cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the capacity of human subjects and S-I neurons to distinguish opposing directions of stimulus motion across the skin.

Abstract The ability of human subjects and the capacities of single S-I neurons of macaque monkeys to distinguish opposing directions of movement over the skin were investigated by employing experimental paradigms and data analyses based on sensory decision theory (SDT). It is shown that these techniques can be utilized to provide behavioral and neurophysiological indices of directional sensitivity which have the same metric, and are amenable to statistical tests for significance. The influences of 3 different paradigms and modes of relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve construction on SDT indices of human cutaneous directional sensitivity were investigated. Response latency (RL) was used as an objective indication of certainty in all 3 paradigms; in one of the 3 paradigms the subject also rated the certainty of each report. The SDT indices of cutaneous directional sensitivity and response bias were shown to be independent of the paradigm and mode of ROC curve construction investigated, and the SDT ‘Gaussian-equal variance’ hypothesis was concluded to be consistent with the data provided by all 3 paradigms. A considerable amount of inter-subject as well as intra-subject variability in human cutaneous directional sensitivity is demonstrated for all subjects tested. This variability appears to be an attribute of the processes underlying the sensing of stimulus direction since it is present even when stimulus conditions are maintained constant. Experimental designs were developed which account for this variability, thus allowing detection and quantitation of the influence of variations in stimulus conditions on human directional sensitivity. It is demonstrated that for S-I neurons, an ROC curve can be generated from the responses to multiple replications of opposing directions of movement across the receptive field. The large number of stimulus presentations required to estimate directional sensitivity from ROC curves involves a prolonged period of single neuron recording that is difficult to achieve even under ideal experimental conditions. It is shown that one can obtain a reliable estimate of single neuron directional sensitivity (i.e. delta'e) using relatively few stimulus replications when mean firing rate is assumed to represent that aspect of the neural response carrying information about stimulus direction. These indices allow assessment of the selectivity of single S-I neurons for direction as stimulus parameters are varied. Examples are provided which show (utilizing delta'e) that those stimulus conditions evoking maximal firing rates from S-I neurons are often not optimal for signalling direction of movement across the skin.
Narratives of Disability and the Movement from Deficiency to Difference

In this article, I argue that the study of disability would be thoroughly enriched if the insights offered by cultural sociology as well as recent work on civil society were applied to it. I illustrate this point by offering my own interpretation of contrasting discourses of disability and their relationship to major narrative frameworks of disability. I describe how these narrative frameworks are dependent on a symbolic code that distinguishes between the abilities and inabilities of the physical body.
The Relationship of Oviposition Time, Clutch Position, Barometric Pressure, and Egg Weight to the Incidence of Blood Spots in Eggs

Abstract THIS experiment was designed to determine if ovulation time (based on oviposition time) was different for eggs containing blood spots than for normal eggs. In addition, the experiment was set up to discover if there was an influence on the incidence of blood spots due to egg clutch position, barometric pressure, egg weight, and egg albumen height. Some studies of this nature have been reported in the literature; however, none of them reported the influence of ovulation time on blood spots. Quinn and Godfrey (1940) found no significant correlation between the percentage of blood spots and egg production, egg weight, or body weight. Jeffrey (1945) studied the relationship between the size and color of meat spots and the position of the abnormal eggs in the clutch. He found that the percentage of large red meat spots was highest in the eggs in clutch position 1 followed by a sharp decline …
Effect of tricaprin on the physical characteristics and in vitro release of etoposide from PLGA microspheres

The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of tricaprin on the physical characteristics and in vitro release of etoposide from poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres. The microspheres were synthesized through the use of a single-emulsion solvent-extraction procedure. Samples from each batch of microspheres were then analyzed for size distribution, drug loading efficiency, surface characteristics, in vitro release, and in vitro degradation of microspheres. Microsphere batches were synthesized using three different etoposide concentrations (15%, 10%, and 5% w/w) with tricaprin concentrations of 25% and 50%. The incorporation of 50% tricaprin significantly increased (p<0.05) the size of the microspheres for all three etoposide concentrations in comparison to microspheres prepared without tricaprin (control). The percentage of tricaprin used did not significantly affect the drug loading efficiency of the microspheres. The addition of tricaprin was shown to significantly increase (p<0.05) the in vitro release of etoposide from the microspheres prepared with all three concentrations of etoposide and the two different tricaprin percentages. Examination of the surface characteristics of the tricaprin loaded microspheres showed a dimpled surface with what appeared to be pockets of tricaprin dispersed throughout. In the in vitro degradation study, the tricaprin microspheres grew very porous as the degradation time increased, but they still retained a recognizable structure even after 30 days of degradation.
The inability of aminoazotoluene to induce somatic crossing-over or mutation in Glycine max (L.) merrill

