cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concussion history influences sleep disturbances, symptoms, and quality of life in collegiate student-athletes.

Abstract Objectives Immediately after experiencing a concussion, many will report the presence of a variety of symptoms, which may include disturbances in sleep. It is possible that these symptoms and other resulting quality of life (QOL) disturbances may persist for some time following a concussion. The purpose of this study was to determine if a history of concussions was related to ongoing sleep disturbances, symptoms, and changes in QOL. Methods Eighty-two student-athletes (club and varsity) completed an online survey to determine concussion history, sleep disturbances, concussion symptoms, and QOL dysfunctions. Separate analyses of variance were performed to determine if sleep disturbances, symptoms, and QOL dysfunctions were related and if they differed based on concussion history (0, 1-2, 3+). Results Those with no concussion history reported fewer sleep disturbances (P = .028), symptoms (P = .029), symptom severity (P = .014), QOL dysfunctions (P = .003), and QOL severity (P = .011) than those who self-reported having had a previous concussion(s). Additionally, the number of sleep disturbances was found to positively correlate with symptoms (P Conclusions The results of the current study demonstrate that concussion history is related to persistent changes in sleep, ongoing symptoms, and QOL dysfunctions and should be considered in concussion management protocols even after return to play and academics has occurred.
Microwave Characterization of Magnetic Nanowires for Use in Nanomedicine Applications

In healthcare, microwave technology has been used in diagnostics and therapy for imaging and ablation for some time. Advances in nanotechnology, however, introduce new opportunities in the microwave field. Nanotechnology advances offers the potential to provide site-specific drug delivery using non-magnetic nanoparticles; whereas magnetic nanoparticles can be used for nano-heating at low RF frequencies. Nanowires can also be used as a tool in nano-medicine and some have unique microwave and millimeter wave properties. Recently, we have shown that magnetic nanowire technology has the potential to be used as biolabels. Each material (Fe, Co, and Ni) has a unique ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) behavior that can be detected in the microwave and millimeter wave regime. Thus, different magnetic nanowire (Fe, Co and Ni) materials can be detected as individual sets of nanowires or as combinations.This talk will highlight research done to characterize the microwave response of different magnetic nanowire materials using vector network analyzer. It will discuss the characterization approach used to determine the FRM of individual magnetic materials and combinations of materials. These experiment are needed to establish a framework for detecting mixtures of nanowires that is promising for use as labels in the study of disease. So far, these characterization methods are the initial steps to developing unique labels that can eventually allow for simultaneous detection of different cell systems. It is also the first step to enabling development of a parallelized bio-label system approach with magnetic nanowires.
A Stand-Alone Intraoral Tongue-Controlled Computer Interface for People With Tetraplegia

The intraoral Tongue Drive System (iTDS) is an embedded wireless tongue-operated assistive technology developed for people with tetraplegia to provide them a higher level of independence in performing daily living tasks, such as accessing computers, smartphones, and driving wheelchairs. The iTDS was built as an arch-shaped dental retainer hermetically sealed and placed in the buccal shelf area of the mouth, completely hidden from sight. To provide high level of comfort, the iTDS is customized based on the users’ oral anatomy to stably fix onto the lower teeth. We have presented a standalone version of the iTDS, capable of recognizing tongue gestures/commands by processing raw magnetic sensor data with a built-in pattern recognition algorithm in real time. The iTDS then sends the commands out in 10-b packets through a custom-designed high-gain intraoral antenna at 2.4 GHz to an external receiver. To evaluate the standalone iTDS performance, four subjects performed a computer access task by issuing random tongue commands over five sessions. Subjects completed 99.2% of the commands, and achieved an information transfer rate of 150.1 b/min. Moreover, a new typing method, designed specifically for the iTDS, resulted in typing at a rate of 3.76 words/min and error rate of 2.23%.
Percutaneous computed tomography guided biopsy of sub-solid pulmonary nodules: differentiating solid from ground glass components at the time of biopsy

