cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The characteristic polynomials of structures with pending bonds

It is well known [1] that the calculation of characteristic polynomials of graphs of interest in Chemistry which are of any size is usually extremely tedious except for graphs having a vertex of degree 1. This is primarily because of numerous combinations of contributions whether they were arrived at by non-imaginative expansion of the secular determinant or by the use of some of the available graph theoretical schemes based on the enumeration of partial coverings of a graph, etc. An efficient and quite general technique is outlined here for compounds that have pending bonds (i.e., bonds which have a terminal vertex). We have extended here the step-wise pruning of pending bonds developed for acyclic structures by one of the authors [2] for elegant evaluation of the characteristic polynomials of trees by accelerating this process, treating pending group as a unit. Further, it is demonstrated that this generalized pruning technique can be applied not only to trees but to cyclic and polycyclic graphs of any size. This technique reduces the secular determinant to a considerable extent. The present technique cannot handle only polycyclic structures that have no pending bonds. However, frequently such structures can be reduced to a combination of polycyclic graphs with pending bonds [3] so that the present scheme is applicable to these structures too. Thus we have arrived at an efficient and quite a simple technique for the construction of the characteristic polynomials of graphs of any size.
Role of computational chemistry in support of hazard identification (ID): mechanism-based SARs

A mechanism-based structure-activity relationship (SAR) study examines the structural basis for a chemical/biological activity by targeting a single or a few stages in a postulated mechanism of action. Computational chemistry approaches provide a valuable complement to experiment for probing such associations, but require a highly focused viewpoint that neglects much of the full biological and chemical interaction problem. Research questions are formulated in terms of fundamental structure and reactivity properties and are designed to test key assumptions of a postulated mechanism of activity. The results of such studies can aid in the generation of new hypotheses, suggest new experiments, and provide scientific rationale for extrapolation in hazard identification (ID). Toxicologists and computational chemists bring very different, yet complementary viewpoints, approaches, and expertise to bear on the hazard ID problem. However, improved communication and interaction between these two groups is needed to most productively address hazard ID issues.
Protein Kinase C and Calcineurin Synergize to Activate IκB Kinase and NF-κB in T Lymphocytes

The nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that is key in the regulation of the immune response and inflammation. T cell receptor (TCR) cross-linking is in part required for activation of NF-kappaB, which is dependent on the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. By using Jurkat and primary human T lymphocytes, we demonstrate that the simultaneous activation of two second messengers of the TCR-initiated signal transduction, protein kinase C (PKC) and calcineurin, results in the synergistic activation of the IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK) complex but not of another putative IkappaBalpha kinase, p90(rsk). We also demonstrate that the IKK complex, but not p90(rsk), is responsible for the in vivo phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha mediated by the co-activation of PKC and calcineurin. Each second messenger is necessary, as inhibition of either one reverses the activation of the IKK complex and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation in vivo. Overexpression of dominant negative forms of IKKalpha and -beta demonstrates that only IKKbeta is the target for PKC and calcineurin. These results indicate that within the TCR/CD3 signal transduction pathway both PKC and calcineurin are required for the effective activation of the IKK complex and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Ink‐Jet Printing: A Versatile Method for Multilayer Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabrication

The potential of ink-jet printing for fabrication of components for solid oxide fuel cells has been explored. An anode interlayer, consisting of a composite of NiO and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and an electrolyte layer, YSZ (8 mol%), were ink-jet printed on a tape cast anode support, 55 wt% NiO-45 wt% YSZ (8 mol%). Scanning electron microscopy of the printed layers sintered at 1400°C revealed a dense electrolyte layer measuring 10-12 μm in thickness. Single cells using these printed layers and strontium-doped lanthanum manganate (LSM, L 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 )-based pasted cathodes were assessed by DC polarization and AC complex impedance methods. The cells exhibited a stable open circuit voltage of 1.1 V around 800°C, in a hydrogen atmosphere. A maximum power density of 500 m · (W · cm) -2 was achieved at 850°C for a typical cell with the electrolyte and anode interlayer cosintered at 1400°C. A composite cathode interlayer, LSM-YSZ, and a cathode current collection layer, LSM, were also ink-jet printed and incorporated in single cells. However, cells with all components ink-jet printed showed decreased performance. This pointed to critical issues in the composite cathode microstructure, which is controlled by the composite ink design/formulation and printing parameters that need to be addressed.
The gender gap in possible selves: Divergence of academic self-views among high school and university students

