cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beam–beam dynamics in an electron–ion collider with detector-integrated dipole

Abstract To maximize luminosity in a collider, low- β quadrupoles need to be installed as close as possible to the interaction point (IP), where beams are focussed to small spot sizes. In an asymmetric collider such as an asymmetric B-factory [An Asymmetric B Factory Based on PEP: Conceptual Design Report, SLAC-0372 [1] ; KEKB B-Factory Design Report, KEK Report 95-7 [2] ] or an electron–ion collider [Hera—A Proposal for a Large Electron Proton Colliding Beam Facility at DESY, DESY HERA 81-10 [3] ; M. Farkhondeh, V. Ptitsyn (Eds.), eRHIC Zeroth Order Design Report, BNL Note C-A/AP/142; L. Merminga, Y. Derbenev, ELIC: an electron-light ion collider at CEBAF, ICFA Beam Dynamics Newsletter No. 30, 2003, p. 22; J.B. Dainton, M. Klein, P. Newman, E. Perez, F. Willeke, Deep Inelastic Electron–Nucleon Scattering at the LHC, DESY 06-006, and Cockcroft-06-04], beams of different energy are brought into collision at the IP. The energy difference requires separate focusing systems for the two beams. Placing regular separator dipoles between the IP and the focussing system either reduces the available space for the detector and therefore the detector acceptance or forces the low- β quads to be placed further away from the IP, resulting in reduced luminosity. Combining the separation and focusing functions of the innermost elements by using off-center quadrupoles and/or additional dipole coils on superconducting low- β quadrupoles ameliorates the problem somewhat. However, even in this case the separation occurs rather far away from the interaction point, leading to a large width of the synchrotron radiation fan generated by the deflection of the lower-energy electron or positron beam. To overcome these limitations in the eRHIC design, we have proposed integration of dipole coils in the (superconducting) detector solenoid [C. Montag, et al., Interaction region design for the electron–ion collider eRHIC, in: Proceedings of the PAC 2005, 2005], a concept that had originally been proposed for the Linear Collider detector solenoid [B. Parker, A. Seryi, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8 (2005) 041001]. This results in a curved trajectory of the lower-energy electron beam across the interaction point, and therefore in a considerable transverse offset of the head and tail of the long ion bunches with respect to the (short) electron bunches. This paper examines beam dynamics issues arising from the collision of a long high-energy ion beam with a lower-energy electron beam on a trajectory curved by the detector-integrated dipole.
Decoupling in nonperturbative background fields: The thermal sphaleron.

Standard decoupling of heavy fermions may fail when there are nonperturbative variations in a scalar field which gives masses to the fermions. One situation of phenomenological relevance is the case of sphalerons in the presence of external fermions at finite temperatures. The free energy of a simple model is determined using a nonperturbative technique to study the effect of fermions on the scalar field. The effects of quantum and thermal fermion fluctuations on the free energy of the sphaleron are calculated, including all orders in gradients of the scalar field.
The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex has a specific role in the activation of Chk1 in response to stalled replication forks

The activation of Chk1 in response to stalled replication forks in Xenopus egg extracts involves a complex pathway containing ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1 (TopBP1), Rad17, the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) complex, and Claspin. We have observed that egg extracts lacking the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex show greatly, although not completely, reduced activation of Chk1 in response to replication blockages. Depletion of both Rad17 and MRN leads to a further, essentially complete, reduction in the activation of Chk1. Thus, Rad17 and MRN act in at least a partially additive manner in promoting activation of Chk1. There was not an obvious change in the binding of RPA, ATR, Rad17, or the 9-1-1 complex to chromatin in aphidicolin (APH)-treated, MRN-depleted extracts. However, there was a substantial reduction in the binding of TopBP1. In structure–function studies of the MRN complex, we found that the Mre11 subunit is necessary for the APH-induced activation of Chk1. Moreover, a nuclease-deficient mutant of Mre11 cannot substitute for wild-type Mre11 in this process. These results indicate that the MRN complex, in particular the nuclease activity of Mre11, plays an important role in the activation of Chk1 in response to stalled replication forks. These studies reveal a previously unknown property of the MRN complex in genomic stability.
Continuity and Change in Play Styles as a Function of Sex of Child

To look at continuity and change in play, children were observed in a natural setting using an observation schedule which allowed for coding the children's behavior and reactions to that behavior by others in the environment. The behavior scores were factor analyzed with six factors (play styles) resulting. The present paper discusses a group of sixty-seven boys and girls who entered the play groups between eighteen and twenty-four months of age and who remained with the groups for the period of at least one year. Children who were high and low on each factor upon entry to the groups are examined in detail. Changes in play styles over the period of a year were predictable from peer and teacher reactions. In particular, the male peer group was extremely effective in shaping male sex-typical behavior even when the boys entered the play group with other styles of play.
Co-Evolution in the Successful Learning of Backgammon Strategy

