cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Ageing for MV Power Cables Using Low Frequency Tan δ Diagnostic Measurements

This paper describes very low frequency (VLF) tan delta experiments performed on field-aged and non-aged distribution medium voltage (MV) cable samples. The field aged samples constitute a uniform set of Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) of 15 kV unjacketed cables removed from the same service area having experienced similar operating and ageing conditions. The non-aged samples are a diverse set of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) and water tree retardant cross-linked polyethylene (WTRXLPE) cables of 15 kV and 25 kV and Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) cable of 25 kV. The experiments are designed to contribute in understanding, time, voltage and discharge time dependence of Tan delta diagnostic measurements at VLF of 0.1 Hz. Results help in clarifying issues that arise when characterizing MV cable insulation by Tan delta diagnostic measurements. The issues include time-on-test, voltage level as a diagnostic tool, diagnostic features, and reproducibility and repeatability of the measurements. The paper shows that higher insulation losses, non-linearity, hyteresis, and variation in voltage and time of Tan delta diagnostic measurements at VLF are indicators that can be used to properly characterize the insulation and enhance the diagnosis.
Gait identification for an intelligent prosthetic foot

Design of an actively controlled prosthetic foot is an emerging research area in robotics. When there are changes in walking conditions such as terrain or speed, classical control methods might confront difficulties. An intelligent prosthetic foot will adapt more efficiently to those changes if it is equipped with an online learning control algorithm. To design such controller, the first step is to acquire real-time gait information from the amputee to study walking behaviors of the individual. In this paper, we developed a neural network-based gait pattern classifier and a rule-based gait phase detector which will provide gait information in real-time.
A Differential Equation for Modeling Nesterovâ€™s Accelerated Gradient Method: Theory and Insights

We derive a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE), which is the limit of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. This ODE exhibits approximate equivalence to Nesterov's scheme and thus can serve as a tool for analysis. We show that the continuous time ODE allows for a better understanding of Nesterov's scheme. As a byproduct, we obtain a family of schemes with similar convergence rates. The ODE interpretation also suggests restarting Nesterov's scheme leading to an algorithm, which can be rigorously proven to converge at a linear rate whenever the objective is strongly convex.
Division of Labor and Working-Class Women's Well-Being Across the Transition to Parenthood.

This study examines the degree to which the division of household and child-care tasks predicts working-class women's well-being across the transition to parenthood. Women completed questionnaires about the division of labor and their well-being before the birth of their first child and upon returning to work. Results showed that violated expectations regarding the division of child care were associated with increased distress postnatally, and there was some evidence that this relationship was moderated by gender ideology. Traditional women whose husbands did more child care than they expected them to do were more distressed. Work status also moderated the relationship between violated expectations and distress. The results suggest that the division of child care is more salient in predicting distress than the division of housework, for working-class women, at this time point.
Assessing school achievement progress: Comparing alternative approaches

Purpose: Currently under the No Child Left Behind Act, cut scores of successive cohorts of students are used to identify schools that are successful and others that are failing. For many schools, h...
Abstractions for mobile computations

We discuss the difficulties caused by mobile computing and mobile computation over wide-area networks. We propose a unified framework for overcoming such difficulties.
Efficacy of an HIV Prevention Intervention for African American Adolescent Girls: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ContextAfrican American adolescent girls are at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but interventions specifically designed for this population have not reduced HIV risk behaviors.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of an intervention to reduce sexual risk behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and pregnancy and enhance mediators of HIV-preventive behaviors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRandomized controlled trial of 522 sexually experienced African American girls aged 14 to 18 years screened from December 1996 through April 1999 at 4 community health agencies. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire and an interview, demonstrated condom application skills, and provided specimens for STD testing. Outcome assessments were made at 6- and 12-month follow-up.InterventionAll participants received four 4-hour group sessions. The intervention emphasized ethnic and gender pride, HIV knowledge, communication, condom use skills, and healthy relationships. The comparison condition emphasized exercise and nutrition.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was consistent condom use, defined as condom use during every episode of vaginal intercourse; other outcome measures were sexual behaviors, observed condom application skills, incident STD infection, self-reported pregnancy, and mediators of HIV-preventive behaviors.ResultsRelative to the comparison condition, participants in the intervention reported using condoms more consistently in the 30 days preceding the 6-month assessment (unadjusted analysis, intervention, 75.3% vs comparison, 58.2%) and the 12-month assessment (unadjusted analysis, intervention, 73.3% vs comparison, 56.5%) and over the entire 12-month period (adjusted odds ratio, 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-3.17; P = .003). Participants in the intervention reported using condoms more consistently in the 6 months preceding the 6-month assessment (unadjusted analysis, intervention, 61.3% vs comparison, 42.6%), at the 12-month assessment (unadjusted analysis, intervention, 58.1% vs comparison, 45.3%), and over the entire 12-month period (adjusted odds ratio, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.51-3.50; P<.001). Using generalized estimating equation analyses over the 12-month follow-up, adolescents in the intervention were more likely to use a condom at last intercourse, less likely to have a new vaginal sex partner in the past 30 days, and more likely to apply condoms to sex partners and had better condom application skills, a higher percentage of condom-protected sex acts, fewer unprotected vaginal sex acts, and higher scores on measures of mediators. Promising effects were also observed for chlamydia infections and self-reported pregnancy.ConclusionInterventions for African American adolescent girls that are gender-tailored and culturally congruent can enhance HIV-preventive behaviors, skills, and mediators and may reduce pregnancy and chlamydia infection.
On a Growing Dualism in Organizational Discourse Research

