cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Event Exposure and Behavioral Health Disorders among Incarcerated Females Self-Referred to Treatment

At least half of the women inside prison have mental health problems, have experienced physical, sexual, or emotional abuse during their formative years and often in adulthood, and have addiction problems. Only a minority of these women receive treatment for their behavioral health problems associated with trauma while incarcerated, even though these problems are risk factors for returning to prison after release. This study focuses on the traumatic experiences and behavioral health problems of a group of female inmates who volunteered in August 2009, to be screened for admission into an integrated trauma-reentry program implemented at an adult female correctional facility. Of the 278 women who self-referred for screening, 196 preliminarily met the time eligibility criterion of residing at the prison for eight to 24 more months. Half of these women (n = 97) were actually time-eligible for screening and agreed to be screened. Of this sample of treatment-seeking soon-to-be-released female prisoners, the vast majority (93%) reported significant and complex histories of traumatic event exposure and high rates of either posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or sub-threshold PTSD, past alcohol and other substance abuse or dependence, other axis I psychiatric disorders, and subjective distress. Identifying trauma exposure histories and associated behavioral health problems within this population and providing effective interventions holds potential promise for preparing incarcerated women to manage their post-release lives in ways that will keep them safe, healthy, and in the community.
Clinical and Clinicopathologic Effects of Large Doses of Raw Linseed Oil As Compared to Mineral Oil in Healthy Horses

The clinical and clinicopathologic effects of raw linseed oil and mineral oil were compared. In a crossover experimental design trial, 6 horses were given either raw linseed oil (2.5 mL/kg body weight) or mineral oil (10 mL/kg body weight), twice, 12 hours apart. Two weeks later, the horses received the opposite treatment. All horses given mineral oil or linseed oil developed nonformed feces by 24 hours of the first administration of oil. Horses treated with mineral oil had formed feces at 48 hours; horses treated with linseed oil developed normally formed feces at 96 to 108 hours. All horses treated with linseed oil had signs of depression and anorexia, and 3 had signs of mild colic. These signs were not observed in horses treated with mineral oil. Concentrations of serum glucose and bilirubin were significantly higher in horses treated with linseed oil when compared with horses treated with mineral oil.
The relative effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bone strength

This investigation determined the relative importance of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization in determining the tensile strength of bovine cortical bone. Thirty-nine specimens were tested for failure stress and the values of eight histologic and compositional parameters: collagen fiber orientation, wet and dry apparent density, percent mineralization of the bone matrix, and several components of porosity (Haversian canals, Volkmann's canals, and plexiform vascular spaces). Linear regression analysis showed that collagen fiber orientation was consistently the single best predictor of strength. Mineralization of the bone matrix was generally a poor predictor of strength. Density and porosity ranked between these variables in importance. Multiple regression equations containing all significantly correlated variables achieved correlation coefficients of 0.607 for plexiform bone and 0.881 for osteonal bone. Also, separate analysis of plexiform and osteonal specimens showed that the latter group was weaker even though it was less porous, apparently because it had collagen fibers which were less longitudinally oriented. This study suggests it is feasible to develop better empirical formulae for the prediction of cortical bone strength than are currently available if a variety of variables is introduced. Additional data are needed to confirm these results.
The surface membrane as a regulator of animal cell division

The surface membrane of an animal cell is proposed to be the target for regulation of cell division. It undergoes regular periodic changes during the cell division cycle. Interference with these changes by cell-cell surface contacts is proposed to prevent the normal progression of events, and thereby can change the metabolic pattern so as to put the cells into a resting state. Through external influences, cells can escape from this resting state; when this occurs surface changes are the earliest ones observed. Cells that have become malignant, particularly after virus infection, show marked changes in their surface properties. Infection is proposed to prevent the surface changes that lead to the resting state. Recent evidence from in vitro experiments is summarized, and some speculations are made on the connection between the surface and processes of division such as nuclear replication.
Therapist, Parent, and Youth Perspectives of Treatment Barriers to Family-Focused Community Outpatient Mental Health Services

This exploratory qualitative study describes treatment barriers to receiving family-focused child mental health services for youths with disruptive behavior problems from multiple perspectives. Data were collected during a series of focus groups and interviews, including: 4 therapist focus groups, 3 parent focus groups, and 10 youth semi-structured interviews. Therapist, parent, and youth stakeholder participants discussed perceived barriers to effective treatment, the problems with current child outpatient therapy, and desired changes (i.e., policy, intervention, etc.) to improve mental health services. Results indicate similar themes around treatment barriers and dissatisfaction with services within and across multiple stakeholder groups, including inadequate support and lack of family involvement; however, parents and therapists, in particular, identified different contributing factors to these barriers. Overall, stakeholders reported much frustration and dissatisfaction with current community-based outpatient child therapy services. Study findings can inform service provision, intervention development, and future research.
Constructing multivariate process capability indices for short-run production

