cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A density-weighted reacting model for multiphase turbulent diffusion flames

Abstract A reacting multi-fluid model, based on the Favre-averaged separate transport equations for reacting gas-liquid ‘multi-phase’ flow, is presented. New density-weighted (Favre-averaged) separate transport equations for multi-phase mixture fraction f≈ and its variance g are derived. The new multi-fluid transport equations for f≈ and g are equally applicable to spray flames as well as liquid metal fuel combustors. The fuel spray is discretized into a number of size groups; each group is considered as a separate ‘fluid’ or ‘phase’. A pdf approach, to the reaction process, is adopted. An evaporation variable e is introduced, which is a measure of a nonequilibrium phase state, defining a two-variable pdf as a function of f and e . The instantaneous thermo-chemical properties are computed from a nonequilibrium model. The predicted results, using the present density-weighted multi-fluid model, for an airblast kerosene spray flame are compared with corresponding experimental data. The present multi-fluid model results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data for the whole spray flame length.
Mean-variance efficiency when investors are not required to invest all their money

Abstract A segment consisting of the lowest-return portfolios on the rising branch of the mean-variance boundary should not be considered efficient, since the wealth constraint is binding from below rather than from above. A definition of mean-variance dominance is proposed which excludes these portfolios, and a comparison is made with other approaches that also exclude the lowest-return portfolios.
Transformation of operators and scale

Explicit expressions are given for the transformation of an operator from one representation to another. Both continuous and discrete representations are considered. Examples are given for the time-frequency and scale operators in various representations including the Hermite, Fourier, discrete Fourier, scale, time, and sample theorem representations. Also, we generalize the characteristics operator method where we use an arbitrary complete set rather than complex exponentials.
Multiple distinct subtypes of GABAergic neurons in mouse visual cortex identified by triple immunostaining.

The majority of cortical interneurons use GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) as inhibitory neurotransmitter. GABAergic neurons are morphologically, connectionally, electrically and chemically heterogeneous. In rat cerebral cortex three distinct groups of GABAergic interneurons have been identifi ed by the expression of parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) and somatostatin (SOM). Recent studies in mouse cerebral cortex have revealed a different organization in which the CR and SOM populations are partially overlapping. Because CR and SOM neurons derive from different progenitors located in different embryonic structures, the coexpression of CR + SOM suggests that the chemical differentiation of interneurons is regulated postmitotically. Here, we have taken an important fi rst step towards understanding this process by triple immunostaining mouse visual cortex with a panel of antibodies, which has been used extensively for classifying developing interneurons. We have found at least 13 distinct groups of GABAergic neurons which include PV, CR, SOM, CCK (cholecystokinin), CR + SOM, CR + NPY (neuropeptide Y), CR + VIP (vasointestinal polypeptide), SOM + NPY, SOM + VIP, VIP + ChAT (choline acetyltransferase), CCK + NPY, CR + SOM + NPY and CR + SOM + VIP expressing cells. Triple immunostaining with PV, CR and SOM antibodies during postnatal development further showed that PV is never colocalized with CR and SOM. Importantly, expression of SOM and CR + SOM developed after the percentage of CR cells that do not express SOM has reached the mature level, suggesting that the chemical differentiation of SOM and CR + SOM neurons is a postnatal event, which may be controlled by transcriptional regulation.
In silco mapping of ESTs from the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

Sequence similarity was used to predict the position of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) in the genome of the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). Turkey EST sequences were compared with the draft assembly of the chicken whole-genome sequence and the chicken EST database by BLASTN. Among the 877 ESTs examined, 788 had significant matches in the chicken genome sequence. Position of orthologous sequences in the chicken genome and the predicted position of the EST loci in the turkey genome are presented. Genetic assignments suggest a high level of accuracy for the COMPASS predictions.
The virally encoded killer proteins from Ustilago maydis.

Abstract Several strains of Ustilago maydis, a causal agent of corn smut disease, exhibit a ‘killer’ phenotype that is due to persistent infection by double-stranded RNA Totiviruses. These viruses produce potent killer proteins that are secreted by the host. This is a rare example of virus/host symbiosis in that these viruses are dependent upon host survival and, to that end, produce antifungal proteins that kill competing, uninfected strains of U. maydis. Two of the best-studied examples of this killer phenomenon are U. maydis strains P4 and P6 that secrete killer proteins KP4 and KP6, respectively. The mature form of KP4 is comprised of 105 residues while KP6 consists of two subunits, a and b chains, 76 and 82 residues in length, respectively. KP6 is not homologous to any known protein, and only recently has KP4 been shown to have possible homologs in pathogenic fungi. While very little is known as to the mode of action of KP6, we have shown that KP4 blocks L-type Ca2+ channels in fungi and animal cells in a reversible and cytostatic manner. In contrast, preliminary results suggest that KP6 acts via a completely different mechanism and is a potent cytolytic antifungal protein. When KP4 is expressed in maize, the resulting transgenic lines are nearly immune to U. maydis infection. Therefore, a greater understanding of the modes of action of these potent antifungal proteins could lead to development of broad-spectrum antifungal agents.
Posteroanterior spinal stiffness at T5, T10, and L3 levels in normal subjects.

