cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engraftment, Graft Rejection, and Graft Failure

Abstract Among the immunological complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation, graft rejection and graft failure occur much less frequently than graft-versus-host disease. Graft rejection and graft failure can present as the absence of initial engraftment with donor cells during the first several weeks after transplantation or as the disappearance of donor hematopoiesis at any time after initial engraftment. Graft rejection must be distinguished from other causes of graft failure. Disappearance of donor cells accompanied by persistence of recipient T cells serves as the hallmark of immune-mediated graft rejection. This chapter will summarize the effector mechanisms of graft rejection, which include adaptive immune responses mediated by T cells and B cells, as well as innate immune responses mediated by natural killer cells. Further sections will address the effects of the pretransplant conditioning regimen on effector mechanisms that mediate rejection, the impact of major histocompatibility complex mismatching, the role of various donor cell populations in the graft, and the effects of posttransplant immunosuppression.
A Quantitative Model of Super-Arrhenian Behavior in Glass-Forming Polymers

The super-Arrhenian temperature dependence of the mobility is a key signature of glass-forming polymers, where the mobility can decrease by 10 orders of magnitude or more as the temperature is decreased toward Tg. A fundamental description of the super-Arrhenian behavior has been developed, including the pressure dependence of the mobility. Specifically, the log a mobility is proportional to B/Hc, where B is a material-dependent constant and Hc is the difference between the liquid and glassy enthalpies which are determined from experimentally measured heat capacity data. The 1/Hc mobility model has two material parameters and quantitatively describes the temperature and pressure dependence of the mobility for 12 glass-forming polymers, which are the only polymers where there is sufficient experimental data for analysis. Similar configurational-based B/Uc (internal energy) and 1/TSc (entropy) models were examined. The 1/TSc model, which is the traditional Adam–Gibbs model, can describe the 1 atm data...
Public Theology and Counter-Public Spheres

In the past decade a number of influential theologians have claimed, based on the analogy of modern science, that Christian theology is or should be public discourse, a public discipline which is addressed to all people and which uses criteria acceptable to all. This claim is usually contrasted with a view in which theology is understood as private, subjective, authoritarian, based on faith or a special revelation, and limited to a particular community. In this essay I shall explore in particular David Tracy's claim that theology should be public discourse, point out some difficulties with regard to this claim, and make an alternative proposal.
Car Accident Detection and Reconstruction Through Sound Analysis with Crashzam

A car accident is a dangerous and extremely stressful moment involving many actors: one or more drivers, passengers, rescues, police force, as long as repairmen and insurance companies. In such circumstances, smart connected vehicles have the opportunity to provide really helpful services like an automatic crash detector for quick first aid alerting, first notification of loss, proactive claim management, settlement estimation, and damage assessment. While until now crash detection and reconstruction is completely based on accelerometer sensor time series analysis, this paper presents an innovative way to detect any type car accidents, called Crashzam, which relies on another source of information: the sound produced by a car impact that reverberates inside the car cabin. In the manuscript we introduce an original dataset we have beforehand built composed by in vitro and in vivo crash sounds, the overall system design, model and classification built upon features extracted from the time and frequency domain of the audio signal and from its spectrogram image, and a possible approach for crash reconstruction. Results show that the proposed model is able to easily identify crash sounds from other sounds reproduced in-car cabins, even in presence of noise.
Numerical Differentiation in the Measurement Model

The problems of increasing the accuracy of numerical differentiation in the measurement model are investigated. We consider the measurements of target characteristics of an object that are not directly measurable, and also the reduction of measurements using the example of determining derivatives and initial parameters in the Cauchy problem. We clarify the relationship between the initial parameters of the differential dependencies and particular solutions of the differential equation of the Cauchy problem at the measurement points of the input quantities of the measurement model. Using the example of determining the derivatives in the Cauchy problem, we note the efficiency of the Lagrangian approximation of the functions of the input and output quantities of the measurement model. It is shown that the maximum accuracy of the approximation of the studied characteristics of the object is attainable using the theory of inverse problems. The following scientific results were obtained: assuming the form of the differential equation for the Cauchy problem, particular solutions of the equation are found; using a polynomial approximation, we compute the function of the measurement model input parameters measured by the sensors; we derive formulas for computing the derivatives of the function of input quantities; by the method of measurement reduction, an approximation grid is determined that minimizes the influence of sensor error. We propose a criterion for estimating the efficiency of solving the measurement reduction problem. Formulas are obtained for estimating the level of error in the derivatives of the function of the input quantities, taking into account the given sensor error. It was shown that the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical ones. The applications for the research results include information-measuring systems for monitoring the status of complex technical objects.
Concurrent Validity and Reliability of the Core Lexicon Measure as a Measure of Word Retrieval Ability in Aphasia Narratives.

