cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of light flash on photocathodes

Abstract We have measured the discharge of the bi-alkali (high resistivity) photocathode of the 2 inch diameter Hamamatsu photomultiplier type R1828-01 when its surface is uniformly illuminated with 5 × 10 8 photons. The gain of the tube (when operated at − 1800 V) is reduced by 7% immediately after the flash, and recovers with a time constant of about 50 μs. Time delays are also affected. Photomultipliers with multi-alkali (low resistivity) photocathodes do not show these effects.
Analysis and characterization of the complete genome of a member of a new species of kobuvirus associated with swine

A virus belonging to a new species in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae, was first isolated in 2008 from apparently healthy pigs in Hungary and China. We report the complete genome sequence and the genetic organization of the novel porcine kobuvirus strain Y-1-CHI, which was identified in China. The RNA genome of strain Y-1-CHI contains 8210 nucleotides (nt) and has an organization similar to that of other picornaviruses. The full-length nucleotide sequence of Y-1-CHI was 88.62%, 58.66%, and 48.86% identical to those of S-1-HUN, U-1, and Aichi virus, respectively. No positive results were found in 454 stool samples from children with acute gastroenteritis. Dendrograms indicated that Y-1-CHI and S-1-HUN are most closely related to each other and belong to the same species. Our results suggest that members of this novel species have the typical genome characteristics of members of the genus Kobuvirus and may be distributed globally in swine.
The standard formation data for KAlO2

Abstract The standard enthalpy of formation of KAlO2 was determined by hydrofluoric acid solution calorimetry to be Δ-Hf,298.15XXX, = −272.60±1.43 kcal mol−1. This value, combined with the previously determined low-temperature heat capacity and high-temperature enthalpy functions, provides the Gibbs energies and equilibrium constants of formation over the temperature range of the measurements. The standard Gibbs energy was determined as ΔGf,298.15 = −257.45 kcal mol−1.
5-HT2 and 3 receptor antagonists suppress the response of rat type I slowly adapting mechanoreceptor: an in vitro study.

Abstract Previous experiments have shown an increase in rat type I mechanoreceptor responsiveness during arterial serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) infusion and the presence of serotonin immunostaining in Merkel cells. The current findings demonstrate that the 5-HT 2 antagonists ritanserin and ketanserin, as well as the 5-HT 3 antagonist MDL 72222, reduce type I response to a standardized mechanical stimulus in an in vitro skin preparation. In addition, ritanserin blocked the enhancement of type I response produced by 5-HT. These experiments suggest that serotonin is released during mechanical distortion of the Merkel cell membrane and alters action potential generation by the type I ending. In addition, it is possible that serotonin, released from outside the type I complex, influences mechanoreceptor responsiveness. For example, serotonin generated during inflammatory events could enhance type I response to mechanical stimulation and thereby increase symptoms of mechanical allodynia.
Postoperative radiation therapy for patients at high‐risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy: does timing matter?

Objective To evaluate among radical prostatectomy (RP) patients at high-risk of recurrence whether the timing of postoperative radiation therapy (RT) (adjuvant, early salvage with detectable post-RP prostate-specific antigen [PSA], or ‘late’ salvage with a PSA level of >1.0 ng/mL) is significantly associated with overall survival (OS), prostate-cancer specific survival or metastasis-free survival, in a longitudinal cohort. Patients and Methods Of 6 176 RP patients in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE), 305 patients with high-risk pathological features (margin positivity, Gleason score 8–10, or pT3–4) who underwent postoperative RT were examined, either in the adjuvant (≤6 months after RP with undetectable PSA levels, 76 patients) or salvage setting (>6 months after RP or pre-RT PSA level of >0.1 ng/mL, 229 patients). Early (PSA level of ≤1.0 ng/mL, 180 patients) or late salvage RT (PSA level >1.0 ng/mL, 49 patients) was based on post-RP, pre-RT PSA level. Multivariable Cox regression examined associations with all-cause mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality and/or metastases (PCSMM). Results After a median of 74 months after RP, 65 men had died (with 37 events of PCSMM). Adjuvant and salvage RT patients had comparable high-risk features. Compared with adjuvant, salvage RT (early or late) had an increased association with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.7, P = 0.018) and with PCSMM (HR 4.0, P = 0.015). PCSMM-free survival differed by further stratification of timing, with 10-year estimates of 88%, 84%, and 71% for adjuvant, early salvage, and late salvage RT, respectively (P = 0.026). For PCSMM-free survival and OS, compared with adjuvant RT, late salvage RT had statistically significantly increased risk; however, early salvage RT did not. Conclusion This analysis suggests that patients who underwent early salvage RT with PSA levels of 1.0 ng/mL is associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Mining boundary effects in areally referenced spatial data using the Bayesian information criterion

