cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mad Soul for Joe: The Sociological and Epistemological Kincheloe

In a commemoration, I celebrate the crucial impact that the critically-minded Joe Kincheloe had on me as a human being. I briefly discuss his sociological and epistemological stance and then get to what really matters to me about him. He helped me forge a way through southern poverty and one-dimensionality by igniting a passion for learning and helping me to sharpen my critical self and social perceptions in order to better explain inequality, power, whiteness, southern disposition, and racism. I celebrate Joe’s penetrating analysis of the ways our social institutions (schools, media, churches, the state apparatus) work to inform, shape, our consciousness such that we come to regulate how we experience ourselves according to the needs and demands of the powerful and eventually become complicit in regulating our own demise in accordance with the dictates of the powerful. Through art Joe and we describe ourselves and our humanity.
Primary care and chronic disease: the intersection of comfort and specialty involvement - a cross-sectional study.

Background Primary care referrals to specialty physicians play an integral role in patient care and health care costs. Multiple factors play into the primary care physician's decision to refer, including comfort managing particular conditions. As the burden of chronic disease climbs, the relationship between patients, primary care physicians and specialists in accurately diagnosing, managing and treating chronic conditions needs clarity. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between specialty physician involvement and the care of three chronic conditions: diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods To achieve this objective, we performed a cross-sectional study of 2013 MarketScan data (875 million billing records) for three chronic medical conditions. Participants were identified in the dataset by having received a diagnosis code for DM, CKD or SLE in an outpatient care setting during 2013. The study compared proportions of outpatient visits with specialty physicians in endocrinology, nephrology and rheumatology for patients with DM, CKD and SLE respectively. Results Data included 1 615 609 visits with the diagnosis of DM, 158 424 visits with the diagnosis of CKD and 103 910 visits with SLE. Diabetic patients met endocrinologists (10.2%) at a smaller proportion of their visits than patients with CKD saw nephrologists (41.2%, P < 0.0001). Further, CKD patients met with nephrologists (41.2%) at a significantly fewer proportion of outpatient visits than SLE patients saw rheumatologists (51.8%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions Differences in primary care physicians' comfort with diagnosis, therapy and adherence to published guidelines affect the rate with which primary care providers seek specialty consultation.
A brief information-motivation-behavioral skills intervention to promote human papillomavirus vaccination among college-aged women.

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is prevalent among college-aged women. Although HPV vaccines decrease women's risk for cervical cancer, the vaccination rates remain inadequate. Objective This study explored the utility of an information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) intervention in promoting HPV vaccination knowledge, motivation, and intentions among college-aged women. Methods In Spring/Fall 2012, 62 participants were randomly assigned to a single-session intervention or attention control and were assessed baseline, post-intervention, and at 1 month. Results The participants demonstrated adequate baseline vaccine knowledge, low HPV/cancer knowledge, and ambivalence about the vaccination. Post-intervention, the IMB arm demonstrated increased HPV/cancer and vaccination knowledge, motivation, and intentions. There were no group differences in vaccination at 1 month; however, the odds of wanting to get vaccinated increased sevenfold in the IMB arm. Conclusion These results provide preliminary support for an IMB-based intervention in increasing vaccination knowledge, motivation, and intentions among at-risk women. Future research examining the efficacy of longer trials with larger, diverse populations is warranted.
Probabilistic CMOS Technology: A Survey and Future Directions

Highly scaled CMOS devices in the nanoscale regime would inevitably exhibit statistical or probabilistic behavior. Such behavior is due to process variations and other perturbations such as noise. Therefore current circuit design methodologies, which depend on the existence of deterministic and uniform devices with no consideration for either power consumption or probabilistic behavior, would no longer be sufficient to design robust circuits. To help overcome this challenge, we have been characterizing CMOS devices with probabilistic behavior (probabilistic CMOS or PCMOS devices) at several levels: from foundational principles to analytical modeling, simulation, fabrication and measurement, as well as innovative approaches to harnessing PCMOS devices in system-on-a-chip architectures which can implement a wide range of applications. In this paper, we present a broad overview of our contributions in the domain of PCMOS, and outline ongoing work and future challenges in this area.
Self-Assembling Molecular Logic Gates Based on DNA Crossover Tiles

DNA-based computational hardware has attracted ever-growing attention due to its potential to be useful in the analysis of complex mixtures of biological markers. Here we report the design of self-assembling logic gates that recognize DNA inputs and assemble into crossover tiles when the output signal is high; the crossover structures disassemble to form separate DNA stands when the output is low. The output signal can be conveniently detected by fluorescence using a molecular beacon probe as a reporter. AND, NOT, and OR logic gates were designed. We demonstrate that the gates can connect to each other to produce other logic functions.
Flow and coherent structures around circular cylinders in shallow water

