cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Software Engineering Education in the New World: What Needs to Change?

Software Engineering, as a discipline has made significant progress towards becoming an engineering profession over the last 45 years. As evidence of this the 3rd version of the guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge was recently released. Additionally there are reference curricula for undergraduate and graduate education in software engineering. During the past 45 years the state of the practice has made significant progress as well. Some of that progress is reflected in the SWEBOK and associated curriculum, but the software engineering practice in the segment of industry that produces internet scale systems is not well supported by the guide to the SWEBOK, reference curriculum, or current software engineering degree programs. This paper presents a study of the current state of the practice in software engineering organizations and compares the results with the core body of knowledge recommended by the software engineering reference curriculum.
Effect of age, family status, and physical activity on selected dietary components of TAC pilots

This study gathered dietary data on Tactical Air Command (TAC) pilots for descriptive and analytic purposes. One hundred eighteen TAC pilots from five bases were interviewed concerning their diet, age, family configuration, and exercise level. Dietary information was recorded using the PruCal 3-day dietary report form, while the remaining information was recorded on a personal interview form. Pilots were grouped according to age (three levels), family configuration (three levels), and exercise (three levels). The groups in each category were tested (analysis of variance) for differences in their intake of protein, carbohydrates, fat, alcohol, and caffeine, and for demographic differences. Differences between exercise groups were found for weight and carbohydrates consumed. Age group differences were seen in alcohol intake and fat consumption. Further findings suggest pilots do not have diets which meet dietary guidelines. There appears to be a need for nutrition education, dietary modification programs, and further study of the diets of TAC pilots.
Synthesis and Protonation of an Encumbered Iron Tetraisocyanide Dianion

Reported here are synthetic studies probing highly reduced iron centers in an encumbering tetraisocyano ligand environment. Treatment of FeCl2 with sodium amalgam in the presence of 2 equiv of the m-terphenyl isocyanide CNArMes2 (ArMes2 = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)2C6H3) produces the disodium tetraisocyanoferrate Na2[Fe(CNArMes2)4]. Structural characterization of Na2[Fe(CNArMes2)4] revealed a tight ion pair, with the Fe center adopting a tetrahedral coordination geometry consistent with a d10 metal center. Attempts to disrupt the cation–anion contacts in Na2[Fe(CNArMes2)4] with cation-sequestration reagents lead to decomposition, except for the case of 18-crown-6, where a mononuclear complex featuring a dianionic 1-azabenz[b]azulene ligand was isolated in low yield. Formation of this 1-azabenz[b]azulene is rationalized to proceed by an aza-Buchner ring expansion of a CNArMes2 ligand mediated by a coordinatively unsaturated Fe center. Disodium tetraisocyanoferrate Na2[Fe(CNArMes2)4] is readily protonated by trime...
An implementation of IEEE 1451 NCAP for Internet access of serial port-based sensors

A major inhibiting factor to the development of networked digital (smart) sensors is the lack of a single sensor network/bus standard. Over fifty networks are in common use and no single standard is likely to emerge in the near future. In response, a NIST-sponsored initiative has developed the IEEE 1451 sensor interface standard which can be considered a universal interface between digital sensors/actuators and the network interface/driver, together with a standard electronic data sheet format. To date there has been little implementation of the standard by the sensor industry, probably due to dissatisfaction with the specific hardware interface (10-line), the complex software features, and the unavailability of a compatible commercial network interface. The device being reported here is intended to address these problems. The IEEE 1451 compatible interface between the Internet/Ethernet and serial ports described here is related to a series of websensors (sensors with a direct Internet address) previously developed by Esensors. The interface is an IEEE 1451 Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP). The NCAP (EM04) connects to the Internet through Ethernet. Within the NCAP is a communication board capable of receiving and sending email using the standard TCP/IP format. A second board formats sensor data to/from the serial ports. The available serial formats are: RS232, RS485, TII, Microlan/1-wire, IEEE-1451.4, Esbus, and 12C. The connector is 25-pin type D connector. Three select pins (eg. 010 for TII) configure the interface to the desired port format (RS232 is default). The external Smart Transducer Interface Module (STIM) or digital sensor must be connected to the appropriate pins assigned to tit at serial format. Included are several versions (some non-standard or proposed) of the Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS). Only parts of the full IEEE 1451.2 software requirements have been implemented.
Benchmarking a network storage service

Benchmarking a network file server introduces some unique considerations over traditional benchmarking scenarios. Since the user is executing on a client system interconnected to the file server, the client and network must be provided for during benchmarking. During a recent procurement action, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) was challenged to develop a benchmark suite that would accurately test the network requirements. The authors describe the benchmark design and summarize the experience gained from the benchmark execution. SNL offered three possible benchmark configurations. All options were used by different vendors. Therefore, each option was tested and each successfully executed the benchmark tests. Since the tests employed the actual commands the end users will execute, SNL feels that it has obtained a high level of assurance that end-user functionality and performance have been achieved. >
Two Decades of Enhancing Children's Environmental Health Protection at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Summary:This article provides an overview of public health efforts by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during the past two decades to protect children’s health from environmental haza...
The Growing Integration of Bourgeois and Bohemian Culture

