cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiological basis for tolerance of corn hybrids to foramsulfuron

Abstract Foramsulfuron (AE F130360) is a sulfonylurea herbicide for postemergence control of grasses and some broadleaf weeds in corn. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the physiological basis for differential tolerance of corn hybrids to foramsulfuron. Differences in corn tolerance were quantified by determining the herbicide rate required to cause injury and reduce corn height by 15% (GR15). Seven hybrids were screened in the greenhouse where GR15 values indicated that the some of the corn hybrids were sensitive to foramsulfuron. All but one of these hybrids exhibited an increase in tolerance when the safener, isoxadifen-ethyl, was applied with foramsulfuron. Experiments using 14C-foramsulfuron were conducted to determine whether isoxadifen-ethyl affected foramsulfuron absorption, translocation, and metabolism in two of the corn hybrids. There was no difference in absorption between a sensitive hybrid Novartis 58D1 and a more tolerant hybrid Novartis 59Q9, but the additio...
Business's environmental responsibility in Taiwan — Moral, legal or negotiated

This study explores both the negotiating styles and moral reasoning processes of business people and governmental officials in Taiwan, so as to provide a footing for “outsiders” when negotiating with Taiwanese over environmental concerns. Findings imply that Taiwanese business people and governmental officials can and will reason both at the conventional level and at the postconventional level of moral judgment. But, results of this study also indicate that Taiwanese negotiating styles do not necessarily match their levels of moral reasoning. With respect to pollution concerns, Taiwanese seem unwillingly to accept responsibility as autonomous individuals. Instead, responsibility is accepted when mandated by the law.
Core/Shell Composite of Self-Assembled Hierarchical Bismuth Oxide/Europium Doped Gadolinium Oxide for Scintillating Detection

A novel three dimensional (3D) self-assembled hierarchical bismuth oxide was prepared via a sol-gel synthesis with the aid of capping agent of polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG-8000) at 85 ℃ in 45 min. The morphology evolution was studied versus reaction time and interpreted in terms of growth mechanisms. The as-grown 3D hierarchical flower-like bismuth oxide was crystalline cubic gamma-phase. The morphology and crystal phase of these 3D cubic gamma-phase bismuth oxide flowers were not changed with heating up to 600 ℃. The flower-like morphology was attributed to modification of the growth kinetics by the capping agent from the PEG-OH bond bridging with bismuth ions. Europium doped gadolinium oxide shell were further deposited on the bismuth oxide cores through sol-gel synthesis showing good photoluminescence characteristics at 610 and 622 nm under the excitation at 280 nm.
Transmembrane Domain Modulates Sorting of Membrane Proteins in Toxoplasma gondii

Overlapping mechanisms that function simultaneously in the intracellular sorting of mammalian membrane proteins often confound delineation of individual sorting pathways. By analyzing sorting in the evolutionarily simpler organism Toxoplasma gondii, we demonstrate a role for transmembrane domain (TMD) length in modulating the signal-dependent segregation of membrane proteins to distinct intracellular organelles. The dense granule localization of the single pass transmembrane protein GRA4 could be completely rerouted to the Golgi and cell surface simply by replacement of its TMD with that from either vesicular stomatitis virus G or the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. Mutational and biochemical analyses suggested that this effect was not caused by any specific sequence motif or strength of membrane association of the GRA4 TMD. Instead, a property imparted by the vesicular stomatitis virus G or LDL receptor TMDs, both of which are longer than the GRA4 TMD, appeared to be a decisive factor. Indeed, shortening the LDL receptor TMD to a length similar to that of GRA4 resulted in dense granule localization, whereas lengthening the GRA4 TMD resulted in rerouting to the Golgi. From these data, we conclude that although the TMD may not necessarily be a sole determinant in membrane protein sorting, its properties can markedly modulate the utilization of more conventional signal-mediated sorting pathways.
Decomposition of elements of the automorphism group of a torus action, II

Let (~ be a torus acting smoothly (C °') and effectively on the compact connected C ~ manifold X. Let Er(X, G) be the group of equivariant dfffeomorphisms of class C r of X onto X such that each orbit is an invariant subset. If all isotropy subgroups are finite it is known that Er(x, G) can be given the structure of a Banach Lie group (1 ~ r ~ o0) in the following way. Given [ in Er(X, G) there is a unique C r map • : X -~ G such that [(x) = ~(x)x for all x in X. The correspondence of ~ with [ allows identification of Er(X, G) with a Banach Lie subgroup of the Banach Lie group Ct(X, (7) [6]. In this paper we show that the finiteness of all isotropy subgroups is necessary condition. Indeed, if some point in X has an infinite isotropy subgroup, then for each nonnegative integer r there exists an element [r of Er+I(X,G) and an element ~r of Cr(X,G)- cr+I(X,G) such that It(x)-~ ~r(X)X for all x in X. Before proceeding with the proof of our result, we require the following computational proposition, which is proven in [7].
Reforming the “President”: The Individual as Leader

