cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Tube, Gel, and Immunochromatographic Strip Methods for Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Compatibility in Horses.

Background Assessment of blood compatibility, typically by tube agglutination (TUBE) and hemolysis crossmatch or, less commonly, by blood typing and alloantibody screening, often is performed before blood transfusion in horses. In contrast, gel column (GEL) and immunochromatographic strip (STRIP) techniques are preferred for compatibility testing in dogs and cats. Objective To determine the accuracy of novel and standard crossmatch and typing methods. Animals Thirty-eight healthy horses, previously blood typed and alloantibody screened. Methods TUBE and GEL crossmatches were performed on 146 different recipient-donor pairs with 56 incompatible TUBE crossmatches. Crossmatches were compared by nonparametric area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) analyses. Horses also were blood typed by the novel immunochromatographic Ca typing STRIP. Results Compared to TUBE crossmatch, GEL had excellent accuracy for agglutination (AUC-ROC = 0.903), but marginal accuracy for hemolysis (AUC-ROC = 0.639). Compared to macroscopic TUBE, microscopic TUBE had excellent accuracy for agglutination (AUC-ROC = 0.912). The predicted crossmatch compatibility based on blood type and alloantibody assay showed excellent accuracy compared to TUBE and GEL (AUC-ROC = 0.843 and 0.897, respectively). However, there were more recipient-donor pairs identified as incompatible by both TUBE and GEL than predicted by blood type and antibody screen, suggesting the presence of unidentified alloantibodies. A Ca typing STRIP exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity for the 35 Ca+ and 3 Ca- horses tested. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Gel column crossmatch and Ca typing immunochromatographic strip are simple and accurate methods to evaluate clinical blood compatibility.
Usefulness of a Human Error Identification Tool for Requirements Inspection: An Experience Report

Context and Motivation: Our recent work leverages Cognitive Psychology research on human errors to improve the standard fault-based requirements inspections. Question: The empirical study presented in this paper investigates the effectiveness of a newly developed Human Error Abstraction Assist (HEAA) tool in helping inspectors identify human errors to guide the fault detection during the requirements inspection. Results: The results showed that the HEAA tool, though effective, presented challenges during the error abstraction process. Contribution: In this experience report, we present major challenges during the study execution and lessons learned for future replications.
Psychosocial stressors and adjustment disorder: van Gogh's life chart illustrates stress and disease

The life of Vincent van Gogh is illustrative of the natural history of psychosocial stressors and their relationship to a person's states of health and disease. In the author's opinion, there is a lack of such understanding in the current, established criteria for psychosocial stressors in the diagnosis of adjustment disorder. By use of a life chart, which chronologically documents a person's major life events and concomitant health status over his or her life span, a fuller understanding can be reached regarding why an individual becomes ill at a particular time.
Implications of rapidity of response to initial therapy in multiple myeloma.

8606 Background: The rapidity of response to initial therapy in multiple myeloma (MM) depends on a variety of factors. There is limited data on its implications on long term outcomes in patients (p...
Fire and fire ecology: Concepts and principles

Fire has been central to terrestrial life ever since early anaerobic microorganisms poisoned the atmosphere with oxygen and multicellular plant life moved onto land. The combination of fuels, oxygen, and heat gave birth to fire on Earth. Fire is not just another evolutionary challenge that life needed to overcome, it is, in fact, a core ecological process across much of the planet.
Alcohol induces input-specific aberrant synaptic plasticity in the rat dorsomedial striatum

Accumulated evidence suggests that the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of the basal ganglia plays an essential role in pathological excessive alcohol consumption. The DMS receives multiple glutamatergic inputs. However, whether and how alcohol consumption distinctly affects these excitatory afferents to the DMS remains unknown. Here, we used optogenetics to selectively activate the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) inputs in DMS slices, and measured the effects of alcohol consumption on glutamatergic transmission in these corticostriatal and amygdalostriatal circuits. We found that excessive alcohol consumption increased AMPA receptor- and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmission, as well as the GluN2B/NMDAR ratio, at the corticostriatal input to the DMS. The probability of glutamate release was increased selectively at the amygdalostriatal input. Interestingly, we discovered that paired activation of the mPFC and BLA inputs using dual-channel optogenetics induced robust long-term potentiation (LTP) of the corticostriatal input to the DMS. Taken together, these results indicate that excessive alcohol consumption potentiates glutamatergic transmission via a postsynaptic mechanism for the corticostriatal input and via a presynaptic mechanism for the amygdalostriatal input. These changes may in turn contribute to pathological alcohol consumption.
Marijuana use and HIV treatment outcomes among PWH receiving care at an urban HIV clinic.

