cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of geriatric patients in the psychiatric emergency service.

ical emergencies that are related to psychiatric medications. Possible problems include agranulocytosis secondary to antipsychotics, hypotension or cardiac conduction disturbances that are caused by the use of antipsychotics or antidepressants, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, lithium toxicity, anticholinergic delirium, and acute dystonia (4). Another critical factor in evaluating geriatric patients in the psychiatric emergency service is the risk of suicide, which is much higher among geriatric patients than younger patients. The suicide rate for white men aged 80 to 84 years is six times that of the general adult population (5). Clinicians in the psychiatric emergency service need to calibrate their index of concern about the risk of completed suicide for elderly psychiatric emergency service patients who present with depression, alcohol abuse, or other risk factors for suicide. Because of these and other special considerations that apply to the geriatric patient, we suggest certain maxims that may prove useful in guiding the clinician’s work. They are formulated as ten “do’s” and “don’t’s” for the psychiatric emergency service clinician, constituting a list that cannot claim to be comprehensive.
Blood Clotting by Low-Temperature Air Plasma

In this paper, the feasibility and effectiveness of using an air-plasma torch to clot blood are studied. The emission spectroscopy and temperature measurement of the torch show that the torch produces abundant atomic oxygen in the plasma effluent. Anticoagulated whole-blood samples (10 mulscr ) were tested for two cases: 1) sample exposed to the plasma effluent and 2) sample exposed to a heated airflow; in both cases, the increase of the sample temperature was controlled to be about the same. No indication of blood coagulation was observed in the second case; on the other hand, in the first case when the blood sample was exposed directly to the plasma effluent, a shell was formed on the surface of the blood sample. The experimental results demonstrated that this plasma torch could clot a blood sample via a nonthermal mechanism. The dependence of the degree of blood clotting on the atomic-oxygen flux was demonstrated by varying the exposure distance. Experimental results also showed that blood coagulation was seen in the treated platelet-rich plasma sample but not in the treated platelet-poor plasma sample. Moreover, plasma treatment with multiple short exposures was shown as more effective in clotting blood than that of applying a continuous exposure with the same total exposure time.
Three genes of the MAP kinase cascade, mek-2, mpk-1/sur-1 and let-60 ras, are required for meiotic cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans

In the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, meiotic cell cycle progression occurs in spatially restricted regions. Immediately after leaving the distal mitotic region, germ cells enter meiosis and thereafter remain in the pachytene stage of first meiotic prophase for an extended period. At the dorsoventral gonadal flexure, germ cells exit pachytene and subsequently become arrested in diakinesis. We have found that exit from pachytene is dependent on the function of three members of the MAP kinase signaling cascade. One of these genes, mek-2, is a newly identified C. elegans MEK (MAP kinase kinase). The other two genes, mpk-1/sur-1 (MAP kinase) and let-60 ras, were previously identified based on their roles in vulval induction and are shown here to act in combination with mek-2 to permit exit from pachytene. Through genetic mosaic analysis, we demonstrate that the expression of mpk-1/sur-1 is required within the germline to permit exit from pachytene.
Stress Symptoms and Frequency of Sexual Intercourse Among Young Women

Introduction We have previously documented the relationships between stress and depression symptoms and adolescent women's nonuse and misuse of condoms and other contraceptive methods and on their unintended pregnancy rates.
Tree-average distances on certain phylogenetic networks have their weights uniquely determined

A phylogenetic network N has vertices corresponding to species and arcs corresponding to direct genetic inheritance from the species at the tail to the species at the head. Measurements of DNA are often made on species in the leaf set, and one seeks to infer properties of the network, possibly including the graph itself. In the case of phylogenetic trees, distances between extant species are frequently used to infer the phylogenetic trees by methods such as neighbor-joining. This paper proposes a tree-average distance for networks more general than trees. The notion requires a weight on each arc measuring the genetic change along the arc. For each displayed tree the distance between two leaves is the sum of the weights along the path joining them. At a hybrid vertex, each character is inherited from one of its parents. We will assume that for each hybrid there is a probability that the inheritance of a character is from a specified parent. Assume that the inheritance events at different hybrids are independent. Then for each displayed tree there will be a probability that the inheritance of a given character follows the tree; this probability may be interpreted as the probability of the tree. The tree-average distance between the leaves is defined to be the expected value of their distance in the displayed trees. For a class of rooted networks that includes rooted trees, it is shown that the weights and the probabilities at each hybrid vertex can be calculated given the network and the tree-average distances between the leaves. Hence these weights and probabilities are uniquely determined. The hypotheses on the networks include that hybrid vertices have indegree exactly 2 and that vertices that are not leaves have a tree-child.
Circulating CXCR5+CD4+ T Follicular-Like Helper Cell and Memory B Cell Responses to Human Papillomavirus Vaccines

