cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cultural inroads in DSM-5.

A lot has been said and written about the relevance of well-conceived cultural concepts in the diagnostic assessment of all kinds of patients, in nosological elaborations and in treatment interventions, particularly with psychiatric patients (1). The resulting gains in prevention and public health impact and enhancement of quality of life indicators have also been broadly discussed. These perspectives have been strengthened in the last two or three decades, notwithstanding the notable progress of neurosciences and basic laboratory research (2). Yet, in terms of concrete accomplishments, all these accurate definitions, powerful and passionate advocacy efforts, and scholarly cogent arguments have moved clinical practice only slightly above the level of byzantine exchanges. In the diagnostic field, facts such as globalization and diversity, buttressed by massive internal and external migrations across the world, and technological advances reachable by the masses in all countries and continents, have made the need for a comprehensive cultural understanding of patients' lives, their symptoms, family history, beliefs and existential suffering, an almost mandatory requirement. Furthermore, realities such as poverty, inequities, racism, political restlessness, collective stress and disasters shape up clinical pictures, help-seeking modalities and the subsequent provider-patient relationship frames with an unmistakable cultural stamp (3). That is probably why the American Psychiatric Association, the representative psychiatric organization of the United States, the world's most diverse country, initiated in the late 1960s the work of renewing the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), hinting first at the need of including cultural items in its third version, and giving them a slightly wider, yet still unfairly insufficient, room in DSM-IV and in its revised text, DSM-IV-TR (4).
Quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil at McMurdo Station, Antarctica.

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of compounds that have attracted much attention over the past several years. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has identified numerous PAHs as known or probable human carcinogens. The quantity of PAHs in the environment has dramatically increased, with the majority emitted from fossil fuel combustion sources. Surface soil samples were collected at McMurdo Station, Antarctica (77°51′ S, 166°41′ E), during peak summer activity and analyzed for PAHs. PAHs were detected at several locations, with maximum concentrations for naphthalene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene at 27 000, 17 800, 15 700, and 13 300 mg/kg, respectively. Results suggest anthropogenic activities may be contributing to increased levels of PAHs present in McMurdo soils.
Mean-value analysis and convolution method for queue-dependent servers in closed queueing networks

Abstract In this paper, we formulate a recursive relation for the marginal probabilities of a closed network with K customers in terms of the same network with K − 1 customers. Mean-value analysis (MVA) is an application of this relation, together with Little's formula. It is shown that the convolution method, too, can be based on the same recursive result. This leads to a new convolution algorithm called normalized convolution algorithm (NCA), which like MVA works entirely with probabilities and throughputs rather than with quantities such as normalization contacts. NCA avoids a difficult problem, the occurrence of floating-point over-flows in the original convolution algorithm. We shall also solve a numerical stability problem found in MVA. Finally, we show how MVA and the convolution algorithm can be combined in the same problem to yield a hybrid method retaining the best properties of both methods.
PLANS FOR AN ON-LINE CATALOG AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.

The increasing size, cost, and complexity of the card catalog has caused the Library of the University of Illinoia at Urbana-Champaign to begin planning for an on-line public catalog. The Library has decided to use the software of the Washington Library Network (WLN) as the basis for an on-line catalog while continuing to use OCLC as a source of bibliographic records. The plans for replicating the WLN software at Illinois as an on-line catalog and the implications of this catalog for statewide resource sharing are discussed.
Photon echoes from SF6

Abstract Photon echoes have been observed from SiF 4 , stimulated by the P(30) and (P32) laser lines of CO 2 in the (00 0 1) – (02 0 0) band near 9.4 μm.
Thermodynamic activities in iron-nickel alloys

Abstract The activity of Fe in iron-nickel alloys was studied in a differential apparatus by equilibrating mixtures of H 2 O H 2 gases over pure iron and over the alloys. Errors due to thermal diffusion are minimized in this design, and the measured activity of iron is corrected for the variation of the activity of wustite with ambient gas composition. Formation of magnetite prevents the investigation of nickel-rich alloys. In the iron-rich face-centered cubic alloys the solid solution is very nearly ideal; the activity coefficients are generally only slightly smaller than unity, the entropies of mixing are slightly larger than the ideal values, and the heats of mixing are small positive numbers.
The Broken-circuit Complex: Its Structure and Factorizations

In this paper we derive several structural results for the broken-circuit complex of a combinatorial geometry G. In particular, motivated by the question as to when the characteristic polynomial of G factors, we investigate when the broken-circuit complex has a non-trivial join decomposition, conjecturing that such a decomposition cannot occur unless G has a non-trivial modular flat.
Response Surface Designed Experiment for Door Closing Effort

