cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increased Wisdom From the Ashes of Ignorance and Surprise: Numerically-Driven Inferencing, Global Warming, and Other Exemplar Realms

What one knows, what one does not know, and what one wants—as well as the dynamics among them—play major roles in psychology. We herein discuss such dynamics—namely, learning—as a desire-driven, generative process that increases knowledge and wisdom through cycles in which incoming information (a) exposes new areas of ignorance, (b) changes one's preferences, and (c) creates an appetite for more knowledge. Evidence is presented that shows that when salient feedback along two described dimensions—numerical and/or mechanistic—conflicts with one's estimates, predictions, or explanations, it can trigger surprise, which in turn produces wisdom-enhancing conceptual change. Highlighting ignorance's importance in increasing wisdom, we describe (1) interventions utilizing surprising information (for instance, from our Numerically Driven Inferencing paradigm), and (2) a specific focus on global warming as a touchstone for increasing wisdom, which includes (3) a direct-to-the-public website for fostering conceptual changes regarding that central phenomenon of climate change (www.HowGlobalWarmingWorks.org).
A Framework for Incentivizing Deep Fixes

We study the problem of how to incentivize deep fixes to software bugs, where a deep fix attempts to correct the root cause of the bug instead of just suppressing it superficially. To this end we introduce a dynamic model of the software engineering ecosystem. We then solve this problem by proposing subsumption mechanisms. In a subsumption mechanism, deeper fixes can replace or subsume shallower fixes and a worker’s payoff increases if his fix subsumes other fixes. We use a solution concept known as mean field equilibrium, an approximation methodology suited to large market settings. Taking a computational approach, we simulate the dynamic model of the ecosystem with subsumption mechanisms. Our algorithm achieves convergence and thus estimates a mean field equilibrium. We further compare our mechanism to baseline mechanisms using metrics, such as percentage of bugs receiving deep fixes, rate of bugs fixed, and cost to the user. Simulation results indicate that the subsumption mechanism performs favourably versus the baseline mechanisms.
Impact of Celebrity Endorsements on Brand Image

Celebrity endorsement has been established as one of the most popular tools of advertising in recent time. It has become a trend and perceived as a winning formula for product marketing and brand building. It is easy to choose a celebrity but it is tough to establish a strong association between the product and the endorser. While the magnitude of the impact of celebrity endorsement remains under the purview of gray spectacles, this paper is an effort to analyze the impact of celebrity endorsements on brands. Objective of this article is to examine the relationship between celebrity endorsements and brands, and the impact of celebrity endorsement on consumer's buying behavior as well as how consumer makes brand preferences. This paper proposes a 20 point model which can be used as blue-print criteria and can be used by brand managers for selecting celebrities and capitalizing the celebrity resource through 360 degree brand communication which, according to this paper, is the foundation of the impact of celebrity endorsement. Celebrity endorsement is always a two-edged sword and it has a number of positives - if properly matched it can do wonders for the company, and if not it may produce a bad image of the company and its brand.
A dedicated network for social interaction processing in the primate brain

Primate cognition requires interaction processing. Interactions can reveal otherwise hidden properties of intentional agents, such as thoughts and feelings, and of inanimate objects, such as mass and material. Where and how interaction analyses are implemented in the brain is unknown. Using whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging in macaque monkeys, we discovered a network centered in the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex that is exclusively engaged in social interaction analysis. Exclusivity of specialization was found for no other function anywhere in the brain. Two additional networks, a parieto-premotor and a temporal one, exhibited both social and physical interaction preference, which, in the temporal lobe, mapped onto a fine-grain pattern of object, body, and face selectivity. Extent and location of a dedicated system for social interaction analysis suggest that this function is an evolutionary forerunner of human mind-reading capabilities.
Machine learning provides predictive analysis into silver nanoparticle protein corona formation from physicochemical properties

Proteins encountered in biological and environmental systems bind to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to form a protein corona (PC) that alters the surface chemistry, reactivity, and fate of the ENMs. Complexities such as the diversity of the PC and variation with ENM properties and reaction conditions make the PC population difficult to predict. Here, we support the development of predictive models for PC populations by relating biophysicochemical characteristics of proteins, ENMs, and solution conditions to PC formation using random forest classification. The resulting model offers a predictive analysis into the population of PC proteins in Ag ENM systems of various ENM size and surface coatings. With an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.83 and F1-score of 0.81, a model with strong performance has been constructed based upon experimental data. The weighted contribution of each variable provides recommendations for mechanistic models based upon protein enrichment classification results. Protein biophysical properties such as pI and weight are weighted heavily. Yet, ENM size, surface charge, and solution ionic strength also proved essential to an accurate model. The model can be readily modified and applied to other ENM PC populations. The model presented here represents the first step toward robust predictions of PC fingerprints.
ANCA: Anharmonic Conformational Analysis of Biomolecular Simulations.

