cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE MORPHOLOGY AND HOST RANGE OF BRASSICA NIGRA VIRUS

NUMEROUS VIRUS diseases of cruciferous plants have been described and named. Systems of classification and nomenclature have been proposed by Holmes (1939), Smith (1937), and Pound and Walker (1945). The first two used mainly host range and symptomatology, the others, Pound and Walker, emphasized symptom manifestation at different temperatures and host immunity reactions. A property which might be used to differentiate viruses, the rate of electrophoretic mobility, has been suggested by Frampton and Takahashi (1946). Any system of classification should include, if possible, two important characters, the morphology and the size of the virus. The form and typical size of a mosaic virus of Brassica nigra have been ascertained by means of the electron microscope. A selected host range study has also been conducted in an attempt to identify the virus. METHODS.-Mosaic Brassica nigra leaf tissue (1 g.) was homogenized in a ground glass homogenizer and the slurry diluted with 5 ml. of pH 7.0 phosphate buffer. To identify the virus, eight different species of Brassica, B. nigra Koch, B. oleracea L., B. campestris L., B. carinata Braun, B. juncea Czern. et Coss., B. napus L., B. arvensis L. B. S. P., and B. alba (L.) Boiss, and two species of Nicotiana, N. tabacurn L. and N. glutinosa L., were inoculated with this preparation. Brassica species were inoculated with the aid of carborundum powder (Rawlins and Tompkins, 1936) and the leaves of Nicotiana were inoculated by means of a stiff bristle brush. For isolation of the virus and electron microscopy two hosts B. nigra and B. juncea were selected. Approximately 250 g. each of fresh mosaic and healthy leaf tissue was frozen, then ground in a food chopper. The juice was squeezed out through several thicknesses of cheesecloth and 40 g. of ainmonium sulfate dissolved in each 100 ml. of extract. The resulting heavy green precipitate was centrifuged at 2,000 X gravity for 20 min. The brown supernatant liquid was discarded and the green precipitate was redispersed in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer (1/4 the original volume). The mixture was then centrifuged at 12,000 X gravity for 10 min. The supernatant was retained and centrifuged for 1 hr. at 75,000 X gravity. The pellets were suspended in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer and again centrifuged at 12,000 X gravity for 10 min. The opalescent somewhat viscous supernatant liquids were diluted with distilled water until only a faint Tyndall beam was visible in the path of a narrow intense beam of light. Small drops of this liquid were used to prepare electron microscope mounts. To test its activity, ten young plants of B. juncea were inoculated with an aliquot of the undiluted preparation.
A systematic review of noncommunicable health issues in mass gatherings.

Introduction The review was conducted to evaluate if the field of mass-gathering medicine has evolved in addressing: (1) the lack of uniform standard measures; (2) the effectiveness of and needs for various interventions during a mass gathering; and (3) the various types of noncommunicable health issues (trauma and medical complaints) encountered and their severity during a gathering. Methods A systematic review of papers published from 2003 through 2012 was conducted using databases of MEDLINE, Ovid, CINHAL, EBSCOHost, National Library of Medicine (NLM), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Elsevier, Scopus, and Proquest databases. Of 37,762 articles, 17 articles were included in this review, covering 18 mass-gathering events; 14 were multiple-day events. Results Across all events, the patient presentation rate (PPR) ranged from 0.13 to 20.8 patients per 1,000 attendees and the transfer to hospital rate (TTHR) ranged from 0.01 to 10.2 ambulance transports per 1,000 attendees. In four out of the seven studies, having on-site providers was associated with a lower rate of ambulance transports. The highest frequencies of noncommunicable presentations were headaches, abdominal complaints, and abrasions/lacerations. Most presentations were minor. Emergent cases requiring hospitalization (such as acute myocardial infarction) were rare. Conclusions The rate of noncommunicable health issues varies across events and very serious emergencies are rare. Alquthami AH , Pines JM . A Systematic Review of Noncommunicable Health Issues in Mass Gatherings. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(2):1-9 .
Fate of thymine-containing dimers in the deoxyribonucleic acid of ultraviolet-irradiated mutator T1 Escherichia coli transfuctants

In order to determine whether a relationship generally exists between the mutator property (mutT1) and repair of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation damaged DNA, we performed spontaneous mutation rate and UV-survival determinations without and with acriflavin (4 mug/ml) in P1 phage mediated mut T1 Escherichia coli transductants. The strains constructed were assumed to be coisogenic except for the mutator factor. The mutT1 uvrA, uvrB or exrA transductants had mutation rates similar to the donor strain. Double mutants containing mutT1 and uvrB or exrA had the same level of UV survival as the parent with the same mutator phenotype. Mutator strains were normal for host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated phage T1, and phage lambda was UV-inducible. The fate of UV-induced thymine-containing dimers in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of mutT1 transductants was investigated. Dark repair of pyrimidine dimers is equally acriflavin sensitive in the nonmutator and mutator Hcr+ strains. During incubation in the dark, dimers were excised to the same extent from the DNA of the HCR+ mutator and nonmutator transductants, but remained in the DNA of the HCR- MUTANT. A preliminary report of these studies was presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the American Scoeity of Microbiology, Boston, 1970.
Sample Handling and Pretreatment Using Flow Injection Analysis

