cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotions Associated with Verbal Aggression Expression and Suppression

Previous research has demonstrated the negative consequences of receiving verbally aggressive messages; however, the consequences of verbal aggression for message senders are less clear. This study examined the emotional experience of expressing and suppressing verbal aggression within interpersonal encounters. Exposure to family verbal aggression in childhood also was examined as an individual difference relevant to the emotional experience of verbal aggression in adulthood. One hundred and nine college-aged students provided open-ended accounts of provocative situations in which they expressed or suppressed verbal aggression. The results and discussion illuminate and contrast people's emotional experience of expressing and suppressing verbal aggression.
The Unanticipated Interpersonal and Societal Consequences of Choice Victim Blaming and Reduced Support for the Public Good

Choice makes North Americans feel more in control, free, and independent, and thus has many positive consequences for individuals' motivation and well-being. We report five studies that uncovered novel consequences of choice for public policy and interpersonal judgments. Studies 1 through 3 found that activating the concept of choice decreases support for policies promoting intergroup equality (e.g., affirmative action) and societal benefits (e.g., reducing environmental pollution), but increases support for policies promoting individual rights (e.g., legalizing drugs). Studies 4 and 5 found that activating the concept of choice increases victim blaming and decreases empathy for disadvantaged people. Study 5 found that choice does not decrease Indians' empathy for disadvantaged individuals, indicating that the social and interpersonal consequences of choice are likely culture-specific. This research suggests that the well-known positive effects of choice for individuals can be accompanied by an array of previously unexamined and potentially negative outcomes for other people and for society.
Two-dimensional numerical analysis of integrated bipolar transistors

Numerical techniques are applied to analyze the complete integrated transistor including the emitter, base and collector. Continuity relationships for electrons and holes and expressions for electron and hole mobility are solved in two dimensions, to obtain the electron and hole densities and current density vectors throughout the complete device. Boundary conditions for contacts, surfaces, and isolation regions are also included.
Stability of Self-Concept in Field-Dependent and Field-Independent Children

Summary.-Changes in self-concept patterns of field-independent and fielddependent pre-adolescents (n = 63) were examined. No pattern of change was found by either sex or cognitive style. Witkin and his associates (7, 8, 10) have suggested that individuals who tend to be consistent on a battery of cognitive-perceptual tasks tend to be consistent in personality and social behavior. One major personality construct which has received increasing attention by researchers and practitioners is selfconcept. However, little attention has been given to the relationship of selfconcept to field independence-field dependence. Vernon (6) in a review of literature relating to field independence noted no studies of self-esteem among the large number of studies using self-report inventories. Pawelkiewicz and McIntire (5) recently reported higher self-esteem scores on the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory ( 1 ) for field independent pre-adolescent boys and girls. Ir is generally concluded that field independence-dependence is a relatively stable trait in individuals (9). Such a statement cannot be made relative to self-esteem. The proliferation of theories of self, a plethora of instruments and definitions, and the lack of construct validity of the various measures have contributed to a situation where Wylie ( 11 ) noted that the existent theories are in many ways ambiguous and overlapping. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in self-concept patterns of field-independent and fielddependent pre-adolescents over a span of two academic years. METHOD The subjects were 63 children, 31 males and 32 females, enrolled in the third grade during the fall of 1973 in two rural elementary schools in central Maine. The students were from white, low to middle-class families. The students were administered Oltrnan's (4) Portable Rod-and-frame Test as a measure of field independence-field dependence. Students falling in the upper quartile were labelled field-dependent and those in the lower quartile, field-independent. The Later Elementary Form of the Self-concept and Motivation Inventory (3) was used to measure dimensions of school selfconcept. The test has four subscales: Achievement Needs, Achievement Investment, Role Expectancy and Self-adequacy. The first two scales are com
Radiometry Without Standard Sources/ Electrically Calibrated Pyroelectrics

A radiometer using an electrically calibrated pyroelectric detector has been developed. The system, using a number of unique concepts, was designed to be a truly useful measurement tool for optical radiation of wavelengths from 0.4 to beyond 12 μm at power levels of microwatts. No standard sources are required for calibrations.
Land Use Function in Water Quality Management