Abstract Introduction This study assessed (i) the ability to identify the solid components of part-solid nodules (PSN) during computed tomography (CT) guided lung biopsy (CTGLB), (ii) the ability of CTGLB to assess the invasive nature of a nodule on pathology. Materials and methods Sixty-nine nodules were studied in 68 patients who underwent CTGLB between 1/1/2014 and 10/31/2015. Diagnostic CT images and CTGLB images were reviewed. On diagnostic CT images, nodules were classified as ground glass nodules (GGN) or PSNs. Nodule size, location, and percentage of solid component were recorded. At the time of biopsy, the ability to visualize the solid component of a PSN, depth of lesion from skin, and ability to identify the needle within the solid component were recorded. Results There were 42 (61%) part-solid nodules and 27 (39%) GGNs. During biopsy, it was possible to differentiate the solid from the ground glass components in 35 (83%) PSNs. Fifty-nine (86%) nodules were neoplastic based on biopsy pathology (all non-small cell lung carcinoma). Thirty-nine (66%) were resected. In all cases biopsy pathology and surgical pathology agreed regarding the presence of lung carcinoma. In 6 (15%) cases biopsy pathology demonstrated purely lepidic growth but had some non-lepidic growth on surgical pathology, including 2 cases with acinar growth as a dominant pattern. Conclusion In most patients, the solid and ground glass components of a PSN were distinguishable when performing a CTGLB. In a minority of patients, discrepancy was noted between biopsy pathology and surgical pathology regarding the invasive nature of a nodule.
Continuous Closed-Loop 4-Degree-of-Freedom Holdable Haptic Guidance

Haptic guidance can be beneficial for aiding or training human users in many applications, such as teleoperation, rehabilitation, and navigation. Existing world-grounded haptic devices can provide effective multi-degree-of-freedom movement guidance. Wearable or holdable haptic devices can enable larger workspaces and unencumbered movement, but their use in guidance beyond one or two degrees of freedom has been limited. A holdable haptic device, called the Pantogripper, was previously presented in a study demonstrating its intuitive, directional guidance cues in four separate degrees of freedom. Here, using the same device, we present a controller for providing continuous closed-loop guidance for path following. In a human study, participants followed translation and rotation guidance from the device to successfully traverse three 3D paths with either no visual feedback or only a visual preview of the paths. Results indicate promise for holdable haptic devices to effectively provide high-degree-of-freedom movement guidance when visual guidance is unavailable or unsuitable.
Use of Virtual Reality to Assess Dynamic Posturography and Sensory Organization: Instrument Validation Study

Background: The Equitest system (Neurocom) is a computerized dynamic posturography device used by health care providers and clinical researchers to safely test an individual’s postural control. While the Equitest system has evaluative and rehabilitative value, it may be limited owing to its cost, lack of portability, and reliance on only sagittal plane movements. Virtual reality (VR) provides an opportunity to reduce these limitations by providing more mobile and cost-effective tools while also observing a wider array of postural characteristics. Objective: This study aimed to test the plausibility of using VR as a feasible alternative to the Equitest system for conducting a sensory organization test. Methods: A convenience sample of 20 college-aged healthy individuals participated in the study. Participants completed the sensory organization test using the Equitest system as well as using a VR environment while standing atop a force plate (Bertec Inc). The Equitest system measures the equilibrium index. During VR trials, the estimated equilibrium index, 95% ellipse area, path length, and anterior-posterior detrended fluctuation analysis scaling exponent alpha were calculated from center of pressure data. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between the equilibrium index and center of pressure–derived balance measures. Intraclass correlations for absolute agreement and consistency were calculated to compare the equilibrium index and estimated equilibrium index. Results: Intraclass correlations demonstrated moderate consistency and absolute agreement (0.5 < intraclass correlation coefficient < 0.75) between the equilibrium index and estimated equilibrium index from the Equitest and VR sensory organization test (SOT), respectively, in four of six tested conditions. Additionally, weak to moderate correlations between force plate measurements and the equilibrium index were noted in several of the conditions. Conclusions: This research demonstrated the plausibility of using VR as an alternative method to conduct the SOT. Ongoing development and testing of virtual environments are necessary before employing the technology as a replacement to current clinical tests.
Central Nervous System Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors

In 1910, James Homer Wright (of Homer Wright rosette fame) first separated the medulloblastoma from other CNS tumors. His concept was further refined by Percival Bailey, who defined a group of 29 tumors arising in the cerebellar vermis, primarily in children. Following the lead of the nineteenth century German pathology school, where tumors were named based on the concept of a cell of origin, Bailey named these tumors medulloblastomas. The cell of origin model then continued to be used in CNS tumor nomenclature, leading to the definition of a variety of “embryonal” tumors of the nervous system. This nomenclatural system is predicated on the assertion by the late Dr. Lucien Rubenstein that the central nervous system contains several unique types of neuroepithelial precursor cells in different locations which may undergo transformation giving rise to a variety of morphologically similar, but biologically distinct, CNS tumors (1). In 1973, Hart and Earle described a group of small round blue cell tumors of the central nervous system in children and introduced the diagnostic appellation “primitive neuroectodermal tumor” (PNET) (2). Dr. Lucy Rorke subsequently suggested that the term be broadened to include all primary CNS tumors composed of primitive neuroepithelial cells regardless of their location within the CNS. The codification of these previously disparate entities into a unique class of tumors is eloquently supported in her recent review (3)
Enhanced Subsurface Subsidence Prediction Model Incorporating Key Strata Theory