Following Tesauro‘s work on TD-Gammon, we used a 4,000 parameter feedforward neural network to develop a competitive backgammon evaluation function. Play proceeds by a roll of the dice, application of the network to all legal moves, and selection of the position with the highest evaluation. However, no backpropagation, reinforcement or temporal difference learning methods were employed. Instead we apply simple hillclimbing in a relative fitness environment. We start with an initial champion of all zero weights and proceed simply by playing the current champion network against a slightly mutated challenger and changing weights if the challenger wins. Surprisingly, this worked rather well. We investigate how the peculiar dynamics of this domain enabled a previously discarded weak method to succeed, by preventing suboptimal equilibria in a “meta-game” of self-learning.
The Way They Speak: A Social Psychological Perspective on the Stigma of Nonnative Accents in Communication

The present review seeks to bridge research on accents, stigma, and communication by examining the empirical literature on nonnative accents, considering the perspectives of both speakers and listeners. The authors suggest that an accent, or one’s manner of pronunciation, differs from other types of stigma. They consider the role of communicative processes in the manner in which accents influence people and identify social and contextual factors related to accents that affect the speaker, the listener, and the interaction between them. The authors propose a framework of stigma of accents and possible future avenues of research to examine the social psychological and communicative effects of accents. They also discuss implications for stigma of other types of accents (e.g., other native, regional, and ethnic). Understanding how stigma of accents and communication affect each other provides a new theoretical approach to studying this type of stigma and can eventually lead to interventions.
Precise relative earthquake magnitudes from cross correlation

Abstract We present a method to estimate precise relative magnitudes using cross correlation of seismic waveforms. Our method incorporates the intercorrelation of all events in a group of earthquakes, as opposed to individual event pairings relative to a reference event. This method works well when a reliable reference event does not exist. We illustrate the method using vertical strike‐slip earthquakes located in the northeast Pacific and Panama fracture zone regions. Our results are generally consistent with the Global Centroid Moment Tensor catalog, which we use to establish a baseline for the relative event sizes. Online Material: Supplementary description and formulation of uncertainty, and tables of relative magnitudes.
Some general considerations of reversible chemical reactions in batch and tubular reactors

The possibility of change in the algebraic sign of the net reaction rate of a single reversible reaction occurring in adiabatic or non-adibatic batch and tubular reactors is investigated. This change is shown not to occur for adiabatic reactors; it may depending on the operating conditions and the system parameters for non-adiabatic reactors. These and the related aspects of approach to system equilibrium are analyzed by an examination of the mathematical models describing these chemical reactors. Important results are summarized throughout the paper as Conclusions 1 - 10. The results have direct applications in reactor design and operation. From a practical point of view it means that yield may be reduced in some cases by allowing too long a residence time even for a single reaction. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.
Language and gender in Congressional speech

This study draws from a large corpus of Congressional speeches from the 101st to the 110th Congress (1989–2008), to examine gender differences in language use in a setting of political debates. Female legislators’ speeches demonstrated characteristics of both a feminine language style (e.g. more use of emotion words, fewer articles) and a masculine one (e.g. more nouns and long words, fewer personal pronouns). A trend analysis found that these gender differences have consistently existed in the Congressional speeches over the past 20 years, regardless of the topic of debate. The findings lend support to the argument that gender differences in language use persist in professional settings like the floor of Congress.
Canyon wrens alter their songs in response to territorial challenges

Many animals use low frequency and harsh sounds in aggressive contexts. Low frequencies are correlated with body size in some species, and thus can provide an indication of fighting ability. Because of this, low frequencies and harsh sounds may also indicate aggressive intent and motivation to attack. We tested for facultative adjustment of vocal behaviour in canyon wrens, Catherpes mexicanus, by using playbacks to simulate territorial intrusions. Thirteen territory-holding wrens were exposed to playback of typical conspecific songs which did not include harsh elements. Territory holders increased song rate in response to simulated intrusions, altered song type usage and altered some song sound frequency parameters. Birds singing in response to playbacks did not adjust the highest frequencies or the frequencies with maximum power in their songs, but they significantly lowered the lowest song frequencies and were more likely to append harsh notes to the ends of their songs. Results match predictions of the motivation-structural hypothesis, and suggest that canyon wrens alter their songs in multiple ways when faced with conspecific territorial intrusion.
Experimental designs for identifying causal mechanisms

Summary. Experimentation is a powerful methodology that enables scientists to establish causal claims empirically. However, one important criticism is that experiments merely provide a black box view of causality and fail to identify causal mechanisms. Specifically, critics argue that, although experiments can identify average causal effects, they cannot explain the process through which such effects come about. If true, this represents a serious limitation of experimentation, especially for social and medical science research that strives to identify causal mechanisms. We consider several experimental designs that help to identify average natural indirect effects. Some of these designs require the perfect manipulation of an intermediate variable, whereas others can be used even when only imperfect manipulation is possible. We use recent social science experiments to illustrate the key ideas that underlie each of the designs proposed.
Sharp anisotropic estimates for the Boltzmann collision operator and its entropy production

