cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Body Image and “Fat Talk”

Fat talk is a conversational style whereby girls and women say negative things about their bodies, such as, “I’m so fat,” to other females for presumed social functions. Recent empirical investigations show women and men in the United States recognize fat talk as normative, and clear gender differences exist whereby women report more exposure to fat talk and more pressure to engage in it than men. However, women report less personal adherence to these norms compared to their perception of ‘other women’. There is limited empirical support showing positive functions of fat talk for adults, and most studies show its association with pathological constructs such as poor body image and disordered eating behaviors.
Reflectance confocal microscopy of skin in vivo: From bench to bedside

Following more than two decades of effort, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging of skin was granted codes for reimbursement by the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Dermatologists in the USA have started billing and receiving reimbursement for the imaging procedure and for the reading and interpretation of images. RCM imaging combined with dermoscopic examination is guiding the triage of lesions into those that appear benign, which are being spared from biopsy, against those that appear suspicious, which are then biopsied. Thus far, a few thousand patients have been spared from biopsy of benign lesions. The journey of RCM imaging from bench to bedside is certainly a success story, but still much more work lies ahead toward wider dissemination, acceptance, and adoption. We present a brief review of RCM imaging and highlight key challenges and opportunities. The success of RCM imaging paves the way for other emerging optical technologies, as well-and our bet for the future is on multimodal approaches. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:7-19, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of Concomitant Stress Incontinence Surgery at Time of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery Since Release of the 2011 Notification on Serious Complications Associated with Transvaginal Mesh

Purpose: There is controversy regarding the performance of concomitant anti-incontinence procedures at the time of pelvic organ prolapse repair. Data support improvement in stress urinary incontinence with a concomitant sling but increased adverse events. We assessed trends in preoperative stress urinary incontinence evaluation, concomitant anti-incontinence procedure at pelvic organ prolapse surgery and postoperative anti-incontinence procedures at our institution before and after the 2011 FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) Public Health Notification pertaining to vaginal mesh.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent pelvic organ prolapse surgery from 2009 to 2015. Preoperative workup included assessment of subjective stress urinary incontinence and/or evaluation for leakage with reduction of pelvic organ prolapse on physical examination, urodynamics or a pessary trial. The percentages of concomitant and postoperative anti-incontinence procedures were ...
Strategies for optimal operating point selection in timing speculative processors

Performance of timing speculative processors relies on strategies for accurate prediction of optimal operating points. In this paper, we develop an efficient process-variation-aware simulation framework and use it to evaluate a range of such timing speculation strategies. Our experiments on a timing speculative processor running applications from the MiBench benchmark suite show that, in a typical case, while a perfect timing speculation strategy can improve throughput by up to 143% over a guardbanded design, the most commonly used approach in the literature achieves only a 21.8% of the potential gains. By improving the speculation accuracy, the new strategies we propose in this paper can realize up to 35.6% of the potential gains, a throughput improvement of 50.9% over a guardbanded design.
Johannes Mahr, Übergang zum Endlichen, der Weg des Dichters in Novalis’ Heinrich von Ofterdingen

(1972). Johannes Mahr, Ubergang zum Endlichen, der Weg des Dichters in Novalis’ Heinrich von Ofterdingen. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 154-156.
Placental microRNA Expression Is Not Altered by Maternal Obesity and Fetal Overgrowth.

Objective The epigenetic mechanisms underlying fetal metabolic programming are poorly understood. We studied whether obesity is associated with alterations in placental miRNA expression. Study Design A cross-sectional study was performed, including (1) normal-weight women (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2) and normal-birth-weight (BW) infants (2,700-3,500 g) (n = 20), (2) normal-weight and macrosomic infants (BW ≥ 4,000 g) (n = 10), (3) obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and normal BW infants (n = 16), and (4) obese and macrosomic infants (n = 10). All had term deliveries (37-41 weeks) and normal glucose tolerance (1 hour GCT < 7.2 mmol/L [130 mg/dL]). The expression of 5,639 placental miRNAs was assessed using miRNA microarray. Differential miRNA expression was determined using two-way ANOVA and pairwise contrasts, with the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) correction. MiRNAs with Z-scores ≥ 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 20% were considered significant. Results Principal components analysis demonstrated similar global miRNA expression profiles among groups. Of 5,639 miRNAs, only 5 were significantly different between obese and controls, which were not validated by quantitative polymerase reaction. Conclusion There was no difference in placental miRNA expression associated with obesity or overgrowth. Aberrant placental miRNA expression is an unlikely mechanism underlying fetal metabolic programming related to maternal obesity.
Abstract P048: The Role of p62 in Cardiac Protein Quality Control

