cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the limitations of randomization for Queue-Length-Based Scheduling in wireless networks

Randomization is a powerful and pervasive strategy for developing efficient and practical transmission scheduling algorithms in interference-limited wireless networks. Yet, despite the presence of a variety of earlier works on the design and analysis of particular randomized schedulers, there does not exist an extensive study of the limitations of randomization on the efficient scheduling in wireless networks. In this work, we aim to fill this gap by proposing a common modeling framework and three functional forms of randomized schedulers that utilize queue-length information to probabilistically schedule non-conflicting transmissions. This framework not only models many existing schedulers operating under a time-scale separation assumption as special cases, but it also contains a much wider class of potential schedulers that have not been analyzed. Our main results are the identification of necessary and sufficient conditions on the network topology and on the functional forms used in the randomization for throughput-optimality. Our analysis reveals an exponential and a sub-exponential class of functions that exhibit differences in the throughput-optimality. Also, we observe the significance of the network's scheduling diversity for throughput-optimality as measured by the number of maximal schedules each link belongs to. We further validate our theoretical results through numerical studies.
Inhibition of the histone demethylase LSD1 blocks α-herpesvirus lytic replication and reactivation from latency

Reversible methylation of histone tails serves as either a positive signal recognized by transcriptional assemblies or a negative signal that result in repression. Invading viral pathogens that depend upon the host cell's transcriptional apparatus are also subject to the regulatory impact of chromatin assembly and modifications. Here we show that infection by the alpha-herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), results in the rapid accumulation of chromatin bearing repressive histone H3 Lys9 methylation. To enable expression of viral immediate early (IE) genes, both viruses use the cellular transcriptional coactivator host cell factor-1 (HCF-1) to recruit the lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) to the viral immediate early promoters. Depletion of LSD1 or inhibition of its activity with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) results in the accumulation of repressive chromatin and a block to viral gene expression. As HCF-1 is a component of the Set1 and MLL1 histone H3 Lys4 methyltransferase complexes, it thus coordinates modulation of repressive H3 Lys9 methylation levels with addition of activating H3 Lys4 trimethylation marks. Strikingly, MAOIs also block the reactivation of HSV from latency in sensory neurons, indicating that the HCF-1 complex is a crucial component of the reactivation mechanism. The results support pharmaceutical control of histone modifying enzymes as a strategy for controlling herpesvirus infections.
Conducting a Hiring Fair Simulation for Teacher Education Candidates

The purpose of this article is to provide a basic review of a hiring simulation fair, and to describe strategies for successfully implementing a similar organized event in a college/university teacher education program in order to better prepare students for the interview process.
On meeting the provisions of the clean air act

A general structure is proposed for determining a set of long-term (multi-year) source control measures which achieve specified levels of air quality for an airshed at least cost. Such a structure is useful in evaluating alternative air pollution abatement strategies from the standpoint of air quality and total cost. The theory is applied to the problem of evaluating sets of control actions over the period 1973-1975 in Los Angeles. Costs of achieving various levels of air quality in Los Angeles over this period are determined.
The Knights of St. Crispin in Massachusetts, 1869–1878

Among the national unions that grew up in the decade after the Civil War none made so great an impression on the public mind during its career as the Knights of St. Crispin. Like all transitional movements, die order combined nostalgia for the past with a daring experimentalism in confronting the cordwainers' problems. Previous histories have neglected its forward-looking aspect, perhaps because the harking back to what was lost was eloquently set forth in publications, while the experiments are found in the practices of local unions, little understood even by those who made them. Only in the perspective of time can we see how much more significant were the actions of the rank and file than the speeches and editorials of tradition-bound leaders.
Structure and dynamics of KH domains from FBP bound to single-stranded DNA

Gene regulation can be tightly controlled by recognition of DNA deformations that are induced by stress generated during transcription. The KH domains of the FUSE-binding protein (FBP), a regulator of c-myc expression, bind in vivo and in vitro to the single-stranded far-upstream element (FUSE), 1,500 base pairs upstream from the c-myc promoter. FBP bound to FUSE acts through TFIIH at the promoter. Here we report the solution structure of a complex between the KH3 and KH4 domains of FBP and a 29-base single-stranded DNA from FUSE. The KH domains recognize two sites, 9-10 bases in length, separated by 5 bases, with KH4 bound to the 5' site and KH3 to the 3' site. The central portion of each site comprises a tetrad of sequence 5'd-ATTC for KH4 and 5'd-TTTT for KH3. Dynamics measurements show that the two KH domains bind as articulated modules to single-stranded DNA, providing a flexible framework with which to recognize transient, moving targets.
A scalable version of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System spectral forecast model

The Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) includes a state-of-the-art spectral forecast model similar to models run at several major operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers around the world. The model, developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Monterey, California, has run operational at the Fleet Numerical Meteorological and Oceanographic Center (FNMOC) since 1982, and most recently is being run on a Cray C90 in a multi-tasked configuration. Typically the multi-tasked code runs on 10 to 15 processors with overall parallel efficiency of about 90%. resolution is T159L30, but other operational and research applications run at significantly lower resolutions. A scalable NOGAPS forecast model has been developed by NRL in anticipation of a FNMOC C90 replacement in about 2001, as well as for current NOGAPS research requirements to run on DOD High-Performance Computing (HPC) scalable systems. The model is designed to run with message passing (MPI). Model design criteria include bit reproducibility for different processor numbers and reasonably efficient performance on fully shared memory, distributed memory, and distributed shared memory systems for a wide range of model resolutions. Results for a wide range of processor numbers, model resolutions, and different vendor architectures are presented. Single node performance has been disappointing on RISC based systems, at least compared to vector processor performance. This is a common complaint, and will require careful re-examination of traditional numerical weather prediction (NWP) model software design and data organization to fully exploit future scalable architectures.
The Yavapai-Mazatzal boundary: A long-lived tectonic element in the lithosphere of southwestern North America

A seismic reflection profile crossing the Jemez lineament in north-central New Mexico images oppositely dipping zones of reflections that converge in the deep crust. We interpret these data as a Paleoproterozoic bivergent orogen, centered on the Jemez lineament, that formed during original Proterozoic crustal assembly by collision of Mazatzal island arcs with Yavapai proto–North American continent at ca. 1.68–1.65 Ga. The two major sets of reflections within the Yavapai-Mazatzal transition boundary dip at 15°–20°, and we interpret them as part of a south-dipping thrust system and as a north-dipping crustal-scale duplex that formed synchronously with the thrust system. The upper crust shows structures recording a succession of tectonic and magmatic events from the Paleoproterozoic to the Holocene. Notable among these structures is a system of nappes that formed during development of the bivergent orogen. Elements of the nappe system are exposed in Rocky Mountain uplifts and have been dated as having formed at 1.68 Ga, at depths of 10 km and at temperatures of >500 °C. We also see continuous bright reflections in the upper part of the middle crust that we associate with basaltic sills that postdate accretion. The data show that the Yavapai-Mazatzal suture is low angle (∼20°), an observation that explains why the boundary between the provinces has previously been so hard to define in the surface geology. The Jemez lineament overlies the root of this bivergent orogen that we also suggest is a Paleoproterozoic zone of weakness that has subsequently acted as a conduit for magmas and a locus of tectonism.
Identification, functional characterization, and regulation of a new cytochrome P450 subfamily, the CYP2Ns.

The screening of liver and heart cDNA libraries from the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus with degenerate oligonucleotide probes to conserved α-helical regions in mammalian P450s resulted in the identification of two cDNAs that together represent a novel P450 subfamily, the CYP2Ns. Northern analysis demonstrated that CYP2N1 transcripts are most abundant in liver and intestine, whereas CYP2N2 mRNAs are most abundant in heart and brain. CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 proteins were co-expressed with NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase in Sf9insect cells, and their ability to metabolize arachidonic acid and xenobiotic substrates was examined. Both CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Epoxidation is highly regio- and enantioselective with preferential formation of (8R,9S)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (optical purities are 91 and 90% for CYP2N1 and CYP2N2, respectively) and (11R,12S)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (optical purities are 92 and 70% for CYP2N1 and CYP2N2, respectively). CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 also catalyze the formation of a variety of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Both P450s have benzphetamineN-demethylase activities but show minimal alkoxyresorufinO-dealkylase activities. To investigate factors affecting CYP2N expression in vivo, CYP2N transcripts were examined following starvation and/or treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. Intestinal CYP2N1 mRNAs decrease in starved and/or phorbol ester-treated fish, whereas intestinal CYP2N2 transcripts decrease only following phorbol ester treatment. Interestingly, cardiac CYP2N2 expression decreases following phorbol ester treatment but increases following starvation. These results demonstrate that members of this novel P450 subfamily encode early vertebrate forms of arachidonic acid catalysts that are widely expressed and are regulated by environmental factors. Given the wealth of information on the functional role of P450-derived arachidonate metabolites in mammals, we postulate that CYP2N1 and CYP2N2 products have similar biological functions in early vertebrates. The identity of the mammalian orthologue(s) of the CYP2Ns remains unknown.
Training the officer of the deck