Through the interaction of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and B cells, efficacious vaccines can generate high-affinity, pathogen-neutralizing antibodies, and memory B cells. Using CXCR5, CXCR3, CCR6, CCR7, PD1, and ICOS as markers, Tfh-like cells can be identified in the circulation and be classified into three functionally distinct subsets that are PD1+ICOS+, PD1+ ICOS-, or PD1-ICOS-. We used these markers to identify different subsets of CXCR5+CD4+ Tfh-like cells in response to highly immunogenic and efficacious vaccines for human papillomaviruses (HPV): Cervarix and Gardasil. In this small study, we used PBMC samples from 11 Gardasil recipients, and 8 Cervarix recipients from the Vaccine Research Center 902 Study to examine the induction of circulating Tfh-like cells and IgD-CD38HiCD27+ memory B cells by flow cytometry. PD1+ICOS+ CXCR3+CCR6-CXCR5+CD4+ (Tfh1-like) cells were induced and peaked on Day (D) 7 post-first vaccination, but not as much on D7 post-third vaccination. We also observed a trend toward increase in PD1+ICOS+ CXCR3-CCR6-CXCR5+CD4+ (Tfh2-like) cells for both vaccines, and PD1+ICOS+ CXCR3-CCR6+CXCR5+CD4+ (Tfh17-like) subset was induced by Cervarix post-first vaccination. There were also minimal changes in the other cellular subsets. In addition, Cervarix recipients had more memory B cells post-first vaccination than did Gardasil recipients at D14 and D30. We found frequencies of memory B cells at D30 correlated with anti-HPV16 and 18 antibody titers from D30, and the induction levels of memory B cells at D30 and PD1+ICOS+Tfh1-like cells at D7 post-first vaccination correlated for Cervarix. Our study showed that induction of circulating CXCR5+CD4+ Tfh-like subsets can be detected following immunization with HPV vaccines, and potentially be useful as a marker of immunogenicity of vaccines. However, further investigations should be extended to different cohorts with larger sample size to better understand the functions of these T cells, as well as their relationship with B cells and antibodies.
N-Face Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor High-Electron-Mobility Transistors With AlN Back-Barrier

We present a high-performance SiN/AlGaN (cap)/GaN (channel)/AlN (barrier)/GaN (buffer) metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor grown on the N-face, in which the 2-D electron gas (2DEG) is induced at the top GaN/AlN interface. The use of AlN eliminates alloy disorder scattering to the 2DEG and provides strong back-barrier confinement of the 2DEG under high electric fields for device scaling. Devices with 0.7-mum gate length showed a current-gain cutoff frequency (fT) of 17 GHz and a power-gain cutoff frequency (f max) of 37 GHz. A continuous-wave output power density of 7.1 W/mm was measured at 4 GHz, with 58% power-added efficiency and a large-signal gain of 15.3 dB at a drain bias of 35 V.
QCD corrections to stoponium production at hadron colliders

If the lighter top squark has no kinematically allowed two-body decays that conserve flavor, then it will live long enough to form hadronic bound states. The observation of the diphoton decays of stoponium could then provide a uniquely precise measurement of the top squark mass. In this paper, we calculate the cross section for the production of stoponium in a hadron collider at next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD. We present numerical results for the cross section for production of stoponium at the LHC and study the dependence on beam energy, stoponium mass, and the renormalization and factorization scale. The cross-section is substantially increased by the NLO corrections, counteracting a corresponding decrease found earlier in the NLO diphoton branching ratio.
Oxidation States, Redox Potentials and Spin States

The status of iron as the most important and versatile metal in biological redox chemistry can be traced to a unique underlying inorganic chemistry. Essential to understanding this chemistry are the basic concepts of oxidation state, coordination number, spin state and ligand field effects. Their comprehension leads to an appreciation of active site structure and function, and invites a discussion of the factors which contribute to the wide range of iron redox potentials.
Three Dimensional Imaging by Wave-Vector Diversity

A method for the three dimensional imaging of objects by wave-vector diversity (frequency and viewing and/or illumination angle diversity) is analyzed using a Fourier Optics approach. The analysis is applicable to two classes of objects of practical interest namely weakly scattering objects and perfectly reflecting objects. It is shown that under frequency swept plane wave illumination the data collected by an array of receivers deployed in the far field of the object represents a 3-D data manifold that is within a quadratic phase factor equal to the 3-D Fourier transform of the object function. Methods for removal of the quadratic phase factor which otherwise can lead to image distortion are discussed. By invoking Fourier domain projection theorems we show that the distortion corrected 3-D data manifold can yield a reconstruction of the object slice by slice or all at once using integral holography. Similarities between wave-vector diversity imaging and possible “imaging” features in certain cetacean and in the bat are pointed out.
The use of a resistance wire, strain gauge manometer to measure intraarterial pressure.

