cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A sequential contrast effect in odor perception

An odor of ambiguous quality was shown to shift in rated odor character after presentation of more prototypical odors, always in a direction contrasting with the previous context. The terpene aroma compound, dihydromyrcenol, is perceived as partially woody (pine-like) and partially citrus (lime-like) in odor character. Citrus ratings of this odor increased following exposure to woody odors. Conversely, woody ratings of dihydromyrcenol increased following exposure to citrus odors. Possible explanations for this sequential contrast effect include shifts in cognitive category boundaries, response frequency biases, and simple sensory adaptation.
Measurement and Non-Measurement Influences of Test-Session Behavior on Individually Administered Measures of Intelligence

Abstract Two nested structural models were developed to determine whether test-session behaviors affect the manner in which intelligence is measured or whether their influence is related to the constructs being measured. Children’s test-session behaviors were assessed using the Guide to the Assessment of Test-Session Behaviors for the WISC-III and WIAT (GATSB; Glutting & Oakland, 1993 ) and intelligence was measured with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III; Wechsler, 1991 ). Model 1 investigated relationships between test-session behaviors and the WISC-III’s four-factor solution by first evaluating the underlying factor structure of the instruments. Thereafter, this measurement model served as a baseline against which alternative models were compared. The alternative models considered the influence of test-session behaviors on: (a) the subtests used to measure the WISC-III’s constructs of intelligence, and (b) the actual constructs of intelligence. Model 2 explored similar relationships by considering only the WISC-III’s Verbal and Performance dimensions. Results indicate that test-session behaviors play a larger role influencing the mechanisms through which intelligence is measured than on the actual constructs of intelligence. Implications are discussed for clinical practice.
The Ratio of Heat Losses by Conduction and by Evaporation from any Water Surface

It is shown that the process of evaporation and diffusion of water vapor from any water surface into the body of air above it is exactly similar to that of the conduction or "diffusion" of specific heat energy from the water surface into the same body of air. Because of this similarity it is possible to represent the ratio R of the heat loss by conduction to that by evaporation by the formula R=.46Tw-Ta/Pw-PaP/760 where Ta and Pa are the original temperature and vapor pressure of the air passing over the lake, and Tw and Pw are the corresponding quantities for the layer of air in contact with the water surface. The substitution of R times the evaporation loss for the value of the conduction heat loss in the Cummings equation for evaporation makes it an exact equation for the determination of evaporation from any water surface in terms of the net radiant energy absorbed by the water and the heat stored in the water.
DRGs--five years later.

IN fiscal 1983, amid much fanfare and not a little anxiety among providers, the Medicare program abandoned cost reimbursement for hospitals and moved to a prospective payment system. Fixed rates were established for each of 468 diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). The goal was control of government Medicare expenditures through built-in incentives to providers to contain costs. The question today is whether either the fanfare or the anxiety in 1983 was warranted. The evidence suggests both were. Before DRGs, dire warnings were sounded about a tottering Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. Government actuaries calculated an average annual deficit of $20 billion, or nearly . . .
c-kit ligand augments granulocyte-macrophage colony growth from patients with 5q− syndrome

In vitro studies may serve as a guide to clinical strategies with cytokines. In this study, marrows from 26 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were assayed for myeloid progenitor cells in agar gel. Colony stimulating activity was provided by the recombinant human colony stimulating factors granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), fusion protein (FP), c-kit ligand (KL) or GM-CSF combined with other cytokines (KL, IL-3). Decreased colony forming units granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) were detected in most cases (69%) compared with normal controls. Neither FP nor the combination of GM-CSF + IL-3 produced more colonies than GM-CSF alone. The number of CFU-GM did not correlate with French American British (FAB) class. All marrows (7) from patients with 5q- showed augmentation of GM-CSF induced colonies with the addition of KL. In contrast, KL augmentation was noted in anly 42% of other MDS marrows (p = 0.01). This in vitro result suggests that 5q- may predict a group of MDS patients with a likelihood to respond to the combination of GM-CSF + KL.
Threat processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from a modified negative priming task.

Abstract Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often experience intrusive thoughts. These intrusions may be due to biases in information processing mechanisms, including attention, memory, and learning. To examine this hypothesis, we presented a modified negative priming (NP) paradigm with idiographically selected words to 19 individuals with OCD (OCs) and 19 matched non-anxious control participants (NACs). The words included OCD-relevant threat, OCD-relevant positive, and neutral words. This paradigm typically elicits positive priming because participants may learn the contingency between the prime and probe that facilitates responding [Frings and Wentura (2006). Strategy effects counteract distractor inhibition: NP with constantly absent probe distractors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 32 , 854–864]. As predicted, NACs showed facilitation (i.e., positive priming) rather than NP for all word types, whereas OCs exhibited facilitation for only neutral words. For positive words, OCs exhibited no priming and for threat words they exhibited NP. These results suggest that for idiographic, OCD-relevant threat information, individuals with OCD show difficulty learning the contingency between the information in the prime and probe displays relative to the NACs.
The grounding of the Bahia Paraiso: Microbial ecology of the 1989 Antarctic oil spill.

