cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract T P112: The Effect of Monoaminergic Drugs on Motor Cortex Excitability, Motor Performance and Psychophysics

INTRODUCTION: The benefit of pharmacologic augmentation of stroke recovery remains unclear. As post-stroke motor recovery depends on training-dependent plasticity, we wanted to test the effect of these drugs on the excitability of primary motor cortex (M1), kinematic and psychophysical measures. METHODS: Nine able-bodied individuals (4 males) participated in 4 test sessions at least 1 week apart during which they were administered one oral dose of 4 different medications: placebo (P), amphetamine 10mg (A), methylphenidate 20mg (M), carbidopa/levodopa 25/100mg (D). We used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to measure the effects of the different drugs on M1 excitability. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were elicited using TMS at intensities of 35-80% of maximum stimulator output. The Boltzmann function was calculated for MEP amplitudes and compared across the 4 drug conditions. The effects of the drugs on psychophysics and movement kinematics were captured by a 2d accelerometer mounted on the dorsum of the hand. We measured the reaction time and the peak acceleration and dispersion of directions of auditory paced ballistic wrist extension movements. RESULTS: Comparison of the 4 different equations for the Boltzmann sigmoid curve where R max represents the maximum MEP amplitude; k, the slope of the curve; and S50, the intensity that produced half of the maximum MEP amplitude revealed significant differences between drug conditions. Compared to P, A led to a significant decrease in the maximum MEP amplitude (p= 0.00015), while D increased it (p=0.013). The other two parameters were similar to placebo. M had no effect on any of the three parameters. The different drugs had no statistically significant effect on the kinematic measures or reaction time. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the neuromodulatory effect of drugs on M1 excitability differs, which may point to different mechanisms mediating the beneficial effects of these drugs on functional recovery after stroke. It would also support the notion that the beneficial effect of the drugs on recovery is likely due to improved kinematics or psychophysics of executions during training.
Methods for Postconstruction Evaluation of Horizontal Directional Drilled Utilities

Trenchless Technology has become an increasingly popular underground utility construction method. Beginning in the early 1900s with jacking beneath railroads, trenchless construction became more common throughout the century and into the current day. The utilization of Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) technology is associated with the potential risk for ground subsidence and soil heaving. Sinkholes and settlement can form after construction, damaging existing infrastructure and causing safety hazards. HDD methods require an annular overcut, disturbing soil around the outer diameter of the utility being installed. While the annular overcut is necessary for feeding pipes through the borehole, when used in conjunction with a liquid lubricant, the likelihood for developing voids increases. The annular overcut is also a concern because the consistency and void ratio of the overburden soil change after boring or jacking. Inconsistent and void-ridden soil can cause void propagation through the overlying soil until it reaches the surface, where it will become a sinkhole or crack. This paper addresses post-construction evaluation methods, especially pertaining to the annular space and void propagation region above and around a freshly installed utility installed by the horizontal directional drilling method in Southern Virginia. Two non-destructive evaluation methods are used to scan the surrounding soil: Ground penetrating-radar (GPR) and FutureScan. FutureScan, a radar device developed by Louisiana Tech University, is capable of being attached to pipe inspection robots and uses a means of penetrating radar to detect voids and inconsistencies along the outer utility wall. This study examines the difference between GPR and FutureScan, regarding the imaging techniques used and the measured void ratios. All soil conditions for this study pertain to The Virginia Piedmont region. Relative elevations were recorded before, during, and after drilling, to measure surface movement caused by drilling efforts. The relative elevation was also recorded several months after utility installation, so it could be compared a long-term scale. Long-term results indicate whether or not the imaging techniques imply subsidence or heaving in the long-term. After analysis was conducted using GPR and FutureScan, representative soil samples of the test site were retrieved and transported to a geotechnical laboratory for further testing. Based on the GPR and FutureScan findings, the utility of the two post-construction evaluation methods was determined. The results were compared to the relative elevations recorded in the field. Void ratio field data and equipment reliability are limited to Virginia’s piedmont region. 1421 Pipelines 2014: From Underground to the Forefront of Innovation and Sustainability © ASCE 2014
The Link between Functional Limitations and Depressive Symptoms The Explanatory Role of Self-conceptions

Having more physical limitations predicts greater depressive symptoms. However, relatively few studies examine self-conceptions as potential explanations for this association. Using ordinary least squares regression on panel data collected in Miami-Dade County, Florida (2001 and 2004, N = 1,362), we examine the effect of functional limitations on five dimensions of the self: self-esteem, mastery, mattering, introspection, and emotional reliance. We find that having more, and increasing, functional limitations diminishes self-esteem and mastery and increases introspection and emotional reliance. These dimensions of the self collectively account for approximately one third of the effect of limitations on depressive symptoms, with self-esteem and mastery having the largest mediating effects. This study builds on prior findings by using panel data to address not only the influence of functional impairment on multiple dimensions of the self-concept but also the role of each in explaining disability’s effect on...
Temperature Dependence of the Ballistic Energy Transport in Perfluoroalkanes

