cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of neutrophils in pulmonary vaso-occlusion during sickle cell disease acute chest syndrome (669.6)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hematological disorder that leads to sickling of red blood cells within the microcirculation. The sickle red blood cells (sRBCs) are not only less deformable, but also express α4β1, ICAM-4, Sialyl Lewis X and glycolipids not expressed on non SCD-RBCs. These rigid sRBCs can get sequestered in the microcirculation to cause painful vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in SCD patients. In the lung, VOC can contribute to acute chest syndrome, which is a form of acute lung injury. Several factors including the pro-adhesive sRBCs, the large marginated pool of neutrophils, and the hyper-inflammatory state present in SCD can contribute to pulmonary VOC. Although neutrophil-RBC-endothelium interactions are known to play a role in systemic VOC, the cellular mechanism that drives pulmonary VOC remains unknown. Intravital study of the lung microcirculation of live BERK or Townes SCD mice is conducted using two-photon microscopy. Prior to observation, mice are challenged with lipopolysaccharide or...
Transgender Parenthood: Gender Does Not Make a Parent

This chapter from my recent book “The Right to be Parents: LGBT Families and the Transformation of Parenthood” explores the legal challenges faced by transgender parents. Lawsuits involving such parents can be divided into two broad categories. The first is composed of disputes in which the main issue is whether the gender identity of transgender parents affects their ability to be good parents. The chapter profiles cases in which transgender parents have battled in the courts to maintain relationships with their children in the face of claims by former spouses that their identification with a gender other than their biological one renders them unfit parents. The chapter explains that trangender parents in some ways face even greater challenges than lesbian and gay ones because they are at greater risk of having their parental rights terminated altogether.In addition, transgender individuals, like lesbians and gay men, sometimes find themselves needing to persuade courts that they should be deemed parents of children whom they helped raise but with whom they lack biological connections. The chapter therefore also profiles parenting cases in which transgender individuals have sought to have their relationships with their children legally recognized despite the absence of biological links. As with many lawsuits involving lesbians and gay men, parenting disputes involving transgender individuals falling under this second category of cases have grappled with the fundamental question of what makes a parent. The chapter criticizes judicial efforts to link parentage status to the gender of parents. In doing so, the chapter calls for the degendering of parenthood.
Bioethics Mediation at the End of Life: Opportunities and Limitations

Decision-making at the end of life requires the inclusion of many voices. Patients speak directly or indirectly through their advance directives. Families assume the patient’s voice where advance directives are absent or unclear, and clinicians speak from the podium of professional authority, urging those outcomes they believe to be most medically and ethically appropriate. The opportunities for conflict are legion.This article discusses the mechanics of bioethics mediation, its constituent parts and distinctive attributes. Using a case-study of an elderly patient with end-stage dementia and the question of whether a feeding tube should be placed, the article discusses both the promise and practical limits of mediation in the end of life context.
Correcting scatterometer ocean measurements for rain effects using radiometer data: application to SeaWinds on ADEOS-2

Measurements of ocean scattering by the SeaWinds on ADEOS-II can be corrupted by presence of rain. To correct for this, we must first estimate the rain rate and storm height, and use these to estimate the attenuation through and backscatter from the rain. ADEOS-II carries the AMSR radiometer, with rain rate as one product. Either this or an algorithm using the brightness temperature can provide attenuation. Finding storm height requires correlation with some measured parameter; after studying several approaches, we found that the storm height relates well enough with rain rate to use the AMSR rain rate as the input to get height. We show here the results of simulations of performance of the correction algorithm using the imperfect actual correlation between storm height and rain rate. We find that corrections are possible up to a rain-rate threshold that depends on the surface wind speed and direction. Above the threshold, one must discard the data by setting a rain flag. We show threshold curves for allowable errors (due to rain height errors) of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Unacceptable errors are largely due to rain echo that greatly exceeds the surface echo.
QUANTITATIVE PCR ANALYSIS REVEALS NOVEL EXPRESSION OF PROTHROMBIN mRNA AND REGULATION OF ITS LEVELS IN DEVELOPING MOUSE MUSCLE

Abstract Precise determination of mRNA levels is an essential element in any investigation of complex regulatory systems. Classical methodologies such as Northern hybridization suffer from requirements for significant samples of material and also a degree of non-specificity. Recently, quantitative techniques involving PCR amplification have been devised. We have developed and applied such procedures to the determination of prothrombin messages in skeletal muscle cells during development. In addition to its role in the blood coagulation cascade, the serine protease thrombin has been shown to participate in several signaling events in the neuromuscular system. The inactive precursor, prothrombin, primarily produced in the liver, has also been shown to be synthesized and developmentally-regulated in the brain. In skeletal muscle, thrombin is a mediator of activity-dependent polyneuronal synapse elimination (ADPSE) which occurs in early postnatal development. Recent experiments showing that thrombin is released from myotubes in culture under the influence of acetylcholine suggest that locally-synthesized prothrombin may be the source of this Hebbian synaptic interaction. We have determined that prothrombin is expressed in skeletal muscle, as the likely source of thrombin involved in ADPSE, and the current results show the quantitative expression of muscle prothrombin during this time of intense synapse remodeling. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd
Application of the restricted problem of three bodies to space mechanics

