cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Female Drivers in the United States, 1963–2010: From a Minority to a Majority?

Objective: This study examined the changes in the relative proportions of male and female drivers between 1963 and 2010. Method: The analysis used data from the Federal Highway Administration. Results: During the period examined, the proportion of male drivers has gradually decreased. In 1963, males represented 60.4 percent of all drivers. Males became a minority in 2005. In 2010, they constituted 49.7 percent. A consideration of both the percentage of drivers by gender and the average annual miles driven by gender revealed that in 1963 about 76 percent of drivers on the road were males, which dropped to about 59 percent by 2010. Conclusions: Currently, females with a driver's license are slightly outnumbering males. However, because females drive less than males, the overall likelihood that a given driver on the road today is a female is still less than 50 percent.
Characterization of the inhibition of renal translation in the Sprague-Dawley rat following in vivo cyclosporin A

Abstract “Run-off” translation assays in microsomes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats were used to examine the capacity of cyclosporin A (CsA) to alter translation elongation. CsA added in vitro in concentrations of up to 100 μg/ml did not reduce “run-off” translation measured as 3 H- L -leucine incorporation in microsomes isolated from the rat kidney or thymus. In contrast, the oral administration of CsA at 50 mg/kg/day for 6 days resulted in reductions in 3 H- L -leucine incorporation by microsomes isolated from rat kidneys and unstimulated thymus to 21.6 and 83.0% of control values, respectively. In cross-over experiments between renal microsomal and cytoplasmic fractions, 3 H- L -leucine incorporation was inhibited following the addition of renal cytoplasm from CsA treated rats to renal microsomal fractions from control vehicle treated rats. Translation inhibition was still observed when renal cytoplasm from CsA treated rats was added along with renal cytoplasm from control rats to renal microsomes isolated from rats treated with control vehicle. Reductions in renal 3 H- L -leucine incorporation were not due to a stimulation of renal protease activity. Experiments varying the concentration of individual components of the microsomal translation assays suggested that renal microsomes from CsA treated animals were saturated with substrate or cofactor at lower concentrations than control microsomes. Time course experiments showed a marked reduction in the duration and extent of 3 H- L -leucine incorporation by renal microsomes from CsA treated animals compared to controls. Sucrose density gradient analysis of microsomes from CsA treated animals confirmed that elongation was inhibited. These findings suggest that the in vivo administration of CsA results in the formation of a direct-acting inhibitor of renal translation rather than reducing translation by producing changes in renal transcription. The observation that renal translation is inhibited only after in vivo CsA suggests that a CsA metabolite formed in, or taken up by, the kidney produces translation inhibition, or that a cellular product involved in translation or translation regulation is formed or induced. We propose that the CsA induced inhibition of renal translation elongation accounts, at least in part, for CsA-induced nephrotoxicity.
NATURALLY OCCURRING ENZYME ACTIVITY VARIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. SOURCES OF VARIATION FOR 23 ENZYMES

The genetic component of variation of enzyme activity levels in Drosophila melanogaster was investigated by using 48 second- and 48 third-chromosome isogenic substitution lines derived from natural populations. The results confirm those of our earlier experiments with the same lines and extend them to a number of additional enzymes. All 23 enzymes show a significant genetic component to the variation in one or both sets of lines and only a small part of this variation is accounted for by variation among the lines in the amount of tissue per fly. The magnitude of line effects is, in most cases, considerably larger than the magnitude of environmental and measurement error effects, and the line effects are approximately continuous in distribution. Variation in the geographic origin and karyotype of the chromosomes generally does not contribute to the line component of variation, but allozymes provide an important source of variation for a few of the enzymes. Many of the enzymes show evidence for variation of activity modifiers that are not linked to the structural locus of the enzyme.
The shear strengths of some solidified gases

Abstract The shear strengths of solid argon, krypton and hydrogen have been measured at pressures up to 8000 kg/cm 2 in an extrusion apparatus. Argon and krypton were examined at 77°K; hydrogen at 4.2°K. Indium was also tested at room temperature and served as a control. The shear strength of the solidified gases, which was initially in the range from 1 to 20 kg/cm 2 , was found to increase by about an order of magnitude in the pressure range investigated.
The Dependent Elderly Population A Function of Retirement

Through use of the double-decrement life table technique, the relative impact of changing retirement and mortality schedules on male departure from the labor force is examined for the years 1970 and 1975. The results reveal that the influence of retirement behavior on the labor force participation rate is much greater than that of mortality. In spite of modest declines in the mortality rates between 1970 and 1975, greater retirement rates in 1975 consistently reduced the proportion in the labor force and significantly lowered the average number of working years left at every age interval but one. While the increase in the proportion of the population over 65 is an unavoidable certainty based on previous fertility behavior, it appears that an important element of the problem of the dependent elderly is the result of voluntary individual actions that are manageable through public policy.
Jeffrey Veidlinger. The Moscow State Yiddish Theater: Jewish Culture on the Soviet Stage . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000. ix, 356 pp.

