cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends in the consumption of red meat and poultry—nutritional implications

Summary Meat, both red and poultry, is regarded by most people as an integral part of an acceptable and nutritious diet. All meats contribute protein of high biological value to the diet and in addition contribute significantly to the intake of essential vitamins and minerals. Over the last 30years total meat consumption has risen, with a remarkable increase in the consumption of poultry. The composition of poultry meat is significantly different from red meat in respect of several nutrients and thus changes in the pattern of consumption are likely to have some effects on the supply of nutrients. Recent recommendations for a reduction in the consumption of animal products are based on epidemiological evidence that increased consumption is associated with increased incidence of coronary heart disease and some cancers. In this respect the selection of meats lower in saturated fats and cholesterol may be desirable. However, the future role of meats in the diet will probably be determined more by economic factors of a world-wide nature, and meat will continue to be regarded as a highly esteemed part of our diet.
Design and Simulation of a Smart Endoscope: Part II

In this research, we are developing a noninvasive and safe endoscope for human colonoscopy. To minimize the invasiveness and discomfort, a smart endoscope is composed of a sheath with controllable stiffness that has an exoskeleton structure. A smart endoscope is comprised of an endoscope and a sheath. The stem has more flexibility than a conventional endoscope and the sheath portion maintains controllable flexibility. In principle, this approach could be used for other procedures. The stem of a conventional protoscope has stiffness and it can scratch the inside surface when it pushes into a human colon. It may also deform the colon’s shape. Important parameters used in designing a smart endoscope include the radius of curvature of a sigmoid colon, an appropriate unit diameter for the sheath part, and an ability to lock the units together. An analysis of the cable tensions and external forces is completed for a given configuration based on selected geometric parameters. By applying external forces to the stem of the endoscope, we can solve for the maximum external resisting forces. These are required to maintain the locking ability of the endoscope and the corresponding cable forces.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Most Frequently Used Spoken American English Idioms: A Corpus Analysis and Its Implications.

Most teaching and reference materials on English idioms are primarily intuition based. As such, they often include seldom-used idioms and incorrect descriptions of the meaning and use of some idioms, hence limiting their usefulness to ESOL students. This article demonstrates how this problem can be addressed through a corpus-based study of the spoken American English idioms used most frequently by college and other professional ESOL students learning American English. The study involved a close concordance search and analysis of the idioms used in three contemporary spoken American English corpora: Corpus of Spoken, Professional American English (Barlow, 2000); Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (Simpson, Briggs, Ovens, & Swales, 2002), and Spoken American Media English (Liu, 2002). According to the search results, four lists of the most frequently used idioms were compiled, with one based on the overall data and the other three on one of the corpora. The study uncovered interesting English idiom use patterns. The results were compared with information in nine major current idiom dictionaries, which revealed inadequacies of the existing idiom teaching and reference materials in terms of item selection, meaning and use explanation, and the appropriateness of the examples provided. The article discusses pedagogical and research implications, including suggestions for improving the development of idiom teaching and reference materials.
Two Trigonal Ni(silylene)3 Complexes

Two homoleptic Ni(silylene)3 complexes, 1a and 2a, have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Due to steric constraints only three silylenes coordinate to the nickel, generating novel complexes that are trigonal planar at the nickel center.
Potential Impact of Ozone on Coniferous Forests of the Interior Southwestern United States

Despite the well-documented negative impacts of ozone on the health of coniferous forests in southern California and the significant growth experienced by southwestern cities over the past several decades, the ozone/forest dynamic in the interior portion of the southwestern United States has been largely ignored. Primarily through a review of literature pertaining to most aspects of ozone and its impact on forest health, this article provides insights on the ozone/forest dynamic within coniferous forests of the interior Southwest. It is suggested that ozone absorption in southwestern coniferous forests may equal that in southern California, owing to the long-distance transport of atmospheric pollutants into the interior Southwest and the presence of the North American monsoon. Nevertheless, research gaps identified in this article suggest a need for future research on ozone exposure levels and the ozone sensitivities of conifer species and varieties in southwestern coniferous forests.
Casson invariant of links of singularities

Let X be the link of a normal complete intersection surface singularity and let F be the associated Milnor fiber. Thus, X is a closed oriented 3-manifold and F is a compact, simply-connected, parallelizable 4-manifold with boundary X. Assume is a homology 3-sphere; then the Casson invariant ,~(~) has been defined (e.g., [A] or [F-S]) as minus one-half the "number" of non-trivial SU(2)representations of ~rl(X ), where "number" is given by an appropriate algebraic count.
The prematurely promoted formations of liver enzymes in suckling rats.

