cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arbitrary dimensional Majorana dualities and architectures for topological matter

Motivated by the prospect of attaining Majorana modes at the ends of nanowires, we analyze interacting Majorana systems on general networks and lattices in an arbitrary number of dimensions, and derive universal spin duals. We prove that these interacting Majorana systems, quantum Ising gauge theories, and transverse-field Ising models with annealed bimodal disorder are all dual to one another on general planar graphs. This leads to an interesting connection between heavily disordered annealed Ising systems and uniform Ising theories with nearest-neighbor interactions. As any Dirac fermion (including electronic) operator can be expressed as a linear combination of two Majorana fermion operators, our results further lead to dualities between interacting Dirac fermionic systems on rather general lattices and graphs and corresponding spin systems. Such general complex Majorana architectures (other than those of simple square or other crystalline arrangements) might be of empirical relevance. As these systems display low-dimensional symmetries, they are candidates for realizing topological quantum order. The spin duals allow us to predict the feasibility of various standard transitions as well as spin-glass-type behavior in interacting Majorana fermion or electronic systems. Several systems that can be simulated by arrays of Majorana wires are further introduced and investigated: (1) the XXZ honeycomb compass model (intermediate between the classical Ising model on the honeycomb lattice and Kitaev's honeycomb model), (2) a checkerboard lattice realization of the model of Xu and Moore for superconducting $(p+ip)$ arrays, and a (3) compass-type two-flavor Hubbard model with both pairing and hopping terms. By the use of our dualities (tantamount to high-dimensional fermionization), we show that all of these systems lie in the three-dimensional Ising universality class. We further discuss how the existence of topological orders and bounds on autocorrelation times can be inferred by the use of symmetries and also propose to engineer quantum simulators via such Majorana wire networks.
Grape Seed Extract Activates Th1 Cells In Vitro

Although flavonoids manifest a diverse range of biological activities, including antitumor and antiviral effects, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities await elucidation. We hypothesize that the flavonoid constituents of a proprietary grape seed extract (GSE) that contains procyandins exert significant antiviral and antitumor effects, by inducing production of the Th1-derived cytokine gamma interferon (IFN-γ) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors. Our results show that GSE significantly induced the transcription of IFN-γ mRNA as demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR but had no effect on the Th2-derived cytokine interleukin-6. The enhancing effect of GSE on IFN-γ expression was further supported by a concomitant increase in the number of cells with intracytoplasmic IFN-γ as well as the synthesis and secretion of IFN-γ. Our results demonstrate that the potentially beneficial immunostimulatory effects of GSE may be mediated through the induction of IFN-γ.
PRICE, PURCHASING POWER AND REAL PRODUCT COMPARISONS IN LATIN AMERICA

The paper begins with a discussion of the concepts used and the scope of their application. Then the purchasing power parity rates for LAFTA countries in 1968 are presented and analyzed. With the aid of such rates the real gross domestic products of these countries in 1968 are estimated. Among other conclusions, it is found that these differ quite importantly from GDP calculations using foreign exchange rates, even within the LAFTA area. Finally, the levels of consumer prices in the region in 1968 are compared, and these are contrasted with the results of a similar survey undertaken in 1960.
Effect of heparin on bilirubin clearance in rats: Pharmacokinetic consequences of extensive hepatic extraction of plasma protein binding inhibitors

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of heparin-induced endogenous inhibitors of plasma protein binding on the plasma concentrations of total (free plus bound) and free bilirubin in rats with experimental hyperbilirubinemia. Adult male rats received constant-rate intravenous infusions of bilirubin and, after attaining steady state, were given either an intravenous injection of heparin, 500 units/kg, or this injection plus a maintenance infusion of heparin. Control animals received normal saline solution instead of heparin. The free fraction of bilirubin in plasma increased substantially within 2 min after heparin injection and remained elevated when heparin concentrations were sustained by infusion of the anticoagulant. Despite the decreased plasma protein binding of bilirubin, the plasma concentration of total bilirubin did not decrease (as it does, consistent with pharmacokinetic theory, following injection or infusion of certain other inhibitors of bilirubin binding) and the plasma concentration of free bilirubin did not return to normal (as observed previously after administration of other binding inhibitors) but remained elevated. These results are consistent with the recently demonstrated rapid and extensive hepatic extraction of heparin-induced endogenous inhibitors of plasma protein binding. The heparin interaction with bilirubin may be particularly serious because of the sustained elevation of free bilirubin concentrations in plasma and the potential neurotoxicity of free bilirubin.
The Privatization of Social Services from Public to Sectarian: Negative Consequences for America's Gays and Lesbians

