cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Experimental Metastasis by Targeting the HUIV26 Cryptic Epitope in Collagen

Metastasis from the primary tumor to distant sites involves an array of molecules that function in an integrated manner. Proteolytic remodeling and subsequent tumor cell interactions with the extracellular matrix regulate tumor invasion. In previous studies, we have identified a cryptic epitope (HUIV26) that is specifically exposed after alterations in the triple helical structure of type IV collagen. Exposure of this cryptic epitope plays a fundamental role in the regulation of angiogenesis in vivo. However, little is known concerning the ability of tumor cells to interact with this cryptic site or whether this site regulates tumor cell metastasis in vivo. In this regard, many of the same cellular processes that regulate angiogenesis also contribute to tumor metastasis. Here we provide evidence that tumor cells such as B16F10 melanoma interact with denatured collagen type IV in part by recognizing the HUIV26 cryptic site. Systemic administration of a HUIV26 monoclonal antibody inhibited experimental metastasis of B16F10 melanoma in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that tumor cell interactions with the HUIV26 cryptic epitope play an important role in regulating experimental metastasis and that this cryptic element may represent a therapeutic target for controlling the spread of tumor cells to distant sites.
Dynamin-related protein 1 and mitochondrial fragmentation in neurodegenerative diseases

The purpose of this article is to review the recent developments of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial fragmentation, and neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The GTPase family of proteins, including fission proteins, dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), and fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1) are essential to maintain mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, and to provide necessary adenosine triphosphate to neurons. Among these, Drp1 is involved in several important aspects of mitochondria, including shape, size, distribution, remodeling, and maintenance of mitochondria in mammalian cells. In addition, recent advancements in molecular, cellular, electron microscopy, and confocal imaging studies revealed that Drp1 is associated with several cellular functions, including mitochondrial and peroxisomal fragmentation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, and cell death. In the last two decades, tremendous progress has been made in researching mitochondrial dynamics, in yeast, worms, and mammalian cells; and this research has provided evidence linking Drp1 to neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers in the neurodegenerative disease field are beginning to recognize the possible involvement of Drp1 in causing mitochondrial fragmentation and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. This article summarizes research findings relating Drp1 to mitochondrial fission and fusion, in yeast, worms, and mammals. Based on findings from the Reddy laboratory and others', we propose that mutant proteins of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD, PD, HD, and ALS, interact with Drp1, activate mitochondrial fission machinery, fragment mitochondria excessively, and impair mitochondrial transport and mitochondrial dynamics, ultimately causing mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage.
The US 100 T magnet project

Abstract A design is presented of a 100 T research magnet to generate high field pulses having lengths of more than 20 ms at field levels of above 80 T. The magnet is designed to be nondestructive, have a bore of 24 mm and a repetition rate of less than 1 h. It consists of a 50 T outer magnet, constructed of five concentric, mechanically independent coils, powered from a motor-generator, and a self-supporting 50 T insert magnet, which is energized from a capacitor bank. The design is based on commercially available materials. The magnet has an overall diameter and total length of approximately 1 m.
Does Maintenance Treatment Matter

This study examined the effects of a two-year maintenance treatment assessed at 1 and 2 years following Parent–child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). Sixty-one of 100 clinic-referred children (M age = 4 years, 4 months) originally diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) completed the standard treatment and were then randomized to PCIT maintenance treatment (MT) or to an assessment-only follow-up condition (AO). Rating scale and observational measures from fathers, mothers, and children were collected before and after standard treatment and at one- and two-year follow-up assessments. Maintenance treatment involved monthly telephone contacts from the original therapist focused on relapse prevention based on principles of PCIT. At the two-year follow-up, MT families showed few changes from post-treatment, as expected. However, the expected decrements for AO control families were not seen. Few differences between MT and AO were found at either follow-up assessment, and there were no significant differences in the rates of change during follow-up. The maintenance of gains among AO families may have resulted from the continuous enhancement of standard treatment or from inadvertent reinforcement for maintenance provided by the assessments of change alone.
Fourier analysis of polar coordinate data in visual physiology and psychophysics

Techniques are presented for analyzing data collected as a function of: a circular independent variable (e.g., angle, direction, or orientation) or an independent variable which is cyclical (e.g., months of the year). The procedures are presented in a tutorial manner, emphasizing their relationship to more traditional statistics in experimental psychology.
Identification of additional allergens in cooked salmon