Abstract Rat liver enzymes that normally accumulate in the third postnatal week did so 1 or 2 weeks earlier upon the administration of different stimuli. Thyroxine was an effective stimulus for malate: NADP oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.40) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40), but was without effect on glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2). Pyruvate kinase and ATP citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.8) responded to intragastric glycerol, glucose or fructose, but malate: NADP oxidoreductase remained undetectable. Prematurely established high glucokinase levels were not followed by premature accumulation of ATP citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase or malate: NADP oxidoreductase in the same livers. Estradiol treatment which inhibits the normal developmental accumulation of glucokinase did not affect that of the other three enzymes. The observations suggest that enzymic differentiation in liver during the late sucking period is controlled by a concerted action of several physiological stimuli. It is possible to resolve this complex process by matching each stimulus with the subcluster of enzymes whose formation it promotes.
Effects of face-to-face and computer-mediated constructive controversy on social interdependence, motivation, and achievement.

Cooperative learning capitalizes on the relational processes by which peers promote learning, yet it remains unclear whether these processes operate similarly in face-to-face and online settings. This study addresses this issue by comparing face-to-face and computer-mediated versions of constructive controversy, a cooperative learning procedure designed to create intellectual conflict among students. One hundred and one undergraduates were randomly assigned to a 1 (control: face-to-face) × 3 (medium: video, audio, text) × 2 (synchronicity: synchronous, asynchronous) experimental-control design. Cooperative perceptions declined and individualistic perceptions increased under asynchronous computer-mediated conditions, resulting in predicted declines in motivation (i.e., relatedness, interest, value) and academic achievement (i.e., completion rate). For practice, findings suggest that synchronicity but not medium plays an important role in computer-mediated constructive controversy. For theory, findings also suggest that social psychological theories based on face-to-face assumptions may need to be modified to indicate that predicted outcomes depend on synchronous social interaction.
Comparative ecology of H2 cycling in sedimentary and phototrophic ecosystems

The simple biochemistry of H2 is critical to a large number of microbial processes, affecting the interaction of organisms with each other and with the environment. The sensitivity of each of these processes to H2 can be described collectively, through the quantitative language of thermodynamics. A necessary prerequisite is to understand the factors that, in turn, control H2 partial pressures. These factors are assessed for two distinctly different ecosystems. In anoxic sediments from Cape Lookout Bight (North Carolina, USA), H2 partial pressures are strictly maintained at low, steady-state levels by H2-consuming organisms, in a fashion that can be quantitatively predicted by simple thermodynamic calculations. In phototrophic microbial mats from Baja California (Mexico), H2 partial pressures are controlled by the activity of light-sensitive H2-producing organisms, and consequently fluctuate over orders of magnitude on a daily basis. The differences in H2 cycling can subsequently impact any of the H2-sensitive microbial processes in these systems. In one example, methanogenesis in Cape Lookout Bight sediments is completely suppressed through the efficient consumption of H2 by sulfate-reducing bacteria; in contrast, elevated levels of H2 prevail in the producer-controlled phototrophic system, and methanogenesis occurs readily in the presence of 40 mM sulfate.
Neonatal mortality rate: relationship to birth weight and gestational age.

Data on neonatal mortality rates, by birth weight and gestational age, are presented in a variety of ways to indicate their usefulness in everyday practice. The conventional rates by birth weight groupings have been useful in the past, but data by both birth weight and gestational age are necessary for evaluation of current perinatal practices. Mortality rates in small blocks and in curvilinear zones by birth weight and gestational age are useful in evaluating the outcome of individual pregnancies and newborn infants. Each of these methods serves a specific need, and the advantages of each are described. The importance of using both birth weight and gestational age, when reporting mortality rates in neonatal populations, is emphasized.
Alkali-stable high-pI isoelectric membranes for isoelectric trapping separations.

Alkali-stable, high-p/ isoelectric membranes have been synthesized from quaternary ammonium derivatives of cyclodextrins and poly(vinyl alcohol), and bifunctional cross-linkers, such as glycerol-1,3-diglycidyl ether. The new, high-p/ isoelectric membranes were successfully applied as cathodic membranes in isoelectric trapping separations in place of the hydrolytically more labile, polyacrylamide-based cathodic isoelectric membranes, and permitted the use of catholytes as alkaline as 1 M NaOH. The new high-p/ isoelectric membranes have shown excellent mechanical stability, low electric resistance and long life times, even when subjected to electrophoresis with current densities as high as 80 mA/cm 2 .
Non-smoker exposure to secondhand cannabis smoke. I. Urine screening and confirmation results