This article explores the privatization of social services from public to sectarian points of view while examining the implications of the Charitable Choice movement on the gay and lesbian community. The history of this movement is explored from a developmental perspec- tive outlining the socioeconomic makeup of gays and lesbians, the soci- etal perceptions and mythology of the economic status of homosexuals, and actual figures related to the number of gays and lesbians who rely on publicly supported social service providers. The article explores the his- tory as well as the positive and negative aspects this type of privatization movement involves. Finally, a comprehensive assessment of the effects of this movement on the gay and lesbian community is presented and future recommendations will be made. (Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website:
Intraoral Melanoacanthoma: A Reactive Melanocytic Hyperplasia

Melanoacanthoma was originally described as a benign skin tumor of keratinocytes and dendritic melanocytes. There is now evidence that the intraoral lesions are unlike those occurring on skin. This article documents the reactive and reversible nature of the oral condition in a patient with these lesions.
A comparative study of the effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins in nonhuman primates.

During the past decade there has been considerable emphasis on the use of nonhuman primates as animal models for atherosclerosis research. The increased emphasis has resulted from the belief by many investigators that experimental data obtained on nonhuman primates is more likely to be directly applicable to man than those derived from lower animals. With the increased emphasis on nonhuman primates, many research opportunities utilizing species differences have been elaborated. Among the differences that have been useful in research on atherosclerosis have been those in lesion morphology and in lipoprotein metabolism.
Guns, laws and public shootings in the United States

ABSTRACTSince the late 1990s, there have been increasing numbers of public shootings carried out with firearms in the United States. These tragedies continually renew the regulatory debate concerning public safety while considering civil liberties. Using a unique data set, we investigate whether laws correspond to whether an event occurs and the effects of event-specific characteristics on public shooting outcomes. In particular, we analyse how state-specific gun laws, the types of firearms, the shooting venues and the mental health of the gunman impact the outcomes of public shootings. Results show that most gun laws are unrelated to whether an event occurs. In addition, common state and federal gun laws that outlaw assault weapons are unrelated to the likelihood of an assault weapon being used during a public shooting event. Moreover, results show that the use of assault weapons is not related to more victims or fatalities than other types of guns. However, the use of hand guns, shot guns and high-capac...
Failure of Intraoperative Monitoring to Detect Postoperative Neurologic Deficits: A 25-year Experience in 12,375 Spinal Surgeries.

Study Design.Retrospective.Objective.The purpose was to categorize and evaluate intraoperative monitoring (IOM) failure to detect neurologic deficits occurring during spinal surgery.Summary of Background Data.The efficacy of spinal cord/nerve root monitoring regarding undetected neurologic deficits
The tolerance and safety of azlocillin

The safety of azlocillin was evaluated in 631 patients treated for urinary tract or systemic infections in U.S.A. clinical trials. The mean azlocillin dose was 260 mg/kg/day and the mean duration of treatment was 11.1 days. Twenty patients (3.2%) experienced adverse local reactions and 92 patients (14.6%) experienced adverse systemic reactions. In thirty-one instances (4.9%) they led to premature termination of therapy, but only 14 of 135 reactions were classified as severe. All adverse reactions were reversible if adequate follow-up was done. Hypersensitivity reactions, manifest by rash, fever or eosinophilia occurred in 4.4%, 0.3% and 1.1% respectively. Hypokalaemia was noted in only three instances (0.5%). Hepatotoxicity occurred in 1.7%, diarrhoea in 1.9% and leukopenia in 0.3%. Transient chest discomfort was seen on rapid infusion on three occasions. Overall, azlocillin appeared well tolerated, and had no evident unique toxicity.
Reduced Order Modeling of Turbulent Flows using Sparse Coding

Basis identification is a critical step in the construction of accurate reduced order models using Galerkin projection. This is particularly challenging for turbulent flow fields due to the presence of multi-scale phenomena that cannot be ignored when building a reduced order model. The ubiquitous proper orthogonal decomposition approach seeks to truncate the basis spanning an observed data set into a small set of dominant modes, leading to loss of small scale information in turbulent flow fields. Ignoring the small scale information results in under-resolved rate of dissipation of energy, and consequentially, over-prediction of kinetic energy by constructed reduced order models. This study focuses on this issue by exploring an approach known as sparse coding for the basis identification problem. The sparse coding approach seeks the best compact basis to span the entire data set, and capture the multi-scale features present in the turbulent flows. These approaches are demonstrated for a canonical problem of an incompressible flow inside a 2-D lid-driven cavity. Results indicate that Galerkin reduction of the governing equations using only a few sparse modes produces reasonably accurate predictions of second order statistics of the fluid flow. Additionally, the sparse modes based models are found to maintain balance between the production and dissipation of energy. Whereas, models constructed using the same numbers of proper orthogonal decomposition modes are found to perform poorly.
PMS Integration Research Based on IEC 61970 Standard