This study employed a Draper-Lin small-composite response surface design to determine the optimal dimensional-factor levels to minimize the door-closing effort for a new automobile project. It was found that the factor levels that minimize the closing effort did not lead to robust manufacturing conditions. Likewise, the factor levels needed to produce a robust process did not lead to a sufficiently low closing effort. Various compromises were considered; namely, the minimum closing effort obtainable subject to selected semirobust conditions. The net result was that it was not possible to obtain sufficiently robust factor conditions, while achieving a suitably low value for closing effort.
A quantitative exploration into environmental determinants of two types of higher education spending

Regression analyses were conducted on environmental determinants of two types of higher education spending. As hypothesized, those states which were able to expend large amounts of money per full-time student were not the same states who spend generously in relation to the college-age population.
An Investigation of Constant-Envelope Variations of OFDM Waveforms for Use on HF Multipath Fading Channels

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has become a very popular technique for digital data transmission on multipath fading channels due to its low computational complexity and simple equalization process. However, the multipath component of these types of channels causes a phenomenon known as frequency selective fading. This type of fading can severely degrade or completely eliminate the signal energy of many of the OFDM tones producing an irreducible error rate, even when no noise is present. Consequently, most OFDM systems operating in multipath fading environments utilize some form of forward error correction (FEC) and block interleaving. OFDM waveforms which utilize FEC are usually referred to as coded OFDM (COFDM). One of the main drawbacks of OFDM and COFDM waveforms is the very large peak power to average power ratio (PAR) which requires the use of very linear power amplifiers (PA) and a large power back-off into the PA. In recent years there has been much interest in creating constant-envelope variations of OFDM and COFDM waveforms in order to overcome the PAR drawback. This paper will investigate constant-envelope (CE) variants of OFDM and COFDM waveforms for use on HF multipath fading channels.
Evolution of the architecture and technology of data centers towards exascale and beyond

The continual growth of data centers cannot be maintained through incremental advances in today's technologies and architectures. An alternative architecture based on reconfigurable WDM optical networking technology is presented for realizing future, exascale, elastic data centers.
Stereoselective total synthesis of the ladybug defensive agents coccinellin and precoccinellin

Abstract The stereoselective total synthesis of the lady bug defensive agents coccinellin and precoccinellin is described starting from perhydroboraphenalene.
Noise-abatement method for explosives testing

When Lawrence Livermore Laboratory started detonating explosives at its Site 300 test location in the sparsely populated hills east of the Laboratory, residents in neighboring areas complained of sudden loud noises. A combined literature and research study, coupled with an experimental test program, indicated the combination of air temperatures and winds at various elevations was primarily responsible for blast or sound waves being returned to the surface. To solve the noise problem, the Laboratory devised a method for determining the maximum amount of explosives that could be detonated aboveground under various atmospheric conditions without creating excessive noise in populated areas. This method for predicting explosives weight limits using pressure-distance-weight nomograms and the slope of a sound-velocity curve is described in this paper. The sound-velocity curve is computed with temperature information from the U.S. Weather Bureau and wind data from a target-acquisition radar system. By following t...
Using Electrons Stored on Quantized Capacitors in Electron Transfer Reactions

Monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) of gold with a majority composition of [CH3(CH2)6S]50Au145 have been synthesized. Solutions of this material in a toluene−acetonitrile solvent, containing a supporting electrolyte, are shown to display quantized double layer capacitance charging in differential pulse voltammetry experiments. These solutions can also be electrolytically charged to controllable potentials, and the average number of electrons (or holes) stored on the metal-like MPC cores can be estimated from the pattern of single-electron quantized charging peaks. The charged solutions are stable for hours. The charged MPCs can also be isolated in dried form, and retain most of their charge upon redissolution. The electronic charge on the MPC cores can be employed to carry out redox reactions with electron acceptor and donor molecules, such as ethylferrocene and TCNQ. These reactions proceed in a predictable and quantifiable way. Charged MPCs also undergo electron transfer reactions when mixed with soluti...
Gauging the Influence of Technology on Tactical Missiles of the Future(Short Communication)

Tactical missiles, carrying kinetic energy, high explosives, or multiple submunitions are an integral part of the current and future US Army weapons inventory. Naturally, the number of missiles that can be stowed on any mobile launch platform depends on the size of the missile. Advances in rocket propulsion efficiency and improvements in guidance systems may make it possible to reduce missile size without a proportionate decrease in effectiveness. A primitive I-DOF computer model is used here to show how advances in missile technology might allow smaller missiles in the future to carry out the mission of today's larger missiles. A scaled-down version of a typical current generation missile is taken as the next generation missile. Hypothetical improvements in this smaller missile are then chosen in four basic areas-propellant impulse, burn time, weight fraction, and aerodynamic drag.-with the effects on lethality reported in a nondimensional format.
Mars orbital synthetic aperture radar: Obtaining geologic information from radar polarimetry

