cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Birth Defects, Causal Attributions, and Ethnicity in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study

In order to translate research findings into effective prevention strategies, it is important to understand people's beliefs about the causes of poor health outcomes. However, with the exception of knowledge and beliefs about folic acid supplementation, little is known regarding women's causal attributions women regarding birth defects. We employed Attribution Theory constructs to analyze open-text interview responses from 2,672 control mothers in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study who gave birth in 1997–2005. Common themes included use of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and medications during pregnancy. Stress and emotional upset were also suggested as possible causes of birth defects. Genetic- and heredity-related responses were more likely to be mentioned by Asian/Pacific Islander women compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanic women were less likely to suggest several specific possible teratogens, such as paint, pesticides, or other chemicals, but were more likely to suggest events occurring during childbirth. Differences also emerged among ethnic groups for theoretical constructs, although most responses were categorized as controllable, changeable over time, and with an internal locus of causality.
Rotary-wing aeroservoelastic problems

The state-of-the-art in the field of alleviating rotary-wing aeroservoelastic problems (by using active controls that modify the pitch of a helicopter rotor blade so as to alleviate dynamic effects) is assessed, and the more promising developments are identified. Special attention is given to the active control of aeromechanical and aeroelastic problems, such as the active control of ground resonance, active control of air resonance, and active control of blade aeroelastic instabilities; individual blade control; active control of vibration reduction using a conventional swashplate; and coupled rotor/fuselage vibration reduction using open-loop active control. Some results are presented for each of these topics, illustrating the efficiency of the techniques which have been developed.
Hydrogen bonding and conformational equilibrium of 2-methylaminoethanol by microwave spectroscopy

Abstract From its microwave spectrum, 2-methylaminoethanol is found to exist in two rotameric forms, each having an intramolecular hydrogen bond of the type OH⋯N and a gauche OCCN configuration. The lower energy form ( GT ) has rotational constants (MHz) A = 12123.35 (31), B = 2653.774 (15), and C = 2400.756 (13), consistent with a CCNC configuration distorted ∼7° from the trans form. The dipole moment of the GT rotamer and its a , b , and c components are 2.756 (13), 2.272 (8), 1.336 (20), and 0.808 (18) D, respectively. The higher energy form ( GG ) has rotational constants (MHz) A = 8985.12 (31), B = 3076.388 (14), and C = 2868.664 (15), consistent with a CCNC configuration distorted ∼21° from the “staggered” gauche form (toward the trans form). The dipole moment of this rotamer and its a , b , and c components are 2.864 (11), 2.610 (11), 1.132 (11), and 0.331 (34) D, respectively. Relative intensity measurements give a ground state GG-GT energy difference of 0.46 (7) kcal mole −1 .
Further Observations of Multiple-Quantum Transitions. Saturation Effects in Radio-Frequency Transitions

Multiple-quantum as well as the single-quantum transitions, $\ensuremath{\Delta}F=0$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}m=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1, 2, 3, 4$, have been observed in ${\mathrm{K}}^{39}$. In the neighborhood of the rf amplitude, required to give a maximum transition probability, the lines have the behavior predicted for transitions induced by a rectangular rf pulse. For higher rf amplitudes, the line width becomes constant or else decreases after having reached a maximum width, the line frequency is modified less rapidly than predicted and anomalous transition probabilities occur. All these effects are markedly dependent on the details of construction of the rf circuit in which transitions are induced. It is suggested that these effects may arise from the end regions of the circuit through an adiabatic traverse of the circuit by the atom.
Two-electron redox energetics in ligand-bridged dinuclear molybdenum and tungsten complexes.

Electron-transfer energetics of bridged dinuclear compounds of the form [(CO)4M(μ-L)]20/1−/2− (M = Mo, W; L = PPh2−, SPh−) were explored using density functional theory coupled to a continuum solva...
Meaning Reconstruction in the First Two Years of Bereavement: The Role of Sense-Making and Benefit-Finding

Contemporary grief theories have highlighted the role of meaning-making in adaptation to bereavement, focusing on two major construals of meaning: making sense of the loss and finding benefit in the experience. The current investigation attempted a conceptual replication of the findings of Davis, Nolen-Hoeksema, and Larson (1998) that suggested that sense-making predicts adaptation to loss in the early period of bereavement, whereas benefit-finding primarily plays an ameliorative role as time progresses. To this end, an ethnically diverse sample of 1,022 recently bereaved college students completed the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) as well as questions that assessed sense-making, benefit-finding, and the circumstances surrounding their losses. Results only partially replicated the findings of Davis and his colleagues, demonstrating that: 1) time since loss bore no relation to grief complications; 2) sense-making emerged as the most robust predictor of adjustment to bereavement; and 3) benefit findi...
Soil pH and Fertility Affect Growth of Leyland Cypress Christmas Trees

Abstract Containerized liners of Leyland cypress [Callitropis × leylandii (syn. Cupressus leylandii, × Cupressocyparis leylandii)] were treated with two fertilizer rates [0.6 and 2.4 kg/m3 (1 lb/yd...
Orlistat: Current issues for patients with type 2 diabetes.

