cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiolipins are biomarkers of mitochondria-rich thyroid oncocytic tumors

Oncocytic tumors are characterized by an excessive eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm due to aberrant accumulation of mitochondria. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA occurs in oncocytic thyroid tumors, but there is no information about their lipid composition which might reveal candidate theranostic molecules. Here we used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to image and chemically characterize the lipid composition of oncocytic thyroid tumors, as compared to non-oncocytic thyroid tumors and normal thyroid samples. We identified a novel molecular signature of oncocytic tumors characterized by an abnormally high abundance and chemical diversity of cardiolipins (CL), including many oxidized species. DESI-MS imaging and immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed that the spatial distribution of CL overlapped with regions of accumulation of mitochondria-rich oncocytic cells. Fluorescent imaging and mitochondrial isolation showed that both mitochondrial accumulation and alteration in CL composition of mitochondria occurred in oncocytic tumors cells, thus contributing the aberrant molecular signatures detected. A total of 219 molecular ions including CL, other glycerophospholipids (GP), fatty acids (FA), and metabolites were found at increased or decreased abundance in oncocytic, non-oncocytic or normal thyroid tissues. Our findings suggest new candidate targets for clinical and therapeutic use against oncocytic tumors.
Preserving Patient Privacy When Sharing Same-Disease Data

Medical and health data are often collected for studying a specific disease. For such same-disease microdata, a privacy disclosure occurs as long as an individual is known to be in the microdata. Individuals in same-disease microdata are thus subject to higher disclosure risk than those in microdata with different diseases. This important problem has been overlooked in data-privacy research and practice, and no prior study has addressed this problem. In this study, we analyze the disclosure risk for the individuals in same-disease microdata and propose a new metric that is appropriate for measuring disclosure risk in this situation. An efficient algorithm is designed and implemented for anonymizing same-disease data to minimize the disclosure risk while keeping data utility as good as possible. An experimental study was conducted on real patient and population data. Experimental results show that traditional reidentification risk measures underestimate the actual disclosure risk for the individuals in same-disease microdata and demonstrate that the proposed approach is very effective in reducing the actual risk for same-disease data. This study suggests that privacy protection policy and practice for sharing medical and health data should consider not only the individuals’ identifying attributes but also the health and disease information contained in the data. It is recommended that data-sharing entities employ a statistical approach, instead of the HIPAA's Safe Harbor policy, when sharing same-disease microdata.
Postradiation-associated sclerosing mediastinitis diagnosed in fine needle aspiration specimen: A cytological-pathological correlation

Sclerosing mediastinitis (SM) is an aggressive fibroproliferative process in the mediastinum that may lead to encasement of mediastinal structures within a dense fibrotic mass. This disease may cause significant clinical complications, morbidity, and even mortality. The etiology and pathogenesis of SM is unclear and in more than one third of cases remains idiopathic. Among the known causes of SM, granulomatous infection is the commonest. Association of SM with radiation therapy has been rarely reported. Herein, we are reporting a case of postradiation sclerosing mediastinitis diagnosed in fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of postradiation sclerosing mediastinitis with unusual striking intracytoplasmic glycogen accumulation. Having high index of suspicion and awareness of the fact that this entity may be also associated with radiation therapy, will be helpful in avoiding diagnostic pitfalls in FNA specimens and guiding proper clinical management.
A comment on the flattening of the group velocity curve of mantle Rayleigh waves with periods about 500 sec.

A scale-ratio consideration and a calculation on statical deformations of the earth by surface loads suggest that the flattening of the group velocity curve of mantle Rayleigh waves with periods about 500 sec. is not due to the existence of the earth's core, as has been suggested.
Feasibility of tumor genome sequencing: single center experience.

e22131 Background: Genome analysis is becoming an important tool to guide cancer management. Prior data on this approach have been largely confined to highly focused settings. Data on feasibility a...
Introduction to Policy Research in School-Based Counseling

This chapter provides a foundation for conceptualizing the relationships between policy, practice, and research in the international context. It also provides a framework for identifying the different stakeholder groups that use policy research related to school-based counseling and for understanding how each group uses policy research. Finally, an overview of the major sections of the handbook is presented that illustrates how each section contributes to advances in educational research that will contribute to the improvements in school-based counseling policy and practice.
Computational methods for the aortic heart valve and its replacements.

