cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The 3D Oceanic Mixed Layer Response to Hurricane Gilbert

Upper-ocean heat and mass budgets are examined from three snapshots of data acquired during and after the passage of Hurricane Gilbert in the western Gulf of Mexico. Measurements prior to storm passage indicated a warm core eddy in the region with velocities of O(1) m s21. Based upon conservation of heat and mass, the threedimensional mixed layer processes are quantified from the data. During and subsequent to hurricane passage, horizontal advection due to geostrophic velocities is significant in the eddy regime, suggesting that prestorm oceanic variability is important when background flows have the same magnitude as the mixed layer current response. Storm-induced near-inertial currents lead to large vertical advection magnitudes as they diverge from and converge toward the storm track. Surface fluxes, estimated by reducing flight-level winds to 10 m, indicate a maximum wind stress of 4.2 N m22 and a heat flux of 1200 W m 22 in the directly forced region. The upward heat flux after the passage of the storm has a maximum of 200 W m22 corresponding to a less than 7 m s21 wind speed. Entrainment mixing across the mixed layer base is estimated using three bulk entrainment closure schemes that differ in their physical basis of parameterization. Entrainment remains the dominant mechanism in controlling the heat and mass budgets irrespective of the scheme. Depending on the magnitudes of friction velocity, surface fluxes and/or shear across the mixed layer base, the pattern and location of maximum entrainment rates differ in the directly forced region. While the general area of maximum entrainment is in the right-rear quadrant of the storm, shear-induced entrainment scheme predicts a narrow region of cooling compared to the the stressinduced mixing scheme and observed SST decreases. After the storm passage, the maximum contribution to the mixed layer dynamics is associated with shear-induced entrainment mixing forced by near-inertial motions up to the third day as indicated by bulk Richardson numbers that remained below criticality. Thus, entrainment based on a combination of surface fluxes, friction velocity and shear across the entrainment zone may be more relevant for three-dimensional ocean response studies.
Tibial stress fracture mimicking neuroblastoma metastasis in two young children.

Two children with a history of widely metastatic neuroblastoma and autologous bone marrow transplantation presented for a routine follow-up appointment including a radionuclide bone scan. Patient 1 was a 6-year-old boy whose status was 6months since bone marrow transplant and 4 months since hospital discharge. The patient was noted to have a tender area over the right lower leg, with no history of trauma. The bone scan demonstrated an ill-defined focus of increased activity in the mid part of the right tibia (Fig. 1A). A radiograph of this area was normal. The patient was instructed to return in 3 weeks for a follow-up appointment and bone scan. On this visit he stated that his right leg pain had largely resolved but that he now had left lower leg pain after a fall. Radiographs of the left lower leg were normal (Fig. 1B). The follow-up bone scan, including spot images, demonstrated bilateral posterior tibial lesions (Fig. tC). The remainder of the bone scan was normal. Patient 2 was a 7-year-old boy whose status was 8 months since bone marrow transplant and 6 months since hospital discharge. His bone scan (Fig. 2A) demonstrated a
Counting Regions With Bounded Surface Area

Define a cubical complex to be a collection of integer-aligned unit cubes in d dimensions. Lebowitz and Mazel (1998) proved that there are between \((C_1d)^{n/2d}\) and \((C_2d)^{64n/d}\) complexes containing a fixed cube with connected boundary of (d − 1)-volume n. In this paper we narrow these bounds to between \((C_3d)^{n/d}\) and \((C_4d)^{2n/d}\) . We also show that there are \(n^{n/(2d(d-1))+o(1)}\) connected complexes containing a fixed cube with (not necessarily connected) boundary of volume n.
Differences in critical behavior observed near Tc with Mössbauer scattering and transmission geometries

Abstract We have found markedly different characteristics for Mossbauer spectra observed in scattering and transmission geometries near T c in a PdFe alloy. The magnetic ordering temperatures determined from spectra obtained in the two geometries appear to differ by at least 2 K.
Tree species richness increased by clearcutting of northern hardwoods in central New York

Abstract Data collected by periodic remeasurement of permanent plots within five northern hardwood stands in central New York descirbe changes in species composition of natural regeneration during a 20-year period following clearcutting. Regeneration developed from the upgrowth of advance seedlings, of emergence of new germinants, and stump sprouts. Findings indicate that the species composition of the stand prior to cutting, and of the forest around the site, influenced the relative importance of each source and species. As the regeneration developed, its composition changed to reflect characteristics of each source, and the different species' growth rates. Advance seedlings and stump sprouts helped to maintain shade-tolerant species, and new germinants influenced the proportions of shade-intolerant and intermediate species. The latter groups persisted due to better rates of height growth at the light levels created by clearcutting.
Optimal Capital Taxation and Debt Policy in a Finite-Horizon Macro Model

