cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning Bayesian Networks under Equivalence Constraints (Abstract)

We propose here an approach for learning parameters in Bayesian networks from incomplete datasets that are subject to equivalence constraints. These equivalence constraints arise from datasets where examples are tied together, in that we may not know the value of a particular variable, but whatever that value is, we know it must be the same across different examples. We formalize the problem by defining the notion of a constrained dataset — a dataset with equivalence constraints — and a corresponding constrained likelihood that we seek to optimize. We derive an EM algorithm to estimate parameters from constrained datasets, which reduces to the vanilla EM algorithm when estimating parameters from traditional datasets. Finally, we evaluate our general approach in clustering problems from semi-supervised learning, showing that it is competitive with more specialized approaches.
Ventricular assist devices and non-cardiac surgery.

The use of ventricular assist devices has expanded significantly since their approval by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States in 1994. In addition to this, the prevalence of heart failure continues to increase. We aim to provide an overview of perioperative considerations and management of these patients for non-cardiac surgery. We performed a Medline search for the words “ventricular assist device,” “Heartmate” and “HeartWare” to gain an overview of the literature surrounding these devices, and chose studies with relevance to the stated aims of this review. Patients with ventricular assist devices are presenting more frequently for surgery not related to their cardiac pathology. As the mechanically supported population grows, general anesthesiologists will be faced with managing these patients, possibly outside of the tertiary care setting. The unique challenges of this patient population can best be addressed by a thorough understanding of ventricular assist device physiology and a multidisciplinary approach to care.
GROUP FOLIATION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS USING MOVING FRAMES

We incorporate the new theory of equivariant moving frames for Lie pseudogroups into Vessiot’s method of group foliation of differential equations. The automorphic system is replaced by a set of reconstruction equations on the pseudogroup jets. The result is a completely algorithmic and symbolic procedure for finding both invariant and noninvariant solutions of differential equations admitting a symmetry group.
Abstract 68: Role of Substance P Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Murine Viral Myocarditis

Viral myocarditis is an important cause of heart failure in adolescents and young adults for which no specific treatment is currently available. Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide and pain transmitter that activates RhoA, a small G-protein, shown to induce hypertrophy of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. The current studies were performed to determine if SP signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection, a well-established murine model of viral myocarditis. Aprepitant (1.2 mg/kg), a SP receptor antagonist, or fasudil (10mg/kg), a Rho A inhibitor, or saline control, was administered daily to mice orally by gavage 3 times for 3 days prior to intraperitoneal infection with 50 PFU of EMCV, and the mice monitored for 14 days. Pretreatment with aprepitant reduced mortality by 40% (25±7% vs. 65±7%), reduced heart-to-body weight ratio by 26% (0.0088±0.0001 vs. 0.0119±0.0001), reduced end systolic diameter (ESD) by 21% (3.0±0.2mm vs. 3.8±0.4mm), improved ejection fraction by 72% (57.2±4.7% vs. 33.2 ±9.3%), reduced chamber volume by 46% (34±5.0 μl vs. 62.7±30.8 μl), increased peak aortic flow velocity by 41% (87.0±24.7 vs. 61.7±20.1), and reduced cardiomyocyte diameter size by13% (11.0±0.1 μM vs. 12.7± 0.2 μM); p
NF-κB and androgen receptor variant expression correlate with human BPH progression

BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common, chronic progressive disease. Inflammation is associated with prostatic enlargement and resistance to 5α-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) therapy. Activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway is linked to both inflammation and ligand-independent prostate cancer progression. METHODS NF-κB activation and androgen receptor variant (AR-V) expression were quantified in transition zone tissue samples from patients with a wide range of AUASS from incidental BPH in patients treated for low grade, localized peripheral zone prostate cancer to advanced disease requiring surgical intervention. To further investigate these pathways, human prostatic stromal and epithelial cell lines were transduced with constitutively active or kinase dead forms of IKK2 to regulate canonical NF-κB activity. The effects on AR full length (AR-FL) and androgen-independent AR-V expression as well as cellular growth and differentiation were assessed. RESULTS Canonical NF-κB signaling was found to be upregulated in late versus early stage BPH, and to be strongly associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Elevated expression of AR-variant 7 (AR-V7), but not other AR variants, was found in advanced BPH samples. Expression of AR-V7 significantly correlated with the patient AUASS and TRUS volume. Forced activation of canonical NF-κB in human prostatic epithelial and stromal cells resulted in elevated expression of both AR-FL and AR-V7, with concomitant ligand-independent activation of AR reporters. Activation of NF-κB and over expression of AR-V7 in human prostatic epithelial cells maintained cell viability in the face of 5ARI treatment. CONCLUSION Activation of NF-κB and AR-V7 in the prostate is associated with increased disease severity. AR-V7 expression is inducible in human prostate cells by forced activation of NF-κB resulting in resistance to 5ARI treatment, suggesting a potential mechanism by which patients may become resistant to 5ARI therapy. Prostate 76:491–511, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Migraines, Marriage, and Mascara : Media Coverage of Michele Bachmann in the 2012 Republican Presidential Campaign