. The Nation has entered a new era of water quality management in which land use policy and regulation must assume an increasingly important role. The benefits of tertiary and advanced waste treatment may be offset by contradictory land use and pollution from land runoff. Unless land use planning and controls are included in water quality management, land-imposed constraints on water quality can be anticipated. Pollution from major types of land runoff are reviewed with respect to sources, effects, and control procedures. Emphasis is given to land use practices and controls. The crucial issue with regard to the latter is lack of land use policies at federal, state, and local levels. State legislation establishing guidelines and minimum standards for land use regulation by local government is required. The dependency of water quality on land use points to the fallacy of attempting to provide for comprehensive water pollution control outside the context of comprehensive land-water resource planning and management.
Practical advances in asynchronous design and in asynchronous/synchronous interfaces

Asynchronous systems are being viewed as an increasingly viable alternative to purely synchronous systems. This paper gives an overview of the current state of the art in practical asynchronous circuit and system design in four areas: controllers, datapaths, processors, and the design of asynchronous/synchronous interfaces.
RACIAL DISPARITY OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN PROSTATE CANCER

Purpose The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PC) signal transduction and is the target of a novel class of anticancer agents. Despite recent reports of interethnic variation in response to EGFR inhibitors, limited information exists regarding differences in expression of EGFR in PC patients. This has therapeutic relevance because a better understanding of the molecular basis underlying the ethnic variability will help in the design of individualized treatment regimens using EGFR inhibitors. Patients and Methods We investigated EGFR expression in a well-characterized cohort of PC patients to determine the association between EGFR expression and race. Tumor tissues from 202 radical prostatectomies performed between 1990 and 2000 at the Veterans Administration Medical Center (New York, NY) were studied (142 African Americans, 60 whites; median age, 67 years; stage T2, n = 130; stage ≥ T3, n = 72; Gleason score < 7, n = 110; Gleason score ≥ 7, n = 92). Membrane...
A two-step approach for the catalytic conversion of glucose to 2,5-dimethylfuran in ionic liquids

Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive resource for producing transportation fuels, and consequently novel approaches are being sought for transforming the lignin and cellulosic constituents of biomass to fuels or fuel additives. Glucose, the monomer of cellulose, is a good starting material for exploring such chemistries. We report here the results of an investigation aimed at identifying catalysts for the dehydration of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) dissolved in ionic liquids and the subsequent conversion of HMF to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), a high-energy content product that could be used as a fuel or fuel additive. Heteropoly acids were found to be exceptionally active and selective catalysts for the dehydration of glucose. Nearly 100% yield of HMF could be achieved using 12-molybdophosphoric acid (12-MPA) in a solution of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIMCl) and acetonitrile. The addition of acetonitrile to EMIMCl suppressed the formation of humins from glucose. The high HMF selectivity achievable with heteropoly acid catalysts is ascribed to stabilization of 1,2-enediol and other intermediates involved in the dehydration of glucose and the avoidance of forming the 2,3-enediol intermediate leading to furylhydroxymethyl ketone (FHMK). Carbon-supported metals, and in particular Pd/C, were effective in promoting the hydrogenation of HMF dissolved in EMIMCl and acetonitrile to DMF. The following intermediates were observed in the hydrogenation of HMF to DMF: 5-methylfurfural (MF), 5-methylfurfyl alcohol (MFA), and 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF). The relative rate of formation and consumption of these compounds was explored by using each of them as a reactant in order to identify the reaction pathway from HMF to DMF. It was also observed that HMF produced via glucose dehydration could be converted to DMF without isolation, if the dehydration catalyst, 12 MPA, was replaced by the hydrogenation catalyst, Pd/C. This two-step catalytic approach provides the basis for completely converting glucose to HMF and further converting HMF to DMF.
Industrial Decentralisation and the Dynamics of Forced Labour in South Africa

In the 1950s the South African Government developed a broad strategy aimed at maintaining the supply of forced labour, named apartheid or ‘separate development’. Much more than a system of segregation, the programme involved moving large numbers of Africans from the urban centres into the underdeveloped Reserves, comprising 14 per cent of the least arable land in South Africa. Industry would then be shifted to the borders of these Bantustans. This last element of the scheme, the policy of industrial decentralisation, has been the main instrument for providing income to Africans in the rural areas. By examining this element in South African state planning, within the context of the apartheid system as a whole, I have tried to isolate some of the crucial dynamics of forced labour.
An RSSI-based filter for mobility control of mobile wireless ad hoc-based unmanned ground vehicles