This article analyzes optimal taxation and debt policies in a model of overlapping generations of finite-lived agents. Taxes are levied proportionately on capital and labor incomes. Tax rates are uniform across all agents. When the social and private discount rates coincide, the optimal steady-state tax rate on capital income is zero. Alternatively, the optimal steady-state tax rate on capital income is positive (or negative), and the optimal steady-state level of government debt is larger (or smaller) whenever the social discount rate is greater (or less) than the private discount rate.
Optimizing the Least Nucleophilic Anion. A New, Strong Methyl+ Reagent

The icosahedral carborane anions H-CB11X6H5- (X = Cl, Br, I) are among the most inert, least coordinating, and least basic anions known. These properties are enhanced by 2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylation with methyl triflate. The resulting anions, H-CB11X6Me5-, are more inert than their unmethylated precursors, have improved NMR handles, and their salts have higher solubility in low dielectric media. They sustain superacidity in H(H-CB11X6Me5). Protonated benzene has been isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography, moving Wheland intermediates from the status of spectroscopically observable transients to weighable reagents. The new anions sustain extreme Lewis acidity in silylium ion-like R3Si(H-CB11X6Me5) species. Treatment of Et3Si(H-CB11Br6Me5) with methyl triflate leads to a new methyl+ reagent CH3(H-CB11Br6Me5) that is more potent than methyl triflate. It methylates benzene without heating or acid catalysis to give the toluenium ion. The H-CB11X6Me5- anions come as close as any to the concept of a univeral weakly coordinating anion and, with cheaper starting materials now available, promise to become specialty chemicals of wide usage.
INFLUENCE OF MICROGRAVITY ON ROOT‐CAP REGENERATION AND THE STRUCTURE OF COLUMELLA CELLS IN ZEA MAYS

We launched imbibed seeds and seedlings of Zea mays into outer space aboard the space shuttle Columbia to determine the influence of microgravity on 1) root-cap regeneration, and 2) the distribution of amyloplasts and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the putative statocytes (i.e., columella cells) of roots. Decapped roots grown on Earth completely regenerated their caps within 4.8 days after decapping, while those grown in microgravity did not regenerate caps. In Earth-grown seedlings, the ER was localized primarily along the periphery of columella cells, and amyloplasts sedimented in response to gravity to the lower sides of the cells. Seeds germinated on Earth and subsequently launched into outer space had a distribution of ER in columella cells similar to that of Earth-grown controls, but amyloplasts were distributed throughout the cells. Seeds germinated in outer space were characterized by the presence of spherical and ellipsoidal masses of ER and randomly distributed amyloplasts in their columella cells. These results indicate that 1) gravity is necessary for regeneration of the root cap, 2) columella cells can maintain their characteristic distribution of ER in microgravity only if they are exposed previously to gravity, and 3) gravity is necessary to distribute the ER in columella cells of this cultivar of Z. mays.
The evidence on public/private educational trade-offs in developing countries

Abstract Developing countries have been urged to diversify their sources of educational finance since the early 1980s. Claims of the greater efficiency of private schools have been advanced as part of the argument supporting such advice, though the main thrust has been the financial stringency of central government. Nonetheless, reflecting a similar debate within industrialized countries, several studies have attempted to test the waters regarding the efficiency (as well as effectiveness) of private vs public schools. This paper examines the evidence and concludes that on grounds of efficiency, some of the findings are suspect.
ICTERUS A RAPID CHANGE OF HEMOGLOBIN TO BILE PIGMENT IN THE CIRCULATION OUTSIDE THE LIVER.

The intravenous injection of red cells obtained from the same animal and laked by distilled water is similar to certain types of hemolysis which result in hematogenous jaundice. This procedure cannot be criticized on the grounds of introducing toxic substances. The hemoglobin circulating in the blood stream is rapidly changed, in part at least, to bile pigment. The change goes on with practically the same rapidity in a normal circulation, in an Eck fistula animal, and in a dog with Eck fistula and hepatic artery ligation. Moreover, the bile pigment formation goes on in a dog whose liver, spleen, and intestines have been shut out of the circulation, and in those with a head and thorax circulation. In the last experiments there had been no operative manipulation of the liver and the bile pigment could not have escaped from the liver and have been absorbed by the circulation above the diaphragm; for example, by the thoracic duct. It is possible that the endothelium of the blood vessels is the agent which brings about the rapid change of hemoglobin to bile pigment. This mechanism probably comes into play when there has been a destruction of many red cells with much hemoglobin free in the plasma. We may conclude that in dogs, at least, hemoglobin can be rapidly changed into bile pigment in the circulating blood without participation of the liver.
Novel Homozygous Frameshift Mutation of EVER1 Gene in an Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis Patient

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genetic skin disease with an autosomal recessive trait, and the patients have susceptibility to a specific group of human papillomavirus genotypes. Recently germline mutations in EVER1/2 genes have been detected in EV patients with different ethnic origins. In this study, we have applied PCR, single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis, and sequencing as well as restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for identifying potential mutation(s) of EVER genes in an EV patient and in the parents of Pakistani origin. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation (T base deletion at nucleotide position 968 of DNA) has been detected in the EVER1 gene of the patient. The parents carried this mutated allele in a heterozygous form. This is the third report on the presence of EVER1 mutations in an EV patient, and this result supports better understanding, diagnosis, and genetic counseling of EV patients.
Cocaine stimulates adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion through a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-mediated mechanism

