cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paying Before Consuming: Examining the Robustness of Consumers' Preference for Prepayment

Prior research on consumers’ preference for timing of payment suggests that consumers prefer to prepay for certain kinds of purchases (e.g., vacations) and postpay for others (e.g., washer dryers). This research extends this finding by first comparing preference for timing of payment for products that vary by type (hedonic vs. utilitarian) and durability (nondurable vs. durable) to reveal that it is only hedonic–nondurable products that elicit a preference for prepayment (study 1). The two studies that follow examine the robustness of the prepayment preference by (1) varying the favorability of the transaction (study 2), and, (2) by eliminating the choice of payment timing from the transaction (study 3). Results reveal that the preference for prepayment for hedonic–nondurable goods is robust when transaction characteristics are favorable but shifts when transaction characteristics are unfavorable. Furthermore, when the choice of payment timing is not offered, consumers become indifferent towards when they prefer to pay for hedonic–nondurable products. The implications of these findings for marketers and retailers are discussed.
Using controlled vocabularies to manage resource relationships: the KMODDL experience

The Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library (KMODDL) exemplifies digital collections in which groups of objects are versions of the same resource and which resources are related to one another taxonomically. Other objects in the collection are supplementary materials that explicitly cite the primary KMODDL resources. To manage the complex relationships among KMODDL objects while maintaining the DC one-to-one principle, metadata developers established controlled vocabulary encoding schemes that linked related objects. The solution implemented enables users to find all versions of a resource and all supplementary materials that cite the resource in a single search.
A quantitative adhesion test for thin polymer films on silicon substrates

The standard 90° peel test was modified in order to apply it to testing adhesion of thin polymer films to surfaces of silicon substrates, such as the silicon nitride passivation layer used in our solid-state chemical sensors. The goal of this task was to develop a procedure for testing adhesion of both dry and wet films, which would yield repeatable, quantitative results quickly, and with simple sample preparation. It is important to produce valid comparisons of adhesion both over variations of a given polymer composition, and between films made of dissimilar polymer matrices. The method described herein could be applied to adhesion testing of a wide variety of thin polymer layers to solid surfaces.
Willingness to Stepparent Attitudes About Partners Who Already Have Children

Marriage markets have become increasingly filled with those who already have children, which may discourage marriage. Research has generally failed to assess the role of prospective stepchildren in new union formation, particularly from the point of view of the men who might become their stepfathers. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), the authors examine willingness to marry someone who already has children as well as partners who have been previously married, are of a different religion or race, or are unlikely to hold a steady job. The most consistent determinants of attitudes toward stepparenthood are related to exposure to and/or approval of other nontraditional families, particularly the experience of own parenthood. This suggests that these unions could become more common in the future.
Multipole analysis of an elongated magnetic source by a cylindrical sensor array

This paper covers basics of the magnetic characterization of an elongated source. The core element of the work is to obtain a magnetic multipole image (MI) of the magnetic source in terms of the prolate spheroidal harmonic expansion, where the MI encapsulates all the main features of the external field of the source. A method for the prolate spheroidal multipole analysis of a magnetic source enclosed within a cylindrical measurement surface is developed. The spheroidal harmonic coefficients of the MI are restored from measurements of the x component of the magnetic field (B/sub x/) over a finite cylindrical array. The general form of B/sub x/ is expressed as a prolate spheroidal harmonic expansion. The harmonies (field patterns) of the expansion are classified by their symmetries about the axis of rotation and about the yz plane. The sets of linear independent patterns of unit intensity are calculated for all multipoles with a given type of symmetry. The sets of filtering K functions are developed, where the K functions are orthonormal to the field patterns of same symmetry. The expansion coefficients, which represent the multipole image of the source, are determined by matrix multiplication of the measured B/sub x/ and the K functions.
Hyperkalemia and Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism

Presentation of the Forum is made possible by grants from Hoechst-Roussel Pharmaceuticals Inc., Smith Kline & French Laboratories, G.D. Searle & Co., Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Division, Burroughs Wellcome Company, Geigy Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ciba Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Boehringer Ingel-heim Ltd.
Antifibrotic Effects of N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline on the Heart and Kidney in Aldosterone-Salt Hypertensive Rats

N -acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) inhibits not only hematopoietic cell proliferation but also fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro. Ac-SDKP also prevents collagen deposition and cell proliferation in the left ventricle (LV) in rats with renovascular hypertension (renin dependent). However, it is not clear whether Ac-SDKP has similar effects in a model of renin-independent hypertension (aldosterone-salt). Using a hypertensive rat model of cardiac and renal fibrosis created by chronic elevation of circulating aldosterone (ALDO) levels, we examined the effect of Ac-SDKP on blood pressure, cardiac and renal fibrosis and hypertrophy, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the LV and left kidney. Uninephrectomized rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) controls that received tap water, (2) rats that received ALDO (0.75 μg/h SC) and 1% NaCl/0.2% KCl in drinking water (ALDO-salt), (3) rats that received ALDO-salt plus Ac-SDKP 400 μg · kg −1 · day −1 SC, and (4) rats that received ALDO-salt plus Ac-SDKP 800 μg · kg −1 · d −1 SC. After 6 weeks of treatment, the ALDO-salt group was found to have significantly increased blood pressure with decreased body weight and plasma renin concentration ( P P P −1 · d −1 markedly prevented cardiac and renal fibrosis ( P
RESTORING NATIVE GRASSES AS VEGETATIVE BUFFERS IN A COASTAL CALIFORNIA AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE

ABSTRACT We investigated changes in vegetation composition of different grass buffer strips in a fragmented coastal agricultural landscape to evaluate the potential for native grass restoration of sites that receive agricultural runoff. Vegetative buffers bordering Elkhorn Slough, draining into Monterey Bay, California, were either seeded with a non-native annual grass (Hordeum vulgare) or with a mix of native perennial grasses (Bromus carinatus, Deschampsia cespitosa, Nassella pulchra), and above-ground biomass and cover of vegetation were measured over a 4-yr period. Based on preliminary results, we initiated a second, smaller-scale experiment to test establishment of native perennial grasses (Bromus carinatus, Elymus glaucus, Hordeum brachyantherum) at different seeding densities with combinations of non-native annual grasses (H. vulgare or Lolium multiflorum and Vulpia myuros) to optimize erosion control. In the first experiment, plots seeded with non-native annual grasses had greater biomass than nat...
structure, content, and cultural meaning of yuwipi: a modern Lakota healing ritual1

An analysis of the structure of a modern Lakota healing ritual and the kinds of problems treated by it reveals Lakota beliefs about the nature of humans and their relationship to the universe, including their experiences with acculturation. The first step in controlling the indeterminacy that is pervasive in Lakota life is recognizing and accepting the disorder. The agents of this control are certain spiritual beings and forces associated with identity symbols, which are identified and manipulated in the ritual.
An area-efficient, integrated, linear regulator with ultra-fast load regulation

We demonstrate a fully-integrated linear regulator for multi-supply-voltage microprocessors implemented in a 90 nm CMOS technology. Ultra-fast, single-stage load regulation achieves 0.54 ns response time at 94% current efficiency. This enables 10% peak-to-peak output noise for a 100 mA load step with only a small on-chip decoupling capacitor of 0.6 nF. A PMOS pull-up transistor in the output stage results in a small regulator area of 0.008 mm/sup 2/ and the 0.6 nF MOS capacitor area of 0.090 mm/sup 2/.
Perspective: The Ovarian Kaleidoscope Database—II. Functional Genomic Analysis of an Organ-Specific Database

In the postgenomic era, it is now possible to investigate the function of all human genes to provide an integrated view of physiology and pathophysiology. An organ-based approach has been used to set up a database integrating existing text-based literature on individual ovarian genes and their sequence-based data in the GenBank. The Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (OKdb) has accumulated nearly one thousand individual gene pages that are searchable based on gene function, cellular localization, chromosomal position, ovarian cell type, ovarian function, mutant phenotypes, and other criteria. The present review exemplifies the use of this organ-based database in setting up gene pathway maps for DNA array analysis, identifying key gene networks essential for infertility phenotypes, comparing chromosomal synteny regions for finding candidate fertility genes, categorizing cell-specific and hormonally coregulated genes for promoter analysis, and documenting potential ligands and receptors in the paracrine regulati...
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations on Ptygmatic Structures

Experiments using geometrically similar models were performed in an attempt to show that ptygmatic structures can be produced by the application of external compressional stress to an originally planar vein. The experiments consisted of the deformation of a single vein in various orientations, the deformation of two veins simultaneously and the deformation of conjugate shear veins. The model experiments illustrated that the intensity of deformation of the planar veins decreased as the angle to the major compressional stress increased. The fold wave lengths and amplitudes were found to be independent of both the amount of compressive load and the strain rate. The term “ptygmatic” should be restricted to those disharmonically folded veins which show no relation to the major regional structures.
CONTESTING THE WORLD AND THE DIVINE: BALTHASAR'S TRINITARIAN “RESPONSE” TO GIANNI VATTIMO'S SECULAR CHRISTIANITY

This essay joins the contemporary debate over the proper theological and philosophical hermeneutic for interpreting the phenomenon of secularism. The first part offers a sustained Balthasar-influenced critique of Gianni Vattimo's secular translation of Christianity. I argue that Vattimo's Heideggerian-Hegelian influenced reading of secularism as Christianity's proper telos is both philosophically and theologically problematic. Part Two of this article reads Balthasar's work as a response to the philosophical and theological underpinnings of Vattimo's thought. Balthasar would argue that it is in a more traditional, yet remarkably daring account of the Trinitarian relations that the “secular” finds both its ground and dignity.
Fracture Toughness Measurement of Glass and Ceramic Materials Using Chevron-Notched Specimens