Purpose General agreement exists in the literature that clinicians struggle with quantifying discourse-level performance in clinical settings. Core lexicon analysis has gained recent attention as a...
GESTURES OF CARE AND RECOGNITION: An Introduction

This collection of essays offers an exploration of care as a gesture of recognition. As both object of inquiry and ethnographic representation, care is examined as the work of discerning and representing traces. The introduction and subsequent essays grapple with the work of writing about absent others, and how the anthropological endeavor might itself be considered a form of care.
Offshore production's effect on Americans' attitudes toward trade

American discontent with offshore production features heavily in trade policy debates. But Americans more typically encounter offshore production in apolitical contexts as consumers. We argue that these ostensibly apolitical encounters with offshore production are, in fact, freighted with political consequences. This paper asks: When and for whom does consumer-based exposure to offshore production reduce support for free trade? This is an important in its own right, but also sheds light on the contexts in which more overtly political references to offshore production are likely to find the most fertile ground. We answer these questions using a survey experiment that embeds an offshoring “prime” into an advertisement for pet furniture, varying the location of production across different treatment groups. We find that our experimental exposure to offshore production depressed enthusiasm for free trade, but only when production occurred in China, and mainly among white men living near trade-related job loss. That heterogeneity resonates with work on the economic and social aspects of the decline in American manufacturing employment.
Esketamine (Spravato) for Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Esketamine is an in-office treatment for patients with a severe major depressive disorder to be used in addition to oral antidepressant therapy.
Muscle oxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy and lactate thresholds in endurance trained and recreationally active cyclists.

The development of noninvasive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor tissue oxyghemoglobin/myoglobin saturation provides a means of continuously and noninvasively monitoring muscle oxygenation during exercise (1-3). The lactate threshold has been. used to gauge endurance training (4,5). It would be of interest to determine whether the noninvasive monitoring of muscle oxygenation can be used as a surrogate marker of lactate threshold or as a gauge of conditioning during endurance training. The ability to identify the lactate threshold by a noninvasive, continuous monitor such as NIRS would greatly aid athletes in assessing their level of performance during training and to guide that training.
Volumetric efficiency and pressure pulsations of a triplex reciprocating supercritical CO2 pump

Abstract A reciprocating triplex pump has been integrated into a closed-loop supercritical carbon dioxide test facility. The pump is designed to compress liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide and has a maximum volumetric flow rate of 51 L/min. A sweep across the pump’s speed range of 100–1000 rev/min was performed with inlet conditions between 60 and 160 bar. The volumetric efficiency was found to increase as pump speed increased from 10 to 40 % before it plateaued at higher pump speeds. The mechanical efficiency increased linearly with pump speed and was not affected by system pressure. Pressure pulsations caused by the plungers and valves were also measured at each speed. A 35-liter buffer volume, connected near the pump’s discharge was isolated at each speed to determine its effectiveness as a pulsation dampener. Overall the reciprocating pump was shown to perform exceptionally with liquid or supercritical inlet conditions applicable to many supercritical fluid applications.
RAMIC: Design of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of ramipril in patients with COVID-19.

Author(s): Ajmera, Veeral; Thompson, Wesley K; Smith, Davey M; Malhotra, Atul; Mehta, Ravindra L; Tolia, Vaishal; Yin, Jeffrey; Sriram, Krishna; Insel, Paul A; Collier, Summer; Richards, Lisa; Loomba, Rohit | Abstract: Background and aimsRetrospective studies have shown that angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are associated with a reduced risk of complications and mortality in persons with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we aimed to examine the efficacy of ramipril, an ACE-inhibitor, in preventing ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and/or mortality while also minimizing the risk of transmission and use of personal protective equipment (PPE).MethodsRAMIC is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, allocation-concealed, placebo-controlled trial comparing the efficacy of treatment with ramipril 2.5nmg orally daily compared to placebo for 14ndays. The study population includes adult patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a hospital or assessed in an emergency department or ambulatory clinic. Key exclusion criteria include ICU admission or need for mechanical ventilation at screening, use of an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin-receptor-II blocker within 7ndays, glomerular filtration ratenln40nmL/min or a systolic blood pressure (BP)nln100nmmHg or diastolic BPnln65nmmHg. Patients are randomized 2:1 to receive ramipril (2.5nmg) or placebo daily. Informed consent and study visits occur virtually to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and preserve PPE. The primary composite endpoint of ICU admission, invasive mechanical ventilation and death are adjudicated virtually.ConclusionsRAMIC is designed to assess the efficacy of treatment with ramipril for 14ndays to decrease ICU admission, mechanical ventilator use and mortality in patients with COVID-19 and leverages virtual study visits and endpoint adjudication to mitigate risk of infection and to preserve PPE (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04366050).
Pooled analysis of POLE-mutant colorectal cancer characteristics.

