cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract PR14: Automatic identification of cell niches and immune interactions important for clinical outcomes using multiparameter imaging and deep neural networks

Multiparameter cytometry, for example with CyTOF, has enabled the interrogation of immune phenotypes in unprecedented detail in many clinical contexts. But cytometry is incapable of answering a question of critical importance to many tissue context studies, and especially understanding how local interactions between tumor cells and immune cells correlate to clinical outcomes. This becomes especially relevant to understanding the subtleties of how different immunotherapeutic approaches operate in vivo. We recently developed a multiparameter immunofluorescence technique, termed CODEX, which allows the capture of spatial information for protein and RNA expression in tissue sections. This spatial information enables us to establish not only cell-types according to traditional phenotypic surface marker expression, but also to potentially surmise specific tissue states driving clinical responses. To make sense of the high-dimensional data afforded by CODEX, we apply here state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs). These networks, which have achieved superhuman classification accuracy in many diverse domains, automatically identify cells, cell niches and regions (at multiple scales) that are capable of distinguishing healthy and diseased samples. This is done in an unbiased way, with only ‘healthy’ vs. ‘disease’ labels as additional input alongside the imaging data. We first train DNNs to successfully classify multiparameter tissue images from independent replicates across conditions. Having achieved a high accuracy of classification, we set the network output to highlight cells and regions deemed to be most relevant to classify each condition. Applying this methodology to healthy and mrl (lupus) spleens stained for 30 markers, our neural network is able to successfully identify a not previously observed enrichment of cell confluences (niches) consisting of CD8 T-cells and conventional dendritic cells enriched in MRL samples, as well as other novel niches completely unpredicted by prior knowledge. Our DNN enables the systematic and unbiased discovery of specific immune interactions in any tissue type. Applying our technique to the analysis of samples from immunotherapy recipients could enable the discovery of key factors in the tumor microenvironment that distinguish positive responders as well as the subsequent identification of targets for perturbation. Citation Format: Salil S. Bhate, Nikolay Samusik, Yury Goltsev, Garry P. Nolan. Automatic identification of cell niches and immune interactions important for clinical outcomes using multiparameter imaging and deep neural networks [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR14.
The Arab Tempest

The chapter exposes the dialectics of the Arab Spring, turning quickly into a violent Arab Tempest. The failure of Arab nationalism and the diabolic struggle with its Islamic antipode, as well as root causes of Middle East instability identified in a ground-breaking UN Human Development Report (2002), are discussed. The regional turmoil began to overshadow the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and, in particular, the aftermath of the Tahrir Square revolution in Egypt impacted heavily on the situation in Gaza. A preliminary analysis is offered of the implications of these ongoing events for both Israelis and Palestinians.
Does where you shop or who you are predict what you eat?: The role of stores and individual characteristics in dietary intake

Interventions to address diet, a modifiable risk factor for diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, have increasingly emphasized the influence of the physical environment on diet, while more traditional approaches have focused on individual characteristics. We examined environmental and individual influences on diet to understand the role of both. Household interviews were conducted in 2011 with 1372 individuals randomly selected from two low-income, predominantly African American neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants reported their sociodemographic characteristics, food shopping behavior, and dietary intake. Both food shopping frequency at different types of food stores and sociodemographic characteristics showed significant associations with diet in adjusted regression models. More frequent shopping at convenience and neighborhood stores and being younger, male, without a college degree, and receiving SNAP benefits were associated with greater intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), added sugars, and discretionary fats. Being older, male, and having a college degree were associated with greater intake of fruits and vegetables. However, while food shopping behavior and sociodemographic characteristics accounted for similar amounts of nonoverlapping variance in fruit and vegetable intake, food shopping behavior accounted for much less variance, and little unique variance, in SSBs, added sugars, and discretionary fats in models with sociodemographic characteristics. The current study reinforces the need for policies and interventions at both the environmental and individual levels to improve diet in food desert residents. Individual interventions to address food choices associated with certain sociodemographic characteristics might be particularly important for curbing intake of SSBs, added sugars, and discretionary fats.
Effects of Stretch and Preferential Diffusion in Laminar Syngas Premixed Flames

AbstractSyngas is considered a promising renewable fuel because of its superior emission characteristics and high flexibility with respect to its production and utilization. However, its compositio...
Classification of thread profiles for scaling application behavior

