cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rape Rumors: The Effects of Reporting or Denying Rumors of Sexual Assaults on Campus

Two studies examine the effects of reporting rumors of sexual assaults on a college campus. Participants read headlines and short articles about an unfamiliar college. Key headlines and articles reported an increase in sexual assaults as a fact, a rumor, a denied rumor, or a proven falsehood. Participants then rated perceptions of the college, including opinions on the level of crime and safety on campus. Results showed that both reporting the crimes as rumors and reporting denials of the rumors increased concerns compared to control conditions, but these concerns were lower than the concerns raised by reporting the assaults as fact. Findings are in line with predictions and match previous research on rumors and the impact of reported innuendo.
Why Naive Ensembles Do Not Work in Cloud Computing

One of the greatest challenges of data mining is dealing with very large datasets. Cloud computing has demonstrated great advantages in processing very large datasets. When considering taking advantage of the high performance data cloud to do data mining, there are different approaches to make an existing data mining algorithm parallelizable in a cloud computing environment. One concern is how to achieve better performance by making use of the data in a more intelligent way. In this paper, we describe two different approaches to parallelize the existing random decision tree mining algorithm, which we have built on the Sector/Sphere cloud computing environment. We compare the cost and accuracy between those two different implementations and analyze the result of this experimental study.
State-Dependent Attractiveness of Protein Bait and Host Fruit Odor to Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Females

We evaluated responses of protein-deprived and protein-fed mature (26–30-d-old) female melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), to odor of host fruit and of proteinaceous baits by using 1 by 1 by 1-m cages containing nonhost plants. Protein-deprived and protein-fed females were attracted equally to odor of host fruit. For both types of females, odor of cucumber, Cucumis sativis L., and cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., was more attractive than odor of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L. Odor of kabocha, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, was more attractive than the odor of bittermelon, Momordica charantia L., but not more attractive than zucchini squash, Cucurbita pepo L. In choice tests, protein-fed females preferred cucumber odor over protein odor, whereas protein-deprived flies showed an almost identical response to the two odors. Our findings suggest that some feral host-seeking B. cucurbitae females that have fed recently on natural sources of protein and carry mature eggs might bypass proteinaceous baits, reducing the effectiveness of current approaches to melon fly management.
Measuring Cardiac Function

The normal cardiovascular system is a finely tuned pump and delivery system functioning together, with optimal efficiency, to match cardiac output to the integrated metabolic demands of the entire corpus. The inherent physical properties of the two systems contribute to the efficiency, and the physiological coordination of central and local control mechanisms assure that all tissues are supplied with appropriate blood supply. Under normal circumstances, local demands for blood flow are met by locally controlled adjustments and diversion of flow to metabolically active tissues without the need to increase pump function. When metabolic demands increase significantly, cardiac output must increase to meet the demand. If the heart is unable to meet the demand, the corpus is, by definition, in heart failure.
Guardianship for Persons with Mental Illness - A Legal and Appropriate Alternative?

By limiting an individual’s right to make decisions, guardianship removes the individual from a range of human, social, and civic interactions thereby imposing a form of unjust and impermissible segregation. After discussing some of the problems with existing guardianship laws, and why guardianship is particularly ill-suited for individuals with psychosocial disabilities, the Article analyzes guardianship through the lens of the ADA’s integration mandate, referring to provisions of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities for normative support, to argue that states should, and possibly must, modify guardianship systems to provide decision-making support as a less restrictive form of assistance. In the case of individuals with psychosocial conditions, where there tends to be a conscious or unconscious presumption of incapacity that is not empirically justified, and where the provision of support rather than the removal of decision-making rights has significant therapeutic benefits, the shift from surrogate to supported decision making is critical.
Book Review: Teaching in the Terrordome: Two Years in West Baltimore with Teach For America by Heather Kirn Lanier

In the years since Heather Kirn Lanier attended summer institute, Teach For America has become a strong component of the debate surrounding education reform. At least until the conclusion of the narrative, Teaching in the Terrordome: Two Years in West Baltimore with Teach For America, Kirn does not attempt to lend aid to one side of the debate. Nor does she give detailed solutions on how to improve failing urban schools. Instead, Kirn eloquently describes her experience completing a task most recent college graduates would find incomprehensible: teaching for two years in a failing school with only five weeks of training for preparation. The narrative aims to educate those outside of the education field of the ineffectiveness which infiltrates all levels of urban education in today’s American city. However, Teaching in the Terrordome accomplishes much more, offering different forms of insight depending on the reader’s prior experience; the strength of the narrative is its relevance to a variety of reader demographics. For those who have worked at a school outside of an urban setting, the book can be used to compare successful and unsuccessful schools in a multitude of ways. Alternatively, those who have worked at a similar school to Kirn’s, such as myself, will appreciate reflecting on difficult experiences with a narrative that captures the daily and yearly frustrations only a high-needs school educator would fully understand.
Innate Immune Response and Psychotic Disorders