The most celebrated problem of dynamics, the problem of three bodies, is defined in the first chapter and it is shown how the probleme restreint is obtained from the general formulation. This is followed by a historical review of the restricted problem from the point of view of space dynamics applications and the present state of the art is described in some detail. The third and final chapter reviews the major activities in the field of space mechanics and their relation to the restricted problem are pointed out. The purpose of this compte rendu is to demonstrate two theses. Firstly, based on the history of the restricted problem of three bodies, it will be shown that combining recent advances in computer technology and in analytical dynamics with modern topological techniques, a terra firma exists for a new attack on this classical problem. The second thesis is that the restricted problem of three bodies plays a central role in celestial mechanics and in space dynamics. From the second thesis it follows that progress in the solution of this problem will further the case of the entire field of space dynamics. An outline of a combined theoretical and experimental program, leading to possible significant contributions to this piece de resistance of dynamics, completes the paper.
Ladino and Q'eqchí Maya land use and land clearing in the Sierra de Lacandón National Park, Petén, Guatemala

This paper examines potential differences in land use between Q'eqchi Maya and Ladino (Spanish speakers of mixed ancestry) farmers in a remote agricultural frontier in northern Peten, Guatemala. The research site, the Sierra de Lacandon National Park (SLNP), is a core conservation zone of Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR). In recent years, much has been written about the dramatic process of colonization and deforestation in Peten, Guatemala's largest and northernmost department. Since the early 1980s a rapid rural transformation has occurred where once remote forested regions have been colonized by small farmers, and lands have been converted to maize fields and cattle pastures. Consequently, less than half of the original forest cover in the department remains. Although approximately half of Peten's rural settlers have been Q'eqchi Maya, their land use, and its subsequent impact on Petenero forests, has been little studied. Results suggest that despite heterogeneous land use systems in migrant origin areas, given similar physical and socio-economic conditions following settlement in this remote frontier, Q'eqchi and Ladino farmer land use is remarkably similar. Only a modest land use difference appears to exist between the two groups: Q'eqchi Maya appear to have more extensive swidden maize rotations while Ladinos dedicate more land to pasture.
The reliability of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of deep lesions of the lung and mediastinum: experience with 250 cases using a modified technique.

Two-hundred and fifty discrete lesions of the lung and mediastinum were sampled by a modified fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) technique. Aspirates were collected directly into 15 ml of Saccomanno's fixative, and all preparative work was carried out in the cytopathology laboratory. Only seven aspirates were “insufficient for diagnosis,” giving a productivity rate of 97%. Five insufficient aspirates later proved to be neoplasms. Of the 243 cases with a primary FNAB diagnosis, 21 had insignificant disease, 29 had benign neoplasms or nonneoplastic disease, and 193 had malignant tumors. Most malignancies could be assigned to a specific histologic type by FNAB; those that proved difficult by FNAB were usually difficult on histopathologic examination. There were no false-positive diagnoses of malignancy and only eight false-negative results. Of 12 results interpreted as “Suspicious,” 10 proved to be malignant on follow-up. This modified method has proven to have a low complication rate and to be both highly productive and reliable in the diagnosis of malignant and nonmalignant disease. Diagn Cytopathol 1987;3:1–7.
Effect of dimethylthiourea on plasma paraquat concentration.

In a previous study, administration of the hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and paraquat was associated with higher mortality in rats than was paraquat alone. In the present study, the possibility was evaluated that administration of DMTU increased plasma paraquat levels. Plasma paraquat concentrations were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 29 mg paraquat cation/kg body wt. Another group of rats was treated identically except that they received i.p. injections of DMTU before injections of paraquat. Administration of DMTU was associated with increased plasma paraquat concentration (P < 0.01). Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that, compared to rats receiving paraquat alone, rats given paraquat and DMTU showed: (1) greater area under the paraquat concentration time-curve; (2) lower total body paraquat clearance; and (3) smaller apparent volume of distribution. Plasma biochemical studies indicated that paraquat caused hyperglycemia as well as an early reduction (compared to controls) in hepatic enzymes. We conclude that: (1) DMTU administration is associated with increased plasma paraquat concentrations; and (2) impaired synthesis or inhibition of release of hepatic proteins may be an early effect of paraquat.
Enantioselective syntheses of authentic sclerophytin A, sclerophytin B, and cladiell-11-ene-3,6,7-triol

Two distinctively different total syntheses of natural sclerophytin A in its revised structural formulation are reported. The first proceeds from (S)-carvone via a cladiellene triol and involves photoisomerization of the double bond. The second route makes use of (5S)-5-(d-menthyloxy)-2(5H)-furanone, which is subjected to cycloaddition, Claisen ring expansion, and regiocontrolled dihydroxylation tactics.
Management of acromegaly: is there a role for primary medical therapy?