Anharmonicity in time-dependent conformational fluctuations is noted to be a key feature of functional dynamics of biomolecules. Although anharmonic events are rare, long-timescale (μs-ms and beyond) simulations facilitate probing of such events. We have previously developed quasi-anharmonic analysis to resolve higher-order spatial correlations and characterize anharmonicity in biomolecular simulations. In this article, we have extended this toolbox to resolve higher-order temporal correlations and built a scalable Python package called anharmonic conformational analysis (ANCA). ANCA has modules to: 1) measure anharmonicity in the form of higher-order statistics and its variation as a function of time, 2) output a storyboard representation of the simulations to identify key anharmonic conformational events, and 3) identify putative anharmonic conformational substates and visualization of transitions between these substates.
Improving the performance of virtual crossmatch results by correlating with nationally-performed physical crossmatches: Obtaining additional value from proficiency testing activities.

Abstract Purpose When donor specific HLA antibodies (DSA) are identified, the predictive value of whether a certain strength of reactivity (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) leads to a positive crossmatch is uncertain. To determine this, we compared the DSA MFI results we generated locally for nationally distributed proficiency samples against the percentage of other laboratories reporting a positive crossmatch. Method DSA MFI from single antigen beads reported by our laboratory for nationally-distributed proficiency testing survey samples was compared against the aggregate percentage of participating laboratories reporting the crossmatch positive using direct, antiglobulin-enhanced microcytotoxic (CDC-AHG), or flow cytometric methods from 2011 to 2015. Results 180 surveys were analyzed. Positive CDC-AHG and flow cytometric crossmatches were associated with MFI greater than 8554 and 2748 respectively for HLA class I, and 6919 and 3707 respectively for class II. Institutional MFI less than 3000 had high positive predictive values (0.98, 0.85, 0.81) for negative direct, AHG, and flow crossmatches, while MFI greater than 8000 had high negative predictive values for a positive direct, AHG, and flow crossmatches (1.00, 1.00, 0.97). Conclusion Review of locally-generated MFI results as part of participating in proficiency testing allow for predictability of crossmatch results against other laboratories, providing a replicable model for other participating centers.
Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Bedded Salt Formations

The considerations involved in the evaluation of the suitability of any geological formations for the disposal of radioactive wastes are illustrated by summarizing some of the studies performed in ...
Cloning of Neurofibrillary Tangle-Related Genes

In the past few years it has become increasingly clear that the neuronal microtubular system is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Electron microscopists were among the first to observe the relative paucity of microtubules in NFT-containing neurons. The microtubular system was later implicated immunochemically, based on an antiserum that cross-reacted with NFT and microtubules.1 In 1980 Eng et al.2 demonstrated that the cross-reactive element between microtubules and NFT was not the tubulin, which is the most abundant component of microtubules, because antibodies to tubulin did not cross-react with NFT. Attention turned to the microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) which are a class of proteins that cycle with microtubules through temperature-dependent phases of polymerization/depolymerization and are morphologically associated with the microtubule system. One of the possible functions of the MAPs is to stabilize the microtubules against depolymerization3 and modulate their dynamic instability.4 Relative to other tissues the brain contains an abundance of microtubules and appears to have evolved its own system of MAPs. Brain MAPs have been divided into a high molecular weight group and a heterogeneous protein of 55–62 kDa designated tau. As seen on SDS-PAGE the high molecular weight group consists of a complex series of bands designated MAP15 and a doublet of approximately 280 kDa designated MAP2. Additional MAPs with unique tissue distributions and developmental chronologies have been described as well as “light chains” and kinases that bear a close association with those MAPs mentioned above.6 Of the various MAPs in brain, MAP2 is the most abundant.
Systematic molecular model development with reliable charge distributions for gaseous adsorption in nanoporous materials

Adsorption technology using nanoporous materials has recently drawn considerable attention as a potentially energy-efficient approach for gas removal. To expedite the search for adsorbent candidates, molecular simulations play a critical role and their successful employment highly depends on the reliable description of the molecules. For this purpose, we develop a systematic and robust scheme for the model development of small gaseous molecules. This scheme enables an exhaustive and efficient search over all possible model parameters. By incorporating ab initio density functional theory calculations, the number and location of pseudo-sites as well as their atomic charge assignment can be efficiently determined with an accurate representation of the electrostatic potential (ESP) surface of the molecules. Subsequently, the van der Waals interaction parameters of the model are fitted to reproduce the experimental vapor–liquid equilibrium. This method has two major advantages: (1) accurate ESP surface descriptions of the developed models, and (2) significantly improved computational efficiency due to the decoupling of the force field parameters. As a proof of concept, we develop hydrogen sulfide (H2S) models, in the hope of using accurate H2S models to facilitate the discovery of potential adsorbents for its removal. It is found that an adequate H2S model should possess at least 2 massless sites, leading to models having five or more sites in order to describe the ESP with high accuracy. These models are demonstrated to well describe the adsorption phenomena of H2S in nanoporous materials, as well as to reproduce a variety of experimentally determined liquid properties. An extensive comparison to other existing H2S models is also carried out, where our models show substantial improvements. Furthermore, with the developed models, the adsorption properties of H2S in more than 160 siliceous zeolites are investigated, and a number of promising candidates are identified for H2S removal. The method and H2S models developed herein would pave the way for future studies on the discovery of cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for numerous applications.
Diverse segments of the US public underestimate the environmental concerns of minority and low-income Americans.

