cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Staff stress and treatment of clients in Alzheimer's care: A comparison of medical and non-medical day care programs

Abstract This field research in day care centers for persons with dementing illnesses identifies work-related stress for the staff, and staff-client interactions associated with work-related stress, in two day care programs which differ in their underlying program structure: one is a medical program (day health care), the other non-medical (social day care). The two day care centers are compared in regard to three dimensions of work-related stress: high demands, low control, and perceived lack of social support. The two programs also are compared in regard to staff treatment of clients. Less staff stress was found in the medical (day health care) program. However, the medical model includes typifications, props, and conversational scripts which result in lower expectations and greater infantilization of clients in the day health care program.
Modification of spontaneous mammary tumors in mice fed different sources of protein, fat and carbohydrate

The effects of different sources of dietary protein (milk, soy, wheat, fish and beef), fat (corn oil and butter), and carbohydrate (dextrin and sucrose) on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in virgin female C3H/HeJ mice were investigated. Weanling mice were randomly divided (28 mice/group) and fed ad libitum one of 14 equicaloric diets containing either 11% or 33% protein and 5% or 30% fat or a standard mouse feed for approximately 2 years. Beginning at 6 months of age, tumor incidence, non-specific deaths, individual weights and amount of food consumed were monitored. Variations in tumor incidence were most pronounced when the mice fed different sources of protein (at a high level) were compared. The mice fed the low fat diets containing either low milk protein (high carbohydrate) or high fish protein generally exhibited the lowest tumor incidence and highest percent survival. High weight gain was correlated with early tumor appearance, but not with tumor incidence later in the experiment. The mice fed a low fat diet containing low milk protein were tumor-free significantly longer than mice fed the diets containing fish or beef. The only groups with 100% tumor incidence by 120 weeks of age were those fed diets containing sucrose (table sugar) or a high fat level.
Paul Ricoeur and the re(con)figuration of the humanities in the twenty-first century

Ricoeur speaks to the unfolding ‘post-crisis’ period of the academic humanities through his dialectic between the hermeneutics of faith and suspicion, a construct that carries forward the critical impulse which academic bureaucracies want to repress in answer to their corporate masters, while at the same recognizing the value of reformist impulses that will generate strategic alignments and substantive benefits. This article identifies the tensions of the double hermeneutic, where it is successful and unsuccessful, and maps Ricoeur’s view of ethical responsibility in the academic politics of the 1960s onto the academic politics of today. The article concludes that Ricoeur’s particular value on this subject lies in the courage with which he dared to place unfashionable reformist possibilities in an honest and productive dialogue with the radical suspicion of hegemonic structures.
Effects of ageing and regular aerobic exercise on endothelial fibrinolytic capacity in humans

The capacity of the vascular endothelium locally to release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is critical for effective endogenous fibrinolysis. We determined the influence of ageing and regular aerobic exercise on the net release of t-PA across the human forearm in vivo using both cross-sectional and intervention approaches. First, we studied 62 healthy men aged 22-35 or 50-75 years of age who were either sedentary or endurance exercise-trained. Net endothelial release rates of t-PA were calculated as the product of the arteriovenous concentration gradient and forearm plasma flow to intra-arterial bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside. Second, we studied 10 older (60 ± 2 years) healthy sedentary men before and after a 3 month aerobic exercise intervention. Net endothelial t-PA release was significantly blunted with age in the sedentary men. At the highest dose of bradykinin the increase in t-PA antigen release was ≈35 % less (P < 0.05) in the older (from −1.0 ± 0.4 to 37.8 ± 3.8 ng (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1) compared with young (from 0.1 ± 0.6 to 56.6 ± 9.2 ng (100 ml tissue)−1 min−1) men. In contrast, the endurance-trained men did not demonstrate an age-related decline in the net release of t-PA antigen. After the exercise intervention, the capacity of the endothelium to release t-PA increased ≈55 % (P < 0.05) to levels similar to those of the young adults and older endurance-trained men. Regulated endothelial t-PA release declines with age in sedentary men. Regular aerobic exercise may not only prevent, but could also reverse the age-related loss in endothelial fibrinolytic function.
The gonadotropin-suppressive activity of androgen is increased in elderly men

The influence of aging on the responsiveness to sex steroid hormones in men was studied by comparing circulating gonadotropin concentrations, pulsatile LH release, and sex hormone-binding globulin (TeBG) levels. This was done before and during a four-day continuous infusion of testosterone (T) (7.5 mg/d), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (7.0 mg/d), or estradiol (E2) (45 micrograms/d) in young adult men, ages 18 to 32, and healthy elderly men, ages 65 to 80. DHT reduced mean serum LH and FSH levels as well as the frequency of spontaneous LH secretory episodes to a greater extent (p less than 0.05) in old men than in young men. T administration also reduced serum LH levels more in aged than in young men (P less than 0.05); however, this difference was less pronounced than for DHT. During T infusion, the decrease in serum FSH levels was similar in the two groups. Spontaneous LH pulse amplitude also declined during both T and DHT infusion in aged, but not in young men. By contrast, infusion of E2 reduced both serum LH and FSH levels comparably in aged and young men. DHT infusion also reduced serum TeBG levels equally in old and young men. Finally, each steroid infusion produced comparable mean circulating levels of T, DHT, and E2 in both groups. These data indicate that elderly men are more responsive than are young men to the gonadotropin-suppressive effects of androgen, but not to DHT effects on circulating TeBG levels. The more pronounced deceleration of spontaneous LH secretory episodes during DHT infusion in aged men provides evidence for an alteration in hypothalamic function in male senescence.
Endocannabinoids in the intact retina : 3H-anandamide uptake, fatty acid amide hydrolase immunoreactivity and hydrolysis of anandamide

