cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prokaryotic diversity, distribution, and insights into their role in biogeochemical cycling in marine basalts

We used molecular techniques to analyze basalts of varying ages that were collected from the East Pacific Rise, 9 degrees N, from the rift axis of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and from neighboring seamounts. Cluster analysis of 16S rDNA terminal restriction fragment polymorphism data revealed that basalt endoliths are distinct from seawater and that communities clustered, to some degree, based on the age of the host rock. This age-based clustering suggests that alteration processes may affect community structure. Cloning and sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes revealed 12 different phyla and subphyla associated with basalts. These include the Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, the candidate phylum SBR1093 in the bacteria, and in the Archaea Marine Benthic Group B, none of which have been previously reported in basalts. We delineated novel ocean crust clades in the gamma-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Actinobacteria that are composed entirely of basalt-associated microflora, and may represent basalt ecotypes. Finally, microarray analysis of functional genes in basalt revealed that genes coding for previously unreported processes such as carbon fixation, methane oxidation, methanogenesis and nitrogen fixation are present, suggesting that basalts harbor previously unrecognized metabolic diversity. These novel processes could exert a profound influence on ocean chemistry.
The Influence of Radiation on Ice Crystal Spectrum in the Upper Troposphere

This theoretical study is carried out to investigate the effect of radiation on ice crystal spectrum in the upper troposphere. First, an explicit expression is obtained for the ice crystal growth rate that takes account of radiative and kinetic effects. Second, the expression is used to quantitatively analyze how radiation broadens the ice crystal spectrum and then reveal a new precipitation mechanism in the upper troposphere and the stratosphere. Third, the radiative effect is used to explain the subvisual clouds near the tropopause.
Retinohypothalamic Projections and the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Birds

Although many investigators have examined retinal projections in birds, there is uncertainty as to the location and identity of a retinorecipient nucleus in the hypothalamus of Aves. A direct retinohy
Developing the ETSI Aurora advanced distributed speech recognition front-end and what next?

The ETSI STQ-Aurora DSR working group is developing the standard for the advanced DSR front-end. One of the main goals of the advanced front-end is improved robustness to noise compared to the existing ETSI DSR standard for the Mel-cepstrum front-end. The purpose of the paper is firstly to inform the wider speech research community about this activity and then to promote discussion on what further needs there are for DSR front-end standards. The scope of the DSR standard is described and the set of performance requirements that Aurora has specified for the advanced front-end. An important part of this is the evaluation and characterisation of the performance of candidate front-ends on noisy databases, and an overview of these is given. As the competition to select the best proposal draws to a close (submission deadline 28/sup th/ November 2001) an interesting question is "What next?".
Matter–wave interference in Bose–Einstein condensates: A dispersive hydrodynamic perspective☆

Abstract The interference pattern generated by the merging interaction of two Bose–Einstein condensates reveals the coherent, quantum wave nature of matter. An asymptotic analysis of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in the small dispersion (semiclassical) limit, experimental results, and three-dimensional numerical simulations show that this interference pattern can be interpreted as a modulated soliton train generated by the interaction of two rarefaction waves propagating through the vacuum. The soliton train is shown to emerge from a linear, trigonometric interference pattern and is found by use of the Whitham modulation theory for nonlinear waves. This dispersive hydrodynamic perspective offers a new viewpoint on the mechanism driving matter–wave interference.
Prequential and Cross-Validated Regression Estimation

Prequential model selection and delete-one cross-validation are data-driven methodologies for choosing between rival models on the basis of their predictive abilities. For a given set of observations, the predictive ability of a model is measured by the model‘s accumulated prediction error and by the model‘s average-out-of-sample prediction error, respectively, for prequential model selection and for cross-validation. In this paper, given i.i.d. observations, we propose nonparametric regression estimators—based on neural networks—that select the number of “hidden units” (or “neurons”) using either prequential model selection or delete-one cross-validation. As our main contributions: (i) we establish rates of convergence for the integrated mean-squared errors in estimating the regression function using “off-line” or “batch” versions of the proposed estimators and (ii) we establish rates of convergence for the time-averaged expected prediction errors in using “on-line” versions of the proposed estimators. We also present computer simulations (i) empirically validating the proposed estimators and (ii) empirically comparing the proposed estimators with certain novel prequential and cross-validated “mixture” regression estimators.
A positive conglomerate test for the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) of the Emeishan Basalt from southwest China