Two studies were designed to investigate the current and possible academic self-views of university and high school students. In the first study, upper level university students were shown to diverge by gender in their current- and possible-self-views. Women reported more ability for and identification with the arts, communication, and social sciences; men reported more ability for and identification with mathematics, science, technology, and business. Gender differences were greater with respect to possible future selves than to current selves. The second study included lower and upper level university students as well as high school students. Again, a gender divergence appeared among the university students; however, it was not as marked among high school students. Analyses showed that both women and men differed significantly across educational levels in their self-ratings and that, within the masculine-stereotyped academic domains linked to powerful careers, university women endorsed fewer possibilities for themselves that high school women did. These findings suggest that, as they make the transition from high school to university, young women may be actively closing off possibilities for their futures.
Endothelial cell culture model of carotid artery atherosclerosis

Atherosclerotic lesions form non-randomly at locations in bends and bifurcations where the local flow can be classified as ‘disturbed flow’ and is associated with low shear stress oscillatory or reciprocating flow. Endothelial cells in vivo are constantly exposed to mechanical stimulation due to hemodynamic loading in the form of pulsatile pressure, cyclic stretch and shear stress to maintain phenotype and control function. In conditions like atherosclerosis, the pressure and strain loading remains the same whereas the local fluid flow behavior and shear stress are altered. Common in vitro models of atherosclerosis focus primarily on shear stress without accounting for pressure and strain loading. To overcome this limitation, we used our microfluidic Endothelial Cell Culture Model (ECCM) to achieve accurate replication of pressure, strain and shear stress waveforms associated with both normal flow seen in straight sections of arteries and disturbed flow seen atherosclerosis lesion susceptible regions. We specifically recreated mechanical stresses associated with the proximal internal carotid which is a major risk factor for stroke. Cells cultured using both conditions show distinct differences in alignment and cytoskeletal organization. In summary we recreated pressure, stretch and shear stress loading seen in straight sections and in the proximal internal carotid in a cell culture compatible platform.
Clinical decision making in behavioral supervision: “… And how does that make you feel?”

This article describes the application of a problem-solving model to the process of supervision, specifically focusing on the issue of problems related to discussions of emotional reactions to patients. The problem-solving model encompasses five key processes: problem orientation, problem definition and formulation, generation of alternatives, decision making, and solution implementation and verification. To illustrate this process, a beginning supervisor applies the model to her supervision of a student therapist working with chronically ill patients.
High-resolutions cars measurement of Raman linewidths of H2

Abstract High-resolution coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) has been perfomed in hydrogen gas using a cw system. Accurate measurements of the Raman linewidths of the Q(0) through Q(3) transitions of molecular hydrogen have been made at pressures ranging from 0.75 to 40 atm at room temperature. The pressure-broadening coefficients determined for these lines are important in analytic and diagnostic applications of CARS in high-pressure media.
Critical pressure and multiphase flow in Blake Ridge gas hydrates

We use core porosity, consolidation experiments, pressure core sampler data, and capillary pressure measurements to predict water pressures that are 70% of the lithostatic stress, and gas pressures that equal the lithostatic stress beneath the methane hydrate layer at Ocean Drilling Program Site 997, Blake Ridge, offshore North Carolina. A 29-m-thick interconnected free-gas column is trapped beneath the low-permeability hydrate layer. We propose that lithostatic gas pressure is dilating fractures and gas is migrating through the methane hydrate layer. Overpressured gas and water within methane hydrate reservoirs limit the amount of free gas trapped and may rapidly export methane to the seafloor.
Collective Modes of a Helical Liquid

We study low energy collective modes and transport properties of the "helical metal" on the surface of a topological insulator. At low energies, electrical transport and spin dynamics at the surface are exactly related by an operator identity equating the electric current to the in-plane components of the spin degrees of freedom. From this relation it follows that an undamped spin wave always accompanies the sound mode in the helical metal-thus it is possible to "hear" the sound of spins. In the presence of long range Coulomb interactions, the surface plasmon mode is also coupled to the spin wave, giving rise to a hybridized "spin-plasmon" mode. We make quantitative predictions for the spin-plasmon in Bi2Se3, and discuss its detection in a spin-grating experiment.
Treatment of superficial and perforator venous incompetence without deep venous insufficiency: is routine perforator ligation necessary?