Orlistat, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the spring of 1999 as an adjunct to lifestyle intervention for weight loss. This paper seeks to examine current issues regarding orlistat use in patients with type 2 diabetes. There are a number of trials that demonstrate the bene fits of orlistat over placebo for reducing body weight and improving other health parameters. Of some interest are the preliminary explorations of interaction on cytokine levels, where a possible cardiovascular benefit is plausible. Implications of the FDA approval of over-the-counter use and the pharmaceutical development of another lipase inhibitor are also examined.
2D spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and its application for simultaneous imaging and laser surgery with a single fiber probe

We demonstrate an endoscope-compatible, mechanical-scan-free microscopy technique and its application as a highly flexible fiber probe which can simultaneously perform imaging and high precision in-situ laser microsurgery.
Ouabain-induced hypertension in a patient with decompensated hypertensive heart disease.

Increased systemic blood pressure after the administration of digitalis glycosides has been described both in clinical and experimental studies carried out under anesthesia. In awake and conscious man, digitalis-induced hypertension has been reported only rarely. However, hypertension occurs more often in conscious man in the presence of cardiovascular disease. To draw attention to the possibility of undesirable and even life-threatening complications, a patient is reported who developed accelerated hypertension and a stroke after the administration of ouabain. The possible mechanisms and therapy of digitalis-induced hypertension are discussed.
Statistical framework for technology-model-product co-design and convergence

This paper presents a statistical framework to cooperatively design and develop technology, product circuit, benchmarking and model early in the development stage. The statistical data- driven approach identifies device characteristics that are most correlated with a product performance, and estimates performance yield. A statistical method that isolates systematic process variations on die-to-die and wafer-to-wafer levels is also presented. The proposed framework enables translations of interactions among technology, product, and model, and facilitates collaborative efforts accordingly. The proposed methodology has been applied to first three development generations of 65 nm technology node and microprocessor product current-controlled oscillators (ICOs) for phase-locked loops (PLLs) that were migrated from 90 nm. Automated manufacturing floor in-line characterization and bench RF measurements are used for the methodology. The ICO exhibits yield improvement of RF oscillation frequency from 47% to 99% across three different 65 nm SOI technology generations.
Designing a Global Curriculum

The paper pleads for a global curriculum which will nurture understanding and commitment to a world society. Teachers have neglected to educate pupils for the nuclear age, for the technological revolution; for an international understanding of inter-relationships. Important aspects of the global curriculum should include peace education; inter-cultural studies; the development of thinking and valuing capacities; world problems of hunger, poverty and injustice; ethical and moral dimensions of problems; the changing nature of knowledge, future studies; real problem-solving and communication across the world in a system of networking.
Crystal Beards and Dantean Influence in Jack London's “To Build a Fire (II)”

James I. McClintock has described Jack London's classic short story “To Build a Fire (II)” as the “most mature expression of his pessimism” (116). In what follows, I wish to explore the possibility...
Towards an Understanding of The Performance of Ambient Tax Mechanisms in The Field:Evidence from Upstate New York Dairy Farmers

Using a design characterized by heterogeneous firms and stochastic ambient pollution, this study explores how results from ambient tax experiments with student subjects translate to a richer field context with dairy farmers in Upstate New York. Results suggest that the ambient tax induces group-level compliance among students and farmers. However, relative to students, farmers operating "small" firms pollute less and farmers operating "large" firms tend to pollute more. Deviations from theory among farmers are tied to beliefs about the impacts of farming on water pollution, as well as knowledge of neighbors' pollution. This study highlights the importance of framed field experiments in the policy test-bedding process.
Opiate receptor binding profile in the rabbit cerebellum and brain membranes

Abstract The equilibrium dissociation constants ( K d ) and maximal binding capacities of tritiated dihydromorphine (DHM), [ d -Ala 2 , d -Leu 5 ]enkephalin (DADLE), ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) and human β-endorphin (β-EP) in rabbit cerebellum and brain membranes have been investigated. Binding of tritiated DHM and DADLE was adequately described by a single affinity class of binding sites, while that of EKC required two affinity sites. Binding of tritiated β-EP was also consistent with a single affinity class of binding sites by Scatchard analysis, but inhibition of the binding with type selective opiate receptor ligands revealed multiple sites. Sequential displacement of a broad spectrum opiate ligand. diprenorphine (DIP), by type selective ligands showed that cerebellum membranes are relatively rich in μ (40%) and deficient in κ (12%) binding sites, while brain membranes are relatively rich in κ (32%) and deficient in μ (12%) binding sites. β-EP displaces 88 and 73% of tritiated DIP from cerebellum and brain membranes, respectively, suggesting multiple sites of β-EP binding.
Gifted Students’ Implicit Beliefs About Intelligence and Giftedness