Cocaine was injected intravenously to non-anesthetized, freely moving adult male rats and caused dose-dependent elevations in plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels. The observation that this stimulatory effect was completely abolished by pretreatment with a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antiserum, coupled with the lack of effect of cocaine on ACTH secretion by cultured pituitary cells, suggests that cocaine acts within the brain to release endogenous CRF.
New Urbanism's Role in Inner-city Neighborhood Revitalization

The new urbanism has become an increasingly popular development strategy for outlying greenfield sites. Recently, the Congress for the New Urbanism, the formal arm of the movement, began emphasizing urban infill and revitalization. This paper explores the public sector's application of the new urbanism through planning and regulatory tools intended to foster inner-city revitalization. Specifically, it examines a local variation of the new urbanism and its implementation within a broader framework of neighborhood revitalization that seeks to balance economic development, smart growth and equity goals to realize the ideal of the just city. Assessing over 12 years of experience in Orlando, Florida, this study demonstrates the difficulty of fully implementing the new urbanism in such projects, particularly in lower-income neighborhoods, and inherent conflicts when design solutions, economic development and housing goals are not mutually supportive.
Electrophysiologic and anatomic characteristics of ventricular tachycardia induced at the right ventricular outflow tract but not at the apex

The site of ventricular stimulation is an important variable in the initiation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by programmed ventricular stimulation. Among 169 patients studied consecutively, 17 (10%) had ventricular tachycardia induced by programmed electrical stimulation from the right ventricular outflow tract but not from the apex. Fourteen of these 17 patients had had prior myocardial infarction (12 had inferior, and two had both inferior and anterior myocardial infarction), two had a dilated cardiomyopathy, and one had a localized cardiomyopathy. Fourteen patients had echocardiograms suitable for analysis. Of these, 12 had posterior/inferior ventricular wall motion abnormalities located at the base of the heart. The ventricular effective refractory periods from the right ventricular outflow tract and right ventricular apex were 237 +/- 4 and 244 +/- 5 msec, respectively (p less than 0.05, mean +/- SEM). Induced VT had a cycle length of 229 +/- 4 msec and had the morphology of right bundle branch block in 12 patients, of left bundle branch block in three patients, and had both morphologies in two patients. In 14 patients the axis was superior. VT was initiated with two extrastimuli in 15 patients and with burst right ventricular pacing in two patients. Similar pacing techniques with identical pacing intervals did not induce VT at the right ventricular apex in 14 of these 17 patients. Further, among the 15 patients whose VT was induced at the right ventricular outflow tract with two extrastimuli, neither burst pacing (n = 13) nor two extrastimuli introduced at faster paced rates (n = 12) induced VT at the right ventricular apex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Response of the fetal mesenteric microvascular system to catecholamines.

Abstract The effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol and their antagonists on the fetal mesenteric microvasculature were studied using in vivo microscopic methods. No significant increases in the reaction to epinephrine or norepinephrine were noted between day 17 of gestation and term. A differential response to catecholamines was noted, however, in the terminal vascular bed of the fetal rabbit microvasculature; terminal arterioles were more reactive than larger proximal arterioles. Functional alpha adrenergic receptors were found from day 17 of gestation onward in mesenteric arterioles whereas beta adrenergic receptors could not be demonstrated. No significant venomotor responses to catecholamines were noted in mesenteric venules.
Reflections on dysfunctional functioning in the political economy of paper

Comment on Hull, Matthew. 2012. Government of paper: The materiality of bureaucracy in urban Pakistan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
The effects of crystallite orientation and size on the strength of polycrystals

Abstract The effect of crystallite orientation and crystallite size on polycrystalline strength has been investigated for Ferrovac E alpha-iron. Individual crystalline orientations, measured by etch pit techniques, have been used in determining weighted Taylor strength factors for different uniform grain sizes obtained by recrystallizing iron rods. Uniaxial tension tests and axisymmetric drawing tests were performed on specimens of each grain size. For the processing conditions and grain sizes obtained, no marked preferred orientation was present, and as a result only minor deviations from the theoretically predicted average random Taylor factors existed. Good agreement of orientation-corrected yield strength in uniaxial tension as a function of grain size was obtained using a Hall- Petch analysis. The present results on polycrystalline specimens have been used in conjunction with a previous analysis on single crystals of the same materials to determine the validity of the Taylor analysis, which predicts that strength is dependent on an orientation factor, M, and an orientation independent shear stress for slip, τ. It would appear that the Taylor analysis does not hold for polycrystalline specimens of various grain sizes.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Phor21-βCG(ala), a lytic peptide conjugate