Rationale: Two recent studies suggest an important role of autophagy in protection against αB-crystallin-based (CryAB R120G ) desmin-related cardiomyopathies (DRC) but this has not been demonstrated in a different model of cardiac proteinopathy. Moreover, mechanisms underlying the response of cardiomyocytes to increased expression of misfolded proteins remain incompletely understood. Objective: First,to determine whether and how the autophagic activity is changed in a mouse model of desminopathy; second, to investigate the role of p62 in the protein quality control of cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results: Using an autophagosome reporter and determining changes in LC3-II protein levels in response to lysosomal inhibition, we found significantly increased autophagic flux in mouse hearts with transgenic overexpression of a DRC-linked mutant desmin. Similarly, autophagic flux was increased in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) expressing a mutant desmin. Suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine increased, whereas enhancement of autophagy by rapamycin reduced, the ability of a comparable level of mutant desmin overexpression to accumulate ubiquitinated proteins in NRVMs. Furthermore, p62 mRNA and protein expression was significantly upregulated in cardiomyocytes by transgenic overexpression of the mutant desmin or CryAB R120G both in intact mice and in vitro. p62 depletion impaired aggresome and autophagosome formation, exacerbated cell injury, and decreased cell viability in cultured NRVMs expressing the misfolded proteins. Conclusions: Autophagic flux is increased in desminopathic hearts, serving as an adaptive response to overexpression of misfolded proteins. p62 is upregulated in mouse proteinopathic hearts. p62 protects cardiomyocytes against proteotoxic stress by promoting aggresome formation and autophagy activation.
Evaluation of sample extraction methods for minimizing hematocrit effect on whole blood analysis with volumetric absorptive microsampling

Aim: Volumetric absorptive microsampler (VAMS) was designed to sample a fixed volume of blood regardless of the hematocrit (HCT) levels. Model compounds with a wide range of hydrophobicity were evaluated for their extraction recoveries from VAMS dried blood samples. Results: For the highly hydrophobic compounds, recoveries with methanol or methanol/acetonitrile extraction were higher compared with using the aqueous mixture of methanol or acetonitrile. Extraction with methanol/acetonitrile (1:1) yielded more consistent recovery across the HCT range of 20–70% than using methanol alone, with good linearity, accuracy and precision achieved from 1 to 2000 ng/ml. Conclusion: An organic solvent sample preparation approach was developed to optimize extraction recovery and minimize the HCT effect on the analysis of VAMS dried blood samples.
A framework for adapting to climate change risk in coastal cities

ABSTRACTDisaster management practitioners are accustomed to dealing with changing climates, but rapid anthropogenic climate change is an unprecedented problem. Hazards (e.g. storms, coastal flooding, sea level rise, heat waves) combine with vulnerabilities (e.g. socioeconomic disparity, rapid urbanization, improper land use, rigid governance structures) to increase disaster risk in some coastal cities. Focus on climate change adaptation (CCA) has been increasing as part of the answer to this problem. However, CCA has regularly developed separately from relatively established disaster management efforts, and this paper argues that CCA should generally be included as part of disaster management efforts, utilizing extant social structures, funding streams, theories, and more to avoid duplication of effort. Building on this conceptual foundation, the paper presents a framework for guiding and assessing efforts to reduce this risk. The framework was based on theory, then modified during a case study of New Yor...
Sensory Processing Problems in Post-Institutionalized Children: Implications for Social Work

This article describes problems in sensory integration shown by some institutionalized and post-institutionalized children. The types of problems in sensory integration are discussed as well as contributing factors. Case studies are offered as examples. Implications of these findings for social work are presented.
Perpendicular Deformation of a Near-Single-Crystal Triblock Copolymer with a Cylindrical Morphology. 2. TEM

A poly(styrene-block-isoprene-block-styrene) (SIS) triblock copolymer with a polystyrene (PS) cylinder morphology was globally oriented via roll-casting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to assess the quality of orientation. The roll-casting process produces films with near-single-crystal-like orientation. Large strain deformation was applied perpendicular to the cylinder axis and retained by irradiating the sample with high energy electrons. TEM of sections viewed parallel and perpendicular to the cylinder axis provided real space information on the deformed morphology. For views parallel to the cylinder axis, the initial hexagonal packing of the cylinders distorts into a faulted twinlike texture in which layers of cylinders are oriented at fixed angles with respect to the stretching direction (SD). These fault boundaries are separated by an average distance of about 0.1 μm at 180% deformation. Direct evidence for a chevron texture in which the cylinders kink and turn into the SD was observed at perpendicular incidence. Kink boundaries are separated by an average distance of about 5 μm at a strain of 180%. Optical transforms (OTs) of the TEM images as well as SAXS on deformed irradiated samples are used to directly connect the results to the dynamic SAXS described in a complementary paper. 1 A 3-D model of the deformed morphology summarizes the real space data self-consistently and provides the basis for an interpretation of the dynamic SAXS data.
Abstract W P313: Risk of Rebleed with Resumption of Anticoagulation after Intracranial Hemorrhage

