cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smile! Your Employees Are Watching: How Embodied Cognitions Can Influence Employees' “Service with a Smile”

The service sector has become an increasingly large area of the workforce since the switch away from manufacturing jobs (Taylor, 1916). Indeed, many researchers have begun focusing on how organizations need to ensure that employees engage in “service with a smile” (Grandey, 2000; Hochschild, 1983) to create a positive experience for the customer to improve bottom-line organizational gains (e.g., return customers, word-of-mouth recommendations, etc.). While researchers have suggested that managers might be responsible for crafting employee emotional displays (e.g., Barsade, 2002; Hochschild, 1983; Pescosolido, 2002), little work has actually explored how managers help shape appropriate employee emotional displays beyond rules and mandates. In the current article, the author reviews embodied cognitions and explains how these cognitions have important potential implications for managers. Other applications for embodied cognitions in the workplace are also discussed.
Cultural Capital: Mountain Zapotec Migrant Associations in Mexico City

Cultural Capital: Mountain Zapotec Migrant Associations in Mexico City. Lane Ryo Hirabayashi. A PROFMEX Monograph. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1993. 157 pp., notes, bibliography, index. $35.00 (cloth). ISBN 0–8165–1377–5.
Temperature dependence of serum protein adsorption in PEGylated PNIPAm microgels

Abstract The effect of PEGylation on the thermal response and protein adsorption resistance of crosslinked PNIPAm microgels was investigated. It was found that the presence of PEG, its molecular weight ( M n 300 and 1100 g/mol) and its concentration (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) each significantly influenced both the value and breadth of the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) and the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the surface of the microgels. Specifically, as the degree of PEGylation increased, the value and breadth of the VPTT increased, and the adsorption of BSA decreased significantly. The critical concentration that minimizes protein adsorption on PNIPAm- co -PEGMa microgels was found to be 20 wt.% of PEGMa. This critical concentration was confirmed qualitatively using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Evidence for the effect of the molecular weight of PEG on the structure of PNIPAm- co -PEGMa microgels was provided by thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry. The VPTT study revealed significant differences in the composition of the microgels when PEGMa samples with two different molecular weights were used as comonomers with PNIPAm. It was determined that the molecular weight and concentration of PEGMa controls the structure of the microgels, which in turn influences their temperature response and protein adsorption resistance properties of the microgels. Our work establishes specific design concepts for controlling the molecular architecture of the hydrogels in order to tune their temperature response and biocompatibility for use in a variety of biomedical applications such as, cell encapsulation, drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
Resuscitation of cold water immersion victims with cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Severe anoxia due to prolonged submersion generally portends a poor prognosis. However, several victims of cold water submersion have been revived from marked hypothermia and have completely recovered. Resuscitative measures include cardio-respiratory support and rewarming the victim. During rewarming, the victim is susceptible to life- threatening complications, particularly due to prolonged cardiac arrest or dysrhythmias that may lead to cardiovascular collapse. Certain rewarming methods can be used to quickly raise the body temperature. Cardiopulmonary bypass not only provides the most rapid and controlled rewarming, but also maintains cardiovascular stability until a normal cardiac rhythm and adequate cardiac function is established. We report the first use of cardiopulmonary bypass to resuscitate three victims of cold water submersion. Despite the successful outcome of two of our patients, cardiopulmonary bypass in the present setting remains an experimental technique that merits further study.
Causal models in primary open angle glaucoma.

Objectives: To apply three of the most common epidemiologic causal models for glaucoma and explain the issues pertaining to the use of them. Methods: Three causal models will be explained: (1) counterfactual model, (2) graphical model, and (3) sufficient-component causal model. Using literature search and experts' opinions these models will be applied in glaucoma. Results: Introducing the counterfactual model, as one of the most important quantitative causal models and formalizes the concepts of cause and effect, this article emphasizes the limitations with the use of this model for glaucoma. Explaining causal diagram, as a useful qualitative tool that provides a lucid depiction of the assumptions concerning a causal pathway, this article provides a working causal diagram for glaucoma based on the evidence in the literature and experts' comments. In addition, the limitations in developing appropriate causal diagrams for glaucoma are discussed. Finally, the sufficient-component causal models and their impo...
Analytical Approximation for the Generalized Laplace Equation with Step Function Coefficient

