cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Screw dislocation mobility in BCC Metals: a refined potential description for α-Fe

In this work, we seek to develop a new interatomic potential for α-Fe that is able to rationalize experimental flow stress data. We generate a series of potentials with similar bulk and point defect properties, but exhibit different energetic landscapes for the Peierls potential. The family of potentials all possess a compact core structure, which we find necessitates a camel-hump shaped Peierls potential. Within this constraint, we analyze the relationships between the Peierls potential, the 3-D kink nucleation energetics, and the resulting shape of the kink structures for the screw dislocation. We find that one of our models, labeled MPG20, gives very good agreement with experimental flow stress data over the entire stress range considered.
X-ray diffraction studies on merohedrally twinned Δ1-62NtNBCe1-A crystals of the sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter

NBCe1-A membrane-embedded macromolecules that cotransport sodium and bicarbonate ions across the bilayer serve to maintain acid–base homeostasis throughout the body. Defects result in a number of renal and eye disorders, including type-II renal tubular acidosis and cataracts. Here, crystals of a human truncated mutant of the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain of NBCe1 (Δ1–62NtNBCe1-A) are reported that diffract X-rays to 2.4 A resolution. The crystal symmetry of Δ1–62NtNBCe1-A is of space group P31 with pseudo-P3121 symmetry and it has a hemihedral twin fraction of 33.0%. The crystals may provide insight into the pathogenic processes observed in a subset of patients with truncating and point mutations in the gene encoding NBCe1.
Bleomycin Causes Alveolar Macrophages from Cigarette Smokers to Release Hydrogen Peroxide

Alveolar macrophages (AM) were retrieved by bronchoalveolar lavage from 20 patients. Following AM purification by glass adherence, the effect of bleomycin on hydrogen peroxide and lactic dehydrogenase release was assessed by colorimetric methods. All AM from nine nonsmokers had no detectable spontaneous release of hydrogen peroxide. The AM did not release hydrogen peroxide when stimulated with bleomycin (25 mU/mL). AM from all eleven smokers spontaneously released hydrogen peroxide (36 +/- 5.3 nm/10(6) AM, mean +/- SEM). AM from eight of the eleven smokers released more hydrogen peroxide when incubated with bleomycin (smokers 55 +/- 6.8 nm/10(6) AM, p less than 0.05). There was no difference in the amount of lactic dehydrogenase released by AM spontaneously or when incubated with bleomycin at 25 mU/mL, suggesting that this dose of bleomycin was not directly toxic to the AM. Results from this study further support the premise that bleomycin pulmonary toxicity may result from the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites and that cigarette smoking may predispose to bleomycin pulmonary toxicity.
Direct, standardized assessment of clinical competence

Doctor ratings of clerkship performance are often discounted as not accurately reflecting clinical competence. Such ratings are influenced by the following uncontrolled variables: case difficulty; differing rater focus and standards; lack of agreement on what constitutes acceptable performance; and collective patient care responsibility masks individual contributions. Standardized direct measures of clinical competence were developed to control these factors and allow direct comparisons of student performance. Students saw 18 patients representing frequently occurring and important patient problems. Student actions and decisions were recorded and subsequent responses to questions revealed knowledge of pathophysiology, basis for actions, use and interpretation of laboratory investigations, and management. Actions and responses were graded using a pre-set key. The examination covered 73% of designated clinical competencies. Examinations scores corresponded with independent measures of clinical competence. Reliability studies indicated that new cases can be substituted in subsequent years with confidence that scores will maintain similar meaning. Costs are +6.95 per student per case, which is modest considering the quality and quantity of information acquired. Methods described are practical for evaluation of clerks and residents and for licensing and specialty certification examinations.
Complications associated with erythropoietin-stimulating agents in patients with metastatic breast cancer: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare study.

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the patterns of use and the risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) associated with erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) in older patients with metastatic breast cancer who were receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: The study was retrospective and used the SEER-Medicare linked database. Stage IV breast cancer patients diagnosed from 1995-2005, treated with chemotherapy, ≥66 years old, with full coverage of Medicare A and B were included. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) and the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) were used to identify the use of ESAs, chemotherapy, and complications of therapy. Analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 2266 women, 980 (43.3%) received ESAs, and 1286 (56.7%) did not. Patients diagnosed after 1999 or who received treatment with taxanes, anthracyclines, or vinorelbine were more likely to receive ESAs. Patients receiving ESAs had higher rates of stroke (18.5% vs 15.1%, P = .031); deep-vein thrombosis (DVT; 21.3% vs 14.4%, P<.001), other/unspecified thromboembolic event (TEE; 19.8% vs 14.7%, P = .001), and any clot (31.3% vs 23.4%, P<.0001). In multivariate analysis, patients receiving ESAs had increased risk for DVT (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.75), and any clot (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02-1.57). A dose-dependent effect was evident for stroke, DVT, other TEE, and any clot. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients, the use of ESAs increased the risk of TEEs, with a dose-dependent effect for stroke, DVT, other TEE, and any clot. The data show that among patients treated with chemotherapy and ESAs for metastatic breast cancer, TEEs are a common event. Therefore, caution is recommended when using these agents. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Scavenging high-voltage copper wire, a hazardous petty larceny.