Recent studies show that women running for vice president or president of the United States as major political party candidates often are covered differently than their male opponents by the media. This study examines Republican presidential candidate Michele Bachmann’s television news coverage compared to her male opponents in the months leading up to the primary stage of the 2012 campaign. Our analysis shows that Bachmann received less coverage, which was more often written in the game than issue frame. She was more likely to be associated with masculine than feminine issues. However, Bachmann received less image and negative coverage than her male opponents.
IDENTIFYING THE MATERIAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DECISION MAKING

Materials play a central role in product manufacturing, contributing to each phase of product development in the form of either a component or process material. As the product revolves around materials, so does much of the product information. Material information plays a significant role in the decision making process at any stage of the product life cycle, especially with respect to the sustainability of a product. Material information in the manufacturing stages of a product’s life cycle will relate to the processes used in manufacturing and assembling individual components. The material properties may determine what processes can be used and how these processes should be controlled. To support sustainable manufacturing, the impacts of material choice should be considered during design, when resources are being committed. When comparing material alternatives at design time, it is not as simple as saying one material is “more sustainable” than another. Many different factors determine the sustainability of a product, and each of these factors may be influenced by multiple material properties represented through various information requirements. In order to develop a material information model that can satisfy these information requirements, we need to carefully study the requirements from an information modeling perspective. In this paper, we use activity models to describe design and manufacturing scenarios that rely on the availability of proper material information for sustainability decision making. We will use these models to first define specific scenarios and then to identify the types of material information that is typically required in these scenarios, and collect and categorize key concepts. Based on this study, we will make recommendations that will aid the development of a useful material information model for sustainable decision making.
Impact Protection Equipment for Female Ice Hockey Players

Current offerings for women's ice hockey equipment are compared to the data collected in a 1993 study conducted on fit and performance of impact protection equipment for female ice hockey players. The growing athletic participation of women in a variety of sports has led to the need for female specific protective clothing, specifically in the sport of ice hockey where women have made large strides worldwide in the last decade. Anatomical differences between men and women, the injury occurrence when playing ice hockey and the current system of sizing hockey equipment were reviewed. The SizeUSA data, which includes the body scans and measurements of over 7,000 American women, is discussed and compared with current sizing information. The size and fit of protective equipment is crucial to providing adequate impact protection to the ice hockey player. Female ice hockey players were surveyed: evaluations were conducted on the current equipment, and research on a system of impact protective clothing is analyzed. A system of protection using garment layers to protect specific areas of the body, allows for ease of movement and sized in a manner consistent with the most current information available is recommended. Further research is needed concerning the performance and acceptance of such equipment.
Parental Deployment and Well-Being in Children: Results From a New Study of Military Families

This study examined whether several aspects of the timing and duration of parental deployment are detrimental to child developmental, emotional, and behavioral health in a random, national probability sample of Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps families with a child between the ages of birth and 10 years. The study included a telephone interview of 680 families followed by a web-based survey. Results showed that children were exposed to deployment between 1/6 and 1/5 of their lives across all ages studied. We found no association between deployment and problematic social and emotional development in children between the ages of 0 and 5 years. Experiencing a recent long deployment was associated with higher levels of generalized anxiety in children aged 3 to 5 years, and total percentage of life exposed to deployment was associated with elevated social anxiety in the same age group. For older children (6–10 years), having a parent deployed at birth was associated with more total and peer problems, an...
The changes of gonadal hormone levels in 57 neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalo-pathy

Objective:To investigate the levels of blood plasma estradiol(E2) and testosterone(T) in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) and explore the relation of blood plasma E2 and T with the developing of HIE,and to supply guidance for diagnose and therapy of HIE.Methods:Blood plasma E2 and T levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence in 57 neonates with HIE(21 mild,21 moderate,15 severe HIE) at the acute and convalescence stages.Thirty neonates were used as control.Results:Blood plasma E2 and T were significantly higher at acute stage but significantly lower at convalescence stage in moderate and severe HIE neonates compared with those of control and mild HIE neonates.Blood plasma E2 and T decreased in moderate and severe HIE neonates at convalescence stage compared with those at the acute stage.The diversity of blood plasma E2 and T were unification with the levels of NBNA.Conclusion:E2 and T might be involved in the pathophysiological process of HIE.The levels of E2 and T closely relate to the severity of HIE.
Optoelectronic Passive Countermeasure Technique of Satellite

