cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment for Coronary Heart Disease in a Veteran Population with Spinal Cord Injury

Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) have premature coronary heart disease (CHD). Because of adverse changes in body composition and level of activity, there is an increased prevalence of abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Hypertension appears to occur more frequently in persons with paraplegia. Knowledge of the relative risk of CHD in individuals with SCI would be important in determining appropriate intervention strategies. As such, the conventional risk factors for CHD, as defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III), were determined in a population of 224 veterans with SCI to assign risk to be able to determine target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels for therapeutic intervention. The average age of the patients was 49 ± 15 years, with a mean duration of injury of 17 ± 13 years. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a risk equivalent for CHD, wa...
Clamped in a Straitjacket: The Insertion of Lead into Gasoline

In 1925, shortly after production of tetraethyl lead began, an outbreak of psychosis occurred in all three operating plants, and a number of workers died in acute mania. A temporary moratorium on the production of tetraethyl lead was imposed, and the Public Health Service convened a meeting of scientists, public health officials, and industrial representatives to investigate the safety of the product. This paper reviews the steps leading to the insertion of lead into gasoline, the response of industry to the tragic poisoning, the actions of the public health authorities to investigate the episode, and the forces that resulted in the restoration of the additive to gasoline.
Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial dental monomers and composites

The objective of this study is to synthesize antibacterial methacrylate and methacrylamide monomers and formulate antibacterial fluoride-releasing dental composites. Three antibacterial methacrylate or methacrylamide monomers containing long-chain quaternary ammonium fluoride, 1,2-methacrylamido-N,N,N-trimethyldodecan-1-aminium fluoride (monomer I), N-benzyl-11-(methacryloyloxy)-N,N-dimethylundecan-1-aminium fluoride (monomer II), and methacryloxyldecylpyridinium fluoride (monomer III) have been synthesized and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). The cytotoxicity test and bactericidal test against Streptococcus mutans indicate that antibacterial monomer II is superior to monomers I and III. A series of dental composites containing 0-6% of antibacterial monomer II have been formulated and tested for degree of conversion (DC), flexure strength, water sorption, solubility, and inhibition of S. mutans biofilms. An antibacterial fluoride-releasing dental composite has also been formulated and tested for flexure strength and fluoride release. The dental composite containing 3% of monomer II has a significant effect against S. mutans biofilm formation without major adverse effects on its physical and mechanical properties. The new antibacterial monomers can be used together with the fluoride-releasing monomers containing a ternary zirconiun-fluoride chelate to formulate a new antibacterial fluoride-releasing dental composite. Such a new dental composite is expected to have higher anticaries efficacy and longer service life.
The principle of large deviations for the almost everywhere central limit theorem

Abstract The purpose of the present paper is to prove a principle of large deviations for Brosamler’s functional almost everywhere central limit theorem for i.i.d. random variables on R . This principle of large deviations for the functional almost everywhere central limit theorem naturally implies a principle of large deviations for Brosamler and Schatte’s almost everywhere central limit theorem. Furthermore it implies principles of large deviations for various other almost everywhere limit theorems.
THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF MEN'S AND WOMEN'S JOB SEARCH TIES: MEMBERSHIP IN VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIAL RESOURCES, AND JOB SEARCH OUTCOMES

We address a neglected issue in the literature on social resources by asking how one aspect of the context of searcher-contact ties, shared membership in voluntary organizations, affects social res...
Global behavior via cooperative local control

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we outline important issues in designing real-time controllers for robots with numerous sensors, actuators, and behaviors. We address these issues by implementing a behavior based controller on a sophisticated autonomous robot. Hence, this work provides a point of reference for the scalability, ease of design, and effectiveness of the behavior based control for complex robots. Second, we explore the viability of using cooperation among local controllers to achieve coherent global behavior. Our approach is to decompose a difficult control task for a complex robot into a multitude of simpler control tasks for robotic subsystems. We illustrate and examine the effectiveness of this approach via rough terrain locomotion using an autonomous hexapod robot. Traversing rough terrain is a good task to test the viability of this approach because it requires a considerable amount of leg coordination. We found that implementing a complicated global control task with cooperating local controllers can effectively control complex robots.
Immobilized microbes and a high-rate, continuous waste processor for the production of high Btu gas and the reduction of pollutants.

Microbes capable of degrading organic wastes (sewage) are densely packed (immobilized) within the pores of controlled-pore ceramics. When the ceramic displays the optimum pore range for the reproduction of these microbes, the minimum volume for a very efficient reactor is required. A two-stage, anaerobic, immobilized microbe reactor has been designed, and laboratory-scale units have been constructed. A few of these units have been operated continuously for two years. These reactors were designed for the efficient conversion of carbon to methane in biodegradable molecules and the effective transfer of that gas. The reactors were operated at 20, 30, and 40 degrees C at residence times of 2-5.5 h. The total chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the sewage varied from 800-2600 mg/L. The resulting gas contained greater than 90% methane and less than 5% CO/sub 2/. Approximately 32-54% of the influent total carbon was recovered as methane. The reduction in COD varied from 63 to 89%. (Refs. 6).
Over-the-counter drug advertising in gender oriented popular magazines.