e15515Background: Colorectal cancers (CRC) with pathogenic mutations in POLE (mPOLE) represent a unique subgroup with distinct clinical and molecular features and may exhibit a robust response to i...
Exploring the Effects of Mood and Computer Self-Efficacy on Computing Task Performance

While information systems (IS) research has looked at possible factors and conditions which lead to optimal performance using technology, limited attention has been paid to the possible impact of mood states. Existing literature from the field of psychology and other applied disciplines indicate that positive mood states have the potential to promote attention and interest as well as encourage play and exploration, which may be expected to enhance performance on computing tasks. Using a laboratory experiment, the effect of mood on three dimensions of performance (task accuracy, time taken and performance satisfaction) under the moderating conditions of task complexity and computer self-efficacy is shown. Partial support is found for the proposed effects of positive mood state on performance.
Hormonal changes during induction of midtrimester abortion by prostaglandin F2α

Abstract Prostaglandin F 2 α was infused over 12 hours in 10 patients between 12 and 16 weeks' gestation. There were 4 complete and 5 incomplete abortions. All patients developed significant side effects. Plasma levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, free estrogens, and renin were determined serially. Results indicate functional damage of the placenta and fetus prior to clinical evidence of abortion.
New examples of non–slice, algebraically slice knots

For n > 1, if the Seifert form of a knotted 2n - 1-sphere K in S 2n+1 has a metabolizer, then the knot is slice. Casson and Gordon proved that this is false in dimension three. However, in the three-dimensional case it is true that if the metabolizer has a basis represented by a strongly slice link, then K is slice. The question has been asked as to whether it is sufficient that each basis element is represented by a slice knot to assure that K is slice. For genus one knots this is of course true; here we present genus two counterexamples.
“Thinking about Space” CAS Colloquium Abstracts

Abstracts from papers and panels presented at the 2012 CAS Colloquium “Thinking about Space,” held on March 27-28 at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville.
The Importance of Understanding and Utilizing Fair Use in Educational Contexts: A Study on Media Literacy and Copyright Confusion

This brief paper discusses the recent study conducted by Hobbs, Jaszi, & Aufderheide (Oct. 2007), The Cost of Copyright Confusion for Media Literacy, and its implications for educators and particularly writing teachers. This paper is also available along with other Top Intellectual Property Developments of 2007, hosted on the website of the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE).
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME OF NEWBORN INFANTS III. Statistical Evaluation of Factors Possibly Affecting Survival of Premature Infants

Sex did not appear to affect survival of newborn infants who had respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in severe form. Male premature infants with birth weights over 1,500 gm were three times more likely to have severe RDS than female infants. Race did not appear to alter the fatality rate among infants with severe RDS. The effect of birth weight on survival in RDS depended on how the scope of RDS was defined. When infants with the mild form of the syndrome were excluded, no significant decrease in fatality rates was observed as the birth weight increased from 1,251 to 2,250 gm. When the infants with both severe and mild forms of the syndrome were included, there was a very significant decrease in fatality rates as birth weight increased. This inverse relationship was related to fact that the ratio of mild to severe cases increased with the birth weight. Fatality rates were significantly higher among infants with severe RDS if self-sustaining, spontaneous breathing was delayed more than one minute after birth.
A Review of Ferret Toxicoses

Within the past 20 years, ferrets have steadily gained popularity as a household pet. Owing to their small size, ability to climb, and explore under furniture and behind appliances, curious ferrets are often exposed to misplaced items. This ability to search secluded areas within the house provides opportunities for the animal to interface with toxic substances, of which the owner may be totally unaware. Owing to their low body weight, ferrets are at a higher risk of toxicosis since they obtain higher doses of the toxin on a mg/kg basis. Improperly applied flea and tick products, labeled for other pets, may also result in an adverse drug reaction.
Stability of mitomycin admixtures