Proposals to reform the presidency fall into three increasingly exclusive categories. The most inclusive are those that focus on reforming the American political system and by doing so altering the balance of power within the government, usually in favor of the chief executive. The effort to strengthen the party system is probably the most prominent representative of this orientation. Other proposals, such as a presidential item veto, would increase the president's power on a more modest scale but still require change in the fundamental rules of the game.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of a left atrial myxoma found attached to the free left atrial wall

The echocardiographic diagnosis of a left atrial myxoma is described. This was later confirmed by cardiac catheterization and the tumor removed at operation. The myxoma was found to arise from the free left atrial wall and no such case diagnosed by echocardiography has previously been reported. The possibility of false negative and false positive echocardiographic findings is discussed. Echocardiography is an accurate, atraumatic, and rapid diagnostic technique which can be used as a simple screening procedure in cardiac evaluations.
Choosing the Method of Sale: A Clinical Study of Conrail

Abstract This paper analyzes the sale of Conrail (Consolidated Rail Corporation) and finds three problems: first, a contingent claim gave the seller (the U.S. Government) conflicting objectives; second, bidders in the auction valued Conrail differently and thus did not compete effectively; and third, Conrail's management had an information advantage over the seller and outside bidders. These three factors can be present in any corporate divestiture and will tend to decrease the seller's revenue. We discuss how different methods of sale (e.g., two-stage auctions and parallel secret negotiations) will counteract these problems to varying degrees, although we find no single ‘best’ method.
Toward the Study of Trans-Disease Processes: A Novel Approach With Special Reference to the Study of Co-morbidity

The objective of this article was to propose a novel approach, referred to as the study of trans-disease processes (TDPs), to the neuroscientific study of disease processes in general and to co-morbid diseases in particular. The features of this approach are outlined; one potential TDP—delay discounting, which may help account for the co-morbidity of cigarette smoking and schizophrenia—is explored; and the concept of TDPs is contrasted with the concept of endophenotypes. TDPs have the potential for a variety of positive impacts on science.
On accessing data in high-dimensional spaces: a comparative study of three space partitioning strategies

while experience shows that contemporary multi-dimensional access methods perform poorly in high-dimensional spaces, little is known about the underlying causes of this important problem. One of the factors that has a profound effect on the performance of a multi-dimensional structure in high-dimensional situations is its space partitioning strategy. This paper investigates the partitioning strategies of KDB-trees, the Pyramid Technique, and a new point access method called the Θs Technique. The paper reveals important dimensionality problems associated with these strategies and shows how each strategy affects the retrieval performance across a range of spaces with varying dimensionalities. The Pyramid Technique, which is frequently regarded as the state-of-the-art access method for high-dimensional data, suffers from numerous problems that become particularly severe with highly skewed data in heavily, sparse spaces. Although the partitioning strategy of KDB-trees incurs several problems in high-dimensional spaces, it exhibits a remarkable adaptability to the changing data distributions. However, the experimental evidence gathered on both simulated and real data sets shows that the Θs Technique generally outperforms the other two schemes in high-dimensional spaces, usually by a significant margin.
Ocean-bottom seismometer observations of seismic activity at Loihi Seamount, Hawaii

This study reports the result of deep ocean-bottom seismometer recording of an undersea volcanic event in progress. An array of five three-component, isolated sensor ocean-bottom seismometers (ISOBS) was deployed for 28 days on the summit and flanks of Loihi Seamount, Hawaii, to monitor seismicity. The deployment was prompted by reports from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) of a swarm of small-magnitude events located beneath the active submarine volcano in late September, 1986. Monitoring of this earthquake swarm by the University of Hawaii commenced 1 October 1986. Although seismicity tapered off rapidly after 11 October, more than 200 events were located. Systematic changes in spatial clustering during the initial swarm activity suggest changing patterns of stress within this crustal volume, possibly due to induced stress resulting from magma movement in the underlying crust or deep portions of the edifice. Most of the very shallow (< 10 km) events were located beneath the summit and southwest flank of the elongate edifice. No shallow tremor was observed despite a search through the data, although such tremor may have ceased prior to deployment of the ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS). Constraints on the association between seismicity and observed topographic and tectonic elements of Loihi are also of primary importance. Many of the earthquakes located near the steep flanks generated rock falls that were recorded on the OBSs. This is consistent with the results of dredge and bottom photography data indicating that the flanks are covered with fragments of shattered lava pillows and flows. Dike intrusion and mass wasting are major influences on the morphology of Loihi. Intact flows have been observed near the deep portion of the south rift zone; however, few events were located in that region during this swarm.
On babies and bathwater: Disease impact and negative affectivity in the self-reports of persons with rheumatoid arthritis.