Fracture toughness of several different materials was measured using chevronnotched short bar and four-point bend specimens For glass-ceramic and ceramic samples both specimens gave valid results. Fracture toughness values measured with bend specimens are 5% to 10% higher compared to those of the short bar. Consistent results for glass could be obtained only with short bar specimens. The notch width of the bend specimen affected the stability of crack growth in glass samples. Fracture toughness values measured in the present study are in good agreement with those of the previous studies.
Anxiety, Coping, and Disability: A Test of Mediation in a Pediatric Chronic Pain Sample

All correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Karen J. Kaczynski, PhD,Pain Treatment Service, Children’s Hospital, Boston, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.E-mail: karen.kaczynski@childrens.harvard.edu*Methods of this study are based on a study that was originally described in Claar RL, Scharff L. Parent andchild perceptions of chronic pain treatments. Children’s Health Care, 2007:36:285–301.Received October 1, 2010; revisions received and accepted March 14, 2011Objective To evaluate pain coping as a mediator of associations between anxiety and functional disabilityand anxiety and somatic symptoms in adolescents with chronic pain. Method Participants(mean age¼14.76 years, range: 12–17 years) included 280 patients (212 girls) with chronic pain whounderwent multidisciplinary evaluation at a tertiary pain clinic in a northeast pediatric hospital. Patientscompleted measures of current pain, anxiety, active, passive, and accommodative pain coping, functionaldisability, and somatic symptoms. Results Structural equation modeling was employed. The associationbetween anxiety and disability was fully mediated by passive coping. The association between anxiety andsomatic symptoms was not mediated by coping. Conclusions Links between anxiety symptoms andpain-related outcomes in adolescents with chronic pain are complex. Assessing how an adolescent copeswith his/her pain provides further understanding of this relationship.Key words adolescents; anxiety; chronic pain; mediation; pain coping; structural equation modeling.
The Jacobson Radical of Some Endomorphism Rings

In what follows, G always denotes an abelian group where OG is its zero and EG is its endomorphism ring. If S is a ring, then JS is to be its Jacobson radical, Os is to be its zero, while its unity, if any, is denoted by 1s. In ansver to a query of Jacobson’s [3, p. 23], Patterson [5] [4] showed that the Jacobson radical of the ring of row-finite matrices over S is the ring of row-finite matrices over JS if and only if JS has a right-vanishing condition due to Levitzki, namely that if b0,b1,... is any sequence chosen from JS, then there is a least non-negative integer n (depending upon the sequence) for which the product bO...bn (just bO if n = O) vanishes. If n depends only upon the initial sequence member b, then [4] this sort of right vanishing is called uniform.
Intellectual Activism and the Practice of Public Interest Law

Intellectual activism is both a philosophy and a practice for engaging in scholarship relevant to real-world problems and challenges, putting its prescriptions into action, and learning from the process and results of implementation. In the legal context, intellectual activism involves conducting and publishing original research and analysis and then applying that work to the tasks of reforming and improving the law, legal systems, and the legal profession. This article explores the concept and practice of intellectual activism for the benefit of interested law professors, lawyers, and law students.This is a very personal piece, grounded in extensive scholarly, public education, and advocacy work that I have done in two areas: (1) fostering the enactment of workplace anti-bullying legislation and building public awareness of the phenomenon of bullying at work; and (2) participating in an emerging legal and social movement to challenge the widespread, exploitative practice of unpaid internships. It also discusses my involvement in multidisciplinary networks and institutions that have nurtured my work, examines the relevant use of social media, and provides examples of how law students can function as intellectual activists. This article closes with an Appendix containing a short annotated bibliography of books that are broadly relevant to the topics discussed in the text.
Chapter 19 – Breast and Prostate Cancers: A Comparison of Two Endocrinologic Malignancies

Prostate and breast cancers are two common malignancies that have some striking and surprising similarities. As we know, they are both tumors of accessory sex organs and both are characterized primarily by being epithelial, hormone-driven malignancies, which respond to so-called “endocrine therapy.” They constitute the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States for men and women, respectively. In both cancers, there is often a latency period spanning many years from the time of diagnosis of the primary tumor to the development of metastasis. Recent research has revealed that both breast and prostate cancer are complex and heterogeneous disease processes that encompass multiple pathologies with variable treatment options, as opposed to one distinct disease with a uniform treatment. A great deal of experimental and clinical research has been undertaken for each of these cancers resulting in many new strategies of care. Until recently, this has been truer for breast cancer than for prostate cancer. This is partly due to the fact that breast cancer was recognized centuries before prostate cancer, and that it is a more accessible organ. More important reasons are the early vigorous advocacy of breast cancer survivors for research support and the misconception that prostate cancer was an “old man’s disease” meriting little concern. More recently, support for and progress in prostate cancer research has greatly expanded.
Dosimetry Evaluation of Custom Made Eye Plaque for Brachytherapy of Ocular Melanoma

