cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
E-042 Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome following endovascular cerebral aneurysm stent-coiling: case reports and diagnostic challenges

Introduction Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) has been reported sparsely after aneurysm clipping and is likely underreported after endovascular treatments. We report two cases of CHS following endovascular embolization and discuss diagnostic and differential challenges. Cases Patient 1 is a 64yo woman who underwent elective stent-assisted-coiling of an unruptured 11×10 mm right MCA trifurcation aneurysm without intraoperative complication. Immediate and delayed post-treatment angiography showed patent vasculature with no extravasation of contrast. Initial post-procedure neurological exam was normal; 4 hours later, she developed left hemiplegia. CT showed a large right intraparenchymal parietal hematoma with local cerebral edema distal to aneurysm treatment (figure A). Follow up diagnostic angiography showed no extravasation from the MCA and no change in the treated aneurysm. Transcranial doppler showed proportional increase in right MCA and right ICA flow velocity, concerning for hyperperfusion. During decompressive craniotomy, multiple small arterial intraparenchymal bleeders were encountered. Patient 2 is a 70yo man who underwent two stage stent assisted coiling of an unruptured ACOM aneurysm. Post-stenting but pre aneurysm coiling showed uniform contrast distribution (figure B), whereas post aneurysm coiling showed persistent contrast blush in the temporal and parietal regions (figure C, yellow arrows). This correlated with cortical edema found on CT twenty-four hours post-procedure. Cortical edema resolved the following day with conservative blood pressure management. Discussion CHS following endovascular stent-coiling of aneurysms is not described in literature. Differential diagnosis considerations for these cases include vasospasm, which is far more prevalent, and contrast induced encephalopathy (CIE), which is rare. In both cases, increased arterial flow to the territory of the parent vessel was demonstrated. This is in contrast to vasospasm, where reduced flow results in ischemic infarct. CIE has also been reported to have decreased perfusion in studies which utilize flow imaging and is generally associated with posterior circulation angiography and symptoms. In contrast, our cases demonstrated increased flow, so we strongly favor CHS as the diagnosis. However, the incidence and mechanism of CHS, as well as CVS and CIE, in endovascular treatments requires more in-depth evaluation. Disclosures P. Yager: None. L. Lin: None. J. Fraser: 2; C; Stream Biomedical, Medtronic. 4; C; Fawkes Biotechnology. A. Alhajeri: None.
Diabetes Self-Management in the Age of Social Media: Large-Scale Analysis of Peer Interactions Using Semiautomated Methods

Background: Online communities have been gaining popularity as support venues for chronic disease management. User engagement, information exposure, and social influence mechanisms can play a significant role in the utility of these platforms. Objective: In this paper, we characterize peer interactions in an online community for chronic disease management. Our objective is to identify key communications and study their prevalence in online social interactions. Methods: The American Diabetes Association Online community is an online social network for diabetes self-management. We analyzed 80,481 randomly selected deidentified peer-to-peer messages from 1212 members, posted between June 1, 2012, and May 30, 2019. Our mixed methods approach comprised qualitative coding and automated text analysis to identify, visualize, and analyze content-specific communication patterns underlying diabetes self-management. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed that “social support” was the most prevalent theme (84.9%), followed by “readiness to change” (18.8%), “teachable moments” (14.7%), “pharmacotherapy” (13.7%), and “progress” (13.3%). The support vector machine classifier resulted in reasonable accuracy with a recall of 0.76 and precision 0.78 and allowed us to extend our thematic codes to the entire data set. Conclusions: Modeling health-related communication through high throughput methods can enable the identification of specific content related to sustainable chronic disease management, which facilitates targeted health promotion.
Parallel Temperature Interfaces in the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn Driven Lattice Gas

We explore a variant of the Katz-Lebowitz-Spohn (KLS) driven lattice gas in two dimensions, where the lattice is split into two regions that are coupled to heat baths with distinct temperatures. The temperature boundaries are oriented parallel to the external particle drive. If the hopping rates at the interfaces satisfy particle-hole symmetry, the current difference across them generates a vector flow diagram akin to a vortex sheet. We have studied the finite-size scaling of the particle density fluctuations in both temperature regions, and observed that it is controlled by the respective temperature values. If the colder subsystem is maintained at the KLS critical temperature, while the hotter subsystem's temperature is set much higher, the interface current greatly suppresses particle exchange between the two regions. As a result of the ensuing effective subsystem decoupling, strong fluctuations persist in the critical region, whence the particle density fluctuations scale with the KLS critical exponents. However, if both temperatures are set well above the critical temperature, the particle density fluctuations scale according to the totally asymmetric exclusion process (TASEP). We have also measured the entropy production rate in both subsystems; it displays intriguing algebraic decay in the critical region, while it saturates quickly at a small but non-zero level in the hotter region. We have also considered another possible choice of the hopping rates across the temperature interfaces that explicitly breaks particle-hole symmetry. In that case the boundary rates induce a net particle flux across the interfaces that displays power-law behavior, until ultimately the particle exclusion constraints generate a clogging transition to an inert state.
The Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Brequinar Is Synergistic with ENT1/2 Inhibitors.

The dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor brequinar failed all clinical trials for solid tumors. To investigate mechanisms to increase brequinar's efficacy, we employed a combination strategy to simultaneously inhibit the nucleotide salvage pathways. Brequinar is synergistic with the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) inhibitor dipyridamole, but not the concentrative nucleoside transporter inhibitor phlorizin. This synergy carries over to ENT1/2 inhibition, but not ENT4. Our previously described brequinar analogue 41 was also synergistic with dipyridamole as were the FDA-approved DHODH inhibitors leflunomide and teriflunomide but the latter required much higher concentrations than brequinar. Therefore, a combination of brequinar and ENT inhibitors presents a potential anti-cancer strategy in select tumors.
Development of Online Marketing During Coronavirus Epidemic

At the beginning of 2020, the new coronavirus epidemic broke out globally. This epidemic has a serious impact on the country’s economy, with a huge impact, a wide range and a deep degree. The epidemic has spread to a large extent and has brought serious harm to the world economy. But if we look at the impact of the epidemic on the national economy dialectically, opportunities and challenges should coexist. This article analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by the Internet economy during the epidemic and the development of China’s online marketing model during the epidemic. The combination of traditional business and emerging business is the focus of online marketing development. Through new media and big data analysis, the new online marketing model is no longer a simple e-mail advertisement and information on both sides of the article. The new network marketing model will become an important part of the economy in the post-epidemic era.
Public Debate on Facial Recognition Technologies in China

China’s ascent on the global stage in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and facial recognition has been widely noted in Western-language scholarship and media. Much of the attention has focused on the applications of these technologies in government security systems and their geopolitical implications. Here, we seek to explore the private and domestic uses of facial recognition. What dynamics inform popular debates about the use and applications of these technologies in China, and how do they fit into a more global picture? We present a series of cases from the past three years in which facial recognition software attracted media attention in legal, commercial, and educational settings. Acknowledging that China is far too large and diverse for there to be just one dynamic at play, we propose that while debates about facial recognition have indeed become more common, there is still broad-based public support for uses that promise increased security or convenience. The state has been selectively receptive to limited critique, but typically in a manner that preserves its active role in shaping the contours of public discussion.
Biological contamination of the planets.

Accidental biological contamination of planets during space exploration, noting different physical and chemical sterilization methods
Chapter 23 A comparison of the mechanistic relationships between development and learning in Aplysia

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning in Aplysia and uses it as the basis for comparison with the three principle stages of neuronal development: differentiation, neurite outgrowth, and synapse formation. The comparison of development and learning in Aplysia reveals a striking number of mechanistic similarities between these two processes. These observations lend substantial support to the hypothesis that growth mechanisms involved in the development of the nervous system persist into the adult where they subserve learning and memory. The adaptive properties of the adult nervous system represent a combination of two classes of mechanisms, one that includes retained developmental processes and the other that appears to be specifically related to adult plasticity; the distinguishing feature between the two classes is the dependence on the cell growth.
Subdural hygroma associated with axillary cystic hygroma

We present a case of a 4-month-old girl with a history of a huge axillary cystic hygroma since birth, with elective surgical resection of the lesion and subsequent development of infection at the surgery site. During hospitalization for the infection, she developed seizures, a bulging fontanelle, increased head circumference, and widely separated cranial sutures. Brain imaging demonstrated new, large, bilateral subdural fluid collections with membrane enhancement around the left-sided collection. She was managed by subdural tap, bilateral craniotomy, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and subduroperitoneal shunt insertion. Ultimately, she had complete recovery without complications. This case adds to the spectrum of intracranial conditions that have been associated with cystic hygroma.
Toward understanding consumers' role in medical decisions for emerging treatments: Issues, framework and hypotheses

Abstract This study utilizes consumers' perspective to examine emerging treatments—those based on genetic technology and aimed at improving the quality (rather than quantity) of life—on medical decision making. We discuss market, medical, social and consumer issues that are germane to such emerging treatments in the context of growth hormone therapy for short children. Drawing from this discussion and past literature, a framework for conceptualizing medical decision processes is proposed. In so doing, we compare and contrast the proposed framework with contemporary models of medical decision making and develop hypotheses for future empirical examination. Several avenues for future research in this important area are discussed. Implications for consumer researchers interested in health care delivery and medical decision making are provided.
Fermi-surface topology and low-lying electronic structure of the iron-based superconductor Ca 10 (Pt 3 As 8 )(Fe 2 As 2 ) 5

