cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal emotion regulation during child distress, child anxiety accommodation, and links between maternal and child anxiety

Abstract Environmental contributions are thought to play a primary role in the familial aggregation of anxiety, but parenting influences remain poorly understood. We examined dynamic relations between maternal anxiety, maternal emotion regulation (ER) during child distress, maternal accommodation of child distress, and child anxiety. Mothers (N = 45) of youth ages 3–8 years (M = 4.8) participated in an experimental task during which they listened to a standardized audio recording of a child in anxious distress pleading for parental intervention. Measures of maternal and child anxiety, mothers’ affective states, mothers’ ER strategies during the child distress, and maternal accommodation of child anxiety were collected. Mothers’ resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity during the recording was also acquired. Higher maternal negative affect and greater maternal ER switching (i.e., using multiple ER strategies in a short time without positive regulatory results) during child distress were associated with child anxiety. Sequential mediation modeling showed that maternal anxiety predicted ineffective maternal ER during child distress exposure, which in turn predicted greater maternal accommodation, which in turn predicted higher child anxiety. Findings support the mediating roles of maternal ER and accommodation in linking maternal and child anxiety, and suggest that ineffective maternal ER and subsequent attempts to accommodate child distress may act as mechanisms underlying the familial aggregation of anxiety.
Examining differences in characteristics between patients receiving primary care from nurse practitioners or physicians using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data and Medicare claims data.

Background Few studies have examined differences in functional, cognitive, and psychological factors between patients utilizing only nurse practitioners (NPs) and those utilizing only primary care medical doctors (PCMDs) for primary care. Purpose Patients utilizing NP-only or PCMD-only models for primary care will be characterized and compared in terms of functional, cognitive, and psychological factors. Methodology Cohorts were obtained from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey linked to Medicare claims data. Weighted analysis was conducted to compare the patients within the two care models in terms of functional, cognitive, and psychological factors. Results From 2007 to 2013, there was a 170% increase in patients utilizing only NPs for primary care. In terms of health status, patients utilizing only NPs in their primary care were not statistically different from patients utilizing only PCMDs. Conclusion There is a perception that NPs, as compared with PCMDs, tend to provide care to healthier patients. Our results are contrary to this perception. In terms of health status, NP-only patients are similar to PCMD-only patients. Implications for practice Results of this study may inform research comparing NP-only care and PCMD-only care using Medicare and the utilization of NPs in primary care.
Comparison of Guideline Review Tools

Guideline review tools detect and flag a web page’s or site’s deviation from design criteria (e.g., W3C HTML coding standards [World Wide Web Consortium, 2001c], Section 508 guidelines [Center for Information Technology Accommodation, 2002], or W3C Content Accessibility Guidelines [World Wide Web Consortium, 1999]). A few tools can assist practitioners with making recommended changes or can modify designs automatically. Section 3 of Chapter 10 showed that, among the automated evaluation tools, practitioners were most likely to use guideline review tools, yet they were not satisfied with the tools that they had used.
Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia

Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart disease and an important cause of morbidity in patients with normal heart. It is most common in patients with coronary artery disease with a history of myocardial infarction but it can develop in patients with other heart diseases. Since the advent and introduction of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, the therapeutic approach to recurrent sustained VT in patients with heart disease significantly changed. Advances over the past decade now allow ablation of multiple, hemodynamically unstable, epicardial, and polymorphic VTs, formerly considered unmappable. Specific locations for the origins of idiopathic VT outside of the RVOT have been defined. These procedures are often difficult and are best approached by experienced operators in experienced laboratories. When the expertise is available, catheter ablation should be considered earlier in the therapeutic armamentarium for treatment of recurrent VT.
RF-input load modulated balanced amplifier

This work presents a load modulated balanced amplifier (LMBA) that directly amplifies a modulated RF input. The architecture is based on the recently proposed LMBA technique, in which a control signal applied at the output hybrid of a balanced amplifier is used to modulate the apparent load impedance of the two main devices. Here, we eliminate the need for an externally-generated control signal. Instead, the control signal is directly and simply synthesized from a modulated RF input, allowing the architecture to function directly as an RF-input / RF-output power amplifier. The technique is demonstrated at 700–850 MHz with a peak efficiency of 63.2% at peak CW output power of 41.7 dBm, and 47.1% at 6 dB back-off.
Secure reference-tracking with resource-constrained UAVs

In this paper we study a security problem for resource-constrained autonomous systems. We consider a UAV tasked with tracking a reference trajectory, and an attacker capable of compromising the measurements taken at certain sensors. We consider a probabilistic attack model, where the attacker executes denial of service attacks against a subset of sensors based on a Bernoulli process. We assume that sensors have different accuracy, reliability, and require different computational times to be activated. Our approach is based on the formalism of Markov Jump Linear Systems. We develop and numerically validate an optimal security countermeasure that probabilistically selects which sensor to use at different time instants, so as to balance performance and security, and ultimately minimize the UAV's expected tracking error.
Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Urinary Metabolomics: Associations and Long-Term Reproducibility in Bangladesh Adults.

