cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of age and diet on biochemical characteristics of the tissues of mice

Weanling male B6D2F1 mice were divided among the following four dietary groups. One group was fed 24% protein ad libitum. Another group was fed 4% protein ad libitum. The third and fourth groups were fed the 24% protein diet ad libitum for twenty-four hours on Monday and Wednesday, and for eight hours on Friday. The third group was sacrificed following a 24 hour feeding period, while the fourth group was sacrificed following a 24 hour fasting period. The animals were sacrificed at approximately 14, 29, and 33 months of age and a variety of enzymes as well as protein and DNA of livers, kidneys, spleens, hearts and brains were determined. Liver was most affected by age and dietary restriction. Dietary restriction reduced age regressions. A linear relationship existed in the various organs between cellular size, estimated by the concentration of DNA, and either cellular protein or most enzymatic activities. Age and dietary restriction resulted in small cells in liver but not the other organs. When cells of the same size were compared, animals fed the low protein diet exhibited hepatic cellular protein and enzymatic activities lower than that of controls whereas those starved during intermittent feeding had values considerably higher. The data suggest two independent mechanisms perhaps associated with protein synthesis, which increase life span and may result in differential effects on age-associated changes.
Reply to Comment on “Optical-fiber-based Mueller optical coherence tomography”

We reply to the comments by Park et al. [Opt. Lett. 29, 2873 (2004)] about our previous Letter [Opt. Lett. 28, 1206 (2003)].
Aboriginal hunting in West Nepal with reference to musk deer Moschus moschiferus moschiferus and snow leopard panthera uncia

Abstract Observations were made on the hunting of musk deer Moschus moschiferus moschiferus, blue sheep Pseudois nayaur and snow leopard Panthera uncia by Bhotia tribesmen during a survey of snow leopard populations in the remote Langu Valley of West Nepal. Exploitation of wildlife provides an important source of income to some villagers following pervasive economic and political changes in the region.
Synthetic-aperture imaging through an aberrating medium: experimental demonstration

A simple technique for high-resolution imaging of distant objects is described and experimentally demonstrated. The technique, referred to as Fourier telescopy, is a variant of Fourier microscopy, which additionally uses phase closure for correction of intervening aberrations. It is an active-illumination technique that is scalable to angular resolutions of 1 nrad and to illuminators of extremely low power. A laboratory experiment demonstrates reconstruction of images of two simple objects with an angular resolution of 83 μrad.
Determinants of prognosis in ventricular tachyarrhythmia patients without induced sustained arrhythmias.

Abstract We studied 59 patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation in whom programmed stimulation induced 15 or fewer repetitive ventricular complexes. During follow-up of 2.2 ± 1.5 years, 13 patients had an arrhythmia recurrence and seven died suddenly. At 1, 2, and 3 years, the actuarial incidence of arrhythmia recurrente was 15 ± 5%, 17 ± 5%, and 23 ± 6%, and that of sudden death was 6 ± 4%, 15 ± 6%, and 21 ± 8%. Prior myocardial infarction (MI) was the only independent predictor of arrhythmia recurrence ( p p = 0.05): at 2 years, 36 ± 12% of 18 patients with MI and 8 ± 4% of 41 patients without MI had arrhythmia recurrence, and 24 ± 12% with MI and 3 ± 3% without MI died suddenly. None of the nine patients with ≥ 70% coronary stenosis but no MI had arrhythmia recurrence after anti-ischemic therapy. Possible arrhythmia-precipitating conditions were present during all arrhythmias in 14 patients, but did not predict freedom from arrhythmia recurrence ( p = 0.52) or sudden death ( p = 0.81). The maximum number of induced ventricular complexes did not predict arrhythmia recurrence or sudden death: for patients with 0 to 2, 3 to 5, and 6 to 15 induced complexes, the 2-year incidence of arrhythmia recurrence was 16 ± 7%, 15 ± 10%, and 18 ± 10%; for sudden death, it was 9 ± 6%, 0 ± 0%, and 14 ± 9%. In this group of patients, prior MI predicted arrhythmia recurrence and sudden death. The risk of arrhythmia recurrence did not correlate significantly with possible arrhythmia-precipitating conditions or the duration of induced nonsustained VT up to 15 complexes.
Regulation of MHC class 11 gene transcription

The transcriptional regulation of MHC class II genes involves the interaction of DNA-binding proteins with specific DNA sequences. The cis elements of the promoter region have now been well delineated functionally, while the proteins that interact with these elements are just beginning to be identified and their functional importance assessed.
Mechanical stress-activated integrin α5β1 induces opening of connexin 43 hemichannels

The connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannel (HC) in the mechanosensory osteocytes is a major portal for the release of factors responsible for the anabolic effects of mechanical loading on bone formation and remodeling. However, little is known about how the Cx43 molecule responds to mechanical stimulation leading to the opening of the HC. Here, we demonstrate that integrin α5β1 interacts directly with Cx43 and that this interaction is required for mechanical stimulation-induced opening of the Cx43 HC. Direct mechanical perturbation via magnetic beads or conformational activation of integrin α5β1 leads to the opening of the Cx43 HC, and this role of the integrin is independent of its association with an extracellular fibronectin substrate. PI3K signaling is responsible for the shear stress-induced conformational activation of integrin α5β1 leading to the opening of the HC. These results identify an unconventional function of integrin that acts as a mechanical tether to induce opening of the HC and provide a mechanism connecting the effect of mechanical forces directly to anabolic function of the bone.
Teaching and Learning in the Social Context: A Meta-Analysis of Service Learning's Effects on Academic, Personal, Social, and Citizenship Outcomes

Service learning places teaching and learning in a social context, facilitating socially responsive knowledge. The purposes of this meta-analysis were to summarize evidence on (a) extent and types of change in participants in service learning programs, (b) specific program elements (moderators) that affect the amount of change in participants, and (c) generalizability of results across educational levels and curricular versus noncurricular service. We included 103 samples and found positive changes for all types of outcomes. Changes were moderate for academic outcomes, small for personal outcomes and citizenship outcomes, and in between for social outcomes. Programs with structured reflection showed larger changes and effects generalized across educational levels. We call for psychologists to increase their use of service learning, and we discuss resources for doing so.
Chronoamperometry at an ensemble of microdisk electrodes

Abstract The time-dependence of the current at an ensemble of microelectrodes is calculated using the hopscotch algorithm for a range of fractional coverages. An analytical expression for the current is presented that is accurate to better than 2% for all times and for all fractional coverages and should be useful for the analysis of experimental results.
Approximate solutions of the Liouville equation. III. Variational principles and projection operators

Aspects of stationary variational principles for the Laplace-transformed Liouville equation are discussed. Projection techniques are used to derive new stationary principles applicable to the space orthogonal to the space spanned by functions occurring in the conservation laws. As a result, any trial function automatically leads to results satisfying the conservation laws. The procedure is also applied to the parity-even and parity-odd distributions which obey equations governed by the square of the Liouville operator. The technique is extended to eliminate the one-body additive contribution to the solution exactly. Finally, the ideas of the moment method, which leads to the continued-fraction representation of autocorrelation functions, are applied to variational principles. We find continued-fraction variational principles such that a zero trial function yields the usual representation. However, a trial function representing noninteracting particles contains the results of the moment method and in addition yields the exact analytic behavior for free particles.
Muscarinic Receptors in Chromaffin Cell Cultures Mediate Enhanced Phospholipid Labeling but Not Catecholamine Secretion

The addition of either carbachol or muscarinic agonists to cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells results in a selective stimulation of phosphatidate (PhA) and phosphatidylinositol (PhI) labeling from 32Pi and [3H]glycerol that can be inhibited by the inclusion of atropine, but not d-tubocurarine. In contrast, increased catecholamine secretion is observed on the addition of carbachol or nicotinic agonists and is inhibited by d-tubocurarine but not by atropine. Added calcium is essential for catecholamine secretion but not for stimulated phospholipid labeling. Chelation of endogenous Ca2+ with EGTA does, however, inhibit the stimulated phospholipid labeling. These results suggest that stimulated phospholipid labeling in the bovine chromaffin cell and catecholamine secretion are separate and distinct processes.
A principal component feedforward algorithm for active noise control: flight test results

An in-flight evaluation of a principal component algorithm for feedforward active noise control is discussed. Cabin noise at the first three harmonics of the blade passage frequency (103 Hz) of a Raytheon-Beech 1900D twin turboprop aircraft was controlled using 21 pairs of inertial force actuators bolted to the ring frames of the aircraft; 32 microphones provided error feedback inside the aircraft cabin. In a single frequency noise control test, the blade passage frequency was reduced by 15 dB averaged across the microphone array. When controlling the first three harmonics simultaneously, reductions of 11 dB at 103 Hz, 1.5 dB at 206 Hz, and 2.8 dB at 309 Hz were obtained. For single frequency feedforward control problems, the principal component algorithm is shown to be useful for reducing the computational burden and simplifying the implementation of control effort penalties in high channel count control systems. Good agreement was found between the in-flight behavior of the controller and the predicted optimal control solution.
Cadmium ion soaking treatment for solution processed CuInSxSe2−x solar cells and its effect on defect properties

Abstract Recombination of charge carriers due to electronically active material defects is one of the major factors limiting power conversion efficiency in solar cells. We have studied the defect behavior in CuInS x Se 2− x solar cells fabricated through a solution process with a maximum heating temperature of 390 °C. By introducing a cadmium ion soaking step into the fabrication process, we find that the recombination rate can be reduced. Through the use of capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) profiling, drive level capacitance profiling (DLCP) and admittance spectroscopy analysis, the cadmium ion soaking process was found to increase the charge carrier concentration in the bulk of the absorber, and shift the energy level of the N1 defect toward the valence band edge. The soaking process was found to most obviously affect the open circuit voltage with an average improvement of 33 mV.
Purinergic Control of Hippocampal Circuit Hyperexcitability in Dravet Syndrome.