The need to train people for increasingly complex tasks given diminishing budgets makes simulation-based training attractive in both the commercial and military sectors. Training systems that use virtual environment (VE) technology are potentially both reconfigurable and portable. The same equipment could provide a wide range of simulations at or near the trainees' worksite, letting them train close to home. To explore the potential of VE technology for naval training, the US Navy is sponsoring the Virtual Environment Technology for Training (VETT) program at three Boston sites. The VETT program experiments with VE systems employing visual and audio feedback and haptic interaction (i.e. tactile and kinesthetic/force interactions). The experiments extend from basic research into human psychophysics to the development of human/machine interfaces and computational systems, and applied training. The goal of integrating basic and applied research in this way is to determine the advantages and limitations of VE technology for training. The initial project focuses on naval officers, specifically the officer of the deck on a submarine. >
Remembering the “Life” in Academic Life: Finding a Balance between Work and Personal Responsibilities in the Academy

A senior male faculty member in a political science department discovers that his wife has cancer. She will need to undergo a combination of chemotherapy and radiation treatments over the next six months, treatments that will require her traveling to, and remaining overnight at, a hospital that is a 3-hour drive from the campus. Their only child lives over a thousand miles away.
Seasonal Use and Selection of Caves by Plethodontid Salamanders in a Karst Area of Arkansas

Abstract From December 1998 through May 2000, seasonal use and selection of caves by salamanders were documented in 93 small caves in Crawford County, Arkansas. Caves were surveyed seasonally between winter 1998–1999 and spring 2000, and the numbers and species of all salamanders present were documented. Cave ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded. Also, each cave entrance was georeferenced using GPS (Global Positioning System) and landscape-level variables around each entrance were quantified using ArcView GIS (Geographic Information System) data layers. Using salamander and ArcView data, relations between salamander occurrence based upon landscape-level variables (dominant overstory vegetation, geology, slope, aspect, solar radiation and distance to perennial stream) and cave characteristics (ambient temperature, relative humidity, cave length and entrance size) were examined. Six species of salamanders were found during the survey. Eurycea lucifuga (cave salamander), Plethodon albagula...
Implementation of an education development project in pathology to improve student competency-lessons learnt

Context: Basic medical sciences and clinical teachings are not coordinated in the present medical education system. They are not taught keeping in mind the outcomes required at the time of actual handling of patients in the community. Aims: An educational development project was implemented in the Department of Pathology with the aim that it will result in the student learning to link the pathophysiology of the disease to clinical scenarios and become fully competent for lifelong medical practice. Subjects and Methods: The pathology teaching of the second professional batch was modified by starting with defining the desired outcomes/competencies in the student's knowledge, skills, and attitude which were then addressed by lectures, demonstrations, practical classes and small group activities where case scenarios and laboratory reports were included. The outcome was assessed by Objectively Structured Clinical/Practical Examination and multiple choice questions. Force field analysis, faculty and student interviews, and questionnaires were used to assess the factors affecting its implementation and impact. Results: Totally 80 students of the 2 nd Professional MBBS were exposed to a competency-based education development project. It was found that the system was appreciated by faculty and students, especially the integration with clinical scenarios. There were many factors which influenced the execution of this program, including motivation level of students and faculty, time, logistics and meticulous planning. Conclusions: There was a significant improvement in student's performance and satisfaction. Many factors including prior planning were a major determinant for the success of this education development project.
Experimental Studies of Postmortem Bacterial Invasion in Animals

Discussions concerning the possibility of bacterial invasion of the body within a relatively short time after death have occupied a prominent place in the evaluation of the results of postmortem bacteriologic examination. It is common to speak of postmortem invasion and of agonal invasion whenever bacteria are isolated from tissues and organs at the usual necropsy. In my experience1 bacteria have been isolated from the tissues at autopsy when there was no apparent reason to predict their presence. In order to gather some information on certain factors that might be considered to play a role in the spread of bacteria throughout the body after death, I designed experiments in which suspensions of known bacteria were injected into the various tissues and bodily cavities of dead animals and then an attempt was made to isolate the bacteria from the internal organs at necropsy after the animals were kept at various temperatures for different periods. Obviously, it is of first importance to consider the natural reservoirs in the body, such as the respiratory and intestinal tracts, as possible sources of invasion by bacteria. Therefore, observations were made on animals into which no bacteria were injected, the conditions of the experiment otherwise being the same.
Cerebral Vascularity and Performance on an Abbreviated Vigilance Task

Transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) and transcranial cerebral oximetry (TCCO) measures of blood flow and oxygenization levels in the brain were collected while observers performed an abbreviated 12 min vigilance task designed by Temple et al. (2000) to serve as an analog to more traditional long-duration vigils. Both measures showed higher levels of cerebral vascular activity in the right as compared to the left cerebral hemisphere indicating that the overall level of performance in the abbreviated vigil is right-lateralized, a finding that coincides with the outcome of earlier blood flow studies featuring more traditional long-duration vigils. This parallel provides strong support for Temple et al's (2000) argument that the abbreviated vigil is a valid analog of more traditional long-duration vigilance tasks and implies that laterality in vigilance is a generalized effect in terms of cerebral vascular dynamics that appears in terms of both blood oxygenation and hemovelocity.
Co-designing Scientific Software: Hackathons for Participatory Interface Design

Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with classifying organisms. Taxonomic work entails a range of complex human-computer and human-information interactions, which are under-supported by current software environments, partially because taxonomic software is largely built through ad hoc collaborations by taxonomists themselves. This results in poor user experience and difficult-to-use tools. Here we describe an interface design Hackathon held as part of the NSF-funded Transforming Taxonomic Interfaces project. We brought taxonomists, software developers, and information scientists together to rapidly prototype new interfaces. Taxonomists quickly took to paper prototyping, and produced a number of promising designs. Emergent themes and findings relevant to the HCI community are described herein.
Comparison of Borehole Ultrasound and borehole radar in evaluating the length of two unknown bridge foundations

Foundation length is an important parameter when assessing bridge vulnerability to failures related to scour hazards. As a result, multiple non-destructive testing methods have been developed to evaluate the geometry of unknown foundations, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Subsurface methods that rely on measurements from boreholes alongside the foundation are often the most robust when evaluating foundation length, particularly for complex foundations (e.g. footings supported on piles). In this study, such a system was developed to evaluate the length of foundations at two bridge sites in Philadelphia using ultrasound acoustic waves (i.e. P-waves). Characteristics of the foundations and the site conditions are summarised as well as the ultrasound system components. The system was lowered in a borehole alongside each foundation as 100 kHz P-waves were generated to develop a reflection image of the pile–soil interface. Foundation length was evaluated based on discontinuity of the reflected...
The rationale for precise management of distal radius fractures

Fractures of the distal radius continue to be one of the most common skeletal injuries treated by orthopedic or trauma surgeons. These injuries account for one sixth of all fractures seen and treated in emergency rooms. The rapid expansion of knowledge regarding the functional anatomy of the hand and wrist, the recognition by treating physicians of the ever increasing functional demands of senior citizens, and improved methodologies of achieving and maintaining anatomic restoration of these fractures have generated a renewed interest in addressing these fractures in a more precise manner.
Model selection and assessment for multi-species occupancy models

While multi-species occupancy models (MSOMs) are emerging as a popular method for analyzing biodiversity data, formal checking and validation approaches for this class of models have lagged behind. Concurrent with the rise in application of MSOMs among ecologists, a quiet regime shift is occurring in Bayesian statistics where predictive model comparison approaches are experiencing a resurgence. Unlike single-species occupancy models that use integrated likelihoods, MSOMs are usually couched in a Bayesian framework and contain multiple levels. Standard model checking and selection methods are often unreliable in this setting and there is only limited guidance in the ecological literature for this class of models. We examined several different contemporary Bayesian hierarchical approaches for checking and validating MSOMs and applied these methods to a freshwater aquatic study system in Colorado, USA, to better understand the diversity and distributions of plains fishes. Our findings indicated distinct differences among model selection approaches, with cross-validation techniques performing the best in terms of prediction.
The Effectiveness of Ultra-Low Magnitude Reinforcers: Findings From a “Real-World” Application of Contingency Management

Abstract Background Research has consistently found contingency management (CM) to be an effective tool in increasing desired patient behaviors in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Despite the strong evidence for the effectiveness of this intervention, practical issues and the cost of implementing CM in treatment programs have been significant barriers to adoption. Objectives To evaluate the impact of a CM program designed and implemented by university-affiliated methadone clinic staff to increase patient group attendance. The CM program consisted of a weekly raffle for patients attending clinician-led group counseling and/or in-clinic Methadone Anonymous (MA) groups in which slips with patient ID#s were entered and one ID slip was drawn per week with a fee credit for a dose of methadone ($15) as the prize. Methods The CM program continued for 12 months. Group attendance was tracked before, during, and after CM implementation as part of ongoing clinic service utilization monitoring. Results Following the implementation of CM, attendance at any clinician-led or MA groups increased significantly from baseline to month 1 (X 2 =5.78, p 2 =20.27, p 2 =11.21, p 2 =14.73; p Conclusions A low-cost, simple CM intervention implemented by clinic staff was associated with significant increases in the target behavior of increasing group attendance.
Conceptualization of Sport-Confidence and Competitive Orientation: Preliminary Investigation and Instrument Development