[1] Radar penetration of mantling layers, and scattering from buried objects or interfaces, is a topic of current interest in both terrestrial and planetary remote sensing. We examine the behavior of surface and subsurface scattering interfaces and the types of information that may be obtained from observations in different polarizations and wavelengths. These results are applied to the design of a future Mars orbital synthetic aperture radar (SAR), for which we draw the following conclusions. (1) Mapping of buried geologic features is best accomplished using VV polarization, at an optimal wavelength determined by the competing effects of antenna gain, attenuation in the dust, and the reduction in effective surface roughness with wavelength. P band frequencies (∼1 GHz or less) offer the best opportunity for detection of moderately rough, buried features. (2) The relative roles of surface and subsurface scattering may be determined using measurements in HH and VV polarization, with a channel gain calibration better than 0.5 dB. (3) The thickness of a mantling layer (or ice mass) cannot be directly inferred from multiwavelength observations. Layer thickness may be inferred from the interferometric correlation of backscatter measurements collected on suitably spaced orbital passes, though the required phase measurement accuracy is challenging. While additional information may be gained by collecting scattering data in more polarizations or wavelengths, we suggest that the primary science goals of a Mars-orbiting radar could be accomplished by a single-wavelength system capable of collecting VV and HH polarizations with the calibration and orbit control needed to permit interferometric analysis.
An investigation of absorption-reaction of carbon dioxide in liquid diethanolamine by the direct chromatographic perturbation method

Physical and chemical equilibrium in the carbon dioxide-diethanolamine system was studied by the direct chromatographic method. The amine was present as a coating on the inside of a capillary tube. Carbon dioxide-helium mixtures were passed through the capillary until equilibrium was attained, at which time a sample of C14O2 was injected into the carrier stream. The retention volumes (carrier volume flowed at peak appearance) of concentration and radioactive perturbations were measured at four temperatures and five carrier gas compositions. Static equilibrium solubility of carbon dioxide in the amine was also measured to verify the dynamic results. The theory of reactive chromatographic flow was extended to this system. The concentration and isotope retention volumes, which theory predicts to be different functions of carrier composition, were shown to be self-consistent. The static solubility data was also seen to be consistent with theory and with the direct chromatographic data. The liquid phase of the system appeared to be ideal except at infinite dilution of carbon dioxide. The apparent departure from ideality could be explained in terms of weak ionization of reaction products. Electrical conductivity measurements tend to confirm this hypothesis. Both physical and chemical equilibrium constants for carbon dioxide were obtained at the four temperatures. Gross heat of reaction and apparent ionization heat were also obtained.
Plasma Renin Activity and Its Association With Ischemic Heart Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, and Cerebrovascular Disease in a Large Hypertensive Cohort

Plasma renin activity (PRA) may be a surrogate for vascular damage. The authors hypothesize that PRA is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CED). A cross-sectional study (January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2009) was performed on hypertensive individuals 18 years and older using multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and CED based on PRA quartiles controlling for age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus (DM), and medication use. Among 7887 individuals (60% women; 34% whites, 23% blacks, and 19% Hispanics; and 29% with DM), the adjusted ORs (95% CI) for IHD were 0.94 (0.80-1.10), 1.09 (0.92-1.29), and 1.18 (1.00-1.39); for CHF were 1.23 (0.99-1.53), 1.27 (1.01-1.61), and 1.41 (1.13-1.77); and for CED were 0.95 (0.78-1.17), 0.77 (0.61-0.97), and 0.97 (0.78-1.20) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles compared with the first quartile. Higher PRA was associated with greater likelihood for prevalent IHD and CHF but not CED in this large ethnically diverse population of hypertensive individuals.
Leadership training in science, technology, engineering and mathematics education in Bulgaria

This synthesis paper explores current leadership training in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education in Bulgaria. The analysis begins with discussion of global factors influencing the implementation of leadership training in STEM education in general and then presents information about the current status of leadership training in Bulgaria with emphases on the country's economics, politics and geographical location as specific factors influencing leadership education. A short background of Bulgaria is presented with regard to population, gross domestic product, educational system, engineering force and possible need for leaders in industry in Bulgaria and the European Union. The paper provides an overall view about the current status of leadership training in all Bulgarian universities offering STEM education and concentrates specifically on two major universities by examining their currently offered programmes. As part of the discussion, similar training elements in other Europea...
The Transcription Factor GATA3 Actively Represses RUNX3 Protein-Regulated Production of Interferon-γ

