cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of a computerized career information system on a community college in an island state

Equal access to, and delivery of career guidance information to higher education students in Hawaii presents a special geographical problem, since intra-state travel between the various islands which comprise the state can only be accomplished by means of expensive air transportation. Therefore, the recent establishment of a state-wide computer-assisted career information system has been of significant assistance to college students desiring information and data relative to the world of work and occupational choices. This paper presents a report on the development, evaluation, and impact of such a system at a community college in the Hawaiian Islands.
On the Question ‘Do Numbers Exist?’

Since we know that there are four prime numbers less than 8 we know that there are numbers. This ‘short argument’ is correct but it is not an ontological claim or part of philosophy of mathematics. Both realists (Quine) and nominalists (Field) reject the short argument and adopt the idea that the existence of numbers might be posited to explain known mathematical truths. Philosophers operate with a negative conception of what numbers are: they are not in space and time, not related causally to us, not perceivable, etc. This preliminary outlook does not actually characterize a kind of existing thing at all. It creates the atmosphere of weirdness characteristic of both fictionalism and Platonism. Positing things for the sake of explanation makes sense in empirical contexts, but the intelligibility of positing cannot not survive the move to philosophy of mathematics. Modal realism is a model for the unsatisfactory thinking that generates ontological commitment in mathematics.
Rate of Formation of Oblique Shock Waves

Introduction O BLIQUE shock waves are obtained when a finite disturbance of topologically compact support, such as a finite body, moves through a compressible medium at supersonic speeds, causing a deflection of the flow within certain limits. The steady solutions of the equations of motion are well known and indicate the existence of two families of steady oblique shock waves, strong and weak shocks, respectively. These are either attached to the leading edge, or blend into a normal shock ahead of the body, depending on the leadingedge shape and body speed. The process involved in the formation of these shocks during the transient starting period and its duration are less well understood and will be examined in the present paper. Such starting transients appear in various practical problems, such as starting loads on wind-tunnel models in blowdown type tunnels, the loads on artillery shells as they emerge from the barrel, and the sudden deflection of aircraft control surfaces while in supersonic flight. A different configuration, in which the speed of shock formation has an important effect, occurs when a cascade of airfoils that is moving sideways (the Cartesian equivalent of rotation) encounters an oblique shock. Figure 1 shows the changes in the flowfield at different times for this configuration. At frame 1 (indicated by ray 1), the shock is undisturbed, and the flow is deflected uniformly following the shock. At frame 2 (ray 2), the rear part of blade A has encountered the shock and some of the shock is reflected (marked as ray 2'), as the flow on A is parallel to A. Another part of the original shock ray 2 still exists further downstream, since the information about the existence of blade A has not yet reached it. This is marked as ray 2". Frames 3 and 4 are similar to 2, except that the regions of deflected flow have grown. The present study will determine the rate of this growth. Frame 5 again shows an undisturbed shock, but this has only a finite length, as its influence has only started, a short time before. The "tail" of shock ray 5 is still moving above A. Frames 6 and 7 are equivalent to rays 2 and 3, while frame 8 shows why the cut-off tail of the shock rays just mentioned is important, because it can impact the underside of the previous blade in the row, producing a new reflection (8'").
13C NMR analysis of specifically labeled [13C] azobenzenes

13 C NMR chemical shifts and 13 C- 13 Ccouplings for six specifically labeled [ 13 C]azobenzenes are reported. Coupling magnitudesdepend on the position of labeling and the nature of the substituents
The Moderating Influence of Gender, Intelligence, and Specific Achievement Deficiencies on the Bannatyne WISC-R Recategorization

This study was designed to examine the influence of a number of possible moderating variables on the Bannatyne pattern when applied to samples of learning-disabled and emotionally disturbed students. In addition, the study examined the relationship of the Acquired Knowledge scale with the remainder of the Bannatyne recategorization. The sample was comprised of 325 male and female subjects from a medium-sized Indiana community who had been placed in special education classes for either the learning-disabled or the emotionally disturbed. A three-factor MANOVA was employed to determine possible interactions among gender, type of special class placement, and type of achievement discrepancy with the Bannatyne pattern. The Bannatyne pattern was supported for both the learning-disabled and the emotionally disturbed samples. However, the magnitude of the differences between scales within the pattern were influenced by such moderating variables as gender, intelligence, and type of achievement discrepancy, with gen...
Ferroelectric properties of mixtures of a liquid crystalline polymer and its side-group mesogen

Abstract We present the results of our studies of the ferroelectric properties of mixtures of a high polarization, ferroelectric liquid crystalline copolymer and its side-group antecedent, a high polarization, low molecular weight, ferroelectric mesogen. These two materials are found to be completely miscible in all proportions. Spontaneous polarization values and electro-optical response times are found to be monotonic functions of the weight percentage of the mesogen in the mixture, while optical tilt angles do not exhibit such a monotonic dependence.
The use of an orthopaedic rating system in major league baseball.

