cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mosaic trisomy 17: variable clinical and cytogenetic presentation.

Mosaic trisomy 17 is rare with only 28 cases reported and the clinical presentation is highly variable. The diagnosis is most commonly made by prenatal karyotype and in most cases is followed by a normal postnatal karyotype on blood lymphocytes. We present two cases of mosaic trisomy 17 diagnosed prenatally, with follow up in multiple tissues at birth. In the first case, trisomy 17 was identified in all amniocytes, and at birth standard results of chromosome analysis in peripheral blood were normal, but mosaic trisomy 17 was identified (50–75%) in skin fibroblasts by genome-wide SNP array analysis. This patient presented with minor anomalies, congenital heart disease, asymmetry, intestinal malrotation and died on day 9 of life. In the second patient amniocentesis after ultrasound finding of tetralogy of Fallot showed mosaic trisomy 17. Postnatally, results of a SNP array were normal in blood, buccal mucosa and skin. It is possible that the cardiac defect is related to trisomy 17 in key tissues during heart development, although at birth the aneuploidy could not be identified in tissues that are routinely analyzed for diagnosis. These cases add to our understanding of mosaic trisomy 17, highlighting the failure to diagnose this aneuploidy in peripheral blood.
Deformation of C15 Laves Phase Alloys

Details of the structure and previous work on the deformation of C Laves phases are reviewed. The phase diagram of the Hf-V-Nb system, some metallurgical and physical properties, mechanical behavior, and the deformation mechanisms of HfV{sub 2}+Nb (CI5 HfV{sub 2}+Nb and V-rich bcc solution) are presented based on our previous work. Theoretical approaches to understanding the results of these studies are discussed.
On the Structure of the Southern Oscillation

A realistic oceanic general circulation model is forced with winds observed over the tropical Pacific between 1967 and 1979. The structure of the simulated Southern Oscillation is strikingly different in the western and eastern sides of the basin, because the principal interannual zonal-wind fluctuations are confined to the west and are in the form of an equatorial jet. This causes thermocline displacements to have maxima off the equator in the west (where the curl of the wind is large) but on the equator in the east. Zonal phase propagation, both on and off the equator, is at different speeds in the west and east. The phase pattern is complex, and there is, on interannual time scale, no explicit evidence of individual equatorial waves. These results lead to a modification of the 'delayed oscillator' mechanism originally proposed by Schopf and Suarez to explain a continual Southern Oscillation. The results also permit an evaluation of the various coupled ocean-atmosphere models that simulate the Southern Oscillation and indicate which measurements are necessary to determine which models are most relevant to reality.
The performance of CuIn1−xGaxSe2-based photovoltaic cells prepared from low-cost precursor films

Abstract In this paper we report the 15.4%- and 13.4%-efficient CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS)-based devices from electrodeposited (ED) and electroless deposited (EL) precursors. The efficiency of the device prepared from electroless precursor film has been improved from 12.4% to 13.4%. The dependence of quantum efficiencies on reverse-bias voltage has been measured for a 15.4%-efficient ED device, 18.8%-efficient physical-vapor-deposited device, and 14.2%-efficient Cd-free device. The purpose of this work is to explore and improve the current collection mechanism.
AMP deaminase in Dictycostelium discoideum: Increase in activity following nutrient deprivation induced by starvation or hadacidin

AMP deaminase, the activity that catalyzes the deamination of AMP to form IMP and NH3 has been measured in Dictyostelium discoideum. A new procedure to assay the activity of this enzyme was developed using formycin 5′-monophosphate, a fluorescent analog of AMP as the substrate, and ionpaired reverse phase HPLC to separate the reactants and products. Quantitation of the formycin containing compounds was accomplished at 290 nm. At this wavelength adenosine containing compounds were not detected and activity could be monitored in the presence of its activator ATP. The AMP deaminase activity in vegetative cells was 7.4 nmols/min/mg proteins while the activity in cells measured at 2 and 6 hrs after starvation-induced growth-arrest was 376 nmols/min/mg protein... a 51-fold increase. When vegetative cells were treated with hadacidin, a drug that restricts de novo AMP synthesis and pinocytosis, the activity of the AMP deaminase was 511 nmols/min/mg protein... a 70-fold increase compared to that in untreated vegetative cells. Smaller increases were noted following the inhibition of growth with the drugs cerulenin and vinblastine, as well as after the inhibition of de novo GMP synthesis with the drug mycophenolic acid or the partial inhibition of de novo AMP synthesis with analogs of hadacidin, N-hydroxyglycine and N-formylglycine. In addition, when the activity of two other enzymes involved in purine metabolism, namely adenosine kinase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, was measured in vegetative cells, and the activity of both compared to that measured in starvation and hadacidin induced growth-arrested cells, showed no significant changes. These data suggest that the changes in the activity of the AMP deaminase are in response to nutrient deprivation and further, that as a consequence of the increase in AMP deaminase activity, ammonia will be produced and an increase in pH should follow. The production of ammonia and its effect on development implicates the AMP deaminase in the early differentiation of this organism.
Seasonal Occurrence of Diseases in Cage-Reared Channel Catfish, 1987–1991

