cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroids can reduce the severity of scoliosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

From the first work by Drachman et al. that recognized a benefit from corticosteroids1 in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy through the excellent randomized controlled trials (RCTs)2-5 of the 1980s and 1990s, the recognition that daily corticosteroids benefit boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is clear. More than forty years of work with hundreds of boys have demonstrated that corticosteroids prolong walking and improve the strength of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Deflazacort, available in Canada and Europe, is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the United States. However, there are extensive long-term positive data showing that it is effective in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy6,7. Although weight gain with deflazacort is less than that with daily prednisone, other side effects, including loss of height, loss of bone density, and cataracts, do occur. The study by Lebel et al. clearly adds to these data with, to our knowledge, the longest continual follow-up of a treated cohort. However, the known side effects have led to many …
The CO2-H2O system: III. A new experimental method for determining liquid-vapor equilibria at high subcritical temperatures

A highly precise and accurate vibrating U-tube technique was developed to determine the upper baric stabilities of liquid-vapor assemblages in the CO 2 -H 2 O system at high subcritical temperatures (~275–360 °C). The first step is to create an isobaric-isothermal, physically isolated and chemically homogeneous sample of “high-pressure” CO 2 -H 2 O fluid of known composition. Fluid pressure ( P ) is then lowered slowly at constant temperature. Pressure readings and matching values for τ (the period of vibration of the U-tube) are recorded at 0.1 or 0.2 MPa intervals. When the fluid begins to separate into two phases (liquid + vapor), a distinct inflection is observed in the trend of P vs. τ. Performing such experiments for fluid compositions at 0.05 mole fraction CO 2 ( X CO 2 ) intervals in the range 0.05 ≤ X CO 2 ≤ 0.40 at 300 °C produced a complete high- P liquid-vapor boundary curve for the CO 2 -H 2 O system at that temperature. Agreement with corresponding curves determined in previous studies ranges from poor to excellent.
Influence of Preliminary Contact on Mail Returns

Attempts to improve mail returns usually take place either at the time the respondent receives the questionnaire, or at the time when he is considered a nonrespondent. In this study, the author eva...
Dopant Incorporation during Rapid Solidification

Incorporation of Group III, IV, V dopants in silicon occurs as a result of solute trapping during laser annealing. Distribution coefficients and substitutional solubilities are far greater than equilibrium values, and can be functions of growth velocity and crystal orientation. Mechanisms limiting dopant incorporation at high concentrations are identified and discussed.
Precise Tests of Triple-Regge Theory from π 0 and η Inclusive Production in 100-GeV/c π+/-p Collisions

We present data on ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ inclusive production from 100-GeV/c ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$ collisions in the kinematic region $xg~0.7$ and $0l\ensuremath{-}t\ensuremath{\lesssim}4$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$. The results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of triple-Regge theory and we have extracted the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and ${A}_{2}$ trajectories out to $\ensuremath{-}t=4$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$.
A Walking Contradiction, Partly Truth and Partly Fiction A Critique of Stoesz’ The Child Welfare Cartel

This article is a critique of David Stoesz' descriptions of organizational issues in child welfare, and more specifically, the relationships between the U.S. Children's Bureau and the National Child Welfare Workforce Institute. The focus is on Stoesz perspectives and assessments of sub-entities (cartels) that are currently influencing funding and programmatic efforts to prepare child welfare employees. The critiq ue also includes Stoesz' perspectives of current child welfare training efforts and issues related to child welfare as a profession. The review ends with a set of summary conclusions about the merit of the Stoesz article.
Optimizing Trial Performance

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Clinical Researcher . What better way to highlight the theme of “Optimizing Trial Performance” than through a newly redesigned journal? In the pages ahead, in addition to a completely new look and feel compared to our predecessor publication, The Monitor ,
A Rare Case of Extraskeletal Small Cell Osteosarcoma: Cytohistologic Correlation and Review of the Literature

Extraskeletal small cell osteosarcoma is a rare soft-tissue tumor with production of osteoid by cytologically malignant small cells. Only six cases have been reported in the literature, two of which have cytologic description. We report a case of a 78-year-old man with a left axillary mass. …
Shock and Rarefaction Waves