Background While marijuana use is prevalent among persons with HIV (PWH), few studies have examined the relationship between marijuana use and HIV treatment outcomes independent of alcohol and other drug use.
Training the Next Generation: Developing Health Education Skills in Undergraduate Public Health Students at a Historically Black College and University

With the looming workforce crisis, undergraduate public health students could be an important link in filling this demand. As public health continues to face challenges in the future, it is important that the future workforce is not only diverse but also trained in a manner that exposes them to real-world experiences that give them an opportunity to apply coursework to solve problems. This article outlines how a health program planning course was taught at a Historically Black College and University using assignments that promote active learning. Students were assessed on their ability to plan and implement a health activity based on a developed metric. Student and instructor reflections were collected from final assessments of the health programs by both groups. All elements of the course are discussed from course design, structure, assignments, and outcomes along with student and instructor reflections and lessons learned. Results suggest that including assignments focused on active learning are beneficial to helping students learn course material. As public health continues to change, more work needs to focus on teaching pedagogies that better prepare students to address future public health issues.
Systematics of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera): current state and future directions

Aquatic beetles are a large ecological guild with more than 13,000 described species occurring worldwide. Our knowledge of the diversity and phylogeny each of the 23 families water beetles is reviewed. Sustained efforts in the past 25 years to illuminate the taxonomy, phylogeny, and ecology of the group have turned it into a model system for many questions in evolutionary biology.
Medieval Dog Whisperers: The Poetics of Rehabilitation

Focusing on the representation of canines in Geoffrey Chaucer’s Book of the Duchess, Sir Gowther, and Beroul’s Roman de Tristan, Fumo traces the reintegration of dysfunctional human selves through intimate communicative acts across species lines. The chapter situates the dogs in these texts within scholarly discourse on medieval animalities, supplemented by sociological evidence from modern correctional programs that incorporate canine training, medieval zoological traditions, and hunting lore. “Thinking dog” is pivotal to self-formation, effective communication, and the development of empathy in these medieval literary texts. Considered together, the three poems reveal how, within medieval frameworks of identity, encounters with the canine other potentially reform, and reformulate, the human.
On Smooth Whitney Extensions of almost isometries with small distortion, Interpolation and Alignment in $\Bbb R^D$-Part 1

In this paper, we study the following problem: Let $D\geq 2$ and let $E\subset \mathbb R^D$ be finite satisfying certain conditions. Suppose that we are given a map $\phi:E\to \mathbb R^D$ with $\phi$ a small distortion on $E$. How can one decide whether $\phi$ extends to a smooth small distortion $\Phi:\mathbb R^D\to \mathbb R^D$ which agrees with $\phi$ on $E$. We also ask how to decide if in addition $\Phi$ can be approximated well by certain rigid and non-rigid motions from $\mathbb R^D\to \mathbb R^D$. Since $E$ is a finite set, this question is basic to interpolation and alignment of data in $\mathbb R^D$.
Structural Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blades Using Fiber Optic Bragg Grating Strain Sensors

Over the last few years, fiber optic sensors (FOS) have seen increased acceptance and widespread use in civil engineering, aerospace, marine, oil & gas, composites and smart structure applications. More and more, different research groups and blade manufacturers worldwide have started adopting fiber sensors and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in particular, as practical sensing technology for wind blades. FOS are an attractive technology and reliable sensing solution due to the fact that are completely immune to electromagnetic interference, lightning and electric noise, unlike more conventional electronic sensors that are prone to failure given the harsh and exposed environmental conditions under which wind turbines normally operate. Typically, FBG sensor arrays–either surface-mounted or embedded–have been used to monitor the mechanical behavior of composite rotor blades during the design and qualification stages, as well as in service, to help monitor, on–line, the blades’ condition under rotating, stationary and different wind load conditions. In this paper, will present test field results on the mechanical measurements from an experimental composite blade developed under Sandia Lab’s S–Blade experimental wind turbine program, instrumented with FBG temperature and strain sensors. A discussion of the methodology, on-line monitoring electronic system, and results obtained will be presented.
Using availability indicators to enhance context-aware family communication applications

Family conversation between homes is difficult to initiate at mutually agreeable times as neither participant has exact knowledge of the other's activities or intentions. Whether calling to plan an important family gathering or simply to connect with family members, the question is: Is now a good time to call? People expect friends and family to learn their activity patterns and to minimize interruptions when calling. Can technology provide awareness cues to the caller, even prior to the initiation of the call? This research focuses on sampling the everyday activities of home life to determine environmental factors which may serve as an indicator for availability. These external factors may be effective for identifying household routines of availability and useful in determining when to initiate conversation across homes. Several workplace studies have shown a person's interruptibility can be reliably assessed and modeled from specific environmental cues; this work looks for similar predictive power in the home. Copresence, location, and activity in the home were investigated as correlates to availability and for their effectiveness within the social protocol of family conversation. These studies indicate there are activities that can be sensed, either in real-time or over some time span, that correlate to self-reported availability. However, the type and amount of information shared is dependent upon individual preferences, social accessibility, and patterns of activities. This research shows friends and family can improve their predictions of when to call if provided additional context, and suggests that abstract representations of either routines or explicit availability status is sufficient and may be preferred by providers. Availability prediction is feasible in the home and useful to those outside the home, but the level of detail to provide in particular situations needs further study. This work has implications for the development of groupware systems, the automatic sensing of activity to deal with interruption, and activity recognition in the home.
Changes in cardiac membranes as a function of age with particular emphasis on reactivity to drugs.

