cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-communicable diseases diagnosed in a health care service for dock workers: a case study in a seaport of Brazil

Background: Dock workers are important for world economic growth. They develop work where they are exposed to risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Non-communicable diseases are characterized as disorders that affect the general population and in recent decades the number of deaths worldwide has been considered significant. The aims of this study have been to identify non-communicable diseases that affect dock workers, according to records from the Medical Outpatient Clinic for Dock Workers. Methods: Quantitative and exploratory study. Data were collected from all medical care files of dock workers in the period 2000 to 2009. A predetermined form was used, focusing on clinical data and diagnoses of non-communicable diseases. Descriptive data analysis was performed. Results: Data were collected from 953 medical care records. The population was predominantly male (90.47%) and the predominant age of workers was below 50. The most common non-communicable diseases were hypertension (8.3%); obesity (5.6%); diabetes mellitus (3%); acute myocardial infarction (0.5%). Conclusion: The results showed hypertension, obesity and diabetes as the more prevalent non-communicable diseases. Occupational health nurses possess the theoretical and practical knowledge to organize a process of care that includes prevention and promotes health strategies appropriate for the labour reality of this group of workers.
Competencies of Postsecondary Education Personnel Serving Students with Learning Disabilities

This paper presents the results of a survey designed to identify the needed competencies of both administrative and direct service personnel in directing and implementing postsecondary support programs for students with learning disabilities. Data were collected from a national sample of 299 practitioners. In addition to information about respondent characteristics, results include ratings for all items on the survey. Competency areas perceived as most desired by learning specialists were assessment skills, cognitive interventions, and instructional skills, while administrative personnel rated management/leadership skills as most desired. Implications for professional development activities are addressed. The need for strengthening linkages between secondary and postsecondary personnel to foster effective transition planning for students with learning disabilities is also explored.
Forward-Looking Aspects of Perception-Action Coupling as a Basis for Embodied Communication.

Recent research on perception–action coupling indicates the following: (a) Actions are planned in terms of the distal effects they are to produce and, (b) planning and perception share common neural resources. An immediate implication of such dual functionality is that perception entails forward-looking (i.e., intentional) content. This article presents research that indicates that this anticipatory aspect of perception–action coupling contextualizes the perceptual space of an individual. Further research indicates this anticipation-laden, effect-relative (vs. effector-relative) context is a medium that affords cooperative actions among multiple agents. Developing such intentional contexts, however, requires that both individuals and groups have access to the spatiotemporal relations between actions and their effects. For individuals acting alone, knowledge about action–effect relations can be internal because the effectors generating the effects belong to 1 agent. For groups acting cooperatively, however...
Formal Analysis for Debugging and Performance Optimization of MPI

High-end computing is universally recognized to be a strategic tool for leadership in science and technology. A significant portion of high-end computing is conducted on clusters running the message passing interface (MPI) library. MPI has become a de facto standard in HPC. MPI programs, as well as MPI library implementations can be buggy, especially when aiming high performance, and running on or porting onto new platforms. Our recent work has addressed the following areas: A TLA+ formal semantics of a large subset of MPI-1; A Microsoft Phoenix based model extraction and analysis framework for MPI programs; integration into the visual studio environment for error-trace visualization; A new dynamic partial order reduction algorithm (DPOR) tailored to MPI so that the number of interleavings examined during MPI program verification are dramatically reduced; A program called 'inspector' for analyzing C++ programs that has found bugs in publicly distributed threaded programs (Inspector automatically instruments Pthread programs and searches for races based on a new DPOR); verified byte-range locking protocols using MPI one-sided communication - a case study where we found bugs in published byte-range locking protocols, and designed and verified improved versions of these protocols; A new in-situ model checker for MPI programs, that traps MPI calls using its profiling interface (PMPI) and orchestrates control to maximize coverage with minimal state saving overhead. The progress made in exploring these directions, our publications, and associated software tools are described, as are our future plans.
Viral load responses to HAART is an independent predictor of a new AIDS event in late stage HIV infected patients: Prospective cohort study

Background A sizeable number of HIV-infected patients receiving HAART do not maintain prolonged virologic suppression. We evaluated long-term HIV viral load (VL) responses to HAART as a risk factor for AIDS events (AE) that is independent of CD4 responses.
Agent collaboration and social networks

In this paper we report on preliminary results for evaluating preferences for collaboration among a group of agents who located in a social network. We have implemented a game of boxes that are pushed into holes in a two dimensional world. We vary rations of boxes and holes as well as individuals awareness and information sharing. Our results corroborate intuitive notions and point the way to constructing agent societies with abilities to reason about collaboration.
Reducing referral delays in colorectal cancer diagnosis: is it about how you ask?