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, cerebellum, temporal lobe, and occipital lobe, respectively. The incidence of brain metastases in the dominant hemisphere was 97% (pZ0.01). The LC for the entire cohort was 88%. The actuarial overall survival (OS) was 26%. No patients experienced RTOG grade 3 toxicities. Breast cancer pts had a longer median actuarial OS (9 mos) vs. other histologies (5 mos). Chi-square analysis showed that metastasectomy prior to SRS was a statistically significant predictor for better LC (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Our data reveal increased seeding of brain metastases to the dominant hemisphere and brain lobes with higher blood flow. It is unclear whether these metastatic lesions have better or worse prognosis/response to SRS. More studies are warranted to explore the option of dose painting (escalating or de-escalating) based on brain hemisphere dominancy, lobe, and blood flow. Author Disclosure: W.F. Mourad: None. P. Lasala: None. L. Hong: None. R. Young: None. S. Patel: None. R. Kabarriti: None. T. Santiago: None. R.A. Shourbaji: None. B.M. Rabatic: None. D. Zaenger: None. J.L. Fox: None. C. Guha: None. S. Kalnicki: None. M.K. Garg: None.
Design and multiphysics analysis of a 176 MHz continuous-wave radio-frequency quadrupole

We have developed a new design for a 176 MHz cw radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) for the SARAF upgrade project. At this frequency, the proposed design is a conventional four-vane structure. The main design goals are to provide the highest possible shunt impedance while limiting the required rf power to about 120 kW for reliable cw operation, and the length to about 4 meters. If built as designed, the proposed RFQ will be the first four-vane cw RFQ built as a single cavity (no resonant coupling required) that does not require π -mode stabilizing loops or dipole rods. For this, we rely on very detailed 3D simulations of all aspects of the structure and the level of machining precision achieved on the recently developed ATLAS upgrade RFQ. A full 3D model of the structure including vane modulation was developed. The design was optimized using electromagnetic and multiphysics simulations. Following the choice of the vane type and geometry, the vane undercuts were optimized to produce a flat field along the structure. The final design has good mode separation and should not need dipole rods if built as designed, but their effect was studied in the case of manufacturing errors. The tuners were also designed and optimized to tune the main mode without affecting the field flatness. Following the electromagnetic (EM) design optimization, a multiphysics engineering analysis of the structure was performed. The multiphysics analysis is a coupled electromagnetic, thermal and mechanical analysis. The cooling channels, including their paths and sizes, were optimized based on the limiting temperature and deformation requirements. The frequency sensitivity to the RFQ body and vane cooling water temperatures was carefully studied in order to use it for frequency fine-tuning. Finally, an inductive rf power coupler design based on the ATLAS RFQ coupler was developed and simulated. The EM design optimization was performed using cst Microwave Studio and the results were verified using both hfss and ansys . The engineering analysis was performed using hfss and ansys and most of the results were verified using the newly developed cst Multiphysics package.
PM-19DEVELOPMENT OF A PANEL OF PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT (PDX) MODELS FROM BRAIN METASTASES

BACKGROUND: Most common models of brain metastases are developed from established cell lines selected for brain tropism. We hypothesized that PDX models derived from brain metastases would maintain brain tropism and more faithfully maintain features of primary brain metastases. METHODS: Resected brain metastases were used to establish PDX models. Survival was assessed following intracranial or intracardiac injection of explant cultures. Radiation response was assessed using 20 Gy in 5 fractions. RESULTS: From January 1, 2013 to May 31, 2014, 41 brain metastases from 40 patients were implanted into athymic mice, and 25 of 34 (74%) models implanted more than 3 months ago could be serially transplanted. These include 9 melanoma, 7 non-small lung (NSCLC), 1 small-cell lung, 4 gastro-intestinal (pancreas, esophagus, colorectal), and 2 breast cancers. Intracardiac injection of 1E5 cells resulted in consistent development of multiple brain metastases in models from NSCLC (M5), melanoma (M2, M12, M15), but not esophageal (M7). In a titration study, intracardiac injection of 1E5, 1E4, and 1E3 cells resulted in a median survivals of: M12 - 31, 59, and 167 days; M15 - 70, 107 and 192 days, respectively. Direct intracranial injection of tumor cells resulted in large, unifocal brain tumors with histology similar to the original patient tumor. Median survivals were: M1 - 63 days, M2 - 46 days, M5 - 12 days, M7 - 43, M15 - 10 days, M20 - 14 days. Using established intracranial tumors, radiation significantly extended survival compared to sham irradiation in breast (M1: median survival >132 vs. 48 days) and esophageal (M7: 75 vs. 43 days) models but not in melanoma models (M2: 52 vs. 52 days; M12, 22 vs. 18 days). CONCLUSIONS: These brain metastasis PDX models may be useful for basic mechanistic studies of metastatic behavior and translational studies of novel therapeutic strategies.
Selenium-75: an autoradiographic study of its disposition in cartilage and bone.

