cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selected Contribution: Pulmonary hypertension in mice following intermittent hypoxia.

Sleep apnea (intermittent periods of hypoxia with or without hypercapnia) is associated with systemic hypertension and increased mortality from cardiovascular disease, but the relationship to pulmo...
Effects of individual, community, and landscape drivers on the dynamics of a wildland forest epidemic

The challenges posed by observing host-pathogen-environment interactions across large geographic extents and over meaningful time scales limit our ability to understand and manage wildland epidemics. We conducted a landscape-scale, longitudinal study designed to analyze the dynamics of sudden oak death (an emerging forest disease caused by Phytophthora ramorum) across hierarchical levels of ecological interactions, from individual hosts up to the community and across the broader landscape. From 2004-11, we annually assessed disease status of 732 coast live oak, 271 black oak and 122 canyon live oak trees in 202 plots across a 275 km2 landscape in central California. The number of infected oak stems steadily increased during the eight-year study period. A survival analysis modeling framework was used to examine which level of ecological heterogeneity best predicted infection risk of susceptible oak species, considering variability at the level of individuals (species identity, stem size), the community (ho...
Bacterial surface (S-) layer glycosylation orchestrates oral microbial communities by tuning the host immunity (MUC4P.841)

Human mucosal surfaces begin to get colonized after birth with microbial communities, which co-exist in the host by modulating the host immune responses. In this process, some microbes decorate with unique sugars to mold the host immunity conducive to their survival. Recently we have shown that oral pathogen Tannerella forsythia (Tf) exploits a similar strategy to facilitate its survival in the oral cavity, and subsequently cause the alveolar bone destruction by dampening Th17-dependent neutrophil infiltration. The present study was aimed to assess the role of Tf surface O-glycans in the manipulation of host immunity and test if this might impact the colonization and persistence of other co-habitants, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Periodontitis mouse model was utilized to compare the ability of Tf or its O-glycan deficient mutant ED1 in impacting Pg colonization and induced alveolar bone loss. In comparison to the ED1: Pg infected group, higher alveolar bone loss was observed in the Tf: Pg group. This paralleled with osteoclastic numbers. Elevated numbers of neutrophils observed in the ED1: Pg group over Tf: Pg group, associated with bacterial colonization levels. Our study suggests that Tf tunes host immunity to promote its colonization and of its co-habiting partner P. gingivalis, leading to increased alveolar bone loss and this scenario parallels with clinical settings where the increased periodontitis severity has been observed in patients harboring Pg and Tf.
THE PERIOSTEAL BLOOD SUPPLY AND HEALING OF FRACTURES

1. An adequate blood supply of the periosteum is essential for normal union of fractures. 2. The periosteal callus plays a far greater role in union of fractures than the endosteal callus.
Macroeconomic policies, globalization and gender: Issues and challenges in an era of declining economic security

Economic globalization and the increasing frequencies of financial and economic crises in East Asia, Latin America and the transition economies in recent years have served to underline the deficiencies and excesses of markets and financial systems. Economic restructuring and market expansion that have occurred as a result of market liberalization policies have created new patterns of wealth and poverty as well as shifts in the levels and patterns of employment and unpaid work. In recent decades, many industrialized and developing countries experienced the destabilization of their labor market structures, leading to the reduction in stable forms of employment and the growth of informalized work or temporary and part-time employment (Ben-eria 2001). These changes have brought greater attention to the heightened vulnerability of poor households in those countries, amidst economic growth and accumulation of global wealth, and the urgent need to address poverty in a more systematic and comprehensive manner. They also emphasize the need better to understand the link between gender and human security and macroeconomic policies specifically in meeting the goals of poverty alleviation and gender equality.
Association of Injury History and Incident Injury in Cadet Basic Military Training.

PURPOSE: To determine the association between injury history at enrollment and incident lower extremity (LE) injury during cadet basic training among first-year military cadets. METHODS: Medically treated LE injuries during cadet basic training documented in the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) were ascertained in a prospective cohort study of three large U.S. military academies from 2005-2008. Both acute injuries (ICD-9 codes in the 800-900s, including fracture, dislocations, sprains/strains) and injury-related musculoskeletal injuries (ICD-9 codes in the 700s, including inflammation and pain, joint derangement, stress fracture, sprain/strain/rupture, and dislocation) were included. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using multivariate log-binomial models stratified by gender. RESULTS: During basic training there were 1,438 medically treated acute and 1,719 musculoskeletal-related LE injuries in the 9,811 cadets. The most frequent LE injuries were sprains/strains (73.6% of acute) and inflammation and pain (89.6% of musculoskeletal-related). The overall risk of incident LE injury was 23.2% [95%CI: 22.3%, 24.0%]. Cadets with a previous history of LE injury were at increased risk for incident LE injury. This association was identical in males (RR=1.74 [1.55, 1.94]) and females (RR=1.74 [1.52, 1.99]). In site-specific analyses, strong associations between injury history and incident injury were observed for hip, knee ligament, stress fracture, and ankle sprain. Injury risk was greater (pCONCLUSION: Injury history upon entry to the military is associated with incidence of LE injuries sustained during cadet basic training. Prevention programs targeted at modifiable factors in cadets with a prior history of LE injury should be considered. Language: en
Monograph of the Nitschkieae