Objectives Delays in colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis related to colonoscopy referrals are not well studied. The authors tested whether certain details of information transmitted through computerised provider order entry (CPOE)-based referrals affected timeliness of diagnostic colonoscopy for patients with newly diagnosed CRC. Methods The authors studied a 6-year cohort of all newly diagnosed patients with CRC at a large tertiary care Veterans Affairs hospital and its affiliated multispecialty clinics. Referring providers included primary care clinicians, resident trainees and other specialists. From the colonoscopy referral preceding CRC diagnosis, the authors determined request date, type and frequency of diagnostic clues provided (symptoms, signs, test results), notation of urgency, and documented evidence of verbal contact between referring provider and consultant to expedite referral. The authors compared distributions of proportions of diagnostic clues between patients with a lag of >60 and ≤60 day, and examined predictors of lag time. Results Of 367 electronic referrals identified with a median lag of 57 days, 178 (48.5%) had a lag of >60 days. Referrals associated with longer lag times included those with ‘positive faecal occult blood test’ (92 days, p<0.0001), ‘haematochesia’ (75 days, p=0.02), ‘history of polyps’ (221 days, p=0.0006) and when ‘screening’ (vs specific symptoms) was given as the reason for diagnostic colonoscopy (203 days, p=0.002). Independent predictors of shorter wait times included three diagnostic clues, notation of urgency and documentation of verbal contact. Conclusions Attention to certain details of diagnostic information provided to consultants through CPOE-based referrals may help reduce delays in CRC diagnosis.
Comparison of fluorescence-based techniques for the quantification of particle-induced hydroxyl radicals

Reactive oxygen species including hydroxyl radicals can cause oxidative stress and mutations. Inhaled particulate matter can trigger formation of hydroxyl radicals, which have been implicated as one of the causes of particulate-induced lung disease. The extreme reactivity of hydroxyl radicals presents challenges to their detection and quantification. Here, three fluorescein derivatives [aminophenyl fluorescamine (APF), amplex ultrared, and dichlorofluorescein (DCFH)] and two radical species, proxyl fluorescamine and tempo-9-ac have been compared for their usefulness to measure hydroxyl radicals generated in two different systems: a solution containing ferrous iron and a suspension of pyrite particles. APF, amplex ultrared, and DCFH react similarly to the presence of hydroxyl radicals. Proxyl fluorescamine and tempo-9-ac do not react with hydroxyl radicals directly, which reduces their sensitivity. Since both DCFH and amplex ultrared will react with reactive oxygen species other than hydroxyl radicals and another highly reactive species, peroxynitite, they lack specificity. The most useful probe evaluated here for hydroxyl radicals formed from cell-free particle suspensions is APF due to its sensitivity and selectivity.
Identifying primary Sjögren syndrome in children: case report.

Primary Sjogren syndrome (PSS) rarely occurs in children. In addition, because the objective and subjective diagnostic criteria for juvenile PSS differ from those seen in adults, identification of its presence can be difficult to establish. This case report illustrates the accepted benchmarks for diagnosing pediatric PSS.
Reply to comment by Laprise on “The added value to global model projections of climate change by dynamical downscaling: A case study over the continental U.S. using the GISS-ModelE2 and WRF models”

In his comment, Laprise raises several points that we agree merit consideration. His primary critique is that our study [Racherla et al., 2012] tested the ability of the WRF regional climate model to reproduce historical temperature and precipitation change relative to the driving global climate model (GCM) using only a single simulation rather than an ensemble. He asserts that the observed changes are smaller than the internal variability in the climate system (i.e., not statistically significant) and that thus a single simulation should not necessarily be able to capture the observations. Laprise points out that the statistical signal is reduced for a multi-decadal trend such as the one we analyzed in comparison with mean climatology and cites two studies showing that for particular climate parameters it can take any years for a signal to be discerned over internal variability. He states that The results of theexperiment as designed were strongly influenced by the presence of internal variability and sampling errors,which masked the rather small climate changes that may have occurred as a consequence of changes inforcing during the period considered. While Laprise discusses statistics in general terms at some length, for the actual climate trends examined in our study, he offers no evidence that the forced signal was smallcompared with internal variability. The two studies he cites [de Ela et al., 2013; Maraun, 2013] do not provide convincing evidence as they concern climate variables averaged over different times and areas. One in fact examines extreme precipitation events, which by definition are rare and thus have a lower significance level. We accept the general point that it is important to consider internal variability, and as noted in our paper we agree that an ensemble of simulations is in principle an optimal, though computationally expensive, approach. While we did not present the statistical significance of the observations in our original paper, we have now evaluated those for the regional temperature trends used in our study to evaluate the added value of WRF and thus can analyze data as to the magnitude of the trends with respect to internal variability.
A residual echo suppression technique for systems with nonlinear acoustic echo paths

