cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does employee ownership increase innovation

One way that firms attempt to innovate is through investment in R&D activity. However, there is much heterogeneity in innovations among firms making comparable R&D investments. This article explores employee ownershipʼs moderating effect on the relationship between R&D intensity and innovative output. The basis for the moderation is that ownership increases motivation and commitment to the innovation agenda of the company, and retains employeesʼ entrepreneurial efforts for internal opportunities. Using hierarchical regression, the data support the hypothesis that employee stock ownership positively moderates the relationship between R&D intensity and innovative output. Implications for future research and practice are addressed.
Introducing Assistive Technology and Universal Design Theory, Applications in Design Education

The aim of this study was to better understand student assumptions related to the challenges of developing a universally designed device compared to designing a dedicated assistive device. Two projects were conducted in a sophomore industrial design studio class. Data was collected from students via surveys. Results of the projects and suggestions for conducting similar projects are presented.
The interrelation between Bäcklund transformations and the inverse scattering transform

Substantial progress has been made in our understanding of nonlinear dispersive wave phenomena as a result of the discovery of the inverse scattering transform method for solving nonlinear evolution equations exactly. The method, first developed by Gardner, Greene, Kruskal, and Miura (GGKM) Ill, associates with each nonlinear evolution equation an eigenvalue (scattering) problem in which the unknown variable in the evolution equation plays the role of a potential. Much work (Ablowitz, Kaup, Newell, and Segur (AKNS) [2]) has gone into identifying and classifying the broad range of evolution equations which can be associated with a given elgenvalue problem. On the other hand, the "inverse" question as to how one chooses the appropriate eigenvalue problem for a given evolution equation is another matter and not yet resolved. One would llke to have a systematic procedure by which one can build the appropriate elgenvalue problem from the equation of interest provided, of course, the equation is integrable (viewed as an infinite dimensional mechanical system). The most promising efforts in answering this question seem to be closely connected with a class of nonlinear transformations between solutions of the given equation or between solutions of the given equation and a closely related one. These transformations are called Backlund transformations after a specific transformation relating solutions of the slne-Gordon equation. Indeed, it was Just auch a transformation which led GGKM to the Schrodinger equation. M/ura [3] found that the transformation
FAMILY LAW—CHILDHOOD MORBID OBESITY: HOW EXCESS POUNDS CAN TIP THE SCALES OF JUSTICE IN FAVOR OF REMOVING A CHILD FROM THE HOME AND/OR TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Due to the growing epidemic of obesity in the United States, courts have begun addressing the issue of whether childhood morbid obesity is a life threatening condition, the existence of which violates states’ child abuse and neglect statutes, and warrants state involvement in the form of removal of the child from the home or termination of parental rights. Four states have thus far been presented with this question: Iowa, New Mexico, New York, and Pennsylvania. These courts, in deciding whether or not to remove a morbidly obese child from the home, have considered the weight and overall health and well-being of the child’s parents as a relevant factor in determining whether or not the parents can provide adequate care for their child’s specialized needs. The author focuses her analysis on the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and argues that Massachusetts’s courts should deem parents’ health and well-being a relevant factor in determining whether parents are able to provide adequate care for their morbidly obese children. The prior four courts’ inclusion of parents’ health and wellbeing, including their own morbid obesity, is wholly relevant to the best interests of the child and is the appropriate standard for Massachusetts’s courts to follow. This Note analogizes Massachusetts’s consideration of parental fitness as a factor in a case involving an incarcerated parent with the issue of considering parents’ health and well-being as a factor in cases involving childhood morbid obesity. It also compares the best interests of the child standard used in adoption cases with the instant issue.
Determination of B-vitamins in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 3280: Multivitamin/Multielement Tablets by stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry

More accurate assessments of the total dietary intake of vitamins from both foods and dietary supplements are needed. Thus, we have investigated liquid chromatographic (LC) isotope dilution mass sp...
Reductive amination with [11C]formaldehyde

