, physiotherapists must consider the way that is performing the evaluation, as some PFM risk factors and dysfunctions could influence the inter- and intrarater reliability of unidigital and bidigital palpation.
Modeling of MMC based FACTS Device as a Replacement of UPFC for Power Flow and Oscillation Damping Control

Rapid growth in electric energy demand, increasing substantial industry restructuring, and environmental issues are imposing enormous challenges on the electrical transmission network. It is uneconomical and hard to build new generation plants for growing energy demand. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) is a solid-state controller based technology that regulates AC systems, enhance voltage stability during steady-state and transient states if needed. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is the most versatile FACTS device to increase transmission capacity and mitigate different power system issues. This paper presents a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) based UPFC device for power flow and power oscillation damping control. The verification of the presented model is performed on New York Power Authority (NYPA)’s three-bus AC transmission system using Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and Xilinx Virtex-7 Field Gate Programmable Array (FPGA).
A genealogy of the concept of sovereignty and its metamorphoses

This article analyse the transformations of Bodin's concept of sovereignty in the post Hobbesian political theory and the opposition between the Rousseau, which transposed the monocratic power from...
Frictions in Polycentric Administration with Noncongruent Borders: Evidence from Ohio School District Class Sizes

Scholars have long suggested that non-congruence of geographic borders can create coordination problems among the political communities within polycentric administrative units. A frequently reoccurring example of such policy disputes arises in cases where municipalities and school districts have non-congruent borders, creating fiscal externalities in residential development land use decisions. Using GIS data from 611 Ohio school districts and 1,585 municipalities in 2000, we calculate the degree of non-congruence between school district and municipal territory to test for evidence that non-congruence of municipal-school district borders influences school district class size. The results indicate that schools with non-congruent borders do experience substantively larger class sizes. Furthermore, these effects seem to increase with the degree of non-congruence. Our findings are robust to model specification and consistent across OLS and treatment effects regression estimates. Policy implications for state-encouraged consolidation of school districts are discussed. JEL Codes: I210, I280, R120
Recipe for Disaster: Homemade Formula Leading to Severe Complications in 2 Infants

Families and physicians alike benefit from the advances and ease of the Internet. Similarly, both can be unaware of harmful misinformation circulating the Web. In this article, we describe the presentation of 2 unrelated infants, within 1 week of each other, with vitamin D deficiency rickets and severe extraskeletal manifestations of hypocalcemia, including seizures and cardiac arrest, from homemade, vegan formula found through Pinterest (San Francisco, CA). Despite good parental intentions this formula did not meet macronutrient and micronutrient standards, particularly regarding vitamin D, phosphorus, and calcium content, and led to rare, life-threatening complications in both cases. Before presentation, both patients followed appropriately with their pediatrician and discussed feeding in detail, although neither family disclosed the use of homemade formula. Pediatricians must be aware of these dangerous homemade alternative formulas, consider the manner and depth of their feeding history questioning, and continue to counsel against homemade formula to prevent further harm to children.
Analytics-driven design: Impact and implications of team member psychological perspectives on a serious games (SGs) design framework

The number of educational or serious games (SGs) available to educators has increased in recent years as the cost of game development has been reduced. A benefit of SGs is that they employ not only lesson content but also knowledge contexts where learners can connect information to its context of use with active participation and engagement. This, in turn, improves learners’ ability to recall, integrate, and apply what they learn. Much of the research on game analytics has examined learner in-game trails to build predictive models that identify negative learner actions (e.g., systematic guessing after the fact). However, analytics can also be used in the game design and development phases. Drawing on evidence-centered design (ECD), the chapter outlines ways that analytics can drive the development of scenarios and activities in a game and thus allows SGs to function as contextual apprenticeships, providing robust assessment opportunities. We describe how ECD theory was applied in a project to develop and test a SG that trains people to reduce their reliance on cognitive biases. We describe instances during the design process where our team encountered obstacles due to differing psychological and learning/teaching orientations, a topic rarely explored in the SG or ECD literature. Furthermore, we describe the final analytics-based game design features. We propose an additional element (persona) and how we anticipate incorporating that ECD extension into future projects.
Kudzu extract treatment does not increase the intoxicating effects of acute alcohol in human volunteers.