BACKGROUND: Although the majority of Major League Baseball teams use an orthopaedic rating system to evaluate draft picks, little has been published on the topic. HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to assess the attitudes among Major League Baseball physicians regarding 3 common diagnoses in pitching prospects, through the use of an orthopaedic rating system. Our hypothesis was that the assigned orthopaedic grades would vary among physicians, diagnoses, and operative-versus-nonoperative and recent-versus-past treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Survey. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. METHODS: A survey in the form of 12 clinical vignettes was used to query Major League Baseball physicians regarding ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries, type II superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) tears, and internal impingement. Respondents graded draft picks using an orthopaedic rating system. The vignettes covered both operative and nonoperative and recent and past treatment (successful return to pitching for 1 year). RESULTS: THE ORTHOPAEDIC GRADES ASSIGNED BY RESPONDENTS WERE AS FOLLOWS (MINIMAL, MODERATE, SEVERE RISK): past UCL reconstruction (73%, 27%, 0%), recent UCL reconstruction (19%, 77%, 4%), past UCL strain (28%, 60%, 12%), recent UCL strain (0%, 48%, 52%), past SLAP repair (52%, 48%, 0%), recent SLAP repair (4%, 64%, 32%), past SLAP nonoperative (28%, 60%, 12%), recent SLAP nonoperative (0%, 36%, 64%), past internal impingement operative (24%, 68%, 8%), recent internal impingement operative (8%, 32%, 60%), past internal impingement nonoperative (24%, 68%, 8%), and recent internal impingement nonoperative (4%, 48%, 44%). CONCLUSION: Team physicians are optimistic regarding the outcome of UCL reconstruction. In contrast, UCL strains, type II SLAP lesions, and internal impingement carry a guarded prognosis. For all diagnoses, regardless of treatment, the prognosis improved if a player returned to pitching for 1 full season. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study represents a first step toward developing a standardized orthopaedic rating system that will facilitate more accurate player assessment and clearer communication among physicians. Language: en
Deviation from sentencing guidelines: The issue of unwarranted disparity

There has been a recent trend toward sentencing guidelines in the United States, and Florida followed this pattern by adopting sentencing guidelines in 1983. The present study examined whether several extra-legal variables excluded from the guidelines influenced the elimination of unwarranted sentencing disparity following the implementation of Florida's guidelines. Age seemed to have no influence but the factors of whether there was a plea or trial, whether there was a probation or community control violation, and sex all influenced unwarranted sentencing disparity in varying degrees. The policy implications of these findings for developing sentencing guidelines are discussed.
Stellar Evolution with Arbitrary Rotation Laws. IV. Survey of Zero-Age Main-Sequence Models

A variety of fully two-dimensional, rotating zero-age main-sequence models are presented. The models include four rotation rates for each of five masses between 3 and 20 M☉. The sequence of models for each mass might be regarded as having one small, one moderate, and two fairly rapid rotations. The convective core rotation law and overshooting are determined by two-dimensional, fully implicit hydrodynamic calculations. All models exhibit convective core overshooting. The slowly rotating models show primarily radial convective motion, while the instantaneous flow patterns of the more rapidly rotating models show that the motion is primarily parallel to the rotation axis. The resulting core rotation rate may be fitted by a power law in the distance from the rotation axis, with a cutoff at small distances from the axis, at least for the moderately and rapidly rotating models. The rotation law in the radiative region external to the convective core was chosen to be uniform for the first models calculated, but some models with negative power laws were constructed. These showed that the power law could not be too steep, or the model developed a density inversion near the rotation axis because the pressure gradient must essentially balance the rotational variation, since the gradient of the gravitational potential is too shallow to aid significantly in the balance.
God, Totality and Possibility in Kant's Only Possible Argument

There has been a groundswell of interest in the account of modality that Kant sets forth in his pre-Critical Only Possible Argument. Andrew Chignell's reconstruction of Kant's theistic argument in terms of what he calls ‘real harmony’ has a prima facie advantage in that it appears to be able to block the plurality objection (namely, that even if every modal fact presupposes some ground, this does not entail that all modal facts share the same ground). I argue that it is both textually and philosophically problematic to interpret Kant's argument in terms of real harmony. Then, I set forth an alternative response to the plurality objection which does not require the adoption of the problematic notion of real harmony. Instead, I argue that the objection can be overcome by observing that the argument seeks to ground modal facts as a totality and that, according to Kant, such relations can be accounted for only by their schematization in a single intellect.
Nietzsche’s Critique of Religion: A Liberationist Perspective:

Engaging Nietzsche’s genealogy of religion from a liberationist perspective, the author argues that despite Nietzsche’s valuable insights on theology’s potential for limiting human freedom, a Chris...
The effects of discrimination training on the recognition of white and oriental faces

Recognition for faces of whites and orientals was investigated using white Ss at a predominantly white university. Ss who participated in a discrimination training, or practice, session involving a paired-associate (PA) task with oriental faces scored significantly higher on a subsequent recognition test involving oriental faces than did Ss who received no practice or Ss who received practice involving white faces. Ss who practiced with white faces did not score significantly higher on the recognition test than Ss without practice or Ss who saw oriental faces during the practice session. These results lend support to a differential experience hypothesis, with the possibility of schema functioning as a mediator of differential experience.
Livelihoods or Hardwoods: Extractive Reserves, Logging, and a Sustainable Future?