Linear acoustic echo cancellers are widely employed to enhance the quality of telecommunication systems. However, low-cost audio components may generate significant nonlinear distortions in the acoustic echo path, which degrades the performance of adaptive linear acoustic echo cancellers (AECs), thus motivating the nonlinear AEC research. In this paper, we propose to use a postfilter to further attenuate the nonlinear residual echo following a linear AEC. The postfilter design is based on the power spectral density (PSD) of the nonlinear residual echo. By modeling the nonlinearity in the system using a basis expansion form, the PSD estimate becomes independent of the length of the room impulse response. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by computer simulations.
A Video Recall Study of In-session Changes in Sentiment Override

This study examines in-session changes in sentiment override over the first three sessions of couple therapy. Couples viewed a video recording of therapy sessions immediately after each of the first three sessions and continuously rated their level of sentiment override. Ninety-eight changes were randomly chosen for analysis. Three talk turns prior to each change was coded using the Family Relational Communication Control Coding System. Results show that changes in sentiment override occur frequently. Repeated incidents of communication control were related to negative change in sentiment override for females. Repeated incidents of being left out of the conversation were related to negative changes in sentiment override for females and positive changes for males.
In Vivo Plaque Measurement in the Rat

A method fox the in vivo measurements of plaque in the albino rat is described, in which plaque is stained with basic fuchsin and observed through an otoscope fitted with a magnifying glass. The method permits successive assessments in the same rat, and it is simple, reliable, accurate, and reproducible.
Microbial community composition and function beneath temperate trees exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone

We hypothesized that changes in plant growth resulting from atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 enrichment would alter the flow of C through soil food webs and that this effect would vary with tree species. To test this idea, we traced the course of C through the soil microbial community using soils from the free-air CO 2 and O 3 enrichment site in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. We added either 13 C-labeled cellobiose or 13 C-labeled N-acetylglu- cosamine to soils collected beneath ecologically distinct temperate trees exposed for 3 years to factorial CO 2 (ambient and 200 µl l -1 above ambient) and O 3 (ambient and 20 µl l-1above ambient) treatments. For both labeled substrates, recovery of 13 C in microbial respiration increased beneath plants grown under elevated CO 2 by 29% compared to ambient; elevated O 3 eliminated this effect. Production of 13 C-CO2 from soils beneath aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and aspen-birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) was greater than that beneath aspen- maple (Acer saccharumMarsh.). Phospholipid fatty acid analyses (13C-PLFAs) indicated that the microbial com- munity beneath plants exposed to elevated CO 2 metabo- lized more 13 C-cellobiose, compared to the microbial community beneath plants exposed to the ambient condi- tion. Recovery of 13C in PLFAs was an order of magni- tude greater for N-acetylglucosamine-amended soil com- pared to cellobiose-amended soil, indicating that sub- strate type influenced microbial metabolism and soil C cycling. We found that elevated CO2 increased fungal activity and microbial metabolism of cellobiose, and that microbial processes under early-successional aspen and birch species were more strongly affected by CO 2 and O 3 enrichment than those under late-successional maple.
Antimicrobial activity of advanced-spectrum fluoroquinolones tested against more than 2000 contemporary bacterial isolates of species causing community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the United States (1999).

Abstract In vitro activity of four newer fluoroquinolones (clinafloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, sitafloxacin) and an equal number control drugs in the same class (ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin) was determined by reference dilution tests against 2156 recent United States clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. All the fluoroquinolones demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against these pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were fully susceptible to clinafloxacin, sitafloxacin, and gemifloxacin at 0.5 μg/ml, and over 98% of sampled strains had MICs of ≤1 μg/ml for grepafloxacin, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin. Penicillin resistance did not influence the potency of the tested fluoroquinolones. All the isolates of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis were inhibited by the investigational, as well as comparator fluoroquinolones at ≤0.5 μg/ml, irrespective of their β-lactamase producing abilities. In conclusion, the investigational fluoroquinolones demonstrated excellent activity against these major respiratory tract pathogens isolated in 1999, and some remain safe candidates for empiric therapy of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and selected infections in hospitalized patients.
Gradient-based adaptive filters for non-Gaussian noise environments

Convergence properties are studied for a class of gradient-based adaptive algorithms known as order statistic least mean square (OSLMS) algorithms. These algorithms apply an order statistic filtering operation to the gradient estimate of the standard least mean square (LMS) algorithm. The order statistic operation in OSLMS can reduce the variance of the gradient estimate (relative to LMS) when operating in non-Gaussian noise environments. A consequence is that in steady state the excess mean square error can be reduced. It is shown that the coefficient estimates for a class of OSLMS algorithms converge when the input signals are i.i.d. and symmetrically distributed. >
Coastal upwelling in a warmer future

