cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of hippocampectomy on alternation behavior and response to novelty

Abstract Rats with hippocampal lesions, cortical lesions and unoperated rats were tested for maze activity, spontaneous alternation, food-reinforced alternation, perseveration of the alternation response, and response to a novel alley before and after training. The animals with hippocampal lesions were more active in the maze and deficient on spontaneous and food-reinforced alternation, compared with the animals with cortical lesions and normal animals. Further, the hippocampectomized rats did not perseverate the alternation response and failed to enter a relatively novel alley when tested after maze training. Animals in both control groups (cortical and normal) entered the novel alley with equal frequency on tests given both before and after maze training.
Maintained and constructor attributes

The potential of the language specific editor as a software engineering tool has attracted much attention in the last few years [Henderson, 84]. This form of an editor offers software engineers the possibility of performing interactive analysis during software production. As a consequence of this possibility, editor generators have become a topic of current research [Reps and Teitelbaum, 84]. In this paper, we describe a general scheme that permits an editor generator to produce a context sensitive, language based editor. The goals of the scheme are to generate editors which can perform interactive type checking, data flow analysis, separate compilation, and update the software project database. The scheme supplements existing attribute grammar techniques with a notion of state provided by maintained and constructor attributes. The method extends the schemes of [Reps et al., 83] and [Fischer and Johnson, 82] by introducing external data structures which support the communication of programming information to the global programming environment.
Real-Time Spatial Occupancy Map Generation Using Multiresolution Shadow Casting

avoiding obstacles on the way and satisfying other possible optimality criteria. In this context, obstacle avoidance forms thecentral part of the problem. Among the many path planning algorithms, multiresolution techniques based on hierarchicaltree structures, e.g. quadtrees have shown great potential [1]. The existing techniques, however, are offline, static algorithmsthat plan a path using a single quadtree. Such techniques are unable to cope with dynamic scenes where spatial occupancymay change. This work presents a technique whereby a quadtree -based spatial occupancy map is generated in real time, mak-ing an online path planning task feasible.The real time quadtree generator is an optically based subsystem. Scene capture is performed by tapping video off the robot'svision sensor (e.g. camera) and using it to modulate a light beam. This is accomplished by a liquid crystal spatial light mod-ulator. The modulated light is then passed through a set of multiple resolution masks, such that only light from a particularquadrant of the scene reaches the corresponding phototransistor. The unit built contains two levels (2x2 and 4x4) but can eas-liy be expanded to accomodate four levels (8x8 and 16x16). The occupancy predicate is declared as the average intensity seenby a single phototransistor. Although not entirely robust, this predicate serves as a useful starting point. Double threshold -ing of the phototransistor output signal at various scales provides definitions for full, empty and partially occupied nodes ofthe tree, hence generating a multiresolution rendition of the robot's workspace in real time.The problem, simply stated - can an useful occupancy model be generated in "real time" such that robotics applications pro-grams can use the information as part of a collision avoidance system or possible target tracking? Arecent path planning al-gorithm uses a quadtree generated, offline usually a plan or top down view, much like a map. This occupancy map is thenused by a path planner for a mobile robot or manipulator. This concept works well as detailed in [1]. However, for movingobstcals the scheme breaks down since the alogrithm will be making decisions based on "old" data. Thus, if the multiresolu-tion occupancy data can be generated at a rate greater than that by which the scene is likely to change, then the path plannerhas access to the real time occupancy status of the robot's workspace, hence, generating a far less collision prone path.
Tree Diversity, Carbon Storage, and Soil Nutrient in an Old‐Growth Forest at Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Abstract The study of plant diversity and its role in ecosystem functioning is becoming a central issue in ecology. The relationships between carbon storage and tree diversity of natural forest at small scale are still unclear. This research investigated these relationships in an old‐growth forest at Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. It was found that at small scale, tree carbon storage generally increases with increasing tree species richness, but for stands with same species richness, tree carbon storage varies dramatically. At the small scale, tree species evenness has a significantly linear relationship with nature logarithm of total tree carbon storage. The stand carbon storage of trees is mainly controlled by stand tree composition. Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Tilia amurensis, and Acer mono contribute more than 85% of stand carbon storage of trees. Stands with similar tree composition at small scale have different soil organic carbon storage and nutrient contents. Tr...
Recovery of Dermatophytes from Shoes and Shower Stalls1

Although tinea pedis is undoubtedly one of the most prevalent of human mycoses, little is known regarding sources of infection for this disease.
Effects of amphetamine on electroshock responses in developing rats

