cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aneurysm of the aberrant right thoracic duct

A 63-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of progressive hoarseness, dry cough, and dysphagia to solid foods. She noticed increasing fullness in her right supraclavicular space for several months. Her past medical history was significant for a car accident and whiplash injury requiring a temporary neck collar 40 years earlier. Physical examination revealed a soft mass at the base of the right side of the neck with minimal tenderness and no bruit or thrill. Duplex ultrasonography showed a 21.91.5-cm aneurysm projecting laterally from the confluence of the right internal jugular vein (IJV)-subclavian vein with turbulent venous blood flow (A). Computed tomography venography confirmed blood flow through a wide neck of the aneurysm, which was connected to the right IJV 1 cm above the right subclavian vein junction (B/Cover). Operative resection was performed through a right transverse, supraclavicular incision. A 334-cm thin-walled aneurysm containing dark venous blood mixed with cloudy lymph fluid was dissected; the aneurysm communicated with the IJV (C). The neck of the aneurysm close to the vein was double ligated and divided. Further dissection revealed that the aneurysm developed in the distal segment of a large aberrant right thoracic duct (TD). The duct was double ligated and divided and the aneurysm removed (D). Gross evaluation showed a thin-walled lymphatic aneurysm without thrombus. The wound was closed after ligation and clipping of any lymphatic leak. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 3 without complications. Follow-up duplex ultrasonography 3 months later demonstrated complete resolution of the lymphatic aneurysm. The patient’s symptoms completely resolved, and she continues to do well 6 months postoperatively. The patient consented to the publication of this report.
SELECTIVE ATTRACTION OF MALE EUGLOSSINE BEES TO ORCHID FLORAL FRAGRANCES AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN LONG DISTANCE POLLEN FLOW.

It has been known for some time that male bees of the tribe Euglossini visit and often pollinate various orchid flowers (Dodson and Frymire, 1961a, 1961b; Dodson, 1962, 1967; Vogel, 1963, 1966; van der Pijl and Dodson, 1966; Dressler, 1967, 1968a, 1968b). The syndrome of "euglossine pollination" was discussed by Dressler (1968b). He noted that the orchid flowers that are pollinated exclusively by male euglossine bees are very fragrant, but are almost always lacking in nectar; therefore, no food is present. The source of the attraction was recognized as the fragrance of the flower, but the identity of the odor components was not known for a number of years. Eleven compounds from orchid floral fragrances were identified (Hills et al., 1968), but only some of the compounds were shown to be attractants of male euglossine bees (Adams, 1968; Dodson et al., 1969). Adams showed that some of the compounds from orchid fragrances modified the attraction potential of other fragrance components, and that some of the compounds were not attractive to male euglossine bees. Several additional compounds have been identified from orchid floral fragrances (Dodson and Williams, unpublished), some of which have been demonstrated in field tests to be active attractants of male euglossines, while other compounds have been shown to modify or reduce the attraction potential of various other odor components. The behavior of the bees on the flowers and at the isolated odor components has
The 1780 Massachusetts Constitution: Religious Establishment or Civil Religion?

"Separation of church and state" has long been taken to describe the formal relationship between religion and the political order in the United States. But "separation" in the early national period did not mean that the role which religion would take in the evolving American social order was of no concern to those who organized the political structures of the new nation. Indeed, few would have denied that some common affirmation of general religious principles would be essential to the maintenance of national solidarity. Accordingly, when the framers of the federal Constitution prohibited the Congress from officially endorsing or supporting a particular religious body, they were not denying the vital role of religion in upholding social and political order. George Washington articulated the consensus when he declared:
Literary and Cinematic Representations of Sacred Italian Resistance Memory: The Holy Partisan-Martyr as Hero

Every group is organised and held together by some specific psychological tendency or group of tendencies, which give the group a bias in its dealings with external circumstances. The bias constructs the special persistent features of group culture … [and this] immediately settle[s] what the individual will observe in his environment and what he will connect from his past life with this direct response.— F. C. Bartlett (1932)
Risk factors for dural tears in the cervical spine.

Study Design.Retrospective review of prospective database.Objective.To investigate the incidence of cervical dural tears (DTs), risk factors for occurrence and failure of treatment, and the effect on clinical outcomes.Summary of Background Data.Only 1 study has specifically investigated the impact o
Precision optical displacement measurements using biphotons

Due to the existence of quantum correlations between photon pairs, their average position can be determined more precisely than the individual position of each photon. This effect is exploited to enhance the precision and the resolution of measuring optical displacements.
Survey of iodine nutrition and thyroid function of childbearing age women and 8-10 year-old chidren in Hainan Province