Temperature dependence of intramolecular energy transport in perfluoroalkane oligomers with a chain length of 3-11 carbon atoms terminated by a carboxylic acid moiety on one end and a -CF2H group on another end was studied in solution experimentally and theoretically. Experiments were performed using a dual-frequency relaxation-assisted two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy method. The energy transport was initiated by exciting the C═O stretching mode of the acid and recorded by measuring a cross-peak amplitude between the C═O stretching and the C-H bending modes as a function of the waiting time between the excitation and probing. An efficient transport regime with a mean free path of 16.4 ± 2 A is observed at 35 °C. The energy transport speed decreases at elevated temperatures, indicating a switch from the ballistic transport regime to diffusive. The modeling of the energy transport involving both ballistic and diffusive mechanisms is performed. It explains the temperature dependence of the energy transport speed and confirms a switch of the transport regime from ballistic at lower temperatures to diffusive at higher temperatures.
Shrimp Waste as a Pigment Source in Broiler Diets

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to study the pigmenting value of shrimp waste (meal) in diets fed broiler chicks. A 4% level of shrimp meal in conventional corn-soy broiler diets produced skin pigmentation which was considered to be unacceptably high. When wheat replaced yellow corn in the diets, levels of 2%, 4% or 6% of shrimp meal did not produce pigmentation approaching that obtained with the conventional diets. Skin pigmentation was found to be a better measure of the effect of shrimp meal carotenoids than foot pad pigmentation. Shrimp meal carotenoids were found to be valuable as a complementary source of pigment in conventional broiler diets in which ground wheat replaced a part of the yellow corn meal.
Feasibility and safety of lumbosacral epiduroscopy in the standing horse.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The large size of the adult horse prevents the use of advanced imaging modalities in most areas of the axial skeleton, including the lumbosacral vertebral column. Traditional imaging techniques are frequently unable to pinpoint the underlying pathology in horses with caudal back pain. In man, lumbosacral epiduroscopy is used to diagnose and treat subjects with chronic back and leg pain. This technique may close the diagnostic gap in horses with similar clinical signs. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety and feasibility of lumbosacral epiduroscopy in the standing adult horse. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive, experimental study. METHODS Seven adult horses weighing 504-578 kg were sedated and restrained in stocks in preparation for aseptic surgery. Vascular dilators of increasing size were inserted cranial to the first moveable vertebra caudal to the sacrum to facilitate a minimally invasive approach into the epidural space. A flexible video-endoscope was introduced and advanced as far as its 60-cm working length permitted. Pre-, intra- and post-operative plasma cortisol samples were collected, and neurological and lameness examinations were performed prior to and during the 2 weeks following the procedure. Post-mortem examinations were conducted in 5 of the 7 horses. RESULTS Standing lumbosacral epiduroscopy was well tolerated by all horses. The anatomic structures in the epidural space (dura mater, spinal nerve roots, fat and blood vessels) were followed as far cranial as the thoracolumbar region. No complications related to the procedure were noted in the 2-week monitoring period following epiduroscopy. Small, organised haematomas were identified in the sacral epidural space during necropsy in one horse. No abnormalities were seen in the other 4 animals. CONCLUSIONS Lumbosacral epiduroscopy can be performed safely in sedated standing horses. The procedure may become a valuable diagnostic tool in horses with caudal back or hindlimb pain of unknown origin.
The Clinical Analysis on 80 patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Associated with Diabetes

Objective To study the relationships of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes in order to provide effective measures for its prevention,control and treatment.Methods The data of 80 patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes were analyzed,focusing on the interaction of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes.Results The severity of pulmonary tuberculosis closely related with the control of blood glucose.The higher of blood glucose,the higher detection rate of smear-positive and the higher cavitation rate.The treatment effect of pulmonary tuberculosis was closely related to the control of blood glucose.Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes was characterized by wide extent of disease,high rates of smear-positive and cavity and bad prognosis.The control of blood glucose was the key to its care.Actively contolling blood glucose and reasonably using antituberculosis drugs can improve recovery rate Pulmonary tuberculosis.
NSAID-induced pyloric stenosis leading to oesophageal intramucosal dissection