Growing attention is being paid to individuals’ implicit beliefs about the nature of intelligence. However, implicit beliefs about giftedness are currently underexamined. In the current study, we examined academically gifted adolescents’ implicit beliefs about both intelligence and giftedness. Overall, participants’ implicit beliefs about giftedness and intelligence were significantly positively correlated while also having statistically significant mean differences, suggesting that they perceived the nature of the two constructs differently. Specifically, many students viewed intelligence as malleable (incremental view) and giftedness as fixed (entity view), whereas very few students viewed giftedness as malleable and intelligence as fixed; however, heterogeneity was observed. The beliefs identified in the current study provide important insight into the domain-specific nature of implicit beliefs of gifted students and suggest that caution be used against using terms like giftedness and intelligence inte...
Lithographic offset ink rheology related to sensory descriptions of appearance and handling

Abstract Lithographic offset inks are pigment dispersions that behave as pseudoplastic, thixotropic fluids. Printers, who use these fluids in offset printing, judge some aspects of ink quality using a set of practiced visual and tactile perceptions that are referred to collectively as the “ink body.” Measurements of ink flow behavior are routinely performed to validate offset ink quality, but the measurements usually have been restricted to a small number of readings, such as a viscosity and a yield value. These measures, although suitable to provide some level of flow description of the ink, do not sufficiently represent perceptions of the fluid properties. A sequence of tests was developed to correspond more closely to an evaluation of ink body observable through sensory interaction with the fluid by sight and touch. Offset inks with a wide range of different body characteristics were rated by a sensory panel on a scorecard. Measurements in the test sequence were then used to predict the sensory panel ratings according to an algorithm obtained by partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. Overall, the broader rheological description provides a better representation of the flow properties of offset printing ink. The test is suitable for practical use in a manufacturing environment for quality assurance.
Pricing versus Admission Control in Multi-class Loss Networks

In this paper, we study the relative roles of optimal pricing and call admission control (CAC) in network revenue performance optimization from a network provider?s perspective. We consider a multi-class loss network where each traffic class has a differentiated quality of service (QoS), as characterized by a per connection bandwidth, and an associated static charging price which decides the arrival rate of the service demand. We formulate a framework that views pricing and call admission control (CAC) as two stages of a unified call level resource allocation process, and subsequently study the impact of pricing and CAC both analytically and numerically. We show that both an optimal pricing and an optimal CAC can improve the performance, and the optimal pricing plays a significant role. Moreover, in large networks with many small users, the performance resulting from the greedy CAC and its corresponding optimal pricing approaches the upper bound performance asymptotically, and more complicated joint optimization of pricing and CAC does not provide an additional performance gain.
Central Bank Behavior and Statutory Independence

This paper integrates the Taylor reaction function literature with the literature on central bank independence (CBI). The central bank’s policy reaction function describes its behaviors, which measures the practical CBI, as opposed to the legal CBI measured by CBI indices. By analyzing the relationship between various legal CBI indices and the central banks’ reactions to inflation for 18 OECD countries, we find that the difference of behaviors among central banks is consistent with the economic measure of independence, which measures how easy it is for the government to finance its deficits by direct access to credit from the central bank.
Modification of distinct aspects of photomorphogenesis via targeted expression of mammalian biliverdin reductase in transgenic Arabidopsis plants

The phenotypic consequences of targeted expression of mammalian biliverdin IXα reductase (BVR), an enzyme that metabolically inactivates the linear tetrapyrrole precursors of the phytochrome chromophore, are addressed in this investigation. Through comparative phenotypic analyses of multiple plastid-targeted and cytosolic BVR transgenic Arabidopsis plant lines, we show that the subcellular localization of BVR affects distinct subsets of light-mediated and light-independent processes in plant growth and development. Regardless of its cellular localization, BVR suppresses the phytochrome-modulated responses of hypocotyl growth inhibition, sucrose-stimulated anthocyanin accumulation, and inhibition of floral initiation. By contrast, reduced protochlorophyll levels in dark-grown seedlings and fluence-rate-dependent reduction of chlorophyll occur only in transgenic plants in which BVR is targeted to plastids. Together with companion analyses of the phytochrome chromophore-deficient hy1 mutant, our results suggest a regulatory role for linear tetrapyrroles within the plastid compartment distinct from their assembly with apophytochromes in the cytosol.
The abstraction of linguistic ideas

The phenomenon of “idea acquisition and retention” is demonstrated experimentally and contrasted with an “individual sentence memory” point of view. Results indicate that during an acquisition phase of the experiments, Ss spontaneously integrate the information expressed by a number of non-consecutively experienced (but semantically related) sentences into wholistic, semantic ideas, where these ideas encompass more information than any acquisition sentence contained. Ss' subsequent attempts to recognize those exact sentences heard during acquisition are shown to be a function of the complete ideas acquired. Thus, Ss' are most confident of “recognizing” sentences expressing all the semantic relations characteristic of a complete idea, in spite of the fact that such sentences expressed more information than was communicated by any single sentence on the acquisition list. Ss' become less confident of having heard particular sentences as a function of the degree to which a sentence fails to exhaust all the semantic relations characteristic of a complete idea.
Correlation Analysis of Instantaneous Mutual Information in 2 × 2 MIMO Systems

