cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting social trends from non-photographic images on Twitter

Humanists use historical images as sources of information about social norms, behavior, fashion, and other details of particular cultures, places and periods. Dutch Golden Era paintings, works by French Impressionists, and 20th century street photography are just three examples of such images. Normally such visuals directly show objects of interests such as social scenes, city streets, or peoples dresses. But what if masses of images shared on social networks contain information about social trends even if these images do not directly represent objects of interest? This is the question we investigate in our study. In the last few years researchers have shown that aggregated characteristics of large volumes of social media are correlated with many socio-economic characteristics and can also predict a range of social trends. The examples include flu trends, success of movies, and measures of social well-being of populations. Nearly all such studies focus on text content, such as posts on Twitter and Facebook. In contrast, we focus on images. We investigate if features extracted from Tweeted images can predict a number of socio-economic characteristics. Our dataset is one million images shared on Twitter during one year in 20 different U.S. cities. We classify the content of these images using the state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network GoogLeNet and then select the largest category that we call "image-texts" — non-photographic images that are typically screen shots of websites or text-message conversations. We construct two features describing patterns in image-texts: aggregated sharing rate per year per city, and the sharing rate per hour over a 24-hour period aggregated over one year in each city. We find that these features are correlated with self-reported social well-being responses from Gallup surveys, and also median housing prices, incomes, and education levels. These results suggest that particular types of social media images can be used to predict social characteristics not readily detectable in images.
Carpal Synostosis (coalition)

The term carpal synostosis means fusion of carpal bones and is synonymous with carpal coalition. Hand surgeons use both designations interchangeably. Congenital carpal fusion is due to failure of segmentation during embryonic limb development with subsequent failure of joint formation. However, some would argue that carpal coalition might be a reflection of a failure of differentiation because early in embryonic life cartilaginous anlages of many more than eight carpal bones are present. At birth no ossification centers are present and these appear predictably with growth and, in fact, radiologic atlases of wrist ossification are used to determine the chronologic age of a patient. However, in those with congenital differences of the upper extremity, this predictability is not accurate. When the coalition is identified as an isolated finding and not part of a syndrome the proximal carpal row is usually involved (Fig. 16.1). When the synostosis involves the distal carpal row, the finding may be an isolated one but there is a much greater chance that there is a syndromic association. When both carpal rows are involved there is close to a 90% chance of a syndrome, particularly if the condition is bilateral and if there are multiple coalitions [1]. The Apert syndrome commonly shows synostoses at the carpal, metacarpal, metatarsal, and phalangeal levels (Fig. 16.2b–d). Carpal fusions crossing the proximal and distal carpal rows as between the trapezium and scaphoid are rare in hands with developed thumb and four digits. These, however, are commonly seen in hypoplastic hands or limbs with limited numbers of digital rays (Figs. 16.2a and 16.3). In one recent publication a case was reported of synostosis between the trapezoid and trapezium, fusion of the radius and scaphoid, and hypoplasia of the thumb [2].
Mandatory Saving, Credit Access and Homeownership: The Case of the Housing Provident Fund

Several Asian countries have established savings and loan programs called housing provident funds (HPFs), which comprise a voluntary or mandatory savings account and eligibility for discounted mortgage loans. This study evaluates the impact of a mandatory HPF in China on homeownership using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1989 to 2009. The empirical results indicate that households enrolled in the program were more likely to own a home since the HPF loans became available in 1998, and such difference was fully explained by the length of the enrollment history which was related to the HPF loan benefits by program design. The success of the the HPF was in part attributable to its program designs that feature behavioral economics theories, such as automatic enrollment, mental accounting, and self-discipline. The empirical findings have implications for designing effective housing policies to promote homeownership.
Frustrated topological symmetry breaking: geometrical frustration and anyon condensation

We study the phase diagram of a topological string-net-type lattice model in the presence of geometrically frustrated interactions. These interactions drive several phase transitions that reduce the topological order, leading to a rich phase diagram including both Abelian $({\mathbb{Z}}_{2})$ and non-Abelian $(\text{Ising}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\overline{\text{Ising}})$ topologically ordered phases, as well as phases with broken translational symmetry. Interestingly, one of these phases simultaneously exhibits (Abelian) topological order and long-ranged order due to translational symmetry breaking, with nontrivial interactions between excitations in the topological order and defects in the long-ranged order. We introduce a variety of effective models, valid along certain lines in the phase diagram, which can be used to characterize both topological and symmetry-breaking order in these phases and in many cases allow us to characterize the phase transitions that separate them. We use exact diagonalization and high-order series expansion to study areas of the phase diagram where these models break down and to approximate the location of the phase boundaries.
Wonderful Potencies: Deep Structure and the Problem of Monopoly in Agricultural Biotechnology