An interactional, sport-specific model of self-confidence was developed in which sport-confidence was conceptualized into trait (SC-trait) and state (SC-state) components. A competitive orientation construct was also included in the model to account for individual differences in defining success in sport. In order to test the relationship represented in the conceptual model, an instrument to measure SC-trait (Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory or TSCI), an instrument to measure SC-state (State Sport-Confidence Inventory or SSCI), and an instrument to measure competitive orientation (Competitive Orientation Inventory or COI) were developed and validated. Validation procedures included five phases of data collection involving 666 high school, college, and adult athletes. All three instruments demonstrated adequate item discrimination, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, and concurrent validity. In the construct validation phase, the results supported several predictions based on t...
The Ramifications of the Gilmer Decision for Firm Profitability

The impact of Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp., was assessed by examining the effect of the decision on shareholder returns in two samples of firms. Shareholder returns of securities firms rose between 5% and 6% in response to the decision, indicating that firms in the securities industry benefited substantially from being able to require that their employees arbitrate all employment related disputes. The results were less clear in a sample of firms in financial services industries. This indicates that the effects of Gilmer on the nonunion sector in general are more ambiguous.
Mechanisms and utility of discrete great arterial potentials in the ablation of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias.

Background— Outflow tract ventricular tachycardia originating above the semilunar valves has been reported in a small number of studies. Discrete potentials in the great arteries (above the semilunar valves) have been rarely described in patients undergoing electrophysiology evaluation and radiofrequency ablation for ventricular arrhythmias. The mechanisms of these discrete potentials in the great arteries and the utility of such potentials in guiding radiofrequency ablation are unknown. Methods and Results— Twelve patients with outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia originating above the semilunar valves with discrete arterial potentials were studied. The clinical characteristics, properties of the arterial potentials, electrophysiological evaluation and ablation, and short- and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Of the twelve patients, 8 (67%) were women. The patients’ average age was 41±14 years. The average ejection fraction was 0.52±0.16 (range: 0.16 to 0.75). Contact mapping in the great artery demonstrated discrete near-field electrograms that were separate from far-field ventricular electrograms in all patients (8 above the pulmonary valve and in 4 the aortic valve). One or more of the following electrophysiological characteristics, supportive of an arrhythmogenic substrate, were observed in 10 of 12 patients: (1) A fixed or reproducibly variable pattern of discrete potential–ventricular arrhythmia relationship was present at baseline or during pacing; (2) the discrete potential–ventricular electrogram relationship during sinus rhythm was the reverse of that during the ventricular arrhythmia; (3) during sustained ventricular tachycardia, spontaneous variation of the ventricular (V-V) cycle length was preceded by a similar variation of arterial spike potential–spike potential cycle length; and (4) ablation guided by the discrete arterial potential successfully eliminated the clinical arrhythmia. Ablation was successful in these patients. In the remaining 2 patients, the potentials were believed to be bystanders. Over 10±4 months (range: 5 to 32 months) of follow-up, there have been no recurrences of the premature ventricular complex or ventricular arrhythmia. Conclusions— Discrete potentials are present in the great arteries of a select group of patients with outflow tract ventricular tachycardia originating above the semilunar valves. When an arrhythmogenic relationship can be demonstrated, discrete potentials are useful in guiding ablation within the great vessels, despite significant anatomic complexity. Received November 3, 2007; accepted December 24, 2007. # CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE {#article-title-2}
Magnetic fusion energy heating development plan

The future for neutral beam plasma heating is somewhat more cloudy than at the time of the last symposium. While considerable technical progress is evident, competition from Radio Frequency (RF) heating poses a challenge. Present plans to meet this challenge are presented. The US program is concentrating its efforts on a proof‐of‐principle demonstration effort with subsequent application to upgrades of Mirror Fusion Test Facility‐B (MFTF‐B) and possibly to Tokamak Fusion Core Experiment (TFCX).
Head Injury Research: Experimental Studies

In retrospect, the experimental research carried out in head injury had the biomechanical objectives that were outlined in Chap. 1 (Sect. 1.6) although they were not clearly explained until much later. The research began with the work of Gurdjian and associates in the mid-1950s followed by the work of Ommaya and associates. The purpose of their work was to try to understand the mechanisms of brain injury. Suffering from the lack of what we now call modern technology, the researchers used head acceleration and intracranial pressure as possible parameters that might be able to explain how the brain is injured. These were the only measurable parameters available at the time, and they were used to try to explain how brain injury occurs. Out of that research came the two competing theories of brain injury—the linear and angular acceleration mechanisms.
Assimilating Weather Data into a Digital Event Gazetteer of Airborne Parachute Operations during the French Indochina War