In a nationally representative survey experiment, diverse segments of the US public underestimated the environmental concerns of nonwhite and low-income Americans and misperceived them as lower than those of white and more affluent Americans. Moreover, both whites and nonwhites and higher- and lower-income respondents associated the term “environmentalist” with whites and the well-educated, suggesting that shared cultural stereotypes may drive these misperceptions. This environmental belief paradox—a tendency to misperceive groups that are among the most environmentally concerned and most vulnerable to a wide range of environmental impacts as least concerned about the environment—was largely invariant across demographic groups and also extended to the specific issue of climate change. Suggesting these beliefs are malleable, exposure to images of a racially diverse (vs. nondiverse) environmental organization in an embedded randomized experiment reduced the perceived gap between whites’ and nonwhites’ environmental concerns and strengthened associations between nonwhites and the category “environmentalists” among minority respondents. These findings suggest that stereotypes about others’ environmental attitudes may pose a barrier to broadening public engagement with environmental initiatives, particularly among populations most vulnerable to negative environmental impacts.
Quickest Detection of Time-varying False Data Injection Attacks in Dynamic Smart Grids

Quickest detection of false data injection attacks (FDIAs) in dynamic smart grids is considered in this paper. The unknown time-varying state variables of the smart grid and the FDIAs impose a significant challenge for designing a computationally efficient detector. To address this challenge, we propose new Cumulative-Sum-type algorithms with computational complex scaling linearly with the number of meters. Moreover, for any constraint on the expected false alarm period, a lower bound on the threshold employed in the proposed algorithm is provided. For any given threshold employed in the proposed algorithm, an upper bound on the worstcase expected detection delay is also derived. The proposed algorithm is numerically investigated in the context of an IEEE standard power system under FDIAs, and is shown to outperform some representative algorithm in the test case.
Cyber-Physical Systems

In this chapter, we first introduce the concept of the cyber physical systems (CPS) and explain the importance of privacy and security in CPS. Then, we present four different applications of CPS in the real world and briefly summarize the state-of-art research and the research challenges for the privacy preservation and big data analysis in these CPS systems. In this chapter, we provide content outlines for the rest of the book.
Nonstationary frequency analysis of the recent extreme precipitation events in the United States

Abstract The intensification of the hydrologic cycle due to climate change is likely to influence the extreme precipitation characteristics (i.e., intensity, duration and frequency). These precipitation characteristics are integrated to construct Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves that are widely used to design civil infrastructure systems. These IDF curves are typically derived based on the stationary assumption, however, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events likely to become nonstationary as a consequence of climate change. During the past decades, unusual extreme precipitation events with more than thousand-year return periods were recorded in the United States. This study investigates the nonstationary nature of the most recent extreme precipitation events occurred over different durations (1-, 3- and 5-days) by incorporating time-varying covariates, such as time, maximum temperature, mean temperature, and the El Nino Southern Oscillation cycle (ENSO). The nonstationary frequency analysis for these extreme events was conducted using nonstationary Generalized Extreme Value distribution by incorporating the time-varying covariates. It was observed that most of the temporal evolution of extreme precipitation events follow the nonstationary pattern, which may be due to the increase in the magnitude of recent extreme precipitation events, especially during hurricane events. Different combination of covariates can potentially influence the nonstationary frequency analysis, and the type of covariate may differ when the accumulated period of extreme precipitation event increased. Based on the Nonstationary Extreme Value Analysis, the return periods associated with extreme precipitation events significantly reduced compared to the stationary approach.
A Success Story: Advances in Treatment and Lower Disease Prevalence of Hepatitis C Has a Large Impact on Medical Plan Costs.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate medical and pharmaceutical costs and health outcomes among commercially insured members treated for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections from a large, academic institution. METHODS Data are derived from the University of Texas System (UT SELECT) medical and pharmacy claims database. This study is a retrospective claims analysis of secondary, deidentified data from 2006 to 2016. RESULTS The number of HCV-infected and treated patients decreased from 22.5 per 10,000 members in 2006 to 0.15 per 10,000 members in 2016 (P < 0.0001). Medical and pharmacy paid per member per month (PMPM) costs were highest among HCV-infected members with advanced liver disease (total paid PMPM = $2737, medical PMPM = $1537, pharmacy PMPM = $1200). CONCLUSIONS The declining prevalence of acute HCV infections and the introduction of efficacious HCV treatment options for chronic HCV in this commercial population have resulted in significant reductions in HCV-related medical claims and the clinical sequelae of advanced liver diseases. Although HCV treatment to achieve sustained viral response remains expensive, the prevention of advanced liver disease decreased system-wide medical costs for this insured population.
Interaction and intervention with mothers and their cerebral-palsied infants

SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION Brooks-Gunn, J., & Lewis, M. (1984). Maternal responsivity in interactions with handicapped infants. Child Development, 55, 782-793. Buckhalt, J., Rutherford, B., & Goldberg, K. (1978). Verbal and nonverbal interaction of mothers with their Down's syndrome and nonretarded infants. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 82, 337-343. Bui urn, N., Rynders, J., & Turnure, J. (1974). Early maternal linguistic environment of normal and Down's syndrome language learning children. American Journal of Menta 1 Deficiency, 79, 52-58. Cardoso-Martins, C., & Mervis, C. (1985). Maternal speech to pre 1inguistic children with Down's syndrome. Ameri can Journal of Menta 1 Deficiency, 89, 451-458. Cicchetti, D., & Sroufe, A. (1976). The relationship between affective and cognitive development in Down's syndrome infants. Child Development, 47, 920-929. Cicchetti, D., & Sroufe, A. (1978). An organizational view of affect: Illustration from the study of Down's syndrome. In M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum (Eds.), The deve1opment of affect (pp. 309-350). New York: Plenum. Cook, A., & Culp, R. (1981, August). Non verba 1 communications in Down's syndrome and normal infant mother interactfons. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, Cali fornia. Dunst, C. (1980, April). Sty 1 es of maternal interaction: Mothers and their retarded infants and mothers and thei r nonretarded Tnfants. Paper presented at the meeting of the Second International Conference on Infant Studies, New Haven, Connecticut.
A Clash of Civilizations

The Clash of Civilizations is a theoretical concept postulating that, since the end of the Cold War, individuals’ cultural and religious identities have been the main reasons for conflict and divisions between civilizations. These reasons for conflict and divisions occur across the world and will intensify in the future.
Splenic metastases - hematogenous disease or invasive peritoneal implants? Case reports of two patients.

Background Metastases from gastrointestinal and gynecologic malignancy may occur through lymphatic channels, through venules of the cancer or into the peritoneal space. The metastatic process involves lymphatic, hematogenous or transcoelomic dissemination. Methods Two patients with splenic metastases are presented. Their clinical course is presented in an attempt to identify the route of cancer dissemination to the spleen. Lymphatic, hematogenous, or transcoelomic patterns of cancer dissemination are possible. Transcoelomic cancer dissemination into the peritoneal space results in peritoneal metastases. Results In a woman with ovarian cancer peritoneal metastases, a large lesion within the parenchyma of the spleen was described. This disease was present at multiple other sites as peritoneal metastases but no hematogenous or lymphatic metastases. A second patient with mucinous appendiceal neoplasm with peritoneal metastases was studied. Hematogenous metastases from this malignancy is extremely rare and lymphatic metastases were not present at the time of right colon resection. After studying these two patients, our hypothesis is that splenic metastases result from transcoelomic dissemination to the splenic hilum or splenic notches with progression of disease into the parenchyma of the spleen. Conclusions When oncologists are considering aggressive local-regional treatments for peritoneal metastases important patient management decisions are influenced by the presence versus absence of hematogenous metastases. We suggest that the presence of splenic metastases does not indicate systemic (hematogenous) or lymphatic metastatic process but an extension of peritoneal metastases at the hilum of the spleen or within splenic notches deep into the parenchyma of the spleen.
Security Vulnerabilities of Server-Centric Wireless Datacenters

Wireless datacenter network is an emerging technology. Recent works have shown that by utilizing millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communication, the power consumption of the networking equipment of datacenters can be reduced drastically. However, security of a datacenter is one of the highest design priorities. Many studies on the security of wired datacenters including identifying the possible threats and solutions have been explored in the literature. On the contrary, being an emerging technology, no study has been conducted on the security for the wireless datacenters. Moreover, being a wireless system, it also inherits most of the threats of a typical wireless system if not all. So, in order to successfully realize wireless datacenter architectures, it is essential to do an extensive investigation of the system from a security perspective. In this paper, we have done an extensive study on the possible threats and their impact on the wireless datacenter network. We showed that eavesdropping, denial of services, and jamming attacks are the most critical security threats for wireless datacenters.
Bedside agitated saline test confirming diagnosis of anomalous right superior caval vein draining into the left atrium

Cardiology was called to review a neonate with cyanosis at 6 hours of life. The oxygen saturations averaged 70% at baseline with no preductal and postductal difference. No cardiac murmurs were heard, but the chest X-ray showed an enlarged heart. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) demonstrated a small patent arterial duct and a patent oval foramen, both with left-to-right flow across. TTE also showed dilatation of the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV) (figure 1A), suggesting increased flow to the left—heart (figure 1B). The atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections were normal. Figure 1 Image panel outlining the diagnostic approach to the echocardiographic evaluation of the patient. …
RESISTANCE EVALUATION OF MODERN RICE VARIETIES TO BROWN PLANTHOPPER Nilaparvata lugens STÅL