Convulsive responses were studied after chronic and acute amphetamine treatment in developing rats. Under chronic treatment, 27 litters of male rats received d-amphetamine either at 3-6, 8-11, or 22-25 days after birth and the electroshock seizure threshold (EST) was studied during maturation; each litter consisted of controls and rats treated with 1, 3, or 6 mg/kg body-weight amphetamine. Under acute treatment, groups of rats (16 per group) received amphetamine 45 min before electroshock testing at 8, 16, or 25 days after birth. The EST was significantly higher for the 1st week after treatment in rats given amphetamine (3 mg/kg) from 8-11 days after birth; no changes were observed in the other groups tested chronically with amphetamine. The EST was lower in rats treated acutely at 8 or 16 days and higher in rats treated at 25 days. These data demonstrate that the effects of amphetamine on convulsive responses are dependent not only on the stage of central nervous system (CNS) maturation at the time of drug administration, but also on the duration of drug treatment.
Radiologic staging system for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS)

Abstract Objectives 1) Develop an objective method for quantifying radiologic bone erosion in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS); and 2) assess the utility of the new CT scan staging system in differentiating AFRS patient groups. Methods Patients from two tertiary care rhinology practices with AFRS and available CT scans (1999-2007) were included for review by trained graders. The following novel assessment scale was used: Each paranasal sinus wall with expansion/erosion was scored 1 point, with maximum 3 points possible for each frontal sinus, 2 points for each ethmoid complex, 3 points for each sphenoid sinus, 3 points for each maxillary sinus, and 1 point each for the frontal and sphenoid intersinus septae, yielding maximum of 24 possible points. Results A total of 111 CT scans were reviewed. Mean score was 7.8 (range, 0-24). Males scored significantly higher than females (mean, 9.3 vs 5.6, P = 0.001). African Americans scored significantly higher than Caucasians (mean, 9.6 vs 5.0, P Conclusions A scoring system for bone remodeling in AFRS is presented. Males and African-Americans with AFRS demonstrate significantly more bone erosion. Additional analysis of disease course will assess the utility of this staging system in predicting outcomes.
EINE EFFIZIENTE TOTALSYNTHESE VON (+)-LACTACYSTIN

Eine doppelt stereodifferenzierende Crotylierung des Aldehyds 1 mit dem Silan (S)-2 zum Homoallylalkohol 3 ist der diastereoselektive Schlusselschritt (anti:syn >30:1) einer effizienten asymmetrischen Synthese von (+)-Lactacystin. (+)-Lactacystin ist ein aus Streptomyces sp. OM-6519 isolierter Metabolit mit bemerkenswerter neurotropher Aktivitat. Ein weiterer wichtiger Schritt der Synthese ist eine katalytische asymmetrische Aminohydroxylierung als entscheidender Schritt bei der Synthese des (2R,3S)-Hydroxyleucin-Synthons.
Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid parameters in preterm infants with intraventricular reservoirs.

Intraventricular reservoirs (IVRs) are used to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neonates with post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD). The objectives of this case–control study were to evaluate changes in CSF parameters in serial IVR taps and to compare CSF parameters in culture-positive and -negative specimens. Clinical and laboratory data from serial (up to 7) reservoir taps at 5- to 8-day intervals were collected on preterm neonates with PHVD and IVR insertion. The median (range) gestational age and birth weight of our cohort (n=52) was 26 (23 to 33) weeks and 796 (450 to 1620) grams. Significant decreases in percentage of CSF neutrophils and protein were noted in later taps, compared with the first tap at insertion of IVR. Five (9.6%) infants had positive CSF cultures on 10 occasions. Compared with negative specimens (n=266), the mean (s.d.) proportion of neutrophils in CSF (55% (33) vs 26% (23)) was significantly higher and ratio of CSF to serum glucose significantly lower (0.19 (0.08) vs 0.29 (0.13)) in culture-positive specimens (n=10). The area under the curve was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72 to 0.93) for CSF white blood cell (WBC) count, 0.79 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.90) for CSF protein and 0.75 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.95) for percentage of neutrophils. The sensitivities and specificities for diagnosis of infection was 90 and 63% for CSF WBC count > 42 mm–3, 89 and 58% for CSF protein at > 250 mg dl–1 and 80 and 67% for CSF neutrophil proportion >31.5%. CSF parameters from IVR taps, specifically proportion of neutrophils and proteins are higher at insertion and progressively normalize over time. Although they vary widely, CSF WBC, protein and neutrophil proportion using higher cut-off values have good sensitivity in the diagnosis of infection.
Excuse‐making and blaming as a function of internal—external locus of control

Two studies examined differences in excuse-maktg and blaming by subjects with internal or external locus of control. In Study I, 39 internals and 30 externals judged acceptability of various excuses in three situations and also assigned blame for cheating and lying in other situations. Externals were uniformly more prone to use excuses than internals, both for other actors and for themselves. Also, externals tended to assign less blame for cheating and lying. In Study II, 24 internals and 32 externals divided blame among themselves, another person, and ‘no one to blame’ in 10 joint-responsible situations. Externals assigned more blame to the other person and less to themselves, but approximately the same blame to ‘no one’ Externals also had higher tendencies to blame others and were more sensitive to being blamed. These results point to a ‘missing dimension’ of interpersonal relations in studies of excuse-making and blame.
NC State's Supply Chain Resource Cooperative Educates in the Real World