Optoelectronic passive countermeasure technique of satellite is an important component of the attack-defend countermeasure with space and air.The existing shortages of satellite system are introduced base on these shortages,and the optoelectronic passive countermeasure technique of the satellite is analyzed in this paper.
Problems and Countermeasures on Fund-raising System of Expanded Program on Immunization in China

Objective National Immunization Program belongs to a government behavior with social welfare and public goods.But shortage of government input on national immunization program for a long-time limits future progress and places the program at risk of slipping backward.According to relevant study results,immunization program depends on fiscal decentralization and the government input accounts for less than 1/3 of total program financing.About 65% financing of immunization program relies on cost-recovery(revenue).Operation of immunization at township and village level depends on revenue mainly.The model of excessive fiscal decentralization and over-reliance on revenue results in development unbalance and growing inequities in access to service.Revenue not only increases the parents,burden,but also decreases service quality.The probelem leads the immunization program to slip back.The Ordinance on the Management of Vaccine and Immunization confirms the responsibilities of the government at all levels financing for national immunization program.So the government at all levels should provide enough money for the program.Central and provincial governments should provide further support for EPI work in poor areas and ensure financing for immunization service providers instead of user fee.
Single-Particle Photoluminescence Spectra, Blinking, and Delayed Luminescence of Colloidal CuInS2 Nanocrystals

Single-nanocrystal and ensemble photoluminescence measurements on CuInS2 semiconductor nanocrystals reveal luminescence bandshapes that are broad compared to those typical of individual II–VI or related semiconductor nanocrystals. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis of strong electron–phonon coupling in the emissive excited state of these CuInS2 semiconductor nanocrystals. Blinking is observed that resembles that of other semiconductor nanocrystals. Ensemble luminescence measurements also reveal the existence of a remarkably long-lived excited state in these nanocrystals that continues to emit photons over several orders of magnitude in time following the excitation pulse. The delayed luminescence overlaps in time and shows similar distributed kinetics to the blinking “off” times of the same nanocrystal sample, supporting the proposal that these two phenomena arise from the same microscopic carrier-trapping and -detrapping processes. Excitation power dependence measurements illustrate that the ...
Change in Driving Performance following Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery.

The current study aimed to measure perioperative changes in driving performance following arthroscopic shoulder surgery using a validated driving simulator. 21 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for rotator cuff or labral pathology were tested on a driving simulator preoperatively, and 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. An additional 21 subjects were tested to establish driving data in a control cohort. The number of collisions, centerline crossings, and off-road excursions were recorded for each trial. VAS and SPADI scores were obtained at each visit. The mean number of collisions in the study group significantly increased from 2.05 preoperatively to 3.75 at 6 weeks (p Preliminary data shows that driving performance is impaired for at least 6 weeks postoperatively, with a return to normal driving by 12 weeks. Driving is more profoundly affected in conditions that require avoiding a collision and when the dominant driving arm is involved.
Spatial pattern formation in microtubule post-translational modifications and the tight localization of motor-driven cargo

Microtubule (MT) "age" can be interpreted as nucleotide state, lattice defects, or post-translational modification (PTM) such as acetylation and detyrosination. In all three cases, these have been recently shown to have functionally-important effects on the dynamics of MT arrays, and can present spatial and temporal heterogeneity. While mathematical models for MT array densities are well-established, here we present equations describing MT age, defined as the mean time since the MT's building blocks (tubulin) were polymerized from their soluble dimer state. We derive the age equations using a mean first-passage time calculation and two complementary approaches: The continuum limit of spatial discretization model, and an adjoint operator approach. These equations can recapitulate the observation that the oldest (most de-tyrosinated) tubulin in axons is near the middle of axons during neuronal development in chick embryos. Furthermore, PTMs influence motor kinetics up to approximately twofold for off-rates and velocities. Our simulations demonstrate that this relatively weak dependence of motor kinetics is sufficient to target motor cargo to a specific location along the array. This localization is tightly peaked in a way that magnifies the relatively small signal of PTM spatial heterogeneity. Thus, MT age can produce long-range spatial patterning without feedbacks or diffusing signals.
Keats and the Shards of Antony and Cleopatra

(1988). Keats and the Shards of Antony and Cleopatra. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 56-58.
Census Signal Temporal Logic Inference for Multiagent Group Behavior Analysis

