cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation of boundary layer flows over biofouled surfaces

This study presents a methodology for modeling a developing turbulent boundary layer flows over surfaces with large (macro-scale) rougness elements, with particular application to flow over bio-fouled surfaces. A sharp-interface immersed boundary method coupled with a wall model and large-eddy simulations is used to carry out accurate simulations of flow over such macro-bio-fouled surfaces. Simulation of flow over arrays of modeled barnacles with different barnacle density have been carried out, and results are presented on the effect of distribution density on the flow physics, and the drag on the surfaces. Furthermore, a surface containing roughness elements of two length-scales is compared to the single-scale case to illustrate the effect of having roughness elements of more than one scale.
Impact of Endovascular Technique on Fluoroscopy Usage: Stent-Assisted Coiling versus Flow Diversion for Paraclinoid Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms

Flow diversion is increasingly being utilized for the treatment of internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of endovascular technique--flow diversion versus stent-assisted coiling (SAC) on fluoroscopy time in patients treated for wide-neck paraclinoid ICA aneurysms. A retrospective review identified the 20 most recent consecutive patients treated for wide-neck paraclinoid ICA aneurysms by flow diversion and SAC respectively. Fluoroscopy time, cumulative dose area-product (DAP), contrast usage, intra-procedural complications, and total procedure time were collected and compared between the two treatment techniques. Treatment groups were comparable in terms of demographics, contrast usage, and clinical and angiographic outcomes. Flow diversion was associated with a significant reduction in fluoroscopy time (52.0 minutes versus 77.4 minutes), and demonstrated a strong trend towards shorter total procedure time (172 minutes versus 202 minutes). Average patient radiation exposure as measured by DAP was lower in the flow diversion group, 13225 mGyxcm2 versus 15124 mGyxcm2, although this finding was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in contrast usage between the two groups, 152 ml and 159 (flow diversion and SAC respectively). The rate of complete aneurysm occlusion was higher in the flow diversion group (80% versus 60%). Endovascular treatment of paraclinoid ICA aneurysms with flow diversion is associated with shorter fluoroscopy times compared to stent-assisted coiling. There is also a likely reduction in overall procedure time. These results should be considered when recommending a treatment course for patients with such lesions.
Contents of Copper,Zinc and Iron in Hair of Children Aged 0-2 Years Old in Macheng City

[Objective]To study the normal levels and nutrition status of copper,zinc and iron in hair of infants.[Methods]The hair samples were collected from infants.After pretreatment,the contents of copper,zinc and iron were measured by flame atomic spectrophotography,and the results were analyzed statistically.[Results]The contents of copper,zinc and iron of infants aged 0~3 months remained at high level.The contents gradually decreased with increasing of age in 3~12 months old infants,especially zinc content.The contents increased slightly again in 13~24 months old infants.[Conclusion]The trace element supplement should be strengthened in infants.
Development Status of High Temperature Superconducting Cable

High temperature superconducting(HTS) cable has become one of the basic technologies for smart grid,and has drawn more and more attention in electric power system due to its advantages of low energy loss,large capacity,and no pollution.In this paper,the configuration,features and advantages of HTS cable are introduced,and the development status of HTS cable both at home and abroad are expounded.The application fields of HTS cable are pointed out.Besides,the unsolved technical,economic and applicable problems in the application of HTS cable in smart grid are discussed.
Determination of albiflorin and paeoniflorin in Radix Paeoniae Rubra by HPLC

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the determination of albiflorin and paeoniflorin in Radix Paeoniae Rubra.METHODS An HPLC method was set up.A Lichrosphere C18 column(4.6mm×250mm,5μm) was used with the mobile phase of methanol-water(35∶65).The flow rate was 1.00mL·min-1.The column temperature was 30℃ and the detection wavelength was 230nm.RESULTS The linear range of albiflorin and paeoniflorin was within 0.00788～0.15760μg(r=0.9999,n=6)and 0.08356～1.67120μg(r=0.9999,n=6),the average recoveries were 93.85% and 96.58%,respectively.CONCLUSION This method was quick,simple,accurate and specific.It can be used for the quality control of Radix Paeoniae.
To what extent can and should revegetation serve as restoration

Desertification and climate change are degrading large areas of arid and semiarid habitat in many regions. In response, many countries have implemented revegetation programs, commonly using Atriplex nummularia, native to Australia. Although not intrinsically targeted at habitat restoration, these programs aim to restore (stabilize) erosional processes and provide livestock forage (usually goats, sheep). Few investigators have assessed the utility of these novel habitats for native fauna. In a recent, extensive survey of small mammal communities in lands revegetated with A. nummularia in north-central Chile, we captured a single animal, the marsupial (Thylamys elegans). We also captured no birds in our live traps and saw numerous darkling beetles in traps. These striking results contrasted with data from a nearby ungrazed park with natural vegetation where 10 small mammal species are known with total abundances ranging from 15 to 80 animals in similar sampling efforts. These revegetated lands provide poor habitat for native mammals, and we argue that revegetation efforts should include proactive risk assessment and cost-benefit analyses in a structured decision-making framework. In addition, managers should target increased plant species diversity to support broader biological diversity in addition to the need to control erosion. Although our work has focused on revegetation with Atriplex, numerous other plant species have been intentionally introduced to arid lands, usually for economic reasons; many of these, like Atriplex, have unintended consequences for native biota.
Creation of an iOS and Android Mobile Application for Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filters: A Powerful Tool to Optimize Care of Patients with IVC Filters

