cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational relaxation of HCl (ν = 1 – 10) in H2OHCl(ν) complex-mode collisions

Abstract The relaxation of HCl(ν) in H2O HCl collisions for ν=1–10 is studied using classical trajectory techniques at thermal collision energies. In the presence of strong attraction, the collision partners form a complex, in which intramolecular energy transfer takes place efficiently. For HCl(ν=0–3) many complexes survive for several picoseconds, but for HCl(ν>3) most of the collisions last for about 1 ps or less. On redissociation, the major part of the energy released by HCl(ν) deposits in the HCl rotations. The rest transfers into translation. The extent of vibrational energy transfer increases linearly with increasing ν.
Steroid-induced osteoporosis.

SUMMARY Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids causes accelerated loss of bone, which leads to osteopenia and an increased incidence of fractures. The clinical presentation of Cortisol excess is one of progressive demineralization, primarily of trabecular bone, resulting in fractures of the vertebral bodies and ribs. Bone dissolution is greatest during the initiation of steroid therapy and can result in the loss of up to 20 per cent of trabecular bone in the first year. Bone loss slows with prolonged therapy; cortical bone is relatively spared so that appendicular skeleton fractures are not typically a part of this syndrome. The rate of bone loss is greatest in those individuals who have high bone remodeling rates. Histologically, one finds decreased trabecular volume and increased bone resorption with an increase in osteoclast number and activity, along with decreased bone formation and mineralization rate. Adjuvant medical therapies that block accelerated bone resorption may protect against steroid-induced osteoporosis.
Flexible social laws

Although communication is generally considered to dominate over processing cost in distributed systems, the problem of communication cost in multiagent planning has not been sufficiently addressed. One method for reducing both communication cost and planning time is the use of social laws. Social laws, however, can be too restrictive, limiting soundness. Flexible social laws can enable multiagent systems to reap the benefits of reduced communication cost and planning time (except in the worst case), without limiting soundness (although optimality may be degraded). By analyzing the performance, we show that this model can make multiagent planning exponentially more efficient without limiting its applicability.
Model for scattering with proliferating resonances: Many coupled square wells

We present a multichannel model for elastic interactions, composed of an arbitrary number of coupled finite square-well potentials, and derive semianalytic solutions for its scattering behavior. Despite the model's simplicity, it is flexible enough to include many coupled short-ranged resonances in the vicinity of the collision threshold, as is necessary to describe ongoing experiments in ultracold molecules and lanthanide atoms. We also introduce a simple but physically realistic statistical ensemble for parameters in this model. We compute the resulting probability distributions of nearest-neighbor resonance spacings and analyze them by fitting to the Brody distribution. We quantify the ability of alternative distribution functions, for resonance spacing and resonance number variance, to describe the crossover regime. The analysis demonstrates that the multichannel square-well model with the chosen ensemble of parameters naturally captures the crossover from integrable to chaotic scattering as a function of closed-channel coupling strength.
Clinical and electrophysiological results of eye muscle surgery in 17 patients with downbeat nystagmus.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that eye muscle surgery in treatment of patients with acquired downbeat nystagmus results in improvement measures of visual and ocular motor function. Methods: This is a prospective, interventional case series analysis of clinical and electrophyisological data before and after eye muscle surgery in 17 patients with acquired downbeat nystagmus who did not respond to medical treatments. Outcome measures included: 1) routine demography and clinical characteristics, 2) subjective oscillopsia (SO), 3) binocular best-corrected visual acuity in the null position (BVA), 3) primary position strabismic deviation (SD), 5) anomalous head posture (AHP), 6) contrast sensitivity function (CS), and 7) nystagmus slow phase velocity (SPV). All patients were followed at least 12 months. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis of outcome measure data above pre- and post-treatment were perfomed using standard software on grouped data using computerized software. Results: Patients' age ranged from 5 to 85 years (average 27 years). About 59% were male. Follow up ranged from 1–10 years (average 2.0 years). Around 70% had an associated central nervous systemic diagnosis, 100% had an AHP, oscillopsia and decreased CS, 53% had other eye disease, and 59% had strabismus. There were no complications from surgery. There were signficant post-treatment improvements in mean/median group BVA, SO, SD, AHP, CS, and SPV. Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that eye muscle surgery as treatments for patients with acquired downbeat nystagmus can result in improvements in multiple aspects of ocular motor and visual functions.
Clinical progression in Parkinson's disease with features of REM sleep behavior disorder: A population-based longitudinal study