Job-shop factories (or short-run production facilities) are now becoming increasingly widespread as consumer requirements increase and production techniques are improved. The number of products in a short-run lot is small, so engineers cannot collect sufficient samples to determine the distribution of quality characteristics and estimate process parameters. Additionally, multiple quality characteristics must be simultaneously evaluated to determine product quality, when the complexity of the product design is high. In such a case, conventional process capability indices such as Cp and Cpk cannot satisfy practical requirements. Recently, multivariate process capability indices (MPCI) have been studied. However, these studies focus primarily on mass production and assume that quality characteristics are normally distributed in developing the MPCI. Studies to develop process capability indices, especially MPCI, for short-run production are few. On the basis of Clement’s method, this study develops a procedure for constructing MPCI for short-run production using the technique of principal component analysis. A case study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed procedure .
Influence of levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen upon gasping in perfused rat preparation

In vivo, the augmenting pattern of integrated phrenic nerve discharge of eupnea is altered to the decrementing pattern of gasping in severe hypoxia or ischaemia. Identical alterations in phrenic discharge are found in perfused in situ preparations of the juvenile rat. In this preparation, gasping was produced by equilibration of the perfusate with various levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The duration of the phrenic burst, the interval between bursts and the burst amplitude were not significantly different following equilibration with 21-6%O(2) at 5% CO(2) or with 0-9% CO(2) at 6% O(2), with the exception that the burst amplitude was significantly greater in hypercapnic-hypoxia (9% CO(2) at 6% O(2)). It is proposed that hypoxia-induced gasping results from the release of an endogenous pacemaker activity of rostral medullary neurons. This release is caused by cellular mechanisms that change the balance between membrane ionic currents. Moreover, these cellular mechanisms may be explicitly induced by alterations in the ionic and metabolic homeostasis.
Transonic aeroelasticity analysis for rotor blades

A numerical method is presented for calculating the unsteady transonic rotor flow with aeroelasticity effects. The blade structural dynamic equations based on beam theory were formulated by FEM and were solved in the time domain, instead of the frequency domain. For different combinations of precone, droop, and pitch, the correlations are very good in the first three flapping modes and the first twisting mode. However, the predicted frequencies are too high for the first lagging mode at high rotational speeds. This new structure code has been coupled into a transonic rotor flow code, TFAR2, to demonstrate the capability of treating elastic blades in transonic rotor flow calculations. The flow fields for a model-scale rotor in both hover and forward flight are calculated. Results show that the blade elasticity significantly affects the flow characteristics in forward flight.
Determining straight line correspondences from intensity images

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for straight edge extraction from intensity images and an algorithm for straight line matching. In the first part of the paper, straight edge extraction is described. Image data are first processed by the operation of edge support focusing to remove unnecessary image details. An edge support is formed in this process. Then, straight edges are extracted from line support regions, which are segmented from the edge support. In the second part of this paper, we describe straight line matching using a matching function, which characterizes the similarity of edge lines of two images and is based on not only the geometrical relations of the lines but also the information from the intensity images. A technique of two-step matching is applied to reduce the cost of computation. The motivation behind this paper is our work on motion estimation from line correspondences of sequential images where straight edge extraction and matching is an essential first step. The output data of the algorithm can also be used for calibration of stereo camera setups. The results of experiments using indoor and outdoor scene images are shown.
SIGMINI (Tutorial Session)