Recently images of indigenous people stripping loggers to their underwear and running them off the land have been in the media. This paper will examine the extractive reserve policies, implications, and alternative conservation strategies in Gurupa, Para. Gurupa is located roughly 500 nautical miles inland from the mouth of the Amazon, in the northeastern state of Para, near the confluence of the Amazon and Xingu rivers. Extractive reserves are governmentally relegated, rural, tracts of land set aside to stymie Amazonian land degradation. Extractive reserves in Gurupa are seen, by most, to be a great success. Yet, problems still underpin the success seen in the region. The land relegated by the government is not in the total control of people living here.Thus, policy makers have to put the people living the every day experience at the center of discussions.
Application of Singular Value Decomposition for Analysis of Mechanical System Dynamics

A singular value decomposition method for efficient solution of mixed differential-algebraic equations of motion of mechanical systems is developed. Differential equations of motion are written in terms of a maximal set of Cartesian generalized coordinates that are related through nonlinear algebraic constraint equations. Singular value decomposition of the constraint Jacobian matrix is used to define a new set of generalized coordinates that are partitioned into optimal independent and dependent sets. Integration of only independent generalized coordinates generates all system information. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate effectiveness of the method.
Sinogram smoothing with bilateral filtering for low-dose CT

Optimal noise control is critical for dose reduction in CT. In this work, we investigated the use of a locally-adaptive method for noise reduction in low-dose CT. This method is based upon bilateral filtering, which smoothes the projection data using a weighted average in a local neighborhood, where the weights are determined according to both the spatial proximity and intensity similarity between the center pixel and the neighboring pixels. This filtering is locally adaptive and can preserve important edge information in the sinogram, thus without significantly sacrificing the spatial resolution. It is closely related to anisotropic diffusion, but is significantly faster. More importantly, a CT noise model can be readily incorporated in the filtering and denoising process. We have evaluated the noise-resolution properties of the bilateral filtering in a phantom study and a preliminary patient study with contrast-enhanced abdominal CT exams. The results demonstrated that bilateral filtering can achieve a better noise-resolution tradeoff than a series of commercial reconstruction kernels. This improvement on noise-resolution properties can be used for improving the image quality in low-dose CT and can also be translated to substantial dose reduction.
Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: Review, report of a case, and chemotherapy

Basal cell carcinomas very rarely metastasize. A review of the literature revealed 90 documented cases of metastasizing basal cell carcinoma. Metastases occur most frequently to the regional lymph nodes (68%), while other sites such as bone, lungs, and liver are less frequently involved (less than 20%). We wish to report a case of metastasizing basal cell carcinoma and our experience with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy has been utilized in only three of the previously reported cases. To date a total of seven different cytotoxic agents has been tried; all have been unsuccessful. At present the drug of choice for metastasizing basal cell carcinoma awaits reports of successful treatment of metastasizing lesions; nevertheless, since the appearance of metastases in basal cell carcinoma carries an ominous prognosis (median survival of only 10 months), chemotherapy should be offered to these patients.
Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibition Enhances Chemoradiosensitivity of Human Cervical Cancers

For repair of damaged DNA, cells increase de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates through the rate-limiting, p53-regulated ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme. In this study we investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of RNR by 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, NSC #663249) enhanced chemoradiation sensitivity through a mechanism involving sustained DNA damage. RNR inactivation by 3-AP and resulting chemoradiosensitization were evaluated in human cervical (CaSki, C33-a) cancer cells through study of DNA damage (γ-H2AX signal) by flow cytometry, RNR subunit p53R2 and p21 protein steady-state levels by Western blot analysis and laser scanning imaging cytometry, and cell survival by colony formation assays. 3-AP treatment led to sustained radiation- and cisplatin-induced DNA damage (i.e. increased γ-H2AX signal) in both cell lines through a mechanism of inhibited RNR activity. Radiation, cisplatin and 3-AP exposure resulted in significantly elevated numbers and persistence of γ-H2AX foci that were associated with reduced clonogenic survival. DNA damage was associated with a rise in p53R2 but not p21 protein levels 6 h after treatment with radiation and/or cisplatin plus 3-AP. We conclude that blockage of RNR activity by 3-AP impairs DNA damage responses that rely on deoxyribonucleotide production and thereby may substantially increase chemoradiosensitivity of human cervical cancers.
Appalachian Mine Soil Morphology and Properties