Abstract Seeds from varieties T219 and L65–1237 of Glycine max heterozygous for the gene combination Y 11 y 11 controlling chlorophyll development were soaked in aqueous solutions of aminoazotoluene (AAT) for varying time periods. Analysis of the simple leaves and the first compound leaf for spots indicated that this drug did not increase the frequency of mutation or somatic crossing-over in this system.
The Virgin Anasazi, far western Puebloans

In the American Southwest, the Virgin Anasazi region included the western part of the Colorado Plateaus and the river valleys of the adjoining Mojave Desert in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. This occupation spanned the Puebloan periods from Basketmaker II to Early Pueblo III, roughly A.D. 1 to A.D. 1200. Virgin Anasazi subsistence combined cultivation with hunting and gathering. Current research is unveiling a prehistoric society with flexible food procurement strategies and group organization. They underwent a version of the pit house-to-pueblo transition familiar from the Kayenta and northern San Juan areas. Both intra- and interregional exchange seems to have peaked in Late Pueblo II times and then fallen off prior to the end of their culture history. Face-to-face communities remained small, even into the late 1100s, when other Anasazi areas saw the beginnings of aggregation. Their fate, early in the widespread abandonment of the northern Southwest, remains to be understood.
Pancreatic stent migration into the portal vein causing portal vein thrombosis: A rare complication of a prophylactic pancreatic stent

This report describes the first case of a novel complication of prophylactic pancreatic stents used to reduce the risk of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis, whereby the stent migrated into the portal vein resulting in portal vein thrombosis. We review the literature and discuss the potential mechanisms that caused this complication. The approach and prompt treatment that resulted in a favorable clinical outcome are described.
TEM of epitaxial thin films controlled by planes extending (near) normal to interface; with application to two methods to reduce crystal orientations in polycrystalline magnetic media

Abstract This work is a study of heteroepitaxial interfaces as applied to multilayer-thin films for magnetic information storage media. With a goal to develop a film crystallography that optimizes the alignment of magnetic dipoles to coincide with the write/read signal of the recording head, two TEM observations have elucidated a better understanding of what controls heteroepitaxial interfaces. The classical approach to establishing “lattice matching” of interfaces is to model the top plane of atoms of the substrate and then align the next plane of atoms in the subsequently deposited film, i.e. plane A and plane B should “match” (with minimal misfit), with both planes being parallel to the interface. Such mechanism is valid for idealized slow MBE growth where the planes remain atomically flat. However, most film deposition conditions quickly violate this atomically flat configuration. Here growth on a roughened interface is shown to be controlled by the matching of planes that extend (normal or near-normal) across the interface. A second classical observation is the nucleation of bi-crystals, which naturally increases the number of crystal orientations in subsequent films. However, this work exhibits two cases of reducing orientations! One case has a 3-D isotropically oriented cubic film followed by a hexagonal film with 2-&-1/4-D isotropy, and a second case where a 2-D random cubic film is followed by a hexagonal film with 1-&-1/2-D isotropy. The understanding and control of these heteroepitaxial interfaces enables reduction of film orientations to enhance properties, such as 100 Gigabit per-square-inch magnetic recording.
Enabling innovative translational research in acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, heterogeneous and detrimental clinical condition that has significant attributable morbidity and mortality. Despite major advances in understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis and outcomes of AKI, preventive measures remain inadequate and therapeutic approaches (except for renal replacement therapy) have largely proven futile so far. Critical to the process of designing rational therapies is translational research, which involves the transition between the basic research discoveries and everyday clinical applications to prevent, diagnose and treat human diseases. Progress in innovative approaches has been hampered due in part to the reliance on functional markers (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) that are neither sensitive nor specific to diagnose AKI. This limitation has created a great deal of interest and intense investigation to identify a “troponin-like marker” that would facilitate recognition of AKI and allow for timely implementation of the precise therapeutic agent. The other major obstacle in this field is the diverse and complex nature of AKI that involves multiple independent and overlapping pathways, making it difficult to cure AKI with a single approach. In this review, we will summarize the advances, ongoing studies and future perspectives in the field of translational research of AKI.
Nuclear spin relaxation of161Dy in Gd above the Curie temperature observed with the Mössbauer effect

Using a source of181Tb, we have observed a substantial linewidth anomaly in the161Dy Mossbauer Effect just above the Curie temperature of Gd. Preliminary analysis of the anomaly is consistent with behavior expected for critical spin dynamics. Uncertainty in the Curie temperature prevents conclusive analysis of the linewidth divergence in terms of the dynamical exponent, z.
Abnormal T cells from MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice do not respond to anti-T-cell-receptor antibody or tumor promoter and calcium lonophore A23187 despite the presence of the T-cell-receptor complex and protein kinase c