Eddy-resolving numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the dynamics of the large-scale coherent structures around a circular cylinder in an open channel under very shallow flow conditions where the bed friction significantly affects the wake structure. Results are reported for three test cases, for which the ratio between the cylinder diameter, D, and the channel depth, H, is D/H = 10, 25, and 50, respectively. Simulation results show that a horseshoe vortex system forms in all test cases and the dynamics of the necklace vortices is similar to that during the breakaway sub-regime observed for cases when a laminar horseshoe vortex forms around the base of the cylinder. Given the shallow conditions and turbulence in the incoming channel flow, the necklace vortices occupy a large fraction of the flow depth (they penetrate until the free surface in the shallower cases with D/H = 25 and 50). The oscillations of the necklace vortices become less regular with increasing polar angle magnitude and can i...
Necessary but Insufficient: How Educators Enact Hope for Formerly Disconnected Youth

This qualitative study investigated how educators in urban second-chance high school settings made sense of their work with formerly disconnected youth. Using Duncan-Andrade’s framework of critical hope, we examined how adults’ orientations toward hope shaped the educational context in ways that were necessary and sufficient for student success. Findings from this study highlight the need for more critical approaches to student engagement, specifically for students most affected by systems of marginalization. Implications for urban educators and the institutions that prepare them are discussed.
Single- Versus Double-Lung Transplantation in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Impact of Age and Pulmonary Hypertension

Background Double-lung transplantation (DLT) has better long-term outcomes compared with single-lung transplantation (SLT) in pulmonary fibrosis. However, controversy persists about whether older patients or patients with high lung allocation scores would benefit from DLT. Moreover, the degree of pulmonary hypertension in which SLT should be avoided is unknown. Methods A retrospective analysis using the United Network for Organ Sharing database was performed in all recipients of lung transplants for pulmonary fibrosis. Kaplan-Meier survival for SLT versus DLT was compared and stratified by age, allocation score, and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Cox regression and propensity-matching analyses were performed. Results Between 1987 and 2015; 9,191 of 29,779 lung transplants were performed in pulmonary fibrosis. Ten-year survival rates were 55% for DLT and 32% for SLT (p Conclusions In pulmonary fibrosis, DLT has improved survival compared with SLT and should be considered the procedure of choice in patients younger than 70 years of age. SLT in patients with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥30 mm Hg and an allocation score ≥45 should be discouraged.
Transcriptional Control of Acetylcholinesterase Expression During Quail Muscle Development in Culture

We have studied the regulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression during myoblast fusion and differentiation in tissue-cultured quail muscle. AChE synthesis increases throughout the period of cell differentiation and declines following the onset of spontaneous muscle contraction. RNase protection assays show that AChE transcripts increase 10–30 fold during the period of fusion and differentiation, then decrease as the myotubes become functionally mature. By in situ hybridization, AChE transcripts are low or undetectable in mononucleated myoblasts, highest in the newly formed myotubes, and lower in the more mature muscle fibers. Using DRB or actinomycin D to inhibit transcription, we show that the half life of AChE mRNA remains unchanged during myotube development. In contrast, the relative rate of AChE transcription, measured using nuclear run on assays, increased during differentiation and declined upon onset of muscle contraction. Inhibition of spontaneous contraction with tetrodotoxin resulted in an increased rate of AChE transcription and increased AChE mRNA levels without altering its half life. Conversely, treatment with veratridine to chronically depolarize the fibers resulted in a decreased rate of AChE transcription and lower mRNA levels. Under all conditions, the relative rate of AChE protein synthesis correlated well with the level of AChE transcripts. Together, these studies suggest that AChE expression in avian myotubes is controlled primarily at the transcriptional level.
Effect of handling and water stress on water status and rooting of loblolly pine stem cuttings

Two experiments were conducted to determine theeffect of handling, short-term storage, andinitial water stress on cutting water potential (ΨW) and rooting of loblolly pine(Pinus taeda L.) stem cuttings. First,stock plants and cuttings were measured forΨW at predawn (04:00 a.m.) and earlymorning (09:00 a.m.). Cuttings were thensevered, wrapped in wet paper towels, andplaced in insulated containers for 2 or 7 h atapproximately 30 °C or for 21 h in coldstorage (4 °C). Water potentials ofcuttings were measured at the end of eachstorage period. Second, effects of initialwater stress on rooting performance of cuttingswere tested by withholding water from dormant(winter) and succulent (summer) cuttings forvarying periods of time. After each dryingtreatment, ΨW was measured on asample of cuttings and the remainder of thecuttings were transferred to a greenhouse withintermittent mist for 12 weeks.
Cyclic stretch-induced eNOS translocation to the mitochondrion induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in pulmonary artery endothelial cells