Abstract Rationale Fish, including salmon, are a common cause of food allergy. Salmon parvalbumin has been identified as a major allergen; however, other clinically relevant allergens might exist. Methods Proteins from raw and cooked salmon were extracted and separated by SDS-Page. Immunolabeling was performed with serum from 14 patients; age 2 to 23 years (median 6 years), with salmon-induced reactions. Salmon-specific IgE was measured with the Pharmacia CAP-system FEIA and ranged from 2.24 to 58.5 kU/l (median 8.65 kU/l). Results In raw and cooked salmon, protein bands at 12–14 kDa were recognized by serum IgE from 13/14 [93%] patients. This corresponds to Sal s 1, the major salmon parvalbumin. In addition, eight patients showed IgE-binding at 38 kDa in cooked salmon only. Analysis of clinical data for these eight patients showed no difference in IgE level or age. Two patients had strong IgE-binding to proteins at 98 kDa and approximately 70 kDa in the cooked salmon extract only. One also showed IgE-binding at 16 kDa. Most importantly, the one patient without parvalbumin-specific IgE recognized the 34, 70 and 98 kDa proteins. Using Proteomic approaches these proteins will be further characterized. Conclusions Our study confirmed that salmon parvalbumin is the major salmon allergen. However, immunoblotting with serum from highly salmon allergic patients identified additional proteins that may play an important role, especially in salmon-allergic patients without specific IgE to paravalbumin.
Power limits of transmission lines

THIS ARTICLE PRESENTS the results of studies of the factors which influence the power limits or design loadings of transmission lines. Recent investigations have shown the principal factors determining the loading of transmission circuits, particularly those for distances of 100 to 600 miles. Since there is a continuing trend toward the use of higher voltages, it is desirable to study their possibilities more completely over the entire range of distances expected for 230 kv and higher. Hence, the present investigation extends the earlier studies to include lines from 10 to 600 miles in length. The results are general as regards the stability limits (Base kva = 5.0 kv2) and may be applied to lines of any voltage level. The economic comparisons in this study pertain to the 287-kv voltage level, which is about in the middle of the range for 230 to 380 kv and fairly representative of the general economic picture for all voltages 230 kv and above.
Performance‐Based Measurements Among Elderly Drivers and Nondrivers

Although driving is an important ability for maintaining independence in the later years, clinical factors that determine driving status are unknown. Aged male veterans (mean age, 70 years) were recruited from an outpatient clinic (N = 143), including 77 frequent drivers, 41 infrequent drivers, and 25 who drove rarely or not at all. There were 116 (84%) who completed a comprehensive performance-based assessment. There were no significant differences between the three groups in age, formal cognitive testing, or prevalence of stroke history. However, there were significant differences in grip strength, reaction time, static visual acuity, dynamic visual acuity, and peripheral vision. Using stepwise ordinal logistic regression, dynamic visual acuity, nondominant hand grip strength, and total horizontal peripheral visual field were significantly associated with driving frequency (P less than .05), and together explained approximately 45% of the variance. Subtle motor and visual deficits that can be detected by a performance-based assessment may play an important role in determining driving frequency in the elderly.
Missed Opportunities for Patient Education and Social Worker Consultation at The Arbor Free Clinic

We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 210 patients who came to a free medical clinic for health care over an 8-month period. We (1) measured their satisfaction with care, (2) determined the frequency of missed opportunities for providing health education and social work consultation, and (3) assessed whether patient-specific factors drive the frequency of these missed opportunities. Of the 210 patients surveyed, a total of 168 (80.0%) completed the entire survey. The mean satisfaction rating was high (4.6 on a scale of 1 to 5). A significant number of missed opportunities occurred, with only 28% of patients receiving patient education material, and 32% of patients visiting the social worker. No particular patient groups emerged as most susceptible to these missed opportunities. This study shows both the high degree of patient satisfaction at this free clinic and the many opportunities for improving patient education and social services. Adding health education and social work consultation to the patient encounter could improve the health of these patients.
Physical aspects of ultrasound hyperthermia of the chest wall

Recent advances in the development of clinical ultrasound hyperthermia systems to treat superficially located cancerous volumes are presented, with emphasis on the treatment of tissues at high risk or with microscopic cancer, and of recurrent/persistent breast carcinoma on the chest wall. Recent advances in microwaves based systems are also discussed for comparison. In recent years the demand has been for specialized systems, site and disease specific, with a high degree of dynamic power deposition control. A system under development at our institution to allow the simultaneous or sequential delivery of ultrasound hyperthermia and external photon/electron beam radiation is described in detail. The optimization of the system design and key physical parameters to achieve controlled heating in highly acoustically, thermally and physiologically heterogeneous tissues are presented while highlighting the engineering challenges encountered. Both laboratory and numerical modeling data are presented. The major advances achieved are delineated and future R&D efforts proposed.
Selves in Time and Place: Identities, Experience, and History in Nepal

Selves in Time and Place: Identities, Experience, and History in Nepal. Debra Skinner. Alfred Pach III. and Dorothy Holland. eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998. xii. 338 pp.
ELASTIC FIBER-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS OF SKIN IN DEVELOPMENT AND PHOTOAGING

