cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Universal domains for sequential computation

Classical recursion theory asserts that all conventional programming languages are equally expressive because they can define all partial recursive functions over the natural numbers. However, most real programming languages support some form of higher-order data such as potentially infinite streams, lazy trees, and functions. Since these objects do not have finite canonical representations, computations over these objects cannot be accurately modeled as ordinary computations over the natural numbers. In my thesis, I develop a theory of higher order computability based on a new formulation of domain theory. This new formulation interprets elements of any data domain as lazy trees. Like classical domain theory, it provides a universal domain T and a universal language KL. A rich class of domains called observably sequential domains can be specified in T with functions definable in KL. Such an embedding of a data domain enables the operations on the domain to be defined in the universal language. Unlike embeddings in classical domain theory, embeddings in T retain enough computational information to separate terminating and non-terminating computations. An important practical consequence of this embedding is the fact that the definitions of program operations are effective, implying that denotational language definitions expressed in this framework are effective interpreters.
Telling a Story (Essay #1)

A short while back, I collected the most common marginal notes I was making to student seminar papers and used them as the basis of a series of essays about legal writing. My goal was to provide a short-yet-comprehensive, entertaining explanation of particular legal writing skills that I could tailor to each individual student. Now, instead of writing a lengthy marginal notation on (for example) the over-use of the passive voice, I simply circle several examples in the student's paper and clip to the paper a copy of my essay. Students readily make the connection between the applicable legal writing skill and their own work, and I am able to much more efficiently and comprehensively explain not only the "hows" but also the "whys" and "what ifs." This first essay is about legal storytelling. It first discusses the elements of a good story: character, conflict, resolution, and organization. It then describes why storytelling is important for legal persuasion, discussing jury trials (which should tell a sympathetic story about the client), motions (which should remind the judge of the story of the underlying suit, but also should tell a story of what the motion is requesting), and case descriptions in motions and legal memoranda. The essay has proven most useful for students who have difficulty with case descriptions. The essay describes the importance of (1) using an introductory sentence to identify the case name, court, and what the case stands for in; (2) introducing the relevant characters; (3) describing the facts and posture in chronological order; (4) identifying the disputed issue of law as the story's conflict; and (5) identifying the holding as the story's resolution. Every motion and case tells a story. Only one party, however, is likely to be happy with the ending. The lawyer's job is to tell a story that "fits" the desired ending, so it's that lawyer's client whose ending is happy.
A DISORDER OF ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SULPHATE.

The repeated administration of dextran sulphate to young rats leads to a disorder of endochondral ossification which is characterized by a reduced amount of bone-matrix (osteoporosis) in the metaphyses of long bones. The epiphyseal-cartilage plate and the articular cartilage are unaffected. Tritium and S35-labeled dextran sulphates were prepared and administered to suckling rats in a single intraperitoneal dose. Radioactivity was detected autoradiographically from one-half to 192 hours thereafter in fibrous connective tissues, in bone at sites of matrix deposition, and in macrophages. In the metaphyses, whether the label was S35 or H3 the radioactivity was initially localized just underneath the epiphyseal plate; with time the band of radioactivity was displaced toward the medullary cavity. In young rats approximately one-third of the administered dextran sulphate was excreted in the urine within six hours. Thereafter, up to forty-eight hours, only an additional 4 to 8 per cent of the radioactivity was excreted.
Effect of Piezoelectric Actuated Winglets on the Tip Vortices

Piezometallic Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuated winglets have been designed and developed to actively control the initiation and development of tip vortex. The paper includes characterization of actuated winglets at various operating conditions and its effect on the development of tip vortex. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was employed to study the flow field associated with tip vortex and change in velocity field due to MFC actuated winglets. Initial results show that oscillatory amplitude of twice the winglet tip thickness led to enhanced diffusion and resulted in comparatively lower levels of vorticity downstream.
Coat-Hanger Ache of Orthostatic Hypotension? (P05.207)

Objective: To compare the frequency and clinical aspects of coat-hanger ache (CHA) in patients with orthostatic hypotension (OH) (SBP↓ >20 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing) during daily activities versus during head-up tilt (HUT). Background Questionnaires administered to OH patients reveal frequent CHA occurrence (∼90%), but its precipitation during HUT has not been investigated. Design/Methods: Retrospective IRB-approved review of prospectively collected data on 18 dysautonomic patients. Heart rate response to deep breathing (HRDB), Valsalva maneuver (VM), HUT, and thermoregulatory sweat test (TST) evaluated cardiovagal, adrenergic, and sudomotor functions. Occurrence and clinical features of CHA during daily activities and during HUT were recorded. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and expressed as mean ± SE. Results: Nine of 18 patients reported precipitation of dull ache or pressure affecting the posterolateral neck and shoulders within 3-10 minutes of standing or after a variable duration of sitting that was relieved within 5-20 minutes of recumbency. During HUT, 3/9 patients developed CHA. The other nine patients were without CHA during daily activities or during HUT. One of three patients who developed CHA during HUT reported amelioration during presyncopal phase. All patients had OH with SBP↓ 57.05 ± 6.02 within 1 minute of HUT. HUT duration tolerated was 5.28 ± 0.83 minutes. Autonomic tests demonstrated severe adrenergic (OH), cardiovagal (HRDB 3.07 ± 0.48 [normal, ≥ 11 bpm] and VR 1.22 ± 0.05 [normal, 1.76 ± 0.03]), and sudomotor (partial or complete anhidrosis) impairment. Conclusions: CHA was reported by 50% of OH patients during daily activities and by only 16.7% during HUT. These observations suggest a lack of direct association between OH and CHA and a complex pathophysiology. Disclosure: Dr. Khurana has nothing to disclose.
The Efficiency of Systemic Insecticides in the Control of the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle

Following trunk implantation into mature elm trees, demeton, dimefox, Thimet and Chipman R-6199 were readily translocated into the foliage and persisted many weeks. Only Chipman R-6199 at a dosage of 8 grams per tree gave marked control of Scolytus multistriatus.(Marsh.) In laboratory tests for toxicity of various systemic to this elm bark beetle, Chipman R-6199 was inferior to other organophosphates. The efficiency in the intact tree may be associated with localization in cortical tissues. In no case was a systemic as effective as DDT in beetle control and the prevention of bectle feeding.
Racial and ethnic differences in perceptions of discrimination among Muslim Americans

ABSTRACTI use data from the 2011 Pew Survey (N = 1,033) to examine the prevalence and correlates of perceived discrimination across Muslim American racial/ethnic groups. Asian Muslims report the lowest frequency of perceived discrimination than other Muslim racial/ethnic groups. Nearly, all Muslim racial/ethnic groups have a few times higher odds of reporting one or more types of perceived discrimination than white Muslims. After controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, the observed relationships persist for Hispanic Muslims but disappear for black and other/mixed race Muslims. Women are less likely than men to report several forms of discrimination. Older Muslims report lower rates of perceived discrimination than younger Muslims. White Muslim men are more likely to report experiencing discrimination than white, black and Asian Muslim women. The findings highlight varying degrees of perceived discrimination among Muslim American racial/ethnic groups and suggest examining negative implications f...
Oral microbiome and history of smoking and colorectal cancer.

Background: The equilibrium of oral microbiome may be altered by environmental factors, including cigarette smoking. Severalrecent studies also suggest that oral pathogens causing periodontal disease, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum , are involved inpathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Methods: For this study oral rinse DNA samples from 190 participants in a population-based case-control study for colorectalcancer were used to amplify a V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeqpaired end chemistry on two runs, yielding approximately 35 million filtered reads which were assigned to bacterial phyla. Results: No association was found between Fusobacterium abundance or presence and colorectal cancer. However, adjustedfor age and experimental batch, colorectal cancer history was associated with increased presence of genus Lactobacillus andincreased relative abundance of Rothia by 28% and current smoking was associated with a 33% decrease in relative counts of Betaproteobacteria (primarily Neisseria ) and 23% increase in relative abundance of Veillonellaceae family. We also found thatsmoking had significant effects on the 2 nd component scores and 2 nd coordinate distances in principal component and coordinateanalyses. Conclusions: It remains to be elucidated whether the observed differences can be translated into biochemical changes in oralenvironment, thus potentially affecting oral health.
Does Race Affect Access to Government Services? An Experiment Exploring Street-Level Bureaucrats and Access to Public Housing

While experimental studies of local election officials have found evidence of racial discrimination, we know little about whether these biases manifest in bureaucracies that provide access to valuable government programs and are less tied to politics. We address these issues in the context of affordable housing programs using a randomized field experiment. We explore responsiveness to putative white, black, and Hispanic requests for aid in the housing application process. In contrast to prior findings, public housing officials respond at equal rates to black and white email requests. We do, however, find limited evidence of responsiveness discrimination toward Hispanics. Moreover, we observe substantial differences in email tone. Hispanic housing applicants were 20 percentage points less likely to be greeted by name than were their black and white counterparts. This disparity in tone is somewhat more muted in more diverse locations, but it does not depend on whether a housing official is Hispanic.
Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Evaluation in Suixi County,Anhui Province 2003—2010