Acromegaly is a chronic, debilitating disease caused by chronic growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion which results in chronic medical comorbidities, poor quality of life and high mortality rates. Successful treatment can improve clinical signs and symptoms and normalize mortality rates. Over 95% of acromegaly is caused by a somatotroph adenoma of the pituitary, and the first-line treatment is generally transsphenoidal surgery, which can be curative in 50–60% of patients. Nonetheless, high rates of persistent acromegaly following surgery and the limited efficacy of radiation therapy necessitate chronic medical treatment for many patients. Somatostatin analogues have become the preferred first-line medical therapy for many practitioners, as they achieve better biochemical and direct tumor control than the dopamine agonists, and long-acting preparations make once monthly administration possible. Cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, offers a lower-cost option and may be effective in patients with a pituitary tumor that co-secretes GH and prolactin. Pegvisomant is a GH receptor antagonist that produces exceptional biochemical response rates but lacks any direct effects on the tumor, which may limit its effectiveness as life-long monotherapy. Combinations of these three drug classes have not been rigorously studied, and preliminary trials do not suggest improved clinical outcomes. While medical treatment options for acromegaly have significantly improved over the last 30 years, limitations remain, and a multi-specialty team approach is necessary for the effective long-term management of patients with acromegaly.
Modeling, Characterizing, and Accommodating Static Birefringence in Circular and Linear Dichroism Spectroscopy:

Nearly all circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism (LD) spectrometers use a photoelastic modulator (PEM) in which an optical element is stressed using a high-tension voltage (HT) signal to induce birefringence. The birefringence consequently produces a phase difference between perpendicular polarization states of light passing through the PEM that is appropriate to CD or LD measurements. However, even without external stress (i.e., at zero HT) the PEM exhibits an inherent static birefringence. This article discusses the characterization of the static birefringence inherent to a PEM and its effect on the measurement of CD and LD, as well as the development and implementation of a novel model that accommodates for the presence of static birefringence. The model is validated with CD and LD experiments using purely chiral or linearly structured molecules (camphorsulfonic acid and chrysazin).
Serum Bicarbonate and Bone Mineral Density in US Adults

Background Chronic metabolic acidosis leads to bone mineral loss and results in lower bone mineral density (BMD), which is a risk factor for osteoporosis-related fractures. The effect of low-level metabolic acidosis on bone density in the general population is unknown. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Setting & Participants 9,724 nationally representative adults 20 years or older in NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 1999-2004. Factor Serum bicarbonate level. Outcomes Lumbar and total BMD, as well as low lumbar and total bone mass, defined as 1.0 SD below the sex-specific mean value of young adults. Measurements BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and serum bicarbonate was measured in all participants. Results Both men and women with lower serum bicarbonate levels were more likely to be current smokers and had higher body mass index and estimated net endogenous acid production. There was a significant linear trend across quartiles of serum bicarbonate with lumbar BMD in the total population, as well as in sex-specific models ( P =0.02 for all 3 models, P =0.1 for interaction). For total BMD, a significant association was seen with serum bicarbonate level for women but not men ( P =0.02 and P =0.1, respectively; P =0.8 for interaction), and a significant association was seen for postmenopausal women but not premenopausal women ( P =0.02 and P =0.2, respectively; P =0.5 for interaction). Compared with women with serum bicarbonate levels 2 higher total BMD (95% CI, 0.004-0.032; P =0.01) and 31% lower odds of having low total bone mass (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.46-0.99; P =0.049). Limitations Cross-sectional study using a single measurement of serum bicarbonate. Subgroup differences are not definitive. Conclusions Lower serum bicarbonate levels are associated with lower BMD in US adults. Further studies should examine whether serum bicarbonate levels should be incorporated into the diagnostic assessment and management of osteoporosis.
Chorioretinal and choriovitreal neovascularization. Their presence after photocoagulation of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.

• Delayed development of choroidally fed neovascularization represents a potentially serious complication of feeder vessel photocoagulation of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy (PSR). Of the 53 photocoagulated eyes, choroidally fed neovascularization developed in 21 within one month to seven years (mean, 32.8 months). This complication appeared in eyes treated with argon laser and xenon arc. In 11, neovascular tissue remained flat in the chorioretinal scar (chorioretinal neovascularization), but in ten, the vessels grew into the vitreous (choriovitreal neovascularization). In many cases of chorioretinal neovascularization, the only subsequent complication was local vitreous hemorrhage. Visual acuities remained near normal. The development of choriovitreal neovascularization was associated with vitreous hemorrhages or retinal detachment in six of ten cases. Final visual acuities, however, were 20/50 or better in nine. Photocoagulation in some cases converted chorioretinal neovascularization to choriovitreal neovascularization or seemed to stimulate further growth of choriovitreal neovascularization. We now recommend no treatment for most cases of choroidally fed neovascularization. Photocoagulation techniques for PSR should attempt to minimize the development of choroidally fed neovascularization.
Lateral symmetry of auditory attention in hemispherectomized patients.