The degree to which self-reports of health and functioning reflect negativity (NA), a dispositional tendency to emphasize the negative, was examined with data from a 7-year longitudinal study of adaptation to rheumatoid arthritis. Principal component analyses performed on each of 8 waves of data consistently indicated that the dominant factor in these data was defined by measures of pain and functional impairment. In the final wave, Disease Impact, a scale derived from this component, was directly compared to NA. The 2 scales demonstrated considerable discriminant validity, and most of the significant intercorrelations among Disease Impact and the other variables examined remained statistically significant after the influence of NA was partialed out. These results suggest that reports of pain, impairment, and associated variables reflected disease-related outcomes and processes and not simply NA.
Rethinking the “Golden Age”: Jewish-Christian Relations in Pre-Modern Poland

This paper addresses the question of the “golden age” present in Polish and Jewish historiographies. It demonstrates that though the idea of the “golden age” was embraced by both Polish Christian and Jewish historians, they never applied it to Jewish-Christian relations. This paper looks at the myths of the golden age and the age of decline in both historiographies by juxtaposing them with archival documents that complicate both the idea of the “zenith” or “golden age” of the 16th century and that of the decline and crisis of the 17th century.
Binding of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to AhR-interacting protein. The role of hsp90.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown to interact with an immunophilin-like molecule known as AhR-interacting protein (AIP) and to enhance AhR function. We show here that AIP associates with AhR homologues from mouse and fish, which can bind ligands such as dioxin, but nonligand binding homologues fromCaenorhabditis elegans or Drosophila do not bind to AIP. However, a minimal ligand-binding domain of the AhR is incapable of binding AIP. The binding of AIP to AhR in reticulocyte lysate shows several of the characteristics of an hsp90-dependent process, including sensitivity to geldanamycin and temperature and a requirement for ATP or nonhydrolyzable analogues. Purified AIP binds to the C terminus of hsp90, and mutation of a conserved basic residue in the tetratricopeptide repeats of AIP (K266A, analogous to K97A in protein phosphatase 5) abolishes binding to hsp90. Mutation of K266A in AIP reduces binding to AhR by 75–80%; the geldanamycin sensitivity of this complex shows that AhR stabilizes the AIP-hsp90-AhR complex. The α-helical C terminus of AIP, which is outside the tetratricopeptide repeat domain, is absolutely required for binding to AhR as shown by deletions of the C-terminal 5 amino acids or alanine-scanning mutagenesis, but it is not required for binding of AIP to hsp90. The data support a model where 1) AIP binds to both hsp90 and AhR; 2) hsp90 is required for AhR-AIP binding; and 3) the binding of AhR to AIP stabilizes the AIP-hsp90-AhR complex.
The role of Ang (1-7) in mediating the chronic hypotensive effects of losartan in normal rats.

HypothesisThe following studies were designed to test the hypothesis that Ang (1-7) contributes to the chronic hypotensive effects of the angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist, losartan, in normal rats.IntroductionWe have previously shown a chronic, hypotensive response to the AT1-receptor antagonist, losartan, in normotensive rats. The mechanism of this response is not completely understood. Previous studies by others have demonstrated a role for Ang (1-7) in the beneficial antihypertensive effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. This is thought to be due to vasodilatory effects of increased levels of Ang (1-7) during ACE inhibition. Since it has now been shown that Ang (1-7) levels are also increased during AT1 antagonism, we designed experiments to test the hypothesis above.Materials and methodsSprague-Dawley rats were instrumented with venous catheters and radiotelemetric pressure transducers and commenced on a normal (0.4%) NaCl diet. Arterial pressure responses were measured in r...
Scalable parallel algorithm for configuration planning for self-reconfiguring robots

In this paper we present algorithms for planning the motion of robotic Molecules on a substrate of other Molecules. Our approach is to divide self-reconfiguration planning into three levels: trajectory planning, configuration planning, and task-level planning. This paper focuses on algorithms for configuration planning, moving a set of Molecules from a starting configuration to a goal configuration. We describe our scaffold planning approach in which the interior of a structure contains 3D tunnels. This allows Molecules to move within a structure as well as on the surface, simplifying Molecule motion planning as well as increasing parallelism. In addition, we present a new gripper-type connection mechanism for the Molecule which does not require power to maintain connections.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Managing Users' Expectations of E-books

ABSTRACT The authors discuss the status quo regarding the e-book landscape that users must currently learn to traverse. A case is made for proactive action on the part of librarians in finding ways to minimize the expectations of e-book users while streamlining the electronic resources acquisitions and access processes. Additionally, the computational capabilities of e-books are discussed in terms of how their presence is altering the way traditional rudimentary skills are taught or measured in several engineering disciplines.
Stage-related models of psychotherapy with children.