OBJECTIVE Analysis of Anhui Suixi 2003 to 2010 TB prevention and control effects.METHDOS The national tuberculosis prevention plan(2001—2010) and China tuberculosis prevention plan implementation guidelines and related project implementation plan required targets,standards and definitions to investigate,verify,statistics,analysis.RESULTS A total of 3 922 patients with smear positive case registration in Suixi County from 2003 to 2010,average annual registration rate is 43.90/100 000,one new smear-positive patients average registration rate is 36.30/100 000,the registering rate rise from 14.14/100 000 in 2003 to 36.21/100 000 in 2010(χ2=111.80,P﹤0.01) .Annual new smear-positive index complete the task was 104.85%.Smear positive case patients with an average annual cure rate was 93.73%,cure rate increase from 86.21% in 2003 to 97.07% in 2010(χ2=31.04,P﹤0.01) .New smear positive case of patients with an average annual cure rate was 94.76%,the cure rate for re-treated cases was 88.81%.The cure rate were wave shape up trend.Smear negative patients with an average annual complete therapy was 95.54%.CONCLUSION The Suixi County tuberculosis control effect is remarkable,implement DOTS strategy is to tuberculosis person found high rate,high cure rate and prevent multidrug-resistant disease of effective measures to produce.
Representations for Learning to Summarize Plots.

Stories can encapsulate complexity, subtlety, and nuance: all of which are implicitly contained in narrative and reasoned about automatically through the mental processes that come naturally to humans. For example, humans can package complicated plots into a relatively small set of well-recognized and meaningful linguistic terms. This summarization ability though has not been available to systems that deal with narrative and would be important in creating higher quality systems. In this paper, we describe preliminary work towards a machine learning model of plot summarization using conditional random fields and describe our own feature functions inspired by cognitive theories of narrative reasoning. Our approach allows us to learn summarization models of single character event driven narratives and automatically summarize new narratives later on.
The Federal Trade Commission and the Control of Deceptive Advertising

(1983). The Federal Trade Commission and the Control of Deceptive Advertising. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 7, Communication Yearbook 7, pp. 476-500.
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 23-2016. A 46-Year-Old Man with Somnolence after Orthopedic Surgery.

A 46-year-old man had worsening somnolence 1 day after replacement surgery with a femoral endoprosthetic implant. Fever, tachycardia, hypertension, and tachypnea developed, and examination revealed somnolence, gaze deviation, rigidity, and hyperreflexia. A diagnosis was made.
Spatial Distribution of Reef Fish Species along the Southeast US Atlantic Coast Inferred from Underwater Video Survey Data.

Marine fish abundance and distribution often varies across spatial scales for a variety of reasons, and this variability has significant ecological and management consequences. We quantified the distribution of reef-associated fish species along the southeast United States Atlantic coast using underwater video survey samples (N = 4,855 in 2011–2014) to elucidate variability within species across space, depths, and habitats, as well as describe broad-scale patterns in species richness. Thirty-two species were seen at least 10 times on video, and the most commonly observed species were red porgy (Pagrus pagrus; 41.4% of videos), gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus; 31.0%), black sea bass (Centropristis striata; 29.1%), vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens; 27.7%), and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus; 22.6%). Using generalized additive models, we found that most species were non-randomly distributed across space, depths, and habitats. Most rare species were observed along the continental shelf break, except for goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara), which was found on the continental shelf in Florida and Georgia. We also observed higher numbers of species in shelf-break habitats from southern North Carolina to Georgia, and fewer in shallower water and at the northern and southern ends of the southeast United States Atlantic coast. Our study provides the first broad-scale description of the spatial distribution of reef fish in the region to be based on fishery-independent data, reinforces the utility of underwater video to survey reef fish, and can help improve the management of reef fish in the SEUS, for example, by improving indices of abundance.
An Antifolk Theorem for Large Repeated Games