Abstract With the current emphasis on recycling and the establishment of markets for sale of used copper wire, scavenging of copper wire from old buildings and equipment has become common. Although scavenging without permission constitutes theft, a more significant risk to the perpetrator is the potential for electrical burn injury in attempting to remove “hot” wire. A severe high-voltage electrical burn injury sustained while attempting to scavenge wire from an old house is reported. The circumstances surrounding the injury, the clinical management of the case, and the long-term consequences to the patient are presented and discussed.
Biochemical studies of aminopeptidase polymorphism in Mytilus edulis. I. dependence of enzyme activity on season, tissue, and genotype.

Aminopeptidase-I is polymorphic in the marine bivalve Mytilus edulis and catalyzes the liberation of neutral and aromatic N-terminal amino acids from oligopeptides. The enzyme is abundant in the digestive gland, where it is lysosomal, but is present in several other tissues. Temporal variation in enzyme activity was monitored for 2.5 years in two natural populations. The temporal pattern of variation was similar in gill, mantle, and digestive gland tissues; variations occurred over both short and long time periods. Enzyme activity under ambient temperature conditions was seasonally related to temperature in gill and digestive gland, but varied with reproductive cycle in mantle tissue. In the last, maximum activity corresponded to the postreproductive period in each population. Enzyme activity varies in response to tissue-specific metabolic demands. Population differences in enzyme activity are due to both genotype-dependent enzyme activity, since allele frequencies differ between populations, and environmental salinity. High salinity induces high activity, which is a response to the need for higher intracellular concentrations of free amino acids for cell volume regulation. Salinity has comparable effects on enzyme activity in natural and experimental populations. Genotype-dependent specific activities are a consequence of both differing kinetic properties among genotypes [Koehn, R. K., and Siebenaller, J. S. (1981). Biochem. Genet.19:1143] and genotype-specific concentrations of enzyme protein that change in response to environmental salinity.
Sungrazing comets observed by the solar maximum mission coronagraph

The 10 sun-grazing comets (all members of the Kreutz group) detected by the white-light coronagraph of the SMM satellite during its 6-year operational lifetime are described. Numerical data are summarized in tables, and images are provided. Consideration is given to the question of detectability, apparent motions and orbits, coma brightness variations, tail behavior, and occurrence rates. The data are shown to confirm the episodic nature of sun-grazing events, as suggested by Marsden (1967).
The Mechanisms by Which Infectious Agents May Contribute to Atherosclerosis and Its Clinical Manifestations

Three infectious agents have recently gained considerable interest as potential pathogens in atherosclerosis and in its clinical manifestations: herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Chronic and often asymptomatic infections with these agents occur widely in the general population. These pathogens may affect atherosclerosis either directly or indirectly. Direct effects on vascular wall cells might include cell lysis, transformation, lipid accumulation, proinflammatory changes, and augmentation of procoagulant activity. Indirect systemic effects may involve induction of acute-phase proteins, establishment of a prothrombotic state, hemodynamic stress caused by tachycardia, increased cardiac output, or a regional inflammatory activation in response to systemic endotoxemia and cytokinemia. The effects of microbial infection, usually in combination with other risk factors (for example, smoking, hyperlipidemia, family history), might promote atherogenesis and eventually trigger acute coronary events.
Emergency Contraceptive Use as a Marker of Future Risky Sex, Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infection

Objective The objective of the study was to examine whether emergency contraceptive use predicts future sex at risk for pregnancy, pregnancy, or sexually transmitted infection among young women. Study Design A secondary analysis of control group participants (n = 718) from a recent trial of advanced provision of emergency contraception was conducted. Results We found no association between use of emergency contraception and either pregnancy or infection. Recent use predicted decreased occurrence of subsequent sex at risk for pregnancy among women with a history of sexually transmitted infection (relative risk [RR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.97), whereas ever having used predicted increased occurrence among women who either were highly effective method users (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05-2.01) or had no history of sexually transmitted infection (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.65). Conclusion Information about prior emergency contraceptive use was not a useful predictor of subsequent pregnancy, infection, or sex at risk for pregnancy among these young women.
A combined flow cytometry–based method for fetomaternal hemorrhage and maternal D

