cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time communication over unreliable wireless links: a theory and its applications

Wireless networks are increasingly used to serve real-time flows. We provide an overview of an emerging theory on real-time wireless communications and some of its main results. This theory is based on a model that jointly considers the delay bounds and throughput requirements of clients, as well as the unreliable and heterogeneous nature of wireless links. This model can be further extended in several aspects. It provides solutions to three important problems, namely, admission control, packet scheduling, and utility maximization. The theory can also be extended to consider broadcast of real-time flows, and to incorporate network coding.
Production of β-defensins by human airway epithelia

Human β-defensins (HBDs) are antimicrobial peptides that may play a role in mucosal defense. Diminished activity of these peptides has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We show that HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs are expressed in excised surface and submucosal gland epithelia from non-CF and CF patients. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β stimulated the expression of HBD-2 but not HBD-1 mRNA and peptide in primary cultures of airway epithelia. HBD-1 was found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from normal volunteers, CF patients, and patients with inflammatory lung diseases, whereas HBD-2 was detected in BAL fluid from patients with CF or inflammatory lung diseases, but not in normal volunteers. Both HBD-1 and HBD-2 were found in BAL fluid in concentrations of several ng/ml, and both recombinant peptides showed salt-sensitive bactericidal activity. These data suggest that in the lung HBD-2 expression is induced by inflammation, whereas HBD-1 may serve as a defense in the absence of inflammation.
Collusion and Facilitating Practices: A New Perspective in Antitrust Analysis

A systematic revision of the notion of facilitating practices is put forward in this paper, with the purpose of relaxing the long-debated tension between economic and legal perspectives on oligopoly. Whereas the law knows of just one collusive illegal conduct, namely agreements, in economic theory the focus on internal enforcement makes the distinction between agreements and other behaviour resulting in the collusive outcome irrelevant. However, the tension may be relaxed, at least in a number of relevant circumstances, provided the focus of competition law shifts from straightforward co-ordination on market strategies to the firms' concerted efforts in the design and implementation of given organisational arrangements of the oligopolistic industry, to which an anticompetitive object can be attached. The theoretical analysis is extensively supported by examples drawn from some recent decisions of the European Commission and the Italian Competition Authority.
Instantaneous characterization of time varying nonlinear systems (neurophysiological responses)

A nonlinear system may be characterized by an orthogonal functional power series (FPS) computed from cross correlations between input and output variables. 'Is the response changing over the course of the experiment?' is a fundamental question encountered in the analysis of both FPS and evoked potentials (EPs). Regression on closed-form functions of time produces a time-varying FPS or EP. Evaluation of these functions at a specified time point produces a system characterization for that instant. >
Response interference under near-concurrent presentation of safety and non-safety information

The growing advent of Connected Vehicle Systems (CVS) is changing the information environment within the vehicle cab. As vehicles add the capability to receive data from the road infrastructure or share data with other vehicles, there is an expanding amount of safety and non-safety information from these systems with which the driver must contend. The information processing demands for the driver may become more complex, especially under conditions that present multiple information signals to the driver at the same time. To manage this complexity, the design of CVS will need to incorporate information management functions to prioritize information so as to be compatible with the processing capacity of the driver. The objective of this research was to examine the potential interference effect of non-safety critical information on driver responses to near concurrent, critical safety warnings. The study design was based on theory and evidence that there is a “bottle neck” in a human’s central processing of information, such that the processing of early signals (S1) in the environment may delay the response to a later signal (S2) until such time as the response to the first stimulus has been initiated. The results of the study suggest that there is the possibility that near concurrent presentation of safety and non-safety critical information may generate interference effects, but the combination of signal parameters (modality, timing) that are most likely to create this interference may be infrequent in most real world conditions. Future research should focus on the specific parameters that increase the probability of such interference. Such research would then provide a better estimate of the potential frequency of this interference and also guide the formulation of design guidelines to minimize this potential.
Electronic flash illumination of a large Wilson cloud chamber

Electronic flash tubes may be used to illuminate cloud chambers in order to freeze particles in motion and obtain sharp, clear photographs without blurring the image. Introductory theory of flash tubes is given, and the illumination of a 120 × 150 × 60 cm cloud by four 132-cm (54-in.) flash tubes is described. A total energy of 58,800 W-sec is used.
On the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff of the Gaussian MIMO brcadcast Channel

The optimal set of multiplexing gain tuples for the users in a broadcast network with K receivers having Nr antennas each and Nt antennas at the base station, given a minimum diversity gain constraint of d for each user, is investigated. An outer bound on this region is computed by analyzing the outage probability, where outage is defined as the event that the given rate tuple lies outside the capacity region of the broadcast channel. For the special but important case of single antenna receivers with K = Nt, the lattice reduction based precoding recently proposed in [1] is shown to achieve the outage outer bound.
A theory of isothermal melt spinning and draw resonance