This tutorial discusses comparisons and contrasts of minicomputer and microcomputer based systems. The technical organization of minicomputers and microprocessors is presented first. The emphasis here is on the evolutionary development of small computer architectures and the associated electronic technology.Software support and development systems are discussed next. The uses and availability of languages and operating systems are linked to the architectural developments presented above. The unique aspects of microprocessor prototyping systems are contrasted to minicomputer systems. Current systems are emphasized rather than historic material.Of course, applications must permeate any discussion of small computer systems. A general assessment is made of the strengths and limitations of mini and micros for various applications. The economics and technical problems of some particular systems are used as examples.Concluding remarks are made on the social implications and the future development and application of minicomputer and microcomputer based systems.
Variation in the TLR4 gene influences the risk of organ failure and shock posttrauma: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND Genetic variation contributes to risk and outcomes of sepsis. We sought to determine whether variation in inflammation related genes is associated with severity of sepsis in trauma patients. METHODS A cohort of severely injured Caucasian patients was studied and genotyped for candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These were toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) A896G, tumor necrosis factor-alpha G-308A, interleukin-6 G-174C, interleukin-1beta C-31T, and cluster of differentiation marker 14C-159T. SNP genotypes among patients with sepsis and complicated sepsis were analyzed by chi2 and logistic regression. Six haplotype-tagging SNPs in the TLR4 gene were subsequently examined to analyze their influence on TLR4 A896G SNPs relationship to sepsis severity. RESULTS We enrolled 598 patients. Complicated sepsis developed in 147 (25%). Adjusting for independent risk factors, carriage of the variant TLR4 896 G allele was associated with decreased risk of complicated sepsis (odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.7, p = 0.008). Furthermore, two haplotypes seemed to better characterize this risk than the variant TLR4 896G allele. The variant TLR4 896G allele is linked to one common haplotype, which seems to confer a considerably reduced risk of complicated sepsis. (aOR = 0.2 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.7, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Variation within TLR4 gene is associated with severity of posttraumatic sepsis. This risk may not be solely related to TLR4 A896G SNP. It is likely that other, uncharacterized variations in the TLR4 gene contribute to sepsis severity. A thorough evaluation of variability within the TLR4 gene is needed to characterize sepsis risk.
In Vivo Mouse Bioluminescence Tomography with Radionuclide-Based Imaging Validation

Introduction Bioluminescence imaging, especially planar bioluminescence imaging, has been extensively applied in in vivo preclinical biological research. Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) has the potential to provide more accurate imaging information due to its 3D reconstruction compared with its planar counterpart.
Elimination of the yeast Candida parapsilosis from lymphoid cells and monolayer cells in culture

In our laboratory, airborne yeast contaminants of cell cultures have consistently been of the genus Candida (species Candida parapsilosis), which are difficult to control with fungicidal agents. To salvage cell lines that show the presence of this fungus, two effective methods may be employed. In early stages of infection, the addition of activated mouse peritoneal macrophages (5 X 10(5) cells/ml) to the culture medium containing 5 micrograms Fungizone /ml eliminates all spores by phagocytosis. More heavily contaminated cultures can be depleted of fungi by density centrifugation on a layer of 38% Percoll. Remaining single spores, often not detectable by light microscopy, can be removed by the addition of macrophages (2 X 10(5)/ml) and Fungizone (5 micrograms/ml) to the culture medium. Contaminated monolayer cells can be freed of blastospores by several washes with balanced salt solution and subsequent culturing for 4 d in medium containing 10 micrograms Fungizone /ml without any toxic effects to the cells. These procedures can rescue valuable cell lines and hybridomas that would otherwise be lost.
Venezuelan peasants, capitalism, and the modern world‐system

Roseberry, William. Coffee and Capitalism in the Venezuelan Andes. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. xv + 256 pp. including bibliography and index. $22.50 cloth.
Ionization Afterglow Measurements on Nitrogen

The ionization afterglow experiments which are described utilize a beam of high-energy electrons (20 to 30 Mev) to produce a uniform and known concentration of ionization in a gas sample. Measurements of the electron density and collision frequency are then performed by observing the interaction of the free electrons with a probing microwave field. Studies of nitrogen have indicated that the apparent rate of electron thermalization at slightly epithermal energies is consistent with elastic scattering alone. The collision frequency at thermal energies is in good agreement with that determined from drift experiments. Electron-ion recombination is anomalous because the apparent recombination coefficient is afunction of the initial ionization intensity. This observation may be ascribed to the influence of metastables.
Factors associated with high-rise evacuation: qualitative results from the World Trade Center Evacuation Study.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the fact that most high-rise structures (i.e., >75 feet high, or eight to ten stories) are constructed with extensive and redundant fire safety features, current fire safety procedures typically only involve limited evacuation during minor to moderate fire emergencies. Therefore, full-scale evacuation of high-rise buildings is highly unusual and consequently, little is known about how readily and rapidly high-rise structures can be evacuated fully. Factors that either facilitate or inhibit the evacuation process remain under-studied. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents results from the qualitative phase of the World Trade Center Evacuation Study, a three-year, five-phase study designed to improve our understanding of the individual, organizational, and environmental factors that helped or hindered evacuation from the World Trade Center (WTC) Towers 1 and 2, on 11 September 2001. METHODS: Qualitative data from semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus groups involving WTC evacuees were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: On the individual level, factors that affected evacuation included perception of risk (formed largely by sensory cues), preparedness training, degree of familiarity with the building, physical condition, health status, and footwear. Individual behavior also was affected by group behavior and leadership. At the organizational level, evacuation was affected by worksite preparedness planning, including the training and education of building occupants, and risk communication. The environmental conditions affecting evacuation included smoke, flames, debris, general condition and degree of crowdedness on staircases, and communication infrastructure systems (e.g., public address, landline, cellular and fire warden's telephones). CONCLUSIONS: Various factors at the individual, organizational, and environmental levels were identified that affected evacuation. Interventions that address the barriers to evacuation may improve the full-scale evacuation of other high-rise buildings under extreme conditions. Further studies should focus on the development and evaluation of targeted interventions, including model emergency preparedness planning for high-rise occupancies. Language: en
Sociopharmacology of d-amphetamine in Macaca arctoides