In Chapter 6, the method of characteristics was discussed as a means to solve the continuity equation (i.e., conservation law) with initial conditions. This chapter further elaborates the solution procedure. Under certain conditions, characteristics can move closer and closer over time, forming a shock wave. As such, a shock wave solution can be constructed. If multiple paths exist for the shock wave, the Rankine-Hugonoit jump condition is used to choose the correct shock path. Under some conditions, characteristics can move farther and farther apart, forming a rarefaction wave. Hence, a rarefaction wave solution can be constructed. It is possible that the solution is multivalued, in which case the entropy condition is used to choose the unique solution.
Mortality in adults with hypopituitarism: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder with significant morbidity. To study the evidence on the association of premature mortality and hypopituitarism. A comprehensive search of multiple databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus was conducted through August, 2015. Eligible studies that evaluated patients with hypopituitarism and reported mortality estimates were selected following a predefined protocol. Reviewers, independently and in duplicate, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We included 12 studies (published 1996–2015) that reported on 23,515 patients. Compared to the general population, hypopituitarism was associated with an overall excess mortality (weighted SMR of 1.55; 95 % CI 1.14−2.11), I 2 = 97.8 %, P = 0.000. Risk factors for increased mortality included younger age at diagnosis, female gender, diagnosis of craniopharyngioma, radiation therapy, transcranial surgery, diabetes insipidus and hypogonadism. Hypopituitarism may be associated with premature mortality in adults. Risk is particularly higher in women and those diagnosed at a younger age.
Modulating Oxysterol Sensing to Control Macrophage Apoptosis and Atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is the silent underlying cause of acute myocardial infarction and stroke, some of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. Aside from managing risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia, few therapies can be said to directly target atherosclerotic plaque progression partially because of remaining gaps in basic knowledge of the disease. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial injury and deposition of lipids in the subendothelial layer called the intima. Circulating monocytes traffic to the site of injury, transmigrate through the endothelium, and differentiate to macrophages in an attempt to repair damage and remove lipids, much of which include deleterious oxidatively modified forms. Subsequently, plaque macrophages become central players in the progression of atherosclerosis because of a feedforward cycle of rampant lipid accumulation, proinflammatory cytokine release, cell death, and further monocyte recruitment. Article, see p 1296 A major area of focus in the field is in understanding why macrophages cannot efficiently clear lipid and cell debris deposits. Lipid species in the plaque, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), are known to induce apoptotic cell death, though the precise lipid species and signal transduction mechanisms involved are unclear. This apoptotic response may actually be adaptive in the early stages of plaque development because secondary macrophages can adeptly clear apoptotic cells through efferocytosis before cell-intrinsic damage becomes overwhelming (Figure, top left). Indeed, many features of apoptotic cell death, including expression of eat-me surface signals, are purposed toward efferocytic clearance. In contrast, secondary necrosis occurs when apoptotic cells are left unengulfed, resulting in uncontrolled disintegration, release of cytosolic components, and damage to local tissue.1 Advanced plaques lack efficient efferocytosis such that many apoptotic cells progress to secondary necrosis, adding to plaque size and complexity (Figure, top right). Thus, understanding mechanisms of apoptotic cell death in atherosclerotic plaque macrophages and the impact on overall …
New competencies for the 21st century dental public health specialist

The American Board of Dental Public Health (ABDPH) currently recognizes 10 core competencies, which identify the skills, knowledge and understanding expected of all dental public health specialists. The last update to the competencies was 1998. The American Board of Dental Public Health, along with the American Association of Public Health Dentistry and its many partners, initiated a process to revise the competencies. This report presents the process and the new competencies for the dental public health specialist of the 21st century. Each of the developed competencies is supported by a “statement of intent”. These competencies take effect immediately. The new competencies will be used in testing candidates for specialty status beginning with the 2018 ABDPH examination.
Breast MRI and the Benign Breast Biopsy

This chapter, appearing in the section on MRI Findings, Interpretation, and Management, reviews the issues relevant to benign MRI-guided biopsy results. The discussion includes challenges in assessing radiologic-pathologic concordance specific to MRI, approaches for discordant biopsy results, and a review of the literature on appropriate imaging follow-up recommendations for benign concordant MRI-guided breast biopsy results. High risk lesions from MRI-guided biopsy are addressed in a separate chapter.
SECRETION AND RECOVERY OF CATECHOLAMINES BY THE ADRENAL MEDULLA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses secretion and recovery of catecholamines by the adrenal medulla. It is generally accepted that secretion from the adrenal medulla occurs by exocytosis, a process which involves temporary fusion of the catecholamine storage vesicles with the plasma membrane and extrusion of the entire soluble contents of the vesicles directly to the exterior of the cell. Evidence that secretion occurs by exocytosis, was obtained by demonstrating that concurrent with the release of catecholamines other soluble components of the storage vesicles are also released into perfusates of stimulated glands in the same relative amounts, as are present in the intact vesicles. It was showed that ATP or its metabolites and catecholamines are simultaneously released upon stimulation of perfused cat adrenal glands. Some studies demonstrated the simultaneous release of the soluble protein of the storage vesicle and catecholamines, while cytoplasmic proteins such as lactic dehydrogenase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were not released. Subsequently, it was found that dopamine-β-hydroxylase was present in the storage vesicle both in a readily soluble form and in a form tightly bound to the membrane.
Fluorescence polarization assays to measure interactions between Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins and regulatory motifs.