SummaryFollowing incubation of cartilage slices in a solution with Na275SeO4, or injection of Na275SeO4 into suckling rats, radioactivity is detected autoradiographically in long bones and cartilages. Histochemical examination revealed that the Se75 is associated with the protein rather than the polysaccha-ride or mineral components of these tissues. The disposition of Se75 in long bones resembles that seen after the injection of C14-labeled ammo acids.
Naturalness implies intra-generational degeneracy for decoupled squarks and sleptons

The supersymmetry (SUSY) flavor, $CP$, gravitino and proton-decay problems are all solved to varying degrees by a decoupling solution wherein first/second generation matter scalars would exist in the multi-TeV regime. Recent models of natural SUSY presumably allow for a coexistence of naturalness with the decoupling solution. We show that if sfermions are heavier than $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$, then a small first/second generation contribution to electroweak fine-tuning requires a rather high degree of intra-generational degeneracy of either 1. (separately) squarks and sleptons, 2. (separately) left- and right-type sfermions, 3. members of $SU(5)$ multiplets, or 4. all members of a single generation, as in $SO(10)$. These (partial) degeneracy patterns required by naturalness hint at the necessity of an organizing principle and highlight the limitations of models such as the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model in the case of decoupled first/second generation scalars.
A Family of Photolabile Nitroveratryl-Based Surfactants That Self-Assemble into Photodegradable Supramolecular Structures

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a family of photolabile nitroveratryl-based surfactants that form different types of supramolecular structures depending on the alkyl chain lengths ranging from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. By incorporating a photocleavable α-methyl-o-nitroveratryl moiety, the surfactants can be degraded, along with their corresponding supramolecular structures, by light irradiation in a controlled manner. The self-assembly of the amphiphilic surfactants was characterized by conductometry to determine the critical concentration for the formation of the supramolecular structures, transmission electron microscopy to determine the size and shape of the supramolecular structures, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the hydrodynamic diameter of the structures in aqueous solutions. The photodegradation of the surfactants and the supramolecular structures was confirmed using UV–vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and DLS. This surfactant family could be potentially usefu...
Flight Activity of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Relationship to Placement of Yellow Traps in Bell Pepper

Yellow traps placed 30 cm above ground level in bell peppers caught significantly more Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) adults than did traps placed 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm above the ground. Plant height and growth stage did not appear to influence trap catches. L. trifolii activity was diurnal in nature, with 82.4% of total catches being made in an 8-h core period from 1100 to 1900 hours (CDT). Few differences in male versus female leafminer catches were noted. Both sexes of L. trifolii appeared equally responsive to yellow traps regardless of trap height or time of day.
The nature and dynamics of soil organic matter: Plant inputs, microbial transformations, and organic matter stabilization

Abstract This review covers historical perspectives, the role of plant inputs, and the nature and dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM), often known as humus. Information on turnover of organic matter components, the role of microbial products, and modeling of SOM, and tracer research should help us to anticipate what future research may answer today's challenges. Our globe's most important natural resource is best studied relative to its chemistry, dynamics, matrix interactions, and microbial transformations. Humus has similar, worldwide characteristics, but varies with abiotic controls, soil type, vegetation inputs and composition, and the soil biota. It contains carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, phenol-aromatics, protein-derived and cyclic nitrogenous compounds, and some still unknown compounds. Protection of transformed plant residues and microbial products occurs through spatial inaccessibility-resource availability, aggregation of mineral and organic constituents, and interactions with sesquioxides, cations, silts, and clays. Tracers that became available in the mid-20th century made the study of SOM dynamics possible. Carbon dating identified resistant, often mineral-associated, materials to be thousands of years old, especially at depth in the profile. The 13C associated with C3 C4 plant switches characterized slow turnover pools with ages ranging from dozens to hundreds of years. Added tracers, in conjunction with compound-specific product analysis and incubation, identified active pools with fast turnover rates. Physical fractionations of the intra- and inter-aggregate materials, and those associated with silt and clay, showed that all pools contain both old and young materials. Charcoal is old but not inert. The C:N ratio changes from 25 to 70:1 for plant residues to 6 to 9:1 for soil biota and microbial products associated with soil minerals. Active, slow and passive (resistant) pool concepts have been well used in biogeochemical models. The concepts discussed herein have implications for today's challenges in nutrient cycling, biogeochemistry, soil ecosystem functioning, pollution control, feeding the expanding global population and global change.
The Natural History of Equisetum in Costa Rica

