cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Studies on the Interaction of Bacteriophage Type 71 Staphylococcal Bacteriocin with Susceptible Bacteria

Kinetic studies on the interaction of the bacteriocin produced by phage type 71 Staphylococcus aureus with susceptible bacterial cells were undertaken. Survivors among susceptible bacteria to which the bacteriocin has been added can be rescued after trypsin treatment. The bacteriocin adsorbs very rapidly to susceptible streptococcal cells at a time when killing of the cells is only minimal. Heat-killed or mechanically disrupted cells are also effective in adsorbing the bacteriocin. Adsorption is comparable at 37 C and 25 C, but is less pronounced at 4 C. Elution of adsorbed bacteriocin could not be achieved by heating, by varying pH, or by using different concentrations of sodium chloride solutions. Surface M protein of streptococcal cells plays no role in the adsorptive process. Adsorption is specific in that only susceptible bacteria, but not resistant ones, are capable of adsorbing the bacteriocin.
An image analysis method to quantify the lateral pivot shift test

Purpose Although various kinematic measurements with advanced technology have been used for quantitative evaluation of the pivot shift test, there is no clinically available quantification method of the pivot shift test. The purpose was to describe a novel image analysis technique for quantitative assessment of the pivot shift test using universally available and affordable devices.
Mach-Zehnder Interferometry in a Strongly Driven Superconducting Qubit

We demonstrate Mach-Zehnder-type interferometry in a superconducting flux qubit. The qubit is a tunable artificial atom, the ground and excited states of which exhibit an avoided crossing. Strongly driving the qubit with harmonic excitation sweeps it through the avoided crossing two times per period. Because the induced Landau-Zener transitions act as coherent beamsplitters, the accumulated phase between transitions, which varies with microwave amplitude, results in quantum interference fringes for n = 1 to 20 photon transitions. The generalization of optical Mach-Zehnder interferometry, performed in qubit phase space, provides an alternative means to manipulate and characterize the qubit in the strongly driven regime.
Sand sheet dynamics and Quaternary landscape evolution of the Selima Sand Sheet, southern Egypt

Abstract The Selima Sand Sheet occupies more than 120,000 km 2 of the hyperarid, uninhabited Darb el-Arba’in Desert centered at the border of Egypt and Sudan at latitude 22° N, and is characterized by a featureless surface of lag granules and fine sand broken only by widely separated dune fields and giant ripples of varying height and wavelength. Monitoring of the largest of these chevron-shaped ripples using repeat orbital images and field surveys indicates migration rates of 500–1000 m/yr, accompanied by 0–2.0 cm erosion or deposition of the youngest sand sheet stratigraphic units. Beneath this active surface, several developmental stages of sand sheet sediments have undulatory upper contacts and varying degrees of pedogenic alteration. The younger stages retain their horizontal lamination and have cracking patterns indicative of past wetter conditions, while older stages have lost their laminar structure through pedogenesis. Historical remains in the desert as well as 14 C and Uranium-series dating indicate that the younger strata of the sand sheet have a very low accumulation rate, despite the active movement of the surface. The lower strata were extensively modified during mid and late Pleistocene pluvials, resulting in an initial undulatory surface that set the stage for later accumulation of sand sheet. Below these Quaternary sediments lies irregular topography dissected by channels of mid-Tertiary drainage. The Selima Sand Sheet is neither the result of net aggradation nor degradation, but results from inheritance of an initial fluvial landscape increasingly modified during climatic cycles. Wet periods led to local drainage and deposition, while the increasingly severe arid periods of the late Pleistocene and Holocene resulted in deposition of the blanketing bimodal sediments of the sand sheet.
PEER Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering Methodology, Revisited

A performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) methodology was developed at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center. The method is based on explicit determination of performance, e.g., monetary losses, in a probabilistic manner where uncertainties in earthquake ground motion, structural response, damage, and losses are explicitly considered. There is an increasing trend towards use of probabilistic performance-based design (PPBD) methods in practice. Therefore, the International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib) initiated a task group to disseminate PPBD methods. This article is a contribution to this task group summarizing and demonstrating the PEER PBEE methodology in a useful manner to practicing engineers.
Spirituality, Sacrifice, and Relationship Quality for Expectant Cohabitors

Given negative effects of cohabitation, we examine negative (ambivalence, conflict) and positive (commitment, satisfaction) relationship quality, as explained by perceptions of ease of relational sacrifices and spirituality, for unmarried cohabitors expecting their first child (46 individuals). Controlling for race/ethnicity and education, perceived ease of relational sacrifice was associated with greater satisfaction and lower ambivalence and conflict, whereas spirituality was not associated with any of the relationship quality variables. Examined together, greater ease of relational sacrifice and higher spirituality were associated with greater commitment and satisfaction and lower ambivalence and conflict. Given that many studies of cohabitation focus on demographic factors and that many studies of spirituality focus on married couples, the current study expands knowledge regarding relationship quality for nontraditional couples.
Uncommon presentation of an intradiploic orbital epidermoid tumor: case report