The number of missions in which unmanned vehicles are required to work collaboratively is increasing. In these applications, maintaining continuous communication among the vehicles is crucial. Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are being used in swarming platforms of unmanned vehicles given the increased range of coverage and the extra reliability that they provide. However, autonomous navigation includes the possibility of vehicles going out of communication range, producing network partitions and hindering the mission's success. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed that uses the Received Signal Strength (RSSI) to determine when the vehicle has to modify its mobility pattern to remain in contact with the rest of the group. The algorithm, implemented in a platform of unmanned ground vehicles, was tested in indoor and outdoor environments. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively filter out unexpected propagation effects and provide a smooth estimate of the signal strength that the vehicles can use to control their mobility and maintain their connectivity at all times. In addition, the algorithm is simple to implement and has low computational requirements.
Alternative Approaches for Educating Future Global Marketing Professionals A Comparison of Foreign Study and Research-Intensive Marketing Programs

Using an experiential learning model as a conceptual background, this article discusses characteristics and learning objectives for well-known foreign study programs such as study tours, study abroad, and internships and compares them with a less common overseas program called the Global Marketing Program (GMP). GMP involves interdisciplinary student–faculty team travel abroad to conduct marketing research on behalf of U.S. companies. International business foreign study program professionals were surveyed and rated the importance of key student learning objectives for these programs. The study abroad program and study tour are well suited for cultural immersion; the international internship provides development of international business skills as well as cultural immersion at levels higher than the other three programs. The GMP outperforms the study tour and study abroad in the development of international business skills and surpasses the study tour in providing cultural immersion for students. The GMP ...
Dynamics-based control of robotic swarms

In this work we consider methods for dynamics-based control of swarms of cooperating differentially-driven mobile robots. The techniques developed enable the use of methods from redundant manipulator control and show a marked improvement over equivalent kinematics-based techniques for both homogeneous and heterogeneous swarms
Iterative reconstruction of bandlimited images from nonuniformly spaced samples

We investigate the reconstruction of band-limited 2-D functions from nonuniformly spaced samples. Three algorithms which iterate between the space and frequency domains are developed. The algorithms differ in the manner in which the known value of the function at sample points is used to correct the reconstruction at each iteration. Convergence of the algorithms is speeded by choosing the largest possible gain for the error correction. The performance of the three methods is compared to that of thin-plate spline interpolation in terms of signal to error energy ratio.
The role of behavioral research in the prevention and management of invasive diarrheas.

Reduction in the prevalence of invasive diarrheal diseases can be facilitated by the development of models for systematic examination of behavioral risk factors that are associated with these illnesses. These factors include insufficient use of health care services, noncompliance with treatment, unhygienic behaviors, employment of poor feeding practices for infants and young children, and inappropriate handling of foods
Training TAs in scientific teaching for the human physiology and anatomy laboratory.

SCIENTIFIC TEACHING (ST) is a method developed nearly a decade ago by Handelsman and colleagues (2) in which instructional practice in undergraduate science is based on current educational research findings and established best practices. The ST approach uses a process in which all students, especially those in courses with large enrollments, are more actively engaged in learning compared with traditional lecture-based courses. Unique to ST is an active learning and inquiry-based framework that aims to ensure that the needs of students with diverse learning styles and backgrounds are addressed. Furthermore, students’ ongoing progress toward achieving the course learning goals can be assessed dynamically (e.g., via in-class responses while students are engaged in the process of learning) and at higher cognitive levels (e.g., beyond rote memorization), as demonstrated by Bloom’s taxonomy of learning domains (1). When integrated into a curriculum, ST methods have been shown to improve student knowledge retention because participation in these structured activities and group discussions has been shown to facilitate the identification of misconceptions, construction of new knowledge, and development of critical-thinking skills (9). Implementation of a variety of structured activities also appeals to a broader variety of learning styles (9). In 2010, we incorporated the ST approach into the lecture portion of our Enhanced Human Anatomy and Physiology course at the University of Connecticut. Because this approach is particularly well suited to the laboratory classroom setting where an interactive approach is much more easily implemented, in 2011 we also adopted the ST approach into the laboratory component of our course. To facilitate this process as well as to extend the impact of an individual instructor, we trained a cohort of graduate teaching assistants (TAs) to use this teaching approach in multiple sections of inquiry-based laboratory and regular laboratory settings. Despite a few articles that address student-centered TA training in chemistry laboratory courses (3, 4), there are no published reports evaluating the application of ST to graduate student TA training in physiology. What follows is an examination of the effects that training TAs in ST had on student attitudes about 1) their perceived laboratory learning experience and 2) their perceived integration of what is learned in the laboratory to their overall understanding of course content.
Recognition of the International Human Right to Health and Health Care in the United States