Summary Objective Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) or Dravet syndrome is one of the most devastating childhood epilepsies. Children with SMEI have febrile and afebrile seizures (FS and aFS), ataxia, and social and cognitive dysfunctions. SMEI is pharmacologically intractable and can be fatal in 10–20% of patients. It remains to be elucidated how channelopathies that cause SMEI impact synaptic activities in key neural circuits, and there is an ongoing critical need for alternative methods of controlling seizures in SMEI. Using the SCN1A gene knock-in mouse model of SMEI (mSMEI), we studied hippocampal cell and circuit excitability, particularly during hyperthermia, and tested whether an adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) agonist can reliably control hippocampal circuit hyperexcitability. Methods Using a combination of electrophysiology (extracellular and whole-cell voltage clamp) and fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI), we quantified synaptic excitation and inhibition, spatiotemporal characteristics of neural circuit activity, and hyperthermia-induced febrile seizure-like events (FSLEs) in juvenile mouse hippocampal slices. We used hyperthermia to elicit FSLEs in hippocampal slices, while making use of adenosine A1R agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) to control abnormally widespread neural activity and FSLEs. Results We discovered a significant excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance in mSMEI hippocampi, in which inhibition was decreased and excitation increased. This imbalance was associated with an increased spatial extent of evoked neural circuit activation and a lowered FSLE threshold. We found that a low concentration (50 nm) of CPA blocked FSLEs and reduced the spatial extent of abnormal neural activity spread while preserving basal levels of excitatory synaptic transmission. Significance Our study reveals significant hippocampal synapse and circuit dysfunctions in mSMEI and demonstrates that the A1R agonist CPA can reliably control hippocampal hyperexcitability and FSLEs in vitro. These findings may warrant further investigations of purinergic agonists as part of the development of new therapeutic approaches for Dravet syndrome.
Simulations of scanned focused ultrasound hyperthermia. the effects of scanning speed and pattern on the temperature fluctuations at the focal depth

A transient three-dimensional simulation program has been developed to investigate the effects of scanning speed, scanning pattern, blood perfusion, and transducer choice on the temperature fluctuations that occur during scanned focused ultrasound hyperthermia treatments. The model uses the bioheat transfer equation with uniform tissue properties to solve for the temperature field. The results show that the largest temperature fluctuations are always located on the scanning path in the acoustical focal plane and that the temperature fluctuation pattern and magnitudes are essentially the same, regardless of the focal depth. The results also show that the magnitude of these temperature fluctuations increases linearly with increasing scan times (decreasing scanning speeds) and increases as a weak exponential with the magnitude of the blood perfusion rate. Moreover, the smaller the diameter of the focus of the power field, the larger the temperature fluctuations. To avoid temperature fluctuations inside the scanned volume, scan time of 10 s of less were needed when single 2-cm-diameter circular scans were simulated at practical blood flow values. The general trends predicted by the simulations agree with the trends present in previously reported experiments, indicating that the simulations could be an important tool in patient treatment planning and temperature field approximations. >
Dimensionality Analysis as a Computerized Tool for Strategic Planning in Policing and Security

Multidimensional scaling is a useful addition to the toolkit of the crime or security analysts, made possible by the advent of desktop computing power. Three uses of this graphical statistical tool are as follows: (a) forming policy initiatives and making resource allocations; (b) analyzing terrorism threats and dynamics; and (c) performing structural analysis of performance data. Dimensionality analysis is compared with more commonly encountered techniques such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, and correspondence analysis, and their relative merits discussed. Data used to illustrate dimensionality analysis are drawn from the crime statistics on US cities, terrorism incidents in Israel, and performance indicators for American police departments, but the methods presented are broadly applicable to a wide variety of policing and security issues and the same principles apply to other forms of data.
Interleukin-13 Signaling and Its Role in Asthma

Asthma affects nearly 300 million people worldwide. The majority respond to inhaled corticosteroid treatment with or without beta-adrenergic agonists. However, a subset of 5 to 10% with severe asthma do not respond optimally to these medications. Different phenotypes of asthma may explain why current therapies show limited benefits in subgroups of patients. Interleukin-13 is implicated as a central regulator in IgE synthesis, mucus hypersecretion, airway hyperresponsiveness, and fibrosis. Promising research suggests that the interleukin-13 pathway may be an important target in the treatment of the different asthma phenotypes.
Grid expansion planning for carbon emissions reduction