Abstract Single digits were monaurally presented in a random order to the right and left ears of hemispherectomized patients. Vocal identification time was found to be equivalent for the two ears. This result does not support the existence of a massive lateral shift of attention in these patients. It is thus unlikely that the large ear difference typically found with dichotic presentation in hemispherectomized patients is due to an asymmetrical distribution of auditory attention.
Insulin action on Escherichia coli. Regulation of the adenylate cyclase and phosphotransferase enzymes.

Abstract Insulin action on Escherichia coli was studied using wild type E. coli B/r and K12 strains and a number of phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotranferase mutants. In vivo, the effects of insulin on the differential rate of tryptophanase synthesis, The rate of α-methyglucoside uptake and the rate of growth on glucose were determined in E. coli B/r. in vitro, the effect of insulin on the adenylate cyclase and the phosphotransferase activities was determined using toluenized cell preparations of E. coli B/r, E. coli K12 and phosphotransferase mutant strains. The specificity of insulin action on E. coli was determined using glucagon, vasopressin and somatropin as well as insulin antisera. Results show the specific action of insulin n E. coli, inhibiting tryptophanase induction and adenylate cyclase activity, while stimulating growth on glucose and uptake and phosphorylation of α-methylglucosode
Circadian Control of Eclosion: Interaction between a Central and Peripheral Clock in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster display overt circadian rhythms in rest:activity behavior and eclosion. These rhythms have an endogenous period of approximately 24 hr and can adjust or "entrain" to environmental inputs such as light. Circadian rhythms depend upon a functioning molecular clock that includes the core clock genes period and timeless (reviewed in and ). Although we know that a clock in the lateral neurons (LNs) of the brain controls rest:activity rhythms, the cellular basis of eclosion rhythms is less well understood. We show that the LN clock is insufficient to drive eclosion rhythms. We establish that the prothoracic gland (PG), a tissue required for fly development, contains a functional clock at the time of eclosion. This clock is required for normal eclosion rhythms. However, both the PG clock function and eclosion rhythms require the presence of LNs. In addition, we demonstrate that pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), a neuropeptide secreted from LNs, is necessary for the PG clock and eclosion rhythms. Unlike other clocks in the fly periphery, the PG is similar to mammalian peripheral oscillators because it depends upon input, including PDF, from central pacemaker cells. This is the first report of a peripheral clock necessary for a circadian event.
Fungal splenic abscesses: management in childhood leukemia

Fungal splenic abscesses are a potentially fatal complication of childhood leukemia, especially during hematologic relapse. Optimal treatment requires splenectomy combined with amphotericin B therapy. Previous reports have suggested that splenectomy should not be performed prior to complete control of the relapse. Three children with relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia developed fever and splenomegaly, two during the re-induction phase of chemotherapy and the third within 1 month after a second remission. Imaging studies revealed non-homogeneity of the spleen. Uneventful splenectomy was performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes before the return of normal hematopoiesis. Our results indicate that splenectomy for treatment of fungal abscesses can be successfully undertaken before complete hematologic remission is accomplished.
Cognitive disturbances in Parkinson's disease

ognitive changes are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), even in the arly stages of the illness. Most of these early cognitive changes involve mpairments in executive functioning (defined as the ability to plan, rganize, and regulate goal-directed behavior). Unfortunately, many PD atients experience a progressive cognitive decline into a dementia stage, arkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). Like Alzheimer’s patients, PD atients may spend several years in a transition zone between normal ognitive function and dementia called mild cognitive impairment (MCI). he cognitive impairment in MCI, although objectively noted on neurosychological testing, is not severe enough to sufficiently impair activities f daily living and normal social functioning (see Fig 1). Dementia in Parkinson’s disease has been difficult to define. DSM IV riteria for diagnosing a dementia require that the cognitive impairment e severe enough to interfere with social or occupational functions. owever, in PD it is often difficult to differentiate how much the motor isability rather than the cognition is contributing to the functional ecline. For example, bradykinesia and other motor deficits may interfere ith timed neuropsychological tasks or functional abilities at home, like riting checks. In addition, it is often difficult to control for the effects hat PD medications and co-morbid mood disturbances have on neurosychological tests. For example, anxiety, depression, and apathy which an appear in PD will interfere with thinking. The diagnosis of dementia in PD is further complicated if one tries to ifferentiate between PDD and another disease entity known as dementia ith Lewy bodies (DLB). There is some controversy whether DLB and DD are unique syndromes or are in fact part of a continuum of disease. urrently, accepted criteria for differentiating the two disorders state that atients who have had the typical Parkinsonian motor signs for at least 1 ear before the onset of their dementia would be labeled with PDD. If the
Safety of ketorolac in surgical neonates and infants 0 to 3 months old.