A survey of 111 gender-oriented popular magazines showed that although seventeen more men's magazines than women's were examined, almost seven times as many over-the-counter drug advertisements were found in the latter than in the former. The majority of over-the-counter drug advertisements placed in women's publications centered around the concern for appearance, while the largest number of advertised products found in men's were for stimulants. Stimulants advertised as energizers were frequently merchandised as “look-alikes.” It was suggested that regulatory efforts should be enhanced against the advertising of approved drugs for unapproved purposes. The simulated sun tanning pill was presented as a case in point. Criteria were presented to help the editorial staffs of magazines and consumers to recognize deceptive advertisements, bordering on quackery.
An extended operator trigonometry

The operator trigonometry of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices is extended to arbitrary invertible matrices A and to arbitrary invertible bounded operators A on a Hilbert space. Some background and motivation for these results is provided.
Support points of families of starlike mappings

Abstract The support points are obtained for the class of those analytic functions starlike of order α, m -fold symmetric that are real on (− 1, 1). We also determine the set of support points for the m -fold symmetric analytic functions which are starlike of order α.
Structural and thermal properties of the phase V1−xCr2x3Mx3O2, M = W6+ or Mo6+

Abstract The V 1−x Cr 2x/3 M x/3 O 2 , where M = W 6+ or Mo 6+ , solid solutions have been prepared and studied by x-ray diffraction and DTA methods. Complete crystalline solubility has been found in the system VO 2 /1bCr 2 WO 6 . Four phases with related structures have been reported for V 1− x Cr 2 x 3 W x 3 O 2 , at room temperature, they are respectively monoclinic (M1), monoclinic (M2), rutile (R) and trirutile (TR). Only 33 mole percent Cr 2 MoO 6 dissolves in VO 2 . Two structural transitions from the monoclinic (M1) to the monoclinic (M2) and from the monoclinic (M2) to the rutile (R), have been identified for V 1− x Cr 2 x 3 Mo x 3 O 2 . It is interesting to report here that the T c first decreases, and then increases, with increasing x in both the systems.
Research issues in the study of difficult-to-treat depression.

Recent clinical investigations have revealed that a substantial proportion of patients with depression do not have a satisfactory therapeutic outcome with an initial treatment attempt, or even with subsequent attempts. The preferred outcome is complete symptom remission. In some cases one must accept a clinically significant symptom reduction that is short of full symptom remission. Depression may be difficult to treat because of the nature of the condition itself; factors that interfere with the proper delivery of optimal treatment (such as poor adherence or underdosing); associated concurrent Axis I, II, or III disorders; or the lack of effective treatments. If treatment is optimally delivered and an unsatisfactory outcome occurs, treatment resistance is said to be present. This article reviews critical elements to consider when designing controlled trials of treatments for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Such elements include the definition of treatment resistance, methods to document previous failed treatment trials, selection of appropriate research populations, measurement of relevant clinical outcomes, tactical issues in delivering the experimental treatment (such as dosages and durations), and trial design choices (for example, switching vs. augmentation studies). Careful consideration of these issues should improve the interpretability and generalizability of findings obtained in trials with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.
Almost sure fault tolerance in random graphs

We analyze the PMC [10] model for fault tolerant systems by means of random directed graphs. Previous work has shown that the minimum in-degree of the testing digraph had to exceed the expected number of faulty units (vertices). We show, for much sparser digraphs than those described above, that the asymptotic probability of correct diagnosis of a faulty system tends to 1. Specifically we show that if our directed graph has n vertices, arc probability $p = {{(c\log n)} / n}$ and vertex failure probability $q 1} / {(1 - q)}}$. However, when ${{c < 1} / {(1 - q)}}$ no algorithm can correctly diagnose the system. We present a similar analysis for a family of directed graphs which are not random. We conclude with analogous results for undirected graphs.
The Simulation of CPV Model on Net-Work Products at the Successive Time

Simulated the state of market competition by using simulation software with considering the influence of the product’s compatibility and product’s CPV, providing reasonable suggestions for manufacturers.
The effect of endothelial cell coculture on smooth muscle cell proliferation