We describe a rare case of a 75-year-old woman with significant non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use who presented with haematemesis. Upper endoscopy revealed a large (9 cm) intramucosal dissection of the oesophagus without extension into the gastro-oesophageal junction and a severely narrowed pylorus. We postulate that she developed pyloric stenosis due to peptic ulcer disease from chronic NSAID use. This then led to gastro-oesophageal reflux. Undigested pills in the refluxate had contacted oesophageal mucosa, leading to pill-induced oesophageal injury. This, along with vomiting, is postulated to have led to the oesophageal intramucosal dissection. She improved with conservative medical management with a clear liquid diet and proton pump inhibitors, and a follow-up upper endoscopy 1 week later showed recovery of the previously seen intramucosal dissection.
Evaluation of smokers with and without asthma in terms of smoking cessation outcome, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and craving: Findings from a self-guided quit attempt

Abstract Introduction The aim of the current study was to evaluate smoking cessation outcome, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, and craving between smokers with (n = 47; 46.8% male, Mage = 40.0 years, SD = 11.7) and without (n = 45; 51.1% male, Mage = 37.5 years, SD = 11.1) asthma during a self-guided quit attempt. Methods After completing a baseline assessment visit, participants attended study sessions on their scheduled quit day as well as follow-up visits (3 days, 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days) after their quit day. Results Smokers with and without asthma did not differ in abstinence rates, smoking lapse, and rate of change in urge to smoke to reduce negative affect. However, smokers with asthma demonstrated a slower rate of decline in nicotine withdrawal symptoms and craving over time. Conclusions These findings suggest that smokers with asthma may benefit from specialized smoking cessation treatments to address prolonged withdrawal symptoms and craving.
Optimal Treated Blood Pressure for Patients With Isolated Systolic Hypertension

See related article, pp 220–227 As our aging population grows, more and more patients with hypertension have isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). In the United States, 60% of older patients with hypertension have this form of hypertension.1 This disorder has generally been defined by a systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mm Hg and a diastolic blood pressure (BP) <90 mm Hg.2 The understanding of the rise in BP with age has changed dramatically over the last few decades. In the early years of hypertension treatment, there was no evidence to direct decision-making regarding treatment of those with ISH. Because SBP rose with age in essentially every industrialized country around the world, the assumption was made that this elevation was a natural part of the aging process. It was commonly accepted that the rise in BP with age was necessary to achieve appropriate organ perfusion as arteries stiffened. A common management plan was to accept an SBP of 100 mm Hg+the age of the patient. Thus, an acceptable SBP in an 80-year-old patient was considered to be 180 mm Hg. As our understanding of the distinction between normal aging and the impact of atherosclerosis on blood vessels became clearer, researchers and clinicians began questioning the approach of accepting high levels of SBP in the elderly. This questioning led to a series of clinical trials primarily addressing the question of whether reducing SBP in patients with ISH was safe or effective. From 1991 to 2008, 5 …
The prevalence of frailty in heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background There is a growing interest in the intersection of heart failure (HF) and frailty; however, estimates of the prevalence of frailty in HF vary widely. The purpose of this paper was to quantitatively synthesize published literature on the prevalence of frailty in HF and to examine the relationship between study characteristics (i.e. age and functional class) and the prevalence of frailty in HF.
An efficient technique for the analysis of microstrip circuits and antennas

The objective of this paper is to present a numerical technique for the analysis of printed circuits and antennas using the grounded dielectric slab Green's functions. For the dynamic case, the Green's functions are quite complicated and require the numerical computation of certain semi-infinite integrals commonly known as the Sommerfeld integrals. In this paper certain approximations have been made resulting in much simpler expressions for the near field Green's functions. Finally, numerical examples are presented in order to validate the technique.
Microbe Hunting Hits Home

Ten years ago, we discovered that microbiota composition controls intestinal T cell homeostasis and alters T cell responses of mice in different animal facilities. Here I discuss how these discoveries, reported in Cell Host & Microbe in 2008, came to be and contributed to our understanding of microbiota immune effects.
Symptom challenges after atrial fibrillation ablation.

Abstract Background It is unclear what symptom challenges occur during the recovery phase after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Objectives This longitudinal pilot study explored the patient perspective of the first six months following an AF ablation. Methods Telephone interviews and questionnaires were used with 20 patients at baseline, at 1, 3, and 6 months after AF ablation. Telephone interview data were analyzed using content analysis. Longitudinal outcomes were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Mean age was 65 ± 7 years and the sample was 55% female. The severity and duration of fatigue was the most concerning symptom. Patient expectations differed from providers’ expectations. Recovery was a much slower process than patients expected. Conclusions Patients struggled to manage symptoms after AF ablation. A more accurate understanding of the symptom challenges following AF ablation could lead to development of more realistic education to improve patient self-management.
Characterization of Combustion and Engine Exhaust Particles

Combustion of carbon based fuels, whether fossil or renewable, represents the predominant source for society’s energy and heating needs. In some cases, for example stoichiometric premixed combustion, this process is rather clean, resulting in only parts per million quantities of emissions other than carbon dioxide and water vapor. In others it leads to a multitude of incomplete combustion byproducts ranging from small molecules to fractal-like soot structures hundreds of nanometers in size. The major combustion products are natural constituents of the atmosphere and this is where they have historically been emitted, with concerns over carbon dioxide’s role in climate change arising relatively recently (IPCC 2007).
Assessment of microsatellite instability (MSI) in cell free DNA (cfDNA) of colorectal cancers (CRC) patients (pts).