Objective To survey the iodine nutritional status and thyroid function in childbearing age women and 8-10 year-old children in Hainan Province. Methods the iodine content an thyroid function of women aged 18 to 45 year-old, children aged 8 to 10 year-old in the schools in 11 cities and counties in Hainan were sampled and surveyed by direct titration(GB/T13025.7-1999). Urinary iodine were determined by arsenic cerium catalytic. Thyroid function(including serum TT3,FT4)and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)were measured with direct chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The iodized salt coverage was 98.33%(590/600),and qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.33%(584/600); The urine iodine median in women of child-bearing age and 8～10 year-old children were 171.1,195.4μg/L,The detection rate of subclinical hyperthyroidism was 9.0%(30/330),subclinical hypothyroidism was 1.2%(4/330)in Women. The detection rate of subclinical hyperthyroidism was 0.3%(1/330),subclinical hypothyroidism was 0.9%)4/330)in 8～10 year-old children. Conclusions Iodine nutrition in women of childbearing age and 8-10 year-old children is normal. The control of iodine deficiency disorders in Hainan is effective.
Purification and properties of adenosine 5′-phosphosulphate sulphotransferase from Euglena

Adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate sulphotransferase (APSST) was extracted from Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris mutant W10BSmL by freezing and thawing and was purified about 10,000-fold (to homogeneity) with 10.5% recovery by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, Sephadex G-100 chromatography, Reactive Blue-agarose, Reactive Dye-agarose, DEAE-cellulose, preparative isoelectric focusing and non-inactivating SDS/PAGE. The active APSST, with a molecular mass of 102 kDa and multiple forms from pI 5.0 to 5.5, is a tetramer held together by covalent (probably disulphide) bonds. An apparent Km of the purified enzyme for adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (APS) of 0.1 microM is obtained when dithiothreitol is used as the thiol. The enzyme is stimulated by Mg2+, Ca2+ or Ba2+, and uses almost any thiol; dithiothreitol and dithioerythritol give the highest activity. In the absence of APS, the enzyme is inactivated (and is rendered monomeric) by thiols but is protected from thiol inactivation by AMP, adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate (APA) or adenosine 5'-monosulphate (AMS), which also inhibit APSST activity somewhat. The enzyme resists inactivation by SDS in the absence of thiols; SDS stimulates APSST activity at low concentration, but high concentrations are inhibitory.
Studies on the biology of phleboviruses in sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). I. Experimental infection of the vector

Abstract This paper describes a series of experiments which were done to determine the behavior of 14 different phleboviruses in laboratory-reared sand flies (Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perniciosus and Lutzomyia longipalpis) after oral and parenteral infection. Most of the viruses replicated in the sand flies after intrathoracic inoculation; however, the insects were quite refractory to oral infection. Six of 11 phleboviruses tested were transovarially transmitted in one or more sand fly species. The percentage of infected F1 offspring produced by parenterally infected female parents ranged from 1.5–60%, depending on the virus type used. These data support the hypothesis that some of the phleboviruses are maintained in sand flies by transovarial transmission.
Going beyond genetics to discover cancer targets

Two recent studies demonstrate the power of integrating tumor genotype information with epigenetic and proteomic studies to discover potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
Review of Cardiometabolic Effects of Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Populations with significant dietary fish intake tend to have lower cardiovascular (CV) risk and demonstrable physiologic differences including lower lipid/lipoprotein levels and other direct and indirect effects on the arterial wall and inhibiting factors that promote atherosclerosis. Treatment with high doses of pharmacologic-grade omega-3 fatty acid (n-3FA) supplements achieves significant reductions in triglycerides (TG), non-high-density lipoprotein- (non-HDL-) and TG-rich lipoprotein- (TRL-) cholesterol levels. n-3FA supplements have significant effects on markers of atherosclerosis risk including endothelial function, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, cellular and humoral markers of inflammation, hemodynamic factors, and plaque stabilization. This review summarizes the lipid and cardiometabolic effects of prescription-grade n-3FAs and will discuss clinical trials, national/organizational guidelines, and expert opinion on the impact of supplemental n-3FAs on CV health and disease. Clinical trial evidence supports use of n-3FAs in individuals with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but the data either does not support or is lacking for other types of cardiometabolic risk including prevention of stroke, treatment in patients with heart failure, diabetes mellitus and prediabetes, and for primary prevention in the general population. Despite inconsistent findings to support widespread benefit, there is persistent population-wide enthusiasm for n-3FA as a dietary supplement for its cardiometabolic benefits. Fortunately, there are ongoing clinical trials to assess whether the lipid/lipoprotein benefits may be extended to other at-risk populations and whether lower-dose therapy may provide background benefit for primary prevention of ASCVD.
Prevalence of Military Sexual Trauma and Sexual Orientation Discrimination Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Military Personnel: a Descriptive Study