This article reviews the history and progress of the realization of the international human right to health in the United States. Realization is defined and described as ratification of international human rights treaties, on which the US performance is poor, and constitutional guarantees and legislative and regulatory programming at the federal and state level. Key to realizing the international human right to health throughout the world is how progress is measured. Historically, progress has been measured by ratification of treaties, adoption of legal authorities for public health care programs, and comparison of per capita health expenditures as a proxy for resources committed to health care. These measures fall short as accurate indicators of true progress. Health services research has developed indicators, measures, methods and data for measuring and comparing progress in the realization of the international human right to health. The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and World Bank have promoted development of statistical indicators and assisted nations in developing infrastructure for collecting data and reporting indicators. The four key categories of indicators to date are: (1) population health status and outcomes, (2) population access to health care, (3) health sector performance on quality and efficiency, and (4) government competence and commitment to health care. Comparing national performance on realization of the international human right to health with statistical indicators is more informative than comparing legal institutions or per capita health spending. The case of the US is instructive. The US spends more on health care per capita than other countries but performs less well on measures of population-based health status or health sector performance. Also, inequity in American society contributes to disparate health outcomes.
A Novel Scheme to Connect Wind Turbines to the Power Grid

In this paper, a new scheme is proposed to connect wind turbines to the power grid. This scheme helps in limiting the fault currents as well as in voltage unbalance compensation. Voltage is injected in series with the transmission line to limit the fault currents as well as to balance the voltages. This scheme allows wind turbines to remain synchronized to the grid during faults or during low voltages and is useful for doubly fed as well as squirrel cage induction generators.
Preliminary report on the application of a high performance liquid chromatographic method for alprazolam in postmortem blood specimens.

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of alprazolam In postmortem blood specimens is described. The method Is sensitive, reproducible, and gives good resolution between other benzodiazepines. Recovery of alprazolam from spiked blood specimens at 100 nglmL was 89%. The procedure was applied to a case of suicidal Ingestion of alprazolam and a blood concentration of 177 ng/mL was determined. alprazolam (Upjohn) were prepared in methanol. Working solutions (100 ~tg/mL) were made by appropriate dilution of stock solutions with methanol. Instrumentation
Structural and optical properties of MgxCd1−xTe alloys grown on InSb (100) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy

A II–VI/Si tandem cell concept is proposed here to potentially reach greater than 30% energy conversion efficiency under one-sun condition. The required MgCdTe alloy with a bandgap of ∼ 1.7 eV has been successfully grown on InSb (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with excellent structural and optical qualities, confirmed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and temperature-dependent steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence.
Enhancing Resilience in Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Among the variety of developmental and physical disabilities that have been studied, certain of these have been known to affect families more (drastically) than others. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is such a disability. In the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000), the term ASDs is used to describe five related neurodevelopmental disorders contained within the diagnostic classification of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). That is, ASD is an umbrella term that refers to a range of disorders affecting multiple areas of development: social–emotional development, communication, sensory processing, cognition, and behavioral domains. The highly variable manifestations of autism can range from a nonverbal child with severe cognitive impairment and aggression or self-injurious behaviors to a college student with above-average intelligence and a successful academic and work record (Muhle, Trentacoste, & Rapin, 2004).
Effects of Interleukin-12 on the Immune Response to a Multipeptide Vaccine for Resected Metastatic Melanoma

PURPOSE: Forty-eight patients with high-risk re-sected stage III or IV melanoma were immunized with two tumor antigen epitope peptides derived from gp100209-217(210M) (IMDQVPSFV) and tyrosin-ase368-376(370D) (YMDGTMSQV) emulsified with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). Patients received peptides/IFA with or without interleukin (IL)-12 30 ng/kg to evaluate the toxicities and immune responses in either arm with time to relapse and survival as secondary end points. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Immunizations were administered every 2 weeks for 8 weeks, then every 4 weeks for 12 weeks, and then once 8 weeks later. A leukapheresis to obtain peripheral-blood mononuclear cells for immune analyses was done before and after vaccination. Skin testing with peptides and recall reagents was performed before and after vaccinations. RESULTS: Local pain and granuloma formation, fever, and lethargy of grade 1 or 2 were observed. Transient vaccine-related grade 3—but no grade 4—toxicity was observed. Thirty-four of 40 patients d...
Electrodeposition of Polydopamine Thin Films for DNA Patterning and Microarrays

