cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Product vacua with boundary states

We introduce a family of quantum spin chains with nearest-neighbor interactions that can serve to clarify and refine the classification of gapped quantum phases of such systems. The gapped ground states of these models can be described as a product vacuum with a finite number of particles bound to the edges. The numbers of particles, ${n}_{L}$ and ${n}_{R}$, that can bind to the left and right edges of the finite chains serve as indices of the particular phase a model belongs to. All these ground states, which we call product vacua with boundary states (PVBS), can be described as matrix product states (MPS). We present a curve of gapped Hamiltonians connecting the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) model to its representative PVBS model, which has indices ${n}_{L}={n}_{R}=1$. We also present examples with ${n}_{L}={n}_{R}=J$, for any integer $J\ensuremath{\ge}1$, that are related to a recently introduced class of $\text{SO}(2J+1)$-invariant quantum spin chains.
Sequence periodicity in nucleosomal DNA and intrinsic curvature

Most eukaryotic DNA contained in the nucleus is packaged by wrapping DNA around histone octamers. Histones are ubiquitous and bind most regions of chromosomal DNA. In order to achieve smooth wrapping of the DNA around the histone octamer, the DNA duplex should be able to deform and should possess intrinsic curvature. The deformability of DNA is a result of the non-parallelness of base pair stacks. The stacking interaction between base pairs is sequence dependent. The higher the stacking energy the more rigid the DNA helix, thus it is natural to expect that sequences that are involved in wrapping around the histone octamer should be unstacked and possess intrinsic curvature. Intrinsic curvature has been shown to be dictated by the periodic recurrence of certain dinucleotides. Several genome-wide studies directed towards mapping of nucleosome positions have revealed periodicity associated with certain stretches of sequences. In the current study, these sequences have been analyzed with a view to understand their sequence-dependent structures. Higher order DNA structures and the distribution of molecular bend loci associated with 146 base nucleosome core DNA sequence from C. elegans and chicken have been analyzed using the theoretical model for DNA curvature. The curvature dispersion calculated by cyclically permuting the sequences revealed that the molecular bend loci were delocalized throughout the nucleosome core region and had varying degrees of intrinsic curvature. The higher order structures associated with nucleosomes of C.elegans and chicken calculated from the sequences revealed heterogeneity with respect to the deviation of the DNA axis. The results points to the possibility of context dependent curvature of varying degrees to be associated with nucleosomal DNA.
Bias and Precision of the fluoroBancroft Algorithm for Single Particle Localization in Fluorescence Microscopy

The fluoroBancroft (FB) algorithm is an analytical solution to the position estimation problem in single molecule fluorescence microscopy. In this paper we derive a theoretical description of the bias and precision of the estimator for three dimensional estimation based on a stack of charge-coupled device (CCD) images and illustrate the results through realistic simulations. The results indicate that the algorithm exhibits a small bias that is driven primarily by modeling error and is dependent on the location of the source particle relative to the set of pixels used for estimation. In the shot noise limited case, the precision scales approximately as the inverse square root of the number of photons detected and as the inverse of the number of photons detected in the background noise limited case. The results are compared through simulation to the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator based on the theoretical point spread function and found to have a similar performance. In general, the ML estimate had lower bias and variance, though at the lowest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), FB outperformed ML. The FB algorithm executes approximately three to four orders-of-magnitude faster than the ML estimator and is well-suited for applications in which real-time results are needed.
Cyclostationary modeling, analysis, and optimal compensation of quantization errors in subband codecs

The paper is concerned with the analysis and modeling of the effects of quantization of subband signals in subband codecs. Using cyclostationary representations, the authors derive equations for the autocorrelation and power spectral density (PSD) of the reconstructed signal y(n) in terms of the analysis/synthesis filters, the PSD of the input, and the pdf-optimized quantizer model. Formulas for the mean-square error (MSE) and for compaction gain are obtained in terms of these parameters. The authors constrain the filter bank to be perfect reconstruction (PR) (but not necessarily paraunitary) in the absence of quantization and transmission errors. These formulas set the stage for filter optimization (maximization of compaction gain and minimization of MSE) subject to PR and bit constraints. Optimal filters are designed, optimal compensation is performed, and the theoretical results are confirmed with simulations. The floating-point quantizer wherein only the mantissa is uniformly quantized is also analyzed and compared with the fixed point, pdf-optimized filter bank. For high bit rates, their performance is comparable. >
The Manjúa Fishery of Guatemala’s Caribbean: Balancing the Needs for Regional Ecosystem Productivity and National Food Security

‘‘Hey, what’s that smell?’’ Pablo and I looked north out over the Amatique Bay (Figure 1) from where the northern breeze was picking up over the brackish shallow waters and saw what appeared to be a family of manjueros – fishers of the tiny anchovy, locally called manjua (Figure 2). We walked to the beach and rapidly began to see the evidence of manjua fishing – dead and discarded juvenile fish and crabs, littering the sand in the gently lapping waves and polluting the fresh Caribbean breeze with a putrid odor. Walking barefoot on the beach we could avoid stepping on the spiny dead creatures, but wading into the shallow bay we had to rely on luck to keep the bottoms of our feet from being punctured.
Side‐chain hydrophobicity and the stability of Aβ16–22 aggregates