Abstract Background Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug widely used as an adjunct to postoperative pain control in adult and pediatric patients. Minimal safety data exist regarding the use of ketorolac in neonates. Methods The charts of 57 postsurgical neonates between 0 and 3 months of age were retrospectively reviewed for bleeding events associated with ketorolac. Data included gestational age (GA), corrected gestational age (CGA) at the time of ketorolac, serum creatinine, platelet count, urine output (in milliliters per kilogram per hour), concomitant medications, enteral feeds, number of ketorolac doses, and surgical procedure performed. Results Of 57 patients, 10 (17.2%) demonstrated a bleeding event. Mean CGA and serum creatinine for those with bleeding events was 39.4 weeks ( P = .69) and 0.64 mg/dL ( P = .03), respectively. Patients with a bleeding event received ketorolac at a mean of 20.7 days of life with 70% receiving the drug at less than 14 days of age, whereas those without a bleeding event received ketorolac at a mean of 31.9 days ( P = .04). Bleeding events correlated with glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 or concomitant medications in all but 1 patient. Conclusions Infants younger than 21 days and less than 37 weeks CGA are at significantly increased risk for bleeding events and should not be candidates for ketorolac therapy.
The Role of the Good Constituency Member and the Practice of Representation in Great Britain

There are in Britain two dimensions of representation: a national dimension which focuses on policy opinions, and a constituency dimension which focuses on redress of grievances. For centuries, the redress of grievances was the only important function performed by members of Parliament. In response to the recent expansion of central government and the rise of the welfare state, this function has been revitalized in the role of the "good constituency member" who represents constituents by making representations on behalf of their individual needs and collective interests. Using interview data on 338 MPs, the following article investigates this role, explores its relationships with behavior, and examines incentives which lead backbenchers to choose constituency service over alternative career paths.
The Veiled Christ of Cappella Sansevero: On Art, Vision and Reality

In a small baroque chapel deep in the heart of old Napoli, known as Cappella Sansevero, there lies a life-size marble sculpture of Jesus that is an extraordinarily moving artistic achievement and, at the same time, one of the creepiest things I have ever seen. The sculpture (Color Plate D) is known as Cristo Velato (Veiled Christ). It was completed in 1753 by the Neapolitan artist Giuseppe Sanmartino, on commission from the chapel’s eccentric patron Raimondo di Sangro, Prince of Sansevero. Like many Italian sculptures of the day, Sanmartino’s work has a very specific Biblical reference: It depicts the supine and lifeless body of Jesus, draped from head to toe in the thin shroud that was placed upon him following his removal from the cross. The sculpture thus represents the brief but symbolically charged episode between the Crucifixion and the Resurrection of Christ. As told in the Gospel of Mark, Joseph of Arimathaea requested Jesus’s body from Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect who authorized the crucifixion. After confirming the death, Pilate duly proffered the body to Joseph, who “brought fine linen, and took him down, and
Nicolai maps for QCD4

Abstract We find two Nicolai-Langevin maps in ordinary non-supersymmetric quantum chromodynamics in four dimensions. The maps are constant jacobian transformations from the gluon field to a gaussian noise, and run as stochastic equations in real (euclidean) time.
Proplast stabilized stemless trapezium implant.

Forty-five stemless Proplast*-covered silicone rubber trapezium implants were used in 40 patients after trapeziectomy for either osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or trauma. Three implants were later removed from two patients because of traumatic dislocations. One implant was removed from a patient after trauma because of persistent pain. Five patients were followed from 40 to 44 months; nine patients were followed from 31 to 39 months; 15 patients were followed from 20 to 29 months; six patients were followed from 14 to 19 months; five patients were followed from 6 to 9 months. The average follow-up time was 24 7/10 months. Beforesurgery 5% of the patients had continuous spontaneous pain, 35% of the patients had pain with all motion, and 60% of the patients had pain with limited normal daily use. At this time of our report, 65% of the patients are without symptoms, 21% of the patients have slight intermittent pain, and 14% of the patients have pain with strenuous use only. Tripod pinch improved 243% in male patients and 113% in female patients. All patients have good circumduction and metacarpophalangeal (MP) and interphalangeal (IP) joint motion. The stemless feature permits relatively free metacarpal joint motion without great stress being applied to the capsule that is covering the implant.
A functional MRI study of three motor tasks in the evaluation of stroke recovery.