This chapter examines the historical development of the agricultural biotechnology complex and the strategies employed by major firms in their attempt to build an agro-industrial complex centered on biotechnology and the life sciences. The first section investigates the transformation of agricultural breeding efforts under the influence of modern genetics and molecular biology, focusing on how the highly reductionist view of life that came to dominate breeding and genetic improvement efforts following World War II has been accompanied by an accelerated shift in the locus of innovation from the public land-grant universities to provide biotechnology companies, large life-science multinationals and, more recently, small boutique genomics firms. The next section focuses on the key legal developments that have allowed both for the transformation of “novel” life forms and genetic sequences into new forms of property and for the reconfiguration of relationships between public and private science. The third section then looks at the organizational strategy employed by Monsanto and other first-movers to create a vertically-integrated structure capable of capturing the economic value associated with these new forms of property through the acquisition of key germplasm resources, seed delivery systems, and horizontal and vertical licensing arrangements. Finally, the concluding section addresses some of the legal, political, and economic challenges associated with the emerging architecture of the agricultural biotechnology complex and suggests some of the reasons why the question of regulation and governance in the sector is so challenging.
Cosmopolitanism as Nihilism: Rousseau's Study of Paris

AbstractToday's cosmopolitanism and its ideal of the global citizen is an attempt to bring together the universality of philosophy with the dedication of politics, and more precisely the freedom of the mind with political freedom. This attempted synthesis was also attempted in the eighteenth century by the French philosophes and was examined most carefully and comprehensively by Rousseau. His First Discourse outlines the deficiencies of cosmopolitanism and attempts to reestablish the conflict between philosophy and politics, but it is in his romantic novel Julie that he treats cosmopolitanism most exhaustively as a way of life and as a social order. There he argues that cosmopolitanism is really just a prejudice of metropolises and that its ideal is only a reflection of the ruling element—the gynaecocracy. Ultimately, cosmopolitans are neither philosophers nor citizens and their attempt to be both means that they are nothing at all.
Verbal behavior in the measuring process.

The behavior called “measuring” generates new stimuli that intraverbally evoke new and potentially more effective responding to the situation under investigation. The nature of the measurement-produced contribution to these supplementary antecedent controls is examined, particularly with respect to changes in what can then be said or known. A simple problem (fitting a tablecloth to a table) is analyzed with measuring prohibited. Autoclitically related tacts are seen to emerge and form statements intraverbally. The conclusion is that only when quantitative statements evoked by measurement records supplement the statements featuring autoclitically related tacts can a new and more effective level of responding occur.
An online calibration algorithm of SOC for LiFePO4 battery by using characteristic curve

Battery Monitoring is very important for most of the electric vehicle(EV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) since the safety, operation and even the life of the passenger/operator depends on the battery system. Checking and controlling the status of battery within their specified safe operating conditions is exactly the major function of battery management system (BMS). The state of charge (SOC) is a critical parameter of a Li-ion battery, an accurate on-line estimation of the SOC is important for forecasting the EV driving range and BESS power dispatching. A widely used method to estimate SOC is based on coulomb counting, due to the uncertainty, including unit-to-unit variation, measurement noise, operational uncertainties, and model inaccuracy, it's difficult to estimate the SOC by using coulomb counting, an online inference of open-circuit voltage (OCV) is used to calibrate the SOC, however, a relatively flat OCV curve of LiFePO4 will lead to the error of SOC is large. In this paper, an algorithm using the derivation curve (dV/dQ vs Q) to calibrate the SOC on-line is bring out. The SOC estimation has been implemented using coulomb counting and derivation curve methods thereby eliminating the limitation of the stand-alone coulomb counting method. Finally, by utilizing the actual operation data, experiments and numerical table were conducted, show that this SOC calibrate algorithm based on characteristic curve has better robust performance of the practical application of LiFePO4 battery energy storage system.
GEM: A Framework for Developing Shared-Memory Parallel Genomic Applications on Memory Constrained Architectures

Amount of available genomic data is increasing rapidly with the recent developments in sequencing technologies. Analysis of such data can potentially lead significant advancements in medical research and even practice. However, it is imperative to exploit parallelism and utilize computational resources effectively to handle large scale genomic data. At the same time, the trends in computing technologies are towards architectures with large number of cores and smaller memory size per core (e.g. Intel Xeon Phi). Innovative solutions that meet the requirements of parallel genomic data processing with the constraints of the new computational architectures are urgently needed. In this work, we develop a novel middleware system, GEM, for developing shared-memory parallel genomic applications with memory constraint architectures. We propose load-map-reduce approach and a novel scheduling scheme to decrease I/O contention and prevent over-consumption of the limited memory. We also use domain specific knowledge to decrease the memory requirements of the tasks. In our experiments, we show that GEM has high scalability on Intel Xeon Phi architecture. We also compare GEM against two other frameworks for genomic data processing, GATK and PAGE, and show that our middleware outperforms both.
Biosensing applications of SERS: Bacterial Diagnostics, Blood Aging and Forensics

