cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endovascular and Thrombolytic Therapy for Upper and Lower Extremity Acute Limb Ischemia

This chapter focuses on the endovascular treatment options for acute limb ischemia (ALI) of the upper and lower extremities, namely, endovascular and thrombolytic therapies. ALI is associated with a high risk of loss of limb and life and thus requires prompt diagnosis. ALI is defined as a vascular emergency characterized by an abrupt loss of limb perfusion that threatens tissue viability presenting within 14 days of symptom onset. More than 200,000 patients suffered from lower extremity ALI in the USA in 2000. Estimated hospital mortality was 10 % and >1 in eight underwent in-hospital amputation. There are four clinical categories of ALI, which include limbs that are viable, marginally threatened, immediately threatened, and irreversibly damaged. Rutherford proposed an algorithm for ALI; after history and physical, Doppler examination confirmation of the diagnosis of ALI, heparin should be initiated. ALI Rutherford category I (if early intervention is appropriate) and IIA patients should proceed to angiography. These patients may undergo catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with or without mechanical thrombectomy or surgical thrombo-embolectomy. For Rutherford category IIB patients, one must consider emergent surgery and late category III, delayed amputation.
Investigating Veterans' Pre-, Peri-, and Post-Deployment Experiences as Potential Risk Factors for Problem Gambling.

Background and aims Gambling disorder and its comorbid diagnoses are observed at higher rates in military veterans than in the general population. A significant research gap exists regarding the relationships of veterans' life and service experiences to problematic gambling. The present study explored pre-, peri-, and post-deployment factors associated with problem gambling in veterans. Methods Veterans of Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (n = 738; 463 males, and 275 females) completed questionnaires via structured telephone interview. We conducted bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses exploring associations among problem-gambling severity and socio-demographic variables, psychiatric comorbidities, and 10 scales of the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory measuring experiences pre-, peri-, and post-deployment. Results Approximately 4.2% of veterans indicated at-risk or probable pathological gambling (ARPG) post-deployment (two or more DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling). Bivariate analyses found more severe gambling in males, higher frequencies of post-traumatic stress disorder, substance dependence, traumatic brain injury, panic disorder, and depression in veterans with ARPG, and higher general harassment during deployment, and lower social support and more stressful life events post-deployment in those with ARPG. In multivariable models, both post-deployment factors remained significantly associated with ARPG. Discussion The study suggests that problem gambling among veterans is related to service experiences, and particularly to life experiences post-deployment. Conclusions Adverse service and life experiences and lack of social support may contribute to the risk of problem gambling in military veterans. Investigation of how Veterans Affairs clinical settings may serve veterans following deployment to prevent behavioral addictions is warranted.
Reservoir sediment sluicing - laboratory study

Experiments are being conducted in a 12.2 meter long, 0.38 meter high, 15 centimeter wide flume to examine the behavior of reservoir sediment deposits in response to sluicing. Crushed walnut shells are used to simulate sediment. Water and sediment discharges range from 1.5 to 3.0 liters per second and 150 to 300 grams per minute, respectively. Results show that both reservoir water and sediment levels can be predicted from known values of normal open channel depth, sluicegate setting, discharge coefficient, and tailwater elevation. The significance of these results are explained.
Mycobacterium marinum and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Three Case Reports

Infection with Mycobacterium marinum is often difficult to diagnose. Infection with M. marinum in the upper extremity may involve the tendon sheaths, producing clinical manifestations such as tenosynovitis and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. We report 3 cases of M. marinum infection of the hand associated with carpal tunnel syndrome during an outbreak in New York City's Chinatown. A combination of carpal tunnel release, flexor tenosynovectomy, and appropriate antibiotics yielded complete resolution of symptoms in all cases.
Mitochondrial genome inheritance and replacement in the human germline.

Mitochondria, the ubiquitous power packs in nearly every eukaryotic cell, contain their own DNA, known as mtDNA, which is inherited exclusively from the mother. The number of mitochondrial genomes varies depending on the cell9s energy needs. The mature oocyte contains the highest number of mitochondria of any cell type, although there is little if any mtDNA replication after fertilization until the embryo implants. This has potential repercussions for mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT; see description of currently employed methods below) used to prevent the transmission of mtDNA‐based disorders. If only a few mitochondria with defective mtDNA are left in the embryo and undergo extensive replication, it might therefore thwart the purpose of MRT. In order to improve the safety and efficacy of this experimental therapy, we need a better understanding of how and which mtDNA is tagged for replication versus transcription after fertilization of the oocyte.
On the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Communications Act of 1934