Duality arguments are now a common perspective employed in organizational discourse research to avoid the problematic dualism of necessarily prioritizing structure or agency. Despite this considerable philosophical maturity, not all duality approaches are created equal. In fact, duality theorizing in current organizational discourse research has developed into two perspectives— structured in action or acted in structure. This article outlines the characteristics of each research program and provides an illustration of how similar organizational phenomena may be interpreted differently depending on paradigmatic orientation. Then, methodological recommendations and two emerging theoretical myopias—duality and organizing biases—are described to challenge scholars to employ dialectically these seemingly incommensurate perspectives in their theorizing of 21st-century organizational discourse.
Design considerations for high-frequency crystal oscillators

The deleterious effects of crystal shunt capacitance and series resistance on the performance of series-mode oscillators are discussed. When the parasitic capacitance across the crystal significantly modifies the transconductance of the amplifying stage the circuits can become susceptible to a parasitic second mode of oscillation above the series-resonance frequency of the crystal. A simple model that can sufficiently describe such crystal oscillator circuits was developed and used to derive simple design equations that can accurately predict the behavior of these circuits. The design equations should be especially useful for a reliable design in cases when it is not practical to use an additional inductor to compensate for the parasitic shunt capacitance of the crystal. It is shown theoretically that the inclusion of this capacitance in the feedback path reduces the total effective capacitance in the tank circuit, which is tuned to the desired overtone frequency. This creates a second mode of oscillation frequency which is higher than the desired crystal resonance frequency. The ranges of loop-gain and tank resistance values that can prevent this parasitic mode of oscillations are derived. It is also shown that the useful loop gain for the desired oscillations to start is restricted to a similar region by the crystal shunt capacitance and series resistance. >
Remediation Theory: Analyzing What Made Quarterlife Successful as an Online Series and Not A Television Series

The purpose of this research is to examine the internet webisode phenomenon Quarterlife and determine what structural elements made it suitable for internet viewing but not television. As media beg...
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Acute Coronary Syndrome:

OBJECTIVE:To review the contemporary role of the glycoprotein (GYP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and those with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and to provide an algorithm based on currently available evidence for specific agents.DATA SOURCES:Primary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966–January 2003); references cited in these articles provided additional resources.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All of the articles identified from data sources were considered for relevant information; this article primarily addresses large, controlled or comparative studies, and meta-analyses.DATA SYNTHESIS:The role of GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients undergoing PCI and those with ACS has progressed markedly. To date, abciximab has the most robust data in patients undergoing PCI, particularly high-risk individuals. In PCI patients with lower risk (e.g., elective stenting), eptifibatide is a reason...
Multimode variation modeling and process monitoring for serial-parallel multistage manufacturing processes

A Serial-Parallel Multistage Manufacturing Process (SP-MMP) may have multiple variation propagation modes in its production runs when process routes vary from part to part. Conventional methods that ignore such multimode variation may not be able to effectively model and monitor the variation streams. It is also very challenging to model such a process when the available engineering domain knowledge is insufficient to characterize the variation streams. This article proposes a data-driven method, piecewise linear regression trees, to interrelate the variables for an SP-MMP with multimode variation. A unified control chart system is developed to monitor the process considering modeling uncertainty. The application to a more generic multistage multimode process is discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed procedure is demonstrated in an application involving a wafer manufacturing process.
Vibrational shape tracking of atomic force microscopy cantilevers for improved sensitivity and accuracy of nanomechanical measurements

Contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) methods currently utilize the eigenvalues, or resonant frequencies, of an AFM cantilever in contact with a surface to quantify local mechanical properties. However, the cantilever eigenmodes, or vibrational shapes, also depend strongly on tip–sample contact stiffness. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of eigenmode measurements for improved accuracy and sensitivity of CR-AFM. We apply a recently developed, in situ laser scanning method to experimentally measure changes in cantilever eigenmodes as a function of tip–sample stiffness. Regions of maximum sensitivity for eigenvalues and eigenmodes are compared and found to occur at different values of contact stiffness. The results allow the development of practical guidelines for CR-AFM experiments, such as optimum laser spot positioning for different experimental conditions. These experiments provide insight into the complex system dynamics that can affect CR-AFM and lay a foundation for enhanced nanomechanical measurements with CR-AFM.
Pixe Spectrometry as an Aid to Reconstruction of Ancient Processes of Bronze Production

The process of translating copper ore into a finished bronze involved a series of discrete steps (Fig. 1), the products and by-products of which comprise a diversity of materials. The full characterization of these materials, and thereby the reconstruction of how the metalworking artisans of a particular culture went about their craft, requires a variety of analytical tools, each applied with specific interpretive goals in mind. For example, the use of high power optical microscopy (with magnifications ranging 10x to 400x) allows a qualitative description of ore and slag petrography [1], and the definition of individual phases in metal microstructure (see, for example, refs. [2,3]); the use of high temperature cell (HTC) microscopy, offers a novel means of studying a slag’s thermodynamic properties [4]; and so on.
Light element opacities of astrophysical interest from ATOMIC

Abstract We report on our continued work to produce a new set of local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (LTE) opacity tables using the Los Alamos ATOMIC code. OPLIB tables for the 30 elements from H through Zn are almost complete and are expected to be available in 2015. In this paper we present some examples of our new opacities from ATOMIC. We provide comparisons of our opacities with a series of opacity measurements that were performed on Fe and Al some years ago. We also present opacities at conditions of interest to stellar modeling and compare and contrast the opacity of various transition metals with OP calculations that are commonly used in astrophysical modeling.
Sociological limitations of the climate change encyclical

The Pope has articulated a need to change the way society thinks about economic growth, but it is implausible to rely primarily on moral conversion to solve our environmental and social ills.
II. Literature Review

The term “suicide” is defined in the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary as “the act of killing oneself voluntarily and intentionally” (2004, p. 1249). Various data have been reported regarding the prevalence of suicide among the general population. A 2007 United States report on suicide highlights incidence and prevalence rates, as well as its impact on society at large (McIntosh, 2010). Suicide is considered the eleventh leading cause of death for people in the United States. In 2007, 34,598 people committed suicide (approximately 1 death every 15.2 min). Males were 3.6 times more likely than females to take their own lives. Overall, the use of firearms was the most common method of suicide (N = 17,352). Additionally, the risk for suicide has also been analyzed among various subpopulations. According to research, suicide rates among adolescent youth, the elderly, and military members are higher than those in the general population (Bryan, Cukrowicz, West, & Morrow, 2010; Joiner, 2010; Kang & Bullman, 2008; McIntosh, 2002).
Cyberchondria: Parsing Health Anxiety From Online Behavior.

Background Individuals with questions about their health often turn to the Internet for information about their symptoms, but the degree to which health anxiety is related to online checking, and clinical variables, remains unclear. The clinical profiles of highly anxious Internet checkers, and the relationship to checking behavior itself, have not previously been reported. Objective In this article, we test the hypothesis, derived from cognitive-behavioral models, that individuals with higher levels of illness anxiety would recall having experienced worsening anxiety after reassurance-seeking on the Internet. Method Data from 731 volunteers who endorsed engaging in online symptom-searching were collected using an online questionnaire. Severity of health anxiety was assessed with the Whiteley Index, functional impairment with the Sheehan Disability Scale, and distress recall during and after searching with a modified version of the Clinician׳s Global Impairment scale. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine variables contributing to distress during and after Internet checking. Results Severity of illness anxiety on the Whiteley Index was the strongest predictor of increase in anxiety associated with, and consequent to, online symptom-searching. Individuals with high illness anxiety recalled feeling worse after online symptom-checking, whereas those with low illness anxiety recalled relief. Longer-duration online health-related use was associated with increased functional impairment, less education, and increased anxiety during and after checking. Conclusion Because individuals with moderate-high levels of illness anxiety recall experiencing more anxiety during and after searching, such searching may be detrimental to their health. If replicated in controlled experimental settings, this would suggest that individuals with illness anxiety should be advised to avoid using the Internet for illness-related information.
Session T4A: Tutorial: Tiny DC-sourced single inductor charge-supply ICs