There is much evidence for an endocannabinoid system in the retina. However, neither the distribution of endocannabinoid uptake, the regulation of endocannabinoid levels, nor the role of endocannabinoid metabolism have been investigated in the retina. Here we focused on one endocannabinoid, anandamide (AEA), and its major hydrolyzing enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in the goldfish retina. Immunoblots of FAAH immunoreactivity (IR) in goldfish retina, brain and rat retina, and brain homogenates showed a single band at 61 kDa that was blocked by preadsorption with peptide antigen. Specific FAAH IR (blocked by preadsorption) was most prominent over Muller cells and cone inner segments. Weaker label was observed over some amacrine cells, rare cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer, and in four lamina in the inner plexiform layer. FAAH activity assays showed that goldfish-retinal and brain homogenates hydrolyzed AEA at rates comparable to rat brain homogenate, and the hydrolysis was inhibited by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP) and N-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-arachidonamide (AM404), with IC(50)s of 21 nM and 1.5 microM, respectively. Cellular 3H-AEA uptake in the intact retina was determined by in vitro autoradiography. Silver-grain accumulation at 20 degrees C was most prominent over cone photoreceptors and Muller cells. Uptake was significantly reduced when retinas were incubated at 4 degrees C, or preincubated with 100 nM MAFP or 10 microM AM404. There was no differential effect of blocking conditions on the distribution of silver grains over cones or Muller cells. The codistribution of FAAH IR and 3H-AEA uptake in cones and Muller cells suggests that the bulk clearance of AEA in the retina occurs as a consequence of a concentration gradient created by FAAH activity. We conclude that endocannabinoids are present in the goldfish retina and underlay the electrophysiological effects of cannabinoid ligands previously shown on goldfish cones and bipolar cells.
On uncertainty bounds and growth estimates for fractional fourier transforms

Gelfand–Shilov spaces are spaces of entire functions defined in terms of a rate of growth in one direction and a concomitant rate of decay in an orthogonal direction. Gelfand and Shilov proved that the Fourier transform is an isomorphism among certain of these spaces. In this article we consider mapping properties of fractional Fourier transforms on Gelfand–Shilov spaces. Just as the Fourier transform corresponds to rotation through a right angle in the phase plane, fractional Fourier transforms correspond to rotations through intermediate angles. Therefore, the aim of fractional Fourier estimates is to set up a correspondence between growth properties in the complex plane versus decay properties in phase space.
Millimeter-Wave Six-Ports

This paper reviews the current status of automated multipart network analyzer (ANA) systems as used in the measurement of microwave parameters such as reflection coefficient, generalized scattering (S) parameters, and power. Multipart (typically at least a six-port) network analyzers have particular advantages at millimeter-wave frequencies because they do not require complex detection circuitry at the reflectometer sidearms. This also eliminates the need for the frequency down conversion usually required in most commercially available analyzers based on the four-port reflectometer.
A Hybrid Experimental/Numerical Investigation of the Response of Multilayered MEMS Devices to Dynamic Loading

In order to probe the mechanical response of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) subjected to dynamic loading, a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar was used to load MEMS devices at accelerations ranging from 103–105 g. Multilayer beams consisting of a PZT film sandwiched between two metal electrodes atop an elastic layer of silicon dioxide were studied because of their relevance to active MEMS devices. Experiments were conducted using the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar to quantify the effects of dynamic loading amplitude, duration, and temporal profile on the failure of the multilayered cantilever beams. Companion finite element simulations of these beams, informed by experimental measurements, were conducted to shed light into the deformation of the multilayered beams. Results of the numerical simulations were then coupled with independent experimental measurements of failure stress in order to predict the material layer at which failure initiation occurred, and the associated time to failure. High-speed imaging was also used to capture the first real-time images of MEMS structures responding to dynamic loading and successfully compare the recorded failure event with those predicted numerically.
Management Education in Europe

The article discusses some of the changes occurring in European business schools. The article defines the difference in the nature of business in Europe, which is tied closely to and influenced by ...
Reproductive biology and ecology of white-winged trumpeters (Psophia leucoptera) and recommendations for the breeding of captive trumpeters.