To celebrate an event's anniversary, as we do here, is to assert its continuing importance. One might well ask, however, what this celebration is about. It is quite arguable that the 1934 Act was an event of only passing importance in the history of communications law and regulation. The chief substantive provisions of the statute were taken, lightly adapted, from earlier statutes. Title II's scheme for the regulation of common carriers came from the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 (by way of the Mann-Elkins Act of 1910); Title III's provisions for the regulation of broadcast and other users of the electromagnetic spectrum came from the Radio Act of 1927.(note 1)
Ambiguity and Innovation: Implications for the Genesis of the Culture Broker1

Essential to the function of an innovator—particularly a group-straddling one such as a “marginal man” or “culture broker”—is the manner in which others view him and the genesis of his mandate to innovate. An account of the genesis of a culture broker in a Yucatan peasant community suggests that ambiguity during the development of the innovator role may allow novel behavior while retarding negative sanction. The case described may help us understand the manner in which culture-straddling brokers arise and receive permission to innovate.
A Study of Sexual Relationship Power among Young Women Who Inject Drugs and Their Sexual Partners.

Background To date, research applying the Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS) has been limited to sexual risk behaviors. Objective We measured levels of sexual relationship power and examined associations between sexual relationship power and injecting and sexual behaviors that place women at increased risk for blood borne infections. Methods Using data from a cross-sectional study of young women who inject drugs (WWID) in San Francisco, USA, logistic regression analysis identified independent associations between SRPS and subscale scores (relationship control [RC] and decision making dominance [DMD]) and injecting and sexual behaviors. Results Of the 68 young WWID, 24 (34%) reported receptive syringe sharing, 38 (56%) reused/shared a cooker to prepare drugs, and 25 (37%) injected someone else's drug residue during the three-months prior to enrollment. Most (60, 88%) reported condomless sex with main sex-partner, 8 (12%) reported transactional sex, and 36 (53%) had two or more recent sex partners. The median SRPS score was 2.98 (IQR: 2.65, 3.18), 3.23 (IQR: 3.23, 3.57) for RC and 2.40 (IQR: 2.20, 2.60) for DMD. No significant associations were detected between SRPS or DMD and injecting or sexual risk behaviors. After adjusting for gender and years injecting, for every one-point increase in RC, women had a 6.70 lower odds of recent condomless sex (95%CI: 0.92, 50.00, p = 0.06), and a 3.90 lower odds of recent transactional sex (95%CI: 1.22, 12.50, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our study findings suggest that some components of sexual relationship power may play a role in sexual risk, but not in injecting risk.
Intercomparison of the Gulf Stream in ocean reanalyses: 1993−2010

Abstract In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of high-resolution ocean reanalysis products. This paper compares aspects of the Gulf Stream (GS) from the Florida Straits to south of the Grand Banks—particularly Florida Strait transport, separation of the GS near Cape Hatteras, GS properties along the Oleander Line (from New Jersey to Bermuda), GS path, and the GS north wall positions—in 13 widely used global reanalysis products of various resolutions, including two unconstrained products. A large spread across reanalysis products is found. HYCOM and GLORYS2v4 stand out for their superior performance by most metrics. Some common biases are found in all discussed models; for example, the velocity structure of the GS near the Oleander Line is too symmetrical and the maximum velocity is too weak compared with observations. Less than half of the reanalysis products show significant correlations (at the 95% confidence level) with observations for the GS separation latitude at Cape Hatteras, the GS transport, and net transport across Oleander Line. The cross-stream velocity structure is further discussed by a theoretical model idealizing GS as a smoothed PV front.
Treating Cocaine Addiction, Obesity, and Emotional Disorders by Viral Gene Transfer of Butyrylcholinesterase

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a plasma enzyme that hydrolyses the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine relatively well, with far lower efficiency than acetylcholinesterase (AChE) but with the capability to degrade a broad range of bioactive esters. AChE is universally understood as essential to cholinergic neurotransmission, voluntary muscle performance, and cognition, among other roles, and its catalytic impact is essential for life. A total absence of BChE activity, whether by enzyme inhibition or simple lack of enzyme protein is not only compatible with life, but does not lead to obvious physiologic disturbance. However, very recent studies at Mayo Clinic have amassed support for the concept that BChE does have a true physiological role as a "ghrelin hydrolase" and, pharmacologically, as a cocaine hydrolase. Human subjects and animal mutations that lack functional BChE show higher than normal levels of ghrelin, an acylated peptide that drives hunger and feeding, along with certain emotional behaviors. Mice treated by viral gene transfer of BChE show higher plasma levels of enzyme and lower levels of ghrelin. Ghrelin is acknowledged as a driver of food-seeking and stress. This brief review examines some key phenomena and considers means of modulating BChE as treatments for cocaine addiction, anxiety, aggression, and obesity.
Science and Its Limits

William Ruckelshaus, in his beautiful essay “Risk, Science and Democracy,”1 has expressed very clearly what I shall call the regulator’s dilemma. “During the past 15 years there has been a shift in public emphasis from visible and demonstrable problems, such as smog from automobiles and raw sewage, to potential and largely invisible problems, such as the effects of low concentrations of toxic pollutants on human health. This shift is notable for two reasons. First, it has changed the way in which science is applied to practical questions of public health protection and environmental regulation. Second, it has raised difficult questions as to how to manage chronic risks within the context of free and democratic institutions.”1
Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism associated with relatively low 1:25 vitamin D levels post-renal transplant can be successfully treated with oral calcitriol.