High tidal lung mechanical ventilation can be a cause of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) characterized by vascular leakage and inflammation. ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction are important regulators of VILI in in vitro and in vivo models. Data also identify an important role in the pathological mechanism for increases in [Ca2+]i mediated via the mechanosensitive Ca2+-channel, TRPV4. Uncoupled eNOS is one of major ROS sources in the vasculature, therefore we investigated its potential involvement in VILI-associated endothelial dysfunction. Two in vitro models were used: 1) PAEC monolayers challenged by 18%-cyclic stretch (CS); and 2) treated with the TRPV4 agonist, 4aPDD. The EC were tested for: a) eNOS mitochondrial redistribution; b) superoxide and mtROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential; and c) mitochondrial bioenergetics. We also examined the role of eNOS phosphorylation at Thr (T)495 by exposing cells to the PKC activator, PMA or by over-expressing a constitutively active mutant of PKCa (myr-PKCa). Excessive CS or 4aPDD-treatment induced eNOS mitochondrial translocation which was accompanied by NOS-derived superoxide increase, mtROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential impairment. Also, both challenges negatively affected mitochondrial bioenergetics. TRPV4 activation resulted in eNOS phosphorylation at T495, which we have previously shown as PKC-dependent modification that induces eNOS uncoupling and its mitochondrial translocation. Similar effects were induced by PMA or myr-PKCa over-expression. In all cases these events induced the endothelial barrier disruption. We designed an eNOS decoy peptide which protected eNOS from T495 phosphorylation and exhibited both anti-oxidant and mitochondrial-protective properties in PAEC. This peptide also attenuated the lung injury associated with mice exposed to VILI. Our data demonstrate an important role of pT495-eNOS in the induction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in VILI. Prevention of eNOS phosphorylation at T495 may protect pulmonary endothelium from oxidative stress and injury caused by mechanical ventilation and may be a new therapeutic target.
Theoretical Study of C–H Bond Cleavage via Concerted Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Fluorenyl-Benzoates

Developing new strategies to activate and cleave C–H bonds is important for a broad range of applications. Recently a new approach for C–H bond activation using multi-site concerted proton-coupled ...
Electronic Band Structure and Madelung Potential Study of the Nickelates La2NiO4, La3Ni2O7, and La4Ni3O10

Tight-binding electronic band structures and Madelung potentials were calculated for La2NiO4, La3Ni2O7, and La4Ni3O10 to examine why a metal-to-metal transition occurs in the nickelate Ln4Ni3O10 (Ln = La, Nd, Pr). La4Ni3O10 and La3Ni2O7 are each found to have two hidden one-dimensional (1D) Fermi surfaces, which suggests that both compounds should possess a charge density wave instability. Factors leading to hidden 1D Fermi surfaces in the eg block bands of the nickelates were discussed.
Learning in Motion: Kayaking Lessons

This introductory chapter outlines how kayaking can serve as a metaphor for active learning, particularly in classes utilizing social justice pedagogy, queer pedagogy, critical literacy, and critical mathematics. Queer pedagogy (Britzman, 1995) seeks to question, blur, and deconstruct norms and boundaries. Kayak imagery describes students’ learning mindsets, their paddles and other gear represent teacher supports, and the river itself represents the course and curriculum in the extended symbolism. The chapter finishes by outlining who will find this book of interest: teacher educators, education researchers, pre- and in-service teachers, and scholars of queer pedagogy and theory.
Changing strategies in grassroots canvassing: 1956–2012

Grassroots party contacts with voters have again become an important feature of presidential campaigns. In a bygone era, mobilization efforts were the work of local party organizations – the product of their various capabilities and needs and, consequently, less systematically patterned across the country. With the demise of these organizations, grassroots contacts declined, reaching only 18 percent of the electorate by 1992, before rebounding to over 40 percent by 2008. Using respondent reports of party contacts from the American National Election Studies, this article documents how the recent surge in mobilization is tied to the strategic priorities of the national parties and presidential campaigns. They concentrate their efforts on the most likely voters in the most competitive ‘battleground’ states, resulting in both positive and negative consequences for American democracy. In ramping up party contacts, who is contacted has changed, becoming more readily predictable, and the American electoral proce...
Wave transience in a compressible atmosphere. I - Transient internal wave, mean-flow interaction. II - Transient equatorial waves in the quasi-biennial oscillation

Analytical and numerical solutions are obtained in an approximate quasi-linear model, to describe the way in which vertically propagating waves give rise to mean flow accelerations in an atmosphere due to the effects of wave transience. These effects in turn result from compressibility and vertical group velocity feedback, and culminate in the spontaneous formation and descent of regions of strong mean wind shear. The numerical solutions display mean flow accelerations due to Kelvin waves in the equatorial stratosphere, with wave absorption altering the transience mechanism in such significant respects as causing the upper atmospheric mean flow acceleration to be very sensitive to the precise magnitude and distribution of the damping mechanisms. The numerical simulations of transient equatorial waves in the quasi-biennial oscillation are also considered.
Understanding Underachievement: Mindset, Perfectionism, and Achievement Attitudes Among Gifted Students:

The current study compared differences between mindset beliefs about intelligence (fixed vs. growth), dimensions of perfectionism (Concern Over Mistakes, Doubt of Action, Personal Standards, Organi...
Myopericytoma of the Foot: A Case Report