Abstract Diagnostic records of the Southeastern Cooperative Fish Disease Project were used to determine the incidence of bacterial and parasitic diseases in cagecultured channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Laboratory submissions increased moderately from 1987 through 1990 and decreased in 1991. The proportion of diagnosed epizootics attributable to Edwardsiella ictaluri (enteric septicemia of catfish) decreased during this period, from 32% in 1987 to 10% in 1990 and 21% in 1991. Incidence of motile Aeromonas septicemia decreased from a high of 22% in 1987 to approximately 12% in 1991. Flexibacter (Cytophaga) columnaris was the cause of 12–23% of the diagnosed epizootics. Incidence of parasitic infestations of Ichthyobodo (Costia) necatrix decreased from 21 and 23% in 1988 and 1989, respectively, to 8% in 1991. Incidence of Henneguya infestations fluctuated between 7 and 14%, and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis outbreaks occurred only during 1987 and 1990. Severe anemia was diagnosed in 4% of the submitted c...
Cluster breathing associated with bihemispheric infarction and sparing of the brainstem.

Objective To report cluster breathing pattern associated with a nonbrainstem lesion. Design Case report. Setting Neurointensive care unit, St Mary's Hospital, Rochester, Minn. Patient A patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage developed severe, diffuse, distal bilateral middle cerebral artery vasospasm with resultant cortical laminar necrosis and transient cluster breathing. Intervention Magnetic resonance imaging revealed bihemispheric lesions but no brainstem lesion. Conclusion Cluster breathing may occur with nonbrainstem lesions.
Packing analysis of carbohydrates and polysaccharides. II. B‐amylose

A procedure is described for the simultaneous optimization of the bond lenglths and angles of the glucose residue and the chain conformation of the B-amylose helix, while performing a packing analysis of the chains into a crystalline array. The results show that care must be exercised in selecting monomer residue coordinates for the packing analyis and optimum coordinates are given for the α-D-glucopyranose residue suitable for B-amylose. The packing analysis shows that of the four proposed unit cells for B-amylose the Rundle-Daasch-French, the Schieltz and the hexagonal unit cell of Blackwell et al. are not suitable, while the larger cell of Blackwell et al. is suitable. The most probable packing of B-amylose chains in that cells is antiparallel, which the chains in a lefthanded sixfold helical conformation and with the O(6) atoms in the gt rotational position.
Adult daughters' reports of breast cancer risk reduction and early detection advice received from their mothers: an exploratory study

Objective: Awareness of cancer family history is dependent upon communication between family members. Communication of this information and related decision-making could be important factors influencing breast cancer risk reduction and early detection behaviors. Using survey data from 2328 women (mean age 62.5 years) from 372 families enrolled in the Minnesota breast cancer family study, we explored adult daughter's reports of breast cancer risk reduction advice received from their mothers. Methods and results: Approximately 212 (9%) of respondents reported receiving breast cancer risk reduction advice from their mothers and 130 (89%) reported acting upon such advice. Having a mother or first degree relative (FDR) with a history of breast cancer was significantly correlated with following advice to a higher degree as compared with those not having such family history (p=0.003). Most frequently reported types of advice were to have mammograms (36%) and to have clinical breast exams (35%). Using multivariable logistic regression and after accounting for non-independence of the sample, significant independent correlates of receiving advice included younger age, having an affected mother, and having a higher perceived breast cancer risk. Receiving advice was also correlated with engaging in a higher number of health promoting behaviors and ever having received a mammogram. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings are consistent with social influence theory and suggest that mother–daughter communication about reducing risk, especially among those having a FDR with breast cancer, could be a potential pathway through which breast cancer family history is associated with the adoption of breast cancer screening and risk reduction behaviors. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In8(C6H3-2,6-Mes2)4 (Mes=C6H2-2,4,6-Me3): A Metal-Rich Main-Group Cluster with a Distorted Cubane Structure

A distorted In(8) cubane core (see picture) is present in the novel indium cluster In(8)(C(6)H(3)-2,6-Mes(2))(4) (Mes=C(6)H(2)-2,4,6-Me(3)), which was synthesized by the reaction of LiC(6)H(3)-2,6-Mes(2) with InCl. It has an average In-In bond length of 2.92 A and represents a new addition to the range of heavier Group 13 element clusters.
Suppressin: An endogenous negative regulator of immune cell activation

We have recently identified a new suppressor molecule we named suppressin (SPN) that has all the characteristics of a global negative regulator of the immune system. SPN is a unique 63-kD monomeric polypeptide with a pI of 8.1 that is produced and secreted under basal conditions by murine splenocytes, human peripheral mononuclear cells, and hormone-secreting pituitary cells. The biological actions of SPN in vitro include the inhibition of mitogen-induced proliferation and immunoglobulin synthesis of lymphocytes and the suppression of interleukin-2-dependent CTLL-2 cell proliferation. In addition, SPN enhances natural killer cell activity by eliciting interferon-α and-β synthesis and secretion. SPN effects are reversible, nontoxic, and require the continuous presence of exogenous SPN. T lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin are more sensitive to SPN (90% inhibition) than are lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells (60% inhibition). SPN arrests lymphocytes in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle after reduction of their RNA, protein and DNA synthesis, suggesting that SPN inhibits the processes required for G0 transition to G1. SPN is found intracellularly in all unstimulated lymphocyte subsets, monocytes, and in phytohemagglutinin-activated T lymphocytes immunopositive for the low affinity interleukin-2 receptor. These results suggest that SPN may be a major negative regulator of cell proliferation in the immune system. All SPN-producing cell types are also sensitive to SPN. Collectively, the results of these experiments provide the foundations for a model in which SPN regulates lymphocyte proliferation in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. Additional evidence supporting this hypothesis was provided by experiments showing that by blocking endogenous SPN activity in vitro with neutralizing anti-SPN antibodies unstimulated lymphocyte proliferation is induced. Lastly, SPN also inhibits the proliferation of leukemia and lymphoma cells in vitro, suggesting a potential role for SPN in regulating tumor cell proliferation.
Employers' hiring decisions and inefficiency in the market for economists