In this chapter, I start by discussing the growing tendency of the middle class to embrace bohemian culture, and imitate lifestyles launched by bohemian artists. I then discuss two influential works that proclaimed that bohemian culture has become thoroughly integrated with bourgeois culture, David Brooks Bobo’s in Paradise, and Richard Florida’s The Rise of the Creative Class, and explain why I decided to draw on the later work rathar than the former.
Malignant Histiocytosis Simulating Granulomatous Disease

In its clinical presentation, malignant histiocytosis may mimic infections or hematologic neoplasms, and pathologically it may be mistaken for Hodgkin’s disease, histiocytic lymphoma, or viral lymphadenitis. The case histories of three patients in whom malignant histiocytosis clinically and pathologically simulated granulomatous diseases are reported. Erythrophagocytosis was not present in the initial bone marrow aspirates from two of the patients. One patient was considered to have sarcoidosis or Wegener’s granulomatosis; the second patient, Weber-Christian disease, and the third patient, a granulomatous disease of infectious origin. Granulomas have been found in tissues of patients who have Hodgkin’s disease, but have been found only rarely in association with malignant histiocytosis. An explanation for the presence of granulomas in association with malignant histiocytosis is offered; they may represent a phase in the evolution of the disease.
Chapter 6 – Testing and Debugging

When writing codes in Python, or any language, mistakes can happen and cause the code to behave in undesired ways. These mistakes, called bugs, need to be found by the programmer, and we discuss this process of debugging to remove these errors. As part of debugging we demonstrate the necessity of designing tests to assure that a code performs the required task. A key tool in the process of debugging is the assert statement, and we show how to use it to find bugs in a code. Additionally, the concept of error handling is shown as a way to handle unexpected behavior inside the code, and to correct errors when possible.
Bench-to-Bedside: A Translational Perspective on Murine Models of Sepsis

Abstract Background: Considerable research effort has focused on the development of novel therapies for the treatment of sepsis, yet after decades of clinical trials, few significant advances have been achieved. This limitation persists despite a wealth of data yielded by basic science that has expanded our knowledge of the biology of this disease exponentially. Method: Review of the English-language literature. Results: Translational researchers may address the resultant gap between the basic science laboratory and clinical research worlds. Herein, we review potential causes for the challenges of translating basic laboratory discovery into clinical benefit. Conclusion: We propose conceptual platforms to further the development of translational sepsis research efforts.
Design and analysis of a novel ICS solar water heater with CPC reflectors

Abstract In this paper, a new design of an integrated collector storage (ICS) solar water heater combined with compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is presented. The ICS system consists of one cylindrical tank properly mounted in a stationary symmetrical CPC reflector through. In this solar system, the cylindrical storage tank surface is partially insulated at the back side at 50%, so as to suppress thermal losses from it to the ambiance. The system depth and aperture width are moderated. The optical efficiency of the ICS solar water heater was predicted using advanced ray tracing technique. The result shows that the acceptance angle is 40°. A theoretical study was carried out to predict the thermal behaviour of the system under Saharan climate. The results are presented and discussed.
Clinical Relevance Versus Statistical Significance: Aman and Colleagues Respond to Editorial.

We would like to respond to the thought-provoking editorial by Dr. Jon McClellan1 regarding our article "Clinical Implications from the Treatment of Severe Childhood Aggression (TOSCA) Study: A Re-Analysis and Integration of Findings," published in the December 2017 issue of JAACAP.2 We address some issues on which we partially disagree, and comment on convergence of opinion.
Teaching military medical ethics at the uniformed services university of the health sciences.

The military medical ethics curriculum is outlined by the director of medical ethics programs at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Teacher Expectations and Student Learning

The potentially adverse influence that teacher perceptions may have on student achievement and achievement motivation has been an increasing concern of educational researchers. This concern has heightened with the passage of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94–142) and the current movement to mainstream exceptional children into regular classrooms. One type of perception which is thought to be potentially detrimental to student achievement and achieve¬ment motivation is a teacher’s perception of the achievement level of students. It has been suggested that teacher perceptions of student achievement levels can be detrimental, in that they may influence the teacher’s expectations. These expectations in turn affect the way a teacher interacts with his or her students and, consequently, may cause students to exhibit patterns of behavior and academic performance that conform to teacher expectations. Furthermore, conformity to teacher expectations is more likely to have an adverse impact on students whom teachers perceive to be low in their expectancy to achieve. The underlying assumption here is that the behavior of students is more or less directed toward certain expectations (the teacher’s as well as their own), and the extent to which these expectations influence their behavior will depend upon a multitude of situational and psychological factors.
Undocumented Speakers and Freedom of Speech; a Relatively Uncontroversial Approach