Abstract Exascale applications will exploit a massive amount of parallelism. The analysis of computation and communication requirements at thread-level provides important insight into the application behavior useful to optimize the design of the exascale architecture. Performing such an analysis is challenging because the exascale system is not available yet. The target applications can be profiled only on existing machines, processing a significantly smaller amount of data and exploiting significantly less parallelism. To tackle this problem we propose a methodology that couples a) unsupervised machine-learning techniques to consistently classify threads in different program runs, and b) extrapolation techniques to learn how thread classes behave at scale. The main contribution of this work is the classification methodology that assigns a class to each thread observed during a set of experimental runs carried out by varying the parallelism and the processed data size. Based on this classification we generate extrapolation models per thread class to predict the profile at a scale significantly larger than the initial experiments. The availability of per-thread-class extrapolation models simplifies the analysis of exascale systems because we manage a small number of thread classes rather than a huge number of individual threads. We apply the methodology to different computing domains including: large-scale graph analytics, fluid dynamics, and radio astronomy. The proposed approach accurately classifies threads, whereas state-of-the-art techniques fail. The resulting extrapolation models have prediction errors of less than 10% for a real-life radio-astronomy case study.
Stock Options and Compensation

This note is a brief introduction to the logic and practice of using stock options to compensate executives. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is used to estimate the value of option grants for a company. The note affords the opportunity to apply options valuation in the context of executive compensation, and serves as a companion to introductions to options that expose the reader to the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. A spreadsheet is available for student preparation of the case. Excerpt UVA-F-1521 Rev. Aug. 5, 2015 Stock Options and Compensation One of the major forms of executive compensation has been stock options. Use of stock options has been promoted as a way to help align incentives for shareholders and managers. That alignment is accomplished by linking executive compensation to performance for shareholders, which, in this instance, is reflected in the value of the company's stock. An alternative way to help align incentives is to give managers shares of company stock. Some firms do this, giving managers shares of stock with restrictions on managers' ability to sell the shares. A criticism of this approach is that it is not sufficiently forward-looking. Because the share price reflects the value of assets in place plus the value of future growth, when the manager gets shares, he or she receives the value of past decisions, and future price changes have only a marginal impact on the value of the shares. Moreover, with an option that gives the manager the right in the future to purchase stock at today's price, the manager gains only if the stock price increases over the current price. Generally, stock-option plans take three forms. A fixed-value plan gives a manager some fixed proportion of salary in the form of options. An example would be an executive whose salary is $ 500,000 and who is given a grant of options equal in value to half of the salary each year. A fixed number plan gives a manager a fixed number of options each year. For example, the plan might award the manager 5,000 at-the-money call options each year. Finally, there is the megagrant. Here, the executive receives a large grant of options this year and then none in the future. In all these forms, the intent is to align management incentives with those of shareholders. . . .
Multi-view stereo in the operating room allows prediction of healing complications in a patient-specific model of reconstructive surgery

Excessive mechanical stress leads to wound healing complications following reconstructive surgery. However, this knowledge is not easily applicable in clinical scenarios due to the difficulty in measuring stress contours during complex tissue rearrangement procedures. Computational tools have been proposed as an alternative to address this need, but obtaining patient specific geometries with an affordable and flexible setup has remained a challenge. Here we present a methodology to determine the stress contours from a reconstructive procedure on a patient-specific finite element model based on multi-view stereo (MVS). MVS is a noninvasive technology that allows reconstruction of 3D geometries using a standard digital camera, making it ideal for the operating room. Finite element analysis can then be used on the patient-specific geometry to perform a virtual surgery and predict regions at risk of complications. We applied our approach to the case of a 7-year-old patient who was treated to correct a cranial contour deformity and resect two large areas of scalp scarring. The simulation showed several zones of high stress, particularly near the suture lines at the distal ends of the flaps. The patient did show delayed healing and partial flap tip necrosis at one of such predicted regions at the 30-day follow up visit. Our results further establish the application of computational tools in individualized medical scenarios to advance preoperative planing and anticipate regions of concern immediately after surgery.
Why Evolutionary Robotics Will Matter

While at present Evolutionary Robotics (ER) is generally not studied in mainstream robotics, the main idea in this article is that ER has the opportunity to gain relevance by taking seriously its natural inspiration. The chasm that separates the behavior of robots today from the robustness and fluidity of organisms in nature is most naturally addressed by an approach that indeed respects the process through which such organisms originated. Yet the challenge is to identify the elusive missing ingredient that would allow ER to realize its full potential.
Enzymes and Metabolites of Carbohydrate Metabolism

This chapter deals with the assays used for the diagnosis of three groups of inborn errors of metabolism of carbohydrates, i.e.:
Liminal Phases of Avatar Identity Formation in Virtual World Communities