Since endogenous 1:25 vitamin D (1:25VD) is principally involved with involution of secondary hyperparathyroidism post-renal transplant we correlated 1:25VD levels with intact PTH in 82 random patients with a serum creatinine of 200 pg/ml. Of concern, 20% of 73 patients had 1:25VD deficiency (< 15 pg/ml). This may not have been previously appreciated because of the number of patients studied. Like previous investigators, we failed to understand why 1:25VD levels were relatively low. There was no correlation between 1:25VD and serum creatinine. Of 25 patients with a serum creatinine of 1.4 or less, there were 10 patients (40%) with 1:25VD of less than 20 pg/ml. Since persistently high PTH can contribute to bone demineralization, which is not uncommon post-transplant, we treated 8 patients with small doses of oral 1:25VD (rocaltrol). In less than 6 months PTH levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 patients. The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. Monitoring for PTH and 1:25VD will help prevent bone disease post-transplant now that rocaltrol is available.
A global analysis of gene expression in Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 grown on cellulose and soluble sugars at different growth rates

Cellulose is the most abundant biological polymer on earth, making it an attractive substrate for the production of next-generation biofuels and commodity chemicals. However, the economics of cellulose utilization are currently unfavorable due to a lack of efficient methods for its hydrolysis. Fibrobacter succinogenes strain S85, originally isolated from the bovine rumen, is among the most actively cellulolytic mesophilic bacteria known, producing succinate as its major fermentation product. In this study, we examined the transcriptome of F. succinogenes S85 grown in continuous culture at several dilution rates on cellulose, cellobiose, or glucose to gain a system-level understanding of cellulose degradation by this bacterium. Several patterns of gene expression were observed for the major cellulases produced by F. succinogenes S85. A large proportion of cellulase genes were constitutively expressed, including the gene encoding for Cel51A, the major cellulose-binding endoglucanase produced by this bacterium. Moreover, other cellulase genes displayed elevated expression during growth on cellulose relative to growth on soluble sugars. Growth rate had a strong effect on global gene expression, particularly with regard to genes predicted to encode carbohydrate-binding modules and glycoside hydrolases implicated in hemicellulose degradation. Expression of hemicellulase genes was tightly regulated, with these genes displaying elevated expression only during slow growth on soluble sugars. Clear differences in gene expression were also observed between adherent and planktonic populations within continuous cultures growing on cellulose. This work emphasizes the complexity of the fiber-degrading system utilized by F. succinogenes S85, and reinforces the complementary role of hemicellulases for accessing cellulose by these bacteria. We report for the first time evidence of global differences in gene expression between adherent and planktonic populations of an anaerobic bacterium growing on cellulose at steady state during continuous cultivation. Finally, our results also highlight the importance of controlling for growth rate in investigations of gene expression.
A photometer array for atmospheric gravity wave measurements on the Lower Atmosphere Ionosphere Coupling Experiment (LAICE) mission.

The photometer payload of the lower atmosphere ionosphere coupling experiment CubeSat mission will observe and characterize atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) propagation through the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region of Earth’s atmosphere on a global scale. AGW characteristics will be measured via passive observation of airglow emission from atmospheric O2(b1Σg+) at 762.0 nm (O2A) and Herzberg I O2(A3Σu+−X3Σg−) at 277.0 nm (O2HI) under nighttime conditions. The photometer payload consists of a seven-element array of photomultiplier tubes grouped into four channels, which will measure O2A intensity at two emission wavelengths, O2HI band intensity at a single emission wavelength, and ambient background intensity at 770.0 nm. AGW horizontal wavelength will be measured from O2A band airglow perturbations related to rotational temperature and density, while vertical wavelength will be determined from the phase relationship between the O2HI and O2A bands. Wave number and wave amplitude will be used to determine the extent of energy and momentum flux associated with the wave. This is important in understanding the global distribution of high frequency waves which carry the bulk of the influence of wave energy and momentum flux from lower altitudes into the mesosphere. This can only be measured from space by nadir viewing. To our knowledge, nadir viewing of mesospheric airglow to quantify intrinsic properties of gravity waves from space has not been performed to date.The photometer payload of the lower atmosphere ionosphere coupling experiment CubeSat mission will observe and characterize atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) propagation through the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region of Earth’s atmosphere on a global scale. AGW characteristics will be measured via passive observation of airglow emission from atmospheric O2(b1Σg+) at 762.0 nm (O2A) and Herzberg I O2(A3Σu+−X3Σg−) at 277.0 nm (O2HI) under nighttime conditions. The photometer payload consists of a seven-element array of photomultiplier tubes grouped into four channels, which will measure O2A intensity at two emission wavelengths, O2HI band intensity at a single emission wavelength, and ambient background intensity at 770.0 nm. AGW horizontal wavelength will be measured from O2A band airglow perturbations related to rotational temperature and density, while vertical wavelength will be determined from the phase relationship between the O2HI and O2A bands. Wave number and wave amplitude will be used to determine ...
Clinical presentation, natural history and outcomes of intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations.

