cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Portal transport of long acyl chain lipids: effect of phosphatidylcholine and low infusion rates

The transport of absorbed long acyl chain lipids in the portal vein of rats has been shown to be 39% when the duodenal input rate is 135 mumol/h glyceryl trioleate (TO) [C. M. Mansbach II, R. F. Dowell, and D. Pritchett, Am. J. Physiol. 255 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 18): G530-G539, 1991]. These calculations were based on a new experimental model in which portal flux is calculated from the knowledge of portal flow and the concentration of the lipids in excess in the portal vein vs. the carotid artery. To test this model, rats were infused for 6 h with a low rate of [3H]TO (27 mumol/h) with or without phosphatidylcholine (9 mumol/h) or with [3H]TO (135 mumol/h) plus phosphatidylcholine (9 mumol/h) or with [3H]TO (135 mumol/h) plus phosphatidylcholine (9 mumol/h). In all three cases, portal flux was expected to be less. Portal transport was 16.5% of the input rate in the low-dose group, 1.4% in the high-dose group given phosphatidylcholine, and 0.5% in the low-dose plus phosphatidylcholine group. There was no net transport of fatty acid in the portal vein in any of the three cases. These data show that portal lipid transport is dependent on the lipid load and that it is greatly reduced at high loads by including phosphatidylcholine in the lipid infusion.
Fetal myocardial deformation in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity

OBJECTIVE Experimental evidence suggests that changes in the fetal myocardium result from intrauterine effects of maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess fetal cardiac function using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography to determine the effects of maternal diabetes and obesity on the fetal myocardium. METHODS Comparative cross-sectional evaluation of myocardial function in fetuses of mothers with diabetes mellitus (FDM) or obesity (FO) and normal gestational age-matched control fetuses (FC) was performed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography at two centers. RESULTS In total, 178 fetuses (82 FDM, 26 FO and 70 FC) met the enrolment criteria. Mean gestational age at assessment was similar among groups: 25.3 ± 5.1 weeks for FDM, 25.0 ± 4.6 weeks for FO and 25.1 ± 4.9 weeks for FC. Mean maternal body mass index was significantly higher in FDM and FO groups compared with the FC group. Statistically significant differences in fetal cardiac function were detected between FDM and FC for global longitudinal strain (mean ± SD, -21.4 ± 6.5% vs -27.0 ± 5.2%; P < 0.001), global circumferential strain (mean ± SD, -22.6 ± 6.5% vs -26.2 ± 6.8%; P = 0.002), average longitudinal systolic strain rate (median, -1.4 (interquartile range (IQR), -1.7 to -1.1)/s vs -1.6 (IQR, -2.0 to -1.4)/s; P = 0.001) and average circumferential systolic strain rate (median, -1.4 (IQR, -1.9 to -1.1)/s vs -1.6 (IQR, -2.1 to -1.3)/s; P = 0.006). Cases of non-obese FDM also had abnormal strain parameters compared with FC. Global longitudinal strain (mean ± SD, -21.1 ± 7.5%) and average circumferential systolic strain rate (median, -1.3 (IQR, -1.8 to -1.1)/s) were significantly lower in FO compared with FC. CONCLUSIONS Unfavorable changes occur in the fetal myocardium in response to both maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity. The long-term prognostic implications of these changes require further study. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
ATC Developmental Trainees’ Perceptions of Fairness Toward FAA’s New Facility Placement Process

Recently, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) revamped its selection and placement process for incoming developmental air traffic controllers. Among other procedural changes, the way facility placement decisions are made changed significantly from previous hiring initiatives. Given these changes, it is important for the FAA to analyze and evaluate how these changes are affecting the perceptions of newly hired developmental controllers regarding their placement and how these perceptions might impact facility transfer rates in the future. This study looks at the reactions of students after receiving their facility placement under the new system. In particular, their satisfaction with their facility placement and the perceived fairness of the facility placement process was assessed using a paper-and-pencil survey. The relationship of their responses to these items and their intentions to change facilities later in their careers was also examined.
Stability and Performance of Various Singular Value QR Implementations on Multicore CPU with a GPU