Phor21-betaCG(ala), a 36-amino acid peptide comprised of a lytic peptide (Phor21) conjugated to a modified 15-amino acid segment of the beta-chain of chorionic gonadotropin (betaCG(ala)), selectively kills cancer cells that over-express luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) receptors by disrupting cellular membrane structure. These studies were designed to further characterize its in-vitro inhibition and in-vivo destruction of prostate cancer cells, biostability and pharmacokinetics to determine its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. Inhibitory effects of Phor21-betaCG(ala) were tested in PC-3 and Caco-2 cells as well as in nude mice bearing PC-3 cells transfected with the luciferase gene (PC-3.luc). Plasma stability, protease hydrolysis and pharmacokinetics of Phor21-betaCG(ala) were measured by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Phor21-betaCG(ala) selectively inhibited proliferation in-vitro and in-vivo metastases of PC-3 cells. Phor21-betaCG(ala) was relatively stable in mouse, rat, dog and human plasma. Its degradation was partially due to protease hydrolysis and thermodynamic catalysis. Intravenous administration of Phor21-betaCG(ala) showed its blood C(max) and AUC(0-->infinity) around the in-vitro effective levels. In the tested rodents, Phor21-betaCG(ala) displayed a moderate volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) and slow clearance (Cl) in the rodents. In conclusion, Phor21-betaCG(ala) displayed promising in-vitro and in-vivo anti-cancer activity with favourable pharmacokinetics, and may offer a novel approach to metastatic cancer chemotherapy.
APOE genotype and cognitive decline in a middle-aged cohort.

Background: Most longitudinal studies of nondemented persons have reported greater cognitive decline among APOE e4 carriers vs noncarriers. However, most studies involved elderly samples (aged 65+) and were not large enough to examine the three APOE alleles separately. Methods: Change in cognitive function was examined over a 6-year period using three neuropsychological tests among four APOE genotype groups (e2/2 + e2/3, e3/3 (referent), e4/2 + e4/3, e4/4). The population-based sample included 1,693 African Americans and 6,202 Caucasians initially ages 47 to 68. Results: There was increasingly greater cognitive decline from the e2 group to the e4/4 group in Caucasians for two of the three tests. The combination of APOE e4 with hypercholesterolemia or diabetes showed the greatest cognitive decline. Among African Americans, only the test measuring psychomotor speed showed associations with APOE genotype. Conclusions: APOE e4 is associated with greater cognitive decline in middle-aged Caucasian individuals, with a reduced decline among e2 carriers. This suggests that the processes by which APOE genotype mediates dementia risk are operative well in advance of overt dementia.
FM and AM mode locking of the homogeneous laser - Part II: Experimental results in a Nd:YAG laser with internal FM modulation

In Part I of this paper [1], a theoretical analysis of the mode-locked homogeneous laser was given. In this part we present experimental results for the Nd:YAG laser with internal phase modulation. LiNbO 3 was used as the modulator crystal, and a method to measure the single-pass phase retardation of the modulator accurately at 1.06 μ is described in detail. The pulsewidth and spectral width of the mode-locked laser were measured as a function of depth of modulation, and good agreement with theory was obtained. Etalon effects in the laser were observed, and the results agreed very well with the theory. Mode-locked spectral bandwidths of up to 16 GHz, implying mode-locked pulses as short as 40 ps, were obtained.
Methadone-induced changes in the visual evoked response recorded from multiple sites in the cat brain.

Visual evoked responses (VERs) and EEG were recorded following the i.p. administration of five doses of methadone (0.5–4 mg/kg) to 12 adult cats, which were implanted with cortical and subcortical electrodes. Additional cats, subjected to the same drug regimen, were used to evaluate plasma methadone concentrations. Doses of methadone that produced plasma concentrations between 80 and 190 ng/ml differentially affected VERs recorded from cortical and subcortical sites. Of the subcortical structures evaluated, the limbic system, specifically the hippocampus, was the most sensitive to the effects of the drug. These effects appeared to be primarily depressant. Responses recorded from the reticular formation and centromedian were affected only by the highest dose of methadone, while VERs recorded from cortical sites were reliably altered following the two highest doses and appeared to reflect both excitation and depression. Behavioral changes, however, were clearly evidenced in some cats at lower doses of methadone. Therefore, the data suggest (1) that those structures evaluated electrophysiologically did not reflect the full force of the drug's action as evidenced by its effect on behavior, (2) that cortical and subcortical recording sites have differential sensitivities, and (3) that one clearly defined, principal site of action of methadone is absent in the cat.
Kinetic and Adsorption Studies of Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitters at Polycrystalline Diamond Microelectrodes

High sensitivity, 1-10 nM detection, of biogenic amine neurotransmitters was achieved using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at hydrogen-terminated diamond microelectrodes. This reduced to 1-10 μM after 5-10 runs. To attempt to understand the sensitivity decrease, electron transfer kinetics, baseline current, and rate-limiting step for high (μM) and low (nM) concentrations were compared. Dopamine oxidation kinetics slowed after repeated scans, ΔEp increased from 0.142 to 0.805 V. Baseline current decreased by 50%. The rate-limiting step, measured only at the conditioned surface, was diffusion limiting. The high quality of our electrodes was verified by the voltage window in 0.5 M H2SO4 and by Raman spectroscopy. Dopamine and serotonin oxidation kinetics were characterized at more sensitive, sulfophenyl-terminated diamond microelectrodes; the responses were diffusion limited. These data were qualitatively consistent with surface chemistry changes after scanning, but do not adequately explain the sensitivity decrease. Additional testing of hydrogen- terminated surfaces is needed to provide insight.
METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITION IN THE ONE-DIMENSIONAL HOLSTEIN MODEL AT HALF FILLING