Background: Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic from drinking water has been associated with a host of cancer and noncancer diseases. The application of metabolomics in epidemiologic studies may ...
Avian Reservoirs of Newcastle Disease

Newcastle disease is a major infection of poultry in most countries of the world. Among chickens it appears to be transmitted primarily by aerosol and consequently spreads rapidly through large flocks. Disease manifestations range from simple respiratory signs, to complications involving the nervous and digestive systems. Mortality varies from insignificant to one hundred percent and depends chiefly on strain of the virus.
Cure kinetics of epoxy resins and aromatic diamines

Synopsis An analysis of the cure kinetics of several different formulations composed of bifunctional epoxy resins and aromatic diamines was performed. A series of isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) runs (at higher temperature) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) runs (at lower temperature) provided information about the kinetics of cure in the temperature range 18-160°C. All kinetic parameters of the curing reaction, including the reaction rate order, activation energy, and frequency factor were calculated and reported. Dynamic and isothermal DSC yielded different results. An explanation was offered in terms of different curing mechanisms which prevail under different curing conditions. A mechanism scheme was proposed to account for various possible reactions during cure.
Small-Particle Effects and Structural Considerations for Electrocatalysis

The rapid relaxation of atoms at the surface of a liquid yields an equilibrium surface where the surface tension is equal to the surface free energy. On the other hand, the atoms at the surface of a solid rearrange to their final equilibrium positions very slowly. In the case of such a nonequilibrium surface, the surface free energy and the surface tension are not the same.1 Furthermore, solids possess a crystalline structure with surface properties that may depend on the crystal orientation at the surface. Owing to the crystal structure of metals, the possibility has been raised that the electrochemical properties of solid metal electrodes are dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the electrode surface exposed to the electrolyte.
A macro view of the micro: bit in higher education

The micro:bit - a credit-card-sized Internet of Things platform - is one of the most exciting innovations to happen in computer science education in many years. The micro:bit was originally designed to foster an interest in computer science among younger students in the UK, but many of the factors that make the micro:bit an ideal tool for use in K-12 also apply to higher education. This paper explains what the micro:bit is and details the myriad ways in which it may be used in post-secondary education.
Cadmium isotope fractionation during coal combustion: Insights from two U.S. coal-fired power plants

Abstract Coal combustion, one of the principal energy sources of electricity in the United States, produces over 100 million tons of coal combustion products (CCPs) per year in the U.S. The reuse and disposal of CCPs has the potential to release toxic trace elements, including cadmium (Cd), into the environment. In this study, we investigated CCPs, including bottom ash (BA), economizer fly ash (EFA), and fly ash (FA), as well as feed coal (FC) and pulverized coal (PC) collected from two U.S. coal-fired power plants in New Mexico and Ohio with different coal supplies. The New Mexico plant uses high volatile C bituminous, low-sulfur coals mined from the San Juan Basin (Cretaceous Fruitland Formation) and the Ohio plant uses high volatile A bituminous, high-sulfur central Appalachian Basin coals (Upper Pennsylvanian Monongahela Formation). Mineralogical and elemental analysis showed that these CCP samples consist of ∼70% amorphous Al-Si-rich glasses and ∼30% mineral phases of quartz (SiO2) and mullite (Ai6Si2O13). The Cd isotope compositions (δ114Cd, normalized to NIST Cd standard 3108) of FA and EFA samples (ranging from −0.51 to +0.47‰) are distinctively heavier than those of BA samples (−0.75 to −0.52‰) in both power plants. We interpret this Cd isotope difference as a result of Cd condensation from the gas phase during flue gas cooling, instead of evaporation of Cd phase during coal combustion. Cd condensation is the main process to generate the isotopically heavy Cd signatures that preferentially partition on the fine FA particles. We also investigated Cd isotope compositions in different leachate products from a series of batch-leaching experiments with these CCPs, using diluted acetic acid, hydroxyl ammonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide followed by ammonium acetate, and 5% nitric acid, as a possible means to identify CCP-released Cd in the environment. Unusually and significantly heavier Cd isotope compositions were observed in each leachate of FA samples (+1.10 to +7.09‰), which fall far outside from the range of Cd isotope ratios observed in natural soils and rocks, but less so for the EFA samples (−0.43 to +1.18‰). Such an observation is consistent with the interpretation that isotopically heavy Cd preferentially partitions on the fine FA particles after coal combustion and is readily to be released during these leaching experiments. This study demonstrates that high-temperature coal combustion can lead to a very large degree of fractionation of Cd isotopes that can be used as a unique tracer for identifying anthropogenic metal inputs in the environment. The major Cd isotope fractionation process occurs as the Cd gas phase condenses on fine FA particles during the flue gas cooling stage after coal combustion.
Ca2+ Diffusion in the Cytoplasm of Aplysia Neurons: Its Relationship to Local Concentration Changes

