cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verification of radiation pattern control using a cylindrical metasurface

We present transmission measurement results of a cylindrical impedance metasurface used to reshape the radiation pattern of an enclosed two-dimensional current line source. The metasurface was fabricated using printed circuit board methods and measured in a parallel plate waveguide. Measurement results are in agreement with the desired azimuthal image pattern, validating the design procedure of the cylindrical metasurface.
Ben Franklin the Protobehaviorist I: Self-Management of Behavior

Ben Franklin developed an elaborate program to modify his own behavior which is of interest not only because it was implemented in 1728, but because he clearly demonstrated sophistication in several aspects of behavior analysis. An attempt is made to place Franklin in historical perspective by identifying persons and published works which influenced him. Then excerpts from his autobiography that describe the program are analyzed in terms of the behavioral principles and procedures he employed. It is proposed that many of Franklin’s accomplishments were a function of his self-management system and his behavioral expertise.
Noiseless attenuation using an optical parametric amplifier

The process of heralded noiseless amplification, and the inverse process of heralded noiseless attenuation, have potential applications in the context of quantum communications. Although several different physical implementations of heralded noiseless amplifiers have now been demonstrated, the research on heralded noiseless attenuators has been largely confined to a beam-splitter based approach. Here we show that an optical parametric amplifier (OPA), combined with appropriate heralding, can also serve as a heralded noiseless attenuator. The counterintuitive use of an optical amplifier as an attenuator is only possible due to the probabilistic nature of the device.
How many lobbyists are in Washington? Shadow lobbying and the gray market for policy advocacy

How many lobbyists are in Washington, and how common is it for them to have worked in the federal government? We assume that high-profile cases like former Senator Tom Daschle—the namesake of the so-called Daschle loophole to the Lobbying Disclosure Act (LDA) in the USA—are not isolated. In this article, we systematically account for lobbying and policy advocacy in as large an empirical scope as possible to uncover the presence of ‘shadow lobbyists.’ Using a new data set of professional biographies of both registered lobbyists and unregistered policy advocates, we estimate that there are an equal number of paid professionals in a gray market for lobbying services. We also find that registered lobbyists are more likely to have previously worked in government and are more likely to specialize in legislative advocacy. Since policymaking at the American national level has increasingly shifted to federal agencies and to the states, our results indicate that the LDA and similar lobbying regulations may be becoming increasingly obsolete. The evidence we present indicates a growing divide between transparency laws and recent changes in the marketplace for policy advocacy.
Abstract MP102: Family Caregiving is Associated with Increased Stroke Risk Among Strained Spouse Caregivers

Background: As the American population ages, the number of family caregivers is expected to increase. Consequently, understanding the effects family caregiving has on the cardiovascular health of c...
Resolving Non Line-of-Sight (NLoS) motion using Speckle

Motion of objects hidden from view is recovered by tracking displacements in speckle patterns produced by the coherently illuminated object. A latent image may additionally be recovered by examining spatial correlations in the speckle pattern.
Regulation of the basal and cyclic AMP-stimulated rates of glycogen synthesis in Escherichiacoli by an intermediate of purine biosynthesis

Abstract In Escherichia coli an abrupt increase in the rate of glycogen synthesis occurs at the onset of total nitrogen starvation. We present here both in vivo and in vitro data indicating that this increase occurs because of the loss of a nitrogen-containing intermediate of purine biosynthesis (apparently 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) that inhibits glycogen synthesis. We also show that this inhibitory intermediate antagonizes the stimulation of glycogen synthesis by 3′,5′-cyclic AMP. The uncovering of the regulation of glycogen synthesis by this inhibitor apparently provides the first link in understanding the 23-year-old observation of a reciprocal relationship between growth rate and glycogen accumulation in E. coli .
Effects of age on urinary bladder function in the male rat.

AbstractIn a previous study we investigated the effects of age on the micturition characteristics and bladder function of male Fischer rats ages five to seven, 16 to 18 and 22 to 24 months. The 24 hr. water intake and urine output increases significantly with age; 22 to 24 month rats showed a 39% increase in water intake and a 93% increase in urine output compared to five to seven month rats. The intravesical pressure at micturition is 100% greater in 22 to 24 month and 16 to 18 month rats compared to five to seven month old rats with no age-related change in bladder volume at micturition.In the present study, in vitro bladder capacity did not differ between the three age groups although the average plateau pressure significantly decreased with advancing age. Using the isolated whole bladder model, the contractile response to the autonomic agonists bethanechol, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol did not change significantly with age. Similarly, there were no age-related changes in the response of the bladde...
Delta compressed and deduplicated storage using stream-informed locality