Increased cannabis potency has renewed concerns that secondhand exposure to cannabis smoke can produce positive drug tests. A systematic study was conducted of smoke exposure on drug-free participants. Six experienced cannabis users smoked cannabis cigarettes (5.3% THC in Session 1 and 11.3% THC in Sessions 2 and 3) in a sealed chamber. Six non-smokers were seated with smokers in an alternating manner. Sessions 1 and 2 were conducted with no ventilation and ventilation was employed in Session 3. Non-smoking participant specimens (collected 0‐34 h) were analyzed with four immunoassays at different cutoff concentrations (20, 50, 75 and 100 ng/mL) and by GC-MS (LOQ 5 0.75 ng/mL). No presumptive positives occurred for non-smokers at 100 and 75 ng/mL; a single positive occurred at 50 ng/mL; and multiple positives occurred at 20 ng/ mL. Maximum THCCOOH concentrations by GC-MS for non-smokers ranged from 1.3 to 57.5 ng/mL. THCCOOH concentrations generally increased with THC potency, but room ventilation substantially reduced exposure levels. These results demonstrate that extreme cannabis smoke exposure can produce positive urine tests at commonly utilized cutoff concentrations. However, positive tests are likely to be rare, limited to the hours immediately post-exposure, and occur only under environmental circumstances where exposure is obvious.
Oxygen uptake and heart rate of the clam Polymesoda caroliniana Bosc in air and in seawater

Abstract The rates of oxygen uptake and heart beat, and tissue levels of alanine and succinate of the marsh clam Polymesoda caroliniana Bosc were measured in animals exposed either to air and or isosmotic, aerated seawater (SW). The oxygen consumption rate was variable, the mean rate was approx. 380 μl/h/g dry weight in SW and in air. Animals exposed to air for 24 h did not accumulate an oxygen debt. The heart rate of animals with the valves ajar was 13 in SW and 11 in air. In clams exposed to air for 24 h, the levels of alanine and succinate in the gill were, respectively, 6.5 and 3.9 μmol/g wet weight. The alanine content of gills from animals maintained in SW was 5.6; succinate was 4.4 μmol/g wet weight. The adductor muscles of clams in SW contained 8.9 μmol/g wet weight alanine and 2.8 μmol/g succinate. The adductor muscles of animals exposed to air for 24 h contained 9.7 μmol/g alanine and 2.4 μmol/g succinate. Polymesoda caroliniana is capable of the same rate of O 2 uptake wether in air or submerged in SW. There is no marked bradycardia during emersion, and no evidence of the accumulation of metabolites indicative of anaerobic metabolism. While these response are typical of those found in other bivalve species that occur in high intertidal habitats, the air-breathing capacity of P. caroliniana is exceptional.
The large-sample power of the 195-1195-1195-1test for multidimensional contingency tables

The asymptotic power of the frequency χ2 test depends on a noncentrality parameter, λ,Mitra [1958] offered a general expression for λ, which is rather difficult to apply. This work provides simplified formulae for λ in various models associated with multidimensional contingency tables.
A Long Loop: Transmigration of Korean Women in Japan:

Focusing on new women immigrants/migrants from Korea to Japan in recent years, this article explores the form of transmigratory practice of U-turnees, who have past experiences of having lived in J...
Efficiencies of Gold and Platinum Gratings in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

Efficiencies have been measured for two platinum-coated original concave gratings, four platinized replicas from the originals, and two original concave gratings ruled in gold. The measurements were made at near normal incidence in the 500- to 1400-A wavelength region. Coated gratings have been compared with uncoated gratings and platinized mirrors. The measurements emphasize the importance of the quality of the individual rulings in addition to the type of coating, in the ultimate determination of the distribution of grating efficiency with wavelength.
Arrhythmias following physostigmine administration in jimson weed poisoning

A case of Jimson weed poisoning was treated using physostigmine. Atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions, and ventricular tachycardia all were noted 45 minutes after physostigmine administration. The patient was given digitalis, lidocaine, potassium and oxygen. The temporal association between the physostigmine administration and the onset of arrhythmias suggested a causal relationship. To the author's knowledge, these arrhythmias have not been previously reported in connection with physostigmine administration.
The effect of dextroamphetamine on habituation of peripheral vascular response in children

The blood volume pulse (BVP) measured by a photoplethysmograph was recorded in 43 children with behavior and learning problems before and after either stimulant drug treatment or placebo. A series of twenty-four 750-cps tones was presented at 10-sec. intervals, with one trial having a doubled interval and one with a halved interval. A 1,000-cps tone was introduced following the 24th trial. As predicted, the drug-treated subjects showed significantly more rapid habituation to the tones. They also showed more variability of BVP following the longer intertriai interval, but showed less variability following the introduction of the high tone. The results are interpreted as showing that the stimulant has the effect of raising autonomie arousal level with consequently more rapid habituation of the orienting response.
Degenerate antigen recognition by CD4+ effector T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Peptide-specific tolerance with PLP139-151 peptide analogs was used to compare the fine antigen-specificity requirements at both the inductive and effector phases of relapsing EAE (R-EAE). A PLP139-151 analog peptide containing a single substitution at the primary T cell receptor (TcR) contact residue (A144) did not induce proliferation in PLP139-151-primed CD4+ T cells. In addition, tolerance induced with ECDI-treated. A144-coupled splenocytes failed to prevent the inductive phase of PLP139-151-induced R-EAE or to inhibit the induction of peptide-specific DTH indicating that naive PLP139-151-specific T cells do not react with the A144 peptide analog. In contrast, A144-coupled splenocytes did prevent the expression of the effector phase of R-EAE and inhibited the elicitation of peptide-specific DTH responses upon administration to mice seven days after immunization with PLP139-151. The results provide in vivo evidence that "antigen-experienced' T cells recognize a broader repertoire of antigens than do naive T cells and have important implications for the regulation of immune responses and for advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune disease.
Atomic force microscopy study of the antimicrobial activity of aqueous garlic versus ampicillin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