Statistical models for areal data are primarily used for smoothing maps revealing spatial trends. Subsequent interest often resides in the formal identification of `boundaries' on the map. Here boundaries refer to `difference boundaries', representing significant differences between adjacent regions. Recently, Lu and Carlin (Geogr Anal 37:265---285, 2005) discussed a Bayesian framework to carry out edge detection employing a spatial hierarchical model that is estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Here we offer an alternative that avoids MCMC and is easier to implement. Our approach resembles a model comparison problem where the models correspond to different underlying edge configurations across which we wish to smooth (or not). We incorporate these edge configurations in spatially autoregressive models and demonstrate how the Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) can be used to detect difference boundaries in the map. We illustrate our methods with a Minnesota Pneumonia and Influenza Hospitalization dataset to elicit boundaries detected from the different models.
Power Reduces the Press of the Situation: Implications for Creativity, Conformity, and Dissonance

Although power is often conceptualized as the capacity to influence others, the current research explores whether power psychologically protects people from influence. In contrast to classic social psychological research demonstrating the strength of the situation in directing attitudes, expressions, and intentions, 5 experiments (using experiential primes, semantic primes, and role manipulations of power) demonstrate that the powerful (a) generate creative ideas that are less influenced by salient examples, (b) express attitudes that conform less to the expressed opinions of others, (c) are more influenced by their own social value orientation relative to the reputation of a negotiating opponent, and (d) perceive greater choice in making counterattitudinal statements. This last experiment illustrates that power is not always psychologically liberating; it can create internal conflict, arousing dissonance, and thereby lead to attitude change. Across the experiments, high-power participants were immune to the typical press of situations, with intrapsychic processes having greater sway than situational or interpersonal ones on their creative and attitudinal expressions.
Upgrade to the Tritium Remote Control and Monitoring System for TFTR D&D

Since 1988, the Tritium Remote Control and Monitoring System (TRECAMS) has performed crucial functions in support of D-T operations of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). Although plasma operations on TFTR were completed in 1997, the need for TRECAMS continued. During this period TRECAMS supported the TFTR tritium systems, the TFTR's shutdown and safing phase, and the TFTR Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) project. The most critical function of the TRECAMS in the post-TFTR era has been to provide a real-time indication of the airborne tritium levels in the tritium areas and the (HVAC) stacks. TRECAMS is a critical tool in conducting safe TFTR D&D tritium-line breaks and other tritium-related work activities.
MAFA and T3 Drive Maturation of Both Fetal Human Islets and Insulin-Producing Cells Differentiated From hESC.

Context: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiated toward β-cells and fetal human pancreatic islet cells resemble each other transcriptionally and are characterized by immaturity with a lack of glucose responsiveness, low levels of insulin content, and impaired proinsulin-to-insulin processing. However, their response to stimuli that promote functionality have not been compared. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of our previous strategies for functional maturation developed in rodents in these two human models of β-cell immaturity and compare their responses. Design, Settings, Participants, and Interventions: In proof-of-principle experiments using either adenoviral-mediated overexpression of V-Maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MAFA) or the physiologically driven path via thyroid hormone (T3) and human fetal islet-like cluster (ICC) functional maturity was evaluated. Then the effects of T3 were evaluated upon the functional maturation of ...
Embedded estimation of fault parameters in an unmanned aerial vehicle

In this paper, we present a model-based approach for estimating fault conditions in an aircraft. We formulate fault estimation as a convex optimization problem, where estimates are obtained by solving a constrained quadratic program (QP). A moving horizon framework is used to enable recursive implementation of the constrained QP of fixed size. The estimation scheme takes into account a priori known monotonicity constraints on the faults. Monotonicity implies that the fault conditions can only deteriorate with time. We validate the proposed estimation scheme on a detailed nonlinear simulation model of the Aerosonde unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the presence of winds and turbulence. An excellent performance of the developed approach is demonstrated.
Segmental isotopic labeling of the Hsp70 molecular chaperone DnaK using expressed protein ligation

Introducing biophysical labels into specific regions of large and dynamic multidomain proteins greatly facilitates mechanistic analysis. Ligation of expressed domains that are labeled in a desired manner before assembly of the intact molecular machine provides such a strategy. We have elaborated an experimental route using expressed protein ligation (EPL) to create an Hsp70 molecular chaperone (the E. coli Hsp70, DnaK) where only one of the two constituent domains was labeled, in this case with NMR active isotopes, allowing visualization of the single domain in the context of the two domain protein. Several technical obstacles were overcome, including choice of site for ligation with retention of function, optimization of ligation yield, and purification from unreacted domains. Ligated semilabeled DnaK was successfully produced with a Cys residue at position 383, and the ligated product harboring the Cys mutation was confirmed to be functional and identical to an expressed Cys-containing two-domain construct. The NMR spectrum of the segmentally labeled protein was considerably simplified, enabling unequivocal assignment and enhanced analysis of dynamics, as a prelude to exploring the energy landscape for allostery in the Hsp70 family.
Characterization of Days Based On Analysis of National Airspace System Performance Metrics