The October Revolution fostered the rise to prominence of two of the greatest Jewish art theatres of the twentieth century: the Hebrew-language Habima and the Yiddish-language Moscow State Yiddish Theater, the latter commonly referred to by its Russian acronym, Goset. The impetus for their creation predated the Revolution, with roots, respectively, in Bialystok and Petrograd; but it was only after they established themselves in Moscow that they spread their wings and attained artistic heights that would ensure a place in the annals of world theatre. Both were important participants in the great flowering of the Russian stage during the 1920s, a period that seethed with revolutionary fervor, as Moscow took the vanguard as the incubator for theatrical experimentation. It was here that the theories and artistic silhouette of the modern stage were examined, reshaped, and reinvented with an unwavering conviction that theatre matters, that it has the power to transform society.
Tumors and Tumor-Like Conditions of Bone

This chapter first discusses general principles of tumor imaging, including both characteristics of benign and malignant tumors and utility of different imaging modalities. It then enters an in-depth discussion of benign tumors and tumor-like lesions, addressing cystic, cartilaginous, osseous, fibro-osseous, and vascular lesions, along with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. It concludes with a review of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, the more common malignant tumors, as well as chondrosarcoma, lymphoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and metastatic disease.
From Dissecting Cadavers to Dissecting Genomes

When William Harvey, the physician-anatomist known as the father of the circulatory system, dissected the bodies of his deceased father and sister in the early 17th century, it foreshadowed the future of medicine. Harvey found that his father’s colon and sister’s spleen were remarkably large,
A new amplifier power combining scheme with optimum efficiency under variable outputs

This paper presents a new power combining scheme, which has either one or four amplifiers on depending upon the levels of input signal. This approach realized by utilizing a unique combiner that is lossless and has constant gain under both scenarios. As a result, for the system where variable output power is required, this combining scheme can be used in an amplifier design with optimum efficiency. Measurement data show 15% power efficiency for the four-amplifier scenario and 28% for the single amplifier scenario at 13dBm input power. We also investigate the possibility of using this combiner in an envelope tracking amplifier.
Combinatorial solution to the partitioning of general graphs

This paper reviews a dynamic programming procedure for the partitioning of connected graphs with integer-weighted nodes and positive valued edges. The upper bound on the number of feasible partitions generated using this technique is shown to grow factorially in the number of graph nodes. The use of graph properties is then introduced to reduce the number of feasible partitions generated in the determination of the optimal partition. Depending upon the structure of the graph, the usoef these properties can cause a significant reduction in the computation time and storage space required to partition the graph.
Early loss of heart rate complexity predicts mortality regardless of mechanism, anatomic location, or severity of injury in 2178 trauma patients.

Background Reduced heart rate (HR) complexity (e.g., a lack of randomness or unpatterned variability) is an established predictor of trauma patient mortality. However, this finding has not been validated across the diverse spectrum of traumatic injury, and underlying mechanisms of this relationship are poorly understood. Materials and Methods Two thousand one hundred seventy-eight trauma patients were admitted directly to the intensive care unit (ICU), and had sufficient (>6 h) continuous integer heart rate data within the first d. Patients were stratified by location of isolated severe injury (head, torso, both, or neither), primary mechanism (blunt or penetrating), and probability of survival, an accepted scoring system based on age, admission vital signs, and injury type and severity. HR multiscale entropy (MSE) was calculated (sum of scales, Costa's algorithm, physionet.org , m = 2, r = 0.15) to estimate complexity. Univariate analysis was performed by comparing MSE between survivors and nonsurvivors in each subgroup. Multivariate analysis incorporated logistic regression to characterize the relationship between MSE and risk of death, controlling for probability of survival. The MSE odds ratios (OR) and area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) were calculated. Results Reduced MSE was significantly associated with increasing mortality, and was independent of probability of survival in all multivariate analyses (OR 0.87–0.94). This range of odds ratios implies that a patient with an MSE of 15 has roughly a 2- to 6-fold increase in odds of death versus a patient with an MSE of 25. The relationship between MSE and death was moderately stronger in patients with isolated severe head injury versus torso injury, and significantly stronger in patients with penetrating versus blunt mechanism of injury. MSE measured early in the hospital stay remained a robust predictor of mortality in all subgroups, even stratified by narrow ranges of probability of survival. Conclusions Early reduction of heart rate complexity is an important risk factor across diverse injury etiology. This suggests common underlying physiologic mechanisms linking the loss of biologic complexity to death.
CT Angiography of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