In this paper, we define a novel census signal temporal logic (CensusSTL) that focuses on the number of agents in different subsets of a group that complete a certain task specified by the STL. CensusSTL consists of an “ inner logic ” STL formula and an “ outer logic ” STL formula. We present a new inference algorithm to infer CensusSTL formulas from the trajectory data of a group of agents. We first identify the “ inner logic ” STL formula and then infer the subgroups based on whether the agents’ behaviors satisfy the “ inner logic ” formula at each time point. We use two different approaches to infer the subgroups based on similarity and complementarity, respectively. The “ outer logic ” CensusSTL formula is inferred from the census trajectories of different subgroups. We apply the algorithm in analyzing data from a soccer match by inferring the CensusSTL formula for different subgroups of a soccer team. Note to Practitioners —The method described in this paper can be used to discover subgroups of agents and their behavior patterns based on spatial–temporal data of all agents in the group. The subgroups are formed by agents that behave similarly or complementarily for a certain task. The behavior patterns of the subgroups are expressed in the form of signal temporal logic statements. These are logical statements about the number of agents in the subgroups that are in certain states during a certain time interval. For example, if there are more than two blue agents in the region, then within 2 h, there will be more than three red agents in the same region. The behavior patterns inferred using this method can be used in: 1) analysis of group behavior while performing a task, e.g., in sports tactical analysis and 2) prediction of future group behavior under similar situations.
Virtual Circuits in PhEDEx, an update from the ANSE project

The ANSE project has been working with the CMS and ATLAS experiments to bring network awareness into their middleware stacks. For CMS, this means enabling control of virtual network circuits in PhEDEx, the CMS data-transfer management system. PhEDEx orchestrates the transfer of data around the CMS experiment to the tune of 1 PB per week spread over about 70 sites. The goal of ANSE is to improve the overall working efficiency of the experiments, by enabling more deterministic time to completion for a designated set of data transfers, through the use of end-to-end dynamic virtual circuits with guaranteed bandwidth. ANSE has enhanced PhEDEx, allowing it to create, use and destroy circuits according to it's own needs. PhEDEx can now decide if a circuit is worth creating based on its current workload and past transfer history, which allows circuits to be created only when they will be useful. This paper reports on the progress made by ANSE in PhEDEx. We show how PhEDEx is now capable of using virtual circuits as a production-quality service, and describe how the mechanism it uses can be refactored for use in other software domains. We present first results of transfers between CMS sites using this mechanism, and report on the stability and performance of PhEDEx when using virtual circuits. The ability to use dynamic virtual circuits for prioritised large-scale data transfers over shared global network infrastructures represents an important new capability and opens many possibilities. The experience we have gained with ANSE is being incorporated in an evolving picture of future LHC Computing Models, in which the network is considered as an explicit component. Finally, we describe the remaining work to be done by ANSE in PhEDEx, and discuss future directions for continued development.
The Dependence of the Microwave Radar Cross Section on the Air-Sea Interaction and the Wave Slope

Backscatter measurements from a tower in the Gulf of Mexico by the Naval Research Laboratory show that an X-band radar cross section of the surface depends on wind speed and air-sea temperature difference, and also on the total RMS slope of the large gravity waves that modulate the short centimetric capillary waves. These were extensive measurements with an X-band, vertically polarized, CW radar and were conducted over a one month period. The environmental conditions spanned a wide range of wind speeds, air-sea temperature and wave conditions. A selective study of the dependence of the cross section values (obtained from a twenty minute average) on the winds, the Monin-Obukhov length and the slope has been made. This will enable the development of empirical relationships and models that will advance the remote sensing capabilities of microwave radars for the measurement of the ocean surface winds and other surface quantities, from airborne and space platforms. Under some conditions, the dependence of the average radar cross section on the total slope (at a given wind speed) is substantial. The implications of this data set are: 1) that two or more quantities should be measured simultaneously in order to acquire the most accurate air-sea parameter information and 2) these results contribute to the study of the mechanisms of energy transfer from long to short waves.
Who said what? Translated messages and language interpreters in three texts by Javier Marías and Almudena Grandes

Through the comparison of two short stories and a novel, this article examines the transgression of the deontological code of language interpreters in the fictional realm. The three literary works ...
Cisplatin Alters Antitumor Immunity and Synergizes with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been treated for decades with cisplatin chemotherapy, and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has recently been approved for the treatment of this disease. However, preclinical studies of how antitumor immunity in HNSCC is affected by cisplatin alone or in combination with immunotherapies are lacking. Here, we show that sublethal doses of cisplatin may enhance antigen presentation and T-cell killing in vitro, though cisplatin also upregulates tumor cell expression of PD-L1 and may impair T-cell function at higher doses. In a syngeneic mouse model of HNSCC, concurrent use of cisplatin and anti-PD-L1/PD-1 delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival without significantly reducing the number or function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells or increasing cisplatin-induced toxicities. These results suggest that moderate doses of cisplatin may enhance antitumor immunity by mechanisms other than direct tumor cell killing, which may be further enhanced by anti-PD-L1/PD-1 therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1141-51. ©2017 AACR.
Endothelial dysfunction occurs independently of adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in ovariectomized Yucatan miniature-swine.