For backup storage, increasing compression allows users to protect more data without increasing their costs or storage footprint. Though removing duplicate regions (deduplication) and traditional compression have become widespread, further compression is attainable. We demonstrate how to efficiently add delta compression to deduplicated storage to compress similar (nonduplicate) regions. A challenge when adding delta compression is the large number of data regions to be indexed. We observed that stream-informed locality is effective for delta compression, so an index for delta compression is unnecessary, and we built the first storage system prototype to combine delta compression and deduplication with this technology. Beyond demonstrating extra compression benefits between 1.4-3.5X, we also investigate throughput and data integrity challenges that arise.
Vector and Matrix Norms

In multidimensional calculus, vector and matrix norms quantify notions of topology and convergence [2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12]. Because norms are also devices for deriving explicit bounds, theoretical developments in numerical analysis rely heavily on norms. They are particularly useful in establishing convergence and in estimating rates of convergence of iterative methods for solving linear and nonlinear equations. Norms also arise in almost every other branch of theoretical numerical analysis. Functional analysis, which deals with infinite-dimensional vector spaces, uses norms on functions.
Interface Structure, Adhesion, and Ion Beam Processing

Thin films or coatings on solid substrates constitute a critical part of many manufactured products, including semiconductor devices and packaging, coatings to protect metals against wear and corrosion, optical components, magnetic recording heads and discs, etc. In such applications, qualities such as strong adhesion and thermal stability of the interface are extremely important.
Lymphocyte subpopulations: analysis of T-cell rosette characters.

An important step in the elucidation of the thymus-derived (T) lymphocyte system was the discovery of specific cell surface antigens. The most thoroughly studied of these are those in mice. There, it is recognized that the θ antigen, among others, is specific to T-cells. Further, individual subpopulations of T-cells carry different quantities of 8 antigen on their cell surfaces. This antigen is higher in immature thymus cells than in cells of peripheral lymphoid organs (2). The T-cells of guinea pigs can also be distinguished from the rest by their ability to form rosettes with rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) (4). This paper deals with the characteristics of RRBC rosettes in various lymphoid organs. It was found that the rosettes of thymus cells possessed more RRBC than those of lymph node and spleen cells. The modulation of this parameter by various factors was the subject of this investigation.
Police Executive Opinions of Legal Regulation

By conducting a national survey, this Article empirically assesses how American police leaders perceive external legal regulation. At various times, policymakers have decried external police regulations as too expensive, too complicated, or too difficult to apply to different factual scenarios. Critics have also alleged that police regulations change too frequently, inadequately consider input from the law enforcement community, and unduly risk the safety of officers or the broader community. These complaints underscore an uncomfortable, but unavoidable reality: efforts to regulate police behavior often require policymakers to make compromises. A rule that promotes one goal may necessarily compromise another important goal. So what do police leaders actually care about most when faced with external legal regulation? To answer this question, this Article relies on a data-set of 489 survey responses collected from a random sample of law enforcement leaders across the country. With the help of a multidimensional preference-scaling model, we show that police leaders are most concerned about how external legal regulations impair the safety of officers and the public. Respondents rated the protection of constitutional rights and the prevention of crime as the second and third most important values. And contrary to assumptions made by many policymakers, police leaders ranked cost, predictability, and consistency as relatively unimportant considerations.
What's in a name? Choosing a title for a female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery clinic: A prospective questionnaire.

Aims A new multidisciplinary clinic specializing in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) opened at our institution. We sought to assess patient preference in naming this new center, and how readability and word choice informs these preferences. Methods We prospectively surveyed patient preference in naming this new center, as well as patient knowledge and societal perception of pelvic floor disorders. This survey was distributed to female patients presenting to general urology and gynecology clinics. Results There were 300 respondents out of 1000 distributed surveys. Patients preferred titles with accessible readability scores and societally neutral vocabulary. Preferred titles for the clinic were at a 6th-grade readability level. Patients preferred neutral titles that included the word "health" and disliked titles that contained the words "pelvic floor" and "dysfunction." In general, survey participants believed that "incontinence" was associated with negative connotations. Conclusion Readable and neutral vocabulary in the title of the clinic are key components of patient-preferred titles for an FPMRS clinic and affect patient comfort levels in scheduling an appointment.
Ectopic HCN4 expression drives mTOR-dependent epilepsy

The causative link between focal cortical malformations (FCM) and epilepsy is well-accepted, especially among patients with focal cortical dysplasia type II (FCDII) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, the mechanisms underlying seizures remain unclear. Using a mouse model of TSC- and FCDII-associated FCM, we show that FCM neurons are responsible for seizure activity via their unexpected abnormal expression of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel isoform 4 (HCN4), which is normally not present in cortical pyramidal neurons after birth. Increasing intracellular cAMP levels, which preferentially affects HCN4 gating relative to the other isoforms, drove repetitive firing of FCM neurons but not that of control pyramidal neurons. Ectopic HCN4 expression was mTOR-dependent, preceded the onset of seizures, and was also found in diseased neurons in tissue resected for epilepsy treatment from TSC and FCDII patients. Finally, blocking HCN4 channel activity in FCM neurons prevented epilepsy in mice. These findings that demonstrate HCN4 acquisition as seizure-genic, identify a novel cAMP-dependent seizure mechanism in TSC and FCDII. Furthermore, the unique expression of HCN4 exclusively in FCM neurons provides opportunities for using HCN4 as a gene therapy target to treat epilepsy in individuals with FCDII or TSC.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Selection in a Patient with Nonischemic Heart Failure