Winterella Berl. Ic. Fung. I: 94. 1894. Not Winterella Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 34. I89I. Not Winterella Sacc. Syll. Fung. 14: 620. I899. Winterina Sacc. emend. Syll. Fung. 14: 589. 1899. Not Winterina Sacc. Syll. Fung. 9: go909. 1891. Type species, Nitschkia tristis Fuckel. Perithecia black, coriaceous-carbonaceous, turbinate, collapsing to cupulate, scattered to densely gregarious, arising from a hyphoid subiculum of coarse, brownish-black, iridescent hyphae, or seated on a well-developed pseudoparenchymatous stroma, usually prominently tuberculate, in one species strigose, apically ostiolate; ostiolum obscure to papilliform; asci thin-walled, evanescent, 8-spored, clavate, tapering to a long thread-like stalk, in some species apically thickened; ascospores straight, fusiform to subcylindric, subbiseriate to crowded, hyaline, at maturity centrally I-septate, sometimes appearing to be 3-septate due to the presence of guttulae separated by pseudosepta, in some cases slightly constricted. The genus Winterella Berl. (5) was based on Winteria tuberculifera E. & E. Saccardo had previously used the name Winterella (64) for a subgenus of Cryptospora Tulasne, and Kuntze (44) elevated it to generic rank to replace Cryptospora Tulasne which is antedated by Cryptospora Karelin & Kirilow (I842), a genus of the Cruciferae. The name Winterella is, therefore, untenable for Berlese's genus.
Sulfone and Sulfonanilide Therapy in Streptococcal Infections

Conclusions1. 4,4'-di- (acetylamino) -diphenylsulfone is more efficacious than sulfanilamide against certain hemolytic streptococcal infections of mice. 2. Against these same infections, the 4,4'-diamino-benzenesulfonanilide is as good as or better than sulfanilamide. 3. The sulfone is less toxic than either the anilide or sulfanilamide. 4. Medication of mice with these drugs produced no demonstrable hepatic or renal lesions.
Democracy and Education: Reconstruction of and through Education

While focusing on Democracy and Education, James Campbell attempts in this essay to offer a synthesis of the full range of John Dewey's educational thought. Campbell explores in particular Dewey's understanding of the relationship between democracy and education by considering both his ideas on the reconstruction of education and on the role of education in broader social reconstruction. Throughout his philosophical work, Campbell concludes, Dewey offers us a vision of a society self-consciously striving to enable its members to live fully educative lives.
Does changing mandated reporting laws improve child maltreatment reporting in large U.S. counties

The effects of changes in mandated child maltreatment reporting laws have not been systematically evaluated. To better understand the effects of these changes, the objectives of the present study are: (1) to assess the relationships between report rates and state universal and clergy reporting laws in 2010; (2) to compare the changes in total, confirmed, and maltreatment type report rates and with changes in reporting laws from 2000 to 2010, and (3) to examine whether there is any relationship with report rates and the nature of the mandated reporting law change. We used county-level data from the U.S. National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System for the years 2000 and 2010 to evaluate changes in reporting rates for total reports, confirmed reports, and confirmed maltreatment types while controlling for concurrent changes in child and community variables. We found that trends in 2010 for increased total and confirmed reports were similar to 2000 for counties with universal and/or clergy reporting requirements, which significantly contributed to report rates even after controlling for child and community factors. Universal reporting was associated with higher report rates for physical and sexual abuse, and clergy reporting requirements were associated with more sexual abuse, medical neglect and psychological maltreatment confirmed reports. However, while counties in states that changed their clergy reporting laws had higher increases in total reports, they had fewer confirmed physical and sexual abuse, neglect, and psychological maltreatment reports. More pronounced changes were noted in a state that made more pronounced changes in its clergy reporting laws. Policymakers should consider whether changing requirements for mandated reporting meaningfully improves child maltreatment identification.
Conservative management of muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer: prospective experience.

AbstractBetween May 1979 and July 1983, 217 consecutive patients with documented primary bladder tumors invading muscle were evaluated to determine the fate of patients with conservatively treated muscle-infiltrating bladder cancer. The disease was re-staged by urine cytology, bimanual examination with the patient under anesthesia and transurethral biopsy or resection. Of the 217 patients 172 underwent total or partial cystectomy and 45 (21 per cent, 37 with stage T2, 7 with stage T3a and 1 with stage T4 disease) did not because re-staging showed no residual tumor (stage T0) in 20, carcinoma in situ in 17, stage T1 tumor in 4 and local stage T2 cancer in 4. The median followup was 5.1 years (range 3 to 7 years). Of the 45 patients 30 (65 per cent) are free of tumor or have required transurethral resection and intravesical therapy for recurrent tumors but cystectomy has not been necessary. Of the 15 failures 11 underwent cystectomy 9 to 30 months after re-staging (7 are alive and 4 died of disease) and 4 a...
Compliance With Screening Mammography Guidelines After a False-Positive Mammogram.