Abstract Fluorescence polarization (FP) is a simple and sensitive method allowing for the quantification of interactions between proteins and fluorescently tagged small molecules like peptides. Heterotrimeric G proteins are critical signal transducing molecules and their activity is controlled by a complex network of regulatory proteins. Some of these regulators have defined short motifs (
Indirect management of full-thickness tracheal erosion in a complex pediatric patient

Prolonged tracheostomy dependence in pediatric patients can be associated with significant complications, including damage to the tracheal wall requiring reconstruction. We present a case of an 8 year-old female with full-thickness tracheal erosion secondary to the presence of a tracheostomy tube combined with a narrow thoracic inlet. A direct tracheal reconstruction was considered but eliminated due to the poor tissue quality of the trachea. Instead, a multi-disciplinary surgical team conceived of a novel indirect approach to manage the patient's tracheal defect. To our knowledge the use of indirect repair of a full-thickness tracheal defect has not been reported in the literature.
Using Network Sciences to Evaluate the Brazilian Airline Network

In the next few years, Brazil will host international events such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympics Games. Given the worldwide appeal of these events, local authorities in Brazil expect the country will have around 1.6 million visitors arriving at its airports (1 million for the Olympics and 600 thousand for the World Cup). Therefore, these events will put to test the robustness of the Brazilian airline transportation system. As of today, Brazil concentrates most of its flights in and out a single hub city: Sao Paulo Airport in Guarulhos (GRU). Is this concentration a problem? Aiming to analyze the hub choices of this network we collected data from the five biggest companies that operate in Brazil with domestic and international flights; together these companies are responsible for more than 94% of the total flight traffic in Brazil. In this paper analyzed the impact of moving today’s main hub, Guarulhos Airport in Sao Paulo (GRU), to other airports around the country—the idea is to understand what is the best configuration for single-hub model in Brazil. We also investigated the robustness of the network having a single hub by analyzing the impact of the removal of this hub from the network. We believe this work may help us understand how the airport infrastructure in Brazil has to be developed in the near future.
Transitioning Adolescents and Young Adults with Medical Complexity

Children with medical complexity account for 0.5–1% of US children. These youth experience a more complex transition of care, and for the purpose of the discussion, they are defined to include youth with rare or multiple chronic conditions and with significant neurocognitive and/or mental health impairments and/or technology dependence. There are distinctly protective factors at play in the transition of this population, including continuity of care by experienced and prepared caregivers, a high frequency of continuity of living in the same home setting, and sustainable and continuous insurance coverage through public disability programs. The unique challenges in this transition process include the need to adjust the existing pediatric treatment and care plan to accommodate for needs once the person reaches adult status, the common need for legal decision-making supports, a process for more in-depth preparation of adult inpatient and outpatient healthcare teams to care for less common and complex conditions of childhood, supports and equipment in home and community settings, prolonged caregiver needs for respite and adult life training, and specialized services leading to particular billing and coding concerns.
The rostral medulla of bullfrog tadpoles contains critical lung rhythmogenic and chemosensitive regions across metamorphosis

The development of amphibian breathing provides insight into vertebrate respiratory control mechanisms. Neural oscillators in the rostral and caudal medulla drive ventilation in amphibians, and previous reports describe ventilatory oscillators and CO2 sensitive regions arise during different stages of amphibian metamorphosis. However, inconsistent findings have been enigmatic, and make comparisons to potential mammalian counterparts challenging. In the current study we assessed amphibian central CO2 responsiveness and respiratory rhythm generation during two different developmental stages. Whole-nerve recordings of respiratory burst activity in cranial and spinal nerves were made from intact or transected brainstems isolated from tadpoles during early or late stages of metamorphosis. Brainstems were transected at the level of the trigeminal nerve, removing rostral structures including the nucleus isthmi, midbrain, and locus coeruleus, or transected at the level of the glossopharyngeal nerve, removing the putative buccal oscillator and caudal medulla. Removal of caudal structures stimulated the frequency of lung ventilatory bursts and revealed a hypercapnic response in normally unresponsive preparations derived from early stage tadpoles. In preparations derived from late stage tadpoles, removal of rostral or caudal structures reduced lung burst frequency, while CO2 responsiveness was retained. Our results illustrate that structures within the rostral medulla are capable of sensing CO2 throughout metamorphic development. Similarly, the region controlling lung ventilation appears to be contained in the rostral medulla throughout metamorphosis. This work offers insight into the consistency of rhythmic respiratory and chemosensitive capacities during metamorphosis.
Learning looping: from natural language to worked examples