Singular Value QR (SVQR) can orthonormalize a set of dense vectors with the minimum communication (one global reduction between the parallel processing units, and BLAS-3 to perform most of its local computation). As a result, compared to other orthogonalization schemes, SVQR obtains superior performance on many of the current computers, where the communication has become significantly more expensive compared to the arithmetic operations. In this article, we study the stability and performance of various SVQR implementations on multicore CPUs with a GPU. Our focus is on the dense triangular solve, which performs half of the total floating-point operations of SVQR. As a part of this study, we examine an adaptive mixed-precision variant of SVQR, which decides if a lower-precision arithmetic can be used for the triangular solution at runtime without increasing the order of its orthogonality error (though its backward error is significantly greater). If the greater backward error can be tolerated, then our performance results with an NVIDIA Kepler GPU show that the mixed-precision SVQR can obtain a speedup of up to 1.36 over the standard SVQR.
Discerning the Impact of a Lithium Salt Additive in Thin-Film Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) from small molecules, such as iridium complexes, have great potential as low-cost emissive devices. In these devices, ions rearrange during operation to facilitate carrier injection, bringing about efficient operation from simple, single-layer devices. Prior work has shown that the luminance, efficiency, and responsiveness of iridium LEECs is greatly enhanced by the inclusion of small fractions of lithium salts, but much remains to be understood about the origin of this enhancement. Recent work with planar devices demonstrates that lithium additives in iridium LEECs enhance double-layer formation. However, the quantitative influence of lithium salts on the underlying physics of conventional thin-film, sandwich structure LEECs, which beneficially operate at low voltages and generate higher luminance, has yet to be clarified. Here, we use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to discern the impact of the lithium salt concentration on double-layer formation withi...
Room temperature silicon single-electron quantum-dot transistor switch

We fabricated a silicon single-electron quantum-dot transistor, which showed drain current oscillations at room temperature. Analysis of its I-V characteristic indicates that the energy level separation is about 110 meV and the silicon dot size is about 12 nm.
Permissive, in vitro replication of hepatitis B virus genotype E

A cloned stable cell line, HepG2-HBVE6, was established following transfection of HepG2 cells with a retroviral plasmid into which a 1.1-fold genomic construct of hepatitis B virus (HBV) belonging to genotype E (HBV/E) was inserted. The cell line retains the entire HBV/E insert, and produces episomal HBV DNA. It expresses HBV pregenomic, preS1 and preS2/S transcripts, and sheds hepatitis B surface and e antigens as well as structures resembling HBV-subviral and Dane particles. The HepG2-HBVE6 cell line, in permitting recapitulation of the HBV life cycle, may be used for studying viral characteristics, therapeutic and preventative outcomes and for preparing reagents specific to HBV genotype E.
Thermocapillary Droplet Migration and Instability

The spreading and migration of a thin liquid droplet on a horizontal, non-uniformly heated solid surface is investigated. The droplet dynamics is simulated for small capillary numbers using a quasi-static evolution equation developed from lubrication theory and a constitutive equation for the contact-line motion. The results show that the non-uniform heating drives a thermocapillary flow in the droplet that alters the contact angle everywhere along the contact line, thereby modifying the droplet spreading process. With no contact-angle hysteresis, the droplet evolves to a state of steady migration down the temperature gradient. We also find that for some heating cases, an instability develops in the form of a dimple on the top of the droplet.
Molecular Pathology of Uterine Mesenchymal Tumors

This chapter will cover the molecular pathology of uterine mesenchymal tumors and is divided broadly into nine categories: (1) smooth muscle tumors, (2) perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa), (3) endometrial stromal neoplasms, (4) undifferentiated uterine sarcoma, (5) uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT), (6) mullerian adenosarcoma, (7) inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, (8) embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and (9) other/miscellaneous. Each section will begin with a brief morphologic and immunohistochemical description, including frequent areas of diagnostic difficulty, followed by the molecular features of each tumor type including both cytogenetic (structural) abnormalities and gene mutations. This is an area of gynecologic pathology with rapid accumulation of data leading to new insights into pathogenesis, and while great strides have been made in understanding the molecular basis of pathogenesis in many of these tumors, this is a field with many opportunities for new discoveries.
Effects of high temperature on reproduction

The significance of seasonal fluctuations in the components of the reproductive cycle is complex. In mammals, high environmental temperature may cause delayed puberty, delayed onset of sexual season, irregularity in cycle length, duration of estrus, ovulation rate, frequency of anovulatory estrus,morphological abnormalities in ova, fetal size and semen characteristics. High temperatures, in birds, may affect rate of egg laying, egg weight, shell quality, fertility, size of blastoderm and hatchability. Animals have developed effective thermoregulatory mechanisms for the testis. The effects of extremes of temperatures on reproduction vary with the species,breed, age, stage of reproductive cycle,period of temperature exposure, nature of temperature fluctuation and altitude. Effects of low temperature on reproduction have been little studied.
Echoes of the Cold War: A Strategy of Preemptive Strikes

This chapter argues that use of drones helps promote the re-creation of Cold War fears of an imminent threat to the nation’s peace and welfare. It also studies the use of drone strikes in Pakistan and Yemen to act as precedents for future threats to the USA’s security.
Applying distributed optimization for QoS-security tradeoff in a distributed information system

In a distributed information system, Quality of Service (QoS) and Information Assurance (IA) compete for the same set of resources. This tension increases in the presence of cyber attacks. Previous work formulated the problem of trading off QoS against IA as a DCOP whose solution sets the local configuration at individual decision-making nodes to optimize overall levels of QoS and IA delivered by the system. In this paper, we report on the first implementation of max-sum in a realistic distributed system running on multiple machines. Sample results from mission-oriented scenarios based on published documentation and run in an emulated network show the advantage of tradeoff-driven adaptation in meeting QoS and IA requirements.
Automated dental identification: a micro-macro decision-making approach