The question of broad federal constitutional free speech rights for undocumented speakers is generally unexplored in the case law and the law review literature. This Article sketches a case for such rights based on a relatively uncontroversial argument. Briefly, free speech rights generally are inherently relational. They may be enforced either by potentially willing speakers or by potentially willing listeners. As a practical matter, there are a number of current citizen-voters who, for the sake of more fully informing themselves on a broad range of cultural, economic, legal, and political issues, would prefer to hear from the broadest possible range of relevant sources. Such sources would presumably include a broad range of physically present undocumented persons with diverse experiences. As a general matter, punishing or preventing the speech of undocumented persons, where they would otherwise be willing to speak, invokes the clearly established free speech rights of the willing potential listeners among citizen-voters. The willing undocumented speakers in such cases thus wind up with what we might call pragmatic or de facto free speech rights, subject to appropriate regulation. A number of points of clarification and alternative analyses are then addressed.
Sensory Reception and Somatesthesia

Sensory receptors provide information to the central nervous system (CNS) about the status of the environment. Each sensory receptor responds to a particular kind of stimulus energy (chemical, electromagnetic, mechanical, or thermal). Sensory receptors are transducers that are specialized to transform the stimulus energy into an electrochemical potential. Information about the stimulus is encoded by the discharge of action potentials in the sensory nerve. These sensory discharges are then conducted to the sensory areas of the nervous system where they are decoded and analyzed.
Providers’ adherence to surveillance recommendations for colon and rectal cancer survivors.

e21571Background: Surveillance for patients of colon (CC) and rectal cancer (RC) is a core dimension of quality survivorship care. Minimum standards of care (MSoCs) were embedded in clinical algori...
Strangulated Inguinal Hernia: Options and Strategies

Although inguinal hernias are common, the incidence of strangulated inguinal hernias is low. Strangulated inguinal hernias occur when blood supply to the incarcerated structures is compromised leading to ischemia, necrosis, and perforation. As a result, strangulated inguinal hernias are a surgical emergency to prevent progression to perforation. Operative approaches include open tissue-based repairs, open mesh-based repairs, and minimally invasive repairs. The approach that is selected depends on the patient’s presentation, the patient’s prior operations, and surgeon experience. Tissue-based repairs should be performed when there is diffuse peritonitis or gross contamination due to concern for infection. Mesh-based repairs should be performed if the entire bowel is viable due to the low rate of hernia recurrence. In the event a bowel resection must be performed, the decision to perform a tissue-based or mesh-based repair should be made on a case-by-case basis. Regardless of the approach selected, immediate intervention is required to obtain the best outcomes.
Mapping RNA Interactions to Proteins in Virions Using CLIP-Seq

RNA nanotechnology often involves protein-RNA complexes that require significant understanding of how the proteins and RNAs contact each other. The CLIP-Seq (cross-linking immunoprecipitation, and DNA sequencing) protocol can be used to probe the RNA molecules that interact with proteins. We have optimized the procedures for RNA fragmentation, immunoprecipitation, and library construction in CLIP-Seq to map the interactions between the RNA and the capsid of a simple positive-strand RNA virus. The results show that distinct portions of the viral RNA contact the capsid. The protocol should be applicable to other RNA virions and also RNA-protein nanoparticles.
A Case for Lease-Based, Utilitarian Resource Management on Mobile Devices

Mobile apps have become indispensable in our daily lives, but many apps are not designed to be energy-aware that they may consume the constrained resources on mobile devices in a wasteful manner. Blindly throttling heavy resource usage, while helps reducing energy consumption, prohibits apps from taking advantages of the resources to do useful work. We argue that addressing this issue requires mobile OS to continuously assess if a resource is still truly needed even after it is granted to an app. This paper proposes that lease, a mechanism commonly used in distributed systems, is a well-suited abstraction in resource-constrained mobile devices to mitigate app energy misbehavior. We design a lease-based, utilitarian resource management mechanism, LeaseOS, that analyzes the utility of a resource to an app at each lease term, and then makes lease decisions based on the utility. We implement LeaseOS on top of the latest Android OS and evaluate it with 20 real-world apps with energy bugs. LeaseOS reduces wasted power by 92% on average and significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art Android Doze and DefDroid. It also did not cause any usability disruption to the evaluated apps. LeaseOS itself incurs negligible energy overhead.
Discussion of Functional Performance