Objective To measure, by using standardized device and protocol, posteroanterior (PA) spinal stiffness at the 5th and 10th thoracic (T5 and T10) and 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebral levels in asymptomatic adult volunteers. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Osteopathic Heritage Foundation Physical Medicine Core Research Laboratory where the Therapeutic Spinal Mobilizer was fabricated to standardize the testing protocol. Participants Sixteen asymptomatic adult volunteers. Methods Volunteers were in the prone position on the treatment plinth and the loading block of the loading piston was placed at T5, T10, and L3. The subjects were instructed to remain still, to not contract any muscle, and to stop breathing mid cycle for 15 seconds when the data acquisition was initiated for a 10-second test cycle. The force was measured by using the load cell, and the spinal deformation was measured by the linear variable differential transducer. The data were extracted and subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance to determine the effect of independent variables on spinal stiffness. Results The PA spinal stiffness at 3 spinal levels was significantly different ( P P P Conclusions Results of this experiment suggest that the standardized and repeatable methodology will result in reliable stiffness values. Because the spinal stiffness is an indicator of patient's symptoms and it is an important variable in selection of treatment regimen, it is important to be able to measure this variable with a standardized protocol. Values from asymptomatic subjects can be used to study and to compare the symptomatic patients.
Histamine and histaminase release by guinea pigs at various intervals during anaphylactic shock

Abstract This study determined quantitatively the sequential values for histamine and histaminase released into the blood of guinea pigs during anaphylactic shock. Mongrel male guinea pigs sensitized with crystalline egg albumin released histamine and histaminase into the blood within 15 to 30 seconds after the intravenous injection of the challenge dose of antigen. Values for histamine and histaminase in the blood increased rapidly within the first minute after the injection, with little increase from this time until the death of the animal in 5 to 6 minutes. Histaminase released by guinea pigs during anaphylactic shock is active at room temperature as well as at 37 °C. Data suggest that the histamine destruction is a first-order reaction. Histaminase is active in plasma as well as in whole blood. A small amount of histamine, presumably cell bound, is not destroyed by histaminase in whole blood. The concentration of histamine in plasma during anaphylactic shock is greater than that in whole blood. However, the values seem to parallel each other.
Biology of the pulp and its defense.

To evaluate the response of dental pulp to inflammation (I) and secondary dentin formation (D), an ID index was proposed and utilized in experimental studies involving 166 human noncarious teeth. Cavity preparation and filling materials were used as the exciting factors. Subjects studied included range of pulpal response, sequence of events in pulpal response, pulpal response to the cutting of dentin, influence of cavity depth on pulpal response, and influence of age of the patient on pulpal response. The biology of the pulp is discussed in terms of its histophysiology and its experimental response.
Manganese scavenges superoxide and hydroxyl radicals: an in vitro study in rats.

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the role of manganese (Mn) as an antioxidant element. In vitro experiments have been conducted to evaluate the ability of Mn in scavenging oxygen free radicals. Superoxide (O ·− ) and hydroxyl (OH ·− ) radicals were generated in vitro by using xanthine and xanthine oxidase system and fenton reactions respectively. Different concentrations of Mn (II) and Mn (III) were used in the reaction mixture to evaluate free radical scavenging ability of Mn. The results indicated that Mn scavenged superoxide radicals at nanomolar concentrations whereas hydroxyl radicals were scavenged at micromolar concentrations. In addition, Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in different regions of brain in adult male rats treated with MnCl 2 . The results showed that Mn-SOD activity increased in Mn treated animals. Therefore, the data support the hypothesis that Mn is one of the essential elements which can protect against oxidative damage, however, at higher concentrations Mn can be neurotoxic by generating the free radicals.
An Optimal Online Algorithm For Retrieving Heavily Perturbed Statistical Databases In The Low-Dimensional Querying Model

