cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the nature of point defects and the effect of oxidation on substitutional dopant diffusion in silicon

An extensive analysis of the substitutional dopant diffusion phenomena in silicon during oxidation is presented. The analysis covers qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of the oxidation-enhanced and -retarded diffusion (OED and ORD) phenomena, and examines three different possible assumptions that can be made on the nature of the silicon thermal equilibrium point defect species: silicon self-interstitials (I) only, vacancies (V) only, coexistence of I and V. The only consistent way to interpret all properly documented OED/ORD data is to assume that I and V coexist under oxidation as well as under thermal equilibrium conditions at high temperatures.
Social indicators and health-for-all

Abstract It is proposed that concepts and results emerging in the 15 year history of the social indicators movement can contribute to the design and implementation of the information systems that will be required if primary health care is to be extended to all people by the year 2000. an ambitious goal set by a recent international conference. Six methodological themes are identified and discussed. These stress the importance of: (1) including normative outcome measures among the indicators. (2) tapping both objective health conditions and subjective perceptions. (3) incorporating theoretical models of how the health care system works. (4) organizing results in a set of health ‘accounts’ which have certain pre-specified relationships to one another, (5) describing key health phenomena at several different levels of specificity and (6) devoting substantial attention to evaluating and improving data quality. These six themes can be used both as guiding principles to shape the development of health information systems and as criteria for evaluating such systems.
Diminished Aortic Excursion in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Background Although studies have found diminished aortic root motion in left ventricular systolic dysfunction, few data exist on aortic root excursion in isolated right ventricular dysfunction due to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Objective We conducted this study to evaluate aortic root excursion in CTEPH. Methods We studied 20 consecutive patients with CTEPH, normal left ventricular ejection fraction and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, and 10 normal control subjects. Anterior excursion of the aortic root was measured using M-mode echocardiography as the difference between the maximal and minimal anterior distance of the posterior wall of the aortic root at the level of the aortic valve. Results Mean aortic excursion for CTEPH patients was approximately half that of normal controls (0.66 ± 0.25 cm vs. 1.16 ± 0.15 cm, P < 0.0001). There was a significant inverse linear correlation between mean pulmonary artery pressure and aortic excursion in the CTEPH group (r = 0.66, P = 0.001). Conclusion Aortic excursion is diminished in the right ventricular pressure overload of CTEPH. This impaired motion of the aortic root may influence systolic expansion of the left atrium, and may contribute to the impaired left atrial diastolic filling patterns often seen in patients with CTEPH.
STRESS TENSOR PERTURBATIONS IN CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY

We reconsider the problem of deforming a conformal field theory to a neighboring theory which is again critical. An invariant formulation of this problem is important for understanding the underlying symmetry of string theory. We give a simple derivation of A. Sen’s recent formula for the change in the stress tensor and show that, when correctly interpreted, it is coordinate-invariant. We give the corresponding superconformal perturbation for superfield backgrounds and explain why it has no direct analog for spin-field backgrounds.
Pendent polyimides using mellitic acid dianhydride. II. Structure–property relationships for zirconium‐containing pendent polymers

Using mellitic acid dianhydride to prepare Zr-containing pendent copolyimides (co-PIs) is currently being evaluated as a means of further increasing Zr concentration and atomic oxygen resistance while retaining other desirable film properties. The immediate objectives en route to this ultimate goal are: (1) to address the increased tendency of copolyamic acids (co-PAAs) to undergo gelation during polymerizations and upon addition of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide during the Zr appending reactions, and (2) for multilayer films, to increase the number of layers that can be applied prior to crack formation. To accomplish these two objectives, a targeted structure–property study has been performed, holding the Zr concentration constant at 10 mol %. The polymer starting materials chosen for this investigation include PMDA and OPDA (dianhydrides), and 4,4′-ODA, 3,4′-ODA, and 1,3-APB (diamines). The spectroscopic data for all polymer products are consistent with the expected amic acid, imide, pendent, and nonpendent structures. Thin-layer chromatography, viscosity, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results confirm the polymeric nature of the Zr pendent and nonpendent co-PAA precursors, with intrinsic viscosities (η0) of 0.86–0.46 for the former and 0.76–0.38 for the latter. Weight-average molecular weights are estimated from GPC to be 115,400–436,000 g/mol for the former and 38,300–111,200 g/mol for the latter. While there was little observable effect of structure change on tendency to form gel, APB-containing Zr pendent copolyimide had the lowest glass transition temperature and allowed the largest number of layers to be cast in a single film without cracking (10 layers) of the pendent copolyimides in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1641–1652, 2007
Sociological applications of fuzzy classification analysis

Abstract Research methodology and data analysis in sociology are dominated by probability theory. However, probability theory cannot always deal with the imprecisions of the real world. In this paper, the basic concepts of fuzzy sets theory and fuzzy classification are discussed. An empirical example is presented. The fuzzy classifications of respondents based on their attitude of self protection and offense are highly related to the behavior of carrying weapons. By incorporating the classifications into our analytical model, we find that the predictive power of the model is enhanced and multicollearity among independent variables is avoided.
Drug interactions with antisecretory agents.

