cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 1 Gb/s, 4-state, sliding block Viterbi decoder

In recent years there has been great interest in the implementation of high-speed Viterbi decoders. A potential application which has pushed decode rates into the Gb/s range is convolutional coding for optical channels. In this paper, an alternative sliding block Viterbi decoder is proposed that approaches ideal linear scaling (complexity proportional to speedup) without constraining the encoding process. Sliding block Viterbi decoder implementation of the Viterbi algorithm as a sliding block decoder (SBD) is based on the observation that the state at time n can be decoded using only the information from the interval n-L to n +L, where L is the survivor path length.
Influence of Plant Genotype and Early-season Water Deficits on Oviposition Preference and Offspring Performance in Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract We examined the influence of plant genotype and early-season water deficits on oviposition preference and several measures of offspring performance in the goldenrod ball gallmaker (Eurosta solidaginis). Replicates of eight genotypes of goldenrod (Solidago altissima; Asteraceae), subjected to one of two watering regimes, were exposed to mass-released E. solidaginis. Oviposition preference was significantly affected by plant genotype and early-season water deficits, but not by their interaction; generally fewer plants in the low-water regime than the control treatment were ovipunctured in the first 24 h. In contrast, the number of ovipunctured plants forming galls was significantly affected by plant genotype and the interaction between plant genotype and early-season water deficits. Only plant genotype significantly affected the mass of adult offspring, which was highly correlated with potential fecundity in females. In the genotypes examined, oviposition preference was not affected by the interact...
Employment Discrimination Under Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act

Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of discrimination. Title II prohibits discrimination by providers of public services. Title I contains several exclusions (federal employees, employees of small state agencies) and procedural requirements (filing a charge of discrimination before filing suit) that are not in Title II. If an employer is covered by Title II but not by Title I, may that employer be sued for disability discrimination in employment? The circuits are split on the issue. The Ninth Circuit has held that because Title I explicitly covers employment, and because Title II covers public services but does not specifically mention employment, Congress must have intended for Title II not to cover employment. This article, however, agrees with the circuits that have held that Title II covers employment discrimination claims, for three reasons. First, the plain textual language of Title II broadly prohibits all discrimination by public entities. Second, the ADA's legislative history indicates that Congress intended Title II to apply to employment discrimination. Third, the Department of Justice's regulations interpreting Title II are on point and entitled to deference. This is an updated and significantly condensed version of an article that will be published imminently at 28 N. Ill. U. L. Rev. (2008).
Validation of the Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale–College Version Scores in a Sample of U.S. College Students:

Two studies examined the psychometric properties of the Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale–College Version (AMAS-C) scores among U.S. college students. In Study 1, 300 college students were administered ...
Toxicity and Metabolism of Nitroalkanes and Substituted Nitroalkanes

A series of low molecular weight nitro-containing compounds has recently been discovered to have a variety of biological activities including the reduction of anaerobic methane production in rumina...
Some Factors that Influence Utilization of Antihemophilic Activity During Clotting.

SummaryA study has been made of the effects of various plasmas, sera and fractions on AHF in stabilized (BaSO4-adsorbed) plasma. Only reagents that provided a source of thrombin caused AHF to disappear after recalcification. Materials tested that produced loss of AHF were: normal, hemophilic, PTC-deficient and Stuart factor deficient plasmas and hemophilic serum. All contained prothrombin. Those that produced no significant loss were: dicumarol plasma, normal serum, SAF, PTC and adsorbed serum; they contained no detectable prothrombin. Slow prothrombin conversion (e.g. Stuart plasma, platelet-poor plasma) was accompanied by slow AHF utilization. Removal of fibrinogen from reaction mixtures did not abolish AHF loss. Purified prothrombin caused utilization of AHF in proportion to its concentration if cephalin and calcium ions were present to cause conversion to thrombin. Preformed thrombin was also effective in proportion to its concentration; its effect was accelerated by calcium ions. The significance of ...
Aneurysm of the superficial palmar arch : a case report

We describe a case of compression of the median nerve by an aneurysm of the superficial palmar arterial arch which presented with symptoms of the carpal tunnel syndrome. The traumatic and occupational nature of true palmar aneurysms are discussed.
Simultaneous Magnetic Shielding and Magnetization Loss Measurements of YBCO Cylinders at Variable Temperatures Under Cryogenic Helium Gas Circulation

A novel experimental setup for simultaneous measurements of magnetic shielding characteristics and magnetization ac loss measurements is described. The measurement system consists of a controllable helium circulation system that enables cooling of the samples to temperatures as low as 15 K and simultaneously allows calorimetric ac loss measurements. The simultaneous measurement of shielding characteristics and ac losses permits estimation of losses in realistic operating conditions of high-temperature superconducting magnetic shields. It is shown that if the extent of losses is high compared with the cooling efficiency, the magnetic shields could quench. The data on magnetic shielding efficacy along with the corresponding magnetization losses are presented.
Approaching Gadfly ——Reflections on the Feelings of the Leading Character of Gadfly by Voynich