Objective There is a paucity of literature investigating the clinical course of patients with spinal intramedullary cavernous malformations (ISCMs). We present a large case series of ISCMs to describe clinical presentation, natural history and outcomes of both surgical and conservative management. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical course of patients diagnosed with ISCMs at our institution between 1995 and 2016. Haemorrhage was defined as clinical worsening in tandem with imaging changes visualised on follow-up MRI. Outcomes assessed included neurological status and annual haemorrhage rates. Results A total of 107 patients met inclusion criteria. Follow-up data were available for 85 patients. While 21 (24.7%) patients underwent immediate surgical resection, 64 (75.3%) were initially managed conservatively. Among this latter group, 16 (25.0%) suffered a haemorrhage during follow-up and 11 (17.2%) required surgical resection due to interval bleeding or neurological worsening. The overall annual risk of haemorrhage was 5.5% per person year. The rate among patients who were symptomatic and asymptomatic on presentation was 9.5% and 0.8%, respectively. Median time to haemorrhage was 2.3 years (0.1–12.3). Univariate analysis identified higher ISCM size (p=0.024), history of prior haemorrhage (p=0.013) and presence of symptoms (p=0.003) as risk factors for subsequent haemorrhage. Multivariable proportional hazards analysis revealed presence of symptoms to be independently associated with haemorrhage during follow-up (HR 9.39, CI 1.86 to 170.8, p=0.013). Conclusion Large, symptomatic ISCMs appear to be at increased risk for subsequent haemorrhage. Surgery may be considered in such lesions to prevent rebleeding and subsequent neurological worsening.
Highway Infrastructure: Issues Concerning Private-Sector Participation

This paper examines the economic issues and evidence surrounding the role of the private sector in providing highway infrastructure. The focus is on public-private partnerships (PPPs) or long-term concession agreements between governments and private firms. PPP proponents have called for shifting infra- structure construction to the private sector to take advantage of more efficient provision of projects and the transfer of project risk from taxpayers to investors. Evidence from the United States and abroad does not consistently support this contention, although limitations in the research paradigms make a significant portion of the evidence of limited value. It is likely that idiosyncratic issues related to a particular project and the type of government involvement or over- sight come into play. Another issue associated with expanding the use of PPPs for public investment is the design of concession contracts. Some contracts are renegotiated, distorting incentives for bidding up front and for efficient production once the project moves forward. To get the incentives right, PPPs should involve competitive bidding, no contract renegotiation, and the potential for bankruptcy for participating private firms who overestimate the revenues that can be generated or underestimate the costs in their initial bids.
Ontogeny of Parasomnias

Ontogeny may contribute to the appearance and/or disappearance of both normal and abnormal parasomnias in humans. Parasomnias are unusual or undesirable motor, behavioral, and/or experiential events that occur during (or in the transitions from and to) sleep. Many parasomnias may represent the release or expression of neocortical inhibition of brainstem and spinal cord central pattern generators (CPGs) during sleep. CPGs are neural networks that can endogenously (without neocortical input) produce rhythmic motor movements. CPGs underline the development and production of most rhythmic motor patterns. After infancy, CPGs are usually suppressed by the cerebral neocortex when awake. Release or lack of inhibition of CPGs during sleep is likely to lead to sleepwalking, sleep terrors, confusional arousals, sleep bruxism, periodic limb movements during sleep, sleep-related expiratory groaning, sleep-related eating, and faciomandibular myoclonus. Pruning of brain synapses is part of normal brain development in infants and children. Pruning results in downregulation of GABAergic projections from the cerebral cortex to the brainstem and/or diminished serotoninergic inhibition of the spinal cord as well as neurotransmitter changes that may play a key role in the pathogenesis of sleep/wake transition and nonrapid eye movement arousal parasomnias. During this tender time of pruning, regulation of CPGs may be particularly impaired, permitting expression of the CPGs.
Reporting Practices on Immunosuppression and Rejection Management in Face Transplantation: A Systematic Review