SUMMARY Antisecretory agents may affect the absorption, metabolism, and renal excretion of other drugs. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion may decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of drugs such as ketoconazole that dissolve poorly in the absence of adequate acid. With anti-secretory agents, the drug interaction mechanism most likely to result in adverse effects is the inhibition of hepatic oxidative drug metabolism, primarily a problem with cimetidine. Omeprazole also appears to inhibit the hepatic metabolism of some drugs, but available evidence indicates that it interacts with fewer drugs than cimetidine and the magnitude of the inhibition is lower. Cimetidine decreases the renal clearance of procainamide and its active metabolite, N-acetylprocainamide, probably through interference with active renal tubular secretion. In therapeutic doses, other H2-receptor antagonists probably have minimal effects on renal procainamide elimination.
Climate, Lightning, and Wildfire in the National Forests of the Southeastern United States: 1989-1998

We compiled the record of wildfires from each national forest unit in the southeastern United States for the period 1989 to 1998, then regressed annual fire numbers against lightning flash densities (as recorded by the National Lightning Detection Network) and measures of climatic drought (seasonal precipitation and Palmer Drought Severity Index [PDSI] values). Lightning-caused fires were most common in Florida, where seasonally-dry winters and high lightning-flash density elevate fire risk. Overall regression models consistently identified fire-season PDSI as the most influential explanatory variable in accounting for the spatial and temporal pattern of fires, whereas the contribution of lightning-flash density to regional patterns of wildfires is muted. Lightning density only enters the overall model when a single outlier forest unit from Florida is included in the regression analysis. With respect to physiographically defined regional regression models, lightning density was only a significant influenc...
Violation of CP invariance and the electric dipole moment of the neutron

Abstract : On the basis of the model of CP violation recently proposed (see AD-650 951), the static electric dipole moment of the neutron is calculated. The result is: the absolute value of (mu-ed/e) = the absolute value of D approx. = (9 x 10 to the -22 power cm). (Author)
Promoting Resilience in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Through a Developmentally Informed Intervention A Case Study

A significant proportion of children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) are preschool-aged, yet few interventions exist for this population. Those interventions that do exist focus primarily on reducing psychopathology, without addressing the range of potential outcomes, including resilient functioning. This case study considers the treatment of Alexis, a 6-year-old, African American girl who was referred for services following exposure to IPV. At her initial intake, she not only showed evidence of posttraumatic stress but also exhibited characteristics of resilient functioning. Over the course of a 10-session group intervention, Alexis's resilient functioning improved, according to both therapist and maternal report. At follow-up, her posttraumatic stress symptoms were below the clinical range, indicating improvement in psychopathology paralleling her increases in resilient functioning. This case lends support for the use of group interventions with young children exposed to violence and also emphasizes the importance of assessing multiple domains of functioning, including resilient behaviors. Language: en
Coordination studies with azo derivatives of 1-phenyl-3-carbethoxy-4-pyrazolone

Abstract The formation constants of divalent metal ions with azo derivatives of 1-phenyl-3-carbethoxy-4-pyrazolone have been measured in 75 vol.% dioxane. The se azo derivatives behave more like the azo-3-pyrazolones (both exist in the hydroxy-azo form) than the azo-5-pyrazolones which exist as keto-hydrazones. The ortho -substituted derivatives show the same steric effect reported earlier for azo-3-pyrazolones which decreased in the order: I > Br > Cl > F > H and C 2 H 5 > CH 3 .
Subacute necrotizing sialadenitis: a clinicopathological study

Objective To report cases of extra-palatal subacute necrotizing sialadenitis (SANS), an uncommon condition that usually affects palatal minor salivary glands, and to characterize the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and histology of this lesion. Study design Retrospective reviews of records for patients with SANS diagnosed between 1999 and 2005; only cases with complete clinical history and histology were included in the study. Results Five cases (3 women, 2 men) were identified. The majority of patients presented with painful 1.0 to 1.5cm swellings, with sudden and rapid increase in size. Two cases occurred in the buccal mucosa, 2 on the ventral surface of tongue, and 1 on the upper lip. Histology showed acinar necrosis surrounded by a dense polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate with focal exuberant tissue eosinophilia. Ductal atrophy was seen with minimal squamous metaplasia. In all the cases, healing occurred without any further treatment in 3 weeks. No recurrence was observed. Conclusion SANS is an uncommon, inflammatory condition of unknown etiology affecting minor salivary glands. SANS appears to be a self-limiting process that has distinct characteristic clinical and histologic features. Nevertheless, SANS shares some of the histologic features of early necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS), suggesting a possible relationship between the 2 conditions. Additional reporting of SANS would be helpful in better defining the condition and its delineation from NS.
Surgical repair of the hypoplastic left heart syndorme