Abstract Purpose: Smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth kinetics are often studied in culture without consideration of endothelial cell (EC) influences that occur in vivo. This study examined the time-dependent effect of EC on SMC in a new type of coculture system. Methods: Bovine aortic EC and SMC were harvested from fresh specimens, grown to four passages from primary cultures, and plated on either side of a porous 13 μm thick polyethylene terephthalate membrane. SMC were studied in coculture opposite from confluent EC (EC/SMC). Controls included SMC cultured opposite SMC (SMC/SMC) or SMC alone (with no cells on the opposite side of the membrane, O/SMC). After cocultures were established, SMC were harvested from 1 to 4 days after release from growth arrest ( n = 5 cultures/day/group). SMC DNA and protein content and 3 H-thymidine incorporation were measured in each group. SMC proliferation was indexed by 3 H-thymidine incorporation per cellular DNA content. Results: EC stimulated SMC proliferation 56% more than SMC/SMC cultures and 244% more than SMC alone on day 1 after growth arrest ( p p Conclusions: This coculture method has several useful features, including an appropriate luminal/abluminal EC/SMC orientation, a short distance between the cell layers, the potential for cell-to-cell contact, and the ability to separate the cell types for assays. It is clear that EC markedly affect SMC proliferation, protein/DNA ratio, and structure in coculture with dynamic interactions occurring for at least 4 days. These effects must be considered when attempting to model in vivo phenomena in tissue culture. (J VASC SURG 1993;17:1058-68.)
Weighted Essentially Non-oscillatory Schemes on Triangular Meshes

In this paper we construct high-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes on two-dimensional unstructured meshes (triangles) in the finite volume formulation. We present third-order schemes using a combination of linear polynomials and fourth-order schemes using a combination of quadratic polynomials. Numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the accuracies and robustness of the methods for shock calculations.
Patronage and the Party of Power: President–Parliament Relations Under Vladimir Putin

During the two terms of Vladimir Putin's presidency, Russia has created an authoritarian dominant party regime. In such a regime, the party and state are closely intertwined. The party uses its acc...
A note on the first-order Born approximation for scattering by defects in crystals

Abstract The shortcomings of Moriya's treatment of scattering from a defect in a crystal are pointed out. Consistent with the limitations of the first-order Born approxim-ation, the correct analysis for the scattering problem is given.
Proton Activation of Indium and Cadmium

Indium activated by 7.2-Mev protons exhibits two activities, one due to ${\mathrm{In}}^{115*}$ and one due to ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{113}$. The other two activities previously reported have been shown to be due to impurities. ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{113}$ has a half-life of about 100 days and decays by $K$-electron capture emitting In $K$ x-rays. An active In of 105\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 min. half-life with a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray of 0.39 Mev has been chemically separated from an aged ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{113}$ sample. An exactly similar In has been formed by proton bombardment of Cd which suggests the assignment of this activity to an excited state of stable ${\mathrm{In}}^{113}$. The absence of Cd $K$ x-rays indicates that ${\mathrm{In}}^{113*}$ decays to ${\mathrm{In}}^{113}$ with the emission of the 0.39-Mev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray. In addition bombarded Cd shows the expected In isotopes ${\mathrm{In}}^{111}$ 20 min. (+), ${\mathrm{In}}^{114}$ 48 days (-) and ${\mathrm{In}}^{116}$ 54 min. (-). A positron emitter of 65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 min. half-life with a maximum positron energy of 1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 Mev is found and tentatively assigned to ${\mathrm{In}}^{110}$. Activities of 72 sec. (-) and 2.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 days (-) the latter accompanied by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays of 170 and 250 kev are ascribed to isomeric states of ${\mathrm{In}}^{112}$.
Velocity measurements in a research combustor part 1: Isothermal swirling flow

Abstract An experimental investigation of isothermal swirling flow was conducted in a model of a coaxial dump combustor. A free-vortex swirler was designed and fabricated to impart swirl to the flow. A two-component Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) system was used to obtain measurements of the three-dimensional flowfield. A detailed database is provided to facilitate development of turbulence closure models capable of accurate prediction of swirling recirculating flows. The results showed that swirl significantly modified the characteristics of the combustor flowfield and greatly enhanced turbulent mixing.
Education and the earnings disparities between black and white men: A comparison of professionals in the public and private sectors

Abstract Using regression adjusted earnings relatives, this research provides a quantitative examination of the impact of college education on the earnings of black and white professionals employed in the public and private sectors. Three principle findings emerge: first, there is strong evidence that college education is an equally valuable investment for both white and black menregardless of sector of employment; second, there exist important differences between the intrasector earnings of college-educated black and white professionals; and third, comparisons of intergroup earnings reveal that earnings discrimination continues to be a distinguishing feature of private sector labor markets. The evidence is broadly consistentg with the hypothesis that the public sector provides comparable earnings to equally skilled black and white professionals, implying that the public sector may be characterized by an absence of the earnings discrmination faced by college-educated black professionals in the private sector.
Interactive Polyhedral Outer Approximation (IPOA) strategy for general multiobjective optimization problems