Recent mutagenesis studies using the hydrophobic segment of Aβ suggest that aromatic π-stacking interactions may not be critical for fibril formation. We have tested this conjecture by probing the effect of Leu, Ile, and Ala mutation of the aromatic Phe residues at positions 19 and 20, on the double-layer hexametric chains of Aβ fragment Aβ16–22 using explicit solvent all-atom molecular dynamics. As these simulations rely on the accuracy of the utilized force fields, we first evaluated the dynamic and stability dependence on various force fields of small amyloid aggregates. These initial investigations led us to choose AMBER99SB-ILDN as force field in multiple long molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns that probe the stability of the wild-type and mutants oligomers. Single-point and double-point mutants confirm that size and hydrophobicity are key for the aggregation and stability of the hydrophobic core region (Aβ16–22). This suggests as a venue for designing Aβ aggregation inhibitors the substitution of residues (especially, Phe 19 and 20) in the hydrophobic region (Aβ16–22) with natural and non-natural amino acids of similar size and hydrophobicity.
P‐233: Multimode DBR Laser Operation for Frequency Doubled Green Lasers in Projection Displays

In frequency doubled green lasers for laser scanning micro projectors, the wavelength fluctuations can create low spatial frequency and repeatable image artifacts that significantly degrade the image quality. We demonstrate a technique where the laser gain current is repeatedly reset to zero and the laser phase is randomized, both at high frequency. The image defects are replaced by high spatial frequency content noise that minimizes the detrimental effects in the human vision system.
Implemented optical perfect shuffle with a planarized architecture

microelectronic integrated circuits is limited by electromagnetic interference, parasitic capacitance, andinductance coupling. To overcome the bottlenecks of electrical interconnects, optical interconnection hasbeen widely agreed to be one of the most important alternatives.23Many investigators have been working on optical implementation of the perfect shuffle, and severalapproaches have been proposed and then demonstrated.4-9 Lohmann and his colleague4'5 performed thisconcept with a combination of lenses and prisms. Using microlens arrays, the PS is demonstrated bySawchuk and Glaser.6 Recently, holographic optical elements (HOEs) are employed to implement one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) PSs.79 All these implementations are limited to free spaceoptical interconnects, which are vulnerable to mechanical and environmental perturbations. Furthermore,
White count, ph and lactate in ascites in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

In order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ascitic pH and lactate for early confirmation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 109 consecutive patients with ascites were studied. The mean ascitic leukocyte [white blood cell (WBC)] and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) counts, pH and lactate levels in 42 patients with sterile "normal" ascites were 124 +/- 157 per mm3, 41 +/- 77 per mm3, 7.502 +/- 0.097 and 11.1 +/- 7.9 mg per dl, respectively. Mean ascitic WBC and PMN counts were significantly increased in 10 patients with SBP (10,452 +/- 8,091 and 9,522 +/- 7,470 per mm3), in 10 patients with bloody ascites (2,591 +/- 4,284 and 1,057 +/- 1,494 per mm3) and in 11 patients with cytology positive malignant ascites (1,529 +/- 2,071 and 868 +/- 1,601 per mm3) (p less than 0.001). Mean ascitic pH was significantly reduced in SBP (7.335 +/- 0.048), in bloody ascites (7.384 +/- 0.037) and in cytology positive malignant ascites (7.355 +/- 0.167) (p less than 0.001). Mean ascitic lactate was also significantly elevated in these three groups of patients (36.8 +/- 17.0, 42.8 +/- 35.8 and 24.0 +/- 17.5 mg per dl, respectively; p less than 0.001) as well as in patients with bacteremia (51.6 +/- 78.0 mg per dl, p less than 0.005). However, ascitic pH less than 7.31, ascitic lactate greater than 33 mg per dl were observed only in three of the patients with SBP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Role of Nondeterminism in Verification and Validation of Computational Solid Mechanics Models

Verification and validation (V&V) is an enabling methodology for the development of models that can be used to make engineering predictions with high confidence. Model V&V procedures are needed by government and industry to reduce the time, cost and danger associated with component and full-scale testing of products, materials, and weapons. The development of guidelines and procedures for conducting a V&V program are currently being defined by a broad spectrum of researchers. This paper briefly reviews the main concepts involved in V&V and then focuses on the critical role that nondeterministic analysis plays in the V&V process.
Experience in testing the Motif interface

The testing and quality assurance of the Motif 1.0 graphical user-interface software are described. The testing goals, which fell into three general categories (code coverage, defect-density, and defect-arrival rate), and a deliverable formal test suite are examined. The three phases of the testing process-evaluation, test development, and regression testing-and the tools used in testing are discussed. >
Image recovery from data acquired with a charge-coupled-device camera