North Carolina State University's Supply Chain Resource Cooperative (SCRC) is a unique university-industry initiative that provides MBA and undergraduate students with opportunities to apply supply chain (SC) theory and concepts to field-based projects over a semester. We integrate field-based student course projects with real problems that companies are facing. The projects are led by SCRC directors, faculty at the Poole College of Management, and SC managers that financially support the SCRC. The SCRC focuses on improving the caliber of students entering the SC management profession. It accomplishes this by bringing the classroom into industry and involving students in finding viable solutions to real business problems, thus facilitating interactions between students and companies. Since 2000, 1,251 students have completed 331 projects with 39 companies. The SCRC is a self-funded small business that is supported by donor companies. Its organizational structure enables us to develop and maintain long-term relationships with donor companies, which are critical for a successful student-based outreach initiative with industry. In this paper, we describe the SCRC's evolution and benefits, and provide insights that may help other institutions interested in establishing similar organizations.
Gemini vitamin D analog suppresses ErbB2-positive mammary tumor growth via inhibition of ErbB2/AKT/ERK signaling

Numerous synthetic vitamin D analogs have been studied for their effects on the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, the inhibitory effects of naturally occurring 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or its synthetic analogs on ErbB2 overexpressing mammary tumorigenesis have not been reported. Gemini vitamin D analogs are novel synthetic vitamin D derivatives with a unique structure of two six-carbon chains at C-20. We have previously shown that Gemini vitamin D analogs significantly inhibited carcinogen-induced estrogen receptor (ER)-positive mammary tumorigenesis and reduced ER-negative MCF10DCIS.com xenograft tumor growth without hypercalcemic toxicity. In the present study, we have determined the inhibitory effect of a potent Gemini vitamin D analog BXL0124 (1α,25-dihydroxy-20R-21(3-hydroxy-3-deuteromethyl-4,4,4-trideuterobutyl)-23-yne-26,27-hexafluoro-cholecalciferol) on the ErbB2/Her-2/neu overexpressing mammary tumorigenesis. The Gemini BXL0124 inhibits ErbB2-positive mammary tumor growth and down-regulates the phosphorylation of ErbB2, ERK and AKT in tumors of MMTV-ErbB2/neu transgenic mice. These effects of Gemini BXL0124 in vivo were confirmed by using the ErbB2 overexpressing tumor cells derived from the mammary tumors of MMTV-ErbB2/neu mice. In conclusion, the Gemini vitamin D analog BXL0124 inhibits the growth of ErbB2 overexpressing mammary tumors through regulating the ErbB2/AKT/ERK signaling pathways, suggesting that Gemini vitamin D analog may be considered for translational studies.
Pore-limit electrophoresis on a gradient of polyacrylamide gel.

Abstract Rat plasma proteins migrating into a polyacrylamide gel gradient, 5 to 20%, produce a stable pattern after 16.5 to 21 hr and resolution is better than that obtained by the disc method.
QTc prolongation is associated with impaired right ventricular function and predicts mortality in pulmonary hypertension.

Background In rodent models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), the QTc interval is prolonged, reflecting downregulation of repolarizing Kv channels in RV myocytes. The significance of QTc prolongation in human PH is unknown. We hypothesized that QTc prolongation occurs in human PH, is associated with RVH and decreased RV function, and predicts adverse prognosis.
Patterns of polypeptide synthesis in various maize organs under anaerobiosis.

The pattern of protein synthesis was compared in several organs of maize (Zea mays L.) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Protein synthesis was measured by [35S]methionine incorporation and analysis by two-dimensional native-SDS (sodium lauryl sulfate) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The aerobic protein-synthesis profiles were very different for root, endosperm, scutellum and anther wall. However, except for some characteristic qualitative and quantitative differences, the patterns of protein synthesis during anaerobiosis were remarkably similar for these diverse organs and also for mesocotyl and coleoptile. The proteins synthesized were the anaerobic polypeptides (ANPs) which have been previously described in anaerobic roots of seedlings. Leaves exhibited no detectable protein synthesis under anaerobic conditions, and died after a short anaerobic treatment. Evidence is presented that the ANPs are not a generalized response to stress. This indicates that the ANPs are synthesized as a specific response to anaerobic conditions such as flooding.
Using temporal cohesion to predict temporal coherence in narrative and expository texts

We investigated the linguistic features of temporal cohesion that distinguish variations in temporal coherence. In an analysis of 150 texts, experts rated temporal coherence on three continuous scale measures designed to capture unique representations of time. Coh-Metrix, a computational tool that assesses textual cohesion, correctly predicted the human ratings with five features of temporal cohesion. The correlations between predicted and actual scores were all statistically significant. In a complementary study, we explored the importance of temporal cohesion in characterizing genre. A discriminant function analysis, using Coh-Metrix temporal indices, successfully distinguished the genres of science, history, and narrative texts. The results suggested that history texts are more similar to narrative texts than to science texts in terms of temporal cohesion.
A method for silver impregnation of mammary myoepithelia.

