cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
29Si and 1H NMR spectroscopy of high-pressure hydrous magnesium silicates

We present NMR spectroscopic data, obtained by 1H MAS, 1H static spin-echo, and 29Si{1H} CP-MAS techniques, for a series of hydrous magnesium silicate samples synthesized at high pressure. This series includes chondrodite, β-Mg2SiO4, and phases A, B, superhydrous B, and E. Phases B and superhydrous B give very narrow 29Si NMR peaks and display the most de-shielded SiVI chemical shifts yet reported: −170.4 ppm for B and −166.6 for superhydrous B. The 1H NMR spectra of B and superhydrous B confirm the presence of paired hydroxyls, as determined from refinement of the H positions from X-ray diffraction data. The 1H MAS NMR spectra of phase B contain peaks for the two distinct hydrogen positions, with chemical shifts of +4.7 and +3.3 ppm. The static 1H spectrum contains a powder pattern characteristic of a strongly coupled hydrogen pair, from which a dipolar coupling constant of 18.6(4) kHz and inter-hydrogen distance of d(H–H)=1.86(2) A were obtained. Superhydrous B appears to give two poorly resolved 1H MAS peaks, consistent with the presence of two distinct hydrogen pairs in the P21 mn crystal structure. Analysis of its spin-echo spectrum gives d(H–H)=1.83(3) A, slightly shorter than for phase B. β-Mg2SiO4, coexisting with phases B and superhydrous B, appears to give 29Si{1H} CP-MAS signal, indicating that it contains significant H concentration. The 29Si chemical shifts for phases B, superhydrous B, and chondrodite, together with those reported previously for other Mg-silicates, show a good correlation with structural parameters.
Animation–Accommodation–Authorization theory of the human personality

Abstract It is posited that there are three essential elements associated with human nature and the human personality: Animation, Accommodation, and Authorization (A 3 ). These broadly construed elements are defined, and then it is shown how they underlie the ways humans cognitively and emotionally engage their world. This explication is made possible by calling on a novel construction, called a “trialogue”, that formally relates attributes of cognitive engagement (termed intellect ) and attributes of emotional engagement to the three essential elements. The trialogue construction constrains the interrelationships among attributes and essential elements, enabling the internal validity of the theory to be tested. A preliminary study with 174 participants investigated the question of internal validity and found convincing evidence to support the basic premise of the model. The structural complementarities of intellect and emotional engagement may provide a better understanding not only of personality but also of some institutions (e.g., educational).
FACT—A business compiler: Description and comparison with COBOL and commercial translator

Publisher Summary This chapter presents FACT—a business compiler, and a comparison with COBOL (common business oriented language), and Commercial Translator. There are two operating systems associated with FACT. One, called Program Test System, used for checking out programs that runs over a program checkout tape, feeds in corrections, and then selectively loads the program, injects derails, and operates the program. At present nothing of this nature is described in COBOL or Commercial Translator. The other operating system is the Executive Scheduler and Monitor. This Executive Routine is used to search for programs that are to be operated in parallel on the H-800 to check that they can fit together within the machine, to assign addresses and peripheral unit addresses and store the programs in running form on a production run tape. COBOL has made no effort yet to describe common Executive Schedulers and loaders or checkout Executive Routines. Similarly, there is no information about corresponding plans for Commercial Translator.
Stability of ice/rock mixtures with application to a partially differentiated Titan

Titan’s moment of inertia, calculated assuming hydrostatic equilibrium from gravity field data obtained during the Cassini–Huygens mission, implies an internal mass distribution that may be incompatible with complete differentiation. This suggests that Titan may have a mixed ice/rock core, possibly consistent with slow accretion in a gas-starved disk, which may initially spare Titan from widespread ice melting and subsequent differentiation. A partially differentiated Titan, however, must still efficiently remove radiogenic heat over geologic time. We argue that compositional heterogeneity in the major saturnian satellites indicates that Titan formed from planetesimals with disparate densities. The resulting compositional anomalies would quickly redistribute to form a vertical density gradient that would oppose thermal convection. We use elements of the theory of double-diffusive convection to create a parameterized model for the thermal evolution of ice/rock mixtures with a stabilizing compositional gradient. To account for large uncertainties in material properties and accretionary processes, we perform simulations for a wide range of initial conditions. Ultimately, for realistic density gradients, double-diffusive convection in the ice/rock interior can delay, but not prevent, ice melting and differentiation, even if a substantial fraction of potassium is leached from the rock component. Consequently, Titan is not partially differentiated.
The hierarchical organization of molecular structure computations