Abstract The outlook for newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome has been dramatically altered in the past decade with the successful application of staged reconstructive techniques. Once considered a uniformly fatal condition, refinements in operative technique and perioperative care have been largely responsible for this improved survival. The first stage in the reconstructive process, the Norwood procedure, continues to carry the most significant risk. The Norwood procedure must provide: unobstructed systemic and coronary blood flow from the right ventricle; unobstructed pulmonary venous return across the atrial septum; and sufficient pulmonary blood flow without significant volume overload. Although the postoperative management of these patients must achieve the proper ratio of systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, a properly performed reconstruction should result in a largely uncomplicated recovery. The second stage procedure, the hemi-Fontan operation, is performed between 4 and 6 months of age. This step results in removal of the ventricular volume overload imposed by the systemic shunt and the connection of the superior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries. Augmenting the central pulmonary arteries, avoiding conduction disturbances, and constructing a potential connection for the inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries are essential components of this procedure. The Fontan procedure is performed at approximately 1.5–2 years of age. Inferior vena cava return is channeled to the pulmonary arteries through the previously constructed atriocaval connection to complete the separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Although the current techniques have resulted in substantial improvements in the quantity and quality of survival, efforts to refine each stage of the process continue to evolve with increasing follow-up and evaluation.
Chloride secretion by canine tracheal epithelium: II. The cellular electrical potential profile

We used intracellular microelectrode techniques to study the mechanisms responsible for Cl secretion by canine tracheal epithelium. Tissues were treated with indomethacin (10−6 m, added to the mucosal solution) to reduce the baseline rate of Cl secretion and then stimulated by addition of epinephrine (10−6 m) or prostaglandin E1 (10−6 m) to the submucosal solution. Three conclusions emerged from our findings: First, secretagogues enhance the rate of transepithelial Cl transport primarily by increasing apical membrane Cl permeability, since: (i) stimulation of secretion produced parallel decreases in transepithelial resistance (R t) and the membrane resistance ratioR a/Rb, whereR a andR b refer to the resistances of the apical and basolateral membranes; (ii) there was an inverse relation between the short-circuit current andR a/Rb; (iii) secretagogues depolarized the electrical potential difference across the apical membrane (ψa) and produced an equivalent hyperpolarization of the transepithelial electrical potential difference (ψ1) so that, in the steady-state, the basolateral membrane potential (ψb) was unchanged; and (iv) substitution of sulfate or gluconate for Cl in the bathing solutions prevented secretagogue-induced changes inR t, Ra/Rb, (ψa) and (ψ1). Second, Cl entry into the cell across the basolateral membrane appears to be electrically-neutral since omission of Cl from the submucosal solution had no effect on (ψb) and did not decreaseR a/Rb as would be expected if Cl entered the cell by a conductive process. Third, secretagogues decreaseR b. Approximately 20 sec after the onset of the secretory responseR a/Rb underwent a secondary increase whileR t continued to fall. The decrease inR b may reflect an increase in basolateral membrane K permeability.
Anion exchange chromatography of oxidized insulin peptides.

Abstract The A and B chains of performic acid-oxidized bovine insulin were separated by a rapid, simple procedure involving chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. Elution was accomplished with a gradient of ammonium formate, which was removed from the final products by sublimation to yield salt-free preparations of the two peptides. The elution gradient produced good resolution of the A and B chains, which were collected in sharp fractions. The B chain emerged in a high state of purity, as judged by quantitative amino acid analysis. The A chain frequently contained traces of contamination which could be removed by rechromatography on the DEAE-Sephadex.
Effect of deuteration on the diameter-effect curve of liquid nitromethane.

The detonation properties of liquid nitromethane [CH3NO2] are probably the most thoroughly studied of any condensed-phase explosive. Because it is homogeneous (i.e., lacks hot-spot phenomena), it provides a window into the underlying chemical processes induced by a passing shock or detonation wavesuch information is submerged in the complex fluid mechanics when heterogeneous explosives are detonated. In this paper, we provide experimental data and data analysis of the effect that deuterating nitromethane's methyl group has on some aspects of the processes that occur in the detonating liquid material. In the experimental part of this study, we report diameter-effect curves (i.e., inverse charge internal radius vs steady detonation speed) for pure CH3NO2 and pure CD3NO2 confined in right-circular cylinders of C-260 brass. Large differences in the infinite-medium (i.e., plane wave) detonation speed and in the failure diameter of the two materials are observed. Interpretations of the observations based on phy...
Standard model with gravity couplings.