This report attempts to identify and define the parameters of contemporary child psychotherapy. Universal elements and stages of unidimensional and multidimensional psychotherapy are described and illustrated. The modern child psychotherapist has a grasp of multiple theoretical frameworks—learning, systems, psychobiological, as well as psycho-dynamic and developmental. He/She applies them in practice which combines emotional, cognitive, and behavioral (and biological) strategies—an eclectic but integrated process which is suited to the individual needs of each child patient and family.
Salt marsh vegetation recovery at salt hay farm wetland restoration sites on Delaware Bay

Abstract Public Service Enterprise Group's (PSEG) Estuary Enhancement Program (EEP) restored normal daily tidal inundation and drainage to three previously diked farm sites totaling 1780 ha during the period 1996–1998 along the shoreline of the Delaware Estuary in New Jersey, USA. Normal tidal exchange was either prevented or altered by the construction of dikes and water control structures that were used to promote the growth of high marsh “salt hay” species, such as salt meadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) and salt grass (Distichlis spicata) at elevations below mean high tide. These elevations would normally support low marsh species, such as smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Prior to restoration these sites were either un-vegetated due to excessive ponding associated with poor drainage or vegetated with “salt hay” species as well as common reed (Phragmites australis). Extensive S. alterniflora marshes occur in the vicinity of each site at similar elevations and these marshes were relied on as the source of seed for the re-establishment of S. alterniflora on the restoration sites; thus, no other planting or seeding was implemented to initiate re-vegetation. Vegetation coverage at the restoration sites as well as a naturally restored reference marsh was determined during 1996–2003 utilizing geo-referenced remote sensing data and geographic information system (GIS) analyses. Coverage by S. alterniflora or other desirable low marsh vegetation exceeded that required by New Jersey authorities to meet the restoration goal at two sites 8 years ahead of the anticipated 12-year period and re-vegetation of the third site is expected to meet its goal within the established 12-year period. Annual vegetation coverage data have been integral components of an adaptive management program utilized by PSEG to manage the restoration process at each of the sites.
Application of bioreactor design principles to plant micropropagation

Principles of oxygen consumption, oxygen transport, suspension, and mixing are discussed in the context of propagating aggregates of plant tissue in liquid suspension bioreactors. Although micropropagated plants have a relatively low biological oxygen demand (BOD), the relatively large tissue size and localization of BOD in meristematic regions will typically result in oxygen mass transfer limitations in liquid culture. In contrast to the typical focus of bioreactor design on gas–liquid mass transfer, it is shown that media-solid mass transfer limitations limit oxygen available for aerobic plant tissue respiration. Approaches to improve oxygen availability through gas supplementation and bioreactor pressurization are discussed. The influence of media components on oxygen availability are also quantified for plant culture media. Experimental studies of polystyrene beads in suspension in a 30-l air-lift and stirred bioreactors are used to illustrate design principles for circulation and mixing. Potential limitations to the use of liquid suspension culture due to plant physiological requirements are acknowledged.
Modification of a high performance epoxy matrix with poly(arylene ether-co-imidazole)s

Abstract In an effort to improve toughness N,N,N′,N′ -tetraglycidyl-4,4′ diaminodiphenyl methane (TGMDA) was modified with poly(arylene ether- co -imidazole)s (PAE- co -Is). The PAE- co -Is contain imidazole units distributed randomly along the backbone which react with the epoxies upon curing. A system modified with 10% w/w high molecular weight polymer exhibited increases in fracture toughness of 1.7 times that of the unmodified system; however, controlled molecular weight PAE- co -Is were required to retain processablility. Modification also resulted in significant decreases in the tetrahydrofuran sensitivity. Scanning electron photomicrographs of the fractured surface showed stress whitening with no clear phase separation whereas poly(arylene ether)s without imidazole groups exhibited gross phase separation.
Endogenous Posthepatic Insulin Secretion and Metabolic Clearance Rates in the Neonatal Lamb

Summary To confirm posthepatic insulin availability in the neonatal Posthepatic insulin availability has been evaluated by steadystate insulin turnover studies with 1311-insulin. Spontaneously delivered term (age 3.3 f 0.8 days) (mean S.E.) and prematurely delivered lambs (betamathasone treated at 132 days) (age, 1.1 f 0.2 days) were compared with 4- to 5-month-old sheep. After a 7hr fast, animals received 0.45% saline or 5.7 mg/kg/min glucose (0.06 ml/kg/min) for dhr followed by the tracer insulin infusion for 110 min. Plasma glucose, insulin, and immunoprecipitable insulin were measured sequentially during the steady state. Endogenous posthepatic insulin secretion and metabolic clearance rates were derived. Neither endogenous posthepatic insulin secretion rates nor metabolic clearance rates were different among the three groups of animals when either 0.45% saline or 5.7 mg/kg/ min exogenous glucose infusions were compared. Secretory response of the pancreatic /3 cell to continuous glucose infusion seems similar for the term and preterm lamb when compared to adult sheep. Speculation Secretory capability of the pancreatic fl cell does not account for imprecise control of endogenous glucose production previously noted in a neonatal lamb model.
Multinuclear magnetic resonance studies on serine protease transition state analogues.