We propose an interactive polyhedral outer approximation (IPOA) method to solve a broad class of multiobjective optimization problems (MOP) with, possibly, nonlinear and nondifferentiable objective and constraint functions, and with continuous or discrete decision variables. During the interactive optimization phase, the method progressively constructs a polyhedral approximation of the decision-maker’s (DM’s) unknown preference structure and a polyhedral outer-approximation of the feasible set of MOP. The piecewise linear approximation of the DM’s preferences also provides a mechanism for testing the consistency of the DM’s assessments and removing inconsistencies; it also allows post-optimality analysis. All the feasible trial solutions are non-dominated (efficient, or Pareto-optimal) so preference assessments are made in the context of non-dominated alternatives only. Upper and lower bounds on the yet unknown optimal value are produced at every iteration, allowing terminating the search prematurely at a good-enough solution and providing information about the closeness of this solution to the optimal solution. The IPOA method includes a preliminary phase in which a limited probe of the efficient set is conducted in order to find a good initial trial solution for the interactive phase. The computational requirements of the algorithm are relatively simple. The results of an extensive computational study are reported.
DYNAMIC ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MARINE POLLUTION PREVENTION TECHNOLOGIES: AN APPLICATION TO DOUBLE HULLS AND ELECTRONIC CHARTS

Marine pollution associated with shipping accidents has resulted in a Congressional mandate for double hulls on tankers in U.S. waters. In this paper, we formulate a social planner's problem using optimal control theory to examine the relative cost-effectiveness of double hulls and alternative pollution prevention technologies, and the optimal installation strategy for such technologies. The model encompasses the costs and benefits associated with shipping operations, damage to the marine environment, and investment in each technology. A computer simulation of the model is used to evaluate investment strategies for two technological options: double hulls and electronic chart systems. Results indicate that electronic charts may be a far more cost-effective approach to marine pollution control.
Autonomic drug effects after chronic lowering of ocular cholinergic input. I. Pupillary responses.

ABSTRACT Cholinergic input to the anterior segment of the eye was chronically lowered by ciliary ganglionectomy in cats. Experimental eyes developed supersensitivity to the miotic effects of pilocarpine. In addition, these parasympathetically denervated eyes exhibited a moderate subsensitivity to the mydriatic effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol. Iris preparations accordingly afford the unique opportunity to study the two opposite extremes of normal drug sensitivity simultaneously in the same tissue.
The biomechanics of varied proximal locking screw configurations in a synthetic model of proximal third tibial fracture fixation.

Objective To determine if 1) angularly stable devices created by compressing ("locking") proximal locking screws to intramedullary nails using end caps or compression screws or 2) increasing the number of proximal screws from two to three increases the stiffness of intramedullary constructs that stabilize proximal third tibia fractures in a nonosteopenic bone model. Methods Four proximal locking screw configurations were examined in a synthetic composite tibia model with a 2-cm gap simulating a comminuted proximal third tibia fracture with no bony contact: 1) two proximal screws not compressed to the nail; 2) one of two proximal screws compressed to the nail; 3) two proximal screws compressed to the nail; and 4) three proximal screws with only the most proximal screw compressed to the nail. An 11-mm tibial nail with two distal locking screws was used. Stiffness was measured in axial and torsional loading. An analysis of variance was performed to compare results of the screw configurations for each testing mode. Results Compressing two screws to the nail produced 22% to 39% greater (P ≤ 0.01) axial and 16% to 29% greater (P ≤ 0.03) torsional stiffness than securing neither or only one of the screws. Adding a third proximal transverse locking screw increased the axial stiffness by 28% (P = 0.005) and the torsional stiffness by 15% to 28% (P ≤ 0.04) compared with using two oblique proximal screws. Conclusions "Locking" two proximal locking screws to the nail through compression or adding a third proximal screw increases the axial and torsional stiffness of intramedullary nails used to fix unstable proximal third tibia fractures.
Inhibition of phosphoglucose isomerase allozymes from the wing polymorphic waterstrider, Limnoporus canaliculatus, by pentose shunt metabolites

Inhibition of phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) allozymes from the wing-polymorphic waterstrider, Limnoporus canaliculatus, by three pentose-shunt metabolites was studied at several different temperatures. This was done to determine if the allozymes exhibited a differential ability to participate in lipid biosynthesis via differential partitioning of carbon flux through the pentose shunt versus glycolysis. 6-Phosphogluconate and erythrose-4-phosphate proved to be strong competitive inhibitors of PGI, while sedoheptulose-7-phosphate was a very weak inhibitor. The PGI allozymes from L. canaliculatus were differentially inhibited by 6-phosphogluconate at two of the three temperatures studied. However, this property does not appear to be an adaptive difference between the allozymes but, rather, a correlated effect resulting from variation in substrate binding. Estimates of reaction rates for the allozymes indicate that the differences in inhibition result in no detectable differences in reaction velocities. Thus, no evidence in support of the hypothesis that PGI allozymes from Limnoporus canaliculatus were adapted to function in different metabolic capacities via differential inhibition was obtained in this study. However, the importance of this characteristic in allozymic adaptation in natural populations remains an open question.
A statistical analysis of positional errors of a multiaxis machine tool