This paper proposes an integration scheme for production management transformation based on IEC61970/61968 international standards.This scheme conducts the data integration design from the perspective of metadata design and management;classifies the production management data into five categories,and designs the integration mode in accordance with the characteristics of each data category.The integration environment is analyzed and the design scheme is put forward based on CIS public service and integration bus.Finally,the practical application is presented.
Effects of Starvation and Refeeding on Biochemical Composition of Crimson Snapper Lutjanus erythopterus

Effects of different starvation and refeeding on biochemical composition of crimson snapper Lutjanus erythopterus were studied at water temperature of 23～26℃.The results showed that the moisture level in both white muscle and liver and the lipid content in liver increased during the starvation,the contents of protein and lipid in white muscle and the glycogen content in liver decreased sharply.Whereas the protein content in liver increased first and then decreased.At the end of the experiments,the contents of glycogen,lipid and protein in both liver and white muscle in the treated groups did not differ significantly from those in control groups.
Evaluation on Injury Intervention for Middle School Students in Zhabei District

[Objective]To evaluate the effects of the preventive measures for accidental injuries in middle school students,and to provide reference for formulating injury intervention measures.[Methods]Students of 2 middle schools in Zhabei District were selected by cluster random sampling and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group.The intervention group implemented a series of collective interventions for 1 year,while the control group without any interventions.Changes in the students’ injury-related knowledge,attitude behavior and the incidence of school injuries were compared and analyzed before and after the intervention.[Results]At the baseline,the average score of injury knowledge was 8.18 for the intervention group and 8.05 for the control group,without statistical differences.After the intervention,the average score of injury knowledge was 9.21 for the intervention group and 7.82 for the control group,and the difference was statistically significant.There was no statistical difference in the injury-related attitude,the practice of unsafe behaviors,and the incidences of school injuries between the intervention group and the control group after the intervention.[Conclusion]The comprehensive intervention has significantly improved students’ knowledge level on school injuries and prevention.The injury intervention should be carried out on a long term basis to improve injury related behaviors and reduce the incidence of school injuries.
Gender and Family Relations

This chapter presents a review of the empirical and theoretical works published from 1999 to 2009 to determine how family scholars have conceptualized and implemented studies of gender in family relations. Three questions guided our review: (1) to what extent have family scholars continued to conceptualize gender as roles that women and men enact to “be a gender?”; (2) or, have family scholars who study gender and family relations moved beyond the traditional conceptualization of women and men to examine the processes by which women and men “do gender?”; and (3) finally, when gender distinctions are found, what theoretical explanations are offered by family scholars to explain variability in gendered patterns? Theoretical frameworks that explained how and why families “do gender” and “be a gender” in everyday family life are used to guide summaries of the following substantive areas of research: participation in the workforce, including family and work, household division of labor, caregiving, work/family balance, and gay/lesbian families are provided. Limitations in this field of research are highlighted and suggestions for future studies are offered. Implications for policy and practice also are discussed.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy with Vinblastine and Bleomycin in Stage B Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis

AbstractBetween 1974 and 1980, 48 lymph node dissections were done for nonseminomatous tumors. Of 23 patients with pathologic stage A disease 1 (4 per cent) suffered recurrence but is free of disease after chemotherapy and pulmonary resection. All 23 patients (100 per cent) are free of disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy with high dose vinblastine and constant infusion of bleomycin was given in 25 patients with stage B disease and none had maintenance chemotherapy. Of these 25 patients 2 (8 per cent) had evidence of recurrent disease after adjuvant chemotherapy and both are free of disease after further chemotherapy, which included cis-platinum. One patient died after a second primary embryonal carcinoma developed in the remaining testis 3 years after the initial tumor. Twenty-four of the 25 patients with stage B tumor (96 per cent) are free of disease 15 months to>7 years after therapy.
Light-controlled active release of photocaged ciprofloxacin for lipopolysaccharide-targeted drug delivery using dendrimer conjugates

We report an active delivery mechanism targeted specifically to Gram(−) bacteria based on the photochemical release of photocaged ciprofloxacin carried by a cell wall-targeted dendrimer nanoconjugate.
Notes on the Fauna of the Chipola Formation XXXI on the Occurrence of the Genus Coralliophaga (MOLLUSCA:BIVALVIA)

In 1898, Dall published figures of a shell from the "Ballast Point silex beds" that he named Coralliophaga elegans (pl. 25, figs. 2, 2a). In 1903 (p. 1499) he described the species as C. elegantula, noting that the specific name elegans had been used by Deshayes in 1824, and listing the occurrences as "Upper Oligocene of the Chipola marl, Chipola River, Florida, and of the silex beds at Ballast Point, Tampa Bay." Julia Gardner, however, did not mention this name in her monograph of the fauna of the Alum Bluff Group (1926-1950) and Mansfield in his "Mollusks of the Tampa and Suwannee Limestones of Florida," states (1937, p. 228): "Although Dall reports this species in the Chipola formation, I have not seen it from that locality." Insofar as I have been able to ascertain, this erroneous citation is the only mention of the genus Coralliophaga in the Chipola fauna.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Homogeneous Chondroitin Sulfate Oligosaccharides.