The stability of mitomycin in admixtures for continuous intravenous infusion was studied. Mitomycin was reconstituted and diluted to 50 micrograms/mL in polyvinyl chloride minibags containing 5% dextrose injection 50 mL or 0.9% sodium chloride injection 50 mL. Additional mitomycin admixtures were reconstituted with a buffer solution containing monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate; these were diluted with 5% dextrose injection only. Admixtures were stored at room temperature (27-30 degrees C) and refrigerated temperature (5 degrees C) for 120 days. Mitomycin concentrations in each admixture were tested by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) immediately after admixture and at intervals during storage. Ultraviolet spectra were determined at the same time as HPLC analysis, and the admixtures were visually inspected and tested for pH. Mitomycin concentrations decreased rapidly in the unbuffered admixtures; after 12 hours at room temperature, less than 26% of the drug remained in the dextrose admixture. When the unbuffered admixtures were refrigerated for 12 hours, the mitomycin concentrations decreased 10% in the sodium chloride admixtures and 33% in the dextrose admixtures; after 24 hours, the percentages of drug loss were 23% and 42%, respectively. Mitomycin concentrations in the buffered admixtures showed no substantial decrease during 120 days at 5 degrees C. At room temperature, concentrations decreased 10% after 15 days. When the admixture is buffered to a pH of approximately 7.8, mitomycin is stable in 5% dextrose injection for up to 15 days at room temperature and at least 120 days at 5 degrees C. Unbuffered mitomycin admixtures should not be stored or administered by prolonged i.v. infusion.
The Thing Growing: autonomous characters in virtual reality interactive fiction

This paper describes "The Thing Growing", a work of interactive fiction implemented in virtual reality, in which the user is the main protagonist and interacts with computer controlled characters. This work of fiction depends on the user's emotional investment in the story and on her relationship to a central character, the Thing.
BLOOD NON-PROTEIN SULFHYDRYL LEVELS IN STATES OF ACIDOSIS.

Summary and conclusionSince(1) acetone and glutathione in aqueous solution or added to whole blood did not form any compound not readily reversible under physiologic conditions; (2) the development of ketosis following starvation in human subjects did not result in a lowered blood non-protein sulfhydryl; and, (3) induced metabolic acidosis or alkalosis in rats led to similar results, the decreased blood glutathione in diabetic ketosis must be explained on grounds other than the combination of thiols with ketone bodies, or some simple relation to acid-base balance.
Syndrome-Testable Design of Combinational Circuits

Classical testing of combinational circuits requires a list of the fault-free response of the circuit to the test set. For most practical circuits implemented today the large storage requirement for such a list makes such a test procedure very expensive. Moreover, the computational cost to generate the test set increases exponentially with the circuit size.
Entry of opioid peptides into the central nervous system

Cerebrovascular permeability of four modified opioid peptides--[D-Ala2]methionine enkephalin amide, beta-[D-Ala62,14C-Homoarg69]lipotropin 61 -69, alpha-[D-Ala2,14C-Homoarg9]endorphin, and beta-[D-Ala2,14C-Homoarg]endorphin--ranged from 1.4 to 3.9 X 10(-6) centimeters per second in brain regions of the conscous rat. These significant permeabilities should allow the peptides to fill the extracellular brain space with a half time of 3 to 11 minutes, as a result of a step increase in plasma concentration of unbound peptide.
Agency, Denominations and the Western Colleges, 1830–1860: Some Connections between Evangelicalism and American Higher Education

This essay focuses attention on certain aspects of the religious forces which powerfully shaped the small colleges which dominated American higher education prior to the Civil War. Religion, and more specifically evangelical Protestantism, has long been recognized as an important factor influencing the early history of these colleges. But the precise connections between evangelicalism and higher education during those years have not been studied very systematically recently, especially in the light of a new historiography concerning the ante-bellum college which has been developing during the past decade. This article begins with a brief sketch of the new historiography and tries to suggest some of the interpretive strengths and weaknesses of the recent writings. Then follows a description of the "agency" systems developed by certain Midwestern schools to aid in fund raising-a specific point of linkage between the general religious community and the colleges this community helped to found. This latter section seeks to redress in a limited way the interpretive imperfections of the recent historiography and to suggest something of the nature of the special relationships which existed between the small colleges of the Midwest and the evangelical Protestant churches during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. There was some serious writing about these nineteenth-century schools before the coming of the new educational historians. This writing was marred, however, by presentist interpretations. They were the formulations of historians deeply influenced by contemporary American higher education, dominated by universities oriented toward research and graduate level study. (The most influential of these writer-historians taught at such schools). They compared the ante-bellum colleges with the contemporary universities, and always the small colleges came off second best. They viewed pre-Civil War schools as deeply conservative in curriculum and educational outlook, elitist and highly limited in size and nature of student bodies and scarcely relevant to the sprawling, dynamic, activist society of Jacksonian America. This
Concept of ambiguity and applications to security and transportation safety