Introduction: Replacement with a prosthetic device remains a major treatment option for the patients suffering from heart valve disease, with prevalence growing resulting from an ageing population....
Abstract 143: Long Non-coding RNA Malat1 Regulates Cerebrovascular Pathologies in Ischemic Stroke

Accumulative studies have demonstrated the important regulatory roles of microRNAs in vascular and neural damage after ischemic stroke. However, the functional significance and mechanisms of other ...
Fandom and Punchdrunk’s Sleep No More: Audience Ethnography of Immersive Dance

Fan blogs devoted to Punchdrunk’s long-running immersive production of Sleep No More reveal the impact of dance and immersion on spectatorship. Positioned as participant observers within the SNM world — with its own rules, codes of behavior, values, social dynamics, and environments — fans channel their postperformance perceptions into visual ethnographies that include poetry, digital painting, illustration, collage, sculpture, and other forms of fan art.
Transcriptional regulation in human bladder cancer cells by RalA and RalB via both independent and overlapping pathways

4276 The monomeric GTPases RalA and RalB have been shown to contribute to human tumorigenesis and cancer progression in a number of ways. In some cases, RalA and RalB appear to have overlapping roles, but for at least two phenotypes, colony formation in soft agar and motility, they have been shown to act antagonistically. RalA and RalB have been shown to regulate a small set of transcription factors - NF-kappaB, the forkhead protein FoxO4, ZONAB - although in some cases, the specificity of transcriptional regulation of RalA vs. RalB remains unclear. What also remains unclear is the relevance of transcriptional regulation mediated by RalA and/or RalB to their roles in human cancer. Here, we studied the importance of RalA and/or RalB to trancriptional regulation in the human bladder cancer cell line, UMUC-3, by combining siRNA depletion Ral with gene expression analysis via microarray. RalA knockdown resulted in significant up-regulation of 95 genes (> 2 fold) and down-regulation of 156 genes (
A Note on Dynamic Investment Strategies and Mean-Variance Dominance of the Constant-Mix Rule

This note discusses several often overlooked properties of the constant-mix dynamic asset allocation rule. The mean- variance dominance of two-asset CM portfolios relative to buy-and-hold portfolios makes the inclusion of CM subportfolios a potentially useful tool for managing the levels of risk and return of larger portfolios.
Effects of Same-Sex Legislation on Attitudes toward Homosexuality:

Despite the long historical battle of members of the gay and lesbian community to gain equal rights as their heterosexual counterparts, the adoption of public policies at the national level that re...
Understanding metabolic changes in aging bone marrow.

Aging is associated with complex molecular alterations at the cellular level. Bone marrow exhibits distinct phenotypic, genetic and epigenetic alterations with aging. Metabolic changes in the bone marrow related to aging have not been studied. In this study, we characterized the metabolome and transcriptome of aging murine bone marrow and compared it with bone marrow from young healthy mice and chemotherapy treated mice; chemotherapy treatment is known to induce age-related changes in hematopoiesis. The metabolome of the aging bone marrow exhibited a signature of suppressed fatty-acid oxidation: accumulation of free fatty acids, reduced acyl-carnitines and low β-hydroxy butyric acid. The aged bone marrow also exhibited a significant reduction in amino acid and nucleic acid pool. The transcriptome of the aging bone marrow revealed a signature of oxidative stress, known to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, the metabolic and transcriptomic profiles of the bone marrow of chemotherapy treated mice did not show broad age-related changes but rather mostly resembled young healthy mice, suggestive of a lack of ‘metabolic aging’ with chemotherapy exposure. Our results revealed broad changes in lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides in aging marrow tissue. Together, these data provide a rich resource for the study of metabolic changes associated with aging in bone marrow.
Intrinsically radiolabelled [(59)Fe]-SPIONs for dual MRI/radionuclide detection.

Towards the development of iron oxide nanoparticles with intrinsically incorporated radionuclides for dual Positron Emission Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET/MRI) and more recently of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SPECT/MRI), we have developed intrinsically radiolabeled [59Fe]-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ([59Fe]-SPIONs) as a proof of concept for an intrinsic dual probe strategy. 59Fe was incorporated into Fe3O4 nanoparticle crystal lattice with 92±3% efficiency in thermal decomposition synthesis. Multidentate poly(acrylic acid)-dopamine-poly(ethylene-glycol-2000) (PAA-DOP-PEG) ligands were designed and synthesized based on facile EDC chemistry and utilized to functionalize the [59Fe]-SPIONs. The transverse relaxivity of [59Fe]-SPIONs (97±3 s-1mM-1) was characterized and found to be similar to non-radioactive SPIONs (72±10 s-1mM-1), indicating that 59Fe incorporation does not alter the SPIONs’ MRI contrast properties. [59Fe]-SPIONs were used to evaluate the nanoparticle biodistribution by ex vivo gamma counting and MRI. Nude mice (n=15) were injected with [59Fe]-SPIONs and imaged at various time points with 7T small animal MRI scanner. Ex vivo biodistribution was evaluated by tissue-based gamma counting. MRI signal contrast qualitatively correlates with the %ID/g of [59Fe]-SPIONs, with high contrast in liver (45±6%), medium contrast in kidneys (21±5%), and low contrast in brain (4±6%) at 24 hours. This work demonstrates the synthesis and in vivo application of intrinsically radiolabeled [59Fe]-SPIONs for bimodal detection and provides a proof of concept for incorporation of both gamma- and positron-emitting inorganic radionuclides into the core of metal based MRI contrast agent nanoparticles.
The Hall Effect in Heavily Doped Semiconductors