Introduction: Rebleed after resumption of anticoagulation following intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains a substantial concern, but little data is available describing the occurrence of such event...
Stone Agers in the Fast Lane: Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Evolutionary Perspective

From the Department of Anthropology, the School of Medicine, and the Institute of Liberal Arts, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. S. Boyd Eaton, Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. Manuscript submitted December 11’, 1987, and accepted in revjsed form February 5, 1988. From a genetic standpoint, humans living today are Stone Age huntergatherers displaced through time to a world that differs from that for which our genetic constitution was selected. Unlike evolutionary maiadaptation, our current discordance has little effect on reproductive success; rather it acts as a potent promoter of chronic illnesses: atherosclerosis, essential hypertension, many cancers, diabetes meititus, and obesity among others. These diseases are the results of interaction between genetically controlled biochemical processes and a myriad of bioculturai infiuenc&iifestyie factors-that include nutrition, exercise, and exposure to noxious substances. Although our genes have hardly changed, our culture has been transformed almost beyond recognition during the past 10,000 years, especially since the industrial Revolution. There is increasing evidence that the resulting mismatch fosters “diseases of civilization” that together cause 75 percent of ail deaths in Western nations, but that are rare among persons whose iifeways reflect those of our preagricuiturai ancestors.
Sustainable Business Practices in the United States: A Survey on Implementation

A survey was designed and administered to 172 business professionals in the United States in 2015 to obtain their assessments of both the current status and future development of sustainable business practices at their companies. Despite the recent attention given to corporate social responsibility, we find that only 34 percent of respondents have a comprehensive sustainable management plan currently in place. However, the survey indicates that by 2021 that percentage is expected to increase to 54 percent. We also find that the six most popular sustainable business practices are recycling material, reducing waste, using less paper, employing energy-efficient technologies, conserving water, and adopting energy-efficient building designs. Respondents indicate their firms are likely to increase expenditures or investment in these same six sustainable practices from 2016-2021. This suggests these particular practices are viewed as being more feasible and beneficial to implement. Among the background variables investigated, we find that affiliation with an organization promoting sustainability is the most prominent; respondents affiliated with sustainability organizations are more likely to engage in sustainable business practices. Another significant background variable is firm size; large firms are more likely to be engaged in sustainable practices than smaller firms.
Clostridium difficile in inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective study

Aim. To investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods. This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with IBD. 1006 charts were screened and 654 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on the presence of prior diagnosis of CDI. Statistical analysis with Pearson’s chi-squared and two-sample t-test was performed. Results. The incidence of CDI among IBD patients was 6.7%. There was equal prevalence of CDI among Crohn’s disease (CD) ( , 49%) and ulcerative colitis (UC) ( , 51%). IBD patients acquired CDI at a mean age of 42.7 years, with 56% of infections acquired in the community and only 28% associated with healthcare. Only 30% of IBD patients with CDI had prior antibiotic use, and 16% had prior steroid use. IBD patients were significantly more likely to require biologic therapy (57% versus 37%, ) and have extraintestinal manifestations of IBD (43% versus 28%, ). Conclusions. IBD patients are more susceptible to CDI at a younger age and often lack traditional risk factors. IBD patients with at least one CDI were more likely to require biologic therapy and had greater rates of extraintestinal manifestations.
Blah Blah Bleh: Bulimic Writing as Resistance

Megan Milks explores and explodes the lines between criticism, creative writing, theory, and autobiography to suggest that bulimic writing, in its embrace of pathology and disorder, inverts a tradition of neurotypical, ableist (not to mention patriarchal) literary criticism. Considering what Dodie Bellamy calls “The Barf” and Kate Zambreno calls bulimic writing, Milks theorizes and performs uncontainable logorrheic spewing as a potential mode of queer and feminist resistance. The traditional abstract included here is merely a content teaser and, we hope, reads ironically against the innovative critical work that follows. If you wish to read more about the process by which this author undertook writing this essay, as well as the critical stakes of its production, please see the introduction to the volume as well as the accompanying anti-abstract at the close of the chapter.
Comparison of nasal and forehead oximetry accuracy and pressure injury in critically ill patients.