The controlled electrodeposition of functional polydopamine (PDA) thin films from aqueous dopamine solutions is demonstrated with a combination of electrochemistry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements. PDA micropatterns are then fabricated by electrodeposition on micrometer length scale gold electrodes and used for attaching amino-modified single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). After hybridization with fluorescently labeled ssDNA, the fluorescence microscopy characterization reveals that: (i) PDA can be toposelectively deposited at the microscale and (ii) electrochemically deposited PDA can be functionalized with amino-terminated ssDNA using the same chemistry as that for spontaneously deposited PDA. Finally, the application of electrodeposited PDA thin films to fabricate ssDNA microarrays is reported using SPR imaging (SPRI) measurements for the detection of DNA and DNA-modified gold nanoparticles.
Cooperative induction of mammary tumorigenesis by TGFα and Wnts

We previously reported that multiparous WAP-TGFalpha transgenic mice develop mammary gland carcinomas with complete incidence. TGFalpha-induced tumors appear stochastically and with relatively long latency, indicating an additional requirement for other genetic alterations. To identify genes that cooperate with TGFalpha in mammary tumorigenesis, we used a retroviral insertion approach featuring a cloned and infectious hybrid MMTV (C3H/Mtv-1; (Shackleford and Varmus, 1988)). Tumor latency was decreased approximately 30% in MMTV-infected WAP-TGFalpha transgenic animals compared to noninfected transgenic controls, and > 30% of the corresponding tumors displayed evidence of integrated C3H/Mtv-1 DNA. PCR-based analyses of DNAs from two virus-infected, transgenic tumors revealed integration of hybrid MMTV in 3' untranslated exons of the Wnt-1 or Wnt-3 oncogenes. Moreover, Northern blots confirmed dramatic induction of Wnt-1 or Wnt-3 transcripts in the respective tumors, indicating that MMTV integration resulted in activated expression of these genes. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that overexpression of Wnt-1 or Wnt-3 was a common occurrence in MMTV-infected WAP-TGFalpha tumors, and some noninfected WAP-TGFalpha tumors also showed evidence of elevated Wnt-3 transcripts. Collectively, these results reveal cooperative induction of mammary gland tumorigenesis by simultaneous deregulation of EGF-like (TGFalpha) and Wnt growth factors.
Molecular pathology for the anatomical pathologist: a case based discussion

The field of anatomical pathology is quickly moving from a descriptive science, where diagnoses were made based upon the visual clues present on the haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained glass slide, to being a much more comprehensive diagnostic specialty. In the new era of surgical and cytopathology, interpretation of disease will take into account the morphology, the protein expression profile, the underlying genomic changes, and other alterations and changes that fundamentally affect the cells. This combined approach to diagnostics can potentially enable better diagnoses, more refined prognostics, and can impact on therapeutic modalities that are selected. While the field is exploding with new biomarkers and molecular targets, pathologists continue to struggle with difficult questions. What molecular markers should I be considering for different tumour types? How should the results be interpreted in the context of the morphological findings? What role does that pathologist have in guiding treatment based upon the molecular profiling of disease? These questions, and more, will be answered in this case-based presentation of some selected lesions in anatomical pathology that have newly developing molecular implications.
On the History of Ink for Chinese Calligraphy and Painting

The history of Chinese ink goes back to ancient times.The earliest appearance of ink is in the Warring States.During the Jin dynasty,the material for ink had been established.During Tang and Song dynasties the center of ink industry moved to the south,and Huizhou ink stick appeared.Ming and Qing dynasties are the peak period for the ink industry.
NIOSH field studies team assessment: Worker exposure to aerosolized metal oxide nanoparticles in a semiconductor fabrication facility