We study the one-dimensional Holstein model with spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ electrons at half filling. Ground-state properties are calculated for long chains with great accuracy using the density-matrix renormalization-group method and extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit. We show that for small electron-phonon coupling or large phonon frequency, the insulating Peierls ground state predicted by mean-field theory is destroyed by quantum lattice fluctuations and that the system remains in a metallic phase with a nondegenerate ground state and power-law electronic and phononic correlations. When the electron-phonon coupling becomes large or the phonon frequency small, the system undergoes a transition to an insulating Peierls phase with a twofold degenerate ground state, long-range charge-density-wave order, a dimerized lattice structure, and a gap in the electronic excitation spectrum.
Progress in Mössbauer spectrosccopy of high-temperature superconductors

57Fe dopant site assignments in several families of cuprate superconductors are reviewed. Evidence for motional broadening of the 14.4 keV resonance atT≤T c for Fe sites localized in the all-important CuO2 planes in Y1Ba2Cu4O8 is presented.
Relationships Between the Effects of Iodide, Methimazole and Thyrotropin on the Intermediary Metabolism of Bovine Thyroid Slices

Beef thyroid slices were incubated in media to which 0.1 min iodide, 1 mM methimazole (MMI) and thyrotropin (TSH), 0.3 U/ml, were added singly and in combination. Data for oxygen consumption and for 14CO2 production from l-14C-glucose, U-14C-glucose and 1-14Cpyruvate were examined for possible interactions (non-additive effects) among these agents. The stimulatory effect of 0.1 mM iodide on oxygen consumption and on glucose and pyruvate oxidation was antagonized by MMI. It is concluded that metabolic stimulation by iodide is related to processes inhibited by MMI, e.g., iodide organification. MMI did not antagonize metabolic stimulation by TSH, and the stimulatory effects of 0.1 mM iodide and of TSH appeared to be additive. Also, the TSH effect on oxygen consumption and on glucose oxidation was unchanged in the presence of very high iodide levels (50 mM). It is concluded that the metabolic effects of TSH studied here are not related to liberation of iodide within the thyroid, are not closely linked to iodi...
The hydrodynamic properties of the system poly α-methyl styrene-cyclohexane☆

Abstract The theta temperature for the system poly α-methyl styrene-cyclohexane has been determined as 37° ± 0.5°C. The samples used in the determination were prepared by anionic polymerization in tetrahydrofuran and have a syndiotactic diad content of 0.68. The dependence of intrinsic viscosity on molecular weight has been measured in cyclohexane at 37°C and was found to be [η] = 7.8 × 10 −4 M 0.5 w . Examination of the solution properties indicates that the Kurata-Yamakawa theory is valid in the vicinity of the theta temperature, but that in non-ideal solvents the polymer is best represented by either the Peterlin or Ptitsyn-Eizner coil models. The ratio ( 〈 s 2 〉 0z M w ) 1 2 was found to be 0.281 × 10−8 cm which after correcting for sample heterogeneity gives ( 〈 s 2 〉 0w M w ) 1 2 =0.269×10 −8 cm.
Crystal Structure of the von Willebrand Factor Modulator Botrocetin

The binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to the platelet receptor, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex, has a key role in the initiation of thrombus formation and is regulated by interactions with extracellular matrix components under the influence of hemodynamic forces. To a certain extent, these effects can be mimicked in vitro by two nonphysiologic modulators, ristocetin and botrocetin. The latter, isolated from the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca, is a 31-kDa heterodimeric protein that forms a soluble complex with vWF. As an initial step toward understanding the mechanisms that regulate vWF function, we have solved the crystal structure of botrocetin at 1.8 A resolution. Botrocetin exhibits homology with other snake proteins, but contains only one metal binding site as compared to two in Factor IX binding protein and Factor IX/X binding protein and none in flavocetin. A distinctive feature of botrocetin is the presence of a negatively charged surface that may play a role in the association with the vWF A1 domain.
Evaluation of Chlorothiazide Alone in the Treatment of Moderately Severe and Severe Hypertension

The effectiveness of alternate 6-month courses of chlorothiazide alone with standard antihypertensive therapy is compared in 11 patients with severe hypertension and 30 patients with moderately severe hypertension. These results are then compared with those of a 6-month combined treatment period when the patients received both chlorothiazide and standard antihypertensive therapy.
Image registration in high-dimensional feature space

We will present a new approach for pattern matching which is applicable to very high dimensional features. This approach is based on maximizing a novel non-linear measure of "mutual information" which is constructed from the k nearest neighbor graph through the feature vector set.
Benefit-cost analysis of automotive emission reductions