This study was designed to assess the effects of acute d-amphetamine pretreatment on the social behavior of a heterosexual group of adult M. arctoides. The dominance status had been previously determined by use of daily group food competition tests. Prior to some sessions amphetamine was administered to a single group member; whereas on other occasions all subjects were drug treated. The effects of both the individual and concurrent pretreatments were compared to those produced by saline. Furthermore, the effects of individual treatment were compared to those following concurrent dosing. The behavior of the group was monitored for one hour after a fifteen minute pretreatment time. Although generally qualitatively similar, the effects of concurrent and individual treatment were in many instances quantitatively different. d-Amphetamine increased vocalization, self-grooming, playing (low doses), social grooming (low doses), and aggression (low doses). At higher doses most forms of social interaction (playing, social grooming) were greatly decreased. Presenting behavior was increased by all doses under both treatment conditions. Mounting was increased to a much lesser extent and only after concurrent dosing. The increased presenting and mounting may be a result of sexual stimulation or perhaps more likely, an indication of increased submissive behavior directed toward more dominant animals.
From Concepets to Practice

Social work has a number of broad conceptual models, but the difficulty lies in translating them into concrete categories that reflect the student's or practitioner's experience in the field. This paper presents a middle-range conceptualization which works both deductively from the conceptual models and inductively from practice experiences. The conceptual frame is made up of three dimensions: (a) levels of intervention; (b) phases of the problem-solving model; and (c) components involved in each step of the intervention. In each cell of the framework one can specify relevant practice activities. The topic of engagement is discussed as an example of how the model works. Finally, the paper describes how this middle-level conceptualization can be taught to graduate school students.
SU‐E‐T‐416: VMAT Dose Calculations Using Cone Beam CT Images: A Preliminary Study

Purpose: Cone beam CT (CBCT) images have been used routinely for patient positioning throughout the treatment course. However, use of CBCT for dose calculation is still investigational. The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of CBCT images for Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plan dose calculation. Methods: A CATPHAN 504 phantom (The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY) was used to compare the dosimetric and geometric accuracy between conventional CT and CBCT (in both full and half fan modes). Hounsfield units (HU) profiles at different density areas were evaluated. A C shape target that surrounds a central avoidance structure was created and a VMAT plan was generated on the CT images and copied to the CBCT phantom images. Patient studies included three brain patients, and one head and neck (H'N) patient. VMAT plans generated on the patients treatment planning CT was applied to CBCT images obtained during the first treatment. Isodose distributions and dosevolume- histograms (DVHs) were compared. Results: For the phantom study, the HU difference between CT and CBCT is within 100 (maximum 96 HU for Teflon CBCT images in full fan mode). The impact of these differences on the calculated dose distributions was clinically insignificant. In both phantom and patient studies, target DVHs based on CBCT images were in excellent agreement with those based on planning CT images. Mean, Median, near minimum (D98%), and near maximum (D2%) doses agreed within 0-2.5%. A slightly larger discrepancy is observed in the patient studies compared to that seen in the phantom study, (0-1% vs. 0 - 2.5%). Conclusion: CBCT images can be used to accurately predict dosimetric results, without any HU correction. It is feasible to use CBCT to evaluate the actual dose delivered at each fraction. The dosimetric consequences resulting from tumor response and patient geometry changes could be monitored.
Competitive performance of multiple spectrum access strategies coexisting in heterogeneous cognitive radio networks

This paper develops a computationally efficient method to evaluate the competitive performance of multiple spectrum access strategies when they coexist and compete with each other in a heterogeneous cognitive radio network (CRN).We use a Markov Model Bank (MMB) to model the operations of the heterogeneous CRN. Various spectrum sensing errors, spectrum sensing strategies, and spectrum access strategies can be conveniently modeled. In particular, three typical spectrum access strategies are analyzed. Throughput expressions for each CRN user can be derived even when different strategies are adopted by different users. Simulation shows the critical fairness challenge among the CRN users when different strategies compete in the heterogeneous CRN.
Frequent Trinexapac-ethyl Applications Reduce Nitrogen Requirements of Creeping Bentgrass Golf Putting Greens

The plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (TE) [4-(cyclopropyl-a-hydroxymethylene)-3,5dioxo-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethylester] reduces turfgrass clipping yield and enhances turfgrass color and density. Typically, such responses are achieved through alteration of N application rate, yet few have comprehensively investigated the effect of TE on turfgrass N requirements. We hypothesized that TE reduces putting green N requirements without sacrifi cing turfgrass quality. A three year study was conducted on a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting green with treatments consisting of three N application rates (5, 10, and 20 kg N ha–1 14 d–1) with or without TE application. To sustain season-long growth suppression, TE was applied at 0.10 kg a.i. ha–1 every 200 growing degree days (GDD; base 0°C). Turfgrass yield and color were quantifi ed every other week, and clipping tissue N content was analyzed monthly. Clipping yield, tissue N content, N removal, and color index increased with N rate. All attributes responded linearly to N application rate. Trinexapac-ethyl enhanced color while suppressing clipping yield and nutrient removal from mowing. As a result, TE reduced creeping bentgrass putting green N requirements by 25% conservatively and on several occasions by greater than 50%. W.C. Kreuser, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; D.J. Soldat, Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706. Received 18 July 2011. *Corresponding author (wck38@cornell.edu). Abbreviations: GDD, growing degree days; TE, trinexapac-ethyl. Published in Crop Sci. 52:1348–1357 (2012). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2011.07.0364 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
Multivariable stability margins for boiling water nuclear reactors

This paper evaluates the stability margin of a Boiling Water Nuclear Reactor (BWR) with respect to the instability mechanism of density wave oscillations. In contrast to the traditional single-input, single-output (SISO) methods a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) approach is presented.
The localization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase within the muscle of the roach, Periplaneta americana, by means of fluorescent antibody

Precipitating antiserum has been obtained from guinea pigs inoculated subcutaneously with five times recrystallized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase prepared from rabbit muscle. The increase in percent globulin protein has been followed by analytrol recordings of serum samples over a six month inoculation period. Precipitin reactions were obtained both in solution by the ring test and by the Ouchterlony agar gel technique. Pooled globulin fractions of immune guinea pig sera conjugated to fluorescein isocyanate were used to demonstrate the presence of the enzyme in mitochondria of freshly teased, unfixed fibers of the wing and leg muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. It was observed in the tissues studied, that the enzyme was confined to the mitochondria and was not in the sarcoplasm. By comparison with teased fibers stained with fluorescent antimyosin globulin solution and by histochemical staining techniques, it has been demonstrated that the mitochondria containing GAPD encircle the myofibrils, peripheral to the I band and give a cross striated appearance to the resting fiber. That the mitochondria are intimately associated with this area is also shown by the fact that they are displaced with contraction or expansion of either single myofibrils or the whole fiber. The binding of this enzyme within the mitochondria of the roach muscle fiber by anti-GAPD globulin from serum of guinea pigs immunized with GAPD prepared from rabbit muscle, indicates clearly that this enzyme is not species specific.
Current Developments in Cancer Vaccines and Cellular Immunotherapy

This article reviews the immunologic basis of clinical trials that test means of tumor antigen recognition and immune activation, with the goal to provide the clinician with a mechanistic understanding of ongoing cancer vaccine and cellular immunotherapy clinical trials. Multiple novel immunotherapy strategies have reached the stage of testing in clinical trials that were accelerated by recent advances in the characterization of tumor antigens and by a more precise knowledge of the regulation of cell-mediated immune responses. The key steps in the generation of an immune response to cancer cells include loading of tumor antigens onto antigen-presenting cells in vitro or in vivo, presenting antigen in the appropriate immune stimulatory environment, activating cytotoxic lymphocytes, and blocking autoregulatory control mechanisms. This knowledge has opened the door to antigen-specific immunization for cancer using tumor-derived proteins or RNA, or synthetically generated peptide epitopes, RNA, or DNA. The cr...
Effects of degree of acetabular rotation after triple pelvic osteotomy on the position of the femoral head in relationship to the acetabulum.