Abstract Purpose We investigated whether routine ligation of incompetent perforator veins is necessary in treatment of symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) due to combined superficial and perforator vein incompetence, without deep venous insufficiency. Methods This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Twenty-four limbs with both superficial and perforator venous incompetence but no deep venous insufficiency were identified at venous duplex scanning. Air plethysmography (APG) was performed preoperatively, to obtain venous volume (VV), venous filling index (VFI), ejection fraction (EF), and residual volume fraction (RVF) of the affected limb. Saphenous vein stripping from the groin to knee and powered transilluminated phlebectomy for varicosity ablation were performed in all patients. Postoperatively, all patients underwent duplex scanning and APG to determine the status of the perforator veins and hemodynamic improvement from surgery. Results Average patient age was 55.8 years; 62% of patients were women. CVI was class 3 in 4 limbs, class 4 in 12 limbs, and class 5 and class 6 in 4 limbs each. Postoperative duplex scans demonstrated that 71% of previously incompetent perforator vessels were now competent or absent. Significant improvement in all APG values was documented after superficial surgery. VFI improved from 6.0 ± 2.9 preoperatively to 2.2 ± 1.3 after surgery ( P P = .02); and RVF improved from 40.1 ± 19 to 28.3 ± 18 ( P = .009). Mean preoperative symptom score (5.3 ± 1.9) was significantly improved at mean follow-up of 18.3 months (1.4 ± 1.2; P Conclusion Patients with superficial and perforator vein incompetence and a normal deep venous system experienced significant improvement in APG-measured hemodynamic parameters and clinical symptom score after superficial ablative surgery alone. This suggests that ligation of the perforator veins can be reserved for patients with persistent incompetent perforator vessels, with abnormal hemodynamic parameters or continued symptoms after superficial ablative surgery.
Transformative Complicity and Cultural Humility: De- and Re-Constructing Higher Education Mentorship for Under-represented Groups

The American Sociological Association, academic administrators, and underrepresented faculty have voiced serious concerns about higher education exclusionary practices for more than a decade. A perspective called “home ethnography” is introduced as a methodological tool for understanding the situation of under-represented faculty. This home ethnographic study discusses doctoral trajectories in elite American university social science and social service programs. Varied mentorship sources and reactive/pro-active strategies of under-represented academics are analyzed through the lens of the social work codes of ethics and the alignment between the explicit and the implicit curriculum. The counterpoints and contradictions arising in mentor/mentee relationships, even within presumed similarities of ethnic identity, are addressed from critical feminist, race, and postcolonial theories. Emancipatory confluences that create potential advancement, despite almost insurmountable odds, are revealed through the paradigms of “transformative complicity,” “cultural humility,” and “empowerment.” In order to generate systemic change, managed risk-sharing and multi-sector inter-institutional mentorship are strongly recommended. These actions are more likely to trigger humanizing generative processes that lead to true inclusive diversity in higher education.
Royal Difficulties: a Question of Succession in an Urbanized Sakalava Kingdom

L'A. s'interesse a un edifice situe sur la plage d'Ankify dans le nord de Madagascar. Sur cet edifice, on peut lire l'inscription en francais: Palais royal. Il est devenu un des symboles de la dynastie locale Bemazava-Sakalava. Cet exemple montre que la recherche anthropologique doit reposer la question de la gestion d'un acquis etranger par les cultures contemporaines. Dans le cas du Palais royal, il est evident que le royaume Bemazava soumet a un reexamen constant l'interpretation des forces destructrices du colonialisme. On est en presence de nouveaux hybrides symboliques
Interactive presentation: Radix 4 SRT division with quotient prediction and operand scaling

SKT division is an efficient method for implementing high radix division circuits. However, as the radix increases the size of a quotient digit selection table increases exponentially. To overcome the limitations of quotient prediction, a method in which a quotient digit is speculated has been proposed. The speculated quotient digit is utilized to update the possible partial remainders while the speculated quotient is corrected. In this paper, instead of using a huge quotient selection table an estimation and correction scheme is used for prediction of quotient digit. The prediction is done in parallel with the calculation of the partial remainder for the quotient predicted earlier thus improving the latency. In addition, since this method tends to consume less area as the radix increases compared to previous methods, it has the ability to improve higher radix implementations for SRT division.
Retrovirus-induced lymphomagenesis: a correlation between disease pathogenesis and flow cytometric analysis

Perinatal infection with a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts-1) of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) results in massive splenomegaly and thymomegaly in mice and development of lymphoma in >55 % of infected pups. Previous flow cytometry studies showed a decrease in CD4+ cells in perinatally infected pups, but cell population changes in infected animals with lymphoma compared with infected animals without lymphoma has not yet been reported. In the current study, BALB/c mice were infected with ts-1 through breast milk transmission and observed until development of clinical signs and symptoms of lymphoma and/or symptomatic ts-1 infection. Flow cytometry studies were performed on blood, spleen and thymus samples and correlated with gross morphology and histological changes, resulting from the development of lymphoma. Infected animals with lymphoma had significant decreases in CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts in blood and spleen compared with controls. The spleens of infected animals without lymphoma showed a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts, but this was not significant compared with controls. In the thymus, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts also decreased, but this was not significant in infected animals with and without lymphoma compared with controls. Markers of myeloid cell dysfunction increased in the thymus of animals with infection with and without lymphoma compared with controls. Thus, immunosuppression and CD4+/CD8+ cell decreases in the spleen and thymus are associated with malignant transformation and development of lymphoma in this animal model.
Manufacture and utilization of antimony pH electrodes.