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a sulfated polysaccharide that plays essential physiological roles. Here, we report to utilize an enzyme-based method to synthesize a library of CS oligosaccharides consisting of 15 different CS oligosaccharides. The library covers 4-O-sulfated and 6-O-sulfated oligosaccharides with the size ranging from trisaccharide to nonasaccharide. We also demonstrate the synthesis of unnatural 6-O-sulfated CS pentasaccharides containing either a 6-O-sulfo 2-azido galactosamine or a 6-O-sulfo galactosamine residue. The availability of structurally defined CS oligosaccharides offers a novel approach to investigate the biological functions of CS.
Radiation Exposure in the Medical ICU: Predictors and Characteristics.

Background Patients admitted to the medical ICU (MICU) are often subjected to multiple radiologic studies. We hypothesized that some endure radiation dose exposure (cumulative effective dose [CED]) in excess of annual US federal occupational health standard limits (CED ≥ 50 mSv) and 5-year cumulative limit (CED ≥ 100 mSv). We also evaluated the correlation of CED with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score and other clinical variables. Methods Retrospective observational study conducted in an academic medical center involving all adult admissions (N = 4,155) to the MICU between January 2013 and December 2013. Radiation doses from ionizing radiologic studies were calculated from reference values to determine the CED. Results Three percent of admissions (n = 131) accrued CED ≥ 50 mSv (1% [n = 47] accrued CED ≥ 100 mSv). The median CED was 0.72 mSv (interquartile range, 0.02-5.23 mSv), with a range of 0.00 to 323 mSv. Higher APACHE III scores (P = .003), longer length of MICU stay (P Conclusions Patients in the MICU are exposed to radiation doses that can be substantial, exceeding federal annual occupational limits, and in a select subset, are > 100 mSv. Efforts to justify, restrict, and optimize the use of radiologic resources when feasible are warranted.
Noxa/HSP27 complex delays degradation of ubiquitylated IkBα in airway epithelial cells to reduce pulmonary inflammation

IFN-γ is known as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, but can also block inflammation in certain chronic diseases although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that IFN-γ rapidly induced Noxa expression and that extent of inflammation by repeated house dust mite exposure was enhanced in noxa-/- compared with noxa+/+ mice. Noxa expression blocked transforming necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Noxa did not affect TNF-α-induced IκBα phosphorylation but the degradation of 48-chain-ubiquitylated IκBα. The Cys25 of Noxa was cross-linked with Cys137 of phospho-HSP27 and both proteins were required for blocking the degradation of ubiquitylated IκBα. Because phospho-HSP27 is present in airway epithelial cells and not in fibroblasts or thymocytes, we generated transgenic mice that inducibly expressed Noxa in airway epithelia. These mice showed protection from allergen-induced inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia by blocking nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Further, we identified a Noxa-derived peptide that prolonged degradation of 48-chain-ubiquitylated IκBα, blocked nuclear translocation of NF-κB, and reduced allergen-induced inflammation in mice. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory role of the Noxa protein may be restricted to airway epithelial cells and the use of Noxa for therapy of chronic lung diseases may be associated with reduced side effects.
Sichere Vermarktung auf dem Internet

Ein wesentlicher Aspekt des elektronischen Handels uber ein offenes Netz wie das Internet ist die Sicherheit. Der Artikel fast die wichtigsten Techniken fur die Gewahrleistung von Sicherheit im Internet zusammen. Das SEMPER Projekt erarbeitet ein Modell und eine Architektur fur einen offenen, sicheren elektronischen Marktplatz, der Kaufern und Verkaufern einen einfaehen Zugang ermogliehen soll. Die ersten Ergebnisse der Arbeit werden vorgestellt.
Reducing internalized binegativity: Development and efficacy of an online intervention.

Internalized binegativity (IB), negative attitudes and beliefs about one’s own bisexuality, can develop from chronic exposure to binegative discrimination and prejudice and is associated with several negative mental health consequences. We developed and tested an online intervention following the Re
Waiting to Vote in the 2016 Presidential Election: Evidence from a Multi-county Study:

This paper is the result of a nationwide study of polling place dynamics in the 2016 presidential election. Research teams, recruited from local colleges and universities and located in twenty-eigh...
The Most Revealing Word in the United States Report

If you read 567 U.S. 648 carefully, you will find a single word that suggests an important weakness in the idea that Commerce Clause doctrine, properly understood, recognized a distinction between action and inaction prior to NFIB v. Sebelius.
Differences between normal and diabetic brains in middle-aged rats by MRI