Days of operations in the National Airspace System can be described in term of traffic demand, runway conditions, equipment outages, and surface and enroute weather conditions. These causes manifest themselves in terms of departure delays, arrival delays, enroute delays and traffic flow management delays, Traffic flow management initiatives such as, ground stops, ground delay programs, miles-in-trail restrictions, rerouting and airborne holding are imposed to balance the air traffic demand with respect to the available capacity, In order to maintain operational efficiency of the National Airspace System, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) maintains delay sad other statistics in the Air Traffic Operations Network (OPSNET) and the Aviation System Performance Metrics (ASPM) databases. OPSNET data includes reportable delays of fifteen minutes ox more experienced by Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) flights. Numbers of aircraft affected by departure delays, enroute delays, arrival delays and traffic flow delays are recorded in the OPSNET data. ASPM data consist of number of actual departures, number of canceled departures, percentage of on time departures, percentage of on time gate arrivals, taxi-out delays. taxi-in delays, gate delays, arrival delays and block delays. Surface conditions at the major U.S. airports are classified in terms of Instrument Meteorological Condition (IMC) and Visual Meteorological Condition (VMC) as a function of the time of the day in the ASPM data. The main objective of this paper is to use OPSNET and ASPM data to classify the days in the datasets into few distinct groups, where each group is separated from the other groups in terms of a distance metric. The motivations for classifying the days are two-fold, 1) to enable selection of days of traffic with particular operational characteristics for concept evaluation using system-wide simulation systems such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Airspace Concepts Evaluation Tool (ACES) and 2) to enable evaluation of a given day with respect to the characteristics of the classified groups. The first part of the paper is devoted to the analysis of major trends seen in the OPSNET and ASPM data. The second part of the paper is devoted to describing features or measures derived from the OPSNET and ASPM data that are suitable for characterizing days, and the classification algorithm used for grouping the days. Finally, the method for evaluating the characteristics of a given day with respect to the properties of the groups is described.
Repetitive DNA, genome system architecture and genome reorganization

Repetitive DNA elements are major organizational components of the genome inolved in replication, in transmission to daughter cells, and controlling expression of genomic coding sequences. Repetitive elements format the genome system architecture characteristic of each taxonomic group. Appreciating the functional significance of repetitive DNA provides new concepts of genome organization and genome reorganization in evolution.
Effects of terpenoid precursor feeding on Catharanthus roseus hairy roots over-expressing the alpha or the alpha and beta subunits of anthranilate synthase.

Among the pharmacologically important terpenoid indole alkaloids produced by Catharanthus roseus are the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. These two drugs are produced in small yields within the plant, which makes them expensive to produce commercially. Metabolic engineering has focused on increasing flux through this pathway by various means such as elicitation, precursor feeding, and introduction of genes encoding specific metabolic enzymes into the plant. Recently in our lab, a feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase α subunit was over-expressed in C. roseus hairy roots under the control of a glucocorticoid inducible promoter system. Upon induction we observed a large increase in the indole precursors, tryptophan, and tryptamine. The current work explores the effects of over-expressing the anthranilate synthase α or α and β subunits in combination with feeding with the terpenoid precursors 1-deoxy-D-xylulose, loganin, and secologanin. In feeding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose to the hairy root line expressing the anthranilate synthase α subunit, we observed an increase of 125% in horhammericine levels in the induced samples, while loganin feeding increased catharanthine by 45% in the induced samples. Loganin feeding to the hairy root line expressing anthranilate synthase α and β subunits increases catharanthine by 26%, ajmalicine by 84%, lochnericine by 119%, and tabersonine by 225% in the induced samples. These results suggest that the terpenoid precursors to the terpenoid indole alkaloids are important factors in terpenoid indole alkaloid production. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, inc.
Overcoming Dualism: A Critique of Some Recent Interpretations of Nietzschean Perspectivism

L'A. s'interroge sur la position de Nietzsche face a la verite, et son perpectivisme souligne par Rorty notamment. L'A. etudie l'hypothese avancee par Clark de la persistance dans la pensee de Nietzsche de l'idee de choses en soi qui s'allierait avec un perspectivisme humain (toute experience du monde etant linguistique), interpretation metaphysique que l'A. critique vivement
Risk stratification in critical limb ischemia: derivation and validation of a model to predict amputation-free survival using multicenter surgical outcomes data.