We give the first O(1 over √ T)-error online algorithm for reconstructing noisy statistical databases, where T is the number of (online) sample queries received. The algorithm is optimal up to the poly(log(T)) factor in terms of the error and requires only O(log T) memory. It aims to learn a hidden database-vector w* E in ℜ D in order to accurately answer a stream of queries regarding the hidden database, which arrive in an online fashion from some unknown distribution D. We assume the distribution D is defined on the neighborhood of a low-dimensional manifold. The presented algorithm runs in O(dD)-time per query, where d is the dimensionality of the query-space. Contrary to the classical setting, there is no separate training set that is used by the algorithm to learn the database --- the stream on which the algorithm will be evaluated must also be used to learn the database-vector. The algorithm only has access to a binary oracle Ο that answers whether a particular linear function of the database-vector plus random noise is larger than a threshold, which is specified by the algorithm. We note that we allow for a significant O(D) amount of noise to be added while other works focused on the low noise o(√D)-setting. For a stream of T queries our algorithm achieves an average error O(1 over √T) by filtering out random noise, adapting threshold values given to the oracle based on its previous answers and, as a consequence, recovering with high precision a projection of a database-vector w* onto the manifold defining the query-space. Our algorithm may be also applied in the adversarial machine learning context to compromise machine learning engines by heavily exploiting the vulnerabilities of the systems that output only binary signal and in the presence of significant noise.
Changes in landscape structure decrease mortality during migration

I examined the dispersal of the red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus, among patches of its host plant, common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca. Over a 5-year period, the number of patches in a landscape and their mean size increased, while the distance between patches decreased. Over the same period the proportion of beetles dispersing between patches increased from 0.48 to 0.62. Estimates from the virtual migration model showed that mean migration distance decreased from 158 to 72 m for male beetles and from 129 to 72 m for female beetles. Estimated mortality per migration event decreased as the landscape changed, but was low in all years. The estimated mean migration mortality per patch decreased from 1.45 × 10−2 to 3.70 × 10−7 for male beetles. Female migration mortality decreased from 5.48 × 10−3 to 3.88 × 10−6. Increasing the size and number of patches and decreasing interpatch distance decreases migration mortality and may play an important role in the conservation of species, particularly where mortality during dispersal is high.
Evolving Active Region Loops Observed with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer. I. Observations

Observations made with TRACE have detected a class of persistent active region loops that have flat 195/171 A filter ratios. The intensity of these loops implies a density that is as much as 3 orders of magnitude larger than the densities of static solutions to the hydrodynamic equations. It has recently been suggested that these loops are bundles of impulsively heated strands that are cooling through the TRACE passbands. This scenario implies that the loops would appear in the hotter (Fe XV 284 A or Fe XII 195 A) TRACE filter images before appearing in the cooler (Fe IX/X 171 A) TRACE filter images. In this paper, we test this hypothesis by examining the temporal evolution of five active region loops in multiple TRACE EUV filter images. We find that all the loops appear in the hotter filter images before appearing in cooler filter images. We then use the measured delay to estimate a cooling time and find that four of the five loops have lifetimes greater than the expected lifetime of a cooling loop. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that each apparent loop is a bundle of sequentially heated strands; other explanations will also be discussed. To facilitate comparisons between these loops and hydrodynamic simulations, we use a new technique to estimate the loop length and geometry.
On the sensitivity of total electron content (TEC) to upper atmospheric/ionospheric parameters

Abstract The total electron content (TEC) is a key ionospheric parameter for various space weather applications. Over the last decade an extensive database of TEC measurements has become available from both space- and ground-based observations, and these measurements have established the general morphology of the global TEC distributions. In particular, the TOPEX TEC measurements have shown strong longitudinal variations of TEC in addition to the observed day-to-day variabilities. To better understand the observed TEC variations and to better guide its modeling, we have studied the sensitivity of quiet-time TEC to the following key atmospheric and ionospheric parameters: neutral density, neutral wind, plasma temperatures, plasmaspheric flux, and the O + –O collision frequency. These parameters are often only roughly known and can cause large uncertainties in model results. For this study, we have developed a numerical mid-latitude ionospheric model, which solves the momentum and continuity equations for the O + density and a simplified set of equations for the H + density. To obtain TEC, the calculated ion densities have been integrated from the bottom altitude (100 km) to the altitude of the TOPEX satellite (1336 km). Our study shows that during the day the neutral wind and the neutral composition have the most important effect on TEC. In particular, the zonal component of the neutral wind can have a large effect on TEC in the southern hemisphere where the magnetic declination angle is large. During the night, most of the above-mentioned parameters can play a significant role in the TEC morphology, except for the plasma temperature, which has only a small effect on TEC. Finally, the TEC varies roughly linearly with respect to all of the parameters except for the neutral wind.
Land use data collection systems: Some problems of unification