In this paper, the second-order statistics such as the autocorrelation function and correlation coefficient of the instantaneous mutual information (IMI) are studied, in 2times2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) time-varying Rayleigh flat fading channels, assuming general non-isotropic scattering environments. Exact closed-form expressions are derived, as well as asymptotic approximations in low- and high-SNR regimes. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to verify the accuracy of those derived analytical results.
Periapical cemento‐osseous dysplasia: a case report with twelve‐year follow‐up and review of literature

Senia ES, Sarao MS.Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia: a case report with twelve-year follow-up and review of literature.International Endodontic Journal. AimTo present a case report describing the long-term behaviour of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia by observing the radiographic changes that took place over a period of 12 years. A review of the pertinent literature is also presented. SummaryA healthy 26-year-old white female was referred to the Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center Endodontic Department for evaluation of an asymptomatic radiolucency at the apex of the right mandibular lateral incisor. Following a clinical evaluation that included pulp testing, a diagnosis of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (PCOD) was made. No treatment was rendered but follow-up visits were recommended. The patient was subsequently re-evaluated 8 times over a period of 12 years. During that time the lesion changed in appearance, displaying the various phases of PCOD. At the same time, lesions affecting the three adjoining incisors appeared and behaved in a similar manner. At the 12-year recall, the right lateral and both central incisors revealed no evidence of PCOD and an almost normal trabecular pattern of bone could be seen. Misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment of PCOD may be avoided with careful pulp testing and knowledge of its most common locations of occurrence, radiographic appearances (phases) and benign behaviour. Key learning points • The aetiology of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is unknown. • Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is asymptomatic, detected radiographically and usually requires no treatment. • Pulp testing is an important tool in diagnosing periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, and limited-field CBCT may also be useful when available. • A correct diagnosis of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia can be validated with follow-up radiographs. • Long-term evaluation of periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia lesions is proposed.
A game theory based reputation mechanism to incentivize cooperation in wireless ad hoc networks

In wireless ad hoc networks one way to incentivize nodes to forward other nodes' packets is through the use of reputation mechanisms, where cooperation is induced by the threat of partial or total network disconnection if a node acts selfishly. The problem is that packet collisions and interference may make cooperative nodes appear selfish sometimes, generating unnecessary and unwanted punishments. With the use of a simple network model we first study the performance of some proposed reputation strategies and then present a new mechanism called DARWIN (Distributed and Adaptive Reputation mechanism for Wireless ad hoc Networks), where we try to avoid retaliation situations after a node is falsely perceived as selfish to help restore cooperation quickly. Using game theory, we prove that our mechanism is robust to imperfect measurements, is collusion-resistant and can achieve full cooperation among nodes. Simulations are presented to complement our theoretical analysis and evaluate the performance of our algorithm compared to other proposed reputation strategies.
Energy loss and coronary flow simulation following hybrid stage I palliation: a hypoplastic left heart computational fluid dynamic model

OBJECTIVES: The theoretical differences in energy losses as well as coronary flow with different band sizes for branch pulmonary arteries (PA) in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) remain unknown. Our objective was to develop a computational fluid dynamic model (CFD) to determine the energy losses and pulmonary-to-systemic flow rates. This study was done for three different PA band sizes. METHODS: Three-dimensional computer models of the hybrid procedure were constructed using the standard commercial CFD softwares Fluent and Gambit. The computer models were controlled for bilateral PA reduction to 25% (restrictive), 50% (intermediate) and 75% (loose) of the native branch pulmonary artery diameter. Velocity and pressure data were calculated throughout the heart geometry using the finite volume numerical method. Coronary flow was measured simultaneously with each model. Wall shear stress and the ratio of pulmonary-to-systemic volume flow rates were calculated. Computer simulations were compared at fixed points utilizing echocardiographic and catheter-based metric dimensions. RESULTS: Restricting the PA band to a 25% diameter demonstrated the greatest energy loss. The 25% banding model produced an energy loss of 16.76% systolic and 24.91% diastolic vs loose banding at 7.36% systolic and 17.90% diastolic. Also, restrictive PA bands had greater coronary flow compared with loose PA bands (50.2 vs 41.9 ml/min). Shear stress ranged from 3.75 Pascals with restrictive PA banding to 2.84 Pascals with loose banding. Intermediate PA banding at 50% diameter achieved a Qp/Qs (closest to 1) at 1.46 systolic and 0.66 diastolic compared with loose or restrictive banding without excess energy loss. CONCLUSIONS: CFD provides a unique platform to simulate pressure, shear stress as well as energy losses of the hybrid procedure. PA banding at 50% provided a balanced pulmonary and systemic circulation with adequate coronary flow but without extra energy losses incurred.
Will Wind Energy Progress EBB as the Natural Gas Flows? Problems and Potential of a Confused National Energy Policy