The transient rise in intracellular free Ca2+, which occurs in many nerve cells with excitation of the plasma membrane, has been shown to modulate the activity of a number of membrane conductance systems. Among these are the activation of a K+ channel (Meech, 1978) and the inactivation of Ca2+ channels (Tillotson, 1979; Eckert and Tillotson, 1981). A precise understanding of any cellular mechanism mediated by Ca2+ requires a definition of the Ca2+ concentration in the vicinity of the relevant regulatory sites. In the case of plasma membrane conductances, the regulatory sites must be associated with the channels themselves; either directly or via local biochemical machinery. The time-varying Ca2+ concentration at any point in a nerve cell body is determined by a number of factors including: 1) the size of the Ca2+ load and the locus where it is applied 2) the cytoplasmic mechanisms responsible for regulating the free Ca concentration in the intracellular compartment 3) the rate of diffusion of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. The validity of predictions of local Ca2+ changes associated with membrane excitation depends on having a reasonable estimate for each of these factors.
BIG1 and BIG2: Brefeldin A-Inhibited Exchange Factors for Arfs

Brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (BIG1) and BIG2 were purified as components of a∼670 kDa protein complex. BIG1 and BIG2 partially colocalize with the Golgi 58 kDa protein and γ-adaptin, a component of the AP-1 complex. The distribution of BIG1 in the TGN is distinct from that of GBF-1, a brefeldin A (BFA)-resistant GEF that was confined to the cis-Golgi. Recently reported studies implicate BIG2 in the transport of lysosomal enzymes between the TGN and late endosomes. Recognition that BFA inhibition of BIG1 and Gea1 is non-competitive was the key to understanding its mechanism of action. [3H]BFA binding was used to define structural requirements for the formation of a BFA-Arf-Sec7 domain complex. A recently published synthesis of structure-function information includes a valuable model of the Arf-Sec7 domain interaction and the mechanism of BFA inhibition.
Theories of latent inhibition

Latent inhibition (LI) is a phenomenon by which preexposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) retards the subsequent generation of conditioned responses (CR) when the CS is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) (Lubow and Moore, 1959). LI can be obtained through different procedures. In a between-subject procedure, animals are either (a) simply placed in the context in the nonpreexposed (NPE) case or (b) preexposed to the CS in the preexposed (PE) case. In a within-subject procedure, animals are (a) preexposed to the target CS and (b) conditioned either to the target CS (PE) or a control CS (NPE). In both cases, LI is evaluated by the difference in conditioning attained by the PE and NPE animals.
Cross-Validation, Stacking and Bi-Level Stacking: Meta-Methods for Classification Learning

So many methods have been invented for the problem of classification learning that practitioners now face a meta-level problem of choosing among alternatives or arbitrating between them. A natural idea is to use cross-validation to select one of several learning algorithms. A more general approach is Wolpert’s stacking, which uses the predictions of several methods together; and this may be further generalized to bi-level stacking, in which ordinary attributes are allowed to play a role in arbitrating between methods. In this paper, we examine cross-validation, stacking and bi-level stacking and present empirical results to illustrate key points.
The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy: A Synthesis

In this chapter a comprehensive assessment of the greenhouse gases budget of the Italian terrestrial ecosystems is provided, with particular attention to forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems and some case studies focusing on Italian shrublands and lands naturally or artificially converted to forests. Different methods have been applied and compared, such as regional measurements, use of flux networks and data-driven models within specific sectoral approaches in order to characterize the greenhouse gases budget of terrestrial ecosystems. The results presented respond also to the growing interest of the recent years in the role of the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems and its relevance for national policies on mitigation and adaptation to climate changes.
A clinical prediction model was sensitive but not specific for predicting mortality in pulmonary embolism.