AbstractModern datasets cataloging historical events, known as digital event gazetteers, feature spatiotemporal data regarding events that enable analysis through parameters including location and other descriptive information of those events. Weather and climate data represent two dimensions of spatiotemporal information, which can enhance understanding of historical events. A recently published digital event gazetteer of airborne parachute operations [operations aeroportees (OAPs)] during and prior to the French Indochina War, spanning from 1945 to 1954, represents an opportunity to associate discrete historical events with weather information. This study outlines a methodology for assimilating weather data into the construct of a digital event gazetteer and then demonstrates example analyses of how the weather and climate conditions in Indochina may relate to OAPs during the war.A synoptic classification, utilizing the self-organizing maps procedure, is performed using daily mean sea level pressure dat...
Magic angle spinning NMR below 6 K with a computational fluid dynamics analysis of fluid flow and temperature gradients.

Abstract We report magic angle spinning (MAS) up to 8.5 kHz with a sample temperature below 6 K using liquid helium as a variable temperature fluid. Cross polarization 13C NMR spectra exhibit exquisite sensitivity with a single transient. Remarkably, 1H saturation recovery experiments show a 1H T1 of 21 s with MAS below 6 K in the presence of trityl radicals in a glassy matrix. Leveraging the thermal spin polarization available at 4.2 K versus 298 K should result in 71 times higher signal intensity. Taking the 1H longitudinal relaxation into account, signal averaging times are therefore predicted to be expedited by a factor of >500. Computer assisted design (CAD) and finite element analysis were employed in both the design and diagnostic stages of this cryogenic MAS technology development. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models describing temperature gradients and fluid flow are presented. The CFD models bearing and drive gas maintained at 100 K, while a colder helium variable temperature fluid stream cools the center of a zirconia rotor. Results from the CFD were used to optimize the helium exhaust path and determine the sample temperature. This novel cryogenic experimental platform will be integrated with pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization and electron decoupling to interrogate biomolecular structure within intact human cells.
Deciphering the mechanism of O 2 reduction with electronically tunable non-heme iron enzyme model complexes

A homologous series of electronically tuned 2,2',2''-nitrilotris(N-arylacetamide) pre-ligands (H3LR ) were prepared (R = NO2, CN, CF3, F, Cl, Br, Et, Me, H, OMe, NMe2) and some of their corresponding Fe and Zn species synthesized. The iron complexes react rapidly with O2, the final products of which are diferric mu-oxo bridged species. The crystal structure of the oxidized product obtained from DMA solutions contain a structural motif found in some diiron proteins. The mechanism of iron mediated O2 reduction was explored to the extent that allowed us to construct an empirically consistent rate law. A Hammett plot was constructed that enabled insightful information into the rate-determining step and hence allows for a differentiation between two kinetically equivalent O2 reduction mechanisms.
Sulfones and Sulfoximines

Sulfones are compounds in which the sulfur atom is bonded to two carbon atoms and two terminal oxygens in a tetrahedral arrangement, which is easily deformable.1 The sulfonyl moiety probably is a hydrid of the forms shown below.4
Behavioral Regulation of Biochemical and Physiological Properties of Identified Neurons

It is generally accepted that behavioral changes resulting from experience (e.g., learning) will be reflected in the nervous system in the form of physiological, morphological, and biochemical modifications (Glassman, 1969; Horn et al., 1973). However, there are a number of difficulties in attempting to bridge the gap between the expectation and the reality of correlating behavioral changes with physico-chemical changes in the nervous system (see Horn et al., 1973; for a critical discussion of these problems). While the intrinsic heterogeneity of the vertebrate nervous system has been effectively overcome by the electrophysiologist’s use of “single unit” recordings (see Hubel; Blakemore; this volume), no equivalent approach has been developed for correlative biochemical studies of the nervous system. Furthermore, since the normal adaptive behaviors of most animals are quite complex, and are associated with a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous variables (e.g., multiple sensory inputs, inhibitory and excitatory synaptic interactions, spontaneous electrical activity, and hormonal influences), it is not surprising that the biochemical analysis of behavioral modifications has been slow in its advance.
Effects of Inclusion of Relatives in DNA Databases: Empirical Observations from 13K SNPs in Hap-Map Population Data

