cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DentaScan: a new diagnostic method for evaluating mandibular and maxillary pathology.

Although computerized tomography (CT) is valuable for evaluating head and neck pathology, it can be suboptimal when evaluating the presence or extent of mandibular and maxillary involvement by tumor, infection, or other pathology. The presence of dental restoration artifact, CT gantry positioning problems, and the inability to obtain cross-sectional images will diminish the accuracy of standard CT images. A program, termed either DentaScan™ or multiplanar reformation (CT/MPR), eliminates these problems by processing axial CT scan information to obtain true cross-sectional images and panoramic views of the mandible and maxilla. In this study, DentaScan imagery was used in 26 patients whose mandibles or maxillas were affected by tumor, osteomyelitis, or other pathology. CT scanning with multiplanar reformation proved useful in the precise location, assessment, monitoring, and treatment of various pathologies of the mandible and maxilla. Selected case studies illustrate the therapeutic implications and advantages of this new imaging technique.
Thermal Driven Test Access Routing in Hyper-interconnected Three-Dimensional System-on-Chip

The rapid emergence of three dimensional integration using a ``Through-Silicon-Via'' (TSV) process calls for research activities on testing and design for testability. Compared to the traditional 2D designs, the 3D-SoC poses great challenges in testing, such as three dimensional placement of cores and test resources, severe chip overheating due to the nonuniform distribution of power density in 3D, and 3D test access routing. In this work, we propose an effective and efficient test access routing and resource partitioning scheme to tackle the 3D-SoC test challenges. We develop a simple and scalable 3D-SoC test thermal model for thermal compatibility analysis. We construct a 3-D test access architecture for efficient test access routing, and partition the limited test resources to facilitate a thermal-aware test schedule while minimizing the overall test time. The promising results are demonstrated by extensive simulation on ITC'02 benchmark SoCs.
Engineered single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mosquito MEK docking site alter Plasmodium berghei development in Anopheles gambiae.

Background Susceptibility to Plasmodium infection in Anopheles gambiae has been proposed to result from naturally occurring polymorphisms that alter the strength of endogenous innate defenses. Despite the fact that some of these mutations are known to introduce non-synonymous substitutions in coding sequences, these mutations have largely been used to rationalize knockdown of associated target proteins to query the effects on parasite development in the mosquito host. Here, we assay the effects of engineered mutations on an immune signaling protein target that is known to control parasite sporogonic development. By this proof-of-principle work, we have established that naturally occurring mutations can be queried for their effects on mosquito protein function and on parasite development and that this important signaling pathway can be genetically manipulated to enhance mosquito resistance.
Computationally directed axisymmetric aspheric figuring (after N. J. Brown).

We examine some computational problems related to the finishing of axisymmetric optical surfaces discussed in a paper by N. J. Brown [Opt. Eng. 17, 602–620 (1978)]. In the spirit of Brown’s paper we develop solution algorithms that are suitable for implementation on today’s personal computers. The use of the algorithms is illustrated by some sample calculations.
The Role of Metals in Aqueous Superoxide Chemistry

A focal point in the research of metal catalyzed reactions involving oxygen derived species/radicals (•OH, HO2•/O2•, H2O2, etc.) is the search for the true nature and mode of formation of the oxidizing agent(s) responsible for the biological damage observed in systems containing both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. There appears to be a general agreement that one of the most deleterious species is the OH radical, generated either in the “Metal-Catalyzed Haber-Weiss Reaction” (reactions 1–3, Mechanism I)1
Behavioral and economic perspectives in drug abuse research

Research increasingly suggests the importance of studying drug abuse from the perspective of the behavior of individuals within the context of environments. Drug markets are a critical component of this context, one that has not received due research attention. To better understand drug markets, researchers must consider the entire range of factors that affect the decisions of sellers and drug users.
Farmacéuticos implantando transiciones de pacientes en ambiente de práctica hospitalario, Ambulatorio y comunitario

Resumen es: Objetivo: Presentar a los farmaceuticos el proceso, los retos y las oportunidades de crear modelos de transiciones de cuidados (TOC) en ambiente de pract...
Long-term effects of the Moving to Opportunity residential mobility experiment on crime and delinquency

Objectives Using data from a randomized experiment, to examine whether moving youth out of areas of concentrated poverty, where a disproportionate amount of crime occurs, prevents involvement in crime.
The interacting effects of clumped seed dispersal and distance- and density-dependent mortality on seedling recruitment patterns

Summary 1. Seed dispersal and natural enemies both influence spatial patterns of seedlings, which in turn influence future abiotic and biotic interactions, with consequences for plant populations, distributions and diversity. Clumped seed deposition is common, especially for vertebrate-dispersed seeds, and has the potential to significantly affect interactions with density-responsive enemies, yet has received relatively little attention. 2. We used spatially explicit simulation models to examine how different patterns of seed dispersal and natural enemy attack structure seedling spatial patterns. We simulated clumped seed dispersal by combining a two-dimensional Student’s T dispersal kernel for expected seed rain with a negative binomial distribution for seed deposition. We based our models for seed mortality on published data reflecting differing life histories of insect seed predators and soil-borne pathogens. We varied dispersal distance, degree of clumping, type of enemy, enemy dispersal distance and fecundity among simulations. 3. Under insect seed predation, seeds escaped predation by dispersing longer distances than insects, resulting in ‘Janzen–Connell’ patterns in which seedling recruitment peaks at intermediate distances. When insects dispersed longer distances than seeds, higher seed densities near the tree satiated insects, resulting in ‘McCanny’ patterns in which seed deposition, survivorship and seedling establishment all decrease with distance from the parent tree. Total seedling establishment was lowest when insects and seeds dispersed similar distances. 4. Under pathogen attack, Janzen–Connell patterns predominated except when seedling survival was virtually zero or one everywhere, or in the case where pathogen dispersal distances exceeded seed dispersal distances, producing ‘Hubbell’ patterns in which seed deposition and seedling establishment decrease with distance, though survivorship increases. 5. Clumped seed deposition increased the probability of seedling establishment under both insect seed predation and pathogen attack as it led to local satiation of insect seed predators and made it harder for pathogen distributions to track seeds. 6. Synthesis. Our modelling study suggests that the relative dispersal distances of seeds and natural enemies are crucial to determining establishment rates and spatial patterns of seedlings. Better characterization of the movement and natural histories of natural enemies is critical to improving our understanding of seedling distributions and plant–enemy interactions.
A CIDNP Approach to Signal Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance

CIDNP allows selective NMR signal enhancement of aromatics, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, amines, olefines, etc. via heat or photoexcitation of certain reagent systems. The CIDNP typically stems from radical pairs, but occasionally from triplets via the Overhauser Triplet Mechanism (quinones). The latter may act intermolecularly, in which case nonselective enhancement is possible.
Pathological Role of Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in Rheumatic Diseases: A Unique Chemokine with Multiple Functions

Understanding rheumatic diseases from the perspective of chemokine biology has shaped and will continue to shape our approach for targeted drug design. Among different kinds of chemokines, fractalkine/CX3CL1 has been found to play an important role in inflammation, portraying unique functional, and structural characteristics. This review summarizes the emerging role of fractalkine/CX3CL1 from a functional and clinical perspective and provides evidence to validate it as a potential therapeutic target in rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, as well as diseases related to vascular inflammation. From this, recent studies investigating potential therapeutic agents against fractalkine/CX3CL1’s role in pathology have shown promise.
Brief Suppression of Abcc8 Prevents Autodestruction of Spinal Cord After Trauma

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is typically complicated by progressive hemorrhagic necrosis, an autodestructive process of secondary injury characterized by progressive enlargement of a hemorrhagic contusion during the first several hours after trauma. We assessed the role of Abcc8, which encodes sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1), in progressive hemorrhagic necrosis. After SCI, humans and rodents exhibited similar regional and cellular patterns of up-regulation of SUR1 and Abcc8 messenger RNA. Elimination of SUR1 in Abcc8−/− mice and in rats given antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against Abcc8 prevented progressive hemorrhagic necrosis, yielded significantly better neurological function, and resulted in lesions that were one-fourth to one-third the size of those in control animals. The beneficial effects of Abcc8 suppression were associated with prevention of oncotic (necrotic) death of capillary endothelial cells. Suppression of Abcc8 with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide after SCI presents an opportunity for reducing the devastating sequelae of SCI.
Path integral Monte Carlo methods: Static- and time-correlation functions

Path integral methods for simulating the structure, thermodynamic properties, and time-dependent response of simple quantum systems are reviewed. These methods are used to simulate the structure of an excess electron in a helium bath.
Adsorption of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei on cellulose and lignacious residue in wood pretreated by dilute sulfuric acid with explosive decompression

The adsorption of cellulase on cellulose and a lignacious residue was examined by using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei, hardwood pretreated by dilute sulfuric acid under high pressure, and a lignacious residue prepared by a complete enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated wood. A significant amount of cellulase was found to adsorb on the lignacious residue during the hydrolysis of the pretreated wood. Hence, the adsorption of enzyme on the lignacious residue as well as cellulose must be taken into account in the development of the hydrolysis kinetics. It was found that the adsorption of enzyme on cellulose and on the lignacious residue could be represented by Langmuir type isotherms. The data show that the pretreatment at a higher temperature results in more enzyme adsorption on the cellulose fraction and less on the lignacious residue fraction. The relationship between the hydrolysis rate and the amount of enzyme adsorbed is discussed.
Yeast and rat Coq3 and Escherichia coli UbiG polypeptides catalyze both O-methyltransferase steps in coenzyme Q biosynthesis.

Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q or Q) is a lipid that functions in the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. Q-deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbor defects in one of eight COQ genes (coq1–coq8) and are unable to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. The biosynthesis of Q involves two separate O-methylation steps. In yeast, the first O-methylation utilizes 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hexaprenylbenzoic acid as a substrate and is thought to be catalyzed by Coq3p, a 32.7-kDa protein that is 40% identical to theEscherichia coli O-methyltransferase, UbiG. In this study, farnesylated analogs corresponding to the secondO-methylation step, demethyl-Q3 and Q3, have been chemically synthesized and used to study Q biosynthesis in yeast mitochondria in vitro. Both yeast and rat Coq3p recognize the demethyl-Q3 precursor as a substrate. In addition, E. coli UbiGp was purified and found to catalyze both O-methylation steps. Futhermore, antibodies to yeast Coq3p were used to determine that the Coq3 polypeptide is peripherally associated with the matrix-side of the inner membrane of yeast mitochondria. The results indicate that oneO-methyltransferase catalyzes both steps in Q biosynthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes and that Q biosynthesis is carried out within the matrix compartment of yeast mitochondria.
RESS for the preparation of fluorinated porphyrin nanoparticles

Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) was used to produce clean, surfactant-free nanoparticles (average size = 60 nm) of a fluorinated tetraphenylporphyrin from supercritical solutions with CO2.
Do Managers Provide Misleading Earnings Guidance Before Stock Repurchases

We point out several methodological flaws in previous research that concludes that managers mislead shareholders into selling their stock for too cheap by releasing overly negative information before stock repurchases. In particular, this research relies primarily on measured market reaction to management guidance which suffers from endogeneity concerns. Using a sample of 3,181 repurchase firms and matching rival firms during 2003-2012, we find insignificant differences between their frequencies of management guidance, the implied earnings updates, and the closeness of earnings guidance to actual earnings. In contrast, there is a significant difference in market reaction to guidance, which is 1.5% lower for repurchase firms than for rival firms after accounting for differences in earnings updates and other information. Our evidence suggests that repurchases occur in response to investor misreaction to management guidance, but we find no evidence to suggest that managers mislead investors before this dominant form of shareholder returns.
Feeding, Mating, and Oviposition Activities of Rhagoletis fausta Flies in Nature

Data from field observations on the location and frequency of feeding, mating, and oviposition activities of black cherry fruit fly adults, Rhagoletis fausta , revealed the following. Immature and mature flies were abundant both on fruiting sour cherry trees and nearby hickory saplings, with very few flies on nearby sumac or apple. Feeding occurred principally on the paired leaf nectaries of cherry leaves, and less often on the leaf surfaces of cherry and hickory. Series of short upward flights to the bottom surface of leaves, followed by a single long downward flight after reaching an upper terminus, characterized the inter-leaf movements and nectary feeding bouts of flies on cherry. Nearly all male:female encounters, attempted copulations, and mating pairs occurred on cherry or on hickory growing through and above a canopy of cherry. All copulation was initiated on leaves or in midair near a leaf. Almost all encounters and mating occurred within 11 clays of 1st fly eclosion, when both sexes spent most time on leaves and little time on fruit. Oviposition began after that, and was accompanied by a shift toward more time spent by each sex on fruit. The relations of these activities to one another and to activities of other dipterans are discussed.
Development of a Potential Manufacturing Route to PF-00610355: A Novel Inhaled β2-Adrenoreceptor Agonist

The development of a practical, scalable route to PF-00610355 (8) is described. In this convergent approach, amine 9 is coupled to protected bromohydrin 1 to give the doubly protected intermediate 26. TBS-Deprotection of 26 affords the benzyl protected penultimate intermediate 25 which is crystallized as the corresponding hemifumarate salt 25a. On the basis of solubility data, the final debenzylation was conducted in aqueous THF, and the API (8) is isolated from acetonitrile by an unusual distillative crystallization process. The development of an efficient process to prepare amine 9 is also described.
Physiological factors associated with the lower maximal oxygen consumption of master runners

We examined the hemodynamic factors associated with the lower maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) in older formerly elite distance runners. Heart rate and VO2 were measured during submaximal and maximal treadmill exercise in 11 master [66 +/- 8 (SD) yr] and 11 young (32 +/- 5 yr) male runners. Cardiac output was determined using acetylene rebreathing at 30, 50, 70, and 85% VO2max. Maximal cardiac output was estimated using submaximal stroke volume and maximal heart rate. VO2max was 36% lower in master runners (45.0 +/- 6.9 vs. 70.4 +/- 8.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, P less than or equal to 0.05), because of both a lower maximal cardiac output (18.2 +/- 3.5 vs. 25.4 +/- 1.7 l.min-1) and arteriovenous O2 difference (16.6 +/- 1.6 vs. 18.7 +/- 1.4 ml O2.100 ml blood-1, P less than or equal to 0.05). Reduced maximal heart rate (154.4 +/- 17.4 vs. 185 +/- 5.8 beats.min-1) and stroke volume (117.1 +/- 16.1 vs. 137.2 +/- 8.7 ml.beat-1) contributed to the lower cardiac output in the older athletes (P less than or equal 0.05). These data indicate that VO2max is lower in master runners because of a diminished capacity to deliver and extract O2 during exercise.
Rotating Flows of Two Liquids

The problem of shapes of interfaces between fluids which rotate rigidly without shear, when gravity is neglected, is determined by a balance of the capillary force against pressure forces associated with centripetal accelerations. When there is no rotation, and no other constraints, surface tension will pull the interface into a sphere.
Chronic Diarrhea: Diagnosis and Management

Chronic diarrhea is a common problem affecting up to 5% of the population at a given time. Patients vary in their definition of diarrhea, citing loose stool consistency, increased frequency, urgency of bowel movements, or incontinence as key symptoms. Physicians have used increased frequency of defecation or increased stool weight as major criteria and distinguish acute diarrhea, often due to self-limited, acute infections, from chronic diarrhea, which has a broader differential diagnosis, by duration of symptoms; 4 weeks is a frequently used cutoff. Symptom clusters and settings can be used to assess the likelihood of particular causes of diarrhea. Irritable bowel syndrome can be distinguished from some other causes of chronic diarrhea by the presence of pain that peaks before defecation, is relieved by defecation, and is associated with changes in stool form or frequency (Rome criteria). Patients with chronic diarrhea usually need some evaluation, but history and physical examination may be sufficient to direct therapy in some. For example, diet, medications, and surgery or radiation therapy can be important causes of chronic diarrhea that can be suspected on the basis of history alone. Testing is indicated when alarm features are present, when there is no obvious cause evident, or the differential diagnosis needs further delineation. Testing of blood and stool, endoscopy, imaging studies, histology, and physiological testing all have roles to play but are not all needed in every patient. Categorizing patients after limited testing may allow more directed testing and more rapid diagnosis. Empiric antidiarrheal therapy can be used to mitigate symptoms in most patients for whom a specific treatment is not available.
The Role of Spatial Autocorrelation in Prioritizing Sites Within a Geographic Landscape

Superfund program legislation—primarily the U.S. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act—and its public health motivations catapulted environmental contamination issues into the forefront of society’s concerns. One outcome was a report by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC, 1994) examining principal methods considered or actually employed by federal and state government agencies to prioritize the remediation of hazardous waste sites. The emphasis was on between-site variation among locations, initially overlooking within-site variation for locations. The purpose of this paper is to extend more recent work on prioritizing the remediation of subregions within a given hazardous waste site, emphasizing within-site variation for locations. These extensions are illustrated with a case study of the Murray superfund site.
Using a Flipped, Blended Learning Model to Build a Modern Classroom for Senior Medical Students Transitioning to Residency

Transition-to-residency courses have been developed to aid in the transition from senior medical student to intern. However, few modern learning techniques have been used in this setting to make learning actionable. We describe an innovative transition-to-residency course, “Ready 4 Residency” (R4R), that capitalized on a novel flipped, blended learning model. In both qualitative and quantitative feedback, students praised the flipped, blended format, the overall course quality, and the enjoyable nature of the course. This new model can be used to build a modern, high-yield, and engaging classroom for senior medical students.
Polarimetric Signatures of Midlatitude Warm-Rain Precipitation Events

AbstractPrecipitation events in which rainfall is generated primarily below the freezing level via warm-rain processes have traditionally presented a significant challenge for radar and satellite quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) algorithms. It is possible to improve QPE in warm-rain events if they are correctly identified/classified as warm rain prior to precipitation estimation. Additionally, it is anticipated that classification schemes incorporating polarimetric radar data will be able to leverage precipitation microphysical information to better identify warm-rain precipitation events. This study lays the groundwork for the development of a polarimetric warm-rain classification algorithm by documenting the typical three-dimensional polarimetric characteristics associated with midlatitude warm-rain precipitation events. These characteristics are then compared with those observed in non-warm-rain events. Nearly all warm-rain precipitation events were characterized by lower median values of Z,...
Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity

Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) refers to a clinical phenotype in which patients experience intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms related to ingesting a gluten-containing diet after a diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy has been excluded. CD, an autoimmune disease characterized by villous atrophy triggered by the ingestion of gluten, has increased in prevalence in recent decades, although the majority of patients remain undiagnosed. There is now an increasing public awareness of NCGS and growing interest in the health effects of gluten among health professionals and the lay public. Several randomized controlled trials have explored NCGS but have left many questions unanswered surrounding the pathophysiology, biomarkers, and established diagnostic approach to patients with this condition. Future studies are necessary to establish biomarkers and to elucidate the pathophysiology of this condition because at present, NCGS likely comprises a heterogeneous patient population. In this review, we outline the clinical trials of NCGS as well as the approach to patients with possible NCGS as recommended by an international expert panel. Because maintaining a gluten-free diet has important health, social, and economic consequences, it is necessary for medical professionals to provide practical and evidence-based advice to patients with this condition.
BIGLY Mistweated: On Civic Grievance

In the wake of decelerating Authority, the current US administration exposes predatory greed and masculinist pathologies that write-up our political bodies. Taking off from the works of Jacques Derrida, Paul Celan and Melanie Klein, the essay probes key moments of destructive behaviours that characterize the new Administration and pursues aspects and implications of the nihilistic disclosure that we must stare down. A rhetorical analysis of Trumpian obscenity as well as an investigation into the returning phantasms associated with Germany structure the argument. The end of the essay reopens the case of Hamlet , where justice and immaturity fight to the finish.
Medical Therapy with Pasireotide in Recurrent Cushing's Disease: Experience of Patients Treated for At Least 1 Year at a Single Center.

Subcutaneous (SC) injection of pasireotide, a somatostatin analog, is approved for the treatment of adults with Cushing’s disease (CD) for whom pituitary surgery was unsuccessful or is not an option. We highlight the symptomatic and biochemical improvement of 6 patients with recurrent CD treated with pasireotide SC at a single center for at least 1 year. Patients were treated either through commercial use (n=5) or through the Phase 3 trial (n=1; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00434148; study number, B2305). Most patients (n=5) were female, and the mean age at diagnosis was 35.8 years. All patients demonstrated biochemical control at 1 year of treatment. Three of the 5 real-world patients followed for more than 1 year remain on pasireotide SC, and are controlled. Two patients discontinued pasireotide SC; 1 patient because of persistently elevated urinary free cortisol levels and gallstones, and the other because of treatment for an unrelated brain tumor. Symptomatic improvement varied, but all patients demonstrated weight loss. Nausea and mild, transient injection-site reactions were the most frequently reported adverse events. Although glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) increased after treatment initiation, 4 of 5 patients maintained HbA1c levels ≤7.0% while receiving pasireotide SC and concomitant individualized diabetes medication, if necessary. In patients who discontinued pasireotide SC, HbA1c levels decreased within 6 weeks. This report documents real-world use of pasireotide SC and indicates its effectiveness as a long-term treatment option for patients with CD. Although hyperglycemia was observed in most patients, it was managed with appropriate monitoring and treatment and was reversible upon discontinuation of pasireotide SC.
Testosterone Therapy Improves the First Year Height Velocity in Adolescent Boys with Constitutional Delay of Growth and Puberty.

Background Constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) can cause significant psychological distress in adolescent boys. Although testosterone usage in this group has not been shown to affect the final adult height, the effect on the first year height velocity has not been widely reported. Objectives The aim is to determine whether testosterone treatment improves the first year height velocity in boys with CDGP when compared to boys with CDGP who go through puberty spontaneously. Methods Retrospective data from 23 adolescent boys with CDGP was analysed. Ten out of 23 boys (43%) received testosterone injection (testosterone enanthate, 125 mg), once every 6 weeks for 3 doses in total. Both the groups (treated and untreated) had their height, bone age and testicular volume measured at the baseline, The height velocity and final predicted adult height were compared at the end of one year between both the groups. Results In the testosterone-untreated group, the mean (± SD) chronological age, bone age, height standard deviation scores (SDS) and testicular volume were 14.3 years (± 0.3),12.1 years (± 1.6), -1.9 (± 0.8) and 4.7 mL (± 1.1) respectively. Within the testosterone-treated group the mean (± SD) chronological age, bone age, height SDS and testicular volume at presentation were 14.4 years (± 0.4), 11 years (± 1.6), -2.1 SD(± 0.6) and 4.5 mL (± 1.2) respectively. The mean age of treatment with testosterone was 14.4 years (± 0.44). The mean height velocity one year after treatment was 8.4 cm/year (± 1.7) in the testosterone treated group when compared to 6.1 cm/year (± 2.1) in the patients who did not receive treatment (P = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the final predicted height between the 2 groups (P = 0.15). Conclusions Testosterone therapy improves the first year height velocity in boys with CDGP, without influencing their final predicted height.
Halyomorpha halys mortality and sublethal feeding effects following insecticide exposure

The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal), is a highly polyphagous invasive pest. Increased use of broad-spectrum insecticides to manage H. halys has resulted in secondary pest outbreaks and disruptions to integrated pest management (IPM) programs. We evaluated H. halys mortality, molting, and feeding after exposure to insecticides in the laboratory. Five insecticides (four active ingredients), considered less risky to natural enemies, were compared to a pyrethroid insecticide and an untreated control. Compared to the control, only azadirachtin + pyrethrins significantly reduced egg hatch, while all insecticides caused significant direct mortality to 1st and 2nd instars 5 days after hatch (DAH). Bifenthrin quickly caused complete mortality of adults, and the only insecticide to statistically match this level of mortality was sulfoxaflor at 14 days after treatment (DAT). Azadirachtin + pyrethrins and sulfoxaflor significantly reduced the proportion of 1st instars that molted compared to the control. Adults that survived sulfoxaflor exposure produced significantly fewer feeding sites than the control. However, when taking into consideration both lethal and sublethal effects, all insecticides, except pyrethrins, resulted in significant reductions in feeding sites/individual compared to the control. This more complete estimate of efficacy (i.e., reduction in injury/insect), confirms the potential of several insecticides to reduce crop injury without the necessity of high direct mortality to H. halys.
Editorial: Advancing Scholarship on Remittances

The articles included in this issue of Remittance Review reinforce our continued efforts in maturation of theory in the study of remittance practices (see Sirkeci, Cohen, Ratha, 2012 and Ratha and Sirkeci, 2010). The themes addressed go well beyond concerns with the physical nature of remittances, direction of flows and outcomes of remittance practices in an economic vacuum. In fact, the authors whose articles are included here, work from the belief that remittances are best understood within a political economy framework that emphasizes global market forces, pays careful attention to how remittances are embedded in culture and society, and recognizes how remittances as well as migration influence, and are influenced by, kinship.
Countering HIV — Three’s the Charm?

Preventing HIV Infection in a Simian Model Two proof-of-principle studies using a hybrid simian model of HIV infection showed that broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can prevent infection.
Water Governance in Bulgarian Agriculture

This paper analyzes evolution and efficiency of water governance in Bulgarian agriculture during post-communist transition and EU integration. First, it defines the water governance and the scope of analysis. Next, it presents the process of transformation of agricultural water governance embracing all mechanisms and modes including institutional environment, market, private, public, and hybrid. Third, it assesses impacts of newly evolved system of governance on efficiency and sustainability. Finally, it suggests recommendations for improvement of public policies.
Nanodevices: fabrication, prospects for low dimensional devices and applications

Abstract: In the nano-realm, the line between where a ‘structure’ ends and a ‘device’ begins can at times be a thin one. More often than not, device characteristics may serve as the deciding boundary, albeit with the expected arguable interdisciplinary definitional differences. Nevertheless, taking its cues from the monumental breakthroughs in terms of devices and circuits, as these have come to be defined in the field of microelectronics, this chapter provides a look into the progress toward this same level of 3D functionality for nanoscale electronic devices. Beginning with a brief overview of the historical steps that have led to modern-day nanodevice technology to select milestones illustrative of device operation, the narrative to follow is designed to offer a template for and a guide toward a more detailed study into this quite extensive topic. However, with allowance for a certain degree of author’s choice as to the devices themselves, this chapter pays homage to key discoveries in the field – of both device components and the equipment used to create or characterize them – while describing some of the structures that have come to be state-of-the-art illustrations of nanodevices in this wideranging, dynamic, and continually evolving field.
Fracture Toughness Enhancement Due to Particle Transformation

In certain ceramics, the high stress in the tip of a macroscopic crack induces martinsitic type transformation of second phase particles (e.g., Zirconia, ZrO2). The transformation changes the near-tip stress by decreasing the net stress intensity factor and the toughness of the material is thereby enhanced. To evaluate the decrease of the stress intensity factor, one needs to know the distribution of transformation strain around the crack tip. Therefore, an incremental analysis of plasticity, which takes into account the microstructural properties and mechanism of the particle transformation, is generally required.
Technology and System Readiness Assessment for a Nuclear Energy R&D Program

This paper discusses modification of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Technology Readiness Assessment Guide (DOE G 413.3-4A) for use in the Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Technology Research and Development (NTRD) program. DOE 413.3-4A describes an approach for identifying and managing technology risks in large construction projects to ensure technology development is part of the project baseline and technology maturity is sufficiently advanced before including a technology in the facility design. The process includes the identification of Critical Technology Elements (CTEs), followed by in-depth evaluation of Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and development of Technology Maturation Plans (TMPs) for those CTEs. This approach was augmented for the NTRD program to include System Readiness Levels (SRLs) as a complement to TRLs, and developing perspective tracks to better organize the TRL/SRL evaluations that determine the level of knowledge/maturation of the CTEs (e.g. Experiments & Modeling, Safety & Hazards, Manufacturing, etc.). The augmented approach was tested on two areas of research in 2017 (metallic nuclear fuels and fuel dissolution for recycling) and is now being applied to a complete advanced nuclear fuel cycle (from uranium mining to waste disposal).
Airway Closure Delay: The Predominant Pathophysiology in Reflux-Associated Dysphagia.

ObjectiveReflux disease is common in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, but the impact of reflux on oropharyngeal swallowing physiology is not known. This study uses objective measures of swall...
III. The Contemplative Pedagogy Coward

When I was asked about contributing to this roundtable on contemplative pedagogy, I was honored to be included in the mix. Yes, I have experimented in my teaching with contemplative practices for about five years now, and so I fit the group's focus in that way. And yes, my postdoctoral work focused on university pedagogy, and so it would seem like I would be a natural for this sort of roundtable. But before I go any further, I feel as though I need to out myself for who I truly am—instead of being a contemplative professor, I am a contemplative coward. No doubt, I have been impressed reading about and witnessing other professors’ thoughtful uses of contemplative practices in the classroom. And I even dabble in having my world religions students “go through the motions” of religious practices from Buddhism and Islam. But as I spent time thinking through my approach in anticipation of this roundtable, it became clear that my efforts have been nothing short of cowardly, due to the fact that, first, I have questioned my own ability to lead students in contemplative exercises, and second, I have been wary of asking students to engage in the practices of religious others in a serious way.
Transition to Oral versus Continued Intravenous Antibiotics for Patients with Pyogenic Liver Abscesses: A Retrospective Analysis

Introduction The management of pyogenic liver abscesses usually requires 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy. It is unknown if oral (PO) antibiotics are as effective as intravenous (IV) antibiotics for this indication. Objectives To compare 30-, 60-, and 90-day readmission rates between patients with pyogenic liver abscesses receiving IV antibiotics for the duration of therapy and those who were transitioned to PO antibiotics after discharge from the hospital. Methods This retrospective study included patients with pyogenic liver abscesses who had undergone percutaneous drainage and received IV antibiotics while in the hospital. Patients were grouped based on receipt of either PO or IV antibiotics at discharge. Results The final cohort resulted in 99 patients, 48 in the PO group and 51 in the IV group. The most common organisms identified were Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus sp. The most common antibiotic received at discharge in the IV group was ertapenem or ceftriaxone plus metronidazole. Patients in the PO group most commonly received levofloxacin plus metronidazole at discharge. Thirty-day readmission occurred more frequently in the PO group (PO 39.6% vs IV 17.6%, p=0.03). The most common reasons for readmission were complications related to abscess or antibiotic. Univariate logistic regression for readmission identified PO antibiotics at discharge as an independent predictor of readmission at 30 days (odds ratio [OR] 3.1), 60 days (OR 3.9), and 90 days (OR 3.1). Conclusion Transition to PO antibiotics that consisted mostly of fluoroquinolones for patients with pyogenic liver abscesses was associated with a higher rate of 30-day readmission compared with patients treated with IV antibiotics that consisted mostly of β-lactams.
Trim Forces and Free Response to Configuration Changes on General Aviation Aircraft

This paper examines airplane response to flap extension on seven general aviation airplanes. The scenario involves a pilot flying in the traffic pattern who becomes distracted, abruptly extends flaps while looking outside the airplane, and fails to notice airspeed and pitch-attitude changes. In the Code of Federal Regulation §23.143, the Federal Aviation Administration requires no more than 50 pounds of pitch wheel force to arrest any un-commanded airplane pitch response. The airplanes tested in this report had pitch forces less than 40 pounds. Despite satisfying the FAA requirement, data gathered in-flight showed a pitch-up to more than 30 degrees in 5 seconds after flap extension, subsequently causing airspeed to drop below stall speed for four of the airplanes. If the pilot did not compensate for this response with positive pitch inputs on the controls, the airplanes would have stalled. At traffic pattern altitudes, stalling an airplane can be fatal. The National Transportation Safety Board listed over 1000 accidents caused by loss-of-control in the traffic pattern between 1982 and 2015. Since general aviation airplanes do not carry flight data recorders, it is unknown how many of those accidents may have involved stalls caused by un-commanded response after flap extension. From the data gathered in-flight, it seems possible some were. To improve safety, airplane developers could interconnect flaps with the elevator, reduce horizontal tail size, or use a T-tail. The FAA should consider reducing the maximum pitch stick and wheel forces in CFR §23.143 to 20 pounds or less.
Group-III quantum defects in diamond are stable spin-1 color centers

Color centers in diamond have emerged as leading solid-state ``artificial atoms'' for a range of quantum technologies, from quantum sensing to quantum networks. Concerted research activities are now underway to identify new color centers that combine stable spin and optical properties of the nitrogen vacancy (${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) with the spectral stability of the silicon vacancy (${\mathrm{SiV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) centers in diamond, with recent research identifying other group-IV color centers with superior properties. In this paper, we investigate a class of diamond quantum emitters from first principles, the group-III color centers, which we show to be thermodynamically stable in a spin-1, electric-field-insensitive structure. From ab initio electronic structure methods, we characterize the product Jahn-Teller (pJT) effect present in the excited-state manifold of these group-III color centers, where we capture symmetry-breaking distortions associated with strong electron-phonon coupling. These predictions can guide experimental identification of group-III vacancy centers and their use in applications in quantum information science and technology.
Randomized clinical trial of computerized PAINRelieveIt® for patients with sickle cell disease: PAINReportIt® and PAINUCope®.

Abstract Objective To compare effects of a tailored multimedia education program versus usual-care on barriers to pain management of adult patients with SCD. Methods Pretest/posttest randomized controlled trial (RCT) of 228 outpatients with SCD randomized to the tablet-based PAINUCope intervention focused on barriers to pain management, pain, and analgesic adherence or selection of games (control). Outcomes were barriers to pain management, pain, and analgesic adherence. Results The barriers to pain management and pain scores did not change significantly from pretest to posttest for either condition. Changes in analgesic adherence rates from pretest to posttest were statistically significant for the intervention group (p = .046) but not for the usual care group (p = .419). The group difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions This first RCT of a tailored multimedia education intervention with adult patients with SCD did not significantly reduce the outcomes of interest compared to the control group. Findings provide insights for improving intervention delivery and reinforcement of patient behaviors. Practice implications Study redesign is warranted with modifications that include theoretical and methodological approaches and patient-centered delivery of the intervention that take advantage of recent technology developments.
Social Critique as Religious Formation: Relational Practices in Faith-Based Activism

For many religious Americans, the start of the twenty-first century has been a period of reflection about deepening socioeconomic inequalities and heightened racial and ethnic tensions. Yet consens...
1 – Cross Country Inflation Evidence of the Moneyness of Time Deposits*

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a cross-country inflation evidence of the moneyness of time deposits. A large increase in the money supply of a fully, or nearly fully, employed economy will cause inflation. This suggests a way of testing whether a near-money asset, say time deposits, should be included in empirical definitions of the money supply. The chapter presents two economies that have been similar over a period of years except that one has undergone a substantially larger increase in time deposits than the other. If time deposits belong in the money supply, then the one economy should experience greater inflation than the other. The analysis presented in this chapter implements a more operational version of this idea, using long-run, cross-country data. A technique described in the chapter has been suggested for estimating the weights of assets included in the definition of money; and the technique has been applied to cross-country inflation data. Given the crudeness of the method, the collinearity problem, and the shortcomings of the data, the results represent a small bit of evidence. Nonetheless, the evidence indicates that savings and time deposits are better left out of the definition of money than included equally with currency and demand deposits.
Drought monitoring using high spatial resolution soil moisture data over Australia in 2015-2019

Abstract Drought is one of the major hazards that could have a significant impact on agriculture. In this study, two drought indices at high spatial resolution: Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI) and Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) were derived by 1 km downscaled Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) soil moisture (SM), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) long-term SM and soil attribute products, and used to analyze the drought conditions in Australia in 2015–2019. The SWDI was calculated from SMAP SM estimates and SM at field capacity/wilting point derived from soil attribute data, while the SMDI was calculated by integrating GLDAS and SMAP SM using a temporally incremental based method. We found that in the eastern and western coastal regions, the droughts occurred during spring and summer and were relieved in fall and winter. The temporal change pattern of drought conditions for the northern coastal regions was opposite of the eastern/western coasts. On the other hand, the inland regions always had more severe drought conditions. Additionally, the validation results for the 1 km SMAP SM using International Soil Moisture Network (ISMN) in situ data showed reliable accuracy and the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 m3/m3. Both SWDI and SMDI showed clear seasonal and interannual variability, and the drought conditions worsened in 2017–2019. From the 1 km SWDI/SMDI maps in the Murray-Darling River Basin, terrain and streamflow were found to be two deterministic factors for the drought conditions.
Enantioselective Allylation of Alkenyl Boronates Promotes a 1,2-Metalate Rearrangement with 1,3-Diastereocontrol

Alkenyl boronates add to Ir(π-allyl) intermediates with high enantioselectivity. A 1,2-metalate shift forms a second C-C bond and sets a 1,3-stereochemical relationship. The three-component coupling provides tertiary boronic esters that can undergo multiple additional functionalizations. An extension to trisubstituted olefins sets three contiguous stereocenters.
Unmet needs for ancillary care services are associated with HIV clinical outcomes among adults with diagnosed HIV.

Ancillary care services are essential for supporting care engagement and viral suppression among persons with HIV. Estimating unmet needs for ancillary care services may help address care barriers ...