Ever since,reader's knowledge of Gadfly has been limited to categories of a hero and they have ignored his characters as an ordinary human being.Actually,Gadfly is a lively character.The writer tries to analyse his feelings in the fields of revolution,love and affection using the theory of femininity,so that the readers will have a new further concept of Gadfly.
The Quality of Nerve Regeneration: Factors Independent of the Most Skillful Repair

Useful regeneration takes place within a damaged nerve only to the extent that the central and peripheral templates for reinnervation are preserved or maintain some capacity for restitution. Because structural derangement occurs within both spinal cord and muscles following nerve transection, the result of even the most precise anastomosis or neurolysis often falls short of one’s expectations. The reader’s attention is directed toward both the plasticity and the constancy of the neuromuscular apparatus and its servomechanisms, in order to provide a better appreciation of the biologically imposed limitations in the rehabilitation of partially reinnervated limbs.
Dysregulation of Acetylation Enzymes Inanimal Models of Psychostimulant use Disorders: Evolving Stories

Substance use disorders are neuropsychiatric illnesses that have substantial negative biopsychosocial impact. These diseases are defined as compulsive abuse of licit or illicit substances despite adverse medicolegal consequences. Although much research has been conducted to elucidate the pathobiological bases of these disorders, much remains to be done to develop an overarching neurobiological understanding that might be translatable to beneficial pharmacological therapies. Recent advances in epigenetics promise to lead to such an elucidation. Here I provide a brief overview of observations obtained using some models of psychostimulant administration in rodents. The review identifies CREB binding protein (CBP), HDAC1, HDAC2, HADC3, HDAC4, and HDAC5 as important players in the acetylation and deacetylation processes that occur after contingent or non-contingent administration of psychostimulants. These observations are discussed within a framework that suggests a need for better animal models of addiction in order to bring these epigenetic advances to bear on the pharmacological treatment of human addicts.
Evaluating the Evidence for Choosing WiselyTM in Primary Care Using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT).

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of evidence supporting primary care-relevant Choosing Wisely(TM) recommendations using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT). METHODS All Choosing Wisely "top 5" lists published by American medical specialty societies through June 2014 were reviewed for relevance to primary care. Both authors independently applied SORT to generate an evidence letter grade for each of the included recommendations, relying on citations supplied by the nominating organizations. RESULTS Of 310 recommendations, 224 were identified as being relevant to primary care. We rated 43 (19%) as SORT level of evidence A, 57 (25%) as B, and 124 (55%) as C. CONCLUSION We found that a majority of primary care-relevant Choosing Wisely recommendations are based on expert consensus or disease-oriented evidence. Further research is warranted to strengthen the evidence base supporting these recommendations in order to improve their acceptance and implementation into primary care.
The Use of Secondary Data in Social Entrepreneurship Research: Assessing the Field and Identifying Future Opportunities

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the current prevalence of empirical research in the field of social entrepreneurship. Further, we identify secondary datasets and explain their relative strengths and weaknesses for use by social entrepreneurship scholars. Methods The authors conducted a search of academic articles in the EBSCO and ProQuest databases mentioning social entrepreneurship, social venture(s), social enterprise(s), or social entrepreneur(s) in the title, abstract, or keywords published from 2009 to 2013. Papers were coded and analyzed based upon the nature of their methods. Findings We find that while qualitative studies are still the norm, quantitative methods are increasing, thanks to the creation of large-scale datasets and the use of analysis techniques new to the field. Three such large-scale datasets – the PSED II, GEM, and nonprofit tax collections – are discussed in depth. We find several strengths and weaknesses for each dataset, yet each provides social entrepreneurship scholars with fruitful opportunities. Value of chapter Through a deeper understanding of empirical research and sources of social entrepreneurship data, scholars may be more attracted to social entrepreneurship, better equipped to conduct high-quality research and publish in high-quality outlets. Moreover, by moving beyond case studies and small-sample research to engaging larger pools of subjects and producing more generalizable findings, social entrepreneurship scholars will have the ability to impact a much broader scope of practitioners.
Structuring transnational interests: the second-order effects of soft law in the politics of global finance

ABSTRACTInternational soft law has become a hallmark of global economic governance: networks of official and private ‘governors’ create standards, best practices and norms. Research often frames these efforts as solutions to perceived problems arising from globalization. Yet the narrow focus on the rulemaking process – coordination, distributive implications and implementation – misses second-order political repercussions. Giving special attention to the interaction between international soft law and the political landscape of business advocacy, this article offers an alternative account of the relationship between transnational rules and powerful actors. We argue that transnational informal institutions are not only sites of cooperation that resolve the economic policy concerns of the day, but are also sources of policy feedback that can transform the political landscape. To illustrate the potential empirical traction of these arguments, we examine the critical case of the Basel Committee on Banking Supe...
Abstract 1433: CDKL2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and breast cancer progression