Histochemical methods for microscopic visualization of nummary myoepithelial cells all yielded considerable variation in completeness of myoepithelial cell staining. Although extremely variable, silver impregnation occasionally gave tissue sections containing myoepithelia having excellent microanatomical detail and contrast with other tissue elements. Consequently, sources of variation in the silver technique were considered. Composition of the tissue fixative and pH of the silver impregnating solution were most critical. A final method is presented which gives consistent, complete silver impregnation of myoepithelia, where both the cell body and cell processes are clearly evident. The staining procedure is not light sensitive, nor is acid cleaning of glassware necessary. Tissue sections from lactating mouse, rat, hamster and goat are presented; tissue from other species should stain as well. The procedure should greatly facilitate the study of the function of myoepithelial cells and the visualization of ...
Parathyroid Carcinoma: Update and Guidelines for Management

Parathyroid carcinoma is one of the rarest known malignancies that may occur sporadically or as a part of a genetic syndrome. It accounts for approximately 1% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The majority (90%) of parathyroid cancer tumors are hormonally functional and hypersecrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). Thus, most patients exhibit strong symptomatology of hypercalcemia at presentation. Sometimes, it can be difficult to diagnose parathyroid cancer preoperatively due to clinical features shared with benign causes of hyperparathyroidism. Imaging techniques such as neck ultrasound and 99mTc sestamibi scan can help localize disease, but they are not useful in the assessment of malignancy potential. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) prior to initial operation is not recommended due to technical difficulty in differentiating benign and malignant disease on cytology specimens and the possible associated risk of tumor seeding from the needle track. Complete surgical resection with microscopically negative margins is the recommended treatment and offers the best chance of cure. Persistent or recurrent disease occurs in more than 50% of patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Surgical resection is also the primary mode of therapy for recurrence since it can offer significant palliation for the metabolic derangement caused by hyperparathyroidism and allows hypercalcemia to become more medically manageable. However, reoperation is rarely curative and eventual relapse is likely. Chemotherapy and external beam radiation treatments have been generally ineffective in the treatment of parathyroid carcinoma. Typically, these patients require repeated operations that predispose them to accumulated surgical risks with each intervention. In inoperable cases, few palliative treatment options exist, although treatment with calcimimetics can effectively control hypercalcemia in some patients. Most patients ultimately succumb to complications of hypercalcemia rather than from tumor burden or infiltration.
Bankruptcy Laws and Entrepreneur‐ Friendliness

Using bankruptcy laws as a case of formal institutions, we show how formal institutions impact entrepreneurship development. Historically, bankruptcy laws usually have been harsh. Recently, many go...
Hierarchical Elimination and Regionalization in Spatial Choice

Spatial choice models have been criticized for their restrictive assumptions. In particular, the independence or constant-ratio axiom of Luce has been questioned because of its failure to account for the effects of similarity between alternatives. Tversky's elimination by aspects model provides a natural explanation of similarity effects, but cannot be estimated from binary probabilities. The elimination by tree or, equivalently, hierarchical elimination model is less restrictive than the constant-ratio model and more parsimonious than elimination by aspects. To estimate this model in a spatial interaction context, a hierarchical regionalization based upon interareal flow data is first obtained. The lengths of the links in the resultant tree structure are reestimated on the basis of choice probability ratios.
Localization of microfilaments in prolactin cells of the rat anterior pituitary gland.

Prolactin cells from anterior pituitary glands of normal non-lactating female rats, and lactating animals, some of which were separated from their pups for 48 hours, were examined ultrastructurally for the presence of microfilaments. Microfilaments were found in specific intracellular locations in all cells examined. They were in association with the nuclear envelope, the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, small vesicles of the endoplasmic reticulum, and secretory granules. The possible role of microfilaments in the movement of intracellular organelles is considered.
Adsorption and Decomposition of Hydrazine on Carbon Monoxide-Modified Pt(111) Surfaces

The decomposition of hydrazine has been studied on a CO-modified Pt(111) surface. Hydrazine decomposition on the clean Pt(111) surface proceeds with a maximum rate at 310 K and an apparent first-or...
Notes on growth faults and sedimentary bed motions

The behavior of sediments in response to faults, and the corresponding influence of the sediments on the faults, are problems that control or modify substantially the evolution of sedimentary structures, fluid migration pathways, and the later deposition of post-fault sedimentary units. The self-consistent evolution of faults and sedimentary beds, including both footwall and hanging-wall motion of the beds, is investigated here using a novel inverse procedure which is guaranteed to honor present-day data on fault and bed positions. Paleo-evolution of both the faults and sediments is handled through constraint criteria such as conserved sediment area, bed-length, desired depositional and/or boundary conditions, or prescribed throw of sediments along a fault curve with time, etc. A procedure is given for using the constraint criteria either individually or collectively, with or without relative weighting conditions. In addition, for the cases of observed multiple faults, which either overlap laterally in a section or which are separated with no lateral overlap, a mapping procedure is given for transforming all such faults to a much simpler coordinate frame in which all the faults are (a) vertical, (b) of constant length, (c) do not overlap. The mapping procedure is shown to be universally valid for all times, so that the faults stay fixed and the sedimentary beds move through the new coordinate frame with time. Growth and arcuate faults are accommodated by the mapping procedure, as are flower and inverted flower arrangements of faults. The constraint criteria controlling paleo-evolution are also shown to be mappable to the new coordinate frame, so that desired paleo-evolutionary constraints can be easily accommodated through time-dependence of the mapping functions. The general mapping procedure, and the inverse method given for obtaining those parameters which describe paleo-evolution of faults and sediments in a self-consistent manner, are of use in addressing a wide variety of evolving fault/sediment interactions with a guarantee that the control criteria imposed will automatically honor present-day observations of both the faults and the sedimentary beds.
Racial/ethnic differences in self-reported and biologic measures of chronic stress in pregnancy.