Abstract Background In critically ill patients, clinicians can have difficulty obtaining accurate oximetry measurements. Objective To compare the accuracy of nasal alar and forehead sensor measurements and incidence of pressure injury. Methods 43 patients had forehead and nasal alar sensors applied. Arterial samples were obtained at 0, 24, and 120 hours. Oxygen saturations measured by co-oximetry were compared to sensor values. Skin was assessed every 8 hours. Results Oxygen saturations ranged from 69.8%-97.8%, with 18% of measures Conclusions In this group of patients with decreased perfusion, nasal alar sensors provided a potential alternative for continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation.
A contemporary framework of health equity applied to gynecologic cancer care: A Society of Gynecologic Oncology evidenced-based review

Health disparities are defined as the preventable difference in the burden of disease, injury, and violence, or opportunity to achieve optimal health that socially disadvantaged populations experience compared to the population as a whole. Disparities in incidence and cancer outcomes for women with gynecologic malignancies have been well described particularly for American women of Black race. The etiology of these disparities has been tied to socio-economics, cultural, educational and genetic factors. While access to high quality treatment has been primarily linked to survival from cervical and ovarian cancer, innate biologic distinctions have been principally cited as reasons for differences in incidence and mortality in cancers of the uterine corpus. This article will update the framework of disparities to incorporate a broader understanding of the social determinants of health and how they affect health equity by addressing the root causes of disparities within the health care system. Special populations are identified who are at risk for health inequities which include but are not limited to Black race, underserved racial and ethnic minorities (e.g. indigenous peoples, low English fluency), trans/gender nonconforming people and rural populations. Each of these populations at risk have unique structural barriers within the healthcare system impacting gynecologic cancer outcomes. The authors provide practical recommendations for practitioners aimed at eliminating cancer related outcome disparities.
Quality Cancer Care

The cancer care system suffers from unevenly distributed resources, variability in practice, workforce constraints, and misaligned financial incentives. A quality cancer care system is equitable, patient-centered, safe, effective, and timely. Attaining this vision of quality care depends on a collaborative commitment to equity, transparency, and information sharing for ongoing quality improvement. This chapter focuses primarily on quality cancer care in the USA with implications for global expansion and attention to the navigator role in quality cancer care.
A Parallel Estimation Algorithm

A parallel estimation algorithm is proposed for large scale dynamic systems. The algorithm is bi-modal in that the local estimates are computed in parallel at high sampling rates considering the subsystems as decoupled from each other. At the same time, the outputs of the local estimators are used as initial data for the overall estimator which takes the interaction effects into account in a block-iterative fashion. Each individual locally optimal estimator can have a different sampling rate to match the subsystem dynamics.
Inviting Poems by Free Association: A Method of Discovering What We Mean.

In teaching poetry writing, other forms of art, and even courses in the social and natural sciences, images and hypotheses can best be generated by the use of free association. This process induces...
Double Dipping: Child Analysands Return as Young Adults

Psychoanalytic study of lives over time permits examination of issues relevant to development, psychopathology, therapeutic action, and technique. Early alterations of ego in individuals resulting from the interaction of the innate and environmental, as well as their tendency to persist in various transformations over long periods of time, can be observed in longitudinal studies of child development and also in individuals who have been analyzed in childhood and again in adulthood. For illustration, this chapter considers Evelyne and Jerry from the longitudinal study at the Yale Child Study Center; reanalysis of Frankie and Paul; and the cases of Lisa, Jim, and Charlie reported by Marschke–Tobier and Parsons, Colarusso, and Rosenbaum. Evelyne, Jerry, and Frankie were suffering from developmental disturbances intertwined with neurotic conflict, requiring a therapy that combined developmental help with the analysis of neurotic conflict. Jim presented the picture of an anxiety neurosis, fueled by oedipal conflicts and a prominent sense of castratedness. Lisa was provocative, demanding, expressing fears of bedtime, and wetting her bed regularly; at school she would antagonize teachers and students with verbally and physically aggressive behaviors. Charlie was suffering from depression.
Angiogenesis and Cancer Control: From Concept to Therapeutic Trial.

BackgroundThere is extraordinary interest in developing angiosuppressive agents for cancer treatment. Several new agents appear promising for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. Current co...
Effects of restriction of dietary energy intake during the prepubertal period on secretion of luteinizing hormone and responsiveness of the pituitary to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in heifers.