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers mesenchymal properties on epithelial cells and has been closely associated with the acquisition of aggressive traits by epithelial cancer cells. To identify novel regulators of EMT, we carried out cDNA screens that covered 500 human kinases. Subsequent characterization of candidate kinases led us to uncover cyclin-dependent kinase-like 2 (CDKL2) as a novel potent promoter for EMT and breast cancer progression. CDKL2-expressing human mammary gland epithelial cells displayed enhanced mesenchymal traits and stem cell-like phenotypes, which was acquired through activating a ZEB1/E-cadherin/beta-catenin positive feedback loop and regulating CD44 mRNA alternative splicing to promote conversion of CD24-high cells to CD44-high cells. Furthermore, CDKL2 enhanced primary tumor formation and metastasis in a breast cancer xenograft model. Notably, CDKL2 is expressed significantly higher in mesenchymal human breast cancer cell lines than in epithelial lines, and its over-expression/amplification in human breast cancers is associated with shorter disease-free survival. Taken together, our study uncovered a major role for CDKL2 in promoting EMT and breast cancer progression. Citation Format: Linna Li, Jeffrey Chang, Guangwei Du, Robert Amato, Wenliang Li. CDKL2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1433. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1433
Compound 49b Regulates ZO-1 and Occludin Levels in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells and in Mouse Retinal Vasculature.

Purpose To investigate whether Epac1 is key to Compound 49b's regulation of zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1) and occludin levels in human retinal endothelial cells (REC) and in an Epac1 vascular-specific conditional knockout mouse retina. Methods Primary REC were grown in normal (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM). Some cells were treated with a novel β-adrenergic receptor agonist, Compound 49b. Additional dishes were treated with Epac1 siRNA or Compound 49b + Epac1 siRNA. Protein levels of ZO-1, occludin, VEGF, and protein kinase C zeta (PKCz) were measured by Western blotting. Cell permeability was measured in REC grown in normal or high glucose and treated with Compound 49b, a specific Epac 1 agonist (8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP), or VEGF. Epac1 floxed and cdh5-Cre mice were bred to generate Epac1 knockout mice in vascular endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence was done on retinal flatmounts from the floxed and Cre-Lox mice for occludin and ZO-1. Western blotting was also done for both proteins in whole retinal lysates from the mice. Results High glucose significantly reduced ZO-1 and occludin protein levels, which was associated with reduced cell adhesion. Compound 49b increased endothelial cell barrier protein levels through active Epac1. Knockout of Epac1 in vascular endothelial cells substantially reduced ZO-1 and occludin staining in retinal flatmounts, as well as protein levels. Conclusions Compound 49b increased ZO-1 and occludin protein levels, likely leading to decreased permeability.
Standard thermodynamic properties of almandine

The standard entropy and high-temperature heat capacity of synthetic almandine, FcjAUSijO^. were calculated from experimental high-T. high-P data on the equilibrium: almandine+rulile =ilmenite +sillimanite +quartz (GRAIL reaction). The calculated standard entropy ofalmandineof340.28 J/mol agrees almost exactly with the value measuredby adiabatic calorimetry. Calculated heal capacity coefficients yield entropy and heat content values in the range 600 - 1200 K, which are considerably larger than those ofthe major self-consistent datascts. However, the predicted heat content increment from 965 K(H%5 - H2<«.i5 =306.32 kJ) is in substantial agreement with a drop-calorimetry measurement of 305.52 ± 1.88 kJ. performed in 1972 in this laboratory. The standard enthalpy of formation ofalmandine was calculated from recent high-pressure experimental data on the reaction: almandine +O, =magnetite +kyanitc +quartz, buffered at hematite-magnetite oxygen fugacity, making use of the derived heat capacity coefficients ofalmandine.The resulting value ofA//°f. -5266.76 kJ/mol at 298.15 K. isclose to those ofthe self-consistent datascts. but 10 kJ less negative than that given byhigh-temperaturesolutioncalorimetry.The enthalpyof formation ofilmenite. FeTiOj, that isconsistent with the present calculations, is4 kJ more negative than given byacid solution calorimetry. but supports the revision of Anovilz etal. (1985) based on reinterpretation ofthe available measurementsofoxygen fugacity on reactions responsible for the formation of ilmenite.
Prospective series of reconstruction of complex composite mandibulectomy defects with double island free fibula flap.