The reproductive biology and ecology of a wild population of white-winged trumpeters (Psophia leucoptera) were studied in southeastern Peru from 1983 to 1987. Because little information is available about any of the trumpeter species and because trumpeters have proven difficult to breed in captivity, information relevant to breeding and management of captive trumpeters is reported in this paper. White-winged trumpeters lived in territorial social groups that ranged in size from four to 13 individuals. A typical territorial group contained three adult males, two adult females, and several sexually immature offspring, but smaller temporary groups sometimes formed for the duration of the breeding season. Only the dominant female contributed eggs to the clutch, and all adult males in the group competed to obtain copulations with her. Eggs were laid in elevated nesting cavities and no nest was constructed. The average clutch size was three eggs and incubation was not begun until the final egg was laid. The dominant male and female shared most of the incubation duties, but subordinate males covered approximately 15% of the incubation shifts. Eggs hatched approximately 27 days after incubation was begun and chicks left the nesting cavity the day after they hatched. Chicks were completely dependent on older birds to feed them for their first 3 weeks and then gradually began to feed themselves more and more food. The subordinate adult males fed chicks the most food, the dominant male and female and older offspring fed chicks an intermediate amount, and the subordinate adult female fed chicks the least. Young chicks behaved aggressively toward each other but were separated by adults before they injured each other. If at least one chick from the clutch survived, trumpeters did not breed again until the beginning of the next breeding season the following year. Zoo Biol 19:65–84, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Long-term outcome in mixed connective tissue disease: Longitudinal clinical and serologic findings

Objective To determine the long-term clinical and immunologic outcomes in a well-characterized cohort of 47 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), including reactivity with U small nuclear RNP (snRNP) polypeptides. Methods Patients were followed up over a period of 3–29 years with immunogenetic and systematic clinical and serologic analysis. Sera were analyzed for reactivity with snRNP polypeptides U1–70 kd, A, C, B/B′, and D, for anti–U1 RNA, and for anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). Results The typical core clinical features of MCTD tended to develop over time; features of inflammation as well as Raynaud's phenomenon and esophageal hypomotility diminished, while pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary dysfunction, and central nervous system disease persisted, following treatment. A favorable outcome was observed in 62% of patients; 38% had continued active disease or had died, with death associated with pulmonary hypertension and aCL. All patients had autoantibodies to the U1–70 kd polypeptide of snRNP, and most were positive for anti–U1 RNA. An orderly progression of intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, as was the novel finding of “epitope contraction” followed by disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged remission. Conclusion These patients demonstrated the typical immunogenetic, clinical, and serologic findings of MCTD, and the condition rarely evolved into systemic lupus erythematosus or systemic sclerosis. The majority of patients had favorable outcomes, with pulmonary hypertension being the most frequent disease-associated cause of death. Intramolecular spreading of autoantibody reactivity against snRNP polypeptides was observed, followed by “epitope contraction” and ultimate disappearance of anti-snRNP autoantibodies during prolonged disease remission.
Decreased lung function and exercise capacity in Fontan patients. A long-term follow-up.

Objective --The haemodynamic situation for patients with Fontan circulation is characterized by a reduced, non-pulsatile pulmonary blood flow. To evaluate if this has any impact on lung function an...
Washington and Baltimore Art Deco

Richard Striner and Melissa Blair Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014243 pages, black-and-white illustrations$49.95 (hardcover)Washington and Baltimore Art Deco by Richard Striner and Melinda Blai...
Negation and its impact on the accessibility of text information

Prior experiments have shown that sentences such as (1) Mary bakes bread but no cookies lead to a reduced accessibility of the concept mentioned in the negated phrase, whereas sentences such as (2) Elizabeth burns the letters but not the photographs do not. In the present article, two explanations for this result are investigated. According to situation model theory (Johnson-Laird, 1983; van Dijk & Kintsch, 1983), the reason is that the entity mentioned within the negated phrase in (2) is not absent from the described situation. According to discourse representation theory (Kamp, 1981), in contrast, the negation operator in (2) does not reduce the accessibility of the negated concept, because the corresponding discourse referent is not introduced but merely referred to within the operator's scope. In two experiments, participants were presented with narrative texts including negation sentences that either introduced or referred to entities, and that either described a situation in which only the nonnegated or only the negated entity was present. The accessibility of the relevant concepts was measured by means of a probe recognition task. The results support the situation models explanation.
The Effect of a 2-Hour Increase in Photoperiod at 18 Weeks of Age on Broiler Breeder Performance