Lower extremity computed tomography angiography (CTA) is an effective, noninvasive, and robust imaging modality that is being used increasingly to evaluate patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). It is important for vascular and interventional radiologists, and vascular surgeons to be familiar with the strengths and limitations, diagnostic accuracy, and practical application of lower extremity CTA. In this article, we review the technical principles of image acquisition, visualization techniques to effectively interpret the large volumetric datasets generated, and the current practical application of lower extremity CTA with respect to PAOD.
Molecular biology of PCSK9: its role in LDL metabolism

Proprotein convertase subtilisin-like kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a newly discovered serine protease that destroys low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in liver and thereby controls the level of LDL in plasma. Mutations that increase PCSK9 activity cause hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease (CHD); mutations that inactivate PCSK9 have the opposite effect, lowering LDL levels and reducing CHD. Although the mechanism of PCSK9 action is not yet clear, the protease provides a new therapeutic target to lower plasma levels of LDL and prevent CHD.
Global variation in CYP2C8–CYP2C9 functional haplotypes

We have studied the global frequency distributions of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 132 kb of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 in approximately 2500 individuals representing 45 populations. Five of the SNPs were in noncoding sequences; the other five involved the more common missense variants (four in CYP2C8, one in CYP2C9) that change amino acids in the gene products. One haplotype containing two CYP2C8 coding variants and one CYP2C9 coding variant reaches an average frequency of 10% in Europe; a set of haplotypes with a different CYP2C8 coding variant reaches 17% in Africa. In both cases these haplotypes are found in other regions of the world at <1%. This considerable geographic variation in haplotype frequencies impacts the interpretation of CYP2C8/CYP2C9 association studies, and has pharmacogenomic implications for drug interactions.
Mapping of cardiac electrical activity by means of a 3D heart-excitation-model

We have developed methods for localizing and imaging cardiac activation within the three-dimensional (3D) myocardium by means of a heart-excitation-model. The site of origin and sequence of myocardial activation are estimated by minimizing multiple objective functions of the measured and the heart-model-generated body surface potential maps (BSPMs). Computer simulation studies have been conducted to evaluate the developed 3D localization and imaging approach, using a pacing protocol. A pilot experimental study was also conducted to assess the performance of the localization procedure in localizing the site of origin of ventricular activation. Our promising results suggest that the developed method may become an alternative in mapping cardiac activation.
Adaptive robust control of uncertain systems

A class of dynamical systems with time-varying uncertainty is considered. No statistical information of the uncertainty is imposed. The nominal portion (i.e. the portion without uncertainty) of the system is stabilizable. The uncertainty is either assumed to be matched or not too much far away from matching. Moreover, the uncertainty is to be cone-bounded. The bound is, however, unknown. The control design is only based on the deterministic properties related to the bound of uncertainty. An adaptive scheme is adopted to track the bound. The feedback information is the state with measurement noise. >
In vivo Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone on Red Blood Cells Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase:

SummaryDehydroepiandrosterone, a potent in vitro inhibitor of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, produced a significant decrease in the activity of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of the red blood cells of a normal adult man when administered orally in doses of 100 mg for 3 consecutive days.
Probing Nucleation Mechanism of Self-Catalyzed InN Nanostructures

The nucleation and evolution of InN nanowires in a self-catalyzed growth process have been investigated to probe the microscopic growth mechanism of the self-catalysis and a model is proposed for high pressure growth window at ~760 Torr. In the initial stage of the growth, amorphous InNx microparticles of cone shape in liquid phase form with assistance of an InNx wetting layer on the substrate. InN crystallites form inside the cone and serve as the seeds for one-dimensional growth along the favorable [0001] orientation, resulting in single-crystalline InN nanowire bundles protruding out from the cones. An amorphous InNx sheath around the faucet tip serves as the interface between growing InN nanowires and the incoming vapors of indium and nitrogen and supports continuous growth of InN nanowires in a similar way to the oxide sheath in the oxide-assisted growth of other semiconductor nanowires. Other InN 1D nanostructures, such as belts and tubes, can be obtained by varying the InN crystallites nucleation and initiation process.
Contribution of aldehyde oxidizing enzymes on the metabolism of 3,4-dimethoxy-2-phenylethylamine to 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid by guinea pig liver slices.

Background/Aims: 3,4-Dimethoxy-2-phenylethylamine is catalyzed to its aldehyde derivative by monoamine oxidase B, but the subsequent oxidation into the corresponding acid has not yet been studied. Oxidation of aromatic aldehydes is catalyzed mainly by aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. Methods: The present study examines the metabolism of 3,4-dimethoxy-2-phenylethylamine in vitro and in freshly prepared and cryopreserved guinea pig liver slices and the relative contribution of different aldehyde-oxidizing enzymes was estimated by pharmacological means. Results: 3,4-Dimethoxy-2- phenylethylamine was converted into the corresponding aldehyde when incubated with monoamine oxidase and further oxidized into the acid when incubated with both, monoamine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase. In freshly prepared and cryopreserved liver slices, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid was the main metabolite of 3,4-dimethoxy-2- phenylethylamine. 3,4-Dimethoxyphenylacetic acid formation was inhibited by 85% from disulfiram (aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor) and by 75-80% from isovanillin (aldehyde oxidase inhibitor), whereas allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor) inhibited acid formation by only 25-30%. Conclusions: 3,4- Dimethoxy-2-phenylethylamine is oxidized mainly to its acid, via 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde, by aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase with a lower contribution from xanthine oxidase.
PoliMakE: a policy making engine for secure embedded software execution on chip-multiprocessors