Abstract Genome-wide panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) yield a wealth of information that are currently used primarily for detecting genes underlying complex disease phenotypes and quantitative phenotypes. In principle SNPs offer certain operational advantages over short tandem repeats (STRs) for use in human identification. Due to their bi-allelic nature, Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) and lower mutation rate screening of informative SNPs for designing the SNP panel for human forensic identification is a crucial task. Until recently, the screening criteria implemented by researchers vastly ignored the issue of selecting related or unrelated individuals of a population. However, researchers have shown advantages and disadvantages of both type of designing in several ways. In this chapter we have analyzed genome-wide highly polymorphic 13k SNPs of two HapMap populations, e.g., Caucasian and Yoruba, to investigate the extent of basic information that could accumulate by using related or unrelated individuals of same population. Our analysis reveals that Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and allele frequency do not change by using related or unrelated individuals. The use of related individuals also do not provide much extended Linkage Disequilibrium information compared to unrelated individuals of same population. However, allele and genotype sharing significantly differs from related to unrelated individuals. These findings could have a great importance in screening informative SNPs for designing human identification panels.
Investigating the Emotional Context of Pediatric Critical Care Telemedicine Consultations

Patient-present physician-to-physician telemedicine consultations have been shown to be effective, yet diffusion is not widespread. While much prior research has investigated how computer anxiety affects acceptance and usage of telemedicine and other systems, few prior studies have addressed the impact of situational anxiety (e.g., anxiety caused by the stress of treating a critically-ill child under time pressure) or other emotions on telemedicine acceptance and ongoing use. We report on findings from an embedded-cases study of four hospitals that participate in a telemedicine consultation service provided by a rural tertiary-care hospital. Interviews revealed that telemedicine can help clinicians cope with emotions such as anxiety, grief, and anger that arise from the high-stakes pediatric critical care context. Study findings point to design principles for telemedicine and for collaborative systems in other domains, in and beyond health care.
Syndrome of Ectopic ACTH Hypersecretion

Although the development of bilateral adrenocortical hyperfunction in the setting of a nonendocrine tumor had been reported in the medical literature on numerous occasions in the first half of the twentieth century it was not until 1962 that evidence for direct secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from such tumors was documented. Ectopic (that is, nonpituitary) ACTH production accounts for about 10–15% of cases of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. A variety of tumor types have been reported; most are tumors of the lung, pancreas and thymus. The lung tumors include both malignancies (chiefly small cell lung cancer, which has been reported to account for up to 50% of cases of ectopic ACTH syndrome in some centers) as well as benign bronchial carcinoid tumors, which account for an increasing proportion of cases. Among patients with small cell lung cancer, only about 2–5% have clinically apparent hypercortisolism from ectopic ACTH-producion. Thymic and gastrointestinal tract carcinoid tumors, pancreatic islet cell tumors, medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, and pheochromocytomas also each account for a small percentage of the recognized cases of nonpituitary ACTH production.
Improving understanding about dental health issues in college students.

Good oral health has been shown to be an important facet of overall well-being. Optimal oral health is achieved through routine daily self-care, proper diet, and regular prevention visits to a dent...
Remaining challenges in predicting patient outcomes for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is an aggressive malignancy with heterogeneous outcomes. Diverse methods for DLBCL outcomes assessmen...
Hierarchically porous metal–organic frameworks: synthetic strategies and applications

Despite numerous advantages, applications of conventional microporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hampered by their limited pore sizes, such as in heterogeneous catalysis and guest delivery, which usually involve large molecules. Construction of hierarchically porous MOFs (HP-MOFs) is vital to achieve the controllable augmentation of MOF pore size to mesopores or even macropores, which can enhance the diffusion kinetics of guests and improve the storage capacity. This review article focuses on recent advances in the methodology of HP-MOF synthesis, covering preparation of HP-MOFs with intrinsic hierarchical pores, and modulated, templated and template-free synthetic strategies for HP-MOFs. The key factors which affect the formation of HP-MOF architectures are summarized and discussed, followed by a brief review of their applications in heterogeneous catalysis and guest encapsulation. Overall, this review presents a roadmap that will guide the future design and development of HP-MOF materials with molecular precision and mesoscopic complexity.
Headwater stream condition and nutrient runoff: Relating SWAT to empirical ecological measures in an agricultural watershed in Pennsylvania.

Managing nonpoint sources of nutrients and sediments is the primary challenge for improving conditions in the Susquehanna-Chesapeake basin. Aquatic macroinvertebrates are widely used indicators of stream ecological integrity, but the relationship between nutrient runoff and macroinvertebrate response remains indistinct. Logistical and financial hurdles hinder collection of high-resolution empirical nutrient data, but landscape-based models like the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) offer a more practical approach. Nutrient runoff was simulated with SWAT for a small, upland, agricultural Pennsylvania watershed. Three levels of ecological assessment were used to interpret SWAT results. Macroinvertebrate communities (intensive) were sampled at 14 sites and described using an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). Biological integrity was moderately degraded in many reaches. The Stream-Wetland-Riparian (SWR) Index (rapid) and landscape metrics (remote) also indicated prevalent agricultural stressors. Baseflow nitrate grab samples, collected once per season, showed no significant relationship with IBI score. Thirty spatiotemporal scales of nutrient data were extracted from SWAT for phosphorus, nitrate, and organic nitrogen. Best subsets regression was performed on IBI scores using SWAT, land cover, and SWR variables. Results were significant (p < .001) with high R2 values (84.8 and 86.2), signifying a negative relationship between instream nutrient concentration and IBI score. This study demonstrates the viability of SWAT as an alternative to in-field nutrient sampling, the value of spatiotemporal scale in model outputs, and the importance of site condition variables in relating nutrients to stream ecological health.
Thickness dependence of electronic structure and optical properties of a correlated van der Waals antiferromagnetic NiPS 3 thin film