[1] Coastal upwelling helps set the physical context for marine ecosystems, and upwelling zones are among the most productive regions of the global ocean. Unlike earlier models, two state-of-the-art climate models exhibit little change during the next century in the magnitude and seasonality of coastal upwelling, but climate models are still probably not sufficiently developed (for example, they underestimate interdecadal variability in upwelling) to provide valid projections of this key component of the coastal environment.
Acoustical Performance Analysis for Blower System Muffler of Roof Bolting Machine

Ordinarily the muffler is used to reduce the noise about dust extraction blower system of tracked roof bolting machines undermine. The ability that the muffler reduce the noise fall down as the service time increasing. The 3D structure of muffler is established. The acoustical performance of muffler in multi conditions is simulated and analyzed using acoustical FEM method. The analysis results show that the noise reduction ability of muffler would be depressed markedly with its dissipation performance decreasing. For making sure the noise reduction effects, the filtrating ability of the dust extraction system must be enhanced and the muffler pollution must be avoided.
Small-Molecule Pharmacology of Epithelial Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels

Inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels play fundamental roles in epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport in several organ systems and appear, in some cases, to represent novel drug targets for human diseases. The discovery that loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding Kir1.1 and Kir4.1 give rise to renal tubule phenotypes that resemble those in patients taking diuretics has motivated drug discovery efforts aimed at developing novel classes of diuretics targeting these channels. In many cases, however, even a rudimentary understanding of the functions of Kir channels in epithelia is lacking due, in part, to the lack of precise pharmacological tools for specifically modulating the activity of Kir channels in complex biological cells and tissues. This barrier is gradually disappearing with the development of Kir channel-specific modulators that can be used alone or in combination to explore the physiology of Kir channels. The goals of this chapter are threefold: (1) to provide an overview of the expression patterns and known functions of Kir channels in epithelial cells, (2) provide a summary of the small-molecule pharmacology of Kir channels expressed in epithelial cells to help guide the design of pharmacological experiments for dissecting their functions, and (3) discuss in detail the ongoing efforts to develop small-molecule antagonists of Kir1.1 (ROMK) for use as diuretics to serve as a model for Kir channel-directed drug discovery.
Interconnect limits on gigascale integration (GSI)

Summary form only given. Throughout the past four decades, silicon semiconductor technology has been advancing at exponential rates in both productivity and performance. In the physical world, such exponential advances cannot continue endlessly. A systematic assessment of early 21st century opportunities for GSI reveals an increasingly troublesome dichotomy. As minimum feature sizes continue to scale to ever smaller dimensions, transistor switching delay diminishes continuously while interconnect latency increases monotonically. The impact of this dichotomy can be moderated significantly by: (1) new materials and processes to reduce interconnect conductor resistivity and insulator permittivity; (2) reverse or smart scaling that optimizes the architecture of a multilevel wiring network to satisfy a complete set of performance specifications; and (3) new chip microarchitectures and instruction set architectures that serve to keep interconnects short and use longer interconnect paths more judiciously. Smart scaling of global interconnects for a system-on-a-chip (SOC) entails an integrated approach to design of the signal, power, and clock distribution networks. The projected performance of a SOC benefits significantly from novel high density, low cost, compliant lead input/output interconnect technology. Finally, 3D structures including multiple levels of transistors and interconnects provide an opportunity for reducing the length of the longest SOC interconnects and hence increasing global clock frequency.
Upper Missourian–Lower Wolfcampian (Upper Kasimovian–Lower Asselian) conodont biostratigraphy of the midcontinent, U.S.A.

The Upper Missourian to lower Wolfcampian sequence (middle Kansas City through lower Council Grove Groups) of the Midcontinent U.S.A. (Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Missouri) is divided into seven biostratigraphic zones defined chiefly upon first occurrences of Streptognathodus species. In ascending order, these are the: 1) Streptognathodus gracilis Zone; 2) Streptognathodus firmus Zone; 3) Streptognathodus pawhuskaensis deflectus Zone; 4) Streptognathodus virgilicus Zone; 5) Streptognathodus brownvillensis Zone; 6) Streptognathodus wabaunsensis s.l. Zone; and 7) Streptognathodus aff. barskovi Zone. The diagnostic Permian genus Sweetognathus first appears in the lower part of the S. aff. S. barskovi Zone. These zones coincide generally with Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian conodont zones of Russia. Streptognathodus virgilicus, a new species common in the upper Shawnee and Wabaunsee Groups, is described.
CHAPTER 8.3 – The Liposome Company: Lipid-based pharmaceuticals in clinical development