In this article, we study infinitely repeated games in settings of imperfect monitoring. We first prove a family of theorems showing that when the signals observed by the players satisfy a condition known as (e, γ)-differential privacy, the folk theorem has little bite: for values of e and γ sufficiently small, for a fixed discount factor, any equilibrium of the repeated game involves players playing approximate equilibria of the stage game in every period. Next we argue that in large games (n player games in which unilateral deviations by single players have only a small impact on the utility of other players), many monitoring settings naturally lead to signals that satisfy (e, γ)-differential privacy for e and γ tending to zero as the number of players n grows large. We conclude that in such settings, the set of equilibria of the repeated game collapses to the set of equilibria of the stage game.Our results nest and generalize previous results of Green [1980] and Sabourian [1990], suggesting that differential privacy is a natural measure of the “largeness” of a game. Further, techniques from the literature on differential privacy allow us to prove quantitative bounds, where the existing literature focuses on limiting results.
Abstract 4019: Examining mechanisms by which macrophages enhance intravasation in breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in women worldwide. Metastasis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in women afflicted with breast cancer. In the metastatic process, intravasation is an important step and largely dependent on interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), an integral component of the TME, have been found to associate and co-migrate with tumor cells during intravasation. Invasive TAMs that co-migrate with tumor cells in response to epidermal growth factor display a unique transcriptome in comparison to the general TAM population found in the TME. Furthermore, intercellular signaling between tumor cells and TAMs generates a positive feedback loop that promotes tumor cell invasion and intravasation. Chemokines play a major role in cell migration and are an important component of the TME. In particular, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) has been shown to be important in tumor growth and angiogenesis. MIF and IL8, two ligands of CXCR2, correlate with poor outcome in breast cancer. Our objective is to elucidate the role of macrophage CXCR2 in tumor cell intravasation. We have used flow cytometry to characterize the basal expression of CXCR2 in a murine macrophage cell line, BAC-1.2F5 (BAC). We have also analyzed mRNA expression of CXCR2 in BAC and primary TAMs isolated from a murine model of breast cancer, the polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT), by qRT-PCR. To test the functional significance of CXCR2 in intravasation, we have examined the effects of an inhibitor of CXCR2 on the ability of tumor cells to migrate through the endothelium using an in vitro transendothelial migration assay (iTEM). In this assay, MDA-MB-231 tumor cells, a human breast cancer cell line, are co-cultured with BAC cells and subsequently placed in an environment that is in contact with the basal surface of endothelial cells. We have observed that BAC cells produce CXCR2 mRNA and express surface CXCR2. We have also found elevated expression of CXCR2 in invasive TAMs as compared to the general TAM population. When MDA-MB-231 cells are co-cultured with BAC cells in the iTEM assay in the presence of SB265610, an inhibitor of CXCR2, we have found a significant reduction (p Citation Format: Serena Chiang, Zhenni Zhou, Jeffrey E. Segall. Examining mechanisms by which macrophages enhance intravasation in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4019. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4019
Energy systems for the twenty–first century

The objective of this paper is to identify the trends and the criteria, that will determine the energy and environmental requirements of the twenty–first century, and to propose a structure for responding to those requirements. The structure of an Integrated Energy System (IES) provides a new paradigm for the structure of future energy systems. An IES assumes an integration or connection of input fuels to output demands through a set of transformation processes that produce industrially useful gases. An IES is not so much a new system, as a new way of viewing existing systems. New Integrated Energy Systems can be evolved from existing technologies; examples are given of systems that are evolving and adapting in this way.
Abstract A05: An in vivo model reveals a role for Argonaute 2 in oncogenic KRAS driven pancreatic cancer initiation

Oncogenic mutations in RAS provide a compelling yet intractable therapeutic target. Using co-immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry, we recently identified an interaction between RAS and Argonaute 2 (AGO2), the core component of the RNA silencing machinery exerting translational control of mRNA transcripts. RAS and AGO2 co-sediment and co-localize in intracellular endomembrane bound organelles. The AGO2 N-terminal domain directly binds the KRAS Switch II region, irrespective of GDP/GTP bound to RAS. Functionally, we observed that AGO2 was required for maximal oncogenic KRAS levels and AGO2 knock-down attenuates cell proliferation in mutant KRAS -dependent cells. Intriguingly, AGO2 mediated microRNA processing (RISC activity) was attenuated in cancer cells expressing mutant KRAS compared to those expressing wild type RAS . Yet, these initial investigations using cell line models do not reveal a clear role for AGO2 in KRAS driven oncogenesis. Therefore, we probed the role of AGO2 in the well-established pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mouse model driven by oncogenic KRAS . Towards this end, we generated LSL- KrasG12D; Pft1a Cre; AGO2flox/flox (KCA) mice. Preliminary analysis (8-10 weeks of age) suggests that compared to LSL- KRASG12D (KC) mice, homozygous loss of AGO2 results in increased KRAS driven Acinar to Ductal Metaplasia (ADM) phenotype considered as precursors of PanIN (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia) and PDAC. This mirrors the phenotype of loss of Dicer , another microRNA processing enzyme, in the same model further reinforcing a role for microRNAs in restraining KRAS oncogenic programs. Yet unlike Dicer , loss of AGO2 alone did not cause any gross or histological changes in the development of the mouse pancreata. In an effort to understand the underlying mechanisms that are regulated by AGO2, we also studied the activated levels of a variety of signaling molecules in pancreata obtained from different genotypes. Using both Western blot and Immunohistochemical analyses, we demonstrate a previously unknown and critical role for AGO2 in KRAS-MAPK signaling pathway. Together our data from the in vivo mouse model suggests that AGO2 is an important regulator of KRAS signaling and oncogenic KRAS alters the translational machinery through its interaction with AGO2. Citation Format: Sunita Shankar, Jean Tien, Vijaya L. Dommeti, Sylvia Zelenka-Wang, Arul M. Chinnaiyan. An in vivo model reveals a role for Argonaute 2 in oncogenic KRAS driven pancreatic cancer initiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translational Control of Cancer: A New Frontier in Cancer Biology and Therapy; 2016 Oct 27-30; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A05.
Suggesting the cytologic diagnosis of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP): A retrospective analysis of atypical and suspicious nodules