In recent years the grid expansion planning problem has become increasingly complex and challenging. The integration of renewable generation is a source of many of these challenges. These challenges often include a deficiency in transmission capacity in regions with high potential for renewable energy production. Historically, this lack of capacity has had adverse effects such as negative price market conditions or the curtailing of other green generation sources. This paper considers a combined generation and transmission expansion model to avoid the curtailment of existing green generation sources, in other words maximize the realized carbon reduction of adding renewable generation. Recent work on Randomized Constructive Heuristics (RCH) has shown this approach to be quite effective in addressing the Transmission Network Expansion Planning (TNEP) problem. In this paper, we propose a generalization of RCH to handle simultaneous carbon reduction and expansion cost objectives as well as multi-scenario planning.
Postponed Marriage Exploring Women's Views of Matrimony and Work in Japan

Sociologists have argued that marriage today is based on individual desires, democratic contracts, and self-development. However, feminist scholars have criticized such a view of modern marriage, arguing that it obscures persistent inequality and social restrictions in marriage. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 26 highly educated Japanese women, this article argues that persistent gender inequalities shape women's decisions to postpone marriage in Japan. The article analyzes the emotional ambivalence and contradictions in women's decisions to postpone marriage. The women discussed here have intentionally or unintentionally distanced themselves from (1) marriage in general, which they view as inhibiting autonomy, (2) marriage with a sexist man, (3) marriage with a man who has rejected them, and (4) marriage with a man who has less income and/or education than they do.
The cells and mediators of allergic inflammation

Summary In sensitized atopic subjects allergen administration results in an immediate-type reaction and, depending on the dose of the allergen, an additional late-phase reaction. The early reaction results largely from the release of histamine, leukotrienes and other mediators from mast cells. The cutaneous late-phase reaction is probably also predominantly mast-cell-dependent. The late asthmatic reaction, however, also involves T-cell activation. T cells release a cascade of factors which evoke the migration of many cell types, including eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages into the site of inflammation, under the influence of a complex combination of cytokines and chemokines. Neural inflammation (i.e. neuropeptides and neurotrophins) may also be involved. The identification of the processes underlying the inflammatory response to allergens, and their control mechanisms, provides specific targets for therapeutic measures (such as the use of monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptor molecules) which are designed to impede or abolish the allergic inflammatory cascade.
On the monopoly: Speculation, pharmaceutical markets, and intellectual property law in Nigeria

The drug patent monopoly has been described as a key deterrent to Africans’ access to brand-name, life-saving drugs. Research in Nigeria, however, shows that another factor restricts access in that country: Brand-name pharmaceutical companies’ pricing and marketing strategies keep patented drugs off the market. In this article, I retheorize the question of monopoly in the pharmaceuticals industry. I first track the historical precedents of this particular iteration of the drug monopoly. I then situate the monopoly in the context of ethnographic research I conducted on pharmaceutical markets and drug marketing (2005–10) as well as on Nigeria's compliance struggles with the WTO's Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPs) Agreement (1999–2003). TRIPs enforces patent holders’ rights and mandates intellectual property harmonization across nation-states. In analyzing these two ethnographic sites together, I argue that rather than its purported short-term legal existence, the current drug monopoly operates as though it has an indefinite life.
LIBRE Model: Engagement Styles in Counseling.

Engagement is essential for the processing of information. It is presented here as 2 points along a continuum: initial attention (primary self-presentation) and sustained attention (continued self-regulation). The LIBRE (Listen, Identify, Brainstorm, Reality Test, Encourage) Stick Figure Tool (N. S. Guerra, 2003) provides a graphic organizer for LIBRE problem solving and is instrumental in the assessment of both initial and sustained engagement tendencies. A vignette is presented to illustrate the application of the model. Implications for the model are then discussed in relation to client engagement style in an employment counseling setting.
stories from home: first nations, land claims, and Euro‐Canadians

This article discusses the opposition of Euro-Canadian fishers to First Nations' land claims in British Columbia, Canada. The author draws upon his personal experience growing up in a fishing family from northern British Columbia to draw out the complexities of this conflict The object of the article is not to convince the reader of the rightness or wrongness of Euro-Canadian opposition to First Nations' land claims but rather to create a space in which their fear of and their reactions to land claims can be better understood. [Euro-Canadians, First Nations, Aboriginal rights, fishing, British Columbia, ethnic conflict]
Making Progress through Molecular Attacks on Cancer

The success of kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has validated the long-held thesis in the cancer research community that a precise molecular understanding of cancer can directly affect cancer therapy. Now that several years have passed since the approval of imatinib/Gleevec for CML treatment, we have a greater appreciation for the challenges involved in effectively deploying these agents in the clinic. In this paper, I review recent events in the treatment of CML and highlight early applications of kinase inhibitor therapy to other diseases such as glioblastoma. I conclude with a vision that it may be possible, through analysis of tumor proteins secreted into serum, to track distinct molecular features of various cancers in order to select appropriate molecularly targeted therapy and measure treatment response. This new science of cancer biomarkers could radically transform the conduct of clinical trials and speed the evaluation of new molecularly targeted agents.
Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by roots affects whole-stand evapotranspiration and net ecosystem carbon exchange.