Epidermoid tumors are uncommon entities that usually occur intradurally in the cerebellopontine angle and parasellar cisterns. The few cases that have been reported to occur in the intraorbital location involve patients in the first four decades of life. To our knowledge, an elderly person presenting with an orbital epidermoid tumor has never been reported. A 67-year-old man presented with left-sided headache and eye pain. He was found to have a hemorrhagic lesion eroding bone of the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid that was compressing the frontal and temporal lobes and displacing the globe. Significant edema of the frontal lobe was noted. Aggressive surgical excision was performed with cranioplasty and orbital reconstruction. Near resolution of the patient’s proptosis and eye pain was achieved. Histologic analysis revealed the lesion to be an epidermoid tumor. Hemorrhage into a growing intradiploic orbital epidermoid and surrounding frontal lobe edema created an unusual presentation of this rarely occurring entity in an elderly man. Surgical excision allowed appropriate histologic diagnosis and resolution of symptoms. Epidermoid tumor is a rare but possible entity in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients presenting with acute ocular pain and proptosis.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes: Kinetic Properties at High Enzyme Concentrations

The kinetic properties of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes have been determined at high enzyme concentrations. Spectrophotofluorometric assays revealed that the extent of substrate inhibition of LDH-1 and LDH-5 depends on enzyme concentration. At high enzyme concentrations, in the range of those that exist in most mammalian cells, no inhibition by pyruvate occurred. Pyruvate concentrations up to and including 20.0 millimoles per liter were used for each isozyme at 25 degrees and 40 degrees C at pH 7.0 and 7.4. These results suggest that substrate inhibition of LDH may not occur in vivo but only in vitro after appreciable dilution from physiologic enzyme concentrations. These experiments provide further evidence against the theory that substrate inhibition of LDH-1 in vivo accounts for the distribution of LDH isozymes within various tissues. They raise the possibility that, for other enzymes, kinetic properties determined at highly dilute concentrations in vitro may also be quite different from kinetic properties at the much higher concentrations that exist in vivo.
Global attractivity of periodic solutions in a higher order difference equation

Abstract Consider the following higher order difference equation with periodic coefficients: x n + 1 = a n x n + F ( n , x n − k ) , n = 0 , 1 , … , where { a n } is a periodic sequence in ( 0 , 1 ] with period p and a n ≢ 1 , F ( n , x ) : { 0 , 1 , … } × [ 0 , ∞ ) → ( 0 , ∞ ) is a continuous function in x and a periodic function in n with period p , and k is a nonnegative integer. We obtain a sufficient condition such that every positive solution of the equation converges to a positive periodic solution. Applications to some difference equations derived from mathematical biology are also given.
15-LOX-1 inhibits p21 (Cip/WAF 1) expression by enhancing MEK-ERK1/2 signaling in colon carcinoma cells

Abstract Currently, some controversy exists regarding the precise role of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) in colorectal carcinogenesis and other aspects of cancer biology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 15-LOX-1 on p21 (Cip/WAF 1) expression and growth regulation in human colon carcinoma cells. The effect of 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE), a product of 15-LOX-1, on p21 (Cip/WAF 1) expression was evaluated in Caco-2 cells treated with sodium butyrate (NaBT) and/or nordihydroguaiarectic acid (NDGA), a LOX inhibitor. The effect of transfecting HCT-116 cells with 15-LOX-1 was also examined. NaBT-induced p21 (Cip/WAF 1) expression was enhanced by treatment with NDGA and 13-S-HODE reversed NaBT-induced p21 (Cip/WAF 1) expression in Caco-2 cells. Overexpression of 15-LOX-1 induced extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation, decreased p21 (Cip/WAF 1) expression, and increased HCT-116 cell growth. Treatment with NDGA decreased ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, and increased p21 (Cip/WAF 1) expression in 15-LOX-1 overexpressing HCT-116 cells. Our experimental results support the hypothesis that 15-LOX-1 may have “pro-neoplastic” effects during the development of colorectal cancer.
Genetic system for reversible integration of DNA constructs and lacZ gene fusions into the Escherichia coli chromosome.

Abstract A plasmid system for site-specific integration into and excision and recovery of gene constructs and lacZ gene fusions from the Escherichia coli chromosome was developed. Plasmid suicide vectors utilizing the origin of replication of R6K plasmids and containing the attP sequence of bacteriophage λ, multiple cloning site, and antibiotic resistance markers facilitate reversible integration into the E. coli chromosome by site-specific recombination. Additional vectors permit construction of lacZ gene fusions in three possible reading frames for recombination with the bacterial chromosome. These suicide vectors can be propagated in newly constructed E. coli strains that harbor different pir alleles. Two helper plasmids that encode the necessary gene products for integration (Int) and excision (Int and Xis) were also constructed. This plasmid system was shown to be a reliable and efficient means to integrate and subsequently recover plasmids from the E. coli attB site.
Developmental changes in the hormonal regulation of rat testis Sertoli cell adenylyl cyclase.