The properties of the Hall effect in relatively pure, lightly-doped semiconductors are now generally well understood.1 However, the Hall effect and mobility in heavily-doped semiconductors, which have metal-like behavior, have been studied much less experimentally and are still not fully understood theoretically. This paper reviews the Hall effect and related properties of heavily-doped semiconductors for the cases of both uniform and non-uniform doping. The unexplained experimental results remain a challenge to theory, but the empirical knowledge of the Hall effect in heavily-doped semiconductors is useful in solid-state device technology.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THROMBOLYTIC MECHANISMS

The indirect immunofluorescent staining technic has been employed to study the localization onto fibrin clots of components of the fibrinolysin system and its activators. Immunodiffusion technics revealed the heterogeneity of the various enzyme preparations used. The activated fibrinolytic enzyme preparations were found to localize onto and diffuse into the matrix and core of the clots. High degree of localization was seen with streptokinase-, urokinase- and spontaneously activated human plasmin, as well as human plasminogen. Chloroform-activated bovine plasmin localized to a lesser extent. No differences were observed in the results whether the fibrin clots were of human, canine or bovine origin.
Physical activity is not related to risk of early menopause in a large prospective study.

STUDY QUESTION Is physical activity associated with incident early menopause? SUMMARY ANSWER Physical activity is not associated with incident early menopause. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Lifestyle factors such as physical activity may influence menopause timing, but results from prior research are inconsistent. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We evaluated the association between physical activity and the occurrence of early natural menopause in a prospective cohort study, the Nurses' Health Study II. Women were followed prospectively from 1989 to 2011. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Our analysis included 107 275 women who were premenopausal at baseline. Menopause status was self-reported biennially. Time per week participating in specific activities was reported approximately every 4 years and used to calculate metabolic task hours per week (MET h/week). We used Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the association between physical activity and incidence of natural menopause before age 45 years while controlling for potential confounding factors. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE There were 2 786 study members who experienced menopause before the age of 45. After adjustment for age, smoking and other factors, we observed no association between adulthood physical activity and early menopause. For example, compared to women reporting <3 MET h/week, the hazard ratio for women in the highest category (≥42 MET h/week) of cumulatively-averaged total physical activity was 0.89 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-1.04; P-trend: 0.26). Neither moderate nor strenuous activity in adolescence and young adulthood were related to risk. The relation of physical activity and early menopause did not vary across strata of body mass index or smoking status. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Physical activity and menopausal status were self-reported, but repeated assessment of physical activity and prospective report of menopause status likely reduce the potential for non-differential misclassification. While the majority of our study participants were white, it is unlikely that the physiological relation of activity and early menopause varies by ethnicity. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Findings from our large prospective study do not support an important association between physical activity and early menopause. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This project was supported by UM1CA176726 and R01HD078517 from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. No competing interests are declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
Using an Algorithm to Assess Vaccination Among Patients Who Attended a Pharmacy Student-Driven Statewide Free Health Screening.

BackgroundNational vaccination rates remain below goals. Given the geographic availability of community pharmacies, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to provide immunizations. However, many pharm...
Smart Surveillance as an Edge Service for Real-Time Human Detection and Tracking

Monitoring for security and well-being in highly populated areas is a critical issue for city administrators, policy makers and urban planners. As an essential part of many dynamic and critical data-driven tasks, situational awareness (SAW) provides decision-makers a deeper insight of the meaning of urban surveillance. Thus, surveillance measures are increasingly needed. However, traditional surveillance platforms are not scalable when more cameras are added to the network. In this work, a smart surveillance as an edge service has been proposed. To accomplish the object detection, identification, and tracking tasks at the edge-fog layers, two novel lightweight algorithms are proposed for detection and tracking respectively. A prototype has been built to validate the feasibility of the idea, and the test results are very encouraging.
Attempts to Limit Opioid Prescribing in Critically Ill Patients: Not So Easy, Not So Fast.

Objective: To discuss why opioids have been considered the long-standing first-line therapy for treating acute, severe nociceptive pain in critically ill patients and discuss considerations for lim...
Effects of weakness of orofacial muscles on swallowing and communication in FSHD.