This chapter describes the liposome company. The Liposome Company (TLC) has focused its efforts on the development of novel lipid-based pharmaceuticals since 1981. Currently, the three products in advanced clinical development are: (1) ABELCET; (2) VENTUS; (3) TLC TM D-99. The safety and efficacy of ABELCET® have been extensively evaluated in laboratory and clinical studies. In general, these studies have shown that ABELCET® is consistently and markedly less toxic than the conventional micellar formulation, Fungizone or Amphotericin B-deoxycholate (AmB-d), with at least comparable and sometimes enhanced antifungal activity. VENTUS has been shown to decrease the severity of cardiac injury in ischemic–reperfusion models. Successful reperfusion of occluded arteries results in improved survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In comparison to free doxorubicin, a subcutaneous injection of TLC D-99 caused only a localized inflammation (erythema, edema) at the site of injection but no necrosis or ulceration. This chapter focuses that the recent approval of ABELCET® and the continued clinical success with TLC D-99, as well as the progress made with other liposomal and lipid-based human pharmaceuticals, proves that this technology can make a meaningful contribution to human medicinal therapy.
Nanomedicine: An Immense Perspective on a Biotherapeutics

Russian scientist Bachurin’s editorial described the mitochondrial permeability transition pore as a promising target for the novel neuroprotective agents. In view of the factors involved in metabolic disturbances like acidosis, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, pathological aggregation of some proteins, and deregulation of mitochondrial functions. Authors have concluded that the mitochondrial permeability transition holds promising futurefor many neuroprotective agents [4]. Fragoso LR, et al., evaluated the pharmacokinetics parameters of CdS-MDx QDs of different tissues as a model system for determining their tissue uptake and time of residence and elimination. The study observed CdS-MDx QDs as a nanomateria and acts as a favorable pharmacokinetics properties to develop novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities [5].
Validation of a paradigm for screening medications for nicotine dependence.

A33 Research to improve pharmacotherapy for nicotine dependence is hindered by a lack of validated early screening paradigms to predict likely efficacy in the clinical setting. This within-subject behavioral pharmacology study sought to validate a paradigm to assess medication effects on smoking relapse following a programmed lapse (based on the paradigm by Juliano, Stitzer and colleagues). Using varenicline as a positive control, 48 smokers completed two 21-day experimental phases separated by a ≈7-day wash-out period. Treatment order (varenicline vs. placebo) was randomized. Each experimental period included medication run-up (days 1-10), monitored abstinence (days 11-13), programmed smoking lapse (day 14), and observation days (15-21) during which participants were encouraged to stay quit. The primary outcomes were number of days abstinent during the 7-day observation period and 7-day abstinence, both confirmed by CO. Secondary outcomes were changes in negative affect, smoking urges, and withdrawal symptoms during monitored abstinence (day 13 - day 10). In the mixed effects model of number of days to relapse, there was a significant drug by order interaction (p Funding for this study was provided by AstraZeneca and a grant from NCI and NIDA (P50 CA/DA84718). * Corresponding Author
Use of technological innovations in broadening the application of equine exercise physiology

The quadrennial International Conference on Equine Exercise Physiology (ICEEP) allows focused presentations of a variety of horse exercise- and performance-related research data in cardiorespiratory, muscle, biomechanics, nutrition, genomics, and applied physiology. The most diverse section of the ICEEP meeting has been termed variously ‘Applied Exercise Physiology’ (ICEEP 8 and 9), ‘Applied Physiology: Training Methods, Exercise Testing and Selection’ (ICEEP 7), or ‘Applied Physiology of Athletic Performance’ (ICEEP 6 and earlier). The next ICEEP meeting is scheduled to be held in Australia in 2018. In this subspeciality of equine exercise physiology, scientists attempt to apply or put into practical field use the techniques and tools developed in the more basic sciences in order to assess the performance, training, and injury of horses working and performing under true, non-laboratory conditions. The real test of the value of this subspeciality will be the increased application and sustainability of the...
Characteristics associated with the pursuit of work and school among participants in a treatment program for first episode of psychosis.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined the pursuit of education and employment among participants in the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) Connection Program (Dixon et al., 2015; Essock et al., 2015), a first-episode psychosis (FEP) treatment program emphasizing participation in school and work. METHOD Data were collected between 2011 and 2013 from all 65 individuals in the RAISE Connection Program. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and multinomial logit random-effects models were used to examine rates and predictors of work/school participation. RESULTS Most participants who eventually engaged in vocational activities did so within the first year of participation. Many engaged in both school and work. Those working (alone or with school) had better premorbid functioning and cognition and less severe concurrent symptoms. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Participants in FEP programs emphasizing school and work can have high rates of vocational participation and early engagement, often simultaneously in work and school. (PsycINFO Database Record
Zero Rating and the Holy Grail: Universal Standards for Net Neutrality