BACKGROUND: In this study the effects of ampicillin and aqueous garlic extract on Escherichia coli (ATCC 9637) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) were compared. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the possible mechanisms of membrane disruption. RESULTS: Ampicillin disrupted the cell membrane of E. coli, inducing pores and cell leakage. Aqueous garlic extract also induced leakage from the cell membrane in E. coli, but no pores were observed. The trend in Young's modulus for E. coli was Enative ≈ Eage > Eamp. In contrast, S. aureus incubated with low ampicillin (≤50µg mL−1) and garlic (≤50 mg mL−1) concentrations showed no significant changes in surface morphology compared with the untreated bacterium. The trend in Young's modulus for S. aureus was Enative ≈ Eage ≈ Eamp. CONCLUSION: The trend Enative ≈ Eage for E. coli and S. aureus supports the hypothesis that the compounds in garlic show intracellular activity. This proof-of-concept study of the aqueous crude isolate of garlic points to the feasibility of further AFM investigations to compare the antimicrobial properties of various pure thiosulfinate isolates found in garlic. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular identification of the human GABABR2: cell surface expression and coupling to adenylyl cyclase in the absence of GABABR1.

We have identified a gene encoding a GABAB receptor, the human GABABR2, located on chromosome 9q22.1, that is distinct from the recently reported rat GABABR1. GABABR2 structurally resembles GABABR1 (35% identity), having seven transmembrane domains and a large extracellular region, but differs in having a longer carboxy-terminal tail. GABABR2 is localized to the cell surface in transfected COS cells, and negatively couples to adenylyl cyclase in response to GABA, baclofen, and 3-aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid in CHO cells lacking GABABR1. Baclofen action is inhibited by the GABABR antagonist, 2-hydroxysaclofen. The human GABABR2 and GABABR1 genes are differentially expressed in the nervous system, with the greatest difference being detected in the striatum in which GABABR1 but not GABABR2 mRNA transcripts are detected. GABABR2 and GABABR1 mRNAs are also coexpressed in various brain regions such as the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum. Identification of a functional homomeric GABABR2 coupled to adenylyl cyclase suggests that the complexity of GABAB pharmacological data is at least in part due to the presence of more than one receptor and opens avenues for future research leading to an understanding of metabotropic GABA receptor signal transduction mechanisms.
Inversion of Magnetoresistance in Organic Semiconductors

We report that organic semiconductors such as alpha-sexithiophene (alpha-6T) have magnetoresistance (MR) with unexpected sign changes; depending on applied voltage, temperature, and layer thickness, the resistance may either increase or decrease upon application of a small magnetic field (<100 mT). We propose that MR and the inversion of MR are due to the role of hyperfine interaction in a magnetic field, as illustrated by the recombination-limited regime.
Error analysis of a Mueller matrix polarimeter

An error analysis of a Mueller matrix polarimeter with dual rotating retarders is presented. Errors in orientational alignment of three of the four polarization elements are considered. Errors that are due to nonideal retardation elements are also included in the analysis. Compensation for imperfect retardation elements is possible with the equations derived, and the equations permit a calibration of the polarimeter for azimuthal alignment of polarization elements. An analytical treatment is given and is followed by numerical examples. The latter should prove useful in the laboratory in comparing precalibrated experimental results with theoretical predictions.
Nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists. IV: EXP6155 and EXP6803

EXP6155 (2-n-butyl-1-[4-carboxybenzyl]-4-chloroimidazole-5-acetic acid) and EXP6803 (methyl 2-n-butyl-1-[4-(2-carboxybenzamido)benzyl]-4-chloroimidazole -5-acetate, sodium salt) are shown to be novel, nonpeptide, antihypertensive, specific angiotensin II receptor antagonists. In rabbit aorta, they competitively inhibited the contractile response to angiotensin II with pA2 values of 6.54 and 7.20 and did not alter the response to norepinephrine or KCl. In guinea pig ileum, both agents blocked the responses to angiotensin I and II and did not alter the responses to bradykinin and acetylcholine. A similar specific angiotensin II antagonism was shown in vivo in the spinal pithed rat model. In renal artery-ligated rats, a high renin hypertensive model, EXP6155 and EXP6803 given intravenously, decreased blood pressure with ED30 of 10 and 11 mg/kg, respectively. Both compounds did not alter blood pressure when given orally at 100 mg/kg. Unlike saralasin, EXP6155 and EXP6803 given intravenously did not cause a transient increase in blood pressure in the renal artery-ligated and normotensive rats. Our results indicate that EXP6155 and EXP6803 are selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists and antihypertensive agents. Since neither compound had partial agonist activities or bradykinin potentiation effects, unlike the existing peptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, respectively, they may represent preferred probes for studying the physiological roles of angiotensin II.
Prolonged ethanol treatment enhances lipopolysaccharide/phorbol myristate acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in human monocytic cells.