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy provides unique spectral signatures for rapid, antibiotic specific bacterial diagnostics, monitoring blood aging, malaria detection and trace body fluid identification applicable in forensic science. Article not available.
An Instrument That Simultaneously Measures Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters and Ground Reaction Forces of Locomoting Rats

We describe an instrument that assesses two features of the gait of rats, spatiotemporal paw movement variables (SPMV) and ground reaction forces (GRF) in the vertical direction. The GRF and the SPMV variables are measured electrically by eight single axis load-cells that support two floor plates. We can derive four gait parameters from the SPMV and GRF measured by the instrument: the stride length of individual limbs, the maximum and mean vertical ground forces, and the intensity of the vibrations created by each paw during locomotion. Measurements of the vertical GRF show errors of less than 3.5%; errors in the determination of the paw positions, used to derive stride lengths, are less than 9 mm. Here we report the stride length, maximum and mean GRF values, and the intensity of the floor vibrations of healthy adult mature rats. Our instrument is capable of evaluating changes in these gait parameters in rat models of injury and disease.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Adult linear IgA disease associated with an erythema multiforme-like drug reaction

The authors describe a 58-year-old woman who experienced an erythema multiforme-like reaction following therapy with cefamandole naftate. Histologically, findings were consistent with erythema multiforme, but diffuse linear deposition of IgA was demonstrated at the dermo-epidermal junction by direct immunofluorescence. Ultrastructurally, deposits were located beneath the basal lamina, around the anchoring fibrils. These observations illustrate that adult linear IgA bullous dermatosis can mimic the clinical and histological features of erythema multiforme and suggest the possibility of drug-induced pathogenesis.
We Restrict CRRT to Only the Most Hemodynamically Unstable Patients

From the initial version of an extended renal replacement therapy, the initiative to provide safer, more efficient means for detoxification and volume removal in comparison with intermittent renal replacement therapies (IRRT) has been evaluated. As a result, the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines for acute kidney injury recommend the preferential use of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in patients who are hemodynamically unstable or who suffer from intracranial hypertension. The choice of dialysis modality is also influenced by other factors including clinical expertise, and the availability of each treatment option in individual medical centers. In the scientific community, there is an ongoing debate regarding the choice of dialysis modality. On one side, the inability of recent studies to demonstrate any mortality or renal recovery benefit for CRRT, the need for patient immobilization, and prohibitive additional costs impede widespread adoption of the method.On the other side, the physiological advantages of CRRT in detoxification and volume removal and the identified flaws related to the comparative literature regarding CRRT and IRRT fuel this debate. Fluid overload is a recognized and yet clinically underappreciated factor that increases morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). Continuous renal replacement therapy has a distinct advantage over IRRT in achieving euvolemia and thus the potential for improving outcomes in all patients in the ICU setting in which extensive fluid administration is often obligatory. With this in mind, perhaps CRRT should not be restricted to only those patients in whom their hemodynamic status requires it. This article reviews the current literature and the myths that may influence the selection of one mode of therapy over the other among patients requiring renal replacement therapy in the ICU.
Union of intertrochanteric osteotomies.

1. Fibrous union of an osteotomy occurred in only 3 per cent of osteotomies done during a four-year period. 2. Delayed union sometimes gives rise to pain on bearing weight while union is in progress, and non-union is usually associated with disabling pain. 3. The most significant factors predisposing to delayed or fibrous union are inefficient fixation and excessive displacement. A high or very oblique osteotomy may also have an adverse effect upon the rate of bony union.
Antibiotic Resistance of Fecal Coliforms from Swine Fed Subtherapeutic and Therapeutic Levels of Chlortetracycline

The effect of feeding subtherapeutic (27.5 micrograms/g of diet for 85 d) and therapeutic (220 micrograms/g of diet for 14 d, followed by an antibiotic-free diet for 71 d) levels of chlortetracycline (CTC) on the antibiotic resistance of fecal coliforms of pigs from two herds (36 pigs/herd) with different histories of antibiotic exposure when housed in a newly constructed confinement facility was determined. The CTC-resistant coliforms were higher (65 vs 51%) for antibiotic (AB) pigs than for nonantibiotic (NAB) pigs after they had been fed an antibiotic-free diet for 21 d. Percentages of isolates resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin and tetracycline and multiple antibiotic resistance were greater (P less than .05) in AB pigs after 21 d. Feeding subtherapeutic CTC resulted in a linear increase in CTC-resistant coliforms with time on experiment (P less than .03, NAB; P less than .06, AB). The CTC-resistant coliforms increased during the 14 d that therapeutic CTC was fed, then they decreased during the 71 d that the antibiotic-free diet was fed, resulting in a quadratic response with time (P less than .03, AB). Feeding subtherapeutic CTC resulted in a greater increase in CTC-resistant coliforms in AB (47%) than in NAB (23%) pigs. The CTC-resistant coliforms decreased after the therapeutic group had been returned to the antibiotic-free diet (P less than .05, NAB). Feeding CTC caused greater changes in the precentages of isolates from NAB pigs that were resistant to selected antibiotics and in multiple antibiotic resistance than in isolates from AB pigs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Input Synchrony on the Response of a Model Neuron