The effects of senescence on the electrophysiological behavior of cardiac tissue have not been studied extensively or systematically. Yet there is a scattered number of reports indicating that the functioning of the cardiovascular system in general, and the physiology of the myocardium in particular undergo very subtle yet profound changes with increasing age. The age effects have been observed both in man and in other mammals. The normal human myocardium of subjects 50 to 70 years of age not suffering from degenerative changes or ischemia has been found to display such electrocardiographic alterations as prolongation of the P-R interval and QRS complex duration (1). In a group of normal, healthy humans, the P-R interval was found to increase progressively from birth through 60 years and over (2). Another study showed that young adults (mean age for men, 34 years, and mean age for women, 23.5 years) had shorter left ventricular ejection times than subjects of 60 years and older (3). Unan-esthetized Wistar rats have been reported to exhibit increased heart rates, decreased blood pressures, and decreased cardiac outputs with increasing age (4). Electrocardiographic changes and increased incidence of arrhythmias have been reported in aged rats under control conditions (5, 6) and following exercise (7).
Elasticity and Viscosity of Liquids

There is a great simplification in the problem of constitutive modeling when the deformations are a small perturbation of states of rest. These deformations depend on a Newtonian viscosity μ and a smooth relaxation function G(s), where G(s)>0, G′(s) 0, for 0 ≤ s=t−τ < ∞, and τ is the past time.
Deciphering the atomic genome of glasses by topological constraint theory and molecular dynamics: A review

Abstract From telescope lenses to optical fibers and smartphone screens, glasses have been key enablers in human history. Unlike crystalline materials, glasses can virtually feature any composition and stoichiometry, which creates limitless opportunities to develop new glass formulations with unusual properties. However, this large compositional space renders traditional Edisonian trial-and-error discovery approaches poorly efficient. Accelerating the discovery of new glasses requires the genome of glass to be decoded, that is, to identify and decipher how the basic structural building blocks of glasses control their engineering properties—in the same way as the human genome offers information that serves as a blueprint for an individual’s growth and development. Here, we review some of our recent effort in that direction. Our approach combines molecular dynamics simulations with topological constraint theory—a simple, yet powerful framework that can be used to predict the compositional dependence of glass properties or pinpoint promising compositions with tailored functionalities. In this review, we report how we used this approach to understand the origin of glass-forming ability as a balance between atomic flexibility and internal stress, predict the mechanical properties of glasses, and tune the chemical reactivity of silicate glasses.
CD8+ T-Cell–Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Can Induce Tissue Factor Expression on Monocytes

Circulating CD8+ T cells and monocytes are activated during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and colocalize in the aortas of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected nonhuman primates. We hypothesized that CD8+ T cells could exert a proatherosclerotic effect via paracrine actions on monocytes. We found that T-cell receptor-stimulated CD8+ T cells induce monocytes to express tissue factor, a potent activator of coagulation. Tumor necrosis factor was both necessary and sufficient for this effect.
A direct filter method for parameter estimation

Abstract Parameter estimation is an important research topic in data assimilation. In this paper, a novel parameter estimation method is introduced, where the parameter is considered as the state process in a nonlinear filtering problem and the state model that contains the parameter is used to construct a pseudo-observation. This approach is named the direct filter method since nonlinear filtering algorithms are used to estimate the parameter directly without estimating the state model as part of the solution in the nonlinear filtering problem. Numerical experiments are carried out to examine the effectiveness and accuracy of the direct filter method.
Did early land plants produce a stepwise change in atmospheric oxygen during the Late Ordovician (Sandbian ~458 Ma)?