A model for data acquired with the use of a charge-coupled-device camera is given and is then used for developing a new iterative method for restoring intensities of objects observed with such a camera. The model includes the effects of point spread, photoconversion noise, readout noise, nonuniform flat-field response, nonuniform spectral response, and extraneous charge carriers resulting from bias, dark current, and both internal and external background radiation. An iterative algorithm is identified that produces a sequence of estimates converging toward a constrained maximum-likelihood estimate of the intensity distribution of an imaged object. An example is given for restoring images from data acquired with the use of the Hubble Space Telescope.
Novel Approaches to the Study of Protein-Protein Interface Properties

Over 1000 protein-protein complexes extracted from the Protein Data Base (PDB) are investigated. The interface is defined by the parameter-free definition based on mutual proximity. Surface atoms are identified using a combination of the solvent-accessible surface and the circular variance (shown earlier to be capable of characterizing the degree of burial of atoms in a macromolecule).Surface properties will be defined using contact residues, geometric properties defined with the help of circular variance and solvation properties defined using simulations in the grand-canonical ensemble. It is expected that the information gathered in this work will help select the right model among the (usually) several plausible predictions from the currently available protein-protein interaction prediction calculations.
San Andreas Fault dip, Peninsular Ranges mafic lower crust and partial melt in the Salton Trough, Southern California, from ambient-noise tomography

We use ambient-noise tomography to improve CVM-H11.9, a community velocity model of southern California. Our new 3D shear-velocity model with 0.05°x0.05° lateral and 1-km vertical blocks reveals new structure beneath the San Andreas Fault (SAF), Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB), southern Sierra Nevada batholith (SNB) and the Salton Trough (ST). We use four years of data recorded on 849 broadband stations, vastly more than previous studies and including our own broadband Salton Seismic Imaging Project, a 40-station transect across the ST, as well as other campaign stations in both Mexico and the U.S.A. Mean lower-crust and upper-mantle wavespeeds (3.6 km/s @ 20km, 4.2 km/s @ 40km) are low by global standards. Across the SAF, southeast of San Gorgonio Pass, we observe vertical to steeply-dipping lateral velocity contrasts that extend beneath the Moho. Beneath the western PRB and westernmost southern SNB, we observe relatively high shear-velocities (≥ 3.8 km/s) in the lower crust that we interpret as the mafic roots of the overlying arc. Relatively high-velocity upper-mantle (up to ∼4.5 km/s) may be part of the intact arc, or possibly a remnant of the Farallon plate. Beneath the ST, we observe zones of low shear-velocity in the lower crust and upper mantle which permit up to ∼4.5% melt in the lower crust and up to ∼6% melt in the upper mantle, depending on the assumed composition and pore geometry. Our results preclude the existence of older continental crust beneath the ST and support the creation of new crust beneath the ST. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Some boundary conditions for a word superiority effect

A word superiority effect was obtained using a fixed stimulus set, positional certainty of the critical letter, mixed trial type, and instructions to fixate the critical letter. Control experiments established that this effect was not due to lateral masking. Further experiments extended the finding of a fixed-set word superiority effect to other stimulus sets, and to lowercase and mixed-case stimuli. The mixed-case word superiority effect is inconsistent with supraletter feature models of word recognition and, instead, lends support to hierarchical codes models. It was demonstrated that an unusually wide spacing of letters can disrupt the formation of word-level codes, and that wide visual angles are not necessarily disruptive as long as normal spacing is maintained.
Denying Prejudice: Internment, Redress, and Denial

In the early 1980s, Fred Korematsu, Minoru Yasui, and Gordon Hirabayashi marched back into the federal courts that convicted them during World War II for defying the internment of persons of Japanese descent. Relying on suppressed exculpatory evidence discovered in the national archives, they filed writs of error coram nobis to overturn their convictions. Remarkably, this litigation was successful and fueled the extraordinary redress movement, which culminated in federal reparations for surviving internees. Yet, a dark side to this victory has never been discussed, until now. In granting the petitions, the Judiciary absolved the one branch of government that has never been held accountable for the internment: itself. Specifically, the lower federal courts adopted an official legal history that insulated the wartime Supreme Court from any fault. According to that account, the Supreme Court was simply duped by conniving officials in the Departments of War and Justice, who suppressed smoking gun evidence. But this tidy story is nonsense. The wartime Court was no innocent. It was a full participant in the internment machinery, and it deployed its enormous intellectual resources to avoid interfering with the internment, while at the same time, never granting it official approval. The Court also made certain that blame would fall not on President Franklin Delano Roosevelt or on Congress, but instead on the little known War Relocation Authority, which was labeled a rogue agency. This is what the Court did in the 1940s, exploiting procedure-like tools often extolled as passive virtues. The Judiciary has never accepted responsibility for its machinations. After the coram nobis cases, official history has been rewritten to make any apology simply unwarranted. In this way, the personal victories of Korematsu, Yasui, and Hirabayashi were ironically exploited to complete the circle of absolution the Supreme Court began in the 1940s. This Article provides a more nuanced and disturbing interpretation of the internment,the Judiciary, and the coram nobis cases. It also sheds critical light on discussions of military exigency, racism, the role of the Judiciary, and the lessons of history in a post-September 11 world.
International Court of Justice: Advisory Opinion on the Western Sahara