Abstract Abnormal T cells from autoimmune MRL/Mp- lpr / lpr mice express T-cell-receptor complexes on their surfaces. These receptors are nonfunctional, since monoclonal anti-T-cell-receptor antibody-conjugated beads, which normally activate receptor-bearing T cells, were unable to activate these abnormal T cells. In addition, these abnormal T cells are unresponsive to the synergistic effect of phorbolmyristate acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187, as quantitated by proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and the expression of IL-2 receptors. The failure of abnormal T cells to respond to PMA is not due to the absence of PMA receptors since Scatchard plot analysis reveals that there are 1 – 1.5 × 10 5 PMA-binding sites/cell with a K d of 6–10 n M on these abnormal T cells. Similar to normal T lymphocytes, protein kinase c activity can be readily detected in the cytosolic fraction of these abnormal T cells. More importantly, in vitro culture of the abnormal T cells with PMA results in translocation of protein kinase c activity from the cytosolic fraction to the membrane fraction. From these experiments we concluded that the defect in the signal-transducing machinery in MRL/Mp- lpr / lpr T cells is not due to the lack of PMA receptors or the absence of protein kinase c activity, but may result from events which occur after the activation and translocation of protein kinase c . However, whether defects in response to a physiological stimulus (i.e., anti-receptor antibody) could occur in a step prior to protein kinase c activation remains to be determined.
Serotonin uptake and metabolism in isolated, perfused fetal, newborn and adult rabbit lungs.

Twenty-second infusions of3H-5HT were made into the pulmonary arteries of lungs isolated at three different stages of rabbit development: 1) nonventilated lungs from previable 26- to 27-d fetuses; 2) ventilated, newborn lungs from rabbits within 12 hours of birth; and 3) ventilated, young adult lungs. The concentration of 5HT infused (0.65 to 1.12×10−8 M) was much less than the apparent Km for the 5HT uptake process. At these low concentrations 5HT infusion produced no observable vasoactivity. In order to assure a constant ratio of flow to capillary surface area (independant of lung size), perfusate flow was adjusted to produce an approximately 7-second dye retention time. Under these conditions fetal and adult lungs allow 45–50% of3H-5HT to pass through unmetabolized, but newborn lungs allow only about 15% of the unmetabolized3H-5HT through. As previously demonstrated by other workers, essentially no3H-5HT metabolites appeared in the effluent of adult lungs. In contrast about 20 percent of the radioactivity recovered from the immature lungs was eluted with the dye peak as metabolites of3H-5HT. 10−4 M imipramine added to the perfusate blocked 5HT uptake and metabolism similarly at all three stages of development. Therefore, uptake does not seem to be by passive diffusion in immature lungs. The presence of avid 5HT inactivation in previable, fetal lungs with peak inactivation observed in newborn lungs may correlate with the prominence and functional importance of 5HT within pulmonary neuroendocrine cells during perinatal life.
Relationship of clinical factors to caloric requirements in subtypes of eating disorders

Caloric requirements for weight gain in subgroups of anorectic patients (anorectic restrictors, anorectic binge-purgers) and weight maintenance in subgroups of anorectic and bulimic patients (bulimics with and without a prior history of anorexia nervosa) were studied in a total of 36 patients. No significant differences were found between subgroups of anorectic patients either in calories to gain weight or to maintain a normal weight. Bulimic patients, as a group, were found to require significantly fewer [corrected] calories than the group of anorectic patients to maintain a normal weight. Bulimic patients with a prior history of anorexia nervosa were found to require more calories for weight maintenance than bulimics with no such prior history. In the entire eating disorder population, there was a significant negative correlation between highest premorbid body mass index (BMI) and calories required to maintain weight. These findings suggest that differences in energy metabolism may be present in the eating disorder subgroups.
01. Interprofessional, Integrative Treatment of Oncology Patients at a Large Midwestern Community Health System.

Focus Area: Integrative Approaches to Care The Integrative Medicine team at NorthShore University Health System has practiced together for the past 12 years, with a majority of our clientele dealing with oncology issues. We follow patients through the various stages of their cancer treatments, from prevention of cancer, to time of diagnosis, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, rehabilitation, survivorship, recurrence, and hospice and palliative care. Based on the framework of treating a patient with cancer, our panelists will discuss each of their treatment strategies, ranging from bodywork, energy work, traditional Chinese medicine, counseling, guided imagery, herbal and nutritional supplements, and hospice and palliative care. We also will discuss the administrative and financial miracles that make it all happen as seamlessly as possible while increasing access to care for those who cannot afford these services.
Answering web queries using structured data sources