ABSTRACT The task of computing molecular structure from combinations of experimental and theoretical constraints is expensive because of the large number of estimated parameters (the 3D coordinates of each atom) and the rugged landscape of many objective functions. For large molecular ensembles with multiple protein and nucleic acid components, the problem of maintaining tractability in structural computations becomes critical. A well-known strategy for solving difficult problems is divide-and-conquer. For molecular computations, there are two ways in which problems can be divided: (1) using the natural hierarchy within biological macromolecules (taking advantage of primary sequence, secondary structural submits and tertiary structural motifs, when they are known); and (2) using the hierarchy that results from analyzing the distribution of structural constraints (providing information about which substructures are constrained to one another). In this paper, we show that these two hierarchies can be comple...
Atomic force microscopy, electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of Au colloids formed by ion implantation in muscovite mica

Abstract Au was implanted into the (001) surface of muscovite mica at an energy of 1.1 MeV and at doses of 1, 3, 6, and 10 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 . Absorption spectra of the as-implanted samples revealed a peak at 2.28 eV (545 nm) which is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance of Au colloids. The infrared reflectance measurements show a decreasing reflectivity with increasing ion dose in the Si-O stretching region (900–1200 cm −1 ). A new peak is observed at 967 cm −1 , increases with the ion dose and is attributed to a Si-O dangling bond. Atomic force microscopy images of freshly cleaved samples implanted with 6 and 10 × 10 16 ions/cm 2 indicated metal colloids with diameters between 0.9–1.5 nm. AEM images of the annealed samples showed irregularly shaped structures with a topology that results from the fusion of smaller colloids.
Insensitivity of Human Prolactin Receptors to Nonhuman Prolactins: Relevance for Experimental Modeling of Prolactin Receptor-Expressing Human Cells

Prolactin (PRL) receptors are expressed in a broad range of human cell types and in a majority of human breast and prostate cancers. Experimentally, normal and malignant human cells are typically cultured in vitro in media containing bovine PRL (bPRL) from fetal bovine serum or as xenotransplants in vivo in the presence of murine PRL (mPRL). The biological efficacy of bPRL toward hPRL receptors (hPRLR) is controversial, and hPRLR are insensitive to mPRL, but the mechanism is not known. To clarify limitations of current in vitro and in vivo experimental model systems for studies of hPRLR-expressing cells, we tested human and relevant subprimate prolactins in multiple hPRLR bioassays. bPRL and ovine PRL were 10-fold less potent hPRLR agonists than hPRL, although maximal responses at high ligand concentrations (efficacies) equaled that of hPRL. mPRL and rat PRL had greater than 50-fold lower potencies toward hPRLR than hPRL and had 50% reduced efficacies. In fact, mPRL and rat PRL were less effective hPRLR agonists than murine GH. Unexpectedly, mPRL was an effective competitive inhibitor of hPRL binding to hPRLR with an inhibitory constant of 1.3 nm and showed partial antagonist activity, suggesting reduced site-2 binding. Collectively, low bioactivities of bPRL and mPRL toward hPRLR suggest that existing laboratory cancer cell lines grown in 10% bovine serum-supplemented media or in mice are selected for growth under lactogen-depleted conditions. The biology and drug responsiveness of existing human cell lines may therefore not be representative of clinical cancers that are sensitive to circulating PRL.
On the Cohomology of Algebraic and Related Finite Groups

In the above theorem, H*(GL,,M~ ~ denotes the rational cohomology of the algebraic group GL, with coefficients in M(, ~), the rational GL.-module obtained from the adjoint module M . = M ~ ~ through twisting by the r th power of the Frobenius endomorphism on GL,. The algebra structure on the cohomology is induced from the associative algebra structure on M,. On the other hand, we provide the following systematic determination of certain rational cohomology groups H*(G, V(r)), where V (r) is the rational Gmodule obtained from the rational G-module V by applying the r th Frobenius twist (see (1.2)). This is a somewhat sharpened version of Theorem 4 of [36].
Kinetics of induced crystallization of the LC1- xSilx system