Summary The transcription factor GATA3 is crucial for the differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells into T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Here, we show that deletion of Gata3 allowed the appearance of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing cells in the absence of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IFN-γ. Such IFN-γ production was transcription factor T-bet independent. Another T-box-containing transcription factor Eomes, but not T-bet, was induced both in GATA3-deficient CD4 + T cells differentiated under Th2 cell conditions and in Th2 cells with enforced Runx3 expression, contributing to IFN-γ production. GATA3 overexpression blocked Runx3-mediated Eomes induction and IFN-γ production, and GATA3 protein physically interacted with Runx3 protein. Furthermore, we found that Runx3 directly bound to multiple regulatory elements of the Ifng gene and that blocking Runx3 function in either Th1 or GATA3-deficient "Th2" cells results in diminished IFN-γ production by these cells. Thus, the Runx3-mediated pathway, actively suppressed by GATA3, induces IFN-γ production in a STAT4- and T-bet-independent manner.
Core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia: is molecular monitoring by RT-PCR useful clinically?

Clonal chromosomal abnormalities are the most important prognostic indicators in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Two of the most prevalent cytogenetic subtypes of adult primary AML, t(8;21)(q22;q22) and inv(16)(p13q22)/t(16;16)(p13;q22), are characterized by disruption of the AML1(CBFA2, RUNX1) and CBFbeta genes, respectively, which encode subunits of core binding factor (CBF), a regulator of normal hematopoiesis. At the molecular level, t(8;21) and inv(16)/t(16;16) result in the creation of novel fusion genes, AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11, respectively, which encode fusion transcripts readily detectable by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Although the detection of t(8;21) or inv(16)/t(16;16) in adult patients with primary AML represents a favorable independent prognostic indicator for achievement of cure following intensive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, a substantial number of these patients (i.e. 40-50%) relapse and eventually die of their disease. Therefore, timely identification and therapeutic stratification of those patients deemed at high risk for disease relapse could ultimately result in a further improvement of clinical outcome within these cytogenetic subgroups of AML. As relapse is likely to occur as the result of failure of treatment to completely eradicate leukemic blasts, the detection of the AML1/ETO and CBFbeta/MYH11 fusion transcripts using sensitive RT-PCR assays has been utilized as a surrogate marker for resistant disease and, in turn, to predict disease recurrence during remission. The purpose of this paper is to review the applicability of this strategy to the clinical management of t(8;21) and inv(16)/t(16;16) primary AML, here collectively referred to as CBF AML.
Scapula kinematic alterations following a modified push-up plus task

Scapular kinematic and muscle activity alterations have been identified in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome of the shoulder, including workers and athletes who regularly perform overhead activities. Serratus anterior fatigue is a proposed mechanism for these kinematic alterations, although no direct evidence supports such a relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine three-dimensional scapula kinematics in asymptomatic participants before and after a task intended to preferentially fatigue serratus anterior. Twenty-eight participants completed the study. The experimental task consisted of five repetitions of scapular plane arm elevation and the fatigue task was the isometric hold of scapular protraction in the push-up position. Electromyography of four shoulder muscles was collected during the task to determine level of muscle fatigue, and the Borg CR10 scale was used to assess subjective fatigue. The fatigue task resulted in decreased median power frequency in all four muscles and significantly increased Borg scores. Scapula posterior tilting and internal rotation were most impacted by muscle fatigue, with decreased posterior tilting and increased internal rotation after the task. There was no effect on scapular upward rotation. Effect sizes were low to moderate (.13-.51) where these kinematic alterations reached statistical significance. Shoulder muscle fatigue contributes to scapular kinematic alterations and is a plausible risk factor for subacromial impingement syndrome.
Thermal conductivity of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet paper

Abstract Exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) were produced by acid intercalation followed by thermal exfoliation and a controlled size reduction to produce graphite nanoplatelets of 1–15 μm in lateral dimension and approximately 10 nm in thickness. These highly hydrophobic nanoparticles were dispersed and stabilized in a DI water/polyethyleneimine (PEI, a cationic polyelectrolyte) solution. A free standing, mechanically robust paper of xGnP was prepared by vacuum filtration. The effect of xGnP size, polyelectrolyte coating and paper porosity on thermal transport properties was investigated. It was found that the annealing process improves the thermal conductivity by decomposing the PEI molecule that is adsorbed on the xGnP particles while still maintaining the porosity of the paper. Mechanically compressing the sample effectively reduces the pore volumes within the paper and increases the contact area among individual platelet. The strong alignment effect and larger contact area was evidenced by a 80% increase in in-plane thermal conductivity (178 ± 12 W/mK) and a 10% reduction in through-plane conductivity (1.28 ± 0.12 W/mK). This flexible, lightweight, low-cost, paper material made of xGnP particles is a promising candidate for applications requiring 2D heat conduction.
Is it the blood pressure or the blood vessel