On October 16, 1975, the International Court of Justice delivered an Advisory Opinion on the Western Sahara. The Opinion dealt with legal issues which had arisen from the international controversy surrounding the proposed Spanish decolonization of the phosphate-rich territory. Both Morocco and Mauritania sought to incorporate the Western Sahara without a referendum of the territory's population. East state pressed its claim in the United Nations, and on December 13, 1974, the General Assembly requested an advisory opinion from the Court on two questions:I. Was Western Sahara (Rio de Oro and Sakiet El Hamra) at the time of colonization by Spain a territory belonging to no one (terra nullius)? If the answer to the first question is in the negativeII. What were the legal ties between this territory and the Kingdom of Morocco and the Mauritanian entity?In its Opinion, the Court first found that it was competent to comply with the General Assembly's request for an advisory opinion. Furthermore, the Court held that it was proper to so comply despite the fact that one of the parties to the controversy, Spain, had not consented to the court proceedings. The Court then addressed the questions posed by the General Assembly and held that the Western Sahara was not a terra nullius at the time of its colonization by Spain and that, although there were legal ties at the time of colonization between the Western Sahara and both Morocco and Mauritania, these ties were insufficient to justify decolonization of the territory by any means other than a popular referendum. In the Western Sahara case, the Court has not only settled two narrow legal questions, but has established more permissive rules for granting advisory opinions, affirmed the principle of self-determination, and assumed a more active role in the United Nations. This Comment analyzes the legal issues raised by the Western Sahara case and critically examines the broad legal implications of the majority and minority opinions.
Brand spillover effects within a sponsor portfolio: the interaction of image congruence and portfolio size

A sponsor portfolio exists where multiple brands sponsor a single activity or property, such as a sporting event, team, league, or a charity simultaneously. While sponsor portfolios are common in practice, little is known about how the brand perceptions of several concurrent sponsors spill over to influence each individual sponsor’s brand. This paper summarizes two experiments that investigate sponsor portfolios to determine how spillover effects influence consumers’ perceptions of a particular sponsor’s brand within the portfolio. In Study 1, empirical evidence substantiates a brand spillover effect between multiple sponsors of a single sport property. In Study 2, the influences of image congruence and portfolio size on this spillover effect are empirically assessed. Results demonstrate an interaction effect whereby brands incongruent to the sponsored property enjoy a more favorable brand perception when included in either a small portfolio inclusive of another incongruent co-sponsor, or a larger portfolio of otherwise congruent sponsors.
Regulations, Bailouts and Bank Shareholders’ Wealth: An International Analysis

This paper examines the effectiveness of worldwide banking regulations and supervisions in providing a balanced risk-reward trade-off to bank shareholders. Our comprehensive global analysis of 2,467 banks across the world identifies the regulatory frameworks that are associated with favorable risk-return profile trade-off during normal growth as well as financial crisis periods. Ownership structure and restrictions on types of business activities both stand out as the most effective regulatory mechanisms as they increase return and reduce risk. Auditing and disclosures are good regulations and enhance stock valuations in growth periods but ironically these measures bring problems to light more quickly in crisis environment and result in greater stock holder losses. Entry restrictions or blanket depositor insurance mechanisms are the worst forms of regulation from stock investor perspective because they lower return in growth periods and increase risk in the crisis periods. German legal origins and mandatory provisioning regulations signify conservative policies as they lower the return in times of growth but also lower the risk in crisis periods. Finally, we investigate whether recent regulatory interventions could effectively curtail bank shareholder wealth loss. We infer based on our findings that direct capital injection by government, or tax breaks did not boost stock valuations as much as government guarantees, infrastructure spending and initiatives to buy toxic assets did.
Traps for the Asiatic Garden Beetle

Light traps and the geraniol trap are discussed in relation to the Asiatic garden beetle (Autoserica castanea Arrow). The geraniol trap has not proved successful. The history of the light trap is given, from the first one which caught 217 beetles in a season, to another which caught 21,000 beetles in a single favorable night. Such factors as wattage, kind of light, color of trap, shading of objects near trap, and temperature are discussed.
Class and Self-Identity in Clay Walls