Objective This study explores the use of quantitative data on strength and fatigability of orofacial muscles in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and assesses the frequency of swallowing and communication difficulties and their relationship to orofacial muscle involvement. Methods We included 43 patients with FSHD and 35 healthy controls and used the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) to obtain quantitative measurements of strength and endurance of lip compression, cheek (buccodental) compression, and tongue elevation. For the assessment of swallowing and communication difficulties, we used the dysphagia-specific quality of life (SWAL-QOL) and Communicative Participation Item Bank questionnaires. Results Cheek compression strength was reduced in patients with FSHD compared to healthy controls. Dysphagia and difficulty with verbal communication were reported by 25% and 35% of patients, respectively, and correlated to cheek compression strength and endurance and to anterior tongue elevation endurance. Prolonged cheek compression or anterior tongue elevation endurance (decreased fatigability) made swallowing or speech problems less likely to occur. Conclusion Cheek compression strength is the most sensitive IOPI measure for orofacial weakness in FSHD. Orofacial weakness contributes to dysphagia and speech difficulties in FSHD, which are both common, though generally mild. Higher endurance of orofacial muscles was associated with a lower chance of dysphagia or speech problems. More research is required for further refinement of the pattern of facial muscle involvement in FSHD and to provide new insights for improvement of speech and language therapy.
Modeling of Power Delay Profile in the Desktop Size Metal Cavity at 300 GHz

This paper proposes a two-dimensional (2D) geometrical propagation model for line-of-sight (LoS) communication in the desktop size metal cavity environment at 300 GHz. Based on the developed geometrical model, a parameter reference model and power delay profile (PDP) have been derived. The simulated PDPs have been compared with measured PDPs and good agreement has been observed.
Incidence of breast pain in breast cancer patients in a multi-ethnic cohort.

e24085Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Prevalence rates for persistent pain following breast cancer surgery are reported to be up to 60%. Younger age, radiation, more i...
Effects of point defects on oxidation of 3C-SiC

Abstract The influence of implantation-induced point defects (PDs) on SiC oxidation is investigated via molecular dynamics simulations. PDs generally increase the oxidation rate of crystalline grains. Particularly, accelerations caused by Si antisites and vacancies are comparable, and followed by Si interstitials, which are higher than those by C antisites and C interstitials. However, in the grain boundary (GB) region, defect contribution to oxidation is more complex, with C antisites decelerating oxidation. The underlying reason is the formation of a C-rich region along the oxygen diffusion pathway that blocks the access of O to Si and thus reduces the oxidation rate, as compared to the oxidation along a GB without defects.
Accelerating the conceptual use of behavioral health research in juvenile court decision-making: study protocol.

The youth criminal-legal system is under heavy political scrutiny with multiple calls for significant transformation. Leaders within the system are faced with rethinking traditional models and are likely to benefit from behavioral health research evidence as they redesign systems. Little is known about how juvenile court systems access and use behavioral health research evidence; further, the field lacks a validated survey measure of behavioral health research use that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of evidence dissemination interventions for policy and system leaders. Conceptual research use is a particularly salient construct for system reform as it describes the process of shifting awareness and the consideration of new frameworks for action. A tool designed to measure the conceptual use of behavioral health research would advance the field’s ability to develop effective models of research evidence dissemination, including collaborative planning models to support the use of behavioral health research in reforms of the criminal-legal system. The ARC Study is a longitudinal, cohort and measurement validation study. It will proceed in two phases. The first phase will focus on measure development using established methods of construct validity (theoretical review, Delphi methods for expert review, cognitive interviewing). The second phase will involve gathering responses from the developed survey to examine scale psychometrics using Rasch analyses, change sensitivity analyses, and associations between research use exposure and conceptual research use among juvenile court leaders. We will recruit juvenile court leaders (judges, administrators, managers, supervisors) from 80 juvenile court jurisdictions with an anticipated sample size of n = 520 respondents. The study will introduce a new measurement tool for the field that will advance implementation science methods for the study of behavioral health research evidence use in complex policy and decision-making interventions. To date, there are few validated survey measures of conceptual research use and no measures that are validated for measuring change in conceptual frameworks over time among agency leaders. While the study is most directly related to leaders in the youth criminal-legal system, the findings are expected to be informative for research focused on leadership and decision-making in diverse fields.
Fluorescence Imaging-Based Discovery of Membrane Domain-Associated Proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Abstract Mycobacteria spatially organize their plasma membrane, and many enzymes involved in envelope biosynthesis associate with a membrane compartment termed the intracellular membrane domain (IMD). The IMD is concentrated in the polar regions of growing cells and becomes less polarized under non-growing conditions. Because mycobacteria elongate from the poles, the observed polar localization of the IMD during growth likely supports the localized envelope biosynthesis. While we have identified more than 300 IMD-associated proteins by proteomic analyses, only a handful of these have been verified by other experimental methods. Furthermore, we speculate that some IMD-associated proteins may have escaped proteomic identification and remain to be identified. Here, we visually screened an arrayed library of 523 Mycobacterium smegmatis strains each expressing a Dendra2-FLAG-tagged recombinant protein. We identified 29 fusion proteins that showed fluorescence patterns similar to those of IMD proteins and, consistent with this co-localization, we had previously identified 20 of these using a proteomics approach. Of the nine remaining IMD candidate proteins, three were confirmed to be associated with the IMD while some others appear to be lipid droplet-associated. Taken together, our newly devised strategy is effective in verifying the IMD association of proteins found by proteomic analyses, while facilitating the discovery of additional IMD-associated proteins. Importance The intracellular membrane domain (IMD) is a membrane subcompartment found in Mycobacterium smegmatis cells. Proteomic analysis of purified IMD identified more than 300 proteins, including enzymes involved in cell envelope biosynthesis, that likely contribute to the function of the IMD. How can we find more IMD-associated proteins that escaped proteomic detection? Here, as an alternative approach, fluorescence microscope images of 523 proteins were screened to identify IMD-associated proteins. We confirmed the IMD association of previously identified proteins and discovered three additional proteins associated with the IMD. Together, subcellular fractionation, proteomics, and fluorescence microscopy form a robust combination to more rigorously define IMD proteins, which will aid future investigations to decipher the synthesis, maintenance and functions of this membrane domain.
Update in Cardiology