This study explores the kinetics of a new feature, called “induced crystallization (IC)”, observed in an Aerosil dispersed octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal system. Heating rate dependent experiments were performed using modulation differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) at various heating ramp rates. In the presence of Aerosil nanoparticles, a well-defined exothermic peak was found as an additional feature on the heating scan before the melting transition, which was absent in the bulk 8CB; hence, we like to call it an “IC” as it is induced by Aerosil nanoparticles in the system. The system LC1-xSilx was prepared by mixing Aerosil nanoparticles in the bulk 8CB by the solvent dispersion method (SDM) where LC represents bulk 8CB and Sil represents Aerosil nanoparticles with x as the Aerosil fraction. The concentration of the Aerosil nanoparticles (x) varied from 0 to 0.2 g/cm 3 in the bulk 8CB. The IC transition peak showed a temperature shift and change in the shape and size in the presence of Aerosil nanoparticles. In addition, this transition shifted significantly with different heating ramp rates following an Arrhenius behavior showing activated kinetics. The presence of Aerosil nanoparticles caused a significant increase in the enthalpy and decrease in the activation energy for the IC transition as the density of Aerosil nanoparticles increases and showed a saturation for the highest density of Aerosil nanoparticles. This behavior can be explained in terms of molecular disorder and surface molecular interaction induced by adding Aerosil nanoparticles into the bulk of 8CB liquid crystal. I. Introduction Liquid crystals (LC) are a particularly attractive system for the study of phase transitions into partially ordered phases. This makes them especially interesting for the study of the effects of quenched random disorder (QRD), which are typically introduced by the random fixed dispersion of solid surfaces. The effect of quenched random disorder on phase transitions as well as on melting or crystallization is an important area of study that continues to attract a great deal of research. Disorder is ubiquitous (ideal pure transitions being the exception rather than the rule in nature!), and the effect on phase transitions can be profound. Phase transitions are modified depending on the aspect of the system affected by the disorder and on the dimensionality. In LC + Aerosil systems, the quenched random disorder is created by a dispersed gel of Aerosil nanoparticles and is varied by changing the density of Aerosils in the dispersion. A convenient measure of the introduced disorder is the grams of silica per cubic centimeter of liquid crystal, denoted as the conjugate silica density Fs, which is directly related to the surface area of solids as well as to the mean distance between solid surfaces. The Aerosils used are silica spheres that can hydrogen-bond together to form a fractal-like random gel.
Galileo observations of the motions of ion and electron plasmas in the magnetotail

A series of simultaneous determinations is presented of the 3D bulk flows of ion and electron plasmas in the magnetotail at radial distances near the lunar orbit. In the plasma mantle the ion and electron bulk velocities are identical within measurement accuracy. In the plasma sheet the electron bulk flows, densities, and temperatures are consistent with the results of the previous ISEE-3 survey at these radial distances as given by Zwickl et al. (1984). The present observations show that the electron bulk flows are often dominantly field-aligned and attributable to field-aligned currents, not convective motions within the magnetotail. The E x B convection of the plasmas as determined directly from the ion observation is often significantly slower and/or in a different direction than the bulk motions of either the ion or the electron plasmas. Thus, the ISEE-3 observations of electron bulk flows cannot be reliably used as measures of the E x B convection of plasmas or ion bulk motions at these distances in the plasma sheet.
Gender differences in the relationship of widowhood and psychological well-being among low income elderly.

The present study examined the influence of widowhood on the psychological well-being of low income elderly women and men while controlling for a number of mediating variables. Both widows and widowers were found to have lower sychological well-being than their married counterparts once health and social network differences were controlled. Health status and social networks were the major predictors of psychological well-being. Married women reported many more stress related ailments than any other roup. Among women, friends contributed more to psychological well-being than family contact. Among men, family rather than friends were more highly correlated with psychological wellbeing. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.
Inhibition of adenosine deaminase by novel 5:7 fused heterocycles containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazepine ring system: a structure-activity relationship study.

As part of a program to explore structure−activity relationships for the extremely tight binding inhibition characteristics of coformycins to adenosine deaminase, a series of analogues (1a−1h) containing the imidazo[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazepine ring system has been synthesized and screened in vitro against a mammalian adenosine deaminase for inhibitory activity. While compounds 1a and 1b were synthesized in five steps starting from 4-nitroimidazole, others were derived from 1a through simple exchange reactions with the appropriate alcohols. The observed kinetics profiles and Ki values suggest that the target compounds are competitive inhibitors that bind 6−9 orders of magnitude less tightly to the enzyme. Compounds 1c and 1d were the most active in the series with Ki's ranging from 12 to 15 μM.
Identifying and Defending the Hard Core of Virtue Ethics

Virtue ethics has been challenged on empirical grounds by philosophical interpreters of situationist social psychology. Challenges are necessarily challenges to something or other, so it’s only possible to understand the situationist challenge to virtue ethics if we have an antecedent grasp on virtue ethics itself. To this end, I first identify the non-negotiable “hard core” of virtue ethics with the conjunction of nine claims, arguing that virtue ethics does make substantive empirical assumptions about human conduct. Next, I rearticulate the situationist challenge in light of these nine claims. I then turn to a discussion of specifications of several responses typically made by defenders of virtue ethics against the situationist challenge, arguing that most of them either are unsound or give up one of the elements in the hard core. A few, however, survive this criticism, and so I conclude by suggesting ways in which the situationist challenge might be not so much resisted as co-opted. Situational influences can be used to help people simulate virtue, a phenomenon I call factitious virtue.
Review of dark matter direct detection experiments