Abstract Introduction Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream enactment and is associated with incidence of neurodegenerative disorders, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether PD with RBD constitutes a distinct subtype with unique progression is unknown. Here, we investigated motor and cognitive symptom progression in patients with self-reported RBD features in adult life. Methods We screened for RBD in a cohort of 776 PD patients whom we ascertained using a population-based strategy. Among participants with at least one follow-up (60%), we compared those with and without probable RBD (pRBD) estimating hazard rate ratios for progression events UPDRS-III≥ 35 and MMSE≤ 24. Results Prevalence of pRBD at baseline was 21%. In adjusted Cox regression models among patients with a Postural Instability and Gait Dysfunction (PIGD) phenotype, those with pRBD progressed faster to a UPDRS-III≥ 35 (HR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.12; 3.27). Also, all patients with pRBD progressed twice as fast to a MMSE score≤ 24 (HR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.13; 3.69). In sensitivity analyses, using alternative definition of pRBD and accounting for bias due to loss to follow-up results remained similar. Discussion Employing data from one of the largest population-based studies of PD, in which movement disorder specialists assessed patients, we confirm evidence that pRBD features are a clinical marker for faster cognitive decline and possibly also motor progression in PD patients, the latter for patients with a PIGD subtype early in disease.
Short-term outcomes of en bloc combined heart and liver transplantation in the failing Fontan.

Patients with failing Fontan physiology and liver cirrhosis are being considered for combined heart and liver transplantation. We performed a retrospective review of our experience with en bloc combined heart and liver transplantation in Fontan patients > 10 years old from 2006 to 18 per Institutional Review Board approval. Six females and 3 males (median age 20.7, range 14.2-41.3 years) underwent en bloc combined heart and liver transplantation. Indications for heart transplant included ventricular dysfunction, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, arrhythmia, and/or lymphatic abnormalities. Indication for liver transplant included portal hypertension and cirrhosis. Median Fontan/single ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 18/12 mm Hg, respectively. Median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease excluding International Normalized Ratio score was 10 (7-26), eight patients had a varices, ascites, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia score of ≥ 2, and all patients had cirrhosis. Median cardiopulmonary bypass and donor ischemic times were 262 (178-307) and 287 (227-396) minutes, respectively. Median intensive care and hospital stay were 19 (5-96) and 29 (13-197) days, respectively. Survival was 100%, and rejection was 0% at 30 days and 1 year post-transplant. En bloc combined heart and liver transplantation is an acceptable treatment in the failing Fontan patient with liver cirrhosis.
Firm strategies and path dependencies: an emerging economic geography of industrial data

This paper analyses how firms engaged in industrial data production in the power-generation industry operating within the US energy sector produce, collect, store, aggregate, analyse, and ultimatel...
Diagnostics Model Enhanced Maintenance

Diagnostic capabilities are critical to maintenance activities by providing fault detection and isolation to the faulty item. The excessive time required to diagnose the failure and return the item to service can often be attributed to inadequate diagnostics capability and complex manual troubleshooting procedures. Unfortunately, these problems also lead to pulling the wrong item resulting in Cannot Duplicates (CNDs), repair turnaround time (RTAT) increases and a decrease in field operational availability. While purchasing additional spares, developing more training, and designing more sophisticated external test equipment is a solution to this issue, it is often costly from both a schedule and budget perspective and burdensome for the maintainer, operator and the customer.
SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs during sleep from unknown causes between the first and ninth month of age; victims show no pathological signs at autopsy which are sufficient to cause death. The prevalence ranges between 0.5 per 1000 and 6.0 per 1000 live births in different countries and ethnic groups, is higher in males, aboriginal and African–American populations, and in lower socioeconomic groups. The prone sleeping position is a substantial risk factor, as is maternal smoking prior to and following birth. Current hypotheses of pathogenesis include a failure to arouse from, or adequately process an airway obstruction, CO2 or hypoxic challenge, or to compensate for a sudden loss in blood pressure. These failures possibly result from deficient serotonergic or other neurotransmitter binding in brainstem areas mediating cardiovascular and respiratory control. Multiple polymorphisms, related to serotonin transporter and autonomic nervous system target genes, have been identified in SIDS victims, and may contribute to risk.
Mimicking Biological Recognition: Lessons in Binding Hydrophilic Guests in Water

Selective molecular recognition of hydrophilic guests in water plays a fundamental role in a vast number of biological processes, but synthetic mimicry of biomolecular recognition in water still proves challenging both in terms of achieving comparable affinities and selectivities. This Review highlights strategies that have been developed in the field of supramolecular chemistry to selectively and non-covalently bind three classes of biologically relevant molecules: nucleotides, carbohydrates, and amino acids. As several groups have systematically modified receptors for a specific guest, an evolutionary perspective is also provided in some cases. Trends in the most effective binding forces for each class are described, providing insight into selectivity and potential directions for future work.
Response to CAR T cell therapy can be explained by ecological cell dynamics and stochastic extinction events