Background Ethanol (EtOH) is known to alter host immune responses and cytokine production. Acute EtOH exposure can suppress tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production, which attenuates pulmonary defense against infection. Previous studies in our laboratory show that acute EtOH inhibited TNF-alpha production by a posttranscriptional process, namely suppression of TNF-alpha-converting, enzyme-mediated, ectodomain shedding. However, chronic EtOH has been shown to augment TNF-alpha production, and this has been associated with EtOH-induced liver injury. To further characterize this paradoxical effect of EtOH on TNF-alpha production, we developed an in vitro model by using Mono Mac 6 cells, a human monocytic cell line. Methods Mono Mac 6 cells were treated with EtOH (0-75 mM) for 1 to 7 days. TNF-alpha production was induced by lipopolysaccharide and phorbol myristate acetate and quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assayed by using a specific fluorogenic reagent. Results Acute EtOH initially inhibited lipopolysaccharide/phorbol myristate acetate-induced TNF-alpha production in Mono Mac 6 cells. However, during chronic EtOH exposure, this inhibition was reversed gradually over time. By day 6 after EtOH treatment, Mono Mac 6 cells demonstrated significant up-regulation of TNF-alpha production. Moreover, chronic EtOH induced the generation of ROS in these Mono Mac 6 cells. Scavenging ROS by Mn(III)tetrakis(1-methyl-4pyridyl)porphyrin pentachloride and N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated chronic EtOH-enhanced TNF-alpha production. Conclusion These results suggest that ROS induction is involved in EtOH-enhanced TNF-alpha production by monocytes. This study also provides insight into the mechanisms of alteration of TNF-alpha production in different EtOH exposure settings.
ACROSS THE GREAT DIVIDE: FREE MARKETS FROM RIGHT TO LEFT

“One book is a book, two books is a trend,” goes an old adage in publishing. And what of three books? The 2012 publication of Angus Burgin's The Great Persuasion: Reinventing Free Markets since the Depression and Daniel Stedman Jones's Masters of the Universe: Hayek, Friedman, and the Birth of Neoliberal Politics, together with the 2011 publication of Nicholas Wapshott's Keynes Hayek: The Clash That Defined Modern Economics, suggests that the intellectual history of conservatism is not merely a trend, but an interest that is here to stay. At least the study of free markets, that is, for the books under consideration here focus more on conservative economic ideas than on religious or cultural ideals, capturing the intellectual history of free markets in the twentieth century through the Mont Pelerin Society, transatlantic policy, and the debate between John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich Hayek. While remarkably similar in subject and source, these are three different books, distinguished from each other in interpretation, execution, and focus. All three, however, display a similar temperament, assessing conservative ideas in an evenhanded if not overtly sympathetic tone suggesting that scholars have finally found a shared register through which to consider the most controversial and politically consequential ideas of the late twentieth century. They also converge upon a perhaps surprising synthesis, positioning free-market thought not only at the interstices of America and Europe, but between and across left and right, conservative and liberal.
Primariness of spaces of continuous functions on ordinals

Necessary and sufficient conditions on an ordinal α are given, such thatC(α) is primary, and that the general linear group ofC(α) is contractible. In particularC(α) possesses both of these properties if α is countable.
Box-constrained quadratic programs with fixed charge variables

Recent work has demonstrated the potential for globally optimizing nonconvex quadratic programs using a reformulation based on the first order optimality conditions. We show how this reformulation may be generalized to account for fixed cost variables. We then extend some of the polyhedral work that has been done for bound constrained QPs to handle such fixed cost variables. We show how to lift known classes of inequalities for the case without fixed cost variables and propose several new classes. These inequalities are incorporated in a branch-and-cut algorithm.
SU-E-I-71: Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) Software for Post-Processing of SWI Data.

Purpose: To develop open source software for post processing of susceptibility weighted (SWI) MR images using magnitude and phase data. Methods: SWI data was acquired using Philips MRI 3T scanner with the following parameter: 3D T1 FFE axial with TR=40ms, TE=25ms, FOV=22 cm, acquisition matrix of 440×440 and 40 slices. Both magnitude and phase data was stored for SWI post processing. The SWI homodyne filtering is performed by converting the magnitude and phase image to complex real and imaginaryimages. The SWI software was implemented in C++ using ITK (Image registration and segmentation toolkit) toolkit. To generate SWI maps the user needs to provide the DICOM data directory, the series number of DICOM SWI series, low pass filter size and the weighting factor of phase mask. This outputted SWI series is saved as DICOM and appended to the patient series and can be viewed in any DICOM compatible viewer. The software also outputs SWI filtered phase maps which can be further used for iron quantification in organs like brain, liver etc. Results: An open source implementation of SWI post‐processing tool using ITK was provided. The SWI processed phase weighted data can be used for qualitative assessment of iron deposits. The filtered phase map outputted can be used for quantitative iron measurements. Conclusions: SWI post processing software is implemented here to provide qualitative SWI maps of iron deposits in brain and other organs. The post processed images can also be useful for MR Venography with minimum intensity projection. This tool would be useful to study disease processes involved with accumulation of iron in different organs.
Whole Simulation of Single Phase Energy Metering Chip

Metering chip is the core of electrical meter. The accuracy of metering chip affects the measurement property of electrical meter, so it’s necessary to study the behavior of it. The simulation studies of metering chip are mostly based on part sections of it, but lack the whole simulation model. This paper proposes a Simulink model of whole metering chip based on certain one-phase metering chip by designing the ADC, high pass filter (HPF), low pass filter (LPF), and so on, and make simulation of this model. The result shows that the accuracy of this model is about 0.1%, which verifies the effectiveness of it.
HPC: A model of structure and change in distributed systems

Distributed systems must provide certain fundamental facilities, including communication, protection, resource management, reliability and process (computation) abstraction. The authors describe the design of HPC, an object-oriented model of interprocess relationships for distributed systems which addresses all of these fundamental services. The major novelties of HPC lie in the extension of the process abstraction to collections of processes and the provision of a rich set of structuring mechanisms for distributed computations. An important aspect of the model is that it results in the ability to maintain and exploit execution context for managing processes in a distributed computation.
Effect of Ba(Y1/2Nb1/2)O3 and BaZrO3 on the cation order and properties of Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 microwave ceramics

Abstract The effect of different solid solution additives and heat treatments on the cation order and dielectric properties of Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BCoN) were investigated. Pure Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 undergoes an order–disorder transition at ∼1400 °C, the Q value of the ordered phase (Q·f=64,400) is significantly higher than the disordered variant (Q·f=10,800). The substitution of BaZrO3 destabilizes the 1:2 order and a 1:1 ordered phase are formed for ∼10–20 mol% BZ. The order–disorder temperatures for the 1:1 BCoN–BZ phases are quite low (
Pediatric pancreatic EUS-guided trucut biopsy for evaluation of autoimmune pancreatitis

EUS is routinely used as a diagnostic tool for pancre-atic diseases, a role that is further expanded by theability to obtain biopsy specimens using FNA and trucutbiopsy (TCB). As compared with FNA, TCB obtains alarger specimen and preserves the tissue architecture,thereby increasing the diagnostic sensitivity for selectpancreatic pathologies such as autoimmune pancreati-tis (AIP).
Flattened Management Structure: New Idea for a Progressive Acute-Care Infection Control Department

Abstract ISSUE: Infection control management is a complex paradigm. Conventional methods of hierarchy in acute-care hospitals often have a manager or a single infection control professional (ICP) supervised by the hospital epidemiologist(s). Additional ICPs usually report to the manager. With the age of the average ICP at 58 years, it is imperative to train newcomers to this ever-growing field, which is fundamental to today's healthcare goals of patient safety. PROJECT: The Johns Hopkins Hospital is a 1000-bed acute-care hospital with seven full-time ICPs, five of whom have >10 years experience in infection control and supporting areas including microbiology, occupational health, acute care, long-term care, surgery, safety, grant management, and public health. The two “new” ICPs are being mentored by experienced staff members in a variety of infection control aspects. We developed an “MOD” (manager on duty) model which allows us to manage ourselves and our program while still getting critical input from the hospital epidemiologists. In this model, each experienced ICP manages the department on a 2-week rotational basis, as well as carries the 24-hour emergency beeper for the department during that period. RESULTS: This paradigm empowers the ICPs to direct significant parts of the infection control program while still meeting the outcome goals of upper management, e.g., appropriate surveillance data and interventional epidemiological results. This model also promotes cross-training in different areas of infection control needs by virtue of handling the beeper and enhances management experience. LESSONS LEARNED: Self-management has facilitated the growth of a highly visible, empowered, cohesive team that accomplishes more together than separately. We have been able to identify areas of staff performance needing improvement and have planned together to improve these problems.
Membrane-bound α-synuclein interacts with glucocerebrosidase and inhibits enzyme activity.

Mutations in GBA, the gene encoding glucocerebrosidase, the lysosomal enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease increase the risk for developing Parkinson disease. Recent research suggests a relationship between glucocerebrosidase and the Parkinson disease-related amyloid-forming protein, α-synuclein; however, the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for association remain elusive. Previously, we showed that α-synuclein and glucocerebrosidase interact selectively under lysosomal conditions, and proposed that this newly identified interaction might influence cellular levels of α-synuclein by either promoting protein degradation and/or preventing aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that membrane-bound α-synuclein interacts with glucocerebrosidase, and that this complex formation inhibits enzyme function. Using site-specific fluorescence and Forster energy transfer probes, we mapped the protein-enzyme interacting regions on unilamellar vesicles. Our data suggest that on the membrane surface, the glucocerebrosidase-α-synuclein interaction involves a larger α-synuclein region compared to that found in solution. In addition, α-synuclein acts as a mixed inhibitor with an apparent IC(50) in the submicromolar range. Importantly, the membrane-bound, α-helical form of α-synuclein is necessary for inhibition. This glucocerebrosidase interaction and inhibition likely contribute to the mechanism underlying GBA-associated parkinsonism.
Improving organisational performance by exploiting workplace flexibility

Companies large and small, in every industry, face a common challenge: do more, better, with less. The organisational problems to be solved, while meeting this kind of corporate mandate, are also widely shared: attract and retain high quality employees; strengthen brand identity; increase flexibility in the face of highly uncertain market conditions and new technologies; assimilate mergers and acquisitions; accommodate frequent changes in group and team size and structure. This paper describes findings from research that examined the workplace strategies of independent small startup initiatives, as well as those initiated inside large corporations. The findings suggest that it is possible to identify aspects of overall workplace planning and design that reduce costs and increase flexibility while maintaining or enhancing organisational effectiveness.
7.7: Presentation session: Poster session and reception: “Modeling the effect of melanoma tumor cell growth in the presence of natural killer cells”

Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the United States. Many people develop cancer, but the immune system kills these cells without the need for outside treatments. In cancer progression, however, tumor cells may evade the immune system. How this happens is not fully understood. Natural killer cells (NK) are one of many immune cells to show tumor cell lysis. Specifically, the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30, and the c-type lectin receptor NKG2D on NK cells, are crucial in killing the tumor cells. MICA, one of several possible activating ligands for NKG2D, is broadly expressed on human tumor cells of epithelial origin. MICA, in combination with various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), appears to be involved in both tumor elimination and tumor growth. Tumor growth tends to increase in the presence of soluble MICA but decreases when high levels of MICA bind to the tumor cell. MMPs have been implicated in the shedding of MICA from the tumor surface. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the interactions between NK cells and tumor cells in the presence of MMPs. Using MATLAB®, continuous partial differential equations were created based on data from published literature. Within these equations are twelve state variables and various parameters, the values of which will be determined through experimentation. Results of model simulations with 3 different initial concentration values of MMPs show how this biochemical affects the ability of NK cells to attack tumor cells.
Effects of alpha-2-adrenergic drugs in the medial preoptic area and medial basal hypothalamus on lordosis in the guinea pig.

Abstract We have recently demonstrated that (1) stimulation of alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) of ovariectomized (OVX) estradiol-17β-benzoate (EB) treated female guinea pigs activates lordotic responding and that (2) inhibition of alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission in the MBH inhibits lordotic responding in EB and progesterone (EB+P) treated females (Neuroendocrinology, in press). In this study, we investigated the relative influence of selective drugs altering alpha-2-adrenergic neuronal transmission within the MBH and medial preoptic area (MPOA) on lordotic responding in EB+P primed females. In EB+P primed females the selective alpha-2-adrenergic agonist UK-14,304 increased the number of seconds EB+P treated females held lordosis at test periods starting 15 min after infusion until test periods 1.5 h after infusion into the MPOA (maximum effect at test period 30 min after infusion, 265% vehicle (VEH);P
A SYNCHROTRON XPS STUDY OF THE VANADIA-TITANIA SYSTEM AS A MODEL FOR MONOLAYER OXIDE CATALYSTS

Abstract The deposition of vanadium metal onto stoichiometric TiO 2 (110) has been studied with photoelectron spectroscopy from low to high coverages of vanadium. A synchrotron source was employed in XPS experiments for the study of submonolayer coverages of vanadium in order to determine the oxidation state of the vanadia species formed at submonolayer coverages. The exposure of the titania surface to vanadium metal results in charge-transfer from vanadium to titania at the interface. At low doses of the metal vigorous interaction between the metal and titania surface yields reduction of the Ti 4+ species to Ti 3+ at the interface, as evidenced by both changes in the lineshape of the Ti 2p XPS spectra and Ti LIII-edge spectra. Concurrent with this surface reduction vanadium metal is oxidized. At higher vanadium doses the vanadium 2p binding energy indicates the formation of metallic vanadium. When metallic vanadium deposition is followed by exposure of the surface to oxygen, only one vanadium species remains on the surface, the binding energy of which corresponds to that of the oxide present initially at low doses of vanadium metal. By comparison of the V 2p binding energies to those of bulk oxides, it appears that the oxidation state of the vanadium in the oxide species is +3, suggesting the formation of V 2 O 3 on the surface. Vanadium LIII-edge data also suggest that V 2 O 5 is not formed by the oxidation of predosed vanadium metal.
Nuclear and Coulomb components in heavy-ion elastic and transfer reactions

Nuclear and Coulomb contributions to both heavy-ion elastic and transfer reactions have been isolated. The Coulomb contribution is essentially classical. The nuclear component is quantum mechanical, diffractive, and is described by a single complex angular momentum. The nuclear contribution to elastic scattering is related to a diffracted trajectory propagating around the interaction region. (AIP)
Algebraic formulation of hadronic supersymmetry based on octonions: new mass formulas and further applications

A special treatment based on the highest division algebra, that of octonions and their split algebraic formulation is developed for the description of diquark states made up of two quark pairs. We describe symmetry properties of mesons and baryons through such formulation and derive mass formulae relating π, ρ, N and Δ trajectories showing an incredible agreement with experiments. We also comment on formation of diquark-antidiquark as well as pentaquark states and point the way toward applications into multiquark formulations expected to be seen at upcoming CERN experiments. A discussion on relationship of our work to flux bag models, string pictures and to string-like configurations in hadrons based on spectrum generating algebras will be given.
Enhancing consumer-brand relationships on restaurant Facebook fan pages: maximizing consumer benefits and increasing active participation.

Abstract Facebook has been widely recognized as a popular contemporary trend in marketing. Using a Facebook fan page can help a firm successfully establish and maintain positive consumer–brand relationships by offering special benefits to members who “like” the fan page on their Facebook accounts. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between four benefit components (functional benefits, social–psychological benefits, hedonic benefits, and monetary benefits) obtained by fan page members and members’ community participation, brand trust, and brand commitment. The results of data analysis revealed that fan page members are more likely to visit restaurant Facebook fan pages when they obtain social–psychological and hedonic benefits from their interactions on the pages. Because members can develop strong trust and commitment toward restaurant brands through active participation on Facebook fan pages, this study provides a practical foundation for future research investigating Facebook as a marketing tool and suggests brand management strategies for use in online communities.
Rational-emotive theory: I. an integrated psychological and philosophical basis

Rational-emotive theory (RET) is reformulated on an epistemological basis (comprehensively critical rationalism [CCR] instead of logical empiricism) consistent with current mainstream philosophy and with the practice of rational-emotive therapy. The irrational beliefs that lead to dysphoric emotions can be defined logically and independently of their consequences. They are of two kinds: (a) grandiose beliefs that some object, state, or event in the world should be other than it is, because one wants it to be, and (b) beliefs that evaluations such as good, bad, right, wrong, wonderful, and awful are factual (inherent in the object of the evaluation) rather than definitional. Evaluations are arbitrary designations that we add to the value of a measure of some characteristic of an object or event. Dysphoric emotions (anger, anxiety, depression, guilt, jealousy, and shame) result from evaluative attributions that individuals believe to be inherently true, rather than definitional.
Assessment of regional tumor hypoxia using 18F-fluoromisonidazole and 64Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) positron emission tomography: Comparative study featuring microPET imaging, Po2 probe measurement, autoradiography, and fluorescent microscopy in the R3327-AT and FaDu rat tumor models

Purpose: To compare two potential positron emission tomography (PET) tracers of tumor hypoxia in an animal model. Methods and Materials: The purported hypoxia imaging agents 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) and 64Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) (Cu-ATSM) were compared by serial microPET imaging of Fisher-Copenhagen rats bearing the R3327-AT anaplastic rat prostate tumor. Probe measurements of intratumoral P o 2 were compared with the image data. At the microscopic level, the relationship between the spatial distributions of 64Cu (assessed by digital autoradiography) and tumor hypoxia (assessed by immunofluorescent detection of pimonidazole) was examined. 18F-FMISO and 64Cu-ATSM microPET images were also acquired in nude rats bearing xenografts derived from the human squamous cell carcinoma cell line, FaDu. Results: In R3327-AT tumors, the intratumoral distribution of 18F-FMISO remained relatively constant 1–4 h after injection. However, that of 64Cu-ATSM displayed a significant temporal evolution for 0.5–20 h after injection in most tumors. In general, only when 64Cu-ATSM was imaged at later times (16–20 h after injection) did it correspond to the distribution of 18F-FMISO. Oxygen probe measurements were broadly consistent with 18F-FMISO and late 64Cu-ATSM images but not with early 64Cu-ATSM images. At the microscopic level, a negative correlation was found between tumor hypoxia and 64Cu distribution when assessed at early times and a positive correlation when assessed at later times. For the FaDu tumor model, the early and late 64Cu-ATSM microPET images were similar and were in general concordance with the 18F-FMISO scans. Conclusion: The difference in behavior between the R3327-AT and FaDu tumor models suggests a tumor-specific dependence of Cu-ATSM uptake and retention under hypoxic conditions.