Functional brain imaging studies have provided insights into the processes related to motor recovery after stroke. The comparative value of different motor activation tasks for probing these proces...
Influence of turbulence on lateral-directional flying qualities

Turbulence effects on lateral directional flying qualities, examining pilot task performance, control workload and compensatory behavior
Nonsurgical approach to Class I open-bite malocclusion with extrusion mechanics: a 3-year retention case report

Anterior open bite is one of the most challenging malocclusions for orthodontic treatment. The high incidence of relapse is a major concern. Therefore, accurate initial examination, diagnosis, treatment plan, and consideration of habitual risk factors are crucial for a successful outcome without unwanted sequelae. Excellent patient compliance for retainer wear is also a critical factor. This case report shows the 3-year stability of a nonsurgical and nonextraction orthodontic treatment of a 5-mm anterior open-bite malocclusion in a 12-year-old girl with extrusion mechanics and habit modification. After 2 years of orthodontic treatment, excellent outcomes were achieved. With an appropriate retention protocol, the long-term stability of the treatment was favorable.
Computational design of low aspect ratio wing-winglets for transonic wind-tunnel testing

A computational design has been performed for three different low aspect ratio wing planforms fitted with nonplanar winglets; one of the three planforms has been selected to be constructed as a wind tunnel model for testing in the NASA LaRC 7 x 10 High Speed Wind Tunnel. A design point of M = 0.8, CL approx = 0.3 was selected, for wings of aspect ratio equal to 2.2, and leading edge sweep angles of 45 and 50 deg. Winglet length is 15 percent of the wing semispan, with a cant angle of 15 deg, and a leading edge sweep of 50 deg. Winglet total area equals 2.25 percent of the wing reference area. This report summarizes the design process and the predicted transonic performance for each configuration.
Thermodynamic properties of uranium oxycarbides

Abstract The e.m.f. of fused-salt cells of the type U/KCl/LiCl-UCl3/UOxC1−x,C have been measured over the temperature range 450–750°C and for oxycarbide compositions of 0.11–0.82 mole fraction UO. Considering the oxycarbide as a pseudobinary solid solution of UO and UC the following relations were derived from the data Δ G xs (UC) (1−X uc ) 2 = −24,000+(24,230−44.7T)X uc and Δ G xs (UO) (1−X UO ) 2 = −24,000+(24,230−44.7T)X uc −0.5 where Δ G xs is the relative excess partial molal free energy in cal/mole for components UC and UO respectively. The standard free-energies of formation of UC and UO at 1023°K are calculated to be −24.7 and −129.6 kcal/mole respectively.
Pressure changes accompanying the phase transitions in solid H2 and D2

Abstract Pressure changes at constant volume accompanying hexagonal-to-cubic and cubic-to-hexagonal phase transitions have been measured in solid H 2 and D 2 as a function of ortho concentration.
Interchangeable functions of Arabidopsis PIROGI and the human WAVE complex subunit SRA1 during leaf epidermal development.

The WAVE complex is an essential regulator of actin-related protein (ARP) 2/3-dependent actin filament nucleation and cell shape change in migrating cells. Although the composition of the WAVE complex is well characterized, the cellular mechanisms that control its activity and localization are not well known. The \`distorted group' defines a set of Arabidopsis genes that are required to remodel the actin cytoskeleton and maintain the polarized elongation of branched, hair-like cells termed trichomes. Several loci within this group encode homologs of ARP2/3 subunits. In addition to trichome distortion, ARP2/3 subunit mutants have reduced shoot fresh weight and widespread defects in epidermal cell-cell adhesion. The precise cellular function of plant ARP2/3, and the means by which it is regulated, is not known. In this paper, we report that the \`distorted group' gene PIROGI encodes a homolog of the WAVE complex subunit SRA1. The similar cell shape and actin phenotypes of pir and ARP2/3 complex subunit mutants suggest that PIROGI positively regulates ARP2/3. PIROGI directly interacts with the small GTPase ATROP2 with isoform specificity and with selectivity for active forms of the protein. PIROGI shares only 30% amino acid identity with its human homolog. However, both WAVE subunit homologs are functionally interchangeable and display identical physical interactions with RHO family GTPases and the Arabidopsis homolog of the WAVE complex subunit NAP125. These results demonstrate the utility of the `distorted group' mutants to study ARP2/3 complex functions from signaling input to cell shape output.
Phase dependent electrochemical properties of polar self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) modified via the fusion of mixed phospholipid vesicles.

Unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and varying quantities of either 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DMPG) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt) (DMTAP) were used to deposit lipid bilayer assemblies on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. The supporting SAMs in turn were composed of ferrocene-functionalized hexadecanethiol chains (FcC16SH) diluted to low coverage in 1-hydroxylhexadecanethiol (HOC16SH) or a single-component monolayer phase of the latter. The mass coverages of the DMPC/DMPG layers deposited in this way were measured using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and found to decrease with an increasing content of DMPG in the vesicles. The SPR data show that the lipid assembly, while stable with respect to gentle rinsing in aqueous buffer, is reversible and the lipid adlayer is removable by immersion in a solvent such as ethanol. The effects of the adsorbed lipid layer on the electrochemical int...
Detecting Climate Change