This Update in Cardiology features 11 articles published in 2006. Topics include ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation and arrhythmias, and cardiovascular drugs.
Increasing fisheries harvest with MPAs: Leaving South and Southeast Asia behind.

Cabral et al. (1) estimate that putting 5 to 90% of the global oceans in no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) could increase global marine capture food production by 20%. Their model assumes that closing a portion of a stocks range can increase yield if stocks are subject to overfishing, but yield for a stock will necessarily be reduced by any closed areas if it is not subject to overfishing. They also use a previous paper (2) to estimate the status of stocks in 2050 under what is called the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. This scenario estimates that the maximum sustainable yield for the 7,845 stocks analyzed was 76.6 … [↵][1]1Email: hilbornr{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Immediate and long-term effects of invasive plant species on soil characteristics

Invasive plant species may alter soil characteristics or interact with the soil microbial community resulting in a competitive advantage. Our objectives were to determine: i) if invasive plant species alter soil properties; and ii) the long-term effects of invasive plant species on soil properties and subsequent implications on ecological restoration efforts. We focused on Lespedeza cuneata, a plant that may be allelopathic. Soil samples were collected from four locations in Central Missouri, USA: an old-field with abundant L. cuneata, two reconstructed sites, and a remnant prairie that has never been plowed. Soil health indictors were used to characterize soil properties at these sites. Nearly every soil property differed significantly between the unplowed prairie reference site and the other three sites. The reconstructed sites, however, generally did not differ from the invaded old-field. These results indicate that the reconstructed prairies are not fully recovered. Although above-ground traits, such as the plant community structure, appear similar to the prairie, the soil microbial community structure still resembles that of an invaded old-field site. These results indicate that more time may be needed before soil microbial populations fully recover after invasive plant removal.
Photocuring-while-writing: A 3D printing strategy to build free space structure and freeform surface texture

Abstract Parts are fabricated layer-by-layer in most three-dimensional (3D) printing methods. Such a layer-based approach brings obstacles to fabricate layer-sensitive objects, such as space structures and surface textures. We present a photocuring-while-writing strategy for 3D printing. A nozzle is used to extrude photocurable material, and a laser is used to dynamically solidify the newly extruded materials instantly into desired features. Two scanning galvo mirrors control the laser spot based on a developed mathematical model. As a proof of concept, we successfully built free-standing structures and surface textures. The developed strategy may shed light on fabricating conformal features, free-standing scaffolds, and multi-material textures.
Self-tuning database systems: past, present and future

Although the goal of making database systems self-tuning remains elusive, there has been progress in this field in specific areas.We review some of these advances and also comment on directions that appear to be promising. In our view, the current architecture of the database systems makes building self-tuning database systems especially challenging. Therefore, it may be worth rethinking some of the key aspects of today’s systems. Finally, we share our thoughts on opportunities and open issues, both in the context of self-tuning database systems, and the database field at large.
HELPING INTERNATIONAL TEACHING ASSISTANTS ACQUIRE DISCOURSE INTONATION: EXPLICIT AND IMPLICITL2 KNOWLEDGE