Abstract Purpose To assess whether women with a false-positive mammogram who do return for screening are less likely to be compliant with screening mammography guidelines than are women with a negative mammogram. Methods This institutional review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective cohort study includes women >40 years old who received 9,385 consecutive, nonbaseline screening mammograms between December 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. Using linear regression, we evaluated differences in time between mammograms by prior recall status, after adjusting for location of current mammogram (outpatient office versus mobile unit) and age. Using Fisher's exact test, we evaluated the association between compliance with screening guidelines and the recall status on prior mammogram, and compared by location the proportions of noncompliant women who were recalled from prior mammogram. Results Time between mammograms does not differ based on prior recall status ( P = .83). There is no association between compliance with screening mammography guidelines and recall status on prior mammogram (ACR guidelines P = .398, United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines P = .416). Noncompliant women recalled on prior mammogram are more likely to undergo mammography at the outpatient office rather than the mobile unit (ACR guidelines P = .0004, United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines P = .0032). Conclusions A prior false-positive mammogram is not a significant deterrent to compliance with screening guidelines in those women who return for screening.
Airway epithelial homeostasis and planar cell polarity signaling depend on multiciliated cell differentiation

Motile airway cilia that propel contaminants out of the lung are oriented in a common direction by planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, which localizes PCP protein complexes to opposite cell sides throughout the epithelium to orient cytoskeletal remodeling. In airway epithelia, PCP is determined in a 2-phase process. First, cell-cell communication via PCP complexes polarizes all cells with respect to the proximal-distal tissue axis. Second, during ciliogenesis, multiciliated cells (MCCs) undergo cytoskeletal remodeling to orient their cilia in the proximal direction. The second phase not only directs cilium polarization, but also consolidates polarization across the epithelium. Here, we demonstrate that in airway epithelia, PCP depends on MCC differentiation. PCP mutant epithelia have misaligned cilia, and also display defective barrier function and regeneration, indicating that PCP regulates multiple aspects of airway epithelial homeostasis. In humans, MCCs are often sparse in chronic inflammatory diseases, and these airways exhibit PCP dysfunction. The presence of insufficient MCCs impairs mucociliary clearance in part by disrupting PCP-driven polarization of the epithelium. Consistent with defective PCP, barrier function and regeneration are also disrupted. Pharmacological stimulation of MCC differentiation restores PCP and reverses these defects, suggesting its potential for broad therapeutic benefit in chronic inflammatory disease.
The Anarchists in the House

Conrad claimed that his depiction of anarchists in the novel was not to be taken seriously, and critical consensus tends to treat them as shams and grotesques. Careful examination of the figures shows them to be consistent with various historical stages of anarchism, from ideal abstraction to proponents of propaganda by word, the subsequent shift to propaganda by deed, and the figure of the political terrorist. Conrad may have treated his anarchists ironically, but they were representative types that show aspects of the political movement.
Parenting Efficacy and Support in Mothers With Dual Disorders in a Substance Abuse Treatment Program

ABSTRACTObjective: Approximately 73% of women entering treatment for substance use disorders are mothers of children younger than 18, and the high rate of mental health disorders among mothers with substance use disorders increases their vulnerability to poor parenting practices. Parenting efficacy and social support for parenting have emerged as significant predictors of positive parenting practices among families at risk for child maltreatment. The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of parenting support and parenting efficacy on the likelihood of out-of-home placement and custody status among the children of mothers with dual substance use and mental health disorders. Methods: This study examined the impact of parenting efficacy and assistance with childcare on the likelihood of child out-of-home placement and custody status among 175 mothers with diagnosed dual substance and mental health disorder and in treatment for substance dependence. Logistic regression was utilized to assess ...
A 100MHz, 1.2V, ±1V peak-to-peak output, double-bus single ended-to-differential switched-capacitor amplifier for multi-column CMOS image sensors