In web search today, a user types a few keywords which are then matched against a large collection of unstructured web pages. This leaves a lot to be desired for when the best answer to a query is contained in structured data stores and/or when the user includes some structural semantics in the query. In our work, we include information from structured data sources into web results. Such sources can vary from fully relational DBs, to flat tables and XML files. In addition, we take advantage of information in such sources to automatically extract corresponding semantics from the query and use them appropriately in improving the overall relevance of results. For this demonstration, we show how we effectively capture, annotate and translate web user queries such as 'popular digital camera around $425' returning results from a shopping-like DB.
Scapulothoracic dissociation: Report of five cases and review of the literature

Scapulothoracic dissociation is a closed forequarter amputation of the upper extremity associated with a spectrum of neurovascular injuries that may be a difficult clinical diagnosis. Classic radiographic features are discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Glutamate‐induced calcium signaling in astrocytes

Astrocytes respond to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate with dynamic spatio-temporal changes in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. Although they share a common wave-like appearance, the different [Ca2+]i changes--an initial spike, sustained elevation, oscillatory intracellular waves, and regenerative intercellular waves--are actually separate and distinct phenomena. These separate components of the astrocytic Ca2+ response appear to be generated by two different signal transduction pathways. The metabotropic response evokes an initial spatial Ca2+ spike that can propagate rapidly from cell to cell and appears to involve IP3. The metabotropic response can also produce oscillatory intracellular waves of various amplitudes and frequencies that propagate within cells and are sustained only in the presence of external Ca2+. The ionotropic response, however, evokes a sustained elevation in [Ca2+]i associated with receptor-mediated Na+ and Ca2+ influx, depolarization, and voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx. In addition, the ionotropic response can lead to regenerative intercellular waves that propagate smoothly and nondecrementally from cell to cell, possibly involving Na+/Ca2+ exchange. All these astrocytic [Ca2+]i changes tend to appear wave-like, traveling from region to region as a transient rise in [Ca2+]i. Nevertheless, as our understanding of the cellular events that underlie these [Ca2+]i changes grows, it becomes increasingly clear that glutamate-induced Ca2+ signaling is a composite of separate and distinct phenomena, which may be distinguished not based on appearance alone, but rather on their underlying mechanisms.
Composition and Quality of Wheat Grown Under Different Shoot and Root Temperatures During Maturation

ABSTRACT Diminished quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from high temperature during maturation is usually attributed to direct effects of the stress on the shoots or grain. However, the upper soil temperature approaches the air temperature, and roots are highly sensitive and interact profoundly with other plant parts. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of differential shoot and root temperatures on quality of hard red spring wheat (cv. Len). Plants were grown in hydroponic containers at 15/10°C day/night until 10 days after anthesis, when shoot/root treatments of 15/15°C, 15/30°C, 30/15°C, and 30/30°C were imposed until the grain ripened. Both high shoot and high root temperature affected quality of the grain. Kernel size and weight were diminished more by high root than by high shoot temperature, but flour yield was decreased significantly only by the 30/30°C treatment. The percentage of starch in B granules was reduced by high shoot temperature, and the diameter of A granules w...
Reliability assessment of power systems considering the large-scale PHEV integration

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have established themselves as achievable, near-term technology options capable of competing with internal combustion engine vehicles. The key concern regards the sufficiency and viability of the power infrastructure with large-scale PHEV integration. Increasing the number of PHEVs causes the power grid to run at a high risk level. The approach proposed in this paper carries out the reliability evaluation of existing power system infrastructures at various PHEV penetration levels. Reliability indices, as quantitative parameters, can be interpreted easily to penalty costs for interruption and energy not supplied. In this paper, various PHEV penetration levels are simulated, and reliability indices are calculated to evaluate the impact of PHEVs on the reliability of power systems. The results show that the existing power system infrastructure is not robust enough for higher penetration levels.
Interferometry and the spectral sensitivity island diagram

Basic principles of radio interferometry are expounded and a special diagram is established which helps with problems on interferometers, especially those with phase switching or other complications. The information on a record, or interferogram, made by scanning a compact source or target with an interferometer comprising an antenna with two well-spaced parts, is all in one complex number, the complex visibility of the interference fringes. Under appropriate conditions, the complex visibility observed is equal to the complex coherence of the field produced by the source between the points occupied by the two elements of the interferometer. (If the elements are not infinitesimal in extent, the complex visibility is equal, instead, to a weighted mean of the values of complex coherence between the pairs of points embraced by the elements.) Furthermore, this quantity gives the strength of one spatial Fourier component of the source distribution in amplitude and phase. To know all Fourier components would require the use of all spacings-two dimensions, this means all vector spacings. Measurements at a finite number of spacings yield the principal solution; if the source is finite in extent, only certain discrete spacings need be used. Spectral sensitivity of antennas depends on the complex autocorrelation function of the antenna aperture distribution. For interferometers, the spectral sensitivity is confined to islands in the spatial frequency plane whose shorelines may be delineated by a simple graphical procedure. The spectral sensitivity island diagram offers an alternative approach to interferometer problems. In an application of the diagram, it is explained how the resolving power of a Mills cross is not impaired by deleting half of one arm.
Nanostructure design of amorphous FePO4 facilitated by a virus for 3 V lithium ion battery cathodes