1521 Objectives Radiomethylation has been the primary reaction used to radiolabel alkylated amines. Since most amine radiotracers possess functional groups that are either base-sensitive or can9t be readily methylated, C-11 radiolabeling of those functionalized amines must undergo very strict, often air- and moisture-free conditions. Often times, a trace amount of water present either in the solvents or reagents reduce radiochemical yields significantly or even abolish the reactions. Here we report a versatile approach to a series of C-11 radiolabeled amines prepared through reductive amination using [11C]formaldehyde. Methods The [11C]CH3I was first converted to [11C]formaldehyde in the presence of TMAO and directly used for subsequent reductive amination without further. To test the versatility of the reaction for C-11 radiolabeling of amines, we used 1. a series of amine precursors bearing different functional groups such as hydroxyl or carboxyl are reactive toward [11C]CH3I or [11C]CH3OTf under conventional radiolabeling conditions and ought to be protected first; 2. both organic and aqueous solutions as reaction solvents and 3. different temperature. Results Through reductive amination with [11C]formaldehyde, the aniline derivatives bearing hydroxyl and carboxyl group were directly radiomethylated in good radiochemical yield. The reductive amination can be carried out in both organic and in aqueous solution. In addition, base-sensitive functional groups present in the molecule do not interfere with the reaction, which eliminates protection /deprotection steps. The reductive amination was fast and could be completed within 5 min at low temperature. After purification, the RCP of >95% can be achieved. Conclusions As demonstrated with different substrates bearing functional groups that are sensitive to [11C]CH3I or [11C]CH3OTf, this method radiolabels only the amino group, which can be carried out in aqueous solvents in a short time
Efficiency of Pumping from Small Circular Sumps

Efficiency and minimum safe submergence of a 4-in. vertical turbine tail-water recovery pump in a circular pump are affected by side clearance and inflow velocity, but not by bottom clearance. Highest pump efficiency was attained in laboratory tests with a bottom clearance of either 0.5 D, D, or 2 D; a side clearance of 2 D or greater; and an inflow velocity of 1 fps. Minimum safe submergence of approximately 9 D is required to avoid vortex formation; however, lowest values of minimum safe submergence were observed at small side clearances. Reductions in normal pump efficiency as a result of reduced side clearance or increase inflow velocity were most pronounced at the low rate at which peak efficiency is normally attained. Such reductions averaged approximately 2%, with a maximum loss in efficiency of 4.6%.
You Can't Have It All: The Experience of Academic Hospitalists During Pregnancy, Parental Leave, and Return to Work

Background The United States lags behind most other countries regarding the support for working mothers and parental leave. Data are limited to describe the experience of female hospital medicine physicians during pregnancy, parental leave, and their return to work in academic hospital medicine. Methods We conducted a qualitative descriptive study including interviews with 10 female academic hospitalists chosen from institutions across the country that are represented in Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM) Committees. Interview guides were based on the following domains: experience in pregnancy, parental leave, and return to work. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a general inductive approach to theme analysis using the ATLAS.ti software (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany). Primary outcome Women in hospital medicine experience the following six common challenges in their experience as new parents, each of which has the potential to impact their career trajectory, wellness, and are associated with areas for institutional improvement: (1) access to paid parental leave, (2) physical challenges, (3) breastfeeding, (4) career opportunities, (5) colleague responses, and (6) empathy in patient care.
Investigation of plasmonic enhancement of molecular fluorescence using collapsible nanofingers (Conference Presentation)

We present a technology to fabricate large-area gapped plasmonic structures deterministically with atomic precision, high throughput and high reliability at low cost. The technology is based on collapsible nano-fingers fabricated using nanoimprint lithography and ALD. A pair of metallic nanoparticles is placed on top of two nano-fingers in flexible polymer with high aspect ratio. ALD is then used to coat a thin conformal dielectric layer. By collapsing the pair of nano-fingers, two metallic nanoparticles with dielectric coating contact each other. Therefore, the gap size between two metallic nanoparticles is well defined by twice the thickness of the ALD-coated dielectric layers. As metallic nanoparticles are known to dramatically modify the spontaneous emission of nearby fluorescent molecules and materials, here we examine the role of the gap plasmon resonance on the molecular fluorescence enhancement. Considering quenching effect, the distance between fluorescent molecules and gold nanoparticles should not be too small in order to obtain strongest enhancement. In that sense, to fully exploit plasmonic enhancement on the fluorescent molecules, an appropriate gap size should be kept between the molecule and each metallic nanoparticle, which separates molecules away from the metal to avoid quenching effect. The ALD-defined gap plasmonic nano-finger structure facilitate direct and precise control on the gap size between the molecule and metallic nanoparticle by simply changing ALD film thickness that has atomic precision. This makes collapsible nano-fingers the ideal structure for the optimization of molecular fluorescence enhancement. With the optimally engineered collapsible nano-fingers plasmonic structure, field enhancement and fluorescence quenching at hot spots can be studied in detail, which paves the way for optimal design on strongest plasmonic enhancement of molecular fluorescence.
Tools for Fan‐Out Wafer‐Level Package Processing