We report a study of low-energy electronic structure and Fermi surface topology for the recently discovered iron-based superconductor Ca${}_{10}$(Pt${}_{3}$As${}_{8}$)(Fe${}_{2}$As${}_{2}$)${}_{5}$ (the 10-3-8 phase, with ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}8$ K), via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Despite its triclinic crystal structure, ARPES results reveal a fourfold symmetric band structure with the absence of Dirac-cone-like Fermi dots (related to magnetism) found around the Brillouin zone corners in other iron-based superconductors. Considering that the triclinic lattice and structural supercell arise from the Pt${}_{3}$As${}_{8}$ intermediary layers, these results indicate that those layers couple only weakly to the FeAs layers in this new superconductor at least near the surface, which has implications for the determination of its pairing mechanism.
Suckling and Four-Times Daily Milking: Influence on Ovulation, Estrus and Serum Luteinizing Hormone, Glucocorticoids and Prolactin in Postpartum Holsteins

Holstein cows were assigned at calving to be (1) milked at 12-hr (n = 5) or (2) 6-hr (n =5) intervals or (3) suckled ad libitum by one calf and milked at 12-hr intervals (n = 6). Suckling resulted in an increase in the postpartum (PP) interval to first ovulation (39.7 vs 21.2 days), but increased milking frequency did not. Delayed resumption of episodic luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion was associated with the increased PP interval to ovulation in suckled cows. Both frequency and amplitude of episodic LH peaks were reduced (P less than .05) on days 7 and 14 PP in suckled cows compared to nonsuckled cows (1.2 vs 2.5 peaks/4.5 hr and 1.8 vs 2.8 ng/ml, respectively). Suckling did not significantly modify basal of milking-induced concentrations of prolactin or total glucocorticoids. Nor did serum concentrations of progesterone or estradiol-17 beta differ between suckled and nonsuckled cows, or between day 7 and day 14 PP. Milking-induced secretion of both prolactin and total glucocorticoids were greater (P less than .05) on day 14 PP than on day 7 PP in both suckled and nonsuckled cows. These results suggest that suckling may delay the first PP ovulation by suppressing episodic LH secretion. Alternations in prolactin, total glucocorticoids, progesterone or estradiol-17 beta do not apper to mediate directly the effects of suckling on PP episodic LH secretion and (or) ovulation.
An Introduction to Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques via Antenna Arrays

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Antennas and Their Parameters Antenna Arrays DOA Estimation Methods DOA Estimation for Periodic Sense Transmission Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Why Are You Betraying Your Class

Abstract: Social justice concerns us on two counts: One, what is social justice? Two, given that we know the answer to one, then the question is: how can social justice be implemented? Answering the first question requires hitting the right balance between two values: liberty and equality. My concern here, however, is with the second question, the question of implementation rather than with what social justice consists of. I assume that the right balance between liberty and equality is somehow a given. To implement the structural changes that a just society requires calls for a historical agent that can bring about such changes. The working class was a good candidate to be such a historical agent. The working class was suitable for this historical task because it was the class that had the most to gain from a just society and it was a very large class of people. The working class was singled out for this task not for being a particularly virtuous class but by being the class that had the most to gain from a change in the status quo. But the working class is rapidly disappearing; in the developed countries, it has shrunk considerably. Thus, the implementation of social justice is now left without an effective historical agent to carry it through.
Adolescent contraception: nonhormonal methods

A comparison of the advantages, disadvantages, and costs of each method is presented in Table 1. Barrier methods of contraception offer adolescents protection against both pregnancy and STDs, but innovative approaches are needed to enhance availability and acceptability. Condom use in conjunction with a vaginal spermicide would provide optimal protection. The "female condom" may prove to be an effective alternative. Diaphragms and cervical caps can be prescribed for well-educated, highly motivated adolescents comfortable with insertion and removal. The vaginal contraceptive sponge provides many of the advantages of the diaphragm and cap without the need for an examination and fitting and also may be used as a backup method with the condom. Vaginal spermicides used alone are significantly less effective than in combination with a mechanical barrier. The IUD is not considered appropriate for most adolescents due to its association with an increased risk of pelvic infection. Periodic abstinence requires accurate identification of the fertile period, extensive education, and partner cooperation. Sterilization is rarely considered an option in adolescents. Alternate forms of sexual expression are available to adolescents who choose to abstain from intercourse.
Biochemical Characterization of Anaerobic Bacteria by an Impregnated Disk Method

An impregnated disk method was used to characterize 20 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria by utilization of substrate. The procedure was easy to perform, reliable, and economical.
Highly conserved base A55 of 16S ribosomal RNA is important for the elongation cycle of protein synthesis