Amorphous iron phosphate nanowires with diameters of 10 to 20 nm were synthesized using genetically engineered M13 virus for lithium ion battery cathodes. Hydrolysis of Fe3+ ions has been effectively suppressed by forming conjugates with the virus and synthesizing at low temperature, 4 °C. The M13 virus biological template facilitated elaborate nanostructure design and environmentally benign, low temperature synthesis. By implementing heterostructures with silver, we demonstrated experimentally that uniformly distributed Ag nanoparticles throughout the whole structure appeared more advantageous than locally limited network formation by Ag nanowires in enhancing overall electronic conductivity of the entire system, thereby improving battery performances. Electrochemical properties were further improved by dehydration of structural waters. The synergetic use of biological template and synthetic chemistry could enable the synthesis of anhydrous a-FePO4 without thermal treatment via low-temperature and eco-efficient chemistry. The first discharge capacity at a discharge rate of C/10 and 1C was 165 mA h g−1 (93% of the theoretical value) and 110 mA h g−1, respectively. These electrochemical properties are comparable to the best reported values for a-FePO4 synthesized at high temperature. In this study, we set the important step for the practical applications of biological approaches in designing and fabricating energy devices, which may be a promising alternative to the traditional processing techniques that consume energy and are costly.
Discussion of "Measured efficiency improvements of induction motors with thyristor/triac controllers"

For original paper see Fuchs and Hanna (IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol.17, p.437-44, December 2002). The present authors reply to comments by Masoum (IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol.19, no.3, p.647, September 2004) and Martynaitis (IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol.19, no.3, p.647, September 2004).
Laparoscopic repair of chylous ascites.

A 44-year-old female underwent hand assisted laparoscopic left donor nephrectomy. The procedure was uneventful and the kidney was successfully transplanted into the biological son. The initial postoperative period was unremarkable. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 2. She complained of nausea and lack of appetite after discharge from the hospital. Two weeks later she complained of mild increase in abdominal girth. On physical examination she had a moderately distended abdomen, with dullness to percussion. Diagnostic paracentesis was performed in the office, and 120 cc milky white, odorless fluid was aspirated. Laboratory analysis of the fluid was consistent with chylous ascites, and cultures were negative. All other laboratory tests were normal. Computerized tomography of the abdomen with oral and intravenous contrast material confirmed the presence of a large volume of ascites (fig. 1). The patient was rehospitalized and put on a low fat diet and medium chain triglyceride supplementation for 1 week. Management was then changed to total parenteral nutrition and subcutaneous somatostatin for 1 week. Both regimens of conservative treatment failed to improving the condition. Hand assisted laparoscopic exploration was elected. The patient was given a high fat breakfast 6 hours before the operation to increase the chyle flow. On entering the abdomen 12 l chyle was aspirated. The colon was mobilized and the left renal bed was explored. A streak of white chyle was immediately visible (fig. 2). Further dissection showed that the leak was coming from a 1 mm hole in one of the lymphatic channels on the lateral wall of the aorta. The tract was sutured laparoscopically and the surrounding lymphatics were cauterized with bipolar electrocautery. Finally, oxidized regenerated cellulose with fibrin glue was applied to the area. The patient was started on a low fat diet, did well and was discharged home on postoperative day 4. At 1-month followup she was following a regular diet and was asymptomatic. Examination revealed no evidence of ascites, and serum electrolytes, creatinine and proteins were within normal limits.
A New Incision Design for Mandibular Symphysis Bone‐Grafting Procedures

Background: Traditional methods of procuring mandibular symphysis bone grafts may leave soft tissue scarring, and cause paresthesia and lip droop. Methods: Nineteen patients selected for treatment were given general health, periodontal, and radiographic evaluations. Patients had inadequate bone volume for dental implant placement or required preprosthetic ridge augmentation procedures. Prior to surgery, bone sounding was performed to determine tissue thickness. All patients had a minimum of 4 mm of keratinized gingiva. Under local anesthesia, incisions were initiated within the keratinized gingiva. Full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated, and small burs were used to obtain bone blocks from the mandibular symphysis. A bone-scraping device was used to obtain strips of cortical bone. A combination of sling and interrupted sutures was used for wound closure. Results: All patients healed uneventfully without wound dehiscence, paresthesia, or lip droop. Sufficient bone was obtained for ridge or sinus ...
A numerical investigation of lutocline dynamics and saturation of fine sediment in the oscillatory boundary layer