This chapter examines the early phases of entrance into virtual worlds as a “newbie” avatar within the framework of van Gennep and Turner’s liminal phases of neophyte initiation rituals. This analysis of the avatar in liminal states examines how, even in seemingly anarchistic virtual worlds such as Second LifeTM, social norms and sanctions emerge to influence avatar identity formation and persistence. Observations on avatar identity development in liminal phases are drawn from the author’s research studies of avatars becoming initiated into dragonhood conducted on the Isle of Wyrms in Second Life from 2007 to 2009. Theoretical underpinnings of the chapter are illustrated using case studies highlighting key liminal phases of avatar development.
Abstract P181: Endothelial Ciliary Muscarinic Receptors and the Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Polycystic Kidney Disease

Primary endothelial cilia are mechanosensory organelles that are projected into the lumen of blood vessels. Defects in cilia assembly or function can lead to multiple human pathologies, collectively known as ciliopathies, including hypertension. Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, is implicated in essential hypertension in humans and animal models. It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelia require primary cilia to sense and transmit external mechanical stimuli into internal biochemical reactions. One of these reactions includes the biosynthesis and release of nitric oxide, which is one of the most potent endogenous vasodilators. This idea has only been investigated in cultured endothelial cells in vitro. Based on this finding, however, a very bold hypothesis is formed to test that abnormal cilia function results in vascular hypertension. Though both primary cilia and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors play important roles in vascular hypertension, their relationship has never been explored. To dete...
Differential effect of sex on pain severity and smoking behavior and processes.

Abstract Scientific evidence suggests that pain contributes to the maintenance of tobacco cigarette smoking among individuals with varying levels of pain. Yet, little is understood about factors that may moderate relations between pain severity and smoking processes. Considering that women are more likely to experience deleterious pain- and smoking-related outcomes, female smokers may be a particularly vulnerable group when considering pain in the maintenance of maladaptive smoking behavior. Thus, it is important to investigate the role of sex in pain-smoking relations. The current cross-sectional study examined sex differences in the relation between reported levels of pain and cessation-relevant smoking processes (i.e. cigarette dependence, barriers for cessation, and past cessation-related problems). Participants included 100 adult daily cigarette smokers (Mage = 32.57 years, SD = 13.58; 33% female). Results indicated that greater pain was significantly associated with greater cigarette dependence, greater perceived barriers to cessation, and greater cessation-related problems among female, but not male, smokers. The current findings identify sex as a potentially important moderator of complex associations between pain and tobacco smoking and suggests that women may constitute a group that is especially vulnerable to the effects of pain in the maintenance of tobacco dependence. Based on the present data, integrated pain-smoking treatments may be especially useful for female, versus male, smokers.
Live cell monitoring for factors affecting genome variation

Cancer cells and pluripotent stem cells frequently exhibit gains or losses of entire chromosomes and chromosome segments, and the typical terminal analyses of genomes suggest this aneuploidy is ongoing and particularly variable in solid tumors. Here, we quantify aneuploidy-inducing perturbations by live cell fluorescence monitoring for changes in chromosome-5 in a lung cancer line and in normal diploid iPS cells. Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and knockdown of DNA repair factors cause chromosome mis-segregation to increase several-fold above a low baseline level, and both perturbations also generate several-fold more rare fluorescent-null cells. Loss of chromosome-5 is confirmed by single cell karyotyping, SNP arrays on stable isolated clones, and downregulated expression of genes on chromosome-5 in single cell transcriptomics. The iPS cells also show loss of fluorescence in infrequent cells after SAC inhibition and upon growth as teratomas in mice. Viability, selection, and altered expression can thus be tracked to reveal molecular mechanisms in aneuploidy.
Baudelaire and Romanticism

Baudelaire's adolescence was a time of triumphant Romanticism in France, but by the time he reached his 20s the great Romantics had fallen silent and his celebrations of Romanticism as the most con...
Investigation of an abortion epidemic due to Neospora caninum in a beef herd on pasture

An outbreak of epidemic abortion in a commercial cow-calf herd was investigated. Within 3 weeks of the index cases, 69 reproductive abnormalities were recorded consisting of abortions, stillbirths, and premature calves born alive but dying within 24 hours. By the conclusion of the calving season, 85 abnormal reproductive outcomes were reported out of 154 cows at risk. The epidemiologic pattern of abortion highly suggested a point-source exposure. Results of diagnostic tests implicated Neospora caninum as the causative agent of abortion. Eleven aborted fetuses were submitted for diagnostic evaluation, and all had lesions consistent with protozoal abortion. The diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction assays and immunohistochemical tests performed on brain tissue from 2 aborted fetuses. Once the diagnosis was made, no treatment options were available. Serologic testing was performed to determine the seroprevalence in the herd and the statistical correlation of a positive serum test to an abnormal reproductive outcome. Control measures were instituted to decrease the presence of the organism in the herd and the risk of horizontal and vertical transmission of the organism. Clinically, N. caninum is widely recognized as an important infectious cause of reproductive loss in cattle, and vertical transmission of the protozoan from infected dams to their progeny is considered the major mode of infection and maintenance of the parasite within the population. However, the consequence of a point-source exposure and horizontal transmission in a susceptible population at or near the same vulnerable stage of gestation can be an abortion epidemic, as evidenced by this outbreak.
Pig-to-Macaque Islet Xenotransplantation