Abstract This paper addresses one of the most fundamental problems in precision engineering: machine tool repeatability. The paper presents a synthesis and transformation method for the prediction of accuracy and repeatability of any kinematic machines based on the error information in each axis, which can be measured by using a measurement device such as laser interferometer. It also introduces a procedure to calculate the probability of positioning errors, with a specified limit. based on the homogeneous transformation method in conjunction with a statistical synthesis technique for mean and variance composition. An example shows the actual calculation of probability curve with respect to different tolerance values.
Ethnic Communities and Ethnic Organizations Reconsidered: South‐East Asians and Eastern Europeans in Chicago

A major debate continues about whether immigrants receive benefits by virtue of their attachment to ethnic communities and ethnic organizations. On one side of the controversy, a large body of literature suggests that the ethnic community, which often contains resources that promote immigrants’ adaptation and assimilation, actually hinders adaptation because the resources of mainstream institutions are less accessible to immigrants (often because they are also minorities). On the opposite side of the argument, critics contend that the ethnic solidarity school emphasizes the positive effects of ethnic communities and ethnic organizations on immigrant populations, while ignoring many of the negative consequences of migrants’ involvement in ethnic groups and ethnic institutions. The purpose of this article is to reconsider whether ethnic communities and ethnic institutions facilitate immigrants’ socio-economic adaptation. Specifically, the study analyses the impact of ethnic organizations on public assistance utilization among South-East Asian and Eastern European refugees in the Chicago metropolitan area in the late 1980s. The paper proceeds in five stages. As a background to the overall study, the literature on ethnic communities and ethnic organizations is reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of the development of mutual assistance associations (MAAs) in the US. Third is a concise description of the data and methods. Fourth is a presentation of the results. The article concludes with an assessment of the implications of the findings and suggestions for future research.
Intron within the large rRNA gene of N. crassa mitochondria: A long open reading frame and a consensus sequence possibly important in splicing

We describe the sequence of the 2295 nucleotide long intron and 245 nucleotides of the flanking exon sequences within the large (24S) rRNA gene of Neurospora crassa mitochondria. The intron contains a long open reading frame, which could correspond to ribosomal protein S5. Comparison with the corresponding intron of the large rRNA gene of yeast mitochondria reveals a single highly homologous 57 nucleotide long sequence, including the sequence (formula; see text), which is present in virtually all the sequenced introns of yeast, Aspergillus nidulans and Zea mays mitochondrial genes, and which may be important for their processing. Sequences closely related to this consensus sequence are also present within all four of the introns of nuclear rRNA genes which have been sequenced. The intron is located within a highly conserved region of the large rRNA sequence and at exactly the same site as in the corresponding introns in yeast mitochondria and also in Physarum polycephalum nuclei.
Cross generation lead ingestion : behavioral and physiological effects in mice

We examined some developmental and behavioral sequelae of exposing Binghamton Heterogeneous Stock (HET) mice to a 0.5% aqueous lead acetate solution (as the only available fluid source) for either none, one, two, or three generations. Lead exposure, regardless of generation, resulted in decreased body weight and a delay in age of first eye opening relative to controls, but did not delay home nest return latencies. Drinking the lead solution, across two and three successive generations, resulted in a marked and apparently cumulative decrease in pup viability, as well as an increase in dam fatality rates. However, no such cumulative or residual effects were observed on the behavioral activity of those mice who managed to survive. Perhaps a selection effect for lead-tolerant mice occurred in the present study; such an effect could account for the apparent lack of cumulative and residual behavioral effects.
The evolution of lethal intergroup violence

Recent findings and analyses in evolutionary biology, archaeology, and ethnology provide a favorable conjuncture for examining the evolution of lethal intergroup violence among hominids during the 2.9-million-year Paleolithic time span. Here, I seek to identify and investigate the main turning points in this evolutionary trajectory and to delineate the periodization that follows from this inquiry.
The dit amoureux and the Makars: An Essay on The Kingis Quair and The Testament of Cresseid

A number of major Scots texts in the later Middle Ages partake of a mode of high courtly narrative, Lewis’s allegory of love, what in French studies is now called the dit amoureux or ‘tale of love.’ The article discusses the first two tales of love in the grand manner — The Kingis Quair and The Testament of Cresseid — relating them to well known works by Guillaume de Machaut, Jean Froissart, and, in Henryson’s case, Alain Chartier and the Belle Dame sans Mercy Cycle. The dit amoureux , with its wit, play, complexity, and ambiguity, proves to be one of the genres most congenial to the Makars. It can help situate Scots texts in their cultural milieu and also help account for their extraordinary complexity and maturity as works of art.
Detection of Stop Bar Traffic Flow State