ABSTRACT Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a remarkably effective immunotherapy that relies on in vivo expansion of engineered CAR T cells, after lymphodepletion by chemotherapy. The laws underlying this expansion and subsequent tumor eradication remain unknown. Still, about 60% of CAR T-treated patients are likely to progress; their tumors are not eradicated. Here we seek to understand and disentangle the multiple processes that contribute to CAR expansion and tumor eradication. We developed a mathematical model of T cell-tumor cell interactions, and demonstrate that CAR T cell expansion is shaped by immune reconstitution dynamics after lymphodepletion and predator prey-like dynamics. Our cell population model was parameterized using patient population-level data over time and recapitulates progression free survival. As an intrinsic property, we find that tumor eradication is a stochastic event. Our cell population-based approach renders CAR T cell therapy as an ecological dynamic process that drives tumors toward an extinction vortex. Even if a clinical event, such as progression, is likely, its timing can be highly variable. We predict how clinical interventions that increase CAR T memory populations could improve the likelihood of tumor eradication and improve progression free survival. Our model can be leveraged to propose new CAR composition and dosing strategies, assess the need for multiple doses, and identify patient populations most likely to benefit from CAR T with or without additional interventions.
A precision test for an extra spatial dimension using black-hole-pulsar binaries

We discuss the observable effects of enhanced black hole mass loss in a black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) binary, due to the presence of a warped extra spatial dimension of curvature radius L in the braneworld scenario. For some masses and orbital parameters in the expected ranges the binary components would outspiral—the opposite of the behavior due to energy loss from gravitational radiation alone. If the NS is a pulsar, observations of the rate of change of the orbital period with a precision obtained for the binary pulsar B1913+16 could easily detect the effect of mass loss. For M BH = 7 M ☉, M NS = 1.4 M ☉, eccentricity e = 0.1, and L = 10 μm, the critical orbital period dividing systems that inspiral from systems that outspiral is P ≈ 6.5 hr, which is within the range of expected orbital periods; this value drops to P ≈ 4.2 hr for M BH = 5 M ☉. Observations of a BH-pulsar system could set considerably better limits on L in these braneworld models than could be determined by torsion-balance gravity experiments in the foreseeable future.
Administering Homework Self-Grading for an Engineering Course

Homework problem sets allow a student to measure personal understanding and enable an instructor to evaluate individual student and overall class performance. For this study, students were asked to...
Oxidative damage and delayed replication allow viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis to go undetected.

“Viable but nonculturable” states of bacteria pose challenges for environmental and clinical microbiology, but their biological mechanisms remain obscure. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the lead...
Holocene paleoclimatic fluctuations revealed from dune and interdune strata in Wyoming

An approximately 25-m thick sequence of dune and interdune strata exposed at Clear Creek in south-central Wyoming records arid to semi-arid paleoclimatic fluctuations spanning approximately the last 7500 years. The Clear Creek strata are subdivided into six informal chronostratigraphic intervals that bracket climatically-distinctive episodes of dune and interdune sedimentation and are constrained chronologically by 14C dates. The six intervals are: 7545–7035 (I), 7035–6460 (II), 6460–5940 (III), 5940–4540 (IV), 4540–2155 (V), and 2155 years B.P. to Present (VI). At least four episodes of enhanced eolian activity that reflect increased aridity are recorded in the Clear Creek strata. The most arid climatic episodes occurred during the years 7545–7035 B.P. chronostratigraphic interval I; lesser peaks of aridity occurred during 5940–4540 B.P interval IV. The climate during 7035–6460 B.P. interval II and 4540–2155 B.P. interval V was transitional between arid and semi-arid conditions. Climatic conditions during the years 6460–5940 B.P. interval III and 2155 B.P. to Present interval VI have been relatively moist and semi-arid.
The extent of reversibility of the reaction.

Abstract The reversibility of the reaction that catalyzes the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP was studied using adenyl cyclase of Brevibacterium liquefaciens , which had been purified free from cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, adenosine triphosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase. After a prolonged incubation, labeled ATP was essentially converted to cyclic AMP. Conversely, labeled cyclic AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate did not give rise to detectable amounts of labeled ATP, even in the presence of non-labeled ATP. These results indicate that the equilibrium of the reaction favors the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP and that the reaction is essentially not reversible.
Inhibition of the Rac1 GTPase protects against nonlethal ischemia/reperfusion-induced necrosis and apoptosis in vivo