Matter, as we know it, makes up less than 5% of the Universe. Various astrophysical observations have confirmed that one quarter of the Universe and most of the matter content in the Universe is made up of dark matter. The nature of dark matter is yet to be discovered and is one of the biggest questions in physics. Particle physics combined with astrophysical measurements of the abundance gives rise to a dark matter candidate called weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP). The low density of WIMPs in the galaxies and the extremely weak nature of the interaction with ordinary matter make detection of the WIMP an extraordinarily challenging task, with abundant fakes from various radioactive and cosmogenic backgrounds with much stronger electromagnetic interaction. The extremely weak nature of the WIMP interaction dictates detectors that have extremely low naturally occurring radioactive background, a large active volume (mass) of sensitive detector material to maximize statistics, a highly efficient detector-based rejection mechanism for the dominant electromagnetic background and sophisticated analysis techniques to reject any residual background. This paper reviews currently available major technologies being pursued by various collaborations, with special emphasis on the cryogenic Ge detector technology used by the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Collaboration (CDMS).
Modeling Surface Deformation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites

Surface waviness in glass fiber reinforced composites is predominately due to dif ferences in the thermal expansion properties of the resin and the reinforcement. A model has been developed which simulates the surface deformation of glass fiber reinforced composites as a function of factors such as molding temperature, thickness of glass fibers, and the thermal expansion properties of the resin and the glass. Application of a top layer helps to conceal fiber readout which is a type of surface waviness. Based on the predic tions of the model, increasing the top layer thickness is more effective than increasing the top layer stiffness.
Use of smokeless tobacco by young adult females.

In contrast to the well documented use of smokeless tobacco (ST) by men, far less is known about ST use by women. In part this is due to the small overall prevalence of ST use among women (0.6%). This paper is a descriptive report of the use of ST by young adult women in the upper midwest. Twenty women, identified as smokeless tobacco users, completed a tobacco questionnaire and brief interview. The majority (80%) were introduced to ST by friends and 60% had tried cigarettes before using ST. Almost all used ST daily, averaging 3.6 dips per day. The number of dips per day was significantly correlated with salivary cotinine (r = .60). Subjects listed relaxation and pleasure most frequently as reasons for using ST. Twenty-five percent reported using ST to quit smoking and a similar percentage reported using ST to curb their appetite. With the introduction of new flavored snuff products, ST may become more appealing to the tastes of diverse groups including women. The potential acceptance of ST among women should be the focus of further research.
A novel T cell cytokine, secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells, induces osteoclast formation in a RANKL-independent manner

Objective Chronic T cell activation is central to the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an inflammatory autoimmune disease that leads to severe focal bone erosions and generalized systemic osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown novel cytokine-like activities in medium containing activated T cells, characterized by potent induction of the osteoblastic production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory cytokine and stimulator of osteoclastogenesis, as well as induction of an activity that directly stimulates osteoclast formation in a manner independent of the key osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL. This study was undertaken to identify the factors secreted by T cells that are responsible for these activities. Methods Human T cells were activated using anti-human CD3 and anti-human CD28 antibodies for 72 hours in AIM V serum-free medium to obtain T cell–conditioned medium, followed by concentration and fractionation of the medium by fast-protein liquid chromatography. Biologically active fractions were resolved using sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Major bands were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and a major candidate protein was identified. This novel cytokine was cloned, and its expression was analyzed using recombinant DNA technologies. Results A single novel cytokine that could induce both osteoblastic IL-6 production and functional osteoclast formation in the absence of osteoblasts or RANKL and that was insensitive to the effects of the RANKL inhibitor osteoprotegerin was identified in the activated T cell–conditioned medium; this cytokine was designated secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells (SOFAT). Further analysis of SOFAT revealed that it was derived from an unusual messenger RNA splice variant coded by the threonine synthase–like 2 gene homolog, which is a conserved gene remnant coding for threonine synthase, an enzyme that functions only in microorganisms and plants. Conclusion SOFAT may act to exacerbate inflammation and/or bone turnover under inflammatory conditions such as RA or periodontitis and in conditions of estrogen deficiency.
Double sliding model for cyclic deformation of granular materials, including dilatancy effects