The advancement toward a clinical application for porcine islets to cure diabetes in humans must include reproducible long-term successes in non-human primate (NHP) models. Many dedicated researchers around the world are continuing to work toward this goal. In this chapter, we describe procedures for islet isolation of pancreatic islets from adult and neonatal/fetal pigs. We further include procedures for the induction of diabetes in non-human primates and subsequent insulin therapy, islet transplantation, immunosuppression, and also the daily maintenance of xenotransplanted NHPs. The procedures that we outline in this chapter are ones that we have successfully utilized in pig-to-NHP islet transplantation models. However, where appropriate, alternative methods will also be identified.
Sensory awareness exercises for the visually handicapped.

A set of six sensory awareness exercises lasting 30-90 minutes are described that help visually handicapped individuals appreciate and become more aware of their other senses, thus building confide...
The Curious Case of Black Conservatives: Construct Validity and the 7-point Liberal-Conservative Scale

Scholars have long puzzled over the existence of conservative-identifying black Americans who nonetheless identify with and vote for the Democratic Party. This paper resolves this paradox. Leveraging data from the American National Election Study, I demonstrate that the terms “liberal” and “conservative” are unfamiliar to many black Americans, rendering the commonly used 7-point liberal-conservative measure of ideology invalid for this population. Black respondents unfamiliar with these terms misapply them and choose ideological labels that fail to reflect their partisan preferences. Consequently, scholars and political actors make incorrect and imprecise inferences about the contours of black politics in the United States. Moreover, this article raises new concerns about the generalizability of claims that rely on ideological self-identification measures, including popular claims about polarization among the mass public. This work also suggests a need for caution when using concepts that vary in their meaningfulness across social groups.
Mortgage discrimination and breast cancer survival among older women in the United States.

e13615Background: Although racism and racial residential segregation are widely considered to contribute to health disparities, including in breast cancer, studies examining the impact of mortgage ...
Maternal supplement type and methionine hydroxy analogue fortification effects on performance of BOS indicus-influenced beef cows and their offspring

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of different maternal supplement type and supplement fortification with methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) on pre- and postpartum physiological responses of Bos indicus-influenced beef cows and preweaning growth of their calves. On d 0, 160 multiparous Brangus beef cows were stratified by body weight and body condition score (BCS) and randomly allocated into 1 of 16 bahiagrass pastures (10 cows and 8 ha/pasture). Pastures were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement distributed in a complete randomized design with four replicates (4 pastures/treatment). Treatments consisted of (dry matter basis): 0.35 kg/cow/wk of trace mineral and vitamin supplement (MIN) or MIN mixed into 7.5 kg/cow/wk of sugarcane molasses-based supplement (MOL), with or without MHA fortification (105 g/cow/wk; MFP, Novus International Inc., Romance, AR), and were provided from d 0 to 70 (47 ± 2.7 d prepartum until 23 ± 2.7 d postpartum). The respective weekly supplement amount assigned to each treatment was divided by 2 and offered every Monday and Thursday. On d 70, all cow-calf pairs were combined into 1 of 8 groups and managed similarly until calf weaning on d 295. Cows were exposed to natural breeding from d 104 to 189. Effects of supplement type × methionine fortification were not detected for any variable analyzed in the study, except for supplement disappearance, which was reduced at greater magnitude when MHA was added into MIN vs. MOL supplements. Plasma concentrations of glucose increased on d 70 whereas plasma non-esterified fatty acids decreased on d 70 for MOL vs. MIN cows. Cows offered MOL supplementation maintained BCS from d 0 to 70, whereas MIN cows lost BCS from d 0 to 70, leading to greater BCS at the start of the breeding season for MOL vs. MIN cows. Reproductive performance did not differ between MOL and MIN cows, except for calving date which occurred 8 d sooner for MOL vs. MIN cows. Pre-weaning calf body weight increased for calves born from MOL vs. MIN cows. Except for plasma glucose concentrations on d 70, supplement fortification with MHA did not impact any cow and calf variables analyzed herein, regardless of supplement type. Therefore, pre- and post-partum maternal supplementation of energy and protein, but not methionine hydroxy analogue, enhanced maternal physiological response and BCS at calving and start of the breeding season, and offspring pre-weaning growth compared to no energy and protein supplementation.
Auxiliary Space Preconditioners for Linear Virtual Element Method

In this paper, we present the auxiliary space preconditioning techniques for solving the linear system arising from linear virtual element method (VEM) discretizations on polytopal meshes of second order elliptic problems in both 2D and 3D domains.
A Research Agenda for Women and Entrepreneurship: Identity through Aspirations, Behaviors, and Confidence by Patricia G. Greene and Candida G. Brush

Greene, P. G. & Brush, C. G. (2018). A research agenda for women and entrepreneurship: Identity through aspirations, behaviors, and confidence. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. $35.79 (Paperback), ISBN 978- 1785365362.
Sequential Joint Shape and Pose Estimation of Vehicles with Application to Automatic Amodal Segmentation Labeling.