Background: Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) are a heterogeneous population with respect to risk for mortality and limb loss, complicating clinical decision-making. Endovascular options, compared with bypass, offer a tradeoff between reduced procedural risk and inferior durability. Risk stratified data predictive of amputation-free survival (AFS) may improve clinical decision making and allow for better assessment of new technology in the CLI population. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from patients who underwent infrainguinal vein bypass surgery for CLI. Two datasets were used: the PREVENT III randomized trial (n 1404) and a multicenter registry (n 716) from three distinct vascular centers (two academic, one community-based). The PREVENT III cohort was randomly assigned to a derivation set (n 953) and to a validation set (n 451). The primary endpoint was AFS. Predictors of AFS identified on univariate screen (inclusion threshold, P 75 (HR 1.64, P .001), hematocrit 8 [8.8% of cohort]). Stratification of the patients, in each dataset, according to risk category yielded three significantly different Kaplan-Meier estimates for 1-year AFS (86%, 73%, and 45% for low, medium, and high risk groups, respectively). For a given risk category, the AFS estimate was consistent between the derivation and validation sets. Conclusion: Among patients selected to undergo surgical bypass for infrainguinal disease, this parsimonious risk stratification model reliably identified a category of CLI patients with a >50% chance of death or major amputation at 1 year. Calculation of a “PIII risk score” may be useful for surgical decision making and for clinical trial designs in the CLI population. (J Vasc Surg 2008;48:1464-71.) Critical limb ischemia (CLI), the most advanced form of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events that include major limb loss, myocardial infarction, stroke, and death. 1-4 The estimated rate of all-cause mortality in patients with CLI has been reported to be as high as 20% within 6 months of diagnosis and surpasses 50% at 5 years post diagnosis. 5,6
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats of human tenascin-C as ligands for EGF receptor.

Signaling through growth factor receptors controls such diverse cell functions as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. A critical question has been how the activation of these receptors is regulated. Most, if not all, of the known ligands for these receptors are soluble factors. However, as matrix components are highly tissue-specific and change during development and pathology, it has been suggested that select growth factor receptors might be stimulated by binding to matrix components. Herein, we describe a new class of ligand for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) found within the EGF-like repeats of tenascin-C, an antiadhesive matrix component present during organogenesis, development, and wound repair. Select EGF-like repeats of tenascin-C elicited mitogenesis and EGFR autophosphorylation in an EGFR-dependent manner. Micromolar concentrations of EGF-like repeats induced EGFR autophosphorylation and activated extracellular signal–regulated, mitogen-activated protein kinase to levels comparable to those induced by subsaturating levels of known EGFR ligands. EGFR-dependent adhesion was noted when the ligands were tethered to inert beads, simulating the physiologically relevant presentation of tenascin-C as hexabrachion, and suggesting an increase in avidity similar to that seen for integrin ligands upon surface binding. Specific binding to EGFR was further established by immunofluorescence detection of EGF-like repeats bound to cells and cross-linking of EGFR with the repeats. Both of these interactions were abolished upon competition by EGF and enhanced by dimerization of the EGF-like repeat. Such low affinity behavior would be expected for a matrix-“tethered” ligand; i.e., a ligand which acts from the matrix, presented continuously to cell surface EGF receptors, because it can neither diffuse away nor be internalized and degraded. These data identify a new class of “insoluble” growth factor ligands and a novel mode of activation for growth factor receptors.
On some link distance problems in a simple polygon

A technique is presented for preprocessing a simple polygon to answer link distance queries. The preprocessing requires linear time and the time to triangulate the polygon, and it uses linear storage. As an application of the technique, optimal algorithms for several fundamental link distance problems are derived. >
From Compassion to Compensation: The Effect of Injury Severity on Mock Jurors’ Liability Judgments

Two studies were performed to ascertain the effect of injury severity on participants' judgments in a simulated jury task. Participants read a summary of a personal-injury case in which the severity of the plaintiffs injury was varied; they were asked to judge the defendant's liability, award compensation. and rate their feelings toward the litigants. In Study I, more severely hurt plaintiffs were more likely to obtain a favorable verdict, even though evidence of liability was held constant. Greater severity influenced liability judgments only insofar as it elicited positive feelings toward the plaintiff or negative feelings toward the defendant, In Study 2, severity was found to have no effect when participants could not award damages, suggesting that more severe injuries arouse feelings for the litigants that are associated with a motivation to alleviate the plaintiffs suffering or to punish the defendant. Strategies for reducing the extralegal influence of injury severity are discussed.
Sequence heterogeneity of PsaA, a 37-kilodalton putative adhesin essential for virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

psaAencodes a 37-kDa putative pneumococcal surface adhesin. Although its complete nucleotide sequence has been determined, its contribution to the pathogenicity ofStreptococcus pneumoniaehas not previously been assessed. In this study, we used a PCR-amplified internal fragment of thepsaAgene fromS. pneumoniaetype 2 strain D39 cloned in pVA891, to direct the construction of D39 derivatives in which thepsaAgene had been specifically interrupted, by insertion-duplication mutagenesis. Two independent D39 psaA mutants (PsaA 2 1 andPsaA 2 2 )weresignificantlylessvirulent(asjudgedbyintranasalorintraperitonealchallengeofmice)than either the wild-type D39 strain or a derivative of PsaA 2 1 in which the psaA gene had been reconstituted by back-transformation with an intact copy of the cloned gene. pVA891-directed mutagenesis of an open reading frame (designated ORF3) immediately 3* to psaA or insertion of pVA891 between psaA and ORF3 had no impact on intranasal virulence. However, a small but significant difference in virulence was observed between these two derivatives and the parental D39 strain in a low-dose intraperitoneal challenge model, suggesting that the ORF3 product may also contribute to pathogenesis. Adherence of PsaA 2 1 to A549 cells (type II pneumocytes) was only 9% of that for D39, while the ORF3-negative strain exhibited intermediate adherence (23%). This is thefirst functional evidence that PsaA is an adhesin. Sequence analysis of thepsaAgene from D39 indicated significant deviation from that previously published for the homolog fromS. pneumoniaeR36A. The deduced amino acid sequences of mature PsaA from the two strains had only 81% homology, with the bulk of the variation occurring in the amino-terminal portion.
Listening Past the Lies that Make Us Sick: A Voice-Centered Analysis of Strength and Depression among Black Women