On 28 January 1989 the Bahia Paraiso ran aground and sank near Palmer Station, Antarctica. At least 6.8 × 105 liters of diesel fuel arctic (DFA) were released into semi-enclosed Arthur Harbor and deposited in the nearby intertidal regions. Approximately 6 weeks later, a group of scientists was deployed to evaluate the impact of the oil spill on the surrounding coastal marine ecosystem.
Characterization of a Microwave Plasma Etching Reactor

Summary form only given. Plasma-assisted etching is used extensively for device fabrication processes in the semiconductor and MEMS fabrication industries. One variation of low-pressure, high-density plasma-assisted etching machines is the microwave ECR etcher. In this paper, a plasma etcher based on low pressure microwave plasmas built by Lambda Technologies is characterized for its operating properties. It is investigated at low pressures from 1 m Torr and up as it is operated both with and without ECR magnets. The 2.45 GHz microwave plasma-assisted etching reactor consists of a 25 cm diameter discharge located inside a 30 cm cavity applicator and operates in two distinct excitation modes: (1) an ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) plasma source operating at pressures of 1-10 mTorr and (2) a non-ECR, non-magnetized mode operating at higher pressures of 4 mTorr-10 Torr. The different modes of operation and the wide pressure operating region of this plasma source provide a wide range of atomic and molecular radicals and ions enabling a variety of etching recipes. Both conducting and insulating substrates can be etched because the plasma source has an independent rf bias capability for the substrate holder which facilitates controlled reactive ion etching at low pressures. Additionally, the plasma etching system includes temperature control for the substrate holder. In this paper, the operating modes and plasma behavior of ECR and non-ECR plasma discharges are investigated. The electron temperature, Te, charge density ne and electron energy distribution function (EEDF) are studied using single Langmuir probe (SLP). Direct comparisons are made at selected pressures for the reactor operating with and without ECR magnets. For example, at a pressure of 4 mTorr, the electron distribution function (EEDF) measurement results follow closer to the Maxwellian distribution without magnets and follow closer to the Druyvesteyn distribution with ECR magnets. The charge density uniformity of plasma is also investigated. At a pressure of 10 mTorr and without ECR magnets, the charge density of the plasma is as high as 5x1012 cm-3.
Inhibitors of histone methylation

Two classes of inhibitors of histone methyltransferase I from calf thymus are reported. High concentrations (≧ 10 mM) of various alkyl or aralkyl amines and polyamines were inhibitory to the enzyme. Spermine and spermidine were among the most potent compounds in this group. The best monoamine inhibitor was 2-phenylethylamine, which gave 47% inhibition at 10 mM. The substituted phenanthridinium compound ethidium bromide was also an inhibitor of the enzyme. A number of analogs of ethidium bromide were tested, and the most potent compound (17) gave 50% inhibition at 0.125 mM. S-Adenosyl-l-ethionine (SAM) showed competitive inhibition of the enzyme as determined from a Lineweaver-Burke plot, while ethidium bromide was noncompetitive.
Methodology for the synthesis and specific activity determination of 16α-[77Br]-Bromoestradiol-17 β and 16α-[77Br]-11 β-methoxyestradiol-17 β, Two estrogen receptor-binding radiopharmaceuticals

Abstract 16α-[77Br]-Bromoestradiol-17β (3a) has been synthesized from estrone enol diacetate (1) by bromination with Na 77Br and hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid, followed by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride to give a mixture of 16α-[77Br]-bromoestradiol-17β (3a) and 16α-[77Br]-bromoestradiol-17α (3a) from which the desired epimer (3a) can be obtained in 50% overall radiochemical yield (from Na77Br) by HPLC. Analogous procedures can be used in the preparation of 16α-[77Br]-bromo-11β-methoxyestradiol-17β. (4a) The effective specific activities of these radiopharmaceuticals, determined by binding to the uterine estrogen receptor, are 900–1500 Ci/mmol. Both have high affinity and good binding selectivity for the estrogen receptor and are useful as imaging agents for mammary tumors.
Economic analysis of US textile production activities under the North American Free Trade Agreement

This economic analysis investigates the US textile industry's output supply and input demand pattern under the influence of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and determines the significance of the agreement on the industry. This analysis employs the normalized restricted translog profit model as an analytical tool and introduces a time dummy variable in the model to distinguish the pre- and post-NAFTA years. The outcome of analysis shows the significant but negative effect of NAFTA on the industry's profit performance in the early years of the agreement, probably due to intensified import competition, fall of real output prices, and numerous mill closings. NAFTA, however, is identified as less significant than variable input prices of labor, material, and electricity. The elasticity estimates show the dominant role of maintenance and capital expenditures, followed by textile output and variable input prices in order, in determining the industry's output supply and input demand. Overall, NAFTA is...
Quantification of the Vital Rates, Abundance, and Status of a Critical, Endemic Population of Bonneville Cutthroat Trout