Secure software execution on chip-multiprocessor platforms is compromised by threats such as software-based side channel attacks that expose information from shared memory. The increasing amount of shared (memory or computational) resources on emerging chip-multiprocessors further exacerbates security threats, highlighting the need for secure policies to manage on-chip resources. We present PoliMakE, a methodology that enables exploration and generation of customized policies to guarantee secure software execution on a chip-multiprocessor system in the presence of software-based side channel attacks. PoliMakE analyzes an application's security needs and generates a series of custom policies that dictate how to safely execute tasks and efficiently manage the computational, communication, and memory resources. Our experimental results on DRM, JPEG as well as some synthetic applications show that PoliMakE enables secure software execution with minimal performance overhead, while reducing power consumption, since the policies are customized to efficiently utilize the available on-chip resources. For the case study of running DRM in secure mode concurrently with JPEG encoding, we are able to observe 61% performance improvement when compared to standard approaches. Our policy generation engine is able to generate policies in only a matter of minutes for secure applications with hundreds of tasks. Unsecure applications were observed to resume execution up to 99% faster than with the traditional halt approach.
People-LDA: Anchoring Topics to People using Face Recognition

Topic models have recently emerged as powerful tools for modeling topical trends in documents. Often the resulting topics are broad and generic, associating large groups of people and issues that are loosely related. In many cases, it may be desirable to influence the direction in which topic models develop. In this paper, we explore the idea of centering topics around people. In particular, given a large corpus of images featuring collections of people and associated captions, it seems natural to extract topics specifically focussed on each person. What words are most associated with George Bush? Which with Condoleezza Rice? Since people play such an important role in life, it is natural to anchor one topic to each person. In this paper, we present People-LDA, which uses the coherence efface images in news captions to guide the development of topics. In particular, we show how topics can be refined to be more closely related to a single person (like George Bush) rather than describing groups of people in a related area (like politics). To do this we introduce a new graphical model that tightly couples images and captions through a modern face recognizer. In addition to producing topics that are people specific (using images as a guiding force), the model also performs excellent soft clustering efface images, using the language model to boost performance. We present a variety of experiments comparing our method to recent developments in topic modeling and joint image-language modeling, showing that our model has lower perplexity for face identification than competing models and produces more refined topics.
Multi-hop routing is order-optimal in underwater extended networks

Capacity scaling laws are analyzed in an underwater acoustic network with n regularly located nodes. A narrow-band model is assumed where the carrier frequency is allowed to scale as a function of n. In the network, we characterize an attenuation parameter that depends on the frequency scaling as well as the transmission distance. A cut-set upper bound on the throughput scaling is then derived in extended networks. Our result indicates that the upper bound is inversely proportional to the attenuation parameter, thus resulting in a highly power-limited network. Furthermore, we describe an achievable scheme based on the simple nearest-neighbor multi-hop (MH) transmission. It is shown under extended networks that the MH scheme is order-optimal as the attenuation parameter scales exponentially with √n (or faster). Finally, these scaling results are extended to a random network realization.
Integration and saturation within the circadian photic entrainment pathway of hamsters

The sensitivity of the visual pathway that subserves circadian entrainment was measured in hamsters after prior stimulation and using trains of multiple pulses. Immediately after subsaturating stim...
Analysis of Translesion DNA Synthesis by the Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase γ

Mitochondrial DNA is replicated by the nuclear-encoded DNA polymerase γ (pol γ) which is composed of a single 140 kDa catalytic subunit and a dimeric 55 kDa accessory subunit. Mitochondrial DNA is vulnerable to various forms of damage, including several types of oxidative lesions, UV-induced photoproducts, chemical adducts from environmental sources, as well as alkylation and inter-strand cross-links from chemotherapy agents. Although many of these lesions block DNA replication, pol γ can bypass some lesions by nucleotide incorporation opposite a template lesion and further extension of the DNA primer past the lesion. This process of translesion synthesis (TLS) by pol γ can occur in either an error-free or an error-prone manner. Assessment of TLS requires extensive analysis of oligonucleotide substrates and replication products by denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels. This chapter presents protocols for the analysis of translesion DNA synthesis.
A new species of Ripipteryx from the Ecuadorian Andes (Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea: Ripipterygidae)