Subsurface strata movements and deformations associated with longwall mining operations in underground coal mines could cause various disturbances to subsurface mine structures, ground water bodies, and coalbed methane reservoirs. In order to assess those disturbances correctly and to design effective and efficient mitigation measures, it is necessary to develop an accurate prediction model for subsurface strata movements and deformations. Decades of research have demonstrated that variations of stratification and lithology in the overburden have significant influence on the subsurface strata movements and deformations during ground subsidence process. The key strata theory states that the thick and hard key strata serve as the backbone of the overburden and control the movements of the thin and soft weak strata located above them. From an engineering standpoint, the overburden strata are subdivided into several individual groups by the key strata with each group consisting of a key layer at the bottom and weak layers overlying it. A new subsurface subsidence prediction model considering the key strata effects on subsurface strata movements and deformations has been proposed. In this method, elastic modulus, specific weight, tensile strength, and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of each layer are used to identify the key layers and to determine the needed subsurface subsidence parameters. The influence function method, proven to be accurate and versatile for surface subsidence prediction, was employed to predict the subsidence on each of the overburden layers from mining horizon progressively upward to ground surface with the assumption that the predicted subsidence on a given layer serves as the subsidence source for the layer immediately above. The enhanced subsurface subsidence prediction model has been demonstrated with an actual case to show its applicability and improvement.
The Chalkboard: Electrical Techniques for the Characterization of Dielectric Films

The science and technology of dielectric materials—a strong topic in physics, chemistry, and electrical engineering—has been pursued for well over 100 years. At present, dielectric materials have wide applications throughout the electronics, microwave, communication, and aerospace industries. Silicon dioxide has been the most significant and ubiquitous dielectric for several decades.
From backwoods to boardrooms: The rise of institutional investment in timberland, ISBN 9780870711428, Daowei Zhang. Oregon State University Press, 2021. 280 p

Abstract Timberland ownership in the world, especially in the United States, has experienced significant changes in the past few decades. In this commentary, I reviewed a recently published book by Daowei Zhang under this theme. The book examined the driving forces of institutional timberland investment by compiling a number of landmark events through corporate reports and interviews with major parties involved. This helps us better understand the motivation, synergy, corporate strategy, competition, financing structure, organizational arrangement, broad impact of the ownership shift. The book also compared returns of timberland investment management organizations and real estate investment trusts, and provided an outlook of future research in timberland investment. As a summary, I positioned the book in the current literature of timberland investment and elaborated some lines of subsequent research.
Force Generation in Molecular Motors

Originally published in: Molecular Motors. Edited by Manfred Schliwa. Copyright © 2003 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30594-0 The sections in this article are Introduction A Brief Description of ATP Synthase Structure The F1 Motor: A Power Stroke The F0 Motor: A Brownian Ratchet A Pure Brownian Ratchet A Pure Power Stroke Coupling and Coordination of Motors Measures of Efficiency Discussion Appendix: Example Models to Illustrate the Difference between Ratchets and Power Strokes Example 1: A power stroke without Brownian fluctuations Example 2: A power stroke with Brownian fluctuations Example 3: A Brownian ratchet that biases fluctuations Example 4: A Brownian ratchet that rectifies fluctuations A Closer Look at Binding Free Energy Keywords: protein motors; ATP synthase; F1 motor; F0 motor; Brownian ratchet
Breaking bad: manipulation of the host response by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Recent metagenomic and mechanistic studies are consistent with a new model of periodontal pathogenesis. This model proposes that periodontal disease is initiated by a synergistic and dysbiotic microbial community rather than by a select few bacteria traditionally known as “periopathogens.” Low-abundance bacteria with community-wide effects that are critical for the development of dysbiosis are now known as keystone pathogens, the best-documented example of which is Porphyromonas gingivalis. Here, we review established mechanisms by which P. gingivalis interferes with host immunity and enables the emergence of dysbiotic communities. We integrate the role of P. gingivalis with that of other bacteria acting upstream and downstream in pathogenesis. Accessory pathogens act upstream to facilitate P. gingivalis colonization and co-ordinate metabolic activities, whereas commensals-turned pathobionts act downstream and contribute to destructive inflammation. The recent concepts of keystone pathogens, along with polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis, have profound implications for the development of therapeutic options for periodontal disease.
Differing patterns of antiresorptive pharmacotherapy in nursing facility residents and community dwellers.