Abstract Most subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii are imperiled or extinct due to the combined effects of habitat degradation and interactions with exotic species. To quantify abundance and vital rates and evaluate trends, we selected a large population of Bonneville cutthroat trout O. clarkii utah from the Logan River of northern Utah, a river characterized by high-quality and connected habitat. Over a 5-year period, we completed a comprehensive population assessment, including depletion-based abundance estimates and a mark–recapture study (1,050 tagged fish) of site fidelity, growth, and survival. Population density exceeded 1,500 cutthroat trout/km at high-elevation sites; this is substantially higher than most other reported densities of inland, stream-type cutthroat trout. Fish demonstrated extremely high rates of site fidelity on average (92%; SE = 6%), and growth rates were also high (up to 0.50 g/d; mean = 0.09 g/d). Cormack–Jolly–Seber survival rates (fish ≥ 100 mm) increased with ...
Medicaid Cost-Savings of Home- and Community-Based Service Programs for Older Persons in Florida:

This study is designed to address the estimated Medicaid cost-savings of selected home- and community-based service (HCBS) programs in the State of Florida. Utilizing Medicaid claim data for SFY 2000-2005, a propensity score matching procedure is used to simulate random assignment of seniors into matched treatment (HCBS users) and comparison (waitlist) groups. We then produce an algorithm that determines the differences in Medicaid expenditures between the two groups, producing an estimate of cost-savings. Some HCBS programs in Florida show evidence of Medicaid cost-savings. Median Medicaid cost-savings varied widely, ranging from a cost overage of US$277 per member per month (PMPM) to a cost-savings of US$229 PMPM. Cost-savings appears most consistently when analyzing nursing home costs. The results of this study provide further evidence that nursing home cost-savings can be achieved through home- and community-based services programs.
The Effects of Turnout on Partisan Outcomes in U.S. Presidential Elections 1960–2000

It is commonly believed by pundits and political elites that higher turnout favors Democratic candidates, but the extant research is inconsistent in finding this effect. The purpose of this article is to provide scholars with a methodology for assessing the likely effects of turnout on an election outcome using simulations based on survey data. By varying simulated turnout rates for five U.S. elections from 1960 to 2000, we observe that Democratic advantages from higher turnout (and Republican advantages from lower turnout) have steadily ebbed since 1960, corresponding to the erosion of class cleavages in U.S. elections.
Cell Type-specific Roles for Cdc42, Rac, and RhoL in Drosophila Oogenesis

The Rho subfamily of GTPases has been shown to regulate cellular morphology. We report the discovery of a new member of the Rho family, named RhoL, which is equally similar to Rac, Rho, and Cdc42. Expression of a dominant-negative RhoL transgene in the Drosophila ovary caused nurse cells to collapse and fuse together. Mutant forms of Cdc42 mimicked this effect. Expression of constitutively active RhoL led to nurse cell subcortical actin breakdown and disruption of nurse cell-follicle cell contacts, followed by germ cell apoptosis. In contrast, Rac activity was specifically required for migration of a subset of follicle cells called border cells. All three activities were necessary for normal transfer of nurse cell cytoplasm to the oocyte. These results suggest that Rho protein activities have cell type-specific effects on morphogenesis.
Eating Quality of Turkey Roulades: Effect of Skin Level and Cooking Method

Abstract Turkey roulades were prepared from tom turkey breast fillets and a mixture of turkey skin and ground meats. Two levels of skin (33% and 50%) and two cooking methods, (1) deep-fat frying then oven braising and (2) oven braising were used. Roulades prepared with 50% skin were significantly (P
Intestinal lengthening and nutritional outcomes in children with short bowel syndrome.

Abstract Background Intestinal lengthening remains a treatment option in pediatric short bowel syndrome. However, clinical indications and nutritional outcomes from bowel lengthening are not well defined. Methods A retrospective review of a prospective database was conducted of patients who underwent bowel lengthening using serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) at a single center. Results Sixteen children who underwent 19 STEP procedures were identified. STEP increased median small bowel length from 84 cm (range, 19 to 295 cm) to 103 cm (range, 24 to 375 cm) ( P = .0001). Caloric provisions from parenteral nutrition were decreased after STEP (69% vs 0%, P Conclusions A majority of children with short bowel syndrome were weaned off parenteral nutrition after STEP. Gastroschisis may portend a less optimal outcome from the procedure.
Spatial pattern and composition of the Florida scrub seed bank and vegetation along an anthropogenic disturbance gradient