The physiologic link between vascular health and arterial pressure makes it difficult to separate the adverse effects of pressure and vascular functional and structural alterations in determining the adverse complications of hypertension. Since endothelial dysfunction and nitric oxide deficiency are characteristic features of hypertension and of other risk factors for morbid events, it is proposed that blood pressure elevation may be viewed in part as a complication of functional and structural changes in the microcirculation, and that structural changes in the conduit arteries leading to morbid events may be viewed as a complication of both pressure elevation and endothelial dysfunction. Improvement in endothelial dysfunction will relax the microcirculation and lower blood pressure. Thus pressure elevation and its lowering in resposne to treatment serves as a useful guide to the vascular abnormality and its amelioration, but vascular structural abnormalities are the proximate cause of vascular events and therapy aimed at the vasculature rather than the pressure may serve as a more sensitive and specific guide to treatment.
Some cardiovascular aspects of temperature regulation in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis

Abstract 1. 1. Heart rates of desert iguanas were significantly higher during heating than during cooling at all body temperatures ( T b 's) except 40°C. 2. 2. The maximum difference between heart rates occurred at 37°C and averaged 42·2 ± 4·8 (S.E.) beats/min. 3. 3. Injection of the sympathetic blocking agent bretylium tosylate (10 mg/ kg; i.p.) significantly decreased the difference between heart rates at T b 's above 34°C, while atropine had no effect. 4. 4. Cutaneous blood flow, estimated by a 133 Xe clearance technique, increased in response to heating and decreased in response to cooling. 5. 5. In thermostable resting iguanas skin blood flow was twice as high at a mean T b of 37·8°C than at 25·3°C. 6. 6. Changes in cutaneous blood-flow, in response to heating or cooling, occurred locally and were independent of changes in heart rate or T b .
1076 ROTAVIRUSES (RV) OF BOVINE AND HUMAN ORIGIN: IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ADUIITS AND CHILDREN FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION

1076 ROTAVIRUSES (RV) OF BOVINE AND HUMAN ORIGIN: IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ADUIITS AND CHILDREN FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION
Introduction to Methods/Techniques paper section of Experimental Hematology

At the Experimental Hematology Board meeting in July 2005, the Editor, Associate Editors, and board members discussed the possibility of adding a new feature to Experimental Hematology, a review of a number of techniques used by many members of the society and readers of the journal. In this issue of Experimental Hematology, the first series of such technical papers is being published on the topic of adherent bone marrow cell cultures. First reported in 1976, Fridenshtein showed that bone marrow contains adherent cells, which he called ‘‘fibroblast colony-forming cells’’ and which have since been termed ‘‘marrow stromal cells’’ and ‘‘mesenchymal stem cells’’ (MSCs) in addition to hematopoietic stem cells. MSCs were initially isolated as the plastic adherent fraction of bone marrow [1]. The general protocol for isolating MSCs from bone marrow involves isolation of the mononuclear cells (usually by gradient centrifugation) and seeding these cells on tissue culture plates in medium containing fetal bovine serum. After the attachment of adherent cell fraction, the medium is removed to eliminate nonadherent cells and the adherent cells are expanded for a number of passages. Since the initial description of these cells, many groups have isolated adherent cells from bone marrow of rodents and larger mammals using slightly different techniques [2‐6]. The cell surface phenotype, expressed gene pattern, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation abilities of the resulting cell populations differ depending on the technique used to isolate the adherent cell population. To better allow our members and readers to compare the different techniques and recapitulate them in their own laboratories, we invited most of the investigators currently working with these cell populations to provide a technical description of the methods they use to isolate adherent cell population. A number of the authors responded to the inquiry and have provided us with detailed technical descriptions for the isolation of MSCs from rat and human bone marrow, human bone marrow-derived multipotent stem cells, pluripotent unrestricted somatic stem cells, marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible cells, and multipotent adult progenitor cells. We believe that this new feature of the Experimental Hematology will allow our readers to directly compare different methods of generating adherent cell populations from human or rodent bone marrow and apply them to their in vitro or in vivo studies.
Multigrid implementation of a hypothesis-testing approach to parametric blur identification and image restoration

A new procedure for parametric blur identification and image reconstruction is developed. It is shown that it is possible to identify the parametric blur and to reconstruct the underlying image simultaneously because the blurred image effectively lives in different spaces for sufficiently different values of the blur parameters. Using this fact, we formulate the blur-identification problem as a generalized hypothesis-testing problem with unequal a priori probabilities. The a priori probabilities are determined in such a way as to minimize the probability of incorrectly identifying the blur. This formulation leads to a sequence of statistical hypothesis tests that involve the projections of the observed noisy image on the null space of the adjoint of the blurring operator representation of the imaging system. A truncated pseudoinverse type of restoration technique is used to reconstruct the original image. Both the projections and the truncated pseudoinverse solution are computed with the use of a multigrid iterative scheme. Furthermore, the statistical tests are done in an optimal order to minimize the total number of tests that have to be performed.
Spatial Separation of Large Earthquakes, Aftershocks, and Background Seismicity: Analysis of Interseismic and Coseismic Seismicity Patterns in Southern California