In this paper we examine the coupling of matter fields to gravity within the framework of the standard model of particle physics. The coupling is described in terms of Weyl fermions of a definite chirality, and employs only (anti-)self-dual or left-handed spin connection fields. We review the general framework for introducing the coupling using these fields, and show that conditions ensuring the cancellation of perturbative chiral gauge anomalies are not disturbed. We also explore a global anomaly associated with the theory, and argue that its removal requires that the number of fundamental fermions in the theory must be multiples of 16. In addition, we investigate the behavior of the theory under discrete transformations P, C, and T, and discuss possible violations of these discrete symmetries, including CPT, in the presence of instantons and the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Modeling Effective Stiffness Properties of IAD Fabrics

A model for the mechanical stiffness properties of bladder fabrics for inflatable decelerators under high stress conditions is developed. This planar orthotropic model uses understanding of the fabric behavior, analytical modeling, numerical simulations, and available experimental data to characterize the fabric stiffness (elastic modulus), contraction (Poisson’s ratio), and shear modulus. The derived model is designed to integrate with standard finite-element methods and is validated against available static test data for two types of silicone-coated Kevlar fabric using the commercial LS-DYNA solver.
Channel-specific coatings on microfabricated chips

This paper reports channel-specific immobilization of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled bovine serum albumin and beta-galactosidase on microchips with a central channel and two crossing channels; referred to as a double cross channel configuration. Solvent wells at the termini of all channels were used to store reagents. Coatings were applied in multiple steps using electroosmotically driven flow to deliver reagents to specific channels in the chip. The first step in all coating reactions was derivatization of the capillary walls with an organosilane having a reactive pendant functional group. As the silylating reagent was transported from the reagent storage well to a specific waste well, capillary walls in the route of transport were silylated. Flow was maintained throughout a reaction. The route of transport, and thus the specificity of channel coating, were controlled by the well to which negative potential was applied. Flow in a multichannel network takes the shortest route between the electrodes delivering the motive potential. The second reagent in the reaction was delivered from a different well and took a different path through the channel network, as did other reagents. Only the channel being coated was in the flow path of all the reagents used in the coating process. The zone of immobilization in the case of FITC-labeled albumin was determined with confocal fluorescence microscopy. Enzyme activity of immobilized beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) was monitored by following the hydrolysis of fluorescein mono-beta-D-galactopyranoside to fluorescein with laser-induced fluorescence.
Nuclear data and measurement series.

It is well established that the high fluences of fast neutrons likely to be encountered in the environments of fusion reactors or fusion materials test facilities will generate substantial quantities of helium (both {sup 4}He and {sup 3}He isotopes), and that the presence of this gas in bulk material can produce serious damage in engineering structures due to swelling. The present study was undertaken to survey the current status (as of early 2004) of the available fast neutron cross section information for helium production in several major structural elements of interest for the development of fusion energy systems. The scope of this study encompasses both compiled experimental cross section data and evaluated cross sections available from major nuclear data libraries used in the analysis of fusion systems. The main conclusion from this work is that the contemporary knowledge of those individual neutron reaction cross sections important for helium production is, in general, very inadequate for the purpose of producing reliable designs for fusion reactors (e.g., ITER) and materials irradiation test facilities (e.g., IFMIF). Since the number of distinct neutron reactions that must be considered is large, and the capabilities (both experimental and theoretical) of the nuclear physics community to adequatelymore » determine the cross sections for specific reactions is limited for various reasons, it is recommended, as a consequence of the present investigation, that an engineering approach be undertaken to provide the data needed for system design purposes. The suggested technical approach would involve irradiating small specimens of candidate materials in high fluence neutron fields whose spectra resemble as closely as possible those to be encountered in real fusion facilities, and that direct integrated yield measurements then be made of helium production in these samples, inclusive of all the contributing neutron reaction channels.« less
Similar effects of infant and adult sensorimotor cortical lesions on cats' posture.

Abstract Ten cats received ablations of sensorimotor cortex on one side of the brain at 2–14 days of age and approximately symmetrical ablations were made on the other side at 5 months of age. Similar long term effects of the infant and adult ablations on placing and hopping reflexes showed no evidence of enhanced sparing of function following the ablations done in infancy. While certain functions have been shown to be spared more following ablation of relevant brain tissue in infancy, this has not been true of all functions studied. Considering the literature on sensorimotor cortical ablations in infant rats, cats and monkeys, the possibility is discussed that for each species there are experimental conditions which allow as much recovery of motor function following adult lesions as following infant lesions; however, this should not obscure the fact that Kennard's infant-operated monkeys showed extra sparing without special handling.
A Multi-layer model for estimating sulfur dioxide deposition to a deciduous oak forest canopy