Facility performance can be measured in terms of costs, benefits of alternative locations, building systems, furnishings and interior design. The research presented in the Keynote focuses on one facet, namely, the assessment of employee's rating of environmental conditions within their offices and the actual and perceived effects on personal productivity and well-being. Research methods are just in their infancy and a Catholic approach needs to be taken in their application. They do have a place in assessing facility performance and the suitability of a facility to meet the functional requirements of occupants. Concern for effective use of organizational resources in conducting surveys is important Future work linking productivity to facility performance will be very worthwhile.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles and related tricyclic indoles

Abstract Reduction of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ones using palladium on carbon under 1 atm of hydrogen gas at ambient temperature affords 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles in excellent isolated yields. The starting materials were prepared by intermolecular Stille coupling of 2-iodo-2-cyclohexen-1-ones with 2-(tributylstannyl)-1-nitrobenzenes.
Three-step resonance ionization of zirconium with Ti:Sapphire lasers

Abstract Three-step resonance ionization of atomic zirconium using Ti:Sapphire lasers is investigated for the first time. We have located eight new excited states between 41,160 and 41,824 cm−1 that could serve as the intermediate state for the second-step transition. Three-step ionization paths via two of the newly observed states have been studied and numerous high-lying and autoionizing levels are observed. Eight new Rydberg series of odd-parity are identified in the photoionization spectra. The convergence limits of these Rydberg series allow us to determine the first ionization potential of Zr to be 53,507.832(35)stat(20)sys cm−1 with an order of magnitude improvement in uncertainty over the previous measurements. In addition, our measurements for one of the selected three-step paths show that the transitions can be saturated with low to moderate laser powers.
Epigenetic Biomarkers of Aging

The development of valid and reliable biomarkers of aging has become a major initiative in Geroscience research. Our ability to distinguish biological from chronological age will enable identification of accelerated versus decelerated agers, and could also provide a valuable tool for assessing intervention efficacy. While various types of data can be used to quantify “biological age”, perhaps the most successful applications have been using DNA methylation data. To date nearly a dozen different “epigenetic clocks” have been develop—most of which track age in a variety of tissues and cell types. Nevertheless, while they seem to share some characteristics, such as robust age prediction, their associations with age-related outcomes vary substantially. In moving forward, the utility of such measures will depend on our understanding of (1) why specific CpG dinucleotides exhibit such consistent DNAm changes over time, (2) what pathways or hallmarks are driven and/or reflected by alterations of DNAm, and (3) perhaps most importantly, whether these patterns of aging are amenable to intervention.
Nonlinear ARDL estimation of tourism demand for Puerto Rico from the USA

Abstract This study estimates the long-run demand for tourism for Puerto Rico (1970–2016) from the USA. Since income elasticity may not be symmetric through business cycles, it becomes necessary to account for the asymmetric impact of changes in income on tourism demand. To this end, the study utilizes the nonlinear ARDL framework of Shin et al. (2014) to investigate the asymmetric cointegration. The results indicate the existence of an asymmetric or nonlinear cointegration relationship between Puerto Rico's tourism demand and its determinants. The long-run asymmetric income elasticities suggest that a 1% increase in US's real per capita GDP leads to a 1.9% increase in Puerto Rico's tourism earnings, while a 1% decrease in US's real per capita GDP produces a 4.8% reduction in tourism receipts.
Electronic-Electromagnetic Multiphysics Modeling for Terahertz Plasmonics: A Review

In this article, we review numerical and analytical methods of electronic-electromagnetic multiphysics modeling for terahertz plasmonic applications. Approaches within semiclassical regime of electronic transport are considered, as these are appropriate for examining plasma-wave phenomenology in 2-D electron gas systems, commonly found in high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) and graphene sheets. In modeling of such electronic-plasmonic devices, coupling of incident electromagnetic wave to the device or emission from the device needs to be modeled. Therefore, electronic-electromagnetic coupled multiphysics multiscale models are required. In such modeling problems, the domain consists of large regions where electrodynamic equations are to be solved. Therefore, overall time efficiency relies on the speed of solution of electrodynamic equations. Nevertheless, the electrodynamic solution's speed is limited by the smallest grid sizes, which are a function of electronic transport equations. To address these issues, unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and iterative alternating directional implicit (ADI)-FDTD methods, coupled with hydrodynamic equations, are reviewed. Advantages and compromises between FDTD, ADI-FDTD, and iterative ADI-FDTD-based global modeling are discussed and conclusions are summarized.
Assessing the Role of the Federal Government in the Development of New Products, Industries, and Companies: Case Study Evidence Since World War II

Assessing the Role of the Federal Government in the Development of New Products, Industries, and Companies: Case Study Evidence since World War II
The Association Between Admiration of Antisocial Peers and Past 30-Day Opioid Misuse Among Justice-Involved Children

Aim: Prevention of illicit or nonmedical opioid use, called opioid misuse (OM) is a key public health concern that requires research on the factors that influence OM initiation among high-risk popu...
Outcomes of an Integrated STEM High School: Enabling Access and Achievement for All Students:

There has been considerable movement in the United States toward an integrated approach to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) which leverages English/language arts, social stu...
A Cautionary Note on Identification and Scaling Issues in Second-order Latent Growth Models

The second-order latent growth models (2nd-order LGMs) have been recommended to analyze longitudinal data when latent constructs are measured by multiple indicators. However, identification and sca...
COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management.