Abstract Employers' sampling process in the market for economists is used to highlight the origins of employment inefficiency in the labor market. This sampling process is made up of successive interviews which tends to underscore employers' beliefs about a job candidate's Intellectual Baggage ( IB ) (i.e., the sum of his credentials as indicative of his potential productivity). It is shown that employers' budget constraints and conjunctures formulated through the sampling process about the candidates' expected productivity force a myopically optimal stopping decision which is the source of this inefficiency.
Antenna chlorophyll a complexes in mutant and developing barley.

The chlorophyll a antenna of photosystems I and II were each isolated after detergent treatment by gel electrophoresis or sucrose gradient centrifugation from a b-less mutant of barley grown in daylight and from wildtype barley developed in intermittent light. We identified each fraction by both its electrophoretic position and PS I activity (P700 content) in the case of the mutant, and by both PS I and PS II activity (DCIP reduction from DPC) in the light-limited plants. The proportion of Chl a in each photosystem was estimated from the amount in each gel or sucrose gradient band, and from addition of the areas under the absorption spectra (650–710 nm) of each fraction to match the spectrum of the solubilized thylakoids. The latter method was possible because the spectrum (77 K) of each fraction was unique; in the mutant about 70% of chlorophyll is associated with PS I and 30% with PS II. In the light-limited plants, the reverse is true with nearly 70% associated with PS II. RESOL analyses of both absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of all isolated fractions indicated an abnormal arrangement of antenna chlorophyll molecules in the light-limited, developing membranes even though their reaction centers are fully functional.
Binding properties of streptococcal glucosyltransferases for hydroxyapatite, saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, and bacterial surfaces.

Abstract The binding specificities of Streptococcus glucosyltransferase (Gtf) B, C and D for hydroxyapatite (HA), saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (SHA), and bacterial surfaces were examined. For HA beads the following values were obtained: ( K =affinity; N =number of binding sites) GtfB, K =46×10 5 ml/ μ mol, N =0.65×10 −6 μ mol/m 2 ; GtfC, K =86×10 5 ml/ μ mol, N =4.42×10 −6 μ mol/m 2 ; GtfD, K =100×10 5 ml/ μ mol, N =0.83×10 −6 μ mol/m 2 . For SHA beads, the following values were obtained: GtfB, K =14.7×10 5 ml/ μ mol, N =1.03×10 −6 μ mol/m 2 ; GtfC, K =21.3×10 5 ml/ μ mol, N =3.66×10 −6 μ mol/m 2 ; GtfD, K =1.73×10 5 ml/ μ mol, N =8.88×10 −6 μ mol/m 2 . The binding of GtfB to SHA beads was reduced in the presence of parotid saliva, but the binding of GtfC and D was unaffected. The binding of GtfB to SHA in the presence of parotid saliva supplemented with GtfC and D was reduced when compared with its binding to SHA in the presence of parotid saliva alone. In contrast, the binding of GtfC and D to SHA was unaffected when parotid saliva was supplemented with the other Gtf enzymes. GtfB bound to several bacterial strains ( Strep. mutans GS-5, Actinomyces viscosus OMZ105E and Lactobacillus casei 4646) in an active form, while GtfC and D did not bind to bacterial surfaces. It is concluded that of the three Gtf enzymes, GtfC has the highest affinity for HA and SHA surfaces and can adsorb on to the SHA surface in the presence of the other two enzymes. GtfD also binds to SHA in the presence of the other enzymes but has a very low affinity for the surface. GtfB does not bind to SHA in the presence of the other Gtf enzymes but binds avidly to bacterial surfaces in an active form. Therefore, GtfC most probably binds to apatitic surfaces, while GtfB binds to bacterial surfaces.
As-Grown InGaAs Nanolasers for Integrated Silicon Photonics

We report on-chip InGaAs nanopillar lasers directly grown on silicon using a low-temperature, CMOS-compatible MOCVD process. A novel whispering gallery and Fabry-Perot hybrid cavity mode provides optical feedback for laser oscillation in as-grown subwavelength nanopillars.
Comparison of the Esterases and Acid Phosphatases in Paramecium multimicronucleatum, Syngens 1–5, P. jenningsi, P. caudatum, and the P. aurelia Complex1