Identification of deceased individuals based on dental characteristics is receiving increased attention, especially with the large volume of victims encountered in mass disasters. In this work we consider three important problems in automated dental identification beyond the basic approach of tooth-to-tooth matching. The first problem is on automatic classification of teeth into incisors, canines, premolars and molars as part of creating a data structure that guides tooth-to-tooth matching, thus avoiding illogical comparisons that inefficiently consume the limited computational resources and may also mislead the decision-making. We tackle this problem using principal component analysis and string matching techniques. We reconstruct the segmented teeth using the eigenvectors of the image subspaces of the four teeth classes, and then call the teeth classes that achieve least energy-discrepancy between the novel teeth and their approximations. We exploit teeth neighborhood rules in validating teeth-classes and hence assign each tooth a number corresponding to its location in a dental chart. Our approach achieves 82% teeth labeling accuracy based on a large test dataset of bitewing films. Because dental radiographic films capture projections of distinct teeth; and often multiple views for each of the distinct teeth, in the second problem we look for a scheme that exploits teeth multiplicity to achieve more reliable match decisions when we compare the dental records of a subject and a candidate match. Hence, we propose a hierarchical fusion scheme that utilizes both aspects of teeth multiplicity for improving teeth-level (micro) and case-level (macro) decision-making. We achieve a genuine accept rate in excess of 85%. In the third problem we study the performance limits of dental identification due to features capabilities. We consider two types of features used in dental identification, namely teeth contours and appearance features. We propose a methodology for determining the number of degrees of freedom possessed by a feature set, as a figure of merit, based on modeling joint distributions using copulas under less stringent assumptions on the dependence between feature dimensions. We also offer workable approximations of this approach.
Climate Vulnerabilities and Adaptation of Urban Water Infrastructure Systems

Urban water infrastructure systems – including water supply, stormwater management, and wastewater collection – are subject to climate and other factors that influence the water cycle. Those seeking to manage water infrastructure systems in cities begin by assessing vulnerabilities or critical features and developing mitigation and adaptation plans. Coverage of all vulnerabilities is beyond the scope of this chapter. Rather, for consistency with the theme of the volume, the focus is on vulnerabilities and adaptation of urban water infrastructure systems in the United States to climate variability and longer-term change. Urban water managers typically consider existing infrastructure characteristics when conducting climate vulnerability assessments and developing adaptation plans. However, urban water infrastructure systems may be different in the future. In addition, climate assessments and adaptation plans of urban water infrastructure systems generally focus on the water infrastructure systems in isolation even though important interconnections to other systems, such as energy, are critical for sustainability. Therefore, the goals of this chapter are not only to summarize climate vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies of current urban water infrastructure systems but also to identify climate vulnerabilities and adaptation potential of new green infrastructure and decentralization approaches and highlight the importance of the interdependency of urban water infrastructure and energy requirements in relation to climate.
Event-related potential (ERP) evidence that encoding focus alters recollected features

Event-related potential (ERP) evidence suggests that encoding focus alters the quality of information bound in memory, which can affect source memory. In the present study, participants studied product images with blue or and yellow filters while focusing either on the self (self-focus) or on the color of the filtered image (other-focus). Self-focus encoding produced more positive encoding ERPs, greater recognition for old/new judgments, and a greater Late Positive Component (LPC; the putative neural correlate for recollection). Other-focus encoding led to a greater FN400 component suggesting that features (i.e., filter color and product image) were unitized and increased the familiarity used to make memory judgments. The results indicate that encoding focus can alter the balance of features bound in memory. Some features support a specific memory query (diagnostic recollection), whereas other features are from the past do not necessarily inform the memory query (non-diagnostic recollection). Thus, recollection is a complex process that depends on interactions between encoding processes, characteristics of the encountered information, and the broad context of the memory probe.
Left atrial appendage exclusion during mitral valve surgery and stroke in atrial fibrillation

The purpose of this study was to determine whether surgical left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion performed during mitral valve surgery is associated with a reduction in cerebrovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation. We retrospectively studied patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent mitral valve surgery from 1/1/2001 through 12/31/2014. We screened 1352 patients using ICD-9 codes and included 281 patients in the study. The primary end point was a composite of strokes and transient ischemic attacks occurring within 5 years after surgery. Secondary end points were stroke, transient ischemic attack, and all-cause mortality. The LAA exclusion group (n = 188) had a lower prevalence of female gender, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus compared with the non-LAA exclusion group (n = 93). The CHA2DS2VASc scores were comparable between groups (2.6 vs 2.9, P = .11), as was anticoagulant use (82.4% vs 85.0%, P = .60). Concomitant surgical ablation was performed in 73.9% of patients who underwent LAA exclusion. Nine cerebrovascular events occurred in the LAA exclusion group and 13 in the non-LAA exclusion group (HR 0.30 [0.12–0.75], P = .01). There was no difference in all-cause mortality between groups. On multivariate analysis of the primary end point of strokes or transient ischemic attacks, significant variables were LAA exclusion (HR 0.31 [0.12–0.76], P = .01) and CHA2DS2VASc score (HR 1.44 [1.11–1.87], P = .006). The benefit of LAA exclusion was detected only when performed together with surgical ablation (HR 0.27 [0.09–0.72], P = .01). LAA exclusion was associated with fewer cerebrovascular events. However, this benefit was seen only with concomitant surgical ablation.
Engineering and characterization of copper and gold sensors in Escherichia coli and Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002