BACKGROUND The term “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features” (NIFTP) has replaced a subset of follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma due to the indolent behavior of such tumors. NIFTPs are most often classified in an “indeterminate” diagnostic category. In the current study, the authors sought to identify cytologic features helpful in distinguishing NIFTP from other entities in these categories, particularly benign nodules. METHODS The authors retrospectively evaluated a consecutive cohort of 130 thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens with an indeterminate diagnosis and available histopathologic follow-up. All FNA specimens were evaluated using the ThinPrep method. Each FNA was blindly reviewed by 2 board-certified cytopathologists, who assessed overall cellularity; architectural parameters; and nuclear features, including nuclear pallor and fine chromatin, distinct nucleoli, and irregular nuclear membranes. Each case received a score of 0 to 3, based on the presence or absence of these 3 nuclear features. RESULTS Nuclear but not architectural features appeared to distinguish NIFTP from benign nodules. Ninety-one percent of the NIFTPs (32 of 35 NIFTPs) received a score of ≥2, compared with 35% of benign nodules (23 of 66 benign nodules) (P<.0001). In contrast, NIFTP could not be differentiated from the invasive/infiltrative follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma using these criteria (P = 1.000). Nuclear scoring was found to be especially useful in atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS); a score ≥2 enriched for NIFTP (39% vs 3% of AUS cases with a score <2), whereas a score <2 was more likely benign (85% vs 50% of AUS cases with a score ≥2). CONCLUSIONS In indeterminate FNA specimens, the distinction of a possible NIFTP from a benign thyroid nodule can be suggested using a simple nuclear scoring system that is most valuable in AUS aspirates. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Management of Elevated Therapeutic Impedances on Deep Brain Stimulation Leads

Clinical Vignette: A 64-year-old male with a history of essential tremor with bilateral thalamic ventralis intermedius deep brain stimulation implants had elevated therapeutic impedance values despite normal lead integrity impedances and good response to stimulation. Clinical Dilemma: Do elevated therapeutic impedance values indicate a sign of hardware malfunction? What are the guidelines to approach deep brain stimulation hardware malfunction? Clinical Solution: Lead integrity impedance values are a better evaluation of hardware integrity. The discrepancy between therapeutic and lead-integrity impedance values can arise when using low voltage settings. Gaps in Knowledge: There are no established guidelines for the management of possible hardware malfunction in deep brain stimulation. The recommended approach is to distinguish between open and short circuit problems followed by an ‘‘inching’’ evaluation, assessing the structures from the implantable and programmable generator to the intracranial leads. Constant-current devices will deliver a more stable stimulation but the effect of their adoption is still not clear. Expert Commentary: This case emphasizes the need for clinicians to understand fundamental differences in lead integrity and therapeutic impedance while utilizing a methodical approach in treating hardware malfunction. It highlights future avenues of investigation regarding the utility of constant current DBS technology.
Holding employees accountable for the accomplishment of organizational goals: The case of the u.s. federal government

Aligned appraisal systems explicitly hold employees accountable for contributing to the accomplishment of organizational goals. Furthermore, appraisal alignment is consistent with both core bureaucratic expectations and New Public Management control regimes, but the efficacy of the policy and its substantive impact have yet to be considered in detail. Over the last decade, federal agencies were encouraged to revise appraisal systems and include alignment. Using the bureaucratic policy adoption literature, an empirical model assesses why agencies choose to adopt and/or implement alignment. The empirical analyses reveal that not all agencies adopting alignment in their appraisal systems fully implemented it for employees and managers. Organizational resources and ideology of political appointees influence adoption, while the strength of strategic program management efforts exhibits a weak association with implementation.
Sustained concentration and temperature oscillations in a diesel oxidation catalyst

Abstract A diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) comprising an alumina-based washcoat of Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) is used to catalyze the oxidation of a diesel exhaust containing hydrocarbons (HCs) with sufficiently high conversion. A large-pore zeolite such as Beta (BEA) is added to the DOC to trap diesel exhaust hydrocarbons during the cold start. There is a need to gain insight on how BEA affects the performance of the HC light-off and of the transient HC oxidation. We conducted steady-state and transient trapping experiments involving the n-dodecane in order to enable improved trap design and operating strategy. Simultaneous spatio-temporal measurements of concentration and temperature, respectively by spatially-resolved mass spectrometry and coherent optical frequency domain reflectometer, provide detailed insight into the reactor dynamics. Steady-state experiments reveal unexpected periodic oscillations of CO2 and temperature in a feed temperature range (142–181 °C). The oscillatory amplitude increases with decreasing space velocity. Temperature programmed oxidation experiments reveal unusual multi-peak CO2 generation and temperature excursion behavior. A lower ramp-rate increases the number of the additional peaks. In addition, at a low heating/cooling rate of ±1 °C/min, a counter-clockwise hysteresis behavior exists. The oscillations and multi-peak behavior indicates coupling between HC trapping and oxidation. Analysis of the behavior during the hysteresis suggests that HC trapping and oxidation dominate in different regions along the length of the monolith. Since the downstream is much hotter than the upstream, the HC is re-trapped by the upstream BEA and is oxidized downstream. This study provides insight into the spatiotemporal features of the transient HC trapping and oxidation of BEA/DOC catalysts. To our knowledge, it is the first report of oscillations in a hydrocarbon trap.
Allocating Resources to Control Infectious Diseases