Objectives: Little is known about differences between current patterns of antiresorptive therapy (ART) use in nursing facility (NF) residents and by community-dwelling older adults (CDs). ART use was compared in older NF residents and CDs. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: Kansas Medicaid files from May 2000 through April 2001. Participants: Women aged 65 and older having at least 9 months of data as a CD or NF resident. Measurements: Pharmacy claims were used to identify any ART prescription, including hormone replacement therapy (HRT), a bisphosphonate, raloxifene, or calcitonin. Demographic and clinical variables were identified from the claims files. Factors associated with ART use in bivariate analyses were entered into logistic regression models. Similar analyses were performed for bisphosphonate use among non-estrogen replacement therapy (non-ERT) ARTs (excluding HRT). Results: The final study sample (N=2,289) included 898 NF (mean age 85.2) residents and 1,391 CDs (mean age 76.6). CDs were more likely to receive any ART (24.5%) than NF residents (19.6%). After adjustment for potential confounders, NF residents aged 65 to 84 were less likely (odds ratio (OR)=0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.44–0.85) to receive ART than CDs of the same age. Conversely, of those aged 85 and older, NF residents were more likely than CDs to receive ART (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.18–3.25). Calcitonin was the most common non-ERT ART prescribed for NF residents, whereas bisphosphonates were more often prescribed for CDs. Conclusion: Underusage of ART is common in NF and CD cohorts. NF residents are less likely to receive bisphosphonates and more likely to receive calcitonin, for which efficacy is less clear. Further research is needed to identify factors influencing ART prescribing and selection of specific ARTs in different settings.
Using Legal Process to Fight Terrorism: Detentions, Military Commissions, International Tribunals, and the Rule of Law

Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks, those arguing that international law cannot serve as an effective tool in the fight against terrorism have grown. The ranks of international relations realists, who view international law primarily as a cover for strategic interests and thereby as lacking any independent bite, has swelled. In November 2001, President Bush issued an executive order asserting the authority to use military commissions to try individual terrorism suspects captured by the United States. Such commissions would be conducted unilaterally and would not be required to include procedural safeguards to protect the rights of the accused. This crisis has forced us to revisit the question of what the rule of law gets us as a nation and as a people. This article argues that the Administration's treatment of detainees and the military commissions run counter to the rule of law - both domestically, by violating American constitutional protections, and internationally, by flouting established principles of international law. Far from being a straight-jacket that threatens our security, respect for legal process values and international law, will actually best serve our long-term strategic interests in containing terrorism. This article also considers how an international tribunal process could be initiated expeditiously and two alternative "quasi-international" models that have received insufficient consideration thus far. The law skeptics' perspective is also addressed at a more theoretical level, offering some tentative observations about the importance of fair adjudicatory processes despite the fact that societies are always to some degree riven by conflict.
Synthesis of Et2SBr• SbCI5Br and Its Use in Biomimetic Brominative Polyene Cyclizations

Bromine Diethyl sulfide Bromodiethylsulfonium Bromopentachloroantimonate Antimony pentachloride Geraniol Diethyl chlorophosphate Homogeranylbenzene Benzylmagnesium chloride Phenanthrene Keywords: biomimetic brominative polyene cyclizations; electrophilic bromine; chiral bromodialkylsulfonium bromides; terpene-derived substrates; asymmetric bromination reactions
A new FDTD model for lightning generated EM wave simulation

A new full-wave finite-difference time domain method (FDTD) model was developed to simulate lightning-generated electromagnetic wave propagation in the ionosphere. A new PML technique (NPML) is applied in this model, which performs better than the classic PML in this application A numerical method is used to derive the coefficients of FDTD difference equations, Dispersion relations are analyzed to investigate the error of the model and the stability conditions are discussed. Simulation results show the improvement of this new model compared with a previous version.
The Political Lives of Girls

Girls are increasingly being publically celebrated as community leaders, models for ideal citizenship, and central to economic development. Contemporary girlhood is rich with political implications and significance. In this essay, I outline some of the scholarship on the public discourses that idealize girls as model neoliberal citizens and address important findings and contributions from empirical research on the political lives of girls: girls' political beliefs, political socialization, political identities, and their practices of political and civic engagement. There is a growing body of scholarship that suggests that studying the political lives of girls enables and requires a re-thinking of some key concepts in political sociology, including the meaning of politics, of engagement, and of citizenship for different populations. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The effect of initiating pharmacologic insulin on serum uric acid levels in patients with diabetes: a matched cohort analysis.

Objectives Gout is a common inflammatory arthropathy associated with hyperuricemia. Substantial evidence links hyperuricemia to the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Rising serum insulin levels correlate with an increase in serum uric acid (UA). The current study evaluated the effect of pharmacologic insulin on serum UA levels in patients with diabetes.
The relationship between chronic facial pain and a history of trauma and surgery.