This study explored a theoretically-driven permutation of an intervention designed to improve ITAs’ spoken Discourse Intonation (DI). The object was to learn if implicit knowledge growth in DI could be found as the result of an experimental group participating in explicit instruction and in audio-assisted repeated reading treatments using twice-weekly easy, popular science texts for 14 weeks. In a read-aloud condition where speech processing burdens were reduced, both an experimental and control group (who received explicit instruction only) improved over time on speech rate, planning pauses versus hesitation pauses, prominence, tone choices, and length of tone choice pause groups. In a free-response task where processing burdens were increased, however, there was little evidence of change in implicit knowledge of DI for the experimental group. One positive thing was learned: Explicit DI instruction did not reduce participants’ speech rate and thus participants could focus on form as well as meaning in extended speech. Explicit DI instruction, where form is linked to meaning, is worthwhile in that explicit knowledge may become proceduralized and available for learners’ extemporaneous use. Implicit knowledge building in DI, while difficult to demonstrate, may still be worthwhile if it builds learners’ knowledge of vocabulary (to improve prominence) and builds their experience hearing DI features linked to meaning within extended texts
Hybrid simulation of continuous-discrete systems

Abstract Many process models in the chemical industry involve discrete phenomena superimposed on continuous system dynamics. While the continuous behavior is described by mass, energy and momentum balances, discrete behavior may occur due to physico-chemical discontinuities or discrete logical controller actions. Such systems with interaction between the continuous and discrete system dynamics are classified as Hybrid Systems . For these systems, standard numerical treatment via “continuous” integration methods break down. Equally, discrete simulation e.g. finite state machine cannot handle the continuous dynamics. Hence, a new mathematical framework capable of handling both continuous and discrete aspects of hybrid systems is needed. This paper presents a new environment for modeling and simulation of hybrid systems. It offers a high-livel design language for the automatic or semi-automatic generation of the process models. The efficacy of the simulation language is demonstrated by means of continous-discrete implementation of a Dynamic Matrix Control strategy.
Changing Our Brains: Transforming a Traditional View of Scholarship and Teaching

The purpose of this essay is to capture, in its earliest stages, the influence that formal recognition of Boyer’s multiple domains of scholarship within faculty evaluation standards had on a select group of colleagues within a disciplinary diverse academic unit at a midsized, comprehensive university. A process is described whereby the combination of a book discussion group, a newly approved faculty contract recognizing Boyer’s multiple domains, and a genuine commitment from a disciplinary diverse group of colleagues to the academic mission of the unit, resulted in a transformation in attitudes toward scholarship and teaching. Scholarship of teaching and learning was viewed as the key element leading to the formation of a team approach to a scholarship of teaching and learning project within a group that had traditionally pursued research separate from instruction, and individually rather than collectively.
“Doing Mathematics” from the Learners’ Perspectives

The previous chapters focused on aspects of the cognitive development of the students in the longitudinal study. The present chapter looks into the epistemological growth of the students. During the longitudinal study, individual clinical interviews were conducted with the students with the goal of capturing the mathematical beliefs that the students might have developed in connection with their experiences in the longitudinal study.
Gender and Migration: Integrating Feminist Theory into Migration Studies

In approximately three decades, gender and migration scholarship has moved from a few studies that included women immigrants or included gender as a dichotomous variable to a burgeoning literature that has made significant contributions to understanding numerous aspects of the migration experience. The larger field of migration studies, however, has not yet fully embraced feminist migration analysis and theory. In this article, I describe the development of gender and migration research and its theoretical underpinnings. Afterward, I highlight the key contributions that feminist migration scholars have made to our knowledge of labor migration, migrant families and social networks, transnationalism and citizenship, sex trafficking, and sexuality. Considering these important contributions, I explore the reasons why feminist migration research still lies largely outside the mainstream of the broader field and how it might achieve better integration.
Biological and Environmental Predictors of Behavioral Sequelae in Children Born Preterm

OBJECTIVE By using behavioral outcome measures of children who were born preterm, we evaluated differences between children who were born at term and children who were born at extremely low (ELBW; <1000 g) and very low birth weights (VLBW; 1000 –1499 g) and assessed the relationship of birth weight, socioeconomic status, and cognitive ability to behavioral outcome.
Metabolism of (+)-trans-benzo[a]mpyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver homogenates

Using a new sensitive reverse-phase HPLC assay with on-line radioactivity detector, metabolism of (+)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (B[a]P diol) to the ultimate carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (B[a]PDE) was studied using 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver homogenates. The results demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of B[a]PDE formation is a function of the concentration of the cellular constituents in the incubation media. At more dilute concentrations of the homogenate, the ratio of anti- to syn-B[a]PDE was the highest and decreased as the homogenate protein was increased in the incubation medium. However, there was a marked and parallel decrease of free B[a]PDE and DNA-bound radioactivity with increasing concentrations of cellular constituents in the incubation medium. The decreased DNA-bound radioactivity appears to be due to the preferential binding of B[a]PDE to glutathione and to proteins as the homogenate concentration was increased in the incubation media. These results indicate that liver homogenates, while apparently preserving the function of microsomes, present additional opportunities to study the interrelationship among cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity, water-soluble conjugates, and binding of B[a]P diol metabolites to macromolecules in the study of benzo[a]pyrene-induced carcinogenesis.
Calcium ion-dependent proliferation of L1210 cells in culture.