A new species of Ripipteryx Newman (Orthoptera: Tridactyloidea: Ripipterygidae) is described from a fragment of primary Andean forest on the slopes of the extinct Pasochoa volcano in Pichincha Province, northern Ecuador. Ripipteryx pasochoensis sp. nov. is distinguished from congeners by the morphology of the male terminalia, particularly the structure of the subgenital plate. Based on colouration, modification of the subgenital plate and structure of the phallic complex, the new species is assigned to the Forceps Group and appears most closely related to Ripipteryx processata Gunther. Keys to the species groups of Ripipteryx and to the species of the Forceps Group are provided, and a preliminary subgeneric classification appended.
Solid-State NMR of Membrane Proteins in Phospholipid Bilayers

Membrane proteins in their native liquid crystalline phospholipid bilayer environment are inherently dynamic and difficult to study by conventional methods such as X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is an advanced method to study membrane protein topology and structure at atomic resolution. Additionally, it enables the measurement of local and global dynamics over a broad range of timescales. We provide an overview of rotationally aligned solid-state NMR, a method to investigate unmodified membrane proteins in their native-like environment under physiological conditions of temperature, pH, hydration, and ionic strength.
Impact of meat and Lower Palaeolithic food processing techniques on chewing in humans

The origins of the genus Homo are murky, but by H. erectus, bigger brains and bodies had evolved that, along with larger foraging ranges, would have increased the daily energetic requirements of hominins. Yet H. erectus differs from earlier hominins in having relatively smaller teeth, reduced chewing muscles, weaker maximum bite force capabilities, and a relatively smaller gut. This paradoxical combination of increased energy demands along with decreased masticatory and digestive capacities is hypothesized to have been made possible by adding meat to the diet, by mechanically processing food using stone tools, or by cooking. Cooking, however, was apparently uncommon until 500,000 years ago, and the effects of carnivory and Palaeolithic processing techniques on mastication are unknown. Here we report experiments that tested how Lower Palaeolithic processing technologies affect chewing force production and efficacy in humans consuming meat and underground storage organs (USOs). We find that if meat comprised one-third of the diet, the number of chewing cycles per year would have declined by nearly 2 million (a 13% reduction) and total masticatory force required would have declined by 15%. Furthermore, by simply slicing meat and pounding USOs, hominins would have improved their ability to chew meat into smaller particles by 41%, reduced the number of chews per year by another 5%, and decreased masticatory force requirements by an additional 12%. Although cooking has important benefits, it appears that selection for smaller masticatory features in Homo would have been initially made possible by the combination of using stone tools and eating meat.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma: Is there a correlation with flow and perfusion metrics obtained with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI?

Purpose To assess the correlation between intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) metrics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver parenchyma. Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients with HCC (M/F 23/2, mean age 58 years) underwent abdominal MRI at 1.5 or 3.0T, including IVIM-DWI (with 16 b-values) and DCE-MRI (3D FLASH sequence, mean temporal resolution of 2.3 sec). IVIM-DWI parameters (pseudodiffusion coefficient, D*, diffusion coefficient, D, and perfusion fraction, PF) were quantified in HCC lesions and liver parenchyma using a Bayesian fitting algorithm. DCE-MRI parameters (arterial flow, Fa, portal flow, Fp, total flow, Ft, mean transit time, MTT, distribution volume, DV, and arterial fraction, ART) were quantified using a dual-input single-compartment model. Correlations between IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI parameters were assessed using a Spearman correlation test. Results Thirty-three HCC lesions (average size 5.0 ± 3.6 cm) were analyzed. D, D*, and PF were all significantly lower in HCC vs. liver (P < 0.05). Significantly higher Fa and ART and lower Fp were observed in HCC vs. liver (P < 0.001). Significant moderate to strong negative correlations were observed between ART and D* (r = −0.443, P = 0.028), ART and PF (r = −0.536, P = 0.006), ART and PFxD* (r = −0.655, P < 0.001), Fa and PF (r = 0.455, P = 0.023), and Fa and PFxD* (r = −0.475, P = 0.018) in liver parenchyma. There was no significant correlation between IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI metrics in HCC lesions. Conclusion IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI provide nonredundant information in HCC, while they correlate in liver parenchyma. These findings may be secondary to predominant portal inflow in the liver and tortuous vasculature and tissue heterogeneity in tumors. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:856–864.
A Qualitative Analysis of the Effects of Victimization History and Sexual Attitudes on Women’s Hypothetical Sexual Assault Scripts

This study examined qualitatively the effects of a sexual victimization history and sexual attitudes on 247 undergraduate women's written accounts of a hypothetical sexual assault. More severe victimization history was associated with script characteristics of greater alcohol use, knowing the man longer, and the context of a party. Greater endorsement of positive attitudes toward casual sex was related to script characteristics of greater alcohol use, acquiescing to the man, and not knowing the man as long. Finally, a more recent sexual assault was associated with script characteristics of having just met the man, the context of a party or date, and acquiescing to the man.
High power eye-safe Er3+:YVO4 laser diode-pumped at 976 nm