This chapter challenges the prevailing consensus among most academics, activists and policymakers that uniform normative definitions and standards for net neutrality and zero-rating – the Holy Grail of policymaking - do not yet exist. But it turns out the Holy Grail does exist. Using examples drawn from ongoing experiences in Latin America, I demonstrate that the existing international human rights law framework is an appropriate and adequate source for uniform universal standards on net neutrality. Using case studies from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile, I show how the application of relevant human rights standards contributes to effectively implementing and protecting net neutrality principles, not just in Latin America but globally.
Empirical Tests of Exchange Rate Theory

There have been very few direct applications of experimental techniques in macroeconomics for two main reasons. First, macroeconomics is about the interaction between markets, and it is not easy to design an elegant treatment that gets at the essence of how a national economy functions. Second, there is a vestigial prejudice that favors econometrics over putatively unorthodox empirical approaches. Still, the Nobel Prize-winning economist Edward Prescott is alleged to have said, “Don’t regress; progress!”
Interface Metaphors for Interactive Machine Learning

To promote more interactive and dynamic machine learning, we revisit the notion of user-interface metaphors. User-interface metaphors provide intuitive constructs for supporting user needs through interface design elements. A user-interface metaphor provides a visual or action pattern that leverages a user’s knowledge of another domain. Metaphors suggest both the visual representations that should be used in a display as well as the interactions that should be afforded to the user. We argue that user-interface metaphors can also offer a method of extracting interaction-based user feedback for use in machine learning. Metaphors offer indirect, context-based information that can be used in addition to explicit user inputs, such as user-provided labels. Implicit information from user interactions with metaphors can augment explicit user input for active learning paradigms. Or it might be leveraged in systems where explicit user inputs are more challenging to obtain. Each interaction with the metaphor provides an opportunity to gather data and learn. We argue this approach is especially important in streaming applications, where we desire machine learning systems that can adapt to dynamic, changing data.
Room Temperature Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Epitaxial Manganese Selenide Films in the Monolayer Limit

Monolayer van der Waals (vdW) magnets provide an exciting opportunity for exploring two-dimensional (2D) magnetism for scientific and technological advances, but the intrinsic ferromagnetism has only been observed at low temperatures. Here, we report the observation of room temperature ferromagnetism in manganese selenide (MnSex) films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Magnetic and structural characterization provides strong evidence that, in the monolayer limit, the ferromagnetism originates from a vdW manganese diselenide (MnSe2) monolayer, while for thicker films it could originate from a combination of vdW MnSe2 and/or interfacial magnetism of α-MnSe(111). Magnetization measurements of monolayer MnSex films on GaSe and SnSe2 epilayers show ferromagnetic ordering with a large saturation magnetization of ∼4 Bohr magnetons per Mn, which is consistent with the density functional theory calculations predicting ferromagnetism in monolayer 1T-MnSe2. Growing MnSex films on GaSe up to a high thickness (∼4...
Case 4: An Elderly Lady with a Fractured Neck of the Femur

An 83-year-old lady (70 kg, 5’5” tall) is admitted to the emergency room after a fall in her nursing home. She has a fractured neck of the femur, but otherwise no trauma. In addition, she has many medical problems, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, and chronic obstructive lung disease. On examination she is cooperative, orientated for time and place. She has mild to moderate bilateral ankle and sacral edema, HR 100 atrial fibrillation, and BP 170/100. The EKG shows an old MI with left axis deviation. Room oxygen saturation is 91%. Her chest is clear except for crepitations at the bases and increased respiratory wheeze. She is orientated for time and place and requests a spinal anesthetic as she is worried about going to sleep. You are happy to oblige and explain that she must either sit up or lie on her side for you to do the spinal. She absolutely refuses to sit up or lie on her side claiming this will be very painful. She has received 10 mg of morphine in the emergency room. You attempt to sit her up but she complains of severe pain. You give her midazolam 0.5 mg and fentanyl 50 micrograms slowly. A little later she says she is feeling better. However, her oxygen saturation has now fallen to 87 % on room air. Supplemental oxygen improves to 93%. When you attempt to sit her up again, she refuses point blank. You consider giving her a small dose usage of ketamine so that you can place the spinal in a lateral position. However, ketamine can produce unacceptable increase in BP, and the prior use of atropine to prevent excessive salivation can produce an unwanted increase in heart rate.
Citywide cluster randomized trial to restore blighted vacant land and its effects on violence, crime, and fear