Abstract Maximum growth of L1210 cells in culture required the presence of free extracellular calcium ions. Reducing the free extracellular calcium ion concentration with EGTA served to decrease the growth rate of the cells. The decrease in cell growth was not due to cell death but rather due to the “pile-up” of the L1210 cells in the GO/G1 phase of the cell cycle. With the readdition of excess calcium ions, there was a lag period of 3 to 6 hours before the L1210 cells initiated DNA synthesis or transited from the GO/G1 phase to S-phase. Cells enriched for S and G2/M phases by elutriation and which were incubated in EGTA-containing culture medium, continued through the cell cycle and were blocked in GO/G1. These data indicate that the proliferation of L1210 cells in culture requires a calcium ion-dependent process to allow movement from the GO/G1 to S-phase of the cell cycle.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Up-regulation via p21-activated Kinase-1 Signaling Regulates Heregulin-β1-mediated Angiogenesis

Heregulin-β1 promotes the activation of p21-activated kinase 1 (Pak1) and the motility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. In this study, we identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a gene product induced by heregulin-β1. The stimulation by heregulin-β1 of breast cancer epithelial cells induced the expression of the VEGF mRNA and protein and its promoter activity. Heregulin-β1 also stimulated angiogenesis in a VEGF-dependent manner. Herceptin, an anti-HER2 antibody inhibited heregulin-β1-mediated stimulation of both VEGF expression in epithelial cells and angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Because the activation of Pak1 and VEGF expression are positively regulated by heregulin-β1, we hypothesized that Pak1 regulates VEGF expression, and hence explored the role of Pak1 in angiogenesis. We provide new evidence to implicate Pak1 signaling in VEGF expression. Overexpression of a kinase-dead K299R Pak1 leads to suppression of VEGF promoter activity, as well as VEGF mRNA expression and secretion of VEGF protein. Conversely, kinase-active T423E Pak1 promotes the expression and secretion of VEGF. Furthermore, expression of the heregulin-β1 transgene, HRG, in harderian tumors in mice enhances the activation of Pak1 as well as expression of VEGF and angiogenic marker CD34 antigen. These results suggest that heregulin-β1 regulates angiogenesis via up-regulation of VEGF expression and that Pak1 plays an important role in controlling VEGF expression and, consequently, VEGF secretion and function.
The Arabidopsis cinnamoyl CoA reductase irx4 mutant has a delayed but coherent (normal) program of lignification

Previous studies have indicated that the Arabidopsis thalianairregular xylem 4 (irx4) mutant is severely lignin-deficient, forming abnormal lignin from aberrant monomers. Studies of lignin structure in dwarfed cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR)-downregulated tobacco were also previously reported to incorporate feruloyl tyramine derivatives. The lignin in the Arabidopsis irx4 mutant was re-investigated at 6 weeks and at maturation (9 weeks). Application of (1)H, (13)C, 2D Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence and 2D Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Coherence spectroscopic analyses to the lignin-enriched isolates from both Arabidopsis wild-type (Ler) and the CCR-irx4 mutant at both developmental stages revealed that only typical guaiacyl/syringyl lignins were formed. For the irx4 mutant, the syringyl content at 6 weeks growth was lower, in accordance with a delayed but coherent program of lignification. At maturation, however, the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of the irx4 mutant approached that of wild-type. There was no evidence for feruloyl tyramines, or homologues thereof, accumulating as a chemical signature in lignins resulting from CCR mutation. Nor were there any noticeable increases in other phenolic components, such as hydroxycinnamic acids. These findings were further confirmed by application of thioacidolysis, alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation and acetyl bromide analyses. Moreover, in the case of CCR downregulation in tobacco, there were no NMR spectroscopic correlations that demonstrated feruloyl tyramines being incorporated into the lignin biopolymers. This study thus found no evidence that abnormal lignin formation occurs when CCR activity is modulated.
Hip Fracture Prevention in Postmenopausal Women

Hip fracture is a devastating outcome associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. This fracture causes considerable pain, disability, diminished quality of life, and mortality. Although bone loss is an important factor associated with hip fracture, there are other demographic and clinical factors s
Predicted electronic properties of cubic Si3N4

Abstract We performed ab initio calculations to predict the electronic and related properties of the newly reported cubic phase of silicon nitride (c-Si 3 N 4 ). We know of no experimental measurements of the electronic properties, band gap, and bulk modulus of this material. We utilized a local-density-functional potential, the linear combination of atomic orbital formalism, and the Bagayoko–Zhao–Williams procedure. The calculated band gap and bulk modulus are 3.68 eV and 330 GPa.
Modular and generic programming with interpreterlib