The mechanics of isothermal melt spinning are studied for a viscoelastic liquid with a power law viscosity and a constant shear modulus. Steady state velocities and stresses are in agreement with experiment. The onset of the draw resonance instability, the magnitude of diameter fluctuations in the unstable region, and a second stable region at high draw ratio are predicted accurately.
Epoxidation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene via a hydroperoxide-dependent mechanism catalyzed by lipoxygenases

The lipoxygenase catalyzed epoxidation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-7,8-diol) was examined. Epoxidation of the BP-7,8-diol was catalyzed by 5- and 15-lipoxygenase in the presence of either arachidonic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, or 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE). The anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene isomer was formed in greater quantities than the syn isomer, indicative of peroxyl radical mediated epoxidation. Epoxidation was dependent on time, enzyme and fatty acid concentration. There was no difference in the time course of epoxidation with either arachidonic acid or 15-HPETE, although the initial rate of oxygen consumption was approximately 55-fold greater with arachidonic acid. The lipoxygenase inhibitor and anti-oxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibited epoxidation in a dose-dependent manner in incubations initiated with either arachidonic acid or 15-HPETE. The anti-oxidant butylated hydroxyanisole also inhibited the epoxidation. Incubations conducted under anaerobic conditions with 15-lipoxygenase and either arachidonic acid or 15-HPETE significantly decreased epoxidation. This suggests that the oxygen inserted into BP-7,8-diol is derived from the atmosphere. The epoxidizing peroxyl radicals could not be detected but their precursors, carbon-centered radicals, were detected by using the ESR spin trapping technique in incubations of 15-lipoxygenase with 15-HPETE. This radical, formed by reduction and rearrangement of the hydroperoxide, may trap oxygen to form a peroxyl radical. We propose that the epoxidizing species is a peroxyl radical derived from 15-HPETE rather than from arachidonic acid. This proposal is based on the similar amounts of epoxidation, but dissimilar amount of oxygen consumed with both fatty acids. Since lipoxygenases are widely distributed in vivo, especially in areas where tumors arise such as the pulmonary epithelium, peroxyl radical formation by these enzymes may have an important role in chemical carcinogenesis.
Relaxation Theory of a Creep of Metal

Model for explaining secondary creep at high temperatures and applying rate-process theory to this model; equation for secondary creep rates is derived and applied to creep of aluminum, aluminum base alloys, and nickel with good results.
Inequality in Black and White High School Students’ Perceptions of School Support: An Examination of Race in Context

Supportive relationships with adults at school are critical to student engagement in adolescence. Additional research is needed to understand how students' racial backgrounds interact with the school context to shape their perceptions of school support. This study employed multilevel, latent variable methods with a sample of Black and White students (N = 19,726, 35.8 % Black, 49.9 % male, mean age = 15.9) in 58 high schools to explore variation in perceived caring, equity, and high expectations by student race, school diversity, and socioeconomic context. The results indicated that Black students perceived less caring and equity relative to White students overall, and that equity and high expectations were lower in diverse schools for both Black and White students. Nonetheless, racial disparities were attenuated in more diverse schools. The findings point to the need for intervention to improve perceptions of school support for Black youth and for all students in lower income and more diverse schools.
Increased Expression of Phosphorylated Polo-Like Kinase 1 and Histone in Bypass Vein Graft and Coronary Arteries following Angioplasty

Interventional procedures, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) to re-vascularize occluded coronary arteries, injure the vascular wall and cause endothelial denudation and medial vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) metaplasia. Proliferation of the phenotypically altered SMCs is the key event in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia (IH). Several kinases and phosphatases regulate cell cycle in SMC proliferation. It is our hypothesis that increased expression and activity of polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) in SMCs, following PTCA and CABG, contributes to greater SMC proliferation in the injured than uninjured blood vessels. Using immunofluorescence (IF), we assessed the expression of PLK1 and phosphorylated-PLK1 (pPLK1) in post-PTCA coronary arteries, and superficial epigastric vein grafts (SEV) and compared it with those in the corresponding uninjured vessels. We also compared the expressions of mitotic marker phospho-histone, synthetic-SMC marker, contractile SMC marker, IFN-γ and phosphorylated STAT-3 in the post-PTCA arteries, SEV-grafts, and the uninjured vessels. Immunostaining demonstrated an increase in the number of cells expressing PLK1 and pPLK1 in the neointima of post PTCA-coronary arteries and SEV-grafts compared to their uninjured counterparts. VSMCs in the neointima showed an increased expression of phospho-histone, synthetic and contractile SMC markers, IFN-γ and phosphorylated STAT-3. However, VSMCs of uninjured coronaries and SEV had no significant expression of the aforementioned proteins. These data suggest that PLK1 might play a critical role in VSMC mitosis in hyperplastic intima of the injured vessels. Thus, novel therapies to inhibit PLK1 could be developed to inhibit the mitogenesis of VSMCs and control neointimal hyperplasia.
Focusing Research by Developing Performance Related Selection Criteria for PEMFC Contaminants