One important introductory concept in many CS courses is repetition (looping), the automated repeating of individual commands. In this work, we present results from a study of college undergraduates' naive conceptions of repetition, their difficulties with learning to construct valid repetition statements, and their abilities to apply what they have learned to new problem solving situations. Although computer programming is a new topic when high school or college students encounter it for the first time, students can draw upon their previous life experiences when solving problems. Those conceptions that align with CS topics [2,3] have been shown to be influenced by students' prior experiences. Alignment through analogies can be helpful [1] although where the scientific concept differs, common knowledge can hinder learning [4]. For many students, the topic of looping is their first encounter with nonlinearity in their programs. Until this point, each line of code is executed once, and then control moves to the next line of code. Such linearity makes reasoning about the programs straightforward. With the addition of looping, in the code you will need to evaluate a termination condition and then either repeat prior lines of code, or move to the next statement after the loop. While returning to a previous command or location is not unusual in everyday life and natural language, it is an important change in the way that novices see their code.
Conjoint Marital Therapy: A Practitioner's Approach to Single-System Evaluation:

Although some practitioners are beginning to use single-system evaluation methods with various client problems and treatment perspectives, many practitioners are still unsure about how to use these...
3D Face & 3D Ear Recognition: Process and Techniques

In this paper we present a 3D Face and 3D Ear recognition process and techniques. We develop our own database of 3D Face and 3D Ear. In unimodal biometric system there are so many drawbacks like noise in sensed data, intra class variations, inter class similarities, non-universality and spoof attacks we overcome that drawbacks using multimodal biometric system that’s why we present a robust multimodal biometric human recognition system using the fusion of 3D Face and 3D Ear.3D Biometrics is much more robust to illumination and poses variations than 2D.the face and ear are highly attractive biometric traits for combination because of their physiological structure and location. Besides, both of them can be acquired non-intrusively. Ears are not affected by expressions variations, cosmetic and eye glasses it is a stable biometric.
Dopamine modulates excitatory transmission to orexin neurons in a receptor subtype-specific manner.

Dopamine (DA) can promote or inhibit consummatory and reward-related behaviors by activating different receptor subtypes in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area (LH/PF). Because orexin ne...
In Vivo Tracking of Tissue Engineered Constructs

To date, the fields of biomaterials science and tissue engineering have shown great promise in creating bioartificial tissues and organs for use in a variety of regenerative medicine applications. With the emergence of new technologies such as additive biomanufacturing and 3D bioprinting, increasingly complex tissue constructs are being fabricated to fulfill the desired patient-specific requirements. Fundamental to the further advancement of this field is the design and development of imaging modalities that can enable visualization of the bioengineered constructs following implantation, at adequate spatial and temporal resolution and high penetration depths. These in vivo tracking techniques should introduce minimum toxicity, disruption, and destruction to treated tissues, while generating clinically relevant signal-to-noise ratios. This article reviews the imaging techniques that are currently being adopted in both research and clinical studies to track tissue engineering scaffolds in vivo, with special attention to 3D bioprinted tissue constructs.
Partial truth versus felicitous falsehoods

Elgin has argued that scientific models that are, strictly speaking, inaccurate representations of the world, are epistemically valuable because the “falsehoods” they contain are “felicitous”. Many, including Elgin herself, have interpreted this claim as offering an alternative to scientific realism and “veritism”. In this paper, I will argue that there is a more felicitous interpretation of Elgin’s work: “felicitous falsehoods” do play a role in the epistemic value of inaccurate models, but that role is of instrumental value. Elgin’s view is not best understood as claiming that falsehoods provide scientific understanding in and of themselves, only that they facilitate epistemic access to the fundamental, even if partial, truths that are contained within models. While falsehoods may be felicitous in that they facilitate exemplification, the epistemic value of inaccurate models ultimately relies on their partial accuracy.
Probability Distribution Functions in Diffusion MRI

In this article, we describe some of the properties of the ensemble average diffusion propagator obtained from q-space imaging data. The diffusion propagator gives the probability that a spin (water molecule) moves a distance r during the experimental diffusion time Δ . Under these conditions, one can compute the average pore volume at each voxel along with other measures of diffusion that are related to the structure of the tissue under investigation. It can also be used to compute the orientation distribution function which is typically used to obtain neuronal connectivity of the brain.
Competition in the Promised Land: Black Migration and Northern Labor Markets, 1940-1970