Manufacture and utilization of antimony pH electrodes. A new technique for manufacturing single-barreled and double-barreled antimony pH microelectrodes is described. The results of investigations into the accuracy of antimony as a pH sensor disclosed that the pH-voltage response is: 1) within the physiologic range, principally the result of the hydrogen ion activity of the solution in which the voltage is being developed, 2) in part, qualitatively anion-dependent, 3) modified by the presence of significant amounts of at least carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen gases, and 4) markedly offset by fluctuations in temperature. Our results further indicate that the accuracy of antimony as a pH sensor is determined by the quality of the calibration procedure. We conclude that if the antimony electrode is to accurately determine the pH of a biological fluid, the pH calibration solutions must closely resemble the unknown biological fluid with respect to temperature, PO 2 , PN 2 , and types of buffering anions. A calibration procedure is described which can minimize errors with antimony pH estimations when measuring the pH of proximal tubular fluid of the mammalian kidney.
A Successful Accident: Recollections and Speculations about the CEA

As originally conceived, the President's Council of Economic Advisers would have a unique relation with the president, using Keynesian analysis to advise him on maintaining full employment. After fifty years, the Council has evolved into being a useful cog in a large decision-making apparatus, dealing with the whole range of federal problems of economic policy and bringing to bear whatever economics has to say. The initial Keynesian predisposition has faded. The Council has participated in some mistakes but it has made a valuable contribution, primarily by persistent representation of the value of the free market.
Performance of 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro- d -glucose Positron Emission Tomography and Integrated PET/CT in Restaged Breast Cancer Patients

This study was conducted to compare the clinical stage derived from 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to that of integrated PET/computed tomography (CT) in restaged breast cancer patients. Fifty-eight female patients (age range 29–80 years, mean age ±SD, 53.3 ± 11.7 years) underwent PET/CT restaging for breast cancer. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians interpreted PET images. A radiologist was added for reading PET/CT studies. A patient-based analysis was performed. Histopathological findings, correlative imaging studies, changes in number, size, and hypermetabolic activity of suspicious lesions and/or patient outcome served as standard of reference for determining the diagnostic accuracy of both modalities. PET staged 79.3% (46/58) of the patients correctly, overstaged seven (12.1%), and understaged five patients (8.6%). Integrated PET/CT staged 89.7% (52/58) of the patients correctly, overstaged four (6.9%), and understaged two patients (3.4%). The staging accuracy of PET/CT was not significantly better than that of PET alone (p = 0.059). Lesions exhibiting mild hypermetabolic activity, benign inflammatory lesions, and physiological variants largely explained incorrect PET findings. Integrated PET/CT only marginally improves the restaging accuracy over PET alone (p = 0.059) in breast cancer patients.
DIRECT ISOLATION OF THE HYALINE LAYER PROTEIN RELEASED FROM THE CORTICAL GRANULES OF THE SEA URCHIN EGG AT FERTILIZATION

Treatment of the eggs of the sea urchin with a 1 M solution of glycerol at fertilization allows the recovery from this solution of the protein released from the cortical granules, including that which would normally give rise to the hyaline layer. The calcium-gelable protein previously extracted from whole eggs and from isolated cortical material was found to be present in the glycerol solution, confirming its localization in the cortical granules and its role in the hyaline layer. Quantitative measurements on the eggs of two Hawaiian species, Colobocentrotus atratus and Pseudoboletia indiana, which have the widest variation in the gel protein content, demonstrated that a proportionate amount of this material was released at fertilization in these species, which correlates with the thickness of the hyaline layer in the two cases. In addition, the calcium-insoluble fraction of Sakai can be extracted from these eggs after removal of the hyaline protein by glycerol, showing that this is a different material. A simple method for the separation of the hyaline protein from the calcium-insoluble fraction in solution is provided.
Early commit: an improved scheduling algorithm for reservation-based TDMA networks