Some concerns of measurement for biometric analysis and synthesis are investigated. This paper reexamines the nature of definition of “measurement” of distance between two objects or image patterns, which is essential for comparing the “similarity” of patterns. According to [19], biometric refers to the studies of analysis, synthesis, modeling and simulation of human behavior by computers, including mainly recognition of hand printed words, machines printed characters, handwriting, fingerprint, signature, facial expression, speech, voice, emotion and iris etc. The key idea is the “measurement” between different input image. It deals with fundamental phenomena of “measurement”. Preliminary findings show that the concepts of “segmentation” and “disambiguation” are extremely important. Even methods that has 99.999 % accuracy rate, a poorly or ill considered pre-designed road poster or input pattern could easily destroy its effectiveness and lower the overall performance accurate rate to less than 50%. This paper propose a method to disambiguate ambiguous signs.
Studies concerning the effect of external irradiation on localization of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody 1172.3 to human colon carcinoma xenografts

Abstract Recent studies in animal models involving antibody tumor targeting of hepatoma and melanoma and clinical trials involving hepatoma patients have suggested that preirradiation of tumors may enhance antibody tumor targeting. These reports led us to study the effect of external irradiation on monoclonal antibody (MAb) targeting of human carcinomas; as a model system, we used MAb 11723 and the LS-174T human colon carcinoma xenograft in athymic mice. LS-174T tumors exposed to 300 cGy grew to approximately 93% the size of non-irradiated tumors, while those exposed to 600, 900, or 2,000 cGy were approximately 41% the size of control tumors. Splitting the 900 cGy into three 300-cGy fractions yielded a two-fold lower tumor volume compared with a single 900-cGy fraction. Histochemical evaluation of the carcinomas revealed a decrease in the number of mitoses per high power field consistent with early effects of radiation exposure. Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique, carcinomas were assayed for expression of the tumor associated glycoprotein (TAG)-72, the high-molecular-weight mucin detected by MAb 1172.3. No discernable variation was observed in the staining intensity among tumors in both the control and radiation treated group; that is, differences among tumors within each group were compatible with the known heterogeneous expression of TAG-72. Exposure of carcinomas to 300 or 900 cGy in a single fraction or 900 cGy split in three 300-cGy fractions did not yield a consistent or substantial enhanced localization of radiolabeled MAb 11723 IgG or F(ab′)Z to tumors. A 1.5-fold augmentation of MAb binding to tumors was observed in preirradiated mice; however, these results were not statistically significant. Inherent differences in tumors such as cell type of origin, size, spatial configuration, extent of vascularization and volume of interstitial space may contribute to variability of the effect of preirradiation of tumors on antibody binding. Our results suggest that consistent augmentation of radiolabeled antibody localization to tumors is not a universal phenomenon.
Electrokinetic remediation of wood preservative contaminated soil containing copper, chromium, and arsenic

Abstract As a result of wood treatment, and the recent banning of the copper, chromium, and arsenic (CCA) treated wood for residential use many CCA treatment facilities have been abandoned or being closed. Soil contamination resulting from CCA is common at these sites. In this study, the feasibility of electrokinetic technique to remove CCA from contaminated soil was investigated. To better understand the ionic mobility within the soil and to detect the generation and advancement of acid front, sampling ports were provided along the longitudinal axis of a test cell. To determine the effect of varying current, three tests were performed at different current densities of 5.9, 2.9, and 1.5 mA/cm 2 for a period of 15 days. The initial concentrations of copper, chromium, and arsenic in the soil were 4800, 3100, and 5200 mg/kg, respectively. Dilute nitric acid was used as an amendment to neutralize the hydroxyl ions produced at the cathode. Experiments resulted in removal efficiencies as high as 65% for copper, 72% for chromium, and 77% for arsenic. The results also indicated that the advancement of acid front favored desorption of metals from the soil and the metals were mobilized either as free cations or metal complexes. Chromium that was in its +6 valence state was transported as anion prior to its reduction. However, once the chromium was reduced to chromium(III) its transport direction reversed with transport being favored towards the cathode.
Prediction of psychological distress in school-age children with HIV

(1999). Prediction of Psychological Distress in School-Age Children With HIV. Children's Health Care: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 201-220.
Minority students vs. majority faculty and administrators in teacher education: Perspectives on the clash of cultures

This paper strongly suggests that the views of minority students must be included in any meaningful assessment of teacher preparation programs' efforts to address racial diversity. The project was initiated during the 1990–91 academic year by interviewing minority juniors and seniors (total of 24), selected faculty, and administrators (deans, associate deans, department chairs) at two colleges of education as well as extensive document reviews. Intermittent follow-up interviews and document reviews continued through the 1993–94 academic year. These minority students did not feel that their teacher preparation programs had adequately prepared them to teach in racially diverse settings. Faculty and administrators agreed with the contention of the students but also pointed to a few tangible efforts that had been initiated to rectify this problem.
Activity of the anion exchange protein (band 3) of human erythrocytes as affected by hydroxychloro aromatic chemicals