Abstract Converging evidence suggests that infections and alterations in the immune system may contribute to the development of psychotic disorders. Psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia, are viewed as neurodevelopmental diseases, in which the illness is the end state of an abnormal neurodevelopmental process that has already started during prenatal development and continued in adolescence. It is believed that the illness is caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental insults. Infections and other inflammation-provoking exposures are among the most widely studied environmental risk factors. People with first-episode psychosis and with chronic psychotic disorders seem to have both proinflammatory activation of the innate immune system and an activation of T cells of the adaptive immune system. These alterations are mostly marked during an acute psychotic episode. In patients with chronic psychotic disorders, systemic inflammation is associated with metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In this chapter, the evidence linking innate immune responses to the developmental process leading to psychotic disorders has been reviewed.
Thermal Dosimetry of Normal Porcine Tissue

The response of normal porcine fat and muscle to graduated doses of hyperthermia provided by an annularly focused acoustic source was measured. Temperatures and exposure times were varied between 43 degrees C (20-90 min), 45 and 47 degrees C (20-60 min), and 49 degrees C (20 min). Response, based on histologic grading of the treated sites 30 days after exposure, was found to correlate well when mapped against several methods of estimating thermal energy deposition. The threshold for damage production was at or near 43 degrees C. For a given temperature, a nearly exponential increase in relative tissue damage as a function of increased exposure time was found. A twofold increase in tissue damage was produced in fat relative to muscle at any given thermal dose.
Anatomic Site of Application of Ice-Nucleating Active Bacteria Affects Supercooling in the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Most overwintering insects do not survive internal freezing and must avoid low temperatures or enhance the capacity of their body fluids to supercool to survive low temperature exposure. Recent reports have demonstrated that the application of ice-nucleating active microorganisms markedly diminishes supercooling. Topical application of as little as 20 ppm of a suspension of a freeze-dried preparation of the ice-nucleating active bacterium Pseudomonas syringae van Hall was sufficient to elevate the mean supercooling point of the overwintering adults of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), from −8.7 to −4.7°C. Previous reports have demonstrated that topical application of these biological ice nucleators to insects whose mouths have been sealed still reduces supercooling capacity; however, the anatomical route by which these agents make contact with body water is unclear. Application of the P. syringae suspension to the ventral abdomen did not significantly increase the supercooling point (−5.5°C) compared with beetles treated with the non-ice-nucleating active (control) bacterium Escherichia coli (Migula). However, application of the ice-nucleating agent to the thoracic spiracle, ventral cervix, or abdominal spiracle elevated supercooling point values above those of beetles treated on the ventral abdomen. These data are instructive in the development of methods for the use of ice-nucleating active microorganisms for the biological control of overwintering pests.
Knowledge Practices, Institutional Strategies, and External Influences in the Making of an Interdisciplinary Field: Insights From the Case of Women’s and Gender Studies

This article analyzes the formation of women’s and gender studies as an interdisciplinary academic field. The author draws on comparative case studies of three early-adopter women’s studies departm...
New species of Nematothallus from the Silurian Bloomsburg Formation of Pennsylvania

The early terrestrial fossil record contains numerous Siluro-Devonian problematic Thallophyta which have morphological and habitat characteristics intermediate between the algae and the embryophytic plant kingdom. Three new species of the genus Nematothallus Lang (N. taenia, N. lobata, and N. elliptica) are described from a coaly lens in the Bloomsburg Formation (Ludlow). They are included in the order Nematophytales, which is placed in a new informal taxonomic group, Paraphyta, intended to include enigmatic, terrestrial plant-like fossils. These species designations are based upon the gross morphology of carbonized thalli which consist of an underlying anatomy of flattened tubular elements. The association and attachment of cuticles and axes of ?Prototaxites to Nematothallus is clearly demonstrated in these collections. The morphological and anatomical variety expressed in the numerous fragments of thalli from the deposit implies moderate levels of organic diversity in a “flora” of nonvascular, terrestrial plant-like thallophytes which predates the adaptive radiation of the embryophytes.
Overview of development of network science

This paper describes the development history of network science,basic concepts,classification of network science,theo-retical basis,main network models and their analysis methods.Then it discusses research achievements and advances of network science in recent years.Finally,possible applications and development prospection for network science are pointed out.
Mathematically Characterizing Natural Systems for Adaptable, Biomimetic Design