Objective To assess the effect of rotating the acetabulum 20 degrees and 30 degrees on percent coverage (PC) of the femoral head by the acetabulum and Norberg angle (NA) after triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO). Study design Retrospective study. Animal population Fifty-six client-owned dogs. Methods PC and NA were measured from preoperative, immediate postoperative, first recheck, and second recheck radiographs to compare the effects of 20 degrees and 30 degrees of rotation of the acetabulum after TPO for treatment of hip dysplasia. Results Within the 20 degrees rotation group, PC and NA values were significantly greater at each subsequent evaluation time starting at the preoperative measurement except for NA between the first and second recheck times. Within the 30 degrees rotation group, PC and NA values were significantly greater at each subsequent evaluation time starting at the preoperative measurement except for PC and NA between the first and second recheck times. No significant differences between the 20 degrees and 30 degrees rotation groups were found at any corresponding times for either PC or NA. Conclusions Acetabular rotation of 20 degrees provided the same degree of improvement in acetabular femoral head coverage as 30 degrees of rotation after TPO at the immediate postoperative, first recheck, and second recheck evaluation times. Clinical relevance Based on PC and NA, 20 degrees rotation of the acetabulum provides as much benefit as 30 degrees of acetabular rotation when performing a TPO.
Oxidation of Linoleic Acid in Emulsions: Effect of Substrate, Emulsifier, and Sugar Concentration

Linoleic acid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by a nonionic surfactant (Tween-20) was studied. The emulsion composition was varied at a constant oil droplet size. Lipid oxidation was measured as a function of time in the presence of a catalyst (FeSO4 corbic acid) by two methods: gas chromatographic determination of residual substrate and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric determination of conjugated dienes. Rate of oxidation was influenced by the emulsion composition (relative concentrations of substrate and emulsifier) and especially by the partition of the emulsifier between the interface and water phase. Concentrations of emulsifier exceeding the critical micelle concentration protected the fatty acid against oxidation. Excess surfactant formed micelles and mixed micelles with linoleic acid, which retarded oxidation by diluting the substrate or perhaps by replacing linoleic acid at the interface, making it less accessible to radical attack. The addition of sucrose also had a protective effect, but only up to a certain concentration, indicating the effect may involve factors other than viscosity.
Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transition Associated With Calcification Upregulation of Cbfa1 and Downregulation of Smooth Muscle Lineage Markers

Bovine aortic smooth muscle cell (BASMC) cultures undergo mineralization on addition of the organic phosphate donor, β-glycerophosphate (βGP). Mineralization is characterized by apatite deposition ...
An architecture for real-time active content distribution

The phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web has made it the most popular Internet application today. Web caching and content distribution services have been recognized as valuable techniques to mitigate the explosion of Web traffic. An increasing fraction of Web traffic today is dynamically generated and therefore intrinsically difficult for replication using present static approaches. Scalable delivery of such active content poses a myriad of challenges, including content replication, update propagation, and consistency management. This paper makes two contributions: (1) it describes a scalable architecture for transparent demand-driven distribution of active content; (2) the system can provide real-time delay guarantee on content access. Our approach involves migrating the scripts which generate the dynamic Web traffic, and their data, from the server to active content distribution proxies nearest to the clients and mechanisms on these proxies to enforce real-time delay guarantees for client requests. Our system is implemented and deployed on PlanetLab, a real-world distributed Internet testbed. Experimental data show that significant improvements are observed in effective throughput and client response time, and delay bounds on content access can be guaranteed with a very high probability.
Acute Small-Bowel Obstruction From Intestinal Anisakiasis After the Ingestion of Raw Clams; Documenting a New Method of Marine-to-Human Parasitic Transmission

Enteric anisakiasis is a known parasitic infection. To date, human infection has been reported as resulting from the inadvertent ingestion of the anisakis larvae when eating raw/undercooked fish, squid, or eel. We present a first reported case of intestinal obstruction caused by anisakiasis, after the ingestion of raw clams.
Collision-avoidance radar for bicyclist and runners

This paper provides a summary of the analysis and design process with respect to the development and prototyping of a Bicycle Radar for a Senior Capstone Project at Wright State University in collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate. The basic radar technology adopted for this project is a commercial integrated (miniaturized) K-band FMCW Monopulse Module that is recently designed for future Intelligent Automotive Cruise Control Applications. The design documentation, preliminary test outputs, and discussions within the sections of this paper describe a number of novel features of this Bicycle Radar Design including the methodology for overlaying the K-band range-angle data onto streaming video on the iPhone. Additional discussions pertain to radar waveform generation, control, and processing. A section on potential follow-on activities as well as a discussion on technology options and applications of the resulting system concept is also provided.
Survival of an adult Quarter Horse gelding following bacterial meningitis caused by Escherichia coli

Summary Bacterial meningitis in the mature horse is a rare and typically fatal condition. This report describes a 7-year-old Quarter Horse gelding that initially presented following suspected trauma to the left eye but subsequently developed bacterial meningitis, and a nasal and palpebral abscess, all of which cultured the same isolate of Escherichia coli. The entry site of infection in bacterial meningitis is often related to a breach in the calvarium and extension of bacteria residing in the paranasal sinuses. This case is unique as there were multiple pathways through which bacteria may have entered the central nervous system including haematogenous spread from a nasal abscess, local extension of periocular infection or an undetected skull fracture. Aside from persistent blindness in the left eye, the horse made a full recovery.
Identifying skilled management and evaluation needs of home health care patients

