cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gα-Mediated Inhibition of Developmental Signal Response

Abstract Background: Seven-transmembrane receptor (7-TMR)-G protein networks are molecular sensors of extracellular signals in all eukarya. These pathways cycle through activated (sensitized) and inhibited (desensitized) states, and, while many of the molecular components for signal activation have been described, inhibitory mechanisms are not well characterized. In Dictyostelium , 7-TM cAMP receptors direct chemotaxis and development but also regulate the periodic synthesis of their own ligand, the chemoattractant/morphogen cAMP. We now demonstrate through loss-of-function/gain-of-function studies that the novel heterotrimeric Gα9 protein subunit regulates an inhibitory pathway during early Dictyostelium development for the cAMP signal response. Results: gα9 null cells form more cAMP signaling centers, are more resistant to compounds that inhibit cAMP signaling, and complete aggregation sooner and at lower cell densities than wild-type cells. These phentoypes are consistent with the loss of an inhibitory signaling pathway during development of gα9 null cells. Cells expressing constitutively activated Gα9 are defective in cAMP signaling center formation and development at low cell density and display an increased sensitivity to cAMP signal inhibition that is characteristic of enhanced suppression of the cAMP signal response. Finally, we demonstrate that gα9 null cells, which have been codeveloped with a majority of wild-type cells, primarily establish cAMP signaling centers and are able to non-autonomously direct wild-type cells to adopt a gα9 null-like phenotype. Conclusions: We suggest that Gα9 functions in an inhibitory-feedback pathway that regulates cAMP signaling center formation and propagation. Gα9 may be part of the mechanism that regulates lateral signal inhibition or that modulates receptor desensitization.
Future therapies for the treatment of bladder neoplasms.

The last several decades have witnessed an exponential growth in the understanding of the biology of human neoplasms. As a consequence, a number of new strategies for the treatment of urologic cancers are currently under evaluation. We provide an overview of promising new treatment approaches as they apply to the management of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 13:376-388, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A genetics-based hybrid scheduler for generating static schedules in flexible manufacturing contexts

Existing computerized systems that support scheduling decisions for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS's) rely largely on knowledge acquired through rote learning for schedule generation. In a few instances, the systems also possess some ability to learn using deduction or supervised induction. We introduce a novel AI-based system for generating static schedules that makes heavy use of an unsupervised learning module in acquiring significant portions of the requisite problem processing knowledge. This scheduler pursues a hybrid schedule generation strategy wherein it effectively combines knowledge acquired via genetics-based unsupervised induction with rote-learned knowledge in generating high-quality schedules in an efficient manner. Through a series of experiments conducted on a randomly generated problem of practical complexity, we show that the hybrid scheduler strategy is viable, promising, and, worthy of more in-depth investigations. >
A portable EEG recording system

A portable analog signal processing unit suitable for ambulatory and in-flight electroencephalogram (EEG) recording is described. The system includes miniature preamplifiers, mounted near the electrodes; amplifiers, filters, and a power supply, in a single unit; and a small FM data recorder. The preamplifier module has a very-low-noise FET input, a high-pass filter, and a differential amplifier with high common mode rejection ratio. The amplifier module consists of an isolation amplifier, a variable-gain amplifier and a bandpass filter, providing subject/ground isolation, additional gain, and antialiasing. With this system, movement, muscle and other recording artifacts are significantly reduced and a high signal-to noise ratio is achieved. >
Sensitivity of Lake Sturgeon Population Dynamics and Genetics to Demographic Parameters

Abstract Uncertainty in population parameters can make managing fisheries difficult, especially for long-lived species such as lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Models can be used to explore population parameter uncertainty and how uncertainty affects demographic and genetic population outputs through the use of sensitivity analyses. The objective of this study was to determine which lake sturgeon population parameters have the greatest influence on demographic characteristics, including rates of extinction and percentage of populations increasing from their initial size, and population genetic characteristics, including percentage of unique alleles retained and average inbreeding coefficient. An individual-based modeling approach that represented demographic and genetic processes was used to achieve this objective. Individual lake sturgeon were tracked throughout the modeling process with unique identifiers, allowing for the determination of the degree of inbreeding and the number of unique alleles ret...
A formal approach to the definition and the design of conceptual schemata for databased systems