The anthropogenic release of toxic metals into the environment poses danger to the health of both humans and the local ecosystem. Biosensors for the detection of metals have been developed to improve our ability to monitor these environmental contaminants, yet most of these sensors use heterotrophic bacterial hosts, which require a fixed carbon source and do not typically grow in natural waterways. In this study, we constructed and characterized metal sensors for development of a photoautotrophic biosensor using Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. We characterized gold and copper sensors based on modified MerR transcriptional activators: GolSA113T, with improved gold binding, and GolSCL, containing the metal-binding loop from CueR which binds both gold and copper. The metal-sensing constructs were first optimized and characterized in Escherichia coli MG1655. The addition of a strong ribosome binding site to the optical reporter protein increased translation of the fluorescent reporter, and expression of golSA113T from the rbc promoter of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 improved the response to gold in MG1655. In rich medium, the GolSA113T-based E. coli sensor detected gold at concentrations as low as 100 nM, while the GolSCL-based E. coli sensor detected gold and copper at sensitivities of 100 nM and 10 μM, respectively. Both E. coli sensors responded to gold and copper yet showed no detectable response to other metals. Abiotic factors, such as medium complexity, were found to influence the response of the E. coli sensors, with minimal medium resulting in higher sensitivities of detection. Expression of the GolSA113T- and GolSCL-based sensor constructs in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 resulted in photoautotrophic gold sensors, but these biosensors failed to produce a significant response to copper. Moreover, the fluorescence response of the cyanobacterial sensors to gold was significantly reduced compared to that of analogous E. coli sensors. While this effort demonstrates feasibility for the development of photoautotrophic biosensors, additional efforts to optimize sensor performance will be required.
On the number of subgroups of non-metacyclic minimal non-abelian p-groups

In this paper, we find the number of subgroups in non-metacyclic minimal non-abelian p-groups, p an odd prime. In particular, we study a problem introduced by Berkovich [Groups of Prime Power Order...
CT findings of severe burn injuries after a motor vehicle collision: a case report.

Abstract Severe burn injuries can complicate management of polytrauma. While CT is the primary imaging modality for evaluation of trauma injuries, CT findings of severe burn are rarely reported. A 31-year-old female was brought to the emergency department after motor vehicle collision in which she sustained a burn injury from contact with the vehicle muffler. Her initial trauma workup was notable for full-thickness burns to her left abdominal wall among other injuries. CT scan showed skin thickening and extensive stranding involving the whole layer of subcutaneous soft tissue. The deep fascia and underlying muscle layer were free from burn injuries. Identification of this finding on the CT scan helps establish appropriate care.
El encuadre del islam y los musulmanes: la cobertura periodística en España

Spain ranks low among European democracies regarding negative attitudes toward Muslims and Islam. Islamophobia does not appear to be a contentious issue in the Spanish political arena as to the definition of 'us,' even though Moroccans have become the largest migrant community, and even though Spain is currently one of the three major Member States of first entry into the Union from Middle East and North Africa. By conducting a media frame analysis, the aim of this paper is to know whether and to what extent the Spanish large-circulation quality newspapers portray Muslims and Islam as strange, monolithic and problematic. Variations according to ideology and the nature of the events reported are taken into account. This is an empirical and longitudinal study covering an entire year. Conclusions are expected to further contribute to comparative investigations.
Low-latency graph streaming using compressed purely-functional trees

There has been a growing interest in the graph-streaming setting where a continuous stream of graph updates is mixed with graph queries. In principle, purely-functional trees are an ideal fit for this setting as they enable safe parallelism, lightweight snapshots, and strict serializability for queries. However, directly using them for graph processing leads to significant space overhead and poor cache locality. This paper presents C-trees, a compressed purely-functional search tree data structure that significantly improves on the space usage and locality of purely-functional trees. We design theoretically-efficient and practical algorithms for performing batch updates to C-trees, and also show that we can store massive dynamic real-world graphs using only a few bytes per edge, thereby achieving space usage close to that of the best static graph processing frameworks. To study the efficiency and applicability of our data structure, we designed Aspen, a graph-streaming framework that extends the interface of Ligra with operations for updating graphs. We show that Aspen is faster than two state-of-the-art graph-streaming systems, Stinger and LLAMA, while requiring less memory, and is competitive in performance with the state-of-the-art static graph frameworks, Galois, GAP, and Ligra+. With Aspen, we are able to efficiently process the largest publicly-available graph with over two hundred billion edges in the graph-streaming setting using a single commodity multicore server with 1TB of memory.
55 Is Not Old!: Aging and Identity in Fashion Blogs Targeting Female Baby Boomers