The stimulatory effects of FSH on Sertoli cell functions such as cAMP accumulation, protein kinase activation, and RNA and protein synthesis wane during testis maturation. However, FSH receptors increase with age and addition of cAMP stimulates these biochemical events in Sertoli cells from animals of any age. In order to determine if this loss of responsiveness to FSH was due to an inability to stimulate adenylyl cyclase, the hormonal responsiveness of this enzyme was investigated as a function of testicular development. In agreement with intact cell studies, adenylyl cyclase activity was found to be stimulated by FSH 2- to 3-fold in homogenates of testes from immature (5–20 days of age) Sertoli cell-enriched rats, while no stimulation of the enzyme by FSH was observed in similar homogenates from Sertoli cell-enriched animals 20 days of age or older. The possibility of a decrease in enzyme sensitivity to the gonadotropin as a function of maturation was ruled out by dose-response studies. Catalytic ctivit...
The Ecological Strategies of Sea Turtles

By employing concepts such as “option” and “strategy” from game theory, this study derives an ecologically-oriented dendrogram of the probable evolutionary history and the present relationships of sea turtles. An “armored tank” strategy is seen as differentiating the first ancestral testudines from the stem reptiles and providing enduring advantages while simultaneously imposing basic restrictions on all later forms. A “flipper” strategy is postulated as basic to development of the sea turtle line, again imposing limitations while conferring selective advantage. Modern sea turtle species are grouped into three lineages representing strategies of habitat-type resource partitioning (a split-habitat, migratory pattern, a neritic residence pattern, and a pelagic residence pattern). Within the split-habitat, migratory group, further resource-partitioning by food-type separates the herbivorous Chelonia mydas populations from omnivorous Eretmochelys imbricata and the (apparently) carnivorous Chelonia depressa . Herbivory is seen as integral to the split-habitat, migratory strategy and C. mydas is considered the most “traditional” species, with the migratory habit secondarily lost in the other two. At the same time, the enhanced philopatry selected for by the migration strategy is viewed as responsible for the fact that C. mydas seems to have the most active race-formation of the three species. Further habitat-type partitioning in the neritic group, together with food-type partitioning, separates Caretta caretta from the two Lepidochelys species. L. kempi is represented as a consequence of Panamanian separation from L. olivacea following the last establishment of the isthmus as a land barrier. The third, pelagic residence, strategy is represented by Dermochelys coriacea , with little further differentiation of the line. The paper attempts to show that the evolution of sea turtles has been ecologically logical, that most conceivable niches for marine turtles are presently filled successfully, and that some predictions may be made with regard to gaps in our existing information.
Substrate Positioning by Gln239 StimulatesTurnover in Factor Inhibiting HIF, an αKG-Dependent Hydroxylase

Nonheme Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenases catalyze diverse reactions, typically inserting an O atom from O2 into a C–H bond. Although the key to their catalytic cycle is the fact that binding and positioning of primary substrate precede O2 activation, the means by which substrate binding stimulates turnover is not well understood. Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) is a Fe(II)/αKG-dependent oxygenase that acts as a cellular oxygen sensor in humans by hydroxylating the target residue Asn803, found in the C-terminal transactivation domain (CTAD) of hypoxia inducible factor-1. FIH-Gln239 makes two hydrogen bonds with CTAD-Asn803, positioning this target residue over the Fe(II). We hypothesized the positioning of the side chain of CTAD-Asn803 by FIH-Gln239 was critical for stimulating O2 activation and subsequent substrate hydroxylation. The steady-state characterization of five FIH-Gln239 variants (Ala, Asn, Glu, His, and Leu) tested the role of hydrogen bonding potential and sterics near the target residue. Each var...
Silicon, graphite and resin based hard carbon nanocomposite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Abstract Nanocomposite based on graphite (C), silicon (Si) and poly[(o-cresyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] resin based amorphous hard carbon (HC), denoted as Si/C/HC, have been synthesized by thermal treatment of mechanically milled graphite, silicon and resin of nominal composition C–18 wt.% Si–40 wt.% resin at 973 K, 1073 K and 1173 K in ultrahigh purity argon atmosphere. The formation of the electrochemically inactive SiC is bypassed as well as the amorphization kinetics of graphite is reduced during prolonged milling of graphite and Si in the presence of the resin. Microstructural analysis has confirmed that the Si nanoparticle gets embedded, and is homogeneously dispersed and distributed on the graphite matrix after mechanical milling as well as after thermal treatment. Electrochemical studies have revealed that the Si/C/HC based nanocomposite, tested as a lithium ion anode, synthesized after thermal treatment at 1173 K exhibits a stable capacity of ∼640 mAh g−1 with an excellent capacity retention when cycled at a rate of ∼160 mA g−1. The nanocomposite anode also shows a moderate rate capability when cycled at different discharge/charge rates. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicates that the structural integrity and the microstructural stability of the nanocomposite during the alloying/dealloying process contribute to the good cyclability observed in the above nanocomposites.
Concerning the Interactions between Zdol Perfluoropolyether Lubricant and an Amorphous-Nitrogenated Carbon Surface.