Background: A double island free fibula (DIFF) flap can be used for reconstruction of through-and-through or complex mandibulectomy defects, but prospective studies are lacking. Methods: Prospective analysis of all double skin paddle fibula flaps performed from 2010 to 2016. Results: Overall, 16 patients underwent reconstruction with a DIFF flap (average age: 59.1 years). One patient, who underwent a DIFF flap and developed osteoradionecrosis, requiring a second flap. Thirteen patients were males, and 7 had a history of smoking, 13 had prior radiation, and 14 had prior chemotherapy. The most common primary pathology was squamous cell carcinoma (n = 13). Reconstruction using the DIFF was predominantly for mandible reconstruction with one patient undergoing reconstruction following a orbitomaxillectomy. Complications included infection (n = 2), hematoma (n = 1), and donor site complications were limited. Two patients developed venous congestion requiring re-exploration, and both flaps were successfully salvaged. One patient lost the external skin paddle requiring a pectoralis muscle flap, and there were no total flap losses. Conclusions: The DIFF flap is a reliable option that can reconstruct complex composite defects often obviating the need for a second free flap, thereby decreasing operating time, added donor site morbidity, and the need for additional recipient vessels.
Cowardice: A Brief History. By Chris Walsh. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. Pp. 292. $27.95.) : Book Review

This is a really interesting (brave?) effort to venture a history of a topic that is only rarely explored. The author writes well, has read widely not only in military history and war fiction but a...
Elucidating the mechanism of MgB2 initial hydrogenation via a combined experimental–theoretical study

Mg(BH4)2 is a promising solid-state hydrogen storage material, releasing 14.9 wt% hydrogen upon conversion to MgB2. Although several dehydrogenation pathways have been proposed, the hydrogenation process is less well understood. Here, we present a joint experimental-theoretical study that elucidates the key atomistic mechanisms associated with the initial stages of hydrogen uptake within MgB2. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray absorption, and X-ray emission spectroscopies are integrated with spectroscopic simulations to show that hydrogenation can initially proceed via direct conversion of MgB2 to Mg(BH4)2 complexes. The associated energy landscape is mapped by combining ab initio calculations with barriers extracted from the experimental uptake curves, from which a kinetic model is constructed. The results from the kinetic model suggest that initial hydrogenation takes place via a multi-step process: molecular H2 dissociation, likely at Mg-terminated MgB2 surfaces, is followed by migration of atomic hydrogen to defective boron sites, where the formation of stable B-H bonds ultimately leads to the direct creation of Mg(BH4)2 complexes without persistent BxHy intermediates. Implications for understanding the chemical, structural, and electronic changes upon hydrogenation of MgB2 are discussed.
Bias and Noise Cancellation for Robust Copy Number Variation Detection

High-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have created an opportunity for detecting copy number variations (CNVs) more accurately. In this work, we introduce a novel preprocessing pipeline to improve the detection accuracy of CNVs in heterogeneous NGS data such as cancer whole exome sequencing data. We employ several normalizations to reduce biases due to GC contents, mappability and tumor contamination.We also utilize the Taut String method as an efficient effective smoothing approach to reduce noise.
Origins of the Qualitative Aspects of Consciousness: Evolutionary Answers to Chalmers’ Hard Problem

According to David Chalmers, the hard problem of consciousness consists of explaining how and why qualitative experience arises from physical states. Moreover, Chalmers argues that materialist and reductive explanations of mentality are incapable of addressing the hard problem. In this chapter, I suggest that Chalmers’ hard problem can be usefully distinguished into a “how question” and “why question,” and I argue that evolutionary biology has the resources to address the question of why qualitative experience arises from brain states. From this perspective, I discuss the different kinds of evolutionary explanations (e.g., adaptationist, exaptationist, spandrel) that can explain the origins of the qualitative aspects of various conscious states. This argument is intended to clarify which parts of Chalmers’ hard problem are amenable to scientific analysis.
Restorative and Therapeutic Benefits of Yoga in Addiction Recovery

This cursory review identifies some of the current research linking Yogic Breathing and Mindfulness practices to alternative complementary approaches to addiction and rehabilitation programs
Air pollutants may be environmental risk factors in chronic rhinosinusitis disease progression.

Background Little is known about the role of environmental exposures in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study, we measured the impact of air pollutants (particulate matter 2.5 [PM2.5 ] and black carbon [BC]) on CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP). Methods Spatial modeling from pollutant monitoring sites was used to estimate exposures surrounding residences for patients meeting inclusion criteria (total patients, n = 234; CRSsNP, n = 96; CRSwNP, n = 138). Disease severity outcome measures included modified Lund-Mackay score (LMS), systemic steroids, number of functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (FESS), and 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score. PM2.5 and BC exposures were correlated with outcome measures. Results Mean PM2.5 and BC findings were not significantly different between CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients or patients with and without asthma. Among those with CRSsNP, PM2.5 was significantly associated with undergoing FESS. For each unit increase in PM2.5 , there was a 1.89-fold increased risk in the proportion of CRSsNP patients who required further surgery (p = 0.015). This association was not identified in CRSwNP patients (p = 0.445). BC was also significantly associated with SNOT-22 score in the CRSsNP group. For each 0.1-unit increase in BC, there was a 7.97-unit increase in SNOT-22 (p = 0.008). A similar, although not significant, increase in SNOT-22 was found with increasing BC in the CRSwNP group (p = 0.728). Conclusion Air pollutants correlate with CRS symptom severity that may be influenced by exposure levels, with a more pronounced impact on CRSsNP patients. This study is the first to demonstrate the possible role of inhalant pollutants in CRS phenotypes, addressing a critical knowledge gap in environmental risk factors for disease progression.
Feeding the gut after revisional bariatric surgery: The fate of 126 enteral access tubes