Resistance evaluation of modern rice varieties to brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens STAL. The research was performedto understand the resistance of modern rice varieties to the field population of brown planthopper (BPH). The researchstudied BPH settling preference, numbers of laid eggs, and functional plant loss index (FPLI) of resistant and susceptible ricevarieties. The results showed BPH were less settle and laid fewer eggs on resistant varieties. BPH significantly settled longeron TN1 than other varieties after 24 hours. The numbers of eggs laid on rice resistant varieties (Inpari 13, Inpari 31, Inpari 33,RH, and PTB33) were fewer compared to TN1. FPLI value in TN1 was the highest among the tested rice varieties. Inpari 13 hadbetter resistance to BPH compared to Inpari 31 and Inpari 33. In managing BPH in endemic areas, we recommend Inpari 13,Inpari 31, and Inpari 33 to be planted in rotation.
Heart Failure Diagnosis, Readmission, and Mortality Prediction Using Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Models

One in five people will develop heart failure (HF), and 50% of HF patients die in 5 years. The HF diagnosis, readmission, and mortality prediction are essential to develop personalized prevention and treatment plans. This review summarizes recent findings and approaches of machine learning models for HF diagnostic and outcome prediction using electronic health record (EHR) data. A set of machine learning models have been developed for HF diagnostic and outcome prediction using diverse variables derived from EHR data, including demographic, medical note, laboratory, and image data, and achieved expert-comparable prediction results. Machine learning models can facilitate the identification of HF patients, as well as accurate patient-specific assessment of their risk for readmission and mortality. Additionally, novel machine learning techniques for integration of diverse data and improvement of model predictive accuracy in imbalanced data sets are critical for further development of these promising modeling methodologies.
Effects of ad libitum feeding and prefeeding on operant responding in sign- and goal-tracking rats

Abstract Sign-tracking and goal-tracking are behavioral tendencies in which Pavlovian conditioned responses are directed either toward the cue for an unconditioned stimulus (sign-tracking) or toward the location of an unconditioned stimulus delivery (goal-tracking). The current study examined operant response rates in sign- (n = 7) and goal-tracking (n = 11) Wistar rats under a restricted feeding schedule, ad libitum access to food, and reinforcer devaluation by prefeeding either the same or a different flavored pellet reinforcer. Only goal-tracking subjects significantly decreased their response rates after reinforcer devaluation by prefeeding, and only when the flavor used in prefeeding matched the reinforcer flavor. Both groups of subjects decreased responding under ad libitum food access compared to a 16-h food restriction schedule, but this effect size was larger in goal-tracking rats. These results extend recent findings that sign-trackers are more likely than goal-trackers to continue conditioned responding after unconditioned stimulus devaluation during operant conditioning.
Annealed Ti3C2Tz MXene Films for Oxidation-Resistant Functional Coatings

Two-dimensional transition metal carbide and nitride nanomaterials, known as MXenes, exhibit low chemical stability in aqueous environments; they tend to oxidize and react with water molecules, res...
How young children engage in and shift between reference frames when playing with coding toys

Abstract This research explores reference frames and reference frame shifts among young children (ages 5 and 6) as they are learning to program with a commercial coding toy. To date, little is known about reference frames used by young children in toy-based coding. Video recordings of 16 children engaging in two programming tasks were collected. Results from an analysis of 240 min of video data indicate that young children engage in shifts of reference frames when learning to program, however, young children do not have a precise coordination system. The present study proposes two additional reference frames, ProtoEgocentric and ProtoAllocentric, that allow for the consideration of developmental imprecision in children. The most common reference frame shift observed was ProtoAllocentric to ProtoEgocentric, which accounted for 47.4% of all shifts across sites and contexts. Three cases are presented to illustrate reference frame shifts and how children’s developmental imprecision affects their experience.
Let's Talk It Out: A Chatbot for Effective Study Habit Behavioral Change

Research has shown study habits and skills to be correlated with academic success, calling for a deeper comprehension of these behaviors and processes to design effective interventions for struggling students. Chatbots have recently been used as a persuasive technology to help support behavioral change, making them an intriguing design space for students' study habits and skills. This paper investigated the feasibility of using chatbots for promoting behavioral change of college students majoring in Computer Science (CS). We conducted semi-structured interviews with CS peer-tutors and surveyed university freshmen to understand students' study habits and identify technical intervention opportunities. Inspired by the findings, we designed StudyBuddy, a chatbot prototype deployed in Slack that periodically sends tips, provides assessments of students' study habits via surveys, helps the students break down assignments, recommends academic resources, and sends reminders. We evaluated the usability of the prototype in-depth with 8 students (both first-year and senior students) and 5 course instructors followed by a large scale evaluative survey (n=117) using video of the prototype. Our research identified important design challenges such as building trust and preserving privacy, limiting interaction costs, and supporting both immediate and long-term sustainable support. Likewise, we proposed design recommendations that demonstrate context awareness, personalize the experience based on user preferences, and adapt over time as students mature and grow.
Heterogeneous cutaneous findings associated with intrauterine HSV infection: A case series and literature review.