Many problems in science and engineering require the solution of the steady-state diffusion equation with a highly oscillatory coefficient. In this paper, we propose an analytical approximation $\tilde{u}(x) \in L^p(\Omega)$, $1 \leq p \leq \infty$, for the generalized Laplace equation $\nabla \cdot (K\,(x)\,\nabla u(x)) =0$ in $\Omega \subset R^n$, with prescribed boundary conditions and the coefficient function $K(x) \in L^p(\Omega)$ defined as a step function, not necessarily periodic. The proposed solution can be regarded as an approximation to the weak solution belonging to $W^{1,p}(\Omega)$, the Sobolev space. When the coefficient function describes inclusions in a main matrix, then $K(x)$ is a periodic function, and such formulation leads to an approximation, in $L^p(\Omega)$, to the solution of the periodic cell-problem, $\nabla \cdot (K(\varepsilon^{-1}x)\nabla\mathbf{w}(\varepsilon^{-1}x)) = \nabla \cdot (K(\varepsilon^{-1}x)\mathbf{1})$. The solution to the cell-problem is the key information n...
Elevations of Neutrophil Proteinase 3 in Serum of Patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis and Polyarteritis Nodosa

Objective. To determine serum levels of proteinase 3 (PR3) in normal subjects and patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), chronic renal failure, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. Serum levels of PR3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay employing a monospecific rabbit polyclonal antibody against PR3. Results. Quantifiable levels of PR3 were detected in all serum samples examined, including those of normal subjects. Marked elevations of serum PR3, which decreased with treatment, were found in patients with active WG. Patients with PAN, SLE, and chronic renal failure also showed elevated levels of PR3. Conclusion. Quantitating serum PR3 may be useful in the management of patients with WG and other connective tissue diseases.
Sensitivity and Specificity for Dementia of Population-Based Criteria for Cognitive Impairment: The MoVIES Project

Background Few norms exist for the elderly on the cognitive tests commonly used to screen for dementia; conventional cutpoints used in clinical settings may be of limited value in population screening. A particular problem is posed by elderly populations with low educational levels, as performance on most cognitive tests is affected by education. Thus, a healthy but poorly educated population may obtain test scores in the range considered impaired in the clinical setting. Methods A random sample of 1,367 subjects aged 65+ years was screened for dementia in a rural community in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Two sets of cognitive measures were used: a global cognitive scale (the MMSE) and a brief battery of tests tapping a variety of cognitive domains. Rather than using a priori cutoff scores, we examined the specificity and sensitivity for dementia of two operationally defined levels of cognitive impairment, at the 5th and 10th percentiles of the study sample on each set of measures. Results Results suggest that the screening of multiple cognitive domains at the 10th percentile had significantly greater sensitivity but not lower specificity for definite dementia than did the use of the single global scale. Conclusion Our data support the use of population-based cutpoints over standard cutoff scores, in that the global scale at the conventional cutoff was less sensitive than the battery at the same percentile, and because adequate norms do not exist for tests such as those in the battery.
Experiences from Leadership Computing in Simulations of Turbulent Fluid Flows

We performed a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of high Reynolds number turbulent channel flow to expand our understanding of wall-bounded turbulence. The resolution requirements inherent to realistic turbulent flows necessitate leadership computing systems. Using Mira at Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, we were able to achieve DNS at Re_tau = 5,200, and generated approximately 140 Tbytes of data. To use Mira efficiently, we developed a new DNS code, PoongBack, including a new parallel 3D FFT kernel. The new code shows excellent scalability up to 786,432 cores. Here, we summarize our code development and production simulation efforts, including parallel I/O.
A Shock-Patching Code for Ultra-Relativistic Fluid Flows

We have developed a one-dimensional code to solve ultra-relativistic hydrodynamic problems, using the Glimm method for an accurate treatment of shocks and contact discontinuities. The implementation of the Glimm method is based on an exact Riemann solver and van der Corput sampling sequence. In order to improve computational efficiency, the Glimm method is replaced by a finite differencing scheme in those regions where the fluid flow is sufficiently smooth. The accuracy and convergence of this hybrid method is investigated in tests involving planar, cylindrically and spherically symmetric flows that exhibit strong shocks and Lorentz factors of up to ~2000. This hybrid code has proven to be successful in simulating the interaction between a thin, ultra-relativistic, spherical shell and a low density stationary medium, a situation likely to appear in Gamma-Ray Bursts, supernovae explosions, pulsar winds and AGNs.
Assessment of Soil Moisture Data Requirements by the Potential SMAP Data User Community: Review of SMAP Mission User Community

NASA's Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission is planned for launch in October 2014 and will provide global measurements of soil moisture and freeze/thaw state. The project is driven by both basic research and applied science goals. Understanding how application driven end-users will apply SMAP data, prior to the satellite's launch, is an important goal of NASA's applied science program and SMAP mission success. Because SMAP data are unique, there are no direct proxy datasets that can be used in research and operational studies to determine how the data will interact with existing processes. The objective of this study is to solicit data requirements, accuracy needs, and current understanding of the SMAP mission from the potential user community. This study showed that the data to be provided by the SMAP mission did substantially meet the user community needs. Although there was a broad distribution of requirements stated, the SMAP mission fit within these requirements.
A comparison of intracardiac and transesophageal echocardiography to detect left atrial appendage thrombus in a swine model