This chapter discusses three critical processes for fan‐out wafer‐level packaging (FO‐WLP) technology. They are die placement, large format encapsulation, and handling of finished packages after singulation. Enabled by thin film‐based interconnects, various FO‐WLP packaging technologies such as embedded wafer‐level ball grid array, integrated fan‐out, and fan‐out chip on substrate have emerged and evolved to potentially replace many current packaging technologies from low and high density 2D packages. Large format encapsulation refers to compression molding onto a substrate that can be either 200 or 300 mm in diameter or rectangular shaped. The compression molding equipment that is currently available in the market is able to handle both of these substrate formats. The chapter outlines the advantages of using compression molding for FO‐WLP. Final packing is an important process that requires good quality output before conducting SMT placement onto a printed circuit board.
Cryo‐EM map interpretation and protein model‐building using iterative map segmentation

A procedure for building protein chains into maps produced by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) is described. The procedure is similar to the way an experienced structural biologist might analyze a map, focusing first on secondary structure elements such as helices and sheets, then varying the contour level to identify connections between these elements. Since the high density in a map typically follows the main-chain of the protein, the main-chain connection between secondary structure elements can often be identified as the unbranched path between them with the highest minimum value along the path. This chain-tracing procedure is then combined with finding side-chain positions based on the presence of density extending away from the main path of the chain, allowing generation of a Cα model. The Cα model is converted to an all-atom model and is refined against the map. We show that this procedure is as effective as other existing methods for interpretation of cryo-EM maps and that it is considerably faster and produces models with fewer chain breaks than our previous methods that were based on approaches developed for crystallographic maps.
Numerical simulations of yield-based sooting tendencies of aromatic fuels using ReaxFF molecular dynamics

Abstract We present the first ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to quantitatively predict the sooting tendencies of various fuels. The specific sooting tendency metric used in this work is the Yield Sooting Index (YSI), which quantifies the effects of fuel molecular structure on soot yield. YSI has been experimentally measured and numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics for a large range of fuels, but there is no existing reactive MD framework for YSI simulations. To adopt the experimental YSI concept, a multi-stage simulation procedure is designed using ReaxFF. As a proof-of-concept, toluene and phenol are selected as test fuels, since both have relatively well-understood reaction pathways. The ReaxFF YSI simulations are shown to capture key reaction events for both fuels selected that are consistent with existing chemical kinetic understanding. Toluene is shown to mostly retain its original aromatic ring structure and directly grow to larger aromatic compounds with multiple rings. On the other hand, the aromatic growth process from phenol is accompanied by carbon-loss reactions with CO release. In addition, a quantitative YSI formulation is also derived in ReaxFF and the ReaxFF-predicted YSI values are compared with measurement data and reasonably good agreement is achieved. The results reported in this work demonstrates that the ReaxFF-based framework can potentially be used to quantitatively predict the relative sooting tendencies, especially for fuels with unknown or poorly-known chemistry, to understand their sooting properties and in search for soot relevant reaction pathways from these fuels.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy and Military Personnel with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review:

This systematic review determines the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) therapy for veterans and active service members with combat related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and identifies commo...
Reversing the course: a new sequence for teaching Microsoft office

This paper describes a new approach taken by the CIS department at Southwest Baptist University with respect to the teaching of Microsoft Office in a general education computer literacy course. The approach involves a reordering of the traditional sequence of Word, Powerpoint, Excel and Access in an attempt to address a decline in student participation and motivation.
Abstract WP288: A Portable and Rapid Stroke Imaging and Classification Device

Introduction: In stroke management, time to treatment is directly proportional to morbidity and mortality. The time lapse between arriving at a hospital and receiving treatment can easily exceed on...
Occupational Therapy Meets Design: An Augmented Reality Tool for Assistive Home Modifications

Occupational therapists (OTs) support people with physical impairments and disabilities (PwIDs) to maintain their functional independence by suggesting home modifications that incorporate assistive technologies (ATs). Augmented reality (AR) systems can support home-modification processes by superimposing 3D items (e.g., ATs) onto real environments (e.g., in homes). In this paper, we report on evaluating a tablet-based AR application for use by OTs to facilitate envisioning the most appropriate scenarios for AT purchase, installation, and use in PwIDs homes. We conducted in situ user studies with ten OTs to evaluate the AR tool and identified the following advantages of using AR in home-modification processes: (1) providing visual clues (AT fit, size, function, and appearance) in the home, (2) supporting collaborative home-modification decision-making processes, (3) facilitating a holistic home-modification approach, and (4) involving stakeholders throughout the home-modification processes. Also, we discuss the lessons learned regarding the usability, usefulness, and future iterations of the AR home-modification tool.
Mechanistic Studies of Styrene Production from Benzene and Ethylene Using [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OAc)]2 as Catalyst Precursor: Identification of a Bis-RhI Mono-CuII Complex As the Catalyst

We report a combined experimental and computational study focused on the mechanism of oxidative conversion of benzene and ethylene to styrene using [(η2-C2H4)2Rh(μ-OAc)]2 as the catalyst precursor ...
Avoidance, control, and repair of fatigue damage.