BACKGROUND: The fetomaternal bleed assay by flow cytometry is a semiquantitative test used to determine the volume of fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH). We have enhanced this method by combining the fetomaternal bleed assay with a D antibody in the same tube to determine the maternal D as well as the need for Rh immune globulin (RhIG) administration. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The performance of the FMB/D assay was compared against the Kleihauer-Betke (KB) acid elution method for the quantitation of fetal bleed and tube method for the maternal D determination. Peripheral blood cells from the pregnant women were fixed and permeabilized, incubated with monoclonal antibodies directed against fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and D, and analyzed by flow cytometry. The relative concentration of Hb F-containing cells to adult cells was used to determine the volume of the FMH. In addition, the cells were identified as D+ or D−. RESULTS: D typing of nonpregnant adult donors matched in all cases with the tube method with a mean value of 0.01% Hb F-positive cells (n = 25). D typing of pregnant or postpartum samples matched in all cases (n = 100), and the RhIG dose calculated by the percentage of Hb F for each method matched 97 percent (n = 36; p = 0.324). The one discrepant sample was consistent with the acknowledged overestimation when using the KB method. CONCLUSION: The highly precise anti-Hb F flow cytometric method was combined with maternal D determination by anti-D. This method correlates well with standard assays eliminating the need for additional testing without sacrificing clinical information.
Rough and Lonely Road to Prosperity: A reexamination of the sources of growth in Africa using Bayesian Model Averaging ∗

This paper takes a fresh look at Africa's growth experience by using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) methodology. BMA enables us to consider a large number of potential explanatory variables and sort out which of these variable can effectively explain Africa's growth experience. Posterior coefficient estimates reveal that key engines of growth in Africa are substantially different from those in the rest of the world. More precisely, it is shown that mining, primary exports and initial primary education exerted differential effect on African growth. These results are examined in relation to the existing literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shame and the Problem of Suicide: A Family Systems Perspective

. Shame, a major yet neglected regulatory affect, is the emotion signalling threat to significant social bonding. Shame is often hidden or veiled by depression, guilt, anger or nonspecific psychic pain. Suicidal persons become flooded with shame if optimal distance to supportive persons is not maintained and the patient feels overregulated, abandoned or exposed as incapable of sustaining meaningful attachments. Details of the patient's sense of shame and protective manoeuvres to avoid shame should be sought in the patient's early familial background. Shame dynamics in current familial functioning or dysfunction should be clarified for effective clinical intervention. Illustrative cases are presented.
Design of a back-illuminated, crystallographically etched, silicon-on-sapphire avalanche photodiode with monolithically integrated microlens, for dual-mode passive & active imaging arrays

There is a growing need in space and environmental research applications for dual-mode, passive and active 2D and 3D ladar imaging methods. To fill this need, an advanced back-illuminated avalanche photodiode (APD) design is presented based on crystallographically etched (100) epitaxial silicon on R-plane sapphire (SOS), enabling single photon sensitive, solid-state focal plane arrays (FPAs) with wide dynamic range, supporting passive and active imaging capability in a single FPA. When (100) silicon is properly etched with KOH:IPA:H2O solution through a thermally grown oxide mask, square based pyramidal frustum or mesa arrays result with the four mesa sidewalls of the APD formed by (111) silicon planes that intersect the (100) planes at a crystallographic angle, Φc = 54.7°. The APD device is fabricated in the mesa using conventional silicon processing technology. Detectors are back-illuminated through light focusing microlenses fabricated in the thinned, AR-coated sapphire substrate. The APDs share a common, front-side anode contact, made locally at the base of each device mesa. A low resistance (Al) or (Cu) metal anode grid fills the space between pixels and also inhibits optical cross-talk. SOS-APD arrays are indium bump-bonded to CMOS readout ICs to produce hybrid FPAs. The quantum efficiency for the square 27 µm pixels exceeds 50% for 250 nm < λ < 400 nm and exceeds 80% for 400 nm < λ < 700 nm. The sapphire microlenses compensate detector quantum efficiency loss resulting from the mesa geometry and yield 100% sensitive-area-fill-factor arrays, limited in size only by the wafer diameter.
Perspective: Quantifying Osteoblast and Osteocyte Apoptosis: Challenges and Rewards

Since the initial demonstration of the phenomenon in murine and human bone sections approximately 10 yr ago, appreciation of the biologic significance of osteoblast apoptosis has contributed greatly not only to understanding the regulation of osteoblast number during physiologic bone remodeling, but also the pathogenesis of metabolic bone diseases and the pharmacology of some of the drugs used for their treatment. It is now appreciated that all major regulators of bone metabolism including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Wnts, other growth factors and cytokines, integrins, estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP), immobilization, and the oxidative stress associated with aging contribute to the regulation of osteoblast and osteocyte life span by modulating apoptosis. Moreover, osteocyte apoptosis has emerged as an important regulator of remodeling on the bone surface and a critical determinant of bone strength, independently of bone mass. The detection of apoptotic osteoblasts in bone sections remains challenging because apoptosis represents only a tiny fraction of the life span of osteoblasts, not unlike a 6-mo-long terminal illness in the life of a 75-yr-old human. Importantly, the phenomenon is 50 times less common in human bone biopsies because human osteoblasts live longer and are fewer in number. Be that as it may, well-controlled assays of apoptosis can yield accurate and reproducible estimates of the prevalence of the event, particularly in rodents where there is an abundance of osteoblasts for inspection. In this perspective, we focus on the biological significance of the phenomenon for understanding basic bone biology and the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic bone diseases and discuss limitations of existing techniques for quantifying osteoblast apoptosis in human biopsies and their methodologic pitfalls.
Effect of fibroblast growth factor on cultured fetal rat calvaria.