31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies were performed on mono- and diisopropylphosphoryl derivatives of α-chymotrypsin, trypsin, and subtilisin. Questions addressed included the pKa of the active center Asp…His…Ser traid in both species. While the pKa in the diisopropylphosphoryl derivatives is near 7.4 (found in this and other laboratories earlier) and reflects a nearly normal imidazolium titration curve, the apparent pKa in the monoisopropylphosphoryl enzymes (obtained by “aging” of the diisopropylphosphoryl derivatives and monitored by 31P NMR) is between 9.7 and 11.4 depending on the protease. This latter “titration” of the 31P NMR signal is reversible and presumably reflects the interaction of the imidazolium positive charge with the monoanionic phosphodiester. Of the two tetrahedral intermediates, the properties of the monoisopropylphosphoryl enzyme are probably more representative of the tetrahedral oxyanionic intermediate invoked during peptide hydrolysis. The same NMR technique was used to determine the action of PAM (pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide, a known “antidote” for acetylcholinesterase inactivated by diisopropylfluorophosphate), on the inactivated enzymes. It was clear that the “antidote” could reverse the diisopropylphosphorylation but was ineffective on the monoisopropylphosphoryl (“aged”) enzyme. 11B NMR studies were performed on phenylboronic (PBA) acid and 3,5-bis-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid in the absence and presence of chymotrypsin and subtilisin. At 22°C the former, but not the latter, compound was in fast exchange between the free and enzyme bound states. The relaxation parameters could be calculated for the bound PBA in chymotrypsin and the fluorinated analogue in subtilisin and clearly indicated that the boron nucleus was tetrahedral in the active centers, a good analogue for the tetrahedral oxyanionic intermediate.
The role of simulation in planning

Theoretical work in automated planning research has shown that the popular methods used for doing automated planning either cannot be extended into real world domains, or are computationally intractable. This paper discusses the paradigm of simulation-based planning which attempts to overcome these difficulties. Simulation-based planning uses some simulation techniques to gather information for guiding the planner. The resulting system can handle more complex domains with much improved performance over previous systems, while making only a small compromise in completeness. Implemented systems are described.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DECISION TO PROSECUTE ECONOMIC CRIME

Increasing attention to the area of economic crime has raised questions about the abilities of social control agencies to handle this phenomenon effectively. While some research has focused on federal and state enforcement procedures, little is known about how local agencies attempt to deal with this form of crime. This study of a local county economic crime unit utilizes a logit analysis procedure to identify those factors which appear related to the decision to prosecute a case of economic crime. The analysis suggests that cases in which the defendant is an individual, the victim is an organization, and there is more than one victim more frequently result in prosecution. A theoretical framework emphasizing the demand for performance statistics in the face of limited resources is used as a means of explaining the observed pattern in the data.
Developmental toxicity evaluation of acrylamide in rats and mice

Abstract Acrylamide (ACRL), a widely used industrial chemical with neurotoxic effects, was evaluated for developmental toxicity. ACRL in distilled water was administered once daily by gavage on gestational days (gd) 6–17 to mice (0, 3, 15, or 45 mg/kg) and on gd 6–20 to rats (0, 2.5, 7.5, or 15 mg/kg). Following termination (gd 17, mice; gd 20, rats) fetuses were examined for exernal, visceral, and skeletal malformations. Maternal toxicity during treatment was observed at the highest dose as reduced body weight gain in both species and hindlimb splaying in treated mice only. Weight gain corrected for gravid uterine weight was also reduced in rats at 7.5 and 15 mg/kg/day. Embryo/fetal toxicity was not observed in rats, but fetal weight was reduced in mice administered 45 mg/kg/day. No increase in the incidence of malformations was observed in either species; however, the incidence of variations (predominately extra rib) increased with dose. In summary, administration of ACRL during organogenesis produced maternal and developmental toxicity at 45 mg/kg/day in mice and maternal, but not developmental, toxicity at doses ≥ 7.5 mg/kg/day in rats.
Biodegradability of photooxidized polyalkylenes

Representative polyolefin films were exposed to UC radiation from light sources having different intensities and spectral distribution including the quartz mercury arc, fluorescent lamps, xenon arc, and sunlight. Films exposed were polyethylene, polypropylene, and sensitized polyethylene. The oligomer fractions were separated from the high polymer and were challenged microbiologically. The oligomer fractions supported microbial growth, but the high polymers gave minimal or no growth. It was concluded that photooxidative degradation of polyolefins does not per se induce progressive attack by microorganisms. Oligomers present originally in the polymer are augmented by those produced by photooxidation. These oligomers support growth if separated from the polymer matrix. These observations explain some of the contradictory reports in the literature concerning the microbial degradation of sensitized polyolefins. 24 references, 10 figures, 5 tables.
A radiographic recall evaluation of 894 endodontic cases treated in a dental school setting.