Accurate decoding of mRNA requires the precise interaction of protein factors and tRNAs with the ribosome. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy have provided detailed structural information about the 70S ribosome with protein factors and tRNAs trapped during translation. Crystal structures showed that one of the universally conserved 16S rRNA bases, A55, in the shoulder domain of the 30S subunit interacts with elongation factors Tu and G (EF-Tu and EF-G, respectively). The exact functional role of A55 in protein synthesis is not clear. We changed A55 to U and analyzed the effect of the mutation on the elongation cycle of protein synthesis using functional assays. Expression of 16S rRNA with the A55U mutation in cells confers a dominant lethal phenotype. Additionally, ribosomes with the A55U mutation in 16S rRNA show substantially reduced in vitro protein synthesis activity. Equilibrium binding studies showed that the A55U mutation considerably inhibited the binding of the EF-Tu·GTP·tRNA ternary complex to the ribosome. Furthermore, the A55U mutation slightly inhibited the peptidyl transferase reaction, the binding of EF-G·GTP to the ribosome, and mRNA-tRNA translocation. These results indicate that A55 is important for fine-tuning the activity of the ribosome during the elongation cycle of protein synthesis.
The historical transformation of public good

This paper examines the lineage of the concept of the public good, from its origin in liberal political theory, through its migration into political economy, economics, and public policy. At some stage in this migration the notion of ‘the’ public good, an outcome of benefit in some indivisible way to the whole of a social group – most commonly the citizenry of a nation-state – emerges in the discourse of public goods: what they are, how they should be regulated (or not), who should be responsible for their production and who is entitled to their benefits – that is to say, the beneficiary class. The paper follows the different trajectory of ideas of a common/public or national good as it has emerged in various different Asian contexts and the interactions between the public/state sector in the modern period and its liberalization under the impress of globalization.
Type-specific testing for herpes simplex virus

The prevalence of genital herpes is increasing worldwide. Type-specific antibody tests for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are widely available, however, only those based on glycoprotein G have acceptable accuracy. When diagnosing genital herpes, it is important to use type-specific tests in order to distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 since the type of HSV infection affects prognosis and subsequent counseling. Populations appropriate for type-specific serologic testing for HSV include people with an uncertain clinical diagnosis, high-risk patients, partners of an HSV-infected individual, HIV-infected individuals and pregnant women.
Some Product Moments Useful in Sampling Theory

Abstract General methods are developed for finding the mathematical expectation of and where X pj denotes the pth (p=1,2,···,k) character of the jth (j=1,2,···, N) unit of a finite population, is the sample mean of the pth character based on a random sample of size n, and is the corresponding population mean. Methods for unbiasedly estimating the product moments are also presented.
Developmental and tissue-specific modulation of rat galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase steady state messenger RNA and specific activity levels.

Developmental and Tissue-Specific Modulation of Rat Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase Steady State Messenger RNA and Specific Activity Levels
The Physiological Effects of Aralia, Panax and Eleutherococcus on Exercised Rats

Relative and total amount of saponins in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, Aralia mandshurica and Eleutherococcus senticosus were determined by thin-layer chromatography and by a spectrophotometric method. The ginsenoside Rg1 was present in American ginseng. Aralia and Eleutherococcus did not contain diol- and triol-type ginsenosides. Low concentrations of ginsenosides were found in Oriental red ginsengs (1.4-2.7%). Orally administered Araliaceae saponin extracts did not affect plasma lactic acid, glucagon, insulin or liver glycogen levels in exercised rats and did not prolong their swimming time. Plasma glucose levels in resting rats were decreased by saponin extracts of Canadian white, American red, Sanchi, Aralia, Eleutherococcus, Korean red and Shiu-Chi ginsengs.
Indentation of graded substrates

Abstract This paper is a review of recent theoretical and experimental developments which propose enhancement of indentation strength of materials by recourse to gradients in elastic properties. The problem of normal spherical indentation of substrates with controlled gradients in Young’s modulus (in the absence of residual stresses) was addressed analytically, computationally and experimentally. The isotropic problem was examined using graded infiltration of glass into alumina. The anisotropic problem was examined using carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy plies, stacked so that the orientation of the fiber axes varies linearly through the thickness of the laminated composite. Analyses and experiments showed, in agreement with each other, that Hertzian cone cracking is suppressed (as compared to monolithic or single coated substrates), whereas at the same time the shear stresses are kept small (preventing plasticity or delamination of the layers).
Straight talk and thick desire in erotica noir: reworking the textures of sex education in and out of the classroom

Drawing on data from two focus groups with US urban high school students and utilising the theoretical lens of the Affective Turn, this paper seeks to explore the role of erotica noir, a genre of erotic fiction depicting predominantly African American female protagonists, as an unofficial form of sex education circulating in and outside of school. With an intent focus on health, the medicalisation of the body and risk, particularly in relation to minority and queer students, the majority of sexualities education in the USA has denied the complex affects circulating within and around learning about sex and sexualities. This absence is perhaps even more acutely felt in the intensely affect-laden work of sexualities education. Looking away from the dominant ways of teaching and researching sex education and instead attending to affective intensities – excitement, disgust, shame and pleasure – I argue that students' use of erotica activates the double imperative that inheres in affect – to be affected and to ...
Modeling the Biomechanical Roles of Cancer Stem Cell Niche in Myeloma Development