We address the problem of scheduling data bursts with no intermediate queuing in high-speed networks. The problem is to determine the exact intermediate switch schedules such that each burst travels from source to destination without any queuing. We target applications which require high-speed burst transmissions and which can tolerate some degree of latency between requesting transmissions and the actual transmission of the burst itself. Such scenarios are common in satellite networks where the characteristics of the satellite links (multiple access, long delays) and the bursty nature of the traffic make it difficult to apply traditional network algorithms. In this paper, we analyze reservation-based algorithms for just-in-time scheduling of data bursts. These algorithms have been developed as part of the highball project, a high speed, packet-switched network using distributed reservation and scheduling algorithms. Simulations of these algorithms on various network topologies have shown good scheduling efficiencies. However, the data bursts incur a large scheduling delay since each reservation request must be received by all the nodes in the network. We then describe an improved scheduling algorithm which achieves higher scheduling efficiencies and lower scheduling delays by determining the schedule before all the nodes have received the request. We prove theoretically that the resulting burst schedules are consistent and collision- free, and analyze the performance of the algorithm via simulation. This idea can also be adapted to other parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) applications, such as intelligent highways, traffic control and distributed interactive simulation.
Internal Pressure : Its Use and Abuse

The internal pressure (∂E/∂V)T has a range of 0.2-2 GPa for pure liquids. Its effect on the rate and equilibrium constants of chemical reactions can be gauged approximately if the reaction can also be studied in the gas phase at the same temperature. The influence of internal pressure is not different from that of external pressure. A few examples are mentioned. The effect is unfortunately usually overshadowed by other solvent properties such as its ability to engage in hydrogen bonding and solvation of ions and dipoles.
Off-balance sheet activities and community bank performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine loan commitments and lending patterns of community banks. The authors also test for shifts in these relationships in the period unwinding the subprime crisis. Design/methodology/approach – Standard panel fixed-effect models as well as hierarchical (mixed) regression models are estimated given that banks operating in a specific geographic market may vary systematically with differences in firm-level characteristics. Hierarchical (mixed) regression models can control for within-counties and within-banks similarities. The authors also employ pooled estimations with clustered standard errors at the bank level as robustness check. Findings – The empirical results show that the use of loan commitments is generally associated with moderate increase in profitability and higher insolvency risk. However, during the recent financial crisis, the use of loan commitments becomes safer. The use of loan commitments is more risky for community banks that concentrate more o...
Elasticity of MgSiO3 orthoenstatite

The single-crystal elastic moduli of the MgSiO 3 orthoenstatite end-member have been measured by Brillouin spectroscopy at ambient conditions. The aggregate elastic moduli at 1 atm are KS = 107.6(15) GPa and μ = 76.8(7) GPa, for the adiabatic bulk modulus and shear modulus, respectively. These values are in excellent agreement with the results of previous acoustic studies of synthetic MgSiO3. Comparison of our results with pressure-volume ( P-V) measurements do not support the presence of a change in the P-V trajectory of orthoenstatite at ~4 GPa, as suggested previously on the basis of X-ray measurements to 8.5 GPa. The effects of chemical composition on the elasticity of orthopyroxenes are well represented by the variation of compressional and shear velocities with density, which exhibit well defined trends for both synthetic and natural samples.
Comment on "Upper limit to Landau damping in helicon discharges".

A Comment on the Letter by Francis F. Chen and David D. Blackwell, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2677 (1999).
Microwave photonic filters with a directly generated Gaussian-shaped optical frequency comb

Using electro-optic modulators, we generate a 41-line 10-GHz spaced Gaussian-shaped optical comb. We use this comb to demonstrate apodized microwave photonic filters with greater than 43-dB sidelobe suppression, without the need for a pulse shaper.
Metal-oxygen systems

An overview of metal-oxygen systems, with an emphasis on the metal-rich solid solutions, is presented.
Enhanced susceptibility of staggerer (RORαsg/sg) mice to lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation

The retinoid-related orphan receptor α (RORα), a member of the ROR subfamily of nuclear receptors, has been implicated in the control of a number of physiological processes, including the regulatio...
Preference and processing: The role of speech affect in early spoken word recognition

Infants prefer to listen to happy speech. To assess influences of speech affect on early lexical processing, 7.5- and 10.5-month-old infants were familiarized with one word spoken with happy affect and another with neutral affect and then tested on recognition of these words in fluent passages. Infants heard all passages either with happy affect or with neutral affect. Contrary to initial expectations that positive affect would facilitate word recognition, younger infants recognized familiarized words only when affect matched across familiarization and testing. Older infants displayed a more mature pattern of word recognition, recognizing words across variations in affect regardless of the direction of change when the task was somewhat simplified. However, younger infants continued to be limited by affective matching in the simplified task. Early processing advantages thus do not necessarily follow listening preferences. Rather, infants' early lexical representations appear to be dominated by covarying properties of experienced exemplars, whether or not these are ultimately relevant for lexical distinctions.
SEX, LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF MANAGER‐EMPLOYEE RELATION SHIP IN FAST‐FOOD RESTAURANTS