A formal approach is proposed to the definition and the design of conceptual database diagrams to be used as conceptual schemata in a system featuring a multilevel schema architecture, and as an aid for the design of other forms of schemata. We consider E-R (entity-relationship) diagrams, and we introduce a new representation called CAZ-graphs. A rigorous connection is established between these diagrams and some formal constraints used to describe relationships in the framework of the relational data model. These include functional and multivalued dependencies of database relations. The basis for our schemata is a combined representation for two fundamental structures underlying every relation: the first defined by its minimal atomic decompositions, the second by its elementary functional dependencies.The interaction between these two structures is explored, and we show that, jointly, they can represent a wide spectrum of database relationships, of which the well-known one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many associations constitute only a small subset. It is suggested that a main objective in conceptual schema design is to ensure a complete representation of these two structures. A procedure is presented to design schemata which obtain this objective while eliminating redundancy. A simple correspondence between the topological properties of these schemata and the structure of multivalued dependencies of the original relation is established. Various applications are discussed and a number of illustrative examples are given.
Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Aldosterone Induces Hypertension in Rats

There is suggestive evidence for the direct participation of mineralocorticoids in the production of centrally mediated hypertension. Unilaterally nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats received a continuous infusion for 30 days using implanted osmotic minipumps with 1) artificial spinal fluid (CSF) intracerebroventricularly (icvt); 2) 0.005 μg aldosterone/h icvt; 3) 0.005 μg aldosterone/h sc; 4) 0.5 μg aldosterone/h sc. There was no significant difference between the groups in average weight gain (52 ± 2 g) or organ weight to body weight, nor was urine volume increased above normal except in the group receiving the high sc dose of aldosterone. Blood pressure was significantly elevated only in those animals receiving 0.005 /g aldosterone/h icvt and 0.5 /g aldosterone/h sc. A second experiment was done using a specific spironolactone-type mineralocorticoid antagonist, prorenone. The rats were grouped as follows: 1) CSF icvt; 2) 0.005 μg/h aldosterone icvt; 3) 0.005 μg/h aldosterone plus 0.005 μg/h prorenone ic...
The Discovery of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms—and Inferences about Human Demographic History

A method of historical inference that accounts for ascertainment bias is developed and applied to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in humans. The data consist of 84 short fragments of the genome that were selected, from three recent SNP surveys, to contain at least two polymorphisms in their respective ascertainment samples and that were then fully resequenced in 47 globally distributed individuals. Ascertainment bias is the deviation, from what would be observed in a random sample, caused either by discovery of polymorphisms in small samples or by locus selection based on levels or patterns of polymorphism. The three SNP surveys from which the present data were derived differ both in their protocols for ascertainment and in the size of the samples used for discovery. We implemented a Monte Carlo maximum-likelihood method to fit a subdivided-population model that includes a possible change in effective size at some time in the past. Incorrectly assuming that ascertainment bias does not exist causes errors in inference, affecting both estimates of migration rates and historical changes in size. Migration rates are overestimated when ascertainment bias is ignored. However, the direction of error in inferences about changes in effective population size (whether the population is inferred to be shrinking or growing) depends on whether either the numbers of SNPs per fragment or the SNP-allele frequencies are analyzed. We use the abbreviation “SDL,” for “SNP-discovered locus,” in recognition of the genomic-discovery context of SNPs. When ascertainment bias is modeled fully, both the number of SNPs per SDL and their allele frequencies support a scenario of growth in effective size in the context of a subdivided population. If subdivision is ignored, however, the hypothesis of constant effective population size cannot be rejected. An important conclusion of this work is that, in demographic or other studies, SNP data are useful only to the extent that their ascertainment can be modeled.
A New Type of Translocation in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

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Osteocartilaginous metaplasia in the right atrial myocardium of healthy adult sheep.

Among 172 hearts from clinically normal adult sheep aged 1.5 to 7 years evaluated for the presence of cartilage and/or bone in the right atrial myocardium, 3.49% (6/172) had palpable evidence of osteocartilaginous foci. An additional 8% prevalence was estimated based on radiographs of hearts that contained ≤1 mm foci of nonpalpable, radiographically dense bone. Microscopically, the nodules in the atria were characterized by mature lamellar bone enclosing adipose tissue, with occasional new bone formation by endochondral ossification. No degenerative changes were evident in the affected atrial myocardium, suggesting that these lesions were clinically insignificant background changes.
Long-branch abstractions

Abstract Recent attention has been focused on the sensitivities of various tree reconstructing algorithms to sequence rate heterogeneity (long-branch attraction). Phylogenetic conclusions from two recent empirical studies have been indicted as artifacts attributable to long-branch attraction. Siddall et al. (1995) concluded that Myxozoa are cnidarians and sister group to Polypodium based on 18S rDNA and morphology. Hanelt et al. (1996) argued that this result is due to long-branch attraction. Whiting et al. (1997) concluded that the Strepsiptera are sister group to Diptera based on parsimony analysis of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and morphology. Huelsenbeck (1997) argued that this result also is attributable to long-branch attraction. We demonstrate that the analyses and arguments dismissing these results as the effects of long-branch attraction are fundamentally flawed. The criteria employed by these authors were applied arbitrarily by them to the groups that they did not want, and yet using those same criteria, there is more reason to exclude other taxa besides Polypodium and there is more reason to disbelieve monophyly of Diptera than monophyly of Strepsiptera with Diptera. Moreover, it is asserted, long-branch attraction cannot explain the presence of nematocysts in Myxozoa and halteres in Strepsiptera. For these reasons, and in light of the demonstration that long branches cannot attract each other in their mutual absence, we conclude that the monophyly of Myxozoa + Polypodium and Strepsiptera + Diptera is not due to long-branch attraction. We suggest that maximum likelihood methods are extremely sensitive to taxon and character sampling and that these data sets are demonstrative of the long-branch repulsion problem.
Make-to-order, make-to-stock, or delay product differentiation? A common framework for modeling and analysis