An emerging feminist paradigm likens depression to silencing, as women disconnect from important aspects of their realities in an attempt to meet cultural standards of feminine goodness. While offering a provocative re-evaluation of hegemonic feminine norms and depressive episodes, little in this literature explores connections between silencing and depression within other, non-white constructions of feminine goodness. Employing a voice-centered method that illuminates areas of conflict between cultural scripts and individual meaning making, I forward that being strong is both the depiction of Black feminine goodness and an important contributor to depressive episodes. Drawing on interview data from a nonclinical sample of 58 Black women, I illustrate three depression-relevant aspects of Black women’s gendered experiences: the promotion of their stoicism, silence, and selflessness through the prevailing discourse of the “strong Black woman”; the active suppression of discourse-discrepant realities which the women associate with depressive experiences; and the psychological healing attendant on supplanting this discourse with experience-based knowledge of their social realities. Voice-centeredness, I conclude, brings a needed sensitivity to depression as a racialized and gendered experience of distress tied to the normative conditions of Black women’s lives.
Assessing the Effects of Animation in Online Banner Advertising

The present study attempts to examine the effects of animated banner ads, as well as the moderating effects of involvement, on each stage of the hierarchy of effects model, and to explore the appli...
Community-based child abuse prevention

Prematurity, congenital abnormalities, intrauterine growth retardation, and perinatal illness often impair parent-infant attachment, which can contribute to subsequent child abuse. Enhancement of parent-infant relationships, parental coping skills, and social support systems through parent education and home visitation has been shown to reduce the incidence of abuse and is emphasized in the child abuse prevention program proposed in this article. New parents who participate in the program learn about the behavioral capabilities and responses of their newborn from a trained and supervised volunteer perinatal coach/parent aide. With this knowledge, parents can develop optimal sensory communication skills for interacting with their infant. Perinatal coaches/parent aides also foster better parental understanding of the child's physical and emotional development and needs, help reduce family isolation, offer emotional support and practical parenting assistance, and serve as a positive parental role model. Social workers are integral to the program because they select, train, and supervise the perinatal coaches/parent aides.
Marriage at the Crossroads: The Curious Relationship of Marriage and Freedom

This essay explores why and how today’s marriage equality movement for same-sex couples might benefit from lessons learned by African Americans when they too were allowed to marry for the first time in the immediate post-Civil War era. Why has the right to marry, rather than say, employment rights, educational opportunity or political participation, emerged as the preeminent vehicle by and through which the freedom, equality and dignity of gay men and lesbians is being fought in the present moment. Why marriage? In what ways are the values, aspirations, and even identity of an oppressed community shaped when they are articulated in and through the institution of marriage? What kind of freedom and what kind of equality does the capacity to marry bring forth? In important ways, what we are witnessing today with same-sex couples echoes the experience of another group of new rights-holders almost 150 years ago. To better understand how the gay rights movement today has collapsed into a marriage rights movement, and what the costs of such a strategy might be, the essay looks backward in history to another time when marriage rights intersected with the rights of freedom, equality and dignity of a marginalized population: newly emancipated Black people in the mid-nineteenth century.
Key Repair Service Factors for Consumer Durable Goods

The authors present the findings of a field study that identified the relative importance of five characteristics commonly used by consumers to assess repair service for selected durable goods. The...
Interactions of Mothers with Partners of Different Sexes in Meadow Voles and Prairie Voles

The behavior of lactating female meadow voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus ) and prairie voles (M. ochrogaster ) housed with partners of either sex was examined in an indoor, seminatural environment. Females were observed either alone, in the presence of the breeding male, or in the presence of a familiar, virgin female (sibling). Although there was no effect of partner condition on maternal behavior in either species, interactions between mothers and partners varied between species. Meadow-vole mothers spent less time in social interaction than prairie-vole mothers, and their interactions primarily were with female partners. In contrast, prairie-vole mothers primarily interacted with the male with whom they shared a nest and kept female siblings from entering the natal nest until pups were close to weaning age. The differential response of female prairie and meadow voles to partners of different sex is consistent with their winter social organizations.
Variability in Streptococci of Group B