This article describes the development of an assessment inventory to identify home care clients needing skilled management and evaluation services. Evidence supporting the inventory's content, criterion-related and predictive validity is presented. The inventory accurately predicted those patients readmitted within 60 days of discharge. Home health care nurses found the inventory easy to use without being time consuming. Use of the inventory by home health care nurses will permit care agencies to more easily document the need to continue care and reduce recidivism and cost while increasing care quality.
Cutting Edge: MicroRNA-181 Promotes Human NK Cell Development by Regulating Notch Signaling

MicroRNAs (miRs) have recently been identified as important regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Although it has clearly been established that miRs influence the ontogeny of several immune cell lineages, the role of individual miRs during NK cell development has not been described. In this study, we show that miR-181 expression levels have a profound impact on the development of human NK cells from CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells and IFN-γ production in primary CD56(+) NK cells. We also demonstrate that nemo-like kinase (NLK), an inhibitor of Notch signaling, is a target of miR-181 in NK cells, and knockdown of NLK mirrors the developmental effect of miR-181 overexpression. We conclude that miR-181 promotes NK cell development, at least in part, through the suppression of NLK, providing an important link between miRs and Notch signaling.
Bayes-like Classifier with Fuzzy Likelihood

In this short paper we build a very simple classifier based on the concepts similar to Bayesian classifier using fuzzy theory. In our design we completely eliminate the concept of prior information about the class, and we just focus on the likelihood function (obtained from training data) and that is modeled as fuzzy sets. In the process of classification we have used the possibility-probability transformation. In this experimental study we show the efficacy of possibilitic description of knowledge for reasonable classification. The preliminary results obtained, in this study, by using fuzzy likelihood is as good as the Bayesian classifier.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis

Abstract One hundred patients with CF were screened for ABPA. Forty-eight male patients and 52 female patients with an age range of 2 to 34 yr (mean 14.2) were studied. Patients were evaluated for skin reactivity and serum precipitating antibodies to Af, predominant sputum organisms, total blood eosinophil levels, total serum IgE, and Af-specific IgE and IgG, as well as abnormalities of pulmonary function and chest x-ray films. Careful evaluation of all patients with CF demonstrated that 10% had features indicative of ABPA, which is another potentially destructive pulmonary disorder. Thus careful evaluation of patients with CF, especially those with asthma, may be rewarding in uncovering a disorder that may slow progression of CF when it is appropriately treated.
Poverty, Children, and Public Policies The Need for Diversity in Programs and Research

The articles in the special issue on Families, Poverty, and Public Policies focus on poor families with children and develop a central theme: that current policies are not sufficiently responsive to the emerging reality of large numbers of children living in poverty. This article first provides a context for considering the results reported in these articles by noting recent public policy, demographic, and socioeconomic trends that will influence these families in the future. Second, the articles are briefly reviewed and compared with an emphasis on demonstrating the need for diversity in programs to respond to the diverse needs of these families. Third, a research agenda related to the articles is discussed. The conclusion of the article addresses the role of research in the policy process.
Virtual Leadership: An Important Leadership Context

Inherent in the focal article of Lord and Dinh (2014) is the idea that for leadership context matters. Who is seen as a leader, how effective a leader is perceived to be, and how effective a leader actually is are all questions whose answers vary by the context in which leadership is taking place. One context that has become particularly vital is that of the virtual team, a team that has members who potentially span different organizations, time zones, geographic locations, and cultures with technology enabling communication and coordination between members (Huang, Kahai, & Jestice, 2010). Virtuality is a related concept, which is the degree to which a team exhibits those characteristics (Gibson & Gibbs, 2006). A study by MCIWorldcom (2001) found that for companies with 500 or more employees, 61% of employees reporting having been on a virtual team now or at some time in the past. A study in 2008, meanwhile, projected an 80% usage of virtual teams by companies with over 10,000 employees (i4cp, 2008). Virtual teams are a major part of how work is done in the world.
Model and experimental validation of a controllable membrane-type humidifier for fuel cell applications

For temperature and humidity control of fuel cell reactants, a gas humidification apparatus was designed and constructed. We then developed a low-order, control-oriented model of the humidification system thermal dynamics based on first principles. A simple and reproducible methodology is then employed for parameterizing the humidification system model using experimental data. Finally, the system model is experimentally validated under a wide range of operating conditions. It is shown that a physics based estimation of the air- vapor mixture relative humidity leaving the humidifier system (supplied to the fuel cell) is possible using temperature and pressure measurements. This estimation eliminates the need for a bulky and expensive humidity sensor and enables the future application of temperature feedback control for thermal and humidity management of the fuel cell reactants.
Green's function for generalized Hilbert problem for cracks and free surfaces in composite materials