Abstract A stepwise change in atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels during the Ordovician has been attributed to the emergence of land plants. This phenomenon is tied to a major baseline shift in the stable carbon isotope (δ13C) curve and inferred increase in nutrient delivery and enhanced primary productivity in nearshore settings, which led to high organic carbon burial. The timing and magnitude of this baseline shift, however, is still elusive in part because of the lack of high-resolution δ13C data that span this period. Much of the existing Ordovician δ13C literature is focused on isotopic excursions with less emphasis on identifying long-term shifts in baseline (pre- and post-excursion) values. This study presents new high resolution δ13C data from stratigraphic sections at Germany Valley (West Virginia) and Union Furnace (Pennsylvania) in the Central Appalachian Basin. These sections span the entire Sandbian Stage and continue into the lower Katian Stage. The δ13C data from both sections are characterized by relative stability carbon isotope values (mean = −0.61‰) in the lower Sandbian, followed by a + 1.2‰ shift in the upper Sandbian (mean = +0.62‰). Herein, we propose that the positive shift represents a long-term global shift in baseline δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon. The timing of this positive shift coinciding with the diversification of early land plants (i.e., bryophytes) supports earlier models that suggested enhanced organic carbon burial rates served as a mechanism for the stepwise oxygenation of the atmosphere during the Late Ordovician.
Place-Based Learning with Out-of-Place Species & Students: Teaching International Students about Biological Invasions

This material is in the public domain. Permission is therefore not required for the re-use of this material. You should, however, always cite the source of the material. For further information please contact University of California Press's Journals Rights and Permissions at journalspermissions@ucpress.edu.
Improving the justice‐based argument for conducting human gene editing research to cure sickle cell disease

In a recent article, Marilyn Baffoe-Bonnie offers three arguments that conducting CRISPR/Cas9 biotechnology research to cure sickle cell disease (SCD) would help address historical and current injustices in SCD research and care. I will grant that the first argument is sound, but show that the second and third arguments suffer from roughly the same defect, which is that they really argue for something else rather than for conducting CRISPR/Cas9 research to cure SCD. I conclude that a better justice-based argument would use only Baffoe-Bonnie's first argument.
Increased Risk of Progression to Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Patients with Non-dysplastic Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Versus a Control Population

In previous studies, the 5-year progression rate of gastric intestinal metaplasia to gastric adenocarcinoma has varied substantially. We investigated the incidence rate of dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma and the rate of progression among a cohort of patients with non-dysplastic gastric intestinal metaplasia. This is a single-center, single-cohort retrospective study. Patients who had undergone an EGD with biopsies from 01/01/1993 to 12/31/2013 were included. The primary outcome of interest was the composite of low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, or adenocarcinoma. Time to progression and risk factor subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 1628 subjects were screened, of whom 358 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 21 first-time events were recorded. The annual incidence rate of low-grade dysplasia was 2.1 (95% CI 1.3–3.5) cases per 1000 person-years, 0.5 (95% 0.2–1.3) per 1000 person-years for high-grade dysplasia, and 0.8 (95% CI 0.3–1.6) cases per 1000 person-years for gastric adenocarcinoma. The historical control group had an annual adenocarcinoma incidence rate of 0.07 per 1000 person-years. The event rate in Asians was also noted to be significantly higher between years 0–8 as compared with patients of non-Asian race, and extensive intestinal metaplasia was an independent risk factor (HR = 4.06 (95% CI 1.45–11.34), p = 0.007). Patients with non-dysplastic gastric intestinal metaplasia may progress to dysplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. The incidence rate of gastric adenocarcinoma is higher than that of the historical control population (0.07 per 1000 person-years). The presence of extensive intestinal metaplasia was a risk factor for progression of disease. Triennial EGD may be warranted in patients with non-dysplastic gastric intestinal metaplasia.
Zone 3 REBOA does not provide hemodynamic benefits during nontraumatic cardiac arrest

Abstract Background Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) may be a novel intervention to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality during cardiac arrest. Zone 1 supraceliac aortic occlusion improves coronary and cerebral blood flow. It is unknown if Zone 3 occlusion distal to the renal arteries offers a similar physiologic benefit while maintaining blood flow to organs above the point of occlusion. Methods Fifteen swine were anesthetized, instrumented, and placed into ventricular fibrillation. Mechanical CPR was immediately initiated. After 5 min of CPR, Zone 1 REBOA, Zone 3 REBOA, or no intervention (control) was initiated. Hemodynamic variables were continuously recorded for 30 min. Results There were no significant differences between groups before REBOA deployment. Once REBOA was deployed, Zone 1 animals had statistically greater diastolic blood pressure compared to control (median [IQR]: 19.9 mmHg [9.5–20.5] vs 3.9 mmHg [2.4–4.8], p = .006). There were no differences in diastolic blood pressure between Zone 1 and Zone 3 (8.6 mmHg [5.1–13.1], p = .10) or between Zone 3 and control (p = .10). There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, or time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) between groups. Conclusion In our swine model of cardiac arrest, Zone 1 REBOA improved diastolic blood pressure when compared to control. Zone 3 does not offer a hemodynamic benefit when compared to no occlusion. Unlike prior studies, immediate use of REBOA after arrest did not result in an increase in ROSC rate, suggesting REBOA may be more beneficial in patients with prolonged no-flow time. Institutional protocol number FDG20180024A
Rate and predictors of finding Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS) lesions on kidney biopsy in patients with monoclonal gammopathy