With all this, what can be said about the future of land use information collection, storage, and retrieval by governmental agencies? One thing is clear: there is not now enough information to justify an immediate attempt to establish a central land use data collection system almost anywhere. On the other hand, there do appear to be advantages to be gained from the crossutilization of information among agencies. If enough agencies can be persuaded or motivated to take part, the result may be a net social saving in the cost of information or the provision of more and better information for the same cost. In the pattern of increasing demands by agencies for data that we may expect during the coming years, either of these would be desirable.
Efficient oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-diformylfuran using Mn(III)–salen catalysts

Abstract 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is efficiently oxidized to 2,5-diformylfuran in 63–89% yield using Mn(III)–salen catalysts and sodium hypochlorite, in a pH 11.3 phosphate buffer–CH 2 Cl 2 biphase system at room temperature.
Frequency reconfigurable microstrip loop MIMO antenna and wideband microstrip slot antenna both for portable wireless DTV media player

A planar internal antenna for DTV has been proposed along with a frequency reconfigurable MIMO antenna covering LTE 1800MHz and LTE 2600 MHz bands which can be used for portable wireless DTV media player application. Antenna exhibits near omni directional radiation patterns with acceptable performance. Further, the MIMO configuration meets the ECC <; 0.5.
The application of a reconnaissance strategy for identifying long-term problems for a Tanzanian farming systems project

Africa’s population is growing faster than its locally produced food supply. While some regions of the world wallow in production surpluses, neither the Green Revolution nor other production boosting strategies have sunk deep roots in Africa. As a result, there is an increasing food production shortfall and an ever larger dependence on outside food aid. In response, international development agencies are developing new strategies for tackling the seemingly intractable problems of African agriculture. One of these strategies is called the farming systems research and extension approach. This approach starts with the understanding that “African agriculture has probably been less affected by technology change in the past twenty years than agriculture on any other continent” (A.I.D., 1985). It continues by developing technical interventions which are advantageous within particular “recommendation domains” defined by both social and environmental conditions.
Large Fetal Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula: Impact on Pulmonary Development

A case report of a patient with a large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and valvar pulmonary stenosis is presented. The fistula was diagnosed prenatally and its effect on in utero cardiovascular growth and development documented. Due to concerns about massive intrapulmonary shunting potentially causing profound cyanosis after delivery, an EXIT (EX-utero Intrapartum Treatment) procedure was used to transfer the infant from placental to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Severe pulmonary microvascular disease resulted in prohibitive pulmonary hypertension despite surgical ligation of the fistula. Prenatal and postnatal hemodynamic assessments of the fistula are presented and are compared to the pathologic findings.
Needle exchange program participation by anabolic steroid injectors, United States 1998

A significant number of people are currently misusing and abusing anabolic steroids. Hepatitis B, C, and HIV have all been documented to occur among anabolic steroid injectors (ASIs), most likely from the sharing of injection equipment. A survey was administered to 42 needle exchange programs (NEPs) from 17 states in the US to determine ASI participation. Sixty percent of the NEPs surveyed reported having at least some ASIs as participants, however, only 512 ASIs were identified among the 36 000 total monthly participants (1.4%). With the expanding number of NEPs in the US, it is possible to reach a higher proportion of ASIs with clean syringes and education, thus offering the means to prevent the spread of infection in this population.
Three-dimensional simulations of free electron laser physics

Abstract A computer code has been developed to simulate three-dimensional free electron laser physics. A mathematical formulation of the FEL equations is presented, and the numerical solution of the problem is described. Sample results from the computer code are discussed.
I‐Colorings, I‐Phasings, and I‐Intersection assignments for graphs, and their applications

This paper studies set assignments on graphs, functions assigning a set S(x) to each vertex x of a graph, and specifically set assignments where each set is a real interval, perhaps of specified minimum length. Such set assignments arise in applied problems dealing with fleet maintenance, mobile radio frequency assignment, task assignment, traffic phasing, banquet preparation, and computer storage optimization. These problems are briefly discussed. They are translated into problems of finding a set coloring [a set assignment in which an edge between x and y implies that S(x) and S(y) are disjoint], a set phasing [a set coloring of the complementary graph], or a set intersection assignment. The paper presents methods for finding set colorings, phasings, and intersection assignments in which the measure of the union of the intervals S(x) is minimized or in which the sum of the lengths of the S(x) is maximized.
Speculative pre-execution assisted by compiler (SPEAR)