The interactions that occur between the hydroxyl-terminated perfluoropolyethers Zdol 2000/4000 and an amorphous-nitrogenated carbon surface (CNx) were studied via surface energy measurements, kinetic measurements, and ab initio calculations. The results of these measurements are compared with those of previous studies on the Zdol/amorphous-hydrogenated carbon (CHx) system and the major differences identified. The thickness dependence of the dispersive surface energy for the Zdol/CNx system can be fit using a repulsive van der Waals potential. Effective Hamaker constants determined for both the Zdol/CNx and Zdol/CHx systems demonstrate that Zdol is less effective at covering CNx as compared to CHx due to less favorable interactions between the Zdol backbone and the CNx surface. The Zdol thickness dependence of the polar surface energy for the Zdol/CNx system indicates that very few strong polar interactions are present between the initially applied Zdol and the CNx surface. A substantial decrease in the po...
Antimicrobial activity of n-6, n-7 and n-9 fatty acids and their esters for oral microorganisms.

Objective This study is to assess the antibacterial activity of omega-6, -7, -9 (n-6, n-7, n-9) fatty acids against various oral microorganisms.
Myotonic dystrophy: opportunities for prenatal prediction.

Prenatal prediction of the inheritance of myotonic dystrophy in a family with affected individuals is feasible in special cases when analysis of linkage to the secretor gene (determining ABH substances) can be carried out. We report a large kindred having multiple members affected with variable degrees of severity of myotonic dystrophy and having several matings for which linkage analysis is feasible. Even though this approach is not applicable for most families and although the process of genetic recombination complicates the analysis, in individual cases the use of linkage in prenatal or postnatal prediction of myotonic dystrophy may be very helpful for early diagnosis, more precise genetic counseling, and family planning.
A portable autonomous multisensory intervention device (PAMID) for early detection of anxiety and agitation in patients with cognitive impairments

The negative behavioral and psychological symptoms (NBPS) seen in patients with cognitive impairment (CI), such as anxiety, agitation and aggression have been reported to be the most problematic for healthcare providers. The consequences of delayed detection of NBPS can be devastating for both patients and caregivers; therefore early detection of symptoms that may lead into NBPS is essential. A proprietary device called portable autonomous multisensory intervention device (PAMID) has been developed to not only wirelessly monitor physiological conditions as a means for early detection of NBPS, but also automatically provide a real-time multisensory intervention to reduce NBPS in patients with CI if thresholds of physiological parameters reflecting the symptoms are detected. This paper outlines the enhancement of PAMID and test results from a pilot study. This device to be developed will have significant applications in the emerging Tele-healthcare systems.
Effects of ovarian hormones on the behavior of captive Macaca fascicularis

To examine the effects of ovarian hormones on the behavior of female Macaca fascicularis and their male partners, daily 1-hr behavior tests were conducted while ovariectomized females were (1) untreated, (2) given estradiol benzoate (EB) (5 μg subcutaneously [s.c.]/day), (3) given estradiol benzoate together with increasing doses of progesterone (P) (5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg. s.c./day), and (4) given testosterone propionate (TP) (0.25 mg s.c./day) (six pairs, 540 tests). Weekly blood samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay for plasma hormone levels (81 samples). Estrogen treatment produced plasma estradiol levels similar to those of intact females during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Additional progesterone at the lowest dose produced plasma progesterone levels similar to or somewhat higher than those during the midluteal phase, while higher doses produced supraphysiological levels. Androgen treatment resulted in plasma levels well above the physiological range. Hormone treatments produced highly significant effects on the sexual, social, and aggressive interactions of the pairs. As in rhesus monkeys, estrogen increased male and female sexual activity, and increasing doses of additional progesterone reversed these effects. Unlike in rhesus monkeys, testosterone propionate increased both female sexual motivation (invitations) and also male sexual activity and ejaculatory performance. The direction of the hormone-dependent changes in grooming and aggressive interactions confirmed earlier results with intact females and indicated that aggressive interactions and male grooming times were highest, and female grooming times were lowest, when copulatory activity was at its height.
The occurrence of angiographically detected intracoronary thrombus in patients with unstable angina pectoris.

Abstract To examine the role of intracoronary thrombus (ICT) in unstable angina, we reviewed the coronary arteriograms of 83 patients with unstable angina (group I) and 37 patients with stable angina (group II) for angiographic evidence of ICT. Group I and group II patients were similar with respect to mean age, presence of single and multiple vessel disease, and past history of myocardial infarction. Group I patients had no ECG or creatine kinase enzyme evidence of acute myocardial infarction. The angiographic criterla for ICT included an intracoronary filling defect, intraluminal staining, and total coronary artery occlusion with convex dye outline. ICT was found in 10 of 83 patients in group I (12.0%) vs 0 of 37 patients in group II ( p
A Stochastic Method for Balancing Item Exposure Rates in Computerized Classification Tests

Computerized classification tests (CCTs) classify examinees into categories such as pass/fail, master/nonmaster, and so on. This article proposes the use of stochastic methods from sequential analy...
Outlook of MOS devices into next century

Silicon MOSFETs have achieved a great success as the primary component of LSIs for 30 years by the downsizing. However, it is predicted that the downsizing will encounter certain limit in the early period of next century. This paper describes about the outlook of future of MOS transistors and LSIs in the next century in terms of its predicted limit and possibility of further evolution.
Depression and Suicidal Ideation in Sexually Abused Children.