Question: How does spatial pattern and composition of the seed bank and its relationship to above-ground cover vary across an anthropogenic disturbance gradient of intact Florida rosemary scrub, degraded scrub and improved pasture? Location: Florida rosemary scrub, Lake Wales Ridge, Highlands County, FL, USA (27° 11′N, 81° 21′W). Methods: In nine grid plots located in intact Florida rosemary scrub, degraded scrub and improved pasture, we assessed percentage vegetation cover and seed bank composition. Results: The vegetation was dominated by long-lived perennials, while the seed bank was dominated by short-lived species. Shrubs were the dominant aboveground cover in rosemary scrub, sub-shrubs and the spike moss Selaginella arenicola in degraded scrub and non-native grasses in pastures. Scrub forbs were dominant in the seed bank of rosemary scrub, similar amounts of sedges, ruderal forbs and scrub forbs in degraded scrub, and ruderal species and sedges in pastures. Species absent from the vegetation were randomly distributed in the seed bank, while species present above-ground had an aggregated spatial distribution. In rosemary scrub, scrub forb seed banks were spatially aggregated and were positively associated with conspecific species above-ground and with litter cover. These patterns were not observed in degraded scrub, perhaps due to reduced shrub and increased bare ground. Conclusion: Our results suggest that reduced shrub cover and increased bare ground in the degraded scrub may explain why there is less spatial aggregation of scrub forbs in the seed bank. Restoration of Florida rosemary scrub in pasture sites will require species reintroduction of appropriate scrub species; restoration of degraded scrub should emphasize increasing shrub cover to restore habitat spatial structure.
Impact of Medicare Part D on coverage, access, and disparities among new jersey seniors.

The authors used a population-based survey of New Jersey residents to assess outcomes associated with implementation of the Medicare Part D program. Between 2001 and 2009, there was a 24% increase in prescription drug coverage among elderly individuals, but also an increase in cost-related access problems. Compared with the pre–Part D period, seniors reporting access problems post–Part D were less likely to be uninsured and more likely to be publicly insured. Cost-related access disparities among elderly Blacks and Hispanics relative to elderly Whites persisted from 2001 to 2009, and were partly driven by ongoing disparities related to low income. Such cost-based access problems 3 years into implementation implies that they are not transitory and may reflect inadequate subsidy levels alongside the importance of physician advice about prescriptions in ensuring low-cost medication options for vulnerable patients. Finally, the findings, may also reflect success in enrolling high-need seniors into Part D.
An Extraordinary New Class of Electro-Optic Materials: Binary Chromophore Glasses

Binary chromophore organic glasses, a new class of electro-optic (EO) materials, has recently shown to exhibit EO activities of 300-500 pm/V at telecommunication wavelengths. These composite materials also exhibit low optical loss (2 dB/cm) and good thermal stability (glass transition temperatures of 200degC). This article considers the characteristics of these materials responsible for these extraordinary properties.
MANIFOLD-SPLITTING REGULARIZATION, SELF-LINKING, TWISTING, WRITHING NUMBERS OF SPACE-TIME RIBBONS and POLYAKOV’S PROOF OF FERMI-BOSE TRANSMUTATIONS

We present an alternative formulation of Polyakov’s regularization of Gauss’ integral formula for a single closed Feynman path. A key element in his proof of the D=3 fermi-bose transmutations induced by topological gauge fields, this regularization is linked here with the existence and properties of a nontrivial topological invariant for a closed space ribbon. This self-linking coefficient, an integer, is the sum of two differential characteristics of the ribbon, its twisting and writhing numbers. These invariants form the basis for a physical interpretation of our regularization. Their connection to Polyakov’s spinorization is discussed. We further generalize our construction to the self-linking, twisting and writhing of higher dimensional d=n (odd) submanifolds in D=(2n+1) space-time. Our comprehensive analysis intends to supplement Polyakov’s work as it identifies a natural path to its higher dimensional mathematical and physical generalizations. Combining the theorems of White on self-linking of manif...
Accuracy of children's school-breakfast reports and school-lunch reports (in 24-h dietary recalls) differs by retention interval.

Accuracy of children's school-breakfast reports and school-lunch reports (in 24-h dietary recalls) differs by retention interval
Segment-Based Map Matching

We address the problem of determining the path of a vehicle on a given vector map of roads, based on tracking data such as that obtained from onboard GPS receivers. We describe a method that is based on a piecewise matching of track segments to map features. A notable feature of our method is that it is applicable to a large class of existing methods. We discuss metrics for evaluating the output of map-matching methods and briefly describe our implementation of a map-matching system based on our methods.
SENSORY AND MICROBIAL ATTRIBUTES OF A DEHYDRATED PORK PRODUCT (SHREDDED PORK)

Dehydration is an effective method to preserve meat. Fresh (4C) and frozen (-18C) pork shoulders were processed by two dehydration methods through adding two variable fat levels (2% and 12%). Results indicated that the pH values (6.33) and TBA values (0.63 μg/g) of the dehydrated pork didn't change significantly during 7 weeks of storage at room temperature (27C). On a 9-point scale, sensory scores (rancidity and overall acceptance, etc.) did not change (p > 0.05) during storage. The CFUs/g for both bacteria and molds were low (TPC < 200 CFU/g; mold counts < 30 CFU/g). Shredded pork has a stable shelf-life, and it has potential as a popular meat snack or an ingredient in food mixtures.
Reduced attenuation of broadband pulses in water