Se presenta una sene de observaciones sobre la historia natural de las cuatro equisetineas que se encuentran en Costa Rica. Equisetum bogotense es una planta pequena cuya distribucion abarca desde este pais hasta Argentina. Abunda en paredones, claros y orillas de cauces de agua entre los 1000 Y los 2900 m de altitud. No muestra comportamiento estacional) sino que en toda epoca se propaga y fructifica. Al sufrir dano sus apices, produce abundantes ramas laterales; en sitios soleados produce estrobitos y se quedan cortas las plantas. En sombra o en matorral tiende a crecer hasta casi 2 m con habito rastrero, pero no produce esporas. Al sufrir erosion sus localidades, los rizomas arrastrados por el agua colonizan facilmente los terrenos aluviales. Dos especies gigantescas de Equisetum habitan en lugares pantanosos entre los 550 y 1400 en de altitud. Equisetum giganteum fue hallado en la region sud oeste de la Meseta Central; E. myriochaetium solo en un sitio, Canaan, cerca de San Isidro del General, aunque existen ejemplares de anos recientes de la region de Cartago. Equisetum Xschaffneri , que se interpreta como hibrido de estas dos especies, fue hallado en seis sitios en el oeste y sudeste de la Meseta Central. Estos equisetos grandes sobrviven con dificultad cuando otra vegetacion se desarrolla hasta producirles sombra, que parace impedir la produccion de estrobilos y el desarrollo de los gametofitos.
The Reform Exploration of the Course of Probability Statistics in Business Universities

The article proposes the reform of the course of probability statistics,including,choosing the direction,profes- sional and various teaching content;using the diversity,flexibility and innovative teaching methods;enhancing the math ex- periment class and math building class teaching:emphasising on linking theory with practice and culturing the students' practice capacity.
Giant Aneurysms of the Carotid and Middle Cerebral Arteries

This paper will focus on the operative management of patients with giant aneurysms of the carotid and middle cerebral arteries. These comprise approximately 70% of the giant intracranial aneurysms upon which the author has operated. The carotid sites include ophthalmic (Ophth), posterior communicating (PCA), and anterior choroidal (ACh) arteries, and the internal carotid artery bifurcation (ICAB). These cases occurred in the author’s personal experience with over 700 aneurysms. This data and the location of the operated aneurysms is summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Although there are many similarities in the management of all patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) from aneurysms, specific details of these locations will be stressed.
A key-centric processor architecture for secure computing

We describe a novel key-centric processor architecture in which each piece of data or code can be protected by encryption while at rest, in transit, and in use. Using embedded key management for cryptographic key handling, our processor permits mutually distrusting software written by different entities to work closely together without divulging algorithmic parameters or secret program data. Since the architecture performs encryption, decryption, and key management deeply within the processor hardware, the attack surface is minimized without significant impact on performance or ease of use. The current prototype implementation is based on the Sparc architecture and is highly applicable to small to medium-sized processing loads.
Yes, we do give frequent flyer (S)miles

A biopsychosocial understanding of frequent emergency department users can improve their care, reduce use of medical resources, and prove rewarding to physicians. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Search Efficiency in Genetic Algorithms

The paper examines significant issues surrounding the efficiency of numerical search in a genetic algorithm based optimization process. Of particular interest are issues related to the performance of genetic algorithms in the presence of high-dimensionality design spaces, comparative performance of binary and real coded genetic algorithms in problems with design variables that are a mix of continuous, discrete and integer type, and adaptations in problems where the design strings themselves may be of variable lengths. Illustrative examples are included in support of the concepts germane to the discussion.
Pension Fund Herding and Stock Returns

This paper examines the daily trading activity of 590 pension fund managers from 19992008. We find that pension funds engage in significant herding, and that this herding forecasts stock returns. The stocks most heavily bought by pension funds outperform the stocks most heavily sold by pension funds over the subsequent week. However, this effect fully reverses over longer horizons. The stocks most heavily bought by pension funds underperform the stocks most heavily sold by pension funds by over 4% over the subsequent year. Our results suggest that pension fund herding has a destabilizing effect on stock prices.
Relationship Educator Experiences of Couple Improvement and Group Dynamics in Relationship Education With Low-Income Couples:

Relationship education (RE) interventions improve relationship quality and distress; yet, little is known about the origins of positive gains derived from RE. Couples identified benefits from the g...
Knowledge, Sociology of