SummaryThe use of a resistance wire, strain gauge to convert pressure to electrical energy in making direct measurements of arterial blood pressure is described. The electrical circuits involved are simple. Recording is by means of a galvanometer without the use of electronic amplifiers. The calibration of the manometer is linear, stable and relatively insensitive to temperature changes. The natural frequencies of the manometer and galvanometer are 60 and 40 cycles per second, respectively.
Ingredient profiling of fresh leaves of Ginkgo biloba over different harvest seasons using UPLC–QTOF MS~E/metabonomics

In order to provide the standard for quality control of Ginkgo biloba leaves scientifically, metabonomics was used to observe the change rules of chemical components in Ginkgo leaves in different seasons. Extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves harvested in different seasons(spring, summer and fall) was obtained by the standard extraction technology. The data was acquired by MSE method using UPLC-QTOF, which was processed to compare the component differences between different groups of Ginkgo biloba leaves by means of principal component analysis. The result shows that component differences of Ginkgo biloba leaves in different harvest seasons are obvious, and they changed regularly with time,and the content of quercetin 3-O-2''-(6'''-p-coumaroyl) glucosyl rhamnoside showed a clear downtrend from spring to summer and fall.
Adenosine triphosphate-adenosine 5'-monophosphate phosphotransferase of bovine liver mitochondria. II. General kinetic and structural properties.

Some of the kinetic and structural properties of purified adenylate kinase derived from bovine liver mitochondria have been investigated and compared with the corresponding properties of adenylate kinase from rabbit muscle. The results of studies of the isotope exchange reaction between each of the substrates at equilibrium are consistent with the two-site mechanism proposed for the skeletal muscle enzyme. Other studies show that the liver enzyme is similar to the muscle enzyme with respect to maximum catalytic rate, Km values of the several substrates, product inhibition, cation activation, and pH optimum, and therefore provide evidence that both enzymes utilize a similar reaction mechanism. Studies of the structural properties of the liver enzyme have confirmed earlier suggestions that it does not contain an essential sulfhydryl group but does contain at least one and probably two disulfide bridges which are essential for enzymatic activity. The presence of essential disulfide groups was inferred from the loss of activity when the enzyme was treated with reagents such as sodium sulfite or β-mercaptoethanol. The inactivation observed with β-mercaptoethanol could be reversed by exposure to air, which presumably results in reoxidation of the reduced disulfide bridge, or bridges. The results described in this and the preceding communication indicate that different, possibly tissue-specific, forms of adenylate kinase do exist in mammalian tissues and, therefore, that this enzyme constitutes an addition to a growing list of enzymes that exist in multiple molecular forms.
Superhearo: sensory augmentation for your friendly neighborhood vigilante

In this paper, we present a head-mounted wearable that augments the perception of quiet and distant sounds -- Superhearo. Inspired by superhero characters, this device has a dark, sleek aesthetic to appeal to a distinctive target audience, vigilantes. A small set of microphones embedded in the mask amplify soft sounds that are then processed and pushed out to a set of speakers. The enhanced audio is supplemented with haptic feedback to indicate the direction of the sound, while embedded NeoPixels provide the same information at a lower resolution for assistants. This device is a self-contained solution uniquely built for the vigilante.
Directive-Based Pipelining Extension for OpenMP

Programming models like CUDA, OpenMP, OpenACC and OpenCL are designed to offload compute-intensive workloads to accelerators efficiently. However, the naive offload model, which synchronously copies and executes in sequence, requires extensive hand-tuning of techniques, such as pipelining to overlap computation and communication. Therefore, we propose an easy-to-use, directive-based pipelining extension for OpenMP to overlap data transfers and kernel computation. This extension can map data to a pre-allocated device buffer and can automate memory-constrained array indexing and sub-task scheduling. We evaluate a prototype implementation of our approach with three different applications. The experimental results show that our approach can reduce memory usage by 52% to 97% while delivering a 1:41X to 1:65X speedup over the naive offload model.
Determination of Ion Atmosphere Effects on the Nucleic Acid Electrostatic Potential and Ligand Association Using AH+·C Wobble Formation in Double-Stranded DNA

The high charge density of nucleic acids and resulting ion atmosphere profoundly influence the conformational landscape of RNA and DNA and their association with small molecules and proteins. Electrostatic theories have been applied to quantitatively model the electrostatic potential surrounding nucleic acids and the effects of the surrounding ion atmosphere, but experimental measures of the potential and tests of these models have often been complicated by conformational changes and multisite binding equilibria, among other factors. We sought a simple system to further test the basic predictions from electrostatics theory and to measure the energetic consequences of the nucleic acid electrostatic field. We turned to a DNA system developed by Bevilacqua and co-workers that involves a proton as a ligand whose binding is accompanied by formation of an internal AH+·C wobble pair [Siegfried, N. A., et al. Biochemistry, 2010, 49, 3225]. Consistent with predictions from polyelectrolyte models, we observed logar...
Infidelity and Attachment: The Moderating Role of Race/Ethnicity