1Ronyoung Kim deplores that "A whole generation of Korean immigrants and their American-born children could have lived and died in the United States without [others'] knowing they had been here," and says that "I could not let that happen" (Solberg 23). To that end, in 1987 she wrote Clay Walls in which she portrays an invisible minority group of Koreans who arrived in America from the early 1920s through the late 1940s. The plot follows the protagonist, Haesu, who descends from the Korean elite class called Yangban, as she has to make crossings, against her will, across two boundaries. First, she is forced out of the confines of her Yangban class through her family's arranged marriage for her to Chun, a man from the Sangnom class-a class which usually works for the Yangban. Second, she has to cross geographical boundaries by leaving her own country, which was then under the increasingly oppressive Japanese occupation, and making an unwanted and unexpected exile in America. She and her husband have to leave Korea, because her husband is wanted by the Japanese police as a political agitator under ludicrous circumstances of mistaken identity. The novel closely follows Haesu who is forced to undergo many drastic changes: intellectual, psychological, linguistic and cultural. As she makes those crossings, she also moves from a sheltered life as a daughter of an aristocratic family to a wife of a lower class man whom she refuses to love, and eventually to an invisible woman sojourning in a foreign country where Koreans are considered less than human. In this essay, I analyze a series of cultural encounters Haesu is subjected to both in Japanese-occupied Korea and in America, and see how the process of finding her own voice and identity as a Yangban evolves under those oppressive circumstances. I also discuss her attitudes toward gender, marriage, work, motherhood, and Japanese and American culture, and the impact of each of these roles and influences on her self-identity as a Yangban.
Sevin Residues in Poultry Products

Laying hens were placed on a diet containing 200 p.p.m. Sevin® (l-naphthyl N -methylcarbamate) for 1 week and then returned to uncontaminated feed. Tissues and eggs were analyzed at 3, 7, 8, 10, and 14 days by colorimetric procedures having a sensitivity of 0.1 p.p.m. No residues of Sevin were detectable in the breast, drumstick, gizzard, liver, skin, or eggs from hens sacrificed during the 14-day test period. Egg production remained normal, and the hens suffered no apparent ill effects from treatment.
A STUDY OF SIMULATION-BASED CONTRACT INCENTIVES AND DISINCENTIVES USAGE

A simulation-based method of using Incentives and Disincentives (I/D) contracting in highway construction projects is presented. Providing gu idance in a proper use of I/D contract methods, the present model improves the efficiency of I/D contracting in highway construction projects. Data analysis is performed for the application of I/D contracting to construction contracts. Using statistical an alysis, influencing factors in I/D contracting are identified. Monte Carlo simulation s are then performed in case studies for the purpose of model validation. The present model can serve as a tool for owners and managers to make a decision in use of I/D contract in highway construction projects.
Electrocardiography and Vectorcardiography

Technologic advances have greatly enhanced the use of electrocardiography and vectorcardiography, although problems of instrumentation and interpretation still exist. Increased amplification of electric signals and computer manipulation of vast quantities of data are expected to provide dramatic new insight into the electric activity of the heart.
Checking method of relative normal curvature interference during entire meshing process of face-gear drive

Proper meshing of two tooth surfaces with each other could be realized only when there was no curvature interference at their contacting points.Therefore,an inspection method was proposed for checking relative normal curvature interference of extrema curve during entire engagement process of face gear drive.A physical model was set up for checking the curvature interference of two substantial curved surfaces.Based on Euler and Bertrand equations,a mathematical analytical expression of relative normal curvature was derived for face gear drive and the extremum of the relative normal curvature was found and the extremum range of relative normal curvature was analyzed when there was no curvature interference of two curved surfaces with each other at their contacting points.The tooth surface equation of the face gear pair was set up and,according to the meshing theory,the principal curvatures and principal direction of the tooth surfaces of the generated gear were derived from those of the shaper.The meshing traces on tooth surface of face gear and extrema value of relative normal curvature at all meshing location were obtained by means of computer simulation and the situation of curvature interference at meshing point of the face gear drive was analyzed,also.
Investigation of naturally aged timing relays' service life by employing thermally accelerated aging

This paper presents a study on naturally aged timing relays. This study employs thermally accelerated aging method. This method includes various inspection, surveillance and monitoring (ISM) tests to identify and characterize the process of material and component degradation during the service which leads to the estimation of service life for the target relays. After applying the aforementioned tests, several observations are made and the results are provided. Also, some recommendations are made at the end to improve the thermally accelerated aging analysis in the future.
A Real-Time Low-Complexity Fall Detection System on the Smartphone

The importance of detecting falls in real-time is more and more emphasized recently. In this paper, we develop a real-time fall detection system on the smartphone. It is based on our low-complexity fall detection algorithm [1] that can detect the fall after the fall event happens. The system can distinguish dangerous falls by setting a monitoring time. The system is implemented on the Android platform and targeted on low energy consumption and fast processing, which can be seamlessly applied into wearable products.
TCT-212 Application of the DAPT score to a contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention cohort

Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation remains uncertain. Current guidelines suggest that patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) receiving DES can be managed with shorter durations of DAPT. Individualising DAPT duration using the DAPT
2D simulation of magnetic field generation by pulsating AC voltage in cold plasma chamber