672Background: While there is accumulating evidence that tumor specific mutations can be accurately detected in cfDNA, the determination of MSI status in cfDNA has not been investigated, perhaps be...
Functional Status and Survival After Breast Cancer Surgery in Nursing Home Residents.

Importance Breast cancer surgery, the most common cancer operation performed in nursing home residents, is viewed as a low-risk surgical intervention. However, outcomes in patients with high functional dependence and limited life expectancy are poorly understood. Objective To assess the overall survival and functional status changes after breast cancer surgery in female nursing home residents stratified by surgery type. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used Medicare claims from 2003 to 2013 to identify 5969 US nursing home residents who underwent inpatient breast cancer surgery. Using the Minimum Data Set Activities of Daily Living (MDS-ADL) summary score, this study examined preoperative and postoperative function and identified patient characteristics associated with 30-day and 1-year mortality and 1-year functional decline after surgery. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of mortality. Fine-Gray competing risks regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted subhazard ratios (sHRs) of functional decline. Statistical analysis was performed from January 2016 to January 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Functional status and death. Results From 2003 to 2013, a total of 5969 female nursing home residents (mean [SD] age, 82 [7] years; 4960 [83.1%] white) underwent breast cancer surgery: 666 (11.2%) underwent lumpectomy, 1642 (27.5%) underwent mastectomy, and 3661 (61.3%) underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The 30-day mortality rates were 8% after lumpectomy, 4% after mastectomy, and 2% after ALND. The 1-year mortality rates were 41% after lumpectomy, 30% after mastectomy, and 29% after ALND. Among 1-year survivors, the functional decline rate was 56% to 60%. The mean MDS-ADL score increased (signifying greater dependency) by 3 points for lumpectomy, 4 points for mastectomy, and 5 points for ALND. In multivariate analysis, poor baseline MDS-ADL score (range, 20-28) was associated with a higher 1-year mortality risk (lumpectomy: HR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.23-3.00], P = .004; mastectomy: HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.35-2.39], P P P P P P = .02; mastectomy: sHR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.09-1.45], P = .002; and ALND: sHR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.04-1.24], P = .003) were significantly associated with 1-year functional decline across all breast cancer surgery groups. Conclusions and Relevance For female nursing home residents who underwent breast cancer surgery, 30-day mortality and survival as well as 1-year mortality and functional decline were high. The 1-year survivors had significant functional decline. This study’s findings suggest that this information should be incorporated into collaborative surgical decision-making processes.
Signed magic rectangles with two filled cells in each column

A signed magic rectangle $SMR(m,n;r, s)$ is an $m \times n$ array with entries from $X$, where $X=\{0,\pm1,\pm2,\ldots, $ $\pm (ms-1)/2\}$ if $mr$ is odd and $X = \{\pm1,\pm2,\ldots,\pm mr/2\}$ if $mr$ is even, such that precisely $r$ cells in every row and $s$ cells in every column are filled, every integer from set $X$ appears exactly once in the array and the sum of each row and of each column is zero. In this paper we prove that a signed magic rectangle $SMR(m,n;r, 2)$ exists if and only if either $m=2$ and $n=r\equiv 0,3 \pmod 4$ or $m,r\geq 3$ and $mr=2n$.
The Problem of Overgeneralization: The Case of Mental Health Problems and U.S. Violent White Supremacists:

One of the oldest and most controversial issues in the study of terrorism involves the mental health status among actors who commit this type of violence. A consensus has emerged among scholars tha...
Effects of Early Release on Natural Versus Container Loblolly Pines 12 Years After Field Establishment

Genetically improved, container loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings were compared to naturally established loblolly seedlings on a cutoverpine site. Crop pines on 6 of 12plots were releasedfrom woody and herbaceous competition within a 2 ft radius of each stem. On release plots, woody competition was controlled by hand-cutting for 5 consecutive yr and herbaceous competition was controlled with herbicidesfor 4 consecutive yr ufterpine establishment. Competition control increased 12 yr survival by 68 percentage points~for natural pines and by 47percentage points for planted pines. Twelve years afterfield establishment, mean-tree volume ofplantedpines was no different than that of naturally established pines. Nevertheless, volume gains of 150% to 200% were achieved within regeneration techniques as a result of
Detecting and summarizing emergent events in microblogs and social media streams by dynamic centralities