Abstract A constitutive model is developed for monotonic as well as cyclic deformation of granular materials based on a double sliding mechanism. The inelastic deformation is regarded to consist of two superimposed sliding deformations, along preferred sliding planes which are obtained from a variant of Coulomb's criterion, incorporating the resistance due to the stress normal to the sliding planes and the hydrostatic pressure. The sliding is accompanied by volumetric straining which is related to the shear strain through the energy equation associated with the frictional loss. Hardening laws are proposed for the evolution of the frictional resistance which increases and saturates in continuous loading and decreases first upon unloading and then increases and saturates in reverse loading. The resistance due to hydrostatic pressure is assumed to increase with density. The model is applied to simple shear and biaxial compression tests, and is shown to have attributes of the experimentally observed results in monotonic, as well as in cyclic loadings, for both dense and loose samples. In particular, the observed initial densification and subsequent dilatancy are nicely predicted. Finally it is shown that the model predicts large increases of the confining pressure, and hence the flow stress, upon pure shearing of confined granules with very small void ratios, e.g. pulverized ceramics with inertial confinement, in shock loading of ceramics.
The activity of transition metal nitrides for hydrotreating quinoline and thiophene

An investigation has been conducted of the activity of AlN, BN, TiN, VN, Mo2N, and W2N as catalysts for quinoline hydrodenitrogenation (HDN). The activity of Mo2N and VN for thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and the concurrent hydrotreatment of quinoline and thiophene have also been examined. Bulk AlN, BN, and TiN were obtained with low surface areas and found to be inactive for the HDN of quinoline. Bulk Mo2N, W2N, and VN could be obtained with high surface area. Each of these nitrides exhibited high activity for quinoline HDN, the turnover frequency for this reaction decreasing in the order Mo2N>W2N>VN. Highly dispersed VN supported on SiO2 was found to have a specific activity for quinoline HDN identical to that of bulk VN. Both bulk Mo2N and 27% VN/SiO2 exhibit high activity for the HDS of thiophene. The behavior of these two catalysts for the concurrent hydrotreatment of quinoline and thiophene is also discussed.
The synthesis of corticosteroids methylated at C21

Die Darstellung der beiden epimeren C21-Methylderivate des 9α-Fluorprednisolons wird beschrieben. 9α-Fluor-21-methyl-1, 4-pregnadien-11β, 17α, 21B-triol-3, 20-dion-21-azetat ist ein hochwirksames entzundungshemmendes Steroid, vollkommen frei von Nebenwirkungen der Natrium- und Wasserretention des C21-unsubstituierten 9α-Fluorprednisolons.
Development of Five Dual-Color, Double-Fusion Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Assays for the Detection of Common MLL Translocation Partners

Chromosomal rearrangements involving the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene at 11q23 are frequent in adult and childhood acute leukemia and have been associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that MLL gene partners may influence prognosis. Five translocations account for ∼80% of MLL rearrangements: t(4;11)(q21;q23), AFF1/MLL; t(6;11)(q27;q23), MLLT4/MLL; t(9;11)(p22;q23), MLLT3/MLL; t(11;19)(q23;p13.1), MLL/ELL; and t(11;19)(q23;p13.3), MLL/MLLT1. We have designed dual-color, double-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) probe sets to identify these translocations. A blinded study was performed for each probe set using 25 normal bone marrow samples, 25 t(4;11), 20 t(6;11), 20 t(9;11), 18 t(11;19p13.1), and 20 t(11;19p13.3) leukemia specimens as defined by chromosome analysis. The findings demonstrated abnormal D-FISH results for 24 of 25 AFF1/MLL, 19 of 20 MLLT4/MLL, all 20 MLLT3/MLL, all 18 MLL/ELL, and all 20 MLL/MLLT1 samples, confirming the efficacy of these D-FISH assays in detecting these common MLL/partner translocations. Our D-FISH assays were more accurate than chromosome analysis at distinguishing disruption of 19p13.1/ELL from that of 19p13.3/MLLT1. We also demonstrated a statistically significant increase in complex/unbalanced MLL/partner translocations occurring in pediatric patients versus adult patients (P = 0.02). A normal cutoff of 0.6% was established, suggesting an application for these assays in minimal residual disease detection and disease monitoring.
Borderline Personality Disorder Features and History of Childhood Maltreatment in Mothers Involved With Child Protective Services

This study examines the history of childhood maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms in mothers whose children were removed from the home by Child Protective Services (CPS) ...
Molecular Variation and Evolutionarily Significant Units in the Endangered Gila Topminnow