Abstract Background Revisional bariatric surgery (RBS) is associated with higher complication rates compared with primary bariatric surgery. Feeding tubes (FTs), including gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes placed during RBS, may serve as a safety net to provide nutrition when oral intake is contraindicated or limited; however, FTs in this setting have not been well investigated. Objectives This study aims to determine complications, use, and duration of FTs placed during RBS. Setting A high-volume academic medical center in the United States. Methods Included patients underwent RBS between January 2008 and December 2016 with FTs placed at the time of RBS. Results There were 126 patients identified (84.9% female, 76.2% Caucasian, mean age 53.4–±10.9 yr). Patients had previously undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (34.1%), vertical banded gastroplasty (27.8%), and adjustable gastric band (14.3%). Indications for RBS included correction of complication of prior bariatric surgeries (50%), weight regain/failure to lose weight (32.3%), or both (17.3%). Most FTs were placed in the excluded stomach (89.7%), and median tube size was 18 F. FTs were used for feeding in 68.2% of patients, with feeding initiated in a median of 2 days. Leakage around the tube (32.5%) and pain (26.8%) were common complaints. Significant tube-related complications included infection (9.1%), dislodgement (5.9%), reintervention (5.8%), and reoperation (2.8%); 16.7% experienced at least 1 significant complication. FTs were removed at a median of 36 days. Conclusion FTs may aid in prevention of perioperative dehydration and malnutrition after RBS, but should not be considered a benign intervention. FT use should be balanced against institutional outcomes and care goals.
Polymersomes scalably fabricated via flash nanoprecipitation are non-toxic in non-human primates and associate with leukocytes in the spleen and kidney following intravenous administration

Vesicular nanocarrier formulations confer the ability to deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos simultaneously to cells of interest in vivo. While liposomal formulations reached the clinic long ago, younger technologies such as polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) have yet to make the transition to clinical approval and use, in part due to difficulties in ensuring their safe and scalable production. In this work, we demonstrate the scalable production of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-bl-PPS) polymersomes via flash nanoprecipitation, and further show the safe administration of these nanocarriers to mice and non-human primates. In mice, PEG-bl-PPS polymersomes were found to be well tolerated at up to 200 mg/(kg·week). Following the administration of a more relevant 20 mg/(kg·week) dosage in non-human primates, polymersomes were found to associate with numerous phagocytic immune cell populations, including a remarkable 68% of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and > 95% of macrophages in the spleen, while showing no toxicity or abnormalities in the liver, kidney, spleen, or blood. Despite the presence of a dense PEG corona, neither anti-PEG antibodies nor complement activation were detected. This work provides evidence of the translatability of PEG-bl-PPS polymersomes into the clinic for therapeutic applications in humans.
The Transfer and Hankel Matrices

We begin our study of multi-variable linear systems with an analysis of the “transfer matrix” representation along the lines of the representation (7) of Chapter 1.
On the Structure of Optimal Oscillatory Trajectories for Two-Input Driftless Smooth Systems in Dimension Three

Abstract For two-input three-dimensional driftless smooth systems, we prove an alternate theorem for optimal trajectories and a bang-bang theorem with a bound on the number of switchings for optimal oscillatory trajectories, under the assumption that the two input vector fields and their Lie bracket are linearly independent at each point.
Overcoming Failures in a Distributed System

In this and the next two chapters, we will be focused on mechanisms for replicating data and computation while guaranteeing some form of consistent behavior to the end-user. For example, we might want to require that even though information has been replicated, the system behaves as if that information was not replicated and instead resides at a single place. This is an intuitively attractive model, because developers find it natural to think in terms of non-distributed systems, and it is reasonable to expect that a distributed system should be able to mimic the behavior of a non-distributed one. At the same time, though, it is not a minor undertaking to ensure that a distributed system will behave just like a non-distributed one. The technical content of the chapter centers on the components of Lamport’s widely known Paxos protocol.
Altered translational or transcriptional components of repression in argR mutants of Escherichia coli: evidence from a translation retarder.