Sixty-five sexually abused children were administered the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) following investigation of their abuse to determine the relationship of victims' depression and suicidal ideation with victims' age, post-investigation residence, nature of the abuse, and mothers' belief of victim and compliance with treatment recommendations. Results indicated that older victims were more likely to describe themselves as being depressed. In addition, older victims and those whose mothers were less compliant were more likely to have CDI scores that were above the 90th percentile reported by Smucker, Craighead, Craighead, and Green (1986). Suicidal ideation was more likely in victims who were older, whose mothers were less compliant, who were not removed from their homes, and who had been molested by a family member.
Use of mixed ion exchange resin and the denitrifier method to determine isotopic values of nitrate in atmospheric deposition and canopy throughfall

Abstract The objective of this study was to test a technique that utilizes mixed bed resins and the denitrifier method to determine δ15N and δ18O of nitrate inputs under varying conditions found in the field. Temperature increases and greater loading of nitrogen led to significant increases in δ18O values and longer incubation times led to significant increases in δ15N values, but the changes were relatively small. Results of our study confirm that mixed ion exchange resin can be used to accurately measure natural abundance isotopic values of nitrate in samples of atmospheric deposition and throughfall. However, we also conclude that caution should be applied when using these mixed bed resins in the field if they will be exposed to high temperatures (e.g., >40 °C). This method can increase the feasibility of conducting high density sampling of stable isotopes in atmospheric deposition and canopy throughfall samples with the goal of identifying sources of nitrate, and thus represents an important methodological advance for ecosystem science.
Of gods and men

Burr Cartwright Brundage. The Fifth Sun. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. xiii + 269 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, and index. $14.95.
Temperament-based Learning Styles of Identified Gifted and Nongifted Students.

Learning style preferences of 1,554 students identified as gifted and nongifted students, ages 8 to 17, were measured using the Student Styles Questionnaire (SSQ). Students identified as gifted and nongifted students did not differ significantly on extroverted-introverted, organlzed-flexible, and thinking-feeling styles. Students identified as gifted displayed a stronger preference for imagnative styles, while nongifted children displayed a stronger preference for practical styles. Gender differences were significant. Boys displayed a stronger preference for flexible and thinking styles while girls displayed a stronger preference for organized and feeling styles. Two gifted-by-gendcr interactions also were significant. Compared with boys identified as gifted, girls identified as gifted were more likely to prefer imaginative styles. Furthermore, although boys generally expressed a stronger preference for thinking than feeling, nongifted boys expressed a stronger preference for thinking than did boys identi...
Sulfonamides Versus Salmonella Pullorum in Adult Chickens

Abstract THE remarkable prophylactic and therapeutic value of sulfonamide drugs against certain types of bacterial and protozoan diseases has been amply demonstrated in the domestic fowl. It is not surprising, therefore, that these drugs have been used against pullorum disease by several investigators. Severens, Roberts, and Card (1945) found that certain of the drugs, namely sulfadiazine and sulfamerazine, were quite effective in controlling mortality following the oral inoculation of day-old chicks with broth cultures of S. pullorum, even though feeding of the drugs was delayed for 3 days after inoculation. Similar results have been obtained by Bottorff and Kiser (1947) who fed the drugs for varying periods of time, starting with the day of inoculation. That sulfonamides can be of practical value under field conditions in which the disease has progressed far enough to cause losses and at least the presumptive diagnosis of pullorum disease obtained has been shown by Anderson . . .
Tracking citations and altmetrics for research data: Challenges and opportunities

Editor's Summary Methods for determining research quality have long been debated but with little lasting agreement on standards, leading to the emergence of alternative metrics. Altmetrics are a useful supplement to traditional citation metrics, reflecting a variety of measurement points that give different perspectives on how a dataset is used and by whom. A positive development is the integration of a number of research datasets into the ISI Data Citation Index, making datasets searchable and linking them to published articles. Yet access to data resources and tracking the resulting altmetrics depend on specific qualities of the datasets and the systems where they are archived. Though research on altmetrics use is growing, the lack of standardization across datasets and system architecture undermines its generalizability. Without some standards, stakeholders' adoption of altmetrics will be limited.
Using an intersectional approach to deepen collaborative teaching

The authors use a case study and the theory of intersectionality to expand strategies for collaborative teaching.
BIOASSAY OF THE GROWTH HORMONE OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY

EVIDENCE HAS BEEN ACCUMULATING in favor of the concept that the growth hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary is a separate entity, different from the well established pituitary hormones such as the gonadotropic, lactogenic, thyrotropic and adrenocorticotropic hormones (1, 2). Final proof for the individuality of the growth hormone, however, will only be possible when the active principle is obtained in chemically pure form. For the purification of such a biologically active substance, a satisfactory method of assay is necessary, and the efficiency and specificity of the method is of primary importance. There are difficulties, however, in finding a specific and reliable test object for a hormone that controls a phenomenon as complex as somatic growth. The use of gain in body weight of rats for the determination of the growth hormone potency of pituitary extracts was first described by Evans, et al. (3), and is still being used for assay of growth hormone preparations by almost every investigator in...
Prototype high speed optical delay line for stellar interferometry

The long baselines of the next-generation ground-based optical stellar interferometers require optical delay lines which can maintain nm-level path-length accuracy while moving at high speeds. NASA-JPL is currently designing delay lines to meet these requirements. The design is an enhanced version of the Mark III delay line, with the following key features: hardened, large diameter wheels, rather than recirculating ball bearings, to reduce mechanical noise; a friction-drive cart which bears the cable-dragging forces, and drives the optics cart through a force connection only; a balanced PZT assembly to enable high-bandwidth path-length control; and a precision aligned flexural suspension for the optics assembly to minimize bearing noise feedthrough. The delay line is fully programmable in position and velocity, and the system is controlled with four cascaded software feedback loops. Preliminary performance is a jitter in any 5 ms window of less than 10 nm rms for delay rates of up to 28 mm/s; total jitter is less than 10 nm rms for delay rates up to 20 mm/s.
Construction of posts for teeth with existing restorations.

Abstract Two techniques for construction of posts for pulpless teeth to fit existing restorations have been described. In one technique, part of a paper clip is used as a core to develop the wax pattern for a gold post. In the other, a piece of acrylic resin forms the core for a resin pattern which is subsequently cast in gold. In both instances, the post is adapted to fit an existing crown.
Guidelines for pattern recognition using differential receptors and indicator displacement assays.

A colorimetric sensor array consisting of designed receptors and metal salts was utilized for discrimination of structurally similar carboxylic acid analytes (25−31). For the discrimination, the receptors do not need to have a 1:1 guest−receptor binding stoichiometry. More than 1:1 stoichiometry, such as 1:2 or 2:1, affords useful information for the discrimination. The importance of data preselection and data preprocessing methods prior to principal component analysis is discussed. These methods change a score plot of principal components in a manner that enhances discrimination. Using the higher order stoichiometry, and the preselection as well as preprocessing discussed herein, we found that an addition of only one designed receptor to an array of metal salts can discriminate the structurally similar analytes.
Electromagnetic fields in Khan-Penrose spacetime.

The behavior of test electromagnetic waves on the Khan-Penrose colliding gravitational-wave spacetime is used to probe the nature of the quasiregular singularities present. It is argued that the divergence of stress-energy scalars for most wave modes makes these singularities unstable, converting them into scalar curvature singularities. However, a special subset of modes does not lead to divergence of stress-energy scalars at the singularities. In the presence of such modes the singularities should remain quasiregular in an exact back-reaction calculation, as confirmed in the colliding gravitational- and electromagnetic-wave spacetime of Chandrasekhar and Xanthopoulos.
Reforming Middle Schools: Focus on Continuity, Social Connectedness, and Engagement

This article provides a brief historical context and analysis of current middle school reform efforts to promote student engagement by facilitating social relationships. International comparisons of perceived social climate are presented to assess whether sense of belonging and support are lacking in American schools. Research documenting associations between student engagement and relationships with teachers and fellow students, in turn, sheds light on when and why social connectedness matters. The article concludes with discussion of future reform goals and alternative strategies to foster student engagement by making middle grades more socially supportive.
A fungus in Ectocarpus granulosus C. Agardh near Plymouth.

DURING April and May 1949, Ectocarpus granulosus C. Agardh growing at mean low-water spring tide at Saltstone, which is about 1½ miles up the River Sal, from Salcombe, was heavily infected with a parasitic fungus. The Saltstone habitat is a purely marine one and is sheltered in the river estuary. The Ectocarpus grows attached to small stones and to other algae in the Vaucheria-community. By July most of the Ectocarpus plants had disappeared from the locality.
Transnational organized crime challenges for future research

This essay and review seeks to assess the state of empirical research on transnational organized crime, drawing on a review of the English language academic literature. It identifies major themes and research questions as well as methodological approaches, and summarizes key findings. It also addresses challenges to meaningful research, arguing that internationally coordinated research projects will be necessary in the future to arrive at the insights necessary to inform theory and policy.
Paradoxical neurobehavioral rescue by memories of early-life abuse: the safety signal value of odors learned during abusive attachment.