For a model neuron with 3 conductances, we studied the dependence of the average spike rate on the degree of synchrony in its synaptic inputs. The effect of synchrony was determined as a function of three parameters: number of inputs, average input frequency and the size of unitary EPSPs.
Estimating above-ground biomass and production in mangrove communities of Biscayne National Park, Florida (U.S.A.)

Total above-ground production isusually estimated by a combination of allometry andlitter collection. However, in coastal sites that aretidally influenced, or in juvenile or dwarf forestswhere the crown bases of dominant individuals maybegin within a few decimeters of ground level,estimates of community leaf production that depend onlitter collection may not be feasible. Thus, in thispaper, we present 1) allometric equations that allowaccurate estimation of total above-ground biomass ofthree mangrove species (Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia germinans)in very small to medium size classes, and 2) analternative method of estimating total above-groundproduction that overcomes the limitations of littercollection. The method we employ to estimate mangroveproductivity is an adaptation for woody plantcommunities of a procedure introduced by Dai andWeigert (1996) for grasslands. It incorporates adetailed census of all individuals within fixedsampling plots, along with periodic observations ofmarked leaf cohorts. The method allows the comparisonof biomass allocation patterns among forests thatdiffer widely in physiognomy and physiographicsetting.The method was applied to a South Florida fringemangrove forest in the early stages of recovery fromHurricane Andrew (August 1992), and an adjacent dwarfforest which was not substantially damaged by thestorm. Total above-ground production in the fringeforest from July 1996 through June 1997 was about 3times higher than dwarf forest production,26.1 Mg·ha-1·yr-1 vs.8.1 Mg·ha-1·yr-1, respectively. Furthermore, when compared to the dwarf forest, fringeproduction rates were approximately eight, six, six,and two times as high as dwarf forest rates forproproots, branches, stems, and leaves, respectively. Calculations of leaf production were based on mean redmangrove leaf longevities that ranged from about 189days to 281 days, depending on cohort and site.Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated thatleaf life spans did not differ significantly betweendwarf and fringe forests, but did differ among leafcohorts.Based on reported values for similar mangrove forests,the method provided reasonable estimates ofabove-ground biomass and production, while furnishingrelevant auxiliary information on spatial and temporalvariation in leaf demographic patterns. Furthermore,the partitioning of annual production between woodytissues and leaves followed the reported trend in mostforest ecosystems.
Hepatomegaly. An approach to differential diagnosis

Hepatomegaly is not an uncommon occurrence in infancy and childhood. When the pediatrician encounters a patient with an enlarged liver, he must carefully evaluate that patient in order to determine the necessary approach to establishing a diagnosis. Specific emphasis must be made as to those conditions which necessitate hospital admission and complete evaluation and those self-limited conditions which may resolve with time.
Comparison of MIMO system identification methods for electromechanical oscillation damping estimation

The paper presents two groups of measurement based multi-inputs, multi-outputs (MIMO) system identification approaches, which are subspace state-space identification and transfer function identification. The purpose is to compare the performance and features of these methods in terms of electromechanical oscillation damping estimation. The selected methods are validated by using ambient data and ring-down data in the 16-machine 68-bus Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) system. Meanwhile, the advantages and limitations of technologies are described.
The Multiperspectival Rhetorical Situation as a Method for Rhetorical Analysis and Communication Development

By applying a multiperspectival approach of the rhetorical situation to a critical analysis of the CDC Vital Signs report "Alcohol and Pregnancy," I seek to demonstrate how the process of developing communication materials can benefit from including a preliminary rhetorical analysis that 1) uses the basic principles of the theory of rhetorical situation, and 2) includes the perspective of the target audience or user. I propose that the addition of this analysis will yield more effective communication.
Peripheral Blood Stem Cells vs Bone Marrow for Matched Sibling Transplant in AML and ALL in First Remission.