A multi-layer 'K-theory' model for gaseous deposition to a deciduous forest is described and discussed. The model incorporates realistic physiological concepts to improve upon earlier multi-layer models found in the literature. Computations of deposition fluxes and velocities are most sensitive to variations in parameters relating to stomatal resistance. The model computations of deposition velocities are less sensitive to aerodynamic parameters since the canopy resistance of a deciduous forest is generally much greater than the aerodynamic resistance. Model computations of SO2 flux and deposition velocities are tested against deposition measurements made over a deciduous forest; these computations are not significantly different from measured values. Estimates of deposition fluxes, computed with multi-layer model, improve upon those values estimated with a "big-leaf" model. Key word index: Dry deposition, canopy-atmosphere interactions, K-theory model, micrometeorology.
Genetic diversity among strains of Moraxella catarrhalis : Analysis using multiple DNA probes and a single-locus PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method

Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, a causative agent of otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbation of bronchitis, has acquired widespread ability to produce β-lactamase and can be nosocomially transmitted. The typing methods used in epidemiological analyses of M. catarrhalis are not optimal for genetic analyses. Two methods, a multiple-locus Southern blot (SB) method and a single-locus PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, were developed and used to assess genetic diversity and potential clinical and geographic relationships in M. catarrhalis. Nine randomly cloned M. catarrhalis DNA fragments were used as probes of SBs containing DNA from 54 geographically and clinically diverse strains. For comparison, a PCR-RFLP method was developed as a quick, inexpensive, and discriminating alternative. A highly variable 3.7-kb genomic region (M46) was cloned and sequenced, and 3.5 kb of the cloned DNA was targeted for PCR amplification. DNAs from the 54 strains were subjected to PCR-RFLP. SB analysis distinguished all strains that had no apparent epidemiological linkage (40 of 54), and PCR-RFLP distinguished fewer strains (21 of 54). Epidemiologically linked strains appeared genetically identical by both methods. PCR-RFLP was compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for 8 of the 54 strains and 23 additional strains. PCR-RFLP distinguished fewer strains than PFGE typing (16 of 31 versus 20 of 31 strains), but PCR-RFLP was more useful for inferring interstrain relatedness. Separate cluster analyses of multilocus SB and single locus PCR-RFLP data showed high genetic diversity within and across geographic locations and clinical presentations. The resultant dendrograms were not entirely concordant, but both methods often gave similar strain clusters at the terminal branches. High genetic diversity, nonconcordance of cluster analyses from different genetic loci, and shared genotypes among epidemiologically linked strains support a hypothesis of high recombination relative to spread of clones. Single-locus PCR-RFLP may be suitable for short-term epidemiological studies, but the SB data demonstrate that greater strain discrimination may be obtained by sampling variation at multiple genomic sites.
Teachers’ academic appraisals and referral decisions: The effect of sharing health information when diabetes is present

Two prior studies showed that giving teachers more information about a student's illness led them to make better attributions about that student's classroom problems and better classroom accommodations. In this study, 235 teachers appraised academic competence and judged whether to seek help or make a referral for a hypothetical student with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Teachers received one of five levels comprising increasing disease disclosure and classroom-relevant information about T1DM. Contrary to prior studies, teachers in this study who were given a student's T1DM diagnosis and details about T1DM's classroom risks failed to make better judgments about the student's academic skill levels or to award more accurate grades. Instead, teachers seemed swayed by this student's apparently careless and inconsistent schoolwork, which was presumably disease related. Likewise, better-informed teachers were no better at selecting accommodations. However, once it was disclosed that the hypothetical student had T1DM, most teachers seemed knowledgeable about the most appropriate potential Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act category for service delivery. Regarding practice issues, school psychologists were rarely selected as a first choice for consultation, and the more information teachers were provided with about T1DM and the student's disease status, the less likely they were to select a school psychologist as a consultant.
Impact of directive antenna behavior on multipath MB-OFDM ultra-wideband communications

The implementation of multiband OFDM ultra wideband (MB-OFDM UWB) technology into wireless devices aims to enhance transmission capacities for low-range wireless communication systems. Although OFDM transmission provides a certain robustness against multipath interference, miss-aligned antenna elements may largely impact on the resulting signal-to-noise (SNR) conditions thus limiting the UWB link performance. This article aims to highlight the impact of directive antenna radiation behavior on UWB link performance from a systems perspective. Hence, MB-OFDM bit-error rate (BER) behavior is investigated in terms of directive antenna radiation behavior for standardized models of the UWB radio channel.
Evaluation of a tenoscopic approach for desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon in horses.