Summary • Hydraulic redistribution (HR) of water via roots from moist to drier portions of the soil occurs in many ecosystems, potentially influencing both water use and carbon assimilation. • By measuring soil water content, sap flow and eddy covariance, we investigated the temporal variability of HR in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation during months of normal and below-normal precipitation, and examined its effects on tree transpiration, ecosystem water use and carbon exchange. • The occurrence of HR was explained by courses of reverse flow through roots. As the drought progressed, HR maintained soil moisture above 0.15 cm 3 cm )3 and increased transpiration by 30–50%. HR accounted for 15–25% of measured total site water depletion seasonally, peaking at 1.05 mm d )1 . The understory species depended on water redistributed by the deep-rooted overstory pine trees for their early summer water supply. Modeling carbon flux showed that in the absence of HR, gross ecosystem productivity and net ecosystem exchange could be reduced by 750 and 400 g C m )2 yr )1 , respectively.
The Five I’s of Five-O: Racial Ideologies, Institutions, Interests, Identities, and Interactions of Police Violence:

The relationship between police violence and race is one fraught with both specific historical and contemporary tensions (i.e., white police profiling, beating, and murder of people of color) and w...
The efficacy of SNOMED, Read Codes, and UMLS in coding ambulatory family practice clinical records.

This study was initially developed as a traditional quantitative study to determine the level of match of identified clinical terms in three (3) clinical vocabularies. To address concerns raised by a review of the literature and our own experience, a supplemental study to collect qualitative data was added. Dictated progress notes from a stratified sample of patient visits over a period of four (4) years were used to obtain a representative sample of terms. A total of 144 progress notes were selected taking into consideration the usual demographics plus additional variables. From the 144 clinical notes, 864 terms were extracted and evaluated by level of match. The within-term effect was highly significant (F = 58.69, p < or = .001), indicating significant differences in the mean level of match for the three coding systems. Qualitative findings suggest that this and other published studies may not answer questions about the "efficacy of available clinical vocabularies in coding ambulatory family practice clinical records", and additional studies are needed which must be carefully structured and utilize a standardized procedure.
Incipient Genome Differentiation in Gossypium. I. Chromosomes 14, 15, 16, 19 and 20 Assessed in G. HIRSUTUM, G. RAIMONDII and G. LOBATUM by Means of Seven a-D Translocations.

ABSTRACT The genus Gossypium is favorable for study of genome divergence at several levels. Early stages of divergence have been studied among four D genomes by comparing chiasma frequencies (reciprocal exchanges) between pairs of genomes and between individual counterpart chromosomes marked by heterozygous translocations. D 5 ( G. raimondii ) shows barely detectable differentiation from from D h ( G. hirsutum ), whereas D 7 ( G. lobatum ) is considerably less closely related to D h than is D 5 . Fragmentary data suggest that D 2-2 ( G. harknessii ) falls between D 5 and D 7 in its relationship to D h . Since chiasma frequencies in individual chromosomes and marked regions exhibit the same order of relationships as their corresponding whole genomes, it is concluded that the genome differentiation is generalized ( i.e. , nucleus-wide) rather than localized in specific chromosomes or chromosome regions. Estimates of relationships based on reciprocal exchange frequencies agree with those based upon preferential synapsis in allohexaploids reported previously. Since preferential synapsis and reciprocal exchange frequencies reveal the same order of relationships, it is concluded that to some extent they reflect common underlying changes in chromosome properties, despite recent evidence that synapsis and crossing over are under independent genetic control.
DGO-1: A metal coating/surface treatment resistant to cathodic delamination

Finding coatings/surface treatments that are resistant to cathodic delamination is not an easy task. Both the materials used and the inter-material bonds must be able to survive exposure to a very high pH (13–14) environment. During the last two years, the U.S. Navy has been testing non-conductive ceramic (NCC) coatings and a proprietary polymeric coating made by Teledyne/D.G. O'Brien called “DGO-1” for resistance to cathodic delamination. These experiments utilized an elevated temperature accelerated life test (ALT) in which solid, cylindrical monel 400 alloy samples were placed in a 66°C salt solution (3.5% sodium chloride) with zinc sacrificial anodes attached to simulate cable connectors subjected to an environment conducive to cathodic delamination. The DGO-1 coated samples were overmolded with PR-420 primer and PR-1547 polyurethane (PRC-DeSoto). The Arrhenius time-temperature correlation for this ALT was based upon the rate of cathodic delamination observed on bare metal monel 400 flat coupon samples made with the same primer and polyurethane encapsulant. One equivalent year (EY) of exposure was calculated to be 31.2 days in the ALT tank. Circumferential peel test data from the DGO-1 coated samples indicate that cable connectors of similar dimensions could be expected to last for 18 EYs under environmental conditions that promote cathodic delamination. DGO-1 coated samples lasted much longer than bare-metal samples made with PR-420 primer and PR-1547 polyurethane, and they also survived significantly longer than monel 400 samples with NCC coatings and standard seal coats overmolded with the same primer and polyurethane encapsulant.
Mediators of an Internet-based psychosocial intervention for women with breast cancer.