. Forty-eight stocks in Paramecium jenningsi, syngens 1–5 of P. multimicronucleatum, P. caudatum, P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia, and P. tetraurelia were grown axenically and tested for their esterases and acid phosphatases using starch gel electrophoresis. The five esterases and the acid phosphatases previously characterized in species of the P. aurelia complex were also found in P. jenningsi, and three to four of the esterases and the acid phosphatases were found in the P. multimicronucleatum species complex and in P. caudatum. Additional subtypes were observed for each of the enzyme phenotypes in these new (though here unnamed) species of Paramecium. Two of the new acid phosphatase subtypes, which depart radically in mobility and in pattern, were found in syngen 3 of P. multimicronucleatum and in P. caudatum. Except for syngens 1 and 5 in P. multimicronucleatum, the degree of similarity between syngens 1, 5 and 2, 3, and 4 appears to be very low—perhaps even lower than that seen for species in the aurelia complex. More realistically, the syngens of P. multimicronucleatum should be considered as separate species although they are not here given separate taxonomic names. Limited sharing of subtypes occurred between species in different species complexes. This observation suggests that the molecular distances between species complexes may be even greater than between species within a complex.
Longitudinal Modeling of Methamphetamine Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Gay and Bisexual Men

The purpose of the analyses was to examine the associations between methamphetamine and other club drug use with sexual risk taking across time in cohort of gay and bisexual men. Data were collected from a community-based sample. Assessments of unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners, and use of methamphetamine and other illicit drugs, were assessed at baseline, and at 4-month intervals over the course of a year, and were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. Methamphetamine use was related to the frequency of unprotected insertive and receptive intercourse with both HIV-positive and status unknown casual partners across time. The association between methamphetamine use and unprotected acts also was more pronounced for HIV-positive participants. These findings suggest that methamphetamine, and unprotected anal intercourse are co-occurring risk behaviors, that potentially heighten the risk of HIV transmission among gay and bisexual men. HIV prevention and intervention should concurrently target both these behaviors.
Estimating the benefits of recreation under conditions of congestion congestion

Abstract In a recent issue of J. Environ. Econ. Manag. Wetzel showed that the standard travel cost technique will understate recreation benefits under congested conditions because changes in entry fee lead to lowered congestion levels. This comment indicates that benefit projections derived from the travel cost procedure may theoretically overstate the true value of recreation if rising income levels shift the demand curve upwards but fail to account for the contrary effect of increased congestion. The magnitude and direction of the bias that results from omission of a congestion variable is, however, indeterminate when standard econometric techniques are used to develop benefit projections.
Preliminary thermo-mechanical analysis of the second-phase photon shutters for insertion device beamline front ends at the Advanced Photon Source

Abstract The photon shutters (PS) on the insertion device front end of the beamlines at theAdvanced Photon Source (APS) are designed to fully intercept powerful 7-GeV undula-tor radiation. Traditional materials (oxygen-free copper and Glidcop) are used in theirconstruction. Initially, the APS proposes to operate the storage ring at 100 mA. In laterphases of operation, the APS will operate the storage ring at 300 mA. The heat fluxfrom the undulators is enormous. For example, in the later phase of the project, thefirst photon shutter (PSi) placed at a distance of 17 rn from the Undulator A sourcewill be subjected to 1400 W/rnrn2 at normal incidence with a total power of 11.4 kW.The PS uses an enhanced heat transfer mechanism developed at Argonne NationalLaboratory, which increases the convective heat transfer coefficient to about 3 W/crn2. oc withsingle phase water as the coolant. To be able to handle the expected three-foldincrease in the intense heat flux, some low-Z materials (such as beryllium or graphite),which can absorb the xra,rs through their thickness, are now considered as the facingmaterial on the absorber base plate of the PS.Our analysis ofPSl indicates that the face plate made ofeither graphite or berylliumretains its integrity in most of the cases. The maximum effective stress of the absorberplate (made of annealed OFHC) exceeds the yield strength (50 MPa) except in the caseof an absorber with a 10-mm graphite face plate.
Quantitative analysis of dinuclear manganese(II) EPR spectra.

A quantitative method for the analysis of EPR spectra from dinuclear Mn(II) complexes is presented. The complex [(Me(3)TACN)(2)Mn(II)(2)(mu-OAc)(3)]BPh(4) (1) (Me(3)TACN=N, N('),N(")-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane; OAc=acetate(1-); BPh(4)=tetraphenylborate(1-)) was studied with EPR spectroscopy at X- and Q-band frequencies, for both perpendicular and parallel polarizations of the microwave field, and with variable temperature (2-50K). Complex 1 is an antiferromagnetically coupled dimer which shows signals from all excited spin manifolds, S=1 to 5. The spectra were simulated with diagonalization of the full spin Hamiltonian which includes the Zeeman and zero-field splittings of the individual manganese sites within the dimer, the exchange and dipolar coupling between the two manganese sites of the dimer, and the nuclear hyperfine coupling for each manganese ion. All possible transitions for all spin manifolds were simulated, with the intensities determined from the calculated probability of each transition. In addition, the non-uniform broadening of all resonances was quantitatively predicted using a lineshape model based on D- and r-strain. As the temperature is increased from 2K, an 11-line hyperfine pattern characteristic of dinuclear Mn(II) is first observed from the S=3 manifold. D- and r-strain are the dominate broadening effects that determine where the hyperfine pattern will be resolved. A single unique parameter set was found to simulate all spectra arising for all temperatures, microwave frequencies, and microwave modes. The simulations are quantitative, allowing for the first time the determination of species concentrations directly from EPR spectra. Thus, this work describes the first method for the quantitative characterization of EPR spectra of dinuclear manganese centers in model complexes and proteins. The exchange coupling parameter J for complex 1 was determined (J=-1.5+/-0.3 cm(-1); H(ex)=-2JS(1).S(2)) and found to be in agreement with a previous determination from magnetization. The phenomenon of exchange striction was found to be insignificant for 1.
Unusual cause of acute urinary retention in a child