We associate waveform-relocated background seismicity and aftershocks with the 3-D shapes of late Quaternary fault zones in southern California. Major earthquakes that can slip more than several meters, aftershocks, and near-fault background seismicity mostly rupture different surfaces within these fault zones. Major earthquakes rupture along the mapped traces of the late Quaternary faults, called the principal slip zones (PSZs). Aftershocks occur either on or in the immediate vicinity of the PSZs, typically within zones that are ±2-km wide. In contrast, the near-fault background seismicity is mostly accommodated on a secondary heterogeneous network of small slip surfaces, and forms spatially decaying distributions extending out to distances of ±10 km from the PSZs. We call the regions where the enhanced rate of background seismicity occurs, the seismic damage zones. One possible explanation for the presence of the seismic damage zones and associated seismicity is that the damage develops as faults accommodate bends and geometrical irregularities in the PSZs. The seismic damage zones mature and reach their finite width early in the history of a fault, during the first few kilometers of cumulative offset. Alternatively, the similarity in width of seismic damage zones suggests that most fault zones are of almost equal strength, although the amount of cumulative offset varies widely. It may also depend on the strength of the fault zone, the time since the last major earthquake as well as other parameters. In addition, the seismic productivity appears to be influenced by the crustal structure and heat flow, with more extensive fault networks in regions of thin crust and high heat flow.
The Structures of [24-Pyrimidinium crown-6][Au(CN)2]4(NO3)2·2H2O, [24-Pyrimidinium crown-6][Au(CN)2]6·5H2O, and [16-Pyrimidinium crown-4][Au(CN)2]4·6.5 H2O, in Which Aurophilic Interactions Produce Trimers, Tetramers, and Chains of Au(CN)2- Ions

The cyclic polypyrimidinium cations [24-pyrimidinium crown-6], [(C6H8N3)6]6+, and [16-pyrimidinium crown-4], [(C6H8N3)4]4+, form colorless salts with the dicyanoaurate(I) anion. [24-Pyrimidinium crown-6][Au(CN)2]4(NO3)2·2H2O (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 (No. 2) with unit cell dimensions a = 10.64(1) A, b = 10.73(1) A, c = 13.57(1) A, α = 71.72(8)°, β = 82.01(9)°, γ = 83.90(9)°, and V = 1455(3) A3. [24-Pyrimidinium crown-6][Au(CN)2]6·5H2O (2) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 (No. 2) with unit cell dimensions a = 11.780(5) A, b = 12.064(4) A, c = 13.268(4) A, α = 102.56(1)°, β = 112.14(1)°, γ = 101.82(1)°, and V = 1617(1) A3. [16-Pyrimidinium crown-4][Au(CN)2]4·6.5H2O (3) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with unit cell dimensions a = 39.50(2) A, b = 13.160(7) A, c = 17.83(7) A, β = 90.66(3)°, and V = 9268(39) A3. Structures 1 and 3 contain similar centrosymmetric zigzag tetramers of Au(CN)2- anions, with a terminal Au−Au distance of 3.271(4) A and an...
Rheology of the mantle

There have been two main avenues of investigation of the rheology of the mantle: theoretical and laboratory studies of the mechanical behavior of solids and direct estimates obtained by comparing geologic observations with model calculations in which rheological parameters are the principal variables. Studies of large-scale mantle flow, such as convection, might also put some constraints on mantle rheology, although at the present better knowledge of the rheology is needed to specify suitable models for investigation. The main advances of the last 4 years in our understanding of mantle rheology have been in the realization that the lower mantle may be less resistant to creep than was previously believed and in the realization and preliminary investigation of the complexities of the convection problem.
Achieving balance in academic surgery.

For many young surgeons starting out in an academic career as research fellows or junior faculty members, it is difficult to achieve balance between professional goals, their desire to success in setting up a research program, and their family life. Thus, many struggle to some extent at the beginning of the academic career to find their particular state of equilibrium for the academic career; some continue to struggle for the rest of their academic career. In this article, I am looking at common problems and possible solutions for this problem. I do this with the understanding that there are neither ideal recipes nor prescriptions that work every time and for every man or woman. I would also like to emphasize that I do not claim to have found a perfect solution to a balanced lifestyle even for my own life as an academician and surgeon-scientist. Nonetheless, I will discuss views and experiences and attempt to come up with some suggestions as a first beginning of a discussion that appears overdue in academic surgery. Most colleagues I have spoken to about professional balance agreed with me that this is indeed a very important issue. An issue that every person who is considering a career in academic surgery should give considerable thought. However, interestingly, very few
Summer Microhabitat Use of Fluvial Bull Trout in Eastern Oregon Streams