The advent of social media has played a significant role in how consumers behave, offering them unprecedented opportunities to share their own consumption experiences and to make purchase decisions informed by those of others. The purpose of this study was to explore fashion blogs developed by and for women aged 55 and over. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through netnographic observation, particularly using a “netblographic” approach. The data were analyzed to identify categories based on topics, including issues related to fashion and aging, products and aging, and brands. Three major themes emerged and were used to structure the interpretation: Asserting Fashion Sensibility, Managing a Changing Identity, and Finding Allies in Aging. Findings of this study reveal the extent to which fashion blogs offer women 55 and over more than just fashion advice, but a means to establish social connections and gain emotional support though the shared experience of aging.
Maternal age at delivery and fertility of the next generation.

Background While most known causes of infertility relate to the health of the woman and/or her partner, questions have been raised regarding the possible contributions of transgenerational or epigenetic factors. Objective The goal of this hypothesis-generating work was to examine whether Generation 1's (G1's) age at the delivery of G2 (Generation 2) was associated with G2's fertility in later life. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women (G2s) recruited online in 2016. A questionnaire queried G2s regarding demographics and fertility. The primary exposure was G1's age at G2's birth. Outcome measures included the following: 12-month infertility, time to pregnancy, and childlessness. The adjusted relative risk (RR) of G2 infertility and childlessness by G1 age at G2's birth was estimated through a modified Poisson regression approach. The fecundity odds ratio (FOR) for the association between G1's age at G2 birth and time to pregnancy for G2 was estimated by discrete-time survival models, with complementary log-log link. Results A total of 2,854 women enrolled. We found no association between G1 age at G2's birth and G2 infertility. Being born to a G1 aged 15-19 years was associated with a longer time to pregnancy for G2 (FOR 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.72, 0.99), relative to being born to a G1 aged 20-24 years. We observed the suggestion of a possible increased risk of childlessness among G2s born to older G1s, but the estimate was imprecise. Conclusions While being born to a G1 who was 15-19 years old was associated with an increase in G2 time to pregnancy, we found no association between G1 age at G2's birth and infertility and only the suggestion of a modest association with childlessness. These data suggest a possible subtle effect of G1 age at G2's birth on G2 fertility, which warrants further study.
Physicians' electronic inbox work patterns and factors associated with high inbox work duration.

OBJECTIVES Electronic health record systems are increasingly used to send messages to physicians, but research on physicians' inbox use patterns is limited. This study's aims were to (1) quantify the time primary care physicians (PCPs) spend managing inboxes; (2) describe daily patterns of inbox use; (3) investigate which types of messages consume the most time; and (4) identify factors associated with inbox work duration. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 1 month of electronic inbox data for 1275 PCPs in a large medical group and linked these data with physicians' demographic data. RESULTS PCPs spent an average of 52 minutes on inbox management on workdays, including 19 minutes (37%) outside work hours. Temporal patterns of electronic inbox use differed from other EHR functions such as charting. Patient-initiated messages (28%) and results (29%) accounted for the most inbox work time. PCPs with higher inbox work duration were more likely to be female (P < .001), have more patient encounters (P < .001), have older patients (P < .001), spend proportionally more time on patient messages (P < .001), and spend more time per message (P < .001). Compared with PCPs with the lowest duration of time on inbox work, PCPs with the highest duration had more message views per workday (200 vs 109; P < .001) and spent more time on the inbox outside work hours (30 minutes vs 9.7 minutes; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Electronic inbox work by PCPs requires roughly an hour per workday, much of which occurs outside scheduled work hours. Interventions to assist PCPs in handling patient-initiated messages and results may help alleviate inbox workload.
Exploring fungicides and sealants for management of Cytospora plurivora infections in western Colorado peach production systems

Abstract Cytospora plurivora, in western Colorado, is a limiting factor to peach production. The pathogen requires a wound, and entry points can be ubiquitous on peach trees depending on the season because of the need for tree cultural management (eg. dormant and/or summer pruning) and annual winter damage. Our study is focused on preventive control of the pathogen through wound protection. Fungicides and sealants were either evaluated in vitro, for antifungal activity, or selected from the present and previous trials to be evaluated in the field. Ten fungicide/sealant combinations were evaluated in the field for pathogen control during spring of 2018 and 2019 in western Colorado. Treatments included combinations of thiophanate-methyl, lime sulfur, VitiSeal (alone and in combination with other chemicals), with sealants (latex paint, paraffinic oil, and Nu-film 17). The fungicides/sealants that were most effective in reducing C. plurivora pathogen viability in branches and canker sizes was thiophanate-methyl alone, combined with VitiSeal, and combined with latex paint at 50 and 70% and VitiSeal combined with lime sulfur. The sealants Nu-film 17 and paraffinic oil, when combined with lime sulfur, were ineffective in all trials. Further, fungicides which showed evidence of efficacy in these studies and in previous studies were analyzed for their half maximum effective concentration rates (EC50) for an understanding of pathogen dose sensitivity.
Late Life Collage (1950–1959)