Caregiver-associated cues, including those learned in abusive attachment, provide a sense of safety and security to the child. Here, we explore how cues associated with abusive attachment, such as maternal odor, can modify the enduring neurobehavioral effects of early-life abuse. Two early-life abuse models were used: a naturalistic paradigm, where rat pups were reared by an abusive mother; and a more controlled paradigm, where pups underwent peppermint odor-shock conditioning that produces an artificial maternal odor through engagement of the attachment circuit. Animals were tested for maternal odor preference in infancy, forced swim test (FST), social behavior, and sexual motivation in adulthood—in the presence or absence of maternal odors (natural or peppermint). Amygdala odor-evoked local field potentials (LFPs) via wireless electrodes were also examined in response to the maternal odors in adulthood. Both early-life abuse models induced preference for the maternal odors in infancy. In adulthood, these early-life abuse models produced FST deficits and decreased social behavior, but did not change sexual motivation. Presentation of the maternal odors rescued FST and social behavior deficits induced by early-life abuse and enhanced sexual motivation in all animals. In addition, amygdala LFPs from both abuse animal models showed unique activation within the gamma frequency (70–90 Hz) bands in response to the specific maternal odor present during early-life abuse. These results suggest that attachment-related cues learned during infancy have a profound ability to rescue neurobehavioral dysregulation caused by early-life abuse. Paradoxically, abuse-associated cues seem to acquire powerful and enduring antidepressive properties and alter amygdala modulation.
A phase II study of isoflavones, erlotinib, and gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer

Background: The EGFR/Akt/NF-κB signalling pathway is frequently deregulated in pancreatic cancer and contributes to cell growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. An isoflavone, genistein, inactivates Akt and NF-κB and enhances the anti-tumor activity of erlotinib and gemcitabine in experimental systems of pancreas cancer. This phase II study was undertaken to determine the effects of adding isoflavone to a regimen of gemcitabine and erlotinib on survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: Eligibility included previously untreated patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients received gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15, and erlotinib 150 mg once daily P.O. on day 1 to day 28. Soy isoflavones (Novasoy®) were administered at a dose of 531 mg twice daily P.O. starting day -7 until the end of study participation. Results: Twenty patients with advanced pancreas cancer were enrolled (median age 57.9 years). Sixteen patients had stage IV disease. The median number of cycles was 2 per patient. The median survival time was 5.2 months (95% CI, 4.6—N/A months). The probability of survival at 6 months was 50% (95% CI, 32–78%). Conclusions: The addition of soy isoflavones to gemcitabine and erlotinib did not appear to increase the survival of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Bistatic scattering for a finite lossy cylinder

The problem of scattering from a finite conductive cylinder with complex permittivity at arbitrary orientation is analyzed using a first-order approximation to an iterative technique developed by Shifrin. The classical Kerker solution for a simple infinite dielectric cylinder is extended to a more physically realistic solution accounting for a finite-length cylinder with frequency-dependent complex permittivity using a modified Drude conductivity approach. The polarization matrix of the cylinder is derived from the electrostatic solution for a finite cylinder in a uniform electric field, and it is given as a function of the length-to-diameter ratio (aspect ratio) and the permittivity of the cylinder. The electrostatic solution for a finite cylinder does not permit a closed solution; therefore the cylinder is approximated by an inscribed ellipsoid which provides a converging analytic expression. The effects of typical variations in the length, diameter, and bulk conductivity of the cylinder were analyzed for TE, TM, and TEM polarizations. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Initial vascularization of the vegetative shoot of Abies concolor

BAXTER, R. W. (U. Kansas, Lawrence.) Calamocarpon insignis, a new genus of heterosporous, petrified calamitean cones from the American Carboniferous. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(5): 469-476. Illus. 1963.-Calamocarpon insignis is described as a new genus of calamitean cone based on numerous fragments of microsporangiate and megasporangiate cones found in coal balls of middle Pennsylvanian age from the Cherokee Group of Kansas and the Des Moines Series of Iowa. The cones are similar to Calamostachys in general construction, having a hollow pith, prominent protoxylem canals, and alternating whorls of sterile bracts and sporangiophores. They differ in that the microsporangiate cones bear microsporangia each containing several hundred microspores which may occur as tetrads or single spores, while the megasporangiate cones bear large rectangular megasporangia each containing a single functional megaspore surrounded by sterile nutritive tissue. The microspores average 30-40A in diameter compared to a maximum measurement of 2.7 X 0.7 mm for the single rectangular megaspore. The female gametophyte was produced within the megaspore which was held within the megasporangium during the entire period of development. The megasporangia were deciduous so that the entire structure was shed as a unit. ONE of the constant problems inherent in working with fossil plants is the fragmentary nature of the material. This is nowhere more true than in the form of preservation known as coal balls where often the plant parts seem to have been churned up in a primeval surf prior to having been embedded in the coal ball sediments. Consequently, a basic task of paleobotanical research is that of attempting to correlate (by the fortunate chance 1 Received for publication October 7, 1962. This is a part of a general study of The Fossil Flora of Eastern Kansas carried on with the support of National Science Foundation grant (NSF-G17938). of finding physical connection) one isolated part with another so that the entire plant may be known. The present paper describes a case in which this correlation has been extremely difficult apparently due to the deciduous nature of the parts involved. Large, rectangular sporangia of unknown affinity were first observed in 1947 in coal balls from the Des Moines Series of Iowa. In the subsequent 15 years, up to a hundred or more of these isolated sporangia were observed during investigations of other organ genera from Iowa and Kansas coal ball material. These sporangia were a particular This content downloaded from 157.55.39.254 on Mon, 05 Sep 2016 03:59:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Single-molecule detection fluorescence of surface-bound species in vacuum