— We sought to use antibodies against structural (tropoelastin, fibrillin) and nonstructural (decay-accelerating factor [DAF], serum amyloid P [SAP]) components of elastic fibers to characterize fiber structure in neonatal skin, normal adult skin and adult skin with solar elastosis from advanced photoaging. We found by immunohisto-chemistry and by western blotting that DAF, unlike SAP, is present on cutaneous elastic fibers in neonates and young children, suggesting that DAF may play an early, integral role in protecting elastic fibers from destruction by complement. The most superficial portion of oxytalan fibers stained with antibodies against fibrillin and DAF, while anti-tropoelastin stained only the deeper portion of oxytalan fibers. This suggests that deep oxytalan fibers are composed of both elastin and microfibrils, while the most superficial component is composed solely of microfibrillar proteins. Solar elastosis showed increased fibrillin, DAF, tropoelastin and SAP. Thus, solar elastosis is composed of both microfibrillar and elastin proteins.
Grasshoppers efficiently process C4 grass leaf tissues: Implications for patterns of host-plant utilization

Leaf-chewing insects are commonly believed to be unable to crush the nutrient-rich bundle sheath cells (BSC) of C 4 grasses. This physical constraint on digestion is thought to reduce the nutritional quality of these grasses substantially. However, recent evidence suggests that BSC are digested by grasshoppers. To directly assess the ability of grasshoppers to digest C 4 grass BSC, leaf particles of Bouteloua curtipendula (Poaceae) were examined from the digestive tracts of two grasshopper species: Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (primarily a grass feeder) and Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) (a forb and grass generalist) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Transmission electron microscopy was used to make the first observations of BSC crushing by herbivorous insects. Camnula pellucida and M. sanguinipes crushed over 58% and 24%, respectively, of the BSC in ingested leaf tissues. In addition, chloroplast and cell membranes were commonly disrupted in uncrushed BSC, permitting soluble nutrients to be extracted, even when BSC walls remain intact. The greater efficiency with which C. pellucida crushes BSC is consistent with the idea that grass-feeding species are better adapted for handling grass leaf tissues than are generalist species. By demonstrating the effectiveness with which the BSC of B. curtipendula can be crushed and extracted by both species of grasshoppers, this study suggests one reason why C 4 grasses are not generally avoided by grasshoppers: at least some C 4 grasses can be more easily digested than has been hypothesized.
Sodium, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease: a compelling scientific case for improving the health of the public.

The relationship between sodium (Na) intake and human health indicators has been investigated in observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT). The most extensive body of information details the relationship between Na and blood pressure (BP). High BP was identified as the leading risk factor, among 67 studied, for worldwide mortality and disability adjusted life years1. It is also one of the best surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD), especially stroke1. Consistent with prior reports, three recent meta-analyses of RCT identified significant declines in BP following a reduction in Na intake3-5. The decrements in BP were greater in those with higher starting levels of BP, more successful intervention, older age, and African-American ethnicity. In the two meta-analyses with greatest relevance for clinical practice and public health, Na reduction was associated with a small but expected physiological increase in elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system3,4, little or no effect on total cholesterol3,4 or catecholamine levels3, and changes in urinary protein consistent with a beneficial effect on renal function3.
Independent viewer for optical data cards

A filmless medical imaging system which uses optical data cards is presented. The cards are used to transfer portions of a patient image file. The optical data cards, characteristics of the images, and data compression/expansion needs are described. Construction and operation of an independent viewer are discussed. >
Turbo equalization for OFDM modulated physical layer network coding

In this paper we consider a practical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulated and low-density parity-check (LDPC) channel coded two-way relay system employing physical-layer network coding (PLNC), where two terminals A and B desire to exchange information with each other with the help of a relay R which can be equipped with multiple receive antennas. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is adopted as the modulation scheme to resolve the synchronization problem in PLNC and doubly selective channels with intercarrier interference (ICI) are considered. The critical process in such a system is the calculation of the network-coded transmit codeword at the relay on basis of the superimposed channel-coded signals of the two terminals. Different from existing works on non-iterative receiver design, we here consider iterative receiver design. We propose two turbo equalization receivers, one is the conventional iterative separate detection and decoding (I-SDD), and the other one is based on a recently developed estimation scheme for PLNC. Gaussian message passing (GMP) and sum-product algorithm (SPA) are used for ICI-aware equalization and channel decoding respectively. We find through numerical simulations that the performance of the I-SDD receiver can catch up with that of the state-of-the-art PLNC-based receiver when more than one receive antennas are used. One promising feature about the ISDD receiver is that the channel decoding complexity is much lower than that of the PLNC-based receiver.
THE MOLECULAR HAMILTONIAN