Surface coal mining and reclamation methods in the Appalachians have changed dramatically since the passage of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) of 1977 and subsequent improvements in mining and reclamation technology. In this study, 30 pre-SMCRA mine soil profiles (4-20 yr old) were examined and sampled in 1980 and compared with 20 mine soil profiles (8-13 yr old) described in the same area in 2002 after it had been completely remined by modern deep cut methods. Mine soils in both sampling years had high rock fragment content (42-81%), relatively well-developed A horizons, and generally exhibited A-C or A-AC-C horizonation. Although six Bw horizons were described in 1980, only two met all requirements for cambic horizons. The 1980 mine soils developed in overburden dominated by oxidized, preweathered material due to relatively shallow mining cuts. The 1980 mine soils had lower rock fragment content, finer textures, lower pH, and tended to be more heterogeneous in horizonation, morphology, and texture than soils observed in 2002, which had formed primarily in unweathered overburden from deeper cuts. Half the pedons sampled in both years had densic materials within 70 cm of the surface. Four poorly to very poorly drained soil profiles were described in each sampling year containing distinct hydric soil indicators in surface horizons. While older pre-SMCRA mine soils do have many properties in common with newer mine soils, their properties are highly influenced by the fact that they generally have formed in more weathered overburden from higher in the geologic column. Overall, Appalachian mine soils are much more complex in subsoil morphology than commonly assumed, and differential compaction greatly complicates their internal drainage and limits their overall productivity potential.
Bladder cancer mortality in the United States, 1951-1989: increased environmental carcinogenesis in men.

Bladder cancer has been frequently associated with occupational chemical carcinogens. Increased occupational exposures may, in part, account for the increased risk of bladder cancer consistently observed in men. Age-specific bladder cancer mortality rates in the United States from 1951 to 1988 were analyzed using the Strehler-Mildvan modification of the Gompertz relationship between aging and mortality. This method of analysis, which distinguishes aggregate environmental and genetic influences upon mortality, also suggests that environmental influences upon bladder cancer mortality are significantly greater in U.S. men.
Consumption factor: A figure of merit for power consumption and energy efficiency in broadband wireless communications

In this paper, we present a universal figure of merit, the Consumption Factor (CF), that may be used to judge the power efficiency of any communications device or link. We derive expressions for the CF that account for the power efficiency of components in a homodyne transmitter, as this transmitter architecture will typify many future mm-Wave and massively broadband™ systems [1]. The CF is defined as the maximum ratio of data rate to consumed power as a function of the transceiver subsystem and channel parameters, and offers a way for circuit designers and communication engineers to optimize and compare designs of different radios. We show also how CF may be extended to other transmitter architectures beyond the homodyne architecture. As "green radios" and higher efficiency wireless devices become critical for the reduction of wasted power and improved battery life in very broadband communication systems, the analysis presented here gives a mathematical framework from which comparison and optimization of transmitter-receiver designs can be performed. This paper also provides a parametric study that shows how the analysis can be used to optimize spectral efficiency, and how to adjust an operating link set point for an operational signal-noise-ratio that achieves optimum data rates for a given consumed power level. The new methodology shows how the efficiencies and gains of different components in a radio circuit impact the CF, including antennas, power amplifiers, and mixers. The results show that the efficiency of components on the signal path of a transmitter closest to the point at which information is transmitted, such as the antenna, have the greatest impact on the CF. A follow-on study will show the impact of receiver components and channel conditions on the CF.
Philosophical dimensions of anonymity in group support systems: Ethical implications of social psychological consequences

Abstract With the aim of reducing the inefficiencies of group work, group support systems (GSS), also known as groupware, have been designed to facilitate interaction and foster collaboration and decision making within such groups. A key feature available in GSS is anonymous interaction of group members. This paper examines the ethical dimensions of two social psychological consequences of this anonymity that result from the lack of social cues—the absence of gender cues, with the attendant equalization of male–female participation, and deindividuation, with the attendant weakening of social norms, reduction of inner restraints, and loss of evaluation apprehension. Specifically, this paper suggests that the absence of gender cues within GSS-supported decision-making groups promotes the twin values of justice and autonomy, whereas deindividuation results in a “Ring of Gyges scenario” (K. A. Wallace, 1999), wherein anonymity confers immunity against the consequences of bad and disruptive behavior and thereby encourages such behavior. The paper considers the problem of miscommunication—which offsets the advantage of gender neutrality and which stems from the failure of text-based media to convey verbal nuances and emotional content—and provides practical solutions. Moreover, the paper proposes the adoption of Wallace's electronic “tagging” solution of traceable anonymity in order to avert, or reduce the incidence of, Ring of Gyges scenarios within GSS-supported groups in situations involving intentional or grossly negligent misconduct but not in cases of ordinary negligence. Additionally, the paper discusses liberty-limiting principles as justifications for the restrictions on free speech that are imposed by tagging.
Altered tibiofemoral joint contact mechanics and kinematics in patients with knee osteoarthritis and episodic complaints of joint instability