Background Little is known about the rate and predictors of finding lesions of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) of renal significance (MGRS) on kidney biopsy specimens among patients with MG. Methods We reviewed the medical records from 2013 to 2018 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, to identify patients with MG and whether they had undergone a kidney biopsy. In a more select group of patients with MG from 2017 to 2018, we conducted a review of records to determine how many had underlying CKD, which of those with CKD had undergone a kidney biopsy, and reasons for deferring a kidney biopsy. Results Between 2013 and 2018, we identified 6300 patients who had MG, 160 (2.5%) of whom had undergone a kidney biopsy. Of the 160 patients, 64 (40%) had an MGRS lesion; amyloid light chain amyloidosis, the most common finding, accounted for nearly half of these lesions. In the non-MGRS group comprising 96 patients, 23 had arteriosclerosis, the most common finding. In multivariate analysis, strong predictors of finding an MGRS lesion included the presence of an elevated free light chain ratio, proteinuria, and hematuria. Among 596 patients with CKD and MG from 2017 to 2018, 62 (10.4%) underwent a kidney biopsy. Kidney biopsy was deferred for 70 patients (20%); for 62 of the 70, the diagnosis was already known, and eight were not candidates for therapy. Younger age and higher proteinuria and serum creatinine levels increased the likelihood that the patient would undergo a kidney biopsy. Conclusions Proteinuria ≥1.5 g/d, hematuria, and an elevated free light chain ratio increase the likelihood of finding MGRS, and a kidney biopsy should be highly considered in such patients.
Challenges and potential solutions for nanosensors intended for use with foods.

Nanotechnology-adapted detection technologies could improve the safety and quality of foods, provide new methods to combat fraud and be useful tools in our arsenal against bioterrorism. Yet despite hundreds of published studies on nanosensors each year targeted to the food and agriculture space, there are few nanosensors on the market in this area and almost no nanotechnology-enabled methods employed by public health agencies for food analysis. This Review shows that the field is currently being held back by technical, regulatory, political, legal, economic, environmental health and safety, and ethical challenges. We explore these challenges in detail and provide suggestions about how they may be surmounted. Strategies that may have particular effectiveness include improving funding opportunities and publication venues for nanosensor validation, social science and patent landscape studies; prioritizing research and development of nanosensors that are specifically designed for rapid analysis in non-laboratory settings; and incorporating platform cost and adaptability into early design decisions. This Review presents a focused overview of nanosensor technology for ensuring the safety and quality of foods and discusses seven key challenges that are currently preventing their successful commercialization.
Mapping the literature of health care management: an update.

Objective: This study aims to identify the core journals cited in the health care management literature and to determine their coverage in the foremost bibliographic databases used by the discipline. Methods: Using the methodology outlined by the Medical Library Association’s Nursing and Allied Health Resource Section (NAHRS) protocol for “Mapping the Literature of Nursing and Allied Health Professions,” this study updates an earlier study published in 2007. Cited references from articles published in a three-year range (2016–2018) were collected from five health care management journals. Using Bradford’s Law of Scattering, cited journal titles were tabulated and ranked according to the number of times cited. Eleven databases were used to determine coverage of the most highly cited journal titles for all source journals, as well as for a subset of practitioner-oriented journals. Results: The most highly cited sources were journals, followed by government documents, Internet resources, books, and miscellaneous resources. The databases with the most complete coverage of Zone 1 and 2 were Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and PubMed, while the worst performing databases were Health Business Elite, ABI/Inform, and Business Source Complete. Conclusions: The literature of health care management has expanded rapidly in the last decade, with cumulative citations increasing by 76.6% and the number of cited journal titles increasing by nearly 70% since the original study. Coverage of the core journals in popular databases remains high, although specialized health care management and business databases did not perform as well as general or biomedical databases.
Sparsification for Sums of Exponentials and its Algorithmic Applications.