The streptococci belonging to the Lancefield' serological group B, both from human and bovine sources, represent a rather homogeneous group which is clearly defined physiologically as well as serologically. However, with respect to certain properties, especially hemolytic power and the ability to ferment lactose and salicin, strains giving diverse reactions occur. It is important to know whether these diverse strains should be considered only as variants within an otherwise homogeneous species, Streptococcus mastitidis, or if each type should have separate recognition. In support of the latter view the following specific names have been suggested: Str. mastitidis (hemolysis +, lactose +, salicin +) Frost and Engelbrecht2; Streptococcus agalactiae (hemolysis 0, lactose +, salicin +) Frost and Engelbrecht; Streptococcus opportunus (hemolysis +, lactose 0, salicin +) Brown3; Streptococcus asalignus (hemolysis +, lactose +, salicin 0) Frost, Gumm and Thomas.4
Plant Extracts Used for Control of the Parasitic Mites Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) and Acarapis woodi (Acari: Tarsonemidae) in Colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Natural products were evaluated as control agents for the tracheal mite Acarapis woodi (Rennie) and the Varroa mite Varroa jacobsoni (Oudemans) in colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Test materials consisted of 1:1 (wt:wt) blends of thymol with cineole, citronellal, or linalool. Two, 25.0-g applications (rate 1) of each blend were applied to colonies infested with Varroa . A 2nd group of Varroa infested colonies received 2 x 12.5 g applications (rate 2). Each application was left in place for 14 d, during which time Varroa mites were collected on, sticky boards placed on the bottom boards of the colonies. At the end of the 28-d treatment period, remaining mites were killed with fluvalinate and collected on sticky boards. Mite mortality in the colonies receiving thymol and cineole was 56.4 and 49.1% for rates 1 and 2, respectively, compared with a natural mite fall of 28.0% in control colonies. Two applications of each blend (rate 1) were applied to colonies infested with A. woodi in September. Mite prevalence values increased 28.3% in control colonies by the following May, but decreased 22.4% in colonies receiving thymol and citronella!. Our results suggest that the presence of brood seriously limits the efficacy of thymol-based control measures when they are applied as fumigants against Varroa . However, these products may be useful against the tracheal mite and may be an important component of an integrated pest management program for Varroa if used when brood levels are low.
THE CHALLENGE AND ACTION ABOUT HOSPITAL DISINFECTION IN LIAOYANG CITY

Objective To understand the current disinfection status of the second level and above medical institutions in order to identify problems and to propose measures for improvement.Methods The field sampling and quantitative detection of bacteria were used to monitor disinfection effects of the relevant medical institutions in the area.Results The qualified rates of sterilization of medical supplies,disinfectants in use and pressure steam sterilizer were 100%;those of medical staff hand and material surface were 99.80% and 99.35% respectively;the qualified rate of the air health quality was 88.89%.Conclusion The disinfection qualities of the second level and above medical institutions in the region are good in general.Disinfection of indoor air and supervision and monitoring of hospital disinfection need to be strengthened.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage produces differential effects on transmitter kinetics at cerebral periarterial noradrenergic terminals.

The functional states of cerebral perivascular noradrenergic terminals were investigated following experimental ‘closed-space’ subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in cat. The left middle cerebral artery (L-MCA) was compared to the ruptured right (R-MCA) one. Permeability kinetics of 3H-NA (noradrenaline) were measured simultaneously in isolated segments of paired R- and L-MCAs, testing responses to electrical field stimulation and the presence of the α-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine, at different concentrations and times post-SAH. Fractional 3H-NA efflux from ruptured R-MCAs was reduced to undetectable levels at 18 h to at least 3 d post-SAH. Response to electrical stimulation partially recovered at 10 d and approached the controls by 16 to 30 d. In the L-MCAs, 3H-NA efflux was decreased up to 90% at 18 h, but recovered to control level by 3 d, unless it too became involved by encroachment of blood from the SAH side. The fractional 3H-NA efflux in the controls was typically augmented by phentolamine, re...
Sealing Glass-Ceramics with Near Linear Thermal Strain, Part I: Process Development and Phase Identification