A summary is presented of various methods available to the engineer for dealing with fatigue problems. Design, metallurgical, and service factors are considered. An attempt is made to provide a rational basis for each approach, resorting in each case to an understanding of the fundamental mechanism of the fatigue process.
What and where: a bayesian inference theory of visual attention

In the theoretical framework described in this thesis, attention is part of the inference process that solves the visual recognition problem of what is where. The theory proposes a computational role for attention and leads to a model that predicts some of its main properties at the level of psychophysics and physiology. In our approach, the main goal of the visual system is to infer the identity and the position of objects in visual scenes: spatial attention emerges as a strategy to reduce the uncertainty in shape information while feature-based attention reduces the uncertainty in spatial information. Featural and spatial attention represent two distinct modes of a computational process solving the problem of recognizing and localizing objects, especially in difficult recognition tasks such as in cluttered natural scenes. We describe a specific computational model and relate it to the known functional anatomy of attention. We show that several well-known attentional phenomena—including bottom-up pop-out effects, multiplicative modulation of neuronal tuning curves and shift in contrast responses—emerge naturally as predictions of the model. We also show that the bayesian model predicts well human eye fixations (considered as a proxy for shifts of attention) in natural scenes. Finally, we demonstrate that the same model, used to modulate information in an existing feedforward model of the ventral stream, improves its object recognition performance in clutter. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
CD4-Dependent Signaling Is Required for a Late Checkpoint during Th2 Development Associated with Resistance to Activation-Induced Cell Death

Previous studies have found that class II-restricted T cells from CD4-deficient mice reconstituted with a tail-less CD4 transgene have a specific defect in the development of Th2 effector cells; however, the reason for this defect was not clear. Following stimulation with a high potency peptide and exogenous IL-4, CD4-dependent signaling is required for optimal generation of a Th2 effector population. However, initial IL-4 and GATA-3 transcription is appropriately induced, suggesting that the initial stages of Th2 development are intact and independent of CD4 after priming with a strong agonist peptide. In addition to the defect in Th2 development, CD4 mutant T cells are also relatively resistant to activation-induced cell death (AICD). Furthermore, inhibition of AICD in wild-type T cells causes a defect in Th2 development similar to that seen in the CD4 mutant T cells. These data support the hypothesis that CD4-dependent signaling pathways regulate a distinct checkpoint in the expansion and commitment phase of Th2 development, which is related to dysregulation of AICD.
Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance studies of Na cation-stabilized complex formed by d(G-G-T-T-T-T-C-G-G) in solution: Implications for G-tetrad structures

There has been much recent interest in the self-association of short deoxyguanosine-rich motifs within single-stranded DNAs to generate monovalent cation modulated four-stranded helical segments called G-quadruplexes stabilized by hydrogen-bonded G-tetrad alignments. We have addressed structural aspects of this novel alignment and report on multinuclear 1H, 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the d(G2T4CG2) deoxynonanucleotide with Na cation as counterion in aqueous solution at low temperature. This sequence forms stable structures even though it cannot align by Watson-Crick hydrogen bond formation (see the paper on d(G2T5G2) describing optical and calorimetric measurements by Jin, R., Breslauer, K. J., Jones, R. A. & Gaffney, B. L. (1990), Science, 250, 543-546). The four narrow exchangeable protons detected between 11.5 and 12.0 parts per million (p.p.m.), which are common to the d(G2T4CG2) deoxynonanucleotide and the d(G2TCG2) deoxyhexanucleotide sequences, are assigned to deoxyguanosine imino protons hydrogen-bonded to carbonyl acceptor groups. These narrow imino protons are not detected for d(IGN5IG) and d(I2N5G2), where two deoxyguanosine residues are replaced by two deoxyinosine residues in the deoxynonanucleotide sequences. This implies that the 2-amino protons of deoxyguanosine must also participate in hydrogen bond formation and stabilize the structured conformation of d(G2T4CG2) in Na cation-containing solution. We have completely assigned the base and sugar H1', H2',2'', H3', and H4' protons of the d(G2T4CG2) oligomer following analysis of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy data sets in 0.1 M-NaCl, 10 mM-sodium phosphate, 2H2O solution at 0 degree C. The relative magnitude of the nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs) between the base H8 and its own sugar H1' protons of individual deoxyguanosine residues establishes that G1 and G8 adopt syn orientations while G2 and G9 adopt anti orientations about the glycosidic bond in the d(G1-G2-T3-T4-T5-T6-C7-G8-G9) sequence in both Na and K cation-containing aqueous solution. Consequently, any structure proposed for the tetramolecular complex of d(G2T4CG2) must exhibit alternating G(syn) and G(anti) glycosidic torsion angles within each strand. The directionality and magnitude of the observed NOEs are consistent with the G(syn)-G(anti) steps adopting right-handed helical conformations in solution. We also note that the H8 protons of G1 and G8 (7.35 to 7.45 p.p.m.) in a syn alignment are shifted significantly upfield from the H8 protons of G2 and G9 (8.0 to 8.3 p.p.m.) in an anti alignment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
R&D Incentives for GM Seeds: Restricted Monopoly, Non-Market Effects, and Regulation