Abstract Normal rat or human serum causes a greater incorporation of 3H-proline into bone collagenase digestible protein (CDP) and noncollagen protein (NCP) than does serum from hypophysectomized animals or hypopituitary humans. In the present study, we have tested fibroblast growth factor (FGF), a peptide isolated from bovine pituitary glands that has been shown to stimulate RNA and DNA synthesis in various mesodermal cells, for its effects on cultured fetal rat calvaria. The major effect of FGF appeared to be a stimulation of periosteal fibroblastic cell proliferation. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA was increased at concentrations of 10–1000 ng/ml; the effect appeared after 12 hr, was sustained for 96 hr, and could not be ascribed to an effect on 3H-thymidine uptake. Total DNA content was increased and histologic sections showed an increase in the number of mitoses in periosteal fibroblasts after colcemid arrest. These effects were accompanied by an increase in the uptake and incorporation of 3H-uridine, a decrease in the incorporation of labeled proline into CDP, and a small and variable increase in the incorporation of proline into NCP. Cortisol opposed the effects of FGF on 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation. Insulin did not alter the effect of FGF on 3H-thymidine incorporation, but FGF decreased the stimulatory effect of insulin on the labeling of CDP. The effect of FGF on thymidine incorporation and collagen synthesis was not altered by indomethacin. The major effect of FGF in calvaria is to increase DNA synthesis and stimulate the proliferation of periosteal fibroblasts. It does not appear to be the pituitary-dependent factor in serum that stimulates 3H-proline incorporation into CDP and NCP in calvaria.
Stress, coping, and adjustment in mothers and young adolescents in single‐ and two‐parent families

Compared stress, coping, and psychological adjustment in single (divorced or separated) and married mothers and their young adolescent children. Single mothers reported more daily hassles related to economic, family, and personal health problems, and more symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychoticism. Single mothers also reported using more coping strategies related to accepting responsibility and positive reappraisal. After controlling for level of family income, differences in family hassles and coping strategies remained significant. The two groups did not differ on subtypes of symptoms after controlling for income, but single mothers still reported more total psychological symptoms. No differences were found between children in these two family constellations on maternal reports of emotional/behavioral problems or on children's self-reported emotional/behavioral problems, stressful events, or coping. Implications of these findings for adjustment to life in single-parent families are discussed.
Decomposition of a Rasch partial credit item into independent binary and indecomposable trinary items

For each Rasch (Masters) partial credit item, there exists a set of independent Rasch binary and indecomposable trinary items for which the sum of the scores and the partial credit score have identical probability density functions. If each indecomposable trinary item is further expressed as the sum of two binary items, then the binary items are positively dependent and cannot be both of the Rasch type.
Current opinion: complications and troubleshooting of sacralneuromodulation

The complications of sacral neuromodulation have been minimized as technology has improved. The main surgical complication remains to be surgical site infection. We review evidence-based suggestions and procedure-specific techniques that reduce the infection rate to less than 2%. In the past, surgical revision was reported as high as 40%. The current revision rate at Mayo Clinic Florida is 10%. The most common reason for surgical revision is either battery end-of-life or loss of effectiveness. We review the best practices of the procedure and a systematic approach to troubleshoot loss of effectiveness.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system during sucrose feeding.

THE activity of the sympathetic nervous system in the rat is markedly reduced by 2 d of fasting, and this suppression is reversed by feeding1. Studies of urinary catecholamine excretion in fasting rats have corroborated these findings and in addition have shown that urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline (NA) excretion actually exceed baseline levels on the second and third days of refeeding2. Since dietary intake in these previously fasted animals was greater than baseline during the refeeding period, the possibility arose that overfeeding might be associated with increased sympathetic activity and led to the present investigation. Work by others has provided evidence that supplementation of a standard rat chow diet with sucrose-containing drinking solutions increases total caloric intake of the rat by approximately 20%3. Thus the experimental design for voluntary overfeeding in the rat is based on the addition of sucrose-containing drinking solutions to the animals' ad libitum access to rat chow and water during the experimental period. In this report we describe increased sympathetic activity in the hearts of overfed animals after 3d of sucrose supplementation. Such an increase in sympathetic activity may contribute to the enhanced thermogenesis associated with overfeeding.
Prediction of evolutionarily conserved interologs in Mus musculus.