Methods for detecting and summarizing emergent keywords have been extensively studied since social media and microblogging activities have started to play an important role in data analysis and decision making. We present a fast system for monitoring emergent keywords and summarizing a document stream based on the dynamic semantic graphs of streaming documents. We introduce the notion of dynamic eigenvector centrality for ranking emergent keywords, and present an algorithm for summarizing emergent events that is based on the minimum weight set cover. Our system is demonstrated on the streaming Twitter data related to public security.
A Nomogram to Predict Factors Associated with Lymph Node Metastasis in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ with Microinvasion.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with foci of invasion measuring ≤ 1 mm (DCISM), represents < 1% of all invasive breast cancers. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been a standard component of surgery for patients with invasive carcinoma or extensive DCIS. We hypothesize that selective performance of SLNB may be appropriate given the low incidence of sentinel node (SN) metastasis for DCISM. We investigated the clinicopathologic predictors for SN positivity in DCISM, to identify which patients might benefit from SLNB. A retrospective review of the National Cancer Database was performed for cases from 2012 to 2015. Clinical and tumor characteristics, including SN results, were evaluated, and Pearson’s Chi square tests and logistic regression were performed. Of 7803 patients with DCISM, 306 (4%) had at least one positive SN. Patients with positive SNs were younger, more often of Black race, had higher-grade histology and larger tumor size, and were more likely to have lymphovascular invasion (LVI; all p < 0.001). In an adjusted model, the presence of LVI was associated with the highest odds ratio (OR) for node positivity (OR 8.80, 95% confidence interval 4.56–16.96). Among women with DCISM, only 4% had a positive SN. Node positivity was associated with more extensive and higher-grade DCIS, and the presence of LVI was strongly correlated with node positivity. Our data suggest that LVI is the most important factor in determining which patients with DCISM will benefit from SN biopsy.
Low-temperature synthesis of superconducting iron selenide using a triphenylphosphine flux

Many functional materials have relatively low decomposition temperatures (T≤ 400 °C), which makes their synthesis challenging using conventional high-temperature solid-state chemistry. Therefore, non-conventional techniques such as metathesis, hydrothermal, and solution chemistry are often employed to access low-temperature phases; the discovery of new chemistries is needed to expand access to these phases. This contribution discusses the use of triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as a molten flux to synthesize superconducting iron selenide (Fe1+δSe) at low temperature (T = 325 °C). Powder X-ray diffraction and magnetism measurements confirm the successful formation of superconducting iron selenide while nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and in situ X-ray diffraction show that the formation of superconducting FeSe at low temperatures is enabled by an adduct between the triphenylphosphine and selenium. Exploration of the Fe-Se-PPh3 phase space indicates that the PPh3-Se adduct effectively reduces the chemical potential of the selenium at high concentrations of triphenylphosphine. This contribution demonstrates that the use of a poorly-solvating yet reactive flux has the potential to enable the synthesis of new low-temperature phases of solid materials.
A comparison of lumped parameter models of modified hybrid electromechanical valve actuator

This study introduces two lumped parameter models (LPM) to mathematically describe the static and transient response of modified hybrid valve actuator (MHVA). The actuator design is capable of large magnetic force generation with low energy consumption (at the start and during valve holding), permanent magnet demagnetization isolation and improved transient response. The lumped parameter models (LPM) developed using mathematical equations to approximate Finite Element Method (FEM) and experimental results of MHVA. The LPMs are categorized into linear and nonlinear models. Each model incorporates three subsystems including electrical, magnetic and mechanical which are developed and integrated in MATLAB software. Each LPM is separately compared with FEM and empirical results confirming improved dynamic performance and energy consumption. The LPMs presented in this study can be readily used for the controller design.
Mortality and morbidity in outborn extremely low birth weight neonates: a retrospective analysis

Objective We aimed to identify differences in morbidity and mortality between inborn versus outborn extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants admitted to the Texas Children's Hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study design Vermont Oxford Network data were analyzed between January 2014 and December 2017. Inborn versus outborn outcomes were compared. Result Of 533 ELBW infants, 402 were inborn, and 131 were outborn. Gestational age and birth weight (BW) were similar. After adjusting outcomes to control for maternal steroids, maternal hypertension, maternal prenatal care, and temperature below 36 °C at admission, no outcomes were significantly different except inborn patients had decreased odds of late onset sepsis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.606, 95% confidence interval: 0.377-0.973, p = 0.038). Conclusion In this study, outborn ELBW patients had increased odds of late onset sepsis compared with inborn ELBW patients after controlling for covariates that differed significantly between these two cohorts.
A review of ground waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material: A focus on alkali-silica reaction