This chapter reconsiders the implications of the patent-based research and development incentive model for innovations, related to genetic modifications, in the agricultural and food industries (particularly genetically modified seeds); and clarifies that only in the case where the innovation provides what is defined as a universally dominant technology will a patent grant establish an opportunity for the innovator to price the innovation at a monopoly level. This chapter also notes that the condition of universal dominance follows from economic determinants that render the innovation an optimum choice across all producers. Based on this universal dominance, the return of the innovation is appropriable by the innovator and its monopoly pricing provides a basis for financing the research and development.
Error questions in the computation of solution manifolds of parametrized equations

Publisher Summary Equilibrium problems for many physical systems are modelled by parameter-dependent nonlinear equations F(z, λ). Under general conditions, the set of solutions (z, λ)forms a differentiable manifold. This chapter highlights the sources of errors that necessarily arise in such a computational analysis. When M has dimension p > 1, these methods require a restriction to some path on M and then produce a sequence of points along that path. It is not easy to develop a good picture of a multidimensional manifold solely from information along such paths. This led recently to the development of methods for the computation of simplicial approximations of p-dimensional subsets of M. In addition to these methods for computing certain sets of points on M, another important class of numerical procedures concerns the detection and computation of fold points on M with respect to a given coordinate space T such as the natural parameter space Λ.
On dynamically defined complex objects and SQL

The initial relational database model is based on tables that are completely independent one from another: a row can be inserted or deleted in a table without consideration of any other table; joins may be expressed on any columns of compatible syntactic types. In other words, the initial model has very little notion of semantics. In the last decade, many authors have emphasized the need for more semantics ( see /HK87/ fo r a survey). The reasons for doing so vary, but the common underlying justification is that, once the system becomes aware of semantic properties, it can make the user's task easier, increase the level of confidence in the data, and even improve performance.
Coding-based system primitives for airborne cloud computing

The recent proliferation of sensors in inhospitable environments such as disaster or battle zones has not been matched by in situ data processing capabilities due to a lack of computing infrastructure in the field. We envision a solution based on small, low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that can deploy elastically-scalable computing infrastructure anywhere, at any time. This airborne compute cloud—essentially, micro-data centers hosted on UAVs—would communicate with terrestrial assets over a bandwidth-constrained wireless network with variable, unpredictable link qualities. Achieving high performance over this ground-to-air mobile radio channel thus requires making full and efficient use of every single transmission opportunity. To this end, this dissertation presents two system primitives that improve throughput and reduce network overhead by using recent distributed coding methods to exploit natural properties of the airborne environment (i.e., antenna beam diversity and anomaly sparsity). We first built and deployed an UAV wireless networking testbed and used it to characterize the ground-to-UAV wireless channel. Our flight experiments revealed that antenna beam diversity from using multiple SISO radios boosts reception range and aggregate throughput. This observation led us to develop our first primitive: ground-to-UAV bulk data transport. We designed and implemented FlowCode, a reliable link layer for uplink data transport that uses network coding to harness antenna beam diversity gains. Via flight experiments, we show that FlowCode can boost reception range and TCP throughput as much as 4.5-fold. Our second primitive permits low-overhead cloud status monitoring. We designed CloudSense, a network switch that compresses cloud status streams in-network via compressive sensing. CloudSense is particularly useful for anomaly detection tasks requiring global relative comparisons (e.g., MapReduce straggler detection) and can achieve up to 16.3-fold compression as well as early detection of the worst anomalies. Our efforts have also shed light on the close relationship between network coding and compressive sensing. Thus, we offer FlowCode and CloudSense not only as first steps toward the airborne compute cloud, but also as exemplars of two classes of applications—approximation intolerant and tolerant—to which network coding and compressive sensing should be judiciously and selectively applied.
The ROX3 gene encodes an essential nuclear protein involved in CYC7 gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The ROX3 gene was identified during a hunt for mutants with increased expression of the heme-regulated CYC7 gene, which encodes the minor species of cytochrome c in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The rox3 mutants caused a 10-fold increase in CYC7 expression both in the presence and absence of heme, had slightly increased anaerobic expression of the heme-activated CYC1 gene, and caused decreases in the anaerobic expression of the heme-repressed ANB1 gene and the aerobic expression of its heme-induced homolog. The wild-type ROX3 gene was cloned, and the sequence indicated that it encodes a 220-amino-acid protein. This protein is essential; deletion of the coding sequence was lethal. The coding sequence for beta-galactosidase was fused to the 3' end of the ROX3 coding sequence, and the fusion product was found to be localized in the nucleus, strongly suggesting that the wild-type protein carries out a nuclear function. Mutations in the rox3 gene showed an interesting pattern of intragenic complementation. A deletion of the 5' coding region complemented a nonsense mutation at codon 128 but could not prevent the lethality of the null mutation. These results suggest that the amino-terminal domain is required for an essential function, while the carboxy-terminal domain can be supplied in trans to achieve the wild-type expression of CYC7. Finally, RNA blots demonstrated that the ROX3 mRNA was expressed at higher levels anaerobically but was not subject to heme repression. The nuclear localization and the lack of viability of null mutants suggest that the ROX3 protein is a general regulatory factor.
The Rhetorical Resolution of Sophokles’ Aias