Purpose Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard in the evaluation for left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is often performed prior to AF ablation. We routinely use intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) to assist in AF ablation; however, standard right atrial views do not provide adequate visualization of the LAA. As the incidence of thrombus in this population is relatively low, TEE incurs additional risk, cost, and patient discomfort. Novel views of the LAA with ICE may obviate the need for TEE in this population. We tested the hypothesis that due to their proximity, imaging the LAA from the pulmonary artery (PA) would provide equivalent sensitivity and specificity to TEE in detecting LAA thrombus in a swine model.
Thrombosis in flowing blood

In this issue of Blood , van der Meijden and colleagues report on the mechanisms by which collagen exposure in flow-dependent circulation contributes to thrombus formation.[1][1] In their report, van der Meijden et al show that 2 independent summating mechanisms for thrombin generation initiated by
Hypertension in Pregnancy

Hypertension in Preeclampsia Although the underlying causative factors are not completely delineated, hypertension in preeclampsia is clearly a consequence of a generalized arterial vasoconstriction. Some women with severe preeclampsia will have a marked depletion in their intravascular volume, making profound rapid reductions in blood pressure undesirable because of the need to maintain adequate maternal cerebral perfusion pressure and uteroplacental blood flow. Continuous fetal monitoring should be used during antihypertensive medication titration to assess fetal well-being in all women with a gestational age beyond 24 weeks. Further, therapy goals are not for the return of normal blood pressure, but rather reduction of blood pressure to a level associated with a decreased risk of cerebrovascular accidents or loss of cerebral autoregulation. Targets for blood pressure control vary, depending on whether the patient is antepartum or postpartum, as well as the presence of chronic hypertension or thrombocytopenia, defined in this setting as a platelet count less than 100,000 mm. Generally, sustained blood pressure values of at least 170 mm Hg systolic or at least 110 mm Hg diastolic are indications to initiate antihypertensive therapy antepartum and intrapartum. For women with thrombocytopenia and those in the postpartum period, sustained blood pressures of at least 150 mm Hg systolic or 100 mm Hg diastolic are indications to initiate antihypertensive therapy. Pregnant patients with essential hypertension, without evidence of preeclampsia or end-organ damage, can be managed as per the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guidelines (see Chapter 4). It is important that the obstetrical service or obstetrician be involved as early as possible in women with a
Novel vanadium-binding proteins (Vanabins) identified in cDNA libraries and the genome of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis

Ascidians, especially those belonging to the suborder Phlebobranchia, can accumulate high levels of vanadium. Vanadium-binding proteins (vanabins) were first isolated from a vanadium-accumulating ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea, and then the vanabins were cloned, their expression was studied, and metal-binding assays were conducted. In order to unravel the mechanism of vanadium accumulation, we searched for vanabin-like genes in other animals, including other ascidians. A database search revealed five groups of cDNAs that encoded vanabin-like proteins in another ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. The genes encoding C. intestinalis vanabins, CiVanabin1 to CiVanabin5, were clustered in an 8.4-kb genomic region. The direction of transcription of each gene was identical and each gene had a single intron. All the C. intestinalis vanabins were cysteine-rich, and the repetitive pattern of cysteines closely resembled that of A. sydneiensis samea vanabins. Using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), we found that a recombinant protein of at least one of the C. intestinalis vanabins (CiVanabin5) bound to vanadium(IV) ions.
Base Pairing between the 5′ Half of ε and a cis-Acting Sequence, Φ, Makes a Contribution to the Synthesis of Minus-Strand DNA for Human Hepatitis B Virus

Synthesis of minus-strand DNA of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be divided into three phases: initiation of DNA synthesis, the template switch, and elongation of minus-strand DNA. Although much is known about minus-strand DNA synthesis, the mechanism(s) by which this occurs has not been completely elucidated. Through a deletion analysis, we have identified a cis-acting element involved in minus-strand DNA synthesis that lies within a 27-nucleotide region between DR2 and the 3' copy of DR1. A subset of this region (termed Phi) has been hypothesized to base pair with the 5' half of epsilon (H. Tang and A. McLachlan, Virology, 303:199-210, 2002). To test the proposed model, we used a genetic approach in which multiple sets of variants that disrupted and then restored putative base pairing between the 5' half of epsilon and phi were analyzed. Primer extension analysis, using two primers simultaneously, was performed to measure encapsidated pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) and minus-strand DNA synthesized in cell culture. The efficiency of minus-strand DNA synthesis was defined as the amount of minus-strand DNA synthesized per encapsidation event. Our results indicate that base pairing between phi and the 5' half of epsilon contributes to efficient minus-strand DNA synthesis. Additional results are consistent with the idea that the primary sequence of phi and/or epsilon also contributes to function. How base pairing between phi and epsilon contributes to minus-strand DNA synthesis is not known, but a simple speculation is that phi base pairs with the 5' half of epsilon to juxtapose the donor and acceptor sites to facilitate the first-strand template switch.
Characterization of different forms of rat mammary gland acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase mRNA:analysis of heterogeneity in the 5′ end

Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC; EC 6.4.1.2) catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in the biogenesis of long-chain fatty acids. We have previously reported the coding sequence of ACC mRNA from the mammary gland of the lactating rat. The existence, in this tissue, of several forms of ACC mRNA with different 5'-untranslated regions has now been established. Two mRNAs constitute the major ACC mRNA species, they differ from one another in the presence or absence of a 61-nucleotide fragment at the center of the 5'-untranslated region. Multiple forms of ACC mRNA might originate through differential splicing of the primary transcript.
Creating new learning at professional conferences: an innovative approach to conference learning, knowledge construction and programme evaluation

This manuscript presents a theory-based, research-driven learning intervention embedded in the process of programme evaluation. Based within three theoretical frames (learning organization, communities of practice and knowledge construction), it describes conceptual processes undertaken by researchers and the resulting practical HRD learning intervention implemented in a real-world context. The intervention findings suggest the theoretical framework enhanced the ‘output’ of conference attendees' mega-, macro- and micro-level learning. Attendees reported significant learning as a result of participating in the evaluation. Implications for enhancing knowledge construction in programmes and conferences are discussed.
Completely nonmetric multidimensional scaling

Abstract Most of the distance models underlying multidimensional scaling assume that if a stimulus y is between the stimuli x and z on each dimension, then x and z should be the farthest apart of the three stimuli. An iterative algorithm is described that uses only this betweenness prediction to infer the ordering of a set of stimuli on each of one or two dimensions. Applied to previously published semantic similarity data, this algorithm produced two-dimensional configurations that were similar in appearance to Euclidean configurations but generally involved fewer violations of the betweenness prediction.
Management of preeclampsia and eclampsia.

In some mysterious way, the presence of chorionic villi in certain women incites vasospasm and hypertension. Moreover, to effect a cure, the chorionic villi must be expelled or surgically removed. The vasospastic hypertensive state and related pathologic changes that are somehow induced by the presence of chorionic villi may not become so intense that pregnancy need be terminated prematurely. Instead, under close observation, the mother and fetus can continue to coexist with benefit to the fetus and little risk of immediate or remote harm to the mother. There are times, however, when the functional derangements induced by the vasospastic process are so severe and unremitting that not only is termination of the pregnancy essential to the welfare of the mother but the intrauterine environment becomes intolerably hostile to the fetus. Preeclampsia and eclampsia develop most often in the first pregnancy. These conditions may also occur in later pregnancies, but in such instances there is almost always a predisposing factor such as diabetes, multiple fetuses, fetal hydrops, hydatidiform mole, or underlying chronic vascular disease. The syndrome of preeclampsia-eclampsia is unique to pregnant and puerperal women; it neither occurs spontaneously nor has it been experimentally produced in animals.
A study on reliability-based inspection planning – Application to deck plate thickness measurement of aging tankers

Abstract In order to conduct a timely and effective inspection to avoid the ultimate failure of deck plate, a reliability-based procedure for inspection planning is introduced. A review of the uncertainties in deriving the capacity of deck plate and through life degradation effects on tanker structural integrity is given. Using the Latin Hypercube sampling method to perform the Monte Carlo Simulation, the time-variant failure probabilities of deck plate are computed, then compared with target values. Based on the comparison, the time for thickness measurement of deck plate is predicted. A total of 1080 cases for nine sample tankers are analyzed to illustrate the procedure, including sensitivity and parametric studies. This paper is a sequel to the preceding paper [6] , where a semi-probabilistic approach is presented to assess the time-variant ultimate strength of aging tanker’s deck plate considering corrosion wastage.
Spine update : surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis : the basics and the controversies

Decisions about when to operate should be based on more than just an arbitrary Cobb measurement. The patient's skeletal maturity, balance, and other parameters of curve size also should be considered. Although it is desirable to fuse as few segments as possible, there is no benefit to fusing short if the top and bottom of the fusion is not neutral and stable. Especially for lumbar fusions, the last instrumented vertebra must be stable, neutral, and horizontal to the sacrum postoperatively. Many thoracic/lumbar curve patterns are Type II (false double major) and not double major curves. They often can be treated with selective thoracic fusion. However, many variables are involved, and the potential for decompensation should be discussed with the patient and the patient's family so they know that it may be necessary to later add the lumbar curve. The rod rotation maneuver and anterior segmental spinal instrumentation often may save fusion levels over what may have been needed with Harrington instrumentation. However, there are many variables here as well. Surgeons should be particularly concerned with maintaining and re-creating enough segmental lordosis for the patient so the spine can withstand the inevitable aging process.
The O(6) → rotor transition in the PtOs nuclei