Reperfusion of ischemic tissue results in the generation of reactive oxygen species that contribute to tissue injury. The sources of reactive oxygen species in reperfused tissue are not fully characterized. We hypothesized that the small GTPase Rac1 mediates the oxidative burst in reperfused tissue and thereby contributes to reperfusion injury. In an in vivo model of mouse hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, recombinant adenoviral expression of a dominant negative Rac1 (Rac1N17) completely suppressed the ischemia/reperfusion-induced production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, activation of nuclear factor-kappa B, and resulted in a significant reduction of acute liver necrosis. Expression of Rac1N17 also suppressed ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute apoptosis. The protection offered by Rac1N17 was also evident in knockout mice deficient for the gp91phox component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. This work demonstrates the crucial role of a Rac1-regulated oxidase in mediating the production of injurious reactive oxygen species, which contribute to acute necrotic and apoptotic cell death induced by ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. Targeted inhibition of this oxidase, which is distinct from the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, should provide a new avenue for in vivo therapy aimed at protecting organs at risk from ischemia/reperfusion injury.-Ozaki, M., Deshpande, S. S., Angkeow, P., Bellan, J., Lowenstein, C. J., Dinauer, M. C., Goldschmidt-Clermont, P. J., Irani, K. Inhibition of the Rac1 GTPase protects against nonlethal ischemia/reperfusion-induced necrosis and apoptosis in vivo.
Development of Infant Positive Emotionality: The Contribution of Maternal Characteristics and Effects on Subsequent Parenting

The current study examined the influence of maternal characteristics on the development of infant smiling and laughter, a marker of early positive emotionality (PE) and how maternal characteristics and the development of infant PE contributed to subsequent maternal parenting. One hundred fifty-nine mothers with 4-month-old infants participated. Maternal characteristics were assessed 4 months postpartum, infant smiling and laughter were assessed at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months postpartum, and maternal negative parenting was assessed 18 months postpartum. Latent growth modelling was used to test hypotheses regarding the influence of maternal characteristics on the development of infant smiling and laughter, and the contribution of infant smiling and laughter to later maternal parenting. Higher maternal effortful control and PE predicted more initial infant smiling and laughter, whereas more maternal parenting stress predicted lower slopes of infant smiling and laughter. More frequent/intense symptoms of maternal depression predicted higher scores on a measure of negative parenting, whereas higher maternal PE and better effortful control predicted lower negative parenting scores. After accounting for maternal characteristics, higher intercepts and slopes of infant smiling and laughter predicted fewer reports of negative parenting practices. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooling Flows in Clusters of Galaxies

I review the observational evidence for the cooling flow phenomena in clusters of galaxies. Clusters with cooling flows have high x-ray surface brightness and a decrease in temperature of the x-ray emitting gas in the center. Only cooling flow clusters have strong optical emission line filaments in the central 20 kpc. The central galaxies in these clusters often have a relatively large amount of blue continuum light compared to “normal” cluster ellipticals and frequently have large Faraday rotation measures. X-ray imaging data show that the cooling time of the x-ray gas in the central 100 kpc of a majority of clusters is shorter than 5 × 109 years. Thus, it is relatively common for clusters to possess a cooling flow. Detailed spatially resolved x-ray spectra obtained with the BBXRT are consistent with the cooling flow models derived primarily from x-ray imaging data and are independent evidence for mass cooling out at a variety of radii. There is at present no alternative theory which can explain the wide variety of observed phenomena despite the theoretical problems that the presence of ~ 100 M ⊙ yr-1 of cooling material present.
Conduct Disorders: A Framework for Understanding and Intervention in Schools and Communities.

Conduct disorder represents a class of chronic antisocial and disruptive behaviors that interfere with effective interaction with the environment. The disorder is relatively common, well-documented...
African literacies: Which of them matter, and why?

This paper draws on data collected at the Kitengesa Community Library in Masaka District of Uganda to discuss some of the different literacies that are important in African environments. First, the literacies associated with different languages are analysed, these being classified assupralanguages (English in Uganda), lingua francas (such as Kiswahili), and local languages (Luganda in Kitengesa). Literacies also vary with social context, and the paper considers the cases of school, family, peer group, and private literacies. Work at Kitengesa has shown that although literacy is generally thought of as part of school life, other literacies are developing in response to the opportunities provided by the library. Supralanguage and school literacies remain dominant, but it is argued that they will become much more productive if supported by other literacies and that it is a major function of a community library to help such other literacies to develop
Synthesis and biological evaluation of C-2 halogenated analogs of salvinorin A

Abstract Salvinorin A (1), the main active ingredient of Salvia divinorum, is a potent and selective κ opioid receptor (KOPR) agonist. Based on the SAR, its C-2 position is one of the key binding sites and has very little space tolerance (3–4 carbons atoms) and limited to only lipophilic groups. In our attempt to prepare PET brain imaging agent for mapping KOPR, a series of C-2 halogenated analogs have been synthesized and screened for binding affinity at κ (KOPR), μ (MOPR), and δ (DOPR). These C-2 halogenated analogs with sequential changes of atomic radius and electron density serve as excellent molecular probes for further investigating the binding pocket at C-2, particularly on the effects of α verses β configuration at C-2 position. The results of KOPR binding and functional studies reveal β isomer in general binds better than α isomer with the exception of iodinated analogs and none of the C-2 halogenated analogs shows any improvement of KOPR binding affinity. Interestingly, functional assay has characterized that 6b is a partial agonist with Emax of 46% of the kappa receptor full agonist U50,488H at 250 nM (Ki). We have also observed that the affinity to the kappa receptor increases with atomic radius (I > Br > Cl > F) which is in good agreement with halogen bonding interactions reported in the literature.
Comparison of LiST measles mortality model and WHO/IVB measles model

Background The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) has been developed to estimate the impact of health interventions and can consider multiple interventions simultaneously. Given its increasing usage by donor organizations and national program planner, we compare the LiST measles model to the widely used World Health Organization's Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals (WHO/IVB) measles model which is used to produce estimates serving as a major indicator of monitoring country measles epidemics and the progress of measles control.
Effects of adrenalectomy with hormone replacement therapy on the presence of a sexual maturation-delaying chemosignal in the urine of grouped female mice.