Abstract This article provides sharp constructive upper and lower bound estimates for the Boltzmann collision operator with the full range of physical non-cut-off collision kernels ( γ > − n and s ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) ) in the trilinear L 2 ( R n ) energy 〈 Q ( g , f ) , f 〉 . These new estimates prove that, for a very general class of g ( v ) , the global diffusive behavior (on f) in the energy space is that of the geometric fractional derivative semi-norm identified in the linearized context in our earlier works (Gressman and Strain, 2010 [15] , 2011 [16] ). We further prove new global entropy production estimates with the same anisotropic semi-norm. This resolves the longstanding, widespread heuristic conjecture about the sharp diffusive nature of the non-cut-off Boltzmann collision operator in the energy space L 2 ( R n ) .
Acute combined posterior cruciate and posterolateral instability of the knee

This report concerns 13 consecutive patients (13 knees) who underwent operative treatment for acute combined posterior cruciate and posterolateral instabil ity due to combined injury to the posterior cruciate ligament and the arcuate ligament complex. Our pur pose was to examine the method of diagnosis and the results in these patients. There were 12 males and 1 female (average age, 26 years). Five patients were injured in a motor vehicle accident, four in sports activ ities, and four in nonsports activities. The mechanism of injury was an anteromedial blow to the flexed knee in six patients, a fall onto the knee in two, and unknown in five patients. Eleven patients were available for fol low-up evaluation (average, 56 months), and in each the result was rated as good, fair, or poor. In 10 patients (90%) the results were rated as good subjectively, in 11 (100%) as good functionally, and in 8 (73%) as good objectively. Injury to both the posterior cruciate liga ment and the arcuate ligament complex can res...
Development of an acoustic telemetry tag for monitoring electromyograms in free-swimming fish

We report the development of an acoustic telemetry tag used to monitor electromyograms (EMGs) remotely from free-swimming marine fish. The device described amplifies and filters the EMG and then converts the electrical waveform into a frequency-modulated acoustic signal that is transmitted through water. The signal is then received, demodulated and recorded by the receiving system. The EMG tag described has been tested on a range of species, including toadfish Opsanus tau, spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares and eastern Pacific bonito Sarda chiliensis, in different tank environments. In certain tanks the fidelity with which the system replicates the EMG is sufficient to quantify accurately the onset, offset, duration, the integrated area under the absolute value of the signal and the number of signal zero crossings. This EMG tag will expand the scope of questions that can be addressed about the behavior and physiology of free-swimming fish. Summary
Software-based weighted random testing for IP cores in bus-based programmable SoCs

Presents a software-based weighted random pattern scheme for testing delay faults in IP cores of programmable SoCs. We describe a method for determining static and transition probabilities (profiles) at the inputs of circuits with full-scan using testability metrics based on the targeted fault model, We use a genetic algorithm (GA) based search procedure to determine optimal profiles. We use these optimal profiles to generate a test program that runs on the processor core. This program applies test patterns to the target IP cores in the SoC and analyzes the test responses. This provides the flexibility of applying multiple profiles to the IP core under test to maximize fault coverage. This scheme does not incur the hardware overhead of logic BIST, since the pattern generation and analysis is done by software. We use a probabilistic approach to finding the profiles. We describe our method on transition and path-delay fault models, for both enhanced full-scan and normal full-scan circuits. We present experimental results using the ISCAS 89 benchmarks as IP cores.
A Petri net semantics for logic programs with negation

An extended Petri net is used to model function-free logic programs with negation, i.e. normal logic programs. In this model, because of the presence of inhibitor arcs, the arbitrary application of firing rules may cause a contradictory situation. The authors suggest two directions to avoid contradictions, greedy and secure application of firing rules. Secure application is a direct translation of the well-founded semantics in the net model. Furthermore, the authors show that an unfounded set corresponds to a siphon in Petri net theory when one deletes the transitions disabled by the secure application of firing rules, and that the property of siphons simplifies the computation of well-founded semantics for logic programs. >
An Empirical Model of Optimal Dynamic Product Launch and Exit Under Demand Uncertainty

This paper considers the decision problem of a firm that is uncertain about the demand, and hence profitability, of a new product. We develop a model of a decision maker who sequentially learns about the true product profitability from observed product sales. Based on the current information, the decision maker decides whether to scrap the product. Central to this decision problem are sequential information gathering, and the option value of scrapping the product at any point in time. The model predicts the optimal demand for information e.g., in the form of test marketing, and it predicts how the launch or exit policy depends on the firm's demand uncertainty. Furthermore, it predicts what fraction of newly developed products should be launched on average, and what fraction of these products will “fail,” i.e., exit. The model is solved using numerical dynamic programming techniques. We present an application of the model to the case of the U.S. ready-to-eat breakfast cereal industry. Simulations show that the value of reducing uncertainty can be large, and that under higher uncertainty firms should strongly increase the fraction of all new product opportunities launched, even if their point estimate of profits is negative. Alternative, simpler decision rules are shown to lead to large profit losses compared to our method. Finally, we find that the high observed exit rate in the U.S. ready-to-eat cereal industry is optimal and to be expected based on our model.
Are judicial status hearings a “key component” of drug court?: Six and twelve months outcomes