Shape and pose estimation is a critical perception problem for a self-driving car to fully understand its surrounding environment. One fundamental challenge in solving this problem is the incomplete sensor signal (e.g., LiDAR scans), especially for faraway or occluded objects. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to address this challenge, we explicitly leverage the sensor signal captured over consecutive time: the consecutive signals can provide more information of an object, including different viewpoints and its motion. By encoding the consecutive signal via a recurrent neural network, our algorithm not only improves shape and pose estimation, but also produces a labeling tool that can benefit other tasks in autonomous driving research. Specifically, building upon our algorithm, we propose a novel pipeline to automatically annotate high-quality labels for amodal segmentation on images, which are hard and laborious to annotate manually. Our code and data will be made publicly available.
GeoDataLinks: A Suggestion for a Replacement for the ESRI Shapefile

The ESRI Shapefile system of geographical information storage was essential to the development of GIS near the end of the previous millennium. However, Shapefile is now frustrating to many professionals who use GIS because the simple array-based data structures used in Shapefile lack the organizational and expressive powers of modern object-oriented programming technology. Alternatives to Shapefile have been proposed. However, even the best of those extant proposed alternatives are based on older technologies such as the Relational database system. In this paper, a new system of geographical information data storage is proposed that is superior to Shapefile as well as the best extant Shapefile alternatives in various important ways such as superior data organization and the ability to securely and naturally express more complex relationships among geographic entities. The new geographical data storage system, called GeoDataLinks, that is presented here is based on the author’s Intentionally-Linked Entities (ILE) database system.
Global Boundary Stabilization of 2D Poiseuille Flow

In this article we address the problem of boundary control of a viscous incompressible fluid flow in a 2D channel. Many advances have been made on this topic by Bewley and coworkers [4], Speyer and coworkers [8, 20, 21], and others employing linear optimal control techniques in the CFD setting. Much progress has also been made on the topic of controllability of Navier-Stokes equations, a prerequisite to stabilization and optimal control problems.
Predicting a Business Star in Yelp from Its Reviews Text Alone.

Yelp online reviews are invaluable source of information for users to choose where to visit or what to eat among numerous available options. But due to overwhelming number of reviews, it is almost impossible for users to go through all reviews and find the information they are looking for. To provide a business overview, one solution is to give the business a 1-5 star(s). This rating can be subjective and biased toward users personality. In this paper, we predict a business rating based on user-generated reviews texts alone. This not only provides an overview of plentiful long review texts but also cancels out subjectivity. Selecting the restaurant category from Yelp Dataset Challenge, we use a combination of three feature generation methods as well as four machine learning models to find the best prediction result. Our approach is to create bag of words from the top frequent words in all raw text reviews, or top frequent words/adjectives from results of Part-of-Speech analysis. Our results show Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.6 for the combination of Linear Regression with either of the top frequent words from raw data or top frequent adjectives after Part-of-Speech (POS).
Modification of enzymic activity. 3. Effect of salts and organic additives on horseradish peroxidase.

Abstract Conflicting reports, ranging from inhibition to activation, have appeared in the literature regarding the effect of salts on the activity of horseradish peroxidase (donor: H 2 O 2 oxidoreductase; E.C. 1.11.1.7) and other peroxidases. As shown in this report, whether one observes activation or inhibition by changes in ionic strength depends on several factors such as the nature and concentration of the salt, hydrogen ion concentration, and guaiacol concentration. The greater the concentration of guaiacol the smaller the activation by salts; eventually an inhibition by salts is observed at high concentrations of guaiacol, particularly below pH 6. The effect of salts on activity is much less dependent ou the hydrogen peroxide concentration. The results are interpreted in terms of ionic strength effects in decreasing the rate of formation of Compound I and increasing the rate of regeneration of the enzyme from Compound II. Alcohols inhibit horseradish peroxidase activity noncompetitively. There is a linear relationship between the effect of alcohols on the dielectric constant of water and their effect on peroxidase activity. Urea and thiourea, because of specific effects, appear to act as strong inhibitors, while glycine has no effect on activity.
Comparison of 2 Carmustine-Containing Regimens in the Rituximab Era: Excellent Outcomes Even in Poor-Risk Patients