This chapter presents fragments of Bowen’s life between the death of her husband in 1952 and the sale of Bowen’s Court in 1959. She lectured extensively in America during this period, traveled to the American Academy in Rome to finish A Time in Rome, completed A World of Love, and traveled around England and Scotland for the British Royal Commission on Capital Punishment. Her conservative political values are discussed as well as her late friendships with the writer and musician, Eddy Sackville-West, and the painter, Derek Hill.
Women in the Ministry of Jesus: A Study of Jesus' Attitudes to Women and their Roles as Reflected in His Earthly Life

Women in the Ministry of Jesus is a study of both of Jesus' attitudes towards women as reflected in his words and deeds, and of the women who were part of his ministry, or who interacted with him according to the Gospel accounts. The book seeks to provide a balanced analysis of the relevant Biblical material, and also the historical background necessary to illuminate the setting of the Gospel events. Particular attention is given to related issues such as Jesus' views on marriage, the family and the single life, as well as his teaching on adultery, the laws of the clean and unclean and the sabbath. Witherington concludes that Jesus cannot be categorized neatly either as chauvinist or as feminist.
Chinese Dialectical Thinking—the Yin Yang Model

The yin yang model of thinking is most essential to the Chinese cosmology, ontology and outlook on life. This paper is a systematic discussion of such a dialectical way of thinking and its significance. It starts with investigating the origin and the meaning of terms “yin” and “yang”, and explains the later developed yin yang doctrine; it then shows how greatly and profoundly the yin yang model of thinking has influenced Chinese philosophy and Chinese character. It concludes that Chinese naturalistic, dialectical, and optimistic attitudes toward the world and life are all based on the yin yang model of thinking and that the yin yang doctrine is the starting point for anyone to understand Chinese people and their philosophies.
Bowenoid-papules of the genitalia

We report a case of an older man with bowenoid papulosis of the genitalia progressing to a plaque of carcinoma in situ. The case also demonstrates a progressive eruption of bowenoid papules over a 10-year period.
Distance Learning and the Impact on Libraries

SUMMARY Distance learning is changing the landscape of education. Along with education, libraries will need to change to be able to provide services to distance-learning students. This paper discusses several models currently in existence for delivery of services to distance-learning students and raises questions regarding the provision of services for these students.
Ellipses of minimal area and of minimal eccentricity circumscribed about a convex quadrilateral

First, we fill in key gaps in Steiner's nice characterization of the most nearly cir- cular ellipse which passes through the vertices of a convex quadrilateral, -. Steiner proved that there is only one pair of conjugate directions, M1 and M2, that belong to all ellipses of circum- scription. Then he proves that if there is an ellipse, E, whose equal conjugate diameters possess the directional constants M1 and M2, then E must be an ellipse of circumscription which has minimal eccentricity. However, Steiner does not show the existence or uniqueness of such an ellipse. We prove that there is a unique ellipse of minimal eccentricity which passes through the vertices of -. We also show that there exists an ellipse which passes through the vertices of - and whose equal conjugate diameters possess the directional constants M1 and M2. We also show that there exists a unique ellipse of minimal area which passes through the vertices of -. Finally, we call a convex quadrilateral, -, bielliptic if the unique inscribed and circumscribed ellipses of minimal eccentricity have the same eccentricity. This generalizes the notion of bicen- tric quadrilaterals. In particular, we show the existence of a bielliptic convex quadrilateral which is not bicentric.
Abstraction and the Holocaust . By Mark Godfrey. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 2007. Pp. 294. Cloth $55.00. ISBN 9780300126761.

ion and the Holocaust, by Mark Godfrey Gavriel D. Rosenfeld Fairfield University, grosenfeld@fairfield.edu © 2008 by Cambridge University Press. Original published version can be found at DOI: 10.1017/ S0008938908001076
Genetic Influence on Zinc Metabolism in Mice

A previous study resulted in the discovery of a unique, undesignated strain of mice, referred to as SM (Super Mouse), whose progeny exhibited a resistance to dietary zinc deficiency when pups from the strain suckled dams fed a zinc-deficient diet. Examination of the zinc metabolism in these mice demonstrated in the study reported here that SM mice accumulated significantly more zinc during in utero development than do mice of other strains. Adult mice of the SM strain contained significantly more bone zinc than did mice of other strains. Adult SM mice excreted significantly less 65Zn than did mice of other strains when the mice were fed a zinc-deficient diet. These observations suggest that SM mice are able to resist periods of zinc-deficiency as a result of the development of highly efficient systems for storing and reabsorbing zinc.
A Life-Cycle Model of Income and Wealth Distribution