Despite the repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, Don’t Pursue (DADT) and the update to the Transgender Policy, there remain concerns about the persistence of military sexual trauma (MST) and sexual orientation discrimination against lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) service members. A sample of 253 participants (89 women, 164 men) completed an Internet-based survey that assessed the prevalence of sexual orientation discrimination (e.g., offensive speech, physical or discriminatory behaviors) and MST (e.g., sexual harassment and sexual assault). The survey was conducted between April 2012 and October 2013. Women and men reported similar levels of sexual orientation discrimination in the military. Participants reported experiencing more threats and intimation, vandalism, and physical assault outside of the military than inside the military (p < 0.05). Although the prevalence of MST (both sexual harassment and sexual assault) in the military was high among both genders, women were more likely to report experiences of sexual harassment compared to men (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate the prevalence of MST and sexual orientation discrimination among LGBT service members in the military and point to the need for strong accountability and oversight to protect sexual minority persons while they are serving their country.
Correction to: Drought Indices, Drought Impacts, CO 2 , and Warming: a Historical and Geologic Perspective

The original version of this article, unfortunately, contained an error. In the recently published paper, “Drought Indices, Drought Impacts, CO2, and Warming: a Historical and Geologic Perspective,” there are erroneous inconsistencies in the referencing for Table 1.
Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Problems

A century ago, as the discipline of surgery, with the development of anesthesia and some understanding of sepsis, was emerging as a skilled, humane treatment for an increasing number of human illnesses, surgeons took up an interest in that hidden and somewhat mysterious organ, the pancreas. Surgeons such as Nicholas Senn [1], Robert Coffey [2], and Sauve [3] were conducting extensive experimental studies on methods of resection and anastomosis, the effects of pancreatic secretion in the peritoneal cavity, and the healing process of the traumatized or incised gland. During the same period, an occasional surgeon was making hesitant efforts toward the treatment of clinical pancreatic disease. Despite Halsted’s report in 1899 of the first successful resection of an ampullary carcinoma [4], a favorable outcome following operation on the pancreas was rare, prompting Von Mikulicz- Radecki to comment in 1902 in his invitational presentation before the Congress of American Physicians and Surgeons [5] that “operative interference for disease of the pancreas is still, at the present time, the most incomplete chapter in the realm of abdominal surgery.” In the thirty operations on the pancreas reported by Von Mikulicz-Radecki, there was a single excision of a tumor in the head of the pancreas with a fatal outcome.
Effects of spring and summer levels of UV-B radiation on the growth and reproduction of a temperate perennial forb.

Narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), a perennial forb, flowers for virtually the full length of the growing season in temperate latitudes and as a result it is exposed to widely variable intensities of shortwave (UV-B) radiation. In order to determine effects of spring and summer levels of UV-B exposure on growth and development, representatives of 42 maternal families were grown for 85 days at 3.2 and 6.4 kJ m−2 day−1 BE300, levels corresponding to early spring and mid-summer in central Illinois. Impacts on early vegetative stages were most pronounced; early vegetative growth was decreased by higher levels of UV-B and both leaf angle (a measure of erectness) and leaf hair density were increased. At harvest, vegetative growth was significantly affected by higher levels of UV-B as well; the mass of senescent leaves and crown tissue were both decreased. Although exposure to higher levels of UV-B decreased inflorescence number by nearly 15%, it did not significantly alter reproductive biomass. Significant variation attributable to maternal families was present in nearly all measurements and the range of variation among families was wider than among UV-B treatments. A marginally significant (p=0.07) maternal family by UV-B interaction was found for the number of inflorescences, suggesting that, within populations of this plant, some small amount of genetic variation exists to allow for differential reproductive performance under a regime simulating spring and summer differences in UV-B exposure. For the most part, however, in this cosmopolitan species the level of adaptation to natural levels of variation in UV-B radiation does not differ dramatically among maternal families.
A case of narcolepsy with strictly unilateral cataplexy.

I report a case of a 50-year-old African American woman who presented for a sleep medicine evaluation complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness of greater than 10 years' duration. She reported falling asleep while driving, talking with friends, and eating. Her Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 21/24. Her history was positive for the presence of sleep paralysis. She denied visual or auditory hallucinations in the peri-sleep period. Citation: McCarty DE. A case of narcolepsy with strictly unilateral cataplexy. J Clin Sleep Med 2010;6(1):75-76.
Experimental Bucklings of Heavy Water Moderated Lattices of Natural Uranium Metal Rod Clusters

Studies performed in the Process Bevelopment Pile of the Savannah River Laboratory provide precise measurements of the material bucklings of a number of D/sub 2/Omoderated lattices of natural uranium metal rods over an extended range of fuel assembly sizes and lattice pitches. The 1-in. uranium rods are clad with 0.032 in. of aluminum. Fuel assembly sizes vary from single rods to clusters of 3, 7, and 19 rods (0.09 to 1.81 kg U/cm) and lattice spacings from 7.00 to 21.00 in., covering a range of moderator-to-fuel volume ratios from 10.23 to 161.53. A few lattices are studied at different D/sub 2/O purlties, in loadings of different sizes, and in reflected loadings. (auth)
Capacity for red blood cell aggregation is higher in athletic mammalian species than in sedentary species

The purpose of this study was to show that two rheological parameters, red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation rate and apparent blood viscosity at low shear rate, characterizing the degree of RBC aggre...
What can you and I do to reduce income inequality