Abstract The PtOs nuclei are treated from the viewpoint of the interacting boson approximation model, in particular, as a region initiating an O(6) → rotor transition. It is found that the levels and level patterns predicted in the O(6) limit occur in these nuclei and that the trends in a large number of rapidly varying B (E2) values and E2 branching ratios can be reproduced by calculations that are sensitive almost solely to a single parameter representing the relative location of a nucleus between the O(6) and rotor extremes. This parameter is chosen to vary smoothly and systematically. Specifically, the striking empirical differences in the decay modes of 0 + states in Pt and Os emerge as natural and nearly parameter independent consequences of the changes in boson number with mass. Other characteristics features of the O(6) → rotor transition, such as the behavior of 0 + −2 + −2 + sequences, the emergence of K = 4 rotational bands in Os and the rapidly changing branching ratios involving the quasi-γ-band all reflect corresponding empirical trends in this region. Further, the perturbed O(6) scheme predicts absolute B (E2) values which, over the entire region, agree much better with the data than those of existing models.
Predicting MBA no-shows and graduation success with discriminate analysis

This paper uses discriminate analysis to examine five years of MBA admission records in order to separate no-shows from the successful program graduates. The study used traditional numeric data such as age, length of time with current employer, undergraduate GPA and GMAT scores—as well as dummy variables for sex, full- or part-time status, race, the public or private nature of the undergraduate institution, and in-state tuition eligibility. The analysis correctly separated the no-shows with a 94.2 percent classification rate based entirely on the use of dummy variables. Unlike other studies, undergraduate GPAs, GMAT scores, and other numeric variables played no role in the final classification. The results suggest that more attention be given to the use of dummy variables when it comes to predicting the success of MBA program graduates.
Single- versus dual-chamber sensor-driven pacing: comparison of cardiac outputs.

Previous studies have shown that single-chamber sensor-driven pacing improves exercise tolerance for patients with chronotropic incompetence. However, long-term single-chamber pacing has a number of inherent problems that limit its usefulness. Although sensor-driven dual-chamber pacing largely obviates the problems inherent with single-chamber sensor-driven pacing, the physiologic benefit of dual-chamber sensor-driven pacing has not yet been demonstrated. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to compare exercise-induced cardiac output for patients with chronotropic incompetence, after programming their pacemakers to either a simulated sensor-driven single or simulated dual-chamber mode. Cardiac output was measured noninvasively at rest and peak exercise using standard Doppler-derived measurements, obtained in a blinded fashion. At rest the Doppler-derived resting VVI and DDD cardiac outputs were 4.49 ± 0.3 L/min and 4.68 ± 0.3 L/min, respectively. At peak exercise, the DDD cardiac output was 5.07 ± 0.5 L/min, whereas the simulated activity VVI and DDD cardiac outputs were 6.33 ± 0.6 L/min and 7.41 ± 0.70 L/min, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there was an overall significant difference in cardiac output from rest to peak exercise (p < 0.001). However, only the simulated activity DDD cardiac output was significantly different from its respective control value (p < 0.05). Thus this study shows for the first time that the addition of rate responsiveness to dual-chamber pacing results in a significant improvement in cardiac output for patients with chronotropic incompetence.
Safety, efficacy, and tissues residues of ivermectin in reindeer

Safety, efficacy, and tissue residues of ivermectin, a broad spectrum parasiticide, were determined in Alaskan reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus ). Reindeer treated at 5 times and 10 times the standard dose of 200 mcg/kg had no detectable physical or behavioral reactions to ivermectin injected subcutaneously in the mid-cervical area. Ivermectin eliminated essentially 100% of reindeer warble larvae ( Hypoderma ( Oedemagena ) tarandi ). Tissue levels of ivermectin in back fat, injection site, muscle, liver, and kidney collected 3, 10, 17, and 24 days post injection were determined. All tissues levels rapidly declined and were approaching low unmea-surable amounts at the end of the 24 day test period. Ivermectin is a safe effective parasiticide that has been used successfully to threat thousands of reindeer in Alaska.
A note on Unger’s “What linguistic units do Chinese characters represent?”

Unger (2011) observes that Chinese characters do not observe a Zipfian distribution, and he uses this fact as evidence that Chinese characters do not represent words. He then goes on to suggest that they do not represent morphemes either. In this note I argue that Unger’s observation is neither new, nor is it necessary; and that, at least with respect to his claim about morphemes, it does not support the conclusion he wishes to make.
The long-term mine production scheduling problem

Recognizing the complexity of coal mining management, e.g., the scarcity of financial resources and a variation in the quality of coal found in different sections of a mine, in this paper, we develop a mixed-binary programming model as an aid for generating mine production schedules in order to obtain coal of the desired quality and maximize the associated net present value. The model is based on the definition of the mine layout as a precedence network, with the nodes representing mining sections. A general solution methodology based on the Benders' decomposition of the model is developed. It exploits the special nature of the resulting subproblems in order to develop an effective solution procedure. Computational experience of this procedure, along with the results of its application to a mining case, are presented.
Some effects of temperature on the erosion of metals