A positive conglomerate test has been achieved on ten basalt clasts from a pyroclastic breccia in the Emeishan basaltic sequence from Southwest China. Nine basalt samples collected from a nearby lava flow yield ChRM directions similar to the northeasterly and shallow up directions reported from elsewhere in the basalt province. This effectively refutes the suggestion that this group of directions represents a remagnetization of as late as Jurassic or Triassic age. The difference between different sets of results from the Emeishan Basalt and the non-antipodality between the northeasterly directions and the reversed southwesterly down directions are likely to be due to a combination of minor structural rotations about vertical axes between the sampled localities, inaccuracy in determination of bedding attitude in massive basaltic rocks, and insufficient paleomagnetic sampling.
Theories of Medical Decision Making and Health: An Evidence-Based Approach:

In this special section of Medical Decision Making, 3 developers of evidence-based theories of medical decision making and health present their approaches: Fishbein (theory of reasoned action); Prochaska (transtheoretical model); and Reyna (fuzzy-trace theory). Spring, chair of the Evidence-Based Practice Committee of the Society for Behavioral Medicine, follows with a commentary on the 3 approaches and many other topics of keen interest to researchers concerned with the science of decision making and behavioral change, as applied to both patients and health care providers. Although this special section sprang from a symposium at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Medical Decision Making (SMDM), the authors have gone beyond their addresses to summarize the major findings and rationale for each of their positions. The practical payoff to the reader is a brief introduction to current theories that have evidence behind them, theories that are apt to improve assessments, prevention programs (e.g., risk communication), and intervention efforts in medical decision making and health, including decision aids.
The Experience of Anger in Chronic Illness: A Preliminary Investigation

The experience of anger was investigated in relation to essential hypertension, in particular, and chronic disease states, in general. A hypertensive patient group was compared to a chronic disease control group (diabetics) and a nonpatient normotensive control group on measures of anger expression, assertiveness, and perceptions of health status. The chronic patient groups differed significantly from the nonpatient controls in reporting more anger in general, greater frequency of anger experiences, and a tendency to express anger more outwardly. The chronic patient groups also reported greater severity of health problems. Comparisons between the hypertensives and diabetics revealed a greater level of current anger among diabetics. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for anger and chronic illness. Suggestions for future research regarding anger and hypertension also are made.
Milk processed at ultra-high-temperatures--a review.

Ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processing today may describe either a sterilization or a pasteurization process. This review primarily covers the sterilization process which involves heating milk at 130 to 150 C for 1 second or more and then packaging it aseptically. The main topics covered are: history, economics. and theoretical basis of UHT processing; common UHT processes and available aseptic packaging systems; microbial, nutritional, biochemical, and physical aspects of UHT milk; and the flavor of UHT milk.
An Efficiency-Based Approach to Stock Selection

This study investigates the relationship between operational efficiency and stock performance. The analysis is conducted by building an efficiency-based stock selection strategy and assessing its performance over different investment horizons in a contextual and empirical setting provided by the U.S. Information Technology sector. By means of data envelopment analysis (DEA), operational efficiency is quantified into an efficiency score representing a consolidated measure of financial ratios. Based on the rankings of the estimated efficiency scores, various portfolios are formed and their performance is evaluated relative to appropriate market indices and the strategic benchmarks. Our empirical findings demonstrate that there is a significant and positive relationship between operational efficiency and stock performance, and establish that operational efficiency has significant explanatory power in describing the cross-sectional variations of stock returns. This study further presents an economic argument that posits operational efficiency as a systematic risk factor and the most likely source of excess returns of investing in efficient firms.
Biased? Probably Not: How the Rule in Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. Affects Texas Administrative Law Judges and the Elected Appellate Judiciary

In “Biased? Probably Not: How the Rule in Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co. Affects Texas Administrative Law Judges and the Elected Appellate Judiciary,” author Adam Whitten describes the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Caperton, which requires judicial recusal when there is a likelihood of bias. Whitten then expands on the facts and history of the case, and follows with a discussion of the dissenting opinion and the case in light of other similar cases such as Citizens United. Additionally, Whitten discusses the authority and duty of Texas Administrative Law Judges and the role of the elected judiciary. The author proposes several solutions to the problems with judicial bias, including the elimination of agency hearing officers in contested cases and amending the government code to allow the State Commission on Judicial Conduct to hear cases involving State Office of Administrative (SOAH) judges. Whitten also describes a possible amendment to the circumstances for recusal which focuses on campaign contributions to the elected judiciary.
An Abused Spouse's Self-Saving Process: A Theory of Identity Transformation

Lofland and Stark (1965) put forward an empirically grounded theory of identity conversion to a millennium cult that has primarily been applied to religious contexts. Using largely retrospective ob...
COLLECTIVE VS INDIVIDUAL DOT RESPONSE OF QUANTUM DOT ENSEMBLES