Abstract Biomimicry, used increasingly to make engineering advances, remains underutilized on the scale of the built environment. Drawing from a systems engineering foundation, this research characterizes biomimetic design by the natural principle form follows function . By identifying and manipulating the mathematical functions that govern the resulting natural form, this research explores how built structures can best capture the fundamental functions of an organism. Studying an organism's form, processes, and habitat can lead to the development of structures that are able to adapt to changing trends and standards over time. An example is provided from the authors’ current project, which involves structurally modeling the Turritella terebra seashell and conducting parametric studies to determine which of its characteristics allow for its adaptability. These adaptability parameters can be mapped to analogous characteristics in structural design.
Research Note: Felt Reports from the 20 July 1991 Falls City Earthquake, Karnes County, Texas

An earthquake occurred at approximately 2338 UTC on July 20, 1991 (1838 CDT), in the vicinity of Falls City, Texas (Fig. 1), a small community situated about 67 km southeast of San Antonio. Using observations from ALQ, ATX, GOL, TUL and VVO, the NEIS reported a preliminary location of 29.0N 98.1W, and a body wave magnitude (mb) of 3.6, with no instrumentally measured focal depth. ATX (Austin, Texas) was the closest station. To determine the extent and intensity of the felt area of this earthquake, we published an earthquake questionnaire in the Karnes City Citation, the local newspaper, and one of us (Daniel Olson) personally interviewed people in Falls City and the surrounding area. All felt reports collected formed the basis for determining the felt area of this event (Figure 1). These reports varied from not felt, to felt and accompanied with loud noise, such as an explosion or a sonic boom. The felt area centered approximately on Falls City (29.0N, 98.0W), 11 kilometers east of the NEIS preliminary location. The felt area was oblong in shape, trending northeast-southwest, parallel to the Karnes and Wilson county line. The area of Modified Mercalli intensity IV felt reports covered 75 square km, and might have been large as 250 square km, if we include sparsely populated areas north and west of Falls City. For either 75 or 250 square km, the Nuttli et al. (1979) relation between intensity IV felt area and mb is consistent with mb of only 3.0 or less. . . .
Metastatic cancer to the testes: A report of 20 cases and review of the literature

Metastatic carcinoma to the testis is an extremely rare but interesting phenomenon. A variety of neoplasms have been reported to involve the testis metastatically. We report our experience with 20 cases of unilateral and bilateral testicular metastases during an 11-year period and review the relevant literature.
A Modified Healthy Aging Index and Its Association with Mortality: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002.

Background Comorbidity indices that are based on clinically recognized disease do not capture the full spectrum of health. The Healthy Aging Index (HAI) was recently developed to describe a wider range of health and disease across multiple organ systems. We characterized the distribution of a modified HAI (mHAI) by sociodemographics in a representative sample of the U.S. population. We also examined the association of the mHAI with mortality across individuals with different levels of clinically recognizable comorbidities. Methods Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000, 2001-2002) on 2,451 adults aged 60 years or older. Five mHAI components (systolic blood pressure, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, cystatin C, glucose, and respiratory problems) were scored 0 (healthiest), 1, or 2 (unhealthiest) by sex-specific tertiles or clinically relevant cutoffs and summed to construct the mHAI. Results The mean mHAI score was 4.3; 20.6% had a score of 0-2. 33.2% had a score of 3-4, 31.0% had a score of 5-6, and 15.2% had a score of 7-10. Mean mHAI scores were lower in adults who were younger, non-Hispanic whites, more educated, and married/living with partner. After multivariate adjustment, per unit higher of the mHAI was associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.11-1.27) and higher cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.11-1.35). Within each comorbidity category (0, 1, 2, 3, 4+), the mHAI was still widely distributed and further stratified mortality. Conclusions Substantial variation exists in the mHAI across sociodemographic subgroups. The mHAI could provide incremental value for mortality risk prediction beyond clinically diagnosed chronic diseases among elders.
Near-Field Optical Forces from Surface Plasmon Polaritons: Experiment and Theory

The propulsion of gold nanoparticles by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is demonstrated experimentally. Numerical electromagnetic simulations, using three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) modeling is carried out. These simulations predict that the optical forces are enhanced, due to the field enhancement provided by SPPs and the near-field coupling between the gold particles and the film. The physical origin of the coupling phenomenon is discussed, as it is an important part of the enhanced propulsion phenomenon. A comparison is made between the measured optical force, and the forces predicted by FDTD simulations. The results are shown to be in reasonable agreement.
Trade Gains via Business Market Share: U.S.-Global Posturing with Insight from Previous Manufacturing Battles