Abstract The effect of temperature on the erosion of several metals was experimentally investigated. Theoretical considerations based on the temperature dependence of basic metallurgical processes were applied to analyze the results obtained. In general it was found that erosion damage may increase or decrease as the temperature increases, depending upon the angle at which the particles strike the material surface and upon the test temperature with respect to the thermal properties of the material.
Isolation of immunoreactive β-endorphin-related and Met-enkephalin-related peptides from the posterior pituitary of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis

Abstract Acid extracts of the posterior pituitary of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis , were analyzed with two heterologous region specific β-endorphin RIAs. Following gel filtration chromatography and cation exchange chromatography four peaks of immunoreactivity were detected. All four peaks were detected with a N-acetyl specific β-endorphin RIA. Peak I represented 92% of the total immunoreactivity isolated following cation exchange chromatography. This peak had a net positive charge at pH 2.5 of +1 and an apparent molecular weight of 1.4 Kd. Following reverse phase HPLC, Peak I fractionated into two peaks: Peak Ia and Peak Ib. Both peaks were detected with the N-acetyl specific β-endorphin RIA and a Met-enkephalin RIA, however, neither peak co-migrated with either Met-enkephalin or N-acetyl-β-endorphin(1–16). At present it is not clear whether Peak I is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin or one of the other opioid polyproteins. Peaks II, III, and IV represented 8% of the total immunoreactivity recovered following cation exchange chromatography. These peaks had net positive charges of +3, +4, and +5, respectively, and apparent molecular weights of 2.8, 3.2, and 3.5 Kd, respectively. These apparently N-acetylated β-endorphin-sized forms are minor end products of the pro-opiomelanocortin biosynthetic pathway.
The effects of caffeine, impulsivity, and sex on memory for word lists

The present study examined the effects of caffeine on memory for supraspan word lists. Twelve groups of male and female college students classified as high or low impulsive received either 0, 2, or 4 mg/kg of caffeine. Female subjects were tested only during the menstrual phase of their cycle and were not taking oral contraceptives. Subjects listened to 12 word lists presented at one of four rates. Caffeine facilitated recall in females after practice with the task, but impaired recall in males only at the medium dose. The observed effects of caffeine were not influenced by subject's verbal ability, typical amount of caffeine consumption, or level of impulsivity. The results suggest that the effects of caffeine on females may vary according to the level of estrogen in the subject's system.
Will Windows change the shape of the industry and the education, again? How?

There are numerous existing technologies and platforms used for different kinds of activities. These are very well pointed at the essentials of what we do. Devices for calls and communication, devices for work, devices for fun.Devices for our family and home.Cloud for sharing.Internet for learning. Can we change this paradigm? Are there ways how to use technology differently, maximizing not only the user experience, but also the productivity, possibilities and flexibility. Windows 8 is not just another version. We are facing dramatic change in the perception, usage and possibilities of the new era devices for work, fun and nevertheless for learning and education.
Economic reform, voting, and local political intervention: Evidence from India

Abstract This paper uses the Indian tariff reforms of the early nineties to estimate how voters hurt by economic reforms respond. Regions more hurt by the tariff reform increased their support for both the party that initiated their suffering and parties with similar preferences in favor of poverty-centric policies. This response is surprisingly sophisticated, where voters did not simply punish incumbents for negative income shocks and correctly discounted initial anti-reform stances by opposition parties that later turned out to be false. Furthermore, the strength of this voting response varied with both geography and local political incentives, suggesting that the economic effects of reforms might vary substantially in large and decentralized democracies.
A New Trichotomous Measure of World‐System Position Using the International Trade Network

Snyder and Kick’s (1979) measure of world-system position continues to serve as the premier trichotomous network indicator of a state’s location in the capitalist world economy. In this study, we identify several problems with this orthodox measure concerning its age, informal construction, and incorporation of inappropriate networks. We introduce a trichotomous network measure of world-system position that addresses these concerns, applying Borgatti and Everett’s (1999) core/periphery model to a three-tiered partition using international trade data. Our trichotomous measure of the trade network identifies an expanded core, consisting of an old orthodox core joined by a set of upwardly mobile states. We estimate the effect of world-system position on economic growth and find that our trade measure significantly outperforms Snyder and Kick’s orthodox measure. When controlling for human capital, the strong effects of our trade measure persist, while the weaker effects estimated by the orthodox measure largely disappear. Moreover, our models with human capital reveal that states economically converge within world-system zones, while continuing to diverge between zones.
INFANT MORTALITY AMONG AMERICAN INDIANS

Over the 12 regions of the Indian Health Service in 1987, the number of households predicted neonatal mortality, while median income predicted postnatal infant mortality rates.
Primary cerebral neuroblastoma: a light and electron microscopic study.