Background—Isoflavone administration in the form of a purified extract from the herbal medication kudzu root has been shown to reduce, but not eliminate, alcohol consumption in alcohol-abusing and alcohol-dependent men. The precise mechanism of this action is unknown, but one possible explanation for these results is that the isoflavones in kudzu might actually increase the intensity or duration of alcohol’s effects and thus delay the desire for subsequent drinks. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis. Methods—Twelve (12) healthy adult men and women (27.5±1.89 yrs old) who consumed moderate amounts of alcohol (7.8±0.63 drinks/week) participated in a double-blind, placebocontrolled crossover study in which they were treated with either kudzu extract (total isoflavone dose of 750 mg/day) or matched placebo for nine days. On days 8 and 9, participants received an acute challenge of ethyl alcohol (either 0.35 or 0.7 g/kg alcohol). During the challenges the following measures were collected: subjective effects, psychomotor (body sway), cognitive performance (vigilance/reaction time), physiological measures (heart rate and skin temperature), and plasma ethanol concentration. Results—Alcohol resulted in a dose-related alteration in subjective measures of intoxication, impairment of stance stability, and vigilance/reaction time. Kudzu extract did not alter participants’ subjective responses to the alcohol challenge or to alcohol’s effects on stance stability or vigilance/reaction time. However, individuals treated with kudzu extract experienced a slightly more rapid rise in plasma ethanol levels, but only after the 0.7 g/kg dose. This transient effect during the first 30 minutes of the ascending plasma alcohol curve lasted only 10-15 minutes; there were no differences in peak plasma alcohol levels or alcohol elimination kinetics. Additionally, kudzu pretreatment enhanced the effects of the 0.7 g/kg dose of alcohol on heart rate and skin temperature. Conclusions—These data suggest that individuals who drink alcohol while being treated with kudzu extract experience no adverse consequences and further, the reported reductions in alcohol intake after kudzu extract treatment are not related to an alteration in alcohol’s subjective or psychomotor effects.
Characterization of Two Distinct Serum Amyloid A Gene Products Defined by Their Complementary DNAs

Two distinct serum amyloid A specific complementary DNA clones have been isolated from a human adult liver library. One clone contains coding information for the alpha form of apoSAA1. The other shares substantial sequence homology, but differs, however, in that it lacks a Pst I restriction site present in its homologue. Both cDNA clones hybridize to an SAA genomic clone.
TCR Vaccines Against T Cell Lymphoma: QS-21 and IL-12 Adjuvants Induce a Protective CD8+ T Cell Response

Tumor-specific TCR can serve as an effective target for active immunotherapy of T cell malignancies. Using the murine T cell tumor model C6VL, vaccination with C6VL TCR protected mice from a subsequent lethal dose of tumor cells. This study characterizes the immune mechanisms involved in the tumor protection, and the influence of immunologic adjuvants in inducing a protective immune response. Immune responses induced by TCR vaccines formulated with various adjuvants: QS-21, IL-12, SAF-1, CD40L, and GM-CSF were compared. QS-21, IL-12, and SAF-1 biased the humoral immune response toward Th1-type, reflected by the induction of IgG2a and IgG2b anti-C6VL TCR Abs. CD40L and GM-CSF exclusively produced IgG1 Abs, reflecting a Th2-type immune response. In our tumor model system, only vaccines containing adjuvants that induced a Th1-type immune response favored tumor protection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CD8+ T cells were necessary and sufficient for tumor protection using anti-CD8 mAb depletion and adoptive cell transfer experiments. Transfer of hyperimmune serum containing anti-C6VL TCR Abs into na ive mice had modest anti-tumor effects and was not sufficient to prevent tumor growth. TCR-vaccinated B cell-deficient mice were not protected against C6VL tumor, and tumor protection was not completely restored after hyperimmune serum transfer. Thus, B cells may serve as important APCs in inducing a protective immune response. Based on these results future TCR vaccines should be designed to maintain native TCR conformation, as well as induce a strong Th1-type immune response.
Dermoid cyst in the uterine tube

Abstract A case of a dermoid cyst in the uterine tube is presented. The dermoid obviously originated within the tubal mucosa.
Optimal robustness of supervised learning from a noniterative point of view

In most artificial neural network applications, (e.g. pattern recognition) if the dimension of the input vectors is much larger than the number of patterns to be recognized, generally, a one- layered, hard-limited perceptron is sufficient to do the recognition job. As long as the training input-output mapping set is numerically given, and as long as this given set satisfies a special linear-independency relation, the connection matrix to meet the supervised learning requirements can be solved by a noniterative, one-step, algebra method. The learning of this noniterative scheme is very fast (close to real-time learning) because the learning is one-step and noniterative. The recognition of the untrained patterns is very robust because a universal geometrical optimization process of selecting the solution can be applied to the learning process. This paper reports the theoretical foundation of this noniterative learning scheme and focuses the result at the optimal robustness analysis. A real-time character recognition scheme is then designed along this line. This character recognition scheme will be used (in a movie presentation) to demonstrate the experimental results of some theoretical parts reported in this paper.
Marmot: A Novel Low-Power Platform for WSNs