Background The coronavirus disease of 2019, also known as COVID-19, has been declared a global pandemic. Significant controversies exist regarding treatment modalities for this novel disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. Experience with management of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients is scarce; effects of this virus on immunosuppressed individuals are not well understood. Methods We identified 30 renal transplant recipients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who were admitted to inpatient between March 2020 and April 2020. All patients received a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin; half of the patients received methylprednisolone. During hospitalization, calcineurin inhibitors and antimetabolites were held; prednisone was continued. Results Clinical presentation of flu-like symptoms was similar to those in the general population. Hyponatremia, lymphopenia, acute kidney injury, and elevated inflammatory markers were common. Over the course of follow-up, 23 have been discharged home with a functioning allograft and in stable condition; 4 experienced acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy; 7 patients were intubated, and 6 expired. The mortality rate in our cohort was 20%. Conclusion Our findings described the characteristics and outcomes of this highly fatal illness in a multi-ethnic kidney transplant cohort, with insights on immunosuppression management that could further our understanding of this unique disease in immunocompromised populations.
A Simultaneous Safety Analysis of Crash Frequency and Severity for Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: The Competing Risks Method

This paper proposes a mathematical model, the competing risks method, to investigate highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) crash frequency and crash severity simultaneously over a 30-year period. The proposed competing risks model is a special type of survival analysis to accommodate the competing nature of multiple outcomes from the same event of interest; in this case, the competing multiple outcomes are crash severities, while event of interest is crash occurrence. Knowledge-gain-based benefits to be discovered through the application of this model and 30-year dataset are as follows: (1) a straightforward and integrated one-step estimation process that considers both crash frequency and severity likelihood in the same model, so direct hazard ranking considering both crash frequency and severity likelihood is possible; (2) interpretative effects of identified covariates from both the direction and magnitude perspectives; and (3) the long-term cumulative effect of contributors with the cumulative incidence function.
The “refugee crisis” and the transformation of the far right and the political mainstream: the extreme case of the Czech Republic

The effects of the so-called “refugee crisis” seem to be particularly pronounced in Central and Eastern Europe. However, its impact has rarely been systematically analyzed in this particular region...
Ba Duan Jin As a Treatment for Physical Ailments: A Bibliography of Recent Medical Research

Ba duan jin consists of a series of eight qigong exercises that have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of physical ailments. This bibliography lists recent medical studies that have been published in 2019 and the first eight months of 2020 on the use of ba duan jin to treat illness. The present bibliography is part of a series on the economics of qigong. Other studies in this series are listed at the end of this bibliography.
Police Reform Through Section 1983

For decades, members of the Chicago Police Department (CPD) engaged in a protracted campaign of corruption, terror, and violence against Black and brown Chicagoans. Intermittent efforts to reform or otherwise rein in the CPD invariably fell short. In late 2014, a CPD officer murdered a 17-year-old Chicagoan, Laquan McDonald. CPD officials and city leaders attempted to whitewash the killing as a justified use of deadly force, but—thanks to the work of local organizers and a national pressure campaign—McDonald’s death instead led to a yearlong investigation by the federal Department of Justice (DOJ). Ordinarily, such an investigation would have resulted in a federal lawsuit to enjoin unconstitutional police practices; after the election of the stridently pro-police candidate Donald Trump to the Presidency, the prospect of federally monitored reform in Chicago seemed extinguished. But Illinois’ attorney general was undaunted—and instead launched a groundbreaking litigation that would bring CPD under federal supervision for years to come. The largest reformist and abolitionist movement—indeed, the largest protest movement—in American history erupted this past summer in response to police violence against and unwarranted killings of Black and brown people. Given the moral urgency of the participants’ demands and the necessity of protecting Black lives from state violence, this Article argues that the states must respond by following Illinois’ lead. It contends that 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the statute at the heart of the state’s suit, provides a tenable basis upon which states may sue to obtain police reform with federal-court oversight. It posits as well that the states may overcome the limitations on Section 1983 relief imposed by Lyons, the daunting standing requirements instituted by Lujan, and the specter of federal field preemption through the doctrine of parens patriae, which holds that sovereign entities are entitled to special deference in obtaining federal standing on their citizens’ collective behalf. The Article concludes by calling the states to this greater project—that is, repurposing Section 1983 as a mechanism for obtaining for marginalized communities legal redress that would be otherwise unavailable—and by framing police reform as a necessary step on a path toward police abolition.
SARS-CoV-2 infects human adult donor eyes and hESC-derived ocular epithelium.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused unparalleled disruption of global behavior and significant loss of life. To minimize SARS-CoV-2 spread, understanding the mechanisms of infection from all possible routes of entry is essential. While aerosol transmission is thought to be the primary route of spread, viral particles have been detected in ocular fluid, suggesting that the eye may be a vulnerable point of viral entry. To this end, we confirmed SARS-CoV-2 entry factor and antigen expression in post-mortem COVID-19 patient ocular surface tissue and observed productive viral replication in cadaver samples and eye organoid cultures, most notably in limbal regions. Transcriptional analysis of ex vivo infected ocular surface cells and hESC-derived eye cultures revealed robust induction of NF-κB in infected cells as well as diminished type I/III interferon signaling. Together these data suggest that the eye can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2 and implicate limbus as a portal for viral entry.
Radio frequency heating and material processing using carbon susceptors