The performance of an eye-safe laser based on a Er-doped orthovanadate (Er:YVO4) single crystal, diode-pumped at 976 nm (4I15/2 → 4I11/2 transition) and operating at 1603 nm (4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition) with near diffraction limited beam quality is reported. A 10 mm long Er3+:YVO4 slab, cut with its c-axis perpendicular to the laser cavity axis, was pumped in σ-polarisation and lased in π-polarisation. The laser operated in a quasi-continuous wave regime with nearly 9 W output power, and with a slope efficiency of about 39% with respect to absorbed power. This is believed to be the highest efficiency and highest power achieved from an Er3+:YVO4 laser pumped in the 970–980 nm absorption band.
The effect of therapeutic doses of digitalis on the contraction of heart muscle

That digitalis causes alterations in the heart resulting in changes in the form of the electrocardiogram is now well known. Robinson and Wilson have estimated in experiments on cats that the quantity of digitalis which can induce a change is about 30 per cent, of the calculated lethal dose. So far, however, no evidence has been presented to show that this amount of digitalis is beneficial—except in cases of fibrillation of the auricles in which block of auricular impulses, mainly through stimulation of the vagus nerves, takes place.A beneficial action must be based on the ability of the drug to increase the volume output of the heart, and it must be able to do this in therapeutic doses, that is to say, in doses which influence the T wave of the electrocardiogram or reduce the rate in auricular fibrillation. We have accordingly injected this amount into the veins of dogs, 11 of which received the tincture of digitalis and 19 of which received g-strophanthin; and into cats, 5 of which received g-strophanthi...
Functional characterization of alpha- and beta-intercalated cell types in rabbit cortical collecting duct

Single-cell electrical measurements and spectrophotometric determinations of intracellular pH were used to determine unique features of alpha- and beta-intercalated cells (alpha-IC, beta-IC) in in vitro perfused rabbit cortical collecting ducts (CCD). pHi rose in alpha-IC and fell in beta-IC after bath Cl- removal. Luminal Cl- removal did not change pHi of alpha-IC, but pHi of beta-IC rose by 0.36 +/- 0.01 pH units. Cl- concentration-dependent recovery of beta-IC pHi revealed a Cl- Km of 18.7 mM for the luminal Cl(-) -HCO3- exchanger. Measurements of basolateral membrane voltage (Vbl) also showed two IC cell types. Removal of luminal Cl- did not change Vbl in alpha-IC, whereas Vbl hyperpolarized by a mean of 73.2 +/- 3.5 mV in beta-IC. Reducing bath Cl- depolarized both alpha- and beta-IC Vbl. In alpha-IC a large repolarization of 39.8 +/- 5.2 mV followed acute depolarization after bath Cl- removal. Reducing bath HCO3- (constant CO2) had little effect on beta-IC Vbl, whereas alpha-IC Vbl depolarized by 5....
Analysis on the Intervention Effect of HIV/AIDS among Men who Have Sex with Men in Qujing City

Objective To know about the change of sexual behaviors after intervention effect of HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men(MSM) in Qujing to determine the key of prevention and control. Methods MSM were sampled by "snowball", and were surveyed by questionnaire face to face. Results A total of 207 cases were collected. In the last 6 months,80.2% MSM had homosexual anal sex behavior, 71.1% MSM used the condom every time with anal sex, 84.3% MSM used the condom in the latest time anal sex. Compared with 2009, the rate of homosexual anal sex in the last 6 months(χ2=12.339, P=0.027), the condoms using rate nearly 6 months(χ2=26.014,P0.01) and received counseling inspection situation(χ2=18.921,P=0.035) were statistically significant differences. There were statistically significant of condom using rate in the latest time such as different ways of making friends, survey place among MSM(P0.05). Conclusion AIDS comprehensive intervention can effectively reduce high-risk sexual behavior among MSM, and increase the rate of HIV testing and condom using.
The Analysis on Nutrition Monitoring of Children Aged<5 in Urban and Rural Areas

Objective To acquire necessary data for developing children-related nutrition interventions.Method2 monitoring spots were selected with each having 600 children aged5 and their mothers as subjects.The monitoring contents included 3 parts,i.e.child health-nutrition survey,mother health survey and household survey.ResultAverage birth-weight of infants was 3312±475 g.Prevalence of under-birth-weight was 3.7%,one of stunting was 4.1%,underweight was 2.3%,all with higher in rural spot than urban one.Two-week prevalence of respiratory disease and diarrhea of children were 36.4% and 10.4% respectively.There was higher rate of breastfeeding in rural area than urban one(63.4%55.8%).Children' complementary feeding behavior had significantly been improved both in urban and rural spots.Prevalence of anaemia of children in urban and rural spots were 11.2% and 10.1% respectively.Prevalence of underweight of mothers in urban and rural spots were 14.6% and 11.5% respectively.Prevalence of anaemia of mothers in urban and rural spots were 14.6% and 17.7% respectively.ConclusionThe status of health-nutrition of rural children was inferior to urban ones,maybe,this condition was associated with mother's health status,education background,look-after time and earning capacity.
Bacterial Adhesion to Animal Cells and Tissues