Background/objective Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection acquired in utero may present with non-vesicular dermatologic findings in affected newborns, which may pose a diagnostic dilemma. We aimed to describe and assess the range of non-vesiculobullous skin lesions that neonates with intrauterine HSV infection may manifest at birth. Methods We collected a multicenter case series and conducted a literature review of neonates with intrauterine HSV infection presenting with non-vesiculobullous cutaneous lesions. Results Twenty-two cases were reviewed, including six managed clinically by members of our team and 16 identified in the literature. Four (18%) were associated with twin pregnancies, and thirteen (59%) cases occurred in premature infants. Only four (18%) mothers had a documented history of HSV infection. Twelve (55%) cases resulted in poor outcomes, including long-term neurologic sequelae or death. Cutaneous manifestations included erosions, ulcerations, crusted papules or plaques, calcinosis cutis, excoriations, macules (erythematous, hypopigmented, or hyperpigmented), cutaneous atrophy, contractures, and bruising. About one-third of neonates developed new-onset vesicular lesions within a week of birth; in each of these cases, accurate diagnosis and therapy were delayed until appearance of vesicles. Conclusions The range of dermatologic findings associated with intrauterine HSV is extremely broad, and the various morphologies present at birth likely reflect different stages of the ongoing evolution of an HSV infection that began in utero. Clinicians should have a low threshold for HSV testing in premature neonates born with atypical cutaneous lesions, since early detection and treatment of HSV may reduce morbidity and mortality from systemic complications.
Double-Extortion Ransomware: A Technical Analysis of Maze Ransomware

In cybersecurity, reverse engineering attempts to take malware apart to learn how it works in hopes of detecting and reversing the malware’s effects. This includes decrypting files when dealing with ransomware and learning how hackers write these programs in hopes of preventing future attacks. Ransomware takes all or part of the files in a device and encrypts them, demanding a ransom payment to restore access to the files. In this project, the techniques, tactics, and procedures of Maze ransomware were examined. Maze is a new type of double-extortion ransomware that is intended to 1) infect a target system, 2) steal sensitive files from the system, 3) encrypt files on the system and then demand a ransom to recover the files, and, finally 4) make a second ransom attempt by threatening to leak the sensitive files. This double-extortion characteristic of Maze and related ransomware means that if the ransom is not paid, the files from a compromised system may be released on the Internet by the malware authors. The purpose of this project is to understand the processes and tools used in malware reverse engineering of ransomware malware for future detection and prevention.
Mitochondrial calpain inhibition restores defective SR-mitochondrial crosstalk in CPVT rat myocytes.

Cardiac RYR2-mediated sarcoplasmic Ca2+ (SR) release is essential for matching increased energy demand during fight-or-flight response with mitochondrial metabolic output by delivering Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix to activate Ca2+-dependent Krebs cycle dehydrogenases. RYR2 complex gain-of-function mutations associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) have been linked to mitochondrial structural damage and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite being critical for arrhythmogenesis in CPVT, the exact causes of these phenomena remain undetermined. Taking advantage of a new rat model of CPVT induced by heterozygous RYR2 gain-of-function mutation S2222L, we tested how RYR2 overactivity alters mitochondrial Ca2+ and ROS handling, and how these changes cause mitochondrial structural defects. Injection of epinephrine (1 mg/kg) and caffeine (120 mg/kg) induced bigamy and bidirectional VT in vivo in 100% of CPVT rats. Simultaneous whole-cell patch clamp and confocal Ca2+-imaging demonstrated that under β-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (50 nM), CPVT ventricular myocytes (VMs) exhibited severe Ca2+ mishandling and high propensity for generation of spontaneous Ca2+ waves (SCWs) that cause arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations. Diminished Ca2+ transient amplitude in CPVT VMs resulted in a significant reduction in mitochondrial matrix-[Ca2+], and thereby a mito-ROS surge, visualized using matrix-targeted biosensors mtRCaMP1h and MLS-HyPer, respectively. Importantly, using novel Ca2+-biosensors targeted to intermembrane space (IMS-GECO), we uncovered that [Ca2+] in this compartment reaches 1 µM, sufficient for activation of Ca2+-dependent protease μ-calpain. Adenoviral overexpression of IMS-targeted calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor, reduced mito-ROS, restored cytosolic Ca2+ transient amplitude and SR Ca2+ content, and reduced RYR2-mediated SCWs in CPVT VMs. These changes were paralleled by restored expression levels of OPA1, a mitochondrial structural protein responsible for tight cristae organization. Our data suggest that enhanced mito-ROS due to matrix-[Ca2+] reduction in CPVT VMs and unexpectedly high IMS-[Ca2+] promotes IMS-calpain-mediated degradation of OPA1, resulting in mitochondrial structural damage that contributes to proarrhythmic remodeling.
Development of a biophotonics option within a photonics technology degree program