Multiple myeloma, currently an incurable common hematological malignancy, is notorious for its recurrence and drug resistance. Our work led to the hypothesis that intercellular communications between myeloma initiating cells (MICs, a.k.a. myeloma stem cell) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) during the biomechanical remodeling of cancer stem cell niches play a key role in myeloma initiation and drug resistance. MICs prime BMSCs via SDF-1 paracrine; the activated BMSCs provide stiffer micro-environment, which boosts sustainable tumor growth under drug treatments. Understanding this pro-oncogenetic positive-feedback loop is thus crucial to the cure of the disease.In this study we used a 3D multi-scale agent-based modeling (ABM) approach to investigate the role of MIC-BMSC interactions in tumor growth and drug responses. The model is composed of four agent types, each representing a cell type: MIC, BMSC, PC (cancer progenitor cells), and MM (matured cancer cells). At intracellular level, specific signaling pathways were inferred from functional proteomics (reverse phase protein array) and gene expression data, and encapsulated into corresponding agent as ODEs. Intercellular communications were simulated on the agent-to-agent interfaces. The SDF-1 paracrine was described by PDEs of mass transfer. Intercellular events were extended to tissue level as tumor growth by a cancer stem cell lineage model (which includes MIC, PC, and MM agents). By seamlessly incorporating multi-scale events, our model quantitatively illustrated the interruption of BMSC contraction reduces the change of forming drug-resistant MIC strains and suppresses MIC colonogenesis, which was experimentally validated. Our work answered how the biomechanical remodeling of cancer stem cell niches via intercellular communications between tumor and stromal cells affects myeloma drug responses and prognosis, provided insights into myeloma development mechanisms, and cast new light on novel drug candidates and treatment strategies targeting the MIC-BMSC interactions.
Effect of crack growth dynamics on the rate-sensitive behavior of hot-pressed boron carbide

We discuss the dynamic failure of armor-grade hot-pressed boron carbide (B4C) under loading rates ∼5 × 10−6 to 200 MPa μs−1. High-speed photography is used in conjunction with real-time stress measurement during high-rate loading. Compressive strength of this ceramic is found to be relatively rate-insensitive over this range of loading rates. We use crack growth dynamics to compare the behavior with that of hot-pressed SiC–N and sintered α-SiC and find that the defect density has a strong influence on rate dependence.
Robust Control of Constrained Linear Systems With Bounded Disturbances

This technical note develops a novel robust control algorithm for linear systems subject to additive and bounded disturbances. The approach is based on the constraint tightening method. While this problem can be tackled using existing robust model predictive control techniques, the proposed method has an advantage in that it is computationally efficient and avoids the need to solve repeatedly an online optimization problem, while the optimization problem solved at initialization is a simple linear programming problem. The algorithm elaborated in this technical note guarantees convergence to a minimal disturbance invariant set, and the terminal predicted state constraint set is allowed to be larger than the minimal disturbance invariant set. As an illustration, the developed algorithm is applied to constrained roll control of a ship operating in a wave field. Simulation results show that the proposed approach reduces the ship roll motion while the input and dynamic stall constraints are satisfied.
Radiation synthesis of iron(II) and ruthenium(II) alkylnitroso complexes

Abstract The radiolysis of deoxygenated aqueous solutions of Ru(NH3)5NO3+ and Fe(CN)5NO2− in the presence of organic compounds (RH) generates alkylnitroso complexes of the form Ru(NH3)5N(O)R2+ and Fe(CN)5N(O)R3− where RH = tert-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl amine, N,N-dimethylacetamide, α-aminoisobutyric acid, pivalic acid, and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid. The products form from the rapid combination of the β-carbon radical derived from the reaction of the organic compound with OH radicals (OH + RH → R· + H2O) and the one-electron reduced metal complex formed by interaction with eaq−: Ru(NH3)5NO3+ + eaq− → Ru(NH3)5NO2+; Fe(CN)5NO2− + eaq− → Fe(CN)5NO3−. The alkylnitroso complexes are moderately O2-insensitive but display varying degrees of thermal stability. Stability permitting, these complexes have been characterized by ion-exchange chromatography and UV-vis-IR spectroscopy. The green ruthenium complexes exhibit λmax 740 and 342 nm (ϵ 22 and 4.5 × 103 M−1 cm−1, respectively) and νNO in the 1365–1405 cm−1 region. The less stable red iron analogues absorb at 475 and ∼ 250 nm (ϵ 5.0 × 103 and ∼ 9 × 103 M−1 cm−1, respectively).
Saturated fluorescence measurements of the hydroxyl radical in laminar high-pressure C(2)H(6)/O(2)/N(2) flames.