Abstract The effects of an increase in photoperiod from 8 to 10 h at 18 wk of age on broiler-breeder performance was examined in two experiments. A control group received an 8 h photoperiod at 20 wk of age in each experiment. The rearing photoperiod of 8 h was supplied by a mixture of daylight and supplemental incandescent light in Experiment 1 and by incandescent light only in Experiment 2. Males and females were treated alike. The birds received a 14 to 16 h photoperiod supplied by a mixture of daylight and incandescent light after 20 wk of age. An increased photoperiod of 10h from 18 to 20 wk of age significantly increased fertility on a cumulative basis in both experiments when compared with the 8-h control group. The effect was more pronounced in Experiment 2 where incandescent light was used for rearing. Additionally, male livability was significantly better for the increased photoperiod (10 h) group in Experiment 2. No other significant effects were evident. Broiler-breeder males may be photostimulated to mature and exhibit increased fertility without adversely affecting female reproductive performance when grown in the same light environment as the females. This is possible because the broiler-breeder male appears to possess a lower threshold for photostimulation when compared with the female. These data provide a management system to improve broiler-breeder fertility.
The enhancement of solar wind fluctuations at the proton thermal gyroradius

Average power spectra of solar wind fluctuations at frequencies up to 0.87 Hz are calculated from Ogo 5 measurements of positive ion flux. Although the general spectral trend follows the power law spectrum observed at lower frequencies, a small but statistically significant power enhancement is observed at the frequency v/2(pi)R, where v is the solar wind velocity and R is the gyroradius of proton thermal motions in the solar wind. The measured power spectrum is in rough agreement with that deduced from radio scintillation observations.
IL-1 and atherosclerosis: a murine twist to an evolving human story

Inflammation is a critical component of atherosclerosis. IL-1 is a classic proinflammatory cytokine that has been linked to atherosclerosis. A clinical trial has been launched in which an antibody specific for IL-1β is being studied for its effects on cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerosis. In this issue of the JCI, Alexander et al. report that mice lacking the receptor for IL-1 unexpectedly have features of advanced atherosclerosis that suggest the atherosclerotic plaques may be less stable. These findings illustrate the complexity of inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and suggest the need for careful calibration of antiinflammatory approaches to atherosclerosis.
Light scattering model for the determination of fiber location in silicone coatings.

A ray trace model is developed which describes the intensity and phase characteristics of a forward-scattered pattern generated by transversely illuminating a silicone-coated fused-silica fiber with a laser beam. The dominant characteristic of this pattern is a region of interference fringes which result from the interference of rays traveling through the fibers and the coating and rays traveling through the coating only. The location of the fringe region and the fringe period depends on fiber and coating parameters and the fiber eccentricity within the coating. The parameter sensitivities are examined, and the model results compared to experimentally measured characteristics of the light scattering pattern.
The adsorption of hydrocarbons on platinum studied by low‐energy electron diffraction intensities. The ordered (2×2) overlayers of acetylene and ethylene on the (111) crystal face of platinum

The intensities of the low‐energy electron diffraction beams back‐scattered from the ordered (2×2) overlayers of acetylene and ethylene on the platinum (111) crystal face are measured by a photographic technique. The intensities are presented in an appendix in the form of normalized diffraction beam intensity versus incident electron energy (I‐V curves). Acetylene spontaneously forms the ordered (2×2) adsorbate on platinum at 300 K and low exposure under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The intensity profiles reveal that this structure is metastable; and upon heating to 350–400 K for 1 hr it undergoes a transformation to a stable structure with the same (2×2) unit cell size. The acetylene transformation is thought to involve a strengthening of the carbon–platinum bond accompanied by an expansion of the carbon–carbon bond length. Ethylene adsorbes on the platinum (111) surface and with electron beam exposure forms an ordered (2×2) surface structure that is identical to the stable acetylene structure as shown b...
Turnover of serum cholesterol esters in the baboon.

Abstract Evidence has accumulated in recent years which suggests that subtle differences may exist between the fractional turnover rates of the major classes of serum cholesterol esters. This subject has been reviewed recently by Goodman (1). Both Goodman (1,2) and Nester et al. (3) showed that, in the human, the fractional turnover rate of the cholesterol esters as a group was higher in the serum high-density lipoproteins than in the serum low-density lipoproteins. However, within each class of lipoprotein, a homogeneous turnover of all cholesterol esters was observed. On the other hand, Gidez et al. (4) have recently reported that, in the rat, the fractional turnover rate of each cholesterol ester class is heterogeneous both within and between the serum α- and β-lipoproteins. In recent years, there has been an increase in the use of primates, including the baboon, for experimental atherosclerosis research. In the course of our studies on cholesterol transport and metabolism in the baboon, we became interested in determining the degree of homogeneity in the turn-over of the different serum cholesterol ester classes and in comparing our results with similar studies obtained from other species and with humans. Toward this end, we undertook a study of the pattern of labeling of serum cholesterol esters at early sampling times (0 – 30 hr) after the administration of labeled substrates.
Detection of deoxyribonucleosides on paper chromatograms.