Abstract Objective. Because pain is the most commonly reported symptom of patients presenting to temporomandibular disorders clinics, it is important to identify factors that modify the perception or reality of such pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that a patient with a history of trauma and/or non–temporomandibular joint surgery might be sensitized to pain and might report increased pain levels if a temporomandibular disorder later developed. Study design. This was a retrospective study of 778 consecutive patients seen over a 1-year period in an Orofacial Pain Clinic. Study parameters included gender, lifetime number of self-reported traumas, lifetime number of non–temporomandibular joint operations, and location, intensity, frequency, and type of temporomandibular disorder–related pain. Results. There were significantly more women than men in the study (609 to 169). There was no relationship between numbers of previous traumas and non–temporomandibular joint operations and types of temporomandibular disorder. However, there were statistically significant relationships between the severity of facial pain and the frequency of facial pain as well as between the severity and frequency of joint pain and the number of traumas. There were also statistically significant associations between the severity and frequency of facial pain and the number of non-temporomandibular joint–related surgical procedures that the patient had undergone. Conclusions. There is a relationship between a patient’s reported history of trauma and/or non-temporomandibular joint–related operations and the severity and frequency of facial and temporomandibular joint pain, should it develop. It is possible that such traumas and operations sensitize the patient in such a way that the pain of subsequent temporomandibular joint disorders is heightened. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88: 16-21)
Comparison of precious metal doped and impregnated perovskite oxides for TWC application

Abstract Four high-surface-area (50–60 m 2 /g) perovskite-based powder catalysts, Pd-doped LaFeO 3 , Pd-impregnated LaFeO 3 , Rh-doped CaTiO 3 , and Rh-impregnated CaTiO 3 , were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy and CO oxidation measurements in fresh and redox-aged (14 h at 800 °C) states. Both intrinsic catalytic activity and stability were significantly higher in Pd-doped LaFeO 3 than in Rh-doped CaTiO 3 under lean to stoichiometric reaction conditions. Activities of doped were initially lower than impregnated versions, though aging led to convergence in the catalytic performance for both systems. A mixture of metallic and cationic forms of Pd appear to contribute to activity in the Pd catalysts, whereas metallic Rh particles, which can easily segregate onto the surface of CaTiO 3 in Rh-doped CaTiO 3 upon aging, are the likely source of catalytic activity in the Rh catalysts.
Invertebrate hemoglobins and nitric oxide: How heme pocket structure controls reactivity

Hemoglobins (Hbs), generally defined as 5 or 6 coordinate heme proteins whose primary function is oxygen transport, are now recognized to occur in virtually all phyla of living organisms. Historically, study of their function focused on oxygen as a reversibly bound ligand of the ferrous form of the protein. Other diatomic ligands like carbon monoxide and nitric oxide were considered "non-physiological" but useful probes of structure-function relationships in Hbs. This investigatory landscape changed dramatically in the 1980s when nitric oxide was discovered to activate a heme protein, cyclic guanylate cyclase. Later, its activation was likened to Perutz' description of Hb's allosteric properties being triggered by a ligand-dependent "out-of-plane/into-plane" movement of the heme iron. In 1996, a functional role for nitric oxide in human and mammalian Hbs was demonstrated and since that time, the interest in NO as a physiologically relevant Hb ligand has greatly increased. Concomitantly, non-oxygen binding properties of Hbs have challenged the view that Hbs arose for their oxygen storage and transport properties. In this focused review we discuss some invertebrate Hbs' functionally significant reactions with nitric oxide and how strategic positioning of a few residues in the heme pocket plays an large role in the interplay of diatomic ligands to ferrous and ferric heme iron in these proteins.
Depression in attention deficit-disordered and normal children and their parents

Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scores and correlates were examined in 116 ADD and normal children. Results indicated that ADD children and their parents reported higher levels of depression than did their normal counterparts. In normal children, a marginally significant relationship was found between mother's depression and CDI scores. In accord with previous research, no significant relationships were found among IQ, sex, age, or family status and CDI scores. The discussion section within the limitations of the present study, supports the idea of a demoralization syndrome in ADD children and their parents, as discussed by Cantwell and Carlson Although the CDI may be the “best researched” instrument for children's self-reported depression, more systematic research will be needed before adapting the CDI to the clinical setting.
Phase Change Memory and paradigm shift to in-system programming

Phase Change Memory (PCM) has recently gained momentum in the semiconductor industry as a viable alternative to flash memory due to the fact that flash (NOR and NAND) and DRAM memory technologies are expected to encounter scaling difficulties as chip lithography shrinks, and various unique properties PCM offers[1,2]. The PCM cell has been shown to scale down below 10nm as it uses the unique properties of Chalcogenide glass which can be reversibly “switched” between crystalline (low resistance) and amorphous (high resistance) states with application of heat[3]. This unique temperature property, however, will impose a paradigm shift from off-board pre-programming to in-system programming (ISP) in the manufacturing flow. Any code needed to be stored in the PCM has to be programmed after the surface mount technology (SMT) process. There are several methods already employed in the industry that will facilitate this paradigm shift to in-system programming. This paper attempts to consolidate and describe these methods.
Andô–Douglas type characterization of optional projections and predictable projections