This entry examines four broad stages in the development of the sociology of knowledge, the subfield focused on the relationship between various processes and products of human cognition (including ideas, ideologies, scientific theories, religious, philosophical and political doctrines, moral beliefs, mental categories, cultural and organizational discourses, and the forms and practices of everyday knowing) and their sociocultural origins and consequences. Sociological examination of this relationship has involved linking intellectual products and processes to factors such as sociohistorical contexts, material and cultural conditions, modes of production, power relationships, institutional arrangements, internal organizational processes, and various social positions and interests. The stages identified in the development of the subfield are as follows: first, the long period from antiquity to the early twentieth century, during which thinkers moved from frequent general claims about the social bases and effects of various types of ideas to more specific casual statements, seen in Marx's analysis of the material foundations of ideology and in Durkheim's studies of the social origins of the categories of human thought; second, the period from 1920 to 1965, when the sociology of knowledge emerged, in Europe and the USA, as a distinct theory-and-research subfield, initially in the writings of Mannheim and Scheler, which accented the subfield's epistemological and political implications, and then in the more research-oriented work of Merton and others; third, the period from 1965 to 1985, when the sociology of knowledge largely disappeared as a recognized speciality owing to the rise of new, more empirically focused, subfields and other exogenous factors; and fourth, the period from the mid-1980s to the present, during which the sociology of knowledge has undergone a revival—a revival now pulled in contrary directions by broad-constructionist and narrow-constructionist agendas for the subfield's future development.
Straumann Assumes Role of Manufacturer

The Straumann Institute, as the company was officially referred to, joined the AO as co-producer following the implant corrosion resolution (this process is described in Chap. 15). When Reinhard Straumann (1892–1967), who met AO co-founder Hans Willenegger through their Rotary Club connection, accepted the challenge to help with the metallurgical investigation, he also made a deal with Willenegger to become an AO implant producer.
The Embodiment and Enactment of Funds of Knowledge among Latina/o University Outreach Staff

Using a funds of knowledge framework, this qualitative case study focuses on Latina/o staff in a college outreach program. Findings suggest the success of the outreach program is influenced by staf...
Improving the Accuracy and Quality of Wireless Coverage Measurements using Autonomous Drones and Wheeled Robots

Wireless measurements are critical to the deployment of advanced wireless systems such as WiFi, 4G LTE, and 5G. Detailed measurement data are required to map the level and quality of coverage for service level agreements (SLA), to characterize interference prior to and after deployment, and to characterize and optimize handoff regions. These often- repetitive measurements are time consuming, labor intensive, and prone to human error, especially when performed repetitively. Traditional methods include pushing a cart or carrying a backpack and laptop for performing wireless measurements. This paper discusses the work we are doing to improve the wireless coverage measurement process through automation. For small to medium indoor venues we are experimenting with wheeled robotic platforms, and for large venues such as stadiums, we are experimenting with using UAV's (drones) for mapping wireless coverage. Robot and UAV based platforms provide superior localization and higher resolution and quality data than conventional manual methods.
Opening the Door to Nature: Accounting for People’s Constraints to Nature-based Recreation

Although millions of people recreate in parks, forests, and other conservation areas in the United States every year, research shows that some are left out; not everyone takes advantage of natural areas for the numerous benefits nature-based recreation provides. Results show that many people who do not participate in nature-based recreation feel constrained by their quality of time, not the quantity of time. In other words, they're saying, "Prove to me that it's worth my time to go out in nature. Show me something cool!" Based on research conducted in Hillsborough County, Florida and similar studies, this 6-page fact sheet written by Margaret E. Gullion and Taylor Stein and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation addresses identifies strategies to improve the opportunities natural areas can provide a diverse public. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr415
Comparison of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in pediatric patients when given with dexrazoxane versus a continuous infusion

9044 Background: Despite the effectiveness of doxorubicin (D) in sarcomas, its use is limited by cardiotoxicity. Both delivery by continuous infusion (CI) and use of the cardioprotectant dexrazoxan...
Make It 'Til You Fake It

We study a dynamic model of fraud and trust-building featuring two parties: a principal, who has limited power of commitment and who wishes to accept real projects and reject fake ones, and an agent, who is either an ethical type that produces only a real project, or a strategic type that produces a real project but can also choose to generate a fake. Producing a real project takes a positive and uncertain amount of time, while a fake project can be manufactured instantaneously at some cost. In the unique equilibrium, the strategic agent randomizes the timing of fraud and the principal randomizes between acceptance and rejection. As time passes without a submission, the principal's belief that the agent is ethical grows until the point when she fully trusts the agent and accepts any subsequent submission with certainty. We explore several institutional remedies designed to improve the principal's welfare. These include: an imperfect auditing technology, opaque standards, commitment to suppress fraud, and requiring submissions to occur on a specified date.
Metabolic changes in human brain evolution

Because the human brain is considerably larger than those of other primates, it is not surprising that its energy requirements would far exceed that of any of the species within the order. Recently, the development of stem cell technologies and single-cell transcriptomics provides novel ways to address the question of what specific genomic changes underlie the human brain's unique phenotype. In this review, we consider what is currently known about human brain metabolism using a variety of methods from brain imaging and stereology to transcriptomics. Next, we examine novel opportunities that stem cell technologies and single-cell transcriptomics provide to further our knowledge of human brain energetics. These new experimental approaches provide the ability to elucidate the functional effects of changes in genetic sequence and expression levels that potentially had a profound impact on the evolution of the human brain.
The research of measles early warning system in Dushanzi district, Karamay city, Xinjiang