ABSTRACTThe ubiquitous use of engineered nanomaterials—particulate materials measuring approximately 1–100 nanometers (nm) on their smallest axis, intentionally engineered to express novel properties—in semiconductor fabrication poses unique issues for protecting worker health and safety. Use of new substances or substances in a new form may present hazards that have yet to be characterized for their acute or chronic health effects. Uncharacterized or emerging occupational health hazards may exist when there is insufficient validated hazard data available to make a decision on potential hazard and risk to exposed workers under condition of use. To advance the knowledge of potential worker exposure to engineered nanomaterials, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Nanotechnology Field Studies Team conducted an on-site field evaluation in collaboration with on-site researchers at a semiconductor research and development facility on April 18–21, 2011. The Nanomaterial Exposure Assessment ...
Analysis of Eemiological characteristics of Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in 2008 in Wuhu

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Wuhu,and provide scientific evidence for controlling and preventing measures.Methods Collected the data of hand,foot and mouth disease in Wuhu in 2008 and analyzed the data by descriptive epidemiology method.Some patients were diagnosed through RT-PCR.Results The incidence of hand,foot and mouth disease was 55.63/100000 in Wuhu in 2008.No deaths occurred.412 male cases,276 female cases were reported.The ratio between male and female was 1.79:1.The peak of hand,foot and mouth disease was from May to August and from October to December.Most cases occured in Jiujiang District,the rate was 73.33/100000.The least cases occurred in Nanling County,the rate was 37.39/100000.There were significant differences of the HFMD incidences among the counties and districts(χ2=8.63,P0.01).87.68% cases were less than 5 years old.The youngest was 3 months,the oldest was 38 years.81 specimens were detected.The positive rate of EV71 was 9.88%.Conclusion Incidence were different among sexes,seasons,ages and places.HFMD surveillance should be strengthened for less than 5years old children.Pathogen detection should be enhanced.
Shedding of transferrin receptor from rat reticulocytes during maturation in vitro: soluble transferrin receptor is derived from receptor shed in vesicles

Measurements of circulating transferrin (Tf) receptor are useful in assessing erythropoiesis; however, steps involved in the generation of soluble Tf receptor from cellular receptor are incompletely understood. To obtain a better understanding of this process, we investigated the loss of Tf receptor during terminal maturation of rat reticulocytes in vitro. Previous studies have identified Tf receptor-containing vesicles in the culture medium of maturing reticulocytes. In the present study, vesicle-free reticulocyte culture medium was found to contain functional and immunoreactive soluble Tf receptor, which increased over time. During a 44-hour incubation, Tf receptor on reticulocytes decreased by approximately 69%, while, of the Tf receptor shed to the medium, 65% was present in vesicles and 35% was in a soluble form. Isolated vesicles reincubated in fresh medium released soluble Tf receptor to the medium. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the isolated soluble receptor protein was mainly 190 Kd and 95 Kd under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively, similar in size to the vesicular and cellular receptor. Our studies show that loss of Tf receptor from rat reticulocytes during maturation in vitro involves shedding of cellular Tf receptor in vesicles and release of soluble receptor from these vesicles.
A model of second-harmonic generation in fibers based on anisotropic photoexcitation of defect electrons

We present a self-consistent model of the self-organized efficient second-harmonic generation in glass fibers. It is based on the photoionization properties of an atom subject to a pair of harmonically related fields with frequencies ω and 2ω. Such an atom can exhibit anisotropic photoelectron emission. The direction of electron emission depends on the relative phase difference between the harmonic fields, and experimental evidence of the anisotropy has recently been reported.1-3 That it may play a role in fiber second-harmonic generation was suggested by Baranova et al.4
Long-Term Prospective Study of Height and Weight in Children and Adolescents with ADHD

The effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), gender and treatment on growth outcomes in children followed into adulthood were studied by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Role of the Ion Channel Extracellular Collar in AMPA Receptor Gating

AMPA subtype ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission and are implicated in numerous neurological diseases. Ionic currents through AMPA receptor channels can be allosterically regulated via different sites on the receptor protein. We used site-directed mutagenesis and patch-clamp recordings to probe the ion channel extracellular collar, the binding region for noncompetitive allosteric inhibitors. We found position and substitution-dependent effects for introduced mutations at this region on AMPA receptor gating. The results of mutagenesis suggested that the transmembrane domains M1, M3 and M4, which contribute to the ion channel extracellular collar, undergo significant relative displacement during gating. We used molecular dynamics simulations to predict an AMPA receptor open state structure and rationalize the results of mutagenesis. We conclude that the ion channel extracellular collar plays a distinct role in gating and represents a hub for powerful allosteric modulation of AMPA receptor function that can be used for developing novel therapeutics.
Elementary Quantum Phenomenon as Building Unit