Abstract We have performed single-molecule fluorescence detection of DiIC 12 molecules adsorbed on a solid substrate where the surrounding pressure is controlled. The triplet lifetimes are significantly longer (4–100 ms) and far more easily observed at moderate vacuum pressures than in air (typically
National Space Science Data Center and World Data Center A for Rockets and Satellites: Ionospheric data holdings and services

The activities and services of the National Space Science data Center (NSSDC) and the World Data Center A for Rockets and Satellites (WDC-A-R and S) are described with special emphasis on ionospheric physics. The present catalog/archive system is explained and future developments are indicated. In addition to the basic data acquisition, archiving, and dissemination functions, ongoing activities include the Central Online Data Directory (CODD), the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshopps (CDAW), the Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN), advanced data management systems (CD/DIS, NCDS, PLDS), and publication of the NSSDC News, the SPACEWARN Bulletin, and several NSSD reports.
Loss effect on 2D photonic crystal band structure

An iterative algorithm for band structure of lossy 2D photonic crystal is presented in this paper. This iterative algorithm is effective and the real part of the eigenvalue converges fast and accurately when the dielectric function is complex (e(f)=e 1 + i•e 2 (f)) and dependent on frequency in lossy cases with e 2 (f)≈0.1e 1 . Effects of the frequency dependent dielectric function on band structure of a particular 2D photonic crystal is discussed.
Ionic conduction in doped oxides with the fluorite structure

Abstract The observed dependence of ionic transport on temperature and defect concentration in all oxides M(D)O 2−x is shown to be quantitatively consistent with the existence of vacancies in three energy states: (i) isolated, (ii) associated, and (iii) deeply trapped.
Spatial working memory in rats: effects of monoaminergic antagonists.

Abstract To assess the possible involvement of the monoaminergic neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the maintenance of spatial working memory rats were treated with antagonists 0 or 2 hr after completing the first 4 choices in an 8 arm maze. Haloperidol (0.25–1 mg/kg), when administered 2 hr after Choice 4, produced a small but consistent impairment in performance on retention tests given 5 hr after the first 4 choices. This deficit closely resembled natural forgetting in terms of the type of errors committed. By contrast, haloperidol in the same doses given 0 hr after Choice 4 or 3 hr before the first 4 choices did not affect retention. Likewise treatment with propranolol (10–20 mg/kg), phentolamine (5–20 mg/kg) or methysergide (5–15 mg/kg) did not impair spatial memory, regardless of when these drugs were injected within the session. Evidently dopaminergic neuronal systems are important in the maintenance of normal spatial working memory.
The stimulus properties of LSD in C57BL/6 mice.

Abstract Rationale Drug-induced stimulus control has proven to be a powerful tool for the assessment of a wide range of psychoactive drugs. Although a variety of species has been employed, the majority of studies have been in the rat. However, with the development of techniques which permit the genetic modification of mice, the latter species has taken on new importance. Lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], the prototypic indoleamine hallucinogen, has not previously been trained as a discriminative stimulus in mice. Objective To demonstrate the feasibility of LSD-induced stimulus control in the mouse and to provide a preliminary characterization of the stimulus properties of LSD in that species. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were trained using a left or right nose-poke operant on a fixed ratio 10, water reinforced task following the injection of lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD, 0.17 or 0.30 mg/kg, SC; 15 min pretreatment] or vehicle. Results Stimulus control was established in 6 of 16 mice at a dose of LSD of 0.17 mg/kg after 39 sessions. An increase in dose to 0.30 mg/kg for the remaining mice resulted in stimulus control in an additional 5 subjects. In the low dose group, subsequent experiments demonstrated an orderly dose–effect relationship for LSD and a rapid offset of drug action with an absence of LSD effects 60 min after injection. When LSD [0.17 mg/kg] was administered in combination with the selective 5-HT2A antagonist, M100907, LSD-appropriate responding was significantly but incompletely reduced to approximately 50%; concurrently, response rates declined significantly. In mice trained with a dose of LSD of 0.30 mg/kg, full generalization to the phenethylamine hallucinogen, [−]-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine [DOM] was observed. Conclusions The present data demonstrate the feasibility of LSD-induced stimulus control in the mouse. The general features of stimulus control by LSD in the mouse closely resemble those observed in the rat but the present data suggest that there may be significant differences as well.