A small-cell neoplasm in the left temporal lobe of a 10 and a half year old boy was studied by light and electron microscopy. Routine sections of the mass showed a differentiating neuroblastoma with Homer Wright rosettes, several foci of immature neoplastic neurons (ganglion cells), many mitoses, arcas of necrosis and tumor vessels showing endothelial proliferation. Ultrastructurally, most cells resembled early fetal neuroblasts and also were similar to those in murine and peripheral human neuroblastomas.
Accountability to whom

Abstract Social scientists are participating evermore frequently in the evaluation of social action programs. Participation, however, does not always imply social action. In keeping with the tradition of social sciences as critical and debunking activities, practitioners might consider the merits of conceiving themselves as agents of social change rather than technicians responding to emissaries of social control. This position also implies a view of applied research as an active enterprise through which reflective practitioners participate in the definition and direction of applied research efforts. After reviewing implications of non-reflective and reflective stances, the conclusion is that applied researchers adopting a social action perspective actually maximize their obligations as scholar-scientists even though a non-neutral posture is assumed.
Modeling Laser Travel and its Effects on Temperature Evolution in Laser Hardening of Hypoeutectoid Steel

To achieve a precise and controlled laser process, a thorough analysis of the thermal behavior of the material is necessary. The knowledge of the thermal cycles is important to ascertain suitable processing parameters, thus improving surface properties when the alloys are laser irradiated. In the present paper, a numerical simulation of the laser hardening process has been developed using the finite element (FE) code ABAQUS™ to solve the heat transfer equation inside the treated material (AISI 4140 steel). The thermal analysis is based on Jaeger’s classical moving heat source method by considering the laser beam as a moving plane (band/disc) heat source and the target material is a semi-infinite solid. However, the FE model, used to solve the governing equation, does not directly accommodate the moving nature of heat source. A reasonable approximation is to divide the laser travel on the substrate into many small time/load steps, and apply variable flux and boundary conditions in each time/load step. This approximates the quasi-steady state phenomena over the series of these time steps for the complete laser travel. This paper investigates the effects of the choice of time/load steps on the temperature evolution as well the computing times in the process.© 2014 ASME
Reliability and Accuracy of Culture-Level Judgements of Personal Values

In an investigation into the interrater reliability and accuracy of culture-level judgements of personal values, 289 undergraduates made reliable but not accurate estimations.
OBSERVATION OF COLD GROUND-STATE CESIUM MOLECULES PRODUCED IN A MAGNETO-OPTICAL TRAP

We have observed translationally cold electronic ground-state cesium dimers produced directly in a magneto-optical trap and also by photoassociation of cold atoms in this trap. These neutral molecules were detected using photoionization and time-of-flight spectroscopy. Initial experiments indicated a cold molecular formation rate of about $600{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1},$ with no photoassociation laser present. The measured translational temperature of the neutral cesium dimers was approximately 100 \ensuremath{\mu}K.
Patency and characteristics of lower extremity vein grafts requiring multiple revisions.

Abstract Objectives: Multiple (> 1) revisions of lower extremity vein grafts may be required to maintain patency. Characteristics of recurrent lower extremity vein graft lesions and the patency achieved after multiple revisions have not been emphasized in reports on infrainguinal vein graft stenosis. This study was performed to determine (1) the patency of multiply revised lower extremity vein grafts and (2) the timing, location, and angiographic and duplex features of the recurrent lesions. Methods: Lower extremity vein grafts that were followed in a duplex surveillance protocol and required revisions from January 1990 through December 1998 were identified. All revisions were preceded by angiography. In multiply revised lower extremity vein grafts, the immediate preoperative angiogram and duplex examination findings, as well as the angiogram made before the previous revision and the duplex study done after the previous revision, were reviewed to characterize recurrent lesions at the time of previous and current graft revision. The patencies of grafts undergoing single and multiple revisions were compared. Results: A total of 233 lower extremity vein graft revisions were performed; of these, 50 (21%) were repeat revisions. Of grafts requiring more than one revision, 98% were normal on duplex examination after the initial revision. Five-year assisted primary patency of multiply revised grafts (91%) was not different from that of grafts with a single revision (89%; P not significant). Of 60 lesions repaired in the 50 repeat revisions, 29 (48%) were at the previously revised site, and 31 (52%) were at new sites. The time between revisions was less if the same site was revised (11 ± 2 months) than if a different site required revision (20 ± 4 months; P Conclusion: In our experience, 21% of lower extremity vein grafts requiring initial revision ultimately require additional revisions. Multiply revised lower extremity vein grafts have excellent long-term patency. Lesions occur with equal frequency at the site of prior revision and new sites. Lesions prompting revision at new sites occur significantly later and are infrequently detected on prior imaging studies. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:23-31.)
Zinc Homeostasis in Premature Infants Does Not Differ Between Those Fed Preterm Formula or Fortified Human Milk