Source Citation Aujesky D, Roy PM, Le Manach CP, et al. Validation of a model to predict adverse outcomes in patients with pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:476-81. 16207738
Toward Explainable Deep Neural Network Based Anomaly Detection

Anomaly detection in industrial processes is crucial for general process monitoring and process health assessment. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) based anomaly detection has received increased attention in recent work. Albeit their high accuracy, the black-box nature of DNNs is a drawback in practical deployment. Especially in industrial anomaly detection systems, explanations of DNN detected anomalies are crucial. This paper presents a framework for DNN based anomaly detection which provides explanations of detected anomalies. The framework answers the following questions during online processing: 1) “why is it an anomaly?” and 2) “what is the confidence?” Further, the framework can be used offline to evaluate the “knowledge” of the trained DNN. The framework reduces the opaqueness of the DNN based anomaly detector and thus improves human operators' trust in the algorithm. This paper implements the first steps of the presented framework on the benchmark KDD-NSL dataset for Denial of Service (DoS) attack detection. Offline DNN explanations showed that the DNN was detecting DoS attacks based on features indicating destination of connection, frequency and amount of data transferred while showing an accuracy around 97%.
Mercury and trace metal wet deposition across five stations in Alaska: controlling factors, spatial patterns, and source regions

Abstract. A total of 1360 weeks of mercury (Hg) wet deposition data were collected by the state of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation and the U.S. National Park Service across five stations spanning up to 8 years. Here, we analyze concentration patterns, source regions, and seasonal and annual Hg deposition loadings across these five sites in Alaska, along with auxiliary trace metals including Cr, Ni, As, and Pb. We found that Hg concentrations in precipitation at the two northernmost stations, Nome (64.5 ∘ N) along the coast of the Bering Sea and the inland site of Gates of the Arctic (66.9 ∘ N), were statistically higher (average of 5.3 and 5.5 ng L −1 , respectively) than those at the two lowest-latitude sites, Kodiak Island (57.7 ∘ N, 2.7 ng L −1) and Glacier Bay (58.5 ∘ N, 2.6 ng L −1) . These differences were largely explained by different precipitation regimes, with higher precipitation at the lower-latitude stations leading to dilution effects. The highest annual Hg deposition loads were consistently observed at Kodiak Island ( 4.80±1.04 µ g m −2) , while the lowest annual deposition was at Gates of the Arctic ( 2.11±0.67 µ g m −2) . Across all stations and collection years, annual precipitation strongly controlled annual Hg deposition, explaining 73 % of the variability in observed annual Hg deposition. The data further showed that annual Hg deposition loads across all five Alaska sites were consistently among the lowest in the United States, ranking in the lowest 1 % to 5 % of over 99 monitoring stations. Detailed back-trajectory analyses showed diffuse source regions for most Hg deposition sites suggesting largely global or regional Hg sources. One notable exception was Nome, where we found increased Hg contributions from the western Pacific Ocean downwind of East Asia. Analysis of other trace elements (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) from Dutch Harbor, Nome, and Kodiak Island showed generally higher trace metal concentrations at the northern station Nome compared to Kodiak Island further to the south, with concentrations at Dutch Harbor falling in between. Across all sites, we find two distinct groups of correlating elements: Cr and Ni and As and Pb. We attribute these associations to possibly different source origins, whereby sources of Ni and Cr may be derived from crustal (e.g., dust) sources while As and Pb may include long-range transport of anthropogenic pollution. Hg was not strongly associated with either of these two groups.
In vitro and In vivo Assessment of an Electrospun Nanofiber Coated Decellularized Bovine Pericardium as a Regenerative Valve Substitute vs. Glutaraldehyde Fixed Pericardium

Objective: Decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP) fixed with glutaraldehyde (GA) is the current standard of choice, for valve tissue reconstructions in children. DBP-GA is inert due to the cytotox...
Public perceptions of marine wilderness as a marine protected area designation

Abstract A representative survey of 530 residents of the most heavily populated region in Oregon (USA) showed that most believed the concept and label of wilderness could apply to the ocean. Although a majority thought Oregon's marine reserves could be called wilderness, other areas of the ocean along Oregon's coast and elsewhere in the world were seen as more appropriate for marine wilderness. Respondents also thought wilderness was more applicable to land than the ocean. Over half would not change their attitudes or visitation associated with marine areas if they were designated as wilderness. For those who would be affected by this designation, most would change their attitudes in a positive direction and increase visitation. “Marine protected area,” “marine reserve,” “marine wilderness,” and “wilderness” designations evoked different reactions among respondents with marine protected areas and reserves inferring regulations and limitations, and terrestrial and marine wildernesses eliciting notions of pristineness and purity.
An Approximation-Based Approach for Chance-Constrained Vehicle Routing and Air Traffic Control Problems

We proposed a polynomial approximation-based approach to solve a specific type of chance-constrained optimization problem that can be equivalently transformed into a convex program. This type of chance-constrained optimization is in great needs of many applications, and most solution techniques are problem-specific. Our essential contribution is to provide an all-purpose solution approach through Monte Carlo and establish the linkage between our obtained optimal solution with the true optimal solution. Thanks to fast-advancing computer hardware, our method would be increasingly appealing to businesses, including small businesses. We present the numerical results including the air traffic flow management (ATFM) and the capacitated routing problem (CVRP) with stochastic demand to show that our approach with Monte Carlo will yield high-quality, timely, and stable solutions. We apply the approach to the ATFM problem to efficiently solve the weather-affected traffic flow management problem. Since there are massive independent approximation processes in the polynomial approximation-based approach, a distributed computing framework is designed to carry out the computation. For the CVRP problem, we conclude that our chance-constrained method has some strategic advantages to serve a logistics company well when resource costs and service guarantees are of concern.
COMPARISON OF FOOTING VIBRATION TESTS WITH THEORY