Abstract We report a retrospective comparison of peripheral blood (PBSC) versus bone marrow derived stem cells for allogeneic transplant in a cohort of similarly treated patients based on eight year data from a single institution. Over the period 1995 to 2003, a total of 151 patients with AML or ALL in first CR underwent allogeneic matched sibling donor transplant, 98 AML patients and 53 with ALL. The source of stem cells was bone marrow in 69, G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in 82. Of the AML patients, 40 (58%) received marrow, 58 (71%) received PBSC. Of the ALL patients, 29 (42%) received marrow, 24 (29%) got PBSC. The age of patients receiving marrow was 32.7 ± 13.6, and for those getting PBSC was 36.1 ± 16.1. The conditioning regimen was fully ablative (TBI/VP-16) in all but five patients (Fludarabine/Melphalan in 1 marrow and 4 PBSC pts). GVHD prophylaxis was with cyclosporine/methotrexate in patients receiving ablative conditioning, and CSP/MMF in the flu/mel patients. The time to achieving an ANC >1000 was significantly shorter (P value=.0001) in the PBSC group, 18.2 ±6.6 days vs. 27.2 ±48.7 in the marrow group. Time to achieving a platelet count greater than 25K was significantly shorter (P value=2x10−11) for the PBSC group, 20.9 ± 8.5 vs. 31.8 ± 11.2 for marrow. This was true as well for time to reach platelet counts greater than 100K (P value=10−8), 29.7 ± 28 days for PBSC, 55.8 ±55.6 for marrow. In fact there was a significant increase (P=.0001) in the number of patients, 29 (42%) of marrow recipients vs 11 (13%) of PBSC, who did not at any time achieve a platelet count of >100K. There was no significant difference in survival at 2 years or 4 years between marrow or PBSC-Kaplan-Meier survival probability at 2 and 4 years respectively for AML was.66 and.54 for marrow, and.67 and.54 for PBSC. In ALL, the 2 and 4 year K-M survival probability was.72 and.65 for marrow;.69 and.69 for PBSC recipients. There was no significant difference in acute GVHD, with grade I-II described in 19 (28%) of the marrow pts, 29 (35%) in the PBSC pts, and grade II-IV in 8 (12%) marrow pts and 11 (13%) receiving PBSC (p value =.57), or chronic GVHD (P value=.62). Interestingly, in a subset analysis of patients who were diagnosed with acute GVHD, there was a significant difference in disease free survival at 5 years (see graph), suggesting that there is a qualitative difference between acute GVHD observed as a result of bone marrow versus PBSC as a source of stem cells. Download : Download high-res image (105KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure
Social Media Seamsters: Stitching Platforms & Audiences into Local Crisis Infrastructure

This paper examines social media use after a tragic disaster in a rural community in the USA--the 2014 Oso Landslide. Drawing upon interviews with community members and digital traces from multiple platforms, we explore how affected locals, government responders and journalists utilized a broad range of social media in their work-assembling different platforms to meet the information needs of their audiences. We borrow the analytical lens of stitching suggested by Vertesi, which allows us to see where these infrastructural alignments are seamless vs. seamful-highlighting some of the emergent and persistent challenges for those responding to disasters with and through social media. We demonstrate how this work is extremely dynamic, as the technical affordances of these platforms and the evolving practices of users shape how crisis communication occurs. Simultaneously, the pervasive and in some places institutionalized use of these platforms across a wide range of local actors suggests they are performing as critical infrastructure during crisis response. This raises questions of what it means to have so much local crisis information work occurring through platforms that mediate from a distance.
Lack of patient-clinician concordance (LOC) across disease and treatment status in cancer.

e20520 Background: The number and severity of cancer patients’ concerns is associated with their distress. Discrepancies between patient (pt) and clinician reporting of cancer pts’ symptoms and con...
Grundlegende Erkenntnisse aus der Erforschung des Bienenstocks

Wahrend der vergangenen 15 Sommer habe ich einen Grosteil meiner Zeit damit verbracht, die Mechanismen zu entratseln, die die Mitglieder eines Honigbienenvolkes koordiniert zusammenarbeiten lassen, wenn sie ihre Nahrung an den Blumengruppen sammeln, mit denen die Landschaft rund um ihren Bienenstock ubersat ist. Dieses Buch fast die Ergebnisse dieser Anstrengungen zusammen. Notwendigerweise stellt es eine Menge von Einzelheiten dar, aber ich hoffe, das die Zusammenfassungen am Ende der Kapitel und das Kapitel uber die Organisationsstrukturen von Tiergesellschaften (Kapitel 10) dem Leser geholfen haben, einen allgemeinen Uberblick uber die Mechanismen sozialer Koordination in einem Bienenstock zu erhalten. In diesem letzten Kapitel mochte ich zwei ubergreifende Erkenntnisse hervorheben, die aus diesen Untersuchungen an den Bienen erwachsen.
Parent-child relations and delinquency among African American and European American juvenile offenders: an expanded examination of self-control theory

Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime indicates that low levels of self-control leads to subsequent delinquency. Multiple studies suggest an indirect effect of parent and family factors...
Shoulder Complex Mechanics in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and Their Relation to Patient-perceived Function.

Background Proper contribution of the scapulothoracic joint is necessary for adequate shoulder complex function. Associations between trunk shape and abnormal scapular kinematics and subsequent shoulder dysfunction have been established; however, the extent of shoulder dysfunction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of scapular kinematics during multiplanar arm motion in patients with AIS and compare kinematics and patient-reported function with that of a typically developing cohort. Methods Typically developing adolescents (n=33) and patients with AIS (n=26) with no history of spine or shoulder surgery were recruited for this study. A 3-dimensional optoelectronic motion capture system was used to analyze scapular kinematics in 4 positions: rest, full abduction, forward reach, and hand to spine. Subjects in each group also completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire as a measure of patient-reported function. Results The convex shoulders of the patients with AIS exhibited deficits in scapular upward rotation and posterior tilt in all positions and reduced protraction range of motion during reaching. The AIS group also reported worse patient-perceived shoulder function than the typically developing group; however, this dysfunction was not related to specific scapular kinematic patterns. Conclusions Patients with AIS show alterations in scapular kinematics that are associated with shoulder pathology. Despite displaying an unaffected ability to place the hand in space, the underlying joint mechanics place these adolescents at risk for future pathology. Accordingly, consideration of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint function is warranted in the treatment of AIS. Level of evidence Level III-cross-sectional comparison.
Investigation of Unusual Placental Patterns

The uniform consistency of placental echoes seen during obstetrical ultrasound examinations has become accepted as the pattern of a normal placenta. In our laboratory, we have observed five non-uniform placental patterns in uncomplicated gestations. The patterns consist of 1) dense circular patterns within the placenta; 2) dense linear patterns within the placenta; 3) cystic areas within the placenta; 4) anechoic areas in close proximity to the uterine wall; and 5) increased placental thickness with a light echo pattern on the maternal surface.
Complete 72-parametric classification of surface plasmon polaritons in quartic metamaterials

We propose a general and complete classification of all possible new and old kinds of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) that can propagate at boundaries of arbitrary linear, local bi-anisotropic media, including the quartic metamaterials. In particular, we introduce a new kind of generic bi-exponential SPPs with arbitrary frequency, wavelength, propagation direction, and penetration depths and fields. We show that any such an SPP is supported by a broad 72-parametric invariance class of pairs of interfacing media. A member of each invariance class is a pair of anisotropic materials without magnetoelectric couplings.
Low Frequency Ultrasound Enhanced Dual Amination of Biochar: A Nitrogen-Enriched Sorbent for CO2 Capture

The present study discusses a novel biochar activation technique consisting of physical modification using low frequency ultrasound and chemical functionalization with individual amines and their b...
Synthesis of crystalline phases in space silicate analogues with helium ion irradiation

Abstract Silicate minerals such as “Mg-Fe-Si-O” compounds, are found in asteroids, planets, and cosmic dust grains in the interstellar medium. As the silicate dust grains traverse regions of space, they are irradiated by energetic ions, such as alpha particles, which can modify the crystalline phase of the mineral dust. Silicate dust grain analogues were synthesized using multiple low energy (
Ultrasound Elastography as a Non-Invasive Method to Monitor Liver Disease in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome: Updated Results

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine the accuracy of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound elastography in assessing the degree of liver disease in children with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Methods A prospective observational cohort study of patients with SBS who underwent a liver biopsy and ARFI elastography was performed. Mean shear wave speed (SWS) and stage of fibrosis was evaluated using t-tests. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were generated and the area under the curves (AUC) estimated in order to assess the accuracy of SWS measurements to discriminate between stages of fibrosis. Results Thirty-seven paired elastography and biopsy samples from 31 patients were included. The median age was 0.6 years, and 61% were male. There was a significant positive correlation between stage of fibrosis and mean SWS (β = 0.16 m/s increase per stage, p = Conclusion ARFI elastography is an accurate, non-invasive method to monitor liver disease in children with SBS. Type of Study Retrospective Cohort Study Level of Evidence II
Anticytokeratin Antibody 34βE12 Staining in Prostate Carcinoma

Anticytokeratin antibody 34 beta E12 is advocated as an immunohistochemical stain for discriminating benign and malignant lesions of the prostate. Positive staining with 34 beta E12 is said to identify benign lesions, whereas negative staining is said to help substantiate a diagnosis of carcinoma. It is further claimed that 34 beta E12 does not stain prostate carcinoma. The studies leading to these conclusions used hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of primary prostate lesions as controls. Although the cytokeratin content of a few cell lines of metastatic prostate carcinoma has been investigated, the 34 beta E12 immunohistochemical staining of metastatic prostate carcinoma has not been evaluated. If 34 beta E12 positivity is present only in benign prostate cells, then metastatic prostate carcinoma cells should be uniformly negative with this stain. In 14 cases of moderate and high-grade prostate cancer with metastases to lymph nodes, we found 34 beta E12 positivity in 6 (43%) of 14 metastases and in 7 (54%) of 13 primary tumors. Our findings of 34 beta E12 staining in primary and metastatic moderately and poorly differentiated prostate carcinoma differ from those reported in the literature for well-differentiated prostate carcinoma. We urge caution in the use and interpretation of 34 beta E12 staining for the diagnosis of primary and metastatic prostate carcinoma.
Quantifying Apparel Consumer Use Behavior in Six Countries: Addressing a Data Need in Life Cycle Assessment Modeling