Delaying product differentiation is a hybrid strategy that strives to reconcile the dual needs of high variety and quick response time. A common product platform is built to stock in the first stage of production (called the Make-To-Stock (MTS) stage) which is then differentiated into different products after demand is known in the second stage (known as the Make-To-Order (MTO) stage). In this article, we develop models to compute the costs and benefits of delaying differentiation in series production systems when the order lead times are load dependent. The models are then used to gain insights through analytical and numerical comparisons. For example, we observe the following patterns in a large number of numerical experiments. The effect of congestion in the MTS and MTO stages is asymmetric with tighter capacity at the MTO stage having a greater detrimental effect on the desirability of delaying differentiation. If there is flexibility in choosing the point of differentiation, higher loading is observe...
The Give and Take of Everyday Life: Language Socialization of Kaluli Children.

The Give and Take of Everyday Life: Language Socialization of Kaluli Children. Bambi B. Schieffelin. Studies in the Social and Cultural Foundations of Language, No. 9. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 278 pp. $49.50 (cloth), $16.95 (paper)
Some thoughts on systems and structural reliability

Abstract The paper reviews first some of the kinds of reliability interactions between the operation and emergency systems and the structural/mechanical systems of a nuclear power plant. Secondly it reviews the analysis of several classic structural systems reliability problems from the point of view of the conventional fault-and-event tree methodologies used in systems analysis.
On convexity proofs in location theory

It is often assumed in the facility location literature that functions of the type oi(xi, y) = βi[(xi-x)2+(yi-y)2]K/2 are twice differentiable. Here we point out that this is true only for certain values of K. Convexity proofs that are independent of the value of K are given.
INVESTIGATING PREDICTIVE POWER OF STOCK MICRO BLOG SENTIMENT IN FORECASTING FUTURE STOCK PRICE DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT

This study attempts to discover and evaluate the predictive power of stock micro blog sentiment on future stock price directional movements. We construct a set of robust models based on sentiment analysis and data mining algorithms. Using 72,221 micro blog postings for 1909 stock tickers and 3874 distinct authors, our study reveals not only that stock micro blog sentiments do have predictive power for simple and marketadjusted returns respectively, but also that this predictive accuracy is consistent with the underreaction hypothesis observed in behavioral finance. We establish that stock micro blog with its succinctness, high volume and real-time features do have predictive power over future stock price movements. Furthermore, this study provides support for the model of irrational investor sentiment, recommends a complimentary investing approach using user-generated content and validates an instrument that may contribute to the monetization schemes for Virtual Investing Communities.
Dual multiple change-point model leads to more accurate recombination detection

Motivation: We introduce a dual multiple change-point (MCP) model for recombination detection among aligned nucleotide sequences. The dual MCP model is an extension of the model introduced previously by Suchard and co-workers. In the original single MCP model, one change-point process is used to model spatial phylogenetic variation. Here, we show that using two change-point processes, one for spatial variation of tree topologies and the other for spatial variation of substitution process parameters, increases recombination detection accuracy. Statistical analysis is done in a Bayesian framework using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to approximate the joint posterior distribution of all model parameters. Results: We use primate mitochondrial DNA data with simulated recombination break-points at specific locations to compare the two models. We also analyze two real HIV sequences to identify recombination break-points using the dual MCP model. Availability: A software program 'DualBrothers' implementing the dual MCP model is available in the form of a Java package at http://www.biomath.ucla.edu/msuchard/DualBrothers Contact: [email protected] Supplementary information: http://www.biomath.ucla.edu/msuchard/DualBrothers
Búsqueda espiritual y laboratorio de refugio en "La culpa es de los Tlaxcaltecas" de Elena Garro