Myopericytoma is a rare soft tissue tumor found in the subcutaneous and superficial soft tissues in the extremities. The present study reports a unique case of myopericytomas found in the first and second toes of a patient. The masses were surgically excised, and on pathologic and immunohistochemical examination, the diagnosis of myopericytoma was made. At the follow-up visit, the patient had no recurrence of the soft tissue tumor.
HDX-MS reveals structural determinants for RORγ hyperactivation by synthetic agonists

ABSTRACT Members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily regulate both physiological and pathophysiological processes ranging from development and metabolism1 to inflammation2 and cancer3. As ligand-gated transcription factors, synthetic small molecules targeting NRs are often deployed as therapeutics to correct aberrant NR signaling or as chemical probes to explore the role of the receptor in physiology4. However, nearly half of NRs do not have specific cognate ligands or its unclear if they possess ligand dependent activities and these receptors are called orphans. Here we demonstrate that ligand-dependent action of the orphan nuclear receptor RORγ can be defined by selectively disrupting putative endogenous—but not synthetic—ligand binding. Furthermore, the characterization of a library of RORγ modulators reveals that structural dynamics of the receptor assessed by HDX-MS correlate with activity in biochemical and cell-based assays. These findings are corroborated with X-ray co-crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis to collectively reveal the structural determinants of RORγ ligand-dependent activation, critical for designing full agonists for application in cancer immunotherapy. Combined these observations support a model of receptor activation to more accurately describe RORγ pharmacology. Likewise, this ‘bump-and-hole’ inspired approach could be extended to other orphan NRs to explore the ligand-dependent activities that are important for defining pharmacology.
The Gene Encoding NAD-Dependent Epimerase/Dehydratase, wcaG , Affects Cell Surface Properties, Virulence, and Extracellular Enzyme Production in the Soft Rot Phytopathogen, Pectobacterium carotovorum .

Pectobacterium carotovorum is a gram-negative bacterium that, together with other soft rot Enterobacteriaceae causes soft rot disease in vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants through the action of exoproteins including plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). Although pathogenicity in these bacteria is complex, virulence levels are proportional to the levels of plant cell wall-degrading exoenzymes (PCWDEs) secreted. Two low enzyme-producing transposon Tn5 mutants were isolated, and compared to their parent KD100, the mutants were less virulent on celery petioles and carrot disks. The inactivated gene responsible for the reduced virulence phenotype in both mutants was identified as wcaG. The gene, wcaG (previously denoted fcl) encodes NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase, a homologue of GDP-fucose synthetase of Escherichia coli. In Escherichia coli, GDP-fucose synthetase is involved in the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide, colanic acid (CA). The wcaG mutants of P. carotovorum formed an enhanced level of biofilm in comparison to their parent. In the hydrophobicity test the mutants showed more hydrophobicity than the parent in hexane and hexadecane as solvents. Complementation of the mutants with extrachromosomal copies of the wild type gene restored these functions to parental levels. These data indicate that NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase plays a vital rule in cell surface properties, exoenzyme production, and virulence in P. carotovorum.
Small lymphaticovenous malformation of the orbital apex clinicopathologic correlation

Abstract Purpose To familiarize clinicians with the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of a small orbital apex lymphaticovenous malformation that resulted in blindness and evaded timely clinical diagnosis. Observations A 68-year-old man presented with severe vision loss due to a 9 mm mass at the apex of the orbit above the optic nerve. When surgically removed 4 years later, the lesion was characterized by vascular spaces of varying size. Larger ones were filled with fibrin and organized thrombi. Stromal septa of endothelial-lined cavernous spaces were partially necrotic and there was evidence of remote hemorrhage. Some endothelial cells expressed D2-40, a marker of lymphatic channels. Conclusions and importance : Unless a high index of suspicion is maintained for a lymphaticovenous malformation the clinical diagnosis of a small but vision-threatening lesion can be overlooked.
Enacting the Rubric: Teacher Improvements in Windows of High-Stakes Observation

Teacher evaluation systems that use in-class observations, particularly in high-stakes settings, are frequently understood as accountability systems intended as nonintrusive measures of teacher qua...
Distinct Behaviors between Gypsum and Silica Scaling in Membrane Distillation

Mineral scaling constrains membrane distillation (MD) and limits its application in treating hypersaline wastewater. Addressing this challenge requires enhanced fundamental understanding of the scaling phenomenon. However, MD scaling with different types of scalants may have distinctive mechanisms and consequences which have not been systematically investigated in the literature. In this work, we compared gypsum and silica scaling in MD and demonstrated that gypsum scaling caused earlier water flux decline and induced membrane wetting that was not observed in silica scaling. Microscopic imaging and elemental mapping revealed contrasting scale morphology and distribution for gypsum and silica, respectively. Notably, while gypsum crystals grew both on the membrane surface and deep in the membrane matrix, silica only formed on the membrane surface in the form of a relatively thin film composed of connected submicrometer silica particles. We attribute the intrusion of gypsum into membrane pores to the crystallization pressure as a result of rapid, oriented crystal growth, which leads to pore deformation and the subsequent membrane wetting. In contrast, the silica scale layer was formed via polymerization of silicic acid and gelation of silica particles, which were less intrusive and had a milder effect on membrane pore structure. This hypothesis was supported by the result of tensile testing, which showed that the MD membrane was significantly weakened by gypsum scaling. The fact that different scaling mechanisms could yield different consequences on membrane performance provides valuable insights for the future development of cost-effective strategies for scaling control.
Bridging information domains to improve ecological understanding of biological invasions in a marine ecosystem.