▪ Abstract The molecular Hamiltonian represents one of the most basic concepts in spectroscopy and molecular reaction dynamics. Its derivation is notoriously difficult owing to the use of a rotating reference frame which, in turn, is necessary to define the concept of vibration and rotation. In this article, we review the construction of the molecular Hamiltonian in normal mode and in internal coordinates. For normal mode coordinates, the Watson Hamiltonian including its modification for linear molecules is derived using an approach based on classical mechanics and the Podolsky transformation. The method is subsequently used to derive the molecular Hamiltonian in terms of Jacobi and valence coordinates. Results are presented for the triatomic system and for the extension toward N-atom systems with N ≥ 3.
Effect of Violence on Utilization of Services and Access to Care in Persons with HIV

We analyzed the HIV Costs and Service Utilization Study data to determine the association of violence, assessed at baseline, with utilization of and access to health care at follow-up, among gay/bisexual male, heterosexual female, and heterosexual male HIV/AIDS patients. In multivariate analyses, male gay/bisexual violence victims had increased odds of reporting emergency department visits (odds ratio [OR], 1.74; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20 to 2.52), going without needed medical care because of expense (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.06 to 3.18), and having poor ability to access medical specialists (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.67). Further research is required to understand the association of violence with health care among gay/bisexual men with HIV/AIDS.
Synthesis of labeled acrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA): 15N-acrylamide, 13C-NMA, 15N-NMA, and 13C,15N-NMA

Labeled derivatives of N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) including 1 5 N-NMA, 1 3 C-NMA, and 1 3 C, 1 5 N-NMA were synthesized and purified. A required chemical precursor, 1 5 N-acrylamide, was also prepared. Reported methods forsynthesizing unlabeled analogs are noted, and modifications to these methods for achieving the labeled materials are specified. Monomers were examined via 1 H, 1 3 C, and 1 5 N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Peak assignments and coupling constants are reported for each compound. To our knowledge, this is the first reported publication on the preparation and characterization of 1 3 C-NMA, 1 5 N-NMA, 1 3 C, 1 5 N-NMA, and 1 5 N-acrylamide.
An ecological perspective on minority and majority language and literacy communities in the Americas

In this paper I discuss current sociolinguistic situations in linguistically diverse communities in the Americas, thereby contributing toward the development of a theoretical model that focuses on the ecology of emergent bilingualism and biliteracy for both language-minority and language-majority children. I analyze different examples in which children’s participation during family literacy events mediate the learning of the second language and their construction of meaning from print they encounter in their bilingual surroundings. The review points to the potential to develop bilingualism and biliteracy that might exist within each child’s immediate environment and are enhanced when community members (e.g., parents, peers, schoolteachers, neighbors) provide direct scaffolding during child-adult interactions. The studies are discussed within an eco-sociocultural framework making pedagogical connections and recommendation to the optimal development of bilingualism and biliteracy.
Insoluble Ni compound-induced gene amplification/gene silencing causes over-expression of microtubules/microfilaments, cell shape changes, and de-regulation of global gene expression/Ca+2 gradients, inducing morphological/ neoplastic transformation of 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells

Inhalation of Ni-containing sulfidic ore dusts and smoking cigarettes in Ni refineries causes human respiratory cancer. Inhalation of Ni3S2 or green NiO induces respiratory cancer in rats. Ni3S2 and green NiO were phagocytosed into and induced morphological/A. I./neoplastic transformation in 10T1/2 mouse embryo cells. mRNA differential display showed that 130 genes were differentially expressed between non-transformed and two MCA/four Ni-transformed, 10T1/2 cell lines. Ni/MCA-transformed cell lines displayed a) ect-2 gene amplification/higher levels of ect-2 mRNA/protein; b) increased levels of calnexin mRNA/protein; and c) absence of DRIP80 and β-centaurin-2 mRNAs. We hypothesized amplification of the ect-2 gene led to higher steady-state levels of rhoA-GTP, inducing higher steady-state levels of microtubules (MTs) in Ni/-MCA transformed cell lines. We stained non-transformed/transformed 10T- 1/2 cell lines with fluorescent antibody to α-tubulin/β-tubulin, to stain MTs. MTs were distributed homogeneously in long, thin fibers in non-transformed 10T1/2 cells, but present at higher levels/aggregated in some areas/missing in other areas of transformed cells, confirming hypothesis #1. We next hypothesized transcriptional silencing of the β-centaurin-2 gene led to increased steady-state levels of microfilaments (MFs) and altered their intracellular distribution, in Ni/MCA transformed cell lines. We stained cells with fluorescent phalloidin, a fungal toxin that binds to MFs, and demonstrated MFs were distributed homogeneously in long, thin fibers in non-transformed 10T1/2 cells, but present at higher levels/aggregated, in some areas and missing in other areas of transformed cells, confirming hypothesis #2. Over-expression/clumping of MFs/MTs rounded transformed cells, altering their contact with extra-cellular matrix. Third, we hypothesized that silencing the DRIP80 gene led to alterations in Ca+2 ion gradients in transformed cell lines, and confirmed this by staining cells with the Ca+2 fluorophore, FLUO 3AM. This would alter activities of Ca+2-dependent enzymes in transformed cell lines, contributing to aberrant physiologies. Ni+2 ion therefore induced ect-2 gene amplification/over-expression and caused silencing of the β-centaurin-2 and DRIP80 genes, leading to over-expression of MTs/ MFs, respectively, hence cell shape changes and altered gene expression, and to aberrant Ca+2 ion gradients, which would cause changes in activities of Ca+2-dependent enzymes. Changes in MTs, MFs, and Ca+2 ion gradients would de-regulate expression of 130 genes/alter Ca+2-dependent enzyme activities, contributing to induction of cell transformation.
Confounding among Measures of Leniency and Halo