Racial/ethnic differences in self-reported and biologic measures of chronic stress in pregnancy
The acoustic transmission and scattering characteristics of a plate with line impedance discontinuities

An approach is presented to investigate the acoustic transmission and scattering of a plane wave by a fluid loaded plate with line impedance discontinuities. Non-specular contributions to the acoustic field are shown to originate at the discontinuities on the plate, which is described by Timoshenko-Mindlin plate theory. For a finite number of discontinuities, the non-specular scattered far field is expressed as a sum of cylindrical waves which can exhibit highly directional characteristics. The coefficients of the cylindrical waves are expressed, by using Fourier transform methods, as the solution of a linear set of coupled equations. Several special cases, which include the scattering from a single discontinuity, a finite number of discontinuities, and also an infinite number of discontinuities, are investigated and discussed. It is noted that when the acoustic-elastic interactions among the discontinuities can be neglected, the non-specular scattered field can be expressed as a product of two terms: i.e., the non-specular scattered field from a single discontinuity times a scattering array factor. Numerical results are presented for this latter case in order to illustrate the characteristics of the non-specular scattered field from an array of discontinuities.
Pregnanes from defensive glands of a belostomatid bug.

The aquatic bugAbedus herberti (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) secretes a mixture containing four pregnanes (desoxycorticosterone (I), pregnenolone (II), progesterone (III), and 3α-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (IV)) from its cephalic glands. Pregnanes had previously been characterized from the defensive glands of aquatic beetles (Dytiscidae) and shown to be deterrent to fish. It may be specifically under predation pressure from fish thatA. herberti and Dytiscidae evolved their comparable defenses.
On the estimation of temperatures at moderate depths in the crust of the Earth

The modern deep well makes it possible to determine the temperatures of the rocks to depths exceeding two miles, and the rock-samples obtained at these great depths enable the geologist to estimate the depths to the deeply buried basement-rocks to a rather high degree of precision. The latter estimates are now being supplemented to a certain extent by the precision-measurements of geophysicist, so that reliable data seem to be assured even in those areas in which the basement rocks are not reached by the drill. With these two sources of information at our disposal—accurate temperature-measurements and reliable estimates or measurements of depths to bed-rock—it should be possible to construct a rather accurate subsurface map showing the temperatures on the boundary-surface between the sedimentaries and the basement floor. In this paper it is proposed chiefly to outline the method of procedure by making some rough calculations of the temperatures at great depths for a few locations in the United States and for one location near Carnarvon, Cape Province, South Africa.
Development of and Recovery From Difficulty With Activities of Daily Living: An Analysis of National Data

Background: National-level data are needed on predictors of mild physical impairment among older adults to assist policy makers with resource allocation. Method: We analyzed data on adults above age 64 from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) with no activity of daily living (ADL) difficulties at baseline ( n = 14,226). Five ADLs were measured annually and recovery was defined as regaining complete ADL function at follow-up. Results: The strongest correlates of ADL difficulty were use of antipsychotic medications (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44 to 2.58), instrumental ADL difficulty (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.74 to 2.07), and fair-poor general health (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.78). Only the number of incident ADL difficulties was associated with recovery (AOR = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01 to 0.02). Conclusion: Identifying factors associated with development of mild physical impairment could help direct patients toward preventive care programs to preempt decline i...
Opiate Antagonistic Function of Cholecystokinin in Analgesia and Energy Balance Systems

Because several effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) are opposite to those reported for opioids, it seemed likely that CCK may function as an endogenous antagonist of opiate action. This hypothesis was tested initially by assessing the effect of CCK on opiate analgesias. Systemic administration of CCK attenuated opiate analgesias produced by morphine and footshock, but did not reduce nonopiate footshock analgesia. When delivered directly to the lumbosacral spinal cord, a critical site of opiate action, 3.6 ng of CCK-8 significantly inhibited opiate-mediated footshock analgesia; however, 3.6 ng of desulfated CCK-8 did not have an effect. Sequestering of endogenously circulating CCK by antibodies raised against CCK through an active immunization procedure resulted in a potentiation of morphine analgesia. If CCK functions to inhibit opiate involvement in behaviors other than pain responsitivity, CCK-induced satiety may result from an inhibition of opiate-stimulated feeding. In immunohistochemical studies, we have found a dense CCK fiber plexus in the dorsal PVN, a critical site for opiate-induced feeding. Direct microinjections of CCK to this region reduced short-term food intake by 28%. The findings presented here support the hypothesis that an opiate antagonistic function of CCK may account for several previously reported effects of this peptide.
REQUIENELLACEAE, A NEW FAMILY OF LOCULOASCOMYCETES