Bioinvasions are widely recognized as a growing threat to marine ecosystems, but our ability to predict future invasions and develop control measures is hampered by a lack of timely and accessible information. Although scientific research and traditional ecological monitoring programs amass information on the spread and impact of introduced species, there are other domains in which valuable information on marine invasive species exist. The problem is that actors within the various domains may be guided by different objectives and investigative approaches, creating barriers to information sharing and effective application. We present a practical method for integrating information on two marine invasive species collected using three different approaches: standardized ecological monitoring, online reporting databases, and surveys of anglers and crabbers. Focusing on two recently introduced species with different characteristics, the Asian shore crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) and Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), in the Hudson-Raritan watershed of New York and New Jersey, we used sensitivity analyses to explore the relative contribution of each information source to our knowledge of species abundance and distribution. By demonstrating that data integration can produce an image of the invasion process that would not have emerged had we used any one method individually, our results provide evidence for the advantages of an interdisciplinary approach. For multifaceted problems such as bioinvasions that require swift action without having complete information, researchers and practitioners may need to supplement standard scientific method with other information domains in order to amplify detectability of marine pests at an early stage when populations are still small and manageable. Article Impact Statement: Information sharing across information domains improves understanding of invasion trends. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
What Do We Know About Gender and Diversity

![Figure][1] Gender and Advertising is a subject that has been a part of my life for most of my academic career. The issue of how women are being portrayed in ads has been top of mind since the 1970s, when disparities in societal roles and depictions in advertising were examined. At the time
The influence of the oncology-focused transgender-simulated patient simulation on nursing students' cultural competence development.

Background Disparities experienced by transgender patients, especially in cancer care, leads to poorer outcomes and overall health. Simulation, using transgender simulated patients (SPs) with a focus on cancer care can be an effective way to foster cultural competence nursing education. Methods Guided by the National League for Nursing (NLN)/Jeffries Simulation Theory and Cultural Competence and Confidence Model, this grant funded pretest (n = 48) and posttest (n = 41) comparison group, quasi-experimental study aimed to understand changes in students' transcultural self-efficacy (TSE) following the transgender-simulated patient simulation (TSPS) focusing on an oncological emergency management. Developed by following recommended guidelines and standards, the TSPS had content validity review and pilot testing. It aimed to improve students' knowledge, skills, and attitudes with regard to providing culturally congruent nursing care. The statistical methods included paired sample t-tests, independent t-tests, and correlation analyses. Results Students who participated in the TSPS intervention had significantly higher posttest TSE scores (P Discussion SP methodology can be an effective way to foster cultural congruence in nursing care. The findings contribute to the importance of continuous efforts for the inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ) topic in nursing education to enhance culturally congruent care.
The synergistic proapoptotic effect of PARP-1 and HDAC inhibition in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is mediated via Blimp-1

Abstract The therapy of advanced mycosis fungoides (MF) presents a therapeutic challenge, and the search for new therapeutic targets is ongoing. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 was shown to be upregulated in patients with advanced MF and could be druggable by a new class of chemotherapeutic agents, PARP-1 inhibitors, which are already in clinical trials for other malignancies; however, the role of PARP-1 inhibitors in MF has never been established. We examined the efficacy of talazoparib in the murine model of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The cytotoxic effect of talazoparib on Moloney MuLV-induced T-cell lymphoma (MBL2) cells was a result of G2/M cell cycle arrest via the upregulation of p53. The in vivo experiments confirmed the clinical impact of talazoparib on MF tumors. When talazoparib was combined with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, romidepsin, the cytotoxic effect was synergized via downregulation of the DNA-repair genes Fanconianemia complementation group A (FANCA), Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (FANCD2), and DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1(TOPBP1)and stimulation of apoptosis via Blimp-1 (PRDM1)/Bax axis. Romidepsin increased the expression of IRF8and Bcl-6, leading to upregulation of Blimp1and Bax; whereas talazoparib upregulated Blimp-1 and Bax via upregulation of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), leading to cleavage of caspases 6 and 7. Thus, a combination of talazoparib with romidepsin demonstrated the synergistic antilymphoma effect and warranted further investigation in a clinical trial.
“Tell all the truth, but tell it slant”: Documenting media bias