The importance of numerical modelling and simulation by means of finite element analysis (FEA) has witnessed an increase as computational capability and software development have been substantially improved. These techniques can provide unique insight and aid detailed analysis of phenomena such as plasma arcs. In this digest, a two dimensional cold plasma chamber model has been simulated in a Multiphysics FEA model considering thermal, electrical and magnetics properties on the generation of magnetic field around the arc discharge region.
Hepatosplenic T Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Hemophagocytic Lymphomhistiocytosis: A Case Report

Abstract Abstract 4864 Background. Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is rare and aggressive extranodal lymphoma characteristically involves young males in third or fourth decade of life. It frequently manifests as pancytopenia with severe thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and much rarely, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Methods. Medical records of a patient who presented with HLH as a presenting signs of HSTCL were reviewed. Literature search was performed to identify characteristic demographics and natural course of HSTCL reported to date. Results. A 30-year-old male presented after 6 months of constitutional symptoms. Remarkable findings were pancytopenia, mildly elevated LFT, and high ferritin level (89,000). Extensive work up for autoimmune and infectious etiology was negative. Worsening anemia and thrombocytopenia prompted the third bone marrow biopsy, which revealed the first evidence of hemophagocytosis. Despite of Cyclosporine A and Etoposide, pancytopenia worsened which prompted splenectomy and core needle liver biopsy. Sinusoids of spleen and liver were densely infiltrated with atypical lymphocytes consistent with T cell phenotype. Diagnosis of HSTCL was confirmed after PCR detection of gamma delta T cell receptor rearrangement. Previous bone marrow biopsies were retrospectively reviewed, which revealed small clusters of cells staining positive for CD3. The patient underwent three courses of chemotherapy that included high-dose Cytarabine, Etoposide and adriamycin. Post-chemotherapy course was complicated with disseminated Candidiasis complicated with mycortic aneurysm and worsening pancytopenia. The patient expired due to overwhelming septic shock 6 months after the pathologic diagnoses of HSTCL. Conclusion. HSTCL causes aberrant expansion of gamma delta T cells and defective innate immunity, and is an important secondary etiology for HLH. Splenectomy has diagnostic significance but little therapeutic benefit. Longer survival was reported in patients who underwent cytarabine-based chemotherapy; however median survivals in anecdotal case series all fall within 2 years regardless of regimen. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effects of aging and exercise training on the dynamics of vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle resistance vessels.

It is unknown whether aging or exercise training affect the dynamics of arteriolar vasoconstriction. We hypothesized that old age will slow, and exercise training will speed, the dynamics of skeletal muscle arteriolar vasoconstriction in resistance vessels of aged rats. Young (6 month old) and aged (24 month old) male Fischer-344 rats were assigned to sedentary (Sed: n = 6/age group) or exercise-trained (ET: n = 5 aged and 6 young; via treadmill running for 10–12 weeks) groups. After completion of training, arterioles from the red portion of the gastrocnemius muscle were removed, cannulated, and exposed to 10−4 M norepinephrine (NE) or 20 mM caffeine. Changes in luminal diameter were recorded for analysis of constrictor dynamics. Old age blunted all kinetic parameters (i.e., time delay, time constant) resulting in vasoconstriction taking ~3 times as long to reach a steady state (SS) versus younger counterparts for NE (aged-sed: 15.6 ± 6.0 versus young-sed: 4.6 ± 0.5 s; P < 0.05) with a similar time course to caffeine. Exercise training resulted in a similar time to SS between age groups for NE (aged-ET: 6.8 ± 1.6 versus young-ET: 7.0 ± 0.6 s) and caffeine (aged-ET: 7.8 ± 0.6 versus young-ET: 8.6 ± 1.0 s). The results of this study demonstrate that aging blunts the rate of vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle resistance vessels to the sympathetic neurotransmitter NE due, in part, to an attenuated rate of contraction from intracellular calcium release. Further, exercise training speeds the dynamics of constriction to both NE and caffeine with old age.
Ótica sociológica do uso de tóxicos

Conjeturas sobre las tendencias que tomaran las relaciones civiles-militares en Chile y su impacto sobre el regimen democratico no pueden basarse solo en conclusiones que se extraigan del estudio de la muchas veces turbulenta decada de 1990. Un analisis solido debe partir de una mirada historica mas profunda. El periodo posautoritario de la decada de 1990 puede compararse con periodos germinales previos, tales como el periodo que siguio a la profesionalizacion militar de fines del Siglo XIX y las decadas que siguieron al retorno a la democracia en 1932. Esos dos periodos estuvieron caracterizados por tendencias que llevaron a una temprana bifurcacion entre las elites civiles y militares. La brecha que se abrio entre ellas fue perversamente cerrada a traves de golpes militares. El periodo posautoritario reciente se compara positivamente con aquellos, lo que hace posible alentar un optimismo condicional. El articulo compara esos periodos y explica las razones de ese optimismo asi como de su condicionalidad.
On the Accuracy of Polynomial Models in Stochastic Computational Electromagnetics Simulations Involving Dielectric Uncertainties