ABSTRACTIn rodents, experimentally-induced ovarian hormone deficiency increases adiposity and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, which is thought to contribute to insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. However, whether this occurs in a translationally-relevant large animal model remains unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that ovariectomy would promote visceral and perivascular AT (PVAT) inflammation, as well as subsequent insulin resistance and peripheral vascular dysfunction in female swine. At sexual maturity (7 months of age), female Yucatan mini-swine either remained intact (control, n = 9) or were ovariectomized (OVX, n = 7). All pigs were fed standard chow (15–20 g/kg), and were euthanized 6 months post-surgery. Uterine mass and plasma estradiol levels were decreased by ∼10-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in OVX compared to control pigs. Body mass, glucose homeostasis, and markers of insulin resistance were not different between control and OVX pigs; however, OVX animals ...
Various length paths in graphs

A simple graph G on n vertices satisfies property Pi if between every pair of distinct vertices of G, there exists a path with i vertices. In this paper known results and open questions about the relationship between property Pi and property Pj are considered. There are degree conditions, edge conditions and the condition of being the power of a graph which guarantee that a graph is Hamiltonian-connected (satisfies property Pn). Included is a discussion of these conditions and their relationship to property Pi for i ≠ n.
Preliminary implementation of a web based automated student advising system

We demonstrate the first part of a web based intelligent student advising system in this paper. We investigate to develop an online knowledge-based advising system using today's state of the art web-based technology. Our goal is to algorithmically determine the optimal "class schedule" by which a given student can graduate, given information about that student's degree goals and completed coursework.
Engineering Aspects of Cryobiology

Cryobiology deals primarily with the art of freezing aqueous solutions. These solutions may reside inside or outside of living cells and the transition of this solution from the liquid phase into the solid phase constitutes freezing For purposes of this presentation, the cryobiology of aqueous solutions has been divided into sections with the understanding that they are not distinct from each other In addition, emphasis is placed on selected cells/tissues and on solution of problems encountered in freezing, storage, and thawing of these selected cells/tissues, rather than attempt to provide an all inclusive review of the subject of cryobiology. Hence, the title “Engineering Aspects of Cryobiology” is intended to illustrate how problems encountered in the freezing (cryopreservation) of cells and tissues have been resolved through the engineering of devices used in the various steps of their cryopreservation. This presentation will deal with freezing (with focus on containers, controlled-rate freezers, and temperature monitoring), storage (with focus on mechanical versus liquid nitrogen, thermal/mechanical perturbations, and shipping), and thawing (with focus on rates of thawing, maintenance of sterility, and dilutional removal of cryoprotectants).
Pedal Fungal Mass in the Midwest

Mycetoma cases are predominantly found in tropical regions and are a rare finding in the United States. These masses that are fungal or bacterial in origin can result in significant destruction of soft tissue and bone. We present a case of a patient who emigrated from Mexico to Indianapolis. He presented with a soft-tissue mass that was excised and ultimately found to be a eumycetoma of the hallux of his left foot. Successful treatment included surgical resection in combination with postoperative terbinafine, which was pulse dosed to decrease its impact on hepatic function.
JelloCube: A Continuously Jumping Robot With Soft Body

In this paper, we present a soft-bodied jumping robot called JelloCube, which leverages its body's elasticity to achieve a highly dynamic passive bouncing motion after an active jumping motion. This cube-shaped robot is covered by silicone foam, and each of its six faces has an opening to allow for jumping actuation. By winding up and releasing an elastic strip, the robot can jump in two directions at any orientation. We describe the design and fabrication process of the robot. The robot's single jumping performance, including the jumping height, the first and final landing locations, are empirically characterized. A steering function is designed to enable the robot to achieve accurate directional jumps, and its performance on different grounds is also characterized. In order to control this robot, we develop four algorithms: single jump, steering, directional jump, and multistep directional jump, respectively. Experimental results measure how our robot achieves an autonomously jumping locomotion along a designed path. This robot can be used for applications that require locomotion on uneven terrain such as search and rescue, surveillance, and exploration.
Overview of non-destructive evaluation techniques for metal-based additive manufacturing

Three-dimensional printing/digital or additive manufacturing is an area that is taking off with considerable rapidity and magnitude. In the same time, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is playing an...
Playfulness, Big Five Traits, and Cyberloafing

Few IS studies have examined the phenomenon of cyberloafing, i.e., nonwork -related Internet use by employees during work time. This in-progressresearchproposes totake an individual trait approach and investigates the impact of g eneral traits, like the Big Five, as well as domain -specific ones, suc h as computer playfulness. It i s hypothesized that while the Big Five will be significant predictors of cyberloafing, computer playfulness, as a domain -specific trait, will explain sig nificant incremental variance above and beyond the Big Five. Expected contributions are discussed.
Promoting Sociopolitical Consciousness and Bicultural Goals of Dual Language Education: The Transformational Dual Language Educational Framework

This study examined Spanish-English dual language (DL) K-6 teachers in collaborative professional development as they worked towards achieving the bicultural goal of DL education, beyond traditiona...
Impact of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Survival in Cancer Patients: Do Not Resuscitate Before or After CPR?