A challenge wireless micro-sensors and other microsystems face is short lifetime, because tiny batteries store little energy. Although miniaturized fuel cells and atomic sources store more energy than lithium ions and super capacitors, they source less power, so they cannot power as many functions. Unfortunately, their power-dense counterparts cannot sustain life for long. Thankfully, the environment also holds vast amounts of energy, and of typical sources, like light, motion, temperature, and radiation, sunlight produces the highest power density, but only when available. The fact is, combining miniaturized fuel or photovoltaic cells with tiny lithium-ion batteries or super capacitors can be more compact, reliable, and longer lasting than any single technology. Managing a hybrid system of this sort to supply a microwatt application, however, requires an intelligent, low-loss dc-dc power converter. This talk discusses the state of the art in miniaturized charger-supply systems that draw power from an energy-dense dc source and supplementary power from a battery to supply a load and recharge the battery with excess power from the energy-dense source.
Occult Thyroid Carcinoma Appearing as a Single Mandibular Metastasis

Extraglandular well-differentiated follicular thyroid tissue in the head and neck can originate from aberrant embryologic rests, by separation from the main gland through strap muscle action, by 'benign metastatic" seeding of the cervical lymphatics, and from mixed papillary-follicular or pure follicular carcinoma. The management of this ectopic tissue is controversial. A case of occult follicular carcinoma with a sole metastasis to the mandible is presented.
Monocytoid B-Cell Lymphoma

Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma is a distinct clinicopathologic entity occurring primarily in the lymph nodes of elderly patients. Its unique features compared with other low-grade lymphomas are also its characteristic morphologic features. These are its rare leukemic conversion and infrequent bone marrow involvement, and its relatively common association with autoimmune disease. Although MBCL is believed to be a low-grade, indolent type of lymphoma, its progression to high-grade lymphoma warrants close follow-up of patients.
Applications of a dynamic tethering system to enable the deep space cam jointed observation bot

A device capable of creating tethers for use with spacecraft that are made from a diverse material palette could serve many functions. These functions include supporting applications such as data transfer, power generation, and resource collection. Applications that are currently being considered include use in a system for orientation, data transfer, and power delivery and use as part of a free-moving camera system which would be used in proximity to a spacecraft for capturing images and video for promotional and preforming diagnostic and “self-check” operations. Materials that have been considered for use in such a tethering device have different physical attributes in order to facilitate supporting the widest possible degree of applications for use in scientific, remote sensing, power generation, and electromagnetic applications methods for the parent spacecraft. Physical properties that have been considered include: rigidity, conductivity, heat dissipation, and opacity. The proposed dynamic tethering system would be driven by 3D printing technologies. This prospective application of 3D printing remains relatively unexplored. This provides great opportunities for knowledge expansion and the development of dynamic tethers for use capturing video footage and pictures, and for other scientific endeavors.
Research on a Synchronism Scheme for Digital Substations

Based on the requirement for digital substation development,the digital substation data sharing demand is analyzed,its need for the synchronized clock source designed,and the implementation scheme for the synchroclocks and the difference among them discussed.Finally,a plan for the rational solution with the field programmable gate array(FPGA)is proposed.
Distal Tibia Pilon: Staged Fixation – Fibula Fixation and then Tibia

This is a 45-year old maintenance worker who fell from scaffolding and sustained a closed right pilon fracture. Figure 19.1 represents the acute injury. He was initially seen at an outside hospital where a trauma evaluation was performed. The isolated orthopedic injury described was identified, and spanning external fixation was applied that day to the right lower extremity. The following day the patient was transferred to our level one trauma hospital for continued management. Upon presentation, the patient had no sensory or motor deficits and had a normal vascular exam. He had significant swelling of the right ankle with early fracture blisters on the medial aspect of the ankle. The external fixation was noted to be loose and adequate length and alignment was not restored.
The ontology of medically related social entities: recent developments.

The Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities (OMRSE) was initially developed in 2011 to provide a framework for modeling demographic data in Resource Description Framework/Web Ontology Language. It is built upon the Basic Formal Ontology and conforms to Open Biomedical Ontologies Foundry’s best practices. We report recent development of OMRSE which includes representations of organizations, roles, facilities, demographic data, enrollment in insurance plans, and data about socio-economic indicators. OMRSE’s coverage has been expanding in recent years to include a wide variety of classes and has been useful in several biomedical applications.
Responsivity boosting in FIR TiN LEKIDs using phonon recycling: simulations and array design

To characterize further the cosmic star formation history at high redshifts, a large-area survey by a cryogenic 4-6 meter class telescope with a focal plane populated by tens of thousands of far-infrared (FIR, 30-300 μm) detectors with broadband detector noise equivalent powers (NEPs) on the order of 3×10^(-9) W/√ Hz is needed. Ideal detectors for such a surveyor do not yet exist. As a demonstration of one technique for approaching the ultra-low NEPs required by this surveyor, we present the design of an array of 96 350 µm KIDs that utilize phonon recycling to boost responsivity. Our KID array is fabricated with TiN deposited on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, which is a 2 μm thick layer of silicon bonded to a thicker slab of silicon by a thin oxide layer. The backside thick slab is etched away underneath the absorbers so that the inductors are suspended on just the 2 μm membrane. The intent is that quasiparticle recombination phonons are trapped in the thin membrane, thereby increasing their likelihood of being re-absorbed by the KID to break additional Cooper pairs and boost responsivity. We also present a Monte-Carlo simulation that predicts the amount of signal boost expected from phonon recycling given different detector geometries and illumination strategies. For our current array geometry, the simulation predicts a measurable 50% boost in responsivity.
In vivo Stem Cell Clonal Dynamics