Attachment to host cell surfaces is believed to be an essential step in the successful colonization and production of disease by microbial pathogens. This book by Ofek, Hasty, and Doyle focuses on the adhesion of bacteria to animal cells and tissues. The authors have selected an interesting mix of topics, such as an historical overview, general principles involved in the process of adhesion, methodologies used to study bacterial adhesins and adhesion, characteristics of target cells and tissues, structural components of bacterial surfaces, regulation of surface protein expression and biogenesis, entry of bacteria into host cells, and novel approaches for anti-adhesion therapy. Because this volume covers a broad range of important topics, it can be used in a dual function: it is suitable as a textbook for students in the biomedical, bioveterinary, and biopharmaceutical sciences, and it is of value as a theoretical and practical reference guide for investigators who have an interest in bacterial attachment models, cellular and molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, bacterial pathogenesis, and anti-adhesion therapy.
Spirituality in Clinical Practice : Theory and Practice of Spiritually Oriented Psychotherapy

Psychotherapists are increasingly expected to incorporate the spiritual as well as the psychological dimension in their professional work. Therapists also are increasingly required to utilize evidence-based practices and demonstrate the effectiveness of their practice. An ever-increasing number of spiritually-oriented psychotherapy books attest to its importance but, unlike these books that primarily focus on the therapist's spiritual awareness, the second edition of Spirituality in Clinical Practice addresses the actual practice of spiritually oriented psychotherapy from the beginning to end. Dr. Len Sperry, master therapist and researcher, emphasizes the therapeutic processes in spiritually oriented psychotherapy with individual chapters on: the therapeutic relationship assessment and case conceptualization intervention evaluation and termination and culturally and ethically sensitive interventions. The days of training therapists to be spiritually aware and sensitive to client needs are over; therapists are now expected to practice spiritually sensitive psychotherapy in a competent manner from the first session to termination. Dr. Sperry organizes his text around this central focus point and, as in the original edition, continues to provide a concise, theory-based framework for understanding the spiritual dimension. Readers can use this framework as the basis for competently integrating spirituality in an effective, evidence-based psychotherapy practice.
Invariant asymmetry renews the lymphatic vasculature during homeostasis.

Background The lymphatic vasculature regulates tissue physiology and immunity throughout life. The self renewal mechanism that maintains the lymphatic vasculature during conditions of homeostasis is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanism of lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) self renewal and lymphatic vessel maintenance.
CHARACTERS OF MATRIX REPRESENTATIONS OF FINITE GROUPS

In the series of things those which follow are always aptly fitted to those which have gone before;…, so the things which come into existence exhibit no mere succession, but a certain wonderful relationship.
Ocular Mucosal Immunity

Mucosal immunity defends the ocular surface against antigenic challenge and microbial invasion. The principal effector site is the lacrimal gland, where immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies are produced. Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and posterior cervical lymph nodes function as major inductive sites for tear IgA responses. Neural connections and systemic hormones maintain the integrity and function of the ocular surface. Neuroenzyme activities in the lacrimal gland are influenced by ocular infections, leading to reduced expression of acetylcholine and modulation of receptors on acinar cells and on plasma cells, thereby decreasing fluid and immunoglobulin secretion. T lymphocyte-dependent responses result in production of interleukin-4 in lacrimal glands, thereby influencing cholinergic enzyme activity affecting immune processes and lacrimal physiology. Furthermore, neuropeptides released into lymphoid structures or inflamed tissues are chemotactic for antigen-presenting cells and affect their interactions with T cells. Thus, in developing therapeutic approaches for treating dry-eye conditions and vaccination strategies to elicit protective ocular mucosal immune responses, the entire lacrimal functional unit should be considered.
Risk Factors for Readmission in Patients With Cancer Comanaged by Hospitalists

Little is known about which variables put patients with cancer at risk for 30-day hospital readmission. Comanagement of this often complex patient population by specialists and hospitalists has become increasingly common. This retrospective study examined inpatients with cancer comanaged by hospitalists, hematologists, and oncologists to determine the rate of readmission and factors associated with readmission. Patients in this cohort had a readmission rate of 23%. Patients who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility (odds ratio [OR] = 0.34) or hospice (OR = 0.11) were less likely to have 30-day readmissions, whereas patients who had surgery (OR = 3.16) during their index admission were more likely. Other factors, including patient demographics, cancer types, and hospitalization interventions and events, did not differ between patients who were readmitted and those who were not. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature identifying risk factors for readmission in medical oncology and hematology patients.
Mint Tea (Pennyroyal) Epileptic Encephalopathy