Albuquerque Technical Vocational Institute (TVI) has developed a collaboration with the National Science Foundation (NSF) Center for Biophotonics Science and Technology (CBST) headquartered at the University of California, Davis in order to develop a transportable biophotonics curriculum for community colleges. A "Biophotonics Option" has been developed within the well-established Photonics Technology Degree program at TVI, centered on two elective courses ("Introduction to Biophotonics" and "Biophotonics Applications"). In addition, TVI is a part of the "Albuquerque Model" that involves exposure to photonics education from the middle school level through graduate education at the University of New Mexico.
Labor Markets, Worker Organization, and Variation in Labor Codes in Latin America

While political scientists have devoted considerable effort to understanding the dynamics of reforms to welfare policy and state spending, they have not yet adequately explained persistent cross-national labor code variation. This paper develops a theory based on labor market characteristics, worker organization, and political institutions to explain intra-regional variation in labor laws within Latin America. Statistical evidence employing an original coding of labor law provisions for eighteen countries confirms the importance of worker skill levels and organizational ability in accounting for labor code differences, as well as provides weaker results on the importance of regime type and partisan politics.
The Design of Scaffolding in Game-based Learning: A Formative Evaluation

instructional games fluctuate between “restricted play” and “free play.” highly structured games with lots of corrective feedback can be less engaging, whereas unstructured games with minimal feedback can lead to frustration. this mixed methods, formative evaluation study investigated how designers might find the balance between too much and too little learner support in an instructional game’s design prior to actually programming the scaffolding by giving varying types of support to the subgroups outside of the actual program. Four “live” coaches were assigned to sets of learner pairs and played specific scaffolding “roles” based on levels of prescriptiveness and intrusiveness. learners were asked to think aloud as their voices and screen interactions were video recorded. Findings indicated the students in this study preferred intrusive and prescriptive scaffolding. however, the students’ failure to make content connections indicates the need for more specific scaffolding to support learning acquisition and transfer.
Enhanced and inhibited visible spontaneous emission by atoms in a confocal resonator

It has long been recognized that the spontaneous emission rate of an atom can be influenced by the mode structure of a resonator in which it is contained.1 Recently, several experiments have demonstrated such changes in spontaneous emission at microwave and longer wavelengths.2-4
Parallel Partitioning Strategies for the Adaptive Solution of Conservation Laws

We describe and examine the performance of adaptive methods for solving hyperbolic systems of conservation laws on massively parallel computers. The differential system is approximated by a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method with a hierarchical Legendre piecewise polynomial basis for the spatial discretization. Fluxes at element boundaries are computed by solving an approximate Riemann problem; a projection limiter is applied to keep the average solution monotone; time discretization is performed by Runge-Kutta integration; and a p-refinement-based error estimate is used as an enrichment indicator. Adaptive order (p-) and mesh (h-) refinement algorithms are presented and demonstrated. Using an element-based dynamic load balancing algorithm called tiling and adaptive p-refinement, parallel efficiencies of over 60% are achieved on a 1024-processor nCUBE/2 hypercube. We also demonstrate a fast, tree-based parallel partitioning strategy for three-dimensional octree-structured meshes. This method produces partition quality comparable to recursive spectral bisection at a greatly reduced cost.
Job and work analysis : methods, research, and applications for human resource management

Preface 1. Introduction Overview of the Book The Uses of Job Analysis Definitions Building Blocks of Job Analysis Methods A Couple of Job Analysis Projects 2. Work-Oriented Methods Overview of the Chapter Time-and-Motion Study Functional Job Analysis Task Inventories Critical Incident Technique Chapter Summary 3. Worker-Oriented Methods Overview of the Chapter Job Element Method Position Analysis Questionnaire Other Trait-Based Worker-Oriented Measures Cognitive Task Analysis Chapter Summary 4. Hybrid Methods Overview of the Chapter Combination Job Analysis Method Multimethod Job Design Questionnaire Occupational Information Network Chapter Summary 5. Management and Teams Overview of the Chapter Management and Leadership Job Analysis for Teams Chapter Summary 6. Job Analysis and the Law Overview of the Chapter Federal Legislation Enforcement of Equal Employment Opportunity Laws Executive orders Professional Standards Prescriptions for Job Analysis Chapter Summary 7. Job Description, Performance Appraisal, Job Evaluation, and Job Design Overview of the Chapter Job Description Performance Appraisal Job Evaluation and Compensation Job Design/Redesign Chapter Summary 8. Staffing and Training Overview of the Chapter Staffing Training Chapter Summary 9. Doing a Job Analysis Study Overview of the Chapter Matching Purpose and Job Analysis Attributes Selecting Approaches Observations and Interviews Questionnaires Analyzing Data A Note About Accuracy in Job Analysis Chapter Summary 10. The Future of Job Analysis Overview of the Chapter Changing Conditions Implications for Jobs and Job Analysis Chapter Summary A Final Note Glossary References Index About the Authors
Active jamming: Self-propelled soft particles at high density