Abstract Background To evaluate knee joint contact mechanics and kinematics during the loading response phase of downhill gait in knee osteoarthritis patients with self-reported instability. Methods Forty-three subjects, 11 with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and self-reported instability (unstable), 7 with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis but no reports of instability (stable), and 25 without knee osteoarthritis or instability (control) underwent Dynamic Stereo X-ray analysis during a downhill gait task on a treadmill. Findings The medial compartment contact point excursions were longer in the unstable group compared to the stable (P = 0.046) and the control groups (P = 0.016). The peak medial compartment contact point velocity was also greater for the unstable group compared to the stable (P = 0.047) and control groups (P = 0.022). Additionally, the unstable group demonstrated a coupled movement pattern of knee extension and external rotation after heel contact which was different than the coupled motion of knee flexion and internal rotation demonstrated by stable and control groups. Interpretation Our findings suggest that knee joint contact mechanics and kinematics are altered during the loading response phase of downhill gait in knee osteoarthritis patients with self-reported instability. The observed longer medial compartment contact point excursions and higher velocities represent objective signs of mechanical instability that may place the arthritic knee joint at increased risk for disease progression. Further research is indicated to explore the clinical relevance of altered contact mechanics and kinematics during other common daily activities and to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation programs to improve altered joint biomechanics in knee osteoarthritis patients with self-reported instability.
Similarities and differences in behavioral state organization during sleep periods in the perinatal infant before and after birth

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of consistency in behavioral state organization for 30 low-risk human participants examined as fetuses at 38-40 weeks gestation and again as neonates at approximately 2 weeks postnatal age. Behavioral states were assigned similarly for fetuses and neonates in terms of heart rate pattern and the presence or absence of eye and gross body movements. We found that the time spent in a sleep period was distributed among quiet sleep (QS), active sleep (AS), and indeterminate states in virtually identical proportions for fetuses and neonates. However, the only within-subject consistency between the fetal and neonatal periods was in the duration of complete QS epochs. Fetuses made fewer transitions between QS and AS, but neonates had shorter and more structured AS-->QS transitions. These findings suggest that, whereas central nervous system processes governing QS do not change appreciably, the control of AS undergoes significant changes in the 4 weeks spanning the fetal and neonatal periods. We believe that the duration of enclosed QS epochs provides the only stable measure of behavioral state development between the prenatal and postnatal periods.
On the merits of partially impregnated catalysts

Abstract A digital computer simulation of adiabatic SO2 oxidation over supported platinum was carried out in which performance of partially impregnated catalysts (Pt deposited solely to within a fractional distance of total support radii) is compared to that of a totally impregnated support. In this diffusion-affected reaction, definite advantages in space-time-yield are shown for the partially impregnated support.
The magnitude and orientation of ventricular excitation vectors in the normal heart and following myocardial infarction.

Abstract Recordings of the heart's electrical activity as curves of spatial magnitude, frontal plane orientation, and orientation about an anteroposterior axis were obtained on 44 normal subjects and 20 patients with myocardial infarction. Records were obtained with the equlateral tetrahedron reference system and the precordial lead system of Frank. The information known to be clinically important in standard and unipolar limb leads of the electrocardiogram was present in easily recognizable form in the new records. The normal and abnormal records also showed significant differences in several parameters which could not be easily evaluated from the conventional electrocardiogram or vectorcardiogram. The spatial magnitude curves from patients with posterior infarction had significantly greater duration and smaller maximal magnitude of ventricular excitation portions of the curves. Kurtosis was significantly smaller, and the per cent of maximal amplitude reached at 40 per cent of the rise time of ventricular excitation portions of the magnitude curves was larger in records of patients with posterior infarction. In records of patients with anterior infarction obtained with the Frank electrode system, the maximal amplitude was significantly smaller and the per cent amplitude at 40 per cent of the rise time of ventricular excitation portions of the magnitude curves was significantly larger than in normal records.
Measurement of the Hall effect in liquid insulators: Challenge and surprises

Abstract Redfield's technique was adapted and modified to perform measurements of the Hall effect of excess electrons in several liquid insulators. A differential low noise charge sensitive preamplifier with an overload protection network was specially built for this purpose. It exhibits a common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 2000, which is reduced to about 20 once the sample cell is connected to it. The ultimate CMRR of the system depends strongly on the matching of the stray capacity seen by each input of the preamplifier. With this system we measured the Hall effect in samples where electrons exhibit a drift mobility > 10 cm 2 /V-s.
On the Random Young Diagrams and Their Cores

Anr-core of a Young diagram?is a residual subdiagram obtained after consecutive removals of the feasibler-long border strips, “rim hooks.” The removal process on the diagram?and the resultingr-core are the essential elements in the Murnaghan?Nakayama formula for??, the character of the associated irreducible representation ofSn(n=|?|), on the conjugacy class {r[n/r]} (n?0modr). A complete characterization ofr-cores is given, which extends a well known result forr=2. Under an assumption that the partition?is chosen uniformly at random out of all partitions ofn, it is shown that typically ther-core size is of ordern1/2, while the height and the width are of ordern1/4. Fornchosen uniformly at random between 1 andN, the core boundary scaled byN1/4is proved to converge, in distribution, to a random concave curve which consists ofr?1 line segments.
Telecaring in home care: making a telephone visit.