A new family of Loculoascomycetes is erected for species with unbranched, sparsely septate pseu? doparaphyses and pigmented, distoseptate ascospores that form in asci with broad cylinders of differentially-staining material at their apices. Requienella is reinstated and selected to typify the family. Requienella seminuda and R. lichenopsis are newly combined. Requienella seminuda, whose epithet has long been misapplied to a species of Melanomma, is selected to typify the genus.
Sleep Deprivation and Psychosocial Impact in Acutely Ill Cancer Patients

Sleep is an important factor related to health and quality of life for all individuals. For people with cancer, sleep disturbances are common and are a source of distress. This article summarizes the problems and reviews the types, prevalence, etiology, risk factors, clinical sequelae, and management of sleep disturbances experienced by cancer patients. A comprehensive review of the literature is presented, along with direction for nursing practice and research.
Behavioral and Psychophysiological Responsiveness During Child Feeding in Mothers with Histories of Eating Disorders: A Pilot Study

The aim of this pilot project was to describe maternal responsiveness during child feeding in mothers with eating disorder histories through the combined use of observational, self-report, and physiologic methods. For this non-randomized cohort pilot study, 25 mothers with histories of eating disorders and 25 mothers with no history of an eating disorder with children ages 6–36 months were selected such that the groups were similar based on child age group (within 6 months) and child sex. Maternal behavioral responsiveness to child cues was assessed by video-recording and behavioral coding of both a free-play and feeding episode. Physiologic engagement was assessed through measurement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity during free-play and feeding episodes. No differences were detected in observed behavioral responsiveness during feeding or free-play in mothers with eating disorder histories compared with controls. Mothers with eating disorder histories did report more parenting stress, increased anxiety, and exhibited a blunted physiologic stress response (less RSA reactivity) during both feeding and free-play interactions with their children. These results support future larger-scale investigations of RSA reactivity in mothers with eating disorders.
Interactions between selenium and methylmercury in rat brain.

Abstract The interaction of selenium with methylmercury was investigated in brain of animals labeled with 75 SeO 3 2− and CH 3 203 Hg + . Brains were fractionated into subcellular components and the cytosol was further fractionated by chromatography on Sephadex G-150 and G-200. The main result of these studies was evidence suggesting a shift of 75 Se from the cytosol to the mitochondrial fraction in brain when CH 3 Hg + was given. Concurrent equimolar (10 μmoles/kg) selenite injections increased the uptake of Hg but did not alter 203 Hg distribution in brain. Changing the dose of CH 3 Hg + from 1 to 38 μmoles/kg had little effect on Hg uptake (% of dose per g). Gel filtrations on Sephadex G-150 and G-200 revealed that 203 Hg in cytosol followed a pattern more closely related to protein ( A 280 ) than to 75 Se, although a considerable portion of both isotopes eluted with proteins in the void volume. Assays of whole brain homogenates revealed a slight reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity in CH 3 Hg + -treated rats which was not seen when equimolar selenite was injected with the CH 3 Hg + .
Electron-impact cross sections of atomic oxygen

We report electron-impact-induced emission cross sections for the 2p4 3P–3s 3So (130.4 nm), 2p4 3P–3d 3Do (102.7 nm), 2p4 3P–3s' 3Do (98.9 nm) and 2p4 3P–3s'' 3Po (87.8 nm) transitions of atomic oxygen. Measurements were made using a magnetically confined electron beam in collision with atomic oxygen produced by an extended microwave discharge source in a crossed-beam arrangement. A 0.2 m vacuum ultraviolet diffraction spectrometer was used to record the emission. The absolute excitation functions of these transitions were determined by normalizing to the O I (130.4 nm) cross section produced by dissociative excitation of O2 at 100 eV impact energy (Noren et al 2001a Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 1379). A 60-state model of the O I electron reaction structure has been used to extract the excitation cross sections from the experimental measurements. The model process establishes analytic collision strengths to the asymptotic limit.
Vortex correlations in the superconducting transition of YBa 2 (Cu 1-x Al x ) 3 O 7-δ films in high magnetic fields

We determine the characteristic length scale for vortex correlations in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${)}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ films [0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.03] by studying their current-voltage characteristics in fields 0.5 T\ensuremath{\le}B\ensuremath{\le}6 T. We find that critical scaling persists over 60% of the resistive transition (which widens from 3 to 30 K as doping concentration and field increase) and breaks down when the correlation length is 500--1250 \AA{}, a value that does not depend on the intervortex spacing. This result suggests that pinning in as-made films of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ is dominated by extended rather than microscopic defects.
The Spectrum of HeNe