Owing to a myriad of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter types and their potential complications, rapid and correct identification may be challenging when encountered on routine imaging. The authors aimed to develop an interactive mobile application that allows recognition of all IVC filters and related complications, to optimize the care of patients with indwelling IVC filters. The FDA Premarket Notification Database was queried from 1980 to 2014 to identify all IVC filter types in the United States. An electronic search was then performed on MEDLINE and the FDA MAUDE database to identify all reported complications associated with each device. High-resolution photos were taken of each filter type and corresponding computed tomographic and fluoroscopic images were obtained from an institutional review board–approved IVC filter registry. A wireframe and storyboard were created, and software was developed using HTML5/CSS compliant code. The software was deployed using PhoneGap (Adobe, San Jose, CA), and the prototype was tested and refined. Twenty-three IVC filter types were identified for inclusion. Safety data from FDA MAUDE and 72 relevant peer-reviewed studies were acquired, and complication rates for each filter type were highlighted in the application. Digital photos, fluoroscopic images, and CT DICOM files were seamlessly incorporated. All data were succinctly organized electronically, and the software was successfully deployed into Android (Google, Mountain View, CA) and iOS (Apple, Cupertino, CA) platforms. A powerful electronic mobile application was successfully created to allow rapid identification of all IVC filter types and related complications. This application may be used to optimize the care of patients with IVC filters.
Treatment of Drug Abuse Syndromes

This article serves as an introduction to the treatment of the various drug abuse syndromes. The theoretical concept underlying all diagnoses in drug dependence is presented first in detail, along with an extensive discussion of how these diagnoses are operationalized. Tolerance and dependence among the various drugs of abuse are considered. The review of treatment approaches divides drugs of abuse into pharmacologic categories and treatment into time segments, acute detoxification, intermediate-term, and long-term treatment. Pharmacotherapies for each of the categories of substance abuse and for each of the time periods are presented in a treatment-oriented fashion. Drug substitution therapy is considered. Individual and group therapy are discussed, as is education in the form of group process and peer feedback. The role of peer support groups is stressed. Finally, patient placement criteria across levels of care are explained.
Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis

The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS, n=60) and healthy controls (n=43). Microbiome alterations in MS include increases in Methanobrevibacter and Akkermansia and decreases in Butyricimonas, and correlate with variations in the expression of genes involved in dendritic cell maturation, interferon signalling and NF-kB signalling pathways in circulating T cells and monocytes. Patients on disease-modifying treatment show increased abundances of Prevotella and Sutterella, and decreased Sarcina, compared with untreated patients. MS patients of a second cohort show elevated breath methane compared with controls, consistent with our observation of increased gut Methanobrevibacter in MS in the first cohort. Further study is required to assess whether the observed alterations in the gut microbiome play a role in, or are a consequence of, MS pathogenesis.
From practice to theory to practice: William Penn from prison to the founding of Pennsylvania

ABSTRACTRecent scholarship on religious toleration has been marked by a keen interest in the relationship between theory and practice. This essay takes up the genesis of William Penn’s theorizing about toleration in his experience of imprisonment, focusing on four particular episodes during his early years as a Quaker (between 1667 and 1671). These years were formative for Penn as a young man as well as for the increasingly sophisticated movement for toleration in Restoration England. The broader political theory that Penn articulated in England and attempted to realize in Pennsylvania contained economic, political, social, legal, and religious components, worked out in drafts of founding documents over the course of many months. But the foundation of that theory – its unshakeable commitment to liberty of conscience, its faith in juries as a potential restraint on the arbitrary exercise of power by civil governors, its unsteady mix of principled and pragmatic underpinnings – was laid in Penn’s early years...
Transmission pathways and mediators as the basis for clinical pharmacology of pain

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mediators in pain transmission are the targets of a multitude of different analgesic pharmaceuticals. This review explores the most significant mediators of pain transmission as well as the pharmaceuticals that act on them.Areas covered: The review explores many of the key mediators of pain transmission. In doing so, this review uncovers important areas for further research. It also highlights agents with potential for producing novel analgesics, probes important interactions between pain transmission pathways that could contribute to synergistic analgesia, and emphasizes transmission factors that participate in transforming acute injury into chronic pain.Expert commentary: This review examines current pain research, particularly in the context of identifying novel analgesics, highlighting interactions between analgesic transmission pathways, and discussing factors that may contribute to the development of chronic pain after an acute injury.
Hermeneutic Otherness: ‘A Feeling of Deflection from a Viable Centre’ in Reading A Severed Head