We observe reduced attenuation of broadband (>80nm, 100fs-1ps)) optical pulses when propagating >1m distances in distilled water. Simulations indicate that the reduced attenuation of the light is associated with the simultaneous formation of optical precursors (Sommerfeld and Brillouin).
Paleomagnetic dating of fault slip in the Southern Rocky Mountains, USA, and its importance to an integrated Laramide foreland strain field

The Laramide orogen of the U.S. Cordillera formed in the latest Cretaceous, and deformation lasted into the earliest Oligocene. Along and proximal to the eastern and northern margins of the Colorado Plateau, deformation associated with this event mainly took place along reactivated structures. Related tectonic models invoke some role for the plateau either as a stress guide transmitting compression to the foreland or as a freely rotating microplate. Models dominated by northward displacements of the Colorado Plateau also require covariance between timing and magnitude of dextral strike-slip deformation in the eastern domain and thrust deformation in the northern domain. Here we show that fault-zone materials that are exposed in a major, large-magnitude-displacement strike-slip fault zone east of the plateau contain a well-defined magnetization of late Paleozoic age, suggesting that the fault zone has not been strongly modified since the late Paleozoic. Given that these fault-zone materials include indurated metagranitic crush breccias that must have been at or near the surface at the onset of Carboniferous sedimentation, it is likely that the observed large-magnitude displacements are the result of a poorly understood Precambrian tectonic event. Large-magnitude dextral-slip estimates along this and similar structures may be incorrectly assigned to younger tectonic events. In this context, Laramide strain estimates north of the plateau should not be linked with these older displacements and may instead have resulted from a complex combination of Laramide plateau rotation and general east-directed shortening associated with the formation of the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt salient.
Surface mount microwave package characterization technique

We present a plastic package characterization technique using coplanar waveguide to package adapters (CPA) and line-reflect-match (LRM) calibrations. LRM calibrations on off-set CPA standards are employed to de-embed the response of CPA adapters in measured S-parameters. A variety of small shrink outline packages (SSOP) has been characterized to 26.5 GHz using this technique.
Characterization of a therapeutic model of inhalational anthrax using an increase in body temperature in New Zealand white rabbits as a trigger for treatment.

ABSTRACT The development of an appropriate animal therapeutic model is essential to assess the potential efficacy of therapeutics for use in the event of a Bacillus anthracis exposure. We conducted a natural history study that showed New Zealand White rabbits exhibited a significant increase in body temperature (SIBT), changes in hematologic parameters, and increases in C-reactive protein and succumbed to disease with an average time to death of approximately 73 h following aerosol challenge with B. anthracis Ames spores. The SIBT was used as a trigger to treat with a fully human monoclonal antibody directed at protective antigen (PA). Ninety percent (9/10) of the treated rabbits survived the lethal inhalational challenge of B. anthracis. Further characterization investigated the protective window of opportunity for anti-PA antibody administration up to 12 h post-onset of SIBT. Eighty-three percent (5/6) of the rabbits treated at SIBT and 100% (6/6) of those treated at 6 h after SIBT survived challenge. Only 67% (4/6) of the rabbits treated at 12 h after SIBT survived. The increase in body temperature corresponded with both bacteremia and antigenemia (PA in the blood), indicating that SIBT is a suitable trigger to initiate treatment in a therapeutic model of inhalational anthrax.
Teaching risk management to physicians

In summary, the risk manager should take an active role in educating the medical staff. The seven areas discussed can serve as a checklist for the risk manager and, of course, can be expanded. The risk management strategies described should be encouraged to become a part of physicians' daily practice patterns. Physicians then will be better prepared to help their patients deal with adverse outcomes as well as feel more comfortable about the medical-legal environment in which they practice.
50 Years of Vascular Surgery at the Southwestern Surgical Congress: Evolution of a New Specialty

The inaugural meeting of the Southwestern Surgical Congress in Houston, Texas, in September of 1949 barely predated the modern era of vascular surgery. The Southwestern Surgical Congress, with an avowed purpose ‘‘to stimulate and promote the progress of surgery in the states comprising the organization,” has played a prominent role in disseminating new knowledge, techniques, and technology in the field of vascular surgery. Many of the pioneers in vascular surgery resided in the territory of the Southwestern Surgical Congress and were not only members, but also contributed to its scientific publications. Another characteristic of the Southwestern Surgical Congress, that of contributions of scientific publications by both “town and gown,” has been well exemplified in the vascular arena during the first half century of its existence. We will look at the development of the field of vascular surgery through the eyes of the publications of the Southwestern Surgical Congress in 2 periods. The initial years provided us with the techniques, technology, and early experiences leading to a solid understanding of the repair of blood vessels. The second era started around the later years of the Vietnam conflict when many young, experienced, vascular surgeons returned to their communities with new skills in operating on all segments of the vascular tree. Speaking at the Midwest Vascular Society in Chicago in
Acceptability and Shelf‐life of Marinated Fresh and Precooked Pork