Traffic signal systems can be more effective if high-quality performance measures are available. However, these performance measurement methodologies require more detection than exists in standard signal systems. One useful performance measure would be the traffic flow state at the intersection (e.g., static queue, discharging queue, free flow). This paper develops and tests a method for detection of the state of real-time traffic flow by interpreting patterns of signal status and traffic flow conditions measured by stop bar detectors. This paper proposes a widely available algorithm to create a model in the form of a decision tree that is calibrated to translate these states from traffic operation and signal control patterns. The tree was calibrated with microscopic simulation data and validated with independent simulation and manually extracted field data sets. Test results indicated that the traffic flow states detection methodology performed well and could be efficiently developed on large data sets.
Transcriptional Silencing Is Defined by Isoform- and Heterodimer-Specific Interactions between Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Corepressors

Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-regulated transcription factors that play critical roles in metazoan homeostasis, development, and reproduction. Many nuclear hormone receptors exhibit bimodal transcriptional properties and can either repress or activate the expression of a given target gene. Repression appears to require a physical interaction between a receptor and a corepressor complex containing the SMRT/TRAC or N-CoR/RIP13 polypeptides. We wished to better elucidate the rules governing the association of receptors with corepressors. We report here that different receptors interact with different domains in the SMRT and N-CoR corepressors and that these divergent interactions may therefore contribute to distinct repression phenotypes. Intriguingly, different isoforms of a single nuclear hormone receptor class also differ markedly in their interactions with corepressors, indicative of their nonidentical actions in cellular regulation. Finally, we present evidence that combinatorial interactions between different receptors can, through the formation of heterodimeric receptors, result in novel receptor-corepressor interactions not observed for homomeric receptors.
Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) for MEMS: processes and applications

In this paper we discuss newly developed microfabrication methods for liquid crystal polymer (LCP). LCP is a thermoplastic polymer made of aligned molecule chains with crystal-like spatial regularity. It exhibits unique electrical, physical and chemical properties, making it suitable for certain MEMS applications. MEMS-compatible fabrication processes such as metallization, plasma bulk etching and thermal bonding have been developed in our work. We demonstrated two micro sensor applications involving the LCP material.
Optimization of thermal fly-height control slider geometry for Tbit/in 2 recording

Magnetic storage advances including thermal fly-height control (TFC) technology were able to reduce the clearance between the read/write elements of the slider and the disk surface to increase the recording density of hard disk drives without compromising the stability of the head–disk interface (HDI). Sliders employing TFC technology are designed for flying recording and can yield clearances of few nanometers. However, it is estimated that TFC technology alone cannot provide the even smaller clearances necessary to achieve Tbit/in2 recording densities primarily due to the presence of instability-inducing vibrations at the HDI. In this work we perform optimization of the geometry of TFC technology sliders to achieve extremely high-density recording. We propose a flyability parameter coupled with a dynamic, contact mechanics-based friction model of the HDI that accounts for TFC geometry and its influence on the HDI dynamics. Optimization results are analyzed and an operating actuation range is identified that can yield Tbit/in2 recording densities with Angstrom-level clearance and minimized vibrations while also accounting for manufacturing and operational tolerances. This allows for light (lubricant) contact or ‘surfing’ recording. The proposed methodology can be used to reduce wear at the interface and investigate the feasibility of contact recoding.
Structure and Aanalysis of the Eye of a Numerically Simulated Tropical Cyclone

A tropical cyclone has been simulated in a qu , druply nested mesh model with finest grid resolution of about S km. At the center of the vol1ex, a compact eye was maintained. Azimuthal means as well as asymmetry of the ye and the eye wall !,tructure are de
Size of the visual field in collegiate fast-pitch softball players and nonathletes.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether visual-field size differed between female Division I collegiate fast-pitch Softball players and female college students who were nonathletes. The re...
Yersinia pestis can reside in autophagosomes and avoid xenophagy in murine macrophages by preventing vacuole acidification