Identification of protein-protein interactions is an important first step to understand living systems. High-throughput experimental approaches have accumulated large amount of information on protein-protein interactions in human and other model organisms. Such interaction information has been successfully transferred to other species, in which the experimental data are limited. However, the annotation transfer method could yield false positive interologs due to the lack of conservation of interactions when applied to phylogenetically distant organisms.
Preoperative Therapy for Esophageal Cancer

This article examines the role of combined-modality therapy for treating locally advanced esophageal cancer. Although surgery remains a cornerstone of treatment, recent studies have demonstrated that pre- or perioperative chemotherapy is associated with improved survival for patients who have adenocarcinoma histology. Primary chemoradiotherapy is the accepted standard of care for medically inoperable patients. Recent studies also suggest that definitive chemoradiotherapy is acceptable for patients who have squamous histology, while subsequent surgery improves local control without conferring a clear survival benefit. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy continues to be investigated but is associated with several advantages over neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, including an improvement in the pathologic complete response rate and resectability. Patients who achieve a pathologic complete response also appear to have improved survival. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy may be considered for patients who undergo primary resection of lower esophageal/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
Design of linearly polarized rectangular patch antenna using MoM, FDTD and FEM

Full wave electromagnetic field solvers have different shapes and methodologies to solve Maxwell's equations according to the problem boundary conditions and geometry. This paper compares the accuracy, memory requirements and CPU time of 3 well known full wave antenna design packages applied to the design of a linearly polarized rectangular microstrip patch antenna with a probe feed operating in the L1 band (1.575 GHz). The three full wave methods used in this study are: 1) a method of moments (MoM) solver, 2) a finite difference time domain (FDTD) solver, and 3) a finite element method (FEM) solver. Simulation results were compared with measurements from a prototype for the |S11|, |Zin|, VSWR and the bandwidth.
31P-NMR spectroscopy of perifused rat hepatocytes immobilized in agarose threads: application to chemical-induced hepatotoxicity.

A system consisting of isolated rat hepatocytes immobilized in agarose threads continuously perifused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution has been found to maintain cell viability with excellent metabolic activity for more than 6 h. The hepatocytes were monitored by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy at 4.7 Tesla, by measurement of oxygen consumption and by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The data obtained were comparable to those found for an isolated perfused whole liver in vitro. The effects of allyl alcohol (AA), ethanol, and 4-acetaminophenol (AP) were examined. A solution of 225 μM AA perifused for 90 min caused the disappearance of the β-phosphate resonance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the 31P-NMR spectra, a 7-fold increase in LD leakage and a 70% reduction in oxygen consumption. Ethanol (1.0 M) perifused for 90 min reduced the β-ATP signal intensity ratio by 20%, the phosphomonoester (PME) signal by 50% and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by 33% (P < 0.05). AP (10 mM) caused only mild liver-cell damage. The results demonstrate that perifused immobilized hepatocytes can be used as a liver model to assess the effects of a wide range of chemicals and other xenobiotics by NMR spectroscopy.
Effect of homopolymer matrix on diblock copolymer grafted nanoparticle conformation and potential of mean force: A molecular simulation study

We study the effect of homopolymer A or B matrix on the conformations and effective interactions of AB diblock copolymer grafted particles using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. In an A homopolymer matrix we observe patchy conformations within the AB diblock copolymer grafted layer, where the number of B patches is controlled by the A-A attractive interaction strength. In a B homopolymer matrix the grafted particle takes on a core-corona conformation, where the inner A block aggregates near the particle surface and the outer B block forms a corona that interacts with the B matrix. The potential of mean force (PMF) between two particles in an A homopolymer matrix has a long-ranged attractive well with a minima at intermediate distances corresponding to the location of the outer B block patches. The PMF between two particles in a B homopolymer matrix has an attractive well at short interparticle distances corresponding to the size of the inner A block. We isolate the contribution of the homopolymer matrix on the PMF between the two diblock copolymer grafted particles, by deducting the PMF in the absence of a matrix, assuming the contributions of the grafted particle and matrix to the PMF to be additive. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 76–88
Asymptotic capacity of correlated mimo rayleigh fading channels via virtual representation

The capacity of correlated MIMO Rayleigh fading channels is investigated in the asymp- totic regime where the number of receive and transmit antennas go to infinity, with their ratio kept constant. The channel is assumed to be known at the receiver but not at the transmitter. A general asymptotic ex- pression for the capacity is obtained in terms of the spatial scattering function of the channel. I. CHANNEL MODEL AND VIRTUAL REPRESENTATION The model that we use is the standard one in which there are nT transmit and nR receive antennas. The received signal vector y corresponding to one symbol interval is given by
New RF design for 11.4 GHz dielectric loaded accelerator