A radiographic recall evaluation of 894 endodontic cases treated by dental students at the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry was conducted by faculty. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of standardized nonsurgical endodontic treatments by using radiographic techniques of determination and to compare the results to similar studies at other dental schools. Cases were labeled as successful, acceptable, questionable, and failing. Observations included time since treatment, age, gender, and tooth type. The combined percentage of successful and acceptable cases was 91.05%. Differences in percentage of success among recall time intervals were statistically significant (p 0.05). The overall rate of successful and acceptable cases in this study was found to compare favorably with those from recall studies conducted at other dental schools.
Particle dynamics and particle heat and mass transfer in thermal plasmas. Part I. The motion of a single particle without thermal effects

A particle injected into a thermal plasma will experience a number of effects which are not present in an ordinary gas. In this paper effects exerted on the motion of a particle will be reviewed and analyzed in the context of thermal plasma processing of materials. The primary purpose of this paper is an assessment of the relative importance of various effects on particle motion. Computer experiments are described, simulating motion of a spherical particle in a laminar, confined plasma jet or in a turbulent, free plasma jet. Particle sizes range from 5 to 50 µm, and as sample materials alumina and tungsten are considered. The results indicate that (i) the correction term required for the viscous drag coefficient due to strongly varying properties is the most important factor; (ii) non-continuum effects are important for particle sizes <10 µm at atmospheric pressure and these effects will be enhanced for smaller particles and/or reduced pressures; (iii) the Basset history term is negligible, unless relatively large and light particles are considered over long processing distances; (iv) thermophoresis is not crucial for the injection of particles into thermal plasmas; (v) turbulent dispersion becomes important for particle <10 µm in diameter.
Isoform-specific Differences between the Type Iα and IIα Cyclic AMP-dependent Protein Kinase Anchoring Domains Revealed by Solution NMR

Abstract Cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) is controlled, in part, by the subcellular localization of the enzyme (1). Discovery of dual specificityanchoring proteins(d-AKAPs) indicates that not only is the type II, but also the type I, enzyme localized (2). It appears that the type I enzyme is localized in a novel, dynamic fashion as opposed to the apparent static localization of the type II enzyme. Recently, the structure of the dimerization/docking (D/D) domain from the type II enzyme was solved (3). This work revealed an X-type four-helix bundle motif with a hydrophobic patch that modulates AKAP interactions. To understand the dynamic versus static localization of PKA, multidimensional NMR techniques were used to investigate the structural features of the type I D/D domain. Our results indicate a conserved helix-turn-helix motif in the type I and type II D/D domains. However, important differences between the two domains are evident in the extreme NH2 terminus: this region is extended in the type II domain, whereas it is helical in the type I protein. The NH2-terminal residues in RIIα contain determinants for anchoring, and the orientation and packing of this helical element in the RIα structure may have profound consequences in the recognition surface presented to the AKAPs.
Checking causality of interconnects through minimum-phase and all-pass decomposition

Causality check and enforcement is practically important to the performance evaluation for interconnects based on time domain simulation. In this paper one causality check method based on minimum-phase and all-pass decomposition is proposed. Compared with conventional time domain approach, uncertainties from Gibbs error are bypassed. In contrast with conventional frequency domain methods, this method does not require whole frequency band information put by the Hilbert transform process. The effectiveness of propose method is demonstrated through numerical examples, as well as measured s-parameters
Near-Minimum-Time Control of a Flexible One-Link Robot

In this paper, a digital algorithm is developed to obtain a feedforward function which not only yields near-minimum-time trajectory but also damps out vibration in the controlled modes of a flexible one-link robot. The results from numerical simulations are presented for links with two different sets of parameters. It is found that the `move-time' for this algorithm is close to that for the time-optimal control. Also, the effects of control-spillover phenomenon which result in residual vibration are small.
Contribution of Cyclooxygenase-2 to Elevated Biosynthesis of Thromboxane A2 and Prostacyclin in Cigarette Smokers

Background— Cigarette smoking is highly pathogenic to the vasculature. In smokers, the biosynthesis of both thromboxane (Tx) A2 and prostacyclin is increased. We hypothesized that the excess in prostacyclin biosynthesis in smokers was derived from the inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We further hypothesized that if the overproduction of prostacyclin in smokers were restraining platelet activation, then inhibition of COX-2 would lead to an increase in the activation of platelets, with a corresponding increase in the biosynthesis of TxA2. Methods and Results— Smokers and nonsmokers received rofecoxib 25 mg twice daily or placebo for 1 week each in random sequence. The systemic biosynthesis of TxA2 and prostacyclin was assessed by analysis of their respective urinary metabolites, 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (Tx-M) and 2′3-donor–6-keto-PGF1α (PGI-M). Serum TxB2 was measured as an indicator of platelet COX-1 activity. Results are expressed as mean±SE with median and range. The elevated PGI-M in smokers (189±25...
The Conviction of Things Not Seen: A Tribute to Hal Berman