The objectives of this study were to compare zinc homeostasis in premature infants enterally fed with either preterm infant formula or fortified human milk; to examine interrelationships of variables of zinc homeostasis; and to examine the findings in relation to estimated zinc requirements of preterm infants. Zinc homeostasis was studied in 14 infants (8 male), with mean gestational age of 31 wk and birth weight appropriate for gestational age, who were exclusively fed either preterm formula (n = 9) or own mother's milk with human milk fortifier (n = 5). Zinc stable isotopes were administered intravenously ((70)Zn) and orally as an extrinsic label ((67)Zn) over multiple feeds for determination of fractional absorption by dual isotope tracer ratio in urine; endogenous fecal zinc was determined by isotope dilution; and exchangeable zinc pool (EZP) size was estimated from linear regression of log-transformed urine (70)Zn enrichment data. Results indicated no significant differences in the variables of zinc homeostasis between the feeding groups; data for all subjects were thus combined. Mean (+/- SD) fractional absorption was 0.26 +/- 0.07; net absorbed zinc 0.43 +/- 0.25 mg/d (0.31 +/- 0.19 mg/kg/d). Mean EZP was 20 +/- 10 mg/kg, and was positively correlated with total absorbed zinc and with net absorbed zinc. Feeding type and total absorbed zinc were significantly related to daily weight gain (p = 0.003). Current zinc intakes from fortified human milk or formula are associated with acceptable weight gain, but whether the observed net zinc absorption was optimal in the human milk group cannot be definitively determined from these data.
Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency is associated with decreased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine production in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: implications for mechanisms of tumorigenesis

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) usually harbor activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA, which promote tumorigenesis through activation of growth factor receptor signaling pathways. Around 15% of GISTs in adults and >90% in children lack such mutations ('wild-type' GISTs). Most gastric wild-type GISTs show loss of function of the Krebs cycle enzyme complex succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). However, the mechanism by which SDH deficiency drives tumorigenesis is unclear. Loss of SDH leads to succinate accumulation, which is thought to inhibit α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzymes, such as the TET family of DNA hydroxylases. TET proteins catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), which is required for subsequent DNA demethylation. Thus, TET-mediated 5-hmC production alters global DNA methylation patterns and may thereby influence gene expression. We investigated 5-hmC levels in a cohort of genotyped GISTs to determine whether loss of SDH was associated with inhibition of TET activity. 5-hmC levels were examined via immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 30 genotyped GISTs, including 10 SDH-deficient tumors (5 SDHA mutant; 1 SDHB mutant; 1 SDHC mutant; 3 unknown), 14 tumors with KIT mutations (10 in exon 11; 3 in exon 9; 1 in exon 17), and 6 tumors with PDGFRA mutations (all in exon 18). Staining for 5-hmC was negative in 9 of 10 (90%) SDH-deficient GISTs, 3 of 14 (21%) KIT-mutant GISTs, and 1 of 6 (17%) PDGFRA-mutant GISTs. The other SDH-deficient GIST showed weak staining for 5-hmC. Thus, 5-hmC was absent in nearly all SDH-deficient GISTs. These findings suggest that SDH deficiency may promote tumorigenesis through accumulation of succinate and inhibition of dioxygenase enzymes. Inhibition of TET activity may, in turn, alter global DNA methylation and gene expression in SDH-deficient tumors.
Average diffusion-to-the-wall times for laser-tagged molecules in a long cylinder

An approximate closed-form expression is derived for the average wall-reaching rate kW or time τW=kW -1 of laser-tagged molecules diluted in an inert carrier gas migrating to the wall of a long cylinder where they are removed with sticking coefficient ηW. The exact equation for the sticky wall problem requires a trial-and-error solution of a transcendental relation with Bessel–functions. With the aid of the Fermi–Amaldi albedo theory, an explicit “compromise” relation is derived which approximates the exact diffusion curve of kW versus ηW rather well. The result is applied to obtain curves of kW versus ηW at different gas mix pressures for UF6 diluted in N2.
Knowledge-based classification and tissue labeling of magnetic resonance images of human brain

This paper presents a knowledge based approach to automatic classification and tissue labeling of 2D magnetic resonance (MR) images of human brain. The system consists of two components: an unsupervised clustering algorithm and an expert system. MR brain data is initially segmented by the unsupervised algorithm, then, the expert system locates a focus-of- attention tissue or cluster and analyzes it by matching it with a model or searching in it for an expected feature. The focus-of-attention tissue location and its analysis are repeated until a tumor is found or all tissues are labeled. Abnormal slices are labeled by reclustering regions of interest with knowledge accumulated from previous analysis. The domain knowledge contains tissue distribution in feature space acquired with a clustering algorithm, and tissue models. Default reasoning is used to match a qualitative model with its instances. The system has been tested with fifty-three slices acquired at different times by two different scanners.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.