The strange is construed rather than explained; hermeneutic hesitation leads to a more positive awareness of otherness.2 The theme of epiphanic otherness discussed in the previous chapter emphasised the reader’s experience of what might be called a seizure into the synchronic, a moment when the reader recognises, as the progress of the story diminishes, that the effect of the work can be a significant dimension of its meaning. It led us to the awareness that Joyce’s stylistic teachniques renew our attention for and enable us to see freshly the otherness of reality as announced wholly, solely, by limited perspectives. In The Political Unconscious, Fredric Jameson calls this the effect of ‘diachronic agitation’,3 and Geoffrey Hartman has described the experience as ‘epiphanous resonance’4 in Criticism in the Wilderness. Recent critical thought, I would suggest, has been wrestling with ways of understanding the act of reading when, in David Hoy’s terms, it makes ‘hermeneutics more “restless”’.5 In my view, the tension within the idea of epiphany is that it may be seen to press towards the idea of archetype, that the ‘whatness’ showing forth must be some universal pattern; thus, one recalls that the paradigmatic example of the return to the ‘mythic’ stage for Northrop Frye is Finnegans Wake.
Demographics of Cancer in the Reproductive Age Male

This chapter discusses the demographics of cancer, impact of treatment, and fertility preservation techniques in the reproductive aged male. As men delay fatherhood, the likelihood of developing cancer increases. Leukemia, central nervous system tumors, lymphoma, and testis cancer are the most common pediatric and adolescent cancers. Different chemotherapeutic agents have a low, medium, or high potential of having a negative impact on spermatogenesis. Radiation to the cranium has not been shown to have any detrimental effect on the hypothalamus pituitary axis, whereas whole-body irradiation and radiation to the testes has been shown to damage testicular components. Impact of treatment on fertility should be discussed with each reproductive aged male with cancer, and fertility preservation should be offered prior to treatment.
A matter of perspective: the role of casual attribution in the assessment of user-system outcomes

The working relationship of information systems (IS) professionals and end users is an ongoing source of both research and practical concern. This study employs Attribution Theory to examine the causal attributions IS professionals and end users make for successful and unsuccessful user-system outcomes-- end user attempts to use an information system to get the information needed to complete system-dependent, work-related tasks. Eighty-six IS professionals and 122 end users participated. The results show no differences in the nature of IS professional-end user attributions for successful outcomes, but very significant differences between them following unsuccessful outcomes. Post hoc analysis indicates that for unsuccessful user-system outcomes, the causal attributions of IS professionals and end users who are cross-functional team members are significantly less divergent than the causal attributions of those who are not. The implications of Attribution Theory for IS professional-end user interaction are discussed.
Latent typologies of posttraumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders.

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating and often chronic psychiatric disorder. Following the 9/11/2001 World Trade Center (WTC) attacks, thousands of individuals were involved in rescue, recovery and clean-up efforts. While a growing body of literature has documented the prevalence and correlates of PTSD in WTC responders, no study has evaluated predominant typologies of PTSD in this population. Participants were 4352 WTC responders with probable WTC-related DSM-IV PTSD. Latent class analyses were conducted to identify predominant typologies of PTSD symptoms and associated correlates. A 3-class solution provided the optimal representation of latent PTSD symptom typologies. The first class, labeled “High-Symptom (n = 1,973, 45.3%),” was characterized by high probabilities of all PTSD symptoms. The second class, “Dysphoric (n = 1,371, 31.5%),” exhibited relatively high probabilities of emotional numbing and dysphoric arousal (e.g., sleep disturbance). The third class, “Threat (n = 1,008, 23.2%),” was characterized by high probabilities of re-experiencing, avoidance and anxious arousal (e.g., hypervigilance). Compared to the Threat class, the Dysphoric class reported a greater number of life stressors after 9/11/2001 (OR = 1.06). The High-Symptom class was more likely than the Threat class to have a positive psychiatric history before 9/11/2001 (OR = 1.7) and reported a greater number of life stressors after 9/11/2001 (OR = 1.1). The High-Symptom class was more likely than the Dysphoric class, which was more likely than the Threat class, to screen positive for depression (83% > 74% > 53%, respectively), and to report greater functional impairment (High-Symptom > Dysphoric [Cohen d = 0.19], Dysphoric > Threat [Cohen d = 0.24]). These results may help inform assessment, risk stratification, and treatment approaches for PTSD in WTC and disaster responders.
Lifeline Performance under Extreme Loading During Earthquakes