Sex is commonly viewed as a major factor influencing the leadership climate of human organizations. However, the direction and the nature of this influence is not clear. A sample of work groups in fast-food restaurants was studied to investigate the existence of perceptual differences among opposite sexes of ideal as well as actual leadership styles. The findings of the study suggest that women employees evaluate the actual style of their supervisor higher on „initiation of structure” and „consideration” dimensions, while supervisors believed in initiating more structure but less consideration when supervising women. The study also found that in a typical restaurant the majority of employees and their manager were of opposite sexes.
Emerald: A Bus Style Designer

This paper describes the development of a design generator. The design generator takes a behavioral description as its input and generates functional level structures as its output. Designs for two behavioral descriptions are compared with commercial designs. On the average, the total number of gates required for the allocated data paths is 15 percent more than the commercial designs. Mechanisms for exploring alternative designs are provided. The design space for one of the examples is extensively investigated. Limitations of automated design are also discussed.
Slit-Lamp Fluorophotometry in Intraocular Lens Patients

Abstract Two hundred and sixty-four patients who had unilateral implant surgery and normal contralateral unoperated eyes were studied by slit-lamp anterior segment fluorophotometry. Patients tested five weeks to six months after surgery averaged 22% more fluorescein in the operated than in the unoperated eye, while those tested after six months averaged only 12% more fluorescein. Patients receiving topical indomethacin demonstrated an 11 increase in fluorescein, while those taking a placebo averaged a 33% increase. Patients with cystoid macular edema averaged a 46% increase in fluorescein compared with a 17% increase in the other patients. Twenty-seven control patients with unilaterally aphakic eyes and normal contralateral unoperated eyes, tested on an average of two years after surgery, showed essentially no increase in fluorescein in the operated eye. Fluorophotometry may be a valuable clinical tool in testing the effect of drugs on the blood-aqueous barrier and to screen patients for cystoid macular edema.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Pain Cause and Effect or Epiphenomenon?: In Response

The draconian message that people should never be exposed to sunlight without sun protection is totally unwarranted and should be replaced with the message that sensible sun exposure is good for overall health and well-being. Hypovitaminosis D has been linked not only to increased risk of tuberculosis, as noted by Dr Padda, but also to increased risk of type 1 diabetes, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, ovaries, and other organs. Thus, I hope that the study reported by Plotnikoff and Quigley has enlightened physicians about how common and underdiagnosed hypovitaminosis D is and about its consequences on bone and muscle health.
False Discovery Rate Control With Groups

In the context of large-scale multiple hypothesis testing, the hypotheses often possess certain group structures based on additional information such as Gene Ontology in gene expression data and phenotypes in genome-wide association studies. It is hence desirable to incorporate such information when dealing with multiplicity problems to increase statistical power. In this article, we demonstrate the benefit of considering group structure by presenting a p-value weighting procedure which utilizes the relative importance of each group while controlling the false discovery rate under weak conditions. The procedure is easy to implement and shown to be more powerful than the classical Benjamini–Hochberg procedure in both theoretical and simulation studies. By estimating the proportion of true null hypotheses, the data-driven procedure controls the false discovery rate asymptotically. Our analysis on one breast cancer dataset confirms that the procedure performs favorably compared with the classical method.
Myths about Critical Literacy: What Teachers Need to Unlearn

By discussing commonly held myths, this paper attempts to clarify a number of important issues in the area of critical literacy education. These include the distinction between critical thinking and critical literacy, the audience critical literacy is meant for, the philosophical underpinnings of critical literacy, and the relationship between critical literacy on the one hand and reading and writing on the other hand. This paper urges literacy educators to examine their beliefs critically and unlearn ungrounded misconceptions about critical literacy. It is imperative that literacy educators have a better understanding of critical literacy before it can take root in the classrooms.
How do I approach ABO-incompatible hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation?