Harold J. Berman was a professor of law, a religious scholar, and a personal mentor to the author of this tribute. This tribute pays homage to Hal Berman’s faith and how he shared his perspective on the “conviction of things not seen.” Rather than a review of Hal’s scholarly works, this article is a testament to his character and the story of one of the many he inspired.
6-Bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-6-deoxy-D-[14C(U)]-glucose

14C-Labeled 6-bis-(2-chloroethyl)amino-6-deoxy-D-glucose hydrochloride was prepared from D-[14C(U)]-glucose for DNA binding studies.
Antimicrobial multidrug resistance and coresistance patterns of Mannheimia haemolytica isolated from bovine respiratory disease cases—a three-year (2009–2011) retrospective analysis

Bovine respiratory disease continues to be the most important ailment of feed yard cattle. While the disease is multifactorial in nature, therapy continues to target the primary bacterial pathogens, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni. A survey of records from a single diagnostic laboratory was conducted to evaluate the percentage of M. haemolytica isolates that were resistant to multiple antimicrobials and if coresistance patterns could be detected. All susceptibility test results for M. haemolytica recovered from lung tissues of cattle were eligible for inclusion in the survey. There were no isolates over the course of the analysis that were resistant to all 6 antimicrobials, primarily due to a lack of resistance to ceftiofur. In 2009, just over 5% of isolates were resistant to 5 or more antimicrobials (pan-resistant). In 2011, more than 35% of the M. haemolytica isolates were characterized as pan-resistant. Significant antimicrobial coresistance patterns were only seen with oxytetracycline and tilmicosin; bacterial isolates that were resistant to either oxytetracycline or tilmicosin were more likely to be resistant to at least one other antimicrobial. The mechanisms by which M. haemolytica is developing multidrug resistance warrant investigation if antimicrobial utility in the therapy of bovine respiratory disease is to be preserved.
Sharing work, experience, interpretation, and maybe even meanings between natural and artificial agents

Multi-user virtual environments (MUVEs) are becoming increasingly popular as environments where humans and artificial agents can share collaboratively the use of a variety of different information processing and visualization tools. The paper builds on a new concept, first proposed at the NIST 1996 Semiotics conference that MUVEs provide an exciting testbed for developing new semiotic concepts and mathematical foundations. The approach is to provide a computer-mediated, instrumented environment in which all agents' actions are observable, permitting an analytic basis for recording and analyzing all agents interactions and results. The hope is that this 'shared experience' and common interpretations within a defined context will allow the development of notations that represent the 'meanings' among agents in that environment.
The neurobiology of social attachment: A comparative approach to behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical studies

The formation and maintenance of social bonds in adulthood is an essential component of human health. However studies investigating the underlying neurobiology of such behaviors have been scarce. Microtine rodents offer a unique comparative animal model to explore the neural processes responsible for pair bonding and its associated behaviors. Studies using monogamous prairie voles and other related species have recently offered insight into the neuroanatomical, neurobiological, and neurochemical underpinnings of social attachment. In this review, we will discuss the utility of the microtine rodents in comparative studies by exploring their natural history and social behavior in the laboratory. We will then summarize the data implicating vasopressin, oxytocin, and dopamine in the regulation of pair bonding. Finally, we will discuss the ways in which these neurochemical systems may interact to mediate this complex behavior.
Visual-inertial UAV attitude estimation using urban scene regularities

We present a drift-free attitude estimation method that uses image line segments for the correction of accumulated errors in integrated gyro rates when an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operates in urban areas. Since man-made environments generally exhibit strong regularity in structure, a set of line segments that are either parallel or orthogonal to the gravitational direction can provide visual measurements for the absolute attitude from a calibrated camera. Line segments are robustly classified with the assumption that a single vertical vanishing point or multiple horizontal vanishing points exist. In the fusion with gyro angles, we introduce a new Kalman update step that directly uses line segments rather than vanishing points. The simulation and experiment based on urban images at distant views are provided to demonstrate that our method can serve as a robust visual attitude sensor for aerial robot navigation.
Membranous nephropathy: not just a disease for adults.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an immune complex-mediated cause of the nephrotic syndrome that can occur in all age groups, from infants to the elderly. While systemic disorders such as hepatitis B infection or lupus may more frequently cause secondary MN in the younger population, primary or “idiopathic” MN has generally been considered a disease of adults. Recent progress in our understanding of primary disease was recently made when the target antigen in primary MN was identified as the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). Circulating anti-PLA2R antibodies may serve both as a diagnostic tool for distinguishing primary from secondary disease and as a biomarker for monitoring the immunologic activity of this organ-specific autoimmune disease during treatment. Whereas definitive therapy for secondary forms of MN should be targeted at the underlying cause, immunosuppressive therapy is often necessary for primary disease. Alkylating agents in combination with corticosteroids, as well as calcineurin inhibitors (± steroids), are first line agents due to randomized controlled trials in an adult population with relatively long durations of follow-up. However, rituximab, mycophenolate and adrenocorticotropic hormone have shown promise in smaller and/or observational studies. The optimal therapy for children and adolescents with MN is less well defined.
Voltage Regulation and Overcurrent Protection Issues in Distribution Feeders with Distributed Generation - A Case Study