Quantum dots are microscopic, essentially zero-dimensional structures, where the confining potential can be tailored through the material parameters and the geometry of confinement. A periodic ensemble of quantum dots is created by periodic etching or periodic gating, with the objective of creating a regular lattice of identical quantum dots. In the case of self assembled quantum dots, on the other hand, the individual dots may vary in size and the interdot separations are randomly distributed. Primary experimental tools employed to study the response of quantum dot ensembles have been the far infrared (FIR) spectroscopy and single electron charging (capacitance) studies. Theoretical studies are by and large based on model confining potentials (for the individual dots) and model electronelectron interactions. We examine in this paper the FIR response of an ensemble of quantum dots where the individual dots may have different intrinsic FIR responses and where the interdot distances may be randomly distributed. This is the experimental situation for the self assembled dots. It is intuitively clear that if the interdot distances are large, the dots will respond individually at their specific frequencies, and for an ensemble of dots that span a broad frequency range, one should expect a correspondingly broadened line shape. When the interdot separations are small, and the interdot interactions are strong, the possibility arises that the whole ensemble will respond at a single (or a few) collective frequencies, with narrow line widths. We develop here a formalism to determine the transition from the individual to the collective behavior.
Point mutations in the post-M2 region of human α-ENaC regulate cation selectivity

We tested the hypothesis that an arginine-rich region immediately following the second transmembrane domain may constitute part of the inner mouth of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) pore and, hen...
Developing a Performance Criteria for Stone Columns to Improve Surface Pavement for Weak Subgrade Conditions

Abstract Soft, saturated, fine grained subgrade soils are distinguished by their low undrianed shear strength and high compressibility. Such soils cover most of the middle and southern parts of Iraq. The effect of using stone column, encased in geogrid and steel mesh to improve pavement's performance is experimentally investigated and evaluated. To compare the experimental and analytical outputs, three dimensions finite element throughout elastic and elasto-plastic models using ABAQUS ver.6.12.3 software are developed to simulate and analyze the relations between the cycling load and deformation of the suggested pavement modes. Based on the results and the limitation of this study it is concluded that, using encased stone columns, is more practical and suitable alternative to improve weak subgrade against permanent deformation as compared with the other simulated pavement modes. The results of ABAQUS program are very close to results of laboratory tests.
Is there only One Correct Legal Answer to a Question of Fact? Three Talmudic Answers to a Jurisprudential Dilemma

This article focuses on questions of pure fact-of-the-matter and asks whether two omniscient judges (or jurists or scholars) may disagree over the legal answer to a straightforward question of a matter of fact. There are approaches to legal theory among some western and Jewish philosophers of law whereby at least superficially it is possible that two or more contradictory legal statements regarding a given reality can be equally correct. The article provides a critical analysis of three different models derived from the Jewish legal literature, and reviews the contributions of Jewish sources to the understanding of the phenomenon of disagreements concerning matters of fact.
Computerized Decision Support Case Study Research: Concepts and Suggestions

Supporting decision making is an important and potentially transformative research topic that is challenging for academic researchers to study. Anecdotal evidence suggests that computerized decision support systems (DSS) can improve decision quality and change the structure and functioning of organizations. To make progress in our understanding of this phenomenon there is an ongoing need for more decision support case study field research that includes documenting decision support impacts. Research case studies help understand the use and consequences associated with building and using computerized decision support. More descriptive and technical information about specific DSS will be helpful in explaining the variability of these technology artifacts. Current theory related to computerized decision support is inadequate and research case studies can potentially assist in theory building. The possibilities for improving and increasing decision support continue to evolve rapidly and research case studies can help define this expanding, changing field of study. More “good” case studies and more details about each specific case is useful, helpful, and a significant contribution to understanding how computing technologies can improve human decision making.
A decision model to estimate a risk threshold for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients

Essentials Low risk patients don't require venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis; low risk is unquantified. We used a Markov model to estimate the risk threshold for VTE prophylaxis in medical inpatients. Prophylaxis was cost-effective for an average medical patient with a VTE risk of ≥ 1.0%. VTE prophylaxis can be personalized based on patient risk and age/life expectancy. Summary Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common preventable condition in medical inpatients. Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for inpatients who are not at low risk of VTE, but no specific risk threshold for prophylaxis has been defined. Objective To determine a threshold for prophylaxis based on risk of VTE. Patients/Methods We constructed a decision model with a decision-tree following patients for 3 months after hospitalization, and a lifetime Markov model with 3-month cycles. The model tracked symptomatic deep vein thromboses and pulmonary emboli, bleeding events and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Long-term complications included recurrent VTE, post-thrombotic syndrome and pulmonary hypertension. For the base case, we considered medical inpatients aged 66 years, having a life expectancy of 13.5 years, VTE risk of 1.4% and bleeding risk of 2.7%. Patients received enoxaparin 40 mg day-1 for prophylaxis. Results Assuming a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $100 000/ quality-adjusted life year (QALY), prophylaxis was indicated for an average medical inpatient with a VTE risk of ≥ 1.0% up to 3 months after hospitalization. For the average patient, prophylaxis was not indicated when the bleeding risk was > 8.1%, the patient's age was > 73.4 years or the cost of enoxaparin exceeded $60/dose. If VTE risk was 19%, the risks of prophylaxis outweighed benefits. The prophylaxis threshold was relatively insensitive to low-molecular-weight heparin cost and bleeding risk, but very sensitive to patient age and life expectancy. Conclusions The decision to offer prophylaxis should be personalized based on patient VTE risk, age and life expectancy. At a WTP of $100 000/QALY, prophylaxis is not warranted for most patients with a 3-month VTE risk below 1.0%.
Thoughts on massively-parallel heterogeneous computing for solving large problems