Green’s function for a generalized vector Hilbert problem is calculated which can be used to solve the Hilbert problem with any integrable inhomogeneity. The Green’s function is obtained by using a complex transform defined by eigenfunctions of the homogeneous Hilbert problem. This method should be particularly convenient for the stress analysis of anisotropic composite materials containing cracks and free surfaces. The method is illustrated by applying it to calculate the stress field in an anisotropic bimaterial composite containing an interfacial crack. It is found that, in agreement with the earlier published work on isotropic composites, the stress field is oscillatory but, except very near the crack tip, the oscillations are negligible. Numerical results are presented for a stress field in a uniformly loaded (shear and compressive) Cu/Ni layered composite containing an interfacial crack as well as cracked homogeneous copper.
Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity: An Environment Scale Evaluation

Objectives This study evaluated a neighborhood environment survey and compared the physical activity and weight status of the residents in 2 neighborhoods. Methods On 2 occasions, 107 adults from neighborhoods with differing "walkability" were selected to complete a survey on their neighborhood environment. Physical activity was assessed by self-report and by accelerometer; height and weight were assessed by self-report. Results Neighborhood environment characteristics had moderate to high test-retest reliabilities. Residents of high-walkability neighborhoods reported higher residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, aesthetics, and safety. They had more than 70 more minutes of physical activity and had lower obesity prevalence (adjusted for individual demographics) than did residents of low-walkability neighborhoods. Conclusions The reliability and validity of self-reported neighborhood environment subscales were supported. Neighborhood environment was associated with physical activity and overweight prevalence.
Enduring vulnerabilities, relationship attributions, and couple conflict: An integrative model of the occurrence and frequency of intimate partner violence.

We tested an integrative model of individual and dyadic variables contributing to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Based on the vulnerability-stress-adaptation (VSA) model, we hypothesized that three "enduring vulnerabilities" (i.e., antisocial behavior, hostility, and depressive symptoms) would be associated with a "maladaptive process" (i.e., negative relationship attributions) that would lead to difficulties in couple conflict resolution, thus leading to IPV. Among a community sample of 167 heterosexual couples who were expecting their first child, we used an actor-partner interdependence model to account for the dyadic nature of conflict and IPV, as well as a hurdle count model to improve upon prior methods for modeling IPV data. Study results provided general support for the integrative model, demonstrating the importance of considering couple conflict in the prediction of IPV and showing the relative importance of multiple predictor variables. Gender symmetry was observed for the prediction of IPV occurrence, with gender differences emerging in the prediction of IPV frequency. Relatively speaking, the prediction of IPV frequency appeared to be a function of enduring vulnerabilities among men, but a function of couple conflict among women. Results also revealed important cross-gender effects in the prediction of IPV, reflecting the inherently dyadic nature of IPV, particularly in the case of "common couple violence." Future research using longitudinal designs is necessary to verify the conclusions suggested by the current results.
Calibration of parallel machine tools using fuzzy interpolation method

A calibration method is proposed to simplify the calibration process for parallel machine tools. Either inverse or forward kinematic models need to be used in the traditional calibration methods to perform the identification and compensation of the pose errors for parallel machine tools. Instead of using any model, the proposed method presents a modeless technique combined with the fuzzy interpolation method to obtain the same or higher calibration accuracy when a small workspace is adopted.
Physical layer link modelling for a dynamic network simulation system

Physical layer link modelling for simulation in a hostile satellite and ground-based communication network management system environment is discussed. Radio frequency models, optical models, and their limitations are discussed. The models will enable users to obtain accurate simulation data without excessive run time. >
Adolescents' Perceptions of Sexual Assault

AbstractInterviews designed to determine perceptions of and attitudes toward sexual assault were conducted with 973 randomly selected young women and men in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, metropolitan area. Respondents thought a rapist more likely to be mentally ill, sexually motivated, and a stranger than rape statistics indicate. Young women thought that if they were raped, they would experience fear and concerns about pregnancy; they were relatively unaware of other psychological consequences of rape. They also thought that if they were raped, they would receive more positive (sympathetic) reactions from friends than from parents, and more positive reactions to a street assault by a stranger than to an assault by an acquaintance at a party.
Strong “position-squared” readout of a micromechanical oscillator by an optical cavity

We describe an optical cavity which realizes a sensitive “position-squared” read-out for micromechanical oscillators. This read-out uses the cavity’s higher-order transverse modes. We will present detailed measurements and theoretical analysis of this device.