Debra Castillo notes that the kitchen is the place where women share their secrets. In the story of Elena Garro, "La culpa es de los tlaxcaltecas" from his book La semana de colores (1964), the kitchen, besides being the fourth for nutrition, stands as a land of refuge, where transmitting the secrets of women and national history. In this area, are revived traditions, folklore and history. This area of the house, is the appropriate place to break out the inadmissible and feminine awakening occurs, a spiritual transformation that allows the woman to know herself. The kitchen becomes the laboratory where women receive enlightenment that helps in its wake. She vows to get out of this unfair system, to embark on a quest for freedom and self-realization alternatives.
An Evaluation of Capacity Sensitive Order Review and Release Procedures in Job Shops

We investigate the performance of capacity-sensitive order review and release (ORR) procedures in job shop environments that have not been previously explored. Previous research has ignored the case of job shops which must perform to very tight due-dates because of time-sensitive customers. We propose and test a new capacity sensitive ORR procedure called path based bottleneck (PBB) in such environments, along with the modified infinite loading (MIL) procedure which has been shown to work well in several studies. We compare the performance of these two controlled release rules with that of immediate release rule under different conditions of capacity utilization and customer specified exogenous duedates. Our results indicate that PBB performs well in lowering total costs when due-dates are tight, while MIL is a better procedure with relatively loose to medium due-dates. We also show that in many cases, the shortest processing time (SPT) dispatching rule is a superior performer than a due-date based rule like critical ratio (CR); a conclusion which is contrary to the existing research in this area. In addition, the shop floor control policies recommended are shown to be sensitive to the cost structure of the firm. The managerial implications of this research in providing effective shop floor control in job shops operating under tight due-date conditions are also discussed.
Learning to read fault-slip behavior from fault-zone structure

The connection between fault-zone architecture and seismic behavior is central to studies of the physics of earthquakes and faulting. Earthquakes represent one end-member of slip behavior; frictional melting and pseudotachylites provide field evidence for highly localized slip during dynamic rupture
The Art of the Matter: The Importance of using Art in the College Classroom to Promote Creativity and Reinforce Lessons

Art is a valuable learning tool, regardless of discipline, that is often neglected in the college classroom. This article describes an artistic group exercise that required students enrolled in a homicide class to illustrate "warning" posters, depicting various explanations for why people kill. The author explores how this innovative group project enhanced a traditional classroom lecture on the same subject. The assignment was replicated for four semesters. Using the results of a post-assignment survey, the author presents student evaluations of the project, including both quantitative and qualitative responses. Students rated the assignment as both enjoyable (average score of 6.42 out of 7) and beneficial to their retention of course material (average score of 6.06 out of 7.0). Based on student feedback, this article serves as a call to higher education professionals, encouraging the implementation of creativity in traditional curriculum. The detailed activity within provides a blueprint that any professors can tailor to fit their given course topic and discipline.
Crystal structures of the maltodextrin/maltose-binding protein complexed with reduced oligosaccharides: flexibility of tertiary structure and ligand binding.

Abstract The structure of the maltodextrin or maltose-binding protein, an initial receptor for bacterial ABC-type active transport and chemotaxis, consists of two globular domains that are separated by a groove wherein the ligand is bound and enclosed by an inter-domain rotation. Here, we report the determination of the crystal structures of the protein complexed with reduced maltooligosaccharides (maltotriitol and maltotetraitol) in both the “closed” and “open” forms. Although these modified sugars bind to the receptor, they are not transported by the wild-type transporter. In the closed structures, the reduced sugars are buried in the groove and bound by both domains, one domain mainly by hydrogen-bonding interactions and the other domain primarily by non-polar interactions with aromatic side-chains. In the open structures, which abrogate both cellular activities of active transport and chemotaxis because of the large separation between the two domains, the sugars are bound almost exclusively to the domain rich in aromatic residues. The binding site for the open chain glucitol residue extends to a subsite that is distinct from those for the glucose residues that were uncovered in prior structural studies of the binding of active linear maltooligosaccharides. Occupation of this subsite may also account for the inability of the reduced oligosaccharides to be transported. The structures reported here, combined with those previously determined for several other complexes with active oligosaccharides in the closed form and with cyclodextrin in the open form, revealed at least four distinct modes of ligand binding but with only one being functionally active. This versatility reflects the flexibility of the protein, from very large motions of interdomain rotation to more localized side-chain conformational changes, and adaptation by the oligosaccharides as well.
Demand for Nonhuman Primate Resources in the Age of Biodefense