In the midst of a domestic fossil fuel revolution, natural gas prices have approached an all time low, and domestic production has reached an all time high. The potential proliferation of the natural gas industry in the United States poses interesting yet difficult questions for the renewable energy industry, specifically the wind industry. The wind energy has achieved significant advances here in the U.S. since 2008-2009, in large part due to production tax credits (PTC) and investment tax credits (ITC) as well as cash grants. These credits, however, are due to expire at the end of 2012, and the ever increasing investment in and development of the natural gas complex threatens to erode these advances and undermine a national energy policy which places carbon-free development at the forefront. This paper will explore the effects thus far witnessed and those which are anticipated for the wind industry as a result of the natural gas boom. In addition to an attempt at chronicling these developments, this paper will also explore potential mitigating factors, both regional and national, that will preserve the growth and ensure the proliferation of the wind energy yet allow the use of the vast natural gas resources the oil industry seeks to develop.
On the relationship between species concepts and speciation processes

-Although many biologists acknowledge a fundamental relationship between species concepts and the processes thought to give rise to species, there is less agreement on the extent and desirability of this relationship. While some advocate species concepts explicitly linked to particular mechanisms of speciation, others believe that concepts will function best when they are independent of particular notions of process. The existence of a diversity of interpretations of "process" has hampered a clear view of the concept-process link. Although there are general reciprocal constraints between concepts and processes, we suggest that it is profitable to maintain species concepts logically distinct from particular mechanisms of speciation. We analyze an example (from the work of Hugh Paterson) in which such a logical distinction between concept and process has not been maintained. Paterson makes the validity of the biological species concept contingent upon a particular process of speciation (reinforcement). However, such a link occurs only if biologists impose the requirement that a species criterion be a functional trait. We argue that what qualifies the members or parts of evolving populations as different species is not a function of the particular mechanism that drives the divergence. [Species concepts; speciation; mate recognition.] Two of the most fundamental problems in evolutionary biology are the proper definition of species (species concepts) and the origin of species (speciation). Because the voluminous literature devoted to these topics has tended to treat these problems separately, there has been relatively little explicit attention to the logical nexus between a species concept and possible processes of speciation. Nevertheless, those who have discussed the concept-process relationship (e.g,. Sokal, 1973; Wiley, 1978; Cracraft, 1983, 1987; Rosenberg, 1985; Templeton, 1989) suggest that an explicit analysis of this relationship may be crucial to further progress in both areas. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the issues and discussions surrounding the link between concept and process and to analyze a specific example from the recent literature. We suggest that biologists hold differing (sometimes implicit) views of this relationship, that some ambiguity remains concerning the nature of the relationship, and that species concepts which are not linked to particular theories of speciation will be most fruitful. We do not attempt to provide an exhaustive review or a definitive solution to the issues raised, but rather to bring the questions into sharper focus.
Effects of Different Methods of Calculating Mixed Depth Upon The Mixing Rates During Ion Beam Mixing

The linearity of mixing rates of ion-beam mixing of metals on silicon has been found to depend critically upon the method by which the mixed depth is calculated. For nonstoichiometric mixing, several methods of calculating the mixed depth may be used, namely: integrated area, half-height, moment, error function, and 10%–90%. When applied to the same data, these methods can yield divergent results, from linear to square-root dependences of the mixed depth upon the mixing dose. For stoichiometric mixing, the calculation of mixed depth is more straightforward, but different methods of calculation still yield widely differing results. Possible causes for these discrepancies are discussed.
Internet Worm Detection and Classification Based on Support Vector Machine

This paper proposes a novel Internet worm detection and classification method. The behaviors of worms are different from each other’s, and they are also different in terms of the normal Internet activities. So we can detect and classify worms by the extracted features of the network packets. At first, we sniff raw network packets from the local area network (LAN), and extract 13 features from the packet header, and then select 10 important features using the information gain algorithm. With the labeled features, we train Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. The classifiers can classify the behaviors of the worm apart from the normal Internet activities. And this approach can also classify network attacks and Internet worms, although the network attacks and the Internet worms have similar behaviors. In the experiments, this approach performs well in worm detection and classification.
A Dynamic Neural Network with Feedback for Trajectory Generation

Abstract A Dynamic Neural Network (DNN), comprising of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and two Feedforward Neural Networks (FFNN), is detailed in this paper. This neuro-dynamic system is used to adaptively solve the problem of trajectory generation; planning a path connecting a locus of points as a function of time. The RNN is designed to exhibit a desired dynamic behavior which drives the output FFNN to generate a specific trajectory. To make the system adaptive, a feedback FFNN is introduced to generate inputs to the RNN based on the outputs of the output FFNN. Simulations conducted for generation of different types of trajectories show the capabilities of the DNN with feedback in solving the trajectory generation problem.
Application of NIOSH lifting equation in manual lift of cylinder head