This paper presents a high-speed (100MHz), low-voltage (1.2V), rail-to-rail (±1V) output, double-bus single ended-to-differential switched-capacitor amplifier built in multi-column CMOS image sensors. The amplifier conditions the incoming video signal for further processing by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The amplifier must perform several conflicting and rigorous functions: (1) high-voltage to low-voltage supply conversion (2) DC level-shift analog signal reference ground (3) single ended-to-differential conversion, and (4) correlated double sampling. The amplifier output signal is sampled by the ADC with a 100MHz clock. While the pixel array supply is at 3.3V, the amplifier/ADC must operate with 1.2V supply voltage to reduce analog DC bias power consumption. A typical 4-transistor pixel circuit full-well capacity produces the video signal in the range of 2 volts from fully dark to fully bright conditions. To process ±1V peak-to-peak output signal working with 1.2V supply rail, a special low-voltage, high-speed, rail-to-rail output opamp has been designed. Additionally, the pixel array requires two buses to be processed simultaneously consistent with the red-green-blue color filter pattern of a CMOS imager. The circuit is fabricated in a 1P8M CMOS process with dual-gate 0.09/0.35µm, dual-voltage 1.2/3.3V transistors from SMIC semiconductor foundry.
Cleavability in Ordered Spaces

In this paper we study the role of cleavability and divisibility in the topology of generalized ordered (GO-)spaces. We characterize cleavability of a GO-space over the class of metrizable spaces, and over the spaces of irrational and rational numbers. We present a series of examples related to characterizations of cleavability over separable metric spaces and over the space of real numbers.
Annotating Geographical Objects in OpenStreetMap with Geo-tagged Social Media

Recent years have witnessed an explosion of geospatial data, especially in the form of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI). As a prominent example, OpenStreetMap (OSM) creates a free editable map of the world from a large number of contributors. On the other hand, social media platforms such as Twitter or Instagram supply dynamic social feeds at population level. As much of such data is geo-tagged, there is a high potential on integrating social media with OSM to enrich OSM with semantic annotations, which will complement existing objective description oriented annotations to provide a broader range of annotations. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework on integrating social media data and VGI data to derive knowledge about geographical objects, specifically, top relevant annotations from tweets for objects in OSM. We first integrate geo-tagged tweets with OSM data with scalable spatial queries running on MapReduce. We propose a frequency based method for annotating boundary based geographic objects, and a probability based method for annotating point based geographic objects, with consideration of noise. We evaluate our methods using a large geo-tagged tweets corpus and representative geographic objects from OSM, which demonstrates promising results through ground-truth comparison and case studies. We are able to produce up to 80% correct names for geographical objects and discover implicitly relevant information, such as popular exhibitions of a museum, the nicknames or visitors' impression to a tourism attraction.
The Prevalence of Parkinson Disease Among Patients With Hepatitis C Infection.

Abstract Introduction HCV has been suspected to potentially cause degenerations in the central nervous system. Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of Parkinson's disease among patients with HCV infection. Material and methods For this study, we used Medicare database from 2005-2010. Medicare database contains information on enrollment, coverage, diagnosis recorded with International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). From combined inpatient and outpatient files, Parkinson's disease was identified as the first diagnosis by ICD-9 code 332.0. Other study variables were; age, gender, race (White and No White), and Medicare eligibility status. Simple distribution comparison by HCV status examined with t-test for numerical variables and χ2 test for categorical variables in the main analytical cohort as well as in the propensity score matched cohort. Results A total of 1,236,734 patients (median age 76 years, 41% male, and 85% White) was identified among over 47 million claims. Of these, 6040 patients (0.5%) were infected with HCV. Overall, 0.8% (N = 49) of the HCV group and 1.3% (N = 16,004) of the Non-HCV group had Parkinson's disease (P 0.05). Discussion This study revealed that, among Medicare population, HCV was not associated with Parkinson disease.
Invisible Disabilities, Stigma, and Student Veterans: Contextualizing the Transition to Higher Education

Disability and stigma are a significant aspect of many military veterans’ lives. Throughout this past century, innovations in war and medicine have resulted in higher numbers of veterans separating from the service with physical and mental disabilities. As veterans with disabilities transition into civilian life, many enroll in institutions of higher education. Post-secondary education and vocational training can make the transition into civilian life easier. However, with the stigmatization of invisible disabilities by the public, veterans have encountered challenges transitioning into civilian life, and into higher education. It is necessary to examine the evolution of disability and stigma throughout the major conflicts of this past century to better understand how student veterans experience higher education.
Unduly Burdening Women’s Health: How Lower Courts are Undermining Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt

Some states are already attempting to cabin the Supreme Court’s recent decision Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt in a variety of unpersuasive ways. Hellerstedt reaffirmed that women have a constitutionally protected right to decide to end a pregnancy, and that restrictions on abortion are constitutionally valid only if the restrictions do not impose an undue burden on women seeking an abortion.
Control of Eicosanoid Response Intensity

Tissues do not have eicosanoids continuously present, but form them rapidly from essential fatty acids in response to stimuli. The intensity of an eicosanoid-mediated response depends upon accumulating sufficient eicosanoid at a receptor site to induce the tissue response. An intense tissue response requires accumulating sufficient eicosanoid by a rapid burst of synthesis to overcome the continual rapid diffusional dilution and catabolic removal of the active autacoid. That rapid synthesis depends, in turn, upon an essential fatty acid substrate accessing the oxygenase catalytic site during a time of sufficient peroxide tone (reviewed by Lands, 1979).
How Should Values Count in the Allocation of New Technologies in Health Care