When grouped, adult female mice excrete in their urine a chemosignal that delays sexual maturation of young females. This effect does not occur if the adult females have been adrenalectomized. In this report we test whether hormone replacement therapy affects the production and/or excretion of this chemosignal in adrenalectomized females. Injections of two glucocorticoids, corticosterone and hydrocortisone acetate, restored the delay chemosignal in excreted urine from grouped females. In subsequent dose-response experiments, we determined that daily injections of at least 125 μg corticosterone or 80 ng hydrocortisone acetate were needed to bring about the reappearance of the maturation-delaying substance in the urine of grouped adrenalectomized females. Injections of varying doses of a mineralcorticoid, deoxycorticosterone, did not produce restoration of the delay chemosignal in excreted urine from grouped females. Two additinal tests revealed that injections of either glucocorticoid would restore the pub...
Healthy Time Use in the Encore Years: Do Work, Resources, Relations, and Gender Matter?*

Social engagement is theorized to promote health, with ages 55 to 75—what some call “encore” adulthood—potentially being a time for ongoing engagement or social isolation. We use the American Time ...
Social structural position and prejudice: an exploration of cross-national differences in regression slopes

Abstract Group-threat theorists suggest that increases in the collective threat posed to dominant ethnic and racial groups increase average levels of prejudice and intensify the relationships between individual characteristics and prejudice. However, group-threat theorists focus attention more on differences in the average levels of prejudice across geographic regions and/or time than on differences in the relationships between individual characteristics and prejudice. The purpose of this article is to explore in greater detail possible differences in these relationships—that is, to identify the conditions that intensify or even dampen the relationships between individual characteristics and prejudice. I use relative group size and economic conditions—as suggested by theories of prejudice—to explain variation in the effects of three social structural variables on prejudice (labor market position, education, and income). I use hierarchical linear modeling to analyze multi-level data from 17 East and West European countries. Results indicate that the effects of labor market position, education, and income differ across countries and that the effects are weaker in Eastern Europe compared to Western Europe, largely because of poor economic conditions. There is some support for group-threat theory in that the effect of student status is stronger in countries with larger immigrant populations. However, in opposition to group-threat theory, countries with poor economic conditions have weaker relationships between the social structural variables and prejudice. Thus, results suggest a revision of group-threat theory—indicators of group-threat have different effects on the relationships between individual characteristics and prejudice.
Systematic review of early recurrent stenosis after carotid angioplasty and stenting

Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) has emerged as an alternative to endarterectomy (CEA) for the treatment of carotid artery disease. However, the benefit of CAS is determined by the rate of recurrent carotid stenosis. The authors conducted an analysis of peer-reviewed studies that reported the rate of restenosis exceeding 50% after carotid angioplasty and stenting as determined by duplex ultrasound or angiography. They found 34 studies that met the criteria in which 4185 patients were reported and a follow-up of 3814 arteries occurred over a median of 13 months. The cumuiative restenosis rates were about 6%; and 7.5%9 after 1 and 2 years with a stenosis threshold of between 50% and 70%. The rate was 4% after 2 years in studies with a restenosis threshold of more than 70% to 80%. Although restenosis rates after CAS compare well with those reported for CEA, it appears that the rate might be higher than observational studies have suggested. Follow-up on all stented arteries is advised.
A preliminary report on the efficacy of molten metal for sterilization of root canal instruments and materials.

Abstract 1. 1. Vegetative and spore forms of microorganisms were used to contaminate root canal instruments, absorbent points and cotton pellets. 2. 2. Subcultures of the metal instruments, made after the instruments were submerged in molten metal for two or more seconds, were negative, indicating a lethal effect on the microorganisms. 3. 3. Contaminated absorbent points required five seconds and cotton pellets ten seconds' submersion in molten metal before all subcultures were free of bacterial growth.
Assessing Gender Role of Partner-Violent Men Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2): Comparing Abuser Types