A patient with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and a wide left bundle branch block has late gadolinium enhancement with a nonischemic pattern on cardiac MRI.
Working memory moderates the predictive influence of distress intolerance on health-related goal attainment

High distress intolerance (DI: often assessed as anxiety sensitivity) and low working memory capacity (WMC) have each been identified as risk factors for negative health behaviors. To our knowledge, these risk factors have only been studied independently. The current study investigated both the independent and interactive effects of DI and WMC in predicting health-related goal attainment in 118 undergraduates who self-selected a health-related goal. Participants received one of three interventions: values clarification, action planning, or a combination of the two. Across these interventions, we found that DI was at the point of significance (and reflected a small effect size) for predicting goal attainment, whereas WMC was not. Further, we found that when entered into the stepwise regression model together, the interaction of WMC and DI significantly predicted goal success one week later. Specifically, for individuals scoring one standard deviation below the mean in WMC, having worse DI significantly predicted worse goal attainment one week later. We believe this study represents the first published finding of the moderation of the predictive influence of DI by WMC, and underscores the importance of evaluating how risk factors that are typically examined independently operate together.
Description and Validation of a Novel Score (Flow Index) as a Clinical Indicator of the Level of Respiratory Support to Children on High Flow Nasal Cannula

This study's objective was to describe and validate flow index (flow rate × FiO2/weight) as a method to report the degree of respiratory support by high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in children. We conducted a retrospective chart review of children managed with HFNC from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Variables included in the flow index (weight, fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2], flow rate) and outcomes (hospital and intensive care unit [ICU] length of stay [LOS], escalation to the ICU) were extracted from medical records. Max flow index was defined by the earliest timestamp when patients FiO2 × flow rate was maximum. Step-wise regression was used to determine the relationship between outcome (LOS and escalation to ICU) and flow index. Fifteen hundred thirty-seven patients met the study criteria. The median first and maximum flow indexes of the population were 24.1 and 38.1. Both first and maximum flow indexes showed a significant correlation with the LOS (r = 0.25 and 0.31, p 20 and maximum flow index >59.5 had increased odds ratio of escalation to ICU (odds ratio: 2.39 and 8.08). The first flow index had a negative association with rapid response activation. Flow index is a valid measure for assessing the degree of respiratory support for children on HFNC.
Frequent Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol exposure during adolescence impairs sociability in adult mice exposed to an aversive painful stimulus.

Abstract Early-life exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the intoxicating constituent of cannabis, may produce enduring neurochemical changes in brain structures involved in the regulation of sociality but it is still unclear how such changes influence social behavior later in life. In the present study, we exposed male mice to moderate daily doses of Δ9-THC (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) during adolescence (postnatal day, PND, 30 to 43) and, when animals reached adulthood (PND70), we assessed their performance in the three-chamber social interaction task before and 3 weeks after injection of the chemical irritant formalin (1 % vol, intraplantar), which produces both immediate and persistent pain-related behaviors in mice. Prior Δ9-THC treatment did not alter social interaction in control adult mice but disrupted it in animals that developed lasting sensory abnormalities following formalin injection. The findings suggest that frequent exposure to Δ9-THC during adolescence causes in male mice a dormant dysfunction in social behavior which can be unmasked in adulthood when the animals experience an aversive state.
Three early problems on size Ramsey numbers

The size Ramsey number of a graph $H$ is defined as the minimum number of edges in a graph $G$ such that there is a monochromatic copy of $H$ in every two-coloring of $E(G)$. The size Ramsey number was introduced by Erd\H{o}s, Faudree, Rousseau, and Schelp in 1978 and they ended their foundational paper by asking whether one can determine up to a constant factor the size Ramsey numbers of three families of graphs: complete bipartite graphs, book graphs, and starburst graphs. In this paper, we completely resolve the latter two questions and make substantial progress on the first by determining the size Ramsey number of $K_{s,t}$ up to a constant factor for all $t =\Omega(s\log s)$.
Using Caenorhabditis elegans models of neurodegenerative disease to identify neuroprotective strategies.