Abstract The use of glass as an amendment to portland cement concrete serves as a potential alternative to traditionally used supplementary cementitious materials. The use of ground glass provides a potential remedy to issues currently faced by the portland cement industry due to dwindling fly ash production as a result of recent changes in fuel sources for power generation within the United States of America. This manuscript serves to provide the current state of the practice with respect to the use of glass as an alternative supplementary cementitious material. The advantages and limitations of using glass as a cement replacement in the production of concrete are evaluated, particularly with respect to physical and chemical performance. This document summarizes the known performance characteristics of glass amended concretes and mortars, and identifies areas of research that are currently deficient. The general consensus found in the literature concludes that concrete with waste glass as a pozzolan is comparable to control with respect to workability, air content, density, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The compressive strength is reported to be lower than control at early ages, while comparable or higher than control at later ages. Furthermore, it has been reported that the modulus of elasticity is reduced. All of the reviewed literature reported a decrease in expansion caused by alkali-silica reaction when waste glass was used as a pozzolan, with some reporting expansion being reduced below evaluation limits; however, the majority of the evaluations performed used testing methods inappropriate for the inclusion of glass such as American Society for Testing and Materials C1567, which limits the alkali content of supplementary cementitious materials to a maximum of 4.0%.
Analysis of Casualties That Underwent Airway Management Before Reaching Role 2 Facilities in the Afghanistan Conflict 2008-2014.

Introduction Airway compromise is the second leading cause of potentially survivable death on the battlefield. The purpose of this study was to better understand wartime prehospital airway patients. Materials and methods The Role 2 Database (R2D) was retrospectively reviewed for adult patients injured in Afghanistan between February 2008 and September 2014. Of primary interest were prehospital airway interventions and mortality. Prehospital combat mortality index (CMI-PH), hemodynamic interventions, injury mechanism, and demographic data were also included in various statistical analyses. Results A total of 12,780 trauma patients were recorded in the R2D of whom 890 (7.0%) received prehospital airway intervention. Airway intervention was more common in patients who ultimately died (25.3% vs. 5.6%); however, no statistical association was found in a multivariable logistic regression model (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.98-1.68). Compared with U.S. military personnel, other military patients were more likely to receive airway intervention after adjusting for CMI-PH (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07-1.64). Conclusions In the R2D, airway intervention was associated with increased odds of mortality, although this was not statistically significant. Other patients had higher odds of undergoing an airway intervention than U.S. military. Awareness of these findings will facilitate training and equipment for future management of prehospital/prolonged field care airway interventions.
Dual-Polarized Planar-Printed Ultrawideband Antenna Array on a Triangular Grid

This article presents a dual-polarized planar-printed ultrawideband antenna array on an optimally sampled triangular (hexagonal) lattice. The design is based on the dual-polarized planar ultrawideband modular antenna (PUMA). In this article, the dual-polarized square lattice PUMA array is adapted to an equilateral triangular lattice for grating-lobe-free scanning at a 15.5% reduced element count. A prototype triangular lattice PUMA array is built and compared with a square lattice PUMA aperture of similar size. As configured, the triangular lattice array demonstrates an 8% larger aperture area with 7% fewer elements than the square lattice array. Modeling predictions are validated with measured results for embedded element performance. The triangular lattice PUMA is shown to compare favorably to the square lattice PUMA with modest performance compromises.
Depletion of microRNA-451 in response to allergen exposure accentuates asthmatic inflammation by regulating Sirtuin2

The incidence of asthma has increased from 5.5% to near 8% of the population, which is a major health concern. The hallmarks of asthma include eosinophilic airway inflammation that is associated with chronic airway remodeling. Allergic airway inflammation is characterized by a complex interplay of resident and inflammatory cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression. However, the role of miRNAs, specifically miR-451, in the regulation of allergic airway inflammation is unexplored. Our previous findings showed that oxidant stress regulates miR-451 gene expression in macrophages during an inflammatory process. In this paper, we examined the role of miR-451 in regulating macrophage phenotype using an experimental poly-allergenic murine model of allergic airway inflammation. We found that miR-451 contributes to the allergic induction of CCL17 in the lung and plays a key role in proasthmatic macrophage activation. Remarkably, administration of a Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2) inhibitor diminished alternate macrophage activation and markedly abrogated triple-allergen [dust mite, ragweed, Aspergillus fumigatus (DRA)]-induced lung inflammation. These data demonstrate a role for miR-451 in modulating allergic inflammation by influencing allergen-mediated macrophages phenotype.
Consumers’ willingness to pay for upcycled foods