We study numerically the phases and dynamics of a dense collection of self-propelled particles with soft repulsive interactions in two dimensions. The model is motivated by recent in vitro experiments on confluent monolayers of migratory epithelial and endothelial cells. The phase diagram exhibits a liquid phase with giant number fluctuations at low packing fraction φ and high self-propulsion speed v(0) and a jammed phase at high φ and low v(0). The dynamics of the jammed phase is controlled by the low-frequency modes of the jammed packing.
Phase-matching and nonlinear optical processes in silicon waveguides

The efficiency of four-wave-mixing arising from Raman and non-resonant nonlinear susceptibilities in silicon waveguides is studied in the 1.3–1.8µm regime. The wavelength conversion efficiency is dominated by the Raman contribution to the nonlinear susceptibility, and high conversion efficiencies can be achieved under the phase-matching condition. In this context, dispersion in silicon waveguides is analyzed and it is shown that phase-matching is achieved in properly engineered waveguides where birefringence compensates for material dispersion. Finally the sensitivity of the phase mismatch to fabrication-induced errors in waveguide dimensions is quantified.
Electronic structure of Cu(100), Ag(100), Au(100), and Cu 3 Au(100) from inverse photoemission

Important parameters of the bulk and surface electronic structure are obtained for Cu(100), Ag(100), Au(100), and ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$Au(100) surfaces using inverse photoemission with a high-resolution, tunable detector. The transitions from the Fermi level to the upper ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{1}$ s,p band are found at 10.5, 9.6, 7.9, and 10.2 eV along the [100] direction, respectively. Their widths are about 1.3 eV. Upper limits for the ${\mathrm{Χ}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ points are found from the intensity cutoff above the band edge at 1.8, 1.9, 2.3, and 1.8 eV, with the best estimates for the ${\mathrm{Χ}}_{4}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ positions at 1.8, 1.6, 1.6, and 1.8 eV. The n=1 image states are located at 4.1, 3.9, 4.75 (4.85), and 4.5 eV. A possible n=0 surface resonance is seen at 1.4, 1.3, 1.5, and 1.3 eV.
Trade-off analysis versus constrained optimization with an economic control chart model

Trade-off analysis after optimization of an economic CUSUM control chart is proposed. This procedure exploits the relatively flat response surface in the neighborhood of the optimal design. Comments are made with respect to criticisms of pure economic models and the difficulties with constrained optimization. Two previously published numerical examples are used to demonstrate that, by using trade-off analysis, large gains in statistical properties are attainable with little increase in cost. By focusing on designs with improved in-control and out-of-control run length performance, false-alarm rates can be reduced and the ability to detect process shifts quickly can be increased.
T3 receptor occupancy and metabolic responses.

The relationship between receptor occupancy and metabolic response was examined in normal rats, hypothyroid rats, and hypothyroid rats treated with various doses of T3 for one week. Serum and nuclear T3 levels were restored to normal by 0.3 — 1 μg T3/day, and increased progressively with higher dosage. Weight gain and liver weight were restored to normal by 0.3 — 3 μg T3/day and were lower with maximal doses of T3. Total nuclear polymerase activity, polymerase I activity, and mRNA content were restored to normal with 0.1 — 1 μg/day and polymerase activity decreased at highest T3 doses. α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity rose linearly with T3 dose up to the level of 15 /μg T3/day. The response curves for weight gain, liver weight, polymerase activity, and mRNA content indicate a correlation between nuclear receptor occupancy and response within the physiologic dose range, and then a decrement in these parameters as nuclear receptors are saturated, producing a condition that presumably represents hyperthyroidism. The response curve for α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity showed essential linearity until near complete saturation of the receptors was reached. α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity may represent an effect on a different group of receptors or a different steady state mechanism in comparison to other metabolic parameters measured.
Cointegration test of a long-run relation between the trade balance and the terms of trade in sixteen countries

Abstract This paper examines the impact of the terms of trade on the trade balance in 16 countries over the present flexible rate period, 1973:2 through 1992:4. The cointegration tests employed are those suggested by Stock and Watson (1993),'Johansen and Juselius (1990) and Engle and Granger (1987). The results indicate that, for a majority of the countries, there exists a positive and significant long-run “statistical equilibrium” between the trade balance and the terms of trade. The approach adopted in this study is found to be an acceptable substitute for testing the Marshall-Lerner condition of stability.