Yersinia pestis survives and replicates in phagosomes of murine macrophages. Previous studies demonstrated that Y. pestis-containing vacuoles (YCVs) acquire markers of late endosomes or lysosomes in naive macrophages and that this bacterium can survive in macrophages activated with the cytokine gamma interferon. An autophagic process known as xenophagy, which destroys pathogens in acidic autophagolysosomes, can occur in naive macrophages and is upregulated in activated macrophages. Studies were undertaken here to investigate the mechanism of Y. pestis survival in phagosomes of naive and activated macrophages and to determine if the pathogen avoids or co-opts autophagy. Colocalization of the YCV with markers of autophagosomes or acidic lysosomes and the pH of the YCV were determined by microscopic imaging of infected macrophages. Some YCVs contained double membranes characteristic of autophagosomes, as determined by electron microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy showed that ∼40% of YCVs colocalized with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3, a marker of autophagic membranes, and that YCVs failed to acidify below pH 7 in naive macrophages. Replication of Y. pestis in naive macrophages caused accumulation of LC3-II, as determined by immunoblotting. While activation of infected macrophages increased LC3-II accumulation, it decreased the percentage of GFP-LC3-positive YCVs (∼30%). A viable count assay showed that Y. pestis survived equally well in macrophages proficient for autophagy and macrophages rendered deficient for this process by Cre-mediated deletion of ATG5, revealing that this pathogen does not require autophagy for intracellular replication. We conclude that although YCVs can acquire an autophagic membrane and accumulate LC3-II, the pathogen avoids xenophagy by preventing vacuole acidification.
Isolation and characterization of an enzyme from sheep seminal vesicles that catalyzes the glutathione-dependent prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin F2α

An enzyme which catalyzes the direct 2-electron reduction of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin F2 alpha has been purified from the microsomes of sheep seminal vesicles. This enzyme, called prostaglandin endoperoxide reductase, was found to be a monomer of 16,500 molecular mass. The activity of the enzyme was dependent on reduced glutathione, enhanced by heat-treatment, and inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The enzyme is not a glutathione S-transferase nor does it utilize prostaglandin D2 as a substrate, and thus is distinct from previously characterized prostaglandin F2 alpha biosynthetic enzymes. The protein also catalyzes the reduction of cumene hydroperoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide. Thus, this microsomal prostaglandin endoperoxide reductase may play an important role in the synthesis of prostaglandin F2 alpha in some tissues.
Robust Reduced-Order Compensation of Some Discrete Nonlinear Systems

A robust reduced order compensation scheme is presented for a class of discrete-time nonlinear control systems.
Partial skeleton of Theropithecus brumpti (Primates, Cercopithecidae) from the Chemeron Formation of the Tugen Hills, Kenya.

Here we describe a complete skull and partial skeleton of a large cercopithecoid monkey (KNM-TH 46700) discovered in the Chemeron Formation of the Tugen Hills at BPRP Site #152 (2.63 Ma). Associated with the skeleton was a mandible of an infant cercopithecoid (KNM-TH 48364), also described here. KNM-TH 46700 represents an aged adult female of Theropithecus brumpti, a successful Pliocene papionin taxon better known from the Omo Shungura Formation in Ethiopia and sites east and west of Lake Turkana, Kenya. While the morphology of male T. brumpti is well-documented, including a partial skeleton with both cranial and postcranial material, the female T. brumpti morphotype is not well-known. This skeleton represents some of the first associated evidence of cranial and postcranial female T. brumpti remains. In addition to the complete skull, postcranial material includes elements of the axial skeleton and lower limb. While aspects of the skeleton conform to those of specimens previously assigned to T. brumpti, other features on the femur and tibia appear to differ from those previously described for this species. It is unclear whether these differences represent general variation within the T. brumpti population, variation between the sexes in T. brumpti, or the incorrect assignment of previous isolated hindlimb specimens. In total, the observable morphological features of the hindlimb suggest that KNM-TH 46700 was a terrestrial quadruped similar to modern savannah baboons (Papio). From the available evidence, it is difficult to assess whether or not KNM-TH 46700 frequently engaged in the specialized squatting and shuffling behavior observed in extant geladas (Theropithecus gelada).
The Leveling of Organizational Culture Egalitarianism in Critical Postmodern Organization Theory

Critical postmodern organization theory posits the increasing rationalization of organizational life as a threat to individual choice and well-being. Organizational knowledge is seen as a carrier o...
Effects of fast secondary electrons to low-voltage electron beam lithography

In 1981 A. N. Broers suggested that the spatial limit of direct writing electron beam lithography (DWEBL) would be limited to ~10 nm by the laterally scattered fast secondary electrons (FSE) even in atomically thin resist. One possible solution to this restriction would be to use low- or ultralow-energy electrons. Experiments and simulations have been carried out to quantify the contribution of FSE to the energy deposition that results in exposure of the resist over high-beam energies. To examine the effects of FSE on low-voltage operations, studies of electron-beam lithography (EBL) in the low- to ultralow-energy range, employing commonly used resists such as PMMA, were performed, and the results were compared to those from conventional high-voltage processing. DWEBL was performed in a Schottky field emission gun scanning electron microscope (SEM), used in cathode-lens mode for ultralow-voltage operation. The exposure characteristics and sensitivity of the system at these energies have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulation methods. Saturation doses were calculated at low energies, which would give a useful condition to target for routine exposure because it ensures the critical dimensions will not be affected by any random changes in beam intensity.
Effect of halothane on conventional protein kinase C translocation and down-regulation in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes.