Publisher Summary The use of animal models to study human disease has been a productive approach for gaining new insights into disease mechanisms. In the past decade, this approach has been extended to the study of neurodegenerative diseases using the worm Caenorhabditis elegans . This model organism offers a number of distinct experimental advantages for modeling human diseases, including small size, short generation time, rapid transgenic, robust classical genetics, accessible reverse genetics, a simple well-characterized nervous system, and well-studied behavior. For many disorders, the utility of worm models for disease remains unclear. However, for other models, investigation into the function of worm genes has clearly illuminated the function of human disease genes. This chapter reviews both types of models for neurodegenerative disorders.
Sound Effects: Age, Gender, and Sound Symbolism in American English

This mixed-method study investigated the correlation of sound symbolic associations with age and gender by analyzing data from a national survey of 292 American English speakers. Subjects used 10 semantic differential scales to rate six artificial brand names that targeted five phonemes. Subjects also described the potential products they imagined these artificial brand names to represent. Quantitative analysis alone provided insufficient evidence to conclude that age or gender affect sound symbolism in American English. While 26 out of 60 scales showed a monotonic shift among the means of the three age groups, only three were statistically significant. The evidence of differences between genders was similarly weak; only five scales out of 60 showed a statistically significant difference when comparing genders. Analysis of the qualitative data, however, suggested both monotonic generational shifts as well as generational blips in sound-symbolic associations. Of particular interest is the possible influence of pop culture, fashions, and fads, and society's shifting focus from broadcast to narrowcast media. The implications of this research are relevant for both theory (empirical evidence for iconicity in language) and application (e.g., devising brand names that communicate particular attributes to specific demographics). SOUND EFFECTS: AGE, GENDER, AND SOUND SYMBOLISM ii Acknowledgments I wish to thank my advisor Dr. Tucker Childs for his careful guidance and good humor; Portland State University's Department of Applied Linguistics and especially the James R. Nattinger Graduate Teaching Fellowship for the resources to pursue this inquiry; my committee members, Dr. Jenny Mittelstaedt and Dr. Jeff Conn, for their review and constructive feedback; Dr. Kimberley Brown, Dr. John Hellerman, Dr. Tetyana Sydorenko, and Dr. Keith Walters for additional feedback in the preparation of my research; my colleague Emily Minnette for her help in rating the qualitative data; my parents, Larry and June Krause, whose legacy made possible my return to graduate school; and my husband, Robert Dell, who has provided abundant encouragement and unwavering support of my pursuit of an encore career in applied linguistics and TESOL. SOUND EFFECTS: AGE, GENDER, AND SOUND SYMBOLISM iii Table of
Aluminum tube hydroforming : Formability and mechanical properties

Aluminum tube hydroforming offers further mass savings and performance improvement compared to solid stampings and castings. This paper reports the formability of 6063-T4 extruded tubes and 5754 seam-welded tubes. Tensile and fatigue properties of the hydroformed sections are investigated. The results also show that despite its lower yield strength (but higher ultimate tensile strength and ductility), the hydroformed 5754 alloy has higher fatigue resistance than the 6063-T7 material.
Profile of Electrochemically Machined Microcomponents

Traditional micromachining uses silicon to fabricate microcomponents. Since silicon is not suitable for applications that demand high strength, robustness and biocompatibility, alternative micromanufacturing processes are sought. The non-traditional electrochemical micromachining (ECM) process is precise, non-contact, repeatable, and applicable to all conductive materials regardless of their mechanical properties. This paper examines effects of ECM parameters on profiles of micropatterns. A square-wave current forms micropatterns on an anodic workpiece with undercut due to electrochemical reaction and different mass transport mechanisms. Though-mass ECM process produces an undercut that is largest between the electrodes and is reduced outwardly. An ECM process with high frequency pulses produces sharp profiles and reduces undercut at the expense of material removal rate. Although sharp corners can be formed at internal angles, rounded corners at external corners resulted due to combined edge effects. When utilized at a high frequency and an enhanced material removal rate, the ECM could become a suitable process for mass production of robust microsystems. Introduction Microfabrication is often confined to silicon process for microelectronic applications. The invention of micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) leveraging from microelectronic processes has been successful but with limited applications due to the brittle nature of silicon. Alternative techniques have been sought to economically fabricate non-silicon microcomponents and systems. Electrochemical micromachining (ECM) is a promising microtechnology for any conductive material. This anodic dissolution process uses DC or AC electrical pulses and electrochemical reaction to remove material in micro or nano scales. Since the process is independent of the workpiece mechanical properties and can maintain the electrode dimension, it is suitable for machining, polishing, or forming intricate features on die and mold for subsequent mass replication, or shaping the difficult to be machined superalloys in aerospace applications. The profiles of ECM pattern, however, have received limited investigation. This paper presents the research study on the effects of ECM parameters on profiles of micropatterns. Rosset and Landolt [1] experimented with through-mask ECM on 304 stainless steel and Phynox cobalt alloy. A 6M NaNO3 electrolyte was used with DC current density between 0.5-15 A/cm. The undercut underneath a mask was measured to be a linear function with feature depth. The undercut to depth ratio (etch factor) was 0.7 and proximity effect was experimentally found. The highest material removal rate (MRR) was for the area with the lowest density of mask opening. This proximity effect was reduced and more uniform etching was obtained by integrating a thin cathodic layer on an insulating mask. Although minimum undercut was obtained, the elliptical profile of etched feature was far from an ideal anisotropic profile with
The Crystal Structure of a TL/CD8αα Complex at 2.1 Å Resolution: Implications for Modulation of T Cell Activation and Memory