Abstract Optional projections and predictable projections of stochastic processes play important roles in the general theory of stochastic processes, semimartingale theory and stochastic calculus. They share some important properties with ordinary conditional expectations and generalized conditional expectations. While the characterization of ordinary conditional expectations and generalized conditional expectations has been studied by several authors, no similar work has been done for optional projections and predictable projections. This paper aims at undertaking this task by giving Ando–Douglas type characterization theorem for both.
Public Sphere and Symbolic Power: ‘Woman’s Voice’ as a Case of Cultural Citizenship

This study discusses Habermas’s notions of ‘public sphere‘ and ‘power’, and suggests a novel approach by complementing Habermas’s limited take on the ‘political’ with Bourdieu’s notion of ‘symbolic power’. To this end, ‘cultural citizenship’ is used as a helpful concept. The study draws on the analysis of a Turkish talk show format ‘woman’s voice’ (WV) and its audience. It is proposed that viewing WV should be considered a political activity. An analysis of women’s first-hand narrations of the domestic and symbolic violence in their lives reveals that many women continue to live under the patriarchal authority of the ‘honour code’ and the Turkish ruling elite have until recently neglected the needs of these women. WV provides a sphere where the needs and problems of these women are discussed for the first time in Turkish broadcasting history. It is shown with examples from field research that WV may potentially create subversive subject-positions among the disadvantaged groups of women, such as rural-urba...
Tight-Binding Corrections of Stopping Powers

Theoretical tight-binding corrections for the stopping-power deficiency of inner-shell electrons at low particle velocities are compared with the experimental data measured by Burkig and MacKenzie for 20-Mev protons and by Bakker and Segr\`e for 300-Mev protons, with the following results. Walske's accurate tight-binding corrections for $K$ and $L$ shells are in complete agreement with experiment under conditions where only $K$ and $L$ shells are stopping-power deficient. If a larger fraction of the electron cloud of heavy atoms is deficient, extrapolations of Walske's corrections beyond their intended validity range underestimate the stopping-power deficiency. The stopping-power deficiency of heavy elements is well described by a cutoff approximation by Lindhard and Scharff of the tight-binding corrections of the statistical atom. "Best" tight-binding corrections are recommended and areas for further theoretical work indicated. After correction for valence and tight-binding effects, the mean excitation potentials ${I}_{0}$ from both sets of experimental data are in mutual agreement. The decrease of $\frac{{I}_{0}}{Z}$ with increasing $Z$ confirms the ${Z}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{2}{3}}$ dependence of the exchange effects in the statistical atom.
The Tissue-Specific, Alternatively Spliced Single ATG Exon of the Type 3 Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel Gene Does Not Create a Truncated Protein Isoform in Vivo

Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are small, integral membrane proteins that traverse the outer mitochondrial membrane and conduct ATP and other small metabolites. They are known to bind several kinases of intermediary metabolism in a tissue-specific fashion, have been found in close association with the adenine nucleotide translocator of the inner mitochondrial membrane, and are hypothesized to form part of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which results in the release of cytochrome c at the onset of apoptotic cell death. VDACs are found throughout all strata of eukaryotic evolution and exhibit biophysical characteristics that are well conserved from yeast to mammals. The mammalian VDAC gene family consists of three isoforms, each of which shares approximately 70% sequence identity with the other two family members. Recently, we reported that a single codon (ATG) exon is alternatively spliced into the transcript of the type 3 voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC3) in a tissue-specific fashion. This unusual splicing event was shown to be conserved between mouse and human, and we theorized that the spliced exon could lead to the creation of an alternative translational initiation site. Here we report that a highly specific polyclonal VDAC3 antibody was unable to detect the truncated protein isoform indicative of this putative downstream start site. From these in vivo studies, we conclude that the alternatively spliced exon results in the insertion of a single methionine residue at amino acid position 39 of the mature VDAC3 protein. Additionally, we have used a cross-species genomic sequence comparison to identify conserved regions that may be involved in the regulation of small exon splicing.
Starch granule formation and protein deposition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) starchy endosperm cells is altered by high temperature during grain fill