In this paper we present a new solution for externally RF coupled dielectric loaded accelerator. In this scheme, a separate TE-TM converter is used for RF coupling and a short tapered section is used for matching the RF into the dielectric accelerating structure. Advantages of this new design are there is no dielectric presented near the coupler, thus less prone to premature breakdowns; and it can be made into separate modules of coupler, matching and accelerating structures, this will simplified the dielectric structure development because only one set of couplers is required for a defined RF frequency but with many different dielectric structures. An example of X-band 11.424 GHz coupler and dielectric accelerating structure is obtained via EM simulations. Based on the simulation results, a set of coupler, matching and dielectric structures were fabricated. We present bench measurement results and its comparison with the design.
An analysis of water‐content regulation in osmoconforming limpets (Mollusca: Patellacea)

The capacity to regulate body volume is important in the ability of soft-bodied osmoconforming marine animals to withstand osmotic stress. In the present study two intertidal limpets, Collisella digitalis and Notoacmea scutum, which differ in their tolerance of osmotic stress, are compared in their ability to regulate water content. Two direct measurements and two mathematical approaches developed by Oglesby ('75) and Machin ('75), respectively, have been used. Both species are osmoconformers over the range 500–1,500 mOs/1 but showed a slight tendency to hyporegulate Cl− and Na+ in the hemolymph. In weight and tissue hydration changes following a change in osmotic pressure of the medium, C. digitalis did not vary as widely as did N. scutum and so appears to have better control of body volume. This correlates well with the previous finding that C. digitalis tolerates a wider range of salinity than does N. scutum.
Neuronal signatures of network transition into bursting

The dynamics of neuronal networks in the brain can undergo sudden changes during an epileptic seizure. We are interested in identifying and characterizing the dynamical correlates of transition from asynchronous into synchronous network dynamics in order to detect the signatures of such a transition on the level of activity patterns of individual neurons. To do so, we investigated networks of excitatory and mixed excitatory-inhibitory which were composed of integrate-and-fire neurons in a one-dimension ring structure. We studied its dynamics as a function of the underlying structure of network connectivity, synaptic efficacy, level of external noise, and variability of natural spiking frequency. We investigated various correlates of network and neuronal dynamics just before bursting onset. Specifically, we looked at the evolving distributions of relative timing of neurons spikes right before the bursting and correlated them with the bursting onset. As a result of this correlation, we can identify the beginning of changes in the neuronal dynamics that lead to bursting transition, and measure lead-time within which we can predict transition into bursting based on the neuronal activity patterns. We showed that this lead-time is strongly influenced by network structure, noise level, and neuronal variability. We also demonstrated how this transition is influenced by inhibitory feedback and reduces the lead-time to transition.
Mycorrhizal fungi associated with plants in ground-water fed wetlands

Studies have documented the flora, fauna, and soils of ground-water fed wetlands, but very little is known about their plant-mycorrhizal associations. This study was designed to determine the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in several wetland plant species associated with fens in west central Ohio, USA. Roots of wetland plant species collected at four sites had mycorrhizal fungal colonization levels ranging from O to 61.5%. Mycorrhizal associations occurred in plants of all wetland categories (OBL, FACW, FAC). We propose that these peatland have lower nutrient availability than some other wetlands and thus may be more dependent on these root fungi for nutrient uptake. Mycorrhizal fungi may be an important consideration in the functional restoration of ground-water driven wetland systems.
Temperature-dependent development and potential distribution of Episimus utilis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a candidate biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in Florida.

Abstract The invasive Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi), native to South America, is widely established throughout central and south Florida. The defoliating leaflet-roller Episimus utilis Zimmerman was selected as potential biocontrol agent of this invasive species. The objectives of this study were to determine development rate and survival of E. utilis at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 33, and 35°C) and generate prediction maps of the number of generations per year this species may exhibit in the United States. The rate of development of E. utilis as a function of temperature was modeled using linear regression to estimate a lower developmental threshold of 9.6°C and the degree-day requirement of 588. The Logan nonlinear regression model was used to estimate an upper developmental threshold of 33°C. Cold tolerance of E. utilis was examined using all insect stages, and each stage was exposed to three constant temperatures (10, 5, 0°C) for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 d (or u...
Feature-Based Mesh Editing