Abstract TL is a nonclassical MHC class I molecule that modulates T cell activation through relatively high-affinity interaction with CD8αα. To investigate how the TL/CD8αα interaction influences TCR signaling, we characterized the structure of the TL/CD8αα complex using X-ray crystallography. Unlike antigen-presenting molecules, the TL antigen-binding groove is occluded by specific conformational changes. This feature eliminates antigen presentation, severely hampers direct TCR recognition, and prevents TL from participating in the TCR activation complex. At the same time, the TL/CD8αα interaction is strengthened through subtle structure changes in the TL α3 domain. Thus, TL functions to sequester and redirect CD8αα away from the TCR, modifying lck-dependent signaling.
Prevention and Complementarity in the International Criminal Court: A Positive Approach

introDuCtion Since its creation, the International Criminal Court (ICC or Court) has been at the heart of some of the oldest and most complex debates in international law — debates over practical issues like enforcement and state sovereignty and questions of ideology such as the relative values of peace and justice. A crucial question throughout all of this has been prevention: the ICC’s ability to end impunity and prevent future atrocities. The Court’s supporters have consistently emphasized its potential preventative impact and stated this as a central goal of the Court’s activities.1
Research Issues and Ideas in Statistical Process Control

An overview is given of current research on control charting methods for process monitoring and improvement. A historical perspective and ideas for future research also are given. Research topics include: variable sample size and sampling interval met..
Stimulant Medications and the Treatment of Children with ADHD

Stimulant medications have been used for over 55 years to treat children affected by a condition once called hyperactivity and now termed attention deficit disorder (ADD) (DSM-III, 1980) or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (DSM-III-R, 1987; DSM-IV, 1994). In this chapter, we will use the term currently en vogue (ADHD) to refer to all of the conditions (e.g., minimal brain damage, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperactivity, hyper-kinesis, attention deficit disorder) which over the years have shared some or all of the basic symptoms of this disorder (i.e., inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity).
Waveform Window #32: 14 and 6 Hz Positive Spikes: A Normal Variant that Could be Mistaken as Epileptiform

The misinterpretation of EEG findings is a common problem that often leads to misdiagnosis (Tatum et al. 2006; Benbadis et al. 2008). One important factor is the overinterpretation of benign EEG va...
Utilitarianism and equality for quasilinear or Gorman-form preferences

The paper shows that if utility is cardinally measurable and fully interpersonally comparable, if costless lumpsum transfers are possible, and if the utility profile satisfies (a) a happier person has lower marginal utility of the numeraire or wealth, and (b) “everybody is equally unhappy in hell,” then the utilitarian criterion is egalitarian for quasilinear economies or Gorman-form preferences.
Sediments and fossiliferous rocks from the eastern side of the Tongue of the Ocean, Bahamas

Abstract In August 1966, two dives were made with the deep-diving submersible Alvin along the eastern side of the Tongue of the Ocean to sample the rock and sediment. Physiographically, the area is marked by steep slopes of silty carbonate sediment and precipitous rock cliffs dusted by carbonate debris. Three rocks, obtained from the lower and middle side of the canyon (914–1676 m depth), are late Miocene-early Pliocene to late Pleistocene-Recent in age; all are deep-water pelagic limestones. They show (i) that the Tongue of the Ocean has been a deep-water area at least back into the Miocene, and (ii) that much shallow-water detritus has been swept off neighbouring banks to be incorporated with the deep-water fauna in the sediment.
Effect of dosing volume on intramuscular absorption rate of aminoglycosides

The Loo-Riegelman method was applied to serum amikacin level data after intravenous and intramuscular administration. Intramuscular amikacin absorption can be described by first-order kinetics, but the absorption rate constant decreased from 1.95 hr-1 at a 125-mg dose to 1.00 hr-1 at a 750-mg dose. This rate change apparently is a physical phenomenon due to differing dosing volumes at different doses and attendant changes in the surface area to volume ratio at the injection site. Amikacin absorption rates on intramuscular injection can be maximized by giving several smaller injections rather than a single larger injection. This phenomenon should be generally observed with amino-glycoside antibiotics and could be partly responsible for reported variations in absorption rate and the poor predictability of serum concentrations.
Increased Manganese-Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Postmortem Brain from Neuroleptic-Treated Psychotic Patients