Abstract Normal aging is a risk factor for metabolic disorders such as diabetes, and diabetes is also a recognized cause of accelerated aging. Being able to distinguish changes caused by normal aging from those caused by diabetes, would provide insight into how the aging brain interacts with diabetes. Eight types of MRI metric maps (magnetization relaxation time constants of T1 and T2, cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular permeability, mean diffusivity, diffusion fractional anisotropy, mean diffusion kurtosis and diffusion directional entropy) were generated for all rats from the three groups of normal young, healthy and 1.5-month diabetic middle-aged rats under investigation. Measurements of multiple MRI indices of cerebral white and gray matter from animals of the three groups provide complementary results and insight into differences between healthy and diabetic white / gray matter in the mid-aged rats. Our data indicate that MRI may distinguish between the normal and diabetes in mid-aged rat brains by measuring either T1 and T2 of gray matter, or fractional anisotropy of white matter and gray matter. Therefore, MRI can distinguish changes of cerebral tissue due to the normal aging from diabetic aging, which may lead to be able to better understand how diabetes accelerates aging in normal brain.
“Hello, I Must Be Going”

A review of Volume 96 is presented, in addition to parting comments from the retiring Editor-in-Chief.
Vasodilator Responses in the Forearm Skin of Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

The integrity of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the skin of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is unclear, especially with respect to the role of nitric oxide. To examine this, forearm skin blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry and total blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography was measured in response to brachial artery infusions of an endothelium-dependent (methacholine) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilator. Peak hyperemic forearm blood flow, following 5 min of arterial occlusion, was also determined. Responses were compared in 11 control subjects and 16 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.In ten normal subjects, co-infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine with methacholine produced a significant reduction in total forearm blood flow response to methacholine (p < 0.002), measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, as well as vascular conductance (p < 0.001), confirming that nitric oxide contributes to this response. In contrast, NG-monomethyl...
Untangling the associations that narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry have with agency, communion, and romantic commitment

Abstract The Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept (NARC; Back et al., 2013 ) proposes two strategies for maintaining a grandiose self-image. These dimensions are positively correlated, but often have divergent associations with outcomes. When used simultaneously to predict outcome variables, suppression effects often occur. We examine suppression effects for narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry in four samples (total N = 2106), examining their bivariate distribution and transforming the predictors to emphasize common and unique sources of variance. High composite NARC (high narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry) was associated with more positive self-perceptions of agency, slightly more negative self-perceptions of communality, and less romantic commitment. Domination of the narcissistic admiration pathway relative to the narcissistic rivalry pathway predicted more positive self-perceptions.
Melons: Safe Handling Practices for Consumers

Since most of us buy melons at the store or farmers market, it is easy to forget that most melons are grown on the ground. Watermelons, cantaloupe, and honeydew melon are the most popular varieties of melons in the United States. Because they are exposed to pests and microorganisms from dirt, it is very important to apply the best food safety practices before enjoying them. This 3-page fact sheet was written by Amy Simonne, and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, June 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy488
An Evaluation of the General versus Specialist Nature of Top Accounting Journals

SYNOPSIS: Academic research has a role in advancing and enlightening society in broad areas of study. Many forces interact to influence the directions, topics, and methodologies used in research. In this paper, we explore and discuss the relationships between the top general-interest and specialist accounting journals. We test whether top journals (e.g., “Top 3” or “Top 6”), relative to a set of high-quality, but specialist, journals, (1) are perceived to be general in what they will consider publishing, (2) have historically published diverse sets of articles, (3) have editorial board members with diverse sets of interests and skills, and (4) publish the most highly cited articles by topic area and methodology. The results suggest that some of the top journals are not as general as their mission statements suggest and that they do not publish the most highly cited articles in some topic areas and methodologies. These results may help institutions consider whether “counting” only the top journals is an ap...
Lower-Extremity Amputation Trends Among People With Diabetes in a Large Urban Environment.

Nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations (NLEAs) are a disabling and costly complication of uncontrolled diabetes (1). Factors influencing NLEAs include glycemic control, vascular disease, foot ulcer, and diabetes prevention practices (2,3). Texas has high rates of underinsured individuals, high prevalence of diabetes, a growing Hispanic population, and high rates of NLEAs (4). We examine trends of lower-extremity amputation rates among adults with diabetes in Dallas County between 2015 and 2019. Using data from the Dallas-Fort Worth Hospital Council Educational and Research Foundation (DFWHC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we calculated age-adjusted rates for major, minor, and overall NLEAs between 1 October 2015 and 30 September 2019. We followed the methodology used by Geiss et al. (3) and calculated age-adjusted NLEA rates per 1,000 adults with diabetes, using four adult age categories, with denominator data (numbers of adults with diabetes) estimated using BRFSS Dallas County diabetes prevalence data. Because of the transition of the ICD-9 to ICD-10 coding system on 1 October 2015, the 2015 quarter 4 data were annualized to account for quarters 1–3 that were coded using the prior ICD-9 system and therefore not used. The 2019 data were annualized to …
Tainted Harvest: Transborder Labor Trafficking and Forced Servitude in Agribusiness