Abstract The resolution at the end of Sophokles’ Aias is brought about through a collaborative rhetorical strategy between Odysseus and Agamemnon. They agree to redirect their agon away from the deliberative question of whether to bury Aias toward an interrogation of Odysseus’ philia, so that Agamemnon can eventually grant the burial publicly as a favor to Odysseus. In Aristotelian terms, the debate takes the unusual form of developing the character pistis in isolation from the logical pistis. This mutual avoidance of a demand for theoretical agreement is analogous to democratic practice.
Weakly multi-dimensional cosmic-ray-modified MHD shocks

The multi-dimensional structure of weak, energetic-particle-modified shocks is investigated by means of appropriate perturbation techniques. The time-dependent shock-structure equation is found to be a generalized form of the well-known one-dimensional Burgers equation, whose steady state, in the absence of cosmic rays, is shown to be related to an equation modeling steady transonic flow in several dimensions. The time-dependent (1 + 2)- and (1 + 3)-dimensional Burgers equations are integrated exactly by means of Hirota's technique for one-shock solutions. On the basis of the exact solutions, a discussion relating the various length scales associated with the shock is presented.
Cyclic Pumping for Drainage Purposes

Criteria and formulas are presented for scheduling cyclic pumping operations, to maintain a given minimum drawdown as required for drainage purposes. Keeping the total cycle length constant, the pumping periods are successively shortened and the shutoff periods lengthened. Solutions of the equation for the relative length of the shutoff periods are presented in a family of curves, which greatly simplifies the scheduling procedure.
Eigenparameters for the lowest twenty electronic states of the hydrogen molecule ion

The electronic Hamiltonian for H 2 + , obtained by assuming the nuclei are infinitely heavy and by including only electrostatic coulomb termsin the potential, is solved numerically for all states correlating at large internuclear separation to a proton and hydrogen atom with principal quantum number one, two, or three.
Perforating granuloma annulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Immunohistologic evaluation of the cellular infiltrate.

• The inflammatory infiltrate found in the lesions of perforating granuloma annulare in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was analyzed. Double labeling with fluorescent antibody tags fluorescein isothiocyanate—Leu 4 (peripheral T cells) and phycoerythrin-Leu 2a (cytotoxic/suppressor) revealed the infiltrate to consist predominantly of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. This finding is a reflection of the patient's altered immune status and calls into question the role of specific T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare. ( Arch Dermatol 1987;123:1217-1220)
Minimum weight modified signed-digit representations and fast exponentiation

A method for speeding up integer exponentiation by using a modified signed-digit (MSD) representation of the exponent is described. The method works best when the weight of the representation is minimised. An algorithm for finding a minimum weight MSD representation is presented.
Spatial dynamics of nesting behavior: Lizards shift microhabitats to construct nests with beneficial thermal properties

Because temperature affects the growth, development, and survival of embryos, oviparous mothers should discriminate carefully among available nesting sites. We combined a radiotelemetric study of animal movements with a spatial mapping of environmental temperatures to test predictions about the nesting behavior of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). Females made large excursions from their typical home ranges to construct nests in exposed substrates. These excursions appeared to be related solely to nesting because all females returned to forested habitat immediately afterward. On average, <1% (range = 0-8%, n = 19) of the area used by a female during nesting was contained within the area used before and after nesting. The selection of nesting sites matched predictions based on laboratory studies of embryonic performance; specifically, females nested in extremely open habitat at a mean of 6 cm depth. Spatial mapping of soil temperatures revealed that temperatures of nesting areas exceeded those of areas typically used by females, indicating that females preferred to construct warm nests that speed embryonic growth and development. However, this behavior could reduce the survivorship of females because of the need to rapidly navigate unfamiliar and exposed terrain.
Current incidence and determinants of perioperative myocardial infarction in coronary artery surgery