Abstract Repression of arginine biosynthetic enzymes has translational and transcriptional components, both of which are argR -dependent and mutationally alterable. Typical argR − mutants can show residual translational and transcriptional repression, varying in degree with the argR allele and the enzyme. A mutant with narrow repression-derepression range is concluded to have impaired translational repressibility and low transcriptional derepressibility. In the presence of argR + , translational repression of acetylornithinase appears to be less effective than that of acetylornithine δ-transaminase and argininosuccinase. With tetracycline as a translation retarder, evidence is provided that translational repression involves slowing of a phase such as initiation of translation, rather than peptide chain elongation.
Cue-Elicited Craving for Cannabis Activates the Reward Neurocircuitry Associated with the Neuropathology of Addiction

Craving or the intense desire for a rewarding object or experience is an important factor in the etiology of addiction. Based on the incentive sensitization theory, addiction stems from drug-induced sensitization in dopaminergic reward structures, which attribute incentive-related salience to drug-associated cues. In this way, after repeated coupling with the drug, the cue can trigger similar primary responses in the brain’s reward neurocircuitry as the drug itself. There is growing evidence that cannabis exerts its addictive properties through effects of the endocannabinoid system on the brain reward neurocircuitry. Specifically, the ubiquitous cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors play a key role in modulating reward pathways. In the present chapter, we describe the evidence for cue-elicited craving for marijuana, and, more specifically, how in the absence of cannabis itself, cannabis-associated cues trigger activation in the reward pathway implicated in the neuropathology of addiction.
Adolescent Relationship Violence in Clinical Settings: Challenges for Identification and Intervention

Approximately one in three adolescent girls in the United States is a victim of physical, emotional, or verbal abuse from a dating partner – a figure that far exceeds victimization rates for other types of violence affecting youth. Nationwide, nearly one in ten high school students (8.9%) has been hit, slapped, or physically hurt on purpose by a boyfriend or girlfriend. The negative health consequences for adolescents and young adults include pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, substance abuse, depression, and suicidality.
Role of Aquaporin-4 in Cerebral Edema and Stroke

Cerebral edema plays a central role in the pathophysiology of many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including ischemia, trauma, tumors, inflammation, and metabolic disturbances. The formation of cerebral edema results in an increase in tissue water content and brain swelling which, if unchecked, can lead to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), reduced cerebral blood flow, and ultimately cerebral herniation and death. Despite the clinical significance of cerebral edema, the mechanism of brain water transport and edema formation remain poorly understood. As a result, current therapeutic tools for managing cerebral edema have changed little in the past 90 years. "Malignant ischemic stroke" is characterized by high mortality (80%) and represents a major clinical problem in cerebrovascular disease. Widespread ischemic injury in these patients causes progressive cerebral edema, increased ICP, and rapid clinical decline. In response to these observations, a series of recent studies have begun to target cerebral edema in the management of large ischemic strokes. During cerebral edema formation, the glial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has been show to facilitate astrocyte swelling ("cytotoxic swelling"). AQP4 has also been seen to be responsible for the reabsorption of extracellular edema fluid ("vasogenic edema"). In the present review, the role of AQP4 in the development of cerebral edema is discussed with emphasis on its contribution to ischemic edema. We also examine the potential of AQP4 as a therapeutic target in edema associated with stroke.
An Ideal Student Factor and the validity of noncognitive measures of student potential

The presence of a general factor has been found in previous research on the utilization of personality tests in selection contexts. Termed the Ideal Employee Factor (IEF), this factor is thought to represent an effort to present oneself as an ideal employee to some degree on all items in the test. Examining the responses to biodata and situational judgment items, we provide evidence for the existence of a factor similar to the IEF within the college admissions context, termed the Ideal Student Factor (ISF), but the magnitude of this factor relative to specific factors was small. Mixed support was found for the hypothesized differences in the factor loadings on the ISF for different constructs included in the model. The presence of the ISF was not found to substantially impact the validity of other predictors within this study. The overall conclusion is that this general factor would not impact the use of these biodata and situational judgment items in college admissions.
Abstract 578: β-arrestin-Biased β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Enhances Cardiomyocyte Contractility via ROCK-Dependent Signaling

During heart failure, chronically decreased cardiac output can be treated with positive inotropes, but classic inotropes such as β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonists that increase cAMP-dependent Ca...
Politeuma as a Hybrid Patriotic Identity in Christ: A Socio-Rhetorical Interpretation of Philippians 3:20:

This article argues that Paul, in Philippians 3:17–21, borrows the present honorable civic identity of the first readers, namely, patriotic merchant, to persuade them to be transformed into Christ-...
Central Venous Catheter-Related Deep Vein Thrombosis in the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Background Central venous catheter (CVC) use is common in the management of critically ill children, especially those with congenital heart disease. CVCs are known to augment the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but data on CVC-associated DVTs in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) are limited. In this study, we aim to identify the incidence of and risk factors for CVC-related DVT in this high-risk population, as its complications are highly morbid. Materials and methods The PC4 database and a radiologic imaging database were retrospectively reviewed for the demographics and outcomes of patients admitted to the Texas Children's Hospital CICU requiring CVC placement, as well as the incidence of DVT and its complications. Results Between January 2017 and December 2017, 1215 central lines were placed over 851 admissions. DVT was diagnosed in 8% of admissions with a CVC, 29% of which demonstrated thrombus in the inferior vena cava. The risk factors significantly associated with DVT included the presence of >1 line, higher total line hours, longer intubation times, and extended CICU stay. A diagnosis of low cardiac output syndrome, sepsis, central line–associated bloodstream infection, and cardiac catheterization were also significant risk factors. Interestingly, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass appeared to be protective of clot development. DVT was a highly significant risk factor for mortality in these patients. Conclusions CVC-related DVTs in critically ill children with congenital heart disease are associated with higher risks of morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for well-designed studies to determine the best preventative and treatment strategies and to establish guidelines for appropriate monitoring and follow-up of these patients.
IntelliNoC: a holistic design framework for energy-efficient and reliable on-chip communication for manycores

As technology scales, Network-on-Chips (NoCs), currently being used for on-chip communication in manycore architectures, face several problems including high network latency, excessive power consumption, and low reliability. Simultaneously addressing these problems is proving to be difficult due to the explosion of the design space and the complexity of handling many trade-offs. In this paper, we propose IntelliNoC, an intelligent NoC design framework which introduces architectural innovations and uses reinforcement learning to manage the design complexity and simultaneously optimize performance, energy-efficiency, and reliability in a holistic manner. IntelliNoC integrates three NoC architectural techniques: (1) multifunction adaptive channels (MFACs) to improve energy-efficiency; (2) adaptive error detection/correction and re-transmission control to enhance reliability; and (3) a stress-relaxing bypass feature which dynamically powers off NoC components to prevent overheating and fatigue. To handle the complex dynamic interactions induced by these techniques, we train a dynamic control policy using Q-learning, with the goal of providing improved fault-tolerance and performance while reducing power consumption and area overhead. Simulation using PARSEC benchmarks shows that our proposed IntelliNoC design improves energy-efficiency by 67% and mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) by 77%, and decreases end-to-end packet latency by 32% and area requirements by 25% over baseline NoC architecture.
Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data with Hybrid Learning for Recommender Applications

This paper proposes a sentiment analysis approach to extract sentiments of tweets based on their polarity and subjectivity, classify them and visualize results graphically. This helps to understand opinions of existing users that can be helpful in future recommendations. Our proposed approach entails a hybrid learning method for classification of tweets based on a Bayesian probabilistic method for sentence level models given partially labeled training data. For implementation, we use AWS to extract data from Twitter, store extracted data in MySQL databases and code Python scripts in order to implement the analyzer. The graphical models are viewed using IPython Notebook. The results of this work would be helpful in providing recommendations to users for product reviews, political campaigns, stock predictions, urban policy decisions etc. The novelty of this research lies mainly in the hybrid learning method for sentiment analysis. We present our approach along with its implementation, evaluation and applications.
Petrophysical constraints on magnetic anomalies associated with metamorphic reactions in northern Saskatchewan, Canada

The western Chipman domain of the east Athabasca mylonite triangle in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, displays a large positive aeromagnetic anomaly that is the result of retrograde magnetite produc...
Financial hardship among individuals with serious mental illness.

Abstract This study explored financial hardship, defined as difficulty in obtaining food, shelter, or medicine in the past 12 months and its personal and clinical correlates in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) in a sample of 271 adults with SMI newly admitted to two inner city community mental health centers. The study found that 59 percent (n = 161) reported experiencing financial hardship in the past 12 months. Patients with financial hardship were more likely to be female, to experience self-stigma, to experience medical care delays, and to use emergency services. Patients who experienced financial hardship typically had more severe psychiatric symptoms, including depressive symptoms, emotional lability, and interpersonal problems. Financial hardship persisted in nearly half of those with hardship interviewed a year later. The findings highlight the role of multiple social and economic challenges that the SMI patients face in recovery from serious mental illness and the importance of awareness of such challenges by providers treating this population. Though mental health treatment may help alleviate the psychiatric symptoms it alone is not sufficient in addressing persistent hardship. These findings highlight the need for multidisciplinary interventions in order to better serve this vulnerable population.
Job Satisfaction of Professional Librarians and Library Staff

Job satisfaction is a crucial piece of workplace behavior and productivity. This study sought to understand the levels of job satisfaction of librarians and library staff from all types of librarie...
Cost health literacy as a physician skill-set: the relationship between oncologist reported knowledge and engagement with patients on financial toxicity