Abstract The management and recovery of populations of bull trout Salvelinus confluentus requires a comprehensive understanding of habitat use across different systems, life stages, and life history forms. To address these needs, we collected microhabitat use and availability data in three fluvial populations of bull trout in eastern Oregon. We evaluated diel differences in microhabitat use, the consistency of microhabitat use across systems and size-classes based on preference, and our ability to predict bull trout microhabitat use. Diel comparisons suggested bull trout continue to use deeper microhabitats with cover but shift into significantly slower habitats during nighttime periods; however, we observed no discrete differences in substrate use patterns across diel periods. Across life stages, we found that both juvenile and adult bull trout used slow-velocity microhabitats with cover, but the use of specific types varied. Both logistic regression and habitat preference analyses suggested that adult b...
ADAM-10 Message Is Expressed in Human Articular Cartilage

The depletion of the pericellular and territorial matrices in articular cartilage is considered to be one of the earliest events in pathobiology of osteoarthritis (OA). A newly discovered family of proteins with a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase-like domain (ADAM) may be involved in matrix degradation as well as in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The purpose of this study was to determine by in situ hybridization whether human articular chondrocytes from newborn, normal adult, and OA cartilages express messenger RNA for ADAM-10, one of the members of this family, and by semiquantitative RTPCR to compare the levels of this expression. The results confirmed the expression of ADAM-10 by human articular chondrocytes and revealed the highest levels of expression in the continuously remodeling cartilage of newborns and the most fibrillated areas of OA cartilage, especially the regions of cell clusters. Importantly, ADAM-10 mRNA expression was evident in tissues with the greatest loss of Safranin ...
Synthesis and antitumor activity of sulfur-containing 9-anilinoacridines.

A series of sulfur-containing 9-anilinoacridines related to amsacrine were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer potential. Among the compounds, both diol-containing compounds, 2a and 3, were the most cytotoxic of the sulfide series against V-79 cells in vitro (IC90 ) 2.1 IM and 1.9 IM, respectively). Among the non-alkyl-substituted compounds (7-9), compounds with electron-donating substitution para to the sulfide (7 and 9) were more cytotoxic than the electron-withdrawing nitro-substituted compound 8. The limited SAR suggested the importance of hydroxyl functionality along with its location for the cytotoxicity in the series. A preliminary anticancer screening against P388 leukemia showed that 2a is highly active in vivo as well. Topoisomerase II inhibitory activity appeared to be involved in the cytotoxicity of compound 2a. Sulfoxide compound 2b, which is 6-7-fold less cytotoxic than its sulfide 2a, appears to be a potential bioreductive anticancer prodrug on the basis of its bioreductive metabolism findings.
Stochastic modeling of chemical processes

Conventional simulation models and process simulators treat the design variables in process calculations deterministically. Such an approach does not take into consideration the implicit and explicit uncertainties typically associated with process flowsheets, especially at the early stages of process development. This paper presents a new stochastic modeling capability implemented in the ASPEN process simulator, which provides a useful tool for design, analysis and decision-making in the face of uncertainties. The use of this new capability is illustrated for simple and complex chemical process flowsheets.
Optical Tracers of Polymer Phase Transitions

Phthalocyanine and quinacridone pigments have been used in a variety of photovoltaic devices [1]. These pigments find utility as photoreceptors in xerography, photoelectrochemical devices and model solar cells [2]. They are of particular interest because of their high absorption in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and their inherent chemical and thermal stability [3]. Asymmetric quinacridones demonstrate significant NLO properties. In recent years, devices based on quinacridones have shown great promise. In a few of these applications thin films of quinacridones, prepared by vacuum sublimation, are deposited onto electrode materials, however, in almost all other applications, the insoluble pigment is dispersed in a polymer binder at relatively high concentration [4]. Polymeric binders include polycarbonates and polyalkylmethacrylates [5].
A pavement condition-rating model using backpropagation neural networks

This paper presents the development of a neural-network system for the condition rating of flexible pavements. The system was trained and tested using data and criteria established by the Oregon State Department of Transportation (ODOT). The generalization feature of the proposed system was verified by actual condition-rating data.
Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for improved detection of human metapneumovirus

Background Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a paramyxovirus with multiple genetic lineages that is a leading cause of acute respiratory disease. Several RT-PCR assays have been described based on limited available sequence data.
Hidden Gems Among Clinical Psychology Training Programs