Background Face transplantation is a demanding operation requiring complex planning and expert technical performance. While the documentation of successes of the first transplants is impressive, there are lacunae in reporting of institutional protocols for other critical operation components, namely, immunosuppression, graft surveillance, and management of rejection and graft failure. The purpose of this review is to assess protocol reporting by face transplant teams to determine where we, as a plastic surgery community, can improve. Methods A systematic review of PubMed was conducted to identify literature on face transplants published from November, 2005, starting with the first successful transplant to December, 2018. English-language articles were reviewed for reporting of protocols on antimicrobial prophylaxis, immunosuppression, graft surveillance, and management of rejection and graft failure. Results A total of 44 face transplantation patients were identified. Protocols for antimicrobial prophylaxis, immunosuppressive induction, and maintenance immunosuppression were reported for 61%, 75%, and 73% of patients, respectively. Protocols for graft surveillance and medical management of rejection were reported for 70% of patients in both cases. Surgical salvage strategies to manage graft failure were documented for 43% of patients. Conclusion The current literature on face transplantation does not include consistent reporting on critical aspects of patient care. Medical protocols outlining guidelines for immunosuppression, graft surveillance, and management of rejection and graft failure are the most critical factors determining overall transplant success. However, they are underreported in the literature. Development and communication of standardized protocols is essential to improve patient outcomes and maximize the results of this procedure.
Sacroiliac Joint Injection

Chronic pain related to sacroiliac joint pathology is very difficult to accurately diagnose and is for the most part underappreciated. The sacroiliac joint is a complex structure subject to axial loads transmitted from the spine and often involved in inflammatory processes either primary or secondary. A plethora of therapeutic sacroiliac joint interventions have been used over the years including corticosteroid injections, radiofrequency ablation, surgery, and neuromodulation. To this day most of these interventions remain controversial from both a diagnostic and therapeutic perspective.
Effect of power history on pellet-cladding interaction

Abstract In this paper, the mechanical pellet-cladding interaction (PCI) is studied under various power histories. We find that the power history significantly affects possible PCI failure. PCI during the thermal transient period of power ramping occurs in such a way that crack-mouth opening increases regardless of when contact is initiated, before or during power ramping. The crack-mouth opening continues to increase further during the thermal steady state (during the power ramp). Conversely, PCI initiated either during the thermal steady-state power ramp or during the normal operation (with no power ramp) leads to decrease in crack-mouth opening. As a consequence, PCI initiated before power ramping or during the transient period of power ramping leads to high local tensile hoop stress. In contrast, PCI initiated during the thermal steady state of power ramping or during the normal operation without power ramping leads to local compressive hoop stress. In the former case, PCI failure near the crack tip might be anticipated (by either brittle failure during the transient power ramp or failure during the steady-state power ramp), whereas in the latter case, it is suppressed.
Photoneutron Cross Sections of Pb 206 , Pb 207 , Pb 208 , and Bi 209

Cross sections for ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, n$) and ($\ensuremath{\gamma}, 2n$) reactions on ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{206}$, ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{207}$, ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{208}$, and ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{209}$ have been measured using monochromatic gamma rays having an energy resolution of 3%. The peak cross sections for $\ensuremath{\sigma}[(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n)+(\ensuremath{\gamma}, np)]$ are 515, 475, 495, and 515 mb, respectively, and for $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, 2n)$ are 76, 80, 117, and 105 mb, respectively. Integrated cross sections for $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n)$ up to 28 MeV are 2.22, 2.05, 1.96, and 2.17 MeV-b, while for $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, 2n)$ are 0.56, 0.60, 0.95, and 0.76 MeV-b, respectively. Level-density parameters for the residual nuclei ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{205}$, ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{206}$, ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{207}$, and ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{208}$ were found to be 6.6, 13.5, 9.6, and 10.2 Me${\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively, each determined to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 11%. Values obtained for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{-}2}$ are 15.6, 14.5, 14.1, and 16.6 mb/MeV, respectively.
Exploring Weak Strategy-Proofness in Voting Theory

Voting is the aggregation of individual preferences in order to select a winning alternative. Selection of a winner is accomplished via a voting rule, e.g., rank-order voting, majority rule, plurality rule, approval voting. Which voting rule should be used? In social choice theory, desirable properties of voting rules are expressed as axioms to be satisfied. This thesis focuses on axioms concerning strategic manipulation by voters. Sometimes, voters may intentionally misstate their true preferences in order to alter the outcome for their own advantage. For example, in plurality rule, if a voter knows that their top-choice candidate will lose, then they might instead vote for their second-choice candidate just to avoid an even less desirable result. When no coalition of voters can strategically manipulate, then the voting rule is said to satisfy the axiom of Strategy-Proofness. A less restrictive axiom is Weak Strategy-Proofness (as defined by Dasgupta and Maskin (2019)), which allows for strategic manipulation by all but the smallest coalitions. Under certain intuitive conditions, Dasgupta and Maskin (2019) proved that the only voting rules satisfying Strategy-Proofness are rank-order voting and majority rule. In my thesis, I generalize their result, by proving that rank-order voting and majority rule are surprisingly still the only voting rules satisfying Weak Strategy-Proofness.
Theorizing the SISE Approach