Because the variability of rating distributions decreases with leniency, common indices of the psychometric performance of rating data may be confounded. Lenient rating distributions, for example, ...
Open questions: the disrupted circuitry of the cancer cell.

Every new decade of biology brings with it a change in outlook driven by new technologies and fresh perspectives. Such is the case for cancer and how we consider the disease. The advent of molecular biology led to the identification of altered signaling molecules and 'oncogenes' that were proposed to drive uncontrolled cell proliferation. The rise of cell biology and new imaging and culturing technologies led to the idea that disruptions in the extracellular environment prime cells for transformation. In the current genomics era, cancer is most commonly seen as a genetic disorder where an unstable genome gives rise to a variety of different cell variants that are selected for proliferation and survival. All of these views are partially correct, of course, and are simply different ways of saying that genetic alterations in cancer cells result in a loss of growth homeostasis. They also take the view that molecular changes 'drive' a cell to grow uncontrollably, rather than tip the balance from one normal state (quiescence) to another (proliferation). Underlying this oversimplification is a profound ignorance of what controls homeostatic cell growth in the first place and how specific mutations impact it.
An atomistic model for simulations of the general anesthetic isoflurane.

An atomistic model of isoflurane is constructed and calibrated to describe its conformational preferences and intermolecular interactions. The model, which is compatible with the CHARMM force field for biomolecules, is based on target quantities including bulk liquid properties, molecular conformations, and local interactions with isolated water molecules. Reference data is obtained from tabulated thermodynamic properties and high-resolution structural information from gas-phase electron diffraction, as well as DFT calculations at the B3LYP level. The model is tested against experimentally known solvation properties in water and oil, and shows quantitative agreement. In particular, isoflurane is faithfully described as lipophilic, yet nonhydrophobic, a combination of properties critical to its pharmocological activity. Intermolecular interactions of the model are further probed through simulations of the binding of isoflurane to a binding site in horse spleen apoferritin (HSAF). The observed binding mode ...
Visualizing the Java heap demonstration proposal

Many of the problems that occur in long-running systems involve the way that the system uses memory. We have developed a framework for extracting and building a model of the heap from a running Java system. Such a model is only useful if the programmer can extract from it the information they need to understand, find, and eventually fix memory-related problems in their system. We propose to demonstrate the tool in action, showing how it works dynamically on running processes and how it is designed to address a variety of specific memory issues.
Exchange Rate Flexibility And Monetary Policy

It has been argued that floating rates protect economies from monetary shocks originated abroad and provide great autonomy and independence. Those who have tried to use the money demand function to explain insulating properties have excluded exchange rate flexibility variable in their models. This paper estimates a money demand function that includes exchange rate flexibility as another determinant of the demand for money for the major industrialized countries.
Visual Rehabilitation Consultations through Telemedicine

Telemedicine can be beneficial in providing excellent low vision care. Ideally, other specialists could be consulted via telemedicine in the rural hospital to increase the viability of telemedicine. A dedicated telemedicine presenter-coordinator would have been helpful. The grant did not provide funding for personnel involved with the telemedicine project, so the remote site presenter and consultants had normal duties with the additional burden of telemedicine activities. This model has the potential to be self-sustaining. In addition to reimbursement for the telemedicine consultant services, there would be income from visual aids purchased by the patients.
INS Assisted Monocular Visual Odometry for Aerial Vehicles

The requirement to operate aircrafts in GPS denied environments can be met by use of visual odometry.We study the case that the height of the aircraft above the ground can be measured by an altimeter. Even with a high quality INS that the orientation drift is neglectable, random noise exists in the INS orientation. The noise can lead to the error of position estimate, which accumulates over time. Here, we solve the visual odometry problem by tightly coupling the INS and camera. During state estimation, we virtually rotate the camera by reprojecting features with their depth direction perpendicular to the ground. This allows us to partially eliminate the error accumulation in state estimation, resulting in a slow position drift. The method is tested with data collected on a full-scale helicopter for approximately 16km of travel. The estimation error is less than 1% of the flying distance.
Whipsaw Cuts Both Ways:The Privilege Against Self-IncriminationIn an International Context