Cancer patients have particularly low rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compared with non-cancer patients ([1][1]). The quality of life at discharge of those who survive after CPR is often diminished,
Immobilization rapidly selects for chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells with enhanced ability to enter dormancy

Around 20-30% of ovarian cancer patients exhibit chemoresistance, but there are currently no methods to predict whether a patient will respond to chemotherapy. Here, we discovered that chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells exhibit enhanced survival in a quiescent state upon experiencing the stress of physical confinement. When immobilized in stiff silica gels, most ovarian cancer cells die within days, but surviving cells exhibit hallmarks of single-cell dormancy. Upon extraction from gels, the cells resume proliferation but demonstrate enhanced viability upon reimmobilization, indicating that initial immobilization selects for cells with a higher propensity to enter dormancy. RNA-seq analysis of the extracted cells shows they have signaling responses similar to cells surviving cisplatin treatment, and in comparison to chemoresistant patient cohorts, they share differentially expressed genes that are associated with platinum-resistance pathways. Furthermore, these extracted cells demonstrate greater resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel, despite being proliferative. In contrast, serum starvation and hypoxia could not effectively select for chemoresistant cells upon removal of the environmental stress. These findings demonstrate that ovarian cancer chemoresistance and the ability to enter dormancy are linked, and immobilization rapidly distinguishes chemoresistant cells. This platform could be suitable for mechanistic studies, drug development, or as a clinical diagnostic tool.
Dispute System Design: Preventing, Managing, and Resolving Conflict

Dispute System Design walks readers through the art of successfully designing a system for preventing, managing, and resolving conflicts and legally-framed disputes. The authors draw on their decades of expertise as instructors, experts, and consultants to show how dispute systems design can be used within all types of organizations, including business firms, nonprofit organizations, and international and transnational bodies. This book has two parts: the first teaches readers the foundations of Dispute System Design (DSD), describing bedrock concepts, and case chapters exploring DSD across a range of experiences, including public and community justice, conflict within and beyond organizations, international and comparative systems, and multi-jurisdictional and complex systems. This book is intended for anyone who is interested in the theory or practice of DSD, who uses or wants to understand mediation, arbitration, court trial, or other dispute resolution processes, or who designs or improves existing processes and systems.
NICU Disaster Preparedness: Were we ready for COVID-19?

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, along with natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, have led to decades of disaster preparedness planning. Despite the attention and focus on planning, many studies have found that hospitals are ill prepared to appropriately manage extended disasters. The author completed her doctoral program capstone project on neonatal intensive care unit disaster preparedness. This article discusses lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and what future disaster preparedness plans must consider.
Monitoring Focal Laser Ablation with Interstitial Fluence Probes: Monte Carlo Simulation and Phantom Validation

Focal laser ablation offers a minimally invasive method of treating solid organ tumors via hyperthermia. Real-time monitoring of the induced tissue damage is critical for clinical success, and is typically accomplished using thermal measurements and Arrhenius models. In this manuscript, the utility of interstitial fluence probes in assessing coagulation directly in real-time was assessed through a Monte Carlo simulation and an experimental study in tissue mimicking prostate phantoms. In the simulation results, fluence increases greater than 100% were observed inside the coagulation zone, as coagulation effectively acts as a ‘light trap’. Moreover, the passing of the coagulation boundary at any given point was shown to correspond with an inflection in fluence with a mean absolute difference of 0.1mm and 0.4mm observed for the simulation and phantom respectively. These results suggest that interstitial fluence probes may be capable of providing real-time feedback during focal laser ablation.
Neue Planungsmethodik für Anlagenmit Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration

Kurzfassung Die Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration (MRK) ist weiterhin in aller Munde. Es gibt erfolgreiche Anwendungen. Der grose Durchbruch hat jedoch noch nicht stattgefunden. Ein wesentlicher Grund l...
The spectrum of the Dirac operator near zero virtuality for Nc = 2 and chiral random matrix theory