Abstract Research on food waste reduction suggests that solutions aimed at reducing waste early in the consumption cycle are the most impactful. Based on this premise, food research labs and food manufacturers have started creating and selling foods made from food ingredients that are generally discarded. Such foods, termed upcycled foods, are safe for human consumption and provide a promising solution to reduce food waste. However, the commercial success of this new category of foods will depend on consumers’ acceptance. This research examines a key indicator of acceptance – consumers’ willingness to pay. We find that although consumers are willing to pay less for upcycled foods compared to conventional alternatives, messaging increases consumers’ willingness to pay. Specifically, we find that rational messaging is more effective than emotional messaging. Overall, our findings suggest that upcycled foods may command good acceptance among consumers.
Identification of the Optimum Catalyst and Operating Conditions for Oxidative Coupling of Methane: Activity and Selectivity of Alkaline Earth-Doped Lanthanides

While numerous studies have been carried out using rare earth oxides as catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane, there is substantial disagreement as to which catalyst is the best. More imp...
Creating the Images

This chapter is about what happens once all the preliminaries (ordering, scheduling, protocoling, checking in, safety checking, and waiting) have been completed. The key concepts of productivity, capacity, and utilization are discussed with respect to equipment and the people who use it. These metrics are essential to understand the necessary capacity to support a clinical practice, and they vary greatly between walk-in services, scheduled outpatient services, and inpatient services. The need for “excess” capacity to accommodate surges in demand and to assure timely response for urgent cases is also discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some of the challenges to staying on time.
Cost of Increasing Years-of-Life-Gained (YLG) Using Fecal Immunochemical Testing as a Population-Level Screening Model in a Rural Appalachian Population.

PURPOSE Given the innovation of fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) to detect polyps in the rectum and colon for removal by colonoscopy, it is important to determine the cost per Life-Year Gained (LYG) when using FIT as a population-level screening model. This is particularly true for medically underserved rural populations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to make this determination among rural Appalachians experiencing isolation and economic challenges. METHODS The study occurred in an 8-county area of southeastern Kentucky. Kits were distributed to 1,424 residents. Seven hundred thirty-two kits (51.4%) were completed and returned. A Markov decision-analytic model was developed using PrecisionTree 7.6. FINDINGS Reactive test results occurred for 144 of the completed kits (19.7%). Thirty-seven colonoscopies were verified, with 15 of these indicating precancerous changes or actual cancer. Program costs were estimated at $461,952, with the average cost per person screened estimated at $324. Cost per LYG was $7,912. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to an average cost per LYG of $17,200, our findings suggest a highly favorable cost-effectiveness ratio for this population of medically underserved rural residents. Cost-benefit analyses suggest that the screening program begins to yield positive net benefits at the stage when project recipients undergo colonoscopy, suggesting that this is the key step for behavioral intervention and intensified outreach.
Functional Muscle Transfer for the Mangled Limb

In situations of severe upper extremity tissue loss as a result of the mangled extremity, conventional reconstructive methods may fail to achieve desirable function, and muscle transfer may be necessary to achieve functional results. While normal function is not achievable, impressive results can be obtained when little function was previously available. While numerous muscle transfers are viable, the gracilis free functioning muscle transfer has emerged as the most frequently utilized muscle for transfer. Through a complex of staged surgical interventions and time-consuming therapy and re-training, optimal functional results may be obtained.
Targeting Causes of Burnout in Residency: An Innovative Approach Used at Hennepin Healthcare.

Problem Rates of burnout are high in physicians in the United States. While others have reported on the success of burnout-reduction strategies on practicing physicians and residents, few strategies have approached the problem longitudinally in residents. Approach From 2014 to 2019, the authors used a previously developed survey to assess factors related to resident burnout, including sleep, personal time, professional fulfillment, effects on relationships, program recognition, and peer support. At Hennepin Healthcare, a safety-net hospital in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the authors created a reproducible process for collecting data from internal medicine residents annually, and for using evidence-based conceptual frameworks to develop a continuous improvement method to address worklife across training years. Interventions included jeopardy coverage for essential life events, a newsletter celebrating resident achievements, removal of after-hours consult pager call, an extra day off for senior residents on the wards, and care packages distributed to night teams. Outcomes Annually from 2014 to 2019, 40/66 (60.6%) to 62/73 residents (84.9%) completed the survey (average response rate was 72.1% over 6 years). Survey results were shared with residents in multiple formats, and feedback was requested, demonstrating that burnout reduction is a priority for program leadership. High professional fulfillment scores were documented every year. Self-reported rates of burnout were between 25% and 35%. Significant improvements were seen in perception of empathy, sleep impairment, and peer support. Next steps The authors developed a plan for minimizing burnout, which includes the following evidence-based domains: workload, control, balance in effort and reward, work-life balance, fairness, values, support, gender equity, moral distress, and moral injury. Additional interventions include protected time for didactics, trauma-informed care training, and addressing workplace racism. The authors aspire to achieve an integrated culture of well-being for residents and faculty; foster an efficient, effective, and fair learning environment; and reduce-and ultimately eliminate-burnout.
Genetically Modified Food Is Too Advanced for Its Out-of-Date Regulations