[1] Understanding the state of the muddy seabed is critical to sediment transport, hydrodynamic dissipation and seabed properties. However, this endeavor is challenging because the availability and settling velocity of sediment in muddy environments are highly variable. For a given Reynolds number, typical of fine sediment settling in a moderately energetic muddy shelf, recent 3D numerical simulations have revealed four distinct regimes of wave-induced fine sediment transport. These regimes depend on the availability (or concentration) of sediment and range from well-mixed condition to the formation of lutocline, and eventually a complete flow laminarization. By keeping the sediment availability unchanged, this study further demonstrates the existence of these flow regimes for a range of sediment settling velocities. Simulation results suggest that when settling velocity is larger, the location of the lutocline becomes lower (closer to the bed) and the flow eventually laminarizes when there is further increase in the settling velocity. Hence, the dynamics of lutocline is clearly related to the transition between these flow regimes. The vertical flow structure in the presence of lutocline is revealed through the budgets of sediment flux and turbulent kinetic energy. The suppressed mixing in the lutocline layer is further illustrated from a new perspective, i.e., the budgets of turbulent suspension and concentration fluctuation variance. The concept of saturation, commonly used for tidal boundary layer, is extended here for wave boundary layer.
A scalable and secure cryptographic service

In this paper we present the design of a scalable and secure cryptographic service that can be adopted to support large-scale networked systems, which may require strong authentication from a large population of users. Since the users may not be able to adequately protect their cryptographic credentials, our service leverages some better protected servers to help fulfill such authentication needs. Compared with previous proposals, our service has the following features: (1) it incorporates a 3-factor authentication mechanism, which facilitates compromise detection; (2) it supports immediate revocation of a cryptographic functionality in question; (3) the damage due to the compromise of a server is contained; (4) it is scalable and highly available.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease treated with rituximab: A case-based review

Objectives To report the successful use of rituximab in a patient with anti- glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody disease and to review the literature regarding rituximab use in anti-GBM mediated disease. Methods We report a case of anti-GBM antibody disease with both anti-GBM antibodies and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) specific p-ANCA, who developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) on high dose prednisone, plasmapheresis, and cyclophosphamide therapy. The patient was then treated with rituximab. We analyzed the clinical features of five additional patients of anti-GBM disease treated with rituximab identified through a systematic literature review. Results Our patient was 68-year-old female who presented with acute renal failure. Renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear deposits of IgG antibody along the glomerular basement membrane. Treatment was initiated with high dose prednisone, plasmapheresis and oral cyclophosphamide, with subsequent development of leukopenia and TTP and discontinuance of cyclophosphamide. Treatment with rituximab was initiated with clinical improvement of her hematological parameters but not her renal function. Among the five previously reported cases of anti-GBM disease treated with rituximab, three received brief course of IV cyclophosphamide prior to use of rituximab. Except one patient, all recovered renal function and remained dialysis independent. The anti-GBM antibody level remained undetected in all patients. Conclusions Combination of prednisone, plasmapheresis, and rituximab can be an effective therapy in patients with an anti-GBM antibody disease complicated with TTP.
Psychometric Properties of Sizing Me Up in a Community Sample of 4th and 5th Grade Students With Overweight and Obesity

OBJECTIVE To extend the health-related quality of life assessment literature by examining the reliability and validity of Sizing Me Up in a community sample of nontreatment-seeking overweight and obese children. METHODS Participants included 302 students (M age = 10.34) recruited from 6 elementary schools, who completed self-report measures of health-related quality of life and weight-related health. RESULTS 134 overweight and obese children were included in the analyses to establish validity for the measure. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a 5-factor first-order factor structure with 1 second-order factor representing a total score. Convergent and criterion-related validity was established among overweight and obese children. Estimates of internal consistency for the 5-factor Sizing Me Up factor structure indicated that the subscales are not acceptable outside of a structural equation modeling approach. CONCLUSION Outside of a structural equation modeling framework, only the total score appears to be appropriate in this population.
Creativity aspects of data generalization

In this paper we examine issues involving measures of creativity for attribute data generalization using hierarchies. In particular we consider consensus and specificity measures for the partitions that result using crisp concept hierarchies. We note that fuzzy hierarchies do not produce partitions of data in general so some approaches to considering degrees of partitioning is described.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Fish Oil and Montelukast and Their Combination on Airway Inflammation and Hyperpnea-Induced Bronchoconstriction