A five-year-old child presented with a history of acute urinary retention for eighteen hours. Extensive diagnostic evaluation proved the presence of a retrovesical pelvic mass, which on surgical exploration was found to be an acutely inflamed appendix.
Postmenopausal Genital Bleeding An Analysis of 132 Cases

It has been stated that 70 per cent of all uterine carcinomata present initially with postmenopausal bleeding (Lewis, 1965). Such bleeding usually prompts the patient to seek medical advice. However, some postmenopausal women may disregard this important sign because of pre-menstrual familiarity with vaginal loss and because of ignorance of the import of bleeding (Abbas, 1960).
Angioplasty balloons, stents, and endografts

When Charles Dotter described the first angioplasty in 1964, his vision of the potential for the procedure far exceeded the materials and devices available to achieve his lofty goals. This first angioplasty, performed with coaxial catheters rather than an angioplasty balloon, paved the way for the technical and medical revolution that has occurred in the management of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) over the past 30 years. Percutaneous interventions have been proven effective and durable. Among the most impressive results are those achieved in the iliac system. This success has in large part been related to the great technical advances that occurred in balloon catheter and stent technology over the past 25 years. This article reviews the important properties of balloons and stents as they apply to clinical applications in aortoiliac revascularization. In addition, a brief review of stent-grafts is presented.
Remediation of ozone depletion by atmospheric electrical charging: The importance of laboratory testing

Abstract The removal of ozone destroying atomic chlorine or its reservoirs by atmospheric electrical charging is reviewed for three different heights and regimes. Atmospheric electrification provides electrons which can attach to chlorine atoms of high electron affinity, inhibiting its catalytic destruction of ozone. In one scheme electrons are emitted from an isolated photocathode platform by either a closed circuit current configuration or the concurrent release of positively charged water droplets. Two other remediation schemes are described to illustrate the diversity of electrical charging. Laboratory testing can verify measuring equipment for ion composition and validate remediation concepts. It also offers a check on computer modeling. We also respond to comments ofViggiano et al. [Science 267 (1995) 82] regarding practicality of our ozone mitigation scheme.
Changes in Serum Prolactin and Gonadotropins During Sexual Development of the Male Rat

Serum levels of FSH, LH and prolactin were determined during development in male rats. Blood was collected from the trunk after decapitation. Prolactin levels were very low at 15 and 20 days of age, underwent an initial rise at 25 days, and then remained relatively constant until 50 days. A secondary increase occurred thereafter to reach maximal adult values at 90 days. Serum FSH was readily detectable at 15 and 20 days, rose to a peak at 25 and 30 days and then declined back to the original levels by 60 days. It remained relatively constant thereafter. On the other hand, serum LH levels underwent a very gradual increase from 15 days to reach a maximum at 70 days which was similar to levels found in adults. Initiation of the rapid phase of testicular growth at 25 days could be correlated with the elevations of serum FSH and prolactin levels. Rapid growth of sex accessories began somewhat later in the presence of continued relatively high prolactin levels and falling levels of FSH. Later growth of the sex ...
Effect of cascaded arrayed-waveguide grating devices with 100GHz and 50GHz channel spacings in a 10Gb/s NRZ loop system

Measured and simulated power penalties were compared for 10Gbit/s NRZ loop experiments for cascaded AWG filters with 50GHz and 100GHz channel spacings. The results show that spectral flatness of cascaded filters can strongly influence the performance of high-speed systems with small channel spacing.
Ambulatory dispersal and life history response to food deprivation in twospotted spider mites.

A major life history characteristic of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is the ability to disperse between different hosts. This may be done by aerial or ambulatory means. Although there have been a number of studies dealing with mite dispersal, most have been qualitative in nature and examine only the overall process. In this study we measure the ambulatory dispersal capabilities of twospotted spider mite adult females and males, as well as that of deutonymphs, protonymphs and larvae at distances up to 480 cm. Additionally, for adult females only vertical (upwards and downwards) distances of up to 240 cm were measured. We also measured the influence of food deprivation on spider mite longevity and fecundity by depriving mites of food for one, two or three days immediately after ecdysis at 24 or 30 °C, or food deprivation for one, two or three days (at 24 °C) after feeding as adults for five days. Dispersal efficiency, defined as the percentage of individuals successfully crossing the test distance, generally increased with time and decreased with distance. As expected, dispersal efficiency was shown to be related to stage, with adults the most efficient and larvae the least. Food deprivation studies revealed that at 24 °C mites were capable of withstanding two days without food before longevity and fecundity began to decrease. Resume L'aptitude a la dispersion de Tetranychus urticae Tetranychus urticae Koch est caracterise par son aptitude a la dispersion sur differents hotes. Nous examinons 2 aspects de celle-ci: 1) aptitude a la dispersion a faible distance en rampant; 2) effet de la perte de contact avec l'hote (par suite de la dispersion) sur la survie et la fecondite. En ce qui concerne la dispersion a faible distance, la mesure a porte sur l'aptitude de chaque stade a parcourir differentes distances jusqu'a 480 cm. De plus, pour les femelles la mesure a concerne seulement la dispersion verticale jusqu'a 240 cm. L'efficacite de la dispersion etait plus elevee sur les faibles distances; l'aptitude a la dispersion etait liee au stade, les adultes etant meilleurs que les larves. Les effets de la privation de nourriture ont ete en particulier: a) que les acariens sont capables de survivre 2 jours a 24 °C sans aliments avant que longevite et fecondite ne diminuent; b que des acariens prives d'aliments pendant 3 jours a 24 ou 30 °C ont presente une mortalite tres elevee. Aucun acarien ne survecut a 3 jours de jeune a 30 °C; c) La temperature pendant le jeune a determine le temps pendant lequel les acariens ont pu supporter le jeune.
Source of stray voltage and effect on cow health and performance