H uman leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching is critically important for successful hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation because the rates of engraftment and transplant outcomes are strongly influenced by the degree of match. This is largely because HLA antigens are expressed on immature pluripotent stem cells. In contrast, ABO incompatibility is not a barrier to successful HPC transplantation because ABO blood group antigens are not expressed on pluripotent or early committed HPCs. HLA and ABO antigens are encoded by different genes; thus it is common that potential donors who are fully HLA matched have an ABO incompatibility. Approximately 40 to 50% of HPC transplants are ABO incompatible and are now performed using bone marrow (HPC-M), apheresis-derived peripheral blood progenitor cells (HPCA), and umbilical cord blood (HPC-C) as HPC sources. Three types of ABO incompatibility exist: major, minor, and bidirectional. A total of 20 to 25% of HPC transplants have a major ABO incompatibility, 20 to 25% a minor ABO incompatibility, and up to 5% a bidirectional incompatibility. Each presents a unique set of potential adverse consequences, including early acute hemolysis that can be ameliorated through HPC product processing to remove incompatible red blood cells (RBCs) or plasma (Table 1). In these cases, the recipient must be closely monitored both at the time of the infusion and in the posttransplant period because serious events can occur many days later. Accreditation agencies such as AABB and the Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) require that all donors be tested for ABO group and D type before the collection of HPC-A or HPC-M and that HPC-C be typed after product processing before cryopreservation. The testing and its required documentation in the medical record need to be done in accordance with institutional standard operating procedures. Current FACT standards also require that “for allogeneic cellular therapy products containing RBCs at the time of administration, a test for ABO group and Rh type shall be performed on the first product collected, or on blood obtained from the donor at the time of the first collection.” At our institution, the donor ABO group and D type is tested as part the donor evaluation process. Additional donor ABO group and D testing is performed on each collection day from blood samples obtained at time of collection. If donor blood sample is not available for a particular collection, confirmatory typing is performed on a product sample on the day of product processing. For all fresh HPC products received from outside facilities, confirmatory ABO group and D testing is performed before further product processing. HPC-C units are received in the frozen state and are not subject to repeat testing.
The role of dispersal in Florida Key deer metapopulation dynamics

Abstract Metapopulation dynamics of species that occur in patchy or island subpopulations are an important consideration in the conservation of endangered species. Key deer ( Odocoileus virginianus clavium ) are endemic to the Florida Keys and occur on 11 island-complexes in the Lower Keys from Big Pine Key to Sugarloaf Key. While deer numbers have increased notably, the majority of the population occurs on two of the islands, Big Pine and No Name Keys. Deer dispersal between islands is possible due to short distances between islands and shallow water. Key deer have been documented to actively disperse between islands but at very low rates (11% males, 3% females). However, increased population densities could possibly increase dispersal rates as island populations on Big Pine and No Name Keys approach carrying capacity. We examined the probability of deer colonization of peripheral islands using a sex- and stage-structured metapopulation model. Our objectives were to (1) evaluate the effects of distance and dispersal rate on Key deer island subpopulations and (2) estimate the probability of Key deer colonizing surrounding islands with viable populations. Results suggest that over the next 20 years, the Key deer population could colonize 6 of the 11 island-complexes with viable populations. However, of the remaining five islands, three lack the resources to support a minimum viable population, and while Cudjoe and Sugarloaf Keys have the potential to support >200 deer each, they are not projected to increase to above 50 deer by 2021 regardless of dispersal rate due to distance from source population.
Market Share in the Real Estate Brokerage Industry

This paper is concerned with the factors that determine the market share of listings and the market share of sales for brokerage firms. Models are developed and tested in a SMSA that conveniently corresponds exactly to a particular Multiple Listing Service area. Indices of firm specialization and market concentration were computed in addition to more conventional characterizations of the market and the data used in the study. The regression results reveal a small degree of consistency in the impacts of the explanatory variables over the two years of the study and over the listing and sales markets. The number of salespeople is the most consistently significant variable. Indeed, market share per salesperson appears to be a non-monotonic function of the number of salespeople. The presence of a franchise and the quantity of display advertising are occasionally significant. Classified advertising, Yellow Pages advertising, and open houses all do not significantly affect market share per salesperson.
Methods for Determining the Dispersion of Liquid Released in Air

The US Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) has been working with several partners from industry to test a system that deploys firefighting material in mid-air. The key to the effectiveness of this system is the altitude of system release and deployment, and the resulting ground coverage of the media. The amount of time from exit to deployment, the altitude lost from exit to deployment, and the dispersion pattern on the ground were all measured to determine how effective the system could be in an operational environment. Using kineto-tracking mounts (KTMs), cinetheodolite data were obtained for each package to obtain the time to deployment and altitude loss to deployment. To measure the dispersion pattern and ground coverage, several techniques were attempted. First, the media was colored in order to help visualize the dispersion on the ground. A GPS track was taken of the outline of this pattern and an area was calculated. Once the area of the pattern was known, along with the total volume of media dropped, an approximate coverage level could be obtained assuming an even distribution. Then, to help determine the dispersion within the footprint, aerial photographs were taken with an infrared camera. While these photographs sometimes provided the general shape of the pattern and an indication of coverage via thermal gradient, poor resolution and contrast were prohibitive in quantifying coverage. Next, high-resolution aerial photographs of the pattern were taken and a program was written to analyze each pixel of the pattern. Taking advantage of the strong contrast between the ground and the colored media via threshholding, pixels were analyzed for their color content in order to create a weighting scale that produced a distribution pattern. A known length scale was used to baseline measurements, yielding the desired output of volume per area. This image processing method could be used in lieu of the tedious standard method of creating a grid of cups on the Drop Zone (DZ) and weighing the cups after a drop, which is both expensive and labor-intensive. By using a combination of these test methods, one can determine the system readiness level and development progress during testing as well as help determine what operational scenario the system will ultimately be effective in. A streamlined set of test methods would be beneficial for future development after verifying the accuracy of these methods when compared to cup test results from the same airdrop.
Topographic maps in human frontal cortex revealed in memory-guided saccade and spatial working-memory tasks