The paper introduces a new hardware platform for wireless sensor networks built around a Flash FPGA. The most important feature Flash FPGAs offer is their duty cycling support; they can wake up from sleep in one microsecond with now current spike and they preserve their configuration as well as the application state. Moreover, the new node provides much better performance than microcontoller-based nodes can. The price to pay is the increased complexity of application development. Most software components can be implemented in C and run on a soft processor core inside the FPGA, but the critical components need to be realized directly on the fabric using VHDL.
Advances in predicting acute GVHD

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a leading cause of non-relapse mortality following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. Attempts to improve treatment response in clinically-established GVHD have not improved overall survival, often due to the increased risk of infectious complications. Alternative approaches to decrease GVHD-related morbidity and mortality have focused on the ability to predict GVHD prior to clinical manifestation in an effort to provide an opportunity to abort GVHD development, and to gain new insights into GVHD pathophysiology. This review outlines the research efforts to date that have identified clinical and laboratory-based factors that are predictive of acute GVHD and describes future directions in developing algorithms that will improve the ability to predict the development of clinically relevant GVHD.
The father, the son, and the daughter: Sellars, Brandom, and Millikan

The positions of Brandom and Millikan are compared with respect to their common origins in the works of Wilfrid Sellars and Wittgenstein. Millikan takes more seriously the “picturing” themes from Sellars and Wittgenstein. Brandom follows Sellars more closely in deriving the normativity of language from social practice, although there are also hints of a possible derivation from evolutionary theory in Sellars. An important claim common to Brandom and Millikan is that there are no representations without function or “attitude”.
The utility of the temporalis muscle flap for oropharyngeal, base of tongue, and nasopharyngeal reconstruction.

Objective To determine the efficacy of temporalis muscle flap reconstruction of various defects of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and base of tongue. Study design Retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of 24 patients who underwent a total of 26 temporalis flaps (2 bilateral) by the senior author (Y.D.) from September 1997 to August 2003 for reconstruction of defects of the oropharynx, nasopharynx, and base of tongue. Methods Variables and outcomes that were examined included defect location, size, adjunctive therapy, complications, and ability to tolerate oral intake at follow-up. Results There was no evidence of flap failure in our series of patients. There were 2 cases of minor flap loss related to early prosthetic rehabilitation. Two cases of transient frontal nerve paralysis were noted. A 30.8% rate of complication (all minor) was noted in this study. At a mean follow-up of 12 months, 54.2% of patients were tolerating a full diet, 37.5% were tolerating most of their nutrition by mouth, and 8.3% were g-tube dependent. Conclusion The temporalis muscle flap represents an excellent alternative in reconstruction of otherwise difficult-to-reconstruct defects of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and base of tongue. Donor site aesthetics are well accepted by patients with primary hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty with or without secondary lipotransfer.
Non‐linear dynamic analysis of axisymmetric shells

Incremental equations of motion are derived from a Lagrangian variational formulation for the large displacement elastic-plastic and elastic-viscoplastic dynamic analysis of deformable bodies. The material constitutive behaviour is described in terms of the symmetric Piola–Kirchhoff stress and Lagrangian strain tensors. Degenerate isoparametric elements, permitting relaxation of the Kirchhoff–Love hypothesis, are used in a finite element formulation specialized for the analysis of shells of revolution subjected to axisymmetric loading. The linearized incremental equations of motion are solved using direct integration procedures, with added accuracy obtained from application of equilibrium correction at each step. The effectiveness of the numerical techniques is illustrated by the dynamic response analyses carried out on a shallow spherical cap subjected to uniform external step pressure loadings.
Internet Pornography and U.S. Women's Sexual Behavior: Results From a National Sample

Representative studies on Internet pornography exposure and women's sexual behavior are needed. National data were utilized to explore the association between 1,077 U.S. women's exposure to Internet pornography and number of sexual partners. Internet pornography exposure and number of sexual partners were positively correlated. This association remained after controlling for age, marital status, ethnicity, education, and religiosity. However, the association was moderated in theoretically predictable ways by women's confidence in media and perceived life dullness.
Nanofibrous microfiltration membranes capable of removing bacteria, viruses and heavy metal ions

Abstract A novel class of microfiltration membrane, based on a two-layered nanoscale polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/microscale polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibrous scaffold containing infused ultra-fine functional cellulose nanofibers (diameter about 5 nm), was demonstrated. These membranes can simultaneously remove bacteria, viruses and/or toxic heavy metal ions. To be specific, the demonstrated membrane was capable of completely removing Escherichia coli (by size extrusion), reaching a LRV of 4 for MS2 virus removal and having the adsorption capability of 100 mg Cr (VI) or 260 mg Pb (II) per gram of cellulose nanofiber, while maintaining a high permeation rate (1300 L/m 2 h/psi). The development of these membranes was based on the creation of a web-like structure with very high charge density and large surface area per unit volume for adsorption of contaminant molecules.