Determining evolutionarily significant units in endangered species is one of the most significant challenges facing conservation biology. Often genetic information has been used as the primary basis of recommendations for evolutionarily significant units, but these data should be evaluated carefully and used in conjunction with other information. The endangered Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis. o. occidentalis) has been the subject of extensive conservation biology research and genetic investigation. We extended these data to highly variable genetic markers, examined variation in microsatellite loci, and compared it with previous measures of genetic diversity for the Gila topminnow from the four watersheds in Arizona in which they are still naturally extant. Fish from Monkey Spring were the most highly differentiated from the other populations. Overall, the amounts and patterns of genetic variation were consistent with known historical and physical differences among sites. The four watersheds are highly physically isolated from one another and differ in a number of important factors in their physical habitat, biota, and the life-history of the topminnows. Based on these geographic patterns and the genetic results, we recommend that the four watersheds all be managed and conserved separately. La determinacion de unidades evolutivamente significativas en especies amenazadas es uno de los retos mas significativos que enfrenta la biologia de la conservacion. Frecuentemente la informacion genetica ha sido utilizada como la base primaria de recomendaciones de unidades evolutivamente significativas, pero estos datos deben ser evaluados cuidadosamente y usados en conjunto con otra informacion. La especie amenazada Gila topminnow (Poeciliopsis o. occidentalis), ha estado sujeta a estudios extensivos en biologia de la conservacion e investigaciones geneticas. Extendemos estos datos hacia marcadores geneticos altamente variables, examinamos la variacion en loci microsatelites y comparamos con mediciones previas de diversidad genetica para Gila Topminnow de cuatro cuencas hidrologicas de Arizona en las cuales aun se encuentran en forma natural. Los peces del arroyo Monkey fueron los que se diferenciaron mas de las otras poblaciones. En general, las cantidades y patrones de variacion genetica fue consistente con diferencias historicas y fisicas conocidas entre sitios. Las cuatro cuencas estan aisladas fisicamente y difieren entre si en una cantidad importante de factores fisicos, biota y la historia de vida de los peces. En base a estos patrones geograficos y a los resultados geneticos, recomendamos que las cuatro cuencas sean manejadas y conservadas por separado.
Sample size and the recovery of nominal response model item parameters

In this study of polytomous items, the number of items and categories per item were varied to explore the effects on estimation of item parameters in the nominal response model. De Ayala and Sava-B...
A digital database of wrist bone anatomy and carpal kinematics

The skeletal wrist consists of eight small, intricately shaped carpal bones. The motion of these bones is complex, occurs in three dimensions, and remains incompletely defined. Our previous efforts have been focused on determining the in vivo three-dimensional (3-D) kinematics of the normal and abnormal carpus. In so doing we have developed an extensive database of carpal bone anatomy and kinematics from a large number of healthy subjects. The purpose of this paper is to describe that database and to make it available to other researchers. CT volume images of both wrists from 30 healthy volunteers (15 males and 15 females) were acquired in multiple wrist positions throughout the normal range of wrist motion. The outer cortical surfaces of the carpal bones, radius and ulna, and proximal metacarpals were segmented and the 3-D motion of each bone was calculated for each wrist position. The database was constructed to include high-resolution surface models, measures of bone volume and shape, and the 3-D kinematics of each segmented bone. The database does not include soft tissues of the wrist. While there are numerous digital anatomical databases, this one is unique in that it includes a large number of subjects and it contains in vivo kinematic data as well as the bony anatomy.
Influence of yoga, walking, and mindfulness meditation on fatigue and body mass index in women living with breast cancer

Abstract There is some evidence-based research regarding risk factors and prevention of breast cancer in women, but relatively less information about the maintenance and improvement in health for women living with breast cancer. Studies show an increase in body mass index (BMI) may lead to a poorer prognosis of breast cancer or may be associated with advanced stages of breast cancer. Exercise and dietary restriction decrease body mass index in women with breast cancer. Fatigue had been recognized as an almost universal side effect of cancer. The impact of cancer related fatigue (CRF) on quality of life (QOL) and the ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADL) has profound implications for patients who experience a notable decline in functional ability during cancer treatment. Exercise is one of the few interventions that has been used to decrease CRF. Prior studies on the effect of exercise in patients diagnosed with breast cancer have assessed subjects who were sedentary throughout treatment; however problems faced by physically active people with breast cancer are somewhat different. There exists a wide range of activity in this population. Breast cancer patients who exercise have reported decreased levels of anxiety and depression while mood is elevated overall. Moderate exercise instead of vigorous exercise is preferable to patients and results in increased compliance. Individual versus group exercise programs (or physical therapy interventions) are less costly and less demanding. There are significant differences in the dimensions of quality of life across different clinical stages of breast cancer which may be influenced by several interventions reviewed.
3D Numerical Simulation of the Influence of AGD Beams on Gas Distribution in COREX-3000 Shaft Furnace

A three-dimensional mathematical model is developed to describe the influence of AGD beams on gas distribution in COREX-3000 shaft furnace. The calculated result shows that with AGD beams installed, the pressure drop in furnace is decreased while the volume of low velocity zone at bottom of furnace is enlarged. AGD channels can lead reduction gas into shaft center, and increase the gas velocity at slots level, but it have little effect on gas distribution at upper part of the furnace. AGD beams are also good at restraining down pipe gas, and the volume fraction of down pipe gas declines from 9.89 % to 6.41 %, decreases about 35.2%. 2#COREX furnace with AGD beams is better at achieving uniform gas distribution.
Estimation of the internal demagnetizing factor of cast iron from its measured remanent magnetization