The demand for nonhuman primates will undoubtedly increase to meet biomedical needs in this current age of biodefense. The availability of funding has increased the research on select agents and has created a requirement to validate results in relevant primate models. This review provides a description of current and potential biological threats that are likely to require nonhuman primates for the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Primates have been an invaluable resource in the dissection of viral disease pathogenesis as well as in testing vaccine efficacy. DNA vaccine approaches have been studied successfully for Ebola, Lassa, and anthrax in nonhuman primate models. Nonhuman primate research with monkeypox has provided insight into the role of cytokines in limiting disease severity. Biodefense research that has focused on select agents of bacterial origin has also benefited from nonhuman primate studies. Rhesus macaques have traditionally been the model of choice for anthrax research and have yielded successful findings in vaccine development. In plague research, African green monkeys have contributed to vaccine development. However, the disadvantages of current vaccines will undoubtedly require the generation of new vaccines, thus increasing the need for nonhuman primate research. Unfortunately, the current biosafety level (BSL)-3 and BSL-4 facilities equipped to perform this research are limited, which may ultimately impede progress in this era of biodefense.
The original descriptions of reptiles

By September 2009 an estimated 9084 species of extant reptiles have been described by a total of 4579 papers and books which are listed in a supplementary file. In this review I summarize the history of these species beginning with Linnaeus in 1758. While it took 80 years to reach the first 1000 species in 1838, species descriptions since then have been added roughly at the rate of 1000 new species every 20 years, with a significant acceleration only during the past two decades. The top 40 most productive herpetologists (in terms of “species output”) have described 4780 species, amounting to over half of all species. George Albert Boulenger leads this elite list with 573 species that are still recognized today. Historically, 18 classic works of the 18 th and 19 th century can be singled out, describing almost 1000 species still recognized, including the Erpetologie Generale, published between 1834 and 1854 in nine volumes. The top 25 journals have published more than 3600 species descriptions in the past 250 years (including 169 in Zootaxa, ranked sixth), corresponding to about 40% of all species.
Social Insurance: Social Security

Chapter 21 is the second of two chapters on social insurance, centered around public pensions or social security, in particular the U.S. Social Security pensions. A main focus of the analysis is the effect of both defined contribution and defined benefit public pensions on saving, using the Diamond OLG model as the primary analytical framework. As such, it is the only macro-oriented chapter in the textbook. Also included are the Feldstein and Liebman proposal for switching the U.S. Social Security System to a defined contribution plan and the Diamond/Feldstein debate on whether the current system should be maintained or switched to a “privatized” defined contribution plan.
Parallel Massive Clustering of Discrete Distributions

The trend of analyzing big data in artificial intelligence demands highly-scalable machine learning algorithms, among which clustering is a fundamental and arguably the most widely applied method. To extend the applications of regular vector-based clustering algorithms, the Discrete Distribution (D2) clustering algorithm has been developed, aiming at clustering data represented by bags of weighted vectors which are well adopted data signatures in many emerging information retrieval and multimedia learning applications. However, the high computational complexity of D2-clustering limits its impact in solving massive learning problems. Here we present the parallel D2-clustering (PD2-clustering) algorithm with substantially improved scalability. We developed a hierarchical multipass algorithm structure for parallel computing in order to achieve a balance between the individual-node computation and the integration process of the algorithm. Experiments and extensive comparisons between PD2-clustering and other clustering algorithms are conducted on synthetic datasets. The results show that the proposed parallel algorithm achieves significant speed-up with minor accuracy loss. We apply PD2-clustering to image concept learning. In addition, by extending D2-clustering to symbolic data, we apply PD2-clustering to protein sequence clustering. For both applications, we demonstrate the high competitiveness of our new algorithm in comparison with other state-of-the-art methods.
Jack Drum's Entertainment as Burlesque

It has long been recognized that Jack Drum's Entertainment (1600), a play now acknowledged to be the work of Marston, is indebted to the first part of Sir Philip Sidney's tale of Argalus and Parthenia (Arcadia, Bk. 11, chs. 2, 7); and that this as well as other material from the Arcadia appeared in the roughly contemporaneous The Trial of Chivalry. There has been, however, no effort to explore either the precise nature of Marston's use of the Arcadia, or the relationship between the plays. A study of these questions reinforces the argument that Marston's intention in Jack Drum's Entertainment is unmistakably satiric. The evidence strongly suggests that Marston's play, written for performance at Paul's, should be read in the context of the War of the Theaters: it burlesques the naively romantic crudities of the public theatres in general (what Marston, in his Introduction, calls ‘mouldy fopperies of stale Poetry, / Unpossible drie mustie Fictions'), but is directed specifically at The Trial of Chivalry, which had recently been staged by the Earl of Derby's Men.
Abstract 4978: The C/EBPbeta isoform, liver-enriched inhibitory protein (LIP) induces cell death in breast cancer cell lines