Objective Many interventions have been designed to promote psychological adjustment in cancer survivors; however, notably few studies have specified the mediating processes through which these interventions work. The primary aim of this research is to examine theoretically and empirically grounded mediators of an Internet-based psychosocial intervention for women with breast cancer. Method Women (N = 88) diagnosed with breast cancer were randomly assigned to participate in a 3-hr workshop for creation of personal websites or a waitlist control. Mediating variables and dependent variables were assessed at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months following workshop participation. Indirect effects were tested using single and multiple mediator models. Results Relative to control participants, women randomized to Project Connect Online (PCO) evidenced statistically significant benefit 6 months after the workshop on depressive symptoms, positive mood, and life appreciation, as well as on hypothesized mediators (i.e., coping self-confidence, loneliness, social support from friends, but not emotional processing and expression). Change over 6 months in coping self-confidence, loneliness, and social support from friends mediated the relationship between the intervention and improvement in depressive symptoms. Coping self-confidence mediated the relationship between PCO and enhanced positive mood, and social support from friends mediated the relationship between PCO and increased life appreciation. Conclusions Findings indicate how PCO promoted adaptive change and highlighted modifiable factors, including coping self-confidence, loneliness, and social support from friends, which contributed to positive adjustment to breast cancer. Additional potential mediators and ways in which the intervention can be enhanced are addressed.
Comparison of the GaAs Layers Grown on Porous Si and on Si by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

GaAs layers have been successfully grown on tilted (100) Si as well as porous Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE). Rapid thermal annealing and vacuum thermal annealing have been used to further improve the quality of the epitaxial layers. We observed that the dislocation density near the interface of the heterostructure is higher for GaAs on Si substrate. Both annealing processes are proven to be useful in improving layer quality, while the vacuum thermal annealing seemed to be more effective in minimizing the residual stress.
Glycogen and Succinic Dehydrogenase in Wound Healing of the Oral Mucosa of the Rat

SummaryMorphological healing in the oral mucosa as indicated by hematoxylin and eosin preparations precedes histochemical healing. Epithelial proliferation in wound healing appears to be associated with the disappearance of glycogen. Lack of epithelial growth appears to be manifested by an accumulation of glycogen. The metabolism of the epithelial basal cells as indicated by the presence of succinic dehydrogenase appears to be related to epithelial and connective tissue continuity. Its presence in the basal cells of the epithelium confirms that metabolic activity is highest where there is no visible glycogen. Injury to the epithelium of the mucous membrane causes glycogen accumulation similar to that in skin. Succinic dehydrogenase is distributed in the mucous membrane of the anterior palate of the rat much as it is in the skin.
Analysis and Treatment of a 500kV Hybrid Gas Insulated Switchgear Accident

An accident of a 500 kV hybrid gas insulated switchgear(HGIS) in a 500 kV substation is analyzed.Disassembly inspection of the HGIS reveals that the basin insulator for VT chamber has been burnt into pieces due to discharge, and the poor quality of the basin insulator caused this accident. Subsequently, this malfunctioned equipment is replaced, and chemical and electrical tests are conducted for the basin insulators in same batch. In addition, some countermeasures are suggested.
Analysis of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance site of Hubei province in 2011

Objective To evaluate the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance sites of Hubei province in 2011,in order to provide the scientific basis for designing the prevention and control program.Methods According to the national surveillance protocol,the surveys of residents,livestock and Oncomelania snails were implemented in the 16 national surveillance sites.Data were analyzed by SPSS19.0.Results The infection rate of resident and cattle was 0.40% and 0.81%,respectively.Snail density was 0.186 5 / 0.11 m2.The density of positive snail was 0.000 04 / 0.11 m2and snail infection rate was 0.022%.Conclusion The infection rate of resident and cattle was declining in the 16 national surveillance sites.As the snail cannot be totally eliminated,the control of infectious sources should be strengthened.
Mechanism Study on the Mitigation of SSR with SVC

The core issue of depressing subsynchronous resonance(SSR) with static var compensator(SVC) is to make its current output contain components of complementary frequencies to torsional modes of the turbine-generator shaft.For this purpose,the control principle and mathematical model of subsynchronous modulation of fundamental admittance for SVC are proposed.Theoretical analysis shows that by subsynchronously modulating the reference value of SVC's fundamental admittance with appropriate amplitude and phase,the generated current components of the complementary frequencies can be controlled to generate damping torque and realize the SSR-damping objective.The proposed control scheme meanwhile results in supersynchronous as well as other fractional harmonic currents.Both nonlinear electromagnetic simulations with the detailed power-electronic circuit and field tests on the actual SVC equipment validate the proposed control scheme and mathematical model.The subsynchronous damping control system is further applied to a practical system threatened by SSR,i.e.,the Jinjie series-compensated transmission project.Extensive digital simulations have demonstrated its effectiveness in mitigating multi-modal SSR.
Teflon-Coated Gauze: Does It Affect Retrieval of Endometrial Specimens?