Soil–structure interaction under extreme loading conditions includes performance during earthquakes, floods, landslides, large deformation induced by tunneling and deep excavations, and subsidence caused by severe dewatering or withdrawal of minerals and fluids during mining and oil production. Such loading conditions are becoming increasingly more important as technologies are developed to cope with natural hazards, human threats, and construction in congested urban environments. This paper examines extreme loading conditions with reference to earthquakes, which are used as an example of how extreme loading influences behavior locally and throughout geographically distributed systems. The paper covers performance from the component to the system-wide level to provide guidance in developing an integrated approach to the application of geotechnology over large, geographically distributed networks. The paper describes the effects of earthquake-induced ground deformation on underground facilities, and extends this treatment to the system-wide performance of the Los Angeles water supply during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Large-scale experiments to evaluate soil–structure interaction under extreme loading conditions are described with reference to tests of abrupt ground rupture effects on underground pipelines. Largescale tests and the development of design curves are described for the forces imposed on pipelines during ground failure.
A novel electromechanical autoinjector, AutoTouch™, for self-injection of etanercept: real-world use and benefits.

ABSTRACTObjectives: We assessed the ability of patients with autoimmune inflammatory diseases to successfully use the investigational AutoTouch™ reusable autoinjector as well as patient preference for AutoTouch™ versus the currently marketed single-use prefilled etanercept SureClick® autoinjector.Methods: Two multicenter studies were performed: a Home Use Study and a Patient Preference Study. In the Home Use Study, 77 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriatic arthritis self-administered etanercept once weekly for 5 weeks. The primary end point was successful self-injection of etanercept via AutoTouch™. The Patient Preference Study was an open-label, randomized, 8-week crossover trial (4 weeks for each device) in 216 patients with RA or psoriasis (PsO). The primary end point was preference for AutoTouch™ versus SureClick®.Results: In the Home Use Study, the proportion of successful self-injections with AutoTouch™ during weeks 1 through 5 was 97.8% (95% CI, 96.3‒99.3). In the Patient Preference S...
Repeated games for power control in wireless communications: Equilibrium and regret

Game theory, as a powerful conceptual framework, has in the past decade or so been widely applied to wireless communications in a variety of contexts. One such context is power control, where a game-theoretic formulation is particularly well-motivated since the distributed power control paradigm makes it natural to treat each wireless link (consisting of a transmitter and a receiver) as a player equipped with its own incentives. However, much of the work on game-theoretic studies of power control has been focused on one-shot games, where the emphasis is placed on either characterizing the existence and/or uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium or dynamics for reaching that Nash equilibrium In this paper, we consider a repeated game framework for power control in wireless communications that captures the salient features of the repeated interactions between different wireless links. We present a unified presentation of both finitely and infinitely repeated games and discuss the interesting information structure special to the power control setting. We then consider in depth two classes of solution concepts: Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium (SPNE) and no-regret strategy. For the former, we characterize the existence and uniqueness/multiplicity of SPNE; for the latter, we take an online convex optimization approach and design a power control scheme that is no regret for a link (irrespective of what the other links do), with an explicit finite time regret bound. These two solution concepts not only serve the normative role (from an economic-theoretical standpoint) of explaining how the wireless links transmit power in repeated interactions, but also induce distributed power control schemes that enjoy desirable properties from an engineering standpoint. Finally, we study a special case (one with “good” channel conditions) where we give a different power control strategy that both enjoys a more refined regret bound and converges to the unique Nash equilibrium of the stage game.
Phase I dose escalation, toxicity and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI imaging biomarker study of first line treatment with imatinib (I) and cisplatin (C) plus docetaxel (D) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

18056 Background: Imatinib (I) inhibits activated PDGF-Rβ and down-regulates VEGF resulting in decreased angiogenesis and improved blood flow favoring enhanced tumor drug delivery in lung cancer xe...
An improved DNA-sticker addition algorithm and its application to logarithmic arithmetic