Abstract Flow injection analysis (FIA) has been demonstrated to be an ideal tool for the handling and pretreatment of samples prior to their analysis. Sample handling may be as simple as the use of FIA for the introduction of the sample into a detector or as complicated as extraction of an analyte followed by back extraction prior to reaction and detection. In this survey, it is shown that FIA can encompass a large diversity of sample handling and pretreatment techniques. By employing FIA methods, one is able to significantly increase the sample throughput and, in many cases, increase the overall precision compared with batch style sampling, pretreatment, and analysis schemes. FIA sample handling and pretreatment techniques reviewed here include injection, dilution, membrane techniques, solvent extraction, and sorbent extraction/preconcentration.
Traumatic orbital arteriovenous fistula

Acute left-sided visual loss, chemosis and proptosis with ophthalmoplegia developed in a 63-year-old man following head trauma. Neuroradiologic studies demonstrated an intraorbital arteriovenous fistula. Ligation of the intracranial ophthalmic artery reduced the degree of proptosis, chemosis and ophthalmoplegia, but the eye remained blind. Intraorbital arteriovenous fistulas are rare and cause symptoms similar to those that occur in cases of carotid-cavernous fistulas. Treatment may be necessary to retard ocular damage, because spontaneous remission has not been reported.
To and from Derrida's Sediment and Spirit of Signs

This essay elaborates and engages an influential reading of the late Derrida as put forth in J. Hillis Miller's book For Derrida. Sensitive to the complicated ambiguities and nuances of Derrida's deconstructive philosophy, Miller elucidates how our common preconceptions are intimately bound up with the very facts of life which we do our best to marginalize and reject. Mourning, for example, cannot be so easily distinguished from melancholy when the loss of the other is impossible for us to completely work through. Miller thus provides us with a careful analysis of precisely that which so often resists analysis, and does so in an accessible manner. I will nonetheless argue that the deconstructive project is susceptible to its own reifications, and that Miller's sharp delineation between the individual and community is one such example.
Study of cuprous chloride under pressure

Abstract Observations of large diamagnetic anomalies in rapidly warmed freshly prepared samples of CuCl under moderately high hydrostatic pressure are summarized and compared with the results of Brandt et al. The observations cannot be accounted for quantitatively in any simple way without assuming the existence of some new cooperative state. The possibility of the formation of fine-scaled metal-dielectric interfaces is considered. Proof of the existence or absence of superconductivity requires further experimentation.
Anti-Myelin Associated Glycoprotein Polyneuropathy in a Patient With Lymphoma and its Resolution After Chemotherapy

Anti-myelin associated glycoprotein (anti-MAG) antibody associated polyneuropathy is a chronic distal symmetric sensorimotor neuropathy. The rarity of this condition precludes establishment of a standard of care. It has been treated with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and Rituximab. We present a case of a 72 years old man presenting with 1 year history of neuropathic pain in lower extremities and hands bilaterally, right cervical lymphadenopathy on physical exam, and the anti-MAG antibody ELISA was positive. An excisional biopsy of the cervical lymph node showed diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The staging bone marrow examination did not show lymphoma involvement, the PET/CT did only demonstrated neck and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The patient received four cycles of R-CHOP (Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine and Prednisone) for Stage IIA disease with complete response, and complete resolution of polyneuropathy after the first cycle of chemotherapy. The case report highlights the successful treatment of a rare presentation of anti-MAG polyneuropathy associated with early stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. J Med Cases. 2013;4(8):557-559 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/jmc1399w
World‐wide changes in potential gradient

At the Edinburgh Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, in the Association of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, data for the years 1924 to 1934, inclusive, for Watheroo, Huancayo, and Ebro, were shown to suggest a world-wide change in potential gradient from year to year. Data for the year 1935 have now been added, and Figure 1 shows the percentage deviations of each station from its 12-year mean. The evidence for relationship can hardly be adjudged on the basis of such a graph, and this paper is concerned with a statistical analysis of the data. The records of other observatories have been examined, and in a general way they may be said to favor the hypothesis of a universal effect, but the present report will deal only with the three stations mentioned.
Thermomechanical transitions in doubly-clamped micro-oscillators