Across U.S. households, the distribution of wealth is more skewed and fat-tailed than that of earnings. Benchmark models such as Aiyagari (1994), however, imply a less skewed and fat-tailed distribution for wealth than for earnings, because of their assumptions of (i) stationary earnings processes and (ii) infinite horizon. This paper provides a model based on (i) highly-persistent conditionally-heteroskedastic earnings processes, motivated by empirical evidence, and (ii) realistic, stochastic, and finite life horizons. These two features together generate an endogenous wealth distribution that is more skewed and fat-tailed than earnings. Preferences and earnings processes are specified so as to allow a closed-form solution, which facilitates analysis and calibration.
Resilience and Protective Factors in Adolescence: An Autobiographical Perspective From Disadvantaged Youth

Abstract This article focuses on the development of adolescent resilience and protective factors within a sample of 86 inner-city high school students in Chicago. Resilience was considered present when (a) children living in conditions of risk (b) show better-than-predicted outcomes (c) presumably due to some intervening process. Conditions (a) and (b) were met using quantitative comparisons. Condition (c), the intervening process, was examined using autobiographical essays to begin to understand protective factors youth consider salient in overcoming adversity. Internal attributes such as perseverance, determination, and having the awareness to learn from the risk-attrition process surfaced in the content analyses. Motivational support from family members and teachers was also highly valued for promoting successful adjustment.
The role of process improvement in delivering customer and financial value

From a strategic standpoint, improving the software development processes is becoming critically important. However, it is difficult to determine which processes to improve. We propose viewing process changes along strategic lines-with the goal of improving customer value. We then present an approach for evaluating proposed process changes quantitatively in terms of cost, quality, and schedule and determine the return on investment.
Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System Speed and Accuracy Are Increased With the Use of a Semiautomated Computer Application

Abstract Purpose The Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS™) is an algorithm that can be used to classify lung nodules in patients with significant smoking histories. It is published in table format but can be implemented as a computer program. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the use of a computer program versus the table in categorizing lung nodules. Methods The Lung-RADS algorithm was implemented as a computer program. Through the use of a survey tool, respondents were asked to categorize 13 simulated lung nodules using the computer program and the Lung-RADS table as published. Data were gathered regarding time to completion, accuracy of each nodule's categorization, users' subjective categorization confidence, and users' perceived efficiency using each method. Results The use of a computer program to categorize lung nodules resulted in significantly increased interpretation speed (80.8 ± 37.7 vs 156 ± 105 seconds, P P Conclusions Radiologists were both more efficient and more accurate in lung nodule categorization when using computerized decision support tools. The authors propose that other institutions use computerized implementations of Lung-RADS in the interests of both efficiency and patient outcomes through proper management. Furthermore, they suggest the ACR design future iterations of the Lung-RADS algorithm with computerized decision support in mind.
Fast photo-driven electron spin coherence transfer: the effect of electron-nuclear hyperfine coupling on coherence dephasing

Selective photoexcitation of the donor in an electron donor–acceptor1–acceptor2 (D–A1–A2) molecule, in which D = perylene and both A1 and A2 = naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide), results in sub-nanosecond formation of a spin-correlated singlet radical pair 1(D+˙–A1−˙–A2) having a large electron spin–spin exchange interaction, 2J, which precludes its observation by transient EPR spectroscopy. Subsequent selective photoexcitation of A1−˙ rapidly produces 1(D+˙–A1–A2−˙), resulting in a dramatic decrease in 2J, which allows coherent spin evolution to mix the singlet (S) radical pair state 1(D+˙–A1–A2−˙) with the T0 triplet sublevel of 3(D+˙–A1–A2−˙) in an applied magnetic field, where B ≫ 2J. A spin-polarized transient EPR spectrum characteristic of the spin-correlated radical pair D+˙–A1–A2−˙ is then observed. The time delay between the two laser pulses was incremented to measure the rate of decoherence in 1(D+˙–A1−˙–A2) in toluene at 295 K, which was found to be 8.1 × 107 s−1. Deuteration of the perylene donor or the toluene solvent decreases the decoherence rate constant of 1(D+˙–A1−˙–A2) to 4.3 × 107 s−1 and 4.6 × 107 s−1, respectively, while deuteration of both the perylene donor and the toluene solvent reduced the decoherence rate constant by more than half to 3.4 × 107 s−1. The data show that decreasing electron-nuclear hyperfine interactions significantly increases the zero quantum coherence lifetime of the spin-correlated radical pair.
Engrailed-1 and netrin-1 regulate axon pathfinding by association interneurons that project to motor neurons.