Abstract High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) improves outcomes in relapsed lymphoma, but the relative efficacy of different preparative regimens is not well defined. We included patients undergoing autologous HCT using BEAM (carmustine, 300 mg/m2, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) or BEP (carmustine 600 mg/m2, etoposide, and cisplatin) between January 2004 and December 2013; 65 patients received BEP and 64 patients BEAM. Both cohorts were similar for advanced-stage disease, extranodal and bulky disease, and prior therapies. Median neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 10 and 20 days for both regimens, respectively. Febrile neutropenia, serum creatinine concentration increase, and electrolyte abnormalities were more frequent with BEP. Incidence of carmustine pneumonitis was not higher with BEP, likely the result of corticosteroid prophylaxis, although 2 cases of fatal pneumonitis were observed after BEP. One-year nonrelapse mortality was 6.8% after BEP and 0% after BEAM (P = .379). After a median follow-up of 39.4 months (range, 1 to 128), 4-year rates of overall survival (OS) after BEP and BEAM were 80.4% and 72.3%, respectively (P = .611). Diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients transplanted after early relapse post-rituximab-based first-line therapy presented 3-year rates of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) of 73.8% and 65%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the OS and PFS of follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or Hodgkin lymphoma. BEP is a valid alternative to BEAM in autologous HCT. Although associated with more renal and electrolytic toxicities, BEP results in similar disease control and long-term survival as BEAM. Prospective studies are needed to confirm whether intensification of conditioning regimens for autologous HCT can improve disease control in high-risk relapsed lymphoma patients.
Reclassifying success and tragedy in FLOSS projects

This paper presents the results of a replication of English & Schweik’s 2007 paper classifying FLOSS projects according to their stage of growth and indicators of success. We recreated their analysis using a comparable data set from 2006. We also expanded upon the original results by analyzing data from an additional point in time and by applying different criteria for evaluating the rate of new software releases for sustainability of project activity. We discuss the points of convergence and divergence from the original work from these extensions of the classification and their implications for studying FLOSS development using archival data. The paper contributes new analysis of operationalizing success in FLOSS projects, with discussion of implications of the findings.
Assumed strain formulation for triangular C0 plate elements based on a weak form of the Kirchhoff constraints

Application of a weak form of the Kirchhoff constraints in the formulation of triangular assumed shear strain C0 plate element is described. It is shown that, compared to a similar formulation of the quadrilateral elements, formulation of the triangles requires some additional considerations which lead to additional terms in the energy expression. With those terms performance of the assumed shear strain triangular elements is comparable to that of the quadrilateral elements.
The Impact of Social Embarrassment on Caregiving Distress in a Multicultural Sample of Caregivers

The purpose of this study was to gauge the impact of social embarrassment on caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. Two hypotheses were tested: First, social embarrassment adds a unique component of d...
Valence electron binding energies of some silicon compounds from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract X-ray photoelectron spectra in the valence electron region were obtained for gaseous SiH 4 , SiH 3 CH 3 , Si(CH 3 ) 4 , SiH 3 Cl, and SiF 4 . The experimental ionization potentials and relative peak intensities are consistent with extended Huckel theory MO calculations. The data can be rationalized without assuming substantial participation of silicon d orbitals in the bonding of these compounds.
Repository antigen injections. Absorption studies by immunologic and radioactive methods.

Abstract 1.1. Methods employed to study the degree of immediate release of ragweed pollen antigen from emulsions have consisted of the ability of emulsified and injected antigens to produce reaction in passively sensitized sites, the reaction on scratch test in allergic subjects after titration with aqueous extracts, the radioactivity of the blood and urine shortly after the injection of radioiodinated emulsion, the local reaction of the emulsion in allergic persons, and the radioactivity release from the emulsion placed in an aqueous solution. 2.2. With the emulsions studied, such immediate release varies from about 1 to 3 per cent, depending on the method used and the batch of the emulsion. 3.3. Persistence of the antigen at the site of injection has been studied in relation to the persistence of radioactivity of radioiodinated pollen extract. Traces of the radioiodination can be shown to exist for as long as four weeks with the emulsion and three weeks with the aqueous preparation. It is possible that longer persistence might be shown with our use of more potent radioactivity. 4.4. By the method of reagin neutralization, it could not be proved that antigen is released from the emulsion in active form beyond the twenty-four-hour period. It is admitted that this is not final evidence that the antigen is unavailable. 5.5. The production of delayed hypersensitivity with the emulsified antigen in nonallergic subjects is of basic and clinical significance. 6.6. Further amplification of these and other studies is needed to perfect the antigenic preparation and to understand the immune mechanisms involved.
Association of nutrition concerns and socioeconomic status with exercise habits