THE paper chromatography of deoxyribonucleosides has been described by several workers1–5. The compounds can be located on the chromatogram by examination under ultra-violet light1,6,7, by a microbiological method2,3,5 or by means of the Feulgen or Dische reactions4. A colour reaction between deoxyribonucleic acid and cysteine in sulphuric acid has been reported by Dische8,9. This has now been applied to the detection of deoxyribonucleosides on paper chromatograms. While all the deoxyribosides, as well as deoxyribose itself, give the reaction, neither ribose nor the ribonucleosides can be detected by this method.
Transient wave propagation of isotropic plates using a higher-order plate theory

Abstract Transient wave propagation of isotropic thin plates using a higher-order plate theory is presented in this paper. The aim of this investigation is to assess the applicability of the higher-order plate theory in describing wave behavior of isotropic plates at higher frequencies. Both extensional and flexural waves are considered. A complete discussion of dispersion of isotropic plates is first investigated. All the wave modes and wave behavior for each mode in the low and high-frequency ranges are provided in detail. Using the dispersion relation and integral transforms, exact integral solutions for an isotropic plate subjected to pure impulse load and a number of wave excitations based on the higher-order theory are obtained and asymptotic solutions which highlight the physics of waves are also presented. The axisymmetric three-dimensional analytical solutions of linear wave equations are also presented for comparison. Results show that the higher-order theory can predict the wave behavior closely with exact linear wave solutions at higher frequencies.
The economics of shopping mall security

Shopping malls form important links in the logistics supply chain. They have also been regular targets for terrorist attacks, especially assaults with bombs, outside of the USA, including attacks in the UK, Spain, and Russia, and there is concern that they may be future targets within the USA. To be commercially attractive, shopping centers have had to inherently ‘open’ areas with wide ranging access for retailers and shoppers and have been provided with copious car parking capacity. Their potential vulnerability is thus high. As in many areas involving security, however, the amount of economic analysis, even at the most basic level, of the issues involved in countering terrorist threats to shopping malls is very limited. This paper sets out a broad economic model indicating the nature of the challenges imposed on those trying to protect shopping malls from terrorist attack. It offers some indication of the quantitative scale of both the potential damage that a series of attacks could impose on society and the costs of initiating security measures. While the USA is the primary subject of analysis, the paper also ranges over the situation in several other countries where this is germane to the argument.
Mixing of symmetry coordinates in methyl cyanide and methyl isocyanide

Abstract A large change in the contribution of different symmetry coordinates to normal coordinates can cause some frequencies to increase when deuterium is substituted in certain molecules. This point is discussed and applied to the assignments of methyl- d 3 cyanide, methyl- d 3 isocyanide and deuterated methyl acetylenes.
Dental care satisfaction: the reliability and validity of the DSQ in a low-income population.

Objectives: Studies examining satisfaction with dental health care among the poor are quite rare. This study was done to confirm the internal structure and reliability of the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire (DSQ), a measure of dental care satisfaction, among a low-income population, and provide normative data regarding dental satisfaction among low-income people. Methods: Subjects were 895 mothers of school-aged children who were administered the DSQ as part of a larger study of dental utilization and dental fears in Seattle. Results: Factor analysis largely confirmed the factor structure of the DSQ. Results also suggested subjects in this sample were less satisfied with pain management than nonpoor people. Self-reported dental health and dental appearance were associated with satisfaction with pain management, quality of care, access to care, and overall satisfaction. Race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, nation of origin, and type of insurance predicted differences in satisfaction with pain management and access. Conclusions: Barriers to dental care and quality of care among low-income populations are discussed. Uses and research with the DSQ are suggested.
Deuterium heterogeneity in starch and cellulose nitrate of cam and C3 plants

Abstract Starch and cellulose were extracted and nitrated from well illuminated photosynthetic tissues of seven C 3 species and nine CAM species. Results show that (i) δD values of cellulose nitrate from CAM species are on average 73%ο higher than cellulose nitrate of C 3 plants; (ii) δD values of nitrated cellulose from C 3 and CAM species are significantly higher than their respective nitrated starch and (iii) the lower the δD value of starch the higher the difference between δD of nitrated cellulose and starch, with CAM plants showing a greater enrichment. These results confirm the model that deuterium enrichment occurs during carbohydrate metabolism in the cytoplasm, and are consistent with the hypothesis that deuterium enrichment of the cytoplasmic carbohydrate pool occurs to a greater extent in CAM plants.
Multirate interacting multiple model (MRIMM) filtering with out-of-sequence GMTI data

A multirate approach is developed for incorporating an out-of-sequence (OOS) measurement into a current estimate. There are two major steps in OOS filtering: retrospection from current time to OOS time and updating the current estimate with the OOS measurement, which imposes a high computation and memory burden on implementing OOS filtering. The multirate approach provides an excellent framework for efficient information retrospection and forward updating. A multirate interacting multiple model (MRIMM) filter is developed to track a target with or without manoeuvring behaviour in an environment of out-of-sequence measurement reporting.
Optical properties of nanoscopic gold particles adsorbed at electrode surfaces: the effect of applied potential on plasmon resonance absorption.