How can decision makers best choose among competing epidemic control programs and populations? The problem of resource allocation for epidemic control is complex, and differs in a number of significant ways from traditional resource allocation problems. A variety of OR-based methods have been applied to the problem, including standard cost-effectiveness analysis, linear and integer programming, simulation, numerical procedures, optimal control methodologies, nonlinear optimization, and heuristic approaches. This chapter reviews a number of these models. This chapter does not aim to be an exhaustive review of the literature; rather, we discuss an illustrative subset of existing models. We conclude with discussion of promising areas for further research.
A Framework for Performance and Value Assessment of E-Business Systems in Corporate Travel Distribution

This chapter proposes and illustrates a framework that the authors call the value life cycle for e-commerce systems. Based on recent research results that relate to technology investments in the corporate travel industry and related theoretical and empirical perspectives, the authors lay out the corporate travel e-commerce system solutions value life cycle. The perspective involves estimating the maximum value that that an organization can obtain by implementing an e-commerce system in a specific industry and competitive environment. It also considers multiple factors that act as value contingencies for the implementation process. These create barriers to value accrual and to post-implementation performance assessment. The analytical perspective emphasizes the importance of comparing the expected value from the evaluation stage with the realized value from actual system usage. The authors highlight a key finding for corporate travel procurement specialists: the value of e-commerce systems infrastructure is surprisingly dependent on a variety of factors in the implementation environment of the organization, and as a result, the authors suggest that investments in this kind of technology be made with considerable caution and a clear sense of the potential pitfalls that may lead to insufficient value accrual.
Trust in Elementary and Secondary Urban Schools: A Pathway for Student Success and College Ambition

The authors describe the intellectual journey associated with developing the concept of relational trust, a measure of social interactions within schools that has often been associated with increased levels of achievement. After detailing the lead author’s development of relational trust and its use in researching elementary schools in Chicago in the mid-1990s, the authors describe their recent effort to apply a relational trust framework in the creation of a high-school intervention intended to increase college attendance rates in low-income urban and rural schools. This intervention, The College Ambition Program (CAP), places graduate student researchers in local schools to run CAP Centers, or spaces within the school for mentoring, tutoring, assistance with course counseling, college planning, and financial aid assistance. Within the CAP schools, students who participated in specific CAP college preparation activities were more likely than other students to: engage in preparation activities for college entrance exams, such as the ACT test and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT); take the ACT test multiple times, complete forms for the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), and seek other scholarships or private loans. The authors conclude with several suggestions for future trust research, specifically using more nuanced measures that can accurately link relational trust to actions tied to specific school and student outcomes.
Built to Collaborate? Organization Design and Coalition Success.

Coalitions implementing health promotion initiatives are composed of organizations that collaborate with one another. However, organizations do not collaborate; rather it is people representing org...
CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in Volvox carteri.

Volvox carteri and other volvocine green algae comprise an excellent model for investigating developmental complexity and its origins. Here we describe a method for targeted mutagenesis in V. carteri using CRISPR/Cas9 components expressed from transgenes. We used V. carteri nitrate reductase gene (nitA) regulatory sequences to conditionally express Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9, and V. carteri U6 RNA gene regulatory sequences to constitutively express single-guide RNA (sgRNA) transcripts. Volvox carteri was bombarded with both Cas9 vector and one of several sgRNA vectors programmed to target different test genes (glsA, regA and invA), and transformants were selected for expression of a hygromycin-resistance marker present on the sgRNA vector. Hygromycin-resistant transformants grown with nitrate as sole nitrogen source (inducing for nitA) were tested for Cas9 and sgRNA expression, and for the ability to generate progeny with expected mutant phenotypes. Some transformants of a somatic regenerator (Reg) mutant strain receiving sgRNA plasmid with glsA protospacer sequence yielded progeny (at a rate of ~0.01%) with a gonidialess (Gls) phenotype similar to that observed for previously described glsA mutants, and sequencing of the glsA gene in independent mutants revealed short deletions within the targeted region of glsA, indicative of Cas9-directed non-homologous end joining. Similarly, bombardment of a morphologically wild-type strain with the Cas9 plasmid and sgRNA plasmids targeting regA or invA yielded regA and invA mutant transformants/progeny, respectively (at rates of 0.1-100%). The capacity to make precisely directed frameshift mutations should greatly accelerate the molecular genetic analysis of development in V. carteri, and of developmental novelty in the volvocine algae.
Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Low-Cost Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