To improve productivity and balance the energy and stamina of operators,human potential under the premise of safety,the NIOSH lifting equation was used to the ergonomics safety assessment on manual lift of cylinder head in machine shop. The study on horizontal distance( H),vertical distance( V),lift distance( D) and frequency( F) of the operator was conducted,and the weight and height coefficients of revised NIOSH lifting equation were revised. The results showed that,after a reasonable adjustment of the four major parameters,the efficiency can be improved without robots and other equipments,simultaneously,the safety and health of the operator could be ensured.
Family-Oriented Pediatric Care: Taking the Next Step

Although pediatricians deal with families every day, we frequently fall into a biomedical trap. Often aware of family issues, we have not always been successful in determining how they contribute to the symptoms or complaints. Family-oriented care provides a model for enlarging the scope of our practice to more effectively explore the role of the family environment in a child’s health and well-being. Practical suggestions for implementing this model are discussed.
Premalignant lesions of the stomach.

Recent studies indicate that chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori infection is a predisposing condition for the development of both gastric adenocarcinoma and primary gastric B-cell mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The chronic gastritis induced by H pylori may evolved in specific individuals in response to additional genetic, environmental, and bacterial-virulence factors. The transitions from chronic gastritis to gastric atrophy with small intestinal (type I) metaplasia, incomplete small intestinal (type II) metaplasia, large intestinal (type III) metaplasia, low-grade dysplasia, and finally high-grade dysplasia are associated with respectively increasing cancer risk. H pylori infection may also lead to the development of an abnormal clone of B-cells and formation of low-grade MALT lymphoma, which is thought to be a precursor for the development of metastatic high-grade MALT lymphoma. In some patients, low grade MALT lymphoma has been shown to regress after eradication of the H pylori infection. The specific genetic abnormalities associated with these premalignant stages of gastric carcinogenesis are currently being defined. Other conditions associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma include autoimmune atrophic gastritis, adenomatous polyps, postgastrectomy remnants, and possibly Menetrier's disease.
Focus, Depth of Field, and Lenses

When a layman speaks about wanting a camera with good resolution so that the images produced by it are clear and sharp, that person is usually oblivious to the precise meanings of such terms as “resolution,” “acutance,” and “sharpness.” This chapter explains each of these terms. It discusses and explains the methods that can be used to focus on areas rather than on individual objects. It defines depth of field and the factors that affect it. It distinguishes between different lens types and presents the effects of each lens type. It also provides suggestions on how to minimize the diffraction effect that can adversely affect the most critical images. Camera resolution is the ability of the camera system, which includes the lens optics, camera sensor (film or a digital sensor), and image-processing software, to distinguish, or “resolve” groups of alternating line pairs as the lines become increasingly thinner and they become increasingly closer together. Acutance refers to the camera's ability to render a sharp edge of the subject as a sharp edge in the photograph. There are three camera variables that directly affect the depth of field range that includes F/stop choice, lens choice, and camera-to-subject distance.
Why warrant transmits across epistemological disjunctivist Moorean-style arguments

Epistemological disjunctivists (such as Duncan Pritchard and John McDowell) make appeal to Moorean-style anti-skeptical arguments. It is often held that one problem with using Moorean-style arguments in the context of a response to skepticism is that such arguments are subject to a kind of epistemic circularity. The specific kind of epistemic failure involved has come to be known as a failure of warrant transmission. It would likely pose a problem for the anti-skeptical ambitions of the epistemological disjunctivist if his version of the Moorean-style argument failed to transmit warrant; but no epistemological disjunctivist has offered an argument to show that this is not so. In this paper, I fill the gap by arguing that warrant transmits across epistemological disjunctivist Moorean-style arguments.
Challenging How English Is Done: Engaging the Ethical and the Human in a Community Literacies Seminar

Eight English graduate students and a professor reflect on their semester-long exploration of community literacy studies. The students, some in a MFA Creative Writing program and some doing doctoral work in literature, rhetoric, or English Education, discuss how the community literacies lens unsettled their relationship to English Studies.
Abstract B11: HER2 regulates PARP-1 expression via the let-7a microRNA in HER2+ breast cancer