A few years ago Dr. Howard Hiatt, Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, wrote a provocative article entitled “Protecting the Medical Commons: Who Is Responsible?”1 Dr. Hiatt noted that as the costs of medical therapy—in terms of time, money and manpower—continue to rise, physicians, health planners, policy analysts, and the general public are faced with a terrible dilemma: how should the finite resources available for health care in American society be allocated? Dr. Hiatt argued that the medical profession must take the responsibility for evaluating expensive new medical technologies and techniques prior to their being made generally available to consumers. His view is that the medical profession should be able to regulate the supply of medical services and technologies as a means of controlling the rapidly rising costs of health care. The numerous cases of expensive, ineffective, and ineffectual therapies scattered throughout the history of medical care provide solid empirical grounds for the policy Hiatt suggested.
7.8 Biophysics of Molecular Cell Mechanics

Cell mechanics controls a wide range of important cell functions, including cell migration, differentiation, polarization, and division. The viscoelastic properties of the nucleus and cytoplasm can be probed with high spatial and temporal resolutions using the method of particle tracking microrheology. In this method, the spontaneous displacements of submicron beads are tracked and rheological parameters, including viscoelastic moduli and creep compliance, are computed from the mean squared displacements. Particle tracking microrheology has revealed changes in cell mechanics associated to wound healing, embryonic development, and human diseases, including laminopathies and cancer.
Retinoblastoma: Treatment Options

Survival rates for retinoblastoma patients have increased dramatically over the past century, with documented 5-year survival reaching 95–99 % in developed countries. Similarly, there have been significant advances in the treatment approaches for intraocular retinoblastoma, driven by a motivation to increase salvage rates and decrease complications. Over the past 50 years, there have been major paradigm shifts in the approaches for managing intraocular retinoblastoma. In the 1960s, external radiation therapy was the primary vision-saving modality for treating the ocular tumors. In the mid 1990s, systemic chemotherapy combined with focal modalities became the dominant treatment strategy, emphasizing multiple drug chemoreduction protocols and minimizing the use of external beam radiation. Over the past 5 years, there has been growing interest in local or regional therapies, delivering chemotherapeutic agents directly to the globe or through regional arteries in an attempt to improve cure rates and reduce the morbidity of less selective modalities. In this chapter, we summarize current management approaches for intraocular retinoblastoma, emphasizing the clinical indications for intravenous chemotherapy, external beam radiation, brachytherapy, focal modalities, intra-arterial chemotherapy, and intravitreal injection of chemotherapy.
Chemical Head Loss Measurements on Multi-Constituent Debris Beds in Small-Scale Experiments

AbstractA series of experiments on vertical head loss modules or columns to measure conventional and chemical head loss was carried out to support the resolution of Generic Safety Issue 191 for the Vogtle nuclear power plant (NPP). The head loss (conventional and chemical) was measured on multi-constituent fibrous debris beds of different particulate-to-fiber ratios (η). The debris beds were generated on a horizontal screen following the new procedure developed at the University of New Mexico and are summarized herein. The generated debris beds have been shown to produce repeatable and stable conventional head loss (CHL) and have the ability to detect chemical surrogates. Prototypical Vogtle NPP containment debris materials were used to form three different particulate-to-fiber–ratio (η) debris beds: 6.89 (thin bed), 2 (intermediate bed), and 1.15 (thick bed). The particulates were presented as 90% epoxy paint, 5% inorganic zinc, and 5% latent debris dirt by mass. The obtained results show that the measur...
Fossil and Comparative Evidence for Possible Chemical Signaling in the Mammal-Like Reptiles

The mammal-like reptiles, or the Synapsida, hold an important position in the study of tetrapod vertebrate evolution for several reasons. First, the pelycosaurs and their therapsid derivatives, the two groups that comprise the synapsids, probably evolved from the cotylosaurs (the “stem reptiles”) (Carroll, 1969), and gave rise much later to the mammals (Fig. 1). Indeed, the mammal-like reptiles were the dominant terrestrial tetrapods throughout the Permian and the Triassic, the period from roughly 300 to 190 million years ago (Romer, 1966). Given this position in phylogeny, these extinct members of the Class Reptilia have always held the interest of those interested in the origins and derivation of mammals (e.g., see Simpson, 1959; Crompton and Jenkins, 1979).
Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Patients With Cancer and Preexisting Autoimmune Disease.