Research comparing portable body composition methods, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), to air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is limited. We assessed reliability and validity of p...
YES, YOU CAN USE THE TRICUSPID REGURGITATION SIGNAL FOR THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR TO RIGHT ATRIAL GRADIENT, NO MATTER HOW SEVERE THE TRICUSPID REGURGITATION: A SIMULTANEOUS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: CATHETERIZATION STUDY

The performance of the modified Bernoulli equation to estimate the RV-RA pressure gradient by continuous wave Doppler in severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is not known. Simultaneous continuous wave (CW) Doppler of the TR jet was prospectively obtained at time of cardiac catheterization in seven
Abstract 210: Beta-carotene Conversion to Vitamin a Delays Atherosclerosis Progression and Accelerates Atherosclerosis Regression

β-carotene (BC) from plants is strong antioxidant and is the precursor of vitamin A in animals. Human studies show that elevated BC blood levels correlate with lower incidence of heart disease, but...
Impacts of Work Zone Component Areas on Driver Injury Severity

AbstractThe establishment of work zones along roadways is considered a necessity for the construction of new roadways, the maintenance of deteriorating structures, and to provide access for the ins...
Using Focus Groups to Explore Evolving Perceptions of Student Pharmacists' Curricular Experiences.

Objective: The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the essence of student pharmacists9 shared experiences as they transitioned through the first three years of a four-year pharmacy curriculum. The researchers aimed to explore this journey through the lens of a corresponding and relevant student development theory. The lens used to frame this research was Arthur Chickering9s Seven Vectors of Identity Development, which postulates that self-realization and identification of purpose will blossom after transcending seven steps.2 Method: The methodological framework for this study was interpretive phenomenology, which aims to interpret the lived experiences of participants. Focus group data involving 309 student pharmacists from the 2015-16 academic year were explored. Overall, a step-wise approach to data analysis was used to perpetuate the natural emergence of themes and alignment with theory. Results: As a result of the qualitative analysis, the research team identified a series of themes affiliated with the teaching and learning process, professionalism, autonomy, and managing expectations of the curriculum. The application of Chickering9s development theory as a theoretical lens supported a connection between the researchers9 findings and the seven vectors, as progress along the vectors was demonstrated through all three academic years. Conclusions: This exploration provided a glimpse into the lived experiences of student pharmacists as they journeyed from dependent learners to autonomous contributors. This evolution, or essence, occurred over time and aided in the development of self-authored individuals, which is an ideal outcome of a graduating student pharmacist.
Identification of aggregate building thermal dynamic model and unmeasured internal heat load from data

This paper is on the problem of simultaneously identifying the parameters of an aggregate thermal dynamic model of a multi-zone building and unknown disturbances from input-output data. An aggregate model is a single-zone equivalent of a multi-zone building, and is useful for many purposes, including model based control of large heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment that delivers thermal energy to the entire building. A key challenge in identification is the presence of unknown disturbance since it is not measurable but non-negligible.We first present a principled method to aggregate a multizone building model into a single zone model. We then provide a method to identify thermal parameters and the unknown disturbance for this aggregate (single-zone) model. Finally, we test our proposed identification algorithm to data generated from a virtual building. A key insight provided by the aggregation method allows us to recognize under what conditions the estimation of the disturbance signal will be necessarily poor and uncertain.
From Exigent to Adaptive: The Humans of Air Architecture and Beyond

The divorce between the disciplines of architectural design and systems engineering in conjunction with the scientisation of comfort-standards encourages a year-round and day-round comfort routine to the contemporary human. In his proposal for Air Architecture, French artist Yves Klein proposes the opposite: an architecture devoid of the responsibility to temper human environs. Mechanical machinery enables an architecture to come, while Klein’s proposal for an Architecture of Air imagines a future adaptive-human. Before the popularisation of interior weather, Native populations employed adaptations, or experience a ‘change of human sensitivity’, much like native plants and animals do in order to survive their environment, much like the transformation that Klein describes. In a world where resource reduction and scaremongering tactics regarding climate change do not accomplish enough, we must think towards a more enriched human existence, for a thriving, strengthened human race. Klein uses architecture to imagine a new, joyful world to come, encouraging human evolution through the employment of playful mechanics.
Meta-Analysis of the Usefulness of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism.