Are there things that ordinary people can do in their private lives to reduce economic inequality? And, if so, how would these things work? To be sure, there are macro societal mechanisms for reduc...
EZH2 variants differentially regulate polycomb repressive complex 2 in histone methylation and cell differentiation

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is responsible for establishing and maintaining histone H3K27 methylation during cell differentiation and proliferation. H3K27 can be mono-, di-, or trimethylated, resulting in differential gene regulation. However, it remains unknown how PRC2 specifies the degree and biological effects of H3K27 methylation within a given cellular context. One way to determine PRC2 specificity may be through alternative splicing of Ezh2, PRC2’s catalytic subunit, during cell differentiation and tissue maturation. We fully characterized the alternative splicing of Ezh2 in somatic cells and male germ cells and found that Ezh’s exon 14 was differentially regulated during mitosis and meiosis. The Ezh2 isoform containing exon 14 (ex14-Ezh2) is upregulated during cell cycle progression, consistent with a role in maintaining H3K27 methylation during chromatin replication. In contrast, the isoform lacking exon 14 (ex14D-Ezh2) was almost exclusively present in spermatocytes when new H3K27me2 is established during meiotic differentiation. Moreover, Ezh2’s transcript is normally controlled by E2F transcription activators, but in spermatocytes, Ezh2’s transcription is controlled by the meiotic regulator MYBL1. Compared to ex14-EZH2, ex14D-EZH2 has a diminished efficiency for catalyzing H3K27me3 and promotes embryonic stem cell differentiation. Ezh2’s expression is regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in a cellular context-dependent manner. EZH2 variants determine functional specificity of PRC2 in histone methylation during cell proliferation and differentiation.
Ambient Temperature and Markers of Fetal Growth: A Retrospective Observational Study of 29 Million U.S. Singleton Births

Background: Emerging studies suggest that ambient temperature during pregnancy may be associated with fetal growth, but the existing evidence is limited and inconsistent. Objectives: We aimed to ev...
Effect of pendent bulky groups on pure- and sour mixed-gas permeation properties of triphenylamine-based polyimides

Abstract Three diamine triphenylamine-based monomers, 4,4′-diaminotriphenylamine (TPA), 4,4′-diamino-4″-(dimethylamino)triphenylamine (TPA(NMe2)), and 4,4′-diamino-4″-(tert-butyl)triphenylamine (TPA(t-Bu)) were reproduced in preparation for their 6FDA-based homopolyimides: 6FDA-TPA, 6FDA-TPA(NMe2) and 6FDA-TPA(t-Bu). The bulkiness effect of two pendent groups (dimethylamino and tert-butyl) on the gas transport properties of the polymers was evaluated. Both bulky groups enhanced the fractional free volume (FFV) within the membranes matrices, thereby increasing gas diffusivity, which resulted in greater CO2 permeability of 6FDA-TPA(NMe2) by almost 32% and 6FDA-TPA(t-Bu) by 3 folds compared to their nonfunctionalized analog 6FDA-TPA. Moreover, introducing bulky groups had minimal effect on gas solubility, indicating that separation through these materials is a diffusion-driven process. Afterwards, sweet mixed-gas permeation properties where measured for 6FDA-TPA and 6FDA-TPA(t-Bu) membranes using a multicomponent gas mixture (N2, CH4, C2H6 and CO2) at various feed pressures up to 500 psi and a fixed temperature of 22 °C. Once again, the introduction of the bulky group (t-Bu) resulted in an increase in the mixed-gas CO2 permeability coefficient by 3 folds, while the CO2/CH4 selectivity coefficient dropped by around 33%. Moreover, the sour mixed-gas permeation properties using a high H2S-content multicomponent gas mixture (20 vol% H2S) were measured for 6FDA-TPA and 6FDA-TPA(t-Bu) membranes at feed pressures up to 500 psi and 22 °C. The membranes showed nonideal behavior in the presence of hydrogen sulfide, where both membranes performed similarly and the effect of the bulky group (t-Bu) was negligible.
Rio de Janeiro: Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas

Energy conservation and climate change impacts are priority issues for planning in the US and are becoming so around the world. Adrienne Greve writes about her experience as an invited speaker in the first international conference of the Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil which discussed the planning and housing needs of the low income populations. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/focus This International Exchange is brought to you for free and open access by the City and Regional Planning at DigitalCommons@CalPoly. It has been accepted for inclusion in Focus by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CalPoly. For more information, please contact mwyngard@calpoly.edu. Recommended Citation Greve, Adrienne (2011) "Rio de Janeiro: Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas," Focus: Vol. 8: Iss. 1, Article 13. DOI: 10.15368/focus.2011v8n1.7 Available at: http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/focus/vol8/iss1/13
Improved Automating Seismic Facies Analysis Using Deep Dilated Attention Autoencoders

With the dramatic growth and complexity of seismic data, manual annotation of seismic facies has become a significant challenge. The encoder-decoder neural network architecture has been widely used in image segmentation. In recent years, the same architecture has also been used in seismic surveys for facies classification applications. In this paper, a modified U-Net architecture with trainable soft attention mechanism and dilated convolution is proposed to improve the automatic seismic facies analysis. This proposed framework generates more accurate results in a more efficient way. The dilated convolution achieves more accurate results with less computation than the CNN with pooling in U-Net. With the attention mechanism, the dilated U-Net model further improves classification accuracy. Our experiments show that the dilated attention autoencoder model is less prone to overfitting and at the same time, it achieves a smoother increasing validation accuracy.
Anomalous chiral edge states in spin-1 Dirac quantum dots

In this paper, the authors find a family of in-gap chiral edge states in non-inverted spin-1 Dirac quantum dots, which represent a topologically trivial confinement configuration. This finding uncovers that topologically protected states can arise in condensed matter systems even without topological restriction, opening a wider avenue for applications of topological quantum states.
Legal Performance-Enhancing Substances in Children and Adolescents: Why Should We Care?

* Abbreviation: PES — : performance-enhancing substance The use of legal performance-enhancing substances (PESs) is common among adolescents, particularly boys.1 Approximately one-third of all youth use creatine, protein powders, or dietary supplements,2–4 and an even greater proportion of athletes and college students do so.5,6 Although previous studies have correlated legal PES use with future use of illegal PESs,7,8 in a study in this issue of Pediatrics , Ganson et al9 explore a broader role for PESs as a gateway to alcohol and other substance use. There are 2 key points to recognize when addressing this topic: 1. “PES” is a misleading term. Most legal supplements marketed for athletic performance enhancement are ineffective at increasing muscle mass or athletic performance beyond what can be achieved through appropriate nutrition and training.1,10 They are not truly performance enhancing. 2. Many adolescents, both athletes and nonathletes, are using PESs primarily in pursuit of a more muscular appearance, rather than for performance-oriented goals. This recognition has spurred an evolution of terminology, with increasing use of “appearance and PESs” in place of the … Address correspondence to Steven Cuff, MD, FAAP, Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 584 County Line Rd West, Westerville, OH 43082. E-mail: steven.cuff{at}nationwidechildrens.org
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor

Publisher Summary The insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), which was introduced in early 1980s, is becoming a successful device because of its superior characteristics. IGBT is a three-terminal power semiconductor switch used to control the electrical energy. As high stress conditions are quite frequent in circuit applications, it is extremely cost efficient and pertinent to model the IGBT performance under these conditions. The IGBTs are replacing MOSFETs in high-voltage applications with lower conduction losses. They have on-state voltage and current density comparable to a power BJT with higher switching frequency. Although they exhibit fast turn-on, their turn-off is slower than a MOSFET because of current fall time. A portion of minority carriers injected into the drift region from the collector of an IGBT flows directly to the emitter terminal. The negative charge of electrons in the inversion layer attracts the majority of holes and generates the lateral component of hole current through the p-type body layer.
Measuring confidence engaging in computer activities at different skill levels: Development and validation of the Brief Inventory of Technology Self-Efficacy (BITS)

Abstract People in educational settings are expected to effectively use increasingly complex technology. One of the most important factors in technology use is computer self-efficacy (CSE). Although frequently assessed, available measures of CSE have various issues. Additionally, there is no current measure that delineates CSE at different skill levels and specifically targets usage in applied fields. Consequently, this set of seven studies describes the development and psychometric properties of two CSE scales that address these issues: the 18-item Brief Inventory of Technology Self-Efficacy (BITS) and the six-item Brief Inventory of Technology Self-Efficacy – Short Form (BITS-SF). The first study encompassed conceptualization and item development. The second and third studies explored and confirmed the three-factor structure of the BITS (Novice, Advanced, and Expert) in samples of Mechanical Turk workers and college students, respectively. The fourth study examined the multigroup invariance of this factor structure across men and women. The fifth study showed evidence for the temporal stability of the BITS. The sixth study assessed for validity evidence for both scales. Finally, the seventh study used latent class analysis to determine the underlying classes of the BITS-SF. The uses of the BITS and BITS-SF are discussed. Both measures are available at www.bitssurvey.com .
SARS-CoV-2-Associated T-Cell Responses in the Presence of Humoral Immunodeficiency.

We report perhaps the most comprehensive study of subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ and subsets of B cells in a mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2+ immunocompetent patient and a common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID) patient who had normal absolute lymphocyte counts and remained negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Naive (TN), central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM), and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, subsets of T follicular helper cells (cTFH, TFH1, TFH2, TFH17, TFH1/TFH17, and TFR), CD4 Treg, CD8 Treg, mature B cells, transitional B cells, marginal zone B cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, CD21low B cells, antibody-secreting cells (plasmablasts), and Breg cells were examined in patients and age-matched controls with appropriate monoclonal antibodies and isotype controls using multicolor flow cytometry. Different patterns of abnormalities (often contrasting) were observed in the subsets of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B-cell subsets, and regulatory lymphocytes among the immunocompetent patient and CVID patient as compared to corresponding healthy controls. Furthermore, when data were analyzed between the 2 patients, the immunocompetent patient demonstrated greater changes in various subsets as compared to the CVID patient. These data demonstrate different immunological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompetent patient and the CVID patient. A marked decrease in GC B cells and plasmablasts may be responsible for failure to make SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The lack of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with mild clinical disease suggests an important role of T-cell response in defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Amino-acid sequence and glycan structures of cysteine proteases with proline specificity from ginger rhizome Zingiber officinale.

The ginger proteases (GP-I and GP-II), isolated from the ginger rhizome Zingiber officinale, have an unusual substrate specificity preference for cleaving peptides with a proline residue at the P2 position. The complete amino-acid sequence of GP-II, a glycoprotein containing 221 amino acids, and about 98% that of GP-I have been determined. Both proteases, which are 82% similar, have cysteine residues at positions 27 and histidines at position 161, corresponding to the essential cysteine-histidine diads found in the papain family of cysteine proteases, and six corresponding cysteine residues that form the three invariant disulfide linkages seen in this family of proteins. The sequence homology with other members (papain, bromelain, actinidin, protease omega, etc.) of this family is approximately 50%. GP-II has two predicted glycosylation sites at Asn99 and Asn156. Analyisis by electrospray and collision-induced dissociation MS showed that both sites were occupied by the glycans (Man)3(Xyl)1(Fuc)1(GlcNAc)2 and (Man)3(Xyl)1(Fuc)1(GlcNAc)3, in a ratio of approximately 7 : 1. Both glycans are xylose containing biantennary complex types that share the common core structural unit, Man1-->6(Man1-->3) (Xyl1-->2)Man1-->4GlcNAc1-->4(Fuc1-->3)GlcNAc for the major form, with an additional N-acetylglucosamine residue being linked, in the minor form, to one of the terminal mannose units of the core structure.
Homologous Genetic Recombination in Xenopus: Mechanism and Implications for Gene Manipulation

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the capabilities of oocytes and eggs from the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis , for causing the recombination of exogenous DNA molecules. The focus is on the mechanism of homology-dependent recombination as elucidated mostly through experimental results obtained in the laboratory. Recombination in oocytes proceeds by exonuclease resection and the annealing of complementary strands. The mechanism, which is usually called “single-strand annealing (SSA),” is nonconservative in the sense that two homologous parental sequences yield only one copy as a recombination product. Appropriately designed DNA substrates undergo very efficient homologous recombination after injection into the nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes. The requirements for this process are that the substrate should be linear, that it has direct repeats to support recombination, and that these repeats are at or very near the molecular ends. Taking advantage of direct nuclear injection, the large amounts of DNA processed in a single oocyte, and the accessibility of recombination intermediates, the mechanism of recombination is analyzed in detail in the chapter. The capability for SSA accumulates during the later phases of oogenesis and persists into the egg. This pattern suggests that, like many activities of full-grown oocytes, SSA is stored for use during embryogenesis.
Pathogenesis of type II avian adenovirus infection in Turkeys: In vivo immune cell tropism and tissue distribution of the virus

Hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV), a type II avian adenovirus, causes intestinal hemorrhages and immunosuppression in turkeys. In this study, we exposed turkeys to virulent HEV and examined fractionated spleen cells for the presence of viral DNA by in situ hybridization and amplification of DNA extracted from virus-infected cells by PCR. HEV replication was detected only in the immunoglobulin M-bearing B lymphocytes and macrophage-like cells but not in the CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes. The inability to infect T cells distinguishes type II avian adenoviruses from lymphotropic mammalian adenoviruses which infect and replicate in T cells. Furthermore, these data suggested that HEV-induced immunosuppression in turkeys may be due to the effect of the virus on B lymphocytes and macrophages. We also examined tissue tropism of HEV by in situ hybridization conducted on sections of lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Large numbers of HEV-positive cells were detected in spleen and cecal tonsils. Diminutive viral activity was present in the intestines, the principal site of HEV-induced pathology. Thus, intestinal pathology was not associated with local cytopathic viral replication. This result and our previous observation that cyclosporin A abrogated intestinal hemorrhaging in HEV-infected turkeys strongly suggested that intestinal lesion induced by this virus may be immune system mediated.
A BGG type resolution of holomorphic Verma modules

For a Hermitian symmetric space $X = G/K$ of non-compact type let $\theta$ denote the Cartan involution of the semisimple Lie group $G$ with respect to the maximal compact subgroup $K$ of $G$, and let $q$ denote a $\theta$-stable parabolic subalgebra of the complexified Lie algebra $g$ of $G$ with corresponding Levi subgroup $L$ of $G$. Given a finite-dimensional irreducible $L$ module $F_{L}$ we find Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand type resolutions of the induced $(g, L \cap K)$ module $U(g) \otimes_{U(q)}F_{L}$ and its Hermitian dual, the produced module $\mathrm{Hom}_{U(\bar{q})}(U(g),F_{L})_{L \cap K-\mathrm{finite}}$, where $U(\cdot)$ is the universal enveloping algebra functor and $\bar{q}$ is the complex conjugate of $q$. The results coupled with a Grothendick spectral sequence provide for application to certain $(g,K)$ modules obtained by cohomological parabolic induction, and they extend results obtained initially by Stanke.
Inhibition of Canonical Wnt Signaling Increases Microvascular Hemorrhaging and Venular Remodeling in Adult Rats

Objective The canonical Wnt signaling pathway, heavily studied in development and cancer, has recently been implicated in microvascular growth with the use of developmental and in vitro models. To date, however, no study exists showing the effects of perturbing the canonical Wnt pathway in a complete microvascular network undergoing physiological remodeling in vivo. Our objective was to investigate the effects of canonical Wnt inhibition on the microvascular remodeling of adult rats.
A Theoretical Structure for Personnel Subsystem Measurement

Differences between controlled laboratory experimentation and measurement of personnel performance in functioning man-machine systems are contrasted. Types of non-laboratory performance measurement are described. Language: en
Oral immunization with polyvalent streptomycin-dependent Escherichia coli vaccine.

Streptomycin-dependent Escherichia coli serotypes O 111, O 55 and O 26 were used to vaccinate young patas monkeys against these organisms by the oral route. Five administrations of 1010 cells in 3-day intervals gave almost full protection to the animals against challenge with 9 to 11 minimal infective doses of homologous virulent organisms for at least 1 month, whether the three serotypes were administered singly or simultaneously.
1,4‐Pentenyne as a Five‐Carbon Synthon for Efficient and Selective Syntheses of Natural Products Containing 2,4‐Dimethyl‐1‐penten‐1,5‐ylidene and Related Moieties by Means of Zr‐Catalyzed Carboalumination of Alkynes and Alkenes

Two highly efficient protocols for enantioselective synthesis of 2,4-dimethyl-1-penten-1,5-ylidene derivatives involve the combined use of the Zr-catalyzed methylalumination of alkynes (ZMA) and the Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes (ZACA). The ZMA/ZACA protocol has been applied to the synthesis of a nafuredin intermediate 14 and a potential intermediate 18 for milbemycin beta 3, while the ZACA/ZMA protocol has been applied to the synthesis of a (-)-bafilomycin A(1) intermediate 25.
Intermittent Shade Effect on Gas Exchange of Cotton Leaves in the Humid Southeastern USA

Convective cumulus clouds intermittently shade growing plants on most days during the summer months in the southeastern USA. Previous research indicates a significant delay in the recovery of stomatal conductance (g s ) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves following a period of shade. Our objective was to determine the effect of shade on leaf net CO 2 exchange rate (CER) and g s of three cotton cultivars. We monitored CER and g, of greenhouse- and field-grown cotton before, during, and after shading plants for up to 9 min at photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels of <300 μmol quanta m -2 s -1 . The three cultivars had the same gas exchange response to shade. With the imposition of a 6-min shade on greenhouse-grown plants at 7 weeks after planting (WAP), g s of uppermost fully expanded leaves fell 43%. Two weeks later, a 6-min shade reduced g s of uppermost fully expanded leaves by 97%. Under field conditions, a 9-min shade reduced g s by 35% early in the cutout period (cessation of vegetative growth) in 1992 and 42% late in the cutout period in 1994. Under both greenhouse and field growing conditions, the low PAR levels with shade reduced CER to near 0 μmol CO 2 m -2 s -1 . Recovery of CER to preshade levels after the shade was removed coincided with the rate of recovery of g s . In the greenhouse-grown plants, recovery of CER to preshade levels following 6 min of shade did not occur until 7 min (at 7 WAP) and 10 min (at 9 WAP) after the shade was removed. Field-grown leaves needed only 4 min to recover to preshade levels of CER and g, following 9 min of shade. The results suggest that, following a brief shade period, field-grown cotton leaves reacclimate within 4 min, while leaves on greenhouse-grown plants may take longer.
The Company You Keep: Adolescent Mobility and Peer Behavior*

Residential mobility has been linked to a variety of problematic behaviors during adolescence, but the reasons for this association are not well understood. This analysis examines the relationship between adolescent residential mobility and the academic and deviant behaviors of members of adolescents' friendship networks. Using data from approximately 12,000 respondents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we find that residentially mobile adolescents belong to school-based friendship networks whose members exhibit weaker academic performance and expectations, less school engagement, and higher rates of deviance than do members of the friendship networks of nonmobile adolescents, even after controlling for adolescents' own academic and deviant behaviors. These differences in the behavioral composition of adolescent friendship networks are not ephemeral, but appear to persist for several years. Moreover, these differences are equally pronounced among older and younger adolescents and among girls and boys. We also find that parental socioeconomic status is positively associated with adolescents' involvement in high-achieving and prosocial friendship networks. Directions for future research exploring the impact of residential and school mobility on adolescent development and functioning are discussed.
Origin of the unusual kinetics of iron deposition in human H-chain ferritin.