Chapter 2 presents a discussion and analysis of the relevant scholarship that has informed the design and implementation of the Structural Inquiry of Stigmatized Englishes (SISE) approach. The chapter begins with an argument for increased focus on pedagogy within the field of linguistics, followed by a case for the linguistics classroom, and particularly the introductory course, as an essential site for the dissemination of research on linguistic inequality. The chapter continues with a review of current scholarship that proposes similar pedagogical answers to the problem of linguistic inequality, showing how the SISE approach adds a new perspective to linguists’ work in this area by bringing a pedagogical solution to the college level, to the field of linguistics, and to a focus on the linguistically privileged rather than the linguistically marginalized. The chapter concludes with a theoretical rationale for the design of the curriculum: incorporating structural analysis with the study of the social impact of linguistic inequality, translingualism, and intercultural communication.
Psychobiological markers of allostatic load in depressed and nondepressed mothers and their adolescent offspring

Background A substantial body of research has emerged suggesting that depression is strongly linked to poor physical health outcomes, which may be partly due to increased allostatic load across stress response systems. Interestingly, health risks associated with depression are also borne by the offspring of depressed persons. Our aim was to simultaneously investigate whether maternal depression is associated not only with increased allostatic load across cardiac control, inflammation, cellular aging, but also if this is transmitted to adolescent children, possibly increasing the risk for early onset of psychiatric conditions and disease in these offspring. Methods A preregistered, case-control study of 180 low-income mothers (50% mothers depressed, 50% mothers nondepressed) and their adolescent offspring was conducted to determine how depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring systematically differ in terms of autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic cardiac control; inflammation; cellular aging; and behavioral health in offspring, which are indicators suggestive of higher allostatic load. Results Findings indicate that depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring differ in terms of comorbid mental and physical health risk profiles that are suggestive of higher allostatic load. Findings indicate that depressed mothers exhibit elevated resting heart rate and decreased heart rate variability, and adolescent offspring of depressed mothers exhibit greater mental health symptoms, elevated heart rate, and accelerated biological aging (shorter telomeres). These effects persisted after controlling for a range of potential covariates, including medication use, sex, age, and adolescents' own mental health symptoms. Conclusions Findings indicate that maternal depression is associated with increased allostatic load in depressed women and their adolescent children, possibly increasing risk for early onset of psychiatric conditions and disease in these offspring. Future research is needed to delineate why some biological systems are more impacted than others and to explore how findings might inform preventative programs targeted at adolescent offspring of depressed mothers.
An ODE-Enabled Distributed Transient Stability Analysis for Networked Microgrids

Networked microgrid (NMG) exhibits noteworthy resiliency and flexibility benefits for the mutual support from neighboring microgrids. With high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the associated controls, the transient stability analysis of NMGs is of critical significance. To address the issues of computation burdens and privacy in the centralized transient analysis, this paper devises an ordinary differential equation (ODE)-enabled distributed transient stability (DTS) methodology for NMGs. First, an ODE-based microgrid model is established to capture the dynamics in the droop control of DERs as well as network and load. Further, a distributed DTS is devised for the ODE representation of an NMG, allowing a privacy-preserving transient analysis of each microgrid while accurately reconstructing the frequency dynamics under droop controls in all DERs. Extensive tests are performed to verify the validity of the ODE-based microgrid model through both dynamic response and eigenvalue analysis, and the efficacy of the DTS algorithm in simulating the large signal responses and the frequent fluctuations in NMG.
Survey of trends in authorship assignment in gynecologic oncology: Keeping score and playing fair.

Abstract Authorship confers credit to those responsible for a publication. In 1985, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors criteria were founded to standardize authorship assignment. We sought to investigate practices and values in authorship assignment in Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) members. An anonymous online survey was distributed to SGO members from 09/2018–10/2018. Three multivariable logistic regression models were fit to predict ICJME authorship acceptance, assignment and denial. Of 1111 members surveyed, 266 responses were received (23.9%); 30.6% reported prior authorship assignment that did not meet ICMJE criteria, and 18.8% (n = 50) reported a history of accepting authorship not meeting ICJME criteria. Reasons for non-adherence included: inclusion of the author’s patients in the study (59.3%), resume building (45.7%), and networking for career advancement (22.2%). The majority responded that ICJME criteria were generalizable (91.3%), helpful (83.8%), and considered non-adherence as scientific misconduct (66.0%). On multivariable analysis, practice duration of 5–20 years (HR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16, 0.99, p 20 years (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08, 0.59, p 20 years (HR 25.9, 95% CI 1.06, 3.9, p
Statehood: the Essential Prerequisite for Law and Liberty