Saturation of a transition of the OH molecule in high-pressure flames is demonstrated by obtaining saturation curves in C2H6/O2/N2 laminar flames at 1, 6.1, 9.2, and 12.3 atm. Quantitative fluorescence measurements of OH number density at pressures to 12.3 atm are presented. To assess the efficacy of the balanced cross-rate model for high-pressure flames, laser-saturated fluorescence measurements, which were calibrated in an atmospheric-pressure flame, are compared with absorption measurements at 3.1 and 6.1 atm. At 3.1 atm the absorption and fluorescence measurements compare well. At 6.1 atm, however, the concentrations given by lasre-saturated fluorescence are about 25 percent lower than the absorption values, indicating some depletion of the laser-coupled levels beyond that at atmospheric pressure. By using a reasonable estimate for the finite sensitivity to quenching, it is anticipated that fluorescence measurements that are calibrated at 1 atm can be applied to flames at about 10 atm with absolute errors within +/- 50 percent.
Overrings of two-dimensional Noetherian domains representable by Noetherian spaces of valuation rings

Let D be a Noetherian domain of Krull dimension 2, and let HR be integrally closed overrings of D. We examine when H can be represented in the form H=(VSV)nR, with S a Noetherian subspace of the Zariski�Riemann space of the quotient field of D. We characterize also the special case in which S can be chosen to be a finite character collection of valuation overrings of D.
Within-Family Differences in Mothers' Support to Adult Children in Black and White Families

Data collected from a representative sample of 157 Black and 394 White older women is used to explore within-family differences in mother-to-child support. High rates of differentiation in both Black and White families were found. Within-family analyses revealed more similarities than differences in the effects of adult children's characteristics on mothers' likelihood of providing support. For both groups, mothers were most likely to provide support to children who had fewer resources, greater need, and who had provided the mothers with support. Children's health problems were better predictors of support among Black than White mothers, whereas children's gender played a larger role in White than Black mothers' provision of support; however, both groups of mothers favored daughters and children with poor health. In sum, these patterns provide little support for the argument that family solidarity is substantially more important in explaining intergenerational exchanges in Black than White families.
Clinical use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma

Asthma has been recognized to be a chronic inflammatory disease, ~ and inhaled corticosteroids appear to be a logical treatment option. Inhaled corticosteroids act locally in the airway, have proven efficacy, and are advocated for treatment of milder stages of asthma. However, this form of therapy is fraught with compliance problems and concerns about systemic side effects and cost. In the present context of overall increasing healthcare costs, the choice of drug regimen for asthma should also be based on cost-effectiveness studies. At present very few data exist on the cost-effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids as a class of drug in the care of patients with asthma. This review will examine and discuss these novel perspectives in asthma therapy.
A suggested solution to the blind zone problem in shallow exploration surveys

Abstract The blind zone in exploration using the refraction method is one which exists in practice and therefore has to be carefully considered in the solution of any shallow exploration studies using the seismic refration method. This case study presents problems encountered due to the occurrence of a blind zone during a tailings dump evaluation in which the refraction method was employed and suggests a solution to the problem. The solution works well in situations where the velocity of the hidden layer approximately equals that of the overlying layer. The results of depths computed using the method were compared with those obtained from drilling and they yield very satisfactory reliability.
Intravascular Platelet Aggregation in the Heart Induced by Stress

Sixteen rats, stressed by immersion in ice-cold water for 25-45 min, were found to have platelet aggregates in myocardial small vessels on electron microscopic study. None of six similar nonstressed control rats had platelets in myocardial vessels. It is concluded that stress, probably via catecholamine secretion that enhances platelet stickiness, can induce intravascular platelet aggregation. It is possible that this mechanism plays a part in the relationship between stress and acute clinical myocardial infarction.
Layered crystal thin films

A rigid peripheral clamp with an annular heater is used to bond layered crystals to grids with a thermoplastic adhesive. The layered crystals are subsequently cleaved with adhesive tape while bonded to the grid. The final layered crystal thin film covering a grid opening is exposed only to room air and is free from adhesive or fluid contamination. The results of preparation of several layered crystals, including muscovite mica, molybdenite, and talc, are described.
Hypolimnial oxygen injection: a benefit to downstream fish populations?

Changes in electrofishing catch rates downstream from Clark Hill Reservoir were only mildly affected by addition of oxygen to the hypolimnion waters prior to discharge in spite of increases in oxygen concentration. Changes in abundance and distribution of six major species were detectable and beneficial effects undoubtedly occur, but the overall benefit of oxygenation, at least at Clark Hill Dam, is questionable. At other dams with a more pronounced and prolonged oxygen-poor period, oxygenation may be worthwhile.
Alteration of Caenorhabditis elegans gene expression by targeted transformation.