General Information Home care nurses can use telephone visits to identify the needs of and provide care to patients and caregivers. Implementing effective communication and advanced assessment skills, the nurse can use the telephone as a means to supplement home visits and decrease unnecessary costs of home care services. Consider using the telephone to: • Communicate scheduling issues (eg, let the patient/caregiver know the approximate time and date of the home visit or notify them of a change in the visit schedule) • Verify that the patient will be home and available on the day of the scheduled visit • Assess whether the patient/caregiver has had any medication changes or concerns about medications • Assess whether the patient has any problems with or needs home medical equipment • Assess whether the patient has any home medical supply needs • Assess whether the patient has any clinical concerns or needs. For example: —Respiratory patients should be assessed for potential symptoms of infection (new cough, changes in color or amount of mucus, difficulty breathing, etc.). —Cardiac patients should be assessed for potential symptoms of chest pain, hypotension (frequently a side effect of blood pressure medication), or edema (ask if the patient is experiencing chest pain or dizziness or how much he or she weighed that day). —Diabetic patients should be assessed for self-monitoring of blood glucose (ask what his or her blood glucose was that morning and follow up as needed). —Elderly patients should be assessed for falls or home safety needs. —Home health patients with high-tech equipment (eg, ventilator-dependent patients) should be assessed for equipment needs or concerns about operation/maintenance of that equipment in the home. • Teach patients about changes in treatment, medications, or health care needs • Provide counseling interventions and support for patient, caregiver(s), and family members • Identify patient/caregiver satisfaction with case coordination, multidisciplinary care, and home health agency services
Microfluidic enabled beam scanning focal plane arrays

A novel microfluidic enabled focal plane array (FPA) technology is introduced for the low-cost realization of high-gain beam-scanning Ka-band antennas. The proposed FPA is formed by interconnected microfluidic reservoirs and channels that are placed at the back surface of an extended hemispherical dielectric lens. Scanning is performed by moving the liquid metal antenna through the channels by utilizing a low loss dielectric solution and pumps. Therefore, the RF switching needs of the FPAs can be significantly reduced. This principle is demonstrated through an 8×1 30 GHz FPA capable of providing 70 half power beamwidth over a beam scanning range of ±300 without employing any RF switches.
Formic Acid Decomposition on Polycrystalline Platinum and Palladized Platinum Electrodes

This is a comprehensive study in which a formic acid decomposition reaction is examined as a probe of catalytic properties of polycrystalline platinum and palladized platinum electrodes. The electrode potential varies in a broad range, and the reaction is carried out in perchloric acid and sulfuric acid solutions containing different concentrations of HCOOH. Analytical methods used to access the decomposition reaction are chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. At very short times, we prove that only a negligible amount of surface CO is formed, and the CO unaffected decomposition reaction, leading to CO2 formation, can be interrogated. Surprisingly, the decomposition reaction displays Tafel behavior only in a very narrow potential range. This observation, made with both clean Pt and Pt/Pd electrodes, suggests that water−surface interactions, and/or (bi)sulfate−surface interactions, increase with increasing electrode potential and create a steric/electronic barrier for the decomposition of formic acid (a...
One-way electron discharge subsequent to the photochemical charge separation in Photosystem I☆

Abstract Subsequent to the photochemical charge separation in Photosystem I, three fates are possible: (a) recombination of the photooxidized P700+ and photoreduced P430−; (b) a cyclic electron flow involving P700+, P430− and another electron carrier present in its oxidized and reduced forms; and (c) a non-cyclic electron flow involving one electron donor reacting with P700+ and another electron acceptor reacting with P430−. This note deals with a fourth fate which is brought about only when an autooxidizable secondary electron acceptor is present but the secondary electron donor is either absent or blocked. In this case, only P430− reverts to the uncharged state in the dark by discharging its electron; P700+ remains oxidized and reverts to the uncharged state only extremely slowly.
Methyltriacetylene (CH3C6H) toward TMC-1: The Largest Detected Symmetric Top