The working hypothesis that a low plane of nutrition during the prepubertal period delays puberty in heifers by retarding the prepubertal increase in secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) was investigated. Secretion of LH and the responsiveness of the pituitary to LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) were compared in heifers fed a growing diet (which allowed spontaneous occurrence of puberty; n = 12; control) or an energy deficient diet (which delayed puberty; n = 11; delayed) during the prepubertal period. The dietary treatments were initiated when the heifers were 299 +/- 14 (mean +/- SD) d of age (d 0 of the experiment) and continued until d 175 of the experiment (474 +/- 14 d of age). Weight gains were .79 +/- .05 (mean +/- SE) and .21 +/- .03 kg X head-1 X d-1 for control and delayed heifers, respectively. Puberty occurred on d 120 +/- 14 of the experiment (428 +/- 13 d of age) in control heifers, whereas none of the delayed heifers attained puberty during the feeding period. Serum concentration of LH and the frequency of LH pulses increased rapidly during the 175-d feeding period in control heifers. In delayed heifers, serum LH concentration increased less rapidly and no increase in pulse frequency was detected during the experimental period. Amplitude of LH pulses tended to be higher in control than delayed heifers. Responsiveness of LH secretion to LHRH was lower in delayed than control heifers. It is speculated that failure of secretion of LH to increase is the causative factor for delayed puberty when dietary energy is limited during the prepubertal period in heifers.
Identification and characterization of a poliovirus capsid mutant with enhanced thermal stability

Enteric viruses, including poliovirus, are spread by the fecal-oral route. In order to persist and transmit to a new host, enteric virus particles must remain stable once they are in the environment. Environmental stressors such as heat and disinfectants can inactivate virus particles and prevent viral transmission. It has been previously demonstrated that bacteria or bacterial surface glycans can enhance poliovirus virion stability and limit inactivation from heat or bleach. While investigating the mechanisms underlying bacterially enhanced virion thermal stability, we identified and characterized a poliovirus (PV) mutant with increased resistance to heat inactivation. The M132V mutant harbors a single amino acid change in the VP1 capsid coding that is sufficient to confer heat resistance but not bleach resistance. Although the M132V virus was stable in the absence of bacteria or feces at most temperatures, M132V virus was stabilized by feces at very high temperatures. M132V PV had reduced specific infectivity and RNA uncoating compared with those of wild-type (WT) PV, but viral yields in HeLa cells were similar. In orally inoculated mice, M132V had a slight fitness cost since fecal titers were lower and 12.5% of fecal viruses reverted to the WT. Overall, this work sheds light on factors that influence virion stability and fitness.IMPORTANCE Viruses spread by the fecal-oral route need to maintain viability in the environment to ensure transmission. Previous work indicated that bacteria and bacterial surface polysaccharides can stabilize viral particles and enhance transmission. To explore factors that influence viral particle stability, we isolated a mutant poliovirus that is heat resistant. This mutant virus does not require feces for stability at most temperatures but can be stabilized by feces at very high temperatures. Even though the mutant virus is heat resistant, it is susceptible to inactivation by treatment with bleach. This work provides insight into how viral particles maintain infectivity in the environment.
Genistein affects HER2 protein concentration, HER2 activation and HER2 promoter regulation in human breast cancer cells