THEORETICAL SOLUTIONS TREATING FOOTINGS RESTING ON AN ELASTIC SEMI-INFINITE BODY WERE COMPARED WITH TEST RESULTS RECENTLY PUBLISHED BY WES. THE TEST FOOTINGS WERE FROM 5 FT TO 16 FT IN DIAM AND WERE EXCITED INTO THE VERTICAL, TORSIONAL, AND ROCKING MODES OF VIBRATION. IT WAS FOUND THAT THE THEORIES GAVE GOOD ESTIMATES OF THE AMPLITUDES OF MOTION WHEN THE VERTICAL OSCILLATION PRODUCED A LINEAR ACCELERATION OF THE FOOTINGS OF LESS THAN ABOUT 1/2 G AND WHEN THE ROTATIONAL OSCILLATIONS WERE LESS THAN ABOUT 3.1 MIL. THESE MOTIONS COVER THE NORMAL RANGE OF MACHINE VIBRATIONS. BECAUSE THE THEORETICAL SOLUTIONS BASED ON THE ELASTIC SEMI- INFINITE BODY CAN BE INTERPRETED IN TERMS OF A LUMPED MASS, SPRING, AND DASHPOT SYSTEM, THE LATTER SYSTEM MAY ALSO BE USED FOR PREDICTING FOOTING MOTIONS. /ASCE/
23 – Canonical Forms

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on canonical forms applicable to some specific ordinary differential equations. The chapter highlights that each of these equations has certain canonical forms. When approximations and numerical values for these equations are reported in the literature, it is generally for the canonical forms. The chapter highlights that a critical point is called a moving critical point if its location depends on the initial conditions for the differential equation, and so the location of the critical point is not fixed solely by the coefficients of the differential equation. Even though the Painleve equations do not have elementary solutions in general, some choices of the parameters will lead to equations solvable in terms of elementary functions. An ordinary differential equation is said to have the Painleve property if all of its solutions are free of moving critical points. The chapter also discusses about a MACSYMA program for determining whether a nonlinear ordinary differential equation has the Painleve property.
The Lethal Synergy Corroding American Democracy: Who Are the “GINs”—And Why Is It That They Can’t “Quit Trump”?

There are, to be sure, many different movements than can be called “populism.” The concern of this chapter is with the populism in America that has arisen in the context of the candidacy and presidency of Donald J. Trump. A synergy has evolved between Trump and some of his followers, those I identify as “GINs” (Gullible, Ignorant, Noncritical). Readily identifiable Trumpian traits, and Trumpian tactics, interact powerfully with the defining characteristics of these supporters. Trump elicits and enlarges some of their worst character traits; the vocal adoration of the GINs elicits and enlarges some of his worst character traits. Additionally, this analysis yields a number of important implications; I shall call them the “Four Corollaries of the Apocalypse.” The first is the unshakeable devotion of these supporters. The second is the virtual impossibility of “transferring” that devotion to other Republicans. The third is that this devotion is inimical to the civil, rational discourse that is essential to a healthy liberal democracy. The final corollary is forward-looking: that the coalescing, energizing and validating of this populist political force will imperil the operations of democratic institutions into the future.
Simulation induces durable, extensive changes to self-knowledge

Abstract The sense of self is a hallmark of the human experience, but it is also unstable. Even simulating another person – thinking about their traits or experiences – can shift how one thinks about their own traits or experiences. Simulating a target shifts self-knowledge such that it becomes more similar to the target; in six studies, we explore how extensively these changes occur. In all studies, participants first rated themselves in a specific context, then simulated another individual in the same context, and finally considered themselves again. We calculated how participants' self-knowledge changed by comparing similarity to the target before vs. after simulation. In Studies 1–2, participants' episodic memories shifted to be more similar to the simulated target; this change persisted at least 48 h. Studies 3–4 show that semantic self-knowledge changes after considering semantically related traits, while Study 5 shows that this effect extends to cross-language traits. Together, these results suggest that simulation causes durable, extensive changes across both episodic and semantic self-knowledge.
Changes in genetic risk for emotional eating across the menstrual cycle: a longitudinal study.