We report the detection of a new interstellar methylpolyyne, CH3C6H (methyltriacetylene), with the 100 m Green Bank Telescope. Ten spectral lines of this species were detected toward the Taurus molecular cloud (TMC-1): the K = 0 and K = 1 components of the 12,K-11,K, 13,K-12,K, 14,K-13,K, 15,K-14,K, and 16,K-15,K transitions. Also observed were the K = 0 and K = 1 components of the 6,K-5,K transition of CH3C4H (methyldiacetylene). For both methylpolyynes, no higher energy K-components were detected, which is consistent with the 10 K kinetic temperature of the TMC-1 dark cloud. Moreover, radio spectral line data of the cyanopolyyne, methylcyanopolyyne, and methylpolyyne carbon-chain sequences were studied, and strong correlations are found among the values of the three different carbon-chain slopes when total column densities of sequence members are plotted against the number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain. This result suggests that the formation chemistry for all these carbon-chain sequences is common, and the total column density of the next larger, undetected species in each of the three carbon chain sequences is predicted.
Infrared Kerr rotation and magnetic properties of amorphous U-Sb films

Magnetron-sputtered thin films of amorphous U-Sb with various U concentrations x have been measured in the infrared photon energy range as low as 0.65 eV using polar Kerr rotation. For x>50 at.% the polar Kerr spectra are dominated by a broad negative peak near 1 eV. For x >
Ion Implantation Studies of Nuclear Waste Forms

The first observations of physical and chemical changes induced by lead implantation damage and leaching are reported for two proposed U.S. nuclear waste forms (PNL 76-68 borosilicate glass and Sandia titanate ceramics) for commercial wastes. To simulate the effects of recoil nucleii due to alpha decay, the materials were implanted with lead ions at equivalent doses up to approximately 1 × 1019 α decays/cm3. In the titanate waste form, the zirconolite, perovskite, hollandite, and rutile phases all exhibited a mottled appearance in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) typical of defect clusters in radiation damaged, crystalline solids. One titanate phase containing uranium was found by TEM to be amorphous after implantation at the highest dose. No enhanced leaching (deionized water, room temperature, 24 hours) of the irradiated titanate waste form, including the amorphous phase, was detected by TEM, but Rutherford backscattering (RBS) suggested a loss of cesium and calcium after 21 hours of leaching. The RBS spectra also indicated enhanced leaching from the PNL 76-68 borosilicate glass after implantation with lead ions, in general agreement with the observations of Dran, et al. [6, 7] on other irradiated materials. Elastic recoil detection spectroscopy (ERD), used to profile hydrogen after leaching, showed penetration of the hydrogen to several thousand angstroms for both the implanted and unimplanted materials. These basic studies identified techniques to follow the changes that occur on implantation and leaching of complex amorphous and crystalline waste forms. These studies were not designed to produce comparisons between waste forms of gross leach rates.
A pivoting strategy for symmetric tridiagonal matrices

The LBLT factorization of Bunch for solving linear systems involving a symmetric indefinite tridiagonal matrix T is a stable, efficient method. It computes a unit lower triangular matrix L and a block 1 × 1 and 2 × 2 matrix B such that T=LBLT. Choosing the pivot size requires knowing a priori the largest element σ of T in magnitude. In some applications, it is required to factor T as it is formed without necessarily knowing σ. In this paper, we present a modification of the Bunch algorithm that can satisfy this requirement. We demonstrate that this modification exhibits the same bound on the growth factor as the Bunch algorithm and is likewise normwise backward stable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncovering Cultural Bias in Ethics Consultation

promise in complex clinical or corporate settings. It also demands that I be knowledgeable about current Catholic teaching and its pastoral implications and applications. Finally, it demands that I respect the deeply held opinions of others even when I might disagree with them, and that I hold in special regard the needs of the poor and marginalized, whomever they might be. References Agich, G. J. 2001. The question of method in ethics consultation. The American Journal of Bioethics 1(4): 31–41.
Corrigendum to “Metabolic alterations in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder: A 3T CSF-corrected magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study” [Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 162(2) (2008) 113–121]

Corrigendum Corrigendum to “Metabolic alterations in medication-free patients with bipolar disorder: A 3T CSF-corrected magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study” [Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 162(2) (2008) 113–121] John D. Port⁎, Sencan S. Unal, David A. Mrazek, Susan M. Marcus Department of Radiology (Mayo E2A), Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Spermiogenesis of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): an Ultrastructure Study of Eupyrene Sperm in Sterile Backcross Males

Sterile backcross (BC) males originate from the hybridization of Heliothis subflexa (Guennee) females to H. virescens (F.) males followed by recurrent backcrossing of the fertile female progeny to H. virescens males. Ultrastructural transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of the postmeiotic maturation of eupyrene sperm cells in BC males, and comparisons with the cells in normal H. virescens males, show that the early stages in cell differentiation and maturation are similar in BC and normal H. virescens males. In 3- or 5-d-old pupae, some of the BC spermatids contain large vacuoles in the cytoplasm or in the mitochondrial derivatives (MDs). Also, the MDs are greatly enlarged at certain levels in the sperm tail and appear normal in other sections. Other structures in the maturing sperm cell, such as the axial filament, cell membranes, manchette system, satellite bodies, and cristae, maintain normal morphology. In more mature eupyrene sperm bundles, it appears that cell membranes often rupture and some of the cells fuse to form abnormal structures with multiple axial filaments and malformed MDs. In any given section we commonly observe some cells with gross abnormalities of the MDs and neighboring cells in the section that are normal. As maturation of the eupyrene sperm bundle continues, the abnormalities become much more severe. In adult BC males, some cells appear normal in some sections. However, in other sections it is difficult to recognize any normal eupyrene sperm cells, and there is generalized breakdown of many cells in the sperm bundle.
Testosterone and libido in holstein bulls of various ages.