In dairy cows, two distinct and important aspects of the interrelationship between stray voltage problems on the farm and dairy cow productivity can be identified. One is behavioral modification that increases in intensity when currents associated with neutral-to-earth voltages above .7 V find a pathway through the cow. The other is immediate endocrine response. Results of research are less clear on the current necessary for the latter to occur; it may require 8 mA or more. This implies, depending on the pathway and the cow's pathway resistance, that voltage difference between two cow contact points must exceed 3 V. Resistance of different cow pathways range from 350 to 1700 omega. Milk production is more likely to be affected adversely when cows are subjected to shock patterns both intermittent and irregular. Less than 10% of the dairy cow population are thought to perceive any electrical currents upon contact with conductive grounding equipment provided voltages on the farm electrical neutral system remain below .35 V. This paper also identifies various sources of stray voltage problems and discusses appropriate procedures for correction.
Synthesis of monomeric and polymeric fluorovinyl-substituted aromatics

Abstract The isomeric trifluorovinyl salicyclic acids (1, 2 and 3) have been prepared via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of iodo (or bromo) salicyclic acid derivatives and CF 2 CF−ZnI, followed by removal of the protective groups. The synthesis of the corresponding gem-difluorovinyl analogs (CHCF 2 ) involves a multistep sequence, including reaction of ylides with CHClF 2 . Efforts to prepare these compounds by coupling reactions will be described. Preliminary studies to prepare oligomers 4 via coupling reactions will be presented.
Ethylene chemisorption on levitated silicon cluster ions: evidence for the importance of annealing

Abstract Mass-selected silicon clusters were levitated in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT ICR), and monitored during chemisorption reaction with ethylene. The reactivity of the six positively charged clusters studied here varied sharply as a function of cluster size, indicating that ethylene is as sensitive a probe of the cluster-surface chemistry as reported previously for ammonia. As with ammonia, the 39th and 45th clusters were found to be particularly unreactive towards ethylene chemisorption. The results suggest that most silicon clusters in this moderately large size range are able to anneal to an energetically most favored “crystalline” form.
A lower bound for the minimum weight of the dual 7-ary code of a projective plane of order 49

Existing bounds on the minimum weight d ? of the dual 7-ary code of a projective plane of order 49 show that this must be in the range 76 ? d ? ? 98. We use combinatorial arguments to improve this range to 88 ? d ? ? 98, noting that the upper bound can be taken to be 91 if the plane has a Baer subplane, as in the desarguesian case. A brief survey of known results for the minimum weight of the dual codes of finite projective planes is also included.
PHOTOPHYSICS OF PHENANTHRENE IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE. SOLVENT-SOLUTE AND SOLUTE-SOLUTE INTERACTIONS REVEALED BY LIFETIME DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS

The exponential series method of analysis is applied to single photon counting measurements of phenanthrene fluorescence decay in supercritical carbon dioxide at 32 and 35 °C and at pressures ranging from 76 to 207 bar for chromophore concentrations between 5 × 10-5 and 5 × 10-6 M. The analysis revealed trimodal fluorescence lifetime distributions near the critical temperature which can be explained by the presence of solvent−solute and solute−solute clustering. This local aggregation causes an increase in nonradiative relaxations and, therefore, a decrease in the observed fluorescence lifetimes. Concentration and density gradients are responsible for these three unique lifetimes (trimodal) in the supercritical fluid, as contrasted with the single lifetime observed in a typical organic solvent. An increase in temperature to 35 °C induces no change in lifetime distributions at high chromophore concentration, but the trimodal distribution collapses to a single mode at lower concentrations, indicating that t...
Enhancement of peak-to-total ratio in gamma-ray spectroscopy

Abstract High resolution gamma-ray measurements require the use of germanium detectors. Gamma rays with low emission probabilities are often hot detectable above the background in which source-induced effects such as Compton-scattered events play a significant role. A Compton suppression system is required to reduce the background in the low energy range, and several such techniques are described for enhancing the peak-to-total ratio in a gamma-ray spectrometer.
On communicating international affairs sentiments: A model and some preliminary evidence