Freshly elected United States President Donald J. Trump has ushered in a new but debated era of global economic repositioning, in which trade policies, particularly regarding manufacturing, may drastically change in the form of new tariffs, or renegotiated agreements, which might be termed the Washington-Nationalist Ambivalence. This might greatly affect the business environment for managers. At the same time, the world is witnessing a greater divergence of economic policy between developed and emerging nations. In light of this, do any of Mr. Trump’s ideas meet the test of economic theory, traditional or modern? This article combines micro- and macroeconomics with an understanding of business and market share, through several related models. Specifically, it uses concepts from orthodox trade theory as well as comprehensible evidence from the 1970s-1980s auto and manufacturing battles to propose an original concept, that under certain circumstances beyond the “optimal tariff,” tariffs in competitive industries with low import market shares are justified. Managers might appeal these ideas to the Trump Administration. Additionally, it proffers a new measurement called “choice purchasing power” to reconcile global trade divergences, which future research could validate, while it offers a lukewarm, hypothesized hope that the new U.S. administration will heed to such reasonable policies, and turn away from many of the flagrant misnomers made during the 2016 U.S. presidential campaign.
Prolapse of the Pipeline embolization device in aneurysms: incidence, management, and outcomes

OBJECTIVEThe Pipeline embolization device (PED) is frequently used in the treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms, especially around the carotid siphon, with generally excellent results. However, the PED has its own unique technical challenges, including the occurrence of device foreshortening or migration leading to prolapse into the aneurysm. The authors sought to determine the incidence of this phenomenon, the rescue strategies, and outcomes.METHODSFour institutional databases of neuroendovascular procedures were reviewed for cases of intracranial aneurysms treated with PEDs. Patient and aneurysm data as well as angiographic imaging were reviewed for all cases involving device prolapse into the aneurysm.RESULTSA total of 413 intracranial aneurysms were treated with PEDs during the study period, by 5 neurointerventionalists. Large and giant aneurysms (≥ 2 cm) accounted for 32 of these aneurysms. Among these 32 PEDs, prolapse into the aneurysm occurred in 3 patients, with 1 of these PEDs successfully...
Antiphospholipid Syndrome: What Should Patients Know?

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) resulting in clinical complications such as blood clots and pregnancy complications. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a general review of APS for patients and those who are interested in learning more about aPL/APS. Detailed information about aPL-related pregnancy problems can be found in Chapter 20.
On the zero-error capacity of channels with noisy feedback

The zero-error capacity of discrete memoryless channels (DMC) with noiseless feedback when variable-length codes are permitted has been shown to be positive whenever there exists at least one channel output “disprover”, i.e. a channel output that cannot be reached from at least one of the inputs. Furthermore, whenever there exists a disprover, this variable-length zero-error capacity attains the Shannon (small-error) capacity. Here, we study the zero-error capacity of a DMC when the channel feedback is noisy. We show that the variable-length zero-error capacity with noisy feedback is lower bounded by the forward channel's zero-undetected-error capacity, and show that under certain conditions this is tight. We survey conditions under which the zero-error capacity without feedback, with perfect feedback, and with noisy feedback, are positive.
Model-Building for Robust Reinforcement Learning

Most reinforcement learning algorithms are of the model-free type in which the transition probabilities are not computed and the agent seeks to make decisions without building the transition probability model. We focus on the model-based, also called model-building, algorithms that attempt to build the model along with optimization of the decision-making process. Model-based algorithms have certain advantages over model-free algorithms in that their behavior is more stable and robust. Another aspect of robustness and stability of the algorithm has to do with the variability in the value of the performance measure returned by the algorithm. We will present a new model-building algorithm that builds the transition probability model simultaneously with the value function and a new variance-penalizing algorithm that exhibits robustness with respect to the performance measure. Keyword 1: Optimization Keyword 2: Algorithm, Artificial Intelligence, operations research. INTRODUCTION Reinforcement learning (Bertsekas and Tsitsiklis, 1996; Sutton and Barto, 1998; Gosavi, 2003) seeks to solve Markov decision processes or problems (MDPs) via simulation-based optimization. Much of the literature in reinforcement learning (RL) focusses on bypassing the construction of the transition probability matrices (TPMs) needed in dynamic programming (DP). Indeed, the ability to solve the MDP without generating the TPM is one of the reasons why RL can break the curses of modeling and dimensionality that plague DP. However, bypassing the TPM model does come with a cost. It makes the RL algorithm’s convergence dependent on selecting an appropriate step-size (learning rate). This results in the performance becoming highly susceptible to optimal tuning of parameters that define the step size. In this paper, we seek to develop a model-building algorithm that generates the TPM simultaneously with the value function. The other algorithm we develop is one that studies robustness with respect to the variability in the performance metric.
The Environmental Perspective

I begin by backing up a little bit to talk about the context in which the National Action Plan was developed, because I think that’s important when we try to evaluate the plan and its overall adequacy for meeting, not only the near-term commitment that President Clinton announced, to return emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000, but the ultimate objective of the Climate Treaty itself, which is quite different. That objective is to stabilize the concentrations of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere at a level that prevents dangerous interference with the climate system.
Surface barriers and bulk pinning in YBa2Cu4O8.