The attempt to subject Poland and Hungary to procedures under EU law for allegedly not respecting European values has its roots both in the supranational nature of the EU project and also in the differing concepts of the nation in the Eastern and Western halves of the continent. The hegemonic West is deeply post-modern while former Communist states have retained some faith in the nation. Globalisation generally, and the EU project in particular, are based on functionalist assumptions whose origins lie in the early 19th century, yet these fail to understand the eminently political nature of law: all jurisdictions are rooted in society and the state and it is the role of government to adjudicate between the competing claims of citizens. This makes it very difficult, impossible even, to formulate universal rights since their formulation and application depend on interpretation, i.e. on jurisdiction, and therefore on the sovereignty of the ultimate decision-maker.
Innovative Work Zone Capacity Models from Nationwide Field and Archival Sources

Freeway work zone capacity has been the focus of significant research, but most studies were limited to specific geographic regions or work zone configurations or both. To date, no work zone predictive capacity model exists for U.S. freeways that is based on a geographically representative data set or sensitive to key geometric and operational attributes of the work zone. This paper proposes a new capacity model for freeway work zones, developed from nationwide field data fused with data obtained from an in-depth review of archived literature of prior work zone capacity studies in the United States. The proposed model estimates work zone capacity as a function of the lane closure severity index, barrier type, area type, lateral clearances, and daytime or nighttime work conditions. The model was successfully validated with 25% of the combined data that were not used for the model development. In addition, findings from literature archives suggested a 13.4% difference between prebreakdown, uninterrupted cap...
Single and Multiple Gene Manipulations in Mouse Models of Human Cancer

Mouse models of human cancer play a critical role in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Advances continue to be made in modeling human disease in a mouse, though the relevance of a mouse model often relies on how closely it is able to mimic the histologic, molecular, and physiologic characteristics of the respective human cancer. A classic use of a genetically engineered mouse in studying cancer is through the overexpression or deletion of a gene. However, the manipulation of a single gene often falls short of mimicking all the characteristics of the carcinoma in humans; thus a multiple gene approach is needed. Here we review genetic mouse models of cancers and their abilities to recapitulate human carcinoma with single versus combinatorial approaches with genes commonly involved in cancer.
Being the Advocate-Disseminating Knowledge About Financial Exploitation to the Community

Healthcare providers are in a unique position to participate in advocacy and guide education regarding financial exploitation of the elderly. Advocacy can be provided through public policy/legislation; national, state, and local organizations; grassroots; micro level; and the media. Furthermore, forming coalitions with other stakeholders (law enforcement, financial institutions, advocacy groups, legal advisors, government organizations, and faith-based organizations) is critical to address this issue in a comprehensive manner.
Application of Heuristic Teaching Method in Art Education

The paper starts from the point of the requirements of art education development, analyzes and discusses how to implement modern art ideas in art teaching process, applies effective heuristic teaching method to open the creative inspiration of students and cultivate their creative ability and achieve the educational purpose of forming perfect personality. The heuristic teaching method in art education varies from person to person, and therefore, it also the teaching method varying with different cultures. It is good to solve the contradiction of generality and particularity of art education, the art education can take into account the pluralistic characteristics of nations and cultures when implementing the fundamental principle of education, it can also consider the characteristics of the traditional culture and teach students in accordance with their aptitude, adopt different treatments in education according to the culture differences, so as to complete the teaching task of art education excellently.
Cell-mediated immunity and the outcome of HCV infection in chimpanzees

Publisher Summary Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global public health problem. The common chimpanzee Pan troglodytes is the only animal model for human HCV infection, and emerging data suggest that mechanisms of protective immunity and viral persistence are identical in both species. The few individuals who spontaneously resolve infection have robust cell-mediated immune responses. CD4 + and CD8+ T helper cells targeting multiple class II and class I restricted epitopes, respectively, are found in the peripheral blood and the liver of chimpanzees and humans coincident with the termination of plasma viremia. Lifelong infection in the majority of chimpanzees and humans is characterized by low-frequency T-lymphocyte responses that appear to be largely compartmentalized to the liver. These data suggest that the same lesion in host immunity facilitates the persistence of the virus in both species. Thus, the chimpanzee model is likely to be important for the development of vaccines and other immunotherapies designed to terminate ongoing HCV replication.
Present Status and Future Plans for the Two Color Astrometric Interferometer Project

A 3-meter two telescope stellar interferometer has been used to observe fringes for the past year in order to study the feasibility of using long baseline interferometers for astrometry. We have demonstrated that two color fringe measurements are capable of significantly reducing the astrometric error due to atmospheric turbulence. Currently, we are investigating the thermal and mechanical sources of error in the instrument. The results of our study will be incorporated into the design of the 20 meter astrometric interferometer which will be built in the next 1–2 years. The key to the 20-meter interferometer is the laser system which we expect to monitor all the mechanical and thermal imperfections relevant to astrometry at the 10™3 to 10™4 arc sec level. A slight modification of this system could be used in a space based interferometer for 1 to 10 microarcsecond astrometry of faint objects.
Isolation of an α-Mannosidase Which Hydrolyzes Yeast Mannan STRUCTURE OF THE BACKBONE OF YEAST MANNAN