Couples therapists often describe infidelity as one of the most difficult clinical concerns to address. A contributing factor to this difficulty is the notable lack of research on extradyadic involvement (EDI) among diverse couples to develop an effective treatment approach. To address this gap in the extant literature, we examined racial/ethnic differences in the association between attachment style and EDI. We found that high attachment avoidance (fearful and dismissing) was identified as a risk factor for EDI among African American/Black participants, whereas an inverse relationship between fearful attachment and EDI was revealed among European/White participants in the sample. Further, high avoidance associated with fearful and dismissing attachment did not predict EDI among Latino participants. The comprehensive results of this study indicate that attachment—informed approaches must take cultural values and beliefs into consideration among couples affected by infidelity. Clinical implications for these findings are offered.
Multiobjective Optimization Framework for Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Vehicles in the Automated Vehicle Platooning Environment

Automated longitudinal control technology has been tested through cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC), which is envisioned to improve highway mobility drastically by forming a vehicle platoon with short headway while maintaining stable traffic flow under disturbances. Compared with previous research efforts with the pseudomultiobjective optimization process, this paper proposes an automated longitudinal control framework based on multiobjective optimization (MOOP) for CACC by taking into consideration four optimization objectives: mobility, safety, driver comfort, and fuel consumption. Of the target time headways that have been tested, the proposed CACC platoon control method achieved the best performance with 0.9- and 0.6-s target time headways. Compared with a non-optimization-based CACC, the MOOP CACC achieved 98%, 93%, 42%, and 33% objective value reductions of time headway deviation, unsafe condition, jitter, and instantaneous fuel consumption, respectively. In comparison with a single-objecti...
Access and closure for NOTES

BACKGROUND: Fundamental challenges to the safe introduction of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) are peritoneal access and closure. We describe decontamination and sterilization protocols and explain various methods to open and close the stomach and the colon endoscopically. METHODS: A literature research was undertaken using Pubmed. Personal experiences and communications were also included in this state-of-the-art report. RESULTS: For both transgastric and transcolonic procedures, decontamination protocols have shown to be effective in preventing postoperative complications in porcine models. The creation of gastrotomies can be safely done using needle knife, sphincterotome and balloon dilation. Colotomies are performed with needle knifes. A multitude of devices and methods, ranging from complicated prototypes to commercially available devices have been tested for endoscopic closure. CONCLUSIONS: Decontamination of the upper gastrointestinal entry route and creation of gastrotomies for NOTES seem to be safe in porcine models and humans. Creation and closure of colotomies were successfully performed in animal models. Further work is needed in the development of endoscopic closure devices.
Representation and conflict of interest among students on higher education governing boards

ABSTRACTStudent participation in higher education governance is commonplace in many countries around the globe. This participation can take many forms, but one prevalent form is through the inclusion of students as members of institutional governing boards, commonly called student trustees. This practice is not without critique with governance scholars often cautioning against student board membership. They cite the potential for student members to engage in representative behaviour, which may lead them to focus primarily on student issues or cast votes which may be in the best interest of themselves or their fellow students as the primary objection to student board members. This study of student trustees in the United States examines the extent to which these individuals engage in such behaviours, examining interactions between student board members and students at their institutions for signs of whether these oft states concerns have a basis in practice.
Skull base tumors. A critical appraisal and clinical series employing image guidance.

Two of the most significant developments in neurosurgery over the past ten years have been the application of intraoperative navigational units and the widespread use of “skull base” surgical techniques. These developments have independently revolutionized the way in which neurosurgeons approach intracranial pathology. The combination of these two developments has had a profound effect in our clinical practice to improve outcome and extend our capabilities. This ability to see around the corner, or “x-ray” vision as some have called it, provides an added measure of safety for the patient while allowing the surgeon to treat the lesion in a more aggressive fashion.
Machine learning for Precise Targeting of a Mobile Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Training Application

A formative study of a mobile application for introducing skills related to Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is reviewed with an eye toward next iteration design. DBT is considered the gold standard for the treatment of suicide and borderline personality disorder, among other complex behavioral disorders. A multidisciplinary design team took licensed material from the creator of DBT, Marsha Linehan, and appropriated it for the mobile phone format and context of use. We walk through the design of the application including a conversational agent (“eMarsha”), videos of Dr. Linehan discussing therapeutic concepts and skills, and a module focusing on Mindfulness training. Initial evaluation of the app was encouraging with almost all users liking the flow and conversational user interface. In this paper, we focus on future work and the use of machine learning for precision psychology.
Bioprospecting in the Berkeley Pit: The Use of Signal Transduction Enzyme Inhibition Assays to Isolate Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Extremophilic Fungi of an Acid Mine Waste Lake