Speculative pre-execution achieves efficient data prefetching by running additional prefetching threads on spare hardware contexts. Various implementations for speculative pre-execution have been proposed, including compiler-based static approaches and hardware-based dynamic approaches. A static approach defines the p-thread at compile time and executes it as a stand-alone running thread. Therefore, it cannot efficiently take dynamic events into account and requires a higher fetch bandwidth. Conversely, a hardware approach is, by essence, able to dynamically make use of run-time information. However, it requires more complex hardware and also lacks global information on data and control flow. This paper proposes Speculative Pre-Execution Assisted by compileR (SPEAR), a pre-execution model which is a hybrid of the two approaches. It relies on a post-compiler to extract the p-thread code from program binaries and uses custom-designed hardware to execute the p-thread.
Performance of an implicit time integration scheme in the analysis of wave propagations

In earlier work an effective implicit time integration scheme was proposed for the finite element solution of nonlinear dynamic problems [1,2]. The method, referred to as the Bathe method, was shown to possess unusual stability and accuracy characteristics for the solution of problems in linear and nonlinear structural dynamics [1-3]. In this paper we study the dispersion properties of the method, in comparison to those of the widely used Newmark trapezoidal rule, and show that the desired characteristics of the Bathe method for structural dynamics are also seen, and are very important, in the solution of wave propagation problems. A dispersion analysis is given and problems are solved to illustrate the capabilities of the scheme for the solution of wave propagation problems.
Operator Allocation in Borealis with Integrated Sensor Network Query Processors

Today, Sensor Network Query Processors (SNQPs) are being integrated with Data Stream Management Systems (DSMSs). Due to the query capabilities of SNQPs, query processing can be extended from the DSMS into the sensor network. The problem then is to decide which operators should be allocated to the SNQP rather than being processed in the DSMS. This paper presents a first solution to this problem. Operators are classified as movable or not movable. Next, a QoS-based rating model, a two-stage neighborhood function browsing through the set of possible operator allocations, and an optimization algorithm using heuristics are introduced. Finally, it is shown how the operator allocation process fits into the Borealis optimization.
Microsome biocolloids for rapid drug metabolism and inhibition assessment by LC-MS.

Rat liver microsomes attached to nanoparticles were used for LC-MS studies of CYP3A and 2E1 enzymes in metabolism of N -nitro so compounds.Using these biocolloids,turnover rates were measured within 2 min. Inhibitor IC 50 values for ketoconazole(KET) and 4-methylpyrazoie (4-MEP) were estimated.
γ-GLUTAMYLHISTAMINE: A MAJOR PRODUCT OF HISTAMINE METABOLISM IN GANGLIA OF THE MARINE MOLLUSK, APLYSIA CALIFORNICA

— The metabolism of histamine in the nervous system of Aplysia, was studied by incubating ganglia for various time periods in a medium containing radiolabelled histamine. After 4 h of incubation, >89% of the 3MH- or 14C-label measured in the ganglion extract was converted to a single radioactive product whose electrophoretic and chromatographic mobilities were identical with γ-glutamylhistamine. No evidence was found to indicate that radiolabelled histamine could be deaminated, N-methylated, N-acetylated, or oxidized in this nervous system. Acid hydrolysis of radioactive material prepared from ganglia incubated in either 14C-histamine alone or in combination with 14C-glutamate resulted in the liberation of labelled histamine and/or labelled glutamate. These results indicate that γ-glutamyl-ation of histamine may be an important physiological mechanism for histamine catabolism in molluscan nervous tissue.
From writing and analysis to the repository: taking the scholars' perspective on scholarly archiving

This paper reports the results of a qualitative field study of the scholarly writing, collaboration, information management, and long-term archiving practices of researchers in five related subdisciplines. The study focuses on the kinds of artifacts the researchers create in the process of writing a paper, how they exchange and store materials over the short term, how they handle references and bibliographic resources, and the strategies they use to guarantee the long term safety of their scholarly materials. The findings reveal: (1) the adoption of a new CIM infrastructure relies crucially on whether it compares favorably to email along six critical dimensions; (2) personal scholarly archives should be maintained as a side-effect of collaboration and the role of ancillary material such as datasets remains to be worked out; and (3) it is vital to consider agency when we talk about depositing new types of scholarly materials into disciplinary repositories.
The Effect of Newer Generation Lithotripsy Upon Renal Function Assessed by Nuclear Scintigraphy

AbstractPurpose: We studied the effect of second generation lithotripsy on renal function.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 42 patients with unilateral renal calculi by nuclear renography, serum creatinine levels, renal ultrasonography and plain radiographs.Results: There was no significant change in glomerular filtration rate at 1 or 3 months. Split function of the treated kidneys was lower at 1 month (mean 47.2 percent, p = 0.01) and 3 months (47.3 percent, p = 0.01) than before treatment (49.1 percent). A greater than 5 percent decrease in split function of the treated kidney occurred at 1 month in 6 patients (16.2 percent) and at 3 months in 3. Of the patients 23 (62.2 percent) were stone-free and 11 had residual fragments less than 4 mm., with a 19 percent retreatment rate for an overall success rate of 91.9 percent.Conclusions: Newer generation lithotriptors may limit renal damage while permitting satisfactory treatment of renal calculi.
Parsing Speech Repair without Specialized Grammar Symbols