As crime becomes an international rather than a domestic concern, law· enforcement officials across the globe join to pursue, prosecute, and punish criminals. Out of this phenomenon emerges the field of international criminal law. Among the principal challenges for this field is how to protect the rights of the accused individual against the combined power of the international community. In this Article, Professor Diane Marie Amann confronts that question with regard to one right, examining whether the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination ought to protect a witness who fears only prosecution in a foreign country from having to testify in a U.S. proceeding. It is a question that has divided the U.S. courts of appeals, and one on which the U.S. Supreme Court heard argument in April, 1998. This Article looks at the issue from an international criminal law perspective. First, it reviews growing international recognition of a right against self·incrimination. Second, it demonstrates the rapid increase in international law-enforcement cooperation. Finally, it explores the historical purposes underlying the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Article concludes that U.S. courts must honor the privilege against self-incrimination not only in the domestic, but also in the international, context.
SOURCES OF OH(A→X) EMISSION IN THE SPACE SHUTTLE ENVIRONMENT

OH(A→X) emission bands have been observed in Space Shuttle engine exhaust jets using the GLO imager spectrograph located in the payload bay. Spectra were collected at a resolution of 4 A for both day and night solar illumination conditions, all at an altitude of ~390 km. A spectral analysis is presented that identifies and quantifies three OH(A) excitation mechanisms. These include: i) solar-induced fluorescence of the OH(X) in the exhaust flow, ii) solar-induced photodissociation of H2O in the exhaust at Lyman-α and shorter wavelength far-UV lines, and iii) exhaust-atmosphere interactions, most probably through the reaction O+H2O→OH(A)+OH(X). Process i) produces a very rotationally cold and spectrally narrow component due to the rapid cooling of the OH(X) in the supersonic expansion of the exhaust flow. Processes ii) produce extremely excited OH(A), not well characterized by thermal vibrational or rotational distributions. Process iii) has a substantial activation energy, 4.79 eV, and is only slightly above threshold for the ram (180o angle of attack between O and H2O) geometry, consistent with its observation for the night ram but not the night perpendicular exhaust atmospheric interaction. Through the use of a non-equilibrium spectral emission model for OH, the integrated intensity, spectral distribution, and OH(A) internal state characterization for each of the above processes was deduced. Additional confirmation of the analysis is provided through the use of a model simulation of the space experiment to predict the total integrated intensities for processes i) and ii) for which the underlying spectroscopy, absorption cross sections, and solar excitation intensities are well established. Analysis of process (ii) has established an effective value for the fluorescence excitation cross section at ram conditions (·ETO= 5.2 eV) of (1.7 ± 0.9) × 10 -2 A 2 . Evidence for bands attributed to predissociated OH(A) vibrational levels suggest that the associated reaction cross section could be significantly higher.
Deconstructing institutions: A reply to dauenhauer

Bernard Dauenhauer is a careful and reflective philosopher from whose writings, in particular from Silence (1980) and The Politics of Hope (1986), those of us who work in the continental tradition have all profited. I am therefore very grateful for the attention he has given to Radical Her? meneutics (hereafter "RH") and happy to respond to his criticisms. But I am also troubled, for just these reasons, by the reading he has given to RH, by the way he has lined it up with an irresponsible and reckless anti institutionalism, with a contempt of tradition, with a kind of futile and pointless anarchy. He attributes to RH views which are rejected there and recommends in rebuttal views which are espoused in RH. Perhaps Dauen? hauer has been misled by the rhetoric of RH, by its flip and insouciant tone, and that is my responsibility. Or perhaps he seriously misunderstands deconstruction or anything that makes use of deconstruction. Let me say in a general way something about deconstruction, both as it is used in RH and - I am convinced of this and I could demonstrate it had I the space - the way Derrida uses it. Deconstruction is and means to be mettlesome, difficult, itchy, an impudent trouble maker, rather the way Socrates was; the Socratic comparison in RH is to be taken seriously. But deconstruction is not to be confused with outright destruction, razing, obliterating, or knocking down - of institutions, structures, traditions, texts, or ethical standards. Above all, it is not to be confused with irresponsibility. Indeed, as Derrida (1983a; 1983b, 1987) has recently been saying, deconstruction is profoundly responsible and profoundly affirmative. It proceeds from a deep sense of responsibility to those who are excluded by the prevailing powers, and that is what gives it its ethical twist. It makes a profound and deep "yes" to language and to life, to politics and to justice, to universities and to institutions, which is why so politically minded an institution as the New School for Social Research very properly awarded Derrida an honorary degree in 1989. Deconstruction operates in the service of social and political structures precisely by refusing to permit them to
A miniature probe integrating diffuse optical tomography and electroencephalographic source localization

In this work, we proposed a new dual-modal brain-mapping technique based on diffuse optical tomography (DOT) and electroencephalographic source localization (ESL)
Do Macroeconomic Structures and Policies Shape the Employment Intensity of Growth Differently for Women and Men