Abstract We have examined the UV/Visible spectra of nanoscopic gold particles adsorbed on antimony-doped tin oxide transparent electrodes in contact with aqueous electrolytes of varying type and concentration. For the four electrolytes KPF 6 , NaClO 4 , KCl, and KBr, we observe a positive shift in the Au-particle plasmon resonance absorption maximum λ max as the electrode potential is increased to more positive values. The degree of the potential-induced shift depends on the electrolyte type and concentration, and on the size of the Au particles. For all electrolytes, the shift in peak absorption is largest for smallest Au particles (Δλ max /ΔE ≈ 40 nm/V). At constant particle size, the potential-induced shift is largest in the presence of Cl − and Br − and smallest in the presence of PF 6 − and ClO 4 − . We discuss these results in the context of models which consider: 1) electrode potential effects on free electron concentration (Drude Theory); and 2) anion adsorption processes which affect the plasmon resonance condition via changes in the Au surface layer refractive index.
Human Ca2+ Receptor Extracellular Domain ANALYSIS OF FUNCTION OF LOBE I LOOP DELETION MUTANTS

The G protein-coupled Ca(2+) receptor (CaR) possesses an approximately 600-residue extracellular domain involved in ligand binding and receptor activation. Based on an alignment of the amino acid sequence of the CaR with that of bacterial periplasmic-binding proteins, the first approximately 530 residues of the extracellular domain are believed to form a domain resembling a bilobed Venus's flytrap (VFT). Four insertions in the CaR sequence that do not align with those of bacterial periplasmic-binding proteins correspond to four loops within lobe I of the VFT. We constructed a series of deletion mutants of these four loops and tested their ability to form fully processed CaR as well as their ability to be activated by Ca(2+). As many as 21 residues (365) of loop III could be deleted without impairing receptor expression or activation. Deletion of portions of either loops I (50) or IV (438) did not impair receptor expression but significantly reduced Ca(2+) activation. Deletion of the entire loop II (117) abolished receptor expression and function, but the replacement of even a single residue within this deletion mutant led to expression of a monomeric form of the receptor showing increased Ca(2+) sensitivity but reduced maximal activation. Our results reveal that certain residues within loops I and IV are dispensable in formation of the VFT domain but are critical for Ca(2+) activation of the receptor. In contrast, the residues in loop II are critical for maintaining the inactive state of the CaR. We discuss these results in light of the recently defined crystal structure of the homologous domain of the type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor.
Faunal Isolation Near Primary Strandlines: ABSTRACT

Faunal isolation near primary strandlines has been studied quantitatively in Miocene, Pleistocene, and Recent sedimentary units in the Carolinas and Georgia. The contact between sediments deposited in marine and continental environments is sharp in most areas. The marine sequence consists of a basal transgressive sand dipping abruptly from the contact zone and flattening seaward, about 45 ft below the interpreted maximum mean sea level. The contained megafauna consists of (1) taxa living within the sea during the transgression; (2) taxa living within landward estuaries and swamps being eroded during the transgression; and (3) taxa derived from previous stratigraphic units. At the base of the sand, (1), (2), and (3) are present, (2) and (3) comprising most of the paleobiot l assemblage. A few feet above the unconformity, (2) and (3) comprise less than 5 percent of the assemblage, but a few forms are in place. Littoral and sublittoral sand-silt gradationally overlies the basal transgressive sand seaward and upward. Microfaunal content rises from less than 1 percent (by weight) in the basal sand to 3-5 percent in the overlying sand-silt. The species consist almost entirely of calcareous shallow-marine Foraminifera. Few pelagic forms are present. Faunal preservation progressively becomes better, and exogenic forms are rare. Overlying the sand-silt facies is bar and barrier island, generally unfossiliferous sand. Intervening areas, isolated from the open ocean, accumulate silt-clay. The fauna consists of less than 0.5 percent shallow-marine Foraminifera, abundant oyster species, End_Page 522------------------------------ and marine and shoreline grasses. The assemblages are controlled by tidal drainage. Landward from the primary strandlines, inundated river valleys contain few fossils either in bed-load or floodplain deposits. Major valleys near the primary strandlines contain extensive fresh-water swamps, bearing grasses, shrubs, and herbs characteristic of Recent marsh environments together with vertebrate bones and teeth. Estuarine environments as reflected by oysters, and mixed marine and fresh-water assemblages are of minor aerial extent, and usually are buried by sediments deposited in a deltaic environment. Considering Miocene and Pleistocene sequences up to 20 mi seaward of the primary strandline, only about 10 percent of their associated rock units were formed in continental environments. Bedload and floodplain environments are represented by less than 1 percent. Estuarine environments comprise 3-5 percent and deltaic environments about 5-7 percent. Approximately 90 percent of the associated rock units were formed in marine environments of which 20-25 percent is basal transgressive sand, 15-20 percent littoral-sublittoral sand-silt, and 45-55 percent barrier island and marsh. Considering the Recent, the continental shelf is floored by a basal transgressive sand; little sand-silt and few barrier-island-marsh sequences are present. End_of_Article - Last_Page 523------------
Calculation of cyclic voltammetric responses for the reduction of substrates by an inner-sphere mechanism at electrode surfaces with single monolayers of catalysts