Abstract Media outlets often appear to bias news reports, but it is often difficult to document bias cleanly and to ascribe motivation when bias is detected. We test for media bias in a novel setting. We show that in the late 19th century The New York Times weather reports were correlated with the schedule of the Giants, the local professional baseball team: On home game days weather reports were more “optimistic” (i.e., relatively more accurate at predicting sunny weather). The size of optimism is large — when producing in-house forecasts, The New York Times predicted fair weather 14.2 percentage points more often on days when the Giants were scheduled to play at home. We provide a framework for evaluating such bias, and show that the bias is consistent with a demand-driven motivation.
The ngVLA: Reference design update

The ngVLA is envisaged as an interferometric array with ten times greater sensitivity and spatial resolution than the current VLA and ALMA, operating in the frequency range of 1.2 – 116 GHz. In this talk we provide a project status update and overview of the Reference Design. The Reference Design is a low-technical-risk, costed concept that supports the key science goals for the facility, and forms the technical and cost basis of the ngVLA Astro2020 Decadal Survey proposal.
Lymphomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Lymphomas and related hematolymphoid neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can be uniquely challenging to diagnose. Both primary and secondary neoplasms occur here and can be associated with specific genetic and ethnic backgrounds, driven by infectious processes such as Epstein-Barr virus or Helicobacter pylori, or be associated with immune system dysregulated states. Here we provide practical key points to the diagnosis of many lymphomas and related hematolymphoid neoplasms of the GI tract in an organized question and answer format. We further integrate important prognostic disease aspects into these explanations and discussions.
The protection of Gαz-null NOD mice from hyperglycemia is sexually dimorphic and only partially β-cell autonomous

The mechanisms that underlie the {beta}-cell pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) are not fully understood. Our group has defined the unique heterotrimeric G protein alpha-subunit, Gz, as a key negative regulator of {beta}-cell signal transduction pathways. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice lacking Gz throughout the body are protected from developing T1D-like hyperglycemia. To determine whether this phenotype is {beta}-cell autonomous, we generated and validated a {beta}-cell-specific Gz knockout ({beta}KO) on the NOD background and characterized the phenotype of female and male cohorts. Long-term hyperglycemia incidence was lower in Gz {beta}KO mice as compared to wild-type (WT) controls, but, unlike global Gz knockout mice, this protection was incomplete. While young male and female Gz {beta}KO NOD mice had improved glucose tolerance, WT NOD males were significantly less glucose tolerant than females, and only female Gz {beta}KO mice retained improved glucose tolerance at 28-29 weeks of age. Conversely, {beta}-cell-specific Gz loss only influenced insulitis in 28-29-week old male NOD mice, a phenotype correlating directly with body burden of glucose during oral glucose challenge. Using surrogates for {beta}-cell function and apoptosis, the partial penetrance of euglycemia in Gz {beta}KO NOD was best explained by an early failure to up-regulate {beta}-cell proliferation. We conclude {beta}-cell Gz is an important regulator of the sexually-dimorphic T1D-like phenotype of NOD mice. Yet, other factors must be important in imparting full protection from the disease.
A study on the mechanical response of magnesium using an anisotropic elasticity twinning CP FEM

Magnesium and its alloys are used in many applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratios. The poor formability which is caused by lack of available slip systems and the existence of twinning has been the major hindrance in expanding their usage to other new applications. In order to improve the formability of magnesium and its alloys, it is critical to understand the characteristics of the available slip and twin systems and the interactions among them. The slip activities occur due to dislocation motions, and twinning and dislocation motions interact with each other in order to reduce the overall plastic dissipation energy in deformation. Since the complex interaction hardening among slip and twin modes is not automatically realized by conventional standard CP (crystal plasticity) theories, additional measures must be included in the crystal plasticity constitutive theory to accurately represent the mechanical behavior of magnesium and its alloys. This paper takes into account interaction hardening among slip and twin modes by employing an interaction hardening model based on a physical property (saturation strength), which reduces trials and errors significantly in the stress–strain data fitting process. Taking into account elastic anisotropy, a twinning CP theory is proposed and an implicit time integration scheme for the proposed anisotropic elasticity twinning CP theory is derived in this study. The derived CP theory and the implicit time integration scheme are implemented into a large deformation FE code, and the single crystal channel-die compression tests and polycrystal uniaxial tension/compression tests of magnesium done in [1] are successfully reproduced by simulations. Using the anisotropic elasticity twinning CP FE code, the effects of strong elastic anisotropy on the convergence and stability of CP FE codes are investigated. Strong elastic anisotropy turns out to lower the stability and accuracy of CP FE codes, and the proposed implicit time integration scheme successfully overcomes these difficulties caused by strong elastic anisotropy.
Subtle Variants of Hyperparathyroidism: Normohormonal Hyperparathyroidism

The introduction of serum calcium measurement in metabolic and renal panels has increased recognition of normohormonal hyperparathyroidism (NHHPT), the entity in which elevated serum calcium is accompanied by a normal but non-suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH). Because of its biochemical subtlety, there are important diagnostic and management nuances to consider in approaching this subset of patients, most notably the exclusion of other causes of hypercalcemia. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of NHHPT, including presentation and symptoms, serologic and imaging evaluation, intraoperative challenges, and postoperative considerations. The goal of parathyroid surgery in this cohort is normocalcemia.
Association between morbidity among term newborns and low-risk caesarean delivery rates.