Abstract Discharges through mixtures of helium and neon show two band groups near 4250 and 4100 A as first observed by Druyvesteyn. These bands, assigned to the HeNe+ ion by Tanaka, Yoshino, and Freeman, have been studied under high resolution and have been fairly completely analyzed. The upper state of the transition is a very weakly bound state resulting from He + ( 2 S) + Ne ( 1 S 0 ) . There are two lower states resulting from the two components of Ne + ( 2 P) + He ( 1 S 0 ) . The upper of these two ( 2 Π 1 2 ) is also very weakly bound while the lower of the two, the 2Σ+ ground state, has a dissociation energy of 0.69 eV and an re value of 1.30 A. All bands in both band groups show four branches designated Rff, Qef, Qfe, and Pee. From their analysis the rotational constants in the various vibrational levels of the three electronic states have been determined. While no spin splitting in the B2Σ+ state has been found the ground state X2Σ shows a very large spin splitting and the A 2 2 Π 1 2 state a very large Ω-type doubling. The vibrational numberings in all these states were established by the study of the spectrum of 3HeNe+. At the same time the hyperfine structure observed in all lines of 3HeNe+ confirmed the nature of the upper state B2Σ+ as resulting from He+ + Ne, i.e., by charge exchange from the ground state. The 2 Π 1 2 component of the 2Π state has not been observed, presumably because of low intensity.
Kinetic, Spectroscopic, and X-Ray Crystallographic Evidence for the Cooperative Mechanism of the Hydration of Nitriles Catalyzed by a Tetranuclear Ruthenium-μ-oxo-μ-hydroxo Complex

The tetranuclear ruthenium-oxo-hydroxo-hydride complex {[(PCy3)(CO)RuH]4(μ4-O)(μ3-OH)(μ2-OH)} (1) was found to be a highly cooperative catalyst for the nitrile hydration reaction. The cooperative mechanism of the hydration of benzonitrile was established by Hill inhibition kinetics. The treatment of a nitrile substrate with complex 1 led to the catalytically relevant nitrile-coordinated tetraruthenium complex 3. The X-ray structure of the nitrile-coordinated complex 3 showed a considerably “relaxed” tetrameric core structure compared to that of 1. The hydration of para-substituted benzonitriles p-X-C6H4CN with an electron-withdrawing group (X = Cl, Br, CO2H, CF3) exhibited cooperative kinetics, as indicated by the sigmoidal saturation kinetics, while the hydration of nitriles with an electron-donating group (X = OH, OMe, t-Bu, CH3) obeyed Michaelis–Menten saturation kinetics. The formation of a ruthenium hydride species was observed during the hydration of methacrylonitrile, and its monomeric nature was e...
Percutaneous Balloon Dilation of Carpentier-Edwards Porcine-Valved Right Ventricle-to-Pulmonary Artery Conduits

Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) conduit stenosis remains a significant problem for patients with right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-to-PA) conduits placed as palliation for congenital heart disease. Previous reports on balloon dilation of RVOT conduits all describe small series with varying levels of success during limited follow-up evaluation. This study reviewed all patients with RV-to-PA conduits who underwent percutaneous balloon dilation for conduit stenosis at the authors' institution from 2000 to 2011. Patients with Carpentier-Edwards (CE) model 4300 porcine-valved conduits (Edwards Lifesciences Corp., Irvine, CA) (n = 19) were compared with patients who had all other types of conduits (n = 19). Successful balloon angioplasty was defined as a 20 % decrease in the RV-to-PA gradient, a 20 % decrease in the ratio of the RV systolic-to-aortic systolic pressure, or both. Balloon dilation was successful for 57.9 % of the patients with CE conduits and for 31.6 % of patients with other types of conduits (p = 0.10, Chi square test). Logistic regression analysis showed that balloon dilation was significantly more likely to be successful with CE valves than with other types (odds ratio [OR], 6.59; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.22-35.49). In a continuous series of patients with stenotic RV-to-PA conduits, the CE porcine-valved conduit was more amenable to percutaneous balloon dilation than other types of RV-to-PA conduits at the midterm follow-up evaluation. This has important ramifications in terms of valve selection for patients with congenital heart disease who will require surgical reintervention for RVOT stenosis.
Letter by Liu Regarding Article, “Systolic and Diastolic Mechanics in Stress Cardiomyopathy”

I have read the Medeiros et al1 article published on April 22, 2014, that analyzed systolic and diastolic mechanics of stress cardiomyopathy (SCM) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This interesting study leaves 2 unanswered questions: Why do SCM and AMI have similar systolic and diastolic properties, even though they have distinctive causes, pathophysiologies, and clinical manifestations? And do we have to rely on coronary angiogram to differentiate them? Now that more real-time cardiac imaging is applied in patients with acute coronary syndrome, it is realized that SCM occurs much more often than we thought. Recent research suggests that SCM is mediated by …
Information Hiding Based on Binary Encoding Methods and Linear Transformation Scrambling Techniques