The consumer use phase of a product life cycle often creates a significant portion of the environmental burdens and in many cases the consumer use environmental impacts can be reduced with small behavioral changes. Due to hot water washing and mechanical drying, the apparel consumer use phase has been recognized as an environmental hotspot significantly contributing to multiple impact categories. Despite the importance of this phase, there is a lack of data describing apparel consumer use behavior that is fundamental to perform comprehensive LCAs. To address this need, consumer data was collected from over 6,000 global respondents spanning China, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States characterizing the use of T-shirts, knit collared shirts and woven pants. A particularly significant variable required for LCA is the total washes per lifetime, for which global averages were determined to be 17.3 washes, 22.2 washes and 23.5 washes for T-shirts, knit collared shirts and woven pants, respectively, with substantial inter-country variation. In addition, clothing lifetime was examined and respondents reported an average first-life use period of 37 months, 40 months and 42 months for T-shirts, knit collared shirts and pants, respectively. Washing water temperature and machine technologies are reported and vary by country. Clothes drying methods were also examined and respondents reported high machine drying rates in the United States (73%) and less than 13% in all other nations. For garment end-of-life fate, Asian countries reported higher values of clothing disposal while European countries and the United States reported more donations to charity. This publication provides robust consumer use data by country and on global levels that can be used in future LCAs and other apparel research. Additionally, these data can be used to benchmark current laundering technologies and identify consumer use behavior changes that could reduce the environmental impacts of apparel.
Impact of bacteria and urease concentration on precipitation kinetics and crystal morphology of calcium carbonate

Microbial/Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation uses bacteria/urease to drive the biogeochemical reactions to generate CaCO3 precipitation. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of initial concentrations of urease and bacteria on precipitation kinetics and crystal morphology (crystal shape and chemical composition) of calcium carbonate precipitation. Experimental results showed that the CaCO3 precipitation kinetics were well-fitted by a modified exponential logistic model with a confidence value of 95%, and higher concentrations of bacteria and urease could increase the precipitation rate of CaCO3. The results of XRD, FTIR and SEM indicated that vaterite phase was the dominant form of CaCO3 crystals in bacteria-induced system, and calcite phase was the primary form of the CaCO3 crystals in urease-induced system. The results also showed that the effect of initial concentrations of bacteria and urease on the morphology of CaCO3 crystals was insignificant.
Wing Morphology and Body Design in Opsiphanes and Caligo Butterflies Match the Demands of Male Mating Displays (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

There is noticeable variation in male mate-seeking behavior among species of Brassolini butterflies. Males of Opsiphanes Doubleday and Caligo Hubner (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) species perform crepuscular displays along forest edges and in light gaps. While male Opsiphanes perform aerial displays, Caligo males perch and wait for receptive females. A comparison of five species of each genus suggests that male display behavior is associated with, and has likely influenced the evolution of their wing attributes and body design. Opsiphanes males have higher wing aspect ratio and more distal centroid position than congeneric females, suggesting that the energetic demands of aerial displays led to sexual dimorphism in wing morphology. In contrast, male and female Caligo generally showed similar wing morphology, which possibly results from the lower energy expenditure of perching behavior when compared with active flight. Likely due to a genetic correlation between sexes, female Opsiphanes and Caligo are more similar in wing morphology and body design to their congeneric males than to each other. Based on our analyses, we make predictions about reproductive behavior for four species in which male mating displays are unknown.
Training Capacity of the Fixed Wing FAA Part 141 Flight Schools within the United States

Discussions have been held in classrooms, industry forums and in the media about the looming pilot shortage. Discussion to date has primarily focused on causal factors, and forecasting industry need for pilots; there is little research on where those pilots are going to come from. A study was conducted to quantify the pilot training capacity in the United States, focusing on FAA Part 141 certified flight schools associated with University degree programs. This information will be used to help the FAA and industry members make informed decisions and plan for the future. In total, 33 schools participated in a survey, ranging in size from 1700 students to 11. Lack of CFI’s was the most common limiting factor, followed by lack of aircraft. 14 of the 33 schools were at or above 100 percent capacity. Several other metrics were surveyed, including costs, total pilot output, training duration, and CFI attrition, in order to build a broad picture of the state of pilot training within the United States.
Feasibility and usability of MentorPal, a framework for rapid development of virtual mentors

One-on-one mentoring is effective for helping novices with career development. However, traditional mentoring scales poorly. To address this problem, MentorPal emulates conversations with a panel o...
Sinclair broadcasting as mini-media empire: media regulation, disinfomercials, and the rise of Trumpism:

This article argues that Sinclair Broadcast Group (SBG) should be read as a mini-network, one that has used lenient regulations to build a vast empire of affiliate stations, which allows them to ma...
Non-porphyrin dyes used as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the process of applying a light source onto a photosensitive chemical in order to produce reactive oxygen species. This process has gained prevalence within the oncology space as a potential treatment strategy, as PDT allows for accumulation of the photosensitive chemical at the site of the malignancy; therefore, when the reactive oxygen species are formed, they can to be cytotoxic towards the malignant cells. This treatment is especially appealing as an oncologic therapy since physicians are able to localize the light source in the area of the cancer cells. Without the light source, the photosensitizer will not enter its excited state to form reactive oxygen species, thus reducing the incidence of systemic adverse effects. This review article highlights the in vitro and in vivo results of second-generation non-porphyrin agents such as the squaraine, xanthene, cyanine, anthraquinone, phenothiazine, borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) and aza-BODIPY dyes. Second-generation photosensitizers have demonstrated promise in PDT as a result of their ability to have enhanced localization at the site of action due to tissue stability, absence of dark toxicity, and have the ability to be rapidly cleared from the body, among other advantages; however, literature has demonstrated both benefits and obstacles within each of the second-generation non-porphyrin dye treatment families. This article will also discuss some of the emerging therapies within this treatment strategy referred to as the third-generation PDT agents, following in particular the advancements made on the second-generation photosensitizers, and how advanced delivery systems influence the efficacy of the aforementioned second-generation non-porphyrin PDT dyes.
β-Ga2O3 Nanomembrane Negative Capacitance Field-Effect Transistors with Steep Subthreshold Slope for Wide Band Gap Logic Applications.

Steep-slope β-Ga2O3 nanomembrane negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FETs) are demonstrated with ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide in the gate dielectric stack. Subthreshold slope less than 60 mV/dec at room temperature is obtained for both forward and reverse gate-voltage sweeps with a minimum value of 34.3 mV/dec at the reverse gate-voltage sweep and 53.1 mV/dec at the forward gate-voltage sweep at VDS = 0.5 V. Enhancement-mode operation with a threshold voltage of ∼0.4 V is achieved by tuning the thickness of the β-Ga2O3 membrane. Low hysteresis of less than 0.1 V is obtained. The steep-slope, low hysteresis, and enhancement-mode β-Ga2O3 NC-FETs are promising as an nFET candidate for future wide band gap complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor logic applications.
What Happened to the Rest? A Principled Approach to Clean-Up Costs in Algorithmic Trading

This article proposes a practical and computationally efficient methodology to assign a value for clean-up cost, the opportunity cost associated with the cancelled portion of an order. Unbiased estimation of clean-up costs is an essential component in performing accurate transaction cost analysis in algorithmic trading. We illustrate with an example drawn from practice. The approach is introduced in the context of cleaning up orders in algorithmic trading. However, it is straightforward to modify it for other settings where market data needs to be properly adjusted for realized impact. This new approach will be of interest to academics and practitioners alike.
In-process chemical and mechanical polishing for fused filament fabrication: A feasibility study

Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a commonly used additive technology but suffers from poor surface quality. Since post-processes can be labor-intensive and time-consuming, this research aims to explore the concept of in-process polishing. A desktop FFF system was modified to include separate heads for printing, mechanical and chemical polishing. In this pilot study, two simple geometries (cube and cylinder) are tested with a fully automated operation. The resultant surfaces are uniform and show more than 85% reduction in surface roughness to reach less than 4 μm (Ra). However, the uncertain material removal effect from chemical polishing may induce additional dimensional errors.
Inhibition of Knee Sensory Receptors does not affect Quadriceps Muscle Activity at Different Conditions of Patellofemoral Loading

Sensory receptors within joints provide the central nervous system (CNS) with information about the stress and strains in joint structures such as ligaments and menisci. How these joint sensory afferents are used by the CNS to generate motor commands is still poorly understood. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that the role of joint sensory afferents depends on the level of joint loading. To this end, we assessed the effect of temporarily inhibiting joint sensory receptors on quadriceps muscles activity during locomotion in the rat before and after paralysis of vastus lateralis, a perturbation that causes medial loading in the patellofemoral joint. The CNS compensated for the loss of vastus lateralis by gradually increasing the activity of vastus intermedius and rectus femoris over five weeks of adaptation. This strategy limits patellofemoral joint loading, suggesting that the CNS regulates internal joint stresses and strains. However, the temporary inhibition of knee sensory receptors did not cause significant changes in quadriceps muscle activity, both before and at any time point after paralysis. We therefore found no evidence for the existence of fast feedback loops mediated by joint sensory afferents, that depends on patellofemoral joint loading. Additional work is needed to investigate whether joint sensory afferents mediate long-term adaptation to joint stresses and strains.