Background: HER2+ breast cancers are sensitive to PARP inhibition and express elevated levels of the PARP-1 protein. However, the mode of regulation of PARP-1 expression by HER2 is not well understood. In this study, we report that the let-7a microRNA is regulating PARP-1 expression at the post-transcriptional level in HER2+ breast cancer cells. Methods: Human HER2+ breast cancer cell lines BT-474 and SKBR3 were used in this study. MDA-MB-231 (non-HER2 expressing breast cancer cells) were also stably transfected with a HER2 wild-type plasmid (231 HER2) or the vector control (231 NEO). Further, to identify candidate microRNAs regulated by HER2 overexpression we used the nCounter miRNA Expression Assay. MicroRNA and mRNA expression were validated via qRT-PCR analysis in breast cancer cell lines or patient primary tumors. Cells were also transfected with a HER2 siRNA, a let-7a mimic, and an inhibitor of let-7a as well as their respective controls. Western blot analysis and firefly luciferase assays were used to determine whether the 39UTR of PARP1 was being directly targeted by the let-7a microRNA. Results: HER2 did not regulate PARP-1 at the mRNA level but increased PARP-1 protein in HER2+ breast cancer cells. Specifically, ectopic HER2 overexpression correlated with increased PARP-1 protein levels in the 231 HER2 cell line. Conversely, silencing HER2 reduced PARP-1 protein levels in the BT-474 and SKBR3 cell lines. NanoString nCounter analysis revealed that the HER2+ breast cancer cell lines expressed low levels of the let-7a microRNA. Further, let-7a expression was upregulated after HER2 knockdown in the two native HER2+ breast cancer cell lines. The let-7a mimic also reduced both PARP1 protein expression and luciferase activity in the 231 HER2 and BT-474 cell lines, whereas the let-7a inhibitor reversed these effects in the 231 NEO cell line. Importantly, HER2+ breast tumors expressed higher levels of PARP-1 and lower levels of let-7a; whereas, the HER2- breast tumors expressed lower levels of PARP-1 and higher levels of let-7a. Conclusions: These results suggest that let-7a regulates PARP-1 expression in HER2+ breast tumors. Let-7a may also be a potential therapeutic target and predictive biomarker of PARPi sensitivity in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Monicka Wielgos, Rajani Rajbhandari, Susan Nozell, Shi Wei, Eddy S. Yang. HER2 regulates PARP-1 expression via the let-7a microRNA in HER2+ breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B11.
Intensive open-air cultivation of vegetable crops (tomatoes and lettuce) in California, USA:

Climatic conditions in California are so favourable that intensive outdoor horticultural production is economically feasible despite the inconvenience and expense of long-distance transport to high...
Temperament, coping, and involuntary stress responses in preadolescent children: the moderating role of achievement goal orientation

ABSTRACTBackground and objectives: Developmental theorists posit that temperament contributes to preadolescent’s stress response styles. Findings from empirical studies, however, have yielded mixed results, thus indicating a need to consider moderators of this relation. Utilizing an analytic framework guided by resiliency theory [Zimmerman, M. A. (2013). Resiliency theory: A strengths-based approach to research and practice for adolescent health. Health Education & Behavior, 40, 381–383], this study examined achievement goal orientation as a moderator of the relation between temperament and stress response styles.Methods: 96 preadolescent–parent dyads (Mage = 10.30 years, range = 9–12 years) participated in the study. Preadolescents reported on their achievement goal orientation, coping and involuntary stress responses (ISRs) styles and a parent reported on children’s temperament.Results: Multiple regressions revealed that effortful control positively predicted preadolescent’s predominant use of engagemen...
Fidel and Gummy Bears?: Transgressive Humor in Contemporary Latina Fiction

In what ways might women’s writing be considered transgressive? Latina authors traverse a myriad of socially constructed frontiers. The church, sex, and traditionally prescribed gender roles are just a few of the dangerous borders women may cross at their own risk. In this essay, Sonia Alvarez Wilson explores the various ways Latina authors challenge cultural confines with wit, humor, and a pioneering spirit. In Woman Hollering Creek by Sandra Cisneros, the fiction of Judith Ortiz Cofer, and King of Cuba by Cristina Garcia, these Latina women writers confront the church and traditional social mores through taboo sexual liaison, explicit descriptions of the body, and caricature. These Latina writers proclaim their literary emancipation from centuries of silencing and lead the way for others to do the same as women and as writers. This exploration of the writing of American authors of Caribbean and Mexican origin highlights their use of transgressive humor to resist and challenge cultural norms and stereotypes.
Histone Methyltransferase Setd7 Regulates Nrf2 Signaling Pathway by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Ursolic Acid in Human Prostate Cancer Cells.

Scope This study aims to investigate the role of the epigenetic regulator SET domain-containing lysine methyltransferase 7 (Setd7) in regulating the antioxidant Nrf2 pathway in prostate cancer (PCa) cells and examines the effects of two phytochemicals, phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and ursolic acid (UA). Methods and results Lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of Setd7 in LNCaP and PC-3 cells decreases the expression of downstream Nrf2 targets, such as NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 2 (Gstt2). Downregulation of Setd7 decreases soft agar colony formation ability of PCa cells. Knockdown of Setd7 increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, Setd7 knockdown attenuates Nqo1 and Gstt2 expression in response to H2 O2 challenge, whereas increased DNA damage is observed in Setd7 knockdown cells in comet assay. Interestingly, Setd7 expression could be induced by the dietary phytochemicals PEITC and UA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays show that Setd7 knockdown decreased H3K4me1 enrichment in the Nrf2 and Gstt2 promoter regions, while PEITC and UA treatments elevated the enrichment. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that Setd7 knockdown decreases Nrf2 and Nrf2-target genes expression and that PEITC and UA induce Setd7 expression, which activates the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and protects DNA from oxidative damage.
An alternative data analytic approach to measure the univariate and multivariate skewness