Objective: To develop a tenoscopic approach for desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (AL-DDFT) in horses. Study Design: Experimental. Animals: Cadaveric forelimbs (n=10) and 4 forelimbs from 2 horses anesthetized for terminal teaching procedures, and 12 forelimbs of 6 experimental horses. Methods: Saline distention of the carpal flexor sheath facilitated insertion of an arthroscope into the distal medial aspect of the sheath between the AL-DDFT and deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT). Location of an instrument portal on the lateral aspect of the metacarpus was identified with a needle. The lateral aspect of the AL-DDFT was transected and the arthroscope and instrument were switched to transect the remaining fibers on the medial aspect. Cadaveric specimens were dissected for evaluation. Experimental horses were monitored for 30 days postoperatively. Results: Minor complications including incomplete division of the AL-DDFT and shallow incision into the suspensory ligament were observed in some cadaver specimens. The AL-DDFT was completely transected in all experimental horses with no suspensory ligament damage. Mean±SD surgical time (incision to skin closure) was 28.3±11.8 minutes. On ultrasonographic examination, transection of the AL-DDFT was complete in all experimental horses. Minor DDFT fiber disruption was noted in 1 limb during ultrasound examination at day 30. Conclusions: A tenoscopic approach through the carpal flexor sheath provided adequate access for desmotomy of the AL-DDFT.
Fjords in viscous fingering: Selection of width and opening angle

Our experiments on viscous fingering of air into oil contained between closely spaced plates reveal two selection rules for the fjords of oil that separate fingers of air. (Fjords are the building blocks of solutions of the zero-surface-tension Laplacian growth equation.) Experiments in rectangular and circular geometries yield fjords with base widths lambda(c)/2, where lambda(c) is the most unstable wavelength from a linear stability analysis. Further, fjords open at an angle of 8.0 degrees +/- 1.0 degree. These selection rules hold for a wide range of pumping rates and fjord lengths, widths, and directions.
Dissociating explicit and procedural-learning based systems of perceptual category learning

A fundamental question is whether people have available one category learning system, or many. Most multiple systems advocates postulate one explicit and one implicit system. Although there is much agreement about the nature of the explicit system, there is less agreement about the nature of the implicit system. In this article, we review a dual systems theory of category learning called competition between verbal and implicit systems (COVIS) developed by Ashby et al. (1998). The explicit system dominates the learning of verbalizable, rule-based category structures and is mediated by frontal brain areas such as the anterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and head of the caudate nucleus. The implicit system, which uses procedural learning, dominates the learning of non-verbalizable, information-integration category structures, and is mediated by the tail of the caudate nucleus and a dopamine-mediated reward signal. We review nine studies that test six a priori predictions from COVIS, each of which is supported by the data.
Manual-based versus automation-based measurements of the amplitude of QRS complexes and T waves in patients with changing edematous states: clinical implications.

Abstract Most of the previous work pertaining to the impact of peripheral edema on the ECG has been based on manual measurements. Comparison of manual- and automation-based measurements of P waves has been previously carried out. The objective of this study was to compare manual and automated measurements of QRS complexes and T waves. The sum of the amplitude of QRS complexes for manual (ΣQRSm) and automated (ΣQRSa) and for T waves for manual (ΣTm) and automated (ΣTa) measured in the 12-leads of the ECGs was calculated in 28 patients with peripheral edema and 28 controls, without change in their weight during hospitalization; data points (n = 125) from all phases of the study were lamped together. ΣQRSm was 114.1 ± 46.2, and ΣQRSa was 125.4 ± 49.5 (n = 125); correlation of ΣQRSm and ΣQRSa was excellent ( r = 0.98, P = .00005). ΣTm was 18.1 ± 13.3, and ΣTa was 19.8 ± 12.7 (n = 125); correlation of ΣTm and ΣTa was excellent ( r = 0.96, P = .00005). Correlations of ΣQRSm and ΣTm ( r = 0.43, P = .0002), as well as ΣQRSa and ΣTa ( r = 0.49, P = .00005) were fair to moderately good, correspondingly. Manual and automated measurements of the sums of the amplitudes of the QRS complexes and T waves are well correlated and differ by approximately 9%, with the manual measurements generating lower values. Automated measurements of the QRS complexes and T waves are reliable and can be used in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients showing changes in the amplitude of these 2 components of the ECG curve.
An empirical test of tournament theory: the Senior PGA Tour

Using data from the Senior PGA Tours we analyze the incentive effects of rank order tournaments. Previous studies using data from the PGA Tour reached conflicting conclusions. To resolve the issue, the Senior PGA Tour was chosen for its unique format where players are not cut from the tournament before completion, eliminating any survival bias. The findings support the hypothesis that the level of prizes in Senior PGA tournaments influences players’ performance, indicating that tournaments can be used to motivate performance.
Exploiting Ground-Penetrating Radar Phenomenology in a Context-Dependent Framework for Landmine Detection and Discrimination