Abstract The membranous segment of the anion transport protein (band 3) of the human erythrocyte membrane has been shown [T. L. Miller and R. J. Smith, Archs Biochem. Biophys. 250, 128 (1986)] to be destabilized by relatively low concentrations of many hydroxychloroaromatic compounds (HO-Clx-Ar), including hydroxychlorodiphenyl ethers (HO-Clx,-DPE), major contaminants of technical grade pentachlorophenol (PCP). In the present study, HO-Clx-DPE also caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the rate of sulfate exchange mediated by band 3 in human erythrocytes. The most active compound studied, 2-HO-Cl9-DPE, was about nine times more potent in inhibiting sulfate exchange than 2-HO-′,4,4′-Cl3-DPE, the least active compound studied. The potency of HO-Clx,-DPE as inhibitors of anion exchange generally increased with the degree of chlorination. The concentration-dependent decreases in the sulfate exchange rate elicited by 2-HO-Cl9-DPE and 2-HO-2′,4,4′-Cl3-DPE paralleled the effects of these compounds on the stability of band 3.
Optimal resource allocation for markovian queueing networks: the complete information case

The problem of finding the optimal routing and flow control of a single-class Markovian network under a suitable optimization criterion is analyzed. It is proven that, if complete information about the state of the network is made available to the network controller, the optimal state dependent routing is essentially deterministic, and the optimal flow control is of a generalized window type. An iterative linear programming algorithm is given for the derivation of the optimal routing and flow control policy.
An Observational Study of Intergenerational Activities and Behavior Change in Dementing Elders at Adult Day Care Centers

This study investigated whether dementing adult day care clients demonstrate consistent positive behaviors (i.e., eye contact, smiling, attentiveness, etc.) during structured, weekly activities with young children that these adults do not demonstrate during similar activities when the young children are not present. The study built on a preliminary informal study conducted in conjunction with an intergenerational adult day care project. Participants for the study were twenty-one adult day care clients who have behavioral characteristics of Alzheimer's or related disorders. The study involved five consective weeks of planned, structured music activities prepared by a musical therapist as part of the regular intergenerational activities of the adult day care center. The same activities were repeated twice in the same day at each site, once with children present and once without them present. Two fixed videotape cameras recorded client behaviors in three-minute segments. Scoring was completed by trained, “bl...
The amino acid sequence of peanut agglutinin

The amino acid sequence of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin was determined from three major fragments obtained by mild acid cleavage at Asp-Pro peptide bonds. The sequence of 236 amino acids has residues identical to those that form the metal-binding site and the hydrophobic pocket in concanavalin A and other lectins, although the overall similarity is only 42%. In the segments of peanut agglutinin that correspond to the four loops that form the carbohydrate-binding site in concanavalin A and favin, several central residues are homologous, while others show changes to smaller side chains, such as Tyr----Gly. The carbohydrate-binding site of peanut agglutinin may therefore have a similar peptide-backbone architecture, but form a considerably more open cleft.
Tree biomass, wood waste yield, and carbon storage changes in an urban forest.

Abstract Urban tree biomass studies are important for estimating urban wood waste yield, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem goods provided by urban forests. This study quantified urban tree wood waste yield and temporal changes in carbon storage for different land uses using data from permanent monitoring plots and locally developed urban tree and regional allometric biomass equations. Drivers influencing wood waste yields and carbon (C) sequestration were analyzed as was accuracy of available urban tree C storage models. We estimated annual urban tree stem and crown biomass removals at 2 Mega grams (Mg) per hectare, equivalent to approximately 5% of the annual requirements of a 100 MegaWatt bioenergy plant. Urban tree C storage changes, or annual C sequestration, was 29,280 Mg which is equivalent to 5% of all anthropogenic local C emissions in 2008 and twice as much as estimated by an available carbon sequestration model. Greater amounts of wood waste were generated in forests and commercial/institutional areas than residential areas, but differences were not significant and amount removed was only significantly related to the amount of impervious surfaces and maintained grass. Available urban tree C storage models can have errors of 40%. Results can be used to estimate the potential annual supply of city-wide urban wood waste from management, maintenance, land clearing activities, and post-hurricane tree debris removal. Wood waste can be a sustainable urban forest ecosystem service and good; but tradeoffs such as esthetics, soil quality and community preferences should be accounted for as well.
SERUM LIPOPROTEINS INCREASE TESTOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN hCG-DESENSITIZED LEYDIG CELLS