Abstract The search for extremophiles conjures the image of daring adventurers exploring dramatic geologic or climatologic phenomena. Berkeley Pit Lake, however, is not buried deep in the ocean, cradled in a volcanic caldera, or marooned at the southern tip of Antarctica. Instead, it is nestled in a mineral-rich formation in the Rocky Mountains in Butte, Montana. The Berkeley Pit evolved from an open-pit copper mine to an acid mine waste lake in less than 20 years. Today, Berkeley Pit Lake is part of the largest Superfund site in the USA. The Environmental Protection Agency and Montana residents view the Berkeley Pit as an ecological time bomb, but it is something more—an evolving and dynamic ecosystem, a classic by-product of the industrial age. Although conditions within the Pit Lake system are toxic for “normal” aquatic biota, these same conditions provide an ideal environment for extremophiles. Since 1995, we have isolated over 60 fungi and bacteria from the waters and basal sediments of the Pit Lake. Specific signal transduction enzyme inhibition assays were used to guide the isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites from broth cultures of selected microbes. Compounds that were isolated based on their ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-3 have demonstrated selective activity against specific cancer cell lines in the National Cancer Institute's human cancer cell line screen. Caspase-1 inhibitors have shown selective cytotoxicity toward leukemia cell lines and have demonstrated the ability to mitigate the production of proinflammatory cytokines in induced inflammasome assays. This review describes the compounds isolated from this hostile environment and compares them to secondary metabolites isolated from other acid mine waste lakes.
The Plant Sulfolipid

Publisher Summary This chapter describes plant sulfolipid. Sulfoquinovose and its glycosides, glyceryl sulfoquinovoside and the sulfolipid, comprise the most concentrated anionic sugar derivatives in plants. As salts of a very strong sulfonic acid, they are anionic under all conditions. Sulfolipid possesses an extremely hydrophyllic moiety and two fatty ester groups. This amphipathic molecule is expected to exhibit excellent surfactant properties. Its high concentration in the lamellar lipoprotein structures of plant chloroplasts undoubtedly is a result of such properties. Its role in sulfate reduction and carbohydrate metabolism may be related to its location and orientation at important interfaces in the photosynthetic apparatus. When large quantities of sulfolipid become available, they may provide effective substitutes for synthetic surfactants in medical and industrial applications, where metabolic degradation is essential for safe or effective use.
Gene Therapy of Skeletal Muscle Disorders Using Viral Vectors

Recent progress in developing gene delivery vectors from viruses has greatly increased the prospects of gene therapy for muscular dystrophy and other disorders of striated muscle. Much of this work has been pioneered by pre-clinical studies using animal models for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. These studies have led to the development of truncated versions of dystrophin that can be carried and delivered to muscle by various viral vectors. Work using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has been particularly exciting, as several serotypes of AAV are now known to enable systemic gene delivery to striated muscles of adult mammals. Together, these studies suggest that gene therapy for skeletal muscle disorders may be a viable approach to treatment.
The Effects of Response Repetitions on Sight Word Acquisition for Students with Mild Disabilities

Single response learning trials, defined in terms of the three-term contingency model, were compared with repeated response learning trials. The purpose of Study 1 was to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of single and repeated response learning trials on sight word remediation. In Study 1, one single response learning trial having one response opportunity per word was compared to one repeated response learning trial having five response opportunities. In Study 2, three single response trials were compared to three repeated response trials. In both studies, the training conditions were compared using an alternating treatments design. Measuring the cumulative number of sight words mastered showed the training conditions equally effective. However, measuring (a) the mean duration of training sessions, (b) the cumulative frequency of words mastered per session duration, (c) the mean number of training sessions per word required for mastery, and (d) the training time per mastered word showed that the single response condition was more efficient. Discussion focuses on the need to include training data when determining best practices for teaching.
Gemstones Concentrated by Surface Waters: The Gem Gravels of Sri Lanka

When gemstones are hard and tough enough to withstand mechanical breakdown, chemically resistant to attack by natural acids or bases, and dense enough to be concentrated, they can form secondary placer or alluvial deposits. Diamonds, rubies, sapphires, jades, tourmalines, topazes, spinels, aquamarines, and chrysoberyls are but a few of the minerals that may be freed from the softer parent rock by weathering, eroded and transported down a slope to the nearest stream, and further carried along by river currents and/or wave action. Moving stream water sweeps away the lighter minerals, and the heavier placer minerals, such as diamond and corundum, sink to the bottom or are moved downstream a relatively short distance. Waves and shore currents also separate heavy minerals from lighter ones and coarse grains from finer ones. From thousands of tons of debris, the few heavy mineral grains in each ton of rock are gradually concentrated in the stream or beach gravels until they accumulate in sufficient abundance to be worth mining.
Assessment of Academic and Everyday Procrastination