Carbon nanomaterials have been shown to rapidly evolve heat in response to electromagnetic fields. Initial studies focused on the use of microwaves, but more recently, it was discovered that carbon nanomaterial systems heat in response to electric fields in the radio frequency range (RF, 1–200 MHz). This is an exciting development because this range of radio frequencies is safe and versatile compared to microwaves. Additional RF susceptor materials include other carbonaceous materials such as carbon black, graphite, graphene oxide, laser-induced graphene, and carbon fibers. Such conductive fillers can be dispersed in matrices such as polymer or ceramics; these composites heat rapidly when stimulated by electromagnetic waves. These findings are valuable for materials processing, where volumetric and/or targeted heating are needed, such as curing composites, bonding multi-material surfaces, additive manufacturing, chemical reactions, actuation, and medical ablation. By changing the loading of these conductive RF susceptors in the embedding medium, material properties can be customized to achieve different heating rates, with possible other benefits in thermo-mechanical properties. Compared to traditional heating and processing methods, RF heating provides faster heating rates with lower infrastructure requirements and better energy efficiency; non-contact RF applicators or capacitors can be used for out-of-oven processing, allowing for distributed manufacturing.
Two-Phase Milli/Microchannel Cooling for SiC Power Module using Dielectric Fluid Coolant

This paper proposes a novel approach for thermal management of a SiC power module using a two-phase mili/microchannel coldplate utilizing a dielectric fluid coolant. Simulation results show the superior thermal performance of two-phase mili/microchannel compared to a conventional single-phase coldplate, with a 36% reduction in chip temperature rise and up to 400 times better reliability. The experimental validation is done by comparison of two-phase cooling and single-phase cooling performance. The test results show that up to 81% improvement in junction temperature rise and 2.41 times reduction of thermal resistance of coldplate are achieved, which demonstrates the advantages of two-phase mili/microchannel cooling.
A STRUCTURED METHODOLOGY FOR ADJUSTING PERCEIVED RISK

This papers details the background and the use of a structured analysis for risk assessment based on the Risk Homeostasis Theory. The general global theory of perceived risky behavior is examined and is shown to be applicable to a specific task, as opposed to theoretical constructs only. The Risk Homeostasis Theory is used here as a basis, for conducting a detailed risk analysis of aviation activities.
Tobin’s q, managerial ownership, and analyst coverage: A nonlinear simultaneous equations model

Abstract This paper estimates a simultaneous equations model with analyst coverage, managerial ownership and firm valuation jointly determined within the system. We argue that both managerial ownership (serving an internal monitoring function) and analyst coverage (serving an external monitoring function) enhance firm value, while managerial ownership and analyst coverage are substitutes in the monitoring of the firm. The empirical results based upon a nonlinear three-stage-least-square procedure lead to several interesting conclusions: First, we find a diminishing substitution effect between managerial ownership and analyst coverage and a decreasing marginal value for managerial ownership. Second, we find support for both an alignment effect and an entrenchment effect in the relationship between managerial ownership and Tobin’s Q after controlling for the effect of analyst coverage. Third, we find support for the argument that analyst coverage serves to enhance firm valuation after controlling for the effect of managerial ownership. Finally, we find that analyst coverage, managerial ownership and firm valuation are jointly determined. Keywords: Firm value; Managerial ownership; Analyst coverage JEL classification: G30; G32
Probability Models of Juridical Proof: It's Time to Kick Bayes Out on His Posterior