The effects of high density and low density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) on testosterone synthesis by Leydig cells from rats treated three days earlier with 50 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or from salineinjected control rats were investigated. HDL caused a significant, dose-dependent increase in both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production by Leydig cells from hCG-treated rats, but had no marked effect on Leydig cells from control rats. The serum testosterone concentration of hCG-treated rats was three times higher than in controls. Basal testosterone production by Leydig cells from hCG-treated rats was elevated twofold in comparison to controls, while hCG-stimulated testosterone production was significantly lower than in controls. Both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone production by Leydig cells from hCG-treated rats were significantly increased by the addition of HDL or LDL. Furthermore, HDL restored the hCG-stimulated testosterone production to the maximal amount produced by hCG-sti...
Bounds on stresses caused in structures by bounded anelastic strains

Bounds are obtained on the stresses that can develop at an arbitrary section of a structure (such as a continuous beam, or a rigid frame) by anelastic strains of unknown distribution but bounded magnitudes. Examples of a continuous beam with two equal spans, and a portal frame are worked out in detail to illustrate the procedure.
The impact of prior experience in an information technology programming course sequence

Like most computing departments, the Information Technology (IT) Department of the Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences (GCCIS) at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) offers an introductory programming sequence. Students typically spend their first three quarters completing the sequence. We have found that students enter the sequence with varying degrees of experience ranging from none at all to significant programming experience. Those with previous exposure to programming could have received this experience in many different ways: programming courses in high school, programming that is tangential to other high school courses, clubs, self study, and work experience.A survey was conducted on 159 students starting the sequence. We analyzed the survey results and the students' performance in the courses to investigate the effects of prior programming experience. Specifically, did students who had prior programming experience demonstrate stronger performance throughout the sequence than their counterparts? This paper discusses the course content across the sequence, the format of the study and the study results.
The effect of combined surgical-medical intervention on the progression of endometriosis in an adolescent and young adult population.

Abstract Study Objective To evaluate the effect of combined surgical-medical treatment on endometriosis progression in adolescents as measured by disease stage. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Two academic medical centers. Participants Sequential cases of young women identified on chart review with chronic pelvic pain unresponsive to dysmenorrheal treatment who underwent initial laparoscopy for diagnosis and surgical destruction of endometriosis. All patients were then treated with standard continuous medical therapy. Patients with exacerbation of pain on anti-endometriosis medical therapy who elected a subsequent laparoscopic procedure were eligible for this study. Intervention Retrospective chart review Main Outcome Measures Endometriosis stage and adhesions at subsequent laparoscopy as compared to the initial surgical procedure. Results 90 patients met inclusion criteria. Eligible patients were 12 to 24 years of age at the time of the initial laparoscopy. The median endometriosis stage at first and second laparoscopy was I. No stage change was observed in 70% of patients, 19% improved by one stage, 1% improved by two stages, and 10% worsened by one stage. Regardless of initial stage, a trend toward disease progression was not observed. There was a significant likelihood for stage improvement at second laparoscopy, with those initially diagnosed as stage II or III most likely to exhibit improvement. Conclusions Based on the concept that endometriosis can be progressive, these data suggest that combined surgical-medical management retards disease progression in adolescents and young adults.
Laminar boundary layer oblique shock wave interaction on flat and curved plates

Ce memoire decrit quelques recherches experimentales et theoriques sur l'interaction des ondes de choc obliques avec les couches limites laminaires. Une serie de mesures detaillees de pressions et du frottement a ete faite dans la region d'interaction dans un ecoulement le long d'une plaque plane. Un modele du mecanisme en a ete deduit, dont les predictions s'accordent raisonnablement bien avec les resultats des experiences. Les memes idees ont ete appliquees a l'interaction sur une surface courbe, et les resultats s'accordent encore avec les experiences. Une etude simplifiee de la region de stabilite de l'interaction sous l'action d'oscillations de faible amplitude a ete faite.
Improving Generalizations from Experiments Using Propensity Score Subclassification: Assumptions, Properties, and Contexts.

As a result of the use of random assignment to treatment, randomized experiments typically have high internal validity. However, units are very rarely randomly selected from a well-defined population of interest into an experiment; this results in low external validity. Under nonrandom sampling, this means that the estimate of the sample average treatment effect calculated in the experiment can be a biased estimate of the population average treatment effect. This article explores the use of the propensity score subclassification estimator as a means for improving generalizations from experiments. It first lays out the assumptions necessary for generalizations, then investigates the amount of bias reduction and average variance inflation that is likely when compared to a conventional estimator. It concludes with a discussion of issues that arise when the population of interest is not well represented by the experiment, and an example.
Depth determination using thermal imaging

A thermal technique and system for measuring the depth of a crack in metal is described. The transient heat signature of a moving infrared laser source is analyzed using three intensity-based algorithms and the limitations of this approach are examined. Experimental results demonstrate capability to measure EDM-notches 0.06 inches deep and shallower, and the variability of the system agrees with the theoretical. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique over other non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are also outlined.
Maximizing the Performance of Cased Munitions Under Realistic Constraints

In order to make the process of fragmentation of warhead cases more systematic, we have developed a procedure that makes use of nonlinear optimization to derive optimal values for case design parameters subject to various design constraints. A framework has been developed that makes use of the optimization software package LS-OPT driving the hydrocode CTH (CTH is developed and maintained at Sandia National Laboratories, LS-OPT is commercially available from Livermore Software Technology Corp.). CTH was used to model the explosive detonation and determine the resultant kinetic energy delivered to the case by the energetic material. As an example of application of the framework, a test problem was run using a case configuration consisting alternating titanium alloy and polymer layers.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Evidence for a potent antiinflammatory effect of rosiglitazone.