The free radical superoxide is a potentially toxic chemical produced as a result of normal cell respiration and other metabolic processes. When free radicals damage membranes or free lipids they produce serum lipid peroxides, which have been found elevated in the blood of schizophrenic patients (Lohr 1991). Erythrocyte copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD) activity, which converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, is also elevated in schizophrenic patients according to several investigators (Michelson et al 1977; Abdalla et al 1986; Reddy et al 1991), but not all (Sinet et al 1983). The possibility that increased superoxide production or compensatory enzyme activity occurs in the brains of schizophrenic and/or other psychotic patients has not been previously addressed. The present experiment tested the hypothesis that SOD activity would be increased in postmortem brain from psychotic subjects. Both Mn SOD and Cu SOD were measured in tissue samples obtained from the frontal and temporal lobes of patients diagnosed and treated for psychotic illnesses, and compared to similar measurements made for ageand postmortem intervalmatched control subjects. Although the patients were believed to
Cutaneous capillary hemangiomas of the eyelid, scalp, and digits in premature triplets.

Abstract PURPOSE: To document the unique occurrence of multiple cutaneous capillary hemangiomas in healthy triplets. METHODS: Case reports. RESULTS: Triplets born 6 weeks prematurely were noted at birth to have classic cutaneous capillary hemangiomas that enlarged in the first few months of life. At 3 months of age, triplet #1 manifested a small capillary hemangioma on the left index finger and a large hemangioma that involved the entire left upper eyelid and completely occluded the visual axis. Triplet #2 had a small hemangioma on the thumb and a large hemangioma on the scalp of the forehead. Triplet #3 displayed only a minor hemangioma of the right upper eyelid that did not threaten her vision. The parents of the triplets admitted having a history of periocular capillary hemangioma that spontaneously resolved. Triplet #1 was managed with oral corticosteroids, with dramatic regression of the mass and exposure of the visual axis. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous capillary hemangioma is usually a sporadic condition. We found this tumor in premature triplets whose parents had a history of a similar tumor. This suggests that hereditary and environmental factors may play a role in the development of this tumor. We advise that medical and family histories be obtained in all children with cutaneous capillary hemangioma.
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique for detection of dimethylsulfoxide and ammonia

[1] A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) was used to study reactions of protonated ethanol clusters (C2H5OH)nH+ with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylsulfone (DMSO2), ammonia (NH3), and a series of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The reactivity of the (C2H5OH)nH+ cluster ions is a function of cluster size with reactivity decreasing as cluster size increases. Ethanol cluster ion distributions that formed at atmospheric pressure from 24 ppbv, 900 ppmv, and 1% ethanol/N2 gas mixtures were studied. Small (C2H5OH)nH+ clusters, those formed using the 24 ppbv ethanol/N2 mixture, react at or near the collisional rate with DMSO, NH3, acetone, and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK). The effective ion molecule rate coefficients are 1.8 × 10−9, 1.5 × 10−9, 1.0 × 10−9, and 1.6 × 10−9 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. Only DMSO and NH3 react efficiently with the two larger (C2H5OH)nH+ cluster ion distributions studied. The effective rate coefficients for DMSO and NH3 with the 900 ppmv ethanol cluster ion distribution are 1.5 × 10−9 and 0.7 × 10−9 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. The effective rate coefficient for DMSO with the 1% ethanol/N2 mixture is 0.35 × 10−9 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, while NH3 reaches equilibrium with this cluster ion distribution. Experiments show that large (C2H5OH)nH+ ion clusters must be used at relative humidities greater than 50% at 20°C to prevent formation of and subsequent interferences from H3O+ ions. These results demonstrate that the (C2H5OH)nH+ ion chemistry can selectively detect DMSO and NH3 under most ambient atmospheric conditions with high sensitivity.
Rapid identification of monocytes in a mixed mononuclear cell preparation

Abstract A method for identifying monocytes by the ‘non-specific esterase’ stain is described. This method is particularly applicable to mononuclear cell suspensions obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient separations and allows rapid as well as accurate determinations.
Dynamics of the relationship in clinical work with African-American clients

The high drop-out rate from psychotherapy for minority clients signals the need for increasing our skills with this population and exploring the possibility of treatment innovations. However, at the same time, there are developments in traditional psychodynamic theory that are relevant to work with African-American and other minority clients. The emerging emphasis in modern psychoanalytic theory on the therapist-patient relationship as a medium of change provides the background for this paper. Black clients typically operate in an “interpersonal” mode in the early phases of therapy. Unless they satisfy themselves as to the therapist's capacity to be sensitive to their sociocultural as well as to their personal situation, these clients often will not move into an “instrumental” mode, that is, one of working on the personal problems that brought them. In this paper, the dimensions of empathy and countertransference are discussed with respect to their particular relevance for Blacks in treatment and in the context of a telic-humanistic approach to psychology.
THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE NATURE OF BAND-TAIL STATES IN AMORPHOUS SI