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between socio-economic characteristics and individual health behaviour patterns. Specifically, we looked at how individual demographics (i.e. age, gender, race, marital status, geographic location of households), socio-economic status (i.e. education, income, children in the households) and respondents’ nutrition concern were related to the major health behaviour (i.e. exercise). Telephone interviews were conducted to collect the data from 2880 US households. A Poisson regression model was estimated to analyse the factors influencing physical exercise habits of adults. Results showed that the key socio-economic variables influencing the exercise habit of US population were household income, education and family composition. The direct association of nutrition concern with exercise habits implied that health and nutrition programmes should emphasize good eating habit as well as healthy lifestyle.
The Amount of CH Produced during CH+ Synthesis in Interstellar Clouds*

A particularly useful constraint for models of CH+ formation in interstellar clouds is knowledge of the amount of CH associated with CH+ synthesis. For lines of sight with no detectable CN absorption, this column of CH can be inferred through a combined analysis of C I excitation and simplified chemical models. The approach is applied to data for two lines of sight, those toward 23 Ori and β1 Sco, for which N(CH)/N(CH+) ≤ 0.40.
Larval dispersal distance as an explanation for adult spatial pattern in two Caribbean reef corals

Abstract Larval dispersal distance is a parameter which can account for differences in adult spatial distribution between closely-related marine invertebrates. To examine its importance in relation to Caribbean reef corals, we observed the larval swimming and settlement behavior of two Caribbean coral species; one of which ( Favia fragum [Esper]) has a highly aggregated adult distribution, the other of which ( Agaricia agaricites [Linnaeus]) is less aggregated. Larvae of the highly aggregated species, when followed in situ by divers, settled rapidly (less than 10 min) and showed little discrimination among different types of substrata. Larvae of the less aggregated species swam longer and showed clear discrimination between types of substrata. Our data suggest a correspondence between larval swimming/settlement behavior and adult distribution. Such a relationship between larval behavior and adult distribution could be important in understanding the linkage between life history and adult spatial patterns in sessile marine invertebrates.
Isotope-targeted glycoproteomics (IsoTaG): a mass-independent platform for intact N- and O-glycopeptide discovery and analysis

Metabolically labeling proteins with glycans that enable attachment of an isotopically encoded tag allows for the identification of N- and O- glycopeptides and their glycan structures.
A comparison of several numerical methods for the solution of the Convection-Diffusion Equation using the method of finite spheres

In this paper we compare several numerical methods for the solution of the convection-diffusion equation using the method of finite spheres; a truly meshfree numerical technique for the solution of boundary value problems. By conducting numerical inf-sup tests on a one-dimensional model problem it is found that a higher order derivative artificial diffusion (Ho DAD) method performs the best among the schemes tested. This method is then applied to the analysis of problems in two-dimensions.
Priceless GEMMs: genetically engineered mouse models for colorectal cancer drug development

To establish effective drug development for colorectal cancer (CRC), preclinical models that are robust surrogates for human disease are crucial. Mouse models are an attractive platform because of their relatively low cost, short life span, and ease of use. There are two main categories of mouse CRC models: xenografts derived from implantation of CRC cells or tumors in immunodeficient mice; and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) derived from modification of human cancer predisposition genes, resulting in spontaneous tumor formation. Here, we review xenografts and GEMMs and focus on their potential application in translational research. Furthermore, we describe newer GEMMs for sporadic CRC that are particularly suitable for drug testing. Finally, we discuss recent advances in small-animal imaging, such as optical colonoscopy, which allow in vivo assessment of tumors. With the increasing sophistication of GEMMs, our preclinical armamentarium provides new hope for the ongoing war against CRC.
The 2011 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics presented to Nicola Cabibbo

Abstract The Franklin Institute of Philadelphia awards the 2011 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics to Nicola Cabibbo for his pioneering work in the field of elementary particle physics, with special emphasis on his role in furthering our understanding of the underlying symmetries that relate one elementary particle interaction to another. Cabibbo, who tragically died in Rome on the 16th of August, 2010, was one of the most brilliant theoretical physicists of the post-World War II period, universally known in the world of physics for his theory describing the decay by weak interactions of particles containing the quantum property known as strangeness. In more than 200 published papers, Cabibbo also made fundamental contributions to other areas of elementary particle physics, including descriptions of electron–positron scattering, the development and application of supercomputers for calculations of quark interactions, and the theory of neutrino oscillations.
Acetylcholine causes a net decrease in phosphatidylinositol and a net increase in phosphatidic acid in mouse pancreas.