C/EBPbeta is a member of a family of basic-leucine zipper transcription factors. It has been shown to be a key regulator of growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. There are three different protein isoforms of C/EBPbeta. C/EBPbeta-1 and -2 are transactivators, and differ by just 23 N-terminal amino acids present in beta-1 only. C/EBPbeta-3 (LIP) lacks the transactivation domain and represses transcription. Here, we report that LIP expression stimulates autophagy and induces cell death in breast cancer cell lines. Overexpression of LIP is incompatible with cell growth and when cell cycle analysis was performed in the LIP-MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, a DNA profile of cells undergoing apoptosis was not observed. Instead, LIP expressing cells appeared to have large autophagic vesicles when examined via electron microscopy. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process responsible for self-cannabalization through a lysosomal degradation pathway. Autophagy was further assessed in LIP expressing and control breast cancer cells by monitoring the development of acidic vesicular organelles and conversion of LC3 from the cytoplasmic form to the autophagosome form. LIP expression leads to an increase in acidic vesicles. In addition, activation of LC3 was detected in LIP expressing cells by immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence studies. Interestingly, we find that LIP expression not only leads to massive and rapid cell death in the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line, but cell cycle profiling reveals a dramatic increase in DNA content in LIP expressing cells. We present data that the induction of autophagy appears to accompany or possibly follow the engulfment of neighboring cells by the LIP expressing cells. Recently, there have been reports of different cell death processes that occur due to cell internalization. LIP overexpression may be one important factor that is driving cell engulfment resulting in cell death. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4978. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4978
Muscle sympathetic nerve responses to prolonged one-legged exercise

We previously demonstrated that brief dynamic one-legged knee extensions (DKE) performed in the upright position decreased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). The present study was undertaken to investigate MSNA responses to prolonged DKE. DKE was performed for 40 min in the upright (sitting) position, and MSNA was recorded in the peroneal nerve of the contralateral leg by microneurography. DKE elicited a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 83 +/- 3 to 101 +/- 6 (SE) mmHg during the 5th min of exercise. The increase in MAP persisted for the remainder of exercise. In contrast, heart rate (HR) showed a gradual increase throughout the 40 min of exercise (80 +/- 3 to 110 +/- 5 beats/min at 40 min of exercise; P < 0.05). MSNA decreased from 34 +/- 3 to 28 +/- 3 bursts/min (P < 0.05) from control to the 5th min of DKE and then returned to control levels by 20 min (35 +/- 3 bursts/min) and remained unchanged for the remainder of exercise. During recovery, MSNA was significantly increased above control for 10 min postexercise (40 bursts/min) when HR and MAP had returned to control levels. These results confirm our previous finding that MSNA is decreased during the early stage of upright DKE. The two new findings are as follows: 1) prolonged DKE failed to increase MSNA above control levels, and 2) during recovery when HR and MAP are at control levels, MSNA is significantly elevated.
High performance LCL-based utility-interactive inverter design and parallel applications

The design and implementation of high performance single-phase LCL-based utility-interactive inverter are presented in this paper,which can operate in both grid-connected and standalone modes.Proportional-resonant(PR)controller is designed in both modes,which can not only eliminate the output steady error,but also ensure good dynamic performance.Furthermore,parallel inverters are studied based on the designed PR controller,output synchronization and sharing the currents evenly among parallel inverters are implemented based on CAN bus communication,and the general structure of the system as well as the concrete implementation is proposed.The effectiveness of theoretical analysis and control strategy is verified by 5 kW prototype experiments.
Death analysis on heart and cerebrovascular diseases of the residents in Guangdong Province,2004—2005

Objective To describe the death characteristics of heart and cerebrovascular diseases in Guangdong Province and provide basis for prevention and intervention.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted in 2006 to collect death case lists in 12 counties or districts,then the death households and hospitals were visited to collect information about death cause through questionnaire of "cause of death questionnaire" and "cause of death conclusion form".Results During 2004—2005,38 170 heart and cerebrovascular diseases deaths occurred in Guangdong and the mortality rate was 251.6/100 000,accounting for 38.2% of all death cases.The standardization mortality rate(SMR) of cerebrovascular diseases was 102.1/100 000.The SMR of cerebrovascular diseases in male(132.2/100 000) was higher than that in female(77.7/100 000)(P0.01);and the SMR in rural area(110.7/100 000) was higher than that in urban area(83.1/100 000)(P0.01).The SMR of heart diseases was 88.5/100 000.The SMR of heart diseases in male(106.8/100 000) was higher than that in female(73.4/100 000)(P0.01);and the SMR in rural area(89.5/100 000) was higher than that in urban area(87.0/100 000)(P0.01).The mortality rate increased with age(P0.01),and it was 1 926.2/100 000 in ≥60 years old.Persons who die from heart and cardiovascular disease were mainly engaged in agricultural,forestry,animal husbandry,or fishery work,accounting for 69.75%(26 625/38 170);their education levels were maily analphabetic,semiliterate or primary school(83.24%,31 774/38 170).Conclusion Heart and cerebrovascular diseases were the leading cause of death in Guangdong Province.Health education and promotion should be focused on the old people in 60 years or older,especially in rural area.Meanwhile,we should improve the primary diagnosis and treatment of the heart and cerebrovascular disease and reduce the morality rate by increasing investment and construction for primary health care.
High Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films and Solar Cells