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key regulatory enzyme that has been implicated as a molecular target for the action of general anaesthetics. We have determined the effects of halothane on the translocation and down-regulation of conventional PKC (cPKC) by analysing the subcellular distribution of PKC activity, [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding and PKC immunoreactivity in intact rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes, a subcellular fraction that contains functional nerve terminals. Halothane alone (2.4 vol%) reduced membrane-associated (P
BRANCH: boosting RNA-Seq assemblies with partial or related genomic sequences

Motivation: De novo transcriptome assemblies of RNA-Seq data are important for genomics applications of unsequenced organisms. Owing to the complexity and often incomplete representation of transcripts in sequencing libraries, the assembly of high-quality transcriptomes can be challenging. However, with the rapidly growing number of sequenced genomes, it is now feasible to improve RNA-Seq assemblies by guiding them with genomic sequences. Results: This study introduces BRANCH, an algorithm designed for improving de novo transcriptome assemblies by using genomic information that can be partial or complete genome sequences from the same or a related organism. Its input includes assembled RNA reads (transfrags), genomic sequences (e.g. contigs) and the RNA reads themselves. It uses a customized version of BLAT to align the transfrags and RNA reads to the genomic sequences. After identifying exons from the alignments, it defines a directed acyclic graph and maps the transfrags to paths on the graph. It then joins and extends the transfrags by applying an algorithm that solves a combinatorial optimization problem, called the Minimum weight Minimum Path Cover with given Paths. In performance tests on real data from Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, assisted by genomic contigs from the same species, BRANCH improved the sensitivity and precision of transfrags generated by Velvet/Oases or Trinity by 5.1–56.7% and 0.3–10.5%, respectively. These improvements added 3.8–74.1% complete transcripts and 8.3–3.8% proteins to the initial assembly. Similar improvements were achieved when guiding the BRANCH processing of a transcriptome assembly from a more complex organism (mouse) with genomic sequences from a related species (rat). Availability: The BRANCH software can be downloaded for free from
Tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity suggestive of severe pulmonary hypertension.

A 73-YEAR-OLD WOMAN suffered a cardiac arrest in the emergency department waiting room. After prompt resuscitation and admission to the coronary care unit, coronary angiography showed critical stenosis of the left main and left circumflex arteries. An intra-aortic balloon pump was placed, a heparin infusion was initiated, and the patient was brought for urgent coronary artery bypass grafting. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed the unexpected finding of near-systemic right ventricular systolic pressure by tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity on continuous wave Doppler. Midesophageal 4-chamber (Fig 1), midesophageal right ventricular inflowoutflow, and transgastric right ventricular inflow (Fig 2) views revealed a moderate tricuspid regurgitation jet with maximum velocity of 4.88 m/sec, which predicts a right ventricular
Anomalous tie plate detection for railroad inspection

This paper describes our latest work on identifying anomalous tie plates to automate railroad inspection using machine vision technology. Specifically, we have developed a completely automatic detection scheme to recognize tie plates with anomalous spiking patterns using various video analytics. In particular, each tie plate is first represented by four characteristic regions-of-interest (ROI), then each ROI is fed into a pre-trained SVM (Support Vector Machine) model, and classified to be either spike- or spike hole-related. Next, the dissimilarity between the current tie plate and a reference set of tie plates in a sliding window is measured and analyzed. Based on that, it is finally recognized as either an anomalous or a normal tie plate. Preliminary experiments conducted on a set of videos captured by our own designed imaging system, has achieved an average precision, recall and false alarm rates of 88%, 92.8% and 2.16%, respectively. This validates the promising direction of applying machine vision technology to assist in railroad inspection.
Gay and Lesbian Students in Catholic High Schools: A Qualitative Study of Alumni Narratives

The Catholic Magisterium has made a distinction between homosexual orientation (disordered but not sinful), homosexual activity (sinful, but judged “with prudence”), rights of gay and lesbian people, and the Church’s pastoral responsibilities to gay and lesbian people. Both the Vatican and the American bishops have clearly stated that the topic of homosexuality must be addressed in Catholic education, but the emphases on how it is addressed differ between the Vatican (emphasis on finding causes and cures) and the American bishops (providing pastoral care and inclusion). This article deals with the experiences of gay and lesbian youth in Catholic high schools. It is based on in-depth interviews with 25 (12 female and 13 male) gay and lesbian alumni who attended Catholic high schools in the 1980s and 1990s. What emerged is a theme of “disintegration.” Things simply did not fit together in their lives in the areas of family, peers, school, spirituality, and identity. This is in stark contrast with Catholic teaching, which proposes that the purpose of Catholic education is the integration of all these areas.