Background: Both fish oil and montelukast have been shown to reduce the severity of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of fish oil and montelukast, alone and in combination, on airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction induced by eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) in asthmatics. Methods: In this model of EIB, twenty asthmatic subjects with documented hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) entered a randomized double-blind trial. All subjects entered on their usual diet (pre-treatment, n=20) and then were randomly assigned to receive either one active 10 mg montelukast tablet and 10 placebo fish oil capsules (n=10) or one placebo montelukast tablet and 10 active fish oil capsules totaling 3.2 g EPA and 2.0 g DHA (n=10) taken daily for 3-wk. Thereafter, all subjects (combination treatment; n=20) underwent another 3-wk treatment period consisting of a 10 mg active montelukast tablet or 10 active fish oil capsules taken daily. Results: While HIB was significantly inhibited (p,0.05) by montelukast, fish oil and combination treatment compared to pre-treatment, there was no significant difference (p.0.017) between treatment groups; percent fall in forced expiratory volume in 1-sec was 218.462.1%, 29.362.8%, 211.662.8% and 210.861.7% on usual diet (pre-treatment), fish oil, montelukast and combination treatment respectively. All three treatments were associated with a significant reduction (p,0.05) in FENO, exhaled breathe condensate pH and cysteinyl-leukotrienes, while the fish oil and combination treatment significantly reduced (p,0.05) urinary 9a ,1 1b-prostaglandin F2 after EVH compared to the usual diet; however, there was no significant difference (p.0.017) in these biomarkers between treatments. Conclusion: While fish oil and montelukast are both effective in attenuating airway inflammation and HIB, combining fish oil with montelukast did not confer a greater protective effect than either intervention alone. Fish oil supplementation should be considered as an alternative treatment for EIB. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00676468
A new species of Ogdoconta Butler (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Condicinae, Condicini) from southeastern Arizona, USA

A new species of Ogdoconta Butler (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Condicinae, Condicini) is described from the Patagonia Mountains, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, USA. Ogdoconta margareta sp. n., is related closely to Ogdoconta tacna (Barnes) from Texas. Modifications are proposed to a recently published key to the Ogdoconta species north of Mexico to allow identification of the new species.
Getting Students to Do Economics: An Introduction to Team-Based Learning

Team-Based Learning (TBL) is a highly structured form of cooperative learning that facilitates development of higher-order cognitive skills such as application, analysis and evaluation. In this paper, I discuss the basics of the TBL approach in the context of a data analysis course for economics majors and address some of the questions and concerns about TBL that are common among instructors new to the pedagogy. Data from student surveys suggest that this approach is highly engaging for students and encourages them to work more effectively on much more complex problems than would otherwise be possible.
LDL and free fatty acids increase proliferation and migration of estrogen receptor negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: involvement of ACAT1 and MAPK signaling

Cancer cells have a constant need for lipids for membrane construction. This need may be met by de novo biosynthesis or by increased uptake of exogenous lipids. Because biosynthesis requires energy...
Tomopeas Ravus Miller (Chiroptera)

Roosting habits, individual variation, and distribution of the rare Tomopeas ravus Miller are discussed. This is a "crevice bat" and it roosts under exfoliations of granite boulders and outcroppings in the desert regions of Peru.
Studies in Skin Distensibility

SummaryA simple method has been devised for the measurement of skin distensibility. Its application to the study of the physiology of the skin in edema and abdominal swellings is being made. Its importance as an objective method in following, quantitatively, the progress of scleroderma and other skin changes, as well as objectively evaluating the therapeutic procedures applied to these diseases is evident.
APOE, MAPT, and COMT and Parkinson’s Disease Susceptibility and Cognitive Symptom Progression

Background: Cognitive decline is well recognized in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and a major concern for patients and caregivers. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) are of interest related to their contributions to cognitive decline or dementia in PD. Objective: Here, we investigate whether APOE, COMT ,o rMAPT influence the rate of cognitive decline in PD patients. Methods: We relied on 634 PD patients and 879 controls to examine gene-PD susceptibility associations, and nested longitudinal cohort of 246 patients from the case-control study, which followed patients on average 5 years and 7.5 years into disease. We repeatedly assessed cognitive symptom progression with the MMSE and conducted a full neuropsychological battery on a subset of 183 cognitively normal patients. We used repeated-measures regression analyses to assess longitudinal associations between genotypes and cognitive progression scores. Results: The MAPT H1 haplotype was associated with PD susceptibility. APOE 4 carriers (4+) (p = 0.03) and possibly COMT Met/Met (p = 0.06) carriers exhibited faster annual decline on the MMSE. Additionally, APOE 4+ carriers showed faster decline in many of the neuropsychological test scores. No such differences in neuropsychological outcomes were seen for the COMT genotypes. Conclusion: This work supports a growing set of research identifying overlapping etiology and pathology between synucleinopathies, such as PD, Alzheimer’s disease, and tauopathies, especially in the context of cognitive dysfunction in PD. We provide support for the argument that APOE 4+ and COMT Met/Met genotypes can be used as predictors of faster cognitive decline in PD.
185 THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM SODIUM LEVELS ON PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