A soil microorganism has been isolated which will grow on yeast mannan as the sole carbon source. The organism secretes into the cultural medium an α-mannosidase which appears to act as an exoglycosidase and removes the short α-1,2′- and α-1,3′-linked mannose side chains of the mannan molecule to leave a resistant core composed of a linear α-1,6′-linked mannose polymer. This provides the first direct proof that yeast mannan contains such a backbone structure. While the mannosidase does not appear to degrade the 1,6′-linked backbone, it does hydrolyze α-1,6′-mannobiose as well as the α-1,2′ and α-1,3′-linked oligosaccharides obtained from yeast mannan by acetolysis. It is not yet known whether this reflects a broad substrate specificity or the presence of several different proteins in the preparation. The enzyme may be useful for studies on the yeast cell wall and on mannose-containing glycoproteins.
The Social Origins of Ugandan Presidents: from King to Peasant Warrior

RESUMEIl faut distinguer la democratie electorale de la democratie structurelle. Tandis que la premiere implique l'exercice du vote et un affranchissement elargi, ta seconde se traduit par le recrutement d'elites dans des secteurs sous-privilegies de la societe. Le premier president de l'Ouganda, Sir Edward Mutesa, etait roi, elu par le Parlement a la presidence. D'un point de vue electoral, sa presidence etait la plus democratique qui soit. Le troisieme president de l'Ouganda, Idi Amin, est un soldat paysan tire du monde rural. D'un point de vue structurel, c'est sa presidence a lui qui est la plus democratique. Entre Amin et Mutesa se situe le regne du president Obole, eduque a Makerere, descendant de chef et issu fondamentalement de ta classe moyenne.A son tour, la democratie structurelle comporte trois dimensions. Selon ta premiere, les privileges hereditaires s'effacent devant la concurrence des qualifications: ainsi, Mutesa obtint la presidence en partie grâce a ses privileges royaux hereditaires, a...
Fracture Toughness Testing Using the C-Shaped Specimen

Fracture toughness testing of material with cylindrical geometry is discussed, and the inherent advantages of the C-shaped specimen in this situation are given. A K calibration equation for the C-shaped specimen is presented which is based on boundary value collocation results. The C-shaped specimen K calibration is compared with those for the standard compact specimen and the single-edge-notched bar specimen. Guidelines for measuring plane-strain fracture toughness (K I c ) using the C-shaped specimen are described, including (a) a K I calibration which applies over a wide range of diameter ratios and to two load point locations in segments of hollow cylinders, as well as over a range of crack lengths, (b) compliance and crack-mouth-displacement analyses and their use to obtain critical value of K, in a fracture toughness test, and (c) suggested specimen geometries to be used in performing K I c tests with C-shaped specimens. The use of C-shaped specimens for performing J-integral fracture toughness tests and fatigue crack growth tests is described, and some preliminary testing guidelines are offered. Included are suggested methods of load-point-displacement measurement for J-integral tests and suggestions for the geometry and K calibration which could be used in fatigue tests.
Foundations of vision

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1997, Vol 42(7), 649-649. In Foundations of Vision (see record 1995-98050-000), Brian Wandell divides the study of vision into three parts: encoding, representation, and interpretation. Each part is designed to inform students on
Observed regional and climatological associations between spring and summer precipitation over northern central Eurasia

Regional patterns of association between spring and summer precipitation over northern central Eurasia are examined based on 60 years (1936-1995) of station precipitation records. Rotated principal component analysis and correlation analysis are performed to reveal regional teleconnections. This study found that summer precipitation is positively correlated with spring precipitation over areas east of the Caspian Sea and west of China. Summer precipitation over and west of the northern Ural Mountains is positively correlated, while summer precipitation over central Siberia is negatively correlated to spring precipitation over northern European Russia. Persistent summer wind anomalies in the middle and lower troposphere are found to be associated with spring precipitation conditions and thus may be responsible for the observed summer precipitation anomalies. Also, orographic lifting may be another contributor to enhanced local moisture recycling in the identified areas. Knowledge of regional patterns of association between summer and spring precipitation will help us to better predict summer precipitation anomalies, especially regarding the possible persistence of droughts.
Domain position detection MAMMOS

This paper introduces a new technique for reading and writing data in a MAMMOS system in which the position rather than the presence of domains is detected. We will refer to this new technique as domain position detection or DPD-MAMMOS. DPD-MAMMOS has several advantages over conventional MAMMOS and mitigates a number of common problems. Through computer simulation, it is shown how this technique can increase power margins and increase storage density. At the same time, DPD-MAMMOS eliminates the need for clock recovery, and relaxes the requirements on coil design.