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between county-level caesarean delivery (CD) rates among women at low risk and morbidity among term newborns. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Population-based study of US county-level birth data from 2015 to 2017. POPULATION Nulliparous women with term, singleton, vertex-presenting infants (NTSV) at low risk for morbidity. METHODS The primary exposure was county-level CD rates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome was morbidity among the low-risk NTSV cohort, categorised as severe (5-minute Apgar score of ≤3, assisted ventilation for ≥6 hours, severe neurologic injury or seizure, transfer or death) or moderate (5-minute Apgar score of 3, administration of antibiotics or assisted ventilation at delivery). We used linear regression models to determine the association between county NTSV CD and neonatal morbidity rates with cluster robust standard errors. RESULTS The analysis included data from 2 753 522 births in 952 counties from all 48 states. The mean NTSV CD rate was 23.6% (standard deviation 4.8%). The median severe and moderate neonatal morbidity rates were 15.2 (interquartile range, IQR 9.4-23.6) and 52.5 (IQR 33.4-75.7) per 1000 births, respectively. In the unadjusted analysis using the risk-adjusted exposure and outcome, every percentage point increase in the CD rate of a county was associated with 0.6 (95% CI -0.9, -0.3) and 2.3 fewer (95% CI -3.4, -1.1) cases of severe and moderate neonatal morbidity per 1000 live births. After adjustment for other county factors, the relationships remained significant. These findings were tested in multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Lower county-level NTSV CD rates were associated with a small increase in morbidity among term newborns in the USA. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Lower county-level caesarean delivery rates were associated with an increase in morbidity among term newborns in the USA.
Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of silver nanoparticles in hepatocyte-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been increasingly used in a variety of consumer products over the last decades. However, their potential adverse effects have not been fully understood. In a previous study, we characterized transcriptomic changes in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) in response to AgNP exposure. Here, we report findings of a follow-up proteomic study that evaluated alternations at the protein level in the same cell after being exposed to 10 μg/ml AgNPs for 24 h. In total, 6287 proteins were identified across two groups of samples (n = 3). Among these proteins, 665 were found to be differentially regulated (fold change ≥1.25, p < 0.01) between the AgNP-treated group and the untreated control group, including 264 upregulated and 401 downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis of the proteomics data, in side-by-side comparison to the transcriptomics data, confirms and substantiates previous findings on AgNP-induced alterations in metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and potential association with cancer. A mechanism of action was proposed based on these results. Collectively, the findings of the current proteomic study are consistent with those of the previous transcriptomic study and further demonstrate the usefulness of iPSC-derived HLCs as an in vitro model for liver nanotoxicology.
Stare Decisis and Due Process

In this Article, I argue that the preclusive effect of precedent raises due-process concerns, and, on occasion, slides into unconstitutionality. The Due Process Clause requires that a court give a person notice and an opportunity for a hearing before depriving her of life, liberty or property. Because of this requirement, courts have held in the context of issue preclusion that as a general rule, judicial determinations can bind only parties. The preclusion literature asserts that this parties only requirement does not apply to stare decisis because stare decisis, in contrast to issue preclusion, is a flexible doctrine. Yet stare decisis often functions inflexibly in the federal courts, particularly in the courts of appeals. I claim that in its rigid application - when it effectively forecloses a litigant from meaningfully urging error - correction - stare decisis unconstitutionally deprives a litigant of the right to a hearing on the merits of her claims. To avoid the due-process problem, I suggest that courts render stare decisis more flexible; specifically, I propose that courts remove rules - like, for example, the rule that one appellate panel cannot overrule another - that create nearly insurmountable barriers to error - correction.
Institutional archives at Urban North American Universities: An assessment of current practices

This paper reports a study of institutional archives at urban and metropolitan universities that are members of the Coalition of Urban and Metropolitan Universities (CUMU). Founded in 1990, the CUMU is an organization of North American institutions of higher education committed to the shared mission to use the power of their campuses in education, research and service to enhance the communities in which they are located. Currently approximately 90 institutions are members of the CUMU. This paper reports the results of a survey to identify collections, staffing, reporting structures and institutional records management programs. It examines the challenges of collecting and preserving primary and secondary source material that document the history of urban universities.
Effect of Feeding System on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Yearling Steers, Steer Calves and Heifer Calves