We have recently demonstrated a potent antiinflammatory effect of troglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and a partial agonist of PPARα in both the nondiabetic obese and diabetic obese subjects. We have now investigated the antiinflammatory actions of rosiglitazone, a selective PPARγ agonist. Eleven nondiabetic obese subjects and 11 obese diabetic subjects were each given 4 mg of rosiglitazone daily for a period of 6 wk. Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 wk (6 wk after the cessation of rosiglitazone). Eight obese subjects and five obese diabetic subjects were also included in the study as control groups. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the control groups at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 wk only. Nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-binding activity in mononuclear cells, plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-α, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum amyloid A (SAA) were measured. Blood glucose con...
Distribution analysis of nonsynonymous polymorphisms within the human kinase gene family

The human kinase gene family is composed of 518 genes that are involved in a diverse spectrum of physiological functions. They are also implicated in a number of diseases and encompass 10% of current drug targets. Contemporary, high-throughput sequencing efforts have identified a rich source of naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in kinases, a subset of which occur in the coding region of genes (cSNPs) and result in a change in the encoded amino acid sequence (nonsynonymous coding SNP; nscSNPs). What fraction of this naturally occurring variation underlies human disease is largely unknown (uDC), and much of it is assumed not to be disease causing (DC). We pursued a comprehensive computational analysis of the distribution of 1463 nscSNPs and 999 DC nscSNPs within the kinase gene family and have found that DCs are overrepresentated in the kinase catalytic domain and in receptor structures. In addition, the frequencies with which specific amino acid changes occur differ between the DCs and the uDCs, implying different biological characteristics for the two sets of human polymorphisms. Our results provide insights into the sequence and structural phenomena associated with naturally occurring kinase nscSNPs that contribute to human diseases.
Terabit Photonic Integrated Circuits in InP

We report on the development of monolithically integrated multi-wavelength coherent transmitter and receiver PICs employing polarization multiplexing and advanced phase-shift keying modulation to provide an aggregate bandwidth greater than 1Tbps on a single chip.
Bridging quantum chemistry and solid-state physics

This article reviews the developments made primarily by the author in mathematical theories and algorithms for systematic many-body descriptions of correlated electrons and anharmonic lattice vibrations in polymers and molecular crystals. It also documents underlying size-extensive electron-correlation methods and their computerized implementations as well as a few pivotal applications.
1456 The potential of the immune system in the management of cancer

The immune system acts as the body's natural protection against a variety of external and internal threats. Immune surveillance has been demonstrated to play a role in defending against cancer development and progression and is now considered an appropriate target for developing new anti-cancer and supportive therapies. A variety of cells with varying immune functions can be stimulated using the therapeutic agents now available. For treatment, stimulation of cytotoxic T-cells, natural killer cells and lymphokine activated killer cells can be achieved by using therapies such as Interleukin-2 and Interferons. In the supportive arena the administration of growth factor proteins such as G-CSF has reduced the incidence of neutropenia and sepsis, and furthermore has been demonstrated to mobilize large numbers of primitive stem cells from the marrow into the blood stream. This has led to the use of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cell transplantation to replace Bone Marrow transplantation in many centres worldwide. It has also facilitated the administration of much greater doses of cytotoxic drugs in an attempt to increase the therapeutic potential of the agents administered and to overcome multi drug resistance. This presentation during the ‘Ask the Specialist’ session will review the cells of the immune system, show how these therapies stimulate various kinds of immune cells and consider potential side effects. It will also review the clinical applications and future potential of these approaches.
Visualization Tools and Methods in Community Planning: From Freehand Sketches to Virtual Reality

As new computerized visualization tools become available, planning professionals who engage in public participation planning must have a practical understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of each tool in order to choose the ones appropriate for a given context. This article reviews both traditional and computerized visualization tools and attempts to provide a general map for planners as they navigate through the multitude of options that currently exist for visualization in public participation planning. The article is organized around a conceptual model that shows the relationship between eight visualization tools (four traditional and four computerized) and two types of communication media.