In this paper, we present our view of massively-parallel heterogeneous computing for solving large scientific problems. We start by observing that computing has been the primary driver of major innovations since the beginning of the 21st century. We argue that this is the fruit of decades of progress in computing methods, technology, and systems. A high-level analysis on out-scaling and up-scaling on large supercomputers is given through a time-domain wave-scattering simulation example. The importance of heterogeneous node architectures for good up-scaling is highlighted. A case for low-complexity algorithms is made for continued scale-out towards exascale systems.
Reading Between the Lines: Can Peer Reviewers Be Expected to Detect Fraud?

Fraud in science can potentially cause devastating harm to all stakeholders in the scientific process, including individuals, journals, research institutions, government agencies, corporations, and ultimately patients. Peer review plays a pivotal role in the scientific publication process; it serves as a stamp of legitimacy for published scientific papers, and helps journals identify papers that are of high quality and of interest for publication. But can the peer review process serve as a systematic fraud detection mechanism in scientific papers? Here, the authors explore this possibility through a series of hypothetical case studies. After analysis, the authors conclude that while the peer review process is an essential part of scientific publication, it lacks efficacy in policing science papers for fraud, and that other methods may serve this purpose better.
How Did the 2008 Economic Crisis Affect Social and Political Solidarity in Europe

One possible outcome of the economic crash of 2008 was that the majority or mainstream members of a society would direct their anger and fear against the minority or marginal members of their society. The result would be not only a deteriorating national and international economy but also increased hostility and fear among racial, ethnic, or nationality groups in a country. Social solidarity would decline, perhaps irrevocably. Another possible outcome of the 2008 economic crash was that both mainstream and marginal members of society would lose faith in their governments, or even in democratic governance more generally. Political solidarity would decline, perhaps irrevocably. To provide one type of evidence on whether these fears were warranted, I compared results for questions asked in both 2006 and late 2008-2009 on the European Social Survey for thirteen western European countries. The results show that Europeans did lose faith in their national economies over those two years, but did not lose faith in their national governments or in the practice of democracy. Similarly, in the majority of these thirteen countries, respondents did not lose more faith in parliaments, the legal system, or politicians between 2006 and 2008. Finally, views did not change a great deal with regard to the impacts of immigration on one’s country or the desirability of permitting more immigrants of various kinds. That result holds for those who do, and those who do not, feel discriminated against. In sum, so far as public opinion surveys can demonstrate, the economic crisis of 2008 did not undermine social or political solidarity in western Europe,
Toxic agent and radiation control: progress toward objectives for the nation for the year 1990.

In 1980, the Department of Health and Human Services set national prevention objectives for 1990 in 15 health priority areas, 1 of which is the control of toxic agents and radiation. Ten objectives related to this area are priorities for the national control effort. Progress is reviewed on those priorities within the responsibilities of the Public Health Service. Six key program elements, or types of support activities, are deemed essential to preventing, identifying, and controlling toxic agent and radiation threats. Significant progress has been made toward achieving objectives for which all key program elements have been successfully implemented to provide the requisite know-how, manpower, and tools. Important advances have been made in reducing the blood lead levels of the population, reducing unnecessary exposure to medical X-rays, evaluating the toxicities of chemicals in toxic waste dumps, and improving the scientific and technical information base and its availability for prevention and control efforts. The most important priority for the forseeable future will be to expand our knowledge of potential health risks posed by toxic agents and radiation. Expanded surveillance systems and data bases are essential to determining the extent of the problems in terms of human health effects and for measuring themore » impact of prevention programs. Emphasis on the activities embodied in the key elements will encourage the expansion of the knowledge base and its effective application to prevention and control problems.« less
The Use of H.P.L.C. for Structural Studies on Collagen

The establishment of collagen primary structure poses specific challenging problems that are linked to the size of collagen polypeptide chains, their unique amino acid compositions and repetitive sequences. The purification of the fragments needed for sequencing is particularly difficult with standard chromatographic techniques. We have thus developed a comprehensive H.P.L.C. approach for the purification of collagen chains and their CNBr and other proteolytic fragments.
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Vasculitides: Histopathologic Findings.

Vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of disorders in which inflammation of blood vessel walls is present at least some time during the course of the disease. Vasculitides can affect any caliber or type of vessel in many anatomic sites; however, the disease can alter more than just vasculature. Given the diversity of vasculitides, in 2012, a revised classification system was proposed to categorize vasculitides by the type of vessel involved including size, function, and structural attributes. In the lung, vasculitis impacts both the pulmonary vessels and parenchyma. Extrapulmonary involvement, particularly with concomitant kidney involvement, is a frequent occurrence. Pulmonary vasculitides often present with hemoptysis, pathologically manifested as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) with or without capillaritis and can be life threatening when diffuse throughout the lungs. Etiologies for DAH include both primary and secondary vasculitides, along with collagen-vascular diseases, infection, and drug toxicity. Therefore, diagnosing the specific vasculitic etiology often relies on comprehensive assessment of all clinical, laboratory/serological, imaging, and histopathologic features that may be present. The most common primary pulmonary vasculitides often affect small vessels and are associated with circulating antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). In the 2012 classification, these include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener granulomatosis), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Churg-Strauss' syndrome), and microscopic polyangiitis. Other less frequent vasculitides that are non-ANCA associated or affect medium- to large-sized vessels can have pulmonary involvement. These entities are usually associated with extrapulmonary disease and include polyarteritis nodosa, Takayasu's arteritis, Behcet's disease, and antibasement membrane antibody disease (formerly Goodpasture's syndrome). Although all vasculitides have vessel wall inflammation at some phase in the disease process, their histopathologic findings are as diverse as the group of diseases themselves. The characteristic histologic findings of the pulmonary vasculitides will be reviewed here.
E-076 Correlating wall shear stress and permeability of intracranial aneurysms

Purpose Rupture risk assessment of intracranial aneurysms using non-invasive MRI is an active area of research, particularly in the realm of intra-aneurysmal flow modeling with 4D Flow MRI and imaging of wall tracer uptake and permeability using DCE-MRI. While several studies have examined these parameters independently, no study has thus far examined them simultaneously in the same patient. In this work we report the comparison of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic parameters with wall permeability modeling within the same patient. Materials and methods With IRB approval we acquired 4D Flow Phase-Contrast MRI data and DCE-MRI in 8 consecutive, angiographically-confirmed saccular cerebral aneurysms. We quantified contrast agent leakage rate (Ktrans) through the aneurysm wall using Tofts’s model using a previously reported method.1 Images were post-processed using in-house software to calculate hemodynamic parameters wall shear stress (WSS),2 and permeability parameter Ktrans. Mean WSS and Ktrans were cross-sectionally compared across all aneurysms. We further used linear regression to compare hemodynamic and wall-permeability parameters. Results We found no statistically significant correlation between mean WSS and Ktrans (R2=0.0012, p=0.93). Similarly there was no correlation between mean velocity and Ktrans (R2=0.020, p=0.73), as well as aneurysm diameter and Ktrans (R2=0.0050, p=0.87). Conclusion In this study we did not find significant correlation between intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics and wall-permeability. Their lack of inter-correlation suggests they may contribute unique information about aneurysm risk profile and serve as independent markers of rupture risk. References Vakil P, Ansari SA, Cantrell CG, et al. Quantifying intracranial aneurysm wall permeability for risk assessment using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: A pilot study. American Journal of Neuroradiology 2015;36:953–59. Schnell S, Ansari SA, Vakil P, et al. Three-dimensional hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms: Influence of size and morphology. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2014;39:120–131. Disclosures M. Pan: None. P. Vakil: None. A. Vali: None. M. Markl: None. S. Schnell: None. S. Ansari: None.
The Risk of Post-operative Complications in Super-Super Obesity Compared to Super Obesity in Accredited Bariatric Surgery Centers