Transborder labor trafficking and forced servitude in the global commercial agriculture sector are serious problems that adversely impact farming communities and labor migration patterns. They also constitute violations of basic human rights with regards to personal liberty, freedom of movement, and the right to work for fair wages. Yet, the farm labor cost savings are a powerful incentive for growers and agribusinesses to engage directly or indirectly through corrupt labor recruiters and brokers in the domestic and transborder trafficking of farm workers. This article addresses farm labor trafficking in the United States and abroad, including a discussion of labor trafficking and forced servitude in the rapidly growing marijuana cultivation industry.
Pediatric perspectives on treating uncommon genotypes of hepatitis C in the United States

Rationale: Hepatitis C in the pediatric population is a large health burden globally. With its diverse genotypes as well as genotypic subtypes, there is a discrepancy in the genotypes used in research compared to their prevalence. HCV genotype 6 which is endemic to South China and Southeast Asia comprises approximately one-third of all HCV infections worldwide, but make up a minority of cases studied in HCV research. Patient concerns: We report a case of HCV-6 seen in an 11-year-old Burmese immigrant to the U.S. and describe the new direct acting antiviral treatment guidelines for pediatrics with HCV genotype 6. Interventions: The patient completed a 12-week course of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (90 mg/400 mg), per FDA weight-based recommendations for treatment-naive HCV genotypes 4-6, without any complications. Outcomes: The patient was treated successfully with an undetectable HCV viral load one month after treatment completion. Lessons: HCV-6, although previously uncommon in the U.S., is becoming more prevalent. Updated guidelines include the use of direct acting antivirals, which have been proven effective for HCV-6. Lessons on barriers to care in the immigrant population as well as the value of HCV genotyping are also discussed.
Fostering interdisciplinary collaboration: A longitudinal social network analysis of the NIH mHealth Training Institutes.

Background/Objective Growing recognition that collaboration among scientists from diverse disciplines fosters the emergence of solutions to complex scientific problems has spurred initiatives to train researchers to collaborate in interdisciplinary teams. Evaluations of collaboration patterns in these initiatives have tended to be cross-sectional, rather than clarifying temporal changes in collaborative dynamics. Mobile health (mHealth), the science of using mobile, wireless devices to improve health outcomes, is a field whose advancement needs interdisciplinary collaboration. The NIH-supported annual mHealth Training Institute (mHTI) was developed to meet that need and provides a unique testbed. Methods In this study, we applied a longitudinal social network analysis technique to evaluate how well the program fostered communication among the disciplinarily diverse scholars participating in the 2017-2019 mHTIs. By applying separable temporal exponential random graph models, we investigated the formation and persistence of project-based and fun conversations during the mHTIs. Results We found that conversations between scholars of different disciplines were just as likely as conversations within disciplines to form or persist in the 2018 and 2019 mHTI, suggesting that the mHTI achieved its goal of fostering interdisciplinary conversations and could be a model for other team science initiatives; this finding is also true for scholars from different career stages. The presence of team and gender homophily effects in certain years suggested that scholars tended to communicate within the same team or gender. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the usefulness of longitudinal network models in evaluating team science initiatives while clarifying the processes driving interdisciplinary communications during the mHTIs.
Hydrogen Sulfide and Neuroinflammation.

The innate and adaptive immune system plays an important role in diverse forms of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases and peripheral nerve injury. Evidence for an innate inflammatory response in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was described 20 years ago, and subsequent studies have documented roles of inflammation in Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and a growing number of other CNS pathologies. Although inflammation may not be the initiating factor for neurodegenerative pathologies, experimental data suggests that persistent inflammatory responses involving microglia and astrocytes, as well as blood monocyte-derived macrophages, clearly contribute to disease progression.
Stochastic activity networks: formal definitions and concepts

Stochastic activity networks have been used since the mid-1980s for performance, dependability, and performability evaluation. They have been used as a modeling formalism in three modeling tools (METASAN, UltraSAN, and Mobius), and have been used to evaluate a wide range of systems. This chapter provides the formal definitions and basic concepts associated with SANs, explaining their behavior and their execution policy precisely.
Parental Alcoholism and Co-Occurring Antisocial Behavior: Prospective Relationships to Externalizing Behavior Problems in their Young Sons