A widely adopted approach to form matched seals in metals having high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), e.g. stainless steel, is the use of high CTE glass-ceramics. With the nucleation and growth of Cristobalite as the main high-expansion crystalline phase, the CTE of recrystallizable lithium silicate Li2O–SiO2–Al2O3–K2O–B2O3–P2O5–ZnO glass-ceramic can approach 18 ppm/°C, matching closely to the 18 ppm/°C–20 ppm/°C CTE of 304L stainless steel. However, a large volume change induced by the α-β inversion between the low- and high- Cristobalite, a 1st order displacive phase transition, results in a nonlinear step-like change in the thermal strain of glass-ceramics. The sudden change in the thermal strain causes a substantial transient mismatch between the glass-ceramic and stainless steel. In this study, we developed new thermal profiles based on the SiO2 phase diagram to crystallize both Quartz and Cristobalite as high expansion crystalline phases in the glass-ceramics. A key step in the thermal profile is the rapid cooling of glass-ceramic from the peak sealing temperature to suppress crystallization of Cristobalite. The rapid cooling of the glass-ceramic to an initial lower hold temperature is conducive to Quartz crystallization. After Quartz formation, a subsequent crystallization of Cristobalite is performed at a higher hold temperature. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of a series of quenched glass-ceramic samples clearly revealed the sequence of crystallization in the new thermal profile. The coexistence of two significantly reduced volume changes, one at ~220°C from Cristobalite inversion and the other at ~470°C from Quartz inversion, greatly improves the linearity of the thermal strains of the glass-ceramics, and is expected to improve the thermal strain match between glass-ceramics and stainless steel over the sealing cycle.
The Crack Crisis

Many parts of the world face a major crisis due to crack cocaine. Neighborhoods and cities are now being overwhelmed with crack-related problems, such as: addicted men, women, and children; destruction of families; increased crime; stressed medical care facilities; overburdened police forces, courts, and prisons; and loss of productivity. But why now? What has happened to bring this problem to the fore at this moment in history? A fundamental purpose of this chapter, indeed of this book, is to explain why some nations are now inundated by, and all nations are threatened by, a new form of cocaine, despite the fact that until recently cocaine was thought by most people to be relatively harmless.
A different kind of organizational silence: When individuals fail to recognize a problem exists

After major disasters, significant contributing factors are commonly identified but too often only with hindsight. For individuals to report potential problems before the disaster, three steps need to occur: 1) he or she needs to recognize an event as a risk, problem, or possible wrongdoing, 2) he or she needs to choose to either speak up, neglect the problem, or leave the organization based on an assessment of the benefits and costs of each alternative, and 3) he or she must take action if speaking up is the chosen response. The organizational silence literature focuses mostly on step 2, where the culture of the organization causes individuals to choose to not speak up even when a problem is recognized. In this paper, we focus on step 1: where characteristics of the organization or the particular problem cause individuals to fail to recognize a problem exists. We first examine the 1998 incident at Wallops Flight Facility where an aircraft crashed during an engine water ingestion test. We then describe a series of behavioral lab experiments conducted to demonstrate how different conditions in the situation can influence the participant's ability to recognize increasing risk in a task.
Aging and developmental disabilities : service provider health-care training needs

The numbers of aging and older persons with developmental disabilities are rapidly growing. Knowledge based on new and ongoing research is fast beginning to accumulate. Efforts to provide training, both preservice and in‐service, are beginning to be implemented. This article (a) reports on existing health‐care training materials, (b) discusses service providers’ training needs in the area of developmental disabilities and aging, and (c) provides recommendations for future training and curriculum development. The investigation included a search of library and archival records for existing information on health, aging, and developmental disabilities; semistructured interviews with 20 “expert” providers of health care to developmentally disabled elderly individuals; and a survey of 245 service providers for their perceptions of providers’ training needs in the area of health care for older adults with developmental disabilities.
Sophie’s Diary by Dora Musielak

1. Awakening 2. Discovery 3. Introspection 4. Under siege 5. Upon the threshold 6. Intellectual discovery 7. Knocking on Heaven's door Author's note A biographical sketch of Marie-Sophie Germain Index.
The Development and Validation of the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS): an Assessment of Practices that Support Positive Embodiment

This study details the development and validation of a measure of mindful self-care, the Mindful Self-Care Scale (MSCS). Based on theory and emerging empirical work, the MSCS items were developed to align with a set of actionable practices that promote positive embodiment and well-being. The extant literature on self-care was reviewed and a set of items developed. Following expert review, the retained items were factor analyzed (N = 448, aged 18–71, 79.7% female, 90.0% Caucasian) resulting in six factors: physical care, supportive relationships, mindful awareness, self-compassion and purpose, mindful relaxation, and supportive structure. Overall, the MSCS was significantly and positively correlated with body esteem and negatively correlated with eating disorder risk. Confirmatory factor analyses were applied to a second independent sample (N = 452, aged 18–78, 69.7% female, 70.8% Caucasian) providing cross-validation of the six-dimensional structure of the MSCS. Internal consistency was upheld for the total scale and subscales. Findings and implications for future research follow along with a review of the limitations of this study.
Fugitive methane leak detection using sUAS and miniature laser spectrometer payload: System, application and groundtruthing tests

A miniature in-situ CH4 concentration measurement instrument based upon tunable laser spectroscopy (TLS) was developed and applied in numerous field campaigns. The instrument, a 3.4 μm laser spectrometer developed at NASA Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), is lightweight (250g), low power (< 8 W), and high sensitivity (10 ppb s−1). The payload was further developed and integrated onto a small UAV at UC Merced, rendering an overall payload weight of 400 g and real-time data acquisition. The remarkable characteristics of the instrument and prior investigative work regarding sensor placement yielded excellent trial and field results, which are presented in this work.
Preventing Complications During Limb Lengthening

Undesirable bone deformation during lengthening is usually a consequence of tight fascial layers, whereas joint deformations (contractures, subluxations, and dislocations) are a result of tightening musculotendinous structures. With external skeletal fixators, the osseous deformities can be overcome by ring prophylaxis; an option is not available with intramedullary lengthening. Blocking screws have proven particularly valuable in this regard. They can also be used for guidance during nail insertion. Tardy regenerate formation requires modification of latency, rate, and rhythm. The liberal use of soft tissue releases is another feature used by knowledgeable surgeons.
Health Indicators of US Older Adults Who Received or Did Not Receive Meals Funded by the Older Americans Act.