Abstract This study examines the optimum automotive emission control levels within a marginal benefit-cost framework. We assume that benefits consist of market and nonmarket components. Cost of control is estimated from historical and projected data as published in the literature. The results of the analyses indicate that even with a high estimate of benefits, the economically optimal vehicle emission levels are strikingly less severe than those required by the 1970 Clean Air Act.
On extension of some generalizations of quasiconformal mappings to a boundary

This work is devoted to the investigation of ring Q-homeomorphisms. We formulate conditions for a function Q(x) and the boundary of a domain under which every ring Q-homeomorphism admits a homeomorphic extension to the boundary. For an arbitrary ring Q-homeomorphism f: D → D’ with Q ∈ L 1(D); we study the problem of the extension of inverse mappings to the boundary. It is proved that an isolated singularity is removable for ring Q-homeomorphisms if Q has finite mean oscillation at a point.
Asymptotic behavior of the Gibbs sampler

Mild sufficient conditions for the ergodicity of the Gibbs sampler are obtained. The geometric ergodicity of the Gibbs sampler is then discussed, where the main tool is the “drift” criterion. This criterion requires the construction of a generalized energy function so that the chain is dissipating energy, at a suitable rate, whenever it lies outside the “center” of the state-space. For the “two-variable” case, a useful recipe is provided for constructing appropriate energy functions. These results are illustrated with four examples.
Unethical behavior in information systems: The gender factor

This article reports the findings of a survey examining whether gender differences influence the degree to which individuals recognize unethical conduct in the use and development of information technology. The results show that, on the average, there is a significant gender gap in the recognition of unethical behavior in information systems. Although, women are better able to recognize unethical actions described in information systems scenarios than men, the existence of statistically significant differences varies depending upon the nature of the ethical dilemma. The findings of this study provide both managers and researchers valuable understanding regarding the differences (and similarities) in the reactions of individuals of both genders to unethical situations in information systems.
A New Method of Positive Ray Analysis and Its Application to the Measurement of Ionization Potentials in Mercury Vapor

A new method of positive ray analysis is described which lends itself particularly well to the study of the nature of the ions formed by single electron impact in gases, the efficiency of their production, and the measurement of their ionization potentials. The novel feature of the method is the use of the uniform magnetic field of a large solenoid so to concentrate a beam of electrons as to provide a linear source of positive ions. The ions are then pulled across the magnetic field and subjected to an $\frac{e}{m}$ analysis by a suitably designed analyser.Some preliminary results are given for mercury vapor in which the ionization potentials of ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{4+}$ are found at 30, 71, and 143 volts respectively.
Effect of Surface Characteristics on Adsorption of Methyl Mercaptan on Activated Carbons

Activated carbons of different origins were studied as methyl mercaptan adsorbents in wet conditions. To broaden the spectrum of surface acidity, carbons were oxidized with hydrogen peroxide. The surface properties of adsorbents were evaluated using nitrogen adsorption, Boehm titration, potentiometric titration, and thermal analysis. The study was focused on the role of surface chemistry and porosity in the adsorption/oxidation of methyl mercaptan. The results showed that the amount adsorbed depends on the surface features. Although the main product of methyl mercaptan oxidation is dimethyl disulfide, in some cases, oxidation proceeds further, likely leading to the formation of methyl methanethiosulfonate as detected using GC/MS.
Dieldrin excretion by the isolated perfused rat liver: a sexual difference.

Abstract Radiolabeled dieldrin was added to perfusates of livers donated by male and female rats of the Holtzman strain. Bile was collected periodically during the 4-hr perfusion period. Radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation counting. Appearance of radioactivity in the bile of livers of male donors was approximately three times as rapid as the appearance of radioactivity in the bile of livers of female donors. These findings are consonant with both the lesser toxicity of dieldrin for male rats and the greater storage of dieldrin in adipose tissue by female rats reported by other investigators.
Inherited abnormal growths on the mantle of Biomphalaria glabrata

Abstract Studies involved tissue growths in four different abnormal locations associated with the mantle of Biomphalaria glabrata: on the medial surface of the pseudobranch, projecting from the end of the dorsal ridge, inside the aperture on the right side, and at the base of the rectal fold in the ventral mantle chamber. Each type of growth was observed in only one or a few stocks of B. glabrata. Laboratory observations through several generations, with selection and reproduction of isolated snails by self-fertilization, suggested the tendency for formation of each of these types of growths was inherited.
Polarization of a diffuse soft particle subjected to an alternating current field.

The polarization of a diffuse soft particle submerged in an aqueous electrolyte and subjected to a uniform alternating electric field is theoretically analyzed with the standard electrokinetic model (the Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations). The particle consists of a rigid uncharged core and a charged diffuse polyelectrolytic shell (soft layer) permeable to ions and solvent. Our focus is on the impact of the characteristics of the soft layer including the Donnan potential, the soft layer thickness, and the friction coefficient of the soft layer on the dipole coefficient, characterizing the strength of the polarization. Under the limits of thin double layers and thin polyelectrolytic shells, approximate analytical expressions to evaluate the dipole moment coefficients are derived for high-frequency and low-frequency ranges, respectively. The analytical results are compared and agree favorably with those numerically computed by the standard model. Interestingly, we discover that when the double layer is compar...
A COMPLETELY INTEGRABLE SYSTEM OF COUPLED MODIFIED KdV EQUATIONS

In this work, we study a system of coupled modified KdV (mKdV) equations. Multiple soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are derived by using the Hirota's bilinear method and the Hietarinta approach. The resonance phenomenon is examined.
Provision of Community Residences for People with Developmental Disabilities

Although it is established public policy that people with developmental disabilities live in their communities, the degree to which this is true varies greatly among the states in this country. For community residential programs to be developed, funding must be real located from large institutions. This article provides a historical background including legislation and court decisions that mandated states to deinstitutionalize and establish community residential programs. It reviews the literature that addresses the major obstacles to institutional closure and establishment of community residences.
Epitope analysis of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6: characteristic patterns of IgE-binding fingerprints among individuals with similar clinical histories

SummaryBackground Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are moderately homologous and highly potent peanut allergens. Objective To identify IgE-binding linear epitopes of Ara h 6, compare them to those of Ara h 2, and to stratify binding based on clinical histories. Methods Thirty highly peanut-allergic subjects were stratified by clinical history. Sera were diluted to contain the same amount of anti-peanut IgE. IgE binding to overlapping 20-mer peptides of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 was assessed using microarrays. Results Each subject had a unique IgE-binding fingerprint to peptides; these data were coalesced into epitope binding. IgE from subjects with a history of more severe reactions (n = 19) had a smaller frequency of binding events (BEs) for both Ara h 2 (52 BEs of 152 (19X8epitopes) possible BEs and Ara h 6 (13 BEs of 133 (19X7 epitopes) possible BEs) compared to IgE from those with milder histories (n = 11) (Ara h 2: 47 BEs of 88 (11X8 epitopes) possible BEs, P < 0.01; Ara h 6: 25 BEs of 77 (11X7 epitopes) possible BEs, P < 0.001). Using an unsupervised hierarchal cluster analysis, subjects with similar histories tended to cluster. We have tentatively identified a high-risk pattern of binding to peptides of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6, predominantly in subjects with a history of more severe reactions (OR = 12.6; 95% CI: 2.0–79.5; P < 0.01). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance IgE from patients with more severe clinical histories recognize fewer linear epitopes of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 than do subjects with milder reactions and bind these epitopes in characteristic patterns. Close examination of IgE binding to epitopes of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 may have prognostic value.
Histomorphometric and immunocytochemical studies of src-related osteopetrosis

"Knockout" of the src proto-oncogene in mice resulted in the unexpected development of osteopetrosis which was shown subsequently in 4-6 week old src-mutants to be due to failure of src-mutant osteoclasts to form ruffled borders. Histomorphometric analysis of vertebrae and humeri from 9-10 month old src-mutant mice has revealed that the osteopetrosis persists and that osteoclasts from these older mice also fail to form ruffled borders. Deficiency of src, however, does not impair formation of other complex cytoplasm extensions, such as respiratory cilia or intestinal villi. Immunocytochemistry using antibodies to pp60src has shown that the src tyrosine kinase is not localized along ruffled borders of normal osteoclasts in human bone, but is expressed diffusely throughout their cytoplasm. Furthermore, pp60src is expressed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm of non-resorbing osteoclasts in a human giant cell tumor of bone. These findings indicate that, unlike some other forms of the disorder, remission does not occur in src-deficiency-related osteopetrosis, at least by ten months of age. They also show that high expression of the pp60src protein is not confined to actively resorbing osteoclasts, but can also occur in osteoclasts unattached to bone surfaces, and suggest that there may be a critical substrate for src that is involved in ruffled border formation.
Visual imagery and historical invisibility: Antonia Torelli, her husband, and his mistress in fifteenth‐century Parma

Antonia Torelli, married to the signore Pier Maria Rossi, remains historically invisible, generally ignored by scholars and obscured by the frescoed image of Rossi's mistress Bianca Pellegrini decorating Torrechiara castle, south of Parma. In this paper, I investigate the networks and spaces of power, at once personal and multilineal, that Torelli accessed, navigated, and created. Antonia's wealth enabled her to exercise considerable authority and to foster remarkable patronage in and around Parma while living between convent and citta. Though her construction of camere at San Paolo, for instance, is significant in the context of interventions by the Rossi and Torelli in Parma's ecclesiastical networks, it is of even greater art historical importance when viewed as originating a series of aristocratic apartments at the convent culminating in Giovanna da Piacenza's camera painted by Correggio. Modern constructions of individual subjectivity, together with bourgeois notions of family and heteronormative love, have defined Antonia and Pier Maria as autonomous subjects acting only according to personal desires (read through an efficacious campaign of chivalric imagery); this study, however, underscores Antonia's agency and power even in the face of her ostensible representational absence and historical invisibility.
Continuous flow real-time PCR device using multi-channel fluorescence excitation and detection