Endometrial biopsy and curettage are commonly performed diagnostic procedures to assess uterine pathology. Adequate endometrial specimen collection is important to formulate an accurate diagnosis. Review of literature shows that 2%-60% of endometrial samples may be nondiagnostic due to insufficient specimen. Multiple factors may determine the adequacy of the specimen including age, uterine pathology, clinical expertise, grossing, and processing technique. Teflon-coated …
Managing anti-China nationalism in Vietnam: evidence from the media during the 2014 oil rig crisis

ABSTRACTWhen confronted with an external provocation, do governments with control over the domestic media environment respond with hawkish propaganda to stir up nationalist sentiments? Vietnam's propaganda strategy during the 2014 Haiyang Shiyou 981 oil rig crisis with China is used as a case to answer this question. Based on an analysis of 570 Vietnamese newspaper articles, I argue that Vietnam managed to adopt a middle approach that included tough rhetoric to criticize Chinese actions, but also avoided overplaying the nationalist card. Instead of openly intensifying anti-China sentiments, the government tried to channel popular anger and animosity into a more positive form of pro-government nationalism. The media highlighted the need for national unity, encouragement for maritime enforcement officers, relief for affected fishermen, and above all, confidence in the government's ability to resolve the situation. Contentious historical issues between China and Vietnam were downplayed in the process. This f...
Mobile phone imaging and cloud-based analysis for standardized malaria detection and reporting

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been widely deployed in low-resource settings. These tests are typically read by visual inspection and accurate record keeping and data aggregation remains a substantial challenge. A successful malaria elimination campaign will require new strategies that maximize the sensitivity of RDTs, reduce user error and integrate results reporting tools. In this report, an unmodified mobile phone was used to photograph RDTs, which were subsequently uploaded into a globally accessible database, REDCap and then analyzed three ways: with an automated image processing program, visual inspection and a commercial lateral flow reader. The mobile phone image processing detected 20.6 malaria parasites/microliter of blood, compared to the commercial lateral flow reader which detected 64.4 parasites/microliter. Experienced observers visually identified positive malaria cases at 12.5 parasites/microliter, but encountered reporting errors and false negatives. Visual interpretation by inexperienced users resulted in only an 80.2% true negative rate, with substantial disagreement in the lower parasitemia range. We have demonstrated that combining a globally accessible database, such as REDCap, with mobile phone based imaging of RDTs provides objective, secure, automated, data collection and result reporting. This simple combination of existing technologies would appear to be an attractive tool for malaria elimination campaigns.
Statins and Reduced Risk of Liver Cancer: Evidence for Confounding.

A negative association of statin use with liver cancer risk has been reported frequently. We added laboratory measurements, to our knowledge not included in previous investigations, to a case-control analysis of 2877 case patients and 142 850 matched control subjects enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Addressing confounding by indication by restricting subjects to those with elevated cholesterol greatly attenuated the negative association; eg, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) rose from 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35 to 0.49) to 0.87 (95% CI = 0.55 to 1.39) for receipt of 18 or more prescriptions. Confounding by contraindication was addressed by controlling for degree of abnormality of liver function tests, alanine or aspartate transaminase, measured within one year of the elevated cholesterol and strongly related to risk. The negative association of statins disappeared for all numbers of prescriptions received, with an odds ratio of 1.21 (95% CI = 0.53 to 2.75) for 18 or more prescriptions. Findings cast doubt on the causality of the frequently observed preventive association.
World class supply chain management : où en sont les entreprises françaises ?

L’Institut Superieur de Logistique Industrielle a souhaite mesurer le degre de connaissance et d’application des concepts de Supply Chain Management (Management de la Chaine Logistique) dans les entreprises francaises en s’appuyant sur les travaux realises aux Etats-Unis par le groupe de recherche en logistique de Michigan State University.
How Do the Places We Live In Impact Our Health?: Challenges for, and Insights from, Communication Research

Since the 1990s, there has been a resurgence of research on how the places we live in impact our health. I review this interdisciplinary body of work to identify the main factors that explain how residential communities influence individuals’ health. In doing so, I highlight unanswered questions which communication research can help address. After surveying communication research that addresses the larger issue of how the places in which we live influence our health, I articulate an integrative, multilevel, communication-centered theoretical framework to guide future work on neighborhood effects on health. Central to this framework is the notion that communication is an elementary social process through which neighborhood life is organized and transformed.
Examples of Cultural Patterns Observable in the Evolution of Mathematics