Previous research on public opinion and U.S. foreign policy has tended to isolate opinion from questions of whether the opinion was communicated to or received by decision makers in the foreign policy establishment. A general model is proposed for the study of public opinion and foreign policy in which the public's knowledge of foreign affairs, opinions, choice of channels of communications (if any), and receipt of opinions by decision makers are linked. Roper data from a 1977 poll and a 1982 poll of residents in the Washington, D.C. area are used to show that “opinion” will differ depending on whether poll results or the opinions of communicators are used and depending on the communication channel chosen by decision makers as the source of information on public opinion.
Ruthenium Red Colorimetric and Birefringent Staining of Amyloid-β Aggregates in Vitro and in Tg2576 Mice

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease most notably characterized by the misfolding of amyloid-β (Aβ) into fibrils and its accumulation into plaques. In this Article, we utilize the affinity of Aβ fibrils to bind metal cations and subsequently imprint their chirality to bound molecules to develop novel imaging compounds for staining Aβ aggregates. Here, we investigate the cationic dye ruthenium red (ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) that binds calcium-binding proteins, as a labeling agent for Aβ deposits. Ruthenium red stained amyloid plaques red under light microscopy, and exhibited birefringence under crossed polarizers when bound to Aβ plaques in brain tissue sections from the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Staining of Aβ plaques was confirmed via staining of the same sections with the fluorescent amyloid binding dye Thioflavin S. In addition, it was confirmed that divalent cations such as calcium displace ruthenium red, consistent with a mechanism of binding by electrostatic interaction. We further characterized the interaction of ruthenium red with synthetic Aβ fibrils using independent biophysical techniques. Ruthenium red exhibited birefringence and induced circular dichroic bands at 540 nm upon binding to Aβ fibrils due to induced chirality. Thus, the chirality and cation binding properties of Aβ aggregates could be capitalized for the development of novel amyloid labeling methods, adding to the arsenal of AD imaging techniques and diagnostic tools.
Pentose phosphate pathway coordinates multiple redox-controlled relaxing mechanisms in bovine coronary arteries

Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) inhibitors, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) and epiandrosterone (Epi), were employed to examine whether changes in NADP(H) redox regulates contractile force in endotheliu...
A general theory of bibliometric and other cumulative advantage processes

A Cumulative Advantage Distribution is proposed which models statistically the situation in which success breeds success. It differs from the Negative Binomial Distribution in that lack of success, being a non-event, is not punished by increased chance of failure. It is shown that such a stochastic law is governed by the Beta Function, containing only one free parameter, and this is approximated by a skew or hyperbolic distribution of the type that is widespread in bibliometrics and diverse social science phenomena. In particular, this is shown to be an appropriate underlying probabilistic theory for the Bradford Law, the Lotka Law, the Pareto and Zipf Distributions, and for all the empirical results of citation frequency analysis. As side results one may derive also the obsolescence factor for literature use. The Beta Function is peculiarly elegant for these manifold purposes because it yields both the actual and the cumulative distributions in simple form, and contains a limiting case of an inverse square law to which many empirical distributions conform.
Brain ouabain stimulates peripheral marinobufagenin via angiotensin II signalling in NaCl-loaded Dahl-S rats.

Objective In NaCl-loaded Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats the transient stimulation of brain endogenous ouabain (EO) precedes the increase in renal excretion of marinobufagenin (MBG), a vasoconstrictor and natriuretic. In hypertensive DS rats, EO raises blood pressure (BP) via an ATII-sensitive pathway. We hypothesized that an NaCl-induced increase in MBG is linked to the EO-stimulated ATII pathway. Methods We studied the effects of 3 h of NaCl loading (17 mmol/kg, intraperitoneally) in male DS rats treated with antibodies to MBG or ouabain, or with losartan (25 mg/kg). Results NaCl loading alone induced a transient stimulation of pituitary EO (22.4 +/- 1.8 versus 12.2 +/- 1.3 pmol/g) and ATII (39.4 +/- 2.8 versus 18.4 +/- 3.2 ng/g), a sustained increase in MBG excretion (5.2 +/- 0.6 versus 1.1 +/- 0.2 pmol/h), a 40% inhibition of the renal sodium pump, a natriuretic response, a 35 mmHg increase in systolic BP, and an increase in adrenocortical ATII and MBG levels and in plasma norepinephrine. The anti-MBG antibody reduced the natriuresis (36%) and BP (40 mmHg), and restored renal sodium pump activity. The anti-ouabain antibody prevented the increase in pituitary ATII, reduced MBG excretion, natriuresis and BP, increased sodium pump activity, and prevented increases in plasma norepinephrine, pituitary and adrenocortical ATII, and adrenocortical MBG. Losartan mimicked the effects of the anti-ouabain antibody, but did not affect the excretion of EO. In adrenocortical cells of DS rats, ATII stimulated MBG secretion, and losartan blocked this effect. Conclusions In response to NaCl loading, brain EO, via an AT1 receptor pathway and probably via sympathetic activation, stimulates adrenocortical MBG, which inhibits the renal sodium pump and elevates BP.
Influence of SK&F 96148 on thromboxane-mediated responses in the airways of the cat