High throughput automation is greatly enhanced using techniques that employ conveyor belt strategies with un-interrupted streams of flow. We have developed a 'conveyor belt' analog for high throughput real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) using droplet emulsion technology. We developed a low power, portable device that employs LED and fiber optic fluorescence excitation in conjunction with a continuous flow thermal cycler to achieve multi-channel fluorescence detection for real-time fluorescence measurements. Continuously streaming fluid plugs or droplets pass through tubing wrapped around a two-temperature zone thermal block with each wrap of tubing fluorescently coupled to a 64-channel multi-anode PMT. This work demonstrates real-time qPCR of 0.1-10 μL droplets or fluid plugs over a range of 7 orders of magnitude concentration from 1 × 10(1) to 1 × 10(7). The real-time qPCR analysis allows dynamic range quantification as high as 1 × 10(7) copies per 10 μL reaction, with PCR efficiencies within the range of 90-110% based on serial dilution assays and a limit of detection of 10 copies per rxn. The combined functionality of continuous flow, low power thermal cycling, high throughput sample processing, and real-time qPCR improves the rates at which biological or environmental samples can be continuously sampled and analyzed.
The Mn, Mg-intracrystalline exchange reaction in donpeacorite (Mn0.54Ca0.03Mg1.43Si2O6) and its relation to the fractionation behavior of Mn in Fe, Mg-orthopyroxene

The equilibrium intracrystalline distribution of Mn and Mg between the M1 and M2 sites of a Mn-rich/Fe-free orthopyroxene (donpeacorite) was investigated by means of annealing experiments at temperatures between 980 and 800 °C and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The data show that Mn, as does Fe 2 + in Fe-Mg orthopyroxene, preferentially orders at the M2 site. However, comparison of the distribution coefficient k D ( M n - M g ) determined in this study with k D * measured for Fe-Mg orthopyroxene shows that Mn has a much stronger preference for the M2 site relative to Fe 2 + . This result implies that the practice to partition Fe 2 + + Mn = Fe* as one species, typically implemented to determine the quenched-site occupancies in Fe-rich/Mn-poor orthopyroxene, should be abandoned and that Mn should be considered totally ordered at M2. The partitioning method, i.e., Fe vs. Fe*, has implications for the determination of cooling rates from the observed ordering state of orthopyroxene, particularly for Fe-poor compositions (Fs < 0.16).
Breastfeeding: More Than Just Good Nutrition

1. Robert M. Lawrence, MD, FAAP* 2. Ruth A. Lawrence, MD, DD (HON), FAAP† 1. *Clinical Associate Professor, Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Florida – Health Science Center, Gainesville, FL. 2. †Professor, Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics/Gynecology; Director, Human Lactation Study Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Discuss the nutritional benefits of breastfeeding and its effects on growth and development. 2. Delineate the advantages to the baby of breastfeeding. 3. Describe the benefits to the mother of breastfeeding. 4. Explain the role that breastfeeding plays in the bonding process. 5. List the differences in composition of human milk, colostrum, cow milk, and formula. 6. Describe the effects of maternal infection and medication on human milk and infant health. 7. List the few contraindications to breastfeeding. 8. Review the use of human milk in feeding preterm babies. 9. Discuss current recommendations for breastfeeding, including the role of hospitals in promoting the practice. Over the past 50 to 60 years, human milk has been described and recognized as the best first food for human infants; breast is best! Human milk provides substantial nutritional, cognitive, emotional, and immunologic benefits for the infant. Such ongoing acclamation is based on the observations and experiences of mothers, families, midwives, doulas, nutritionists, nurses, physicians, and scientists. Over the past 30 years, scientific study and research have accumulated and now constitute a large body of evidence documenting the actual benefits of breastfeeding for the infant and the mother. This article examines and references much of this evidence-based data in describing human milk and how it contributes to the health and well-being of infants and mothers. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Report on Breastfeeding in Developed Countries summarizes evidence (published in English through May 2006) on breastfeeding in maternal and infant health. (1) More than 9,000 abstracts were considered, and data from more than 400 individual studies were included after evidence-based review …
DIBS: just-in-time congestion mitigation for data centers

Data centers must support a range of workloads with differing demands. Although existing approaches handle routine traffic smoothly, intense hotspots--even if ephemeral--cause excessive packet loss and severely degrade performance. This loss occurs even though congestion is typically highly localized, with spare buffer capacity at nearby switches. In this paper, we argue that switches should share buffer capacity to effectively handle this spot congestion without the monetary hit of deploying large buffers at individual switches. Specifically, we present detour-induced buffer sharing (DIBS), a mechanism that achieves a near lossless network without requiring additional buffers at individual switches. Using DIBS, a congested switch detours packets randomly to neighboring switches to avoid dropping the packets. We implement DIBS in hardware, on software routers in a testbed, and in simulation, and we demonstrate that it reduces the 99th percentile of delay-sensitive query completion time by up to 85%, with very little impact on other traffic.