The hypothesis that parental alcoholism and co-occurring antisocial behavior would be indirectly linked to child externalizing behavior problems through child lack of control, current levels of parent depression, family conflict, and parent–child conflict was tested using manifest variable regression analysis. Participants were a community sample of 125 families with an alcoholic father and 83 ecologically matched but nonsubstance abusing families involved in the first 2 waves of an ongoing longitudinal study (with 3 years between each wave). All families had a biological son who was 3–5 years old at study onset. Results revealed that child lack of control mediated the relation between paternal alcoholism and the son's subsequent externalizing behavior problems. Family conflict was a significant mediator of maternal and paternal lifetime antisocial behavior effects and father–son conflict mediated paternal lifetime antisocial behavior effects. Study implications are discussed within the context of parental socialization of antisocial behavior.
Density and velocity statistics in variable density turbulent mixing

We experimentally study variable–density mixing of miscible gases in an open-circuit wind tunnel using simultaneous particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence. Experiments of a high Atwood number (0.6) and low Atwood number (0.1) are performed to compare non-Boussinesq cases with the Boussinesq limit. The higher density gas is injected into the wind tunnel co-flow using a round jet configuration, and near-field and far-field measurements are performed to examine mixing in both momentum and buoyancy-dominated regimes. The effects of buoyancy are measurable and important in both large-scale mixing features and in turbulence quantities. The low Atwood number PDFs (probability density functions) show fast and uniform mixing. The high Atwood number PDFs of density have skewness towards the larger densities, indicating less mixing of the heavy fluid due to its inertia. The skewness in the density gradient PDFs at high Atwood number displays strong density local variations that can enhance ...
An Early Source of Information on American Immigrants

he writings of Leonard S. Kenworthy, well-known author and teacher educator for decades, offer excellent ideas for teaching the social studies. His 1936 article, "Famous American Immigrants," is a particularly rich source of suggestions for teachers, despite its obvious limitation-the fact that the immigrants to which Kenworthy refers are mainly white European males. Teachers today will naturally want to supplement Kenworthy's list with the stories of women and of people of other races and ethnic groups. Nevertheless, his article continues to be a useful reference for social studies teachers.
Making Early Field Experience Meaningful: a critical approach

Abstract This paper describes an early field experience designed to help preservice teachers become more reflective, experimental, and empowered as curriculum developers/implementors. The paper is divided into four major sections. The first section synthesizes recent research concerning teacher perspectives within preparation programs. Secondly, it describes the components of Washburn University's early field experience. Thirdly, the significant characteristics of this early field experience are examined in an effort to illuminate the way in which this practicum helps students reach the stated goals of the program mentioned above. Finally, the potential benefits of this experience are discussed.
L-lyxoflavin in the starting diets of turkeys and chickens.

SummaryIn trials with turkey poults highly significant growth responses were obtained with male poults fed a corn-soybean diet supplemented with L-lyxoflavin. Chicks fed purified diets failed to show a growth response when the diet was supplemented with L-lyxoflavin.
Polarization selective, graded-reflectivity resonance filter, using a space-varying guided-mode resonance structure.

We designed, fabricated, and tested, polarization selective, graded-reflectivity resonant filters; based on a radial-gradient spatially-distributed, guided-mode resonance device architecture. The demonstrated filters have polarized spectral-resonance responses, distributed across their aperture extent, in the range between 1535nm and 1540nm wavelengths. Spectral sensitivity was observed on device tests, for wavelength changes as low as 0.2nm. Using multiple lithographic exposures and biasing exposure methods, the devices were engineered to have a sub-aperture region, with no hard boundaries or diffraction anomalies.
Effect of charge delocalization on radical ion pair electronic coupling

Abstract Photoinduced charge separation and recombination were studied in a series of covalent donor–acceptor triads consisting of aniline, 1-aminonaphthalene, or 9-aminoanthracene donors (D) attached to a 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide chromophore (ANI), which in turn is attached to a naphthalene-1,4:5,8-bis(dicarboximide) acceptor (NI) to give D–ANI–NI. The relationship between the molecular structure of D + and the magnitude of the electronic coupling between the radicals within D + –ANI–NI − was probed by direct measurements of the spin–spin exchange interaction, 2J , using magnetic field effects on the yield of the neutral triplet state resulting from charge recombination and by density functional theory calculations.
NIRSPEC: a near-infrared cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph for the Keck II telescope

NIRSPEC is a recently funded, high-resolution, 1 - 5 micrometers cryogenic spectrograph for the Keck II telescope. The design of this new instrument is based on 1024 X 1024 InSb arrays and provides resolving powers of R equals 2,000 in non-cross-dispersed mode and R equals 25,000 in echelle mode with typically 5 to 6 orders on the array covering 60 - 90% of the selected waveband, J, H, K, or L, in a single observation. Later, even higher resolution can be achieved by using the proposed adaptive optics facility at Keck II and replacing some of the internal modules of NIRSPEC. This paper gives a brief description of the proposed design concepts, and a discussion of the detector and system constraints required to achieve the scientific goals of the instrument.
AN ARTIFACT IN PRETEST-POSTTEST DESIGNS How It Can Mistakenly Make Delinquency Programs Look Effective