Abstract Tremendous progress has been achieved in the characterization of the hematopoietic system over the past two decades. Historically, the main experimental approach used to elucidate and define these cellular relationships in the bone marrow (BM) has been the transplantation assay. For this reason, most of our knowledge about the in vivo properties of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells has been derived from studies in the transplant context. Because of the lack of tractable systems, the mechanistic nature of non-transplant hematopoiesis has remained largely unexplored. Over the past several years, my laboratory has developed novel genetic tools for the clonal tracing and imaging of hematopoietic populations in the unperturbed niche that aim to bring insight into the biology of stem and progenitor cells in situ. Our work using a transposon-mediated cellular tagging approach indicated that progenitors, and not the classical long-term HSCs, are the cells mainly responsible for the day-to-day production of blood cells in the adult. Our data also suggested that lineage restricted progenitors are the main contributors to hematopoiesis at steady state. These data represent the first systematic analysis of clonal fate in an unperturbed hematopoietic niche and revealed a novel cellular mechanism for homeostatic blood regeneration. We have now utilized this clonal tracing model to bring insight into the dynamics of stem and progenitor biology during embryonic hematopoiesis and in the severely aged hematopoietic system. These data will be discussed at the meeting. Disclosures Camargo: Cell Signaling Technologies: Consultancy; Vital Therapies: Consultancy.
Web services performance modeling and analysis

Understanding the characteristics of Web service performance has become critical for e-business applications. For the commercial success of these e-business services, the ability to deliver QoS (Quality of Services) guarantees is crucial. One often considers the percentile of response time as the QoS metric. Today, there is no mature solution to ensure that an e-business service can be guaranteed in term of the percentile of response time. In this paper, we first present a typical Web services model and then develop a method for the calculation of the percentile response time for the Web services performance. The obtained result can be used in the design of a computing system for Web services subject to the percentile response time guarantee.
Norbornylized Soybean Oil as Sustainable New Plasticizer for Rubbers with Hybrid Fillers

Carbon black (CB) and precipitated silica are two major reinforcing fillers in rubbers. CB/silica hybrid filler is also widely used in rubbers to provide balanced properties. CB/silica hybrid filler-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) containing naphthenic oil (NO), soybean oil (SO), and norbornylized SO (NSO) is investigated. Swelling and curing behavior, rheological, mechanical, thermal, aging, and dynamic properties are studied and compared with earlier reported data on CB- or silica-filled SBR. NSO provides better scorch safety and faster cure than SO. Compared with NO, the addition of SO and NSO enhances the thermal stability and aging resistance of SBR vulcanizates. SBR/NSO vulcanizates with hybrid filler exhibit a higher tensile and tear strength than SBR/NO and SBR/SO vulcanizates. A synergistic effect in abrasion resistance of vulcanizates containing the hybrid filler is observed. An increase of sulfur content in the hybrid filler-filled SBR/NSO vulcanizates provides a further improvement in abrasion resistance, wet traction and rolling resistance.
Basics of the Cytoskeleton: Myosins

The myosin superfamily of molecular motors plays essential roles in a wide variety of cellular processes by virtue of their ability to generate force and motion through an ATP-driven cyclic interaction with actin filaments. We provide an overview of the structure, function, and biophysical properties that are common to most characterized myosins and also include examples of how myosins are adapted to perform specific cellular functions. Since many myosins are implicated in disease conditions, a complete understanding of their cellular roles and biophysical properties is critical for developing treatments for these diseases.
Questioning Child Support Enforcement Policy for Poor Families

American law and culture have always assumed that providing for children economically is a private obligation, ordinarily belonging to the parents. The principal was given real teeth in 1975, when Congress enacted the federal-state child support enforcement program. The legislation's two related goals were to reduce childhood poverty and to reduce the welfare rolls. The goals were linked by the assumption that childhood poverty is largely attributable to the failure of absent parents (overwhelmingly fathers) to pay their fair share of child support, even though they are able to do so. Federal welfare policy originally assumed that custodial mothers would stay home to care for their children with support from the state as needed. The 1996 welfare reform legislation rejected this assumption, replacing it with the norm that virtually all parents, including those with infants, will work. The legislation is founded on the expectation that single parents should be able to support their children through work and child support and without public assistance. The 1996 welfare reforms were successful in reducing the number of people receiving TANF, at least until the Great Recession, but not in reducing childhood poverty. Moreover, information from a longitudinal study of about 5,000 children born in urban areas in the United States, called the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, shows that child support enforcement practices are actually harmful to many poor, nonmarital children and their custodial mothers, in some cases reducing economic support from the fathers and disrupting the fathers' relationships with the children. Given these perverse and harmful effects, this article argues that child support enforcement policy and practices as applied to families in which the parents are unmarried and poor should be rethought and reformed.
Nuclear structure of bound states of asymmetric dark matter