This chapter presents some examples, in the fields of mathematics and science, of cultural patterns characteristic of their evolution. The regularities exhibited as well as the dominance displayed by such established patterns of behavior, afford convincing evidence of the workings of a cultural system that can hardly be explained by appeal to chance. The chapter discusses a problem in which the notion of culture appears to contain the solution, but in which it is vaguely determinate how the culture operates. Narrowly related to the occurrence of multiples is the ”clustering of genius,” which is a phenomenon characterized by sudden outbursts of creative activity, participated in by several researchers whose accomplishments are so remarkable as to warrant applying to them the label “genius.” An explanation of the phenomenon is that genetic accidents have contributed to simultaneous births of potentially “great men,” who subsequently created the phenomenon because of their great powers of intellect. It has been the case in mathematics that the discovery of paradox or contradiction has resulted in the invention of new theories to remedy the situation.
Ethnoprimatology and Conservation: Applying Insights and Developing Practice

Today, in the Anthropocene, humans are changing global and local ecologies as fast as, or faster than, we can study them (eg. Rose 2009, Palmer et al. 2004). For primates this has a dire impact; nearly half of all primate taxa are under serious threat of population reduction/fragmentation, substantive landscape/ecology alteration and for many even extinction. In the practice of primatology this fact is at the forefront of any project and every analysis. It has become a necessity to employ a revised primatological practice, one that places humans and other primates in integrated and shared ecological and social spaces. This approach is epitomized by the current practice of ethnoprimatology. In ethnoprimatology the “ethno” prefix represents the inclusion of anthropogenic aspects, including the social, economic, and political histories and contexts as core components in the ecologies, and lives, of other primates (Sponsel 1997; Fuentes 2012; Malone et al. 2014). It is at the interface of human and other primate lives that much of the challenge to primatology exists, and at that boundary conservation, sustainability and management come to the forefront (Fuentes 2012; Fuentes & Hockings 2010; Fuentes & Wolfe 2002; Riley 2007). Ethnoprimatological approaches “affirm the role of humans as primates, of other primates as co-participants in shaping social and ecological space, recognizing mutual roles in both ecological and cultural interconnections” (Fuentes 2012: 102). Here we draw on a range of recent work in ethnoprimatology and allied areas to demonstrate how such approaches create a fruitful venue for integrating primatological inquiry and conservation and management practice via assessing the mutual ecologies, evolutionary histories, and social lives at the interface of humans and other primates (e.g., Fuentes & Wolfe 2002; Paterson & Wallis 2005; Fuentes & Hockings 2010; Riley et al. 2011; Malone et al. 2014).
Metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene in vitro by hepatic cytochrome P450 contrasts with detoxification in vivo: experiments with hepatic cytochrome P450 reductase null mice

B18 Hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play a pivotal role in the metabolism of many drugs and carcinogens. Much of the work carried out on the role of hepatic CYPs in xenobiotic metabolism has been done in vitro. However, additional factors such as route of administration, absorption, renal clearance and extra-hepatic CYP expression, make it difficult to extrapolate from in-vitro data to in-vivo pharmacokinetics. Moreover, functional redundancy inevitably found in the large CYP family of isoenzymes make it difficult to determine the role of CYPs in metabolism as a whole. To overcome these limitations a mouse line, HRN (Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Reductase Null), has been developed in which cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), the unique electron donor to CYPs is deleted specifically in the liver, resulting in the loss of essentially all hepatic P450 function. CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 activate many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). As a result, it is widely accepted that CYP1 potentiates BaP genotoxicity. We used the HRN model to evaluate the role of hepatic versus extrahepatic metabolism and disposition of BaP. HRN and wild-type (WT) mice were treated with 125 mg/kg body weight (bw) BaP once daily for up to five days by intraperitoneal injection. DNA adduct levels measured by 32P-postlabelling at day 1 and 5 were up to 13-fold higher in livers of HRN than in WT mice. On day 1 sequential blood samples were obtained and analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection for BaP clearance. Pharmacokinetic analysis of BaP in blood revealed no difference in e.g. clearance, terminal half-life, and AUC in HRN relative to WT mice. When hepatic microsomal fractions from HRN and WT mice were incubated with BaP, DNA adduct formation was 7-fold higher in WT than in HRN fractions. Most of the hepatic microsomal activation of BaP in vitro was attributable to CYP1A enzyme activity. These data reveal an apparent paradox, whereby CYP enzyme activity appears to be more important for detoxification of BaP in vivo, despite being essential for its metabolic activation in vitro.
Recommendations for Providers on Person-Centered Approaches to Assess and Improve Medication Adherence

Medication non-adherence is a significant clinical challenge that adversely affects psychosocial factors, costs, and outcomes that are shared by patients, family members, providers, healthcare systems, payers, and society. Patient-centered care (i.e., involving patients and their families in planning their health care) is increasingly emphasized as a promising approach for improving medication adherence, but clinician education around what this might look like in a busy primary care environment is lacking. We use a case study to demonstrate key skills such as motivational interviewing, counseling, and shared decision-making for clinicians interested in providing patient-centered care in efforts to improve medication adherence. Such patient-centered approaches hold considerable promise for addressing the high rates of non-adherence to medications for chronic conditions.