Abstract The likelihood ratio of the data for a hypothesis of some change, relative to the hypothesis of no change, is a suitable statistical measure for the detection of climate change. Likelihood ratios calculated on the basis of Angell and Korshover's (1977) global mean temperature, updated through 1980, do not show convincing evidence of recent climate change. It is possible to calculate probabilities of obtaining future values of likelihood ratios, depending on the postulated future climate change. A modest but significant climate change, such as that expected to occur from an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide, is likely to be detected from global mean surface temperatures within ten years. The joint behavior of the troposphere and stratosphere is more likely to discriminate between climate change and no change than are surface temperatures. In this case, a climate change that can be attributed to carbon dioxide increase should be detectable by 1986.
Mixed Race: Understanding Difference in the Genome Era

This article presents the findings of a qualitative study of multiracial individuals' understanding of identity, race and human genetic variation. The debate regarding the correlation between race, genetics and disease has expanded, but limited empirical data has been collected regarding the lay public's perspective. Participants in this study explore their identity and its relationships to their health care interactions. Participants also share their views on race-based therapeutics, health disparities and the connections between race, ancestry and genetics. Their voices highlight the limitations of racial categories in describing differences within our increasingly diverse communities. The genomic era will be a pivotal period in challenging current understandings and uses of racial categories in health.
The Bemisia tabaci species complex

Abstract Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) currently is believed to be a species complex, with many biotypes and two described extant cryptic species, B. tabaci and Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring. This paper examines the historical record of B. tabaci and its synonyms, and discusses research that has resulted in the species complex hypothesis. It also reviews work that has been done comparing populations from various geographic locations. This comparative research, using a variety of techniques, forms the basis from which similarities and differences between populations can be inferred. Based on these studies, seven groups within the species complex are proposed.
Recognition and Management of Common Acute Conditions of the Oral Cavity Resulting From Tooth Decay, Periodontal Disease, and Trauma: An Update for the Family Physician

This article presents an overview of common and/or significant diseases of the oral cavity that the family physician is likely to encounter, with an emphasis on pathogenesis, recognition, complications, and management. Topics reviewed include the sequelae of dental caries, periodontal disease, and trauma. Prevention and early intervention strategies are emphasized. Recent updates and practical issues for the family physician are highlighted.
In Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy, It Is Not the Speed of Intracoronary Alcohol Injection But the Amount of Alcohol Injected That Determines the Resultant Infarct Size

To the Editor: In the Clinician Update on percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), Kimmelstiel and Maron1 presented a successfully treated patient with maintenance of benefit 6 months later. The authors emphasized the importance of using smaller amounts of alcohol and injecting it more slowly into the first septal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery to create more limited areas of myocardial infarction. According to the experimental study reported recently by my colleagues in China and me,2 the size of the iatrogenic myocardial infarct is directly related to the amount of intracoronary alcohol injection during PTSMA but has no relation to its speed of injection. This study was carried out in piglets. It found significant differences in myocardial infarct size with different amounts of alcohol injected but no apparent differences in myocardial infarct size with different speeds of alcohol injection. …
Grammatical knowledge of third grade good and poor readers

The relationship between grammatical knowledge and reading ability in third grade good and poor readers was investigated. Two aspects of grammar – binding and control – were assessed to determine whether poor readers had syntactic deficits. These principles both relate to the interpretation of pronominal elements. Interpretations were assessed through a sentence–picture matching task in which picture depictions of all the possible interpretations of pronominal elements in verbally presented sentences were included. The only sentence type that differentiated the two reading groups was performance on sentences related to one of the binding principles, Principle B. Since obedience to Principle B probably involves pragmatic as well as syntactic principles, this finding suggests another way that good readers may differ from poor readers.
Properties of midgut proteases in larvae of Attagenus megatoma

Abstract Midgut protease activity in larvae of Attagenus megatoma exhibited high temperature and alkaline pH optima. No protease was found in pupal midguts, and only traces of activity were found in adults. The total protease levels declined in starved larvae but increased after 48 hr of feeding. Cysteine had either inhibitory or stimulatory effects on proteolysis depending on its concentration and on the protein substrate. Trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activity was demonstrated with the synthetic substrates TAME and BTEE, respectively.
Treatment Goals of Alcohol-Dependent and Drug-Dependent Patients

At the time of admission to treatment, 450 alcohol-dependent patients and 198 drug-dependent patients were asked to complete a brief questionnaire regarding their interest in 26 treatment goals. An analysis of the goal questionnaire data revealed that from the total sample of patients more than 70 percent wanted assistance, in addition to help with substance dependency, with medical problems, psychological problems, school or job counseling, and recreational guidance. Between alcohol- and drug-dependent groups, statistically significant (p less than .05) but small differences were found for numerous goal items, with drug-dependent patients wanting assistance for more goal items than alcohol-dependent patients.
Chemistry of C-Trimethylsilyl-Substituted Heterocarboranes. 28. Selective Alkylation and Reactivity of “Carbons Adjacent” and “Carbons Apart” Tetracarba-nido-dodecaborane(12) Derivatives toward Group 1 and Group 2 Metals. Synthetic, Spectroscopic, and Structural Investigations on Lithium-, Sodium-, Potassium-, Cesium-, and Magnesium-Complexed C4B8 Carboranes