This paper investigates the effects of exporting on wages, specifically the claim that workers are paid higher wages if they are employed in manufacturing plants that export vis-a-vis plants that do not export. Past research on US plants has supported the existence of an export wage premium, though European studies dispute those results calling for more care in econometric investigation to control for worker characteristics. We answer this call developing a matched employee-employer data set linking worker characteristics from the one-in-six long form of the Decennial Household Census to manufacturing establishment data from the Longitudinal Research Database. Analysis focuses on 1990 and 2000 data for the Los Angeles Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area. Our results confirm that the average wage in manufacturing plants that export is greater than that in manufacturing plants that do not export. However, after controlling for worker characteristics such as age, gender, education, race and nationality, the export wage premium vanishes. That is, when comparing workers with similar characteristics, there is no wage difference between exporting and non-exporting plants. These results concord with recent findings from Europe and elsewhere.
Scalable Algorithms for Multivariate Integration with ParAdapt and CUDA

ParAdapt is a numerical integration software based on a classic global adaptive algorithm, which employs GPUs in providing integral evaluations. Based on adaptive region partitioning strategies developed for efficient integration and mapping to GPUs, ParAdapt renders the framework of the global adaptive scheme suitable for general functions in moderate dimensions, say 10 to 25. Speedup values achieved are in the double and triple digits up to very large numbers of subdivisions. While sequential adaptive strategies are generally considered effective for integral dimensions through about 10 or 12, it is our goal to move this threshold up considerably.
Perioperative strategies for the reduction of postoperative pulmonary complications

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), estimated between 2.0% and 5.6% in the general surgical population and 20-70% for upper abdominal and thoracic surgeries, are a significant factor leading to poor patient outcomes. Efforts to decrease the incidence of PPCs such as bronchospasm, atelectasis, exacerbations of underlying chronic lung conditions, infections (bronchitis and pneumonia), prolonged mechanical ventilation, and respiratory failure, begins with a detailed preoperative risk evaluation. There are several available preoperative tests to estimate the risk of PPCs. However, the value of some of these studies to estimate PPCs remains controversial and is still debated. In this review, the preoperative risk assessment of PPCs is examined along with preoperative pulmonary tests to estimate risk, intraoperative, and procedure-associated risk factors for PPCs, and perioperative strategies to decrease PPCs. The importance of minimizing these events is reflected in the fact that nearly 25% of postoperative deaths occurring in the first week after surgery are associated with PPCs. This review provides important information to help clinical anesthesiologists to recognize potential risks for pulmonary complications and allows strategies to create an appropriate perioperative plan for patients.
Search for 5–9 μeV Axions with ADMX Four-Cavity Array

An axion is a particle that could resolve some issues with strong interaction CP symmetry and dark matter. A tunable microwave cavity permeated by a strong external magnetic field can be used to detect axions. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) has developed a four-cavity array design to explore the axion mass range of 5–9 μeV. Tuning of each cavity frequency is done primarily by a coarse tuning rod, with a fine tuning rod used to lock frequencies together. Aluminum prototypes at 1:3 scale have been built and tested. At 300 K, the TM010 frequency varied from 4.4 to 6.4 GHz and crossed three TE modes. Electroplating pure aluminum on the cavity improved the Q factor by 27%. Preliminary results from 4.2 K test showed a 2% reduction of resonant frequency and an improvement in Q by a factor of 2.7 compared to the 300 K values.
Resilience Analysis and Cascading FailureModeling of Power Systems under Extreme Temperatures

In this paper, we propose an AC power flow based cascading failure model that explicitly considers external weather conditions, extreme temperatures in particular, and evaluates the impact of extreme temperature on the initiation and propagation of cascading blackouts. Specifically, load and dynamic line rating changes are modeled due to temperature disturbance, the probabilities for transmission line and generator outages are evaluated, and the timing for each type of events is carefully calculated to decide the actual event sequence. It should be emphasized that the correlated events, in the advent of external temperature changes, could together contribute to voltage instability. Besides, we model undervoltage load shedding and operator re-dispatch as control strategies for preventing the propagation of cascading failures. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by simulation results on the RTS-96 3-area system and it is found that temperature disturbances can lead to correlated load change and line/generator tripping, which together will greatly increase the risk of cascading and voltage instability. Critical temperature change, critical area with temperature disturbance, identification of most vulnerable buses, and comparison of different control strategies are also carefully investigated.
Relative Realism: The Best of Both Worlds

This chapter consists of a discussion of my own brand of scientific realism, namely, Relative Realism, first proposed in Mizrahi (Int Stud Phil Sci 27(4):393–407, 2013). Relative Realism provides a middle ground position between scientific realism and antirealism. I take Relative Realism to be a middle ground position between scientific realism and antirealism because it acknowledges the antirealist’s point that theory evaluation is comparative (see Chap. 5, Sect. 5.3 on the Underconsideration Argument) while, at the same time, retaining the realist’s optimism about science’s ability to get closer to the truth (that is, to make scientific progress). Unlike other realist positions, Relative Realism is not supported by Inferences to the Best Explanation (IBE), such as the Positive Argument (the so-called “no miracles” argument) for scientific realism (see Chap. 4, Sect. 4.1). Instead, the arguments for Relative Realism are deductive arguments from the comparative nature of theory evaluation and the relative nature of the predictive success of scientific theories, and so they are not subject to the criticisms leveled against many of the realist positions in the scientific realism/antirealism debate that rely on IBE. As such, they are arguments that proceed from premises that both scientific realists and antirealists could accept.
Making Sense of the Trump Presidency Through Neustadt’s Presidential Power