The National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard Act of 2016, requires the establishment of disclosure standards for bioengineered food. The Act preempts state-based labeling laws for genetically modified organisms (GMOs), such as those adopted in Vermont in 2016. Two key issues are currently under consideration in the USDA rulemaking process. The first is whether certain genetic modifications should be treated as though they are found in nature. The second concerns what types of breeding techniques should be classified as conventional breeding. These inquiries strike at the heart of GMO controversies and implicate the use of breakthrough gene editing technologies. How the answers are framed is significant under the law because the Disclosure Standard Act exempts from mandatory disclosure genetic modifications obtained without recombinant DNA techniques that can otherwise be found in nature. This piece provides an analysis of the issues and argues that rules establishing bioengineered food disclosures should be coherent and science-based. It concludes that gene editing that uses no foreign DNA, is more precise than conventional breeding methods, and causes genetic modifications already found in nature should not be subject to onerous disclosure standards.
Information Cascades in the Classroom: The Relationship Between In-Class Feedback and Course Performance

Technology is used in undergraduate courses to engage students and provide feedback about understanding. TopHat is an application which displays multiple choice questions mid-class. In this field experiment, we determine if displaying or hiding the distribution of peer responses has an impact on exam scores. When students see peer responses, we observe information cascades on both correct and incorrect answers. Getting an individual TopHat question correct predicts a 1.3 percentage point increase on final exam scores, however we find no difference in predictive power between treatments. Participating in one negative cascade predicts that a student will score approximately five percentage points lower on the final exam. Showing students peer feedback may be harmful, as they may get the question wrong in the presence of peer feedback when they may have otherwise answered correctly. Participating in a negative cascade predicts a five-percentage point reduction on final exam scores.
The structure of photosystem I from a high-light-tolerant cyanobacteria.

Photosynthetic organisms have adapted to survive a myriad of extreme environments from the earth's deserts to its poles, yet the proteins that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis are highly conserved from the cyanobacteria to modern day crops. To investigate adaptations of the photosynthetic machinery in cyanobacteria to excessive light stress, we isolated a new strain of cyanobacteria, Cyanobacterium aponinum 0216, from the extreme light environment of the Sonoran Desert. Here we report the biochemical characterization and the 2.7 A resolution structure of trimeric photosystem I from this high-light-tolerant cyanobacterium. The structure shows a new conformation of the PsaL C-terminus that supports trimer formation of cyanobacterial photosystem I. The spectroscopic analysis of this photosystem I revealed a decrease in far-red absorption, which is attributed to a decrease in the number of long- wavelength chlorophylls. Using these findings, we constructed two chimeric PSIs in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 demonstrating how unique structural features in photosynthetic complexes can change spectroscopic properties, allowing organisms to thrive under different environmental stresses.
Predictors of attempted suicide among youth living with perinatal HIV infection and perinatal HIV exposed uninfected counterparts.

BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults (AYA). AYA living with perinatally acquired HIV infection (AYALPHIV) are at higher risk of attempted suicide when compared with AYA who were perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (AYAPHEU). To inform interventions, we identified risk and protective factors of attempted suicide among AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU. SETTING Data were obtained from a longitudinal New York City-based study of AYALPHIV and AYAPHEU (n = 339; enrollment age 9-16 years) interviewed approximately every 12-18 months. METHOD Our main outcome was suicide attempt at any follow-up. The DISC was used to assess psychiatric disorder diagnoses and attempted suicide and the Child Depression Inventory to assess depressive symptoms. Psychosocial and sociodemographic risk factors were also measured. Analyses used backward stepwise logistic regression modeling. RESULTS At enrollment, 51% was female individuals, 49% Black, 40% Latinx, and 11% both Black and Latinx. Attempted suicide prevalence was significantly higher among AYALPHIV compared with AYAPHEU (27% vs 16%, P = 0.019), with AYALPHIV having 2.21 times the odds of making an attempt [95% confidence interval: (1.18 to 4.12), P = 0.013]. Higher Child Depression Inventory scores were associated with an increased risk of attempted suicide in both groups and the total sample. The presence of DISC-defined behavior disorder increased the risk of attempted suicide in the total sample and the AYALPHIV subgroup. Religiosity was protective of attempted suicide in AYALPHIV. CONCLUSIONS AYALPHIV had increased suicide attempts compared with AYAPHEU. Religiosity was protective in AYALPHIV. Highlighting a need for prevention of early mental health challenges was associated with risk.
The Coordination Chemistry and Stoichiometry of Extracted Diglycolamide Complexes of Lanthanides in Extraction Chromatography Materials

Industrial rare earth element (REE) separations predominantly utilize solvent extraction processes tailored toward conventional resources such as bastnasite, monazite, and ion adsorption clays. Adv...