Vacant and blighted urban land is a widespread and potentially risky environmental condition encountered by millions of people on a daily basis. About 15% of the land in US cities is deemed vacant or abandoned, an area roughly the size of Switzerland. In a citywide cluster randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of standardized, reproducible interventions that restore vacant land on the commission of violence, crime, and the perceptions of fear and safety. Quantitative and ethnographic analyses were included in a mixed-methods approach to more fully test and explicate our findings. A total of 541 randomly sampled vacant lots were randomly assigned into treatment and control study arms; outcomes from police and 445 randomly sampled participants were analyzed over a 38-month study period. Participants living near treated vacant lots reported significantly reduced perceptions of crime (-36.8%, P < 0.05), vandalism (-39.3%, P < 0.05), and safety concerns when going outside their homes (-57.8%, P < 0.05), as well as significantly increased use of outside spaces for relaxing and socializing (75.7%, P < 0.01). Significant reductions in crime overall (-13.3%, P < 0.01), gun violence (-29.1%, P < 0.001), burglary (-21.9%, P < 0.001), and nuisances (-30.3%, P < 0.05) were also found after the treatment of vacant lots in neighborhoods below the poverty line. Blighted and vacant urban land affects people's perceptions of safety, and their actual, physical safety. Restoration of this land can be an effective and scalable infrastructure intervention for gun violence, crime, and fear in urban neighborhoods.
Classification and Nomenclature of Interstitial Lung Disease

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was first used in the mid-twentieth century as a term that referred to a seemingly unique lung disease entity characterized by diffuse interstitial changes on chest roentgenograms accompanied by both radiologic and histopathologic evidence of tissue fibrosis. However, as clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists evaluated patients and correlated clinical presentation with radiologic imaging and lung tissue specimens over the following decades, it became clear, especially to pathologists, that there were significant differences among cases of interstitial lung disease (ILD) that had been labeled with the diagnosis of IPF. Intense investigation over recent decades detected similarities and differences among various forms of ILD that led to an evolving nomenclature and classification system for these diverse entities, and the term IPF was retained for a specific entity characterized by a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) histopathologic pattern that is not explained by the presence of lung involvement due to a connective tissue disorder (CTD), a non-IPF form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), or other causes of interstitial pneumonia such as inhaled organic or inorganic environmental agents or an adverse reaction to a pharmacologic therapy.
Implementation of the Healthy Workplace Participatory Program in a Retail Setting: A Feasibility Study and Framework for Evaluation.

Participatory methods used in Total Worker Health® programs have not been well studied, and little is known about what is needed to successfully implement these programs. We conducted a participatory health promotion program with grocery store workers using the Healthy Workplace Participatory Program (HWPP) from the Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace. We recruited a design team made up of six line-level workers and a steering committee with management and union representatives; a research team member facilitated the program. Using a formal evaluation framework, we measured program implementation including workplace context, fidelity to HWPP materials, design team and steering committee engagement, program outputs, and perceptions of the program. The HWPP was moderately successful in this setting, but required a substantial amount of worker and facilitator time. Design team members did not have the skills needed to move through the process and the steering committee did not offer adequate support to compensate for the team’s shortfall. The evaluation framework provided a simple and practical method for identifying barriers to program delivery. Future studies should address these barriers to delivery and explore translation of this program to other settings.
Religion, Science, and the Middle Class in the All World Gayatri Pariwar

The All World Gayatri Pariwar is a modern Hindu movement that utilizes scientific rhetoric a great deal in its discourse. Based on ethnographic research undertaken at the main āśram of the movement in Haridwar, this article provides an overview of the Gayatri Pariwar before shifting to a more sustained discussion of the āśram’s middle-class residents. Noting that younger āśram residents narrate their decisions to move to Shantikunj rather differently than senior residents, I identify an upwardly mobile but disillusioned middle class as a significant subset of the community and situate their experience of being middle class in the larger academic discourse. I conclude with some brief thoughts about the special role that the movement’s scientific rhetoric plays in appealing to this predominately STEM-educated group.
Integrating UDL Strategies into the Online Course Development Process: Instructional Designers' Perspectives