High temperatures during wheat grain fill decrease starch and protein levels, adversely affecting wheat yield and flour quality. To determine the effect of high temperature on starchy endosperm cell development, grain (Triticum aestivum L. 'Butte 86') was produced under a 24/17°C or 37/28°C day/night regimen imposed from flowering to maturity and starch and protein deposition examined using scanning electron microscopy. The high temperature regimen shortened the duration of grain fill from 40 to 18 days. Under the 37/28°C regimen, A- and B-type starch granules decreased in size. A-type starch granules also exhibited pitting, suggesting enhanced action of starch degradative enzymes. Under both temperature regimens, protein bodies originated early in development and coalesced during mid to late development to form a continuous protein matrix surrounding the starch granules. Under the 37/28°C regimen, the proportion of protein matrix increased in endosperm cells of mature grain. Taken together, the changes in starch granule number and size and in protein matrix amount provide clues for understanding how high temperature during grain fill can affect end use properties of wheat flour.
Consistency and validity issues in consumer judgments

Prior research has traced poor judgment quality to poor calibration. We suggest inconsistency to be another reason for poor judgment quality—utilizing different models on different occasions resulting in increased wandering in judgments. We demonstrate differing consistency in the utilization of models depending upon which variable is used as a cue and which is used as the criterion to be predicted. This results in differing correlations underlying judgments between the same two variables, an internally inconsistent pattern. We trace this to the utilization of lay causal models to make predictions but with the strength of the causal story moderating the consistency in use of the model.
Molecular imaging of vessels in mouse models of disease

Vascular imaging of angiogenesis in mouse models of disease requires multi modal imaging hardware capable of targeting both structure and function at different physical scales. The three dimensional (3D) structure and function vascular information allows for accurate differentiation between biological processes. For example, image analysis of vessel development in angiogenesis vs. arteriogenesis enables more accurate detection of biological variation between subjects and more robust and reliable diagnosis of disease. In the recent years a number of micro imaging modalities have emerged in the field as preferred means for this purpose. They provide 3D volumetric data suitable for analysis, quantification, validation, and visualization of results in animal models. This review highlights the capabilities of microCT, ultrasound and microPET for multimodal imaging of angiogenesis and molecular vascular targets in a mouse model of tumor angiogenesis. The basic principles of the imaging modalities are described and experimental results are presented.
The performance of the 12,000 m3/day seawater ro plant at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract This paper outlines the performance of the 12,000 m 3 /day seawater RO plant at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The plant started operation in February 1979 and has been operating since then. The feedwater to the plant has a TDS of 42,000 ppm and the maximum seawater temperature is 32°C. The plant is made up of a first and a second stage. The first stage includes nine units, eight operating and one stand-by, and the second stage containes three units. The nine first stage and the three second stage RO units are each composed of 56 Fiberglass pressure tubes (Model 66 FRP-6) 150 mm diameter by 6.5 m long, each containing six spiral wound elements manufactured by UOP Fluid Systems Division. The plant uses Fluid System's polyamide thin film composite membrane element, Model 1501 TFC. The pretreatment is composed of dual media filtration, acid injection, sodium hexametaphosphate injection and cartridge filtration. The performance from the start of operation till the present time is shown both for the overall plant and for each unit. The product rate of each unit and its water quality throughout its operating period is indicated showing the times when the unit was shut-down and the reason for it. Deterioration in unit performance is analyzed and explained. Actual plant consumption of fuel and chemicals is given and estimates of the plant operating costs are made.
The Effect of Overlap between Monomers on the Determination of Fractal Cluster Morphology

Diffusion limited cluster aggregate (DLCA) morphology is studied as a function of monomeric particle overlap for finite sized clusters. The morphology is parameterized by both the fractal dimensionDand the prefactork0. For clusters created on a three-dimensional cubic lattice we findD= 1.80 ± 0.03 andk0= 1.30 ± 0.07 when the spherical monomers are in point contact. Both these values increase as overlap increases. Also presented is an analysis of the two-dimensional projection of these clusters in order to facilitate electron micrograph images of real clusters. Quantitative relations between actual three-dimensional cluster parameters such as cluster radius of gyration, fractal dimension and number of monomers per aggregate, and measurable two-dimensional quantities such as longest lengths and projected area are given as a function of monomer overlap. Relationships between lengths can be explained only by use of the proper density correlation function and accounting for cluster anisotropy. Finally, we make an unsuccessful attempt to find the source of recent experimental discrepancies in the prefactork0in terms of a possible unknown degree of overlap.
Unwanted Sexual Activity: The Prevalence in College Women

This study investigated the prevalence of unwanted sexual activity among 949 college women who completed a history form for routine gynecological care at the health center of a private university. Included on the form were standard questions regarding gynecological and menstrual history, methods of contraception, sexual history, sexual dissatisfaction, and feelings of depression. In addition, the question "Have you ever experienced unwanted sexual activity?" was asked. Of the women sampled, 6.7% responded to this question affirmatively, far fewer than report such activity in anonymous surveys. These women were significantly more likely than their peers to be sexually active and to report having had abortions and pregnancies to term or having experienced sexual dissatisfaction and depression. Results highlight the tendency of victims of sexual violence to underreport their experiences and point to the importance of inquiry into unwanted sexual activity in campus primary care settings.
The use of the BTA Test in the detection of persistent or recurrent transitional-cell cancer of the bladder.