We introduce a new measure of univariate skewness of a distribution or data based on quantiles and by using the concepts of even and odd functions. Based on this new measure, we then suggest an approach to define the multivariate skewness for the multivariate distributions and multidimensional data and accordingly suggest a measure for it. Using numerous data sets, we illustrate that Mardia’s measure of multivariate skewness appears to be ambiguous in what it actually measures and show that our measure not only has an intuitive appeal, it also unambiguously quantifies what one would view as the multivariate skewness. Approach presented here is data analytic and can be implemented on a computer. Based on the idea of orthogonal transformation of the data, we also suggest another multivariate measure of skewness which may be simpler to compute.
Animal models to study bile acid metabolism.

Abstract The use of animal models, particularly genetically modified mice, continues to play a critical role in studying the relationship between bile acid metabolism and human liver disease. Over the past 20 years, these studies have been instrumental in elucidating the major pathways responsible for bile acid biosynthesis and enterohepatic cycling, and the molecular mechanisms regulating those pathways. This work also revealed bile acid differences between species, particularly in the composition, physicochemical properties, and signaling potential of the bile acid pool. These species differences may limit the ability to translate findings regarding bile acid-related disease processes from mice to humans. In this review, we focus primarily on mouse models and also briefly discuss dietary or surgical models commonly used to study the basic mechanisms underlying bile acid metabolism. Important phenotypic species differences in bile acid metabolism between mice and humans are highlighted.
Listening to Bach lights up crocodile brains

![Graphic][1] In a ground-breaking first, researchers have measured brain activity in live crocodiles to understand how brains evolved to process sights and sounds. As crocodiles are a recent ancestor of birds and, more distantly, mammals, seeing how far back in evolutionary time brain
1 A comparison of direct aspiration vs stent retriever as a first approach (‘COMPASS’): a randomized trial

Background and objective Stent retriever thrombectomy of large vessel occlusion results in better outcomes than medical therapy alone. A recent European study designed to evaluate superior angiographic outcomes with an aspiration first pass approach failed to show superiority but suggested similar clinical outcomes. COMPASS is designed to evaluate whether patients treated with adirect aspiration first pass (ADAPT) approach have non-inferior functional outcomes to those treated with a stent retriever as first-line (SRFL) approach. Materials and methods 270 patients were enrolled into this prospective randomized open label, blinded outcome assessment and core lab adjudicated trial. Randomization was 1:1 to treatment with either ADAPT or SRFL thrombectomy. Primary outcome is non-inferiority of clinical outcome at 90d as measured by the percentage of patients achieving mRS of 0–2. Secondary outcomes include angiographic outcome, procedural time, mortality and cost analyses. Results COMPASS completed enrollment on July 5th, 2017and final Data Lock was completed on October 31st, 2017. Preliminary demographic and presentation-imaging analyses show excellent balance between cohorts. COMPASS has achieved successful collection of 96% of 90 d mRS for enrolled patients and 100% of imaging data. Limited preliminary results were presented at ISC 2018. Complete data results will be made at SNIS. Conclusions COMPASS is the first prospective randomized open label, blinded outcome assessment and core lab adjudicated trial of patients treated with either ADAPT or SRFL approaches specifically designed to determine non-inferiority in functional outcome. Current indicators demonstrate COMPASS has achieved an extremely low loss-to-follow-up rate. These data will provide substantial insight into the appropriateness of aspiration thrombectomy. Disclosures A. Siddiqui: 1; C; NINDS, NIBIB, NICHHD. 2; C; Cerenovus, Penumbra, Medtronic, Stryker,Corindus, Amnis, Three Rivers, Cerebrotech, Rebound, Abbott, Guidepoint,Gore, Vastrax. 4; C; Imperative, Synchron, Claret, Reist, Cardinal, Blink TBI, Endostream, Serenity, NTI, Viseon, Neurvana, Cerebrotech. 5; C; University at Buffalo, Jacobs Institute. J. Mocco: 1; C; Stryker, Penumbra, Medtronic. 2; C; Rebound,Viseon, Cerebrotech, Endostream, Vastrax. 4; C; Cerebrotech, Imperative, Endostream, Apama, Rebound, Viseon, Neurvana, Cardinal Consulting, BlinkTBI, Serenity, NTI. 5; C; Mount Sinai School of Medicine. A. Turk: 1; C; Stryker, Microvention, Penumbra, Medtronic, Toshiba, Siemens. 2; C; Medtronic, Endostream, Penumbra, Siemens, Vastrax. 4; C; Cerebrotech, Imperative, Endostream, Apama, Rebound, Viseon, Neurvana, Cardinal Consulting, BlinkTBI, Serenity, NTI. 5; C; Medical University of South Carolina.