Many works in signal processing and learning theory operate under the assumption that the underlying model is simple, e.g. that a signal is approximately $k$-Fourier-sparse or that a distribution can be approximated by a mixture model that has at most $k$ components. However the problem of fitting the parameters of such a model becomes more challenging when the frequencies/components are too close together. In this work we introduce new methods for sparsifying sums of exponentials and give various algorithmic applications. First we study Fourier-sparse interpolation without a frequency gap, where Chen et al. gave an algorithm for finding an $\epsilon$-approximate solution which uses $k' = \mbox{poly}(k, \log 1/\epsilon)$ frequencies. Second, we study learning Gaussian mixture models in one dimension without a separation condition. Kernel density estimators give an $\epsilon$-approximation that uses $k' = O(k/\epsilon^2)$ components. These methods both output models that are much more complex than what we started out with. We show how to post-process to reduce the number of frequencies/components down to $k' = \widetilde{O}(k)$, which is optimal up to logarithmic factors. Moreover we give applications to model selection. In particular, we give the first algorithms for approximately (and robustly) determining the number of components in a Gaussian mixture model that work without a separation condition.
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Spectrum Management in Dynamic Spectrum Access

Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) has the great potential to alleviate spectrum shortage and promote network capacity. However, two fundamental technical issues have to be addressed, namely, interference coordination between DSA users and interference suppression for primary users (PUs). These two issues are very challenging since generally there is no powerful infrastructures in DSA networks to support centralized control. As a result, DSA users have to perform spectrum management individually, including spectrum access and power allocation, without accurate channel state information and centralized control. In this article, a novel spectrum management framework is proposed, in which $Q$ -learning, a type of reinforcement learning, is utilized to enable DSA users to carry out effective spectrum management individually and intelligently. For more efficient process, neural networks (NNs) are employed to implement $Q$ -learning processes, so-called deep $Q$ -network (DQN). Furthermore, we also investigate the optimal way to construct DQN considering both the performance of wireless communications and the difficulty of NN training. Finally, extensive simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed spectrum management framework.
The EBR-I Meltdown—Physical and Metallurgical Changes in the Core

As a result of the partial meltdown which occurred in EBR-I on November 29, 1955, it was necessary to remove the core assembly from the reactor and to separate the enriched fuel section from upper ...
Reaction Center Heterogeneity Probed by Multipulse Photoselection Experiments With Picosecond Time Resolution

Using double pulse excitation of an electron-transfer-impaired reaction center mutant from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, it has been possible to provide direct evidence for reaction center conformational heterogeneity which affects the charge separation yield. A saturating prepulse was used to photoselect a subpopulation of reaction centers which returned rapidly to the ground state instead of forming the long-lived P+Q A - state. Femtosecond transient absorbance measurements were then performed on this photoselected subpopulation. It was found that the yield of electron transfer in this subpopulation was substantially lower than that in the bulk reaction center population. Though these measurements are preliminary, they represent the first direct demonstration of a reaction center conformational heterogeneity that clearly affects the efficiency of the initial electron transfer reaction.
Nonlinear vortex trail dynamics. II. Analytic solutions

Spatially periodic large amplitude solutions of the von Karman model are obtained in the neighborhood of singularities. These singularities correspond to vortex clusters in the physical plane. The quasi-periodic and unbounded solutions found analytically confirm earlier numerical work and show qualitative agreement with experimental observations of large-scale phenomena of vortex trails. Separatrices or heteroclinic orbits were explicitly found for an integrable approximate equation, which indicate that the von Karman model itself supports chaotic solutions.
Basic Interdiction Models

The field of network interdiction explores techniques for optimally impeding network operations using limited disruption actions. These disruptions may serve to remove network components, decrease arc capacities, or increase cost flows. Network interdiction models and algorithms help to identify vulnerabilities in a complex network without resorting to exhaustively enumerating worst-case scenarios, and can be coupled with fortification models to assess benefits of protecting a network. This article is presented at an introductory level to illustrate the use and breadth of interdiction models, along with a discussion of fortification and design problems. Keywords: interdiction; network; mathematical programming; mathematical models; game theory
Brewster Angle Microscopy

Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) is the technique of choice for imaging monolayers of supramolecular systems at the water–air interface. BAM is based on the optical principle of the Brewster angle, in which p-polarized light incident on the water surface at the Brewster angle is nearly completely extinguished. The presence of a monolayer violates this condition and provides the basis for imaging. BAM is a general method for imaging either spread or adsorbed monolayers. BAM can be applied to study phase transitions, characterize domain microstructure, study phase separation in mixed monolayers, follow changes due to complex formation, and observe collapse or multilayer formation. The method is also sensitive to the presence of optical anisotropy in monolayer films due to variations in molecular orientation. BAM has been applied to monolayers of a range of macrocyclic compounds, especially calixarene and cyclodextrin derivatives. BAM has been applied to study chiral phase separation in monolayers of chiral amphiphiles. It is possible to apply BAM in a quantitative manner to estimate variations in monolayer thickness. Keywords: monolayer; Langmuir–Blodgett; Brewster angle microscopy; macrocycle; chiral; calixarene; cyclodextrin; crown ether; cryptophane
Gilles Deleuze on Sacher-Masoch and Sade: A Bergsonian Criticism of Freudian Psychoanalysis