Models of Asymmetric Dark Matter (ADM) with a sufficiently attractive and long-range force gives rise to stable bound objects, analogous to nuclei in the Standard Model, called nuggets. We study the properties of these nuggets and compute their profiles and binding energies. Our approach, applicable to both elementary and composite fermionic ADM, utilizes relativistic mean field theory, and allows a more systematic computation of nugget properties, over a wider range of sizes and force mediator masses, compared to previous literature. We identify three separate regimes of nugget property behavior corresponding to (1) non-relativistic and (2) relativistic constituents in a Coulomb-like limit, and (3) saturation in an anti-Coulomb limit when the nuggets are large compared to the force range. We provide analytical descriptions for nuggets in each regime. Through numerical calculations, we are able to confirm our analytic descriptions and also obtain smooth transitions for the nugget profiles between all three regimes. We also find that over a wide range of parameter space, the binding energy in the saturation limit is an ${\cal O}(1)$ fraction of the constituent's mass, significantly larger than expectations in the non-relativistic case. In a companion paper, we apply our results to synthesis of ADM nuggets in the early Universe.
Eating and health behaviors in vegans compared to omnivores: Dispelling common myths.

Abstract Studies comparing eating behaviors in individuals avoiding meat and other animal products to omnivores have produced largely inconclusive findings, in part due to a failure to obtain sufficiently large samples of vegan participants to make meaningful comparisons. This study examined eating and health behaviors in a large community sample of dietary vegans (“vegans”), compared to omnivores. Participants (n = 578, 80.4% female) completed an online questionnaire assessing a range of eating- and other health-related attitudes and behaviors. Vegans (62.0%, n = 358) and omnivores (38.1%, n = 220) were comparable in terms of demographics. Vegans scored significantly lower than omnivores the Eating Disorder Examination - Questionnaire (multivariate p η p 2 ranging from η p 2
Origins and motivations for design rules in QCA

This chapter introduces the quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), what constructs can be made from it, and what constructs could be implementable in the near-to-midterm. It will also explain a systems-level research component that complements work in physical science. One objective of the systems-level track is to compile a set of design rules to not only help system designers become more involved with the evolution of emergent, nano-scale devices geared for computation, but it should also help us to reach computationally interesting, nano-scale systems in an accelerated time frame. The motivations for, and the origins of design rules for QCA (and other emergent technologies) will be explained here.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Does Laterality Predict Perinatal Outcomes?

Objective The objective of this study was to examine laterality as a predictor of outcomes among fetuses with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of pregnancies with CDH evaluated at our center from 2008 to 2016 compared cases with right-sided CDH (RCDH) versus left-sided CDH (LCDH). The primary outcome was survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes included ultrasound predictors of poor prognosis (liver herniation, stomach herniation, lung area-to-head circumference ratio [LHR]), concurrent anomalies, hydrops, stillbirth, preterm birth, mode of delivery, small for gestational age, use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and length of stay. Terminations and stillbirths were excluded from analyses of neonatal outcomes. Results In this study, 157 (83%) LCDH and 32 (17%) RCDH cases were identified. Survival to discharge was similar (64 vs. 66.4%, p = 0.49) with regard to laterality. RCDH had higher rates of liver herniation (90.6 vs. 72%, p = 0.03), hydrops fetalis (15.6 vs. 1.3%, p Conclusion Compared with LCDH, fetuses with RCDH had higher rates of adverse ultrasound predictors, but equivalent survival.
Educational Objectives and Supervisors’ Perceptions in a Psychiatric Clerkship: A Comparison

Eighty-three percent of 116 supervisors responded to a questionnaire derived from the content of the psychiatry clerkship objectives. There was almost unanimous agreement on the data-gathering and data-integrating skills, i.e., basic interviewing skills, but less on management skills and core knowledge. Overall, the results indicated that most of the objectives are being taught. There is a high degree of concordance between core faculty who developed the teaching objectives and supervising faculty who implement them.
Nano-indentation Studies of Polyglactin 910 Monofilament Sutures