A multitude of contaminants are present in atmospheric air. A large proportion of these contaminants have unknown effects on fuel cell performance. An assessment of the overall performance impact of all suspected contaminants is a costly and time consuming task. Thus, a method is required to select the most relevant contaminants. A two tier down selection approach is presented. Six qualitative criteria were used to create a shorter list of 19 contaminants (first tier). Two quantitative criteria were developed based on the cell performance response to further down select contaminants for detailed studies (second tier). First tier contaminants were injected into fuel cells. Performance data were used to provide a preliminary evaluation of the second tier down selection criteria.
An academic tribute to Louis Gerald Keith, MD, PhD, ScD (Hon), FACOG, FRCOG, FACS, FICS, FRSM, FRSH, 1935-2014: a multidisciplinary mentor to many.

The world of twin research and the medical specialty of Obstetrics and Gynecology have lost a giant. Dr Louis G. Keith passed away on July 6, 2014 at the age of 79. Always full of optimism and energy, and considered indefatigable by friends and family, Dr Louis Keith returned from one of his many world lecture tours in June of this year and after two days of feeling tired received a surprise diagnosis of an occult Stage 4 kidney cancer. He died comfortably at home 2 weeks later surrounded by family and friends. His practical and elegant charm was intact to the end, as he counseled those close to him not to be sad, saying, ‘We should all celebrate that I have been fortunate to have the most amazing life imaginable.’
Prevention, Early Detection, and Diagnosis of Oral Cancer

Oral cancer persistently accounts for approximately 3 to 4 per cent of all newly diagnosed cancers each year in the United States, and absolute numbers increase yearly. Morbidity and mortality can be minimized by a combination of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis can be aided by application of vital staining with toluidine blue or use of exfoliative cytology combined with adequate tissue biopsy. Prevention--minimizing or avoiding the use of tobacco and alcohol--can play a significant role in oral cancer control, as can proper management of precancerous lesions.
The synthesis of [(PbSe)1+δ]m(TiSe2)n[(SnSe2)1+γ]m(TiSe2)n heterostructures with designed nanoarchitectures by self assembly of amorphous precursors

Targeted heterostructures containing intergrown two dimensional (2D) layers of 3 different constituent layers, SnSe2, PbSe and TiSe2, were prepared by controlling the composition and sequence of elemental bilayers within a designed precursor. Varying the structure of the precursor enabled the number of structural units of each constituent and the sequence of crystalline 2D layers to be precisely controlled. The stacking of the 2D layers, their structures, and the segregation of the elements between them were determined using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques, with the observed sequence of the 2D layers consistent with the targeted intergrowth. This ability to prepare targeted heterostructures is critical, since the number of possible configurations in the final compound increases rapidly as the number of constituents increases, from almost 60 000 with two constituents to over 130 million with three constituents and to over 35 billion with four constituents for 20 or fewer distinct layers in the unit cell. This general route for synthesizing specific multiple component heterostructures will accelerate the feedback loop in this growing research area, permitting theorists to assume specific structures in the search for enhanced properties and providing experimentalists with crystallographically aligned samples to test these predictions.
Using symbolic canceling to improve diagnosis from compacted response

This paper addresses the problem of performing diagnosis using production test results in a test compression environment. For linear response compactors, such as multiple-input shift register (MISRs), diagnosis must be performed from signatures. The key idea in this work is to use symbolic canceling in MISR signatures to extract information from both the MISR signature bits with errors as well as those that are error-free to provide more precise diagnostic information. A fundamentally new technique for precisely identifying error locations for propagation cones reaching fewer scan cells than the size of the MISR is described. The proposed approach does not require any additional hardware or extra data to be collected. It uses off-line software-based processing (symbolic simulation combined with Gaussian elimination) to extract information from signatures to deduce error locations even when there are a large number of errors. Unlike existing techniques for diagnosis from signatures, the proposed diagnosis approach can be used even when there are unknown (X) values in the output response. Experimental results demonstrate the reductions in suspect set size that can be obtained with the proposed techniques.
H-2 antigen variants in a cultured heterozygous mouse leukemia cell line. VII. Effect of selection with a hybridoma antibody.