Abstract Substantial evidence indicates that drug courts can be superior to traditional probation programs for enhancing treatment retention and reducing substance use and crime among drug offenders. Few studies have isolated the effects of the hypothesized “key components” of drug courts to determine their contributions to outcomes. This article presents outcomes at 6 and 12 months post-admission for misdemeanor drug court clients who were randomly assigned to different dosages of judicial status hearings. Although earlier work [Festinger, D.S., Marlowe, D.B., Lee, P.A., Kirby, K.C., Bovasso, G., McLellan, A.T., 2002. Status hearings in drug court: when more is less and less is more. Drug Alcohol Depend. 68, 151–157] revealed superior during-treatment effects for high-risk participants who were assigned to more frequent bi-weekly hearings, those effects did not extend post-treatment. The results did reveal significant pre-to-post improvements for participants, as a whole, in self-reported drug use, alcohol use, and criminal recidivism; however, lacking a no-drug court control condition, it is not possible to discern the magnitude of the effect of the drug court program. Approximately, half of the participants resumed drug or alcohol use within 12 months of admission to drug court, and approximately 10–15% resumed illegal activities. These findings lend credence to the potential effectiveness of drug courts; however, continuing-care strategies are required to extend the effects of drug courts beyond the initial active phases of the program.
Experience report: How do bug characteristics differ across severity classes: A multi-platform study

Bugs of different severities have so far been put into the same category, but their characteristics differ significantly. Moreover, the nature of issues with the same severity, e.g., high, differs markedly between desktops and smartphones. To understand these differences, we perform an empirical study on 72 Android and desktop projects. We first define three bug severity classes: high, medium, and low. Next, we study how severity changes and quantify differences between classes in terms of bug-fixing attributes. Then, we focus on topic differences: using LDA, we extract topics associated with each severity class, and study how these topics differ across classes, platforms, and over time. Our findings include: severity and priority affect bug fixing time; medium-severity contributors are more experienced than high-severity contributors; and there have been more concurrency and cloud-related high-severity bugs on desktop since 2009, while on Android concurrency bugs are prevalent.
Negotiating the Wind: A Framework to Engage Citizens in Siting Wind Turbines

Electricity generated from wind turbines must be a central part of any renewable energy regime. The build out of any wind energy infrastructure policy relies on facility siting decisions at the local and state level. Local opposition in some areas has created an implementation impasse that is best addressed from a systematic perspective, recognizing that citizens play a central role in making significant land use decisions. Through this article, the author explores the nature of citizen opposition to locally unwanted land uses like wind turbines and proposes a suite of collaborative mechanisms to address concerns through effective citizen engagement in policy development and during local siting decisions. The author proposes a federal structure that provides incentives to encourage collaborative governance at the state and local level. The framework leaves state siting structures in place and provides resources to improve decision-making processes and the outcomes. By involving citizens effectively at the policy and siting level, the hope is that wind turbine siting decisions will be more effective. Instead of encouraging divisions among the levels of government, this model builds on their strengths and supports their weaknesses.
Expression patterns of transmembrane and released forms of neuregulin during spinal cord and neuromuscular synapse development

We mapped the distribution of neuregulin and its transmembrane precursor in developing, embryonic chick and mouse spinal cord. Neuregulin mRNA and protein were expressed in motor and sensory neurons shortly after their birth and levels steadily increased during development. Expression of the neuregulin precursor was highest in motor and sensory neuron cell bodies and axons, while soluble, released neuregulin accumulated along early motor and sensory axons, radial glia, spinal axonal tracts and neuroepithelial cells through associations with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Neuregulin accumulation in the synaptic basal lamina of neuromuscular junctions occurred significantly later, coincident with a reorganization of muscle extracellular matrix resulting in a relative concentration of heparan sulfate proteoglycans at endplates. These results demonstrate an early axonal presence of neuregulin and its transmembrane precursor at developing synapses and a role for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in regulating the temporal and spatial sites of soluble neuregulin accumulation during development.
Evaluation of lysine-urea-glutamate derivatives that contain closo-decaborate(2-) moieties for targeting astatine-211 to metastatic prostate cancer