3725 Soy consumption by Asian women may contribute to the lower incidence of breast cancer. Soy is a rich source of phytoestrogens, including genistein. HER2 proto-oncogene, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, is over expressed in 30% of all breast cancers and is correlated with poor prognosis. Our working hypothesis is that genistein inhibits HER2 gene expression in an ER-dependent, as well as an ER-independent mechanism. Genistein interacts with estrogen receptors (ERs) demonstrating both agonist and antagonist activity. It is also a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We previously found genistein delayed mammary tumor development in transgenic mice that over express HER2. Our goal is to define the mechanism through which genistein affects HER2 protein and mRNA expression. The BT-474 human breast cancer cell line was chosen as our model because it over expresses HER2. BT-474 does not contain ERα but does contain ERβ as characterized by western blot. In cell proliferation experiments, genistein inhibited BT-474 cell growth with an IC50 of 50μM. Unlike genistein, estradiol (E2) stimulated BT-474 cell growth in a dose dependent manner. By western blot, we found that genistein inhibited total HER2 protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose dependent manner, however, E2 had no effect on either HER2 total protein expression or phosphorylation. At the transcriptional level, AP-2 and Ets binding sites located in the HER2 promoter are reported to play an important role in regulation of HER2 gene expression. An inverse relationship between HER2 over expression and expression of ERs has been observed in human breast cancer biopsies. E2 has been found to down-regulate HER2 gene expression through the AP-2 site. To define the ER dependent effect of genistein on HER2 gene transcription, we cloned a 500bp promoter region upstream of the transcription initiation site that is reported to have the E2-inhibitory site. We found that E2 down-regulated the 500bp HER2 promoter reporter construct in BT-474 as well as in ZR75-1 breast cancer cells. In preliminary experiments using BT-474 cells, we found that genistein stimulated the HER2 promoter reporter at low doses in presence of the intrinsic ERβ. In contrast, genistein mimicked E2 and down-regulated the HER2 promoter reporter upon ERα co-transfection, suggesting the importance of the ERα:ERβ ratio in genistein action. In conclusion, genistein regulates HER2 protein expression, tyrosine phosphorylation and HER2 promoter.
Racial diversity in abortion education and intention to provide abortion in postresidency practice: data from the Ryan Program.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In 2011, 38% of US reproductive-aged women lived in the 89% of counties with no abortion provider. Physicians from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds (Black, Latino, Native American, and Asian American) are more likely than White physicians to practice in underserved areas and serve patients who are poor or minorities. Abortion patients are racially diverse. However, we know little about racial and ethnic make-up of abortion providers and the differences in physicians’ interest in providing abortions. OBJECTIVES To examine racial differences in participation in abortion training and intention to provide abortion in post-residency practice. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study of Ryan Program residents after completing a family planning rotation. The Ryan Program supports OBGYN residency programs to incorporate routine abortion care into training. Since 2003 the Ryan Residency Program has administered post-rotation resident surveys, and race/ethnicity was added in 2015. We assessed correlates of intention to provide abortion, specifically comparing minorities with Whites, and whether training participation varied by race. We conducted a modified mediation analysis to assess the role of potential mediators in the relationship between race and intention to provide abortion. RESULTS 777 (79.0%) residents responded from September 2015-August 2018. The proportions were: 64.9% White, 8.5% Black, 4.1% Hispanic/Latino, 18.8% Asian, and 3.8% identified as other. Overall, 56.9% intended to provide abortion for all indications and 82.4% for pregnancy complications. In univariate analysis Asian residents were significantly more likely to intend to provide abortions for all indications compared to White residents (68.4% vs. 56.0%, OR 1.69, CI 1.13-2.53). This difference was not significant when controlling for religiosity and abortion attitudes. Religiosity (OR 0.60, CI 0.47-0.77) and abortion attitude (OR 3.32, CI 2.48-4.44) were significantly correlated with intention to provide abortion for non-medical indications after residency. In modified mediation analysis, the relationship between race and intention to provide was mediated by religiosity for Black residents, and abortion attitude for Asian residents. There was no difference in participation in abortion training by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION Racial differences in intention to provide abortion in post-residency practice are mediated by religiosity and abortion attitude. Better understanding the intricate relationships between race, religiosity, participation in training, and future practice will allow us to improve abortion training while paving the way to support a more diverse abortion provider workforce.
Palenquero and Spanish in Contact: Exploring the interface

Bilingual speakers are normally aware of what language they are speaking or hearing; there is, however, no widely accepted consensus on the degree of lexical and morphosyntactic similarity that defines the psycholinguistic threshold of distinct languages. This book focuses on the Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero, spoken in bilingual contact with its historical lexifier, Spanish. Although sharing largely cognate lexicons, the languages are in general not mutually intelligible. For example, Palenquero exhibits no adjective-noun or verb-subject agreement, uses pre-verbal tense-mood-aspect particles, and exhibits unbounded clause-final negation. The present study represents a first attempt at mapping the psycholinguistic boundaries between Spanish and Palenquero from the speakers’ own perspective, including traditional native Palenquero speakers, adult heritage speakers, and young native Spanish speakers who are acquiring Palenquero as a second language. The latter group also provides insights into the possible cognitive cost of “de-activating” Spanish morphological agreement as well as the relative efficiency of pre-verbal vs. clause-final negation. In this study, corpus-based analyses are combined with an array of interactive experimental techniques, demonstrating that externally-imposed classifications do not always correspond to speakers’ own partitioning of language usage in their communities.
Catch of the Day: Icosapent Ethyl for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk

For decades, omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) have been used for their cardioprotective effects. Although several prescription products are available, icosapent ethyl (IPE) is the lone pure, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-only, O3FA product. Initially approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reduce triglyceride (TG) levels in patients with TG levels ≥500 mg/dL, the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) demonstrated that IPE reduces cardiovascular events in patients with either established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or diabetes plus ≥2 ASCVD risk factors, a TG level between 135 mg/dL and 499 mg/dL, and who were taking a statin. IPE is generally well tolerated, but caution is advised if used in patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapies because of an increased risk of bleeding. Based on the REDUCE-IT trial, the Food and Drug Administration granted IPE an indication for ASCVD risk reduction, making it the first O3FA product to receive such an indication. IPE is a cost-effective approach to reducing residual cardiovascular risk in high risk patients treated with statins.
Sampling Quotient-Ring Sum-of-Squares Programs for Scalable Verification of Nonlinear Systems