The installation of distributed generation (DG) on distribution feeders is known to have an impact on voltage regulation. A DG can provide voltage support in some cases, but can also cause an overvoltage or an undervoltage, depending on the several variables including relative DG size and location, distribution line and load characteristics, and method of voltage regulation. This paper shed some light the impact of DGs on voltage regulation and on overcurrent protection. These impacts are investigated on a feasibility study concerning the installation of a 5 MW grid-tied PV system to a local distribution system.
Unobtrusive Practices of Contention in Leninist Regimes

This article broadens understanding of the mobilization- repression relationship by drawing on materials from eastern European Leninist regimes. It identie es " unobtrusive practices of contention" as an important yet understudied and undertheorized element of political con- tention in repressive regimes. Three general forms of unobtrusive practices are identie ed. First, oppositional speech situations are settings in which participants use tacitly understood rules about what can and cannot be said to criticize the regime and " tell the truth." Second, duplicitous groups and organizations are ofe cially recognized associations where oppositional speech tends to cluster. This allows for denser and more continuous inter- action that imparts to them a mildly oppositional milieu. Third, dissident circles are the most contentious and least unobtrusive form of opposition. They blur the public-private distinction by emphasizing innovative public tactics such as samizdat press and access to foreign media. All three forms are precursors to public protest and the appearance of movement organiza- tions during white-hot mobilization phases.
All-trans-Retinoic Acid Represses Obesity and Insulin Resistance by Activating both Peroxisome Proliferation-Activated Receptor β/δ and Retinoic Acid Receptor

Many biological activities of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) are mediated by the ligand-activated transcription factors termed retinoic acid receptors (RARs), but this hormone can also activate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ). We show here that adipocyte differentiation is accompanied by a shift in RA signaling which, in mature adipocytes, allows RA to activate both RARs and PPARβ/δ, thereby enhancing lipolysis and depleting lipid stores. In vivo studies using a dietary-induced mouse model of obesity indicated that onset of obesity is accompanied by downregulation of adipose PPARβ/δ expression and activity. RA treatment of obese mice induced expression of PPARβ/δ and RAR target genes involved in regulation of lipid homeostasis, leading to weight loss and improved insulin responsiveness. RA treatment also restored adipose PPARβ/δ expression. The data indicate that suppression of obesity and insulin resistance by RA is largely mediated by PPARβ/δ and is further enhanced by activation of RARs. By targeting two nuclear receptors, RA may be a uniquely efficacious agent in the therapy and prevention of the metabolic syndrome.
Contribution of linear mechanisms to the specification of local motion by simple cells in areas 17 and 18 of the cat.

A reverse correlation technique, which permits estimation of three-dimensional first-order properties of receptive fields (RFs), was applied to simple cells in areas 17 and 18 of cat. Two classes of simple cells were found. For one class, the spatial and temporal RF characteristics were separable, i.e. they could be synthesized as the product of spatial and temporal weighting functions. RFs in the other class were inseparable, i.e. bright and dark subregions comprising each field were obliquely oriented in space-time. Based on a linear superposition model, these observations led to testable hypotheses: (1) simple cells with separable space-time characteristics should be speed but not direction selective and (2) simple cells with inseparable space-time characteristics should be direction selective and the optimal velocity of moving stimuli should be predictable from the slope of the oriented subregions. These hypotheses were tested by comparing responses to moving bars with those predicted by application of the convolution integral. Linear predictions accounted for waveforms of responses to moving bars in detail. For cells with oriented space-time characteristics, the preferred direction was always predicted correctly and the optimal speed was predicted quite well. Most cells with separable space-time characteristics were not direction selective as predicted. The major discrepancies between measured and predicted behavior were twofold. First, 8/32 cells with separable space-time RFs were direction selective. Second, predicted directional indices were weakly correlated with actual measurements. These conclusions hold for simple cells in both areas 17 and 18. The major difference between simple RFs in these areas is the coarser spatial scale seen in area 18. These results demonstrate a significant linear contribution to the speed and direction selectivity of simple cells in areas 17 and 18. Where additional, nonlinear mechanisms are inferred, they appear to act synergistically with the linear mechanism.