Background. Previous studies have shown significant within-person changes in binge eating and emotional eating across the menstrual cycle, with substantial increases in both phenotypes during post-ovulation. Increases in both estradiol and progesterone levels appear to account for these changes in phenotypic risk, possibly via increases in genetic effects. However, to date, no study has examined changes in genetic risk for binge phenotypes (or any other phenotype) across the menstrual cycle. The goal of the present study was to examine within-person changes in genetic risk for emotional eating scores across the menstrual cycle. Method. Participants were 230 female twin pairs (460 twins) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry who completed daily measures of emotional eating for 45 consecutive days. Menstrual cycle phase was coded based on dates of menstrual bleeding and daily ovarian hormone levels. Results. Findings revealed important shifts in genetic and environmental influences, where estimates of genetic influences were two times higher in post- as compared with pre-ovulation. Surprisingly, pre-ovulation was marked by a predominance of environmental influences, including shared environmental effects which have not been previously detected for binge eating phenotypes in adulthood. Conclusions. Our study was the first to examine within-person shifts in genetic and environmental influences on a behavioral phenotype across the menstrual cycle. Results highlight a potentially critical role for these shifts in risk for emotional eating across the menstrual cycle and underscore the need for additional, large-scale studies to identify the genetic and environmental factors contributing to menstrual cycle effects. Received 13 March 2015; Revised 29 May 2015; Accepted 1 June 2015
SIMULTANEOUS IN SITU DETERMINATION OF DISSOLVED NITROGEN AND OXYGEN BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

Abstract An accurate in situ gas chromatographic technique was developed for simultaneous determination of dissolved gases in water. Samples were prepared by exposing known volumes of helium carrier gas to the water under analysis across a non-selective membrane in tubular form. Attention was focused on nitrogen and oxygen mixtures because of the previous lack of a rapid dissolved nitrogen assay procedure. The membrane diffusion cell, comprising a Silastic tubing connected to two stainless steel capillary tubes, was incorporated into the sampling circuit of a Carle 8515 gas chromatograph. Response of the system to dissolved gas partial pressure is linear, and interference between the gases is negligible; the standard deviation of individual measurements from the expected value is about 0.5 percent for both nitrogen and oxygen. It remains to determine membrane service life and system reliability under field conditions. However, developmental studies indicate that this technique is attractive for measurements of both dissolved nitrogen and oxygen and that it should be possible to extend it to other gases.
One step forward, two steps backward? Does E-Government make governments in developing countries more transparent and accountable?

Many countries are in the process of transitioning from primarily paper-based administrative systems to digital systems through the application of information and communication technology (ICTs) as part of e-Government initiatives. Though much has been written about the positive power of technology and information to support greater transparency and accountability and, by extension, development, this paper discusses literature exploring the unintended consequences and downside risks for transparency and accountability associated with the way recorded information is produced and managed in digitally enabled developing country public sector contexts. The implications of these risks for implementation of right to information laws is discussed, and a call is made for further research and greater attention to the effects of ICT use in the public sector, especially in regard to digital records and information creation, use, management and preservation and effects upon the operation of transparency and accountability mechanisms.
Environmental and Diagenetic Controls of Carbonate and Evaporite Source Rocks

ABSTRACT The organic geochemistry of the shale source rocks has been a subject for extensive research during the past two decades. Many useful interpretive techniques have been developed for the assessment of hydrocarbon potential of sedimentary basins in which shales are the principal and logical source for petroleum generation. In contrast, the present understanding of carbonate and evaporite source rocks remains superficial. The criteria generally employed to assess shale source rocks are inadequate and misleading when applied to carbonate-evaporite basins. Most misconceptions regarding the hydrocarbon potential of carbonate and evaporite rocks stem from a simplistic notion that organic matter associated with the sediments on well-aerated carbonate shelves and evaporite-depositing environments is not likely to be preserved. Recent data on organic geochemistry of Holocene carbonates from shallow shelves suggest that: Organic matter can be preserved in certain environments. The kerogens produced from degradation of organic matter in carbonate sediments are predominantly sapropelic and therefore much more efficient sources for hydrocarbons than the mixed humic-sapropelic kerogens of shales. The preservation of organic matter in carbonates and evaporites is controlled both by environments of deposition and diagenetic overprints. Sabkha, lagoonal, and basinal environments, for example, are excellent for preservation of organic matter. Vadose and fresh-water phreatic diagenetic environments are not favorable for organic preservation. The marine phreatic diagenetic environment, however, is favorable for preservation of organic matter. Source rocks can be formed in transgressive carbonate-evaporite facies. The regressive facies, however, are favorably situated for development of leached secondary porosity. The transgressive-regressive couplets should be ideal sequences for petroleum generation and accumulation. Geochemical data on ancient rocks strongly suggests that sabkha evaporites should be seriously considered as a possible source rock for petroleum. The late structural movements could produce the micro-fracture systems which would form the avenues for petroleum migration from source to reservoir rocks.
CFD‐Based Nonlinear Computational Aeroelasticity