Uncertainties inherent in the measured electromagnetic properties of most materials give rise to statistical uncertainty in field values obtained in computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulations. A number of recently proposed techniques for quantifying uncertainty in CEM simulations use polynomial expansions to approximate these stochastic field variations. We investigate the accuracy of polynomial approximations using three canonical scattering scenarios with dielectric uncertainties. Analytical expressions for field values are used to assess the accuracy of the standard deviation of the field quantities derived from the polynomial approximations. The accuracy of the polynomial approximations is shown to be strongly dependent on the mean dielectric properties of the scatterers. Extremely high-order expansions are necessary to achieve accurate approximations in some instances. The computational cost of high-order polynomial approximations limits the utility of polynomial basis function expansions in uncertainty quantification techniques for CEM.
The Rotten Apple: Tax Avoidance in Ireland

ABSTRACTThe European Commission found that Ireland gave Apple preferential tax treatment which amounted to $14.5 billion in unpaid taxes between 2003 and 2014. Due to Apple’s tax havens in Ireland, they have taken advantage of U.S. and Irish tax regulations. However, the issue in controversy is whether there was, in fact, a special deal between Apple and Ireland, and whether the European Commission has the authority to make such claims. To answer this question, we explore the legal and ethical issues of using tax havens and how Apple’s stakeholders are affected by Apple’s complex organizational structure.
Genome re-sequencing to identify single nucleotide polymorphism markers for muscle color traits in broiler chickens.

Objective Meat quality including muscle color in chickens is an important trait and continuous selective pressures for fast growth and high yield have negatively impacted this trait. This study was conducted to investigate genetic variations responsible for regulating muscle color. Methods Whole genome re-sequencing analysis using Illumina HiSeq paired end read method was performed with pooled DNA samples isolated from two broiler chicken lines divergently selected for muscle color (high muscle color [HMC] and low muscle color [LMC]) along with their random bred control line (RAN). Sequencing read data was aligned to the chicken reference genome sequence for Red Jungle Fowl (Galgal4) using reference based genome alignment with NGen program of the Lasergene software package. The potential causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing non-synonymous changes in coding DNA sequence regions were chosen in each line. Bioinformatic analyses to interpret functions of genes retaining SNPs were performed using the ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA). Results Millions of SNPs were identified and totally 2,884 SNPs (1,307 for HMC and 1,577 for LMC) showing >75% SNP rates could induce non-synonymous mutations in amino acid sequences. Of those, SNPs showing over 10 read depths yielded 15 more reliable SNPs including 1 for HMC and 14 for LMC. The IPA analyses suggested that meat color in chickens appeared to be associated with chromosomal DNA stability, the functions of ubiquitylation (UBC) and quality and quantity of various subtypes of collagens. Conclusion In this study, various potential genetic markers showing amino acid changes were identified in differential meat color lines, that can be used for further animal selection strategy.
Qualitative and Participatory Action Research

Research has certainly played a significant role in community-based projects. In community and public health promotion, scientific studies are often regarded as a central source of information for policymakers (McGann and Weaver 2000). The results of many research projects are viewed as supplying basic information that helps scientists, community members, and public and private health agencies in their decision-making. In this sense, social research has been depicted in an instrumental fashion—that is, it represents a tool used to assist those most closely involved in community health projects. Even activists, who oppose the top-down nature of traditional healthcare delivery, give primary importance to the technical side of research (Friedman 1994). Statistics and data collection techniques are central ways that local realties are captured and communicated to the larger public.
Leadless Chip Carriers

Leadless attachment of modules (chip carriers and various components) to printed circuit cards can be achieved with a surface solder joint. This is the simplest of the three customary methods of attachment: leadless, pin-in-hole, and leaded. While leadless peripheral mounts are efficient in “real estate” and fabrication, they have little flexibility; those thermal and mechanical stress problems we shall survey throughout this book are magnified here.
Junin virus activity in rodents from endemic and nonendemic loci in central Argentina.

Abstract Small mammals were trapped during a 21-month period at 27 farm sites in 15 localities within and beyond the known endemic area for Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF). Prevalence of Junin virus (JV) was assessed by antigen-capture enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) on samples of body fluids and/or organs from 3, 282 captured rodents. Infection in rodent populations was variable (0–3.7%) among localities but, in all cases, was lower than previously reported rates. Overall prevalence was 1.4% in the AHF epidemic area, 0.6% in the historic (currently low incidence of AHF) area, and 0.4% in two localities beyond the previously defined endemic area. These low values underestimate the actual prevalence of JV, as ELISA validation by virus isolation indicated a sensitivity of 30% and a specificity of 99%. Of 37 positive rodents, 28 (76%) were of two species: Calomys musculinus (23 animals) and C. laucha (5 animals). Antigen also was found in three Akodon azarae, four Bolomys obscurus, one Mus musculus, and one Oxymycterus rufus, and JV was isolated from two Oligoryzomys flavescens. Three of these rodent species (B. obscurus, O. flavescens, and O. rufus) have heretofore not been implicated in JV maintenance in the field. Evidence suggests that the AHF endemic area may continue to expand northward.
A new analysis interpreting Nilotic relationships and peopling of the Nile Valley