This study investigated traditional masculine gender role differences between male partner abuser types using the Masculinity/Femininity subsection scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) Structural Summary. We examined differences between four groups of partner-violent men (borderline, antisocial, psychotic features, and nonpathological partner violent) and one group of nonpartner-violent men on five MMPI-2 subscales: Masculinity-Femininity, Gender Role-Feminine, Gender Role-Masculine, Ego Inflation, and Low Self-esteem. Results indicated that the borderline group reported the most consistent traditional feminine gender role orientation of all the groups, whereas the antisocial group reported the most consistent traditional masculine gender role orientation of all the groups. The psychotic features group reported characteristics associated with both traditional masculinity and traditional feminine gender role making it distinct among all the groups. The nonpathological intimately violent group and the nonpartner-violent group reported no extreme scores when compared with the other three groups. The borderline and antisocial groups reported significantly more exposure to family of origin violence and use of more severe forms of partner abuse than the other three partner abuse groups. Treatment implications are addressed.
Examination of Potential Mechanisms in the Enhancement of Cerebral Blood Flow by Hypoglycemia and Pharmacological Doses of Deoxyglucose

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) rises when the glucose supply to the brain is limited by hypoglycemia or glucose metabolism is inhibited by pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose (DG). The present studies in unanesthetized rats with insulin-induced hypoglycemia show that the increases in CBF, measured with the [14C]iodoantipyrine method, are relatively small until arterial plasma glucose levels fall to 2.5 to 3.0 mM, at which point CBF rises sharply. A direct effect of insulin on CBF was excluded; insulin administered under euglycemic conditions maintained by glucose injections had no effects on CBF. Insulin administration raised plasma lactate levels and decreased plasma K+ and HCO3– concentrations and arterial pH. These could not, however, be related to the increased CBF because insulin under euglycemic conditions had similar effects without affecting CBF; furthermore, the inhibition of brain glucose metabolism with pharmacological doses (200 mg/kg intravenously) of DG increased CBF, just like insulin hypogl...
High-temperature and ionization-induced effects in lithium-doped MgO single crystals

Thermal quenching of Li-doped MgO crystals from temperatures in excess of 1300 K results in the formation of ${[\mathrm{Li}]}^{0}$ defects, which are substitutional lithium ions each with a bound hole at a neighboring oxygen site. Unlike ${[\mathrm{Li}]}^{0}$ defects generated at low temperatures by a low dose of ionizing radiation, those formed by quenching are stable against hole release well above room temperature. This stability is much higher than for all previously reported hole defects in alkaline-earth oxides. These stable ${[\mathrm{Li}]}^{0}$ defects have also been produced by high-dose electron irradiations at both 290 and 85 K, with formation cross sections of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sim}}10}^{5}$ and ${10}^{3}$ barns, respectively. The magnitude and temperature dependence of the cross section suggests a radiation-induced diffusion, rather than an elastic collision, process as the production mechanism. These defects anneal at 450 K in the electron-irradiated crystals and 830 K in the quenched ones. A model involving localized regions of high lithium concentration is proposed in order to explain the stability of the bound hole at the ${[\mathrm{Li}]}^{0}$ defect.
Does WT10g look like the web

We measure the WT10g test collection, used in the TREC-9 and TREC 2001 Web Tracks, with common measures used in the web topology community, in order to see if WT10g "looks like" the web. This is not an idle question; characteristics of the web, such as power law relationships, diameter, and connected components have all been observed within the scope of general web crawls, constructed by blindly following links. In contrast, WT10g was carved out from a larger crawl specifically to be a web search test collection within the reach of university researchers. Does such a collection retain the properties of the larger web? In the case of WT10g, yes.
Dispersion deposition of metal — Particle composites and the evaluation of dispersion deposited nickel — Lanthanum nickelate electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution

A method for the preparation of high surface area coatings and its application towards fabrication of prospective composite electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution is proposed. Exploratory studies with such a composite, (Ni/LaNiO3), as a hydrogen electrode in alkaline solutions indicate that it is a more active electrocatalyst than sintered or electrodeposited nickel. The electrocatalytic properties were found to be a strong function of the deposition parameters as well as of the history of the oxide powder.
An improved incremental training algorithm for support vector machines using active query

In this paper, we present an improved incremental training algorithm for support vector machines (SVMs). Instead of selecting training samples randomly, we divide them into groups and apply the k-means clustering algorithm to collect the initial set of training samples. In active query, we assign a weight to each sample according to its confidence factor and its distance to the separating hyperplane. The confidence factor is calculated from the error upper bound of the SVM to indicate the closeness of the current hyperplane to the optimal hyperplane. A criterion is developed to eliminate non-informative training samples incrementally. Experimental results show our algorithm works successfully on artificial and real data, and is superior to the existing methods.
Flash ignition of Al nanoparticles: Mechanism and applications