Band-tail states are routinely invoked in models of a-Si:H, including defect pool models and models of light-induced defects. These models describe the band-tail states as being localized on a single stretched bond. However, to our knowledge, there is no theoretical or experimental work to justify these assumptions. In this work we use ab initio calculations to support earlier tight-binding calculations that show that the band-tail states are very delocalized---involving large numbers of atoms as the energy is varied from midgap into the tails. Our work also shows that valence-band-tail states are statistically associated with short bonds (not long bonds), and conduction-band states with long bonds. We have slightly modified a 512-atom model of a-Si due to Djordjevic, Thorpe, and Wooten [Phys. Rev. B 52, 5688 (1995)] to produce a large model of a-Si:H with realistic band tails, radial distribution function, and vibrational spectrum. Above all, we created and used a model with no spectral or geometrical defects.
Ultrafast Protein Determinations Using Microwave Enhancement

We present here microwave-based modifications of standard protein assays that dramatically reduce the time required to determine protein concentrations. Typical protein determinations involve incubation times ranging from 15–60 min. Microwave irradiation of specimens reduces this time requirement to 10–20 s without compromising accuracy or reliability. The remarkable speed with which protein determinations may be carried out using microwave enhancement greatly simplifies general laboratory procedures that depend on the estimation of protein concentrations.
Building a Dental Sciences Collection in a General Academic Library

This article discusses the web and print resources used in selecting material for a dental sciences collection in an academic library at a public university without a medical library. The process of creating a collection quickly and with limited resources is described, from the initial collection assessment to the decision-making processes involved in actual selection.
Emerging Ideas: The Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on Tendons

Background High levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein are toxic to the vascular endothelium and thus have long been associated with atherosclerosis. Several clinical studies have suggested that elevated cholesterol also has a negative effect on tendon structure and function. Data from our preliminary studies show that the patellar tendons of hypercholesterolemic knockout mice exhibit reduced baseline elastic modulus and strength postinjury compared with controls.
Assessing National Identity in Russia Between Generations Using the National Identity Scale

Abstract This research examines the structure of the national identity (NATID) scale in Russia. On the basis of confirmatory factor analysis results, the authors recommend modifications to strengthen the construct’s application. By employing multigroup analysis, the authors assess the relationships between each NATID scale component (national heritage, cultural homogeneity, belief system, and consumer ethnocentrism) and overall national identity for invariance across two different Russian age cohorts: Soviet Russians and contemporary Russians. Soviet Russians reached their “age of socialization” when the Soviet Union was intact, whereas contemporary Russians achieved their age of socialization during the Gorbachev and Yeltsin eras. The results indicate a lack of invariance across age cohorts in the relationship between all the subconstructs, with the exception of national heritage, and overall national identity. As a result, researchers should consider that the relationship between components of the NATID...
Reversible snaring for proper prosthetic seating during valve replacement

A method of reversible suture snaring is described for evaluating the final valve seating and positioning before knot tying of valve sutures. This allows for alteration of the operative plan before investing substantial ischemic time in a nonfunctional result. The procedure has been used in 577 consecutive prosthetic valve replacements in the past 5 years. The technique maintains proper seating while the valve is permanently anchored in place.
Scaling the controllable network transformer (CNT) to utility-level voltages with direct AC/AC power electronic building blocks (PEBBs)

Increases in load, increases in penetration of renewable energy, and limited investment in transmission infrastructure are fostering the need for a smarter, more dynamically controllable grid. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTs) devices such as the UPFC and BTB are difficult to implement at transmission-level voltages due to complexity and cost. A direct-ac/ac-converter-based controllable network transformer (CNT), because of its fractional converter rating and lack of dc storage requirement, is a simpler and less expensive alternative for applications involving dynamic power flow control. Scaling of the CNT, however, is still a challenge. This paper proposes an approach for scaling the CNT to utility-level voltages and currents utilizing multilevel topologies as well as direct-ac/ac power electronic building blocks (AC-PEBBs). A comparison of various PEBB-based CNT topologies is presented via simulation and experimental results for a 13 kV, 1 MVA application.
Liaison Efforts at a Small Business College.