We study the thickness dependence of the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of a ${\mathrm{NiPS}}_{3}$ thin film, which is an antiferromagnetic charge-transfer insulator. Utilizing state-of-the-art advanced density functionals, we find the antiferromagnetic zigzag order, the band gap, and the main peaks in the dielectric tensor are all in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Upon thinning, the zigzag antiferromagnetic order becomes virtually degenerate with a competing N\'eel order, consistent with the suppression of long-range order observed by Raman spectroscopy due to strong magnetic fluctuations. Additionally, due to the robustness of the electronic band gap observed by spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements above ${T}_{N}$, we suggest that the persistence of the band gap is driven by strong electronic correlations. Other systematic changes in electronic dispersion, effective mass, and Kerr angle with thickness are also discussed. Finally, an applied external electric field is found to suppress the band gap by up to 13%, until precipitating an insulator-metal transition at a critical field value of $0.7$ eV/\AA{}.
Verbal fluency as a measure of lexical access and cognitive control in bilingual persons with aphasia.

Background: Lexical access in bilinguals can be influenced by the demands that different interactional contexts pose on cognitive control processes. However, how varying cognitive control demands i...
Pedestrian Inertial Navigation System Augmented by Vision-Based Foot-to-foot Relative Position Measurements

In this paper, we investigate how self-contained pedestrian navigation can be augmented by the use of foot-to-foot visual observations. The main contribution is a measurement model that uses Zero velocity UpdaTe (ZUPT) and relative position measurements between the two shoes obtained from shoe-mounted feature patterns and cameras. This measurement model provides directly the compensation measurements for the three position states and three velocity states of a pedestrian. The involved features for detection are independent of surrounding environments, thus, the proposed system has a constant computational complexity in any context. The performance of the proposed system was compared to a standalone ZUPT method and a relative-distance-aided ZUPT method. Simulation results showed an improvement in accumulated navigation errors by over 90%. Real-world experiments were conducted, exhibiting a maximum improvement of 85% in accumulated errors, verifying validity of the approach.
How long after maximal physical exertion should baseline computerized neurocognitive testing and symptom assessment be administered

Objective: Prior research suggests maximal physical exertion (MPE) may negatively affect the reliability and validity of computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT); the purpose of this study was to ...
Low Background Operation of Gallium-Doped Germanium Photoconductors

Gallium-doped germanium detectors for use at wavelengths as long as 130 μm have been tested with low optical backgrounds characteristic of the space environment. These tests were performed in order to determine the limits on the performance of well-behaved submillimeter photoconductors for space use.
Compositional Analysis of Interconnected Systems Using Delta Dissipativity

This letter extends the notion of delta dissipativity, originally introduced in a game theoretic context, to general interconnections of dynamical systems. The main contribution of this letter is a compositionality result that presents conditions under which a large-scale interconnection of delta dissipative systems is delta dissipative. We adapt this result to also analyze stability and asymptotic stability of equilibrium points for the interconnection. Additionally, we formulate a sum-of-squares program for verifying delta dissipativity of a (polynomial) system. The results are illustrated with examples.
Understanding colorectal twitter: A comparison of its highest and lowest rank influencers.

Abstract The distribution of content related to colorectal surgery in social media is steadily increasing. Social media influencers possess large audiences and are frequently viewed as authority; however, their credibility is often unchecked. In our commentary we present our analysis and comparison of the most and least influential accounts on Twitter within the field of colorectal surgery. Additionally, we discuss the current literature, role and importance of social media for the modern surgeon.
A generalization of a theorem of Nash-Williams

In 1972, Chvatal gave a well-known sufficient condition for a graphical sequence to be forcibly hamiltonian, and showed that in some sense his condition is best possible. Nash-Williams gave examples of forcibly hamiltonian n-sequences that do not satisfy Chvatla's condition for every n at least 5. In this note we generalize the Nash-Williams examples, and use this generalization to generate \Omega(2^n/n^.5) forcibly hamiltonian n-sequences that do not satisfy Chvatal's condition