A marked decrease in arrest rates-up to 70%-was noted in the evaluation of a juve nile corrections program. This so-called "suppression effect" has been widely publicized as proof of the effectiven...
Improved budgeting and financial management as a tool for enhancing the performance of local government in developing countries

Rapid economic and social changes in developing countries are impacting on their governments' ability to manage those changes, and local governments in these countries are becoming the core of decentralization experiments. This article examines the problems local governments face in meeting the challenges of rapid transformation and change. This paper suggests that budgeting be used as a means for strengthening local governments' abilities to deal with such changes. Until now, budgeting has not been used as a key intervention tool for strengthening local governments. A working model to assess the state of financial and related management conditions of local governments is provided. This model can serve as a useful point of reference for change agents involved in the strengthening of local governments.
Dynamic-demand capacitated facility location problems with and without relocation

We consider two multi-period dynamic-demand capacitated location problems. In the first problem, the facilities are allowed to be relocated in each period, whereas in the second they are kept at a fixed location determined at the beginning of the planning horizon. We provide Lagrangian Relaxation and Benders Decomposition algorithms, including an ϵ-optimal BD algorithm, for the solution for the first model and a Benders Decomposition algorithm for the second. For detailed analysis, we generate a wide variety of instances to test the performance of the algorithms by taking into account varying number of customer locations and time periods in the planning horizon as well as fixed cost structures and facility capacities. We observe that the efficiency of the solution algorithms depends on the input data structure, specifically the cost structures, the facility capacities (which, in turn, dictate the expected number of open facilities), and the variation in the total customer demand from period to period.
Microscale recovery of total lipids from fish tissue by accelerated solvent extraction

A number of techniques are available for the extraction of lipids from a variety of tissues; however, conventional methods are characteristically labor intensive, typically involve large volumes of toxic solvents, and usually require at least 1 g of tissue. With the availability of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology, the opportunity exists to modify classical lipid extraction techniques such that automated high-pressure, high-temperature extractions may be performed with the use of far smaller volumes of costly and harmsul solvents. Moreover, the high extraction efficiency attainable by ASE suggests that significantly less tissue would be required than is routinely used. This paper describes the adaptation of previously developed lipid extraction solvent systems for use with ASE toward the purpose of extracting total lipids from 100 mg of fish tissue. The efficacy of three solvent systems for lipid extraction from representative fish tissues, including a standard reference material, was explored using gravimetry and FA analysis by GC. A TG was used as a surrogate to monitor overall method performance. The findings herein demonstrate that microscale ASE represents an effective and efficient alternative to traditional lipid extraction techniques based on quantity and composition of extracted lipid, surrogate recovery, and precision.
Cell matrix methodologies for integrated circuit design

Abstract A class of integrated circuit design and implementation methodologies is described. These techniques are unique in that they simultaneously model both function and interconnect using cells. Cells are designed such that cell adjacency normally implies interconnection. The absence of an interconnection is explicitly modeled as a wire break between adjacent cells. These methodologies have the potential to greatly simplify and shorten the design process since some design steps are either eliminated or merged with others. They permit near custom layout density while reducing design time over full custom design by up to thirty times and over gate array design by up to four times.
Myxoid Change in Nondecidualized Cutaneous Endometriosis Resembling Malignancy

Cutaneous endometriosis infrequently arises in the absence of pelvic disease. Rare features such as myxoid change can resemble malignancy and may pose a challenging histological diagnosis. We are not aware of any previous cases involving nondecidualized cutaneous endometriosis with myxoid change associated with an abdominal surgical scar. We report the first such case in which a 24-year-old woman presented with a steadily growing, firm, tender, painful, subcutaneous cicatrical mass that had appeared shortly after cesarean section 1 year previously. The mass was removed and permanent sections revealed foci of large, irregular endometrial glands embedded within prominent myxoid stroma and acellular mucin pools, with fibrosis and pseudoinfiltration of the fascia. No evidence of malignancy was identified. This case demonstrates that nondecidualized cutaneous endometriosis with myxoid change should be considered in the differential diagnosis of histologically similar malignancies such as mucinous adenocarcinoma and pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Optimal error bounds for cubic spline interpolation

Abstract The error bounds considered are of the form ∥f(r) − s(r) ∥∞ ⩽ Cr ∥f(4) ∥∞ h4 − r, where s is a cubic spline interpolant of f ϵ C4[a, b], matching f in slope or in second derivative at the endpoints of [a, b]. By refinement and extension of an earlier (1968) analysis, we obtain constants C0, C1, C2, C3, which are more widely applicable and (except for C0) smaller than heretofore known. It is shown that C0 and C1 cannot be further improved. The argument invokes the Euler spline as extremal function and leads to an error bound for spline interpolation of general odd degree over a uniform mesh.