Oncologists are increasingly encouraged to communicate with patients about cost; however, they may lack the cost health literacy required to effectively perform this task. We conducted a pilot survey of oncologists in an academic medical center to assess potential factors that may influence provider attitudes and practices related to financial toxicity. We assessed perceived provider knowledge of treatment costs, insurance coverage and co-pays, and financially focused resources. We then evaluated the relationship between perceived knowledge and reported engagement with issues of financial toxicity. Of 45 respondents (85% response rate), 58% had changed treatment within the past year as a result of patient financial burden. On self-report, 36% discussed out-of-pocket costs with patients, 42% assessed patient financial distress, but only 20% felt they could intervene upon financial toxicity. Self-perceived awareness of cost health literacy concepts were low; only 16% reporting high out-of-pocket cost knowledge, 31–33% high insurance knowledge, and 8% high awareness of financial resources. Report of cost discussion was associated with greater perceived awareness of both out-of-pocket costs and insurance design. However, reported financial distress assessment was only associated with perceived insurance awareness, not perceived cost knowledge. Cost health literacy was not associated with an increased sense of being able to impact on financial toxicity. Oncologists acknowledge deficits in knowledge and skills that may play a role in the discussion and management of financial toxicity. Some cost health literacy competencies appear to correlate with physician involvement with financial toxicity, suggesting that education on this topic may facilitate physician engagement.
Visual Conformity With Affirmed Gender or "Passing": Its Distribution and Association With Depression and Anxiety in a Cohort of Transgender People.

Abstract Background Visual conformity with affirmed gender (VCAG) or “passing” is thought to be an important, but poorly understood, determinant of well-being in transgender people. VCAG is a subjective measure that is different from having an inner sense of being congruent with one's gender identity. Aim We examined the frequency and determinants of VCAG and explored its association with mental health outcomes in a cohort of transgender adults. Methods The “Study of Transition, Outcomes & Gender (STRONG)” is a cohort of transgender individuals recruited from 3 Kaiser Permanente health plans located in Georgia, Northern California and Southern California. A subset of cohort members completed a survey between 2015 and 2017. VCAG was assessed as the difference between 2 scales: scale 1 reflecting the person's sense of how they are perceived by others, and scale 2 reflecting the person's desire to be perceived. Participants were considered to have achieved VCAG when their scale 1 scores were equal to or exceeded their scale 2 scores. The frequency of VCAG and their independent associations with anxiety and depression symptoms were explored using data from 620 survey respondents including 309 transwomen and 311 transmen. Based on self-described gender identity, none of the participants identified as nonbinary or gender fluid. Outcomes VCAG, depression, and anxiety. Results VCAG was achieved in 28% of transwomen and 62% of transmen and was more common in persons who reported greater sense of acceptance and pride in their gender identity as measured on the Transgender Congruence Scale. Another factor associated with greater likelihood of VCAG was receipt of gender-affirming surgery, but the association was only evident among transmen. Participants who achieved VCAG had a lower likelihood of depression and anxiety with prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.79 (0.65, 0.96) and 0.67 (0.46, 0.98), respectively. Clinical Implications VCAG may serve as an important outcome measure after gender-affirming therapy. Strengths and Limitations Strengths of this study include a well-defined sampling frame and use of a novel patient-centered outcome of interest. Cross-sectional design and uncertain generalizability of results are the limitations. Conclusion These results, once confirmed by prospective studies, may help better characterize the determinants of well-being in the transgender community, facilitating the design of interventions to improve the well-being and quality of life of this vulnerable population. To M, Zhang Q, Bradlyn A, et al. Visual Conformity With Affirmed Gender or “Passing”: Its Distribution and Association With Depression and Anxiety in a Cohort of Transgender People. J Sex Med 2020;17:2084–2092.
Adaptive Procedures for Discriminating Between Arbitrary Tensor-Product Quantum States

Discriminating between quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information theory. Given two quantum states, ρ + and ρ − , the Helstrom measurement distinguishes between them with minimal probability of error. However, finding and experimentally implementing the Helstrom measurement can be challenging for quantum states on many qubits. Due to this difficulty, there is a great interest in identifying local measurement schemes which are close to optimal. In the first part of this work, we generalize previous work by Acin et al. (Phys. Rev. A 71, 032338) and show that a locally greedy (LG) scheme using Bayesian updating can optimally distinguish between any two states that can be written as a tensor product of arbitrary pure states. We then show that the same algorithm cannot distinguish tensor products of mixed states with vanishing error probability (even in a large subsystem limit), and introduce a modified locally-greedy (MLG) scheme with strictly better performance. In the second part of this work, we compare these simple local schemes with a general dynamic programming (DP) approach. The DP approach finds the optimal series of local measurements and optimal order of subsystem measurement to distinguish between the two tensor-product states.1