The magnetization of cast iron is analyzed as that of the material with a demagnetizing factor equal to internal demagnetizing factor N in. A formula is derived for calculating N in of cast iron in the state of remanent magnetization in the major hysteresis loop from the coercive force and technical-saturation magnetization.
Topical projection of the olivocerebellar system in the cat: An electrophysiological study

Using electrophysiological recording, topical aspects of the olivocerebellar projection were studied in the locally anesthetized cat immobilized with Flaxedil. Transcortical evoked potentials were recorded simultaneously from eight electrodes distributed over the cerebellar surface, and averaged with a LINC computer. Precautions were taken to eliminate virtual potentials from this volume conductor situation. The evoked potentials consisted of a 4–6 msec positive spike, latency 4.5–7 msec, followed by a 15–30 msec slow negative deflection. Each was recorded from one or two folia contralateral in distribution. Medial and dorsal accessory nuclei project largely to cerebellar vermis. A rostrocaudal relationship was found between posterior vermis and medial accessory nucleus, and vermal anterior lobe received its projection from the caudal and midportions of medial and dorsal accessory components. A dense representation of accessory nucleus responses was present over the declive as compared with other cerebellar areas. Paravermal responses of anterior lobe derived from rostral dorsal accessory olive, and principal olive connected to the hemispheral region. The ventral lamella of principal olive projected to Crus II, dorsal lamella to Crus I. These lobules are represented rostrally in the principal nucleus, whereas the source for paramedial lobules was situated more caudally. The results correlate well with the retrograde degeneration studies of Brodal ('40, '54) but differ in the detail of some projections.
A Model System for the Study of the Release of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone from Isolated Storage Granules

: We have developed an in vitro system for the study of the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) from its storage granules. In this system, homogenates of hypothalamic tissue are subjected to hypoosmotic shock, and the LH-RH-containing granules are isolated by means of differential centrifugation. The isolated granules are then incubated in a buffered medium, and the incubation is terminated by passing the incubation mixture through LH-RH affinity columns. The LH-RH associated with the granules passes freely through the columns, whereas the LH-RH released into the medium binds to the columns and is subsequently eluted with an acid solution. LH-RH is quantified by radioimmunoassay (RIA). We tested the effects of various concentrations of KCl on LH-RH release, which was found to be dependent on the concentration of KCl in the medium over the range 40–160 mM. We then studied the effects of pH on the release of LH-RH. Incubation of granules at pH 7.8 in the presence of 160 mM-KC1 resulted in the release from the granules of 14% of the stored LH-RH, whereas incubation at pH 6.2 resulted in the release of approximately 30% of the LH-RH. In addition, granules were incubated at pH 7.8 with MgATP and KCl. MgATP elicited a marked release of LH-RH that was approximately twice that seen in the absence of MgATP. In summary, in this in vitro system, granules containing LH-RH are stable under defined biochemical conditions, and LH-RH release from these granules is stimulated by ions and MgATP.
A project in small-group decision making

This article describes a small group decision-making/problem-solving assignment that is suitable for use in any class in which decision making is a topic of interest. Students are given information on a variety of decision-making techniques and are then assigned to groups of four to six people to choose and demonstrate a technique that is appropriate for an organizational decision-making situation that they develop. Class members observe and evaluate each group's performance on criteria such as choice and explanation of situation, choice and demonstration of technique, and quality of resolution.
Large sample and jackknife procedures for small sample orthogonal least squares inference

This paper concerns orthogonal least squares estimation and (approximate) distribution theory for the particualr estimators considered. A small Monte Carlo study is included.
The optimal rate of inflation revisited

Abstract Inflation viewed as a tax on cash balances is investigated using the optimal commodity tax framework. The optimal inflation rate is shown to depend on the effect of changes in the rate of inflation on quantity demanded of ‘costly-to-produce’ goods. Even when other goods are taxed, it is not always optimal to have a positive tax on money, as Phelps and others have claimed. A zero tax or even a rate of deflation greater than the pre-tax rate of interest may be optimal.
Low infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles released from interferon-treated cells is related to glycoprotein deficiency.

