cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The bad guys are using it, are you?

From Occupy Wall Street to 2011 England riots to Arab Spring to Mumbai 26/11 to the ethnic cleansing rumors in India and increasingly used by pedophiles, social media is a very powerful tool for pedophiles, troublemakers, criminals and even terrorists to target individuals and even to go against the establishment. On the other hand, social media can save lives in a disaster, and its a natural extension of community policing or engagement. Community engagement is a must-have strategy for any public safety and security agency. However, this strategy requires the removal of stovepipe processes and systems within an agency, allowing better process integration and information sharing, thereby offering improved services to all stakeholders. Improved information sharing within an agency is also a stepping stone towards cross-agency information sharing. Criminal and terrorist organizations do not follow and do not commit crimes and terrorism based on how public safety and security agencies are structured. They commit crimes based on maximum returns, be they financial ideological or to instill fear. This is why information sharing or intelligence fusion is crucial across agencies especially with more illicit use of technologies and social media by the ‘bad guys’.
Does a Minority of Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Receive Formal Diet Advice

BACKGROUND Diet therapies may be recommended for pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). However, little is known about the frequency with which diet therapy is recommended in FGIDs. Our aims were to determine and contrast the frequency and types of diet recommendations provided to children with FGIDs by pediatric gastroenterologists (PGIs) versus primary care pediatricians (PCPs). METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed using data from a large, metropolitan children's academic healthcare system to identify subjects meeting Rome IV criteria for functional abdominal pain, functional dyspepsia, irritable-bowel syndrome (IBS), and/or abdominal migraine over a period of 23 months. RESULTS Of 1929 patient charts reviewed, 268 were included for further analyses. Of these, 186 patients (69%) were seen by a PGI and 82 (31%) by a PCP. The most common diagnosis was IBS (49% for PGIs and 71% for PCPs). Diet recommendations were provided to 115 (43%) patients (PGI group: 86 [75%] vs PCP group: 29 [25%]; P < .1). The most frequent recommendations were high fiber (PGI: 15%; PCP: 14%) and low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) diet (PGI: 12%; PCP: 4%). Of those provided with diet recommendations, only 20% (n = 23) received an educational consult by a dietitian. Provision of diet recommendations was not affected by years in practice. CONCLUSION Despite increasing awareness of the role of diet in the treatment of childhood FGIDs, a minority of patients receive diet recommendations in tertiary care or primary care settings. When diet recommendations were given, there was great variability in the guidance provided.
Utilization of computed tomography in temporal bone fractures at a large level I trauma center

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To identify which patients with temporal bone fractures who have already undergone trauma pan-scan computed tomography (CT) do not require an additional dedicated temporal bone CT. To determine the added cost of dedicated temporal bone CT in a lower-risk group of patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS A chart review was conducted of adult patients at a large level I trauma center with temporal bone fractures who underwent both trauma pan-scan CT and dedicated temporal bone CT. Patients were risk stratified into lower- and higher-risk groups based on imaging and physical exam findings. Imaging findings regarding five critical anatomic structures were compared between the two types of CT scans. RESULTS There were 180 patients who met inclusion criteria, with 120 patients stratified to the lower-risk group. The negative predictive values of trauma pan-scan CT within the lower-risk group for fracture involvement with the five critical anatomic structures were as follows: otic capsule (1.000), carotid canal (0.960), facial nerve canal (1.000), ossicular chain (0.992), and tegmen (0.856). The annual out-of-pocket cost to patients for dedicated temporal bone CT imaging in the lower-risk group was estimated to be approximately $34,000, for a total of $190,000 during the complete study period. CONCLUSIONS Trauma pan-scan CT may be sufficient in lower-risk patients to identify temporal bone fracture involvement with critical anatomic structures of the temporal bone. Reductions in dedicated temporal bone imaging will decrease both radiation exposure to trauma patients and strain on radiology departments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E278-E282, 2021.
Exploring Community-Engaged Scholarship: Insights and Questions for HRD:

The ProblemHigher education, including human resource development (HRD) programs, faces increasing public scrutiny for being out of touch with issues and concerns facing local and global communitie...
State Securities Enforcement

Each year, state securities regulators bring over twice the enforcement actions brought by the Securities and Exchange Commission, yet their work is largely missing from the literature. This Article provides an institutional account of state securities enforcement and identifies two key advantages—detection granularity and institutional decentralization—that states enjoy over their federal counterparts in policing localized frauds involving individual, often small-dollar, victims. Although states share enforcement jurisdiction with the SEC and DOJ, their enforcement activity reflects their institutional advantages and constraints and thus largely does not overlap with that of federal authorities. Instead, states serve as the nation’s residual securities enforcers, policing local misconduct that federal authorities or private plaintiffs largely do not. The states’ work as residual securities enforcers should thus guide state and federal authorities as they cooperate and complement each other’s enforcement missions. And given the need for local investor protection, proposals around national securities policy should bolster that work or, at the least, mitigate negative impacts on it.
Understanding the Role of Knowledge in Advance Care Planning Engagement.

Abstract Context Advance care planning remains underutilized. A better understanding of the role of education in promoting engagement is needed. Objectives To examine advance care planning knowledge and its relationship to engagement in middle-aged and older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized baseline data from 921 participants age ≥55 years enrolled in the STAMP randomized controlled trial, including a knowledge scale consisting of seven questions regarding the purpose and mechanisms of advance care planning and measures of participation. Results Only 11.9% of participants answered all 7 questions correctly, and 25.6% of participants answered ≤3 correctly (defined as “low knowledge”). Low knowledge was independently associated with male gender (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5, 3.0), non-white race (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.2), older age (OR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4), lower income (OR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.1), and lower education level (OR 2.9, 95% CI: 2.0, 4.1). Higher knowledge was independently associated with communicating with a loved one about quality versus quantity of life (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.4) and with living will completion (OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.5), but not with healthcare agent assignment. Factors including race and education remained associated with engagement after accounting for knowledge. Conclusion Knowledge deficits regarding advance care planning are common and associated with the same sociodemographic factors linked to other healthcare disparities. While improving knowledge is an important component of intervention, it is unlikely sufficient in and of itself to increase engagement.
From Heideggerian Industrial Gigantism to Nanoscale Technologies

As a regular reader of Science, Scientific American, Nature and The Eonomist, I could not miss how so many articles in these science-technology journals refer to micro-processing, which today dominates so much science-praxis. I have become aware that how science happens, changes primarily with a wide context of instrument changes. That is what this paper is about. Heidegger’s technologies were largely Industrial-Big, Machinic, and Mechanical. Science, today often a leader, is now operating by using micro-nano processes and has often shifted to biological and medical sciences, marking a change in how science operates. This has significant consequences for how we should think about the “transcendental” and the “empirical” in philosophy of technology.
Role of NRF2 in immune modulator expression in developing lung.

After birth, the alveolar epithelium is exposed to environmental pathogens and high O2 tensions. The alveolar type II cells may protect this epithelium through surfactant production. Surfactant protein, SP-A, an immune modulator, is developmentally upregulated in fetal lung with surfactant phospholipid synthesis. Herein, we observed that the redox-regulated transcription factor, NRF2, and co-regulated C/EBPβ and PPARγ, were markedly induced during cAMP-mediated differentiation of cultured human fetal lung (HFL) epithelial cells. This occurred with enhanced expression of immune modulators, SP-A, TDO2, AhR, and NQO1. Like SP-A, cAMP induction of NRF2 was prevented when cells were exposed to hypoxia. NRF2 knockdown inhibited induction of C/EBPβ, PPARγ, and immune modulators. Binding of endogenous NRF2 to promoters of SP-A and other immune modulator genes increased during HFL cell differentiation. In mouse fetal lung (MFL), a developmental increase in Nrf2, SP-A, Tdo2, Ahr, and Nqo1 and decrease in Keap1 occurred from 14.5 to 18.5 dpc. Developmental induction of Nrf2 in MFL was associated with increased nuclear localization of NF-κB p65, a decline in p38 MAPK phosphorylation, increase in the MAPK phosphatase, DUSP1, induction of the histone acetylase, CBP, and decline in the histone deacetylase, HDAC4. Thus, together with surfactant production, type II cells protect the alveolar epithelium through increased expression of NRF2 and immune modulators to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress. Our findings further suggest that lung cancer cells have usurped this developmental pathway to promote immune tolerance and enhance survival.
Eye of a Rook

Josephine Taylor’s Eye of a Rook is a novel about vulvodynia. Yes, that’s right - a novel – not a memoir, not a self-help book, but a work of fiction, a work of fiction that’s full of truth. The ch...
Nucleation of voids at Li-metal–ceramic–electrolyte interfaces

Electrical currents that are locally concentrated due to spatially variable interface resistance at the lithium-metal–ceramic–electrolyte interface can lead to the nucleation of voids. The Gibbs free energy barrier to nucleation is derived in terms of the electrochemical driving force, which favors, and the interfacial energies, which oppose the development of an embryo, the first step in the formation of a void. Nucleation can be suppressed by low values of the area-specific resistance (ASR) of the cell, and by chemical design of the interface that produces a high value for the contact angle. It is proposed that void nucleation is the precursor to the formation of dendrites.
Comparison Analysis of Primary Ligand Binding Sites in Seven-Helical Membrane Proteins

Seven-helix transmembrane proteins, including the G-protein coupled receptors, mediate a broad range of fundamental cellular activities through binding to a wide range of ligands. Understanding the structural basis for the ligand-binding selectivity of these proteins is of significance to their structure-based drug design. Comparison analysis of proteins' ligand binding sites provides a useful way to study their structure-activity relationships. Various computational methods have been developed for the binding site comparison of soluble proteins. In this work, we applied this approach to the analysis of the primary ligand-binding sites of 92 seven-helix transmembrane proteins. Results of the studies confirmed that the binding site of bacterial rhodopsins is indeed different from all G-protein coupled receptors. In the latter group, further comparison of the binding sites indicated a group of residues that could be responsible for ligand-binding selectivity and important for structure-based drug design. Further, unexpected binding site dissimilarities were observed among adrenergic and adenosine receptors, suggesting that the percentage of the overall sequence identity between a target protein and a template protein alone is not sufficient for selecting the best template for homology modeling of seven-helix membrane proteins. These results provided novel insight into the structural basis of ligand-binding selectivity of seven-helix membrane proteins and are of practical use to the computational modeling of these proteins.
Yale University Department of Statistics

This history borrows extensively from a very complete and affectionate history of the department in 1963–2000 written by Barbara (Amato) Kuslan available at stat.yale.edu.
EL CLUB DE LA MODERNIDAD. PARA PERSONAS REACIAS A LA RELIGIÓN Y, ESPECIALMENTE, PARA LOS REACIOS AL CRISTIANISMO

El autor se pregunta por el sentido de la religion en nuestro mundo, en la Modernidad. Nuestro mundo —el moderno— se caracteriza por la libertad en el nucleo del ser humano, la razon critica como el arbitro de lo que hay que afirmar o no, y la historia, el proceso, el dinamismo visto en el corazon de la vida humana y la sociedad. Pero, mas que nada, la Modernidad mundializada siente una creciente necesidad de estar en dialogo con quienes piensan de modo diferente a nosotros. Esta necesidad de dialogo nos interpela agudamente cuando, como en el caso de la religion, el dialogo debe versar sobre cuestiones cruciales en la comprension que el ser humano tiene de si mismo y de su entorno.
A distributed route-selection scheme for establishing real-time channels

To guarantee the delivery of real-time messages before their deadline, a real-time channel or connection must be established before the transmission of any real-time messages. During this channel establishment phase, one must first select a route between the source and destination of this channel and then reserve sufficient resources along this route so that the end-to-end delay over the selected route may not exceed the user-specified delay bound.
Colloquium: Physical approaches to DNA sequencing and detection

With the continued improvement of sequencing technologies, the prospect of genome-based medicine is now at the forefront of scientific research. To realize this potential, however, a revolutionary sequencing method is needed for the cost-effective and rapid interrogation of individual genomes. This capability is likely to be provided by a physical approach to probing DNA at the single-nucleotide level. This is in sharp contrast to current techniques and instruments that probe (through chemical elongation, electrophoresis, and optical detection) length differences and terminating bases of strands of DNA. Several physical approaches to DNA detection have the potential to deliver fast and low-cost sequencing. Central to these approaches is the concept of nanochannels or nanopores, which allow for the spatial confinement of DNA molecules. In addition to their possible impact in medicine and biology, the methods offer ideal test beds to study open scientific issues and challenges in the relatively unexplored area at the interface between solids, liquids, and biomolecules at the nanometer length scale. This Colloquium emphasizes the physics behind these methods and ideas, critically describes their advantages and drawbacks, and discusses future research opportunities in the field.
Fluorogenic cyclooctapeptides and metal ion sensing.

Introduction Optical sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions have wide applications in environmental chemistry, and are directly relevant for the development of a more accurate and rapid identification of harmful metal ions in the environment. Although the design of chemical sensors for such metal ions has been reported [1,2] we are especially interested in developing cyclopeptide-based motifs for selective metal ion binding and sensing. Recent studies have shown that a model acidic cyclopeptide, c[D-Glu-Glu-D-Glu-Glu-D-Leu-Leu-D-Leu-Trp], (CP1), exhibited selective binding and specific fluorescent responses towards some divalent transition metal ions among the surveyed alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions [3]. The present study was undertaken to develop a better understanding of the underlying bimolecular interactions between cyclooctapeptides with acidic groups, (CP1) and c[Glu-D-Leu-Glu-D-Leu-Glu-D-Leu-D-Glu-D-Trp] (CP2), or sulfur containing residues, c[D-Leu-Leu-D-Phe-Met-D-His-Met-D-His-Lys(Dansyl)], (CP3), with Hg, Pb and Cd. We report here the thermodynamic parameters for the interactions between these cyclopeptides with these metal ions as determined by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC). In order to evaluate the signal transduced upon peptide-metal ion interactions, the fluorescence emission spectral changes following titration of the cyclopeptide with these metal ions was compared. Standard Stern-Volmer formalism and the dependence of fluorescence intensity on quencher concentrations are presented.
Twenty-four-hour intravenous and oral tracer studies with L-[1-13C]-2-aminoadipic acid and L-[1-13C]lysine as tracers at generous nitrogen and lysine intakes in healthy adults.

Background: This is a continuation of investigations of the relations between amino acid kinetics and amino acid dietary requirements in healthy adults. Objective: The aim was to investigate the 24-h pattern and rate of the metabolism of an L-[1- 13 C]]-2-aminoadipic acid ([ 13 C]AAA) tracer and of whole-body L-[1- 13 C]lysine ([ 13 C]lysine) oxidation and balance in healthy. young adults receiving a generous intake of lysine. Design: Thirteen healthy adults were given an adequate. L-amino acid-based diet supplying 77 mg lysine . kg -1 . d -1 for 6 d before the tracer studies. Two subjects received [ 13 C]AAA intravenously and 2 received it orally; 3 subjects received [ 13 C]lysine intravenously and 6 received it orally. We measured 13 CO 2 output, plasma [ 13 C]AAA and [ 13 C]lysine enrichmcnt. and urinary [ 13 C]AAA. Results: [ 13 C]AAA oxidation was estimated to be higher after the orally administered than after the intravenously administer tracer; plasma [ 13 C]AAA was similar to urinary [ 13 C]AAA, Whole-body lysine oxidation showed a rhythm that was induced by meal feeding. The intravenous [ 13 C]lysine tracer gave mean estimates of lysine balances (lysine intake minus oxidation) that apparently were too low (-15.7 mg . kg -1 . d -1 ) or too high (16.6 mg . kg -1 . d -1 , P <0.05 from zero balance) on the basis of urinary [ 13 C]AAA or plasma [ 13 C]lysine estimates of oxidation, respectively. For the orally administered tracer and plasma [ 13 C]lysine enrichment. the mean balance was slightly positive (8.7 mg. kg -1 . d -1 , P < 0.05 from zero). Conclusions: Use of urinary [ 13 C]AAA as an index of the enrichment of the precursor pool did not appear to significantly improve the estimate of the fasting and feeding components of daily lysine balance. For estimates of daily, whole-body lysine oxidation, we propose use of plasma [ 13 C]lysine with a 24-h, orally administered tracer protocol.
Magnetic field effects on the computed flow over a Mars return aerobrake

A numerical algorithm is developed to calculate the electromagnetic phenomena simultaneously with the fluid flow in the shock layer over an axisymmetric blunt body in a thermal equilibrium, chemical nonequilibrium environment. The flowfield is solved using an explicit time-marching, first-order spatially accurate scheme. The electromagnetic phenomena are coupled to the real-gas flow solver through an iterative procedure. The electromagnetic terms introduce a strong stiffness, which was overcome by using significantly smaller time steps for the electromagnetic conservation equation. The technique is applied in calculating the flow over a Mars return aerobrake vehicle entering the Earth's atmosphere. For the case where no external field is applied, the electromagnetic effects have little impact on the flowfield. With the application of an external magnetic field of 0.05 to 0.1 T, the solution indicates an increase in stagnation line shock standoff distance, wall pressure, and radiative heat transfer and a decrease in convective heat transfer.
Rethinking Insurance Coverage of “Experimental” Applied Behavioral Analysis Therapy and Its Usefulness in Combating Autism Spectrum Disorder

Ellie was a beautiful and incredibly smart baby. 1 By the time she was 18 months old, Ellie could speak more than 800 words. 2 Unfortunately, Ellie's bright childhood quickly faded away as she bega...
The Purpose, Benefits, and Challenges of “Check-in” in a Group-work Class

The purpose of this article is to illustrate, through teaching examples and student logs, a technique, called “check-in” routinely used in the author's group-work classes. Check-in is a process where students are invited, in the beginning of each class, to share their struggles, questions, dilemmas, accomplishments, and failures related to their group-work learning. Check-in requires students to listen and offer support, ideas, challenges, and guidance to each other. The goal of check-in is to help students develop their group-work skills and knowledge. Integrating democratic teaching practice with group stage development theory, particularly beginnings and middles, this article explores the process, complexities, and skills inherent in the check-in process. Implications for group-work practice skills are discussed.
Electronic Brainstorming Research and its Implications for E-Planning

Sharing ideas efficiently and effectively in groups is a challenge groups and teams face on a daily basis. In typical face to face meetings, many factors can serve to inhibit a full sharing of ideas and thus the development of effective decisions and plans. To overcome the limitations of face to face meetings, computer based group decision support systems have been developed to facilitate both idea exchange and evaluation. Evidence suggests that such systems can lead to beneficial outcomes. However, unless they are utilized appropriately, even electronic meetings may not effectively tap the intellectual and creative potential of groups. The authors will critically evaluate the theoretical and practical issues involved in the use of this technology and make recommendations for using electronic systems for e-planning.
CLL cell apoptosis induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: Correlation with lipid solubility and NOS1 dissociation constant

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors induce chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell apoptosis and have potential as CLL therapeutics. We determined the half-maximal concentration (ED(50)) of 22 NOS inhibitors that induced CLL cell death in vitro. There was a direct correlation of the NOS1 (but not NOS2) dissociation constant (K(d)) and the hydrophobicity partitioning coefficient of each NOS inhibitor and its ED(50). NOS inhibitors that bound tightly to CLL cell NOS1 and were hydrophobic potently induced CLL cell death. CLL cell RNA and protein analyses confirmed CLL cell NOS1 expression. Our studies permit the rational selection of NOS inhibitors for testing as CLL therapeutics.
Design and implementation of robot-operated adaptable and modular fixtures

Abstract This paper presents the design issues and hardware implementation for robot-operated automatic modular and adaptable fixtures. Modular fixtures are workholding devices made from stackable self-contained modular elements. Adaptable fixtures provide surface contact with the workpiece and therefore can adapt to the workpiece geometry. These fixtures are shown to have several advantages over conventional fixtures. Issues in modularity and adaptability for workpiece fixturing are discussed for the purpose of evaluating automatic modular fixtures in flexible manufacturing systems. The basic design requirements for robot-operated modular and adaptable fixturing systems are developed and classified into mechanical and operational. Automatic assembly issues such as the use of special mating surfaces, compact actuators for active modules, as well as the importance of communications between the robot manipulator and the modular fixture are discussed. Hardware design and implementation of a shape memory alloy actuated locking module and a discrete conformable surface module are presented. Performance characteristics such as free-play, stiffness and time response were evaluated experimentally for the locking module. Several workpiece geometries are tested on the comformable surface module.
Family Structure and Music as a Model of Dyadic Behavior

The current study theorized that adult children from noncontinuously intact family structures seek models of dyadic behaviors outside of their home because their family structure lacks the necessary context from which to learn how to behave in a romantic relationship. The present research tested this prediction in two studies. Study 1 surveyed 366 college students from a midwestern university, and Study 2 surveyed 729 college students from a diverse southeastern university. In both studies, participants from noncontinuously intact homes reported risky sexual behaviors, and sexual lyrical content in popular music was able to partially explain the sexual behaviors of participants from divorced, reconstituted families, and never married homes.
THE EXPRESSION OF LIQUID HOLDING RECOVERY IN ULTRAVIOLET‐IRRADIATED ESCHERICHIA COLI REQUIRES A DEFICIENCY IN GROWTH MEDIUM‐DEPENDENT DNA REPAIR

— Ultraviolet (UV) irradiated Escherichia coli K-12 recA cells (but not rec+ cells) show enhanced survival if they are held in buffer prior to plating for viability. To understand the role of the recA mutation in this liquid holding recovery (LHR) phenomenon, we have studied LHR in a temperature sensitive recA 200 mutant. The detection of LHR requires that the irradiated cells be recA when they are plated on growth medium, but the recA deficiency plays no role during liquid holding (LH). We conclude that it is the extreme sensitivity of recA cells in growth medium to unrepaired DNA daughter-strand gaps that magnifies the beneficial effects of the excision repair of DNA lesions during LH. Furthermore, we demonstrate a correlation between a strain's inability to perform growth medium dependent repair and its ability to express LHR. The relative amount of LHR was: recA > recF > lexA > recB > wild type (with the recB and wild-type strains showing negative LHR). Two strains did not show this correlation; the uvrD strain showed less LHR than expected from its UV radiation sensitivity, while the polA strain showed more. The molecular bases for these exceptions are explored.
Latest advances in diagnostic urologic radiology

Abstract This report deals with the experience of performing aspiration biopsies of 139 renal masses, which include 20 renal carcinomas, I abscess, and 118 cysts. The argument in favor of following urography by cyst aspiration on an outpatient basis in those patients believed to represent cysts of the kidney is developed and offered as the logical approach in the resolution of most of the problems of renal masses.
High-dose infliximab therapy in Crohn's disease: clinical experience, safety, and efficacy.

Background: Inadequate response to infliximab \[IFX] therapy in Crohn’s disease [CD] may necessitate dose intensification. We evaluated safety and efficacy of high-dose IFX [HD IFX\] \[greater than 10mg/kg every 8 weeks\] in CD and characterized predictors of response to HD IFX intensification. Methods: Electronic medical records were queried for CD patients between 2010 and 2012 who received HD IFX and were reviewed for history, medications, laboratory data, efficacy, and safety. Results: In all, 86 patients received HD IFX for CD at doses between 10 and 22.5mg/kg every 4 to 7 weeks. In early HD IFX therapy [week 1–16], 25.8% and 59.1% experienced full and partial response, respectively. In later HD IFX therapy [week 38–100], 27.9% and 34.4% experienced full and partial response, respectively. Median serum IFX levels increased from 1.7 to 7.3µ/mL [ p = 0.017], and median C-reactive protein [CRP] values decreased from 20.5 at baseline to 4.7mg/L after 16 weeks [ p < 0.001]. Baseline CRP values were significantly elevated in the group that responded at 1–16 weeks compared with nonresponders [22.0 vs 3.5mg/L, p < 0.01]. HD IFX therapy was discontinued in 26% and 7.3% of patients for inadequate response and adverse events, respectively. Eleven cases of infection required hospitalization for a serious infection rate of 7.41 events per 100 patient-years. Conclusions: HD IFX therapy may benefit CD patients who have failed standard doses of IFX. HD IFX therapy may be associated with more serious adverse events compared with standard dosing. Baseline CRP value may predict clinical response to HD IFX.
Type II collagen in the early embryonic chick cornea and vitreous: immunoradiochemical evidence.

Abstract The relative proportion of collagen types I and II was examined in early chick corneas and vitrous bodies by radioimmunoprecipitation. Embryos (4–5 days of incubation) were labelled in ovo with 3H-proline. After an additional 1–2 days, corneas and vitreous bodies were removed and the collagen was extracted and treated by limited pepsinization. Then, the labelled collagens were reacted with affinity purified antibodies against collagen types I and II, and the immune complexes precipitated with protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus. In some cases, the precipitated collagen was further analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results for the vitreous showed that greater than 90% of the labelled material precipitated by the antibodies was in type II. In the corneal samples, on the other hand, both types of antibodies precipitated appreciable labelled collagen with somewhat less than half being type II (30–46%). These results are in agreement with our earlier biochemical observations on the relative content of type II collagen in these extracellular matrix-rich structures from embryonic avian eyes.
Processing and Electrochemical Property Characterization of Nanoporous Electrodes for Sustainable Energy Applications

Preparation and electrocatalytic reactions of nanoporous materials in biodegradable fluids were studied. Electrochemical etching was conducted to selectively extract metallic elements from alloys to form porous structures. Electrocatalytic properties of the porous electrodes were characterized. Comparative studies on the electrochemical activities of the nanoporous metallic electrodes with bulk metallic wire catalysts were performed. It is found that the current density at the nanoporous electrode is three times higher than that of the bulk electrode.
SU-E-T-577: Commissioning of a Deterministic Algorithm for External Photon Beams

Purpose: We report commissioning results for a deterministic algorithm for external photon beam treatment planning. A deterministic algorithm solves the radiation transport equations directly using a finite difference method, thus improve the accuracy of dose calculation, particularly under heterogeneous conditions with results similar to that of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Methods: Commissioning data for photon energies 6 – 15 MV includes the percentage depth dose (PDD) measured at SSD = 90 cm and output ratio in water (Spc), both normalized to 10 cm depth, for field sizes between 2 and 40 cm and depths between 0 and 40 cm. Off-axis ratio (OAR) for the same set of field sizes was used at 5 depths (dmax, 5, 10, 20, 30 cm). The final model was compared with the commissioning data as well as additional benchmark data. The benchmark data includes dose per MU determined for 17 points for SSD between 80 and 110 cm, depth between 5 and 20 cm, and lateral offset of up to 16.5 cm. Relative comparisons were made in a heterogeneous phantom made of cork and solid water. Results: Compared to the commissioning beam data, the agreement are generally better than 2% with large errors (up to 13%) observed in the buildup regions of the FDD and penumbra regions of the OAR profiles. The overall mean standard deviation is 0.04% when all data are taken into account. Compared to the benchmark data, the agreements are generally better than 2%. Relative comparison in heterogeneous phantom is in general better than 4%. Conclusion: A commercial deterministic algorithm was commissioned for megavoltage photon beams. In a homogeneous medium, the agreement between the algorithm and measurement at the benchmark points is generally better than 2%. The dose accuracy for a deterministic algorithm is better than a convolution algorithm in heterogeneous medium.
Determination of rubidium in plant materials by atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry

Abstract Atonic absorption spectrophotometry was used to measure small amounts of Rb in the presence of relatively large amounts of K in plant material. Wet digestion with concentrated nitric acid provided good recoveries of Rb. A low temperature propane‐air flame and‐ a supporting electrolyte of IN HNO3 + 500 ppm Cs + 1000 ppm La were used to eliminate chemical and physical interferences of variable components of different plant parts and different plant species. Rb was measured in wild plant species from the Sacramento Valley, California and in cotton plants grown within the San Joaquin Valley, California.
Using entertainment media to inform student affairs teaching and practice related to student development theory

This chapter sets a context for the use of student development theory in student affairs work, summarizes several prominent theories, and offers examples of how the entertainment media can be used to facilitate understanding of these theories by both graduate and undergraduate students.
Novel genetic variant associated with substance use in two independent populations

differed in critical and dynamicways frommen’s, providing insight into addressing gender-related health disparities. The higher prevalence of non-violent offenses and increased comorbidities of women, especially treatable substance use disorders, supports alternatives to incarceration strategies. Interventions for HIV+ CJ populations should be gender-specific to effectively align health and justice goals. Financial support: Fundingwas throughaBristolMyers-Squibb Virology Fellows Award (JM) and career development grants from NIDA (K23 DA033858 JM, F31 DA035709 JC, K24 DA017072 FA). The funding sources played no role in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation.
The phosphorylase system of the silkmoth, Hyalophora cecropia

Abstract 1. 1. Phosphorylase activity in the fat body increased slowly from the initiation of adult development to the sixteenth day and then rose sharply to a maximum at Day 5 of adult life. 2. 2. Corpus cardiacum extracts that were active on cockroach material were without effect on the silkmoth fat body phosphorylase. 3. 3. Phosphorylase in the fat body was activated by phosphorylase kinase. 4. 4. During incubation of adult fat body there was a decrease in active phosphorylase although total phosphorylase activity remained constant, suggesting the action of phosphorylase phosphatase. 5. 5. All tissues examined could transform inactive to active phosphorylase.
Measurement of the Refractive Index of Lucite by Recoilless Resonance Absorption

A method of frequency-modulating a monochromatic electromagnetic wave by varying the optical path length between the source and detector is described. The method has been applied to the measurement of the refractive index of Lucite for the 0.86 A radiation emitted from ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$; the small frequency shift was detected by recoilless resonance absorption. The refractive index was found to be $1\ensuremath{-}n=(1.29\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$, in agreement with classical theory.
In vivo multiphoton fluorescence imaging: a novel approach to oral malignancy.

Author(s): Wilder-Smith, Petra; Osann, Kathryn; Hanna, Nevine; El Abbadi, Naglaa; Brenner, Matt; Messadi, Diana; Krasieva, Tatiana | Abstract: Background and objectiveCurrent techniques for oral diagnosis require surgical biopsy of lesions, and may fail to detect early malignant change. Non-invasive, sensitive tools providing early detection of oral cancer and a better understanding of malignant change are needed. These studies evaluated in vivo multiphoton excited fluorescence (MPM) techniques to (1) map epithelial and subepithelial changes through out oral carcinogenesis and (2) serve as an effective diagnostic modality.Study design/materials and methodsIn the hamster model (n = 70), epithelial and subepithelial change was imaged in vivo throughout carcinogenesis. MPM- and histopathology-based diagnoses on a scale of 0 (healthy)-6 (squamous cell carcinoma [s.c.c.]) were scored by two pre-standardized investigators.ResultsCollagen matrix and fibers, cellular infiltrates, blood vessels, and microtumors were clearly visible. MPM agreed with the histopathology for 88.6% of diagnoses.ConclusionsIn vivo MPM images provide (1) high resolution information on specific components of the carcinogenesis process (2) an excellent basis for oral diagnostics.
Caudillos in Spanish America, 1800-1850

Part 1 Caudillos structures: precursors and premonitions independence - nursery of caudillos the new rulers caudillo state, nation state the necessary gendarme. Part 2 Caudillos careers: Juan Manuel de Rosas - Argentina 1829-1852 Jose Antonio Paez - Venezuela 1830-1850 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna - Mexico 1821-1855 Rafael Carrera - Guatemala 1837-1865 the caudillo tradition in Spanish America.
Sensory evoked potentials: a system for clinical testing and patient monitoring

There is increasing interest in the use of averaged sensory evoked potentials for diagnostic testing and patient monitoring. This testing technique offers an opportunity to obtain information on function in the central nervous system and can be used in uncooperative and comatose patients. However, in the clinical situation background noise is often high, due for example to posturing by the patient, and even with extensive signal averaging it can be difficult to determine whether a response is present. This paper describes a data acquisition technique we have implemented for patient testing in the intensive care unit and the operating room to facilitate analysis of the responses. The averaging system delivers the stimulus in the middle of the data window, providing a pre-stimulus control interval from which to estimate residual background noise in the average. In addition, two averages are formed simultaneously to determine reproducibility of the response. This technique has been modified to provide a method of continuous monitoring that allows rapid detection of large changes in the response plus automatic tracking of selected response peak parameters.
Spherical Primary Optical Telescope (SPOT): A Cost-effective Space Telescope Architecture

This paper summarizes efforts underway at the Goddard Space Flight Center to demonstrate a new type of space telescope architecture that builds on the rigid, segmented telescope heritage of the James Webb Space Telescope but that solves several key challenges for future space telescopes. The architecture is based on a cost-effective segmented spherical primary mirror combined with a unique wavefront sensing and control system that allows for continuous phasing of the primary mirror. The segmented spherical primary allows for cost-effective 3-meter class (e.g., Midex and Discovery) missions as well as enables 30-meter telescope solutions that can be manufactured in a reasonable amount of time and for a reasonable amount of money. The continuous wavefront sensing and control architecture enables missions in low-earth-orbit and missions that do not require expensive stable structures and thermal control systems. For the 30-meter class applications, the paper discusses considerations for assembling and testing the telescopes in space. The paper also summarizes the scientific and technological roadmap for the architecture and also gives an overview of technology development, design studies, and testbed activities underway to demonstrate its feasibility
Relation of mental ability to preference for varying rates of auditory stimulation

Preferences for varying rates of auditory stimulation were compared for three groups: (a) older Ss of average IQ, (b) younger Ss of average IQ, and (c) older retarded Ss. All possible pairs of eight different auditory rates, consisting of differing numbers of tones per 10-sec period, were presented. Younger Ss of average IQ showed a greater preference for the highest rates of stimulation than the older Ss. Preferences of older retardates were more similar to younger Ss.
Deterministic and Stochastic Evaluation of Criticality Excursion Power Bursts

The utility of stochastic point kinetics theory has been demonstrated through the examination of a criticality excursion in a supercritical system. It has been found that a deterministic point kinetics model underpredicts the excursion maximum energy release by up to two orders of magnitude with respect to a counterpart stochastic model. This potentially large underprediction shows that neutron population fluctuations play an important role in the evolution of that system. This work provides a review of the formalism and approximations used to arrive at this conclusion. To broaden the result's applicability, we relax several approximations, leading to the construction of new, nonanalytical expressions. We compare the two sets of results using local sensitivity analysis, which also allows us to assess the impact of potential uncertainties in included model parameters or data. This comparison (presented also for a 235 U system) also proves useful in assessing the validity of the approximations under consideration.
Multi-zone dispersal analysis by element assembly

Abstract An element-assembly formulation of multi-zone contaminant dispersal theory that is not limited to the well-mixed zone idealization is described. In this approach flow systems are idealized as assemblages of elements that model specific instances of contaminant mass transport within a system. A general form and specific examples of element equations are presented. The process of assembling these element equations to form system equations and the qualitative character of the resulting system equations is discussed. Solutions options are outlined, examples of application are presented, and one implementation of the theory, the CONTAM family of programs developed at NBS, is briefly described.
Ethylene production as a possible indicator of wound healing in roots of several sweet potato cultivars

Fleshy roots of 18 sweet potato cultivars were wounded and cured for 12 days. Significant differences were found between cultivars for ethylene production, cell lignification, and wound periderm formation. Average ethylene production, the number of days ethylene was produced, or the day of peak ethylene production showed nonsignificant and low (r2=0.40) correlations with cell lignification or wound periderm formation; however, multiple regression analysis indicated statistically significant and moderate correlations between selected daily ethylene production and cell lignification (r2=0.74) and wound periderm formation (r2=0.73). These observations suggest that measurement of ethylene produced by wounded sweet potato roots may be useful in helping screen large numbers of sweet potato breeding lines and their progeny for the ability to produce lignified and wound periderm cell layers. Wound healing, however, is only one aspect of good storage capability in sweet potato cultivars.
Comparison of the effects of the mother and an unfamiliar adult female on cortisol and behavioral responses of pre- and postweaning guinea pigs.

In the guinea pig, the presence of the mother, but not littermates, has been found to inhibit hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses during brief (30-60 min) exposure to novel surroundings both prior to and several weeks following the completion of weaning. In the present study, we found that an unfamiliar adult female inhibited plasma cortisol and vocalization responses of pre- and postweaning guinea pigs during a 60-min exposure to a novel environment. However, the presence of the mother still had a greater effect on the cortisol levels of the young, at least during the preweaning period. The moderating influence of the unfamiliar adult female on vocalizations and cortisol levels occurred despite behavioral interactions, such as heightened aggression and sexual behavior, not seen during tests with the mother. It is suggested that the unfamiliar adult female's effectiveness in reducing HPA activity during exposure to novelty may facilitate the change in patterns of social interaction occurring in recently weaned animals.
THE EFFECTS OF MESSAGE INTRODUCTION, MESSAGE STRUCTURE, AND VERBAL ORGANIZING ABILITY UPON LEARNING OF MESSAGE INFORMATION

This study focused primarily upon Ausubel's advance organizer concept as a relatively abstract message introduction. Subsumption theory suggests that the advance organizer should be superior in learning effects to an introduction of message main points and that the advance organizer should interact with message structure and verbal organizing ability. This study found no overall advance organizer superiority to other introduction conditions. However, simple interactions, which were analyzed to interpret a significant three-way interaction on one of two dependent variables, provided qualified support for first-order interaction hypotheses. These hypotheses predicted that the superiority of an advance organizer to other introduction conditions would be greater for a low-structure message than for a high-structure message and greater for low-ability subjects than for high-ability subjects. They also included a prediction that the superiority of a high-structure message to a low-structure message would be greater for high-ability subjects than for low-ability subjects. Analysis of serial position effects indicated primacy in recall under high-structure message conditions.
Effect of certain tocopherols and other antioxidants on the utilization of β-carotene for vitamin A storage☆

Abstract 1. 1. As did α-tocopherol, high doses of γ-tocopherol or α-tocopheryl acetate diminished the storage of vitamin A in the livers and kidneys of rats fed moderate amounts of β-carotene. γ-Tocopherol was nearly equal to α-tocopherol while α-tocopheryl acetate was somewhat more active than the free vitamin. Hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, and diamylhydroquinone failed to increase the activity of α-tocopherol, but diamylhydroquinone itself slightly depressed the storage of vitamin A. 2. 2. When preformed vitamin A was fed, tissue stores of the vitamin were not affected adversely by any of the antioxidants. 3. 3. The maximum concentration of tocopherol in the intestinal wall was observed 5 hr. after the ingestion of free α-tocopherol and 8 hr. after the ingestion of α-tocopheryl acetate. The amounts found at these times were, however, quite similar.