The BTA Test is an adjunctive test for the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer. For estimation of its potential in the management of patients with transitional-cell cancer (TCC) a review of published results was undertaken. Three prospective studies were analyzed, in which a total of 699 patients with a history of TCC were enrolled. The BTA Test was performed on voided urine and compared with either voided-urine or bladder-wash cytologic analysis in a blinded fashion. In all three studies the sensitivity of the BTA Test was more than double that of cytology, irrespective of whether the cytologic analysis was performed on voided or bladder-wash samples. The third study also included an additional 225 patients undergoing evaluation for hematuria, and TCC was found in 67 cases. The BTA Test detected 70% of these tumors, whereas cytology detected only 25%. The BTA Test is a simple, rapid test that can diagnose a substantial percentage of patients having new or recurrent bladder TCC. Its complete role in the management of such patients remains to be defined.
Performance of a flexible optical aberration generator

The Naval Research Laboratory has developed a method for simulating atmospheric turbulence and a testbed that simulates its aberrations using a liquid crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM). This testbed allows the simulation of so-called atmospheric seeing conditions ranging from very poor to very good and different algorithms may be easily employed on the device for comparison. Many models for simulating turbulence often neglect temporal transitions along with different seeing conditions. Using the statistically independent set of Karhunen-Loeve polynomials in conjunction with Kolmogorov statistics in this approach provides a spatial and temporal model for simulating turbulence. An added benefit to using an LC SLM is its low cost; and multiple devices can be used to simulate multiple layers of turbulence in a laboratory environment. Current testing using multiple LC SLMs is under investigation at the Naval Research Laboratory.
Self‐Diffusion of Carbon‐14 in High‐Purity and N‐Doped α‐SiC Single Crystals

The self-diffusion coefficients of 14C in high-purity, essentially intrinsic and N-doped, n-type α-SiC single crystals were measured at 2123 to 2453 K. The Si14C tracer was chemically bonded by a traveling solvent technique. The Dc* in the doped crystals is smaller than that of the pure materials because of the decreased concentration of the charged donor-type C vacancies in the presence of the donor N species.
Making Meaning on the Screen: Digital Video Production About the Dominican Republic

As part of an inquiry and digital documentary video project, two 12-year-old students studied the Dominican Republic. Over the course of their research, the boys (one of whose parents moved from the Dominican Republic) focused their project on two aspects of the culture of the Dominican Republic: contemporary music (bachata and merengue) and famous baseball players who have familial ties to the country. Through the use of digital video software available at the school, the boys produced a digital video by weaving together images from the Web with music and informational audio tracks that they wrote (based upon their research), recorded, and imported into their documentary video project. The article provides a reference point for teachers to try out digital video production in their own classrooms, as well as discussing the importance of such projects in light of the new, digital literacies that they enable students to practice.
Treatment With Lenalidomide Modulates T-Cell Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

BACKGROUND: Lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory agent, has activity in lymphoproliferative disorders. The authors, therefore, evaluated its effects on T-cell immunophenotype and cytokine production in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). METHODS: To study the immunomodulatory effects of lenalidomide in CLL, the authors recruited 24 patients with untreated CLL enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial of lenalidomide and obtained peripheral blood specimens for immunologic studies consisting of enumeration of T cells and assessing their ability to synthesize cytokines after activation through T-cell receptor (TCR). RESULTS: After 3 cycles of therapy, patients had a significant reduction in percentage (%) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and an increase in percentage of T cells, percentage of activated CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ, and percentage of regulatory T (TR) cells when compared with their respective levels before treatment. After 15 cycles of treatment, responder patients had significant reduction in percentage of lymphocytes and ALC, percentage of activated CD4+ T cells producing IL-2, IFN-γ, or TNF-α, and percentage of TR cells when compared with their perspective levels after 3 cycles of treatment. Furthermore, the numbers of activated CD4+ T cells producing IL-2, IFN-γ, or TNF-α, activated CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ, and TR cells normalized to the range of healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with lenalidomide resulted in the normalization of functional T-cell subsets in responders, suggesting that lenalidomide may modulate cell-mediated immunity in patients with CLL. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Statistical fluctuations and pair mixing in two-point correlation analysis

Abstract Two-point correlation analysis using pair mixing methods is investigated with emphasis on propagation of the statistical error of the single-point marginal distribution into the two-point correlation space. Comments and suggestions on the optimum use of mixed-event populations as reference distributions are provided.