Thin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be produced at MPa pressures from silane without the use of plasma at temperatures as low as 345 °C. High pressure chemical vapor deposition may open a new way to low cost deposition of amorphous silicon solar cells and other thin film structures over very large areas in very compact, simple reactors.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Chronic Epilepsy

The cornerstone of lesion detection in chronic epilepsy is structural imaging, mainly magnetic resonance imaging. Metabolic information from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) might serve as an additional or as a surrogate marker for the epileptogenic lesion. MRS might also help to differentiate similarly appearing lesions from one another; it might detect contralateral/remote dysfunction. However, the clinical role of MRS is unclear, albeit another non-invasive diagnostic tool.
The Thirteenth Joint MMM/Intermag Conference 2016 IEEE Publications Chair's Foreword

On behalf of the Publications Committee, it my pleasure to present selected papers from the 13th Joint MMM/Intermag Conference, which was held in San Diego, CA, USA, from January 11 to 15, 2016.
Characterization of Individual Particles in Gaseous Media by Mass Spectrometry

A method known as Particle Analysis by Mass Spectrometry (PAMS) for the chemical characterization of particles suspended in gases is described. In this method, the mass spectral measurements of individual particles are made on a continuous, real-time basis. PAMS involves a combination of the particle beam technique with mass spectrometry. A beam of particles is produced by the expansion of the gas laden with particles through a nozzle in a vacuum and is directed into the ion source of a focal plane mass spectrograph. Each particle of the beam is individually volatilized and ionized in the ion source. The resulting ions are spatially separated, according to their masses, along the focal plane and are measured with a linear array detector. The array detector enables the simultaneous measurement of all ions along the focal plane. Complete mass spectra of individual particles are obtained. PAMS has been applied for the chemical characterization of organic, inorganic, and biological particles. Individual particle composition, in addition to providing the toxic properties of particles, contain chemical signatures of their sources. PAMS can be used to detect and characterize particles in semiconductor fabrication facilities in real time and the results can be used to determine the emitting sources of these particles for their subsequent control and elimination.
Multiple Pathways for Glucagon-Induced Heterologous Desensitization of Liver Adenylyl Cyclase

Multicomponent signal transduction systems play an important role in intercellular communication. These systems, in addition to transducing external signals, are also capable of adapting their transducing capabilities such that they lower their responsiveness when they are challenged with repeated or prolonged signals. This development of tolerance is called desensitization.
Simulating Multi-Subject Momentary Time Sampling.

This paper presents software for examining measurement error in Momentary Time Sampling—an interval time sampling method commonly used in research domains (e.g., classroom observations) where continuous recording is not feasible. The Parameters for Optimizing Scientific Sampling Using Momentary-time-sampling Simulator (POSSUMS) produces Monte Carlo simulations (based on user-specified values) and automatically generates statistics relevant to understanding the extent to which measurement error may be expected within multisubject design parameters.
Firewall for brain: Towards a privacy preserving ecosystem for BCI applications

Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have gained popularity in recent years and as they spread further towards becoming ubiquitous, privacy issues deserve immediate attention. In this work, we discuss BCIs' unique privacy issues and take first step toward addressing those issues by proposing a mechanism that applies multiple layers of privacy protection such as encryption, access control, code analysis, etc. to address the privacy challenges.
Benefits and ancillary costs of natural infrastructure: Evidence from the New Jersey coast

Abstract This paper empirically estimates the economic impacts of a large-scale public investment in natural infrastructure aimed at adapting to climate change and increasing coastal resilience. I utilize temporal and spatial variation in investment in dunes to provide a hedonic property value estimate of the economic benefits. I identify the net effect of treatment utilizing the doubly robust Oaxaca-Blinder estimator and show that coastal housing price increases attributable to constructed dunes are approximately 3.6%. A decomposition of the average impact suggests that the policy intervention generates ancillary costs related to impaired ocean views and privacy concerns that partially offset large protection benefits.
Abstract P157: Ethnic Differences In the Association Between Inflammatory Markers and Cytokines With Coronary Artery Calcium in Postmenopausal Women

Objective: We assessed the association between TNF-a, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin with coronary artery calcium (CAC) in postmenopausal women without known cardiovascular disease. Methods: Participants were 192 Caucasian (C), 178 Filipina (F) and 181 African-American (AA) with measures of CVD risk factors, inflammatory markers and cytokines in 1995-99 and CAC in 2000-02. Age adjusted geometric means are presented. Results: Caucasians were significantly older, while AA had larger BMI (C:26.0, F: 25.5, AA: 29.7 kg/m 2 , p Conclusion: IL-6 was associated with CAC>=100 among Caucasian and African-American women, but not among Filipinas. Funding(This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, National Center)
Large Area Atomically Flat Surfaces via Exfoliation of Bulk Bi2Se3 Single Crystals