Abstract We study the spectrum of the QCD Dirac operator near zero virtuality for N c = 2. According to a universality argument, it can be described by a random matrix theory with the chiral structure of QCD, but with real matrix elements. Using results derived by Mehta and Mahoux and Nagao and Wadati, we are able to obtain an analytical result for the microscopic spectral density that in turn is the generating function for Leutwyler-Smilga type spectral sum rules.
Beyond the classroom walls: qualitative findings from an interprofessional student hotspotting learning collaborative

'Hotspotting,' the use of interprofessional teams to address the needs of complex patients in the community, is an approach to reduce overuse of acute care services. While the influence of interprofessional education on student attitudes, knowledge and skills relative to collaborative practice has been a focus of evaluation, research is limited on the outcomes of interprofessional student teams in the community. This qualitative study examines the experiences of students and faculty participating in the interprofessional student Hotspotting program at Thomas Jefferson University. We used purposive sampling to conduct semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 14 students and faculty advisors participating in the program during the 2017-2018 academic year. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. Three themes emerged: 1) addressing unmet needs in a complex system, 2) beyond the classroom walls, and 3) sitting in discomfort. Findings suggest that Hotspotting is beneficial to students and promotes their understanding of the interaction between social factors and health. This study contributes to the growing body of literature documenting the positive influence of Hotspotting on student development as a member of an interprofessional team. Future research should focus on the patient's experience working with students and the sustainability of student Hotspotting.
Joining the Team: Metajournalistic Discourse, Paradigm Repair, the Athletic and Sports Journalism Practice

Utilizing textual analysis, this article examines the metajournalistic discourse inherent in The Athletic’s “why I enlisted” columns. Through this type of study, it is possible to begin to understa...
Revisit PEG-Induced Precipitation Assay for Protein Solubility Assessment of Monoclonal Antibody Formulations

Protein solubility is an important attribute of pharmaceutical monoclonal antibody (MAb) formulations, particularly at high MAb concentrations. PEG-induced protein precipitation has been routinely used to assess protein solubility. To provide insights for better understanding and implementation of PEG-induced protein precipitation assay, this work compares different solubility measures and examines their relevance to loss of protein solubility in concentrated formulations. Solubility of a MAb in 15 formulations was evaluated using PEG-induced precipitation assay. Three apparent protein solubility measures, the middle-point and onset PEG concentrations (cmid and conset) as well as the binding free energy (μB), were obtained from the PEG-induced protein precipitation assay and compared to the DLS protein interaction parameter (kD). Visual inspection of loss of protein solubility in concentrated formulations during storage was used to further examine the discrepancy of protein solubility ranking by these measures. PEG-induced precipitation assay predicted overall protein solubility ranking similar to that by DLS kD. However, for three formulations with ionic excipients NaCl, Arg·Cl, and Arg·Glu·Cl, PEG-induced precipitation assay yielded more accurate predictions compared to DLS kD measurements. Furthermore, μB showed superior ability in distinguishing protein solubility for these formulations. This study demonstrated good correlations between the protein solubility measures obtained from PEG-induced precipitation experiments and DLS kD measurement. It also provides one example in which protein solubility ranking by binding free energy is more accurate than the other measures. The results support the theoretical proposition that μB has a potential to serve as standard protein solubility measure.
Learning Tree Thinking: Developing a New Framework of Representational Competence

Phylogenetic trees are dynamic external representations used to illustrate evolutionary relatedness among taxa. However, students often struggle with correctly interpreting and using these representations in biology courses. In order to optimize learning, it is imperative to understand the challenges students face when trying to correctly understand representations, how students actually learn tree thinking and to identify means to help students overcome these challenges. In this chapter, we synthesize current research findings and discuss the learning process involved with making sense of and generating phylogenetic tree representations at the university level. Furthermore, notions of representational competencevary across contexts and can be representation specific. Thus, we have proposed a new framework for representational competence highlighting learnable skills required for developing tree thinking. This revised framework can inform the design of evolutioncurricula and maximize the instructional potential of phylogenetic representations.
The microscopic and bacteriologic study of urine of obstetric patients

Abstract Frequent difficulties in correlating clinical evidences of urinary tract infection with the urinary findings led to systematic study of the cytologic and bacteriologic characteristics of the urine in a series of pregnant and puerperal women. Results of this study form the basis of this communication.
Effects of Dietary Protein Quantity and Quality on the Growth of Dogs and Rats