Cyclic voltammetric responses are calculated for the reduction of a substrate at an electrode coated with a monolayer of catalyst with which the substrate must form a complex in order to be reduced. The effects of variations in the equilibrium constant for the formation of the catalyst-substrate complex, in the rate constant for its electroreduction and in the relative formal potentials of the catalyst and catalyst-substrate complex couples were evaluated. In every case the catalytic component of the total currents can be obtained by simple subtraction of the catalyst response measured in the absence of substrate. The peak potentials of the catalytic responses are usually more negative than the formal potential of the catalyst in the coatings. Both of these features differ from the behavior expected for the case where the substrate is reduced via outer-sphere electron-transfer to the catalyst coating [3]. The situations in which the voltammetric responses may be used to discriminate between these two mechanisms are discussed.
Different complexes are formed on the 3' end of histone mRNA with nuclear and polyribosomal proteins.

Abstract Specific protein-RNA complexes are formed by incubating a synthetic histone mRNA 3' end (a 30 nucleotide stem-loop structure) RNA with extracts of either nuclei or polyribosomes. The complex formed between the stem-loop and nuclear proteins has a lower electrophoretic mobility than the complex formed between the stem-loop and polyribosomal proteins. Binding of the synthetic 3' end by both polyribosomal and nuclear proteins is abolished when two of the conserved uridine residues in the loop are replaced with adenosines. UV crosslinking of the protein complexes to the synthetic RNA resulted in transferring radiolabel to similar sized proteins, 50 kD, in both the nuclear and polyribosomal extracts.
Splenic Granulomas in Crohn Disease

Granulomas have been described in a wide variety of organs in patients with Crohn disease, but not in spleen. This report describes a patient with noncaseating granulomas of the liver and spleen that responded promptly and fully to glucocorticoid therapy.
MEMS development for astronomical instrumentation at the Lick Observatory Laboratory for Adaptive Optics

The Lick Observatory has been a pioneer in the development of innovative technology for astronomy particularly the development of adaptive optics and laser guidestar systems. The UCO/Lick Observatory Laboratory for Adaptive Optics (LAO) is actively pursuing development of new device technologies and techniques that will enable the next generation of adaptive optics systems for astronomy. The LAO has been developing, in coordination with industry, MEMS deformable mirrors for high speed high precision wavefront control. In this paper we will present the status of the development process and the goals for the future.
Malpositioned endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt causing trigeminal neuralgia: Case report

A case is presented of a 64-year-old female with a fifteen year history of right facial pain. The last nine years the facial pain is described as an intense, stabbing pain in the maxillary division of the right trigeminal nerve. The patient had Meniere's Disease for which an endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt was placed fifteen years prior. The patient underwent intensive medical and several surgical therapies for pain. Some of the procedures were initially successful but none provided lasting relief. Because of severe recurrent right facial pain, the patient underwent a right open partial rhizotomy of the trigeminal nerve via a retrosigmoid approach. Intraoperative findings included the end of the endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt in association with the trigeminal nerve roots. The end of the shunt was removed at the time of surgery. Postoperatively the patient has been pain free for thirty months. It is proposed a malpositioned or migrated endolymphatic subarachnoid shunt may be a cause of trigeminal neuralgia.
Aortic lipids at different stages of canine experimental arteriosclerosis

Abstract Dogs were fed an arteriosclerosis-inducing diet which contained 16% hydrogenated coconut oil and 5% cholesterol, the same diet without cholesterol supplement, or meat-chow. The last diet group did not develop arteriosclerosis and was regarded as control. All animals showed severe arteriosclerotic lesions after 12–16 months on cholesterol supplement diet and after 4 months all showed ultrastructural changes in medial smooth muscle cells. Fatty acid patterns changed in all lipid fractions of intima-media of dogs on the supplemented diet, whereas in terms of fatty acid concentration, only triglyceride changed. All lipids showed their greatest increase in severely arteriosclerotic arteries of long-term dogs. Cholesteryl esters increased relatively more than other lipid fractions. Cholesteryl oleate increased most. Comparison of effects of short- and long-term feeding of cholesterol-supplemented diet indicates that some lipid changes in aortic intimamedia cannot be fully explained by simple filtration from plasma. Selective uptake, synthesis, degradation, or removal of lipids took place in situ. Changes in composition of lipids in the arterial wall, observed in this study, may alter arterial permeability, its enzymatic activity, or both. Greater deposition of plasma lipids probably then takes place at a later stage of arteriosclerotic involvement.
Long-term impairment of anterograde axonal transport along fiber projections originating in the rostral raphe nuclei after treatment with fenfluramine or methylenedioxymethamphetamine.