Summary Stimulation of mouse pancreas in vitro with acetylcholine in concentrations of 10−5M or higher led to a net decrease in phosphatidylinositol and a net increase in phosphatidic acid. The phosphatidylinositol level fell from 1.31±0.10 to 0.93±0.08 μmoles per gram of fresh tissue; the phosphatidic acid level rose from 0.45±0.05 to 0.82±0.09 μmoles per gram of fresh tissue. When atropine was added to acetylcholine-stimulated tissue, to cause its return to the unstimulated state, these changes were reversed; the level of phosphatidic acid fell and the level of phosphatidylinositol rose. The levels of the other phosphatides which were measured did not change significantly under these conditions.
A geometric rationale for hydrogenated Pd3P1−x

Abstract Hole sizes and intersite distances are calculated for all the types of interstices in Pd 3 P 1− x H n which has the structure of cementite (Fe 3 C) and belongs to space group Pnma . In Pd 3 P 0.80 D 0.15 hole radii range from 0.87 to 0.43 A for the following interstices in descending order: 4c (phosphorus vacancies in triangular prisms); 8d(1) (distorted square pyramids); 4c(1) (distorted square pyramids); 4a (distorted octahedra); 4c(2), 8d(2) and 8d(3) (tetrahedra). A repulsive interaction between hydrogen and phosphorus atoms has been invoked in order to rationalize the observed failure of hydrogen to occupy any of these large interstices except 8d(1) which is associated with a vacant phosphorus site. Hydrogen occupation of one 8d(1) site blocks its “sister” site which is at a distance of only 0.84 A and is located symmetrically at the other side of the same vacant phosphorus site. No other 8d(1) site can block that same site, however, because of the great distance (almost 3.3 A) to the next-nearest neighbor. For this reason, a model based on blocking with no overlap can be used to express the relationship between equilibrium hydrogen pressure and hydrogen concentration for any value of x consistent with stability of the structure.
SOME DETERMINERS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNING RESEARCH IN SCHIZOPHRENIA.

Some experimental and clinical factors that have influenced the growth of research into learning processes in schizophrenic patients are described. The range of determiners extends from a historical concern with deficit functioning to more recent psychiatric observations of pathological family organization as a force for deviant social learning.
A comparative study of IC, ICP-AES, and NAA measurements on chlorine, bromine, and sodium in natural waters

A suite of shallow and deep subsurface waters from southwestern Illinois has been analyzed for chlorine (CT), bromine (Br−), and sodium (Na+) using three different methods. Cl and Br were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). Na was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AESS) and NAA. In addition, five water standards were prepared with compositions over the range of Cl, Br, and Na concentrations in the natural waters were analyzed using the same methods. Analytical results for the prepared standards by the different methods were in good agreement. However, analytical results on natural waters yielded generally poor agreement between the methods. Our results suggest that solute concentrations and ratios between major solutes in subsurface waters determined by IC and ICP-AES may involve substantial laboratory error.
Influence of tyre configuration on pavement response and predicted distress

The Federal Highway Administration conducted controlled loading tests on the U.S. Route 23 Test Road in hot weather conditions in Ohio, including two dual and two wide-base configurations. This paper is to reveal the influence of tyre configuration on pavement and provide some suggestions on tyre configuration from the perspective of reducing pavement damage. The raw strains were adjusted to common temperature, lateral offset distance and nominal speed for consistent comparison. MEPDG fatigue cracking and rutting models were used to predict damage brought by different tyres to pavement sections. The results indicate that newer generation of wide-based tyres with wider interface with pavement could be road-friendly, inducing similar or even less damage than the conventional dual tyres. At the same time, certain conventional dual tyres, which are commonly used in the current market, might cause larger damage to the pavement than other tyres in certain environmental and loading conditions.
Enzyme Deactivation in Reactors

The influence of enzyme deactivation on substrate conversion in different reactor types is examined. The influence of inter- and intra-particle diffusion on deactivation and on effectiveness factor is analyzed. Optimum temperature operations criterion and policies are presented for reactors with deactivating catalysts. Appropriate examples are provided to highlight the different concepts presented.
Chang's Theorem on Betti Numbers of Exponent-Two Modules over Regular Local Rings

Let (R, &#x1d52a;, k) be a regular local ring of dimension n and let M be a finite length R-module. Horrock's conjecture [2] says that the ith Betti number of M must be at least . The article “Betti Numbers of Modules of Exponent Two over Regular Local Rings,” by Shou-Te Chang [1], addresses the case that &#x1d52a;2 M = 0. The purpose of the present article is to correct a few problems in the arguments in [1]. In particular, we will be analyzing certain Koszul matrices and systematically finding a maximal set of linearly independent columns of these matrices.