The growth of immature beagle dogs and weanling rats fed dietary protein concentrations between 0 and 20% were investigated. With lactalbumin as the protein source, 8- to 10-week-old dogs exhibited optimal growth when the diet supplied between 15 and 20% protein, whereas in older growing dogs (13-17 weeks) maximum growth and feed efficiency occurred with 11.7% dietary protein. Growth and feed efficiency of weanling rats were calculated to be optimal at 11.5% dietary protein. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) calculated during 14 days of feeding a 10% lactalbumin diet was 3.14 for 8- and 10-week-old dogs, 3.42 for 13- to 17-week-old dogs and 3.92 for weanling rats. Subsequent experiments examined the utilization of casein, soy isolate and wheat gluten by immature dogs and weanling rats. When diets contained 10% protein the adjusted PERs of casein, soy and wheat gluten were 2.50, 1.26 and -0.43 for the dog and 2.50, 1.60 and 0.34 for the rat, respectively. At 7.5% protein the adjusted PERs of casein, soy and wheat gluten were 2.50, 1.19 and -3.21 for the dog and 2.50, 1.44 and 0.29 for the rat. Thus, the rat can be a useful model for examining the quality of proteins fed to dogs. However, by using the rat one may overestimate the value of some low quality proteins.
Hierarchical, ordered mapped large insert clone shotgun sequencing

DNA sequencing has become a powerful tool to deepen our understanding of the genetic basis for living systems. Although the basic principles of the Sanger dideoxynucleotide chain extension approach have changed little since it was developed over 30 years ago, the detailed methodology and technology to implement it have resulted in an approximate doubling of the amount of DNA sequence data annually since then. From its initial labor-intensive implementation by which only fairly short DNA segments could be sequenced, present day DNA sequencing now entails a shotgun-based approach that can yield the complete sequence of target regions that are in the megabase pair range. However, when the shotgun approach is coupled with a hierarchical approach in which megabase to gigabase genomes are dissected into ordered maps of large insert clones that are tractable to highly automated shotgun sequencing, that the complete, highly accurate reference genomes for several organisms, including humans, have been determined. But science and technology do not stand still, as new and exciting approaches to obtain DNA sequence data hundreds to thousands of times faster and less expensive than presently available loom on the horizon, giving us the ability to gain an even deeper understanding of the genomes of hundreds of diverse organisms, from animals to plants, as well as the readily available sequence of our individual hereditary material and the prediction of our individual predisposition to genetic-based diseases and physical traits. Keywords: DNA; sequencing; dideoxynucleotide; shotgun; hierarchical; mapping; automation; cloning; amplification; real time; microelectrophoresis; array-based
Heliospheric Observations of Solar Disturbances and Their Potential Role in the Origin of Geomagnetic Storms

Ground-based interplanetary scintillation observations began heliospheric studies in the early 1960's using remote-sensing techniques. These were followed by coronagraph and Helios photometer white-light observations, and kilometric radio observations. The first solar wind in situ observations were measured by the Mariner 2 spacecraft three decades ago. These observations show heliospheric features which corotate with the Sun, as well as those which only occur as single events. For an observer at Earth both types of features can manifest themselves as abrupt time variations in the heliospheric plasma magnetic field, density, and velocity. On the corotating side, recent studies have shown that active regions are associated with sustained outflows of plasma at 1 AU in the form of a dense, slow-speed solar wind component which can interact with the less dense coronal hole regions of the solar wind. Recent work shows that the heliospheric manifestations of coronal mass ejections provide a significant portion of the solar wind mass (>15%) and energy outflow at solar maximum. Both of these types of features have implications in terms of their potential for magnetospheric interaction. We are now poised to take advantage of several technological advances currently underway which will undoubtedly play a key role in complete heliospheric plasma characterization in terms of fundamental interplanetary medium parameters from the Sun outward.
Regional recurrence in the era of sentinel lymph node biopsy

Abstract Background The incidence of all-location regional recurrence after sentinel lymph node biopsy is not well documented. This study attempts to identify risk factors. Methods A prospectively maintained database was queried to identify patients with a regional recurrence of breast cancer after a first operation for invasive unilateral breast cancer. Patients with regional recurrence were compared with those alive and disease free at 5 years. Results Twenty-one of 1,060 patients (2%) experienced a regional recurrence. Most patients (95%) underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy as their axillary staging. Those with regional recurrences had larger tumors ( P P P P = .007). Mastectomy ( P = .001) and receipt of neoadjuvant and/or chemotherapy ( P Conclusions Regional recurrence of breast cancer occurs infrequently. Risk factors include high-risk cancers, higher stage at presentation, nodal involvement, and need for therapies reflecting higher risk biology.
Performance evaluation of memory systems

We address the issues related to the performance evaluation of the memory system in this paper. Our focus is on the problem of mismatches between block transfer time/rate among levels of the memory hierarchy. We discuss solutions, which would help reduce the effects of this problem. We provide a step-by-step approach for the evaluation of a new design. We consider both asynchronous and synchronous disk interleaving techniques and how they should be evaluated against extended-hierarchy of memory systems. We identify all the steps that are needed to make a selection among these techniques, in order to improve the performance of the computer memory system.