This chapter will apply the two main ingredients of power, according to Neustadt, reputation (elite standing), and prestige (mass standing), to Trump’s presidency so far. Both of these lead to the conclusion that Trump occupies a weak power position, or at least, he has failed to guard his power and strategically use it to his advantage. Namely, he has alienated many in the political establishment, even some from his own party. His mendacity and vacillation has hurt him not only with power brokers in DC, but the public at large. Notably, despite some successes and a strong economy his approval ratings are below comparable presidents, and large segments of public don’t trust or admire him. These factors weaken his ability to effectively govern and persuade.
Pollen-wall proteins: localization and enzymic activity.

Cytochemical methods have been used to examine the distribution of acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, esterase, amylase and protease activity and protein in the walls of pollen grains and spores. Enzyme activity was detected in the walls of 50 angiosperm pollens, in pine, and in the spore wall of a species of Equisetum . Activity was absent from the 2 species of ferns examined. The survey covered all major structural pollen types. In all cases enzyme activity was associated principally with the intine, the inner cellulosic part of the wall. In all aperturate grains activity was concentrated in or around the apertural intine; that is, over or near the potential sites of emergence of the pollen tube. Protein concentrations in the intine at these sites could be demonstrated in several pollen types by staining methods and by absorption at 285 nm. Developmental study showed that the enzymes are incorporated in the intine during the early period of wall growth following the release of the spores from the melotic tetrads. During this period, stratified ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum lies adjacent to the inner spore wall over the areas of incorporation. In Cosmos bipinnatus , a composite, the material is incorporated as ribbons or leaflets, which interleave with cellulose lamellae. In other species the wall protein may take the form of granules, tubules or vesicles, embedded in the intine cellulose. At maturity the intine is separated from the spore cytoplasm by an intact plasmalemma, so the wall enzymes are to be regarded as being extracellular. In some species enzyme activity was detected in materials on the surface of the pollen exine derived probably from the surrounding tapetal tissue; however, this was usually insignificant compared with that shown by the intine. The intine enzymes are very readily leachable, and their function is probably connected with the early nutrition of the pollen tube and the penetration of the stigma. It is likely that the wall proteins make up a very large proportion of mobile protein of the pollen grain, and they may therefore be important in pollen allergenicity.
A Prion Epigenetic Switch Establishes an Active Chromatin State

Covalent modifications to histones are essential for development, establishing distinct and functional chromatin domains from a common genetic sequence. Whereas repressed chromatin is robustly inherited, no mechanism has been described that facilitates inheritance of an activated domain. Here we report that the Set3C histone deacetylase scaffold Snt1 can act as a prion that drives the emergence, and transgenerational inheritance, of an activated chromatin state. This prion, which we term [ESI+] for expressed sub-telomeric information, is triggered by transient Snt1 phosphorylation upon cell cycle arrest. Once engaged, the prion reshapes the activity of Snt1, and the Set3C complex, recruiting RNA pol II and interfering with Rap1 binding to activate genes in otherwise repressed sub-telomeric domains. This transcriptional state confers broad resistance to environmental stress, including antifungal drugs. Together, our results provide a robust means by which a prion can facilitate inheritance of an activated chromatin state to provide adaptive benefit.
Queerness Is a Particular Liability: Feeling Rules in College and University LGBTQ Centers.

Organizational sociologists argue that informal and formal rules within workplaces function to increase employee productivity and effectiveness, but can also have negative emotional consequences. Feeling rules, which are the emotional norms that regulate interpersonal interactions within the workplace are not applied equally; white women and professionals of color are expected to display deference in the face of emotionally-charged experiences at work, while their counterparts are given more flexibility in how they could display anger or annoyance. Scholars note that feeling rules work to reproduce extant gendered and racial hierarchies when expectations regarding worker productivity, effectiveness and outcomes are restricted on the basis of social identities. Analyzing sixteen semi-structured interviews with LGBTQ Center staff, we demonstrate the feeling rules are organized around employees' ability to (1) (re)produce trauma in themselves during training sessions and (2) minimize students' and their own anger throughout the workday.
Interactive effects of coping strategies and emotion dysregulation on risk for peer victimization