The “carbons apart” tetracarbon carborane nido-2,6-(R)2-4,12-(SiMe3)2-2,4,6,12-C4B8H8 (R = SiMe3 (I), n-butyl (II)) and several of its B-alkylated derivatives react with Mg metal in THF solvent to produce magnesacarboranes (IV−VI and XI) in yields ranging from 57% to 74%. The magnesacarboranes were characterized by chemical analysis and infrared and 1H, 11B, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Two types of cages were found, one in (THF)2Mg(SiMe3)4(B-Me)C4B7H7 (IV) and the other in (L)2Mg(SiMe3)2(R)2(B-Y)C4B7H7 (L = THF, R = SiMe3, Y = t-Bu (V); L = THF, R = SiMe3, Y = H (VI); (L)2 = TMEDA, R = n-Bu, Y = H (XI)). Both cages showed the presence of electron-precise C and B atoms, as well as electron-deficient fragments. Approximate density functional ab initio molecular orbital calculations showed that the dianionic C4B8 cage can exist in a number of energy-equivalent isomeric forms that can be trapped by a metal ion such as Mg. The reactions of I with the group 1 metals followe...
Synthesis, characterization, and application of metal organic framework nanostructures.

The considerable number of important physical properties, including optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, of Prussian blue (PB) analogues have attracted fundamental and industrial interest. Nevertheless, the gas sorption properties of PB coordination compounds were only investigated very recently. In this work, we report the synthesis and gas sorption properties of PB nanocomposites with different size and shape obtained by using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), chitosan, and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as stabilizers and structure directing agents. All three porous nanocrystals show high and selective CO2 adsorption over CH4 or N2. No distinct relationship was found between the size (or shape) of the nanosorbents and their gas uptake capacities. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of PB nanocomposites for CO2 capture applications.
Childhood Income Volatility and Adult Outcomes

Using data linked across generations in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate the relationship between exposure to volatile income during childhood and a set of socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. The empirical framework is an augmented intergenerational income mobility model that includes controls for income volatility. I measure income volatility at the family level in two ways: (1) instability as measured by squared deviations around a family-specific mean; and (2) instability as percentage changes of 25 % or more. Volatility enters the model both separately and interacted with income level. I find that family income volatility during childhood has a modest negative association with educational attainment. Volatility has a smaller descriptive role in explaining intergenerational outcomes relative to permanent income. Across the income distribution, the negative association between volatility exposure and educational attainment is largest for young adults from moderate-income families.
Elevation of postmortem triiodothyronine in sudden infant death syndrome and in infants who died of other causes." A marker of previous health

We measured serum concentrations of thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), free T 4 ,thyroid-stimulating hormone, and cortisol in 62 victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in 30 infants who died of known causes and in 15 living controls. The mean T 3 value was elevated in 69% of those with SIDS, 37% of the others who died, and in no control infants. After excluding those who died of known cause who had abnormal thyroid function (abnormal postmortem concentrations of T 4 , free T 4 , or reverse T 3 ), the T 3 values were elevated in 63% of those remaining. When the data were analyzed on the basis of case histories and autopsy findings, those infants who were in good health and died suddenly of accidental causes had an elevation in mean T 3 similar to that seen in SIDS victims; those who died under conditions known to alter thyroid metabolism did not. The T 4 , free T 4 , reverse T 3 , thyroid-stimulating hormone, and cortisol values were not useful in differentiating those with SIDS from the living controls, or those who were healthy at the time of death. We were unable to find any difference in T 3 serum concentrations between the total group who had SIDS and those who had SIDS with minor infections, with petechiae on intrathoracic organs, with premature birth, or those who were resuscitated. Our data point out the importance of using appropriate controls when evaluating SIDS. The normal reverse T 3 values in SIDS, as well as confirmation of the normal T 4 and free T 4 values, constitute evidence against chronic persistent alveolar hypovenilation or prolonged episodes of hypoxia immediately preceding death from SIDS.
A comparison of the tsyganenko model predicted and measured geomagnetic cutoff latitudes

Abstract We have computed world grids of geomagnetic vertical cutoff rigidities employing the Tsyganenko magnetospheric model for all integer magnetic activity levels specified by the Kp magnetic index. In order to test the accuracy of these results, we present comparisons with the measured cutoff latitudes observed by the SAMPEX spacecraft. In general we find that during magnetically active times the measured cutoffs are about one degree lower (equatorward) in latitude than the cutoffs determined from the trajectory-tracing method using the Tsyganenko magnetospheric model. We also find that the 3-hour averaged Kp index is not responsive to dynamic magnetospheric activity, and a more frequent temporal description of the magnetic activity is desirable.