The application of probability theory to the study of juridical proof has long been dominated by the Bayesian decision paradigm. I argue that the classical hypothesis-test paradigm is unambiguously better-adapted to the task, for several reasons. The fact-finder's Bayesian "prior" is poorly defined or undefined and unreliable in close cases; the associated "posterior" discards information as to the precision of the estimate of the likelihood ratio, to no apparent advantage; and the Bayesian model is vulnerable to well-known "proof paradoxes" that unnecessarily weaken the effort to model the fact-finding process mathematically. The single strongest argument to prefer Bayes is that the legal system values erroneous trial outcomes for Plaintiff and those for Defendant as equally bad. In this article, I demonstrate that the classical model suffers none of the enumerated weaknesses of the Bayesian model, and that there are many reasons to doubt the Bayesians' postulated loss function. I argue, instead, that the legal system values not trial outcomes but rather litigation outcomes (i.e. from the filing of the lawsuit to the collection of any judgment) evenly. Finally, I propose an alternative approach to modeling the process of juridical proof, based in the theory of linear regression and its attractive properties for efficient prediction of the truth of the elements of Plaintiff's claim.
A Green Venture Fund to Finance Clean Technology for Developing Countries

Climate negotiators in Cancun reached agreement that long-term climate finance will include a commitment by developed countries to mobilize US $100 billion per year to help developing countries combat climate change. However, that level of investment will require substantial capital from private investors, particularly for innovation and commercialization. We propose a public-private green venture fund (GVF) to promote development and deployment of low-carbon technologies for developing countries. The GVF will use a fund of funds model backed by public “cornerstone” equity. In this paper, we propose a structure for the GVF and explain the design rationale, operating principles and key parameters for two funds of funds for technology innovation and deployment. We also highlight some key issues to be considered, including differential treatment of public and private investors and possible approaches to setting technology priorities.
A Review of Business Communication Under the Leadership Function

An effective way to perpetuate an academic discipline is to identify and to define its intellectual and historical roots, then to set such roots in the foundation textbooks and courses of the discipline. In that regard, Business Communication still struggles to establish its roots when compared to other disciplines in business schools, particularly Management. For this study, we undertook an extensive review of significant scholarly works on Business Communication as a discipline. We discovered there are prevalent themes in the broader context of rhetoric, technology, culture, dissemination, and impression; and this was confirmed by our examining the tables of contents for five leading Business Communication textbooks. We also found in the tables of contents for five leading management textbooks that all professional communication areas were placed under the leading function. Based on these findings, we recommend that Business Communication scholars, authors, and teachers embrace the five themes of business communication under the leading function to better establish and promote Business Communication as a discipline.
The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma, by Bessel van der Kolk

The Body Keeps the Score gives readers an insightful look at how trauma affects the brain, body, and mind. It deftly interweaves practice wisdom and research findings. For example, van der Kolk bea...
Cholera Toxins: Immunogenicity of the Rabbit Ileal Loop Toxin and Related Antigens

Abstract A method of assay of immunogenic potency of the cholera gut toxin is described; it is based on the relation of dose of antigen to neutralizing antibody titer produced in the rabbit under defined conditions and allows quantification of immunogenicity as immunogenic units per milligram of protein. Evidence, based on immunogenicity and rabbit ileal loop toxicity, is presented which indicates that the positively charged fraction of liquid-culture supernatant fluid eluted in deionized water from diethylaminoethyl Sephadex, or in electrolyte from carboxymethyl Sephadex, is a complex made up of a nonantigenic toxic moiety, a nontoxic protein component which elicits the formation of toxin-neutralizing antibody, and an inactive fraction. The complex may also be dissociated in high-salt concentrations with apparent recombination of the toxic moiety with a nondialyzable constituent of peptone to give a negatively charged complex. The immunogenic component is found in nontoxic supernatant fluids of cultures grown at pH 6.5 or in media deficient in peptone. It is also present in the nontoxic fraction eluted from diethylaminoethyl Sephadex in electrolyte or in deionized water from carboxymethyl Sephadex. When separated from the positively charged toxic moiety, the net charge of the antigen is reduced as shown by immunoelectrophoresis. On primary fractionation, the antigen may be associated with a minor antigenic component of the negatively charged complex containing a major antigen eliciting vibriocidal antibody formation, but antisera to the toxin antigen preparations, either in this form or freed of antigenic contamination by recycling, do not contain vibriocidal antibody. It is suggested that this antigen be designated the T (toxin) antigen, and the antigen producing vibriocidal antibody the V antigen. These two antigens would appear to represent the major antigenic specificities associated with the antitoxic and antibacterial elements of the immune response to infection.
Spatial Heterogeneity, Social Capital, and Rural Larceny and Burglary

We explore the role of social capital in explaining patterns of rural larceny and burglary crime rates. We find consistent evidence that higher levels of social capital tend to be associated with lower levels of rural property crime rates. We also find that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in the underlying data-generating process. This spatial heterogeneity suggests that relying on global estimates from classical statistical methods, such as least squares, may lead to erroneous policy recommendations at the local level. We suggest that some of the inconsistencies in the ecological empirical criminology literature might be explained by spatial heterogeneity.
Experimental study of wetting properties of three-component surfactant systems