Fresh (FL) and precooked (PL) longissimus chops and fresh semi-membranosus/adductor (SM) roasts were evaluated to determine acceptability of marinated pork. Citric acid and sodium acid pyrophosphate lowered pH (CAP), sodium acid pyrophosphate attained intermediate pH (SAP), and sodium tripolyphosphate increased pH (TPP). In FL and SM cuts, TPP improved sensory characteristics, water-holding capacity (WHC) and processing yields. CAP reduced microbial growth in FL chops and improved tenderness in SM roasts. In PL cuts, TPP improved juiciness and reheating yields. Marinating at low pH reduced microbial growth; marinating at high pH improved sensory properties, WHC, fresh pork processing yields and precooked pork juiciness and reheating yields.
Intrayolk Sac Delivery of Viral Vaccines to Broilers

SUMMARY The intrayolk sac (IYS) vaccination method differs from accepted methods (i.e., in ovo and s.c. vaccinations). The major difference is that the IYS method ensures simultaneous delivery of several vaccines and biologics in a single injection into the yolk sac of the newly hatched chick. The mechanism of action is as the yolk is absorbed over 7 to 10 d after hatching, vaccines are metered continuously into the chicks. With in ovo and s.c. methods, antigens are presented to immune recognition cells for only a short period. Experiment 1 was a typical university broiler grow-out study. One-day-old broilers received commercial vaccine for Marek’s disease (MD) by s.c. or IYS vaccination. Nonvaccinated chicks were negative controls. Results of production during a 43-d grow out, indicated IYS vaccinated chicks performed as well as birds vaccinated by the s.c. method. Experiment 2 was a commercial field study. Broilers were vaccinated by hatchery personnel and reared in commercial houses. Production results of the IYS vaccination alone were compared with results from a combination of s.c. and spray vaccinations followed by field booster vaccination. IYS involved a single IYS inoculation of commercial vaccines for MD (both HVT and SB1 strains), infectious bursal disease (IBDV), tensynovitis, Newcastle disease, and infectious bronchitis. The s.c. scheme involved giving hatch mates a single s.c. inoculation of the same commercial vaccines for MD, IBDV, tensynovitis, and, within 1 h, spray vaccination for Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis. Finally, the s.c. birds were given a booster vaccination for IBDV and infectious bronchitis via drinking water at 18 d of age. Gentamycin was added to the IYS and s.c. inoculums. The birds that received only IYS vaccinations did not receive field boosts. Birds remained in commercial houses until 62 d of age. Live production results, as well as plant condemnation results, did not differ between the 2 vaccination programs.
Rapid synthesis and turnover of brain microsomal ether phospholipids in the adult rat

The rates of synthesis, turnover, and half-lives were determined for brain microsomal ether phospholipids in the awake adult unanesthetized rat. A multicompartmental kinetic model of phospholipid metabolism, based on known pathways of synthesis, was applied to data generated by a 5 min intravenous infusion of [1,1-3H]hexadecanol. At 2 h post-infusion, 29%, 33%, and 31% of the total labeled brain phospholipid was found in the 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, ethanolamine, and choline ether phospholipid fractions, respectively. Autoradiography and membrane fractionation showed that 3% of the net incorporated radiotracer was in myelin at 2 h, compared to 97% in gray matter microsomal and synaptosomal fractions. Based on evidence that ether phospholipid synthesis occurs in the microsomal membrane fraction, we calculated the synthesis rates of plasmanylcholine, plasmanylethanolamine, plasmenylethanolamine, and plasmenylcholine equal to 1.2, 9.3, 27.6, and 21.5 nmol·g−1·min−1, respectively. Therefore, 8% of the total brain ether phospholipids have half-lives of about 36.5, 26.7, 23.1, and 15.1 min, respectively. Furthermore, we clearly demonstrate that there are at least two pools of ether phospholipids in the adult rat brain. One is the static myelin pool with a slow rate of tracer incorporation and the other is a dynamic pool found in gray matter. The short half-lives of microsomal ether phospholipids and the rapid transfer to synaptosomes are consistent with evidence of the marked involvement of these lipids in brain signal transduction and synaptic function. —Rosenberger, T. A., J. Oki, A. D. Purdon, S. I. Rapoport, and E. J. Murphy. Rapid synthesis and turnover of brain microsomal ether phospholipids in the adult rat. J. Lipid Res. 2002. 43: 59–68.
Intramuscular Piroxicam, a New Dosage Form, in the Treatment of Acute Musculoskeletal Disorders:

Ten investigators in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland participated in an open trial of intramuscular piroxicam involving 135 patients with selected acute sprains, tendinitis or low back pain. The drug was given in the recommended regimen of 40 mg once daily for 2 days and 20 mg once daily thereafter. Statistically significant improvement from baseline in pain was evident within 1 hour of the initial dose, an effect which was enhanced over a 12-hour period and which lasted for 24 hours. After 3 days of intramuscular injections, pain, tenderness, morning stiffness and back elongation were markedly improved. Subsequent treatment with either intramuscular or oral piroxicam further improved these symptoms and most patients recovered their normal physical activity within a week. The drug was well tolerated; twenty-five patients (18.5%) reported side-effects possibly related to piroxicam. Nearly all were mild or moderate in severity with only six resulting in disruption of therapy. Most adverse reactions involved the upper gastrointestinal tract, but there were no reports of gastric bleeding. Except for a few patients with injection site pain, the side-effect profile was similar to that established with the oral dosage form. Toleration was regarded as excellent or good in about 84% of the patients. The results indicate that intramuscular piroxicam can provide rapid and effective therapy with good toleration in the treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders.
Memorandum for the Mombasa Law Court of Kenya Re: Piracy TrialsIssue: Potential Procedural Problems with Applying International Standards in Domestic Kenyan Courts