An (H-2k/H-2d)F1 sarcoma cell line was subjected to immunoselection using ascites fluid from a mouse growing a hybridoma secreting an anti H-2Kk antibody.One hundred random clones were picked from the surviving population and screened by direct cytolysis using the hybridoma antibody or alloantisera against H-2Kk and H-2Dk. Fifty-nine clones were resistant to all three antisera, indicating that they no longer expressed the entire H-2k haplotype. Thirty-two were resistant to the ascites and to the anti H-2Kk alloantiserum, but sensitive to the anti H-2Dk serum, indicating that they had lost H-2Kk antigen, but retained H-2Dk. Nine clones were sensitive to the alloantisera, but resistant to the hybridoma, indicating that, though they retained the product(s) recognized by the alloantiserum against H-2Kk, they had lost the site(s) that bound the hybridoma antibody. Quantitative absorption assays using lymph-node cells from young BALB.K (H-2Kk) mice as targets show that one representative clone from the last group absorbs the anti H-2Kk activity in the alloantiserum. This implies that the sensitivity of the variant clone to the alloantiserum is not due to contaminating anti C-type virus antibodies in the serum. The possible implications of these data are discussed.
Lack of Association Between the Use of Nerve Blockade and the Risk of Postoperative Chronic Opioid Use Among Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: Evidence From the Marketscan Database.

BACKGROUND:Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with high rates of prolonged opioid use after surgery (10%–34%). By decreasing opioid use in the immediate postoperative period, perioperative nerve blockade has been hypothesized to decrease the risk of persistent opioid use.METHODS:Using healt
Conformational Changes of CFTR upon Phosphorylation and ATP Binding

Summary The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel evolved from an ATP-binding cassette transporter. CFTR channel gating is strictly coupled to phosphorylation and ATP hydrolysis. Previously, we reported essentially identical structures of zebrafish and human CFTR in the dephosphorylated, ATP-free form. Here, we present the structure of zebrafish CFTR in the phosphorylated, ATP-bound conformation, determined by cryoelectron microscopy to 3.4 A resolution. Comparison of the two conformations shows major structural rearrangements leading to channel opening. The phosphorylated regulatory domain is disengaged from its inhibitory position; the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) form a "head-to-tail" dimer upon binding ATP; and the cytoplasmic pathway, found closed off in other ATP-binding cassette transporters, is cracked open, consistent with CFTR's unique channel function. Unexpectedly, the extracellular mouth of the ion pore remains closed, indicating that local movements of the transmembrane helices can control ion access to the pore even in the NBD-dimerized conformation.
Prospective Associations of Coping Styles With Depression and Suicide Risk Among Psychiatric Emergency Patients

Suicide is the second leading cause of death for those ages 13-25 in the United States. Coping is a mediator between stressful life events and adverse outcomes, and coping skills have been incorporated into interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, safety-planning interventions) for suicidal populations. However, longitudinal research has not directly examined the prospective associations between multiple coping styles and suicide-related outcomes in high-risk samples. This study identified cross-sectional and 4-month longitudinal associations of coping styles with suicide risk factors (i.e., depression, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior) in a sample of 286 adolescent and young adult psychiatric emergency patients. Positive reframing was the coping style most consistently associated with positive outcomes, whereas self-blame and disengagement were consistently associated with negative outcomes. Active coping protected against suicidal behavior for males, but not for females. This was the first study to examine longitudinal relationships between coping and suicide-related outcomes in a high-risk clinical sample. Findings suggest that clinical interventions with suicidal adolescents and young adults may benefit from a specific focus on increasing positive reframing and reducing self-blame.
Blunt traumatic axillary artery truncation, in the absence of associated fracture.

Abstract Background Axillary artery injuries can be associated with both proximal humeral fractures (Naouli et al., 2016; Ng et al., 2016) [1,2] as well as shoulder dislocations (Leclerc et al., 2017; Karnes et al., 2016) [3,4]. We report a rare case of an isolated axillary artery truncation following blunt trauma without any associated fracture or dislocation. Case report A 58-year-old male presented to the emergency department for evaluation after falling on his outstretched right arm. The patient was found to have an absent right radial pulse with decreased sensation to the right arm. Point of care ultrasound showed findings suspicious for traumatic axillary artery injury, and X-rays did not demonstrate any fracture. Computed tomography with angiography confirmed axillary artery truncation with active extravasation. The patient underwent successful vascular repair with an axillary artery bypass. Although extremity injuries are common in emergency departments, emergency physicians need to recognize the risk for vascular injuries, even without associated fracture or dislocation.
An Introduction to Quantum Algorithms: A Physicist’s Perspective

A number of examples of quantum algorithms are presented. We begin with a discussion of an algorithm that produces the eigenstates of an unknown Controlled-U gate (the eigenvalues are known, but the eigenstates are not) with one use of the gate. We then move on to present the Deutsch-Jozsa, Bernstein-Vazirani, and Grover algorithms. We conclude with a discussion of quantum walks.
Insensitivity of active nematic liquid crystal dynamics to topological constraints

Confining a liquid crystal imposes topological constraints on the orientational order, allowing global control of equilibrium systems by manipulation of anchoring boundary conditions. In this article, we investigate whether a similar strategy allows control of active liquid crystals. We study a hydrodynamic model of an extensile active nematic confined in containers, with different anchoring conditions that impose different net topological charges on the nematic director. We show that the dynamics are controlled by a complex interplay between topological defects in the director and their induced vortical flows. We find three distinct states by varying confinement and the strength of the active stress: A topologically minimal state, a circulating defect state, and a turbulent state. In contrast to equilibrium systems, we find that anchoring conditions are screened by the active flow, preserving system behavior across different topological constraints. This observation identifies a fundamental difference between active and equilibrium materials.
MRI screening of the internal auditory canal: Is gadolinium necessary to detect intralabyrinthine schwannomas?

Abstract Objective Non-contrast MRI of the internal auditory canal (IAC) using high-resolution T2WI (T2 weighted image) has been proposed as the primary screening study in patients with sudden or asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL). However, there are concerns that non-contrast MRI may not detect labyrinthine pathology, specifically intralabyrinthine schwannomas (ILSs). The purpose of this study was to determine if non-contrast high-resolution T2WI alone are adequate to exclude these uncommon intralabyrinthine tumors. Methods 31 patients with ILSs and 36 patients without inner ear pathology that had dedicated MRI of the IAC performed with both non-contrast T2WI and post-contrast T1WI (T1 weighted image) were identified. Three board-certified neuroradiologists reviewed only the T2WI from these 67 cases. When an ILS was identified, its location and size were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated using the post-contrast T1WI as the “gold standard.” A consensus review of cases with discordant results was conducted. Results The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0 for Observer 1; 0.84, 1.0, and 0.96 for Observer 2; 0.90, 1.0, and 0.98 for Observer 3. The 5 ILSs with discordant results were correctly identified upon consensus review. The median size of the ILSs was 4.4 mm (± 2.9 mm) and most (18/31) were intracochlear in location. Conclusion Non-contrast high-resolution T2WI alone can detect ILSs with 84–100% sensitivity, suggesting that gadolinium may be unnecessary to exclude ILSs on screening MRI. These findings have implications for reducing cost, time, and adverse events associated with gadolinium administration in patients presenting with sudden or ASNHL. Level of evidence 4
Anecdotal History of The Twenty-Fifth Anniversary Celebration of the Acoustical Society of America

Since we are committed to a decimal system of numeration while at the same time holding the scale-of-two in high regard, and since our unit for the measurement of long times is the period of the earth round its orbit, therefore the Council of the Acoustical Society of America has declared this particular moment, a quarter century since our founding, as a time for high celebration of the success of the Acoustical Society in advancing our science and as a moment for assessing past progress and orienting future effort.
Obesity and Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States. It is a highly fatal disease with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 6%. Obesity, in addition to cigarette smoking and diabetes, is one of the few modifiable risk factors that have been associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Obesity has also been associated with an early onset and reduced survival of pancreatic cancer. Insulin resistance and inflammation are two most anticipated biological mechanisms that link obesity and pancreatic cancer. Because of the high prevalence of overweight or obesity in the U.S. population, a better understanding of the complex association between obesity and pancreatic cancer may provide opportunities for the development of novel strategies in prevention and treatment of this deadly disease. The current epidemiological evidence and potential biological mechanisms involved in the obesity-pancreatic cancer association are reviewed.
The Story of Davis: Transfers of Property Incident to Divorce

This paper presents the story of United States v. Davis, 370 U.S. 162 (1962), which provided needed clarification of the tax consequences of transfers of property incident to a divorce. But the Court's solution - penalizing the transferor spouse by taxing any appreciation in the transferred property and rewarding the transferee spouse with a fair market value basis in the property - was short lived. Congress soon responded by enacting section 1041 to equalize the tax treatment of divorcing couples throughout the fifty states and to empower the Service to effectively police compliance. Drawing upon the parties' briefs and oral arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court, judicial opinions in other cases, and scholarly commentary, it describes what was really involved in the case, the government's and taxpayer's litigation strategies, and the case's impact on the development of the tax law. Indeed, the impact of Davis continues to be felt in the tax law in the many contexts not covered by section 1041. The paper will be published as a chapter in a book to be entitled Tax Stories: An In-Depth Look at Ten Leading Federal Income Tax Cases (Foundation Press, forthcoming 2002). Additional financial support for the project has been provided by the American Tax Policy Institute.
Perceived barriers to faculty participation in distance education at a 4-year university

The purpose of this study was to identify perceived barriers to faculty participation in distance education courses in a 4-year university. The literature review was divided into four general areas, each of which may act as a barrier to faculty participation; training, administrators, rewards/compensation, and faculty characteristics/demographics. The research population consisted of 570 faculty and 59 administrators from the eight UNT schools/colleges. Dr. Kristin Betts developed the survey instrument in 1998 for similar research conducted at the George Washington University. Analysis of the collected data revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship found between faculty characteristics and faculty participation in distance education. Faculty participants and administrators disagreed on which factors, from a list of 34 items, had motivated faculty to participate in distance education. Nonparticipants and administrators disagreed on which of the factors, if not available, would be barriers to faculty participation in distance education. Participants and nonparticipants disagreed regarding the level to which selected rewards and compensations had motivated faculty to participate, and the lack of which would inhibit faculty participation in distance education. Finally, 71% of the participants had participated or planned to participate in distance education training compared to only 33% of the nonparticipants. It is obvious that administrators and faculty do not place the same level of importance on motivational or inhibiting factors that may affect faculty participation in distance education. These results indicate that additional research should be accomplished to determine the basis for the disagreement among the three groups.
What causes a Business and Management Education article to be cited: Article, author, or journal?

Abstract Discipline-specific research has a rich history in assessing journal article impact and factors that affect article citation patterns. In contrast, Business and Management Education (BME) research lacks such a history due to its relative youth as an independent discipline, its still fragmented literature, and significant variations in the types of articles it publishes. If BME scholarship is to advance as a unified and impactful domain, its scholars need to uncover factors that affect citations of its articles, as has been done in traditional business disciplines. This paper offers guidance to BME authors about factors that can potentially affect the citations of their research. It also offers advice to BME editors on ways to improve the stature of their journals. Inspired by Judge, Cable, Colbert, & Rynes' (2007) work on citation predictors in management research, we developed a model to predict citations of BME articles. Our findings showed that an author's h-index, a journal's recent h-index, and the number of references in an article are significant predictors of BME article citations. Article type, such as literature reviews and conceptual pieces did not predict BME article citation, in part because so few of them have been done for this field.
Looking Beyond the Physician Educator: the Evolving Roles of Instructional Designers in Medical Education.

To explore how instructional designers (IDs) view their work and give insight to organizations intending to hire for this role. In 2018, a 28-question survey was utilized to examine the role of instructional designers in medical education and their contributions as educational professionals. The survey was sent to members of the DR-ED listserv, the Instructional Designer listserv through AAMC, relevant EDUCAUSE listservs, and via Twitter in April 2018. Quantitative and qualitative results were analyzed. The target population was determined as those who self-identify as working in instructional design in medical education, understanding that titles of IDs may vary widely in academic medicine. Participants in this study (72) were self-identified as 45 (63%) females and 23 (32%) males. Among the degrees held by participants, 33 (46%) hold a terminal degree, 37 (51%) a master’s degree, and 2 (3%) a bachelor’s degree. Seven (9%) of institutions employ one ID and 27 (36%) employ two to five IDs, and 19 (25%) of the participants did not know how many instructional designers were employed by their organization. Participants reported that 22 (40%) specialize in more than one type of work such as database development, classroom technology, faculty development, and assessment/evaluation. There is a wide variety of work environments for IDs in academic medicine; these range from large academic research institutions to consultant companies. A significant portion of IDs advise faculty on pedagogy and teaching best practices and develop professional development training. Job titles for IDs are also varied, representative of a wide range of influence within academic medicine organizations. ID expertise that was considered most commonly needed in academic medicine includes familiarity with learning management systems, multimedia literacy, and pedagogy.
On the long time behavior of time relaxation model of fluids

Abstract The rate of energy dissipation of the time relaxation model in body-force-driven turbulence is analyzed to evaluate the effect of a time relaxation term on a simulation of 3 d fluid motion. The result, which agrees with Kolmogorov’s conventional turbulence theory, is also consistent with the rate proven for the Navier–Stokes equations. The analysis provides a range of possible values for a key model parameter.
High-Lift Simulations of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Standard Model

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency standard model high-lift configuration was analyzed computationally using both the OVERFLOW and LAVA codes for the third AIAA High-Lift Prediction Workshop. S...
Transcatheter aortic valve replacements alter circulating serum factors to mediate myofibroblast deactivation

The transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment for patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS). However, alterations in serum factor composition and biological activity after TAVR remain unknown. Here, we quantified the systemic inflammatory effects of the TAVR procedure and hypothesized that alterations in serum factor composition would modulate valve and cardiac fibrosis. Serum samples were obtained from patients with AVS immediately before their TAVR procedure (pre-TAVR) and about 1 month afterward (post-TAVR). Aptamer-based proteomic profiling revealed alterations in post-TAVR serum composition, and ontological analysis identified inflammatory macrophage factors implicated in myofibroblast activation and deactivation. Hydrogel biomaterials used as valve matrix mimics demonstrated that post-TAVR serum reduced myofibroblast activation of valvular interstitial cells relative to pre-TAVR serum from the same patient. Transcriptomics and curated network analysis revealed a shift in myofibroblast phenotype from pre-TAVR to post-TAVR and identified p38 MAPK signaling as one pathway involved in pre-TAVR–mediated myofibroblast activation. Post-TAVR serum deactivated valve and cardiac myofibroblasts initially exposed to pre-TAVR serum to a quiescent fibroblast phenotype. Our in vitro deactivation data correlated with patient disease severity measured via echocardiography and multimorbidity scores, and correlations were dependent on hydrogel stiffness. Sex differences in cellular responses to male and female sera were also observed and may corroborate clinical observations regarding sex-specific TAVR outcomes. Together, alterations in serum composition after TAVR may lead to an antifibrotic fibroblast phenotype, which suggests earlier interventions may be beneficial for patients with advanced AVS to prevent further disease progression.
Elephants, emotions and compassion in southern African literature

In Death and Compassion: The Elephant in Southern African Literature, Dan Wylie traces the relationship between literary representation of southern African elephants and that of emotions, culminati...
Marginal analysis of multiple outcomes with informative cluster size

In surveillance studies of periodontal disease, the relationship between disease and other health and socioeconomic conditions is of key interest. To determine whether a patient has periodontal disease, multiple clinical measurements (eg, clinical attachment loss, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility) are taken at the tooth-level. Researchers often create a composite outcome from these measurements or analyze each outcome separately. Moreover, patients have varying number of teeth, with those who are more prone to the disease having fewer teeth compared to those with good oral health. Such dependence between the outcome of interest and cluster size (number of teeth) is called informative cluster size and results obtained from fitting conventional marginal models can be biased. We propose a novel method to jointly analyze multiple correlated binary outcomes for clustered data with informative cluster size using the class of generalized estimating equations (GEE) with cluster-specific weights. We compare our proposed multivariate outcome cluster-weighted GEE results to those from the convectional GEE using the baseline data from Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study. In an extensive simulation study, we show that our proposed method yields estimates with minimal relative biases and excellent coverage probabilities.
Preparing for One-on-One Qualitative Interviews: Designing and Conducting the Interview

This new 4-page document provides instructions on designing the question guide and conducting one-on-one interviews for qualitative data collection. It covers common types of interviews and their uses as well as strategies to use when asking the questions of the interviewee. This document is designed to accompany AEC676, Preparing for One-on-One Qualitative Interviews: Logistics. Written by Kathryn A. Stofer and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc338
Obstetrician-gynecologists are primary physicians to women. I. Practice patterns of Michigan obstetrician-gynecologists.

Abstract Michigan obstetrician-gynecologists were ashed to complete questionnaires designed to determine what kinds of medical services they provide their patients. The questionnaires completed by 369 doctors, who had graduated from medical school between 1930 and 1964 and who are in active practice, form the basis of this report. More than 50 per cent treat common non-obstetric-gynecologic disorders in their own patients and smaller numbers treat more serious medical conditions. This study confirms a previous one, derived from information obtained from patients, that obstetricians-gynecologists serve as primary physicians to women, not exclusively as specialist-consultants.
Mechanical Anisotropy and Surface Roughness in Additively Manufactured Parts Fabricated by Stereolithography (SLA) Using Statistical Analysis.