This paper describes a parsing model for speech with repairs that makes a clear separation between linguistically meaningful symbols in the grammar and operations specific to speech repair in the operation of the parser. This system builds a model of how unfinished constituents in speech repairs are likely to finish, and finishes them probabilistically with placeholder structure. These modified repair constituents and the restarted replacement constituent are then recognized together in the same way that two coordinated phrases of the same type are recognized.
Copper-filled through wafer vias with very low inductance

The inductance of through-wafer vias in a new via technology in silicon is reported. The technology uses copper filled vias with 70 /spl mu/m diameters. Measurements by network analyzer up to 40 GHz show that the vias have an inductance of approximately 0.15 pH//spl mu/m, the smallest reported value for vias in silicon.
A Note on the Censoring Problem in Empirical Case-Outcome Studies

In outcome studies of cases filed within a study window, the sample may be skewed if many cases are still pending when the window closes and not included in the study. We refer to cases that are completed within the window as “observed” and those still pending as “censored.” We propose two methods for reducing possible bias: a “self-consistent” estimator that imputes values to the censored cases and an “inverse probability weighting” estimator that assigns weights to the observed cases. In the body of the article we describe these methods for the nonmathematical reader and in the Appendix give a more mathematical treatment. We then apply the self-consistent estimator first to simulated data and then to the landmark study of reversals in death penalty cases by Professor James S. Liebman and his colleagues. In these examples the two methods are equivalent. Liebman et al. simply excluded censored cases and reported a reversal rate of 68%. Application of our methods to the Liebman data reduces the reversal rate to 62.2% (95% c.i. 60.1%, 64.4%). In general, our method largely removes the bias that affects sample estimates when censored cases are just ignored.
Antennal Morphology of Two Specialist Predators of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Homoptera: Adelgidae)

We used scanning and transmission electron microscopy in a morphological examina- tion of the antennae of two specialist predators of the exotic hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand, as an initial step toward understanding the potential importance of olfaction in host-Þnding behavior. Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) possesses six types of sensilla on a relatively long antennae comprised of scape, pedicel, and nine annuli. Two types of basiconic sensilla contained numerous wall pores with branching pore kettles and were located on the terminal three annuli. The terminal annulus contained a placoid-like sensillum, and the penultimate and antepen- ultimate annuli contained a coeloconic-type sensillum forming a ring around the distal portion. Two types of sensilla chaetica were located along much of the length of the antennae. Pseudoscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was found to possess Þve types of sensilla on an extremely short antenna, which is characteristic of the tribe Scymnini, consisting of scape, pedicel, and seven annuli. Three of the annuli were void of sensilla. Two types of sensilla chaetica were located on the scape and pedicel, as well as the terminal annuli. Three types of basiconic sensilla, one of which contained numerous wall pores, were identiÞed on the terminal two annuli. No sexual dimorphism was detected on either predator species. Our results suggest that olfaction is a more important sensory modality in L. nigrinus than P. tsugae, and that trap-based sampling methods incorporating olfactory cues are more likely to be successful for L. nigrinus than P. tsugae.
Direct search methods for the molecular conformation problem

An important area of research in computational biochemistry is the design of molecules for specific applications. The design of these molecules, which depends on the accurate determination of their three-dimensional structure, can be formulated as a global optimization problem. In this article, we present results from the application of a new conformation searching method based on direct search methods. We compare these results to some earlier results using genetic algorithms and simulated annealing. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diffusion in a moving medium with time‐dependent boundaries

The problem of diffusion in a moving medium with given motion of the boundaries is considered. The method presented yields the analytical solution to any desired degree of accuracy provided that solutions for certain associated problems of diffusion in a medium at rest with boundaries at rest are known. The method is applied to the analysis of partial and approximate solutions previously presented for the one-dimensional case of a spherical cavity in a liquid with radial boundary motion induced by evaporation.
REVIEW OF THE RELATION OF DENSITY AND REFRACTIVE INDEX TO THE COMPOSITION OF GLASS: II *

The density, refractive index, and specific refractivity and their relationship to the composition of glass are discussed. The subject is treated from the standpoint of additive properties based on composition both as to linear and collective or complex functions. Not only are these applied in the rapid checking of constancy of composition in practice but also from the standpoint of possible changes in properties through partial changes of individual components. There is the further possibility of tying up constitution with composition so that a structural analysis may result. The article serves as a review of existing literature and elaborates the possibility of expansion of published data.
An Unusual Cause of Peroneal Neuropathy