From microorganisms to humans, ferritin plays a central role in the biological management of iron. The ferritins function as iron storage and detoxification proteins by oxidatively depositing iron as a hydrous ferric hydroxide mineral core within their shell-like structures. The mechanism by which the mineral core is formed has been the subject of intense investigation for many years. A diiron ferroxidase site located on the H-chain subunit of vertebrate ferritins catalyzes the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) by molecular oxygen. A previous stopped-flow kinetics study of a transient μ-peroxodiFe(III) intermediate formed at this site revealed very unusual kinetics curves, the shape of which depended markedly on the amount of iron presented to the protein.17 In the present work, a mathematical model for catalysis is developed that explains the observed kinetics. The model consists of two sequential mechanisms. In the first mechanism, turnover of iron at the ferroxidase site is rapid, resulting in steady-stat...
Effect of carotenoids on cichlid phenotype and mating behavior

Carotenoids are suspected to be honest indicators of health and adaptation for some cichlid species. In this study, male and female Metriaclima zebra cichlid fishes were fed a specialized diet of carotenoids, and their phenotypic expression and behavioral changes were measured. The effect of carotenoids on female–male mate choice behavioral interactions was also measured. When males were fed either a high- or low-carotenoid diet there was no statistically significant difference in coloration. There was, however, a statistically significant difference in coloration when males were reared in social versus non-social conditions. In Metriaclima zebra cichlids, carotenoids do not appear to be an important factor for mate choice, but other rearing conditions may be.
Evaluation of single plane angiography for left ventricular volume in the intact dog

Technique and errors of quantitative single plane ventriculography (SPV), and the methods of Dodge and Sandler (Dodge et al , 1962; Sandler and Dodge, 1968) and Greene et al (1967) for determining left ventricular (LV) volume by SPV were evaluated in the intact dog. Stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (![Graphic][1] ) by ventriculography were compared with those obtained by the Fick and dye dilution methods, and their combination. The end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic volume (ESV) corrected by appropriate regression equations, the SV (SV = EDV − ESV), and the ejection fraction (EF) were: Dodge and Sandler, 2.26. 1.35, 0.91 ml/kg, and 0.42; Greene et al , 2.41, 1.50, 0.91 ml/kg, and 0.39. Using adequate methods, accurate correction for x -ray image magnification, and the appropriate regression equations the standard error of LV volume calculation by single plane radiography, due to unavoidable technical inaccuracies, should not exceed 10% for a single measurement and 5% for the average of two or more successive cardiac cycles. The systematic overestimation of LV volume inherent in ventriculography, and caused by the addition of contrast medium, should not exceed 5% of the true value. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Identification of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetic Acid as the Major Metabolite of Mescaline in the Dog

MESCALINE (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylethylamine), an alkaloid obtained from Anhalonium lewinii and Trichocereus terscheckii, has been the subject of many investigations. After oral administration of mescaline to dogs, Slotta and Muller1 were able to isolate 38 percent of the mescaline as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid but were unable to detect any of the parent compound in the 24-hr, urine. These results could not be confirmed by Cochin and co-workers2, who reported that only ‘trace’ quantities of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid were excreted in this species, but that 28–46 percent of a dose, administered parenterally or orally, was excreted as the parent compound. Others3–6 have reported similar findings of unchanged mescaline in the urine of human beings receiving the drug. The metabolism of this drug was re-investigated in the dog employing 8-−14C mescaline.
Texture in sputtered Mo films

The evolution of texture in thin films must be fully understood in order to take advantage of favorable crystallographic orientations in a material for a given application. The development of an out-of-plane texture (preferred crystallographic orientation in the growth direction) and an in-plane texture (preferred crystallographic orientation in the plane of growth) in sputter deposited, thin Mo films on Si was studied using transmission electron microscopy and diffraction, and conventional x-ray pole figures. For a range of deposition parameters, a strong (110) out-of-plane texture developed within 1000A, while a strong in-plane texture did not develop until a thickness of about 1 µm.
Quantifying R 2 bias in the presence of measurement error

Measurement error (ME) is the difference between the true unknown value of a variable and the data assigned to that variable during the measuring process. The multiple correlation coefficient quantifies the strength of the relationship between the dependent and independent variable(s) in regression modeling. In this paper, we show that ME in the dependent variable results in a negative bias in the multiple correlation coefficient, making the relationship appear weaker than it should. The adjusted R 2 provides regression modelers an unbiased estimate of the multiple correlation coefficient. However, due to the ME induced bias in the multiple correlation coefficient, the otherwise unbiased adjusted R 2 under-estimates the variance explained by a regression model. This paper proposes two statistics for estimating the multiple correlation coefficient, both of which take into account the ME in the dependent variable. The first statistic uses all unbiased estimators, but may produce values outside the [0,1] int...