Abstract The small size and low damping of MEMS oscillators give rise to phenomena that are not observed routinely at the macroscopic scale. In this work we document and explain an experimentally observed transition in the response of a doubly clamped micromechanical oscillator with pretension. The transition from softening to hardening is repeatedly observed upon increasing the power of an incident sensing laser beam, a procedure routinely used to improve signal strength during optical detection of resonant motion of microstructures. At intermediate laser power, a novel resonant response that displays characteristics of both softening and hardening in the same sweep, is observed experimentally. Increased laser heating of a structure in tension may be expected to increase softening behavior. Using tools from non-linear dynamics and continuum mechanics, we show that the observed counter-intuitive behavior can be explained by a competition between the opposing responses of linear and non-linear stiffnesses to a change in temperature.
Reactions of 2,3-epoxyhalides. Synthesis of optically active allylic alcohols and homoallylic epoxides

Abstract Mild and efficient reactions for the conversion of optically active 2,3-epoxy-halides to optically active allylic alcohols and optically active epoxides are described.
A Distributed Reactivity Model for Sorption by Soils and Sediments. 11. Slow Concentration-Dependent Sorption Rates

Long-term temporal phase distribution relationships (PDRs) were measured for sorption of a hydrophobic organic contaminant probe by seven EPA reference soils and sediments and six shale and kerogen samples. The times required for attainment of apparent sorption equilibrium by the phenanthrene probe were found to be highly dependent upon the aqueous phase-solute concentration, C(t), for a given sorbent, and the type of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with a particular sorbent. Organic-carbon-normalized single-point temporal distribution ratios corresponding to low residual solution phase concentrations were found to approach their respective apparent equilibrium values after times ranging from several days to 90 days for the EPA soils and sediments and from 90 days to ≥ 368 days for the shales and kerogens. Conversely, at residual solution phase concentrations 2 orders of magnitude larger, apparent equilibrium conditions were attained within a few hours for the EPA soils and sediments and within a yea...
Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in sediments over phanerozoic time: a new theory

In present day marine sediments, almost all of which are deposited in normal oxygenated seawater, rates of burial of organic carbon (C) and pyrite sulfur (S) correlate positively and bear a constant ratio to one another (C/S ∼- 3 on a weight basis). By contrast, calculations, based on the isotopic model of Garrels and Lerman (1981), indicate that at various times during the Phanerozoic the worldwide burial ratio must have been considerably different than the present day value. This ratio change is caused by the requirement that, increases in the worldwide mass of organic carbon must be accompanied by equivalent decreases in the mass of sedimentary pyrite sulfur, in order to maintain a roughly constant level of O2 in the atmosphere. Such apparently contradictory behavior can be explained if the locus of major organic carbon burial has shifted over time from normal marine environments, as at present, to non-marine freshwater, or to euxinic environments, in the geologic past. A shift to predominantly freshwater burial can help explain predicted high C/S ratios in Permo-Carboniferous sediments, and a shift to euxinic environments can help explain predicted low C/S ratios during the early Paleozoic. It is demonstrated that the three environments today exhibit distinguishably different average C/S ratios.
Decay of 144Pr to levels in 144Nd

Abstract The γ-rays from 144 Pr have been measured with a 6 cm 3 Ge(Li) detector. Nine γ-rays were observed. Gamma-gamma coincidence and angular correlation measurements were performed with the Ge(Li) detector and a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. It is proposed that 144 Pr decay populates levels in 144 Nd at 1510, 1560 and 2085 keV in addition to the previously known levels at 0, 696.3 and 2185.6 keV. Angular correlation measurements show that the spin of the 2085 level is 0. The half-life of 144 Pr is 17.3±0.1 min.
Central projections of spinal dorsal roots in the monkey. II. Lower thoracic, lumbosacral and coccygeal dorsal roots

A study of the central distribution of lower thoracic, lumbosacral and coccygeal dorsal roots (DR) was made in 11 monkeys. Degeneration resulting from 17 individual dorsal rhizotomies was studied in multiple spinal and medullary sections stained by the Nauta technic. At the rhizotomy level all DR project fibers to: (1) portions of laminae III and IV, (2) the intermediomedial nucleus, and (3) portions of laminae VII, VIII and IX. Lower thoracic, lumbar and the first sacral (S1) DR project in overlapping fashion to particular portions of Clarke's column; ascending and descending fibers terminate in a spatially organized manner. Lower lumbar DR project to medial lamina VI throughout the lumbar enlargement. DR fibers reach cell groups of lamina IX via two trajectories, one of which is dominant in the lumbar enlargement. Ascending DR fibers in the fasciculus gracilis: (1) arise caudal to T7, (2) exhibit only general segregation due to overlap, and (3) project in an overlapping somatotopic fashion throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus gracilis. Zones of the nucleus gracilis receiving fibers are organized, so that: (1) DR of the lumbar enlargement project to a central core region, (2) lower thoracic and upper lumbar DR project to narrow oblique laminae lateral to the core, and (3) S1 and Co1 DR project to crescent-shaped dorsomedial regions. Less autonomous terminal representation of DR fibers was found in the nucleus gracilis than in other posterior column nuclei.
Mapping a functional notation for parallel programs onto hypercubes