Abstract The process of the peopling of the Nile Valley likely shaped the population structure and early biological similarity of Egyptians and Nubians. As others have noted, affinity among Nilotic populations was due to an aggregation of events, including environmental, linguistic, and sociopolitical changes over a great deal of time. This study seeks to evaluate the relationships of Nubian and Egyptian groups in the context of the original peopling event. Cranial nonmetric traits from 18 Nubian and Egyptian samples, spanning Lower Egypt to Lower Nubia and approximately 7400 years, were analyzed using Mahalanobis D2 as a measure of biological distance. A principal coordinates analysis and spatial-temporal model were applied to these data. The results reveal temporal and spatial patterning consistent with documented events in Egyptian and Nubian population history. Moreover, the Mesolithic Nubian sample clustered with later Nubian and Egyptian samples, indicating that events prior to the Mesolithic were important in shaping the later genetic patterning of the Nubian population. Later contact through the establishment of the Egyptian fort at Buhen, Kerma’s position as a strategic trade center along the Nile, and Egyptian colonization at Tombos maintained genetic similarity among the populations.
Wideband superconducting parametric amplifiers based on kinetic inductance (Conference Presentation)

Traveling-wave parametric amplifiers based on superconducting NbTiN films are being developed that provide gain over nearly an octave of bandwidth at microwave frequencies. The amplifiers are non-linear transmission lines, where the nonlinearity comes from the current dependence of the kinetic inductance. Amplification results from three and four-wave mixing processes, and phase matching over a wide frequency range is achieved by engineering the dispersion characteristics of the transmission line. Recent noise measurements over a wide frequency band demonstrate that the added noise of these amplifiers is close to one half photon, consistent with the quantum limit for a phase preserving amplifier. We will discuss applications of this class of amplifier to astronomical instruments.
Utero-ovarian preservation and overall survival of young women with early-stage borderline ovarian tumors

To examine survival of women who had uterine and ovarian preservation during surgical treatment for early-stage borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program was used to identify women aged < 50 years with stage I BOTs who underwent ovarian conservation at surgical treatment between 1988 and 2003. Survival outcomes were examined based on the use of concurrent hysterectomy at surgery. Among 6379 cases of BOT, there were 1065 women who had utero-ovarian preservation at surgery, and there were 52 women who had hysterectomy with ovarian preservation alone. Women who had uterine preservation were more likely to be single and diagnosed in recent years (both, P < 0.05). On univariable analysis, women who had utero-ovarian preservation had cause-specific survival similar to those who had ovarian preservation alone without uterine preservation (10-year rates: 99.2% versus 98.1%, P = 0.42); however, overall survival was higher in the utero-ovarian preservation group compared to the hysterectomy group (95.8% versus 87.6%, P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, utero-ovarian preservation remained an independent prognostic factor for improved overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.79, P = 0.012). Cardiovascular disease mortality was lower in the utero-ovarian preservation group compared to the hysterectomy group, but it did not reach statistical significance (20-year cumulative rate, 0.8% versus 3.0%, P = 0.29). Our study suggests that utero-ovarian preservation for young women with early-stage BOTs may be associated with improved overall survival compared to ovarian preservation alone without affecting BOT-related survival outcome.
Selenoproteome Identification in Inflamed Murine Primary Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages by Nano-LC Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid Mass Spectrometry

Selenium (Se) functions as a cellular redox gatekeeper through its incorporation into proteins as the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Supplementation of macrophages with exogenous Se (as sodium selenite) downregulates inflammation and intracellular oxidative stress by effectively restoring redox homeostasis upon challenge with bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we examined the use of a standard Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)–labeling mass spectrometry-based proteomic workflow to quantitate and examine temporal regulation of selenoproteins in such inflamed cells. Se-deficient murine primary bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) exposed to LPS in the presence or absence of selenite treatment for various time periods (0–20 h) were used to analyze the selenoproteome expression using isobaric labeling and shotgun proteomic workflow. To overcome the challenge of identification of Sec peptides, we used the identification of non-Sec containing peptides downstream of Sec as a reliable evidence of ribosome readthrough indicating efficient decoding of Sec codon. Results indicated a temporal regulation of the selenoproteome with a general increase in their expression in inflamed cells in a Se-dependent manner. Selenow, Gpx1, Msrb1, and Selenom were highly upregulated upon stimulation with LPS when compared to other selenoproteins. Interestingly, Selenow appeared to be one amongst the highly regulated selenoproteins in macrophages that was previously thought to be mainly restricted to myocytes. Collectively, TMT-labeling method of non-Sec peptides offers a reliable method to quantitate and study temporal regulation of selenoproteins; however, further optimization to include Sec-peptides could make this strategy more robust and sensitive compared to other semi-quantitative or qualitative methods.