The paper proposes a hybrid method that combines a binary encoding method and a linear transformation scrambling technique to hide an image. Firstly, a linear transformation scrambling technique is used to rearrange the pixel values of a covert image to form a linear-transformation-scrambled matrix by using a certain linear transformation scrambling technique. Secondly, the linear-transformation-scrambled matrix is encoded into a host image to form an overt image by using a certain encoding method. The overt image contains seven groups of binary codes, i.e. identification codes, dimension codes, graylevel codes, linear slope codes, linear intersection codes, linear transformation scrambling times codes, and information codes. The parameters are used to encode and hide the covert image. According to the simulation results, the proposed method does well, larger image scrambling degree for the scrambled matrix, and saver computing time.
Beyond Kantian Liberalism: Peace through Globalization?

Although globalization has become one of the most salient issues in the study of international relations during the past few decades, its net effect on international conflict remains unexplored. I argue that although the manifold phenomena of globalization may conflict (i.e. produce both positive and negative influences), its overall consequences help foster a common peaceful disposition among national leaders who are then less likely to resort to arms in times of crisis. Based on a cross-sectional, time-series dyadic data analysis for 114 countries during the period from 1970 to 2001, this study reports that socio-economic and political globalization in its entirety generates a dampening effect on militarized interstate disputes. Even when common conflict-related control variables such as democracy, economic interdependence, joint membership in international organizations, and others are incorporated into the analysis, globalization emerges as the most powerful explanatory variable. Consequently, globalization when taken in its entirety represents an unambiguous force for interstate peace.
Surface Proteins and Glycoproteins of Ejaculated Bovine Spermatozoa. II. Molecular Composition of the Midpiece and Mainpiece

The midpiece and mainpiece of bovine spermatozoa were fractionated by sucrose densitygradient centrifugation after gentle sonic disruption. The composition of proteins and glycoproteins of the isolated fractions was examined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some proteins are found in both midpieces and mainpieces while a few are present in midpieces but not in mainpieces. When the gels were stained with 125 1-concanavalin A or periodateSchiff’s stain to visualize glycoproteins, a number of glycoprotein bands were revealed. Surfacelabeling with fluorescamine and tritium showed that some of the above glycorproteins and several high molecular weight bands larger than 125,000 are exposed to the sperm surface. The differential composition of surface proteins is likely to reflect the heterogeneous distribution of molecules on the sperm surface and provides evidence of structural and functional differentiation of the sperm surface membrane.
LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER COLLEGE STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES: A LOOK AT MULTIPLE CULTURAL MINORITIES

College students with disabilities who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) represent diverse cultural minorities with multiple service needs involving disabilities, identities, and adjustment strategies. These students are usually accommodated in the college environment because of their disability while simultaneously marginalized based on their sexual orientation. This article discusses LGBT college students with disabilities as multiple cultural minorities with a focus on educational environments, institutional issues, and strategies for university personnel. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metalloproteomics: Challenges and Prospective for Clinical Research Applications

Metals are essential cofactors, utilized in many critical cellular processes. For example, zinc is important in insulin biosynthesis and may play a role in Alzheimer's disease, but much of how the zinc-mediated process remains unknown. Knowing which metal is in which protein at a given point in time would lead to new insights into how metals work in biological systems. New tools are being developed to investigate the biochemistry and cell biology of metals, with potential for biomedical applications. In this report, we consider the promise and limitations of metalloproteins detection techniques. We provide a brief overview of the techniques available and a discussion of the technical challenges to biomedical applications, with particular focus on what must be overcome for the potential of these approaches to be achieved.
Age and kidney function are the primary correlates of fasting plasma total homocysteine levels in non-diabetic and diabetic adults. Results from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is commonly elevated in persons with diabetes. This may be due to effects of insulin and/or glucose and/or metabolic control on the metabolism or plasma levels of tHcy. This study examined the effects of fasting plasma glucose status on fasting tHcy levels among adults without diabetes, and diabetes per se among adults with a self-report history of diabetes.
Reactivation of and Primary Infection with Human Herpesvirus 8 among Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is the causal agent of all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, including the iatrogenic form that presents in solid-organ transplant recipients. A longitudinal study of HHV-8 seropositivity was conducted among a cohort consisting of children and adult solid-organ transplant recipients. Antibodies to HHV-8 lytic proteins were detected by an indirect immuno-fluorescence assay in serum samples of 100 transplant recipients. HHV-8 seropositivity increased significantly, from 5.3% before transplantation to 15.8% after transplantation (P < .01). Seropositivity was not related to the age of the patient or the type of organ transplanted. HHV-8 seroconversion occurred in both children and adult recipients. None of the seroconversion events was related to the source of the donor organ. These findings suggest that HHV-8 infection is not uncommon among both adult and children transplant recipients and that viral infection may be acquired from an outside source other than the transplanted organ.