Background. The Older Americans Act (OAA) requires that nutrition programs provide meals and related nutrition services that promote health and help manage chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare health status, food security, functional limitations, and chronic diseases of older adults who received or did not receive OAA meals using data from a representative sample of US adults. Methods. Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Surveys 2011–2014 for 2,392 older adults ≥ 65 years of age, including 187 Mexican Americans, 212 other Hispanics, 521 non-Hispanic Blacks, 219 non-Hispanic Asians, and 1253 non-Hispanic Whites. Results. Those receiving OAA meals had higher percent of food insecurity and functional disabilities. Adjusting for potential confounders, adults who received OAA meals had higher odds of emphysema (OR = 2.02; 1.05, 3.89) and lower odds of good-to-excellent health (OR = 0.52; 0.36, 0.77). Women and minorities had poorer health status compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusion. A higher proportion of older adults who received nutritional services reported poorer health as compared to older adults who do not participate in these services. Future studies should assess nutritional adequacy for older adults who participate in nutritional programs comparing sex and race/ethnicity.
Structural insight into the rearrangement of the switch I region in GTP-bound G12A K-Ras

K-Ras, a molecular switch that regulates cell growth, apoptosis and metabolism, is activated when it undergoes a conformation change upon binding GTP and is deactivated following the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Hydrolysis of GTP in water is accelerated by coordination to K-Ras, where GTP adopts a high-energy conformation approaching the transition state. The G12A mutation reduces intrinsic K-Ras GTP hydrolysis by an unexplained mechanism. Here, crystal structures of G12A K-Ras in complex with GDP, GTP, GTPγS and GppNHp, and of Q61A K-Ras in complex with GDP, are reported. In the G12A K-Ras–GTP complex, the switch I region undergoes a significant reorganization such that the Tyr32 side chain points towards the GTP-binding pocket and forms a hydrogen bond to the GTP γ-phosphate, effectively stabilizing GTP in its precatalytic state, increasing the activation energy required to reach the transition state and contributing to the reduced intrinsic GTPase activity of G12A K-Ras mutants.
The copper(II) bis(thiosemicarbazone) radiopharmaceuticals, Cu-PTSM, Cu-ETS, and Cu-ATSM, are not MDR1 P-glycoprotein transport substrates

175 Objectives: To assess whether tissue expression of the MDR1 P-glycoprotein associated with tumor multidrug resistance alters the biodistribution of the copper radiopharmaceuticals: pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) (Cu-PTSM), ethylglyoxal bis(thiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) (Cu-ETS), and diacetyl bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) (Cu-ATSM). Methods: Copper-67-labeled Cu-PTSM, Cu-ETS, and Cu-ATSM were prepared with >99% radiochemical purity using [67Cu]copper chloride obtained from Trace Radiochemicals. The biodistribution of each radiopharmaceutical was determined following intravenous administration to Taconic Mdr1a/b knock-out mice and FVB wild-type control animals. Results: Tissue expression of MDR1 Pgp appears to have no affect on the biodistribution of the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) radiopharmaceuticals. At 5-minutes post-injection, brain uptake (%ID/organ) of [67Cu]Cu-PTSM, [67Cu]Cu-ETS, and [67Cu]Cu-ATSM was 4.6 ± 0.6% (n = 3), 0.99 ± 0.12% (n = 4), and 2.1 ± 0.20% (n = 3), respectively, in the KO mice. These values are not significantly different than the brain uptake observed in the FVB wild-type control animals, where the respective values were: 4.5 ± 0.4 (n = 3), 1.01 ± 0.14 (n = 4), and 1.7 ± 0.20 (n = 3) %ID/organ. Similarly, liver uptake of these tracers did not significantly vary between the KO and wild-type animals. Conclusions: The biodistribution of the Cu-PTSM, Cu-ETS, and Cu-ATSM radiopharmaceutials is not affected by tissue expression of MDR1-Pgp. The use of these tracers in tumor imaging will not be confounded by tissue levels of MDR1-Pgp. Additionally, the reduced brain uptake of Cu-ETS, relative to Cu-PTSM and Cu-ATSM, does not arise from exclusion by MDR1 Pgp at the blood-brain barrier. Research Support: R01-CA092403.