To further evaluate the serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxic potential of substituted amphetamines, we used tritiated proline to examine anterograde transport along ascending axonal projections originating in the rostral raphe nuclei of animals treated 3 weeks previously with (±)fenfluramine (FEN, 10 mg/kg, every 2 h × 4 injections; i.p.) or (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 20 mg/kg, twice daily for 4 days; s.c.). The documented 5-HT neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, 75 μg; ICV; 30 min after pretreatment with pargyline, 50 mg/kg; i.p., and desipramine 25 mg/kg; i.p.), served as a positive control. Along with anterograde axonal transport, we measured two 5-HT axonal markers, 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Prior treatment with FEN or MDMA led to marked reductions in anterograde transport of labeled material to various forebrain regions known to receive 5-HT innervation. These reductions were associated with lasting decrements in 5-HT axonal markers. In general, decreases in axonal transport were less pronounced than those in 5-HT and 5-HIAA. However, identical changes were observed after 5,7-DHT. These results further indicate that FEN and MDMA, like 5,7-DHT, are 5-HT neurotoxins. Synapse 40:113–121, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dynamic cache clustering for chip multiprocessors

This paper proposes DCC (Dynamic Cache Clustering), a novel distributed cache management scheme for large-scale chip multiprocessors. Using DCC, a per-core cache cluster is comprised of a number of L2 cache banks and cache clusters are constructed, expanded, and contracted dynamically to match each core's cache demand. The basic trade-offs of varying the on-chip cache clusters are average L2 access latency and L2 miss rate. DCC uniquely and efficiently optimizes both metrics and continuously tracks a near-optimal cache organization from many possible configurations. Simulation results using a full-system simulator demonstrate that DCC outperforms alternative L2 cache designs.
Androgen-producing steroid cell ovarian tumor in a young woman and subsequent spontaneous pregnancy.

Purpose To describe the presentation and fertility sparing treatment of a young woman found to have a steroid cell tumor not otherwise specified (NOS) and her spontaneous pregnancy and delivery shortly after surgery.
Drosophila nerve cord culture : a tool for studying neural development

The culture of explanted neural tissues has been a useful tool for the study of cellular and molecular neurobiology in vertebrates. We have developed a technique for the culture of explanted ventral nerve cords from Drosophila embryos. We have examined the morphology and dynamic behaviour of the growth cones that extend from these nerve cords, and the effect of calcium deprivation on the bundling of axons that are regenerated from the explanted tissue. This technique offers a unique opportunity to combine in vitro techniques for neuronal cell culture with the powerful techniques of genetic analysis that are available with Drosophila.
Mechanism of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione-induced nephrotoxicity.

Abstract S -(1,2-rmDichlorovinyl)glutathione and S-(1,2- dichlorovinyl)- dl -cysteine are potent nephrotoxins. Agents that inhibit γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, cysteine conjugate β-lyase, and renal organic anion transport systems, namely l -(αS,5S)-α'- amino -3- chloro -4,5- dinydro -5- isoxazoleacetic acid (AT-125), aminooxyacetic acid, and probenecid, respectively, protected against S -conjugate-induced nephrotoxicity. Furthermore, S-(1,2- dichlorovinyl)- dl -α- methylcysteine , which cannot be cleaved by cysteine conjugate β-lyase, was not nephrotoxic. These results strongly support a role for renal γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, cysteine conjugate β-lyase, and organic anion transport systems in S -(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione- and S -(1,2,-dichlorovinyl)cysteine-induced nephrotoxicity.
On Symplectic Caps

An important class of contact 3-manifolds comprises those that arise as links of rational surface singularities with reduced fundamental cycle. We explicitly describe symplectic caps (concave fillings) of such contact 3-manifolds. As an application, we present a new obstruction for such singularities to admit rational homology disk smoothings.
Mapping the landscape of sustainable HCI

With the recent growth in sustainable HCI, now is a good time to map out the approaches being taken and the intellectual commitments that underlie the area, to allow for community discussion about where the field should go. Here, we provide an empirical analysis of how sustainable HCI is defining itself as a research field. Based on a corpus of published works, we identify (1) established genres in the area, (2) key unrecognized intellectual differences, and (3) emerging issues, including urgent avenues for further exploration, opportunities for interdisciplinary engagement, and key topics for debate.
Deciphering professional codes of ethics

The author focuses chiefly on the Code of Professional Standards for the Practice of Public Relations, analyzing two specific aspects of this or any professional code: implicit and explicit attitudes toward the public and toward the truth. He argues that professionals confronted by ethical dilemmas in these areas should be able to, but usually cannot, find clear direction in the official code. He suggests that to function truly as a legitimizing document, the code must be expository, analytical, and evaluational, constructed according to six recommendations offered. >
An all-digital built-in self-test for high-speed phase-locked loops

We propose a new structural testing of phase-locked loops (PLLs) using charge-based frequency measurement BIST (CF-BIST) technique. The technique uses the existing charge-pump as the stimulus generator and the VCO/divide-by-N as the measuring device to reduce the area overhead. This approach performs simple dc-like charge injection tests, thus, it is suitable for high-speed PLL applications. Fault simulation results show higher fault coverage than a previous test method with less die area. As no test stimulus is required and the test output is pure digital, low-cost and practical implementation of on-chip BIST structure for a PLL is possible.