Abstract Increasingly, patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are elders, have had previous CABG, and have poor left ventricular function. To evaluate determinants of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) after isolated CABG, 499 consecutive patients were reviewed. Definite PMI (total peak creatine kinase [CK] >700 U/L, creatine kinase MB [CK-MB] >30 ng/ml, and new pathologic electrocardiographic Q waves) occurred in 25 patients (5.0%) and probable PMI (total peak CK >700 U/L, CK-MB >30 ng/ml, and a new wall-motion abnormality) occurred in 10 (2.0%) patients. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for definite or probable PMI (odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals) were emergency surgery (3.1; 1.1 to 8.4; p = 0.003), aortic cross-clamp time >100 minutes (4.2; 1.6 to 11.2; p = 0.004), myocardial infarction in the preceding week (2.6; 1.0 to 6.4; p = 0.04), and previous revascularization (2.4; 1.1 to 5.2; p = 0.02). In conclusion, both preoperative and intraoperative factors influence the risk of PMI after CABG. Despite changes in the profile of patients undergoing CABG, the incidence of PMI in this tertiary center is comparable with that found in earlier series, probably because of improvements in surgical techniques and postoperative care.
Where are all the cockroaches

Currently, not only has Strong AI failed in its endeavor to build a system that is as intelligent as you or I, but it cannot even build a system as intelligent as the ubiquitous cockroach. Instead of locating the failure in the lack of a proper theory of concepts, representation, or semantics, this paper locates the failure in the underestimation of how complex even relatively simple biological organisms, such as the cockroach, really are. The implications of biological complexity on research in Strong AI are briefly explored.
Adipocyte-derived cytokine resistin causes endothelial dysfunction of porcine coronary arteries.

Objective Resistin, a novel adipocyte-derived cytokine, is involved in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. In this study, we determined whether resistin could affect vasomotor function, oxidative stress, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in porcine coronary arteries. Methods Porcine coronary arteries were treated with resistin or antioxidant seleno-L-methionine (SeMet). Vasomotor function was studied by using a myograph system. Levels of superoxide anion (O 2 − ) were detected by the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence method. The eNOS mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Culture of isolated porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs) was also included. Results Endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to bradykinin was reduced by 15% and 30% for the rings treated with 10 and 40 ng/mL of resistin, respectively, as compared with controls ( P P 2 − level was increased in the 40 ng/mL resistin-treated vessels by 88% as compared with controls ( P P P Conclusions Resistin reduces the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. This effect is associated with increased superoxide radical production, decreased eNOS expression, and is effectively reversed by the antioxidant SeMet.
Screening for anxiety disorders in the primary care setting

It is important to identify patients with anxiety disorders in the primary care setting so that they may be appropriately treated. The authors propose administration of a brief, 40-item screening instrument, the Four Dimensional Anxiety Scale (FDAS), to distinguish anxiety disorders from anxiety associated with medical conditions and from normal anxiety. For anxiety disorders patients, responses to five items on the FDAS Emotional dimension and 10 items on the Cognitive dimension differ significantly from medical patients or normals, and may help identify them. With such early identification and referral, medical costs of inappropriate care can be minimized, and human suffering can be alleviated through referral to a specialty anxiety disorders clinic.
Measuring silver nanoparticle dissolution in complex biological and environmental matrices using UV–visible absorbance

Distinguishing the toxic effects of nanoparticles (NPs) themselves from the well-studied toxic effects of their ions is a critical but challenging measurement for nanotoxicity studies and regulation. This measurement is especially difficult for silver NPs (AgNPs) because in many relevant biological and environmental solutions, dissolved silver forms AgCl NPs or microparticles. Simulations predict that solid AgCl particles form at silver concentrations greater than 0.18 and 0.58 μg/mL in cell culture media and moderately hard reconstituted water (MHRW), respectively. The AgCl NPs are usually not easily separable from AgNPs. Therefore, common existing total silver techniques applied to measure AgNP dissolution, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or atomic absorption, cannot accurately measure the amount of silver remaining in AgNP form, as they cannot distinguish Ag oxidation states. In this work, we introduce a simple localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) UV–visible absorbance measurement as a technique to measure the amount of silver remaining in AgNP form for AgNPs with constant agglomeration states. Unlike other existing methods, this absorbance method can be used to measure the amount of silver remaining in AgNP form even in biological and environmental solutions containing chloride because AgCl NPs do not have an associated LSPR absorbance. In addition, no separation step is required to measure the dissolution of the AgNPs. After using ICP-MS to show that the area under the absorbance curve is an accurate measure of silver in AgNP state for unagglomerating AgNPs in non-chloride-containing media, the absorbance is used to measure dissolution rates of AgNPs with different polymer coatings in biological and environmental solutions. We find that the dissolution rate decreases at high AgNP concentrations, 5 kDa polyethylene glycol thiol coatings increase the dissolution rate, and the rate is much higher in cell culture media than in MHRW.
Stability of large amplitude forced motion of a simply supported beam