Abstract Aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs), due to their high energy density, are important materials for propulsion systems, material synthesis and hydrogen generation. However, the oxidation mechanism of Al NPs at large heating rate remains inconclusive due to the lack of direct experimental evidence. Here, we studied the oxidation mechanism of Al NPs under large heating rate (on the order of 106 K/s or higher) by a simple flash ignition method, which uses a camera flash to ignite Al NPs. The flash ignition occurs when the Al NPs have suitable diameters and sufficient packing density to cause a temperature rise above their ignition temperatures. Importantly, transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals that the Al NPs are oxidized via the melt-dispersion mechanism, providing the first direct experimental evidence thereof. Finally, flash ignition is also applicable to the ignition of flammable gaseous, liquid and solid materials by the addition of Al NPs in lieu of sparks and hotwire igniters.
Scheduling parallel machines to minimize total weighted and unweighted tardiness

This article considers the problem of scheduling a set of n jobs on m parallel machines to minimize total weighted and unweighted tardiness. A modified due date (MDD) algorithm will be presented. The MDD algorithm of Baker and Bertrand is a special case of our algorithm. When all the jobs have a common due date, a worst case bound for the MDD rule in single machine will be given. In this case, if the weight of jobs are proportional to the processing times, the largest processing time order is optimal for the single machine problem. Computational results for the identical machines are presented. The results show that MDD rule outperforms other existing rules by a large margin. Concepts in this article can be incorporated into other rules to improve their performances.
A symposium on stuttering

(1931). A symposium on stuttering. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 301-320.
The Influence of Self-Ratings versus Peer Ratings on Supervisors' Performance Judgments.

This study investigated the extent to which supervisors use feedback from outside sources in making performance judgments. A simulation was conducted in which participants with organizational supervisory experience made an initial performance judgment about a profiled employee. Participants then received additional information that was discrepant from their initial judgment (positive or negative) from one of two sources (the profiled employee himself or one of his peers). The direction of the discrepant information and its source interacted in determining final ratings, such that, participants were more likely to use discrepant information to alter their performance judgments in a consistent direction when the source was a peer than when the source was the employee himself. Furthermore, participants' opinions about the usefulness of peer information for performance judgments moderated this interaction. Specifically, participants who believed that information from an employee's peers was useful, were more likely to use discrepant information provided by a peer when making final performance judgments than were participants who did not believe that information from an employee's peers was useful.
Medication management of pediatric eating disorders.

This article provides an overview of psychopharmacological treatments for pediatric eating disorders (EDs). Although EDs usually begin in adolescence, there are few pharmacological treatment trials specific to this age group and a paucity of controlled data. Empirical evidence suggests that psychological, behavioural and family interventions should be the primary modalities of treatment for these conditions. In severely underweight patients behavioural weight restoration should be attempted before pharmacological intervention, especially since starvation is known to aggravate obsessional and depressive symptomatology. Evidence from controlled trials supports the use of antidepressants for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN) in adults; however, similar studies have not yet been performed in youths. For anorexia nervosa (AN), there are no pharmacotherapies of proven efficacy in either adults or youths. Nonetheless, clinical experience and uncontrolled evidence suggests that some children and adolescents m...
The effect of diazepam on meiosis in the CF‐1 mouse

Oocytes from virgin CF-1 female mice were treated in vitro with Krebs-Ringer media containing 1.0, 10.0, 30.0, 50.0, 100.0, and 200.0 μg/ml of diazepam. In addition, oocytes were exposed to no drug and to 4% propylene glycol and Krebs-Ringer media. The latter was chosen because diazepam is frequently injected in a propylene glycol vehicle. After 17 hours of incubation at 37°C in a 5% C02 atmosphere, all oocytes were scored for the presence of germinal vesicles, Metaphase I, Metaphase II, or degenerative and abnormal forms. Cells from the pure control, propylene glycol, 1.0, and 10.0 μg/ml concentration preparations demonstrated progress to Metaphase II in from 86–89% of cells. Only a small percentage of oocytes was noted to be degenerative or abnormal in any of these groups. From 0.6–2% of oocytes were arrested in Metaphase I. At 30.0 μg/ml concentration 18.7% of cells were arrested at Metaphase I but only 1.5% were noted to be degenerated. At 50.0 μg/ml, 26.6% of cells were arrested at Metaphase I and 13.3% were degenerated. At 100.0 μg, 7.7% of cells were found in Metaphase I, 9.2% in Metaphase II, and 67.7% degenerated. At 200.0 μg/ml 3.1% of cells were found at Metaphase I, none at Metaphase II, and 88% in the degenerative form. Since blood levels of diazepam rarely rise above 6 μg/ml even in patients treated with as much as 200 mg per day, and are generally observed in the 1 μg/ ml range for patients on typical treatment regimen, it is not likely that human tissues will achieve concentrations seen to have toxic effects in these studies. Future in vivo studies, however, seem indicated.
Reduced graphene oxide based Schottky diode on flex substrate for microwave circuit applications