1048 Objectives The objective was to prepare 3 compounds of varying MW, containing lysine-urea-glutamate and closo-decaborate(2-) moieties, for evaluation of targeting to C4-2B prostate cancer xenografts in SCID mice. Methods Compound 1a (1602Da), containing a lysine-urea-glutamate (lys-U-glu) moiety with dPEG linker, a closo-decaborate(2-) (B10) moiety with dPEG linker and a N-acetyl-lysine moiety, was synthesized. Compound 2a (1301Da), having the same structure as 1a without lys-U-glu, was synthesized as a control. Compounds 3a (4756Da) & 4a (9911Da), containing 4 or 8 lys-U-glu and B10 moieties, was synthesized using either PAMAM gen. 0 or gen. 1 as core structures. The lys-U-glu-containing compounds and the control compound were labeled with 125I or 131I so dual-label biodistribution studies could be conducted. Admixtures of [131I]1b/[125I]2b or [125I]3b/[131I]4b were injected into SCID mice bearing C4-2B xenografts, and biodistributions were determined at 1 & 4 h post injection. Results The targeted compounds (1a,2a,3a,4a) were prepared in multi-step syntheses. Each compound was radiolabeled with 125I or 131I. [131I]1b & [125I]2b were isolated in 89% & 68% rcy. [125I]3b & [131I]4b were isolated in 62% & 50% rcy. [131I]1b demonstrated targeting of C4-2B xenografts (~4.3±0.26%ID/g@1h), but the control [125I]2b did not target tumor (0.43±0.27%ID/g@1h). Interestingly, [125I]2b, which did not contain lys-U-glu, had low concentrations in kidney (1.68±2.39%ID/g@1h), whereas [131I]1b had high kidney concentrations (74.47±18.39%ID/g@1h). Compounds [125I]3b and [131I]4b had slightly increased tumor targeting (4-6%ID/g) compared with [131I]1b, but had decreased kidney concentrations (42%) and increased liver (2-4%ID/g vs. 0.6%ID/g) concentrations at 4h. Conclusions The compounds tested had good tumor targeting but kidney concentrations were too high for 211At use. Studies are planned to determine if cleavable linkers bonded to B10 will decrease kidney concentrations. Research Support We thank the National Institutes of Health (CA113431) for funding this research.
The Hatch Act Decisions

The principal provisions of Sections 9 and 12 of the Hatch Act, designed to limit the political activities of federal employees and of certain state employees, were challenged in two cases decided by the Supreme Court in February, 1947, and held constitutional in both instances by a divided court. Section 9 of the Hatch Act forbids most officers and employees in the executive branch of the federal government to take “any active part in political management or in political campaigns.” At the same time, all such persons are to “retain the right to vote as they may choose and to express their opinions on all political subjects and candidates.” The penalty for violation of the act is dismissal from the office or position held. A similar prohibition against taking part in political management or political campaigns is imposed by Section 12 of the act on any state or local employees whose principal employment is in connection with any activity financed in whole or in part by federal loans or grants. The activities prohibited are declared by Section 15 to be the same as those previously determined by the United States Civil Service Commission to be prohibited to employees in the classified civil service of the United States. A whole barrage of charges was brought to bear against the constitutionality of this legislation. As applied to federal employees, the attack was centered on the second sentence of Section 9 of the act, which reads: “No officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government … shall take any active part in political management or in political campaigns.”
Watch for those Unseen Variables

There are a number of subtle but important variables which frequently go uncontrolled in marketing surveys. The present study clearly illustrates that when such “unseen” variables are neglected, re...
Structure‐guided design of a reversible fluorogenic reporter of protein‐protein interactions

A reversible green fluorogenic protein-fragment complementation assay was developed based on the crystal structure of UnaG, a recently discovered fluorescent protein. In living mammalian cells, the nonfluorescent fragments complemented and rapidly became fluorescent upon rapamycin-induced FKBP and Frb protein interaction, and lost fluorescence when the protein interaction was inhibited. This reversible fluorogenic reporter, named uPPI [UnaG-based protein-protein interaction (PPI) reporter], uses bilirubin (BR) as the chromophore and requires no exogenous cofactor. BR is an endogenous molecule in mammalian cells and is not fluorescent by itself. uPPI may have many potential applications in visualizing spatiotemporal dynamics of PPIs.
Isolated Duodenal Varices Without Cirrhosis.