This chapter overviews a three-field formulation of nonlinear aeroelastic problems, where the fluid is modeled by the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) form of either the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations; the structure is represented by a detailed finite element model, and the fluid-mesh is unstructured, dynamic, and constructed by a robust structure-analogy–based method. It also discusses recent advances in the computational algorithms associated with this approach for modeling nonlinear fluid/structure interaction problems. These include CFD schemes that are formally second-order time-accurate on moving grids, energy-transfer–conserving methods for discretizing transmission conditions across nonmatching fluid and structure discrete interfaces, and state-of-the-art loosely coupled algorithms for solving efficiently coupled systems of fluid and structural equations arising from the discretization of real aircraft configurations. A taste of the capabilities of such algorithms is provided by reporting on their validation for an F-16 fighter aircraft configuration in various subsonic, transonic, and supersonic airstreams, and at various load factors. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the feasibility and merit of the overviewed computational technology for accurately extracting the flutter envelopes of civilian and military aircraft, and a perspective on future research in CFD-based nonlinear computational aeroelasticity. Keywords: computational aeroelasticity; CFD; fluid/structure interaction; flutter; loosely coupled algorithms; validation
Information Acquisition, Resource Allocation and Managerial Incentives

A manager's compensation contract and the level of resources available to him jointly influence his incentives to acquire information about different investment alternatives as well as his resource allocate decisions. We show that the optimal compensation contract induces investment allocations that are more aggressive than the first-best allocation conditional on available information. The optimal level of resources may be set above or below the first-best level, depending on whether desired total investment increases or decreases with information. Both types of equilibrium investment distortions are used to motivate information acquisition by the manager. Finally, we show that choice of the level of resources can be delegated to the manager without any loss in efficiency through appropriately linking managerial compensation to the level of resources requested.
Scalable Learning in World of Warcraft

Since 1996, a new genre of games has emerged. These games, called Massively Multiplayer Online Games, or MMOGs, have created a new context for play within the culture of a large scale social network. World of Warcraft is one of the most recent examples of the genre and exemplifies how these games serve as complex and, most importantly, scalable learning environments.
Lack of association between Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity and aortic atherosclerotic plaques: a population-based transesophageal echocardiographic study.

AbstractObjectives: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniaeseropositivity and aortic atherosclerotic plaques in the general population.Background: S...
Hello, Who is Calling?: Can Words Reveal the Social Nature of Conversations?

This study aims to infer the social nature of conversations from their content automatically. To place this work in context, our motivation stems from the need to understand how social disengagement affects cognitive decline or depression among older adults. For this purpose, we collected a comprehensive and naturalistic corpus comprising of all the incoming and outgoing telephone calls from 10 subjects over the duration of a year. As a first step, we learned a binary classifier to filter out business related conversation, achieving an accuracy of about 85%. This classification task provides a convenient tool to probe the nature of telephone conversations. We evaluated the utility of openings and closing in differentiating personal calls, and find that empirical results on a large corpus do not support the hypotheses by Schegloff and Sacks that personal conversations are marked by unique closing structures. For classifying different types of social relationships such as family vs other, we investigated features related to language use (entropy), hand-crafted dictionary (LIWC) and topics learned using unsupervised latent Dirichlet models (LDA). Our results show that the posteriors over topics from LDA provide consistently higher accuracy (60--81%) compared to LIWC or language use features in distinguishing different types of conversations.
Renal Vascular Structure and Rarefaction

An intact microcirculation is vital for diffusion of oxygen and nutrients and for removal of toxins of every organ and system in the human body. The functional and/or anatomical loss of microvessels is known as rarefaction, which can compromise the normal organ function and have been suggested as a possible starting point of several diseases. The purpose of this overview is to discuss the potential underlying mechanisms leading to renal microvascular rarefaction, and the potential consequences on renal function and on the progression of renal damage. Although the kidney is a special organ that receives much more blood than its metabolic needs, experimental and clinical evidence indicates that renal microvascular rarefaction is associated to prevalent cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, either as cause or consequence. On the other hand, emerging experimental evidence using progenitor cells or angiogenic cytokines supports the feasibility of therapeutic interventions capable of modifying the progressive nature of microvascular rarefaction in the kidney. This overview will also attempt to discuss the potential renoprotective mechanisms of the therapeutic targeting of the renal microcirculation.
Three things every CS educator should know about their students' future careers in software development: keynote address

Computer science education is fundamentally about transitioning students from novices to experts. As students learn new hard and soft skills, and master them, they grow more confident in their abilities and interactions with others. We are pleased to see them become big fish in a small pond. But, when college graduates enter the software engineering workforce, just how well do they fare? In this talk, I'll show you three surprising challenges that we saw newly graduated Computer Science students overcome as they began careers in software development at Microsoft. With the adoption of some innovative pedagogical approaches in Computer Science education already being taught in universities around the world, I think we can ease the transition and better prepare students for positions in the software industry.
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Mistaken For Manganese Toxicity In A Patient With Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A New Triad Of Devastating Disease? (P4.035)