Three types of cattle (Angus x Hereford yearling steers, Charolais x British breed steer calves and Hereford heifer calves) were evaluated for their response to different feeding systems utilizing high moisture corn, corn silage and soybean meal as major feed ingredients. Feeding ing systems for steers included: A = 85% concentrate; B = 40% concentrate; C = two phase, with switch from all corn silage to 85% concentrate in the middle of the feeding period; D = same as C except switch occurred late in the feeding period; E = all corn silage continuously. Heifer diets consisted of the following ratios of corn silage to concentrate: low energy = 89:11; medium energy = 67:33; and high energy = 100 fed at a moderate (10.9% for low energy and medium energy, and 11.7% for high energy) and high (13.8%) crude protein level. Treatments within each experiment were terminated at approximately the same final weight. Increasing percentage corn added to the total diet increased ADG in most comparisons. Adjusted to a constant carcass weight, increasing dietary energy increased fat thickness and reduced percentage retail product with no effect on quality grade in yearling steers and heifer calves. In Charolais cross-steer calves, increasing energy level increased quality grade with no effect on yield grade or percentage retail product. Energetic efficiency slightly favored system C in yearling steers while steer calves maximized efficiency on A. Hereford heifers were the most energetically efficient on medium energy diets.
Responding to Problem Behavior in Schools: The Behavior Education Program

1. Introduction to the Behavior Education Program 2. The Context for Positive Behavior Support in Schools 3. The Basic BEP: Critical Features and Processes 4. Getting a BEP Intervention Started 5. Roles, Responsibilities, and Training Needs Related to Implementing the BEP, Deanne A. Crone, Leanne S. Hawken, and K. Sandra MacLeod 6. Designing the BEP to Fit Your School 7. Measuring Response to the BEP Intervention and Fading 8. The Modified BEP: Adaptations and Elaborations 9. High School Implementation of the BEP, Jessica Swain-Bradway and Robert H. Horner 10. Adapting the BEP for Preschool Settings, Susan S. Johnston and Leanne S. Hawken 11. Cultural Considerations and Adaptations for the BEP, Joan Schumann and Jason J. Burrow-Sanchez 12. Frequently Asked Questions and Troubleshooting the BEP Implementation Appendices: Appendix A.1. List of Acronyms and Definitions Appendix B.1. Working Smarter Not Harder Organizer Appendix B.2. Request for Assistance Form Appendix B.3. Parental Permission Form Appendix B.4. Daily Progress Report-Middle School, Example 1 Appendix B.5. Daily Progress Report-Middle School, Example 2 Appendix B.6. Thumbs Up! Ticket Appendix B.7. Daily Progress Report-Elementary School, Example 1 Appendix B.8. Daily Progress Report-Elementary School, Example 2 Appendix C.1. BEP Implementation Readiness Questionnaire Appendix C.2. Voting Form for Implementing the BEP Intervention Appendix C.3. BEP Development and Implementation Guide Appendix D.1. BEP Check-In, Check-Out Form-Elementary School Appendix D.2. BEP Check-In, Check-Out Form-Middle/High School Appendix E.1. Reinforcer Checklist Appendix F.1. BEP Fidelity of Implementation Measure (BEP-FIM) Appendix F.2. BEP Acceptability Questionnaire-Teacher Version Appendix F.3. BEP Acceptability Questionnaire-Student Version Appendix F.4. BEP Acceptability Questionnaire-Parent Version Appendix G.1. BEP Contract Appendix G.2. BEP Support Plan Appendix G.3. Functional Behavioral Assessment-Behavior Support Plan Protocol (F-BSP Protocol) Appendix G.4. Functional Assessment Checklist for Teachers and Staff (FACTS) Appendix H.1. High School BEP Referral Form Appendix H.2. High School Daily Plan Agenda Appendix H.3. Reinforcer Checklist for High School BEP
United States–Mexico: The Convergence of Public Policy Views in the Post-9/11 World

This article explores the state of public policy preferences between the United States and Mexico in the realm of foreign policy in the context of the post-9/11 world, democratic change within Mexico, and the immigration protests within the United States. Specifically, we will analyze the differences and possible convergence of public policy views on the issues of terrorism, immigration, free trade agreements, drug trafficking, and foreign policy. We find that although there are differences of opinion, particularly in the application of force in Iraq and on the benefits of free trade, there still remains a significant degree of positive convergence within the policy issues of terrorism, immigration, and drug trafficking. Although there are institutional impediments to progressive policy change, future relations between the United States and Mexico do not need to be contentious as long as the focus is on the similarities, rather than the differences, in public preferences between the populations of the two states.
Duality rotations in membrane theory

In analogy with a previous treatment of strings, it is shown that membrane theories exhibit global noncompact symmetries which have their origin in duality transformations on the three-dimensional worldvolume which rotate field equations into Bianchi identities. However, in contrast to the string, the worldvolume metric also transforms under duality by a conformal factor. In this way the Cremmer-Julia hidden symmetries of supergravity are seen to be a consequence of supermembrane duality. Moreover, the string duality follows from that of the membrane by simultaneous dimensional reduction. Generalization to higher-dimensional objects is straightforward.