In the long line of French Sade studies, Deleuze's essay Coldness and Cruelty marks out a special place. By discussing Masoch both in addition to and in contrast to Sade, Deleuze reveals the stakes of his book: he wants to unmask the concept of sadomasochism as a clinical nonentity. In their paper, the authors explain the arguments supporting this project and show their relation to Deleuze's reading of Bergson. They then argue that there is a second, similarly Bergsonian criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis operating in the background of Coldness and Cruelty. This more wide-ranging criticism takes Freud to task for conceiving perversion, like neurosis, in Oedipal terms. This conception, Deleuze holds, forgets that perversion and neurosis represent two different worlds that essentially have nothing to do with each other despite crossing in clinical experience.
Reduction of dielectric artifacts within an InSightec ExAblate 4000 head transducer

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of the brain has been increasingly used as a non-invasive treatment for essential tremor and neuropathic pain. However, artifacts arise in magnetic resonance (MR) images as a result of dielectric properties of the water bath coupler and of the tissues being investigated. As radio frequency (RF) waves enter a dielectric medium, their wavelengths decrease by a factor equal to the square root of the medium’s relative permittivity (Webb 2011). The shortened wavelength can cause a standing wave pattern within the sample, with regions of constructive and destructive interference. This RF inhomogeneity results in dielectric artifacts that appear as shaded regions in the intensity image. Modifying the RF coil can be used to bypass this issue, but is non-trivial. We present a simpler solution by decreasing the permittivity of the water bath, thereby reducing the standing wave effect that creates dielectric artifacts.
High Sensitivity Color Center Laser Spectroscopy

The development of cw color center lasers [1] has inevitably led to their application to spectroscopy. The commercial availability of a color center laser provides ready access to this technology to any laboratory. In this paper, we wish to examine the prospects of color center lasers as tunable sources for high sensitivity infrared absorption spectroscopy, describe the development of a computer-controlled color center laser spectrometer based upon the commercial Burleigh FCL-20 laser, and report on several spectroscopic investigations using the computer-controlled color center laser.
Genetic Disorders of Collagen Metabolism

The first of the true genetic disorders of collagen metabolism, lysyl hydroxylase deficiency, was described in 1972 (Pinnell et al., 1972), and since that time there has been continued expansion of the biochemical understanding of inherited connective tissue disorders that involve collagen. In that period abnormalities in collagen structure, biosynthesis, post-translational modification, and degradation have been identified in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, the Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, cutis laxa, a small number of chondrodystrophies, and forms of epidermolysis bullosa.
Virtualization Techniques for Mobile Devices

In current mobile system environment there is a huge gap between the personal smart phone and the enterprise smart phone due to the issues related to security, enterprise policies and freedom of use. In the current environment, data-plans on mobile systems have become so prevalent that the rate of adaptation of data plan for the current customers has far outpaced the ability to add new consumers for the mobile service providers. Most of the enterprises require/provide the access of emails and other official information on smart platforms. This presents a big challenge for enterprise in securing their systems. Therefore due to the security issues and policies imposed by the enterprise in using the same device for dual purpose (personal and enterprise), the consumers often lose their individual freedom and convenience at the cost of security. To address this challenge, few solutions have been presented. One effective way is to partition the mobile device such that the enterprise system access and its information are completely separated from the personal information. This paper discusses and presents such approaches for mobile information partition in order to create a secured and secluded environment for enterprise information while allowing the user access to their personal information.
Identifying Chronic Conditions in Medicare Claims Data: Evaluating the Chronic Condition Data Warehouse Algorithm

As the population ages and the treatment and management of chronic conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes has improved, the number of older people with one or more chronic conditions has increased (Vogeli et al. 2007). In 2005, among persons 65 and older, 91.5 percent had at least one chronic condition, and 76.6 percent had at least two chronic conditions. About 59 percent of all medical care expenses for persons age 65 and older were for treatment of chronic conditions (Machlin, Cohen, and Beauregard 2008). A significant body of research has used administrative databases to assess chronic conditions, but there are limitations in how well these data can identify a range of conditions, especially comorbid conditions (Taylor, Fillenbaum, and Ezell 2002; Rector et al. 2004; Kern et al. 2006; Klabunde, Harlan, and Warren 2006; Harrold et al. 2007; Ostbye et al. 2008). In support of the goals of Section 723 of the 2003 Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) created the Chronic Condition Data Warehouse (CCW), consisting of CMS Medicare beneficiary data linked by a unique ID across multiple Medicare data sources. As part of the CCW, beneficiaries with chronic conditions are identified through a predefined algorithm based on particular diagnosis and procedure codes found on certain types of claims within a specified reference period. The ability to easily identify beneficiaries with particular chronic conditions in Medicare claims data has great potential to facilitate and expand research. The CCW algorithms were developed based on prior research using Medicare claims data to identify various chronic conditions (Katz et al. 1997; Herbert et al. 1999; Taylor, Fillenbaum, and Ezell 2002; Losina et al. 2003; Foley et al. 2005). Yet, to date, it is unknown how well the CCW algorithm identifies preexisting chronic conditions, which may have been first diagnosed years before the date of the claims records. The aim of this paper is to examine the strengths and limitations of using CMS's CCW algorithm with Medicare claims data to identify chronic conditions in older persons. Records from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS), including data from questionnaires, physical examinations, medical facility records, and death certificates, have been linked to Medicare claims records. We selected five conditions common among older persons: diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, and arthritis. We compared diagnoses for these five conditions derived from the two data sources (NHEFS and Medicare claims using the CCW algorithm). Specifically, we explored (a) the number of years of Medicare claims history necessary to find a preexisting condition and (b) the proportion of preexisting versus newly diagnosed conditions identified by the Medicare claims using the CCW algorithm.
Effects of aging on cardiac output, regional blood flow, and body composition in Fischer-344 rats