Editing and deformation of irregular meshes have become standard tools in geometric modeling. Most approaches try to preserve low-level differential properties of the surface during editing, whereas the global structure and shape of the features are not explicitly taken into account. In this paper, we introduce a feature-driven editing approach that puts global structural properties of the shape into the center of attention. We start by segmenting the mesh by ridges and valleys and use the so-defined curves and surface regions as intuitive handles for all subsequent editing operations. Our framework supports manipulations the positions and curvature values of the handles and the various mesh regions. In order to preserve the existing features, prevent unwanted appearance of new features, and maintain or manipulate global aspects of the shape, we apply curvature optimization in the affected areas. We show that the combination of feature extraction and curvature optimization leads to an intuitive modeling tool for high-quality surface manipulation.
Single umbilical artery and congenital malformations

of perforation during curettage is increased in the bicornuate uterus due to the lateral deviation of each cavity associated with a relatively thin myometrium. I In addition, our findings at delivery emphasize that the danger of rupture following classical c sarean section2 applies to any scar in the upper uterus acquired during pregnancy. In view of the inherited renal abnormality, it will be of interest in the future to ascertain whether the child also possesses a double uterus.
Regiocontrol of the [2 + 2] Photodimerization in the Solid State Using Isosteric Resorcinols: Head-to-Tail Cyclobutane Formation via Unexpected Embraced Assemblies

Regiocontrolled head-to-head and head-to-tail [2 + 2] photodimerizations of (E)-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)prop-2-enoate are achieved in the solid state using 4,6-di-X-res (where X = Cl, Br, I; res = resorcinol) as small-molecule templates. The components in each co-crystal form discrete, three-component supramolecular assemblies sustained by two O–H···N hydrogen bonds. Whereas the head-to-head photoproduct (rctt)-dimethyl-3,4-bis(pyridin-3-yl)cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate forms using 4,6-di-X-res (X = Cl or Br), the head-to-tail regioisomer (rctt)-dimethyl-2,4-bis(pyridin-3-yl)cyclobutane-1,3-dicarboxylate forms using 4,6-di-I-res. The head-to-tail product is generated via unexpected embraced dimeric assemblies. The stereochemistry of the head-to-tail product is confirmed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
The Tornado Season of 1974

(1975). The Tornado Season of 1974. Weatherwise: Vol. 28, Almanac Issue. Weather Events of 1974, pp. 4-12.
Low-Discrepancy Points for Deterministic Assignment of Hidden Weights in Extreme Learning Machines

The traditional extreme learning machine (ELM) approach is based on a random assignment of the hidden weight values, while the linear coefficients of the output layer are determined analytically. This brief presents an analysis based on geometric properties of the sampling points used to assign the weight values, investigating the replacement of random generation of such values with low-discrepancy sequences (LDSs). Such sequences are a family of sampling methods commonly employed for numerical integration, yielding a more efficient covering of multidimensional sets with respect to random sequences, without the need for any computationally intensive procedure. In particular, we prove that the universal approximation property of the ELM is guaranteed when LDSs are employed, and how an efficient covering affects the convergence positively. Furthermore, since LDSs are generated deterministically, the results do not have a probabilistic nature. Simulation results confirm, in practice, the good theoretical properties given by the combination of ELM with LDSs.
Molecular structure of [(tBu)2Al(μ-OC6H4-2-Me)]2

The molecular structure of [(tBu)2Al(μ-OC6H5-2-Me)]2 has been determined. Both the ortho-tolyl methyl groups are oriented towards Al(2). The intramolecular steric interaction between the ortho-methyl groups and the tert-butyl ligands results in the geometry about the bridging oxygen being significantly distorted while the geometries about the aluminum centers show a distortion from tetrahedral that is less than the sterically less hindered [(tBu)2Al(μ-OPh)]2. Crystal data: group C2/c, a = 13.733(3) A, b = 15.135(3) A, c = 15.420(3) A, β = 104.24(3)∘, V = 3106(1) A3, Z = 4, R = 0. 0612, wR2 = 0.1787.
Lattice Topology Dictates Photon Statistics in One-Dimensional Disordered Lattices

We examine propagation of coherent light in one-dimensional disordered photonic lattices with non-trivial topological structures. We show that the field statistics becomes noncircular in the phase plane only in even-sited-ring and linear lattices with off-diagonal disorder.
Superresolution of Dense Quantum Dot Clusters using Independent Component Classification

We propose a superresolution technique to resolve dense clusters of independently blinking emitters. Experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate the ability to superresolve up to five emitters located within an area of a diffraction limited spot.
Non-Gaussian Statistics and Nanosecond Dynamics of Electrostatic Fluctuations Affecting Optical Transitions in Proteins

We show that electrostatic fluctuations of the protein–water interface are globally non-Gaussian. The electrostatic component of the optical transition energy (energy gap) in a hydrated green fluorescent protein is studied here by classical molecular dynamics simulations. The distribution of the energy gap displays a high excess in the breadth of electrostatic fluctuations over the prediction of the Gaussian statistics. The energy gap dynamics include a nanosecond component. When simulations are repeated with frozen protein motions, the statistics shifts to the expectations of linear response and the slow dynamics disappear. We therefore suggest that both the non-Gaussian statistics and the nanosecond dynamics originate largely from global, low-frequency motions of the protein coupled to the interfacial water. The non-Gaussian statistics can be experimentally verified from the temperature dependence of the first two spectral moments measured at constant-volume conditions. Simulations at different temperat...
Energy Modeling of Electrochemical Anodization Process of Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes

Titanium dioxide nanotubes have some unique properties and have found a wide range of potential applications. Electrochemical anodization is a popular method for synthesis of TiO2 nanotubes. While ...
Influence of Oral Administration of Bile Upon Fasting Gastric Acidity and Intestinal Bactericidal Action.