As a result of CoA-mandated program disclosure being initiated in 2006, there are now sufficient data available to allow for analyses that compare clinical psychology programs on a range of variables, including student outcomes. This standardized data, in concert with other sources of publically available data (i.e., APPIC and ASPPB), allow for programs to be compared empirically in new ways. Using SEM, in this Study 80.6% of the variance in clinical psychology training programs’ outcomes (i.e., internship match and licensure exam performances) was accounted for by predoctoral characteristics (measured by GPA and GRE scores). Analyses then identified programs that produced exceptionally better outcomes than expected, given their predoctoral characteristics. The identified top programs were next compared on a range of department level training-relevant variables to similar programs, but whose outcomes were equal to or worse than expected. Findings are discussed and future directions for research and policy are suggested.
White on whiteness: becoming radicalized about race

Race difference and whiteness--key elements in the construction of my cultural identity - became a focus of my reflective practice that began over 5 years ago. This article reflects critically on the production of white identity from my social location as a white nurse. My attention focused on two aspects of whiteness: the social location from which I live and learn, and the hegemonic but unmarked discourse that informs the knowledge I read and create as a researcher. My white identity is characterized by four features: the absent presence of whiteness; the need for an oppositional identity; the entitlement of choice and subjectivity; and the denial of a dominant position and relation to the racialized Other. Exploring these features is critically important at this juncture in global and professional history because of the persistence of neoliberalism and the popularity of culturalist approaches to diversity. Examining the process of my radicalization about race simultaneously calls attention to the historiography of ideas about whiteness and race difference and the institutionalization of beliefs and practices about race difference that continuously reproduce racialized identities and inform collective nursing practice and research.
Simultaneous concentration and detection of biomarkers on paper

The lateral-flow immunoassay (LFA) is an inexpensive point-of-care (POC) paper-based diagnostic device with the potential to rapidly detect disease biomarkers in resource-poor settings. Although LFA is inexpensive, easy to use, and requires no laboratory equipment, it is limited by its sensitivity, which remains inferior to that of gold standard laboratory-based assays. Our group is the only one to have previously utilized various aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) to enhance LFA detection. In those studies, the sample was concentrated by an ATPS in a test tube and could only be applied to LFA after it had been extracted manually. Here, we bypass the extraction step by seamlessly integrating a polyethylene glycol–potassium phosphate ATPS with downstream LFA detection in a simple, inexpensive, power-free, and portable all-in-one diagnostic device. We discovered a new phenomenon in which the target biomarkers simultaneously concentrate as the ATPS solution flows through the paper membranes, and our device features a 3-D paper well that was designed to exploit this phenomenon. Studies with this device, which were performed at room temperature in under 25 min, demonstrated a 10-fold improvement in the detection limit of a model protein, transferrin. Our next-generation LFA technology is rapid, affordable, easy-to-use, and can be applied to existing LFA products, thereby providing a new platform for revolutionizing the current state of disease diagnosis in resource-poor settings.
Role of emergency medicine residency programs in determining emergency medicine career choice among medical students

Study objective: To characterize the role of emergency medicine residency programs in determining emergency medicine career choice among medical students. Design: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study. Information on student career choice was obtained through a targeted query of the National Resident Matching Program data base, simultaneously stratified by specialty and school, and adjusted for class size. Participants: All accredited emergency medicine residency programs and four-year allopathic medical schools. Results: Fifty-two schools (42%) had a closely affiliated emergency medicine residency program, ie, one based primarily at the institution's main teaching hospital(s). This configuration was associated with a 70% increase in the median proportion of students choosing emergency medicine as a career when compared to the 73 schools with no closely affiliated emergency medicine residency (5.1 % vs 3.0%, P P P Conclusion: An emergency medicine residency program that is closely affiliated with a medical school is strongly and independently associated with a quantitatively and statistically significant increase in the proportion of students from that school who choose a career in emergency medicine. These data support the proposition that, if emergency medicine is to meet national manpower shortage needs by attracting students to the specialty, it must establish residency programs within the primary teaching hospital(s) of medical schools. Such a configuration does not currently exist in the majority of schools.
An Intermediate Model of the Tropical Pacific Ocean

Abstract An intermediate tropical Pacific Ocean model is developed to bridge the gap between anomaly models of El Nino and ocean general circulation models. The model contains essential physics for reproducing both the annual and interannual variations of sea surface temperature (SST). A new parameterization scheme for entrained water temperature is shown to work satisfactorily in both the cold tongues and warm pools. This scheme combines the Cane-Zebiak (CZ) model's dynamic framework and mixed layer physics, giving a more realistic description of the active tropical ocean. Incorporation of the Niiler-Kraus scheme for turbulent entrainment enables the model to better simulate El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the central equatorial Pacific where the CZ model considerably underestimates observed SST variations. It also improves the model's performance on the seasonal cycle, especially in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The potential energy generation indu...