Abstract Testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay in the blood plasma collected from 197 and 195 Holstein bulls in the spring and fall seasons, respectively. Bulls ranged in age from 8 mo to 13.5 yr. The average value for spring was 8.0 ng/ml, higher than the value of 5.7 ng/ml in the fall. Also, there was a tendency for testosterone to increase with age of the bulls up to 6 to 7 yr. The concentration of circulating testosterone was unrelated to libido or semen quality.
Structural and mechanical properties of individual human telomeric G-quadruplexes in molecularly crowded solutions

Recent experiments provided controversial observations that either parallel or non-parallel G-quadruplex exists in molecularly crowded buffers that mimic cellular environment. Here, we used laser tweezers to mechanically unfold structures in a human telomeric DNA fragment, 5′-(TTAGGG)4TTA, along three different trajectories. After the end-to-end distance of each unfolding geometry was measured, it was compared with PDB structures to identify the best-matching G-quadruplex conformation. This method is well-suited to identify biomolecular structures in complex settings not amenable to conventional approaches, such as in a solution with mixed species or at physiologically significant concentrations. With this approach, we found that parallel G-quadruplex coexists with non-parallel species (1:1 ratio) in crowded buffers with dehydrating cosolutes [40% w/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or acetonitrile (ACN)]. In crowded solutions with steric cosolutes [40% w/v bovine serum albumin (BSA)], the parallel G-quadruplex constitutes only 10% of the population. This difference unequivocally supports the notion that dehydration promotes the formation of parallel G-quadruplexes. Compared with DNA hairpins that have decreased unfolding forces in crowded (9 pN) versus diluted (15 pN) buffers, those of G-quadruplexes remain the same (20 pN). Such a result implies that in a cellular environment, DNA G-quadruplexes, instead of hairpins, can stop DNA/RNA polymerases with stall forces often <20 pN.
Natural killer cell activity in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a pilot study

Natural killer cell activity was prospectively studied in 15 patients with chronic schizophrenia and in seven patients with schizoaffective disorder, depressed type. These patients were compared to individually matched normal controls. No mean differences in natural killer cell activity between the patient groups and their controls were observed.
Citizen Feedback and Delivery of Urban Services

Summary Citizen feedback is considered an effective means for improving the performance of public utilities. But how well does such information reflect the actual quality of service delivery? We investigate this question using data for Bangalore, India. In our framework actual service levels as well as expectations about service performance influence household satisfaction. We find that satisfaction increases with improvements in own service status, but is also influenced by comparisons with service levels of neighbors or peers. This implies that satisfaction is at least in part determined by factors that are unrelated to actual service quality experienced by the household.
A role for the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus in cholinergic modulation of breathing at night during wakefulness and NREM sleep

For many years, acetylcholine has been known to contribute to the control of breathing and sleep. To probe further the contributions of cholinergic rostral pontine systems in control of breathing, we designed this study to test the hypothesis that microdialysis (MD) of the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine into the pontine respiratory group (PRG) would decrease breathing more in animals while awake than while in NREM sleep. In 16 goats, cannulas were bilaterally implanted into rostral pontine tegmental nuclei (n = 3), the lateral (n = 3) or medial (n = 4) parabrachial nuclei, or the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus (KFN; n = 6). After >2 wk of recovery from surgery, the goats were studied during a 45-min period of MD with mock cerebrospinal fluid (mCSF), followed by at least 30 min of recovery and a second 45-min period of MD with atropine. Unilateral and bilateral MD studies were completed during the day and at night. MD of atropine into the KFN at night decreased pulmonary ventilation and breathing frequency and increased inspiratory and expiratory time by 12-14% during both wakefulness and NREM sleep. However, during daytime studies, MD of atropine into the KFN had no effect on these variables. Unilateral and bilateral nighttime MD of atropine into the KFN increased levels of NREM sleep by 63 and 365%, respectively. MD during the day or at night into the other three pontine sites had minimal effects on any variable studied. Finally, compared with MD of mCSF, bilateral MD of atropine decreased levels of acetylcholine and choline in the effluent dialysis fluid. Our data support the concept that the KFN is a significant contributor to cholinergically modulated control of breathing and sleep.