Strong surface barrier effects have been observed for the motion of vortices in single-crystal ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$. They are most easily visible between 25 and 50 K where a typical hysteresis loop for fields less than 1 tesla shows a classic Bean-Livingston shape with magnetization close to zero for the leg of the hysteresis loop where vortices are exiting the sample. At higher fields, bulk pinning grows dramatically with a magnetic hysteresis loop that rises and falls with a classic fishtail shape. For these ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ single crystals, surface barriers dominate at low field with little bulk pinning. At 35 K, bulk pinning turns on at about 1 T.
Reading Interventions Delivered Outside of School: Introduction to the Special Issue:

Interventions for individuals with or at risk for reading disability (RD) need not occur only during the typical school day. Educators and researchers have been actively seeking opportunities to ex...
Under the radar: How firms manage competitive uncertainty by appointing friends of other chief executive officers to their boards

Research Summary In this study, we reveal a previously unstudied type of board tie that may help firms manage competitive uncertainty. While firms face regulatory barriers to the use of board interlock ties as a strategy for reducing competition, we suggest that firms can circumvent these barriers by appointing the friends of competitors' chief executive officers (CEOs) to their boards. Our theoretical framework addresses the antecedents, maintenance, and performance consequences of such “board‐friendship ties” to rivals. Our theory explains (a) why firms form and maintain board‐friendship ties, where maintenance involves the reconstitution of broken ties and (b) how firms form and maintain these ties, by revealing the role of search firms in identifying the friends of rivals' CEOs. Empirical analyses of large‐sample, longitudinal survey and archival data provide substantial support for our theory. Managerial Summary Firms can and do reduce competition and increase performance by appointing the friends of competitors' CEOs to their boards, and search firms (headhunters) play a key role in forming and maintaining these “board‐friendship” ties to competitors. While board interlock ties between close competitors are illegal and direct friendship ties between CEOs of competitors are relatively rare, board‐friendship ties are common, and yet largely unknown to antitrust regulators and external stakeholders.
Do you know TAFRO

In this issue of Blood, van Rhee et al report an evidence and opinion–based framework for treatment of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (CD), including consideration of how to assess therapeutic response and the pitfalls found in complex situations.1
Impact of Surface Reflectance on Spectral Optimization for Melanopic Illuminance and Energy Efficiency

Although surfaces impact melanopic response, they are not considered in optimization studies. Calculations with iteratively-generated narrowband LED combinations show that reflectance in short wavelengths has a large impact on melanopic illuminance.
The U.K. Online Harms White Paper and the Internet’s Cable-ized Future

In April 2019, the U.K. released a white paper about Online Harms. The White Paper proposes to take Internet censorship to a new height, essentially unmatched by any other Western democracy. It’s a sign of how comprehensive censorship has moved beyond repressive regimes to become trendy even in leading republican democracies. To redress a wide range of anti-social online activity, the White Paper seeks to tightly circumscribe user-generated content — so tightly that only a small number Internet giants will be able to profitably publish user-generated content. Other Internet publishers will be pushed towards licensing professional content and cover those costs by charging subscriber fees to consumers. Thus, the White Paper will produce a reconfigured Internet 3.0 that will resemble the cable TV industry, not the current Internet we know and love. This essay addresses three main points. It first deconstructs the some of the “facts” the White Paper uses to justify its censorious ideas. Then it highlights some of the proposals’ worst policy aspects. The essay concludes by explaining how the White Paper will reshape the Internet and kill off most user-generated content.
My Money and Me: Attaining Financial Independence in Emerging Adulthood Through a Conceptual Model of Identity Capital Theory

Emerging adulthood is a period of time from the late teens through late twenties, when individuals are facing major life transitions and decisions, with significant focus on becoming independent. This push for independence includes financial independence, a key characteristic of adulthood. The current article utilizes identity capital theory to guide and help explain the processes of obtaining financial independence in emerging adulthood. In contrast to older generations, current emerging adults are postponing many major life decisions considered to be adult behaviors, such as starting a career, getting married, and having children, which, in turn, ultimately extends the period of adult identity formation through independence, namely financial independence. Due to the importance of becoming financially independent, research should focus on examining the processes emerging adults take in gaining a sense of financial well-being and independence, and how clinicians can aid in this process. This conceptual model was created in the interest of identifying implications for therapy and identifying the mechanisms to promote independence in identify formation within an inclusive therapeutic practice.
Application of Neural Network Based Knowledge Graph in Vertical Industry

Knowledge graph was mentioned first by Google, now is used to refer to a wide variety of large-scale knowledge bases, in both general areas and vertical industry areas. Techniques such as knowledge fusion, knowledge extraction, knowledge reasoning and knowledge expression are key techniques in knowledge graph which need to be researched urgently. Neural network technologies have achieved hugely these years, the technique has been readily applied to a variety of practical engineering problems such as pattern recognition, signal processing and control systems. In this work, we represent how to implement the neural network technique to knowledge reasoning technology, to achieve the completion of knowledge base, to predict hidden relationships among entities through reasoning inside a specific knowledge base. We also show the possibility of knowledge graph applied to one vertical industry, namely the electrified power grid industry. This paper shows that knowledge graph can apply to the whole power processing procedures, such as electric power producing, operating and marketing procession, and electric power equipment operation and maintenance, as well as customer service.
Palladium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition via Twofold 1,3-C(sp3)–H Activation

Cycloaddition reactions provide an expeditious route to construct ring systems in a highly convergent and stereoselective manner. For a typical cycloaddition reaction to occur, however, the installation of multiple reactive functional groups (π-bonds, leaving group, etc.) is required within the substrates, compromising the overall efficiency or scope of the cycloaddition reaction. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] reaction that utilizes twofold C(sp3)-H activation to generate the three-carbon unit for formal cycloaddition. The initial β-C(sp3)-H activation of aliphatic amide, followed by maleimide insertion, triggers a relayed, second C(sp3)-H activation to complete a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition. The key to success was the use of weakly coordinating amide as the directing group, as previous studies have shown that Heck or alkylation pathways are preferred when stronger-coordinating directing groups are used with maleimide coupling partners. To promote the amide-directed C(sp3)-H activation step, the use of pyridine-3-sulfonic acid ligands is crucial. This method is compatible with a wide range of amide substrates, including lactams, which lead to spiro-bicyclic products. The [3 + 2] product is also shown to undergo a reductive desymmetrization process to access chiral cyclopentane bearing multiple stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivity.
An Afterword and a Word Before: “Strategic Presentism” as Heritage Improved

The Afterword contextualizes Postcolonial Screen Adaptation within the recent turn toward “strategic presentism” in Victorian studies, exemplified by a scholarly collective interested in the implications of studying the nineteenth century and its afterlives in the twenty-first century. Kao argues that this volume exemplifies both strategic ends of strategic presentism by challenging existing literary historical periodizations (Romantic, Victorian, Modern, Postmodern, Contemporary), and offering a reason for the survival of Victorian studies into the future as a discipline that helps to explain why the past continues to matter in the present. Kao shows how this project also brings Victorian studies into conversation with adaptation, heritage criticism, and postcolonial studies, and acts as a “before-word” to many more projects that will explore why the canonical British novel continues to exert its hold on readers and viewers.
Overconfidence in social cognitive decision making: Correlations with social cognitive and neurocognitive performance in participants with schizophrenia and healthy individuals

It has been reported that people with schizophrenia are frequently overconfident relative to their performance, a trait observed in healthy individuals as well. In schizophrenia, impaired self-assessments have been found to be associated with functional impairments in various domains. Previous studies examining the correlation of overconfidence and task performance within domains (e.g., social cognition) had found overconfidence was associated with particularly poor performance. This study examines how overconfidence on a social cognitive emotion recognition task is correlated with performance on other social cognitive tests, measures of neurocognition, and intelligence. The sample includes 154 healthy controls and 218 outpatient individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. For the healthy controls, overconfidence was a significant predictor of poorer performance on social cognitive, but not neurocognitive tasks. For the participants with schizophrenia, overconfidence was a predictor of poorer performance on every performance-based task. In addition, overconfidence in healthy controls was more strongly correlated with intelligence than it was in participants with schizophrenia. The data suggest that a bias toward overestimation of performance aligns with poorer performance social cognitive domains, as well as neurocognitive domains in participants with schizophrenia. In healthy individuals, consistent with previous results, lower general intelligence seems to be a substantial predictor of overconfidence. These data suggest that attention to the accuracy of self-assessment is an area for future clinical interventions in people with schizophrenia.
Aligning Climate Change and Sustainable Development Goals With an Innovation Systems Roadmap for Renewable Power

Energy development improves quality of life for humans, but also incurs environmental consequences. Thus, a global energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy may mitigate climate change but may also undermine the capacity to achieve some or all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, we use an innovation systems approach to construct a comprehensive roadmap for solar and wind energy to anticipate and improve impacts of a transition to a low carbon future in a manner ensuring climate goals and SDGs are mutually reinforcing. Our multidisciplinary approach began with an assessment of public investments in renewable energy followed by a two-day research prioritization workshop. Approximately 60 expert workshop participants identified six research themes that proactively address the environmental sustainability of renewable energy. Next, we identified linkages between the six research themes and all 17 SDGs. Finally, we conducted a scientiometric analysis to analyze the research maturity of these themes. The results of these efforts elucidated the limits of existing knowledge of renewable energy-SDG interactions, informing the development of a research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RD3) roadmap to a renewable energy future aligned with both climate goals and SDGs. The RD3 roadmap has been designed to systematically develop solutions for diverse actors and organizations. Overall, our findings confer a broad vision for a sustainable transition to renewables to minimize unintended environmental consequences and supporting interoperability among actors particularly poised to influence its magnitude and direction.
Weak immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 near blisters in Hailey-Hailey disease.

Background Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an uncommon hereditary and benign skin condition characterized by blisters and erosions on intertriginous areas. It is related to a mutation of the ATP2C1 gene, which encodes a Ca2+ pump. It is characterized by multiple foci of skin acantholysis in the epidermis, with dyskeratosis and suprabasilar clefting. Galectin-3 is a beta galactoside binding protein that has an essential role in cell to cell and cell to matrix adhesion. We assessed galectin-3 immunohistochemical expression in HHD to explore its impact on the pathogenesis of this hereditary blistering disorder. Method In a retrospective study, 11 specimens from 7 patients diagnosed with HHD were stained with antibodies to galectin-3. We evaluated the nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of galectin-3, as well as the staining intensity around blisters and distant normal skin. Results We observed a significant decrease in cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of galectin-3 as well as stain intensity around blisters compared to distant normal skin. Conclusions While the acantholysis process in HHD is related to abnormality in cadherin expression caused by altered Ca2+ pump concentration, lower expression of galectin-3 may cause the extension of blisters by initiating cell to cell disassembly in the epidermis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
New approaches to distinguish shale-sourced and coal-sourced gases in petroleum systems

Abstract Current approaches relating thermogenic gases to either shale source rocks (predominantly type II kerogen) or coal source rocks (predominantly type III kerogen) are not reliable and not globally applicable. This is because these mostly empirical approaches were developed using small poorly-constrained datasets from limited locations. The evaluation of a large global dataset of molecular and isotopic properties of gases from unconventional shale and coal reservoirs suggests that two genetic diagrams based on stable carbon isotopes of methane and ethane, δ13C-C2H6 versus δ13C-CH4 and δ13C-CH4 versus Δ(δ13C-C2H6 – δ13C-CH4), provide the best separation of shale-sourced and coal-sourced gases. Newly designated genetic fields and shale/coal separation lines on these diagrams were tested and validated using data from five petroleum systems with, likely, only shale (class B and A organofacies) source rocks (the Maracaibo Basin in Venezuela, the Guajira Basin in Colombia and the Rub Al Khali Basin in Iran) and only coal (class F organofacies) source rocks (the Southern Permian Basin in Germany and the Sichuan Basin in China). The practical usefulness of this new approach to gas-source correlations was demonstrated in two case studies from petroleum systems with debated source rock organofacies (the Mozambique Basin in Mozambique and the Indus Basin in Pakistan). These better constrained and more reliable diagrams with genetic fields and shale/coal separation lines represent a new tool for the evaluation of petroleum systems.
Clinical, Virologic and Immunologic Correlates of Breast Milk Acquired Infections in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Setting

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections acquired by very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants are incompletely characterized. To examine CMV transmission in VLBW infants, we evaluated maternal DNAlactia, infant DNAemia, and presence of clinical disease in a blinded study in VLBW infants in our newborn intensive care unit (NICU). To examine these issues, 200 VLBW infants were enrolled in a surveillance study, with weekly breast milk and infant whole blood samples collected, as available. Virologic (breast milk and infant whole blood real time PCR) and immunologic (IgG, IgM, and IgG avidity) correlates were evaluated. A chart review examined whether infants had symptoms compatible with CMV disease. DNAlactia was identified in 65/150 (43%) of lactating mothers. Nine CMV infections were identified in 9/75 CMV-exposed infants (12% of exposed infants). A higher median breast milk viral load (DNAlactia) correlated with an increased likelihood of DNAemia (p = 0.05). Despite potential symptoms compatible with CMV infection, clinicians had not considered the diagnosis of CMV in 6/9 cases (66%). All of these infants had chronic lung disease at discharge. There was no correlation between IgG antibody titer or IgG avidity index and the likelihood of transmission or CMV disease. In conclusion, in VLBW infants receiving milk from seropositive mothers, CMV infections are commonly acquired, and are frequently unrecognized. Future studies are needed to determine whether routine surveillance for CMV of either breast milk or infant plasma is beneficial in preventing or recognizing infection.
Systemic soluble Programmed Death-Ligand 1 levels in sarcoidosis subjects does not vary with disease progression

Interaction of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) is well studied in the field of fibrotic lung diseases, supporting its use as a biomarker of progression of interstitial lung disease. Anti PD-L1 therapy has shown effectiveness in improvement of many malignancies and murine models of autoimmune fibrotic lung diseases. Higher PD-1 expression on T cells and PD-L1 expression on human lung fibroblasts are known to contribute towards severity in sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), respectively. The focus of this investigation was to determine if soluble form of PD-L1 (sPD-L1) serves as predictive biomarker of disease severity in interstitial lung disease (ILD), such as scleroderma, sarcoidosis and IPF. Comparison of local environments, such as bronchoalveolar lavage, revealed significantly higher sPD-L1 levels compared to systemic environments, such as peripheral blood (p=0.001, paired two-tailed Student’s t test). Investigation of serum samples of healthy control, IPF, scleroderma and sarcoidosis patients reveal significantly higher levels in sarcoidosis and IPF patients, compared to patients with scleroderma (p=0.001; p=0.02, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s respectively). Comparison of serum levels between sarcoidosis patients and healthy controls revealed no significant differences (p=0.09, unpaired two-tailed t test). In addition, comparison of physiologic parameters, such as percent predicated Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and sPD-L1 levels in sarcoidosis and IPF patients revealed no correlation. These observations suggest that sPD-L1 will not serve as a biomarker of sarcoidosis disease severity. Additional investigation of sPD-L1 in local environments is warranted.
Understanding the Error in Psychopathology: Notable Intraindividual Differences in Neural Variability of Performance Monitoring.

Abstract Background Abnormal performance monitoring is a possible transdiagnostic marker of psychopathology. Research on neural indices of performance monitoring, including the error-related negativity (ERN), typically examines group and interindividual (between-person) differences in mean/average scores. Intraindividual (within-person) variability in activity captures the capacity to dynamically adjust from moment to moment, and excessive variability appears maladaptive. Intraindividual variability in ERN represents a unique and largely unexamined dimension that might impact functioning. We tested whether psychopathology group differences (major depressive disorder [MDD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]) or corresponding psychiatric symptoms account for intraindividual variability in single-trial ERN scores. Methods High-density electroencephalogram (Electrical Geodesics, Inc.) was recorded during a semantic flanker task in 51 participants with MDD, 44 participants with GAD, 31 participants with OCD, and 56 psychiatrically-healthy participants. Mean ERN amplitude was scored 0-125ms following participant response across four fronto-central sites. Multilevel location-scale models were used to simultaneously examine interindividual and intraindividual differences in ERN. Results Analyses indicated considerable intraindividual variability in ERN that was common across groups. However, we did not find strong evidence to support relationships between ERN and psychopathology groups or transdiagnostic symptoms. Conclusions These findings point to important methodological implications for studies of performance monitoring in healthy and clinical populations—the common assumption of fixed intraindividual variability (i.e., residual variance) may be inappropriate for ERN studies. Implementation of multilevel location-scale models in future research can leverage between-person differences in intraindividual variability in performance monitoring to gain a rich understanding of trial-to-trial performance monitoring dynamics.
Clues to the Diagnosis of Skin Lesions in the Immunocompromised Host

When the skin is involved by an infection in the immunocompromised host, the astute clinician must immediately use all available clues to find its cause.
Changing the Logic of Appropriateness: The Emergence of the International Norm of Truth Commissions

How do international norms emerge? An overlooked yet important mechanism for norm emergence is the changes in the ideational content, or the logic of appropriateness of the norm. The “logic of appropriateness” reflects the assessment of why a specific practice is positive and what or for whom is it good for. There are at least three ways that the content change affects the norm emergence. First, the content change is likely to elevate the normative status of the practice; thereby, attaching positive moral values to the practice and/or to the actors who adopt this practice. Second, the content change may broaden the range of goals – both moral and practical – expected to be attained by adopting the norm. Finally, the content change will distinguish a practice from other similar or alternative practice. Combined, these changes make the ideas and practices associated with the norm congruent with more settings, contexts, and states and are likely to make the norm more persuasive. To test these propositions I analyze the growing worldwide proliferation of truth and reconciliation commissions. While the first truth commissions were established in Latin America during the 1980s, it was the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC, 1995) that introduced new ideas about the goals of the truth-seeking process. In particular, leader of the TRC framed the positive link between truth-seeking and democratization, reconciliation, and national healing. As a result, the eminence of truth and reconciliation commissions shifted from being merely a weaker compromising alternative for judicial justice to becoming an “indispensable” process for transitional and post-conflict societies.