Abstract:Since all macroeconomic policies are enacted within a certain set of distributive relations and institutional structures, the employment intensity of growth is likely to vary for men and women depending on the nature and context of output growth. I examine the gendered nature of this growth-employment nexus by analyzing the differential impacts that macroeconomic policies and structures have on growth’s employment intensity by gender for eighty countries in the period from 1990 to 2012. Such an understanding is of particular relevance to policymakers concerned with the linkages between growth and human development, as the question of whether the benefits of economic growth are broadly shared is one that centers on the capacity of economies to generate high-quality employment. Although education levels and non-agricultural sectors are associated with more employment intensive growth for men and women, policies supporting reductions in non-wage care work, prioritizing public expenditures on educati...
Classification of Partial Discharge Level in Switchgear Cabinet Based on the Improved Association Rules Mining Algorithm

An improved association rules mining(ARM) algorithm is proposed for classification and recognition of partial discharge level to estimate the insulation status in switchgear cabinet.The method of fuzzy C-means clustering(FCM) is used to divide the range of partial discharge characteristic amounts.The Apriori algorithm is improved to find the candidate item sets which meet the minimum support and the minimum confidence.Recursion and retrieval are executed repeatedly to establish an association rule base for classification.A partial discharge experiment platform for 10 kV switchgear cabinet is set up,and several groups of corona partial discharge signals at different severity levels are detected for fuzzy reasoning.The results show that the signals can be classified into three severity levels accurately.The proposed classification method may benefit insulation status estimation and partial discharge detection.
The Internship Preparation Camp at the University of Maryland.

Background Specialty-specific ‘boot camps’ boost the competence and confidence of medical school graduates as they prepare to enter a residency programme. Objective We sought to evaluate the efficacy of a specialty-neutral Internship Preparation Camp (IPC) that we developed and made available to senior medical students at our medical school. The primary goal of the IPC is to educate students in the cognitive and procedural skills that are applicable to postgraduate year 1 trainees in all fields of specialisation. Methods The curriculum was developed through input from senior medical students and faculty from multiple specialties. The course used small-group sessions and skills labs led by distinguished speakers from various professions (medicine, nursing and pharmacy) to teach senior medical students the information and skills common to the needs of all new physicians, regardless of the specialty they have chosen. The course was presented across 3 half-days and was offered just prior to graduation. Results Of 166 possible participants, 65 attended the course; 39 (60%) of them completed evaluations immediately following the course and 29 (45%) of participants completed a follow-up evaluation 3 months later. All respondents reported increased confidence in caring for patients in all subject areas taught. In the follow-up survey, 82% of respondents reported using information learned during the course on an hourly, daily or weekly basis in their care of patients. Conclusions A specialty-neutral IPC is of benefit to its attendees, regardless of the medical specialty in which they train.
Extensible collaborative autonomy using GAMS

The future applications for multi-agent systems abound given the ever decreasing cost associated with the technology. However, making use of such multi-agent systems, including multirobot systems, is still a challenge. Most historical robotic control paradigms depended on preplanned movements or having one or more humans in direct control of each robot. These approaches are inefficient in managing available resources and do not adapt well to changes in the environment or missions. The Group Autonomy for Mobile Systems (GAMS) middleware seeks to address the software development problem in distributed collaborative autonomous systems. The GAMS project facilitates multi-agent collaboration through a focus on extensible platforms and algorithms, object-oriented interfaces to shared knowledge in the multi-agent system, and seamless, non-blocking communication between peers. Available mechanisms for incorporating new platforms and algorithms into the GAMS system are presented.
In the Balance (1898–1899)

Early September 1898 saw the anti-revisionists in full retreat. Even Drumont said Henry’s forgery had been ‘idiotic and culpable’, while Rochefort’s L’Intransigeant called it ‘odious and stupid’. Henry’s suicide and Esterhazy’s flight led many of the undecided to support reopening the case of the bordereau, even if they might not be convinced that Dreyfus was innocent. When Prime Minister Brisson solicited Mathieu and Lucie to request revision of the 1894 trial the Dreyfusards could well believe their case had been won.
The Volga Delta and the Oryol’s Demise

This chapter ponders the failure of the Oryol project and narrates the fate of its navigators in their efforts to escape the Cossacks, for which Reysen appears a fairly reliable historical source. In the next two chapters, the most original part of Reysen will be investigated. Charting Struys’s wanderings in Iran, it is rather singular in depicting the Christian encounter with the contemporary Islamic world. The significance of several crucial passages of that portrayal will therefore be explored in a rather detailed inquiry in Chapters 9 and 10.
The Love That Dare Not Speak Shakespeare’s Name: New Shakesqueer Cinema