A technique for making landmine detection with a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) sensor more robust to fluctuations in environmental conditions is presented. Context-dependent feature selection (CDFS) counteracts environmental uncertainties that degrade detection and discrimination performances by modifying decision rules based on inference of the environmental context. This paper utilized both physics-based and statistical methods for extracting features from GPR data to characterize surface texture and subsurface electrical properties, and a nonparametric hypothesis test was used to identify the environmental context from which the data were collected. The results of probabilistic context identification were then used to fuse an ensemble of classifiers for discriminating landmines from clutter under diverse environmental conditions. CDFS was evaluated on a large set of GPR data collected over several years in different weather and terrain conditions. Results indicate that our context-dependent technique improved landmine discrimination performance over conventional fusion of several currently fielded algorithms from the recent literature.
Asymptotic Detection Performance of Type-Based Multiple Access Over Multiaccess Fading Channels

The problem of communicating sensor readings over a multiaccess channel for detecting a target using type-based multiple access (TBMA) is considered. TBMA is analyzed in a general framework by considering non-i.i.d. data and nonidentical channel gains. An asymptotically optimal detector is proposed and its error-exponents for detection probabilities are characterized using tools from large deviations theory (LDT). In case of i.i.d. channel gains, it is shown that the performance of TBMA presents two distinct behaviors depending on whether the channel gains have zero mean. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate that the error exponents provide reasonably accurate estimates of the performance of TBMA
Observation of optical soliton in an SOI waveguide

We observe, for the first time to our knowledge, the formation of optical solitons inside a short silicon waveguide (only 5 mm long) with sub-picojoule pulses.
House Types of the Middle Fraser River

Ties between northeastern Asia and northwestern America are frequently postulated but have never been satisfactorily worked out in detail. Forms of subterranean or semi-subterranean houses and of large plank buildings were known in both regions and this fact has been used to suggest northern Asiatic-American relationships. It seems clear that some prehistoric ties did exist between the two regions but their exact nature remains unknown. Fuller data and more careful comparisons are needed and one segment of the American distribution is therefore given below.
Advances in Tire Technology Introduction to Symposium. (Cleveland, Ohio, April 24, 1968)

Abstract The current interest in tires, transportation, and passenger safety in highway vehicles, prompted this symposium on advances in tire technology. Everyone is familiar with tires, at least to the degree that he recognizes them on his car. It seems the average layman thinks a tire is something that is somehow put together and thrown into a mold where it is given shape, but he has little conception of the compound, construction, or design engineering required. We are also hearing new as well as old names. Of tire types there are such names as bias, bias belted, and radial; of cord types such names as rayon, Tyrex, nylon, polyester, glass, and wire. You hear other terms such as wide oval, wide tread, aspect ratio, rim diameter, white wall, red ring, high performance, and many more. The tire carries the load, absorbs shocks, withstands impacts, goes through mud, ice and snow, and gives the consumer a minimum concern and minimum cost in spite of the ever increasing requirements placed on it.
Placing the Natural Logarithm and the Exponential Function on an Equal Footing

is unlikely to occur. However, a situation in which a student actually did something equivalent on a test is related in [4], and is addressed in slightly greater generality in [1]. The standard sum, product, and quotient rules from differential calculus also lend themselves to a similar interpretation: To differentiate f (x)g(x) (or f (x) + g(x) or f (x) / g (x)), first differentiate as if g(x) was constant, then as if f (x) was constant; add the results. Indeed, a function f(x) which is comprised of an algebraic combination of an arbitrary number of simpler functions f (x) can be differentiated in this way, differentiating as if all the fj are constant except for fi; repeat for all fj; add the results.
An Efficient Lane Change Maneuver for Platoons of Vehicles in an Automated Highway System

The current lane change maneuver for vehicles in a platoon under the California PATH automated highway system (AHS) architecture is inefficient, because the follower has to split from the rest of the platoon before making a lane change. In this paper, we propose to add a lane change within platoons maneuver that allows a follower to change lanes and be inserted into another platoon directly without splitting either platoon. This maneuver is performed by aligning and locking the longitudinal positions of the two platoons in adjacent lanes. The estimated improvement in the AHS utilization, in term of the space-time, is approximately 4342 m.s. The longitudinal controller for the lane changing follower is designed and proved to maintain the string stability of the platoons. The leader law is modified for the common leader of the two locked platoons. An intra-platoon spacing adjustment procedure is also designed for the purpose of the proposed maneuver.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Should it stay or should it go now? Smartphones and relational health.