As indicated in Chapter 1, there is reason to believe that procrastination is an important subject for empirical research. Tasks that are not completed promptly may reduce both individual performance and organizational effectiveness (Ferrari, 1993a; 1994). Furthermore, they may be a source of stress to those individuals who are expected to complete the tasks (McKean, 1990). Articles and books on procrastination have appeared recently in the popular press (e.g., Burka & Yuen, 1983; Cornyn-Selby, 1986; Ellis & Knaus, 1977; Gagliard, 1984; Knaus, 1973). Useful theory and research have begun to be conducted. However, before theory construction and substantial research are performed, precise measurement of the construct is needed. Our purpose in this Chapter is to address the psychometric properties of several self-report measures of procrastination.
A Comparison of Outcomes After Lower Extremity Bypass and Repeat Endovascular Intervention Following Failed Previous Endovascular Intervention for Critical Limb Ischemia.

The optimal approach for repeat revascularization after failed endovascular intervention for critical limb ischemia (CLI) is unclear. This study compared major adverse limb events (MALEs) and major...
Resource Sharing and Social Justice: An MLIS Student Intern’s Perspective of the 2018 Great Lakes Resource Sharing Conference

This paper presents a library student intern’s experience at the Great Lakes Resource Sharing Conference 2018 (GLRSC) in Perrysburg, Ohio on June 7–8. GLRSC is a regional conference aimed at traini...
Direct and highly enantioselective iso-Pictet-Spengler reactions with α-ketoamides: access to underexplored indole core structures.

Direct, one-pot, operationally simple, and highly enantioselective iso-Pictet–Spengler reactions are reported. The reactions involve the condensation of either (1H-indol-4-yl)methanamine or 2-(1H-Indol-1-yl)ethanamine with a variety of α-ketoamides, followed by the addition of a simple and commercially available chiral silicon Lewis acid. These reactions are the first asymmetric examples of these cyclization modes and provide access to 3,3-disubstituted-1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrrolo[4,3,2-de]isoquinolines and 1,1-disubstituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indoles, respectively, two relatively underexplored indole-based core structure motifs in medicinal chemistry.
Making ‘green’ fit in a ‘grey’ accounting system: The institutional knowledge system challenges of valuing urban nature as infrastructural assets

Abstract Nature is increasingly enrolled as a functional component of infrastructure in cities as municipal governments attempt to cost-effectively replace and repair deteriorating engineered infrastructures. Green infrastructure (GI) is a popular incarnation of this enrollment, most often defined in the United States (US) as the use of vegetated land (e.g. street-trees, bioswales, parks) to provide stormwater management services. However, GI is far from mainstream. While many municipalities cite technical performance uncertainty as a primary reason for this lag, institutional challenges of knowledge system integration also create road-blocks to GI management. In this paper, I argue that financial asset management (AM) standards are an important, but obscured, institutional barrier to the mainstreaming of GI in the US. I use Knowledge Systems Analysis to illuminate the institutional tensions that emerge from attempting to fit nature into existing AM practices. Primarily, tensions stem from the inability to “book” natural components of GI (such as trees, soils, vegetation) as assets as they are not recognized by US financial accounting rules and standards; this has encouraged a proliferation of highly engineered GI that contain human-made components at the expense of more ecological GI that do not contain human-made components. I first review the use of corporate AM practices in North American municipalities, and outline the general motivations for including urban nature in AM. I then zoom in on a case study in Portland, Oregon where a 2016 effort to create a city-wide Green Asset Plan encountered road-blocks that reflect the wider national knowledge system challenges surrounding making nature into infrastructure. In particular, different valuation methods (i.e. the use of replacement value vs service value) are at the heart of the conflict between accounting and ecological knowledge systems. I conclude with a discussion of the political implications of GI’s increasing standardization to fit grey infrastructure knowledge systems more broadly and the ways that this movement leads to a depoliticization of nature.
Clinical Trials in Urology: Predictors of Successes and Failures.