This qualitative case study design examined the perspectives that instructional designers at a 4-year research institution in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States have about integrating UDL strategies into the online course development process. The participants were six individuals involved in the online course development process: four of the participants were instructional designers working for the Instructional Design Team, one participant was an assistant program manager in the Office of Distance Education, and the other was an instructional designer working in the College of Health and Human Services. The interviews focused on the participant’s perspectives on the integration of UDL strategies and how they believe faculty perceived such practices. Using a series of semi-structured interviews and document analysis, three distinct themes emerged: (a) the importance of the instructional designer/faculty member partnership, (b) the number of factors impacting faculty adoption of UDL strategies in their online courses, and (c) faculty resistance to changes in how classroom accommodations are addressed in the higher education classroom. In addition to highlighting factors impacting the integration of UDL strategies, the findings also revealed techniques that could be useful in improving faculty adoption of such practices.
Spatial and temporal patterns of suspended sediment transport in nested urban watersheds

Abstract Patterns of sediment yield have been widely investigated across a variety of scales, but few of these studies have been carried out in urban watersheds. The design of this study represented a unique opportunity to use high-frequency sensor data to compare sediment yields across spatial and temporal scales in an urbanized watershed. Near real-time turbidity and discharge data were collected continuously for four years at five stream gages over three nested spatial scales in the highly impervious 14.2-km2 Dead Run watershed, located in Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. Monthly suspended sediment yields varied by over two orders of magnitude across all stations. Two mid-watershed stations on tributaries to the mainstem of Dead Run are located only about 500 m apart and about 500 m upstream of their confluence, yet displayed observable differences in the timing of their highest sediment yields. Average annual suspended sediment yield was higher at the headwater station with older development (78.2 t/km2/yr) than at the headwater station with more recent development (47.0 t/km2/yr). Average annual yields increased with watershed size from the headwater stations to the mid-watershed stations (87.0 t/km2/yr and 60.4 t/km2/yr). Additionally, yields at the station farthest downstream (81.7 t/km2/yr) were slightly larger than the yield calculated from the sum of both mid-watershed stations (74.6 t/km2/yr), which together represented about 80% of the upstream drainage area. Several additional patterns highlighting spatial heterogeneity of the system were observed. The ratio of sediment yields between the headwater stations increased steadily over time while the runoff ratio remained almost constant. Yields at one mid-watershed station were consistently higher than yields at the other mid-watershed station, despite similarity in runoff totals. Upstream watersheds show year-to-year variation in sediment yield. In contrast, yields at the farthest downstream station show minimal variation. This observation is consistent with the possibility that internal storage and remobilization tend to modulate downstream yields even with spatial and temporal variation in upstream sources. Observable inconsistencies in sediment yields between subwatersheds at monthly time scales suggest that there is a substantial degree of heterogeneity in terms of sediment response to large storm events. Despite significant internal variability, the overall range of sediment yield values at each site was consistent with values reported for multiple urban mid-Atlantic Piedmont watersheds. Comparison with global values indicates that sediment yields from Dead Run are in the same general range as the 25% quartile of urban sediment yields.
Improved Physical Exam Documentation in a Pediatric After Hours Clinic

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: East Carolina University (ECU) Pediatrics, in conjunction with all of the private pediatric practices in Greenville, NC, operates an acute care after hours clinic. Both ECU pediatric faculty and private practice physicians supervise residents in this collaborative clinic. While the ECU Pediatrics day clinic operates using the Electronic Medical Record (EMR), the after hours clinic’s documentation occurs on paper charts due to underlying EMR access issues. The paper chart used in the after hours clinic employs a “checkbox” template for the physical exam with extra room for free text. This template lends itself to …
Terrestrial conservation opportunities and inequities revealed by global multi-scale prioritization

Abstract Area-based conservation through reserves or other measures is vital for preserving biodiversity and its functions for future generations1–5, but its effective implementation suffers from a lack of both management-level detail6 and transparency around national responsibilities that might underpin cross-national support mechanisms7. Here we implement a conservation prioritization2,8 framework that accounts for spatial data limitations yet offers actionable guidance at a 1km resolution. Our multi-scale linear optimization approach delineates globally the areas required to meet conservation targets for all ∼32,000 described terrestrial vertebrate species, while offering flexibility in decision management to meet different local conservation objectives. Roughly 48.5% of land is sufficient to meet conservation targets for all species, of which 60.2% is either already protected9 or has minimal human modification10. However, human-modified areas need to be managed or restored in some form to ensure the long-term survival for over half of species. This burden of area-based conservation is distributed very unevenly among countries, and, without a process that explicitly addresses geopolitical inequity, requires disproportionately large commitments from poorer countries. Our analyses provide baseline information for a potential intergovernmental and stakeholder contribution mechanism in service of a globally shared goal of sustaining biodiversity. Future updates and extensions to this global priority map have the potential to guide local and national advocacy and actions with a data-driven approach to support global conservation outcomes.
Engineered myosins drive filopodial transport.

Engineered, light-inducible artificial myosin motors enable selective and direct manipulation of filopodial extensions and provide refined tools to control intracellular cargo transport in vivo.