This paper presents a novel method, combining new formulations and sampling, to improve the scalability of sum-of-squares (SOS) programming-based system verification. Region-of-attraction approximation problems are considered for polynomial, polynomial with generalized Lur’e uncertainty, and rational trigonometric multi-rigid-body systems. Our method starts by identifying that Lagrange multipliers, traditionally heavily used for S-procedures, are a major culprit of creating bloated SOS programs. In light of this, we exploit inherent system properties—continuity, convexity, and implicit algebraic structure—and reformulate the problems as quotient-ring SOS programs, thereby eliminating all the multipliers. These new programs are smaller, sparser, less constrained, yet less conservative. Their computation is further improved by leveraging a recent result on sampling algebraic varieties. Remarkably, solution correctness is guaranteed with just a finite (in practice, very small) number of samples. Altogether, the proposed method can verify systems well beyond the reach of existing SOS-based approaches (32 states); on smaller problems where a baseline is available, it computes tighter solution 2–3 orders of magnitude faster.
Faithful and Plausible Explanations of Medical Code Predictions.

Machine learning models that offer excellent predictive performance often lack the interpretability necessary to support integrated human machine decision-making. In clinical medicine and other high-risk settings, domain experts may be unwilling to trust model predictions without explanations. Work in explainable AI must balance competing objectives along two different axes: 1) Explanations must balance faithfulness to the model's decision-making with their plausibility to a domain expert. 2) Domain experts desire local explanations of individual predictions and global explanations of behavior in aggregate. We propose to train a proxy model that mimics the behavior of the trained model and provides fine-grained control over these trade-offs. We evaluate our approach on the task of assigning ICD codes to clinical notes to demonstrate that explanations from the proxy model are faithful and replicate the trained model behavior.
Who Is At-Risk? An Examination of the Likelihood and Time Variation in the Predictors of Repeated Police Misconduct:

Increasing transparency and accountability in policing is a top priority for police administrators, community groups, academics, and many others. The internal affairs process is an accountability t...
Envisioning the emotive mind

Karl Deisseroth9s Projections: A Story of Human Emotions is a memoir about his life in psychiatry, the patients he has met, and his efforts as a scientist to solve the mysteries of mental illness. Like many doctors, scientists, and caregivers before him, Deisseroth endeavors to find an emotive language for the psychiatric patients he meets. He accomplishes this by weaving together what he describes as three strands: psychiatric knowledge, technology, and imagination.
Optimization Strategy of WBG Fractional Power Processing

WBG Fractional Power Processing (WFPP) is a design concept that splits the power processing into a low-frequency Si base power processor and a high-frequency WBG fractional power processor. WBG devices are therefore judiciously used to process only a fraction of the total power to achieve both high-efficiency and lower cost than a full-WBG converter design. This paper investigates an optimization strategy to minimize the total power loss while maintaining a reasonable THD and cost for a WFPP-based inverter design with comprehensive power loss analysis and calculation on fundamental and harmonics currents. Optimal selection of power sharing between the Si and WBG inverters and Si switching frequency are discussed in the paper. The circulating current paths in WFPP topology with hybrid switching frequencies are also analyzed and presented in this paper. Experimental results on a down-scaled Si and SiC inverter prototype with non-isolated DC power source are presented to validate the design concept of WFPP.
Gene-environmental research in Indigenous communities: sovereignty, data sharing, and community-relevant research

BACKGROUND AND AIM: American Indians suffer from higher rates of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and disproportionate exposures to metals and/or other hazards. Indigenous p...
The spiral vortex. A story about tornados and bathtubs

In this paper, we show that equiangular spirals (also known as logarithmic spirals) appear naturally in fluids going through sinks. We provide a simple mathematical model that explains the spiral forms in some natural formations. For this model we need only small parts from the theories of complex variables and differential equations. The purpose of this educational paper is to stimulate students for further studies in fluid theory and differential equations.
A continuum Maxwell theory for the thermal conductivity of clustered nanocolloids

Colloidal clusters conduct heat more efficiently compared to fully dispersed particles at the same volume fraction. Here we present a predictive model to calculate the thermal conductivity of clusters by extending Maxwell’s theory to non-spherical particles. We treat clusters as spheres with effective thermal conductivity k c and volume fraction ϕ c . We calculate the conductivity of the cluster from the upper bound of Maxwell’s theory and the conductivity of a dispersion of such clusters from the lower limit of the theory. We find that structure effects can be represented by a single parameter and provide a method to obtain this parameter from numerical simulations. We test the theory against a system of colloidal clusters produced by controlled aggregation of silica spheres 39 nm in diameter and obtain good agreement. The results suggest that the variability of literature data and the unusually high values of thermal conductivity that have been reported in the literature can be explained quantitatively by the presence of clusters.
Monte Carlo simulation calculation of the critical coupling constant for two-dimensional continuum {phi}{sup 4} theory