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of maturation and aging on cardiac output, the distribution of cardiac output, tissue blood flow (determined by using the radioactive-microsph...
Methods for detecting regime shifts in large marine ecosystems: a review with approaches applied to North Pacific data

This note provides a brief review of five analytical methods previously used or promoted for diagnosing regime shifts in marine ecosystems. The methods discussed are: (i) principal components analysis, (ii) compositing average standard deviates, (iii) autoregressive moving average and intervention analysis modeling, (iv) vector autoregressive process modeling, and (v) Fisher information. Assessments of the relative strengths and weaknesses for the different analytical approaches are also offered. Some of these methods are applied to a collection of fishery oceanographic time series for the N. Pacific to illustrate aspects of their relative utility and limitations for diagnosing regime shift behavior. One recommendation for future studies is to analyze biotic and abiotic time series separately in order to identify ecosystem state variables of interest and to better isolate ecosystem behaviors from other influences like environmental change. Methods that allow for quantitative assessments of the statistical significance of hypothesized regime shifts should be favored over those that do not. Analyses of especially large collections of time series may benefit from first using a data compression technique and then applying one of the methods that are more appropriate for just one or a small number of time series. Because of the difficulties in observing and adequately documenting many aspects of marine ecosystem variability, it is crucial that future research attempt to combine empirical studies of large marine ecosystems with theoretical and modeling studies of other systems for which the dynamics and predictability are better understood. With such a comparative approach it should be possible to refine conceptual and simulation models, while also identifying crucial gaps in existing observations.
Nonlocal plasma edge density reduction due to lower hybrid waves

Temporal evolution of a depression of plasma edge density was observed near and away from a phased-array antenna launching lower-hybrid waves in a nearly fully ionized plasma. When equilibrium is reached, the magnitude of the depression is in agreement with ponderomotive theory.
Correlation energies of simple bounded Coulomb lattices.

The lattice structure of bounded Coulomb systems is explored using a simple zero-temperature slab model. For slabs above a certain size infinite-volume behavior (i.e., a bcc lattice) occurs. Below this size surface effects dominate and the lattice type depends on the size, usually taking on an fcc-like symmetry. This state is similar to the lattice observed in recent computer simulations. These results have implications for experiments now underway.
Polyfluoroallyl and propenyl derivatives of some transition and group V elements

Abstract The compound (2-chlorotetrafluoroallyl)manganese pentacarbonyl has been prepared, and its facile rearrangement to a propenyl isomer has been studied. The stereochemical results of the rearrangement are compared with those of cesium fluoride induced rearrangements of some analogous (polyfluoroallyl)arsenic and -phosphorus compounds. It is suggested that the rearrangement of the manganese compound is a consequence of the weakening of the α-CF bond, and the resulting presence of an internal nucleophile in the compound. Infrared and NMR spectral data for the compounds investigated are collected and discussed.
History and Philosophy of Gene Environment Interaction

Dr. Kenneth Schaffner gave a brief introduction to the symposium topics. He began with a history of the thinking on gene-environment interactions and described the ensuing controversies. He cited the lack of a consensus theory of the environment and then described some methodological and technological advances in the studies of gene-environment interactions.To watch Dr. Schaffner’s presentation, please see the Panel 1 "Google Video posting.":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3097337289947323438&hl=en
Tools of the Serials Trade

AbstractTrina Nolen reviews Rethinking Information Literacy; Elizabeth Parang, Fundamentals of Managing Reference Collections; Ann Roll reviews Building and Managing E-Book Collections; and Sarah Tusa reviews HR: A Human Resources Handbook for Academic Library Staff.