Severe epileptic encephalopathy and fulminant liver failure with cerebral edema in two infants given tea brewed from home-grown mint plant leaves are reported from the Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of California, Davis Medical Ceneter, Sacramento.
Potential Pitfalls of Serum Free Light Chain Analysis to Assess Treatment Response for Multiple Myeloma

Background The serum free light chain (FLC test) allows measurement of low concentrations of FLC. Post-transplantation, especially after tandem autologous transplants and consolidation therapy, the immune system is often extremely suppressed and its recovery is disorganized. Patients and Methods This study was limited to patients with multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia and amyloidosis, who received autologous transplantation and consolidation therapy at the University of Iowa Hospitals and clinics. Most of these patients had already received some form of induction therapy with IMIDs or proteasome inhibitors or in combination. They then proceeded with a cycle of D-PACE followed by one or two autologous transplants. The preparative regimen for virtually all patients was VDT-MEL. Post-transplantation, most of the patients received consolidation therapy with VTD the first year and either VCD or Revlimid/dexamethasone for second year. Thereafter, all myeloma therapy was halted. Serum free light chains were measured with polyclonal FLC antisera according to Freelite, Binding site, UK. The kappa/ lambda ratio was calculated. Results In total 142 patients were evaluated; 12 % (17/142) of patients were found to have abnormal light chains ratio but no other evidence of active disease, including negative serum M-protein, serum IFE, urine M-protein and urine IFE. In addition, bone marrows showed no evidence of clonal plasma cells by both 10-color flow cytometry and FISH analysis of CD138 selected plasma cells; both methods have a sensitivity of ≥ 10-4. The κ/λ ratio was abnormal due to increase/decrease in the same light chain as the M- protein in 11/17 patients; 6/17 patients had abnormal κ/λ ratio due to increase in the opposite light chain as the M- protein (Table 1) Conclusions According to the IMWG uniform response criteria, patients achieving CR for whom the involved FLC reduced sufficiently to normalize the FLC ratio (range, 0.26 to 1.65) in the absence of monoclonal BMPCs as assessed by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence are considered to have achieved stringent CR. However, patients can be in stringent complete remission with abnormal k/l ratios if 1) the ratio is abnormal because the non-involved free light chain is elevated while the involved free light chain is normal; 2) the ratio is abnormal because involved light chain is elevated, with no other evidence of disease, including multicolor flow cytometry and FISH analysis on selected plasma cells of the bone marrow and imaging by MRI and/or PET-CT scan. This occurred in > 10% of patients. It should be noted that the FLC causing the abnormal k/l ratio was always kappa. The IMWG criteria should be adjusted these potential pitfalls. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Investigating current approaches to assessing teaching evaluation in engineering departments

The nature of teaching evaluation is, more often than not, determined primarily by the results of surveys based on students' evaluation and, sometimes, peer evaluation ratings. However, previous work has highlighted that in most cases student evaluation surveys are the main and/or only method used to evaluate teaching. This led to the critique of using student evaluation surveys as insufficient as a stand-alone method of evaluating teaching. These criticisms are based on the fact that instruments designed for students to evaluate teaching commonly consist of the same set of generic closed-ended questions and lack the ability to appropriately judge the multi-dimensional nature of teaching and learning. Additionally, the focus of teaching evaluation is theorized to differ based on the type of institution (which are doctoral universities, baccalaureate and associate colleges). With this in mind, this study seeks to explore current approaches to evaluate teaching in engineering departments. Based on the call for multiple approaches to evaluating teaching in higher education this research seeks to answer the following questions “what are the current approaches to assessing teaching evaluation and how are these approaches similar or different based on institution type?” As part of a larger study, this paper will describe the teaching evaluation practices within three types of institutions aforementioned. The goal of this study is to provide stakeholders with a repository of teaching evaluation practices. The authors also posit that having a broad spectrum of teaching evaluation approaches is highly valuable in improving teaching and student learning in the engineering community.
ANALYSIS OF PRODUCING MILK AND DEVELOP PERSPECTIVE OF IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Research in this paper work tends to show basic characteristic in producing cow and sheep milk in the Republic of Serbia in period 1998 – 2007. Paper work analyzed production cow and sheep milk in regions in Central Serbia and Vojvodina, also paper analyzed changes which held in production during researching period and participation of production cow and sheep milk in the Republic of Serbia, using base index. Paper work try to give theoretical and practical contribution for farmers who are involving directly or indirectly in milk production, to have aims in using adequate measure to develop their cattle-breeding and sheep farming, particularly in milk area.