Nano-indentation studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM) were introduced to investigate the effects of hydrolysis degradation on mechanical properties of polyglactin 910 monofilament sutures. The polyglactin 910 sutures were immersed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution of pH 5, 7.4, 10 without enzyme and pH 7.4 with esterase enzyme. After that, the samples were incubated at 37 oC under an oscillation of 80 rpm. Samples were removed for testing after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The effects of degradation on gradation of Young’s modulus values across fiber cross-section were studied by doing progressive nano-indentation from center to surface of cross section of the sutures. Results indicate that the pH 7.4 condition hydrolysis degradation did not have a significant impact on variation of Young’s modulus values of the polyglactin 910 sutures from the center to the surface after different degradation times. And the Young’s modulus from the original samples to sutures after 4 weeks degradation have a decreasing trend, but not including the first week. Then the SEM, FTIR and Tensile test were conducted to investigate the mechanical and chemical properties of polyglactin 910 monofilament sutures.
Riemann Hypothesis and Inverse Spectral Problems

In this chapter, we provide an alternative formulation of the Riemann hypothesis in terms of a natural inverse spectral problem for fractal strings. After stating this inverse problem in Section 9.1, we show in Section 9.2 that its solution is equivalent to the nonexistence of critical zeros of the Riemann zeta function on a given vertical line.
Characterization of a membrane protein from brain mediating the inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding by calcium

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) is a component of the phosphoinositide second-messenger system which mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Recently, an InsP3 receptor binding protein from rat cerebellar membranes was solubilized and purified to homogeneity. The potent inhibition by Ca2+ of [3H]InsP3 binding to the InsP3 receptor in cellular membranes is not apparent in the purified receptor. The Ca2+-dependent inhibition of [3H]InsP3 binding in the crude homogenate (concn. giving 50% inhibition = 300 nM) can be restored by addition of solubilized cerebellar membranes to the purified receptor. In the present study, we further characterize the protein in solubilized membranes which confers Ca2+-sensitivity to the receptor, and which we term ‘calmedin’. Calmedin appears to be a neutral membrane protein with an estimated Mr of 300,000 by gel filtration in the presence of Triton X-100. Calmedin confers a Ca2+-sensitivity to InsP3 receptor binding, which can be completely reversed by 10 min incubation with EDTA and therefore does not represent Ca2+-dependent proteinase action. Calmedin effects on the purified InsP3 receptor depend on Ca2+ binding to the calmedin, although Ca2+ also binds directly to the InsP3 receptor. The regional distribution of calmedin differs from that of the InsP3 receptor in the brain, suggesting that it also mediates other Ca2+-dependent functions. Calmedin activity in peripheral tissues is much lower than in brain.
Temperature Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Porphyridium cruentum and Anacystis nidulans

Cooling A. nidulans or P. cruentum from 26 °C to 4 °C results in progressive spectral changes. The most significant changes are increases in absorbance at 690 nm (photosystem II), 678 nm (antenna chlorophyll), 625 nm (phycocyanin), and 505 nm (electrochromic band). In the case of P. cruentum there are also increases in absorbance at 568 and 545 nm (B-phycoerythrin) and a decrease at 587 nm. The spectral changes in both organisms are accompanied by decreases at 703 nm (photosystem I or aggregated chlorophyll), 650 nm (allophycocyanin) and 486 nm (carotenoid). Heating A. nidulans or P. cruentum from 4 °C to 44 °C results in increases in absorbance at 705 nm (photosystem I) and 486 nm (carotenoid), accompanied by decreases at 690 nm (photo­ system II), 676 nm (antenna chlorophyll), 628 nm (phycocyanin), 507 nm (electrochromic band) and 469 nm (carotenoid). In the case of P. cruentum there are also decreases at 568 and 546 nm (B-phycoerythrin) and an increase at 587 nm. The possible origin of the spectral change at 587 nm. The possible origin of the spectral change at 587 nm is discussed. The spectral changes of the chlorophyll bands (703, 690, 678 nm) and the electrochromic band (502 nm) are associated with phase changes of the lipid membrane. Lowering the temperature results in a decrease of aggregated chlorophyll or photosystem I, and vice versa. These spectral changes are also observed in green chloroplasts. The spectral changes of the phycobilins may originate from a temperature dependent change of the ion balance of the thylakoid. A spectral change may result from the ensuring modification of the stacking or from an electrochromic effect.
Qualification of Gate drivers for Operation of High Voltage SiC MOSFETs and IGBTs