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the safety and effectiveness of inferior vena cava filter (IVCF) placement in the setting of massive and submassive pulmonary embolism (PE), Pubmed and Cochrane Library were queried to identify all clinical studies evaluating IVCF placement in patients with massive and submassive PE from database establishment to December 2019. The rate of recurrent PE, PE-related mortality, adverse events, IVCF type, additional treatment intervention, DVT status, and follow-up length were retrieved. Recurrent PE, mortality, and complication rates were pooled. Meta-analysis was performed to compare mortality rates between groups with and without IVCF placement. Subgroup analysis was performed based on whether catheter-directed therapy was used for PE intervention. Fifteen observational studies with a total of 232 patients who received IVCF for submassive or massive PE were included. The pooled overall recurrent symptomatic PE and mortality rates were 1.4% and 5.5%, respectively. A lower mortality rate among patients with IVCF was observed than those without (6.8% vs 26.3%; odds ratio [OR] 0.275 [95% confidence interval] 0.090 to 0.839], I2 = 30.6%, p = 0.023). Patients who received concurrent catheter-directed therapy demonstrated a lower recurrent PE (0% vs 2.8%) and mortality rate (3.4% vs 7.8%) than those who did not. The cumulative IVCF-related complication rate was 0.63%. In conclusion, based on a limited amount of low-quality evidence, IVCF placement is associated with low recurrent PE and PE-related mortality rates among patients with massive and submassive PE, suggestive of a potential clinical benefit in this scenario. Prospectively designed studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
The Epic Finale in the Sport Psychology Classroom: Escaping the Traditional Final Exam Format as the Culminating Class Experience

The purpose of this paper is to introduce sport psychology faculty to a nontraditional learning activity or assessment, the “epic finale.” An epic finale is a final, memorable learning experience t...
From source to sink: Glacially eroded, Late Devonian algal “cysts” (Tasmanites) delivered to the Gulf of Mexico during the Last Glacial Maximum

The source of reworked Devonian algal “cysts” in last glacial maximum (LGM) sediment in the Gulf of Mexico is traced to their host black shales, which ring the southwestern Great Lakes. The source-to-sink pathway includes intermediate storage in fine-grained LGM glacial lacustrine sediment and till. The “cysts” are pelagic chlorophyllous algae (Tasmanites and Leiosphaeridia), collectively referred to herein as tasmanitids. Radiocarbon dates of syndepositional Gulf of Mexico foraminifera, derived from accelerator mass spectrometry, bracket the Gulf of Mexico sediment age with common tasmanitids from 28.5 ± 0.6−17.8 ± 0.2 cal kyr B.P. Approximately 1400 km north of the Gulf of Mexico, tasmanitids are abundant in Upper Devonian black shales (New Albany, Antrim, and Ohio Shales) that ring the Michigan, Illinois, and Appalachian intracratonic basins. Tasmanitids were eroded from bedrock and incorporated in glacial sediment dating from ca. 28.0−17.6 cal kyr B.P. by the Lake Michigan, and Huron-Erie lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The physical characteristics of tasmanitids are ideal for long-distance transport as suspended sediment (density: 1.1−1.3 g/cc, size ranging from 63 µm to 300 µm), and these sand-sized tasmanitids traveled with the silt-clay fraction. Thus, the source-to-sink journey of tasmanitids was initiated by subglacial erosion by water or friction, sequestering in till or glaciolacustrine sediment, re-entrainment and suspension in meltwater, and final delivery in meltwater plumes to the Gulf of Mexico. River routes included the Mississippi, Illinois, Ohio, Wabash, Kaskaskia, and many of their tributaries. Reworked Devonian tasmanitids are a previously unrecognized link between their occurrence in deep-water deposits of the Gulf of Mexico and the late Wisconsin glacial history of the Upper Mississippi Valley. We propose that tracking occurrences of tasmanitid concentrations from the source area to sink, along with adjunct proxies such as clay minerals, will facilitate a more refined analysis of the timing and duration of megafloods. This study also demonstrates that isotopically dead carbon, from reworked Devonian tasmanitid “cysts,” can contaminate radiocarbon dating of LGM bulk sediment samples toward older ages.
Thirty Years of Bald Eagle Population Recovery and Nesting Ecology in Kansas, 1989–2018

Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) populations have been recovering throughout North America for the past several decades, and long-term monitoring efforts have been useful for understanding the ecological and anthropogenic drivers that influence population trajectories. We analyzed data on Bald Eagles in Kansas over 30 breeding seasons (1989–2018) to describe population growth, habitat selection, temporal trends in productivity, and predictors of nesting attempts. The breeding Bald Eagle population in Kansas recovered from a single documented nesting pair in 1989 to 137 documented nesting pairs in 2018. Habitat in and around large artificial reservoirs was important for early colonizing nesting pairs. However, as the population grew, nesting territories along river shorelines made up a majority of the total. Birds nesting in territories near rivers and large artificial reservoirs, newer territories, and territories closer to electrical lines were significantly more likely to have a nesting attempt compared to those in other territories. Capture-mark-resighting efforts allowed us to track productivity, recruitment, and site fidelity for a portion of the breeding population in Kansas (272 banded individuals). Growth of the breeding Bald Eagle population in Kansas has shown little sign of slowing in the first three decades following recolonization. Continued annual increases in the number of new nesting territories indicate that the availability of suitable habitat does not appear to be limiting population growth.