Living non-pathogenic bacteria appear in the thoracic duct lymph when these microorganisms are placed in the lumen of the duodenum in an alkalinized bile solution in the post-digestive dog.1, 2 Various concentrations of bile have been placed in the stomach of dogs through a fistulous opening and the gastric contents removed and titrated at intervals 2 to 3 hours after the bile was administered. Dehydrated bile (Difco) has been used, 100 cc. volume of fluid, concentration of bile varying from 0.5 to 10.0%. It was found that 5.0% and higher concentrations caused vomiting within a short period of time, followed by diarrhea. There was usually a period of active HCl secretion following the emptying of the stomach in this manner. One half of the required amount of acid was added to neutralize the alkali in 100 cc. of a 5.0% bile solution to see if this mixture would leave the stomach rapidly and not stimulate acid secretion. (Line “D” in graph.) One per cent bile was found to be the optimum concentration to rap...
Investigation of Swimming Water Sanitary Status in Chaoyang District of Beijing City

[Objective] To investigate swimming water sanitary status in Chaoyang District.[Methods] 216 water samples from 68 swimming places were collected for hygienic determination.[Results] Qualified rate of coliform group,total bacterial count,trbidity and pH value were higher.(96.3%~100.0%).The pass rate of urea was lower(74.5%)and the lowest pass rate was residual chlorine(56.9%).[Conclusion]The main sanitary problem of swimming place in Chaoyang District was unqualified free residual chlorine,followed by urea.It is suggested to strengthen the swimming pool monitoring,supervision,management,and awareness training.
Risk factors for low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (LGNET): Hospital-based case-control study in US

4641 Background: There has been an increase in the diagnosed incidence of LGNET in US over the last 2 decades. Little is known about the etiology of LGNET. In this hospital-based, case-control stud...
Labyrinths of invention from the new novel to OuLiPo

This essay examines some of the complex relations between rhetorical invention, science, and practices of postmodern fiction, using as examples French writers of the experimental avant-garde of the 1950's and 1960's. The links between science and fictional discourse are currently being examined, amid great controversy, as a direct relationship or equivalence. This essay focuses on the resurgent technology of invention as a crucial intermediary in this exchange. The familiar metaphor of the labyrinth, invention's mythological origin, serves to track the inventive nature of postmodernism's methodical fictions. A brief history of rhetorical invention, including its eventual (and ironic) denunciation at the dawn of the scientific age, is followed by a description of this discredited art's reemergence, as typified in Eric Charles White's Kaironomia, a Nietzsche-inspired apologia pro inventione. In the final section of this paper, short analyses of exemplary works by Alain Robbe-Grillet, Italo Calvino, and Raymond Queneau show how postmodern fiction uses invention not to uncover science's lies but to discover the buried links between science and the literary imagination. Literature, we begin to find, is no less than science a fundamentally methodical construct.
Management of stage T1b (A2) and stage T1c adenocarcinoma of the prostate

The management of stage T1b (A2) and T1c adenocarcinoma of the prostate is somewhat controversial. With the widespread use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) determinations, an increasing number of these cancers are likely to be diagnosed. Hence, it is important to formulate a cogent management strategy for these patients, because a large percentage of them can be expected to have clinically and pathologically localized disease. Expectant observation with deferred treatment, radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy (external beam or brachytherapy), and cryosurgical ablation are all primary therapeutic options that have individual merit. In this review, we attempt to analyze the results of the various treatment options for these patients and evolve a practical approach towards their management.
Evaluating the Effect of Inert Supports and Alkali Sodium on the Performance of Red Mud Oxygen Carrier in Chemical Looping Combustion

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an advanced technology with inherent CO2 capture in which a solid oxygen carrier circulates between an air reactor and a fuel reactor. For coal-fueled CLC, the existence of solid impurities requires the oxygen carrier not only to have good reactivity but also to be contaminant-resistant, low-cost, and readily available. Therefore, the development of cost-effective and well-performing oxygen carriers is very meaningful for the coal-fueled CLC process. Natural red mud, a byproduct from the aluminum industry, was found to function well as an oxygen carrier and has also been found to have in situ coal catalytic gasification behavior. A thorough study on the long-term cyclic performance of red mud with coal char in a fluidized reactor was conducted in this work. For the purpose of comprehensively understanding the functions of inert supports as well as the sodium content in red mud, the effect of various inert oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and CaO) and the addition of sodium w...