This memorandum explores Kenya’s assumed responsibility for prosecuting apprehended Somali piracy suspects from capturing nation states through bilateral agreements and the conflicts that might arise when incorporating international legal norms. This memorandum also includes a discussion on the evolution of piracy in international law, Kenya’s domestication of international maritime law, and the procedural issues that may arise from trying piracy and applying international legal norms in Kenyan domestic courts. The issues include human rights, the sovereign rights of states, international maritime law, international criminal legal standards, global security and economic concerns, as well as a “new” pirate. Also, in an attempt to explore other possible issues that may arise for the Kenyan courts during the piracy trials, this memorandum provides brief case studies of other domestic courts, which have in the past or are currently adhering to international criminal law standards. Lastly, this memorandum examines ways in which the Kenyan courts can address the obstacles presented.
Understanding nonviolence: contours and contexts, edited by Maia Carter Hallward and Julie M. Norman

The global increase of nonviolent movements in the past few decades has offered an opportunity to reconsider the dynamics of unarmed strategies as tools for social and political change. Understandi...
Epidemiology of violence and theft in the workplace.

Although homicides at work attract the media's attention, data extrapolated from the National Crime Victimization Survey show nonfatal workplace violence to be much more common. The survey estimates that 3.5 million personal crime victimizations occur annually, including 900,000 aggravated and simple assaults and 100,000 rapes and robberies. Language: en
American Mosaic: The Immigrant Experience in the Words of Those Who Lived it.: By Joan Morrison and Charlotte Fox Zabusky. Foreword by Oscar Handlin. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1980. 457 pp. Hardbound, $19.95.

(1982). American Mosaic: The Immigrant Experience in the Words of Those Who Lived it. The Oral History Review: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 164-165.
Homosexuals in the Armed Forces: A Rejoinder to the Reply by Cameron and Cameron:

Cameron and Cameron (1988) insist that the data for their survey of attitudes toward homosexuals in the military (Cameron, Cameron, & Proctor, 1988) were obtained from a national random sample of adults. However, a national random sample of adults is (ideally) a sample in which each adult in the nation has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Although no sample actually attains that ideal of complete randomization, these aurhors' sample, which included data from only five cities, is obviously much too limited to be termed a national random sample. The possibility that other writers might have misused the term "national random sample" is no reason for the Camerons to perpetuate that misuse. The Camerons probably are correct in asserting that their data verify (with some accuraq) that many persons in our society have negative attitudes towards homosexuals and do not wish them to serve in the military. The Camerons assert that in view of their data the current policies that exclude homosexuals from military service should be maintained. However, their data also might imply that efforts should be expended to increase societal acceptance of homosexuals rather rhan chat sanctions against them should be supported (Boor, 1988). The relative merits of these inferences cannot be determined solely by empirical investigation but instead must be determined in part by subjective value judgments. Persons who place a high value on the desires of majorities and of public institutions might tend to agree with the views of the Camerons, whereas persons who place a high value on the preferences of minorities and of specific individuals might support alternative views. In conclusion, the Camerons do not distinguish between inferences from data that can be subjected to scientific verification and chose chat are determined by subjective value judgments. Scientists should present their findings in an objective, dispassionate manner in scientific publications, and they should employ other forums if they wish to comment on the controversial social implications of their findings.
GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATIONS OF MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS IN RANDOMBRED HOUSE MICE.

The phenotypic correlation coefficient (rp) is regularly employed as a measure of association between metric traits in a variety of morphogenic studies. Multivariate techniques such as component analysis and factor analysis (Harman, 1967), extensively used with mammalian dental and/or skeletal systems (Jolicoeur and Mosimann, 1960; Wallace and Bader, 1967; Gould and Garwood, 1969; Riddle, 1971; Leamy, 1975), typically start with a matrix of such correlations. However, the phenotypic correlation between two traits is influenced by both genetic and environmental sources of variation in much the same way as is the total phenotypic variation in a single trait. Therefore, most such studies usually attempt to interpret factors, components, or forces which necessarily confound these sources. An alternative approach, only rarely used (Bailey, 1956; Yap Potter et al., 1968), involves performing the appropriate multivariate technique on separate genetic and environmental correlations rather than on phenotypic correlations only. The genetic correlation (rA) between two traits may be obtained in a conventional quantitative genetic analysis from the association of the two traits in related individuals. It is generated by the covariation of additive genetic values for the two traits, and if significantly different from 0, is an indicator of pleiotropy and/or linkage (Falconer, 1960). Genetic correlations are also of interest because they determine, in part, the amount of change which can be brought about in one character by artificial or natural selection for the other (correlated) character. Environmental sources of covariation are both many and varied, and may result ih an environmental correlation (rE) quite different from the genetic correlation in magnitude, and sometimes even in sign (see Falconer, 1960 for examples). A recently completed experiment provided data suitable for a quantitative genetic analysis of 15 osteometric and 3 external metric traits in randombred house mice (Leamy, 1974), and for calculation of genetic and environmental correlations. The purpose of this paper is the presentation and analysis (by multivariate clustering and ordination techniques) of these correlations. The patterns of association are also compared to those previously found from a principal component analysis of the phenotypic correlations among these same traits (Leamy, 1975).
Molecular epidemiology traits of 8 Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning incidents

Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiology traits of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Zhenjiang and surrounding areas. Methods 40 Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were collected from the samples of food poison incidents occurred in Zhenjiang and surrounding areas in 2011. Biochemical identification,tdh,trh and toxRS / new gene detection, serotyping and pulse-field gel electrophoresis( PFGE) were applied to these strains. Results The positive rate of tdh,trh, toxRS / new and orf8 were 85. 0%,5. 0%,50. 0% and 42. 5%,respectively. The prevalent serotype was O3∶ K6( 32 /40).The similarity of PFGE type between group A and B was more than 80%. Conclusion Strains from different regions in Zhenjiang and surrounding areas were mainly O3∶ K6 pandemic clone and highly homologous.
Great myths of aging, by Joan T. Erber and Lenore T. Szuchman

Growing old may be one of the most feared and misunderstood rites of passage we encounter as human beings. Unfortunately, our society has stigmatized the aging process, and many myths persist about...
Angiographic Stent Thrombosis at Coronary Bifurcations: Short- and Long-Term Prognosis

Objectives This study sought to describe the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients presenting with angiographic definite stent thrombosis (ST) at coronary bifurcations. Background The development of drug-eluting stents has made it increasingly feasible to treat bifurcation lesions percutaneously. However, ST at coronary bifurcations may be associated with greater mortality than ST elsewhere. Methods We analyzed a multicenter California registry comprising all cases of angiographic definite ST at 5 academic hospitals from 2005 to 2010. Stenting was defined as occurring at a bifurcation if the main vessel stent crossed a side branch ≥2.0 mm in diameter (provisional single-stent approach), or if there was a prior 2-stent bifurcation approach. Results Among 173 cases of angiographic definite ST, we identified 20 cases of ST at coronary bifurcations. Nine of 20 bifurcation ST (45%) occurred with a stent present in both the parent and branch vessel. Eight cases had thrombus present in both the parent and side branch vessels. In-hospital mortality was much higher for subjects with bifurcation ST than ST at a nonbifurcation site (20% vs. 2%, p Conclusions ST at coronary bifurcations is associated with a higher in-hospital and long-term mortality than ST at nonbifurcation lesions. (Stent Thrombus in Acute Coronary Syndromes; NCT00931502)
Correlation study of endohedrally confined alkaline-earth-metal atoms ( A @ C 60 )

The effects of endohedral confinement on the correlation energy of Be, Mg, and Ca atoms have been investigated using modified Hartree-Fock and multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock methods where the endohedral system $(A@{\text{C}}_{60})$ is approximated as an atom enclosed in an attractive spherically symmetric potential well of inner radius $r\ensuremath{\sim}5.8$ a.u. and thickness of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}\ensuremath{\sim}1.89$ a.u., and correlation energies are studied as a function of the depth of the confining potential ($0\ensuremath{\le}{U}_{0}\ensuremath{\le}1$ a.u.) to give some idea as to how the correlation energy behaves in different endohedral environments. In general, we have found that as a function of well depth, starting from the free atom, valence electrons diffuse outward in the presence of the confining potential, which causes the electrons to be further apart, thereby decreasing the correlation energy; however, with further increase of well depth, the valence electrons become trapped in the confining well and, as a result of their being closer together, the correlation energy increases.
Robust implantable blood pressure sensor packaging for long-term laboratory animals monitoring

A robust implantable blood pressure sensor packaging technique is demonstrated for long-term laboratory animals monitoring. The packaged sensors achieve a lifetime over 100 days in PBS solution at 37 °C, adequate for the proposed implantable application for life sciences research. The proposed packaging technique employs a multi-layer of Parylene and PDMS coating over a MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor, thus effectively slowing down the moisture penetration and electrochemical etching of the metal traces on sensor surface or PCB surface under a bias condition. Further analysis of experimental results reveals a strong relationship between lifetime of packaged sensors and bias voltage level, suggesting a design trade-off between system sensitivity and reliability.
Administrative Law and Service Learning: Clients, Repetition, and Race:

The public service mission of public administration programs invites rethinking the exclusive focus on federal court decisions in administrative law courses. In spring 2015, we worked together in a...