Introduction Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is common in preterm infants with up to 70% of newborns Methods A total of 86 infants ≤ 28 weeks and ≤ 1000 g were identified between Jan 2001 and Jan 2004. Diagnosis of a PDA was made by echocardiography and weights were normalized to birth weight (BW). The mean normalized weight and mean serum Na+ values over the first 7 DOL were computed for analysis. The relationship between the mean Na+ value and the incidence of diagnosed PDA or symptomatic PDA (treated with indomethacin or surgical ligation) was determined as a primary outcome. The relationships between mean Na+, normalized weight, incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (Grade 3-4 IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis, and death in the first 14 DOL were determined as secondary outcomes. Results Primary Outcome: Mean serum Na+ was similar between infants with and without PDA diagnosis (147 vs 145, p = .08). Infants with increased mean weight gain over BW had an increased incidence of PDA compared to infants with less mean weight gain (7% increase vs 1% increase, p = .017). Secondary Outcomes: Infants that died (n = 9) had higher mean Na+ levels (151 vs 145, p = .001) and increased weight gain over BW (13% increase v. 3% increase, p = .013) compared to infants who survived (n = 77). Infants with severe IVH (n = 20) had higher mean serum Na+ levels (150 vs 145, p Conclusion Mean serum Na+ does not appear to be related to the incidence of PDA, whereas increased weight gain over BW does. Although this study is limited by its small size and retrospective nature, the finding of worse outcomes in infants with higher serum Na+ values is concerning. The practice of targeting higher serum Na+ values in ELBW infants in the first week of life deserves further evaluation.
Surgical Enucleation for Renal Cell Carcinoma

The results of an enucleative operation in 33 patients with renal carcinoma present bilaterally or in a solitary kidney are reviewed. All of the excised tumors were low grade and the majority of the patients had pathological stage I renal carcinoma. Postoperative followup ranged from 9 to 156 months (mean 45 months). The 3-year actuarial survival rate was 90 per cent. Tumor recurred locally in 2 patients (6 per cent). We conclude that enucleation is a safe technique that can yield excellent tumor control in selected patients with renal carcinoma.
Idea-scape (yijing) : Understanding Imagery in the Chinese Poetic Tradition

(2015). Idea-scape (yijing) : Understanding Imagery in the Chinese Poetic Tradition. Comparative Literature: East & West: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 29-48.
Solution-processed high-k dielectric, ZrO 2, and integration in thin-film transistors

We report a sol–gel method to deposit a high-k dielectric, zirconium oxide (ZrO2). This solution-based approach has advantages of easy processing and low fabrication cost. Effects of annealing temperatures on dielectric properties, such as tunneling current density and capacitance density, are reported. Morphological and chemical characterizations suggest that the process temperature can be kept at or below 300°C. We have employed the solution-processed ZrO2 dielectric in a zinc tin oxide thin-film transistor. Saturation mobility of 4.0 cm2/V s at operating voltage of 2 V has been observed. The measured subthreshold swing is 74 mV/decade, which is the result of the combination of an electronically clean dielectric/semiconductor interface and high insulator capacitance.
The Bureaucratic Dimension to Risk Analysis: The Ultimate Uncertainty

This paper examines how bureaucracies respond to hazardous waste emergencies. In particular, the research has focused on the use of risk analysis techniques in the decision-making process as these techniques are affected by emotional public reactions to these emergencies. The study shows there is a direct relationship between the uncertain seriousness of the hazardous waste threat, the level of public emotional reaction, and the lack of rationality in the bureaucratic response. Hazardous waste threats are a special problem for state and local governments because of the difficult technical analytical problems they pose, the unknown (if not unknowable) nature and extent of the danger threatened, the willingness of the media to highlight governmental indecision and scientific speculation, and the extreme fear of the public ostensibly threatened. This study is based on the results of a 2-year study of hazardous waste decision-making processes in the state governments of Taxes and Maryland, and preliminary findings are presented.
Goal-Directed and Exploratory Search under Competing Demands for Attention: The Influence of Promotional Tools on Online Search Behavior

The Internet has spawned a host of online promotional tools such as email ad, banner ad, search ad, and shopping bot. Most website managers employ multiple online tools to attract prospective customers, yet there is little conceptual understanding of how those tools differ from one another. We present a theoretical model to compare the role of different online promotional tools in consumer behavior. The central thesis is that the online promotional tool used by a consumer to arrive at an online store reveals two characteristics of the consumer's search process. The first is the type of search being conducted by the consumer, that is, whether it is goal-directed or exploratory, and the second is the competing demands for the consumer’s attention. Based on prior research in consumer search, attention economics, and involvement, we develop a set of hypotheses linking the online promotional tool used by a consumer to arrive at an online store to the visit duration and purchase probability. We test the hypotheses on clickstream data obtained from a major e-Commerce firm. The results from the empirical analysis provide strong support to most of the hypotheses. The findings of our study have implications for effective allocation of online promotional tool dollars.