This systematic review describes adverse events in patients with cancer and concomitant autoimmune disease who received immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors.
Pro-social messages and transcendence: A content analysis of Facebook reactions to Mark Zuckerberg's donation pledge

Abstract This quantitative content analysis of over 4000 Facebook posts explores the connections between transcendence-related character strengths and emotions expressed on social media in response to Mark Zuckerberg's pledge to give away 99% of his Facebook shares to charity. We found that (a) other-oriented hope was found in over half of the posts expressing hopeful thinking; (b) appreciation of moral beauty and excellence was the most prevalent moral emotion or character strength expressed in response to this prosocial act on Facebook; and (c) the presence of appreciation of moral beauty and excellence was positively correlated with the presence of hope, other-oriented hope, and spirituality. Implications of the study are discussed.
Identifying individual- and family-level coping strategies as sources of resilience and thriving for undocumented youth of Mexican origin

Drawing from resilience theory, we explored the strategies that Mexican immigrant youth used to cope with stressors from being undocumented. On the basis of semi-structured interviews with 30 high ...
Effects of shading on stream ecosystem metabolism and water temperature in an agriculturally influenced stream in central Wisconsin, USA

Abstract Headwater streams with a forested riparian zone and canopy cover have regulated stream temperatures and stream ecosystem metabolism because of shading. Agricultural practices have dramatically altered riparian corridors with the removal of mature vegetation, which consequently alters natural stream processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of shading on stream temperature and ecosystem metabolism in an agriculturally influenced, low order stream. We examined three stream reaches; two in a recently restored stream (Lost Creek) and one in a nearby-unimpacted reference stream (Little Plover River). The two reaches in Lost Creek included a 100-m artificially-shaded stream reach and a control reach immediately upstream of the shaded reach. The Little Plover River included one reference reach with a fully forested canopy. Both streams are located in agricultural watersheds and based on phosphorus levels would be classified as meso-eutrophic. Each stream reach was assessed during stable flow conditions once each month between June and October of 2016. Rates of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem production (NEP) were determined using the open system, two-station diel dissolved oxygen change method, and reaeration (k) was calculated using the nighttime regression method. Based on stream discharge data, we corrected metabolism values for groundwater when inputs exceeded 7% (Hall and Tank 2005). We also measured water temperature, PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), periphytic chlorophyll a content, and organic matter content at each site as potential controlling variables. Surprisingly, no significant differences were observed in daily maximum water temperatures among the three sites; however, GPP levels were significantly lower (ANOVA F2,14 = 45.45; p
Design and Sensitivity Analysis of EBG Stripline Common-Mode Filters

Workflow of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) common-mode (CM) filter design of edge-coupled differential pairs on a printed circuit board (PCB) and sensitivity of its characteristics to variations of geometrical and material parameters are discussed. A number of simple 20-GHz EBG CM notch filters for differential stripline pairs are designed using full-wave numerical electromagnetic modeling, fabricating, and testing. The cases of one and two stripline differential pairs crossing the EBG patches are considered. The modeled and measured mixed-mode S -parameters are analyzed as functions of geometrical parameters, including size and number of EBG patches, gaps between them, geometry and position of signal traces across the EBG patches, and thicknesses of dielectric layers. The agreement between the measured and modeled mixed-mode S- parameters validates the models and allows for further numerical experiments. It is shown that the EBG filter performance depends on various subtle technological features, e.g., conductor surface roughness on metal surfaces; length imbalance on a differential pair; rate of coupling of lines within each differential pair and between the pairs; and some other factors. The systematic analysis of the trends for filter characteristics as functions of various design parameters allows for an optimal design of the CM notch filter.
The Racial Politics of STEM Education in the USA: Interrogations and Explorations.

ABSTRACTThis special issue brings together a mix of early-career, mid, and senior scholars to critically examine current realities of, and boldly imagine future possibilities for, STEM education in...
A Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty Is Not a Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty

Conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) is frequently more resource intensive and morbidity prone than primary THA. However, reimbursement for both hospitals and surgeons performing these procedures do not appear to provide appropriately matching resource utilization. Ultimately, patient access to these necessary surgeries becomes a question of concern if appropriate incentives are not aligned. Conversion THA is a broad topic and this paper seeks to highlight the technical difficulties and preoperative and postoperative pitfalls associated with this procedure to help address all issues and parties helping to support this procedure.
The relation between temporal and spatial stability in three-dimensional flows

An analysis is presented of the nonparallel spatial or temporal stability of three-dimensional incompressible, isothermal boundary-layer flows taking into account the transverse velocity component as well as the axial and crossflow variations of the mean flow. The method of multiple scales is used to derive partial differential equations that describe the axial and crossflow variations of the disturbance amplitude, phase and wavenumbers. This equation is used to derive the expressions that relate the temporal and spatial instabilities. These relations are functions of the complex group velocities. Moreover, this equation is used to derive the expression that relates the spatial amplification in any direction to a calculated amplification in any other direction. These relations are verified by numerical results obtained for two- and three-dimensional disturbances in two- and three-dimensional flows.
Fractional Approximation by Riemann–Liouville Fractional Derivatives