Abstract The effects of SK&F 96148, a thromboxane receptor blocking agent, on bronchoconstrictor responses were investigated in paralyzed, anesthetized, mechanically ventilated cats. I.v. injections of the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) mimics, U-46619 and U-44069, produced dose-related increases in transpulmonary pressure and lung resistance (RL) and decreases in dynamic compliance (Cdyn). After administration of SK&F 96148, 5 mg/kg i.V., bronchoconstrictor responses to U-46619 and U-44069 were reduced markedly, whereas airway responses to prostaglandin (PG) F2α, serotonin, PGD2, or the PGD3 metabolite, 9α, 11β-PGF2, were not altered. The duration of action of SK&F 96148 was greater than 2 h, and the TXA2 recsptor blockade was overcome when 10-fold larger doses of the TXA2 mimics were administered. Bronchoconstrictor responses to arachidonic acid, platelet-activating factor (PAF), endothelin-1, and E. coli endotoxin were blocked by SK&F 96148. The present data suggest that SK&F 96148 has selective thromboxane receptor blocking activity in the airways of the cat, and that bronchoconstrictor responses to endothelin-1, arachidonic acid, PAF, and E. coli endotoxin are mediated in part by the formation of TXA2.
The adenylate kinase genes of M. voltae, M. thermolithotrophicus, M. jannaschii, and M. igneus define a new family of adenylate kinases.

Abstract The adenylate kinase genes (adkA) were cloned from four closely related methanogenic members of the Archaea: the mesophile Methanococcus voltae ( Mv ), the thermophile M. thermolithotrophicus ( Mt ) and the hyperthermophiles M. jannaschii ( Mj ) and M. igneus ( Mi ). All four genes encode a protein of 192 amino acids (aa), and the four enzymes were closely related, with 68–81% aa identity in pairwise comparisons. It is anticipated that the enzyme set will provide the basis for studies that can establish the structural basis for ADK thermal stability. Mj and Mi contained a gene homologous to M. vannielii sec Y upstream of adkA, while Mv and Mt contained an unidentified, yet conserved, upstream open reading frame (ORF). Mt , Mj and Mi , but not Mv , contained an unidentified, yet highly conserved, ORF directly downstream of adkA . Based on their size, predicted secondary structure and phylogenetic relation to bacterial and eukaryotic adenylate kinases (ADK), it was concluded that the archaeal adkA genes encoded a unique class of ADK, and suggested that Euryarchaeotal and Crenarchaeotal branches of the Archaea contain separate subclasses of the enzyme.
On the riemann problem for a prototype of a mixed type conservation law

We study the system of conservation laws given by With initial value The system is elliptic when u2 + v2 < ρ2 and hyperbolic when u2 + v2 ≧ ρ2. Following Liu's construction it is found that the system always has a weak solution which however is not necessarily unique.
Fourier component imaging of water resonance in the human breast provides markers for malignancy

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that voxels with inhomogeneously broadened water resonances, as revealed by high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS) MRI, correlate with underlying tumor pathology findings, and thus carry diagnostically useful information. Thirty-four women with mammographically suspicious breast lesions were imaged at 1.5 T, using high-resolution echo-planar spectroscopic imaging. Fourier component images (FCIs) of the off-peak spectral signal were generated, and clusters of voxels with significant inhomogeneous broadening (broadened clusters) were identified and correlated to biopsy results. Inhomogeneously broadened clusters were found significantly more frequently in malignant than in benign lesions. A larger percentage of broadened cluster voxels were found inside the malignant versus benign lesions. The high statistical significance for separation of benign and malignant lesions was robust over a large range of post-processing parameters, with a maximum ROC area under curve of 0.83. In the human breast, an inhomogeneously broadened water resonance can serve as a correlate marker for malignancy and is likely to reflect the underlying anatomy or physiology.
Simplified system for creating Bose-Einstein condensates

Summary form only given. We have developed a novel system for creating Bose-Einstein condensates of /sup 87/Rb. The system contains only one magneto optical trap (MOT) and uses moving coils to transfer atoms between a vapor cell and a UHV cell. We use permanent magnets to gain high compression in our final Ioffe-Pritchard trap without contributing to the bias field.
Atmospheric Measurements by VHF Pulsed Doppler Radar

In the past decade the technique of using sensitive Doppler radars to measure wind, turbulence, and stability in the free atmosphere has been developed. Because this technique can be used to study the atmosphere at all heights from near the ground up to about 100 km, it has been named the MST (mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere) radar technique. Radars that are sensitive enough to make measurements in all three regions are called MST radars; those that can observe only in the troposphere and lower stratosphere are called ST radars. All MST and some ST radars operate in the VHF (30-300-MHz) frequency band. The history, design, measurement capability, and meteorological applications of the VHF MST radar technique are reviewed in this paper. The radar echoes come from refractive index structures in the air that have length scales of the order of half the radar wavelength, 3-4 m for VHF radars in use. The refractive index structures are primarily of two kinds: turbulent and laminar. The former results in turbulent scatter of the radar signal and the latter results in Fresnel (or partial) reflection. Meteorological applications include 1) measurement of wind profiles, particularly for the study of mesoscale phenomena such as gravity waves, fronts, jet steams, tides, wind variability, etc. These applications take advantage of the fact that wind profiles can be measured much more frequently with the MST radar technique than with other techniques. A frequency of about one profile per minute is typical. 2) Measurement of vertical winds.