We used fMRI at 3 Tesla and improved spatial resolution (2 × 2 × 2 mm3) to investigate topographic organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 perip...
Effect of size and lipid composition of mammary gland fat-pad on mammary gland growth.

Abstract Pregnant rats pair-fed diets containing either 30% corn oil or 30% coconut oil had mammary fat-pads which differed significantly in every fatty acid except 16:0 and 18:1. The corn oil diet produced adipose tissue with slightly more than 30% saturated fatty acids whereas the coconut oil diet resulted in over 60% saturated fatty acids. However, at 20 days of pregnancy, mammary gland total deoxyribonucleic acid, total ribonucleic acid, and ribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid ratio were not significantly different among groups of rats with different mammary fat-pad fatty acid compositions. In comparison to the contralateral side, or to animals receiving saline, the injection of 2 units of insulin into the right fat-pad for 14 days prior to mating had no significant effect on mammary gland nucleic acids on the 20th day of pregnancy. However, when insulin was continued throughout pregnancy, deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid were highly significantly increased over the saline-injected left side. Autoradiographic studies showed that the increase in deoxyribonucleic acid in response to insulin during pregnancy was not due to a stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in connective tissue cells.
The Dilemmas of Corrections and the Legacy of David Fogel

Even the most cursory examination of the history of corrections reveals the absence of any lasting conviction as to the proper purpose and administration of a correctional system Alternatives fiercely promoted in one decade fall victim to raging controversy in the next. In spite of decades of effort and experience, the expenditure of billions of dollars, and reform itself becoming a chronic process, no consensus has been reached: It is a history of dilemma. It is against this background that David Fogel conducted much of his innovative work to develop the justice model.
Behavior based approach for robot navigation and chemical anomaly tracking

We present a system for detecting chemical anomaly and to track the anomaly to its source. The chemical sensors are mounted on mobile robots. We describe navigating through medium and close proximity environments through a behavior-based approach, which can be represented through subsumption architecture approach. In this paradigm different robot behaviors compete for the actuators that make the robot act in the world. Further, these behaviors are driven by sensory data received through sensors and analyzed. In our case we support three competing behaviors that will be arbitrated: 1) navigation of indoor spaces through visual landmark recognition, 2) confined spaces navigation through close proximity sensors, and 3) airborne chemical and / or ground trail following.
Anti-DNP Hemolytic Piaques by Mouse Spieeiv Celis in Diffusion Chambers

Spleen cells frcan mice immunized with dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) were restimulated with DNP-KLH in vitro, enclosed in cell-impermeable diffusion chambers and implanted in the peritoneal cavity of irradiated recipient mice. At various intervals, the cells were recwered from the chambers and DKP-specific plaque forming cells (PFC) were enumerated. The numbers of nucleated cells in the chambers declined rapidly during the first day after implantstion then increased between days 3 and 6 and remained at between 30 and 40% of the initial number from day 6 to day 10. Doses of DNF-KLH of 5 to 500 ng induced maximal numbers of PFC, while fewer PEC were obtained Kith lower and higher doses. The numbers of PFC/106 cells declined during the first 2 days of culture in diffusion chambers, then increased explosively between days 3 and 4 and reached a peak on day 5 through 8. At peak response, 5% of the nucleated cells were PFC and in one case the proportion of PFC was 12%. Varying the time be...
The Effects of Body Mass Index on Complications and Mortality after Emergency Abdominal Operations: The Obesity Paradox

METHODS: The Premier database from 2009-Q22014 was used to obtain patient demographics, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated. Total hospital cost during index laparoscopic and open ventral hernia repairs and subsequent recurrent repairs were also obtained. Index vs recurrent surgery costs were compared using a multivariate linear regression model for repeated samples. Cost outcomes between laparoscopic and open groups were compared after matching the 2 groups using propensity score adjustment method.