In this chapter we study quantitatively with rates the pointwise convergence of a sequence of positive sublinear operators to the unit operator over continuous functions. This takes place under low order smoothness, less than one, of the approximated function and it is expressed via the left and right Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives of it. The derived related inequalities in their right hand sides contain the moduli of continuity of these fractional derivatives and they are of Shisha-Mond type.
Legal Geographies and Political Ecologies of Water Allocation in Maui, Hawai'i

Abstract Throughout the Hawaiian Islands, sugar plantations have controlled a large proportion of water resources for over a century, often leaving little water in streams to support ecosystems or Native Hawaiian cultural and agricultural practices. Recently, in Maui, Hawai‘i, community activists and lawyers representing Native Hawaiian and environmental interests have successfully reclaimed water resources for instream flow utilizing legal processes and tools such as Hawai‘i’s public trust doctrine, which has plural roots in both Hawaiian and Western legal traditions. In this paper, we use qualitative fieldwork, including interviews, participant observation, and archival data collection, to explore two recent and ongoing legal cases around water allocation in Maui: Nā Wai ‘Ehā and East Maui. The research uses legal geography and political ecology to examine the use of the public trust doctrine in challenging water allocation practices in Maui, specifically focusing on the concepts of legal pluralism and socioenvironmental hybridity. We examine the ways in which plural legal processes and precedents have developed and combined in place-specific ways, and connect legal pluralism with ideas of hybridity from nature-society geography. In keeping with the goals of political ecology, the paper examines legal processes and socioenvironmental change as inextricable and power-laden. We demonstrate that the intersection of legal geography with political ecology can contribute a stronger understanding of the context-specific dynamics of socioenvironmental change.
Investigation of Various Intramuscular Volumes Delivered to the Semimembranosus Muscle of Cavia porcellus .

The goal of this study is to provide quantitative data on the ideal volume for intramuscular (IM) injections into the semimembranosus muscle of guinea pigs weighing between 320 to 410 grams. This evaluation comprised 2 experiments. The first was to assess dispersion leakage of intramuscularly injected iohexol, a radiocontrast agent commonly used in Computed Tomography (CT), based on analysis of in vivo imaging. The second used varying volumes of intramuscularly injected sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) to assess pain and pathology associated with IM injection. Hartley guinea pigs were injected IM with varying volumes of either iohexol or sodium chloride (150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 μL). In the iohexol experiment, results suggest IM volumes of 150 and 300 μL remain within the target muscle. In the experiment using sodium chloride, pain and pathology did not increase as IM volume increased. The pathology noted was related to needle tract through the musculature rather than the volume size of the injectate. The results did not reveal a correlation between volume of IM 0.9% NaCl and pain levels. We conclude that volume size correlates more with precision and accuracy of delivery into the intended muscle tissue. Regarding tissue distribution, our findings also suggest that the optimal capacity for IM injection in the semimembranosus muscle should be less than 500 μL.
A Father against his Daughter on Marriage Choice: A 1823 Rapto Trial in Chile:

Studies of rapto—commonly known as the theft of a woman by a man—in scholarship on Chile are extremely scarce. While research into the judicial–legal culture of colonial nineteenth-century Chile fr...
Endoscope-assisted open rhinoplasty approach for removal of nasal dermoid with intracranial extension

Abstract Nasal dermoid sinus cysts (NDSC) are caused by failure of involution of ectodermal and mesectodermal midline remnants. A 13-month-old girl was found to have a NDSC with a tract traversing the nasofrontal suture line and an intracranial component on MRI. Here we present the first case in a pediatric patient of a resection of a NDSC with intracranial extension through an endoscope-assisted open rhinoplasty approach and frontonasal mini-craniotomy without the need for additional skin incisions or traversing the nasal cavity. This approach provided an excellent intraoperative exposure and cosmetic outcome at 1 year.
Ontology driven AI and Access Control Systems for Smart Fisheries

Increasing number of internet connected devices has paved a path for smarter ecosystems in various sectors such as agriculture, aquaculture, manufacturing, healthcare, etc. Especially, integrating technologies like big data, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, etc. with internet connected devices has increased efficiency and productivity. Therefore, fishery farmers have started adopting smart fisheries technologies to better manage their fish farms. Despite their technological advancements smart fisheries are exposed and vulnerable to cyber-attacks that would cause a negative impact on the ecosystem both physically and economically. Therefore in this paper, we present a smart fisheries ecosystem where the architecture describes various interactions that happen between internet connected devices. We develop a smart fisheries ontology based on the architecture and implement Attribute Based Access Control System (ABAC) where access to resources of smart fisheries is granted by evaluating the requests. We also discuss how access control decisions are made in multiple use case scenarios of a smart fisheries ecosystem. Furthermore, we elaborate on some AI applications that would enhance the smart fisheries ecosystem.
The practical and the aspirational: Managing the student employee experience in library publishing efforts