Purpose:Clinical trials serve as a critical source of information to guide evidence-based practices in urology. Conversely, trials that are abandoned consume significant resources and results are u...
Early Detection of the Infant at Risk Through Cry Analysis

The study of the infant cry has been approached from two general perspectives. The first is as an indicator of the biological integrity of the infant, and the second, as an influence on the caregiving environment. Figure 1 shows a theoretical model for the study of the biological and caregiving or social aspects of the cry. This model allows us to postulate direct and indirect relationships between the cry and later developmental outcome. Direct relationships are shown by the path from medical status to cry acoustics to outcome and suggest the use of the cry as a measure of the biological integrity of the infant. Indirect effects refer to the cry as a determinant of parenting behavior which in turn affects developmental outcome. For example, the acoustic characteristics of the cry as well as the amount of crying affect parenting behavior which in turn relate to later outcome.
Oncologic Problems in the Elderly

With the exception of childhood leukemias and central nervous system tumors, age is the single greatest risk factor for developing a malignancy. Sixty percent of all cancer occurs after age 60 with an incidence reaching almost one in ten by age 70. Possible etiologic factors that have been suggested include the cumulative exposure to carcinogens (both initiators and promoters) or altered host regulation mechanisms resulting in decreased immune surveillance. Disorders of immune function predispose to increase rates of malignancy. This can be demonstrated in patients with hereditary immunodeficiency, organ transplantation with immunosuppression, autoimmune disease, and following curative chemotherapy for other malignancies. Altered regulation with aging may lead to activation or “derepression” of oncogenes already present in the genome. Alternatively, the deficit may reflect a decreased ability to repair somatic mutations in DNA.
Antibiotic regimen and route of administration do not alter rates of urinary tract infection after intravesical botulinum toxin injection for overactive bladder

Guidelines vary on antibiotic prophylaxis for onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) treatment for overactive bladder (OAB). Our primary objective was to determine whether any prophylactic regimen is more effective in preventing urinary tract infection (UTI) after Botox. The secondary objective was to identify prophylactic practice patterns among female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) providers of different training backgrounds as well as general urologists. This was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study on urinary retention after Botox injection in women with and without diabetes mellitus and OAB. Women > 18 years old who underwent Botox injection for OAB between January 2013 and September 2018 were included. Exclusion criteria were history of urinary retention and neuromuscular bladder dysfunction. A total of 565 patients were included. Two hundred eighty (49.6%) were treated by OB-GYN FPMRS, 209 (37.0%) by urology FPMRS and 76 (13.5%) by general urologists. The majority (92.9%) received antibiotic prophylaxis: 44.4% received intravenous (IV) only, 8.9% received oral (PO) only, and 39.7% received combination IV and PO prophylaxis. Urology FPMRS used antibiotic prophylaxis less frequently (p = 0.003). Within 3 months, 171 patients developed UTI (30.4%). There was no difference in post-procedural UTI for any antibiotic regimen compared to no prophylaxis. No route of antibiotic administration was superior at preventing UTI. In this cohort, no route of antibiotic administration was more effective in the prevention of UTI. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not lower the rate of post-procedural UTI compared to no antibiotics.
P1.003 Assessment of Urban Emergency Response Systems: A Literature Review

Background Emergency response and preparedness is a global priority, particularly in an urbanizing world. Urban emergency response systems require complex coordination between many stakeholders. However, there are no validated tools that evaluate a city’s overall emergency response capacity and preparedness for disasters. To inform the development of such a tool, we conducted a literature review on the components, scoring systems, and the reliability of evaluation methods to measure urban emergency response and preparedness. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE identified studies, guidelines, measures, and instruments focused on evaluating emergency response and preparedness at the hospital, city, and national levels between 1983 to 2017. Studies focusing on computer simulations, and those without measurement or scoring systems were excluded. Results Out of 473 nonduplicate citations, 20 studies were included after full-text review describing 1) quantitative scoring methodologies, 2) key components of a response/preparedness plan, and 3) the development of assessment tools. Quantitative assessments of emergency preparedness or response used index scores, summary scores, performance scales, and observational checklists. Key readiness components included staff training, security and safety, leadership, and incident command structure; whereas staff knowledge, vulnerability, and functional recovery were critical for emergency response planning. Conclusion A comprehensive emergency response and preparedness tool can be developed from clearly defined components, using quantitative methods such as indices or checklists. Such a tool could help in the assessment of a city’s emergency preparedness and response capacity in a reproducible and objective manner, but will require validation in an urban environment.
Job-fit and high-performance versus high-empowerment HR: moderators of the PSM—organizational commitment relationship

Research has not given enough attention to the contextual factors that interact with public service motivation (PSM) and moderate its impact (i.e. enhance or suppress its virtuous effects). The man...
Comparison of Solid‐Liquid Separation (SLS) and Vacuum Concentration of Tomato Juice

Hot break, cold break and commercially canned tomato juice was concentrated by vacuum concentration and solid-liquid separation (SLS). Tomato products from vacuum concentration had higher soluble solids than those from SLS because of loss of soluble solids into the filtrate. Most volatile levels in vacuum concentration greatly decreased initially then remained constant during further concentration. In SLS, volatile levels linearly decreased with increasing concentration so SLS had greater retention of volatile compounds than vacuum concentration. Viscosity of the rediluted samples decreased with concentration, except in the hot break and commercial samples from SLS, which maintained the same viscosity. Samples from SLS were close to the original color while vacuum concentration was redder due to heat-induced Maillard browning. Vitamin C decreased during concentration with greater loss during SLS than vacuum concentration. SLS consumed 45 times less electric power energy than vacuum concentration, which also needed water for creating vacuum conditions. Practical Applications Solid-liquid separation (SLS) is a new technology for dewatering products, such as concentration of tomato juice. SLS does not need heat to concentrate the product; therefore, the processor may be able to reduce energy consumption while better preserving flavor and viscosity of the product.
Yea or Nay to Removing the Seat of Government: Dolley Madison and the Realities of 1814 Politics

On the evening of 24 August 1814, British troops burned down much of official Washington. Two weeks prior, President Madison had informed the recessed Congress that the “weighty concerns” of war re...
SELECTING FORECASTING METHODS

Six ways of selecting forecasting methods are described: Convenience, “what’s easy,” is inexpensive but risky. Market popularity, “what others do,” sounds appealing but is unlikely to be of value because popularity and success may not be related and because it overlooks some methods. Structured judgment, “what experts advise,” which is to rate methods against prespecified criteria, is promising. Statistical criteria, “what should work,” are widely used and valuable, but risky if applied narrowly. Relative track records, “what has worked in this situation,” are expensive because they depend on conducting evaluation studies. Guidelines from prior research, “what works in this type of situation,” relies on published research and offers a low-cost, effective approach to selection. Using a systematic review of prior research, I developed a flow chart to guide forecasters in selecting among ten forecasting methods. Some key findings: Given enough data, quantitative methods are more accurate than judgmental methods. When large changes are expected, causal methods are more accurate than naive methods. Simple methods are preferable to complex methods; they are easier to understand, less expensive, and seldom less accurate. To select a judgmental method, determine whether there are large changes, frequent forecasts, conflicts among decision makers, and policy considerations. To select a quantitative method, consider the level of knowledge about relationships, the amount of change involved, the type of data, the need for policy analysis, and the extent of domain knowledge. When selection is difficult, combine forecasts from different methods.
Presidential Succession and Inability: Before and After the Twenty-Fifth Amendment

INTRODUCTION 908 I. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS 909 II. PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION AND INABILITY PRIOR TO THE TWENTY-FIFTH AMENDMENT 911 A. The United States Constitution’s Succession Clause 911 1. Meaning of “Inability” Under the Succession Clause ........ 911 2. Who Is To Judge Whether Inability Exists? 912 a. Vice President or Other Officer upon Whom the Presidential Functions Devolve 913 b. Congress 915 c. The Judiciary 916 d. The Cabinet 917 B. History of Presidential Disability Prior to the Twenty-Fifth Amendment 918 1. Madison's Illness 918 2. Tyler Precedent 918 3. Garfield's Inability 919 4. Wilson's Inability 920 5. Eisenhower's Inabilities 921 6. Kennedy's Assassination 922 III. THE TWENTY-FIFTH AMENDMENT 922 A. Ratification 922 B. An Analysis of the Twenty-Fifth Amendment 924 C. History Post-Ratification 926 1. Reagan's Assassination Attempt 926 2. Reagan's Cancer Surgery 929 3. Appointment of Gerald Ford as Vice President 930
Evolution and Analysis of Neuromorphic Flapping Wing Flight Control

The control of insect-sized flapping-wing micro air vehicles is attracting increasing interest. Solution of the problem requires construction of a controller that is physically small, extremely power efficient, and capable. In addition, process variation in the creation of very small wings and armatures as well as the potential for accumulating damage and wear over the course of a vehicle's lifetime suggest that controllers be able to self-adapt to the specific and possibly changing nature of the vehicles in which they are embedded. Previous work with Evolvable Hardware Continuous Time Recurrent Neural Networks (CTRNNs) as applied to adaptive control of walking in legged robots suggests that CTRNNs may provide a suitable control solution for flapping-wing micro air vehicles. However, upon complete analysis, it can be seen that perceived similarities between the two problems are somewhat superficial, and that flapping-wing vehicle control requires its own study. This dissertation constitutes the first attempt to apply evolved CTRNN devices to the control of a feasible flapping-wing micro air vehicle. It is organized as a sequence of control experiments of increasing difficulty and explores the following issues, development of behavior-based analog circuit modules, architectures to combine those modules into multi-functional controllers, low-level circuit analyses to explain how evolved modules operate and interact. Also included are experiments in the creation of physically polymorphic behavior modules that combine multiple flight functions into a monolithic analog device. In addition to providing first-of-its-kind feasibility results, this dissertation develops a new frequency-grouping based analysis method to explain the operation of evolved devices.