Abstract The aim of the current longitudinal study was to examine the interactive effects of six common coping strategies (i.e., adult support seeking, friend support seeking, problem solving, humor, passive coping, and cognitive distancing) and emotion (i.e., anger and sadness) dysregulation on concurrent levels and subsequent trajectories of peer victimization over a 2-year period. Participants were 287 predominantly Caucasian students (53.7% boys; ages 6–9) from an elementary school located in the Midwestern United States. Self-reported coping strategies and emotion dysregulation were assessed at baseline; children also provided ratings of peer victimization annually over a 2-year period. Results indicated that the effectiveness of particular coping strategies may depend on children's overt, undercontrolled displays of anger and sadness. Consistent with recent recommendations, these findings suggest that some youth may require interventions that focus on both enhancing emotion regulation skills and teaching strategies for responding to peer victimization in a more adaptive manner.
A critical look at our conservative dairy industry.

Many feel that the dairy industry is far too conservative, meaning it is reluctant to adapt or change when the need arises. Seven conservative conditions, designated “sacred cows” of the dairy industry, need a major overhaul. These are: outdated recruiting methods and industry image; a reluctance to adopt new testing procedures which could increase milk volume and producer returns, especially for the manufacturing milk industry; conservatism in adopting new testing procedures, with particular reference to the electronic fat-testing devices; segmentation and isolation of industry components; producer thefts by fieldmen functioning as procurement personnel rather than trouble-shooters for farm problems; duplication and non-uniformity of inspections; a low priority for promotion and new product development. Elimination of the sacred cows could be accomplished by: tearing down prohibitive and conflicting legislative standards; ceasing to push for restrictive and discriminatory legislation which prohibits the ...
Shock Persistence and the Choice of Foreign Exchange Regime : An Empirical Note from Mexico

The academic and policy debate about optimal foreign exchange rate regimes for emerging economies, has focused more on the theoretical costs and benefits of possible regimes, than on their actual performance. The authors report on what can be called exchange-rate-regime-dependent differential shock persistence - that is, the time output takes to return to its trend after a negative shock - in a sample of countries representing various points on the spectrum of nominal foreign exchange flexibility. They find strong evidence that Mexico's stimulated output recovery after a negative external shock was faster (a third as long) when the country's policymakers let the nominal foreign exchange rate float, than when they fixed it, and much faster than in other developing countries that kept nominal foreign exchange rates constant, especially those that resorted to currency board arrangements to support that constancy. These results are insufficient to guide the choice of regime (they lack general equilibrium value, and are based on a limited sample of countries), but they highlight an important practical consideration in making that choice: How long it takes for output to adjust after negative shocks, is sensitive to the level of rigidity of the foreign exchange regime. This factor may be critical when the social costs of those adjustments are not negligible.
Planes and Biplanes

It is possible to produce self-orthogonal codes from the incidence matrices of symmetric (v,k,λ)-designs. We describe four such methods here, where M is the incidence matrix of the design. Method 3, however, is the one which we exploit in the sequel
W-band Sheet Beam Klystron Research at SLAC

SLAC is developing sheet beam klystron technology for narrow bandwidth, high peak and average power applications from L-band to W-band. Sheet beam devices are advantageous for several reasons. The primary advantage is the increased surface area in the RF circuit which significantly increases the dissipated heat that can be transferred through the circuit. The reduced charge density in the beam decreases the magnetic field required for beam transport and increases the achievable efficiency compared to a pencil-beam tube with the same beam voltage and current. Finally, both the RF circuit and the magnetic focusing system are simpler and less expensive to fabricate. The combination of features provided by a sheet beam klystron make it an ideal source for linear accelerator and high average power applications
Studying (the Theoretical Analysis of) Contemporary American Film, on Thomas Elsaesser and Warren Buckland's Studying Contemporary American Film: A Guide to Movie Analysis

Thomas Elsaesser and Warren Buckland _Studying Contemporary American Film: A Guide to Movie Analysis_ Arnold: London 2002 ISBN 0 340 76206 3 (PB) x + 309 pp.
Globalization and West African Music

The interplay between the forces of globalization and West African music reflects complex processes of adoption and adaptation by West African musicians and their audiences. The pace of globalization and changes in West African popular music accelerated in the latter half of the 20th century due to changes in technology that allowed for more rapid movement of people and ideas. Scholars often make a clear distinction between traditional music and popular music but, as this article shows, the processes that lead to West African musical development blur those lines by linking the past to the present, merging African and non-African musical styles, and highlighting artists who reside in multiple localities and manage a mosaic of cultural resources in the age of globalization.
Photonic analog to digital converter using ultrafast photoconductors