Abstract We have investigated the mechanism for the low infectivity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) released from interferon (IFN) -treated cells. With 10–30 units/ml of IFN there was an approximately 5–30 fold reduction in the production of virus particles, as measured by VSV proteins; however, the infectivity of the VSV released from IFN-treated mouse L B , JLS-V9R, or human GM2504 was drastically reduced (2 to 4 logs). The low infectivity of VSV was directly related to a deficiency in virion glycoprotein (G). IFN treatment did not change the specific infectivity of the VSV particles released by HeLa cells; their G protein was also not reduced. A further effect of IFN to reduce the amount of virion M protein appeared to be secondary and was probably not related to the reduced infectivity of VSV.
542. Psychomotor aspects of mood disorders in Parkinson’s disease

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been reported in association with some neurological disorders that affect the basal ganglia. However, there are few studies investigating OCD in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and OCD in patients with PD. We evaluated 96 patients (62 males and 34 females) with idiopathic PD and 96 controls (matched by sex and age) using a semi-structured interview (for DSM-IV). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was administered to all patients with OCS. All patients were examined by a neurologist blind to the patient’s OCS scores. Mean (6SD) age was 62.30 (611.30) for PD patients and 62.35 (611.48) for control group. OCS were present in 17 (17.7%) PD patients (5 met criteria for OCD) and in 12 (12.5%) controls (3 with OCD), without statistically difference between the two groups (p:0,42). Mean score of Y-BOCS was 17.11 (65.55) for PD patients and 14.08 (64.81) for controls. PD patients with OCS exhibited a predominance of left motor symptoms (58.82%) when compared with patients without OCS (36.70%) (p 5 0.10). OCD and OCS were not more prevalent in PD patients compared to matched controls. One hypothesis to explain these findings is that OCD symptoms are mediated by hyperactivity in basal ganglia circuits in contrast with PD symptoms. The association of OCS and left motor symptoms may be another evidence that each hemisphere may carry out different roles in the pathophysiology of OCD.
Cancer Therapy-Induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Interventions and Prognosis

Abstract Background For multiple chemotherapeutics, cardiotoxicity is dose limiting and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. Early cardiac intervention has the potential to positively affect clinical course. Methods and Results We reviewed 247 consecutive patients referred to the Stanford cardiology clinic for cancer therapy-associated cardiac abnormalities from 2004 to 2012. A comprehensive review of records was performed, with documentation of baseline characteristics, cardiac imaging, medications, and clinical course. Seventy-nine patients who had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) declines temporally associated with cancer therapy were included. The most common malignancies were breast (46%) and hematologic (35%); 71% of the patients were female, and overall mean age was 52 years. The primary cancer therapeutics associated with LVEF decline included anthracyclines, trastuzumab, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The mean LVEF was 60% before cancer therapy and 40% after cancer therapy. The most common cardiac interventions included beta-blockers (84%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (83%). Mean LVEF after cardiac intervention rose to 53%; 77% of patients had LVEF recovery to ≥50%, and 68% of these patients had recovery within 6 months of starting cardiac therapy; 76% of patients were able to continue their planned cancer therapy. Conclusions With appropriate cardiac intervention, the majority of patients with LVEF decline from cancer therapy can achieve LVEF recovery and complete their cancer therapy.
A Compiler-Guided Approach for Reducing Disk Power Consumption by Exploiting Disk Access Locality

Power consumption of large servers and clusters has recently been a popular research topic, since this issue is important from both technical and environmental viewpoints. The prior research proposed disk power management as one of the important ways of reducing overall power of a large system and considered both hardware-based and software-guided disk power reduction schemes. One of the common characteristics of the previously proposed approaches to disk power reduction is that they work with a given disk access pattern. In comparison, the goal of the approach proposed in this paper is to restructure application code using an optimizing compiler so that disk idle periods are lengthened. This in turn allows the underlying disk power management scheme to be more effective since such schemes usually prefer the long idle periods over the short ones. Our approach targets at large scientific applications that operate on disk-resident arrays using nested loops and exhibit regular data access patterns. To test the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we implemented it within an optimizing compiler and performed experiments with six data-intensive applications that manipulate disk-resident data. Our experimental analysis shows that the proposed approach is very successful in practice and reduces the total disk energy consumption on average by 18.17%, as compared to an execution without any disk power management, and by 11.55%, as compared to an execution that employs disks with low-power capabilities without our code restructuring approach.
Preparation and characterization of tetracycline‐loaded interpenetrating polymer networks of carboxymethyl cellulose and poly(acrylic acid): water sorption and drug release study

Tetracycline (TC)-loaded ionic interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crosslinked poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were prepared and characterized by infrared spectral analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The prepared IPNs were evaluated for in vitro blood compatibility by clot formation and hemolysis methods and their water imbibitions capacity was determined. Fractional release dynamics of tetracycline was also investigated from loaded IPNs of CMC and PAA. The entrapped drug was examined for antibacterial activity and structural integrity and effects of various parameters such as percentage loading of the drug, chemical composition of the carrier IPN, pH and temperature of the release medium were investigated on the release profiles of TC. The drug was also released in different simulated biological fluids. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry