cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shear velocity structure in the Eastern United States from the inversion of surface-wave group and phase velocities

Abstract : Single-station group velocities at periods between 4 and 70 seconds and single-station phase velocities at periods between 10 and 50 seconds are obtained for a broad region of the eastern United States for both Rayleigh and Love waves. These data were obtained by the single-station method using earthquakes with known fault-plane solutions in the central United States. The group velocity data are combined with earlier acquired attenuation data to yield Q values for Rayleigh and Love waves in the eastern United States. Inversions of the dispersion curves for shear-velocity models of the crust and upper mantle indicate that all of the data can be explained satisfactorily by a single model which is isotropic in its elastic properties. This model includes a surface layer of low-velocity sediments, and is characterized by upper crustal shear- wave velocities which increase from 3.4 to 3.7 km/sec with increasing depth, by lower crustal shear-wave velocities between 4.0 and 3.8 km/sec, and by an upper- most mantle shear-wave velocity of about 4.8 km/sec. The fundamental-mode data of this study do not require a low-velocity zone in either the crust or upper mantle. Higher-mode velocities and wave forms, although having potentially greater resolving power than the fundamental-mode data, were too inconsistent to contribute to the elucidation of detailed features of the crust-upper mantle model.
Continuous visual field test supervision may not always be necessary.

Abstract Objective To assess the effect of supervision on computerized visual field (VF) performance and to determine what patient characteristics predict poor unsupervised performance. Design Randomized, crossover, cross-sectional, clinical trial. Participants Two hundred unselected patients with definite or suspect glaucoma or neuro-ophthalmic VF indication participated. Intervention All patients completed two 30–2 tests of one eye on a Humphrey perimeter, one with continuous active technician supervision and one without supervision after the initial 2 minutes of the test. Main outcome measures Visual field reliability and global VF indices were measured. Results Supervision had a positive effect on overall reliability ( P = 0.04) but not on individual reliability parameters or any of the global VF indices. There was no difference between Humphrey Field Analyzers I and II in the need for supervision. Predictors of need for supervision were low educational level and a prior test result with false-positive responses. Predictors of an unreliable test were advanced age and a prior test with a high proportion of fixation losses. Conclusion Supervision is necessary for those with risk factors for unsatisfactory perimetry such as advanced age, low level of formal education, and prior test results with false-positive responses or high fixation losses; in the remainder, omission of supervision can be considered.
A new large and colourful species of the genus Doto (Nudibranchia: Dotidae) from South Africa

A new species of the genus Doto is described from the Cape Peninsula of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. To date, the genus Doto is probably one of the more complex and poorly defined genera within nudibranchs. The very small body size and very similar external and internal features make this genus problematic and, therefore, poorly studied. Despite the large number of described species around the world, only three species are known to be present in South Africa: Doto coronata (Gmelin, 1791), Doto pinnatifida (Montagu, 1804) and Doto rosea Trinchese, 1881. Morphologically, Doto splendida sp. nov. is easily distinguished from all its South African congeneric species by its conspicuous colouration. In addition, mitochondrial and nuclear genes clearly separate the new species from other species from southern Africa. A molecular phylogeny based on two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and one nuclear (H3) gene is herein presented. This phylogeny includes all available species of Doto (valid and unidentified...
Defining and implementing Fortran generic abstract data types

Abstract The Fortran Abstract Data (FAD) project encourages and enforces the encapsulation of generic abstract data types (ADTs) in a Fortran programming environment, using a preprocessor, database, and object library. The FAD database contains information about ADT subroutines and functions; the FAD library contains the compiled bodies of the ADT subprograms. Once ADT implementations have been installed in the FAD database and library, Fortran programmers can declare and use ADT variables. The FAD preprocessor use ADT translates a user's ADT references into traditional Fortran and prohibits illegal use of ADT variables. Thereafter, the standard Fortran compiler and linker-loader are used with the FAD Fortran library and other libraries. The FAD database can be created by experienced Fortran implementors with the FAD tool make ADT. A parser-generator system is employed to generate the parse tables and substantial program fragments of use ADT and make ADT. This approach facilitates extensions to FAD and porting to new dialects of Fortran. The paper contends that the Fortran programming language should be extended to include better data abstraction facilities and demonstrates that this extension can be accomplished without severe run-time efficiency penalties. The intended audience is programmers and managers who regularly use Fortran.
Social Skill Performances of Learning Disabled, Non-Learning Disabled and Delinquent Adolescents.

Two controversial issues in the field of learning disabilities concern whether LD adolescents exhibit social skills deficits when compared to their nonhandicapped peers, and whether such deficits have a negative impact on the lives of LD adolescents and young adults. The purpose of this study was to address the first issue by comparing LD adolescents' social skills performances on eight general social skills to the performances of two other groups of youths: a group of nonhandicapped adolescents who were members of a high-school band (non-LD) and a group of court-adjudicated juvenile delinquent adolescents who had been referred for social skills training by their probation officers (JD). Social skills were tested individually in role-playing situations. The results showed that the non-LD youths performed significantly better than the other two groups of youths on seven of the eight skills. The LD youths were found to perform significantly better than the JD youths on only one skill, resisting peer pressur...
Evidence for separate pathways within the tecto-geniculate projection in the tree shrew

Abstract Two layers (3 and 6) in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLd) of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) receive projections from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. The goal of this study was to determine whether the same or different cells in the superior colliculus give rise to the projections to layers 3 and 6 by following individual axons labeled with biocytin from the superior colliculus to the GLd. The results show that the terminal fields differ in the two layers--those in layer 3 are restricted to a line of projection, whereas those in layer 6 are elongated along the dimension orthogonal to a line of projection. Another important difference between axons that project to GLd layers 3 and 6 is that those that project to layer 6 give off collaterals to the posterior pretectal nucleus, whereas at least some axons that project to layer 3 send a collateral to the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (GLv). These results suggest that the superior colliculus exerts separate influences on these two GLd layers, both of which project to separate targets above layer IV in the striate cortex. The biocytin method has proved useful by showing the dendritic trees of the superior colliculus cells of origin, the pathways taken by the axons (including the presence of collaterals), and the terminal fields both within and outside the GLd.
Characterization of Rockwell Scientific LWIR HgCdTe detector arrays

Future infrared space missions will undoubtedly employ passively cooled focal plane arrays (T ~ 30K), as well as passively cooled telescopes. Most long-wave detector arrays (e.g. Si:As IBC) require cooling to temperatures of ~ 6-8K. We have been working with Rockwell Scientific Company to produce ≥ 10 μm cutoff HgCdTe detector arrays that, at temperatures of ~ 30K, exhibit sufficiently low dark current and sufficiently high detective quantum efficiency, as well as high uniformity in these parameters, to be interesting for astronomy. Our goal is to achieve dark current below the target value of ~30 e-/s/pixel with at least 60mV of actual reverse bias across the diodes at T ~ 30K. To this end, Rockwell Scientific Company has delivered the first array in a new order, for characterization in Rochester. Recent array deliveries of 10μm cutoff HgCdTe bonded to a Hawaii-1RG multiplexer utilize the smallest capacitance diode type. We present preliminary results on this latest 10 μm cutoff HgCdTe low dark current detector array.
Transfer RNA of a collagen producing tissue, chick-embryo calvaria

Transfer RNa was isolated from calvaria prepared from chick embryos incubated for 15–17 days. The chargeability of the unfractionated tRNA with ten amino acids tested was very similar to that of unfractionated tRNA from adult chicken liver when data were expressed on the basis of pmoles of amino acceptance per A260 unit of tRNA. However, the relative amount of tRNA in calvaria is only about one-fourth the amount in liver. Analysis of individual species of tRNA by two-dimensional electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels shows that there are fewer isoaccepting species of tRNA in calvaria than in liver.
Finite sample size effects in transformation kinetics

The effect of finite sample size on the kinetic law of phase transformations is considered. The case where the second phase develops by a nucleation and growth mechanism is treated under the assumption of isothermal conditions and constant and uniform nucleation rate. It is demonstrated that for spherical particle growth, a thin sample transformation formula given previously is an approximate version of a more general transformation law. The thin sample approximation is shown to be reliable when a certain dimensionless thickness is small. The latter quantity, rather than the actual sample thickness, determines when the usual law of transformation kinetics valid for bulk (large dimension) samples must be modified.
A new Choristodere (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Oligocene of France: An example of the Lazarus effect

Abstract Lazarussuchus inexpectatus, nov. gen., nov. sp. from the Oligocene, is a new form of Choristodera which extends the longevity of this clade into the Middle Tertiary. It bears a remarkable assemblage of primitive characters. In this respect it is similar to the middle and late Jurassic form, Cteniogenys, than to the more derived highly aquatic forms of the Cretaceous and Paleocene. Some morphological features indicate it is more terrestrial than any other genus in the Choristodera.
STIM1 Is a Calcium Sensor Specialized for Digital Signaling

When cells are activated by calcium-mobilizing agonists at low, physiological concentrations, the resulting calcium signals generally take the form of repetitive regenerative discharges of stored calcium, termed calcium oscillations [1]. These intracellular calcium oscillations have long fascinated biologists as a mode of digitized intracellular signaling. Recent work has highlighted the role of calcium influx as an essential component of calcium oscillations [2]. This influx occurs through a process known as store-operated calcium entry, which is initiated by calcium sensor proteins, STIM1 and STIM2, in the endoplasmic reticulum [3]. STIM2 is activated by changes in endoplasmic reticulum calcium near the resting level, whereas a threshold of calcium depletion is required for STIM1 activation [4]. Here we show that, surprisingly, it is STIM1 and not STIM2 that is exclusively involved in calcium entry during calcium oscillations. The implication is that each oscillation produces a transient drop in endoplasmic reticulum calcium and that this drop is sufficient to transiently activate STIM1. This transient activation of STIM1 can be observed in some cells by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. This arrangement nicely provides a clearly defined and unambiguous signaling system, translating a digital calcium release signal into calcium influx that can signal to downstream effectors.
Boundary layer characteristics over areas of inhomogeneous surface fluxes

Abstract This paper describes results from a June 1992 field program to study the response of the boundary layer over a site with well-defined extreme differences in sensible and latent heat fluxes over clearly separated areas, each with characteristic length scales of 10 km or more. The experiment region consisted of semiarid grassland steppe and irrigated farmland. Sensible heat flux maxima over the steppe regularly reached values in excess of 300 W m−2 and were typically a factor of 4 or more greater than those over the farmland. Two days were selected for analysis: one with moderate winds of 710 m s−1 and one with lighter winds of 47 m s−1 over the steppe. In both cases the wind directions were nearly perpendicular to the boundary between the steppe and farm. An analysis of potential temperature soundings showed that mixed-layer characteristics over both the farm and the steppe were largely determined by heating over the steppe, with advection from the steppe to the farm playing a significant role. ...
Duck Raising in China

(1946). Duck Raising in China. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 151-154.
Acute and Long-Term Bupropion Therapy: Response and Side Effects

AbstractPatients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder were begun on bupropion with increases to a maximum of 450 mg/day. Fifteen of 23 patients in the acute study had at least a 50% fall in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) after a mean of 4.6 weeks (27% within 2 weeks). Thirteen (57%) had side effects, but none involved major adverse events, requiring discontinuation or reduction in dose. Onset of side effects preceeded clinical response (p = 0.05). Side effects were not related to dose or blood level. Long-term follow-up of 25 patients who responded for 12.0 ± 5.7 months was associated with a plateau at 2 months, with duration of side effects of 2.2 ± 2.8 months, and with relapse in only one patient (4%), who developed a blood level of 107 ng/mL and regained remission on reduction of dosage. Thus, bupropion is an effective acute and long-term treatment for depression with stabilization after 2 months, and with few side effects that may occur prior to clinical response but resolve q...
Testing whether a life distribution is new better than used in the tail

A new class of life distributions, called new better than used of age t 0 and beyond (NBU-[t 0, ∞)), is introduced. It includes the class of new better than used (NBU) life distribution and is included in the class of new better than used of a specified age t 0(NBU − t 0). Testing whether a life distribution is exponential in [t 0, ∞) versus that it is NBU there is presented both when t 0 is known or when it is unknown but can be estimated. The special case when t 0 is the p-th percentile of the distribution leads to an asymptotically distribution-free procedure whether it is known or not.
A First-Day Realia Activity: “Was ist in dem Umschlag?”

The first day of class is in many ways the most important one of the term. Our students come into our classrooms that first day alert to everything around them, eager to piece together clues that will answer their ill-defined yet urgent question: "What is this course going to be like?" What we say and, perhaps more importantly, what we do on the first day of class is crucial, creating a first impression that sets the tone for the rest of the term. We know, of course, the anxieties, uncertainties, and skepticism that often lurk behind the question "What is this course going to be like?" What our students are really wondering about-beyond how many vocabulary items they'll have to learn each week, when and how often they will be tested, and what percentage of their grade the final exam will be worth-are much deeper issues: Will I like my instructor? If the instructor speaks in German, will I understand what is going on? What are my classmates going to be like? How will I measure up to the rest of the class? Will I enjoy class time, or will it be the most boring part of my week? If I make an embarrassing mistake, will everyone laugh at me? Will I be able to succeed? My goals for the first class period, beyond matters the syllabus can easily explain, focus on providing an adequate answer to the students' unspoken questions. On that very first day, I want my students to feel invited to enter a community of learners with me and their fellow students; I want them to experience the classroom as a place that will feed their enthusiasm for the German language and culture; and I want them to learn to conceive of themselves as competent, able language learners with a generous fund of knowledge and skills already in place. These goals are not as easy to achieve as communicating straightforward course requirements, expectations, and policies--especially within the space of the average class hour-but it is not an impossible task. One activity I have used successfully on the first day of class ata variety of levels, "Was ist in dem Umschlag?," addresses all three of these goals in a natural, efficient, and enjoyable way. When combined with a brief communicative activity in German that establishes the proficiency-oriented nature of the classroom and a somewhat detailed look at the syllabus that takes care of practical matters, I have found this activity to be an effective and enjoyable way of starting the term that gives the students a clear picture of "what the course will be like."
Uniformed Rebellion, Fabricated Identity: A Study of Social History of Red Guards in Military Uniforms during the Chinese Cultural Revolution and Beyond

AbstractThis case study investigates, from the perspectives of politics, ideology, social psychology, and culture, the many layered meanings interwoven into the quasi-uniform that Chinese Red Guards invented and donned during the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), one of the biggest political tragedies of the twentieth century. The Red Guards were inspired and encouraged by Mao Zedong and a few of his cohorts, and were essentially self-invented urban adolescents with various social backgrounds and political motivations. The Red Guard's attire that took form by mixing some parts of the uniform of the People's Liberation Army—grass-green jacket, soft cloth cap with red star insignia, belt with a broad metallic buckle, and the self-made red armband—served as a crucial means of inventing and shaping their group identity and their ideological pursuits. Politically, their attire signaled the Red Guards’ support of Mao in his war against the “capitalist roaders.” Ideologically, it symbolized the Red Guard community'...
THE CORRELATION OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED UNIMORPHS AS A FUNCTION OF MECHANICAL STRAIN AND DISPLACEMENT

ABSTRACT Prestressed Unimorph-type actuators are being adapted for industrial applications previously not envisioned for piezoelectric based technology. These include electronically controlled diesel valve injectors, non-resonance fluidic pumps and low-stroke linear motors. To expand the range of applications and refine the design of these actuators for additional technologies, the effects of load placement, force distribution and mounting must be investigated in order to retrofit existing devices and systems. This research uses several sets of multi-strain gauged THUNDER actuators mounted in a fully compliant test fixture equipped with an LVDT and weight system and to characterize the room temperature strain and displacement as a function of mechanical loading. The results will be used to refine computational models that aid in the design of these actuators for future applications.
Structure sensitivity of methanol electrooxidation on transition metals.

We have investigated the structure sensitivity of methanol electrooxidation on eight transition metals (Au, Ag, Cu, Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, and Ni) using periodic, self-consistent density functional theory (DFT-GGA). Using the adsorption energies of 16 intermediates on two different facets of these eight face-centered-cubic transition metals, combined with a simple electrochemical model, we address the differences in the reaction mechanism between the (111) and (100) facets of these metals. We investigate two separate mechanisms for methanol electrooxidation: one going through a CO* intermediate (the indirect pathway) and another that oxidizes methanol directly to CO2 without CO* as an intermediate (the direct pathway). A comparison of our results for the (111) and (100) surfaces explains the origin of methanol electrooxidation’s experimentally-established structure sensitivity on Pt surfaces. For most metals studied, on both the (111) and (100) facets, we predict that the indirect mechanism has a higher onset po...
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Skull Base Meningiomas

Meningiomas are the most common nonglial brain tumors. They tend to be slow growing and benign and can reach substantial sizes before becoming symptomatic. Complete surgical resection of intracranial meningiomas remains the treatment of choice. Location of a meningioma within the cranial vault may make complete surgical resection unlikely; tumors arising from the dura of the skull base are particularly challenging. Advances in radiation therapy, including stereotactic techniques, can expand the options for treatment available in these situations. They may be used as adjuncts to surgery or as alternative modalities in the treatment of these complex tumors.
What do clinical trials tell us about treating patients

Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) are the cornerstone of evidencebased medicine. Physicians, neurologists, movement disorders specialists, policy makers, politicians and the public are all intensely interested in the results of RCTs to guide treatment of illness and determine what is “approved” for insurance purposes as a “proven” therapy. The assumption is that the results of RCTs provide the answer to the question posed in this article – “What do clinical trials tell us about treating patients?” Not only is the assumption that RCTs provide the specific answer of the best approach to treating an individual patient, there is also the widespread opinion (belief) that if there is no RCT, there is no evidence-based medicine solution and therefore treatments without RCT evidence are not evidencebased and not of value – literally not helpful to patients and not worth paying for. Much of the discussion of the “waste” in the United States health care system is laid at the doorstep of “unproven treatments” which do not improve our health, but are costly. This article will review the strengths and weaknesses of RCTs. In particular, it will describe the relationship of trial results to an individual patient. In movement disorders, a large number of RCTs have been conducted over the last 30 years which have advanced our understanding of the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, tics, Huntington’s disease, tardive dyskinesia and more. In Parkinson’s disease carefully conducted pharmaceutical industry and federally supported trials of new therapeutic agents have helped neurologists to determine “best” possible treatment strategies for their patients. Despite the wealth of RCT data, controversy about aspects of treating de novo Parkinson’s disease patients continue [1–4]. This article will not discuss the specifics of any of these outcome trials – e.g., levodopa vs. each of the agonists [5–9], COMT inhibitors in motor fluctuations of Parkinson’s disease [10,11], MAO inhibitors in early and advanced Parkinson’s disease [12–14] or the numerous failed neuroprotection trials [15– 18]. Instead, the role of RCTs in establishing therapy and how that therapy relates to individual patients will be addressed.
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) presenting with laryngeal stridor and vocal fold paresis.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common inherited muscle disorder and may present in numerous ways due to characteristic multisystem involvement. We report a 47-year-old man who presented with an 8-year history of slowly progressive dyspnea and episodic stridor. The laryngeal paresis was documented with videostroboscopy and laryngeal electromyography, and treated with tracheostomy and antimyotonia agents.
N- versus C-Domain Selectivity of Catalytic Inactivation of Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme by Lisinopril-Coupled Transition Metal Chelates

The N- and C-terminal domains of human somatic angiotensin I converting enzyme (sACE-1) demonstrate distinct physiological functions, with resulting interest in the development of domain-selective inhibitors for specific therapeutic applications. Herein, the activity of lisinopril-coupled transition metal chelates was tested for both reversible binding and irreversible catalytic inactivation of each domain of sACE-1. C/N domain binding selectivity ratios ranged from 1 to 350, while rates of irreversible catalytic inactivation of the N- and C-domains were found to be significantly greater for the N-domain, suggesting a more optimal orientation of M–chelate–lisinopril complexes within the active site of the N-domain of sACE-1. Finally, the combined effect of binding selectivity and inactivation selectivity was assessed for each catalyst (double-filter selectivity factors), and several catalysts were found to cause domain-selective catalytic inactivation. The results of this study demonstrate the ability to ...
Recommended revisions to American Dental Association guidelines for acceptance of chemotherapeutic products for gingivitis control

This paper presents suggested revisions to the American Dental Association's 1985 guidelines for acceptance of anti-gingivitis chemotherapeutic agents. The areas of study design, choice and quality control of clinical gingivitis measurements, statistical analysis, and minimum strength of effect, are addressed. The revisions articulate certain aspects of study design which were implicit in the 1985 guidelines, clarify language on cross-over designs and independence of studies, and recommend use of a United States population in at least one trial supporting a product. Separate recording and analysis of a product's effect on gingival bleeding is proposed, and quality control of clinical measurements receives enhanced emphasis. Modestly elaborated statistical reporting guidelines and strengthened approval criteria, based on size of estimated effect as well as statistical significance, are advocated.
Smoking urges and relapse among lung cancer patients: findings from a preliminary retrospective study

Abstract Background. As part of a prospective study of relapse to smoking among previously resected lung cancer patients, we conducted a retrospective survey to examine factors that may contribute to relapse. Methods. Patients who had smoked within 3 months before surgery completed measures assessing demographic characteristics, smoking urges, depression, social support, and psychological reactance. Results. Of 43 participants, 19 had relapsed at some point since surgery and 13 were currently smoking. Patients were at relatively low risk of relapse immediately following hospitalization, but at greater risk beginning 2 months later. Younger age and lower educational level predicted current smoking and shorter time to relapse. Craving to smoke was measured as: Appetitive urge (anticipation of pleasure) and Aversive urge (avoidance of negative affect). Both were greater among current smokers. Aversive urge was significantly correlated with depression. Those high on both psychological reactance and Directive social support had heightened Appetitive urges. Conclusion. Among lung cancer patients, relapse to smoking may be delayed several months but remains a problem. Appetitive and Aversive motivational pathways and associated urges appear useful in organizing study of the role of psychosocial factors such as depression and social support in relapse to smoking in this group.
An Experimental Study of a Jet Issuing From a Lifting Wing

An experimental program was conducted to determine the behavior of a round turbulent jet issuing from a lifting two-dimensional wing in crossflow. The jet was located at 65% wing chord on an NACA 0021 airfoil fitted with a 30% chord NACA 4415 flap. The flowfield associated with the jet was surveyed extensively with directional pressure probes to determine local velocity vectors and pressures for three different values of lift coefficient at jet effective velocity ratios (square root of the ratio of the jet dynamic pressure to the freestream dynamic pressure) of 4, 6, and 8. Data describing the jet centerline and the path of the contrarotating vortices accompanying the deflected jet are presented and compared with similar data for a round jet issuing from a large flat plate. The spacing and strength of the vortices are calculated using a simple vortex model previously proposed for the flat plate case. The results show that the penetration of the jet and the vortices increases significantly with increasing lift for the range of test parameters covered in the study. The calculated vortex spacing and strength also show an increase with lift.
A simulation analysis of demand and fleet size effects on taxicab service rates

The research presented in this paper was directed at understanding the dynamic interaction between demand, service rate, and policy alternatives in a typical urban taxi system. The general nature of such systems is discussed and a SLAM II simulation model of the system introduced. A series of experiments with the model indicate that customer waiting time is relatively insensitive to changes in demand but highly sensitive to changes in the number of taxi cabs.
AIR TRANSPORTATION AND URBAN-ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING: COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE US CAROLINAS

The theoretical agenda of this paper is to bring airports and airline operations more squarely into the mainstream of the urban and regional development literature. The paper examines the spatial and temporal patterns of air passenger flows by airport in the US Carolinas. An emphasis is placed on articulating the linkages that exist between airport operations at the local level, the structural composition of the regional economy, and the competitive strategies of the airline industry. Particular attention was paid to administrative and auxiliary employment levels because it is a knowledge-based producer service that tends to seek out markets that offer high levels of air service connectivity to other places. A major finding in this paper is that those US Carolina airports that experienced significant gains in air passenger volume (e.g., Charlotte and Raleigh-Durham) tended to experience comparable gains in the employment levels of administrative and auxiliary workers, particularly in the manufacturing sector.
Reggeon diagram technique for inclusive processes in the triple-Regge limit

We derive rules for evaluating Regge branch-cut corrections to the triple-Regge regime of inclusive reactions. Our approach is to study classes of hybrid field-theory graphs for the six-point function and to set up a constructive procedure for evaluating the contributions with discontinuities in the missing mass. We find that all contributions, cut and pole, can be given in terms of a single partial-wave amplitude and our rules are for constructing that. The rules are then cast into a form appropriate for a Reggeon field-theory evaluation of this partial-wave amplitude, and a renormalization-group attack on the problem is outlined. This latter work is especially relevant for the case when Pomeron exchange is permitted and a nonperturbative evaluation of the partial-wave amplitude near ${J}_{i}\ensuremath{\approx}1$ and ${t}_{i}\ensuremath{\approx}0$ is required.
Psychophysiological correlates of 'bipolarity'.

Abstract Four hundred patients with major affective disorders were divided into six groups based on lifetime composite evaluations of the intensity, frequency, and duration of their high energy-positive mood states. This division was termed degree of ‘bipolarity’. Within the non-bipolar I patients (groups 1–4) the rating of ‘bipolarity’ was found to be significantly positively associated with enuresis, classical migraine, Raynaud's disease, learning disorders, fingernail biting, and episodic phenomena. The possible significance of this non-bipolar I ‘bipolarity’ continuum construct is discussed. A significant discontinuity was found between ‘bipolarity’ groups 5/6 and group 4 in six of the 14 psychophysiologic conditions evaluated.
Membranes from nanoporous 1D and 2D materials: A review of opportunities, developments, and challenges

Membranes utilizing nanoporous one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) materials are emerging as attractive candidates for applications in molecular separations and related areas. Such nanotubular and nanolayered materials include carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanotubes, layered zeolites, porous layered oxides, layered aluminophosphates, and porous graphenes. By virtue of their unique shape, size, and structure, they possess transport properties that are advantageous for membrane and thin film applications. These materials also have very different chemistry from more conventional porous 3D materials, due to the existence of a large, chemically active, external surface area. This feature also necessitates the development of innovative strategies to process these materials into membranes and thin films with high performance. This work provides the first comprehensive review of this emerging area. We first discuss approaches for the synthesis and structural characterization of nanoporous 1D and 2D materials. Thereafter, we elucidate different approaches for fabrication of membranes and thin films from these materials, either as multiphase (composite/hybrid) or single-phase membranes. The influence of surface chemistry and processing techniques on the membrane morphology is highlighted. We then discuss the applications of such membranes in areas relating to molecular transport and separation, e.g. gas and liquid-phase separations, water purification, and ion-conducting membranes. The review concludes with a discussion of the present outlook and some of the key scientific challenges to be addressed on the path to industrially applicable membranes containing nanoporous 1D and 2D materials.
A Study of Isothermal Simple Shear Flow Followed by Nonisothermal Stress Relaxation in a Low Thermal Inertia Molding

Abstract An isothermal simple shear flow followed by nonisothermal stress relaxation resembles the flow behavior in the low thermal inertia molding [1] operation where the mold surface is heated rapidly to the temperature of the incoming melt during the filling stage and then cooled to eject the part. Although the analysis presented neglects the unsteady flow in filling the mold, it predicts how the stress induced by simple shear flow of a viscoelastic medium relaxes within the molded part. Since the mechanical behavior of the molded part is influenced greatly by the residual stress, the predicted residual stress is important in providing the mechanical properties of the molded part.
How poorer quality of life in adolescence predicts subsequent type 1 diabetes management and control

Objective Detriments in quality of life (QOL) may contribute to the common, costly decline in adolescents’ type 1 diabetes management and control, yet we know little about how this might happen.
Univariate cubic L p splines and shape-preserving, multiscale interpolation by univariate cubic L 1 splines

Abstract Univariate cubic L p interpolating splines, 1≤ p ≤∞, defined by minimizing the L p norm of the second derivative over a finite-dimensional spline space, are introduced. Cubic L 2 splines, which coincide with conventional cubic splines, and cubic L ∞ splines do not preserve shape well. In contrast, cubic L 1 splines provide C 1 -smooth, shape-preserving, multiscale interpolation of arbitrary data, including data with abrupt changes in spacing and magnitude, with no need for monotonicity or convexity constraints, node adjustment or other user input. Extensions to higher-degree and higher-dimensional L 1 splines are outlined. Cubic L 1 splines are particularly useful in modeling terrain, geophysical features, biological objects and financial processes.
Using domain knowledge in low-level visual processing to interpret handwritten music: an experiment

Abstract Turning handwritten scores into engraved scores consumes a significant portion of music publishing companies' budgets. Pattern recognition is the major bottleneck holding up automation of this process. Human beings who know music can easily read a handwritten score, but without musical knowledge, even people cannot correctly perceive the markings in a handwritten score. This paper reports an experiment in which knowledge of music, a highly structured domain is applied to extract primitive musical features. This experiment shows that if the domain of image processing is well defined, significant improvements in low-level segmentations can be achieved.
Thermal constriction resistance due to non-uniform surface conditions; contact resistance at non-uniform interface pressure

Thermal constriction resistance due to nonuniform metal surface conditions, considering macroscopic contact resistance for nonuniform interface pressure distribution
The 2 STEP: an approach to repeating a serial transverse enteroplasty.

Abstract Purpose The serial transverse enteroplasty procedure (STEP) procedure is a successful and safe approach to lengthen small bowel in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). However, postlengthening dilatation may occur, which can lead to bacterial overgrowth and malabsorption. We addressed this problem by reperforming the STEP in 2 patients. Methods Two infants underwent the STEP procedure at 3 days and at 4 months of life for SBS secondary to intestinal atresia and gastroschisis. The patients' small bowel lengths were 20 and 32 cm before and 25 and 52 cm after the initial STEP. Nine and 8.5 months afterward, the patients developed dilatation of the small bowel and feeding intolerance. A second STEP procedure was undertaken with additional transverse firings of staplers between previously lengthened segments and tapering of redundant blind-ending portions of bowel. Results At operation, the bowel lengths were 45 and 62 cm. The second STEP left the patients with 61 and 73 cm of small bowel with a normalization of intestinal diameter. The first patient is doing well 5 months after surgery, and the second child tolerated increased enteral intake but died 1 year later from total parenteral nutrition-related liver failure. Conclusions This is the first report of a successful application of a second STEP procedure to further lengthen small bowel in SBS patients. Reapplication of the procedure requires careful stapling and a removal of small blind-ending segments to avoid further stasis.
Stream Restoration in the Pacific Northwest: Analysis of Interviews with Project Managers

Hundreds of millions of dollars per year are spent on river restoration in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), but little is known about the effectiveness of this effort. To help address this gap, we analyzed a database containing 23,000 projects at 35,000 locations in the region. We selected a subset of these projects for interviews using a survey instrument developed by a national team of scientists. In total, 47 project contacts in the PNW were interviewed to learn from the individuals directly involved in restoration. At least one-third of the projects surveyed (34%) did not conduct sufficient monitoring to evaluate effectiveness. More than two-thirds (70%) of all respondents reported their projects were successful, but 43% either have no success criteria or are unaware of any criteria for their project. Although almost two-thirds (66%) of respondents anticipate a need for ongoing project maintenance, less than half (43%) have maintenance funds available. These findings suggest that establishing a connection between effectiveness monitoring and project implementation is not a usual component of project design. Consequently, we can only assess the benefits in a few isolated projects and cannot quantify the cumulative benefits of restoration on a larger scale. These findings highlight the need for (1) planning prior to implementation of restoration projects that accounts for monitoring design; (2) coordinated effectiveness monitoring to assess cumulative effects of restoration; and (3) management and maintenance of projects based on real measures of project performance.
Generating functions in support of series study in calculus

ABSTRACT The question “Can calculus courses be taught in a more interesting way?” frequently arises in both classroom and faculty room situations. Many teachers and students believe the answer is “yes”. The next logical question is “How do you make it happen?”. The answer to this question, however, is not as simple. It varies with the individual answering the question. Many answers are different but all are thoughtful. This paper explores a possible connection between generating function techniques and the convergence of series in calculus. It presents an example of making calculus more interesting by using a variety of ways to solve a calculus problem. This example also demonstrates how one can enhance students' problem solving and critical thinking skills. A simple way of introducing basic generating function concepts and techniques is presented. An interesting way of showing is also included.
The Suburbanization of Producer Service Employment

. Washington DC is the center of the nation's ninth largest metropolitan area (PMSA), home to 4.4 million people and 2.9 million employees in a web of 25 separate, autonomous municipalities spanning three states and the District of Columbia. As such, the region is a good place to analyze the pattern of suburbanization of producer service employment over the past 25 years. In addition to overall suburbanization, the metropolitan area has seen changes in the nature and role of its dominant economic force, the federal government. Direct federal employment has stagnated while federal contracts to private companies have soared. Producer service employment seemed to increase in importance in jurisdictions away from the region's core, simultaneous with increases in total employment, following increases in federal contracting, and independent of increases in federal employment. These trends have affected the growth of producer service employment across the metropolitan area, encouraging their suburbanization. By subjecting our initial models to sub-sector data and analysis of temporal trends in the coefficients, we uncover the uniqueness of legal services and additional evidence of suburbanization over time.
Minimal Realizations of Spatial Stiffnesses with Parallel or Serial Mechanisms Having Concurrent Axes

This article presents a new method for the synthesis of an arbitrary spatial elastic behavior with an elastic mechanism. The mechanisms considered are parallel and serial mechanisms with concurrent axes. We show that any full-rank spatial stiffness matrix can be realized using a parallel mechanism with all spring axes intersecting at a unique point. It is shown that this intersection point must be the center of stiffness. We also show that any full-rank spatial compliance matrix can be realized using a serial mechanism with all joint axes intersecting at a unique point. This point is shown to be the center of compliance. Synthesis procedures for mechanisms with these properties are provided. The realizations are shown to be minimal in the sense that both the number of screw components and the total number of components are minimum. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tie Me Up, Tie Me Down: Inhibiting RNA Polymerase

Mechanistic understanding of antibiotic action can yield crucial insights that aid in the design of new antibiotics. In this issue, Mukhopadhyay et al. (2008) uncover the mechanism by which the antibiotic myxopyronin inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, suggesting a new target region in RNA polymerase for inhibitor design.
Comparison of free-living and particle-associated bacterial communities in a coastal Lagoon

We analyzed, by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLPs) of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA, microbial diversity in water collected during the dry and wet seasons in a human-impacted coastal lagoon. Water samples were fractionated by prefiltration to differentiate particle-associated and free-living microbes. From a sample collected during the dry season, prefiltration removed 23 to 44% of bacteria, as assessed by direct counts and MPN, and 99% of phytoplankton, as assessed by chlorophyll a. Restriction with RsaI yielded fewer peaks than restriction with HhaI. Diversity indices calculated from T-RFLPs were higher in the lagoon than adjoining coastal waters and higher in the particle-associated than the free-living fraction. In the dry season, peaks found only in bulk and particle-associated T-RFLPs were consistent with plastid and cyanobacterial ribotypes. These peaks matched those observed in the sequence of a clone generated from the bulk fraction with plastid and cyanobacterial specific primers. This clone appeared related to plastids found in the diatom genus Skeletonema. Principal component analysis of T-RFLPs suggested that the difference between the free-living and particle-associated fractions in the dry season was less than temporal variability in this lagoon and that these fractions varied significantly only in the wet season. This fractionation of microbial populations into particle-associated and free-living guilds during the wet season, when water residence time in the lagoon is relatively low, suggests an external source of particle-associated bacteria such as erosion of upland soils by runoff.
Reflections on a rose: a story of loss and longing.

This case study discusses the psychotherapy of an older woman who presented with anxiety and depression decades after a heartbreaking loss in childhood. Maggie's story recalls a lifetime of longing and searching for her father, whose death was denied by those closest to her. Religious proscriptions contravened the nine-year-old's accepting the reality of his death and understanding her own intense feelings. Masked, unresolved, complicated grieving punctuated her life. Maggie entered therapy as an adult confounded by death. "Creative integrationism" therapy included traditional grief work, guided imagery, journal writing, and poetry. As Maggie began to confront the deaths of loved ones, she explored the meaning of life and became more fully engaged in living. Several years after termination, Maggie revisited her journey in therapy and shared her reflections with the authors. This study illustrates the need for a grieving child to accomplish the tasks of mourning; the healing role of ritual; and the role of...