Since introduced in the mid-2000s, smartphones have become widely used, particularly among young adults. With the ability to connect to others across numerous modalities and occupy one’s time, these devices have become personal extensions for many people. However, recent research suggests that young
Anaerobic Upflow Bed-Filter – Development and Application

The Upflow Sludge Bed-Filter (UBF) design provides high active biomass concentrations and long solid retention times (SRT) allowing the treatment of dilute to high strength wastes at high organic loading rates (LR) and short hydraulic retention times (HRT). The UBF system was shown to withstand severe organic shock loads and recover within a reasonable period of time. The effect of packing material on biomass retention and biomass characteristics and reactor performance was determined. A pseudo-steady state (PSS) model was developed that predicts reactor performance as a function of HRT or biomass concentration. Application of this model to step-up and step-down experiments indicated that two sets of kinetic parameters were required to account for hysteresis effects. Application of the UBF concept to the treatment of municipal landfill leachate resulted in greater than 95% COD removal at LR upto 33 kg COD/m 3 .d.
Study on intervention effect of artificial block of mother-to-fetus transmission of AIDS

Objective:To analyze the intervention effect of artificial block of mother-to-fetus transmission of AIDS,provide a scientific basis for further improving prevention and treatment of AIDS.Methods:The situation and effect of artificial block of mother-to-fetus transmission of AIDS from 2009 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive method.Results:From 2009 to 2013,the detection rate of HIV antibody was 63.76%( 20 798 /32 617),13 HIV-infected pregnant women were found,the detection rate of HIV was0.06%( 13 /20 798),2 women were found in the non-pregnant state;preventive antiviral block drug therapy during pregnancy or before delivery was performed among the HIV-infected mothers of 8 infants,the rate was 53.33%( 8 /15),the rate of neonatal preventive antiviral block drug therapy was 40.00%( 6 /15),artificial feeding of neonates was 66.67%( 10 /15);the effective rate of preventive antiviral block drug therapy in 8 mothers was 100.00%( 8 /8);among 7 infants whose mothers not receiving preventive antiviral block drug therapy,one infant died at 12 months after birth,HIV antibody of 4 infants was negative,while HIV antibody of 2 infants was positive;among the infants whose mothers not receiving preventive antiviral block drug therapy,the rate of mother-to-fetus transmission of HIV was 33.33%( 2/6),there was no statistically significant significance in the incidence rate of infantile HIV infection between infants whose mothers receiving preventive antiviral block drug therapy and infants whose mothers not receiving preventive antiviral block drug therapy because of low sample size( χ2= 0.98,P = 0.16).Conclusion:The risk of mother-to-fetus transmission of AIDS still exists,detection during pregnancy and preventive antiviral block drug therapy are key measures to block mother-to-fetus transmission of AIDS.
Possible interaction between fluoxetine and pimozide causing sinus bradycardia.

On a signale des interactions de la fluoxetine avec des antipsychotiques et d'autres antidepresseurs, ainsi que des symptomes de toxicite de ces medicaments. Nous signalons le cas d'une interaction possible avec la pimozide entrainant possiblement une bradycardie grave. Il convient d'assurer une surveillance soignee lorsque ces deux medicaments sont prescrits ensemble, surtout chez les personnes âgees et les patients atteints d'une maladie du coeur
Intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. IV. Observations on elective and nonelective fetal heart rate monitoring.

Heart rate tracings and outcome in 919 electively and 1,077 nonelectively monitored fetuses were compared in order to investigate the value of elective surveillance of the fetal heart rate (FHR) in either group. A threefold higher perinatal mortality and a twofold higher number of low 5-minute Apgar scores were observed among patients with risk factors compared to electively monitored pregnancies. In the beginning of monitored labor, fetuses with risk factors exhibited a higher incidence of FHR patterns with low FHR variability than fetuses without risk factors. In the final phase of labor, FHR patterns indicative of hypoxia, i.e., late decelerations and severe and atypical variable decelerations, were found more often in the nonelective than in the elective group. Umbilical cord problems reflected by the occurrence of variable deceleration were responsible for the majority of low Apgar scores observed among electively monitored fetuses. The findings and their implications for FHR monitoring are discussed.
Hardy Spaces on the Polydisk

In this paper we will study the boundary values properties of the funcions in the Hardy spaces; generalize the F. and M. Riesz theorem to higher dimension ; discuss the existance of boundary values of the functions in $H^p(\mathbb{D}^n)$ on non-distinguished boundary $\partial\mathbb{D}^n\setminus \mathbb{T}^n$ and the intersection of the spaces $H^p_u(\mathbb{D}^n)$.
S-Units, S-Class Group, and the Corresponding L-Functions

Let K/F be an algebraic function field over the field of constants F. Throughout this book we have been emphasizing the analogy between the arithmetic of K and that of an algebraic number field. This analogy is particulary clear when we choose an element x ∈ K which is not a constant. The ring A = F[x] ⊂ k = F(x) then plays the role of the pair ℤ ⊂ ℚ in number theory. K is an algebraic extension of F(x) and the analogue of the ring of integers in an algebraic number field is the integral closure of A in K. Let’s call this ring B. We will show that B is a Dedekind domain. We will investigate the unit group and the class group of B. We will also associate zeta and L-functions to B.
The Promise of Sociology: Global Challenges for National Disciplines

Sociology was founded as a positivist and universal science that obscured its national parameters. A first response was to attack false universalism with the particularism of indigenous sociologies...