Student employees are a critical component in the workforce of academic libraries. While more established library services have the benefit of attracting student employees specifically interested in their work, scholarly communication programs, and library publishing efforts in particular, have more difficulty describing and garnering interest in their work. This article describes the journey of the Digital Initiatives Unit at Utah State University Libraries as we navigated the particular trials that come with library publishing—specifically delving into the work of our institutional repository (IR) and the role of student employees in those efforts. The labor of our program is variable and largely project-based, which has presented a number of challenges related to our student employees: understanding the larger context of their work; retention of knowledge and skills alongside their ability to prioritize; and a struggle to transfer skills from one project to another. Addressing these problems involved more intentional gathering of student feedback, colleague brainstorming, and trial and error; through which process and results we are gaining a more developed understanding of the critical importance of the student experience. When student employees see their work as more than just a job, and recognize the skills they are learning, they come away with greater satisfaction and our unit benefits from improved outputs. Using what we have learned, we will be able to continue our efforts for a better student experience as well as creating future goals for our unit.
Durable Viral Suppression Among People with HIV and Problem Substance Use in the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Treatment.

This study explored factors associated with durable viral suppression (DVS) among two groups of people living with HIV (PLWH) and problem substance use in the context of universal antiretroviral treatment initiation. Participants (N = 99) were recruited between 2014–2017 from public sexual health clinics [SHC] and a hospital detoxification unit [detox]). DVS (NYC HIV surveillance registry) was defined as two consecutive viral load tests ≤ 200 copies/mL, ≤ 90 days apart, with all other viral loads suppressed over 12 or 18 months. Detox participants were significantly older, with more unstable housing/employment, substance use severity, and longer-term HIV vs. SHC participants. Older age, opioid and stimulant use disorder were significantly associated with lower odds of DVS, while fulltime employment and stable housing were significantly associated with higher odds of DVS at 12-month follow-up. Patterns held at 18-month follow-up. Co-located substance use and HIV services, funding for supportive housing, and collaborative patient-provider relationships could improve DVS among populations with the syndemic of problem substance use, poverty, and long-term HIV.
Toward the More Optimal Provision of Local Public Goods: Internalization of Benefits or Intergovernmental Grants?

Given the spatial character of many local â€œpublicâ€ goods, the traditional recommendations for internalizing benefitsâ€“either rejurisdiction or grantsâ€“appear insufficient to achieve the optimal levels of output. This analysis indicates that frequently both rejurisdiction and grants are necessary. Contrary to the conventional opinion, the economically optimal constitution may allow spillovers, and such internalization as is required can be more appropriately accomplished not by the extension of boundaries, but by their restriction and the addition of more jurisdictions.
When Is School an Answer to What Social Problems

In modern societies, we ask schools to fix an enormous variety of social problems, both large and small. We ask them to reduce social inequality and increase social mobility. We ask them to provide the economy with job skills that will increase productivity, enhance economic growth, and strengthen the nation. We ask them to promote democracy, improve health, save the environment, and empty our prisons. And at the same time we also assign schools smaller missions, such as improving driver safety, reducing tooth decay, fighting obesity, and deterring teenage pregnancy.
Laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair in 407 patients.

Abstract Background: Recurrence rates after primary repair of ventral and incisional hernias range from 25% to 52%. Recurrence after open surgery is less likely if mesh is used, but the wide fascial dissection and required flap creation increase complication rates. Laparoscopic techniques offer an alternative. Study Design: To assess the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic ventral and incisional herniorrhaphy, we reviewed the records of all our patients who underwent such a procedure from November 1993 to August 1999. A laparoscopic approach was attempted in all patients considered to require a mesh repair. Patient demographic characteristics, operative details, and outcomes were recorded. Results: Of 415 patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic ventral or incisional herniorrhaphy, conversion to an open procedure was necessary in 8. All the remaining 407 patients (205 men and 202 women; mean age 53.2 years; range 13 to 88 years) were included in the study. Mean fascial defect size was 100.1 cm 2 (range 1 to 480 cm 2 ). In 97% of patients, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene mesh was used. Mean operating time was 97 minutes (range 11 to 270 minutes). Mean estimated blood loss was 35 mL (range 10 to 150 mL). Average hospital stay was 1.8 days (range 0 to 17 days). There were 53 complications (13.0%), including cellulitis of a trocar site, infection requiring mesh removal, prolonged suture pain, persistent seroma, intestinal injury, hematoma or postoperative bleeding, prolonged ileus, urinary retention, respiratory distress, fever, intraabdominal abscess, and trocar site herniation. There were no deaths. During a mean followup time of 23 months (range 1 to 60 months), there were 14 hernia recurrences (3.4%), 6 in patients in whom only a stapling device (no sutures) had been used to secure the mesh to the abdominal wall. Conclusions: Laparoscopic repair was completed in 98.1% of patients in whom it was attempted. The complication rate was acceptable. A short hospital stay and minimal blood loss were documented. The recurrence rate was 3.4%. Laparoscopic ventral and incisional hernia repair appear to be safe and effective.