Smaller switching loss at higher switching frequency makes the 10kV and 15kV SiC MOSFETs and IGBTs competent to the medium voltage application. Due to exposure to fast voltage transitions at such high voltage level (10kV and 15kV), the gate drivers used in operation suffer through various challenges including insulation problems and common mode currents in power supply. Failure of gate drivers at such a high voltage may lead to catastrophic damage to the converter and surroundings. Therefore, it requires to qualify the gate drivers performance at 10kV to 15kV voltage level before implementing them in field operation. This paper describes an organized methodology for the qualification of gate drivers for High voltage SiC MOSFETs and IGBTs at higher switching frequency up to 20kHz.
Procyanidin B2 rich cocoa extracts inhibit inflammation in Caco-2 cell model of in vitro celiac disease by down-regulating interferon-gamma- or gliadin peptide 31-43-induced transglutaminase-2 and interleukin-15

Abstract The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of procyanidin B2 rich cocoa extracts on interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) or gliadin peptide p31-43-induced transglutaminase-2 and interleukin-15 (IL-15) in Caco-2 cell model of in vitro celiac disease. Cysteamine was used as a positive control inhibitor of TG2. Procyanidin B2-rich extract reduced IFN-γ- and gliadin p31-43-induced TG2 activity by 77% and 45%, respectively. Cocoa extract containing 4.9–289 µg/mL of procyanidin B2 dose-dependently reduced IFN-γ-induced IL-15 secretion to the level of IL-15 in control cells. Similarly, cocoa extract containing 4.9–289 µg/mL of procyanidin B2 dose-dependently reduced gliadin p31-43-induced IL-15 to the level in control cells. Procyanidin B2-rich cocoa extracts reduced the activities of other inflammatory biomarkers including COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in both IFN-γ and p31-43-treated Caco-2 cells. Caffeine or theobromine, at the concentration found in the cocoa extracts, did not contribute to the activity of procyanidin B2 against TG2 or IL-15.
Statistical Significance of Precursory Gravity Changes Before the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake

Author(s): Wang, L; Burgmann, R | Abstract: It is of paramount importance to independently assess the spatiotemporal uniqueness of a proposed regional precursor initiated a few months before the 2011 Mwn9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The precursor has been inferred from GRACE-derived gravitational gradient changes and has been interpreted as a large-scale aseismic movement of the subducting plate along the Japan Trench. We design a hypothesis test, which enables the rigorous assessment of the statistical significance of short-term gradient anomalies at any time in any place and the quantitative comparison of the resolved anomalies with the proposed precursory signal. We find that the proposed precursory changes are not statistically unique either in time or in space. Therefore, the precursor cannot be attributed to the proposed dynamic acceleration of the subduction process. Instead, such transient features more likely represent temporally correlated GRACE observation errors or signals associated with other processes.
Sharing Experiences Together: Within- and Across-Sector Collaboration among Public Preschool Educators

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: The current study explored the patterns of collaboration among early childhood educators in order to understand the extent to which collaborations exist for practitioners...
The Asceticism of Interpretation: John Cassian, Hermeneutical Askēsis, and Religious Ethics

Of the practices John Cassian (c.360–c.435) brings from Egyptian desert elders to southern Gallic monks, his scriptural hermeneutics best reflects the dynamic link between exegesis and askēsis, reflection and action, and authority and agency. His four-fold method reinforces the view that scripture is absolutely authoritative but incredibly obscure and therefore requires interpretation. Riddled with contradictions, acts of violence, and the plainly nonsensical, scripture provides foundations in early Christianity only through the complex interplay of interpretation, authority, and power. To read exegesis only as an intellectual exercise or assertion of power, however, neglects its relation to other forms of askēsis in Cassian’s Conferences and Institutes. For Cassian, scriptural interpretation renders lived practice and practical knowledge (praktikē) inseparable from contemplative knowledge (theōretikē). Cassian’s view of scriptural meditātiō is shaped in late antique Christian milieus where interpretive reading practices shape ascetic habits alongside practices of manual labor, fasting, and prayer. For Cassian and the Egyptian desert ascetics with whom he trained, scriptural interpretation does not lead to keen description or reflection alone, but must impact one’s practices, one’s tropos, one’s very way of life. Such a perspective allows us to see not only the relevance of Cassian’s ethics to Christian thought and practice, but also to approach Cassian’s texts with a critical eye for how they enable reflection on contemporary religious ethics beyond the particulars of Christian predicates.
Elevated international normalized ratio (INR) and new diagnosis of hepatitis C associated with severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP): A case report.

Abstract Background Severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), defined as a serum bile acid (SBA) level > 100 μmol/l, remains poorly understood in its mechanism and implications. Case A patient with a missed diagnosis of mild ICP went on to develop clinical jaundice and liver function abnormalities in the setting of newly diagnosed hepatitis C and severe ICP on repeat SBA testing. Conclusion This case highlights and adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the need for universal screening for hepatitis C in ICP patients and the potential role for repeat SBA testing, which would be a notable change from the traditional care of these individuals.