During early development, multiple classes of interneurons are generated in the spinal cord including association interneurons that synapse with motor neurons and regulate their activity. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that generate these interneuron cell types, nor is it known how axons from association interneurons are guided toward somatic motor neurons. By targeting the axonal reporter gene τ-lacZ to the En1 locus, we show the cell-type-specific transcription factor Engrailed-1 (EN1) defines a population of association neurons that project locally to somatic motor neurons. These EN1 interneurons are born early and their axons pioneer an ipsilateral longitudinal projection in the ventral spinal cord. The EN1 interneurons extend axons in a stereotypic manner, first ventrally, then rostrally for one to two segments where their axons terminate close to motor neurons. We show that the growth of EN1 axons along a ventrolateral pathway toward motor neurons is dependent on netrin-1 signaling. In addition, we demonstrate that En1 regulates pathfinding and fasciculation during the second phase of EN1 axon growth in the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF); however, En1 is not required for the early specification of ventral interneuron cell types in the embryonic spinal cord.
Understanding Rational Expectations Models of Financial Markets: A Guide for the Analytically Challenged

Rational expectations models of financial markets largely based on the path breaking work by Grossman and Stiglitz (1980) are playing an increasing role in motivating empirical analyses addressing the role of information in contemporary equity markets. This paper provides an intuitive and distinctly non-mathematical critical presentation of aspects and attributes of these models that any researcher who is interested in developing associated empirical applications or, possibly, a rational expectations model of their own should be familiar with.
An Exergy-Based Metric for Evaluating Solar Thermal Absorber Technologies for Gas Heating

The energy conversion effectiveness of the central receiver absorber in concentrating solar thermal power systems is dictated primarily by heat losses, material temperature limits, and pumping power losses. To deliver concentrated solar energy to a gas for process heat applications or gas cycle power generation, there are a wide variety of compact heat exchanger finned surfaces that could be used to enhance the convective transfer of absorbed solar energy to the gas stream flowing through the absorber. In such circumstances, a key design objective for the absorber is to maximize the heat transfer thermodynamic performance while minimizing the pumping power necessary to drive the gas flow through the fin matrix. This paper explores the use of different performance metrics to quantify the combined heat transfer, thermodynamic and pressure loss effectiveness of enhanced fins surfaces used in solar thermal absorbers for gas heating. Previously defined heat exchanger performance metrics, such as the “goodness factor”, are considered, and we develop and explore the use of a new metric, the “loss factor”, for determining the preferred enhanced fin matrix surfaces for concentrated solar absorbers. The loss factor, defined as the normalized exergy loss in the receiver, can be used for nondimensional analysis of the desirable qualities in an optimized solar receiver design. In comparison to previous goodness factor methods, the loss factor metric has the advantage that it quantifies the trade-off between trying to maximize the solar exergy transferred to the gas (high heat transfer rate and delivery at high temperature) and minimizing the pumping exergy loss. In this study, the loss factor is used to compare current solar receiver designs, and designs that use a variety of available plate-finned compact heat transfer surfaces with known Colburn factor (j) and friction factor (f) characteristics. These examples demonstrate how the loss factor metric can be used to design and optimize novel solar central receiver systems, and they indicate fin matrix surfaces that are particularly attractive for this type of application.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Field Independence: A Source of Language Test Variance.

Recent language testing research investigates factors other than language profi ciency that may be responsible for variance in language test performance. There is some evidence indicating field independence may be one variable responsible for introducing systematic error into language test scores. This paper reports research investigating the relationship between field independence and lan guage measures. Results indicate differential relationships of field indepen dence with cloze, dictation, and multiple-choice language tests. The relative strengths of these relationships also differ for native speakers in regular English classes, native speakers in remedial English classes, and nonnative speakers. Directions for further research are suggested.
Cold Binary Atomic Collisions in a Light Field.

The rate coefficients are calculated for trap loss due to excited state formation during s-wave collisions of two atoms in a light field in a cold atomic gas near conditions for formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate. Blue detuning from the allowed atomic resonance transition causes excitation of a replusive molecular potential, whereas red detuning causes excitation when the light is tuned near a bound vibrational energy level of an attractive molecular potential. In either case, when the light intensity is low and the detuning is large compared to the natural linewidth of the atomic transition, the rate coefficient for the collisional loss rate is proportional to a molecular Franck-Condon factor. A simple reflection approximation formula is derived which permits the rate coefficient to be given analytically in either case. The Franck-Condon factor is equal to |Ψg(RC)2|/DC, where Ψg(RC) is the ground state scattering wavefunction at the Condon point RC, where the quasimolecule is in resonance with the exciting light, and DC is the slope difference between ground and excited potentials at RC. The analytic reflection approximation formula, as well as a simple phase-amplitude formula for the intermediate range wavefunction, give excellent agreement with the results of numerical quantum mechanical calculations. The trap loss rates due to binary collisions are comparable to or exceed those due to atomic recoil heating for a wide range of detunings to the blue of atomic resonance and near the peaks of photoassociation resonances for the case of red detuning.