cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Storm Life Cycle on Satellite Rainfall Estimation Error

Abstract The study uses storm tracking information to evaluate error statistics of satellite rain estimation at different maturity stages of storm life cycles. Two satellite rain retrieval products are used for this purpose: (i) NASA’s Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis–Real Time product available at 25-km/hourly resolution (3B41-RT) and (ii) the University of California (Irvine) Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) product available at 4-km–hourly resolution. Both algorithms use geostationary satellite infrared (IR) observations calibrated to an array of passive microwave (PM) earth-orbiting satellite sensor rain retrievals. The techniques differ in terms of algorithmic structure and in the way they use the PM rainfall to calibrate the IR rain algorithms. The satellite retrievals are evaluated against rain gauge–calibrated radar rainfall estimates over the continental United States. Error statistics of hourly rain volumes are determined ...
Invasibility as an emergent property of native metapopulation structure

Biological invasions constitute major threats to global biodiversity. Eco-evolutionary considerations highlight the importance of contemporary evolution in community responses to bioinvasions. However, effects of metapopulation structure on invasion success have been mostly overlooked even though metapopulation structure determines gene flow and is likely to affect evolutionary processes. Here, we investigate a stepping-stone model with evolving alien native interaction strengths. We demonstrate analytically that the site of invasion can determine the success of an invading consumer because gene flow and demography of a local resource species interact to obstruct local resource adaptation. Our main results are 1) that invasion success is more likely in genetic sink populations of the native species and 2) that invasion is more likely to occur against the migrational flow of native species. These findings suggest that invasibility is best regarded as an emergent property not only of communities but of entire metapopulations. Since migration networks of aliens and natives are often mismatched due to anthropogenic interference, our results indicate how population structure eases the spread of invasives against the migrational flow of natives.
Harmonic generation in octave bandwidth traveling-wave tubes

This paper describes the investigation of harmonic generation in traveling-wave tubes (TWT's) via large-signal analysis and digital computer techniques. Efficiency degradation and harmonic power content are shown to be importantly related to such TWT design considerations as circuit dispersion, harmonic coupling impedance ratio, and gain level. Also described is the phenomenon of second harmonic interference in the beam bunching process and how it leads to substantial efficiency reduction in TWT's employing relatively nondispersive structures.
Adrenergic regulation of salt and fluid secretion in human medullary collecting duct cells

Transepithelial salt and fluid secretion mediated by cAMP in initial inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDi) may be important for making final adjustments to urine composition. We examined in prim...
CHANGES IN LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR AS A FUNCTION OF VERACITY

In this experiment 20 subjects were placed in a situation designed to elicit a number of truthful and untruthful statements. Differences in these statements were examined by the SLCA III and LEXIC programs to find variables that discriminate between truth-tellers and liars. The results indicate that when lying, individuals use fewer words, and, as a consequence, fewer unique words with larger type-token ratios and smaller perceptual-cognitive activity measures, use fewer past tense verb forms, and that males tend to use a greater number of indicative mood sentences and fewer subjunctive mood sentences. When used in a discriminant function equation, 14 of the SLCA III and LEXIC variables were able to provide an adequate level of classification for the veracity of the subjects' statements.
Advantages of digital convergence for functional test

With the ever-increasing complexity and clock rates of today's weapon system electronics, digital functional test plays a critical role in depot test. This is likely to become even more so over the next in years as the next generation of weapon systems are deployed. At the same time that system complexity is increasing, the number of joint weapon system programs is growing. JSF and V-22 are just two high-profile examples. DoD initiatives like CIWG, Critical Interfaces Working Group, are driving toward a common test environment as a way to reduce the costs of TPS development and test systems. For complex joint programs, a common environment is widely viewed as an essential factor in minimizing the overall cost of test. In many ways, the DoD has succeeded in establishing a common test environment for digital test through digital test convergence. This paper discusses the parameters that define commonality and the implementation trade-offs.
Monolithic Active Pixel Matrix with Binary Counters (MAMBO) ASIC

Monolithic Active Matrix with Binary Counters (MAMBO) is a counting ASIC designed for detecting and measuring low energy X-rays from 6–12keV. Each pixel contains analogue functionality implemented with a charge preamplifier, CR-RC2 shaper and a baseline restorer. It also contains a window comparator which can be trimmed by 4 bit DACs to remove systematic offsets. The hits are registered by a 12 bit ripple counter which is reconfigured as a shift register to serially output the data from the entire ASIC. Each pixel can be tested individually. Two diverse approaches have been used to prevent coupling between the detector and electronics in MAMBO III and MAMBO IV. MAMBO III is a 3D ASIC, the bottom ASIC consists of diodes which are connected to the top ASIC using μ-bump bonds. The detector is decoupled from the electronics by physically separating them on two tiers and using several metal layers as a shield. MAMBO IV is a monolithic structure which uses a nested well approach to isolate the detector from the electronics. The ASICs are being fabricated using the SOI 0.2μm OKI process, MAMBO III is 3D bonded at T-Micro and MAMBO IV nested well structure was developed in collaboration between OKI and Fermilab.
Online Mental Health Information Seeking in Young Adults with Mental Health Challenges

Barriers such as stigmatization and access to health care may lead young adults with mental health conditions (YAMHC) to try to find alternatives to more traditional means of obtaining care. One possible alternative is to seek information online. The purpose of this article is to better understand how YAMHC use the Internet to access information about mental health, and the challenges they face when trying to access that information. Semistructured focus groups were conducted to investigate how YAMHC use the Internet for information and support regarding their mental health. Three major themes about mental health information seeking emerged from the data: (a) Topics searched, (b) Motivations for going online to search for information, and (c) Barriers to successful searching. Findings indicate that YAMHC look up information related to their mental health for a variety of reasons that are unique to the online experience, and use that information to help them with their care, despite at times feeling overwh...
Detection of stationary foliage-obscured targets by polarimetric millimeter-wave Radar

This paper introduces a technique to detect the presence of foliage-obscured targets using millimeter-wave radars operating at near-grazing incidence. Radar return from a scene where a target is concealed behind foliage consists of both foliage backscatter return and a polarimetrically distorted and reduced target return. A data acquisition and signal processing technique that takes advantage of temporal decorrelations in foliage is proposed to enhance target detection and resolve it from foliage. Furthermore, an inversion technique is proposed to remove the polarimetric distortions in the target response. The techniques are verified through a series of indoor and outdoor experiments.
Structure of Proton Decay in SO($n$) Family Unification

We show that for all $\mathrm{SO}(n)$, $ng10$, family unification schemes there exist no gauge currents relevant for baryon decay other than those already appearing in the SO(10) model. The effect of Yukawa interactions for baryon-number-violating processes in $\mathrm{SO}(n)$ models is also investigated.
Assailants' sexual dysfunction during rape: prevalence and relationship to genital trauma in female victims.

Abstract Background: Partial or complete failure to maintain an erection sufficient for coitus is known to occur in a proportion of sexual assailants during the rape episode. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of coercion, physical violence, and genital injury associated with sexual assaults is influenced by the assailant's erectile impotence. Methods: This prospective, observational study evaluated consecutive female patients presenting to a free-standing urban sexual assault clinic during a 3-year study period. Sexual assault victims presenting directly to four downtown emergency departments (EDs) are routinely referred to the clinic for evaluation after triage and initial assessment. The clinic is associated with a university-affiliated emergency medicine residency program and is staffed by forensic nurses trained to perform medical-legal examinations. The primary outcome was to compare the frequency of anogenital findings documented in women whose assailant experienced no erectile dysfunction vs. those victims who reported erectile impotence in the assailant. Results: During the study period, 569 sexual assault victims were eligible to participate in the study; 47 (8.3%) reported that their assailants had experienced erectile impotence. Except for assailant age, the two victim groups were comparable in terms of marital status, alcohol and drug use, known assailant, and time to physical examination. In attacks where erectile dysfunction occurred, there was a higher incidence of physical coercion (60% vs. 32% without physical coercion, p p 2 = 9.1, p = 0.036). Conclusion: Erectile impotence occurred in up to 8% of sexual assailants during the rape episode. Despite this erectile dysfunction, the majority of sexual assault victims sustained anogenital trauma. In the attacks with erectile impotence, there was a higher incidence of intra-rape violence and subsequent non-genital injuries.
Virtual Logic—Number and Imagination

This column consists in a dialogue (sections 2 and 3) between Cookie and Parabel, protagonists from an earlier column called “Fragments of the Void” (Kauffman, 2004). The dialogue is about the nature of number and the emergence of form and number from the void. In this discussion the void is not empty. It is quite full. The void consists in what is given prior to any distinction. Thus in the void there is no distinction between the observer and the observed or between concept and reality. There are no distinctions in the void, and all that we are familiar with and all that we are not familiar with is right there, but there is no there there. This property of everything and nothing (but the void does not even have this property) makes the void maximally unstable, ready to exfoliate form (we take the form of distinction for the form) at an instant if there were such a spark as an instant. Cookie and Parabel show how number arises from the void and how it is our imagination, our reflexivity that produces and maintains the apparent infinity of entities. In taking this point of view on cognition and form we see that mathematics and indeed the arising of all forms and worlds is reflexive and must include the observer, for it is only with the imagination of an observer that these worlds come to life. In the absence of an observer, the apparent worlds fall back into the potentiality of the void. At the end of the column a reference list forms a background to the dialogue. These include previous papers of the author (Kauffman, 1987, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010); Laws of Form by G. Spencer-Brown (1969); a paper on Number by Warren McCulloch (1965); a warning by the mathematician Edward Nelson (2006); and the Tractatus Logicus Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1922).
Conformational analysis—CXIX : Charge distribution in the molecular mechanics method1

Abstract The method originally proposed by Smith and Eyring for calculating dipole moments of molecules by taking into account the effect of induction and the polarizability of bonds has been extended from an adjacent-bond to an all-bond procedure.The method is applied to some simple mono- and dihalogen compounds. Total dipole moments are reasonably well calculated. The dipole moments of 1,2-diaxial dihalides are correctly calculated for the first time.
Susceptibility of the Pea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) to an Insecticide and a Predator in the Presence of Synthetic Aphid Alarm Pheromone

The potential to manipulate pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), populations with synthetic alarm pheromone interacting with chemical or biological control was tested in greenhouse studies. Because alarm pheromone stimulates aphid movement, synthetic alarm pheromone may have the potential to act as a behavioral synergist for insecticides applied on plant surfaces. (E)-²-farnesene had a synergistic effect when combined with malathion; pea aphid survival decreased by 14.7%. An alternative application for alarm pheromone is disruption of effective alarm communication between aphids in the presence of a high background level of synthetic alarm pheromone. Under these conditions, predators may become more effective in feeding on aphids. This hypothesis was not supported by our experimental results with the predator Nabis americoferos Carayon. There was no significant effect of alarm pheromone on the effectiveness of this predator. However, we did not maintain the close proximity of individuals found in aphid colonies, where lack of response to alarm signals might be more deleterious. An additional experiment addressed the question of whether habituation or sensory adaptation could playa role in these potential applications for alarm pheromone. Aphids no longer moved in response to the presence of alarm pheromone 30 min after it was introduced. The potential role of habituation or sensory adaptation must be considered in designing applications for alarm pheromones.
Notes on the Development of the Morel Ascocarp: Morchella Esculenta

(1982). Notes on the Development of the Morel Ascocarp: Morchella Esculenta. Mycologia: Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 142-144.
Lymphoma and Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Malignant lymphomas are neoplastic lymphoid proliferations also referred to as “clonal” lymphoid populations. The two terms are typically used interchangeably although clonal lymphoid populations can be seen in reactive and autoimmune processes. In 2001 the World Health Organization classified hematolymphoid tumors based on a multi-parameter approach (Jaffe and World Health Organization. Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC Press, 2001). The classification took into consideration the molecular findings along with clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics. This classification was revised in 2008 and a third revision is likely in 2015 (Swerdlow, International Agency for Research on Cancer and World Health Organization. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008). The revised classification includes further distinction based on morphology and immunophenotype as well as newer molecular findings correlating with prognosis and therapy.
The Necessity and Feasibility of Launching a Degree Program of MTI in a Scientific and Technological University——A Case Study of English MA Graduates of Nanjing University of Science and Technology from the Perspective of Supply and Demand of Job Market

Translation and interpreting are characterized as being interdisciplinary and cross-cultural,and the degree program of Master of Translation and Interpreting(MTI) should follow this rule.This paper,taking English MA graduates of Nanjing University of Science and Technology as an example,discusses the necessity and feasibility of launching a degree program of MTI in a scientific and technological university.
Research Advances in Genes of Yield-related Quantitative Traits in Rice

High-yielding breeding is always the main target of rice breeding.With the completion of rice genome sequencing,the genetic researches on the quantitative traits related to rice yield have made great progress,and a number of rice yield-related Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL) have been successfully cloned.This paper briefly summarized the yield-related QTLs which have been cloned in recent years.
Analysis and Solutions of Moisture Absorption of Fiber Reinforced Plastic Rods

The insulation performance of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP) rods may decrease because of their moisture absorption in the procedure of manufacture and deposit. Therefore, the moisture absorption, power frequency puncture voltage, and the ultraviolent ray of FRP rods were tested after moisture absorption and so on. The results show that moisture absorption of FRP rods, as well as field distortion(the percent of field distortion on the 110 k V composite insulators is up to 52.8%~90.4%), can make the partial discharge of FRP rod more serious. The field intensity of composite insulators with part interval moisture absorption(more than 95%) is higher than that with part whole moisture absorption. The moisture absorption happens on the naked glass fiber of FRP rod and follows the Fick law(the moisture absorption of samples can attain saturation in short time). The thermal dying process may cause the weight loss which can make the moisture absorption of FRP rod more serious when FRP rod is taken in the wet environments, but the moisture absorption will be effectively inhibited if the temperature of environments rises(≥30 ℃). The moisture absorption rate should be kept lower than 0.03%, and a new conception of the equivalent depth of permeating is introduced. It is suggested that strengthening the quality detection of raw material, increasing the environment temperature of FRP rod produce and storage, doing the moisture absorption test in the productive process, covering the section by RTV, and etc, can effectively decrease the moisture absorption.
Challenging Assumptions Underlying the Metamorphosis Phase: Ethnographic Analysis of Metamorphosis Within an Unemployment Organization

Organizational communication scholars have grappled with assimilation processes and expanded the theoretical conceptualization of each phase. This article joins in conversation with organizational communication scholars by identifying and problematizing the assumption that reaching metamorphosis is always a positive experience. Through the ethnographic analysis of empirical data collected from an unemployment support organization, the author argues that being an established organizational member is sometimes counter to organizational objectives. While traditional organizations attempt to maintain and grow their membership, some alternative organizational formats aim to minimize membership. This premise challenges the assumption that achieving metamorphosis is always a desirable state of organizational membership. Furthermore, this study reveals how communication changes when it is undesirable for service recipients to reach metamorphosis.
An improved approach for predicting the critical constants of large molecules with Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract In this work we focus on predicting the critical temperature (Tc), critical density (ρc), and critical pressure (Pc) from Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) simulations. Our primary objective is to reduce the uncertainty associated with the critical point constants, particularly Pc, for large molecules. To achieve this goal, we demonstrate the advantages of using the Rackett equation to predict Pc compared to the traditional approach of using the Antoine equation. The main difference is that the Rackett equation utilizes liquid density (ρL) while the Antoine equation uses vapor pressure (Pv). The Rackett equation yields a better prediction of Pc than the Antoine equation because ρL values are more reliable than Pv values when obtained from GEMC simulations for the standard force field models. As either method will yield large uncertainties in Pc if the uncertainties in ρc and/or Tc are large, we also develop a statistically-rigorous experimental design to minimize the uncertainty in Tc, ρc, and Pc. The greatest improvement in uncertainty is found for ρc and Pc when compared to other contemporary methods.
Getting the Whole Truth in Pride and Prejudice

Of all Jane Austen’s novels, Pride and Prejudice ends most serenely. The marriage that will perfectly balance Elizabeth Bennet’s ‘ease and liveliness’ with Fitzwilliam Darcy’s ‘judgement, information, and knowledge of the world’ (312), the stability of Pemberley and the capitulation of even Miss Bingley and Lady Catherine all point to a closure which eliminates ambiguities and achieves coherence. Impediments (the Bennet family’s vulgarities, for example) become irrelevant, and mysteries (such as Mr Bingley’s inconsiderate behaviour) are cleared up.1 Looking back at the narrative, however, I locate three puzzling moments not adequately explained or contained by the text’s impulse towards clarity and closure. And in attempting to ‘solve’ the mysteries of these moments, I discover not only their resistance to my efforts to fix meaning but also a general epistemological uncertainty. Pride and Prejudice thematizes a narrative problem: it exposes the inadequacies alike of careful reticence, of ambiguity, and of absolute assurance, demonstrating how each of these strategies serves to block access to the ‘whole truth’ in narrative.
Cardiac Monitoring in the Emergency Department

Patients present to the emergency department (ED) with a wide range of complaints and ED clinicians are responsible for identifying which conditions are life threatening. Cardiac monitoring strategies in the ED include, but are not limited to, 12-lead electrocardiography and bedside cardiac monitoring for arrhythmia and ischemia detection as well as QT-interval monitoring. ED nurses are in a unique position to incorporate cardiac monitoring into the early triage and risk stratification of patients with cardiovascular emergencies to optimize patient management and outcomes.
Information Systems and Technology

Immigrant youths often struggle with a variety of mental and physical challenges associated with moving to a new country. These challenges can be adaptively confronted through digital communication and information technology (CIT) particularly for those who are digitally native and capable of navigating electronic systems. This chapter first defines the ways in which CIT can increase the reach and capability of psychotherapy when working with immigrant youth and, finally, an exploration of the potential risks and ethical issues, which may develop when these interventions are provided.
Implementing factor models for unobserved heterogeneity in Stata

We introduce a new command, heterofactor, for the maximum likeli- hood estimation of models with unobserved heterogeneity, including a Roy model. heterofactor fits models with up to four latent factors and allows the unobserved heterogeneity to follow general distributions. Our command differs from Stata’s sem command in that it does not rely on the linearity of the structural equations and distributional assumptions for identification of the unobserved heterogeneity. It uses the estimated distributions to numerically integrate over the unobserved factors in the outcome equations by using a mixture of normals in a Gauss–Hermite quadrature. heterofactor delivers consistent estimates, including the unobserved factor loadings, in a variety of model structures. Copyright 2016 by StataCorp LP.
The Faith of Sacrifice: Leadership Trade-Offs in an Afro-Brazilian Religion

Despite secular trends in some countries, prestige-based authority in the form of religious leadership remains hugely influential in the everyday lives of millions of people around the world. Here, the costs and benefits of religious leadership are explored in an urban setting in northeastern Brazil. An economic game, within-group cooperation questionnaires, and social network analyses were carried out among adherents of an Afro-Brazilian religion. Results reveal that leaders display high levels of religious commitment and disproportionally provide cooperative services to group members. On the other hand, initiates cooperate less than leaders but do not differ in levels of received cooperation or social cohesion measures. This may indicate some level of exploitation or free-riding. Demographic and group variables also appear to play an important role in the degree of social cohesion a group achieves. These findings are discussed in the context of non-Western urban settings where religious leadership may represent both an alternative to social advancement and a crucial source of material aid, social support, and a strong sense of community.
Mines: The Local Welfare Effects of Mineral Mining in Developing Countries

Do residents of mining communities face health-wealth trade-offs? We conduct the first extensive investigation assessing this question using micro-data from communities near about 800 mineral mines in 44 developing countries. Mining communities enjoy a substantial mediumterm rise in asset wealth (0.3σ), but experience a nine percentage point increase in anemia among adult women, and a five percentage point increase in the prevalence of stunting in young children. Both of these health impacts have previously been linked to metal toxicity and in particular, exposure to high levels of environmental lead. Benefits and costs are strongly concentrated in the immediate vicinity (≤ 5km) of the nearest mine. We find no systematic evidence of general ill health, and we observe health impacts only near mines of a type where lead pollution is to be expected. Identification is based on a mine-level and mother-level panel, and in the cross-section, on group effects. A novel instrumental variable serves as a crosssectional robustness check. To make plausible that the observed health impacts are due to pollution, we develop difference-in-difference tests based on the known association of certain mine types with lead pollution, and based on the pathophysiology of lead toxicity. Our results represent the first comprehensive assessment of the local welfare impacts of mining in developing countries, and add to the evidence suggesting that communities near industrial centers in developing countries face information or cost constraints that limit their choice sets.
Cyclic Trinuclear Gold(I) Clusters with N,N and Unusual C,C Mixed-Ligand Bridges.

Three crystalline trinuclear gold(I) clusters, [Au3f2y] (1), [Au3fy2] (2), and [Au3y3] (3), where f = N,N′-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)methanimidamidate and y = dimethylendiphenylphosphinate, exhibit bridges from the N,N-formamidinate and/or from the ylide anion ligand whose P-methylene groups chelate in an unusual fashion, where the chelate CPC unit is perpendicular to the trigonal plane of the metal atoms. Assemblies 1 and 2 are the first gold(I) trinuclear clusters featuring mixed-ligand bridges from different N,N and C,C donors; 3 is a previously unknown homoleptic ylide anion cyclic trinuclear assembly. Formamidinate bridges in 1 and 2 connect gold(I) atoms at aurophilic distances of 3.084(2) and 3.0543(4) A, whereas an out-of-plane (perpendicular) P-ylide anion bite produces AuI–AuI distances of as large as 3.900(2) A in 3. The crystal space groups for 1 and 2 are triclinic P1 and that for 3 is monoclinic P21/c, with Z = 2 for 1 and 2 and Z = 4 for 3. Compounds are synthesized under Schlenk conditions a...
A Folding Model Analysis of the (p,n) Quasielastic Reaction

Since the discovery in 1961 of the prominence of the isobaric analogue of the target ground state in (p,n) spectral, theoretical study of this reaction, often called the (p,n) quasielastic reaction, has evolved along several lines. One approach, sometimes called the microscopic model,2,3,4 represents the target and residual nuclei by shell model wave functions. A nucleon-nucleon interaction is assumed and the reaction is described in terms of a sum of two-body forces between the projectile and target nucleons. This fundamental approach can include such refinements as multistep processes5,6 and the effect of antisymmetrization of the projectile and target nucleons.7 An alternate approach describes the quasielastic reaction by means of a nucleon-nucleus optical potential that possesses an isospin dependence. This approach originated with A. M. Lane8,9 and the term macroscopic model is used when a phenomenological isospin dependent optical potential is used to describe the quasielastic reaction.10,11,12 These two models are not necessarily inconsistent and both have met with success in predicting quasielastic data.
Fluid Flow Control of Stem Cells With Investigation of Mechanotransduction Pathways

Stem cells in vivo experience shear and chemotransport from fluid flow within mechanically active tissues and while migrating from niches to homing targets in the body. Fluid flow-based strategies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine mimic the in vivo flow environments to expand and condition cells, to guide stem cell lineage commitment, to study stem cell migration in dynamic environments, and to condition engineered tissues and stimulate extracellular matrix production. Stem cells sense mechanical signals and translate them into appropriate biochemical activities through the process of mechanotransduction via cytoskeletal reorganization and cellular tension signaling, by the regulation of cell–substrate adhesion and cell–cell junctional proteins, and through related downstream signaling molecules. Investigation of mechanotransduction pathways will provide mechanistic insight for improving cell therapies and functional tissue engineering. This chapter discusses fluid flow regulation of stem cell proliferation, quiescence, differentiation, migration, and tissue remodeling with brief discussions of underlying molecular pathways.
Decisions under duress: factors influencing emergency management decision making during Superstorm Sandy

This study is an investigation of how emergency managers (EMs) make critical evacuation decisions, using Superstorm Sandy as a case study. A total of twenty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with EMs in New Jersey and New York. Including different locations with different characteristics within the Sandy impacted area adds geographical and socioeconomic contexts, which enhances the overall understanding of the decision-making process both temporally and spatially. Grounded Theory, a qualitative data analysis method, was used to determine the various factors influencing decisions. A major contribution of this research to the hazards field is the creation of a decision-making model fitted specifically to the role of EMs. This model highlights the complexity and individuality of decision making by illustrating the wide variety of factors, including those of the municipality, individual EM characteristics and positions, and Sandy’s uncertainty, that influenced EM decisions. How decisions were influenced by these factors was not uniform across the region studied. Many factors, such as prior storm experience and knowledge of the town, proved to be more influential in the decision-making process than was weather information, such as forecasts. This model further distinguished between making a decision and actually taking action, exploring the different triggers associated with turning a decision into action.
Scalable and broadband silicon photonics chip to fiber optical interface using polymer waveguides

We present a silicon photonics optical I/O interfacing solution based on adiabatic optical coupling between silicon and polymer waveguides working for both O- and C-band. In the O-band, a fiber-to-chip coupling loss < 4 dB was found, with a polarization dependent loss < 0.5 dB.
Scaffold-reinforced perovskite compound solar cells

The relative insensitivity of the optoelectronic properties of organometal trihalide perovskites to crystallographic defects and impurities has enabled fabrication of highly-efficient perovskite solar cells by scalable solution-state deposition techniques well suited to low-cost manufacturing. Fracture analyses of state-of-the-art devices, however, have revealed that both the perovskite active layer and adjacent carrier selective contacts are mechanically fragile—a major obstacle to technological maturity that stands to significantly compromise their thermomechanical reliability and operational lifetimes. We report a new concept in solar cell design, the compound solar cell (CSC), which addresses the intrinsic fragility of these materials with mechanically reinforcing internal scaffolds. The internal scaffold effectively partitions a conventional monolithic planar solar cell into an array of dimensionally scalable and mechanically shielded individual perovskite cells that are laterally encapsulated by the surrounding scaffold and connected in parallel via the front and back electrodes. The CSCs exhibited a significantly increased fracture energy of ∼13 J m−2—a 30-fold increase over previously reported planar perovskite (∼0.4 J m−2)—while maintaining efficiencies comparable to planar devices. Notably, the efficiency of the microcells formed within the scaffold is comparable to planar devices on an area-adjusted basis. This development is a significant step in demonstrating robust perovskite solar cells to achieve increased reliability and service lifetimes comparable to c-Si, CIGS, and CdTe solar cells.
Corticosteroid Injections Ineffective for Knee Osteoarthritis.

This well-done study found that regular three-month intra-articular injections of triamcinolone for two years resulted in no significant difference in pain and function assessments compared with saline. However, a significant increase in cartilage loss and damage did occur in patients receiving corticosteroids compared with saline.
Corrosion of Post-Tensioned Tendons with Deficient Grout, Part 1: Electrochemical Behavior of Steel in Alkaline Sulfate Solutions

Severe corrosion recently documented in Florida post-tensioned bridges were related to grout segregation that created deficient grout with characteristics of having low chloride content, high sulfa...
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Autoimmune Diseases Requiring Critical Care

Proper functioning within the gastrointestinal (GI) system is essential to immune integrity. Autoimmune diseases (ADs) can disrupt GI integrity and cause serious derangements of organ function. ADs exist on a continuum of mild to severe. Life-threatening presentations of ADs can lead to rapid clinical demise. Additionally, the medications used to control ADs can precipitate gastric bleeding and predispose patients to sepsis in critical care. AD treatment focuses on diminishing symptoms through reducing autoantibody production that leads to cytokine release. This article details common and rare presentations of acute ADs associated with GI manifestations in critically ill patients.
Atomic Orbital Implementation of Extended Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (XSAPT) and Benchmark Calculations for Large Supramolecular Complexes

We report an implementation of extended symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (XSAPT) in the atomic orbital basis, extending this method to systems where the monomers are large. In our “XSAPT(KS)” approach, monomers are described using range-separated Kohn–Sham (KS) density functional theory (DFT), with correct asymptotic behavior set by tuning the range-separation parameter ω in a monomer-specific way. This is accomplished either by conventional ionization potential (IP)-based tuning, in which ω is adjusted to satisfy the condition eHOMO(ω) = −IP(ω), or else using a “global density-dependent” (GDD) condition, in which ω is fixed based on the size of the exchange hole. The latter procedure affords better results for both total interaction energies and energy components, when used in conjunction with our third-generation pairwise atom–atom dispersion potential (+aiD3). Three-body (triatomic) dispersion terms are found to be important when the monomers are large, and we incorporate these by means of an Axilr...
Forms and Atoms in the Timaeus

“This is the view I adopt: If mind and true opinion are two kinds, surely these forms in themselves, unperceived but only known to us, exist; but they must be said to be two, since they have different origins and dissimilar natures. For the one arises in us through teaching, the other through persuasion; and the one is always in accordance with true logos, the other is without logos...”
Design, Development, and Testing of Flapping Fins with Actively Controlled Curvature for an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle

This paper describes the design, construction, and testing of a biomimetic pectoral (side) fin with actively controlled curvature for UUV propulsion. It also describes the development of a test UUV and the design of a fin control system for vertical plane motion. A 3D unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis has been carried out to computationally optimize the fin design including a full study of the primary design parameters. The fin has been constructed and it can reproduce any specified deformation time-history. The full dynamics of the proposed vehicle have been modeled and the forces produced by the flapping fins computed. Finally, the stability of motion in the vertical plane has been analyzed and a control system has been designed.
Using Interactive Video Technology in Graduate Programs in Public Administration

(1995). Using Interactive Video Technology in Graduate Programs in Public Administration. Journal of Public Administration Education: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 116-129.
Foundational research in accounting: professional memoirs and beyonds. PARTE 1

Foundational research in accounting: professional memoirs and beyonds. PARTE 1 2015 Revision and Extension of the De Computis Edition (of 2006) Richard Mattessich
Does logical pluralism imply, or suggest, truth pluralism, or vice versa?

The answers to the questions in the title depend on the kind of pluralism one is talking about. We will focus here on our own views. The purpose of this article is to trace out some possible connections between these kinds of pluralism. We show how each of them might bear on the other, depending on how certain open questions are resolved.
Innate immunity and antioxidant costs of low temperatures in native green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) and invasive tropical Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis)

Thermal tolerance plays a role in the geographic range over which different species can survive, and temperature fluctuations can affect amphibian physiology. We studied physiological costs associated with low temperatures in green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea), which are native to the United States, and tropical, non-native Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) that have invaded Florida. Specifically, we examined variation in innate immunity and skin antioxidant capacity. To complete the study, 107 treefrog tadpoles were raised through metamorphosis and, as young frogs, divided into a control group maintained at room temperature of approximately 24°C and an experimental group at approximately 8°C. Individuals in the low temperature group were placed in the cold temperatures for 6-8 hours per day for 14 days to simulate early fall nocturnal ambient temperatures in northern regions of states along the Gulf of Mexico in the United States. Cuban treefrogs had a significantly greater survival rate than green treefrogs in the control group, but there was no significant difference in survival between experimental groups. We also found that each species was negatively affected by low temperatures, with a decrease in bacterial killing ability and antioxidants on their skin, but the Cuban treefrogs were affected to a much greater extent. These findings suggest that the spread of Cuban treefrogs into areas north of their current invasive range may be slowed by physiological costs of low temperatures, but we do not expect significantly greater mortality rates associated with cold alone than treefrogs already occupying such a range.
Predicting the outcome of a comatose patient at the bedside.

The call to the bedside and the prognostication of a comatose patient—telling family members what to expect—commonly falls to neurologists. The assessment is often confounded by the treatment paradigms of modern intensive care (ie, drugs, drug interactions and targeted temperature management). Patients may be too unstable to leave the intensive care unit for neuroimaging; thus, repeated clinical examinations are decisive. Despite diverse causes, certain principles do apply: (1) Many patients can improve, although with significant abnormalities; (2) Neuroimaging and electrodiagnostic tests can help but are rarely definitive; (3) Secondary involvement of the upper brainstem marks a tipping point with much lower probability for an independent outcome; (4) We rarely predict mortality or diagnose brain death; usually the major concern is anticipated neurological deficits; and (5) Prior comorbidity and permanent organ dysfunction are critical factors in making decisions about de-escalation or escalation of care. This review provides a practical approach to evaluating outcome of a comatose patient. Prognostication is difficult, and we should only attempt it when the diagnosis is confirmed and appropriate (often aggressive) medical or surgical treatment has been tried.
Analysis algorithms for simultaneous neutron and x-ray tomography datasets from the NIST NeXT system (Conference Presentation)

The NIST Neutron and X-ray Tomography (NeXT) system provides simultaneous, complementary, multimodal information for the characterization of materials. Neutrons and X-rays yield complementary, non-destructive views of a complex system due to the contrast differences that arise from the differences in interaction with matter for the two modes. The NeXT system orients a 90 keV microfocus X-ray tube orthogonally to the thermal neutron beam. This enables truly simultaneous capture of the two modalities, thus it is possible to perform multimodal tomography of dynamic or stochastic samples while penetrating through sample environment equipment such as pressure and flow vessels. NIST has developed and continues to update distributable software for reconstructing and analyzing the multimodal datasets. Tomographic reconstruction offers multiple CPU and GPU based algorithms for parallel and cone beam geometries. Additional analysis routines perform volume registration and region of interest segmentation of the bivariate histogram that leverages the contrast differences between the two modalities. This talk will give an overview of the NeXT system, the algorithm developments underway and provide multiple research applications using the system.
Diabetes Mellitus-Not Just Type 1 or Type 2 Anymore.

Introduction Diabetes mellitus traditionally has been categorized as type 1 (insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of islet cells) or type 2 (insulin resistance with the development of relative insulin deficiency). However, other pathophysiologic etiologies for diabetes must be considered in the evaluation of patients with new-onset diabetes. Case presentation We report the case of a 50-year-old man with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus who-despite appropriate pharmacotherapy-developed worsening hyperglycemia. Further investigation revealed the presence of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Discussion Although an association between pancreatic cancer and diabetes has been noted widely in the gastroenterology, oncology, and endocrine literature, a paucity of primary care literature on the topic exists. Features of predominant insulin deficiency and new onset of diabetes in a patient without family history of type 2 diabetes should raise suspicion for undetected/early-stage pancreatic cancer. Conclusions This case highlights the importance of considering all possible pathophysiologic etiologies when a patient has a new diagnosis of diabetes. Clinicians should consider the possibility of pancreatic cancer in patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus, especially when features not characteristic of type 2 diabetes are present. Understanding the relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer has the potential to improve early detection of pancreatic cancer and can provide an opportunity for early treatment and improved survival.
Catalytic resonance theory: parallel reaction pathway control

Catalytic enhancement of chemical reactions via heterogeneous materials occurs through stabilization of transition states at designed active sites, but dramatically greater rate acceleration on that same active site can be achieved when the surface intermediates oscillate in binding energy. The applied oscillation amplitude and frequency can accelerate reactions orders of magnitude above the catalytic rates of static systems, provided the active site dynamics are tuned to the natural frequencies of the surface chemistry. In this work, differences in the characteristics of parallel reactions are exploited via selective application of active site dynamics (0 < ΔU < 1.0 eV amplitude, 10−6 < f < 104 Hz frequency) to control the extent of competing reactions occurring on the shared catalytic surface. Simulation of multiple parallel reaction systems with broad range of variation in chemical parameters revealed that parallel chemistries are highly tunable in selectivity between either pure product, even when specific products are not selectively produced under static conditions. Two mechanisms leading to dynamic selectivity control were identified: (i) surface thermodynamic control of one product species under strong binding conditions, or (ii) catalytic resonance of the kinetics of one reaction over the other. These dynamic parallel pathway control strategies applied to a host of simulated chemical conditions indicate significant potential for improving the catalytic performance of many important industrial chemical reactions beyond their existing static performance.
Using hole injection layers for decreased metastability and higher performance in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 devices

Abstract Modifications to the buffer structure in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells are examined in terms of power conversion efficiency and metastability. Varying amounts of thin hole-injecting layers are introduced at different locations in the CIGS/Zn(O,S) device structure. It is found that such layers simultaneously increase performance and decrease metastability. The most effective variant produces devices without metastability and with higher efficiency than the CdS-only controls. The most effective location for hole injection is found to be between the Zn(O,S) buffer and the transparent conductor. At this location, passivation of the CIGS surface is not a function of the hole injection layer, and thus a variety of materials with appropriate band-edge energies should achieve the same purpose.