In this work, we present an exfoliation method that produces cm2-area atomically flat surfaces from bulk layered single crystals, with broad applications such as for the formation of lateral heterostructures and for use as substrates for van der Waals epitaxy. Single crystals of Bi2Se3 were grown using the Bridgman method and examined with X-ray reciprocal space maps, Auger spectroscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An indium-bonding exfoliation technique was developed that produces multiple ∼100 μm thick atomically flat, macroscopic (>1 cm2) slabs from each Bi2Se3 source crystal. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space maps confirm the high crystalline quality of the exfoliated surfaces. Atomic force microscopy reveals that the exfoliated surfaces have an average root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of ∼0.04 nm across 400 μm2 scans and an average terrace width of 70 μm between step edges. First-principles calculations reveal exfoliation energies of Bi2...
Technology Use for Non-Educational Purposes during Library Instruction: Effects on Students Learning and Retention of Information

ABSTRACTThe paper examines the impact of students’ use of technology for extracurricular purposes during instruction sessions and its effects on their learning and retention of information. It also reports on whether attendance at a previous library instruction session provided the students with the advantage of scoring higher in the assessment and whether the use of these technologies in class sessions was disruptive to other students. This study was conducted during the spring and summer of 2017 on students that attended twenty eight one-time library instructions session for three chemistry laboratory courses. Results indicate that students who used any devices to engage in non-educational activities during an instruction session on average earned lower points in the assessment. On average, the students who attended a prior library instruction session scored higher than those who did not. This result is true irrespective of the group the students were in (control or experimental), or if they used their ...
Review of Ordinary Least Squares and Generalized Least Squares

The purpose of this chapter is to review the fundamentals of ordinary least squares and generalized least squares in the context of linear regression analysis. The presentation here is somewhat condensed given our objective of focusing on more advanced topics in econometrics. The results presented, though brief in form, are important and are the foundation for much to come. In the next section we present the assumptions of the classical linear regression model. In the following section the Gauss-Markov theorem is proved and the optimality of the ordinary least squares estimator is established. In Section 2.4 we introduce the large sample concepts of convergence in probability and consistency. It is shown that convergence in quadratic mean is a sufficient condition for consistency and that the ordinary least squares estimator is consistent. In Section 2.5 the generalized least squares model is defined and the optimality of the generalized least squares estimator is established by Aitken’s theorem. In the next section we examine the properties of the ordinary least squares estimator when the appropriate model is the generalized least squares model. Finally, in Section 2.7 we summarize our discussion and briefly outline additional results and readings that are available.
Bounded Variation and Tensor Products of Banach Lattices

We introduce bilinear maps of order bounded variation, semivariation and norm bounded variation. We use these notions to extend the knowledge of the projective tensor product of Banach lattices.
CAROTENOIDS IN RELATION TO CHLOROPLASTS AND OTHER ORGANELLES

Abstract During light-induced chloroplast development in dark-grown non-dividing cells of Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris carotenoids rise concomitantly with other plastid thylakoid constituents. When carotenoid biosynthesis is selectively blocked at phytoene with SAN 9789, the synthesis of chlorophyll, sulfolipid and thylakoid polypeptides is also inhibited indicating a tight co-control of membrane constituents during thylakoid assembly. This insures that the membranes are assembled correctly and that potential sensitizers of deleterious photoreactions such as chlorophyll are not synthesized in the absence of protecting carotenoids. In higher plants this co-control is far less stringent and normal proplastids and prothylakoids are made in the absence of carotenoid biosynthesis. Growth of etiolated beans on SAN 9789, however, produces in darkness all of the familiar deetiolation phenomena normally seen after exposure to red light; the effect is not directly on phytochrome since far-red light does not reverse the effect of SAN. Abscisic acid is related to carotenoids and its level may be changed by SAN treatment leading to the deetiolation responses in darkness. In certain bleached mutants such as W 3 BUL, cis ζ-carotene accumulates and is photoisomerized to trans by blue light. This activity is associated with a cell fraction of very low density. The action spectrum, which is somewhat different from the ζ-carotene absorption spectrum, may result from various photostationary states between cis and trans ζ-carotene at each wavelength. Wild-type cells make trans carotenoids in darkness and must have a means of isomerization that does not involve light. The normal development of the stigma (but not the paraflagellar body) in Euglena requires light and carotenoids; the structure, composition and biosynthesis of hematochrome remain to be determined in this species.