In this study, the degree of mechanical anisotropy was investigated through tensile testing of specimens built in different orientations and designed according to the ASTM D638 standard. The mechanical properties that were evaluated include Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and percentage elongation. Additionally, physical properties, such as mean surface roughness (Ra), density and dimension of the cross-sectional area, were also measured. These properties were then compared with the available standard data to see how SLA performs comparing to the traditional manufacturing methods. The obtained modulus of elasticity and UTS values of the printed samples were 2481 ± 50 MPa and 51.9 ± 1.3 MPa respectively, which were very similar to the standard data (2550 and 52 MPa, respectively) as provided by the material suppliers. The percentage elongation values (4.8% ± 0.4%) were a bit lower than the expected value of 6%. However, the surfaces of all the printed samples were quite smooth, with a surface roughness range of 2.28 ± 0.59 µm. A design of experiments was created to study the influence of the independent variables such as build orientation and angular orientation on the mechanical properties. Extensive statistical analysis, using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA), was performed to examine the effect of these independent variables on the mechanical properties. The SLA printed parts can be classified as isotropic since the build orientation and the angular orientation did not have a statistically significant impact on the mechanical properties. The effect of aging on the mechanical properties was also evaluated and it shows that the specimens that had been aged for a longer time resulted in superior mechanical properties. For example, the UTS increased from 24 to 54 MPa when the sample aligned parallel to the XY plane was aged from 1 week to 6 months, respectively. This significant increase implies that aging has a substantial effect on the mechanical properties of the parts fabricated by stereolithography. The resin used for this study, Visijet Sl Clear, produced very consistent mechanical properties in different directions.
Mean-field treatment of the linear sigma model in dynamical calculations of DCC observables

Approximate mean-field equations of motion for the classical chiral field are developed within the linear sigma model by means of a Hartree factorization. Both the approximate and the unapproximated equations of motion are augmented with a Rayleigh cooling term to emulate a uniform expansion, thereby allowing the extraction of observables relevant to the detection of disoriented chiral condensates, specifically the pion power spectrum, the pion correlation function, and the distribution of the neutral pion fraction. While the mean-field dynamics appears to be sufficiently accurate to be practically useful, the results also illustrate some difficulties associated with identifying the phenomenon experimentally.
Knockdown of hspg2 is associated with abnormal mandibular joint formation and neural crest cell dysfunction in zebrafish.

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) encodes for perlecan, a large proteoglycan that plays an important role in cartilage formation, cell adhesion, and basement membrane stability. Mutations in HSPG2 have been associated with Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome (SJS) and Dyssegmental Dysplasia Silverman-Handmaker Type (DDSH), two disorders characterized by skeletal abnormalities. These data indicate a function for HSPG2 in cartilage development/maintenance. However, the mechanisms in which HSPG2 regulates cartilage development are not completely understood. Here, we explored the relationship between this gene and craniofacial development through morpholino-mediated knockdown of hspg2 using zebrafish. Knockdown of hspg2 resulted in abnormal development of the mandibular jaw joint at 5 days post fertilization (DPF). We surmised that defects in mandible development were a consequence of neural crest cell (NCC) dysfunction, as these multipotent progenitors produce the cartilage of the head. Early NCC development was normal in morphant animals as measured by distal-less homeobox 2a (dlx2a) and SRY-box transcription factor 10 (sox10) expression at 1 DPF. However, subsequent analysis at later stages of development (4 DPF) revealed a decrease in the number of Sox10 + and Collagen, type II, alpha 1a (Col2a1a)+ cells within the mandibular jaw joint region of morphants relative to random control injected embryos. Concurrently, morphants showed a decreased expression of nkx3.2, a marker of jaw joint formation, at 4 DPF. Collectively, these data suggest a complex role for hspg2 in jaw joint formation and late stage NCC differentiation.
Recent Trends in Global Economic Inequality

Since the 1980s, globalization has reduced between-country inequality and increased within-country inequality in most countries. There has been a debate about whether global inequality, which combi...
A Multi-cell Open-Loop Communication Approach to Ultra-Reliable Mobile Networks

Traditional means of achieving highly reliable wireless communications are to rely on a closed-loop communication methodology, which needs to implement complicated feedback communication mechanisms. Such closed-loop communication means inevitably incur feedback communication latency and thus lead to a fundamental tradeoff problem of simultaneously achieving high reliability and low latency. To avoid encountering this tradeoff problem, in this paper we adopt an open-loop communication methodology in a mobile network and propose a multi-cell association scheme to enhance the reliability of open-loop communication. The multi-cell association scheme helps users connect to multiple base stations (BSs), which form a virtual cell of the user. We first characterize the distribution of the number of the users associating with a BS for the multi-cell association scheme and then use it to establish the accurate models of signal-to-interference ratios (SIRs) in the downlink and uplink. The downlink and uplink communication reliabilities, which are defined based on the SIRs in the downlink and uplink, are accurately analyzed and their explicit upper bounds are found. Our analytical and simulated results show that jointly adopting open-loop communication and multi-cell association is able to significantly improve the communication reliability of users, thereby creating an ultra-reliable mobile network.