THE RED SECTION nature publishing group Isolated Duodenal Varices Without Cirrhosis Alexander Podboy 1 , Patrick Kamath 1 and James Tabibian 1 Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:454; doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.327 A 61-year-old man with a history of necrotizing pancreatitis requiring multiple necrosectomies and subsequent Roux-en-Y reconstruction presented with abdominal pain and fever. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed pyobilia and extensive circumferential isolated duodenal varices (a). There was no evidence of portohepatic venous thrombosis or cirrhosis on ultrasonography or computed tomography (b). Duodenal varices (arrows in b) are typically a result of cirrhotic portal hypertension, but in this patient they were deemed secondary to impaired superior mesenteric venous outflow related to prior surgery. The patient was placed on a noncardioselective β-blocker for variceal prophylaxis and has done well on follow-up. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. A Prolapsing Pile Revealing Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Fady Daniel 1 , Viviane Trak-Smayra 2 and Nathalie Ziade 1 Am J Gastroenterol 2016;111:454; doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.307 A previously fit and well 69-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a 2-month history of defecation-related hematochezia that she attributed to a prolapsing hemorrhoid that required intermittent manual reduction. Proctologic examination in the knee–chest position revealed a prolapsed fungating ulcerated pseudopile (a). The patient was referred for surgical resection after undergoing pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the chest and abdomen, which showed no signs of extra-anal dissemination. Pathology revealed moderately differentiated invasive squamous cell carci- noma of the anal canal, with an infiltrated resection margin (b). She was treated with 6 weeks of adjuvant radiation (30 Gy) plus 5-FU-cisplatin. Endoscopic examination performed 6 months later revealed scarring of the anal canal and no evidence of recurrence (c). American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; 2 CHU Hotel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon. The American Journal of GASTROENTEROLOGY VOLUME 111 | APRIL 2016 www.amjgastro.com
Wear, Oxidation, and Mechanical Properties of Retrieved Crossfire and X3 HXLPE Liners in THA

Introduction The purpose of this multicenter study was to assess the oxidative stability, mechanical behavior, wear and reasons for revision of 2nd generation sequentially annealed HXLPE, X3, and compare it to 1 st generation XLPE, Crossfire. We hypothesized that X3 would exhibit similar wear rates but lower oxidation than Crossfire. Methods 182 hip liners were consecutively retrieved during revision surgeries at 7 surgical centers and continuously analyzed over the past 12 years in a prospective, multicenter study. 90 were highly crosslinked and annealed (Crossfire; Implanted 4.2±3.4 years, max: 11 years), and 92 were highly crosslinked and annealed in 3 sequential steps (X3; Implanted 1.2±1.5 years; max: 5 years). Oxidation was characterized in accordance with ASTM 2102 using transmission FTIR performed on thin sections (∼200μm) from the superior/inferior axis. Mechanical behavior was assessed via the small punch test (ASTM 2183). Results The liners were revised predominantly for loosening, instability, and infection. No differences were detected in linear penetration rates rates between the X3 and Crossfire liners (p=0.40), independent of head size. Oxidation was comparable between the Crossfire and X3 cohorts at the bearing surface, backside, and locking mechanism (p>0.05). At the rim, X3 liners exhibited lower oxidation than Crossfire (p Discussion This ongoing study continues to evaluate the polyethylene properties and reasons for revision among clinically relevant HXLPEs used in total hip replacement. Both Crossfire retrievals, implanted for up to 11 years, and X3 retrievals, implanted up to 5 years, have thus far proven effective at reducing wear rates. Mechanical behavior oxidative stability has been preserved at the bearing surface of the retrievals for both materials. The oxidative stability of Crossfire and X3 at the rim face of the liners, however, is formulation dependent. With respect to oxidation, it is clear that sequential annealing reduced rim oxidation when compared with first-generation annealing.
Erratum to: Revealing Both Sides of the Story: A Comparative Analysis of Mentors and Protégés Relational Perspectives.

Mentoring continues to be a popular intervention for promoting positive youth development. However, the underlying mechanisms associated with sustainable and successful relationships remain largely unknown. Our study aimed to expand on previous literature by examining characteristics that have previously been linked to mentoring outcomes (e.g., authenticity, empathy), from a process-focused lens. We utilized post program satisfaction scores and interviews to examine the presence of each characteristic in a large sample of dyads (n = 144) as well as dyads’ levels of agreement or disagreement about aspects of the relationships. We found that high satisfaction dyads demonstrated greater congruity and detail in their descriptions of their relationships, whereas low satisfaction dyads were highly divergent and inconsistent in their descriptions. In addition, misattunement, a negative relational aspect, was the most powerful distinguisher between high and low satisfaction dyads, which provides support for mentors receiving attunement training in order to reduce instances of misattunement. Findings from this study highlight the importance of examining and assessing mentoring relationships from both the mentor and protege perspectives, as a single perspective may not present a full picture of the relationship.
Identifying in-patient costs attributable to the clinical sequelae and comorbidities of alcoholic liver disease in a national hospital database