Abstract We have produced strains carrying a synthetic fusion of parts of two vitellogenin genes, vit-2 and vit-6, integrated into the Caenorhabditis elegans genome. In most of the 63 transformant strains, the plasmid sequences are integrated at random locations in the genome. However, in two strains the transgene integrated by homologous recombination into the endogenous vit-2 gene. In both cases the reciprocal exchange between the chromosome and the injected circular plasmid containing a promoter deletion led to switching of the plasmid-borne promoter and the endogenous promoter, with a reduction in vit-2 expression. Thus in nematodes, transforming DNA can integrate by homologous recombination to result in partial inactivation of the chromosomal locus. The simplicity of the event and its reasonably high frequency suggest that gene targeting by homologous recombination should be considered as a method for directed inactivation of C. elegans genes.
Geometric Mechanics of Curved Crease Origami

Folding a sheet of paper along a curve can lead to structures seen in decorative art and utilitarian packing boxes. Here we present a theory for the simplest such structure: an annular circular strip that is folded along a central circular curve to form a three-dimensional buckled structure driven by geometrical frustration. We quantify this shape in terms of the radius of the circle, the dihedral angle of the fold, and the mechanical properties of the sheet of paper and the fold itself. When the sheet is isometrically deformed everywhere except along the fold itself, stiff folds result in creases with constant curvature and oscillatory torsion. However, relatively softer folds inherit the broken symmetry of the buckled shape with oscillatory curvature and torsion. Our asymptotic analysis of the isometrically deformed state is corroborated by numerical simulations that allow us to generalize our analysis to study structures with multiple curved creases.
Ethanol on graphite: The influence of hydrogen bonding on surface melting

Neutron diffraction demonstrates that ethanol physisorbed on the basal planes of graphite forms a commensurate unit cell with a melting temperature of approximately 205 K for coverages from 0.7 to 1.6 monolayers. This temperature is 46 K above the melting temperature of bulk ethanol, making this system unique among species physisorbed on graphite. A microscopic model of the system has been developed using a molecular dynamics simulation. It predicts a two-step mechanism for melting and demonstrates that hydrogen bonding plays a dominant role in stabilizing the two-dimensional solid.
Polarographic Reduction of Alkylarsonic and Dialkylarsinic Acids

Abstract The polarographic reduction of the alkylarsonic acids, CnH2n+1AsO3H2 (n=1–8) and the dialkylarsinic acids (CnH2n+1)2AsOOH (n=2–4; c-C6H11) by differential pulse polarography is described.
Counseling Survivors of Suicide: Implications for Group Postvention

Abstract A structured group experience in which support is provided by other survivors best meets the special needs of people bereaved by suicide, who generally receive less sympathy than other bereaved individuals.
Religion and Well‐Being in Aging Persons in an Aging Society

Religion's effects upon well-being in later life should be considered separately from other points in the life span because older persons demonstrate the highest levels of religious participation of any age group, religious institutions frequently offer services of various kinds to elders, and religious traditions articulate values about aging that support well-being. Although it has been suggested that religion can sometimes adversely affect the well-being of older people, many empirical studies find a salutary effect of religion on late-life well-being. Findings about religion's positive effects upon older adults' well-being have implications for social service agencies, long-term care facilities, educational institutions, health care services, and congregations.
Inner algorithm test for controllability and observability

In this note it is shown how the double triangularization algorithm developed for computing inners determinants can be adapted to test the controllability matrix ( B,AB,.., A^{n-1}B ) and observability matrix ( C^{T},A^{T}C^{T},...,(A^{T})^{n-1}C^{T} ) to have rank of " n ." The controllability and observability conditions are shown to be equivalent to n^{2} \times n(n + l - 1 ) and n(n + l' - 1) \times n^{2} innerwise matrices to be nonsingular (i.e., to have a rank n2).
Effect of spin-orbit interaction on the quenching of the acoustoelectric current in a quasi-one-dimensional channel

We investigate the effect that the Rashba spin-orbit (SO) coupling has on the quenching of the acoustoelectric current in a narrow channel. For an electrostatic potential $V(\mathbf{r},t)$, the SO Hamiltonian is given by ${H}_{SO}=[\ensuremath{\hbar}∕{(2{m}^{*}c)}^{2}]\mathbf{\ensuremath{\nabla}}V∙(\mathbf{\ensuremath{\sigma}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathbf{p})$. Here, $\mathbf{p}$ is the particle momentum and $\mathbf{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ is the vector of Pauli matrices. The confining potential $V(\mathbf{r},t)$ arises from the electrostatic potential within the channel due to a powerful surface acoustic wave (SAW) launched in a piezoelectric material, plus the two-dimensional confinement at the heterojunction as well as the potential defining the narrow channel between split metal gates. Working in the adiabatic approximation, we demonstrate that the SO interaction increases the confinement of a captured electron in a moving SAW quantum dot and may consequently improve the quenching of the quantized acoustoelectric current.
In Vitro Synthesis of Oviductal Proteins Associated with Estrus and 17β-Estradiol-Treated Ovariectomized Ewes