This paper demonstrates fabrication and characterization of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based Schottky diodes on a flexible substrate. Current-voltage measurements on the fabricated devices show strong non-linearity. Diodes are tested for high frequency applications such as detection, frequency multiplication and mixing over a frequency range of 1-18 GHz. The devices show third order frequency multiplication for measured fundamental frequencies of 1, 2, 3, and 4 GHz and shows low-loss frequency mixing. Details of DC characteristics, RF rectification, mixing and multiplication using RGO Schottky diodes are presented.
The Influence of Visceral Fat on the Postprandial Lipemic Response in Men with Paraplegia

Background: Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is associated with vascular dysfunction and may be an etiologic factor in the progression of atherogenic cardiovascular disease.Objective: In 10 men with paraplegia and 10 able-bodied men, the magnitude of the PPL responses and the relationship of abdominal adiposity and the PPL responses were determined.Methods: Anthropometrics, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed to determine visceral fat and total body fat. A fasting lipid profile was performed. A high-fat milkshake (1.3 g fat/kg body mass) was administered with serum collected at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 hours after the test meal for subsequent measurement of triglyceride. The triglyceride response was determined by the area under the triglyceride curve.Results: No significant differences were noted between the groups in fasting lipid values or in measures of visceral fat. Total body fat tended to be higher in men with paraplegia than in able-bodied men (34.9 ± 10.0 v...
Public Funding and the “Untamed Wilderness” of Victorian Studies

Victorian studies emerged, like many interdisciplinary fields, during the 1950s and 1960s. While scholars today accept the validity of interdisciplinary work, it was not always so, and early issues of Victorian Studies and the Victorian Periodicals Newsletter reflect both scholars’ excitement over the prospect of interdisciplinary work and their hesitation in the face of an “untamed wilderness.” The same forces that gave rise to Victorian studies had their equivalent on Capitol Hill with passage of the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965. This essay explores the relationship between the emerging field of Victorian studies and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The debates and methodological discussions that shaped the founding of the field left scholars well positioned to take advantage of opportunities offered by the Endowment. NEH-supported projects such as Walter Houghton’s Wellesley Index shaped Victorian studies in profound ways, and Victorian studies, in turn, helped shape the Endowment.
Critical Choice of Variables in the Modeling and Correlation of Mechanisms for Transport and Reaction

Although the choice of variables is known to be a major factor in the modeling of mechanisms of transport and reaction, as well as in the derivation of analytical solutions, the efficient execution...
The synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a novel copper(II) cluster with H-bonding directed 3D-structure comprised of interconnected double-stranded ladders

Abstract Reaction between 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol (DFMP) and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THMAM) with copper(II) acetate and sodium azide formed the antiferromagnetically coupled, polymeric copper(II) coordination cluster {[(H5L)Cu2(μ-N3)]2[Cu(N3)4]·2CH3OH}n (1), with a novel double-stranded ladder like structure in which [Cu(N3)4]2− anions link single-chains comprised of dinuclear subunits, forming a 3D-structure of interconnected ladders through H-bonding. The 3D-structure is the result of coordinatively driven and hydrogen-bonding directed self-assembly.
In situ two-dimensional crystallization of a polytopic membrane protein: the cardiac gap junction channel.

In situ crystallization of rat ventricular gap junctions was accomplished by sequential dialysis of membranes against low concentrations of deoxycholate and dodecyl-β-d-maltoside. Lipids are removed without solubilizing the protein, and the increased protein concentration in the membrane plane facilitates two-dimensional crystallization in the native membrane environment. The two-dimensional crystals have a nominal resolution of 16 A and display plane group symmetry p6 with a = b = 85 A and γ = 120°. Electron crystallography reveals that the cardiac gap junction membrane channel is formed by a hexameric cluster of protein subunits, and this hexameric design appears to be a recurring quaternary motif for the multigene family of gap junction proteins. Exposure of membranes to low concentrations of detergents may provide an approach for in situ two-dimensional crystallization of other connexins as well as other membrane proteins, especially those that are labile when solubilized as protein–detergent micelles.
Device simulations for low voltage/low power silicon CMOS device design

Abstract Device simulations are becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional, experiment-based technology development. This is due to the sky-rocketing development costs, increasing process complexity and finally the increasing maturity of the device simulation tools. In this chapter, we discuss some of the issues involved in low power CMOS device design using full-fledged (two-dimensional) numerical device simulations. The roles played by vertical channel profile engineering, the halo/pocket implants and shallow source / drain extensions in minimizing short channel effects is discussed.
Comparison of the dispersion parameters from time-of-flight and photo-induced midgap absorption measurements on sputtered a-Si:H

Abstract We present the results of a combined study of photo-induced midgap absorption and time-of-flight measurements on samples of a-Si:H prepared by the sputtering process. The samples were characterized by a low density of states at the Fermi level and activated band transport. Both time-of-flight and induced absorption decay measurements reveal identical temperature dependence of the dispersion parameter with a transition from dispersive to non-dispersive statistics near 300 K.