The sticker model of computation, implemented using robotic processing of DNA, manipulates in parallel many bitstrings, called strands, that are contained in a limited number of tubes. Prior sticker-addition algorithms are patterned on digital-electronic full-adders that generate carry bits, each of which must be saved in the strand, which involves wasting the strand or using a clear operation (whose biochemical implementation may be problematic). This paper proposes a new sticker-addition algorithm which does not need to record the carry bits. Instead, which tube holds a particular strand implicitly describes whether or not a carry is required. The speed and number of tubes needed are about half that needed by the prior approach. An example is given for real-valued Euclidian norms using the Logarithmic Number System.
Lumbar skeletal muscle index derived from routine computed tomography exams predict adverse post-extubation outcomes in critically ill patients.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of a skeletal muscle index derived from a routine CT image at the level of vertebral body L3 (L3SMI) on outcomes of extubated patients in the surgical intensive care unit. Materials and methods 231 patients of a prospective observational trial ( NCT01967056 ) who had undergone CT within 5 days of extubation were included. L3SMI was computed using semi-automated segmentation. Primary outcomes were pneumonia within 30 days of extubation, adverse discharge disposition and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included re-intubation within 72 h, total hospital costs, ICU length of stay (LOS), post-extubation LOS and total hospital LOS. Outcomes were analyzed using multivariable regression models with a priori-defined covariates height, gender, age, APACHE II score and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results L3SMI was an independent predictor of pneumonia (aOR 0.96; 95% CI 0.941–0.986; P = 0.002), adverse discharge disposition (aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.957–0.999; P = 0.044) and 30-day mortality (aOR 0.94; 95% CI 0.890–0.995; P = 0.033). L3SMI was significantly lower in re-intubated patients (P = 0.024). Secondary analyses suggest that L3SMI is associated with total hospital costs (P = 0.043) and LOS post-extubation (P = 0.048). Conclusion The lumbar skeletal muscle index, derived from routine abdominal CT, is an objective prognostic tool at the time of extubation.
Biodegradation of aflatoxin by peroxidase enzyme produced by local isolate of Pseudomonas sp.

Twenty isolates of bacterial isolates were screening for peroxidase activity. The isolate 13 was performance higher peroxidase activity among all isolates with activity (23 U/ml). The selected isolate was characterized and identified according to morphological and biochemical tests as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optimum pH for peroxidase activity was 6 with activity (42) U/ml. The result showed an increase in the activity at 40°C and peroxidase activity reached to (71) U/ml. The peroxidase from Pseudomonas sp able to degrade aflatoxin B1 after 24h and the maximum degradation (87%) was attained after 72 h at enzyme concentration 71 U/ml.
A magnetic resonance imaging framework for quantifying intervertebral disc deformation in vivo: Reliability and application to diurnal variations in lumbar disc shape.

Abstract Low back pain is a significant socioeconomic burden in the United States and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration is frequently implicated as a cause. The discs play an important mechanical role in the spine, yet the relationship between disc function and back pain is poorly defined. The objective of this work was to develop a technique using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional modeling to measure in vivo disc deformations. Using this method, we found that disc geometry was measurable with precision less than the in-plane dimensions of a voxel (≈100 µm, 10% of the MRI pixel size). Furthermore, there was excellent agreement between mean disc height, disc perimeter, disc volume and regional disc height measurements for multiple trials from an individual rater (standard deviation
The Peculiar Pentagon Property

This is a study of parapolar spaces whose point-residues satisfy the “pentagon property” of A. Cohen. Upon adding two hypotheses on points and symplecta, the only geometries of finite symplectic rank that emerge are metasymplectic spaces and polar Grassmannians of d-dimensional singular subspaces, d > 0, for some polar space. The proof requires Hanssens’ principle and the machinery of Chap. 11. Some open questions arise when either of the two hypotheses are relaxed.
ADAPTIVE PATTERN RECOGNITION: A STATE-VARIABLE APPROACH

A state-variable approach to Bayes-optimal adaptive pattern recognition is presented for continuous data systems. Both structure and parameter adaptation, as well as supervised and unsupervised learning are considered and Bayes-optimal as well as suboptimal, recursive recognition algorithms are given. The state-variable approach consists of modeling random processes involved as the outputs of dynamic systems, linear or nonlinear, excited by white noise, and describing the systems in state-variable form. Several fundamental pattern recognition results obtained using the state-variable approach are discussed. Specifically, for the class of adaptive pattern recognition problems with signals modeled by nonlinear dynamic systems excited by white gaussian noise and observed in white gaussian noise, the following results are presented and discussed. a) The fundamental relationship between pattern recognition and estimation is established. Namely, it is shown that pattern recognition/detection constitutes mean-square nonlinear estimation; b) A “partition theorem” is derived that enables decomposition of the nonlinear adaptive pattern recognition system into two parts, a nonadaptive part consisting of recursive matched filters, and an adaptive part that incorporates the learning nature of the adaptive recognition system; c) For the special class of pattern recognition problems with linear dynamic models, the “partition theorem” partitions the nonlinear adaptive recognition system into a linear nonadaptive part consisting of Kalman filters, and a nonlinear adaptive part; d) Several simplified recursive recognition algorithms are presented with substantial computational advantages and high performance; and finally, e) Recursive and computationally efficient algorithms are given for the on-line performance evaluation of the adaptive recognition systems. Moreover, two special cases are considered, namely that of supervised learning, treated previously by Lainiotis, and the case of independent signalling random processes. For the special case of independent signalling random processes, the results for continuous data are similar to those obtained by Fralick for discrete, conditionally independent data. Both deterministic decision-directed learning as well as random decision-directed learning algorithms (Agrawala's LPT) for continuous data are also obtained. Moreover, suboptimal, recursive, unsupervised learning algorithms are obtained based on approximate nonlinear estimation procedures.
A Review of the Effects of Moderate Alcohol Intake on Psychiatric and Sleep Disorders