We perform a Monte Carlo simulation calculation of the critical coupling constant for the continuum two-dimensional ({lambda}/4){phi}{sup 4} theory. The critical coupling constant we obtain is [{lambda}/{mu}{sup 2}]{sub crit}=10.26{sub {minus}.04}{sup +.08}. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure

There is growing evidence that oxidative stress is increased in heart failure, and may contribute to the structural and functional changes leading to disease progression. Our understanding of the role of oxidative stress in myocardial dysfunction remains incomplete. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for increased oxidative stress in heart failure, in vivo evidence suggesting a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of heart failure, and recent in vitro studies that suggest potential mechanisms by which ROS might mediate myocardial remodeling and contractile dysfunction. Collectively, these studies suggest possible genetic and pharmacologic strategies both to approach the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of heart failure as well as to develop novel therapeutics.
Understanding the Complexities of Cirrhosis

Abstract Purpose Cirrhosis and its related complications remain a prominent global health concern despite advances in understanding and treating the disorder. Early diagnosis and intervention strategies may reduce the impact of cirrhosis; however, it can be difficult for initial point-of-care health care providers to identify and refer patients with cirrhosis due to lack of knowledge and resources. This review examines current diagnostic strategies for cirrhosis and cirrhosis-related complications and the potential benefits of multidisciplinary care for patients with the disorder. Methods A PubMed search of the medical literature was conducted to identify current diagnostic methods and standards and ascertain the impact of multidisciplinary care on patients with cirrhosis. Findings Screening of patients at risk for cirrhosis has been recommended by several professional and governmental organizations. Unfortunately, identification of early-stage cirrhosis remains challenging despite development of novel calculations for risk (eg, aspartate transaminase-to-platelet count ratio) that use values from common, noninvasive laboratory tests to determine the extent of liver disease. Abnormal liver function test results and alterations in serum liver enzyme markers (eg, alanine and aspartate transaminases) may suggest cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease; however, they are not definitive. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and staging of cirrhosis, but its cost, invasiveness, and risk of complications have prompted the development of noninvasive tests (eg, elastography). Primary care physicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of cirrhosis-related complications, particularly portal hypertension, and refer patients to specialists for further evaluation when warranted. Implications Patients at risk for cirrhosis should be screened and the underlying etiologic factor(s) of the liver disease treated or appropriately managed when possible. Primary care physicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of cirrhosis and its related complications and adopt a low threshold for referral to a specialist when the condition is suspected. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach to care between specialists and primary care physicians may improve early detection of cirrhosis and its related complications and strengthen management strategies.
Distinct gene signatures in aortic tissue from ApoE -/- mice exposed to pathogens or Western diet

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by inflammation and accumulation of lipids in vascular tissue. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) are associated with inflammatory atherosclerosis in humans. Similar to endogenous mediators arising from excessive dietary lipids, these Gram-negative pathogens are pro-atherogenic in animal models, although the specific inflammatory/atherogenic pathways induced by these stimuli are not well defined. In this study, we identified gene expression profiles that characterize P. gingivalis, C. pneumoniae, and Western diet (WD) at acute and chronic time points in aortas of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) mice. At the chronic time point, we observed that P. gingivalis was associated with a high number of unique differentially expressed genes compared to C. pneumoniae or WD. For the top 500 differentially expressed genes unique to each group, we observed a high percentage (76%) that exhibited decreased expression in P. gingivalis-treated mice in contrast to a high percentage (96%) that exhibited increased expression in WD mice. C. pneumoniae treatment resulted in approximately equal numbers of genes that exhibited increased and decreased expression. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed distinct stimuli-associated phenotypes, including decreased expression of mitochondrion, glucose metabolism, and PPAR pathways in response to P. gingivalis but increased expression of mitochondrion, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and PPAR pathways in response to C. pneumoniae; WD was associated with increased expression of immune and inflammatory pathways. DAVID analysis of gene clusters identified by two-way ANOVA at acute and chronic time points revealed a set of core genes that exhibited altered expression during the natural progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice; these changes were enhanced in P. gingivalis-treated mice but attenuated in C. pneumoniae-treated mice. Notable differences in the expression of genes associated with unstable plaques were also observed among the three pro-atherogenic stimuli. Despite the common outcome of P. gingivalis, C. pneumoniae, and WD on the induction of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, distinct gene signatures and pathways unique to each pro-atherogenic stimulus were identified. Our results suggest that pathogen exposure results in dysregulated cellular responses that may impact plaque progression and regression pathways.