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The clinical sequelae and comorbidities of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) often require hospitalization. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the average costs of hospitalizations with ALD and the costs of hospitalizations with other alcohol-related diagnoses that do not involve the liver; and (2) estimate the percentage of the difference in costs between the ALD and non-ALD hospitalizations that may be attributed to ascites, protein-calorie malnutrition and other conditions. DESIGN The 2012 National Inpatient Sample is a population-based cross-sectional database representing more than 94% of all discharges from community hospitals in the United States. SETTING Community hospitals in the United States. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 72 531 hospitalizations with ALD and 287 047 hospitalizations with other alcohol-related diagnoses. MEASUREMENTS The dependent variable was total in-patient costs. We estimated the contribution of ascites, protein-calorie malnutrition and other conditions to the difference in costs between patients with ALD and patients with other diagnoses. FINDINGS Average costs for ALD patients were $3188.4 higher than those for patients with other diagnoses ($13 543 versus $10 355; P < 0.001). Among all conditions in the analysis, protein-calorie malnutrition had the largest impact on costs [$6501; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5956, 7045; P < 0.001] accounting for 12% of the higher costs of ALD stays. CONCLUSIONS Costs of hospital care for patients with alcoholic liver disease are higher than those for patients with other alcohol-related diagnoses. These increased costs are associated with specific clinical sequelae and comorbidities, with protein-calorie malnutrition-a largely preventable condition-making a substantial contribution.
The Academic Study of Media Has Always Been the Study of New Media

Has amnesia been a consistent aspect of media studies? This talk argues this may be so drawing upon the insight of Peters and Kleis Nielson (2013: 257) that new media are things we don’t know what to do with and ‘media we do not know how to talk about’. A sense of crisis always accomponies this sense of the newness of the media. Key moments have shaped this history: the sociology of mass communication (associated with Columbia University, NY); the moment of Media Studies and Cultural Studies 1 (associated with the UK and the Universities of Birmingham and Westminster) and Media Studies 2 (connected to Web 2.0) dating from the beginning of the millenium. At each of these moments (new) media embodied both promise and danger as an object of study against a backdrop of global crisis.This contribution asks whether media studies has been trapped by a ‘presentism’ that fails to engage with earlier traditions of commumication theory and should undertake some unforgetting.
Educação do campo é direito e não esmola! Um olhar constitucional sobre o direito fundamental de crianças e adolescentes à educação do campo

This article aims to analyze the Fundamental Right to Education, from a bias of Rural Education, contextualizing the Brazilian education both historically and politically. The origins of education in the colonial period, imperial and Republican are presented, the latter with emphasis on the Constitution of 1988, with a special look at the rural education in contemporary Brazil. We conducted a exploratory explanatory literature, qualitative, using the hypothetical-deductive method. Although the right to education is provided for constitutionally when it relates to the education field, what you see is a disregard of the government for the peoples of the field.
Superresolution MUSIC based on Marčenko-Pastur limit distribution reduces uncertainty and improves DNA gene expression-based microarray classification

We introduce a bootstrap root MUSIC (BRM) technique, which employs superresolution multisignal classification to reduce high-dimensional sets of genes from expression microarrays to low-dimensional sets used in supervised classification analysis. During BRM, the Marcenko-Pastur limit distribution of eigenvalues for the array-by-array gene expression covariance matrix was used for determining the eigenvalue cutoff for the noise subspace. Classifier results were compared with and without replacing gene expression values with the inverse of the distance to class-specific noise eigenspace for each microarray. Nine gene expression datasets were used for classification, and results of using BRM were compared with classification results based on use of random and best ranked N genes. On average, BRM resulted in greater classification of randomly selected genes when compared with direct use of randomly selected genes for classifier input. In addition, when BRM was applied to best ranked N genes, the interquartile ranges of accuracy were smaller when compared with direct input of best ranked genes into classifiers. Overall, BRM can optimally be used with 128 or 256 best ranked markers, requiring less extensive filtering to identify smaller sets of predictors. Use of a larger set of markers with BRM can help minimize the effect of concept drift over time.
Solar Fuels: Materials, Physics, and Applications

Written for use as a text and reference for those interested in how new materials may be used to capture, store, and use solar energy for alternative energy resources in everyday life, Solar Fuels: Materials, Physics, and Applications discusses the fundamentals of new materials and the physical processes involved in their mechanisms and design. This book offers clear examples of current state-of-the-art organic and inorganic solar cell materials and devices used in the field, and includes experiments testing solar capability along with standardized examples. Last, but not least, it also gives a clear outline of the challenges that need to be addressed moving forward.
A Linux Server Operating System's Performance Comparison Using Lmbench

Linux Server Operating system is widely used in electric power SCADA systems in China. In order to study the performance difference between different distribution Linux Server operating systems so that we can select an appropriate distribution to use, the paper compares four secure Linux server operating system's performance using lmbench benchmarking methodology. The experiments showed that lmbench could effectively distinguish the performances between different Linux Server operating systems and is extremely useful for our Linux Selection.
MANAGING SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND FINANCIAL APPROACH AT REGENCY PROBOLINGGO

This study attempted to analyze management model of small business enterprise inProbolinggo regency. Conceptual framework was based on social capital and financial approach.Terms of finance would be analyzed with financial audit, and social capital consisting ofindividual behavior, organization behavior in groups, relationship with others and governmentinstitution which followed local social norms enhancing goals congruence. Research designintegrated both exploratory and confirmatory research. The unit of analysis was small businessenterprise, members of community organization Urban Poverty Project-2 in Probolinggoregency. The finding of research indicated four dimensions representing the managementmodel of small business enterprise. They were: 1) financial factor; 2) skill; 3) disciplines forquality; and 4) relationship factor. The next analysis was adjusted with demography cluster.Based on cluster and factors analysis it could be described that, groups in first cluster were 19%concerning in financial and relational factors. The second cluster was just 5% concerning toskill and discipline for quality. The third cluster consisted of 26% concerning to relational, andthe forth cluster was as the majority members, 50% of the population, concerning in financialand skill factors, and having significantly correlation between educations and income. Thisresult was appropriate to financial and institution audit.
Inner retinal dystrophy in a patient with biallelic sequence variants in BRAT1.

Background: Mutations in the BRCA1-associated protein required for the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation-1 (BRAT1) gene cause lethal neonatal rigidity and multifocal seizure syndrome c...
Sex Offender Registration and Notification

Since the 1990s, U.S. jurisdictions have had laws in place requiring that convicted sex offenders, after their release from confinement, provide identifying information to authorities, which is then made available to community residents in the dual hope that they will undertake safety measures and that registrants will be deterred from reoffending. The laws remain popular with the public and political actors alike, but have long been criticized for being predicated on empirical misunderstandings, most notably that sex offenders as a group recidivate at higher rates than other offenders and that most sexual offending involves strangers. Today, moreover, a considerable body of social-science research calls into question whether registration and notification achieve their avowed public-safety goals. This chapter summarizes the research undertaken to date regarding registration and notification and, presuming the laws’ continued existence, offers several concrete suggestions for ways in which they might be improved.
Commentary On “Extended Hildebrand Approach: An Empirical Model for Solubility Prediction of Etodolac in 1,4-Dioxane and Water Mixtures”

Several mathematical errors in the published paper by Rathi and Deshpande (J Solution Chem 43:1886–1903, 2014) are identified. The errors concern the incorrect conversion of mass fraction to volume fraction concentrations of 1,4-dioxane, the incorrect conversion of mole fraction solubilities to molar solubilities of Etodolac, and the incorrect calculation of the ideal mole fraction solubility of Etodolac.
The Next Economics

This chapter explains what The Next Economics is about with some specific examples and cases that are expanded upon in other chapters by other authors. The focus is primarily upon the green industrial revolution (GIR) which is the topic of another book that Clark and Cooke discuss in their book, Global Energy Innovation (Praeger Press 2011) and will be a book itself due out in 2013. Certainly, there is also a blue industrial revolution (BIR) as one of the chapters in this book illustrates. The point of the GIR (and BIR) requires new way of thinking about a economic paradigm. Clark (2013) discusses some of that in an article that is part of a special issue for the Contemporary Economic Policy journal.
Live Analytics Service Platform

Business intelligence has traditionally focused on analysis and reporting of structured data extracted from enterprise on-line transaction processing systems. There is an increase in interest in recent years in combining traditional business intelligence with intelligence gleaned from new sources, including many new structured and unstructured data sources inside and outside of enterprises, such as social media data and signals generated by mobile devices.
The school lunch program as a vehicle for nutrition education in Iowa public schools

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the Iowa public school food service (SFS) district directors incorporated nutrition education into SFS programs. A preliminary qualitative study was conducted to obtain in-depth information eUsout nutrition education in SFS programs. The resulting information from interviews with 12 private SFS directors was used to develop a self-administered questionnaire for this study. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographic information, nutrition education activities, and attitudes toward nutrition education. The questionnaire was pilot tested, revised, and mailed to 377 Iowa public SFS district directors. The return rate was 74% (n=280). The majority of respondents were female, between the ages of 40 and 59, had the job title of SFS director, and possessed the minimum of a high school diploma. Findings indicate that three major sources of nutrition education materials were commodity groups, state government, and the United States Department of Agriculture. Nutrition education materials were received on a monthly basis. Posters, newsletters, brochures, and flyers were the most frequently used nutrition education materials.
Locus of control as a mediator between posttraumatic stress and suicide risk: rural implications

In the United States, rural locations have higher rates of suicide than urban locations. One factor associated with an increased risk of suicide is posttraumatic stress. After a traumatic event, however, individuals from rural places are at a decreased risk of suicide compared with urban individuals. This article examines one possible reason for decreased suicide risk among rural individuals who have experienced trauma: locus of control. Internal locus of control is associated with decreased suicidal behaviours. While there is limited knowledge on the prevalence of internal loci of control among rural residents, self-reliance and independence, constructs congruent with internal locus of control, are prevailing characteristics of rural individuals. In a sample of 187 adults with trauma histories, rural, rural-fringe, and urban individuals do not significantly differ in suicide risk, locus of control, or posttraumatic stress symptoms. Locus of control predicts suicide risk, such that a more external...