The large amplitude steady state forced motion of a simply supported beam with ends restrained to remain a fixed distance apart is represented by a series of linear normal modes. The validity of the assumption of single mode response is examined by investigating the stability of the unforced modes when a single mode is forced. The equations include the effects of an initial axial load and numerical examples are presented for axial loads in both the pre- and post-buckling regions. It is concluded that the approximation of single mode response is not always valid because of the possible instability of higher modes.
Cosmetics and dermatology: Bleaching creams

Bleaching creams containing hydroquinone are modestly effective in treating some pigmentary disorders. In 2.O% to 5.0% concentrations, hydroquinone is generally quite safe; allergic contact dermatitis may rarely necessitate stopping therapy. Achieving successful results depends on diligent, long-term treatment by patients who have been carefully instructed in methods of use as well as protection from sun exposure. Supplemental use of topical corticosteroids, salicylic acid, or tretinoin, under a physician's supervision, improves the results considerably. However, even with the most persistent and careful management, most patients experience at best only partial improvement.
Effect of convolution and modulation on the time-varying spectrum of a signal, with application to target recognition

In active sonar or radar, the received signal can often be modeled as a convolution of the transmitted signal with the channel impulse response and the target impulse response. Because the received signal may have a time-varying spectrum, due for example to target motion or to changes in the channel impulse response, time-frequency methods have been used to characterize propagation effects and target effects, and to extract features for classification. In this paper, we consider the time-varying spectrum, in particular the Wigner time-frequency representation, of a received signal modeled as the convolution of the transmitted signal with the channel and target responses. We derive a simple but insightful approximation that shows the effects of the magnitude and phase of the frequency response of the target and of the channel on the Wigner representation of the transmitted signal. We also consider time-varying effects on the Wigner representation, such as changes in reflected energy, which we model by amplitude modulation.
Iterative image reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography using Kaiser-Bessel windows

Iterative image reconstruction algorithms for photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) have the ability to improve image quality over analytic algorithms due to their ability to mitigate artifacts from incomplete data, incorporate the relevant imaging physics, and model the instrument response. In this work, Kaiser-Bessel functions are employed as the basis functions in an iterative reconstruction algorithm for PACT. Kaiser-Bessel functions, or blobs, can be made arbitrarily smooth (differentiable to arbitrary order), have finite spatial support, and can be made quasi-bandlimited in the spatial Fourier domain. Closed-form solutions exist in the time-domain and the temporal-frequency domain for the pressure signal generated by blobs.
Historical Eclipses and Earth's Rotation

The Earth and Moon are a dynamic, closely coupled system. What happens to one is mutually reflected in the motions of the other through an exchange of angular momentum and energy which, even over historical times, has been observed and attracted notable attention. In 1695, Edmund Halley, a contemporary of Newton, discovered a discrepancy between predicted and observed times of solar eclipses. From this, Halley concluded that the Moon's motion in its orbit was accelerated, that is, the Moon would appear ahead in orbit from the expected time, and the Earth's rotation slowed. Later, in 1754, Immanuel Kant, the immortal German philosopher, suggested tidal friction slowing the Earth as the cause. Because of the lack of observational evidence of the expected acceleration in the motion of the Sun and other planets as seen from the rotating platform of the Earth, it was not until 1905 and the discovery of the solar acceleration by P. Cowell that closure of the theory took place.
A modified Goertzel structure for efficient real-time blood velocity profile estimation

Many applications utilize short-gate pulse-Doppler schemes to extract velocity information, such as a blood vessel's velocity profile. Advances in signal processing hardware permit software gating to replace traditional hardware gating. Although software gating can be advantageous, the added computational complexity hinders real-time operation, which is clinically desirable. Thus, high-resolution, real-time operation requires efficient algorithms for data processing. This paper develops a modified Goertzel structure for efficient real-time blood velocity profile estimation. When compared with traditional computational methods, this modified structure offers significant advantages with regard to memory, number of operations, and latency of estimation. Simulations are provided to demonstrate algorithm effectiveness.