Abstract Wetting properties of three-component systems consisting of water, an oil and a surfactant are investigated using videomicroscopy. The oil is an alkane, and the surfactant is of the type CiEj, where CiEj denotes the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene alcohol CiH2i+1(OC2H4)j OH. For three systems, water-n-tetradecane-C6E2, water-n-hexadecane-C6E2 and water-n-octadecane-C6E2, wetting transitions between nonwetting and wetting regimes of the middle surfactant-rich phase are observed above room temperature below the upper critical endpoint temperature. The contact angles are measured as a function of temperature, and the wetting transition is found to be of the first order. For the system water- n-tetradecane-C6E2, evidence is found of a possible wetting transition of the middle surfactant-rich phase occurring below room temperature above the lower critical endpoint temperature.
Cloning and characterization of a novel MyoD enhancer-binding factor.

Abstract Glucocorticoid-induced gene-1 (Gig1) was identified in a yeast one-hybrid screen for factors that interact with the MyoD core enhancer. The Gig1 gene encodes a novel C2H2 zinc finger protein that shares a high degree of sequence similarity with two known DNA binding proteins in humans, Glut4 enhancer factor and papillomavirus binding factor (PBF). The mouse ortholog of PBF was also isolated in the screen. The DNA binding domain of Gig1, which contains TCF-E-tail CR1 and CR2 motifs shown to mediate promoter specificity of TCF-E-tail isoforms, was mapped to a C-terminal domain that is highly conserved in Glut4 enhancer factor and PBF. In mouse embryos, in situ hybridization revealed a restricted pattern of expression of Gig1 that overlaps with MyoD expression. A nuclear-localized lacZ knockin null allele of Gig1 was produced to study Gig1 expression with greater resolution and to assess Gig1 functions. X-gal staining of Gig1nlacZ heterozygous embryos revealed Gig1 expression in myotomal myocytes, skeletal muscle precursors in the limb, and in nascent muscle fibers of the body wall, head and neck, and limbs through E14.5 (latest stage examined). Gig1 was also expressed in a subset of Scleraxis-positive tendon precursors/rudiments of the limbs, but not in the earliest tendon precursors of the somite (syndetome) defined by Scleraxis expression. Additional regions of Gig1 expression included the apical ectodermal ridge, neural tube roof plate and floor plate, apparent motor neurons in the ventral neural tube, otic vesicles, notochord, and several other tissues representing all three germ layers. Gig1 expression was particularly well represented in epithelial tissues and in a number of cells/tissues of neural crest origin. Expression of both the endogenous MyoD gene and a reporter gene driven by MyoD regulatory elements was similar in wild-type and homozygous null Gig1nlacZ embryos, and mutant mice were viable and fertile, indicating that the functions of Gig1 are redundant with other factors.
Fatty acid synthetase of brain: development, influence of nutritional and hormonal factors and comparison with liver enzyme.

— The activity of fatty acid synthetase was studied in the brain and liver of the developing rat. Synthetase activity in brain was considerably higher in foetal and suckling rats than in older animals However, except for a small transient rise in the perinatal period, activity in liver was low until weaning when a dramatic rise occurred. Activity in brain varied according to the quantity of dietary fat only in long-term experiments, whereas in liver nutritional influences clearly predominated in determining the rapid developmental changes of synthetase activity. Administration of hydrocortisone diminished hepatic activity but did not change brain synthetase. In the hypothyroid state activity in brain and liver was consistently decreased. However, in the hyperthyroid state hepatic activity increased but activity in brain did not change. The relatively high activity of fatty acid synthetase during brain development has been discussed in relation to the critical role of this enzyme system in brain metabolism. The effect of the hypothyroid state on the activity of brain synthetase suggests the possibility of hormonal control of this enzyme activity. The responses of hepatic synthetase to the hormonal influences delineate a specific step by which these compounds may exert their effect on fatty acid biosynthesis.
Practical affine types

Alms is a general-purpose programming language that supports practical affine types. To offer the expressiveness of Girard's linear logic while keeping the type system light and convenient, Alms uses expressive kinds that minimize notation while maximizing polymorphism between affine and unlimited types.A key feature of Alms is the ability to introduce abstract affine types via ML-style signature ascription. In Alms, an interface can impose stiffer resource usage restrictions than the principal usage restrictions of its implementation. This form of sealing allows the type system to naturally and directly express a variety of resource management protocols from special-purpose type systems.We present two pieces of evidence to demonstrate the validity of our design goals. First, we introduce a prototype implementation of Alms and discuss our experience programming in the language. Second, we establish the soundness of the core language. We also use the core model to prove a principal kinding theorem.