There are many difficulties associated with such high sampling rates. One difficulty is in making sure that the sampling window is sufficiently precise in time, independent of the signal level or of other factors. Optical solutions may be able to improve this sampling precision. Our approach to this problem is to use photoconductive gates to sample electrical signals on a picosecond timescale. Achieving precisely timed delivery of optical pulses to trigger the sampling gates is expected to be relatively straightforward with optics without substantial degradation of the short pulse shape or variation in its arrival time. We are using low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductive switches integrated with very small capacitors.
The Short‐Term Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Labor Market Outcomes

We estimated the short-term effects of symptoms of depression on labor market outcomes using data from the 2004–2009 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. After accounting for the endogeneity of depression through a correlated random effects panel data specification, we found that exhibiting depressive symptoms reduces the likelihood of employment. We did not, however, find evidence of a causal relationship between depressive symptoms and hourly wages or weekly hours worked. Our estimates are substantially smaller than those from previous studies and imply that depressive symptoms reduce the contemporaneous probability of employment by 2.4 percentage points. In addition, we examined the effect of depression on work impairment and found that exhibiting depressive symptoms increases annual work loss days by about 1.4 days (33%), which implies that the annual aggregate productivity loses because of depression-induced absenteeism range from $900m to $1.9bn in 2009 USD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Materials Selection Exercise for Electromagnetic Launcher Rails

Electromagnetic launchers (EML) are currently limited due to rail durability. The rail operating environment consists of large electrical currents, high local temperatures, large electromagnetic loads, and high sliding velocities. The desire to maximize magnetic energy for performance and durability for economic viability are the main objectives in selecting a rail material. A systematic process, often referred to as the Ashby method is used. The three steps include translating the design requirements into objectives and constraints, screening out materials that do not meet basic performance criteria, and ranking material candidates to maximize the objectives. Gouges, grooves, and fracture were identified as the three most life limiting forms of rail damage responsible for durability. Material property tradeoff plots show that magnetic energy and durability are conflicting objectives. A hybrid rail material in the form of a monolayer structure with an electrically conductive substrate and a damage resistant surface layer is the ideal configuration for maximizing the objectives. The results suggest that a conductive substrate, such as copper, is best for maintaining performance by means of magnetic energy and a damage resistant surface material consisting of tungsten, chromium, nickel, or tantalum has the best potential for increasing rail durability.
In vitro functional analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutant of vesicular stomatitis virus, New Jersey serotype, defective in transcription

Abstract The temperature sensitive mutant B1 of vesicular stomatitis virus. New Jersey serotype, previously shown to be defective in primary transcription at the restrictive temperature in vivo (Lesnaw, J. A., and Reichmann, M. E. (1975). Virology 63, 492–504), has been analyzed in vitro in order to locate the site of the temperature-sensitive lesion. Transcribing cores lacking the matrix and glycoproteins were prepared from purified wild-type and B1 virions. In vitro transcription reaction sprimed with the B1 cores were more temperature-sensitive than the corresponding wild-type reactions. In addition, the B1 cores were shown to be more thermolabile than the wild-type cores. Therefore, the B1 temperature-sensitive defect in transcription is amenable to in vitro analysis. The transcribing cores were dissociated into enzyme fractions containing the L and NS proteins, and template fractions containing the N protein and the RNA. Neither fraction contained transcriptase activity when assayed alone, but both homologous and heterologous mixtures of mutant and wild-type enzyme and template fractions were active when assayed at 29°. However, complexes containing the B1 enzyme were totally inactive at 42°, while complexes involving the wild-type enzyme were active at 42°. These results suggested that the B1 enzyme fraction was defective. An alternate method was also employed in which thermal inactivation of the dissociated enzyme and template fractions was carried out prior to reconstitution. Transcriptase activity of the reconstituted complexes was then assayed at 29°. The results revealed that the B1 enzyme fraction was more thermolabile than the wild-type enzyme. Thus, two different in vitro functional analyses place the B1 temperature-sensitive lesion in the enzyme fraction.
Examination of the effect of solvent composition on bonded phase liquid chromatography packings by 13C Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Commercially available bonded phase liquid chromatographic (LC) packings have been examined using 13C Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C FT-NMR). Conditions inside the NMR sample tube were set up to closely mimic the actual conditions inside a LC column. To eliminate any effects of deuterated solvents on the chromatographic packings, an internal reference tube containing the deuterated locking reagent was placed inside the sample tube. Three peaks were seen when 13C FT-NMR analysis was conducted of C8 and C18 packings. The first peak, represented the free methyl group of the carbon chain, the second peak represented the β-CH2 group, the remaining peak, which was usually very large, was the bulk -CH2 peak representing the remaining carbons in the chain. Changes in the shape and size of these peaks with changes in solvent composition of the mobile phase reflected movement of the free methyl group and the remaining CH2 groups in the chain and may be indicative of a conformational change of the bonded phase.