Abstract The theory of powerlists was recently introduced by Jayadev Misra (1994). Powerlists can be used to specify and verify certain parallel algorithms, using a notation similar to functional programming languages. In contrast to sequential languages the powerlist notation has constructs for expressing balanced divisions of lists. We study how Prefix Sum , a fundamental parallel algorithm, can be tailored for efficient execution on hypercubic architectures. Then we derive a strategy for mapping most powerlist functions to efficient programs for hypercubic architectures.
Development of a Rapidly Deepening Extratropical Cyclone over Land. Part I: Kinematic Aspects

Abstract The relatively rare case of an explosive land cyclone that occurred on I5–17 November 1989 over the United States and Canada is investigated to determine the physical mechanisms responsible for its development. Hourly surface and 12-h upper-air data are analyzed for this storm for the 36-h period beginning on 0000 UTC 15 November. The system appears to develop through favorable positioning of the surface low with respect to a 5OO-hPa short-wave trough and 250-hPa jet streak and yields the greatest deepening of 13 hPa in 12 h. Through an analysis of the terms in the quasigeostrophic height tendency equation, quasigeostrophic theory is deemed to be qualitatively inaccurate in diagnosing the development of this system. The performance of the National Meteorological Center's (currently known as the National Centers for Environmental Prediction) operational models is viewed, and errors in model forecasts of surface low position and intensity are attributed in large part to faulty initialization. A com...
Entopolypoides macaci, a Babesia-like parasite in Cercopithecus monkeys

A description is given of a Babesia-like parasite found in the erythrocytes of two Cercopithecus pygerythrus monkeys probably from East Africa. Morphologically it seems identical with a parasite found by Mayer (1934) in Macaca irus monkeys from Java and named by him Entopolypoides macaci . On the other hand, the present African type differs from the Javan one in that it does not readily infect M. irus or M. mulatta monkeys; and it might well be named provisionally E. macaci (cercopitheci) . Morphologically, the early forms are fine rings with a large vacuole but the more mature parasites form several fine long processes which are best seen under phase-contrast illumination. The cycle in the erythrocytes probably ends by division into four new parasites and it takes 3 days to quadruple the number. There is no synchronicity, such as occurs with malaria. The parasite was passed by syringe into Erythrocebus patas, Papio papio and Cercocebus galeritus monkeys in which it produced a light parasitaemia if they were intact, or an intense one (up to 70% erythrocytes parasited) if they were splenectomized. In both cases the bouts of parasitaemia are prolonged for weeks, and they may continue with relapses apparently for years. A light transient infection was produced in one splenectomized Macaca mulatta and in one out of two intact M. irus monkeys, but not in one M. arctoides (splenectomized), one Cebus albifrons, one C. apella , two Aotus trivirgatus and two Pan troglodytes (one splenectomized). Apparently the parasite readily infected African lower primates, hardly infected Asiatic ones, and did not infect American ones. Even in susceptible splenectomized monkeys, in which it produced prolonged intense parasitaemia, the parasite causes little pathogenic effect beyond a moderate anaemia. Attempts were made to transmit it through Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor andersoni, Ornithodoros (sp.), Ornithonyssus bacoti and Aedes aegypti but they were unsuccessful. Probably the vector is an Ixodid tick. Chemotherapeutically the parasite was sensitive to a babesicidal compound, Imidocarb (3,3′-bis-(2 imidazolin-2yl) carbanilide) and to primaquine but not to chloroquine, pyrimethamine, pentamidine, Berenil or homidium.
Theory of viscoplastic shells for dynamic response

Abstract : Viscoplastic shell model is formulated which utilizes the shell membrane strains and curvatures as the kinematic variable and the shell stress resultants as the dynamic variables. The viscoplastic shell model combines the concept of Perzyna's viscoplastic constitutive equations with Bieniek's shell stress resultant formulation. The model is incorporated into the EPSA code for the analysis of shells in an acoustic medium subjected to dynamic loading which produce large elasto-viscoplastic deformations in the shell. Several examples are presented to exhibit the effect of material rate dependence upon structural response.
Evidence for correlated hopping in impurity conduction at moderate impurity concentrations

Abstract We present evidence that correlated multi-electron hopping makes important contributions to conductivity in the impurity conduction in n- and p-Ge. This occurs at concentrations above ∼3.5 × 10 15 in p-Ge, and above ∼5.2 × 10 15 in n-Ge. The evidence is based on the behavior of the pre-exponential with concentration and with magnetic field. The pre-exponential behavior argues against an alternative model involving conduction in delocalized states.
Inactivating Mutation of the Mouse Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-2(Timp-2) Gene Alters ProMMP-2 Activation

Abstract To understand the biologic function of TIMP-2, a member of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases family, an inactivating mutation was introduced in the mouse Timp-2gene by homologous recombination. Outbred homozygous mutants developed and procreated indistinguishably from wild type littermates, suggesting that fertility, development, and growth are not critically dependent on TIMP-2. Lack of functional TIMP-2, however, dramatically altered the activation of proMMP-2 both in vivo andin vitro. Fully functional TIMP-2 is essential for efficient activation of proMMP-2 in vivo. No evidence of successful functional compensation was observed. The results illustrate the duality of TIMP-2 function, i.e. at low concentrations, TIMP-2 exerts a “catalytic” or enhancing effect on cell-mediated proMMP-2 activation, whereas at higher concentrations, TIMP-2 inhibits the activation and/or activity of MMP-2.
Bilingual education in the 21st century: a global perspective

Bilingual education in the 21st century: a global perspective, by Ofelia Garcia with contributions by Hugo Baetens Beardsmore, Oxford, UK, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, 496 pp., US$99.95 (hardback), ISBN ...
BPDI-based optical sensor for real-time high-temperature measurements for coal gasification process

Direct measurement of temperature in coal gasifiers requires a sensor technology that can withstand the extremely harsh environment posed by the high temperatures and corrosive agents present in these systems. An optical ultrahigh temperature measurement system is developed to address this critical need. This sensor is based on the broadband polarimetric differential interferometry (BPDI) sensing technology, in which optical spectrum is measured instead of direct detection of optical intensity. Resolution better than 0.1oC and high precision are achieved over a wide dynamic measurement range from room temperature up to 1600oC. This optical thermometer is immune to optical source power fluctuations and fiber losses. The other advantages of this thermometer are its simplicity, low-cost and long-term stability in harsh environments.
Nucleosome occupancy at transcription start sites in the human malaria parasite: A hard-wired evolution of virulence?

Almost a decade after the publication of the complete sequence of the genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, the mechanisms involved in gene regulation remain poorly understood. Like other eukaryotic organisms, P. falciparum's genomic DNA organizes into nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are the basic structural units of eukaryotic chromatin and their regulation is known to play a key role in regulation of gene expression. Despite its importance, the relationship between nucleosome positioning and gene regulation in the malaria parasite has only been investigated recently. Using two independent and complementary techniques followed by next-generation high-throughput sequencing, our laboratory recently generated a dynamic atlas of nucleosome-bound and nucleosome-free regions (NFRs) at single-nucleotide resolution throughout the parasite erythrocytic cycle. We have found evidences that genome-wide changes in nucleosome occupancy play a critical role in controlling the rigorous parasite replication in infected red blood cells. However, the role of nucleosome positioning at remarkable locations such as transcriptional start sites (TSS) was not investigated. Here we show that a study of NFR in experimentally determined TSS and in silico-predicted promoters can provide deeper insights of how a transcriptionally permissive organization of chromatin can control the parasite's progression through its life cycle. We find that NFRs found at TSS and core promoters are strongly associated with high levels of gene expression in asexual erythrocytic stages, whereas nucleosome-bound TSSs and promoters are associated with silent genes preferentially expressed in sexual stages. The implications in terms of regulatory evolution, adaptation of gene expression and their impact in the design of antimalarial strategies are discussed.
A single injection of fibronectin fragments into rabbit knee joints enhances catabolism in the articular cartilage followed by reparative responses but also induces systemic effects in the non-injected knee joints

Abstract Objective To investigate effects on cartilage metabolism and degeneration of injection of fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs) into rabbit knee joints. Design The knees of adolescent New Zealand white rabbits were intraarticularly injected with rabbit Fn-fs. Cartilage sections from both injected and non-injected joints were treated with Safranin-O, with antibodies to the VDIPEN and NITEGE neoepitopes of degraded aggrecan and to matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3). Proteoglycan (PG) content of cartilage was measured by a dimethylmethylene blue assay of papain digests. PG synthesis rates were measured by 35 S-sodium sulfate incorporation into explanted cartilage. Results In the injected joint cartilage, the Fn-fs bound cells in the upper superficial zone maximally between 6 and 24h. By day 2, MMP-3 protein was enhanced and cartilage PG content and PG synthesis rates were reduced 40% and 70%, respectively. MMP-3 epitope and VDIPEN and NITEGE neoepitopes were also enhanced. The PG content then increased to supernormal levels from days 14 to 35 and then declined to normal levels by day 70, as did PG synthesis rates. In the non-injected joint cartilage, Fn-fs were not detected. Although MMP-3 expression was enhanced between days 2 and 21 as well as VDIPEN neoepitope, the PG content was never reduced but rather enhanced to supernormal levels from days 21 to 35. This was associated with enhanced PG synthesis by day 7, which decreased to control levels by day 70. Conclusions In this cartilage degeneration model, loss of cartilage PG is followed by supernormal anabolic responses that facilitate PG restoration. Further, the damage causes a systemic effect of enhanced PG synthesis and content in the non-injected joint cartilage.
The importance of intimacy to men living in a nursing home.

Intimacy and its contribution to life satisfaction have not been explored among institutionalized elders. We studied residents of a Veterans Affairs nursing home and assessed cognitive and physical function, life satisfaction, and importance of intimacy. The Folstein Mini-Mental State, Barthel Index, Life Satisfaction Index-Z, and a series of vignettes were used to assess each domain. Vignettes depicted various scenarios (e.g., recent admission to a nursing home, notification of diagnosis of a terminal disease), and asked the subject to rate the importance of intimate social, intellectual, emotional, or physical interactions. Social intimacy was rated as most important, followed by nonsexual physical, intellectual, emotional, and finally, sexual-physical intimacy (social vs. sexual-physical, p =0.0013). In addition, social (rs =.299, p =0.023), nonsexual physical (rs =.312, p =0.019), and intellectual (rs =.382, p =0.005) intimacy were associated with life satisfaction. Nursing home care providers can enhance resident quality of life through social, intellectual, and nonsexual physical interactions even when the underlying medical, physical, or cognitive deficit cannot be ameliorated.
Measure of Change in Temperature of Cold Foods of Patient Meal Trays after Travel From Production Site To Point of Service (Off-Site)

Abstract Today food safety and sanitation are the major concerns of the foodservice industry. Hazardous conditions could result if procedures for monitoring the storage and handling, preparation and cooling, re-heating (rethermalization), and time-temperature relationships of the foods processed in foodservice operations are not followed according to HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points). The purpose of this study was to measure the change in temperature of cold foods which were produced at the production site (hospital kitchen) and transported to an off-site location (rehab center), and to assess whether these foods were served within safe temperature ranges to the patients. Time-temperature measurements of cold foods of 14 patient meal trays that were divided into two groups ("treated" and "control") were recorded for six days. The temperatures of the treated group (began process at lower temperatures) and the control group were recorded at three different times: (1) tray assembly line (TA), (2) before rethermalization in the cook-chill system and; (3) before point of service (POS) to the patients at the rehab center. The results were analyzed statistically by independent t-test. The change in the temperatures of cold foods recorded were from 33°F to 50°F (TA), and 40°F to 52°F (POS) 38°F to 58°F (TA), 42°F to 60°F (POS), for both the treated and control groups respectively. The results showed a significant difference (p
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Three Contiguous Hydrogen Bonding Sites in All Possible Arrangements

Abstract The synthesis of compounds containing three contiguous hydrogen bond sites is reported. There are six ways of arranging three adjacent hydrogen bond donor (D) and acceptor (A) sites. General synthetic routes to heterocyclic compounds with each arrangement is reported.
Permeability of rat corneal vessels to fluorescein and carbon

Abstract The permeability properties of mature corneal vessels of the Sprague-Dawley rat in advanced stages of wound healing was examined using fluorescein angiography combined with light and electron microscopic marker studies. Results show that corneal vessels are markedly permeable to fluorescein. When carbon is injected intravenously prior to or following fluorescein, both light and electron microscopic observations show that the corneal vessels remain impermeable to carbon. Thus, fluorescein leakage is occurring in the absence of inflammation. Corneal vessels resemble the small vessels of the brain and retina in being unresponsive to systemic inflammation. However, with respect to fluorescein permeability they clearly differ from small vessels involved in the blood-brain or blood-retinal barrier and resemble other small vessels throughout the mammalian body.
Antigen-presenting cells under the influence of alcohol

The negative influence of alcohol (ethanol) and its metabolites on innate and adaptive immunity is well-recognized. Much attention has recently been focused on the impact of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on antigen-presenting cells (APC). In particular, insights have been gained into how the properties of human blood monocytes and rodent macrophages are influenced by alcohol in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the impact of alcohol on various aspects of APC function and the underlying mechanisms, including its effects on intracellular signaling events. We also discuss new information regarding the influence of alcohol on various APC populations in the liver, a primary site of alcohol metabolism.
Electronic liquid crystal physics of underdoped cuprates

Abstract Recent observations of broken symmetries have partly demystified the pseudogap phase. Here we review evidence for long-range intra–unit-cell (IUC) nematic order and its unexpectedly strong coupling to the phase of the fluctuating stripes in the pseudogap states of underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. In particular, we focus on the analysis techniques that reveal this evidence in scanning tunneling spectroscopy data, the definition of the extracted IUC nematic order parameter, and a phenomenological theory of the coupling between the IUC nematic order and the previously reported coexisting fluctuating stripes. We also present a microscopic mechanism of IUC nematic order driven by on-site and near-neighbor repulsions. Finally we discuss open questions in the context of these results.
Southeast Asia ‘Inside Out,’ 1300–1800: A Perspective from the Interior

Despite the serious studies of the past century, the history of Mainland Southeast Asia is still poorly understood. This is not to say that we do not have numerous studies of particular countries and events in individual countries; but, despite the efforts of Victor Lieberman, Anthony Reid, and others, we still lack a comprehensive sense of the dynamics of the premodern history of long periods on a region-wide basis.
Influence of nonstoichiometry on the Verwey transition.

The dependence of the Verwey transition temperature on the nonstoichiometry of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3(1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}})}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ has been characterized by thermomagnetic analysis of the initial permeability in magnetite single crystals subjected to subsolidus controlled oxygen fugacity annealing. Nonstoichiometry depresses the transition temperature, which is a maximum for \ensuremath{\delta}=0. For extreme levels of cation deficiency, a second-order transition occurs at 120 K. An anomaly is reported at 250 K.
Influence of bonding chemistry on the reordering/resolvation of silica immobilized alkyl chains

Abstract The reordering/resolvation of silica modified with mono-, di-, and trireactive alkylsilanes has been studied. Under totally aqueous conditions, the onset for reordering has been found to begin at approximately the same temperature irrespective of the attachment chemistry. These results support the idea that bonding occurs heterogeneously in patches and that within a patch spacing is controlled by silanol concentration.
Age Differences in the Response of California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) to Conspecific Alarm Calls

Juvenile California ground squirrel responses to adult alarm calls and juvenile alarm calling may be modified during development to achieve adult form. Adult conspecific chatter and whistle alarm calls were played back to juvenile and adult ground squirrels at an agricultural field site. In response to chatter playbacks, adults spent more time visually orienting to the environment and less time out of view and in covered habitats than juveniles: the converse was true in response to whistle playbacks. To test the evocativeness of juvenile calling, a subset of adult subjects received juvenile chatter and whistle playbacks. Adults spent less time out of view to juvenile call types than to adult calls, and showed more similar responses to juvenile chatters and whistles than to adult chatters and whistles. Age differences in the ground squirrel's alarm call system may reflect adjustments to changing risks during development.
PIM1 phosphorylates and negatively regulates ASK1-mediated apoptosis

The serine/threonine kinase, PIM1, is involved in promoting cell survival in part by phosphorylation and inhibition of proapoptotic proteins. Apoptosis signaling kinase 1 (ASK1), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, is involved in the so-called stress-activated pathways that contribute to apoptotic cell death. Here we show that PIM1 phosphorylates ASK1 specifically on serine residue 83 (Ser83) both in vitro and in vivo and that PIM1 binds to ASK1 in cells by co-immunoprecipitation. Using H1299 cells, our results further demonstrate that PIM1 phosphorylation of ASK1 decreases its kinase activity induced by oxidative stress. PIM1 phosphorylation of ASK1 on Ser83 inhibited ASK1-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation as well as p38 kinase phosphorylation. Under H(2)O(2)-induced stress conditions that normally lead to apoptosis, these phosphorylation events were associated with inhibition of caspase-3 activation and resulted in reduced cell death. Moreover, knockdown of PIM1 in H1299 cells decreased phosphorylation of endogenous Ser83 of ASK1 and was associated with a decrease in cell viability after H(2)O(2) treatment. Taken together, these data reveal a novel mechanism by which PIM1 promotes cell survival that involves negative regulation of the stress-activated kinase, ASK1.
A cyclic plasticity model for single crystals

Abstract The Armstrong–Frederick type kinematic hardening rule was invoked to capture the Bauschinger effect of the cyclic plastic deformation of a single crystal. The yield criterion and flow rule were built on individual slip systems. Material memory was introduced to describe strain range dependent cyclic hardening. The experimental results of copper single crystals were used to evaluate the cyclic plasticity model. It was found that the model was able to accurately describe the cyclic plastic deformation and properly reflect the dislocation substructure evolution. The well-known three distinctive regimes in the cyclic stress–strain curve of the copper single crystals oriented for single slip can be reproduced by using the model. The model can predict the enhanced hardening for crystals oriented for multislip, showing the model's ability to describe anisotropic cyclic plasticity. For a given loading history, the model was able to capture not only the saturated stress–strain response but also the detailed transient stress–strain evolution. The model was used to predict the cyclic plasticity under a high–low loading sequence. Both the stress–strain responses and the microstructural evolution can be appropriately described through the slip system activation.
Perspective on “Some recent developments in the theory of molecular energy levels”

Conical intersections of two potential-energy surfaces have the obvious, but important, effect of facilitating radiationless decay of the excited state. They. also have a less obvious, but potentially more general, impact on single and multisurface dynamics through the geometric phase effect. The geometric phase effect, the subject of this perspective, requires that the adiabatic electronic wavefunction, real-valued and continuous with respect to nuclear coordinates, change sign when transported along a closed loop — a pseudorotation path — surrounding a single point of conical intersection. This was discovered by Longuet-Higgins in 1958 and carefully described in papers between 1958 and 1963. In the title article Longuet-Higgins demonstrates, in the context of a theoretical exposition of the dynamic Jahn—Teller (and Renner—Teller) effects, the connection between conical intersections and the geometric phase effect, and establishes the consequences of the geometric phase effect in nuclear dynamics. Since that time appreciation of the importance of the geometric phase effect has increased enormously aided in no small measure by Berry’s 1984 work that established the role of the geometric phase effect in general adiabatic processes. That work spurred research in areas well outside the realm of molecular spectroscopy/dynamics. However, recent work demonstrating the prevalence of conical intersections of two Born—Oppenheimer states of the same symmetry suggests that conical intersections and the geometric phase effect will be issues of significant importance in molecular/ chemical dynamics in the next century.
Polar cap models of gamma-ray pulsars: Emision from single poles of nearly aligned rotators

We compare a new Monte Carlo simulation of polar cap models for gamma-ray pulsars with observations of sources detected above 10 MeV by the Compton Observatory (CGRO). We find that for models in which the inclination of the magnetic axis is comparable to the angular radius of the polar cap, the radiation from a single cap may exhibit a pusle with either a single broad peak as in PSR 1706-44 and PSR 1055-52, or a doubly peaked profile comparable to those observed from the Crab, Vela and Geminga pulsars. In general, double pulses are seen by observers whose line of sight penetrates into the cap interior and are due to enhanced emission near the rim. For cascades induced by culvature radiation, increased rim emission occurs even when electrons are accelerated over the entire cap, since electrons from the interior escape along magnetic field lines with less curvature and hence emit less radiation. However, we obtain better fits to the duty cycles of observed profiles if we make the empirical assumption that acceleration occurs only near the rim. In either case, the model energy spectra are consistent with most of the observed sources. The beaming factors expected from nearly aligned rotators, based on standard estimates for the cap radius, imply that their luminosities need not be as large as in the case of orthogonal rotators. However, small beam angles are also a difficutly with this model because they imply low detection probablities. In either case the polar cap radius is a critical factor, and in this context we point out that plasma loading of the field lines should make the caps larger than the usual estimates based on pure dipole fields.
Rapid biomineralization of chitosan microparticles to apply in bone regeneration

The aim of this study was to prepare bone like mineral (BLM) layers rapidly on the exterior surfaces of chitosan (CS) microparticles (MPs). The CS MPs were fabricated using a scale-up double emulsification method. The CS MPs were in the spherical shape and the size of 30–60 μm. The MPs were then placed in 5× concentrated simulated body fluid (5 × SBF) and allowed to undergo biomineralization to form a BLM layers on the surface of CS MPs at 37°C over a 24 h period. The BML layers on the exterior surface of CS MPs were characterized using wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was dissolved at a concentration of 1 μg/ml in 5 × SBF to incorporate into the BLM layer. The CS MPs (100 mg) were incubated in a sample of 4 ml of 5 × SBF containing IGF-1 at a concentration of 1 μg/ml for 24 h. The IGF-1 release from BML layers on CS MPs were studied by placing MPs in 4 ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and incubating MPs at 37°C for 30 days. Samples (100 μl) were taken over the course of the 30 days and analyzed using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The release IGF-1 from BML layers was in a burst manner followed by a sustained release during the 30-day period. This study suggests that the CS MPs have the potential to be used to help deliver therapeutic drugs to localized areas and hence increase and accelerate bone growth.
The influences of social aspects of competition in goal-setting situations

The influences of goals with the evaluation and comparison aspects of competition on task performance were examined in a laboratory experiment. University students were asked to do their best, set a goal, or were assigned moderately or extremely difficult goals for their performance on an idea-generation task. Competition was introduced by informing half the students that their performance would be evaluated and compared to others involved in the experiment. Competition did result in higher self-set goals, but did not significantly influence idea generation performance, self-efficacy, or goal commitment. However, participants’ subjective competitiveness did correlate with task performance, goal commitment, and self-efficacy. Discussion focused on the relation of these findings to existing research on goal setting and competition. Additionally, the importance of subjective competitiveness, performance evaluation, and social comparison in goal-setting situations are discussed.