The prevalence of super obesity (SO, BMI > 50.0 kg/m2) and super-super obesity (SSO, BMI > 60 kg/m2) is increasing. Current data are limited and discrepant on the relationship between SSO and post-bariatric surgery complication risk. We hypothesized there would be increased complications for both laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in SSO compared to SO, but the relative risk (RR) would support the use of LSG in SSO patients. Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement 2016 data were queried for SO and SSO patients undergoing LRYGB or LSG. Thirty-day post-operative complications were calculated. Univariate analyses were performed with a χ2 or Student’s t test. Comparisons between multiple groups were performed using a one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. A total of 5723 patients with SSO and 24,940 with SO were included for analysis. Patients with SSO had more co-morbidities. Patients with SSO had a higher likelihood of complications compared to SO patients (15.2% vs 12.6%, p < 0.0005). SSO patients, and specifically SSO RYGB, were significantly more likely to experience an unplanned intubation, prolonged ventilation, and unplanned ICU admission. Compared to SO LRYGB, the RR for complications in SSO LRYGB and LGS were 1.19 and 0.76 respectively (p < 0.0005). We found SSO patients had increased 30-day post-operative complications after both LRYGB and LSG compared to SO patients. LSG may be the preferred procedure for this high-risk population.
Educational objectives for a junior psychiatry clerkship : development and rationale.

Explicit instructional objectives have become essential in medical education and have been developed nationally for students in surgery, gynecology, and pediatric clerkships. The authors describe the rationale for and process of developing psychiatry clerkship objectives, first at the Medical College of Pennsylvania (MCP) and then by the Association of Directors of Medical Student Education in Psychiatry. Faculty interviews about the development of psychiatry clerkship objectives at MCP illustrate the objectives’ positive educational impact.
Mentors: Helping Younger Managers up the Hospitality Ladder

Mentoring is a centuries-old concept. However, in the hospitality industry, with its fast pace and high pressures, mentors can be of benefit in the training of younger managers before burnout The author discusses both the problems and benefits of mentoring, and how the system can work in the industry.
Exploration of high entropy ceramics (HECs) with computational thermodynamics - A case study with LaMnO3±δ

Abstract The concept of the new category materials high entropy ceramics (HECs) has been proposed several years ago, which is directly borrowed from high entropy alloys (HEAs). It quickly attracts a lot of interests and displays promising properties. However, there is no clear definition of HECs differentiating it from HEAs, as it is still in its early research stage. In the current work, we are trying to use the classic perovskite LaMnO3±δ (LMO) to demonstrate the fundamental differences between HECs and HEAs. We have adopted the integrated defect chemistry and CALPHAD approach to investigate the mixing behavior and how it is affected by the control parameters, i.e. PO2, T, and composition. We have developed a new way to visualize the mixing behavior of the species including the cations, anions, and defects (vacancies), which linked the mixing behavior to the thermo-chemical properties including enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy. It was found that entropy plays the most important role on the mixing behavior in LMO. The present work paves the way for the HECs investigation and the design of new HECs for the various applications.
Toward Reducing Institutional Digital Divides in the Media Industry: Examining Social Media Use in Ethnic Media Organizations

Ethnic media serve critical information needs of ethnic and immigrant communities, thereby facilitating social integration and reduction of social inequalities. Social media may extend the capacity of ethnic media to deliver information to such communities. Despite research on social media use by mainstream media, little is known about social media use among ethnic media. We investigate determinants of social media use by 100 ethnic media organizations in New York City using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). We extend UTAUT by examining the roles of (1) interorganizational competition on technology adoption, (2) organizational culture, (3) communication about technology in the workplace and. Findings indicate that strengthening employees’ beliefs in the usefulness of social media and nurturing conversations about technology at the workplace are key factors in social media adoption. We conclude with recommendations for integrating social media into ethnic media producers’ professional practices.
A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of a sustained release methylphenidate in cancer-related fatigue.

9072 Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is common and distressing. This study assessed the efficacy of OROS methylphenidate 18 mg daily (OM) vs. placebo (P) for CRF reduction. Other objective...
Job Mobility among Millennials: Do They Stay or Do They Go?

Millennials are a substantial segment of the workforce; they are perceived to be driven by higher pay, quick to be dissatisfied and leave a job, and committed to volunteering. This article examines how these perceptions translate to job mobility in terms of job switching within and across sectors, without drawing cross-generation comparisons. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort (NLSY97) from 2008-2013, we notice a trend among millennials of frequent job switching within rather than across sectors. Job dissatisfaction is the strongest predictor of public sector employees switching jobs within the sector. For sector switching, we find some variation; low pay corresponds with exiting the nonprofit sector, while job dissatisfaction is the strongest predictor of leaving the public sector. Millennials working in the public and nonprofit sectors are less likely to switch sectors if they volunteer. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
11-Oxygenated Androgens Useful in the Setting of Discrepant Conventional Biomarkers in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.

Context Serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and androstenedione (A4) are the conventional biomarkers used to assess disease control in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). However, discrepancy between the two is not uncommon, limiting interpretation. Objective To evaluate 11-oxyandrogens in discriminating good versus poor disease control in 21OHD in the setting of discrepant 17OHP and A4. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2738 laboratory assessments obtained as part of Natural History Study of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) at the National Institutes Health Clinical Center. Patients with discrepant 17OHP and A4 and available sera were selected. A 15-steroid mass-spectrometry panel was performed in sera from patients with 21OHD and age- and sex-matched controls. Patients were categorized in "good" or "poor" control based on clinical assessment (bone age advancement, signs and symptoms of precocious puberty, menstrual irregularity, hirsutism, or hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism). Results Discrepant 17OHP and A4 was found in 469 (17%) laboratory assessments. Of these, 403 (86%) had elevated 17OHP with A4 in reference range. Of 46 patients with available sera, 30 (65%) were in good control. Median fold elevation relative to controls was higher in patients with poor versus good control for 11-hydroxytestosterone (median [interquartile range], 2.82 [1.25-5.43] vs 0.91 [0.49- 2.07], P = .003), and 11-ketotestosterone (3.57 [2.11-7.41] vs 1.76 [1.24-4.00], P = .047). Fold elevation of 11-hydroxytestosterone between 3.48 (sensitivity 97%, specificity 47%) and 3.88 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 40%) provided the best discrimination between poor vs good control. Conclusion 11-Oxyandrogens, especially 11-hydroxytestosterone, may be useful in the management of CAH when conventional biomarkers are inconclusive.
Causal Invertibility: An Approach to the Innovations Problem

In this paper, the Innovations problem is studied by means of a method called causal invertibility. Both the problem and method are defined in Section I and examples are discussed in Section II.
God, Locke, and Equality: “The Democratic Intellect”

Locke's political theory has been associated so insistently with a correlation between class or status on the one hand, and differences in rationality on the other, that it may seem perverse of me to attribute to him a democratic view of the human intellect. But that is what I now want to argue. The gist of my argument in Chapter 3 was that humans are one another's equals, in Locke's eyes, by virtue of their possession of a rather modest intellectual capacity – the capacity to form and manipulate abstract ideas, which enables a person to reason to the existence of God and to the necessity of finding out what if anything God requires of him. The existence of this capacity in a very wide array of the beings we call human is of course compatible with enormous variations in other aspects of their intellect and rationality. And Locke never denies that. But his position seems to be that the capacity to abstract trumps these other differences so far as the establishment of our basic moral status is concerned. Consider the greatest statesman and the most humble day-laborer. Even if they do not differ in their “natural constitutions” (a possibility that Locke leaves open), the first has greater experience and has had more opportunity to exercise his intellectual faculties, while the second “has commonly but a small pittance of knowledge, because his ideas and notions have been confined to the narrow bounds of a poor conversation and employment,” and he is virtually incapable of following a train of argument of any complexity.
First Experimental Evidence of Recombination in Infectious Bronchitis Virus

A high frequency of recombination has been shown to occur during replication of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in vitro as well as in vivo. Although sequencing of field strains of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has indicated that IBV strains also undergo recombination, there has been no experimental evidence to support this deduction. To investigate whether recombination occurs in IBV, embryonated eggs were coinfected with IBV-Beaudette and IBV-M41. Potential recombinants were detected by strain-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications, using oligonucleotides corresponding to regions in the 3′ end of the genome. Sequencing of the PCR products confirmed that a number of recombinations had occurred between the two strains.
Presentation to Members of Campus and Field Faculty: Adelphi University School of Social Work

In this presentation the author reports to the members of the campus and field faculty of Adelphi University’s School of Social Work on the impact on faculty and students of the recent change in the curriculum. Along with a few other social work programs in the United States, Adelphi has developed and initiated a generic/generalist curriculum in place of structuring the program around the three discrete methods: casework, group work, and community organization. [Guest editor’s note: The date of this presentation could not be determined, but Papell’s Adelphi colleagues estimate that it was given at some time in the late 1950s or early 1960s]
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy across the Metal to Non-Metal Transition

The screening of the Coulomb potential in a polar fluid will be described and applied to Mx(NH3)1-x solutions. These undergo a metal to non-metal transition which is made evident in different physical properties near x = xc = 0.04.
Measurements of Adsorption in the LiAlO2-H2O(g) System

Isotherms are presented for adsorption of H2O(g) on LiAlO2 at 573, 623, and 873K together with isotherms reported earlier for 673 and 773K. From these data, isobars and isosteres were derived. Anal...
Modeling FDTD wave propagation in dispersive biological tissue using a single pole Z-transform function

To analyze lossy, frequency dependent biological tissue over a wide RF bandwidth with FDTD, it Is important to capture the wave velocity and attenuation with a simple, e/spl plusmn/cient model. Using a single pole rational function of the Z-transform variable (Z = e/sup j ! /spl nsub/ t/) to model tissue conductivity along with constant real dielectric constant, it is possible to generate a supplemental discretized time domain equation which closely matches measured values across more than a decade of frequency. The agreement between measured and modeled propagation constant and decay rate for more than 30 tissue types are often to within 5%. This formulation avoids memory-intensive convolution operations and is at least as accurate as Debye models. Special stability conditions are derived using von Neumann analysis. The resulting requirement that all zeros of the stability equation be within the unit circle sets a minimum grid spacing interval. A tabulation of 2 ps time step models for 34 measured tissues is provided.
Snow cover variability in a forest ecotone of the Oregon Cascades via MODIS Terra products

Abstract Snow cover pattern and persistence have important implications for planetary energy balance, climate sensitivity to forcings, and vegetation structure, function, and composition. Variability in snow cover within mountainous regions of the Pacific Northwest, USA is attributable to a combination of anthropogenic climate change and climate oscillations. However, snow covered areas can be heterogeneous and patchy, requiring more detailed mapping of snow trends to understand their potential influences on montane forests. We used standard daily MODIS snow products (MOD10A1.5) to investigate the 15-year record (2000–2014) of snow cover in the predominant forest ecotone of the Oregon Western Cascades. We modeled the ecotone using field data from the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, and only considered forested MODIS Terra pixels located within the mapped ecotone of a five-county region. Three snow cover metrics were developed using both binary and fractional snow cover data: mean ecotone snow cover percent, number of snow covered days during the melt season, and day of snow disappearance. Snow cover and depletion dates exhibited large interannual variability and no significant linear trends. This variability is likely influenced by the preceding wintertime states of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which tend to covary. We improve and generalize existing methods for power analysis of trend estimation and quantify the number of uninterrupted observations of the snow metrics that would be needed to distinguish trends of different magnitudes from noise variance, taking possible autocorrelation into account. Sensitivity analyses of the results to some of our heuristic choices are conducted, and challenges associated with optical remote sensing of snow in a dense montane forest are discussed.
T Cell-Specific Expression of the Human TNF-α Gene Involves a Functional and Highly Conserved Chromatin Signature in Intron 3

Using a phylogenetic approach, we identified highly conserved sequences within intron 3 of the human TNF-α gene. These sequences form cell type-specific DNase I hypersensitivity sites and display cell type-specific DNA-protein contacts in in vivo genomic footprints. Consistent with these results, intron 3 confers specific activity upon a TNF-α reporter gene in Jurkat T cells, but not THP-1 monocytic cells. Thus, using a combinatorial approach of phylogenetic analysis, DNase I hypersensitivity analysis, in vivo footprinting, and transfection analysis, we demonstrate that intronic regulatory elements are involved in the cell type-specific regulation of TNF-α gene expression.
Screening for Autism in Young Children

The routine use of screening tools at young ages has the potential to improve outcomes for young children with autism by expediting their diagnosis as well as their referral to appropriately specialized interventions. The selection of screening tools should be based on both the type of setting in which it will be used (e.g., primary care or referral settings) and the psychometric properties of the screener for that setting. Promising new models of screening that involve coordination across different levels of service delivery systems and employ combinations of Level 1 and Level 2 tools in sequence may overcome some of the challenges associated with screening while also improving recognition of early autism features across a range of community providers. Keywords: autism; autism risk; autism spectrum disorder; early detection; Level 1 screening; Level 2 screening; primary care setting; referral setting; screening
Treatment of superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis with direct thrombolytic infusion via an operatively placed mesenteric catheter

Acute superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and portal vein (PV) thrombosis can be a complication of hypercoagulable, inflammatory, or infectious states. It can also occur as a complication of medical or surgical intervention. Management of mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis includes both operative and nonoperative approaches. Operative interventions include thrombectomy with thrombolysis; this is often employed for patients who present with signs of peritoneal irritation. Nonoperative approaches can be either noninvasive or invasive. Treatment with anticoagulation has been shown to be efficacious, though its rate of recanalization is not as high as with intravascular infusion of thrombolytics. Intravenous catheterization and thrombolytic infusion has the advantage of direct pharmacologic thrombolysis of clot, with decreased infusion required and the possibility to carry out dilation or thrombectomy concurrently. We report the use of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) infusion via an operatively placed multi side-hole catheter/5-Fr introducer sheath into the right portal and superior mesenteric vein clot, inserted through a small jejunal vein, in a patient who presented with acute gangrenous appendicitis and thrombosis of the main portal trunk and superior mesenteric vein. A temporary abdominal closure was maintained until 36 hours after the start of infusion of the rt-PA. At this time venous system had normal flow, with complete recanalization of the right portal and superior mesenteric veins.