Modular monadic semantics (MMS) is a well-known technique for structuring modular denotational semantic definitions. Families of language constructs are independently defined using syntactic functors and semantic algebras that can be combined in a mix-and-match fashion to create complete language definitions. We introduce InterpreterLib, a Haskell library that implements and extends MMS techniques for writing composable analyses. In addition to modular analyses composition, InterpreterLib provides algebra combinators, explicit algebra semantics, preprocessors for boiler plate generation and generic programming techniques adapted to language analysis. The key benefits of these features are reliability, increased code reuse via modularity and the ability to rapidly retarget component analyses.
A 1 KW Pulsed amplifier using MESFET, LDMOS and Bipolar transistors at 2856 MHz

The 1 Kilo-Watt Amplifier Pulsed amplifier has been designed and tested for driving a Klystron power amplifier. The amplifier consists of a Class A multistage, single ended pre-driver using commercially available MESFET devices and consists of bias sequencing and voltage regulation. The 30 dB gain Amplifier operates from a single supply. The pre-driver is followed by a 50 Watt GaN single stage amplifier that is biased at a very low current Class AB mode. The power amplifier output stage has been designed using both Bipolar and LDMOS transistors. A four way Gysel power splitter / combiner is used to combine four Class C Bipolar pre-matched transistors capable of producing a pulsed power output in excess of 250W each with a duty cycle of 1%. A second power amplifier stage utilizes eight LDMOS transistors which are combined using commercial-off the shelf hybrids has also been made with the same foot print. The complete amplifier, either with the Bipolar or LDMOS transistors, has delivered in excess of 1 KW of pulsed power at 2856 MHz with a pulse rise time of better than 100nsec. This paper presents the design and measurements of the amplifier.
Multi-frame underwater image restoration

Ability to image underwater is highly desired for scientific and military applications, including optical communications, submarine awareness, diver visibility, and mine detection. Underwater imaging is severely impaired by scattering and optical turbulence associated with refraction index fluctuations. This work introduces novel approach to restoration of degraded underwater imagery based on multi-frame correction technique developed for atmospheric distortions. The method represents synthesis of "lucky-region" fusion and optical flow based image warping. Developed multi-frame image restoration algorithm is applied to sets of images collected in laboratory under controlled conditions as well as field test data. Reliance of image restoration on sophistication of the optical flow algorithm is shown. Variable degrees of image degradation mitigation which manifest themselves as high spatial frequency content recovery are demonstrated depending on imaging conditions and ratio of typical image spatial frequency scale to typical degradation spatial frequency scale.
THE TRANSFER STATUS OF “NON‐TRANSFER” STUDENTS

This study, conducted by the Foothill‐De Anza Community College District in California, examined the college‐related experiences of 1980 high school graduates who entered higher education in one of six San Francisco Bay area community colleges on a full‐time basis in the fall of 1980 and were still enrolled in the college of origin in the fall of 1984. Researchers interviewed almost half the total population of such students. The study initially presumed that these students were “non‐transfers.” Unexpectedly, 28% of the students had already transferred to a four‐year school but were still taking classes at their original community college. Half of the students who had already transferred were concurrently enrolled in a four‐year state college as well as the community college. Thus, the label “non‐transfer student” is a misnomer for almost a third of the students remaining in two‐year colleges four years after their initial entry as full‐time students. For these students, transfer is not an either/or, once...
Search for a Moving Target: The FAB Algorithm

We propose and study an iterative Forward And Backward FAB algorithm applicable to the problem of computing optimal search plans when the target's motion is modeled by a discrete space and time Markov chain. This paper generalizes the class of objective functions to which the method applies.
A critical review of the discovery and application of a migratory pheromone in an invasive fish, the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus L.

The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, an ancient and parasitic agnathan fish native to the North Atlantic, invaded the Laurentian Great Lakes approximately a century ago triggering its fisheries to collapse. Presently, this species is held in check through a toxicant-based control programme directed by a bi-national treaty organization that seeks to develop a more broadly based integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. After a long and difficult search, the most active components of a migratory pheromone for the sea lamprey were identified and synthesized. This pheromone has remarkable potency and considerable potential to enhance various control strategies that fall within an IPM scheme. The pheromone is comprised of a mixture of at least three sulphated steroids: petromyzonamine disulphate (PADS), petromyzosterol disulphate (PSDS) and petromyzonol sulphate (PS). A steroidal sex pheromone appears to have similar promise. These discoveries, which are prompting development of the first pheromonally guided pest management programme for an invasive fish, have revealed significant scientific and policy challenges. Among the former are the needs to acquire long-term and significant support for the science, to synthesize sufficient quantities of cues, and to deploy and measure pheromonal components in natural waters. Among the latter are the needs to regulate this new type of ‘pesticide’, protect these technologies from exploitation and promote future research on this and other invasive fish species. Lessons from these experiences may be applicable to the study of other invasive fishes.