In this chapter we discuss the effects of moderate ethanol consumption on the treatment of psychiatric and sleep disorders. A review of the literature on the interactions of ethanol with neurotransmitters and psychotropic medications suggests that although ethanol affects the clinical course of psychiatric and sleep disorders by different mechanisms, it does so principally through perturbations it causes in the balance of central nervous system neurotransmitter systems, which may modify the clinical course of primary psychiatric and sleep disorders and undermine the therapeutic response to psychotropic medications. Neurotransmitter responses may also be manifested clinically by rebound phenomena, akin to a subsyndromal withdrawal, which affect sleep and precipitate anxiety and mood symptoms. In addition, ethanol also modifies the clearance and disposition of a variety of psychotropic metabolites and interferes with their clinical effectiveness.
The MD Anderson modified cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (mCBAD) for the treatment of newly diagnosed (NDMM) and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).

8044Background: MM follows a clinical course leading to refractoriness and limited treatment options in RRMM. Aggressive NDMM needs rapid cytoreduction for disease control, which may not be possibl...
Vocal Fold Motion Recovery in Patients With Iatrogenic Unilateral Immobility: Cervical Versus Thoracic Injury.

Objectives:Prognostic information about the return of vocal fold mobility in patients with iatrogenic unilateral vocal fold immobility (UVFI) can help with informed decisions about temporary and pe...
Effects of HIV-1 Tat on oligodendrocyte viability are mediated by CaMKIIβ-GSK3β interactions.

Myelin disruptions are frequently reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and can occur in the CNS very early in the disease process. Immature oligodendrocytes (OLs) are quite sensitive to toxic increases in [Ca2+ ]i caused by exposure to HIV-1 Tat (transactivator of transcription, a protein essential for HIV replication and gene expression), but sensitivity to Tat-induced [Ca2+ ]i is reduced in mature OLs. Tat exposure also increased the activity of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase IIβ (CaMKIIβ), the major isoform of CaMKII expressed by OLs, in both immature and mature OLs. Since CaMKIIβ is reported to interact with glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and GSK3β activity is implicated in OL apoptosis as well as HIV neuropathology, we hypothesized that disparate effects of Tat on OL viability with maturity might be because of an altered balance of CaMKIIβ-GSK3β activities. Tat expression in vivo led to increased CaMKIIβ and GSK3β activity in multiple brain regions in transgenic mice. In vitro, immature murine OLs expressed higher levels of GSK3β, but much lower levels of CaMKIIβ, than did mature OLs. Exogenous Tat up-regulated GSK3β activity in immature, but not mature, OLs. Tat-induced death of immature OLs was rescued by the GSK3β inhibitors valproic acid or SB415286, supporting involvement of GSK3β signaling. Pharmacologically inhibiting CaMKIIβ increased GSK3β activity in Tat-treated OLs, and genetically knocking down CaMKIIβ promoted death in mature OL cultures treated with Tat. Together, these results suggest that the effects of Tat on OL viability are dependent on CaMKIIβ-GSK3β interactions, and that increasing CaMKIIβ activity is a potential approach for limiting OL/myelin injury with HIV infection.
Mother-Daughter Communication about Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Health in Females with Chronic Health Conditions.

Abstract Purpose Females with chronic health conditions (CHCs) engage in risky sexual behavior at least as frequently as their healthy counterparts. Among healthy youth, mother-daughter communication about sexual behavior and reproductive health protects against risky sexual behavior. Yet, little is known about the nature of this type of communication in female adolescents with CHCs or factors that contribute to communication. This study described mother-daughter communication frequency, timing, and comfort and examined the role of demographic/disease factors and maternal outcome expectancy (OE), in contributing variance to mother-daughter communication about risky sexual behavior and reproductive health. Design and methods One hundred mother-daughter dyads from outpatient clinics located within a hospital participated. Daughters [ages 14–19; M(SD) age = 16.28 (1.53)] provided demographic information and mothers self-reported frequency, timing, comfort, and OE of mother-daughter communication about sexual behavior and reproductive health. Results Reproductive health topics were discussed with the greatest frequency. Condom and birth control use were discussed less often. Overall, maternal comfort levels were high across topics. Maternal positive OE was associated with all communication domains, accounting for between 11 and 21% of the variance beyond relevant demographic factors. Conclusions Fostering positive maternal OE may enhance multiple domains of mother-daughter communication about sexual behavior and reproductive health in samples of female adolescents with various CHCs. Practice implications Since mothers with positive OE talk about sexual behavior earlier, more frequently, and with greater comfort; nurses are in a unique position to empower mother-daughter communication about sexual behavior and reproductive health and enhance mother OE during clinical encounters.
Modelling diastolic dysfunction in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients

Aims Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is common among hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, causing major morbidity and mortality. However, its cellular mechanisms are not fully understood, and presently there is no effective treatment. Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) hold great potential for investigating the mechanisms underlying DD in HCM and as a platform for drug discovery. Methods and results In the present study, beating iPSC-CMs were generated from healthy controls and HCM patients with DD. Micropatterned iPSC-CMs from HCM patients showed impaired diastolic function, as evidenced by prolonged relaxation time, decreased relaxation rate, and shortened diastolic sarcomere length. Ratiometric Ca2+ imaging indicated elevated diastolic [Ca2+]i and abnormal Ca2+ handling in HCM iPSC-CMs, which were exacerbated by β-adrenergic challenge. Combining Ca2+ imaging and traction force microscopy, we observed enhanced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity (measured as dF/Δ[Ca2+]i) in HCM iPSC-CMs. These results were confirmed with genome-edited isogenic iPSC lines that carry HCM mutations, indicating that cytosolic diastolic Ca2+ overload, slowed [Ca2+]i recycling, and increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, collectively impairing the relaxation of HCM iPSC-CMs. Treatment with partial blockade of Ca2+ or late Na+ current reset diastolic Ca2+ homeostasis, restored diastolic function, and improved long-term survival, suggesting that disturbed Ca2+ signalling is an important cellular pathological mechanism of DD. Further investigation showed increased expression of L-type Ca2+channel (LTCC) and transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPC) in HCM iPSC-CMs compared with control iPSC-CMs, which likely contributed to diastolic [Ca2+]i overload. Conclusion In summary, this study recapitulated DD in HCM at the single-cell level, and revealed novel cellular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of DD using iPSC-CMs.
Antegrade common femoral artery closure device use is associated with decreased complications.

Abstract Objective Antegrade femoral artery access is often used for ipsilateral infrainguinal peripheral vascular intervention. However, the use of closure devices (CD) for antegrade access (AA) is still considered outside the instructions for use for most devices. We hypothesized that CD use for antegrade femoral access would not be associated with an increased odds of access site complications. Methods The Vascular Quality Initiative was queried from 2010 to 2019 for infrainguinal peripheral vascular interventions performed via femoral AA. Patients who had a cutdown or multiple access sites were excluded. Cases were then stratified into whether a CD was used or not. Hierarchical multivariable logistic regressions controlling for hospital-level variation were used to examine the independent association between CD use and access site complications. A sensitivity analysis using coarsened exact matching was performed using factors different between treatment groups to reduce imbalance between the groups. Results Overall, 11,562 cases were identified and 5693 (49.2%) used a CD. Patients treated with a CD were less likely to be white (74.1% vs 75.2%), have coronary artery disease (29.7% vs 33.4%), use aspirin (68.7% vs 72.4%), and have heparin reversal with protamine (15.5% vs 25.6%; all P Conclusions In this nationally representative sample, CD use for AA was associated with a lower odds of hematoma in selected patients. Extending the instructions for use indications for CDs to include femoral AA may decrease the incidence of access site complications, patient exposure to reintervention, and costs to the health care system.
Phonosurgery: A review of current methodologies.

Abstract Cold-steel has served as the gold standard modality of phonosurgery for most of its history. Surgical laser technology has revolutionized this field with its wide use of applications. Additional modalities have also been introduced such as coagulative lasers, photodynamic therapy, and cryotherapy. This review will compare the surgical modalities of cold steel, surgical lasers, phototherapy and cryotherapy. The mechanism of action, tissue effects and typical uses will be addressed for each modality.
Litigating Nonhuman Animal Legal Personhood

In 2017 a New York appellate court issued a landmark ruling rejecting an animal rights organization’s efforts to assign legal personhood status to chimpanzees in Matter of Nonhuman Rights Project, Inc. v. Lavery. This paper provides context for the ruling, and includes an amicus curiae brief the author filed in the case. The court discussed the amicus curiae brief in explaining its ruling, and a prominent animal law blog described the court’s decision as “citing to and relying on” the brief. The brief asserts and the court ruled that rights are broadly connected to humans’ norm of capacity for legal duties, and that because chimpanzees cannot bear legal duties they cannot be legal persons. Animal personhood litigation is in its infancy. The 2017 Lavery decision will be debated and cited for many years because the court directly embraced legal personhood’s foundational connection to the human community rather than dismissing the case on narrow grounds. This paper illuminates the reasoning behind the court’s decision and the argument that society should focus on evolving norms of human responsibility toward animals’ welfare rather than on the pretense of animal legal personhood.
A Computational Model for Natural Language Processing by the Brain