The objectives of this study were: 1) to identify and characterize ewe oviductal secretory proteins (OSP) de novo synthesized during the estrous cycle; 2) to examine the effect of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) on synthesis of OSP; and 3) to determine synthesis of OSP by ampulla (A) and isthmus (I). Oviducts were collected from cyclic ewes on days 1, 8, and 16 and ovariectomized (OVX) ewes after treatment with corn oil (CO), E, P, and E + P. Tissue was incubated in the presence of 3H-leucine or 3H-glucosamine. Rates of 3H-leucine incorporation into nondialyzable macromolecules by explants was greater (P < 0.05) on day 1 than days 8 and 16, greater (P = 0.01) in OVX E-treated ewes, greater in A than I regardless of treatment and greater (P < 0.05) in A than I with E. Culture medium was analyzed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Two major basic proteins (Mr 90- 92,000) and three minor proteins were only present on day 1 of estrus. E treatment demonstrated th...
Band-Pass Filtering by Below-Cut-off Waveguides Loaded with Split-Ring Resonators: Relevance to Lefthandedness

Electromagnetic (EM) response of broadside coupled split-ring resonators (BC-SRRs) in standard waveguides is found to be affected by additional resonance-like field enhancement in the gaps between the resonators and the waveguide. This resonance-like response defines the dominant peak of EM transmission below cut-off. FDTD simulations of experiments used to demonstrate subwavelength pass-band in waveguides loaded by a chain of BC-SRRs show that the net magnetic moment of the resonators is equal to zero in this band. Therefore, the response of the BC-SRRs cannot be characterized by effective negative permeability, and, hence, the subwavelength transmission can not be attributed to the double negativity of the medium.
Fear of Deportation is not Associated with Medical or Dental Care Use Among Mexican-Origin Farmworkers Served by a Federally-Qualified Health Center—Faith-Based Partnership: An Exploratory Study

Migrant and seasonal farmworkers face many health risks with limited access to health care and promotion services. This study explored whether fear of deportation (as a barrier), and church attendance (as an enabling factor), were associated with medical and dental care use among Mexican-origin farmworkers. Interviews were conducted with 179 farmworkers who attended mobile services provided by a local federally-qualified health center (FQHC) in partnership with area churches, during the 2007 agricultural season. The majority of respondents (87 %) were afraid of being deported, and many (74 %) attended church. Although about half of participants reported poor/fair physical (49 %) and dental (58 %) health, only 37 % of farmworkers used medical care and 20 % used dental care during the previous year. Fear of deportation was not associated with use of medical or dental care; while church attendance was associated with use of dental care. Findings suggest that despite high prevalence of fear of deportation, support by FQHCs and churches may enable farmworkers to access health care services.
Drifting derelict trajectories in the North Atlantic

In December 1883 the U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office, a branch of the Bureau of Navigation of the Navy Department, began to publish monthly Pilot Charts. Earlier, oceanographer M.F. Maury had produced some summary survey charts showing ocean currents, winds, sailing routes, and the locations of whales. The new charts were unique in that they showed updated positions of derelict vessels and other drifting debris. From this series of positions of identified derelicts the first ocean trajectories were obtained. Much of this information has been forgotten during the last 100 years, and good collections of the Pilot Charts are rare. (The only complete collection that I could find is held by the Defense Mapping Agency.) This article is a recompilation and description of these early trajectories and a reminder of the usefulness of the Pilot Charts. It also provides a glimpse of a little known part of maritime history, the last days of wooden sailing vessels.
Importance of metabolites in antiarrhythmic therapy

The presence of metabolites with pharmacologic activity can produce unanticipated drug efficacy or toxicity. This is particularly true during treatment with drugs that have narrow therapeutic-toxic ratios, such as the antiarrhythmic agents. The presence of active metabolites can often be inferred from variability in the relation between pharmacologic effect and steady-state plasma concentrations of the parent drug. Moreover, metabolites may ordinarily be unimportant but can accumulate to therapeutic (or toxic) levels in disease states such as congestive heart failure, renal failure and hepatic failure. Further characterization of the contribution of such metabolites during treatment requires direct evaluation of their pharmacology in vitro, in animal models and, if indicated, in man. Procainamide and its active metabolite N-acetylprocainamide provide the best and most complete example of this sequence of observations. Other drugs, including quinidine, disopyramide, verapamil and the investigational agents encainide and lorcainide, have active metabolites for which pharmacologic activity is less well-defined. Further studies in this area will help reduce the frequency of antiarrhythmic drug adverse effects, make successful therapy more frequent, and perhaps allow insights into structure-activity relations.