Purpose To provide effective guidance for the region measles epidemic prevention and control through the establishment of measleswaming line in Dushanzi District.Methods Using Autoregressire Integrated Moving Average Model (AIMRA) to establish the measles warning limits in Dushanzi district.Result By fitting ARIMA (2,1,1) x (0,1,1) 12 model and through the retrospective verification,The average absolute error of this model is 0.67.Conclusion The ARIMA model can be used to establish of measles warning limits in Dushanzi District and will play an positive guiding role in the future. Key words: measles; model; warning
Tunable optical properties of push-pull chromophores: End group effect

Abstract A series of A-π-D-π-A type symmetrical push−pull chromophores with various end groups (e.g., trifluoroacetone, indanone, dicyano, isoxazolone and pyrazolinone) linked through a symmetric π–conjugated backbone (EDOT-phenylene vinylene-EDOT) was synthesized. The effect of end group tuning on optical properties was intensively investigated by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT calculations. A broad range of chromophores showing strong absorption was achieved with a fine alteration of the electron-accepting strength of the terminal acceptors. The optical investigation demonstrated that their low optical band gap (1.8-2.2 eV) combined with outstanding molar absorptivity (45,000-101,500 M-1 cm-1) which would provide strong light-capturing capability.
Management of the Distal Ureter in Radical Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Introduction: Management of the distal ureter during laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is controversial. The aim of this review was to determine whet...
Using Intervention Mapping to Developmentally Adapt an Online HIV Risk Reduction Program for Adolescent Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) experience a dramatic health disparity in HIV, accounting for over 80% of new diagnoses among youth. Current evidence-based HIV prevention programs, however, focus primarily on adults and heterosexual youth, thereby missing the unique experiences and socio-environmental contexts of AMSM aged 13–18. To address these gaps, we used the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol to developmentally adapt an existing evidence-based online HIV risk reduction program (i.e., Keep it Up!/KIU!), originally designed for young adult MSM aged 18–29, into a new intervention called SMART Squad. Using a hybrid of IM creation and adaptation tasks, we specified three behavioral outcomes and identified corresponding performance objectives for SMART Squad based on the original goals of KIU!. We constructed matrices of change objectives using determinants from the Information–Motivation–Behavioral Skills model, modifying them for the younger population with additional theoretical and empirical evidence and expert review. SMART Squad activities were operationalized from theory-based behavior change methods matched to the change objectives and guided by program themes, components, and scope imported from KIU!. The final SMART Squad intervention comprises 6 episodes/modules delivered in 2 sessions plus 2 booster episodes occurring 1 and 3 months after the main program. It is currently being evaluated nationally as part of a stepped-care package of 3 programs, in which the receipt and sequencing of interventions is tailored to individual AMSM development and needs. Despite substantial changes to KIU!, IM was a useful method for retaining the hypothesized essential elements of the eHealth HIV risk reduction program. Challenges and recommendations for future researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Gastrointestinal Myeloid Sarcoma.

Gastrointestinal Myeloid Sarcoma A 59-year-old man who had undergone hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia presented with a 3-month history of abdominal pain after eati...
Insights into the mutational burden of human induced pluripotent stem cells using an integrative omics approach

To understand the mutational burden of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we whole genome sequenced 18 fibroblast-derived iPSC lines and identified different classes of somatic mutations based on structure, origin and frequency. Copy number alterations affected 295 kb in each sample and strongly impacted gene expression. UV-damage mutations were present in ~45% of the iPSCs and accounted for most of the observed heterogeneity in mutation rates across lines. Subclonal mutations (not present in all iPSCs within a line) composed 10% of point mutations, and compared with clonal variants, showed an enrichment in active promoters and increased association with altered gene expression. Our study shows that, by combining WGS, transcriptome and epigenome data, we can understand the mutational burden of each iPSC line on an individual basis and suggests that this information could be used to prioritize iPSC lines for models of specific human diseases and/or transplantation therapy.
Assessment of the COVID-19 Vaccine Program: Impact of the No Mask Mandate Executive Order in the State of Texas

On March 10, 2021, a new executive order to lift the mask mandate and allow businesses to open at 100 percent capacity, went into effect in the U.S. state of Texas. This was due to the decrease in the daily number of COVID-19 cases and deaths as the state continues to vaccinate the population. A simple compartmental model was used to assess the implications of the executive order on the ongoing vaccination program. Our simulation shows that approximately 51% of the entire population needs to be fully vaccinated to bring the control reproduction number to a value less than one (threshold condition needed for disease elimination) as compared to the 14.32% that has been fully vaccinated as of March 31, 2021. Hence, the need for an aggressive vaccination program if the state is to open businesses to full capacity and do not require the use of a face mask by the general public.