We discuss the case of a teenage girl who presented with neurologic symptoms suggestive of a peripheral neuropathy, before the development of a central arteriovenous fistula. Electromyography and nerve conduction studies indicated peroneal motor neuropathy, but her comprehensive genetic study results were negative for common Charcot-Marie-Tooth mutations. After 2 years of stable symptoms, she presented with unilateral throbbing headache and tinnitus. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a carotid cavernous fistula, which was confirmed with conventional angiography. A successful coil embolization of the fistula was performed. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated a de novo heterozygous c.3158G>A (p.G1056D) mutation in the COL31A gene, consistent with Ehlers-Danlos type IV. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of isolated peroneal motor neuropathy in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos type IV. This case highlights the utility of whole exome sequencing in the diagnosis of patients with neurologic symptoms that do not fit a clear phenotype.
Project Rondon, a Brazilian Experiment in Economic and Political Development

THREATS, REAL OR IMAGINED, to governmental authority are a common feature of political life in almost every developing country. Recent years have provided the observer with innumerable examples of political instability in the "Third World" and a variety of official attempts by governments at reorienting or controlling the energies and activities of dissident elements. In several cases students have taken a leading role in the destruction of existing regimes while in other instances students have promoted or participated in efforts directed at the demise of established governments. Whether violent or passive, whether occurring in developing or developed countries, student demonstrations increasingly have
Suppression of cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow artifacts in FLAIR MR imaging with a single-slab three-dimensional pulse sequence: Initial experience

The authors compared high-signal-intensity flow-related artifacts present with a conventional two-dimensional (2D) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence with those seen with a single-slab, three-dimensional (3D) FLAIR sequence. Four readers graded the subarachnoid space and intraventricular artifacts, the pulsation artifacts, and the conspicuity of cranial nerves in the posterior fossa. For all comparisons, differences between 2D and 3D images were highly statistically significant, with 3D imaging being superior in all cases.
An Exploration Of Values And Ethical Choices Of Accounting Students

An individual’s ethical and economic values impact his decision processes when faced with resolving certain dilemmas. The primary issue of this research is to examine the relationship between accounting students’ ethical and economic values and their responses to business dilemmas. Additionally, this study attempted to see if senior accounting students responded with more ethical responses to the dilemmas than did lower-division accounting students. A measure of ethicality proposed by McCarthy (1997) was compared with subjects’ ethical responses to the business dilemmas. No correlation between the students’ measure of ethicality and the number of ethical responses to business dilemmas was found. Results did indicate that senior students exhibited a greater ethicality measure than lower-division accounting students. Additionally, senior-accounting students respond with marginally more ethical responses than lower-division accounting students. These findings indicate that, analogously to cognitive moral development, ethical value development arguably is occurring in accounting students. A contribution of this study is the use of the Rokeach value survey and eight business dilemmas to assess accounting student’s ethical value development. The Rokeach measures the student’s relative ranking of eighteen different values, including ethical and economic values. The business dilemmas measure the students’ ethical and economic responses to situations they could face in their lives. These instruments could shed additional light on accounting students’ ethical development.
17β-Estradiol normalizes immune responses in ovariectomized females after trauma-hemorrhage

Recent studies indicate that immune responses in proestrus females are maintained after trauma-hemorrhage but markedly depressed in ovariectomized females under such conditions. The current study t...
A Demo for Constructing Domain Ontology from Academic Papers

Traditional construction methods of domain ontology usually have following two l imits. First, these methods usually depend on some high cost resources. Second, these met hods are easily to result in error propagation because of the errors introduced in the concept identification step. In this paper we present a demo that constructs domain ontology with an easy method. And three main features distinguish our method from traditional methods. First, the proposed method uses academic papers to construct domain ontology. Second, the proposed method carefully selects some keywords in these academic papers as domain concepts. Thus error propagation is reduced accordingly. Third, the proposed method mines hierarchical relations among concepts with a graph generation and conversion method. The effects of our proposed method are evaluated from two perspectives in an IT domain ontology which is constructed with the proposed method: the quality of domain concepts and the quality of concept ’s relations. And evaluation results show that both of them achieve high qualities .
Reducing the Achievement Gap: There is Only One Real Solution