We describe a psycholinguistically and neurolinguistically plausible model of natural-language processing by the human brain. This model is based on the work of Gerard Kempen and coworkers at Leiden and Nijmegen who have developed computational models of language generation and of language recognition. We show how to use our own brain modeling approach to develop a neurolinguistically plausible model based on the Kempen psycholinguistic model. Our model is implemented as a set of intercommunicating brain modules that run in parallel. These brain modules have the same structure and control regime as other nonlinguistic brain modules. They approximately correspond to Broca’s and temporal lobe areas.
Evaluation of Posterior Fossa Biometric Measurements on Fetal MRI in the Evaluation of Dandy-Walker Continuum.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dandy-Walker malformation, vermian hypoplasia, and Blake pouch remnant represent a continuum of anomalies and are common reasons for referral for fetal MR imaging. This study aimed to determine biometric measurements that quantitatively delineate these 3 posterior fossa phenotypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our single-center institutional review board approved a retrospective analysis of all fetal MRIs for posterior fossa malformations, including Dandy-Walker malformation, vermian hypoplasia, and Blake pouch remnant. Measurements included the anterior-to-posterior pons, craniocaudal and anterior-to-posterior vermis, lateral ventricle size, and tegmentovermian and posterior fossa angles. Measurements were compared with normal biometry and also between each subgroup. RESULTS: Thirty-three fetuses met the criteria and were included in the study. Seven were designated as having Dandy-Walker malformation; 16, vermian hypoplasia; and 10, Blake pouch remnant. No significant group interactions with adjusted mean gestational age for tegmentovermian and posterior fossa angles were observed. The tegmentovermian angle was significantly higher in Dandy-Walker malformation (109.5° [SD, 20.2°]) compared with vermian hypoplasia (52.13° [SD, 18.8°]) and Blake pouch remnant (32.1° [SD, 17.9°]), regardless of gestational age. Lateral ventricle sizes were significantly higher in Dandy-Walker malformation at a mean of ≥23.1 weeks’ gestational age compared with vermian hypoplasia and Blake pouch remnant. The anterior-to-posterior and craniocaudal vermes were significantly smaller in Dandy-Walker malformation compared with vermian hypoplasia and Blake pouch remnant at mean of ≥23.1 weeks’ gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: Dandy-Walker malformation can be described in relation to vermian hypoplasia and Blake pouch remnant by an increased tegmentovermian angle; however, other potential qualifying biometric measurements are more helpful at ≥23.1 weeks’ gestational age. Because they fall along the same spectrum of abnormalities, the difficulty in distinguishing these entities from one another makes precise morphologic and biometric descriptions important.
Surveying Surveillance: A National Study of Police Department Surveillance Technologies

Discussions of surveillance practices within U.S. law enforcement agencies often suggest that police departments have ready access to a wide range of high-tech tools. To date, however, most of the empirical evidence regarding police surveillance has come from either qualitative case studies of cities or surveys of the largest departments. While these studies have led to important insights into the surveillance capacities of large police departments located in larger jurisdictions, our current understanding of police surveillance is limited by a lack of empirical data on police departments in smaller jurisdictions. This study fills this gap by using data from an original nationwide survey of police departments. First, we discuss existing studies of police surveillance access and the legal regimes underlying each type of technology. Next, we use descriptive statistics to empirically investigate the variation in police access to surveillance tools when we account for differences in jurisdiction type. Our findings suggest that rates of police access vary widely depending on the type of technology and jurisdiction size. Overall access to and use of cell phone location tracking far outpaces access to facial recognition and Stingray devices. We discuss these findings and their implications for civil rights and liberties and the state of mass surveillance more generally.
Sexual dimorphism in functional pain syndromes.

Sexual dimorphism in functional pain suggests the need of developing sex-specific therapies.
Entry of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus into L Cells

Abstract Early stages of the entry of vesicular stomatitis (VS) virus into L cells were followed by electron microscopy with the aid of ferritin antibody labeling. Cells which were infected at 0 C and incubated for 10 min at 37 C were reacted first with antiviral-antiferritin hybrid antibody and then with ferritin or fluorescein-labeled apoferritin. Extensive ferritin labeling of the cell surface was detected by both electron and fluorescence microscopy. The labeled regions of the cell surface were continuous with and indistinguishable from the rest of the host cell membrane, suggesting incorporation of viral antigens into the cell surface during viral penetration. Fusion of parental viral membrane with host cell membrane was further demonstrated by examining the localization of 3H-labeled viral structural proteins in cells infected at 0 C and incubated for short periods at 37 C. Viral nucleoprotein was found in a soluble fraction of the cells which was derived primarily from the cytoplasm, whereas a particulate fraction from the cells was enriched in viral envelope proteins. Cytoplasmic membrane was isolated from these cells, and this membrane contained viral envelope proteins. These results suggest that penetration by VS virus occurs by fusion of the viral and cellular membranes followed by release of nucleo-protein into the cytoplasm.
Hypertension in Older Adults

Isolated systolic hypertension and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension are clinical problems affecting significant numbers of older adults (