OBJECTIVE: To bring to light a new triad of disease and to increase awareness regarding misdiagnosis of manganese toxicity in patients with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome (CVID). BACKGROUND: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder arising from a deficiency in arylsulfatase A, results in extensive demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous system. Adult onset MLD follows a more benign course than infantile onset MLD. We review similar presentations of two patients with CVID both initially diagnosed with manganese toxicity, one was confirmed to have MLD. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report and literature review RESULTS: A 27 year old Caucasian man with CVID, on IVIG, presented with rapidly progressing bilateral arm weakness and anarthria. Brain MRI showed symmetric minimally enhancing basal ganglia, thalamus, and cortical/subcortical lesions. Infectious, toxic, and paraneoplastic work-up revealed elevated serum manganese level. He was diagnosed with manganese toxicity but despite chelation he progressed to complete spastic quadriparesis, bulbar paralysis and respiratory failure within six weeks. Serial brain MRI revealed progression of T2 and flair signal involving all white matter, extending into the deep gray matter, pons and medulla. Genetic testing showed two deleterious mutations in ARSA gene consistent with arylsulfatase A deficiency. A literature review revealed a second patient with CVID and a similar presentation, including elevated manganese levels, similar MRI findings and rapid progression who was diagnosed with manganese toxicity. No testing was pursued for MLD. The patient similarly died a few months after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although thought of as a more “benign” disease variant, adult onset MLD may have a fatal presentation in patients with CVID. A triad of disease including CVID, elevated manganese, and MLD resulting in rapid progression and death may exist. In patients with CVID presenting with rapid progression and elevated manganese, adult onset MLD should be part of the differential. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Ahmed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Abboud has nothing to disclose. Dr. Manno has nothing to disclose.
Relevant perturbation of entanglement entropy and stationarity

A relevant perturbation of the entanglement entropy of a sphere is examined holographically near the UV fixed point. Varying the conformal dimension of the relevant operator, we obtain three different sectors: (1) the entanglement entropy is stationary and the perturbative expansion is well defined with respect to the relevant coupling, (2) the entropy is stationary, but the perturbation fails, (3) the entropy is neither stationary nor perturbative. We compare our holographic results with the numerical calculation for a free massive scalar field in three dimensions, and find a qualitative agreement between them. We speculate that these statements hold for any relevant perturbation in any quantum field theory invariant under the Poincar\'e symmetry.
Short-range precopulatory behavior of males of Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)

The short-range precopulatory behavior of males of Pectinophora gossypiella was examined by direct observation and sequential photography. A pheromone-stimulated male takes flight and moves upwind toward a pheromone-releasing female. He usually lands several centimeters from her and then walks toward her while fluttering his wings and extending his hairpencils. The female typically withdraws her pheromone gland when the male first contacts her. The male makes a copulatory attempt and, if coupling occurs, he moves to an “end-to-end” position. Males oriented toward a synthetic pheromone source even in the absence of visual stimuli from a female, and their forward locomotion was usually arrested when they arrived at the source. Copulatory attempts were then sometimes directed toward the source. In the presence of pheromone, three-dimensional female models were much more effective than the pheromone source alone in eliciting copulatory attempts. Downwind models showed decreasing abilities to elicit male precopulatory responses with increasing distances from the source. However, increasing the amount of pheromone at the source resulted in an increase in the percentage of responses occurring at the furthest downwind models. The various components of precopulatory behavior observed for P. gossypiella are compared and contrasted with the published records of similar behaviors in other nocturnal moth species.
Effect of Altering Dietary Protein: Energy Ratios on Juvenile Pallid Sturgeon Growth Performance

AbstractPallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus are endemic to the large, freshwater, river systems of North America and have long been prized for caviar production. Declining wild populations and fishing prohibitions have created interest in the culture of these fish. Protein and energy are often the first nutrients examined when attempting to identify diets appropriate for a novel culture species. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of different dietary protein: energy ratios on Pallid Sturgeon growth and body composition. Twelve semipurified diets composed of four crude protein (CP) levels (32, 39, 46, and 53%) and three gross energy (GE) levels (3,600, 4,200, and 4,800 kcal/kg) were fed to 180 juvenile Pallid Sturgeon for 18 weeks. Diets were offered to triplicate groups of five fish each in separate tanks. Fish were fed 2% body weight daily and sampled every 3 weeks. Mean weight gain and body composition were significantly affected by GE content of the dietary treatment (P ≤ 0.05), but no...