This article will examine what states are doing to reduce the achievement gap. Although some states have has some success, the gap remains for the vast majority of students because the traditional educational model remains unchanged. The article will start by looking at recent federal legislation that created an awareness of the achievement gap and some recent success by states in reducing this gap. The article will next examine state standards for compulsory education. Finally, this article will demonstrate the importance of early childhood programs as well as the need to extend the school year by increasing the number of instructional days, including mandatory summer school. The gap exists when students first start school and increases during the summer months. The solution to reduce the gap can be found during these time periods.
State-Level Healthcare Spending and Health Outcomes: An Application of Spatial Durbin Panel Approach to Mortality

There exists a complex relationship between state-level healthcare spending and health outcomes. As seen at the national level, healthcare expenditures are not associated with a corresponding improvement in health outcomes. This may or may not be the case at the state-level. Furthermore, the health outcomes of residents in a state are influenced by the residents’ demographic profiles, socio-economic factors, environmental factors, and healthcare needs. The ever-increasing healthcare spending without a corresponding improvement in health outcomes of individuals in the U.S. requires a closer examination of state-level polices and characteristics. As state governments are a vital driver of healthcare implementation and as healthcare policy responses in containing healthcare expenses and outcomes vary among states based on the underlying state-level factors, it is critical to examine state-level variations in healthcare outcomes. The aim of this study is to assess the determinants of state-level mortality rates using a spatial Durbin fixed effect model and evaluate the association of mortality rate with healthcare/hospital expenditures using panel data from 2000 through 2009. The study revealed the presence of a significant positive spatial dependence of mortality rate among neighboring states. While population composition (percentage of African-Americans, percentage of male population and percentage of individuals over 65 years of age) and employment rate significantly increased the mortality rate of a state; percentage of Hispanic population, number of active physicians, percentage of married population, proportion of population aged below 5 years and percentage of population with a college degree (bachelors or higher) reduced the mortality rates of a state. Additionally, higher rates of Hispanic population, percentage of population below age 5, Gini coefficient (income inequality) and total number of hospitals per 1000 people of an individual state increased the mortality rates of the neighboring states and higher education level of the state decreased the mortality rate of the neighboring states. Finally the study reported that there is no impact of increasing health/hospital spending on the health outcomes (mortality rate). Results of the study identified the importance of the role of social-determinants as well as up-stream factors such as income, social interaction and education in improving health outcomes (mortality rate). Hence, focusing on the economic, social and population factors of the state is necessary to reduce the mortality rate without further burden of increasing health spending on the states.
Differential Deformability of the DNA Minor Groove and Altered BI/BII Backbone Conformational Equilibrium by the Monovalent Ions Li(+), Na(+), K(+), and Rb(+) via Water-Mediated Hydrogen Bonding.

Recently, we reported the differential impact of the monovalent cations Li+, Na+, K+, and Rb+ on DNA conformational properties. These were identified from variations in the calculated solution-state X-ray DNA spectra as a function of the ion type in solvation buffer in MD simulations using our recently developed polarizable force field based on the classical Drude oscillator. Changes in the DNA structure were found to mainly involve variations in the minor groove width. Because minor groove dimensions vary significantly in protein–DNA complexes and have been shown to play a critical role in both specific and nonspecific DNA readout, understanding the origins of the observed differential DNA modulation by the first-group monovalent ions is of great biological importance. In the present study, we show that the primary microscopic mechanism for the phenomenon is the formation of water-mediated hydrogen bonds between solvated cations located inside the minor groove and simultaneously to two DNA strands, a pro...
Stretch: A Geoboard Game

[1] P. Erdos and J. L. Selfridge, On a combinatorial game, J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. B., 14 (1973) 298-301. [2] M. Gardner, The Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1959, pp. 37-46. [3] A. W. Hales and R. I. Jewett, On regularity and positional games, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 106 (1963) 222-229. [4] L. Moser, Solution to problem E 773 [1947, 281], Amer. Math. Monthly, 55 (1948) 99. [5] J. L. Paul, The q-regularity of lattice point paths in R', Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 81 (1975) 492-494. [6] , Addendum, The q-regularity of lattice point paths in R ', Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 81 (1975) 1136. [7] , Partitioning the lattice points in R', (to appear).
An Additional Effect of Yohimbine-HCl:

SummaryDaily subcutaneous injections of 20 mg of yohimbine-HCl per kg of body weight from the 15th day of gestation until parturition increases the length of pregnancy in the rat by 1 day. A single...
Integrated Time-Based Flow Management Concept

Integrated Time-Based Flow Management (ITBFM) is a concept for improving Traffic Flow Management (TFM) in the next decade by integrating and enhancing today’s independent scheduling capabilities. The ITBFM concept presented is an approach to address a critical step on the road to the Operational Evolution Partnership (OEP) mid-term capabilities and the modernized Next Generation Air Traffic Management System (NextGen).