In 1977, Herbert Ross’s film of Neil Simon’s The Goodbye Girl showed a parodic New York theatrical production of Richard III with Richard Dreyfuss playing a straight actor being directed to play Richard III as a gay character. The production’s director explains his interpretation to the assembled cast as follows: Richard III was a flaming homosexual. So was Shakespeare for that matter. But the angry mob at the Globe theater wasn’t going to plunk down two shillings to see a bunch of pansies jumping about on the stage. It was society that crippled Richard, not childbirth. I mean read your text. He sent those two cute little boys up to the tower and we never saw them again. Oh, we know why, don’t we? See, what I want to do here is to strip Richard bare, metaphorically. Let’s get rid of the hump. Let’s get rid of the twisted extremities and show him the way he would be today: the queen who wanted to be king. In 1995, Ian McKellen, an openly gay actor who has fought Britain’s homophobic Clause 28, played Richard straight in Richard Loncraine’s film of Richard III.1
Preliminary Study of Nitrate Levels in Groundwater at Lime Lake, NY

Lime Lake is located near the town of Machias, New York, which is approximately 60 km southeast of Buffalo, New York. Lime Lake is a spring-fed lake with much of the lake having a depth less than three meters and a maximum depth of 11.5 m (Stewart and Markello, 1974). The lake, encompasses an area of approximately 640,000 m, has no inlets and drains north through a single outlet towards the Cattaraugus Creek which eventually discharges into Lake Erie. There are approximately 500 residences located on the banks of the lake, which consist of primarily seasonal cottages and homes. Approximately 20-30% of residents live there year round. Lime Lake currently suffers from excess plant and algae growth possibly resulting from excess nutrients. Because of this, the Lime Lake Cottage Owners Association (LLCOA) applies a herbicide on a yearly basis (late summer) in order to control plant growth so as to preserve the aesthetics of the lake for the enjoyment of residents. Currently, the majority of homes in the vicinity of the lake use septic systems to treat their waste water. Because the lake is used by residents for swimming, fishing, and boating, monitoring of lake quality for the purposes of taking preventative action to preserve it was undertaken. The LLCOA, since 1997, has participated in the The Citizens Statewide Lake Assessment Program (CSLAP) which a volunteer lake monitoring program conducted by the NYS Department of Environmental Conservation (NYS DEC) and the NYS Federation of Lake Associations. The CSLAP program collects data related to trophic state of a lake in order to assess the aesthetic and ecological health of a lake. An important conclusion of the CSLAP reports since at least the 1997 report, is that algal growth appears to be limited by phosphorus and not nitrogen. Starting from 2002, the reports use the total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio as an quantitative indicator of whether nitrogen or phosphorus is limiting. According to the reports, a TN/TP value greater than 10 indicates a phosphorus limiting condition (i.e., nitrogen is in excess), although other sources (Florida Lakewatch, 2000) suggest that a value
Optimal design of truss structures for size and shape with frequency constraints using a collaborative optimization strategy

A collaborative parallel optimization strategy is proposed.A higher-level TLBO algorithm called school-based optimization is developed.Size and shape optimization under frequency constraints is addressed.Comparative studies illustrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. A new metaheuristic strategy is proposed for size and shape optimization problems with frequency constraints. These optimization problems are considered to be highly non-linear and non-convex. The proposed strategy extends the idea of using a single optimization process to a series of collaborative optimization processes. In this study, a modified teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), which is a relatively simple algorithm with no intrinsic parameters controlling its performance, is utilized in a collaborative framework and introduced as a higher-level TLBO algorithm called school-based optimization (SBO). SBO considers a school with multiple independent classrooms and multiple teachers with inter-classroom collaboration where teachers are reassigned to classrooms based on their fitness. SBO significantly improves the both exploration and exploitation capabilities of TLBO without increasing the algorithm's complexity. In addition, since the SBO algorithm uses multiple independent classrooms with interchanging teachers, the algorithm is less likely to be influenced by local optima. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the number of classes and the class size, which are the only parameters of SBO. The SBO algorithm is applied to five benchmark truss optimization problems with frequency constraints and the statistical results are compared to other optimization techniques in the literature. The quality and robustness of the results indicate the efficiency of the proposed SBO algorithm.
Mass Analyzers and Mass Spectrometers.

Mass spectrometers are comprised of three main components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. Ionization of the analyte occurs in the ion source and the resulting ions are counted at the detector. However, it is the mass analyzer that is responsible for determing the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of the ions (Jennings KR, Dolnikowski GG, Method Enzymol 193:37–61, 1990). Therefore, it is primarily the analyzer that allows the mass spectrometer to serve its primary goal – determining the mass of the analytes being measured. This becomes important in the field of molecular biology, where biomolecules may be of low molecular weight or often take on multiple charges (z) after ionization (Fenn JB, Mann M, Meng CK, Wong SF, Whitehouse CM, Science 246:64–71, 1989). For this reason, the choice of analyzer is dependant on the properties of the analyte after ionization and the requirements of the experiment being performed.