At our small business college, we believe that next to serving the students, the most important thing we as librarians can do is serve as liaisons to the faculty. If the faculty is tuned in to the library, it is more likely he or she will use library resources and will teach students about them. This will provide a more effective education for the students as they use the information resources at the college. It can broaden their education and also prepare them for the workforce, where information is vital in analysis and decision making. The faculty are key in this outreach process. A concerted and formal effort to win the “hearts and minds” of the faculty makes the library more relevant and useful for them, and ultimately, for the student.
Shame and fragmentation in the marital dyad

The paper outlines an expansion of object relations theory to account for fragmentation and shame. This expansion promotes a better psychodynamic perspective on the type of marital conflict escalation that occurs when each spouse turns to the other for empathic receptiveness while that other is also in a disorganized and vulnerable state of mind. Escalation occurs when spouses have different needs for safety and optimum distance and when the shame generated by continued exposure of these needs is not acknowledged. Clinical precepts promoting a focus on fragmentation and acknowledgement of shame are elaborated.
Measurement of cross sections for excitation of the 2P states of atomic hydrogen by charge-exchange collisions of protons in argon and nitrogen

Absolute cross sections for the excitation of the 2P states of atomic hydrogen in charge-exchange collisions of protons in argon and nitrogen were measured by observing the Lyman-$alpha$ radiation emitted in transitions from this state. Because of the lack of light standards in the vacuum ultraviolet region of the spectrum, the major problem of the measurements was the absolute calibration of the Lyman-$alpha$ photometer. This calibration was obtained from coincidence measurements of H/sub alpha/ and Lyman-$alpha$ photons in the presence of an electric field. The measurements were corrected for the effect of Doppler shift on the photometer sensitivity. For the evaluation of the coincidence measurements, the branching ratio of H/sub alpha/ transitions to the 2S state and the polarization of Lyman-$alpha$ radiation, emitted in cascade processes, were needed. These quantities were obtained from quantum-mechanical calculations for a hydrogen atom in a weak electric field. Cross sections for the 2P states were obtained in the energy range from 0.5 to 30 keV. The 2P cross sections in argon had maxima of 2.34 times 10$sup -17$ and 2.84 times 10$sup -17$ cm$sup 2$ at 3.35 and 11.86 keV, respectively, and in N$sub 2$ maxima of 2.17 times 10$sup -17$ and 2.10 timesmore » 10$sup -17$ were observed at 3.39 and 11.3 keV, respectively. The energy dependence of the measured cross sections is in agreement with that of published measurements. Differences in the absolute values are discussed.« less
Preparation for ethical decision-making: An analysis of research in professional education

Abstract The current societal and professional context presents a variety of ethical challenges to decision makers. The importance of educational preparation for ethical decision-making and ethical leadership has been addressed in the literature of library and information science (LIS), among other professions. However, it can be quite difficult to measure the impact of professional ethics education on students. This article is based on an evaluation of published original research related to ethics education in disciplines supported by professional education, including education, nursing, allied health, journalism, social work, public health, engineering, and LIS. The study considers data related to research design, methodologies used, populations studied, approaches to measuring impact, levels of impact, and publication in the journal literature. Results indicate more extensive research in education and nursing as compared with other fields, a lack of baseline data gathering for comparison, a reliance on a limited number of data-gathering techniques, and a tendency toward studying alumni over current students
Public Goods and Posterity: An Empirical Test of Intergenerational Altruism

Менеджеры в общественном секторе и некоммерческих организациях часто вынуждены принимать решения относительно количества и ассортимента производимых общественных благ. При принятии решения необходимо сопоставить издержки и выгоды. Один из наиболее сложных вопросов оценки заключается в предположении, что люди хотят производить или сохранять общественные блага для будущих поколений. Неужели люди на самом деле думают о будущем, когда жертвую свои средства в благотворительные фонды, платят налоги или голосуют на выборах? В статье предлагается статистическая проверка данного утверждения и иллюстрируется ее применение для случая благотворительных пожертвований.
Quiescent memory B cells in human peripheral blood co‐express bcl‐2 and bcl‐xL anti‐apoptotic proteins at high levels

The anti-apoptotic proteins bcl-2 and bcl-xL seem to exhibit strictly opposite expression patterns in normal lymphoid cell differentiation stages, with bcl-2 low and bxl-xL high in immature and mature proliferating cells, the reverse being the case in recirculating quiescent cells. However, it is in fact not known whether recirculating memory cells are bcl-xL low or high. We analyzed memory (immunoglobulin isotype-switched) B cells in human peripheral blood, which were small lymphocytes in the G0 phase of the cell cycle, but proliferated better than naive B cells in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I. Ex vivo these cells co-expressed bcl-2 together with bcl-xL mRNA and protein at high levels. The mcl-1 mRNA level was low. The bcl-xL mRNA level decreased during culture in medium containing fetal calf serum, which implies that it is maintained in vivo by continuous or frequent, non-mitogenic signal(s). The high bcl-xL expression of memory B cells may be relevant with regard to their longevity and/or their capacity to undergo an accelerated secondary type immune response.