According to all we learn from Einstein’s 1915 and still standard geometric theory of gravity, there is no “before” before the big bang and there is no “after” after gravitational collapse. The laws of physics could not have stood chiselled upon a tablet of granite from everlasting to everlasting. There could not have been any gears and pinions, any Swiss watchmaker, to construct it. No way out is evident except the austerity hypothesis: that the laws of physics came into being out of nothing, and this by a process as higgledy-piggledy as genetic mutation or the second law of thermodynamics.
Class struggle and the transformation of the labor process

The reorganization of work in the early decades of this century was not the simple product of a group of far-sighted industrial engineers any more than it was the direct result of an omniscient capitalist class. The basic need for this reorganization (as well as the limits of its development) was set by a broad process which can best be termed capital accumulation. But, as I have argued in this paper, the particular forms, timing, and ideological effects of this reorganization in the United States were conditioned by the patterns of interacting organizations including the state and emergent occupational groups as well as the constitutive formal and informal organizations of the capitalist class and the working class. Relegating these patterns to the status of only epiphenomenal effects of an underlying and determinant process of capital accumulation obscures important political consequences which arise from these patterns themselves. To identify only a few: The contemporary system of American “industrial relations” finds its origins in the forms and timing of the reorganization of work examined in this essay. Although they did not spring into existence in their fully developed forms (and although their patterns did not evidence an uninterrupted unilinear development), many of elements — and the relations between them — of contemporary American labor relations were prefigured during the period studied here. For we find, especially during the crucial period of World War I, the American labor movement in a situation of double jeopardy — heavily dependent on the state to provide the basis legal conditions for organizing, but without a party of its own to struggle politically to maintain these conditions in periods when state managers find it less expedient to continue or extend these arrangements. With a significant part of the organized labor force concentrated in war-related industry, with collective bargaining defined as a set of technical operations in which legal and engineering experts from both sides engage in processes of productivity bargaining, and with the routinization of tasks and erosion of traditional work rules conducted under the aegis of conservative trade unions, we observe, in that period, a pattern of labor relations closely corresponding to that of our own.
Reflections on the 70th Anniversary of the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial.

An editorial is presented which addresses the 70th anniversary of the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, and it mentions several other articles which appear in the same issue of the journal and discuss topics such as the Nuremberg Code and Nuremberg principles human rights laws and prosecutions of Nazi physicians for human experimentation-related murder and torture. Voluntary informed consent is assessed, along with euthanasia and eugenics during the World War II era.
Life cycle assessment of asphalt pavement recycling for greenhouse gas emission with temporal aspect

Abstract This paper quantifies greenhouse gas emission of asphalt pavements containing reclaimed asphalt pavement using life cycle assessment with temporal aspect. The life cycle stages include raw material acquisition, plant production, construction, maintenance, and end-of-life. The time-dependent decay function of carbon dioxide was adopted to capture time effect in life-cycle inventory assessment. The case study of runway rehabilitation demonstrates that four critical factors may affect environmental impact of pavement recycling, including recycled material content, blending efficiency of virgin and recycled binder, moisture content of recycled aggregate, and pavement performance levels. As recycled material content increases, the reduction of greenhouse gas emission increases accordingly. However, the benefits of raw material saving can be compensated by the increased moisture content of recycled aggregate and the shorter life of pavement with reclaimed asphalt pavement. As the moisture content of recycled aggregate increases, the performance of recycled asphalt pavement need reach a higher level in order to avoid environmental burden. On the other hand, the results indicate that the environmental impact of asphalt pavement recycling is overestimated if temporal aspect is not considered. This finding reinforces the importance of physical decay pattern of greenhouse gas emissions along time in life cycle assessment for global warming potential.
Single-site robotic cholecystectomy: comparison of clinical outcome and the learning curves in relation to surgeon experience in a community teaching hospital

The aim of this study was to analyze the experience of two surgeons who have different laparoscopic skills and case volume, with single-site robotic cholecystectomy (SSRC) and evaluate their learning curves. All SSRCs performed between March 2013 and April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided among two surgeons based on the surgeon’s level of laparoscopic skills and case volume. Surgeon 1 had experience in advanced laparoscopy while surgeon 2 had basic laparoscopic skills. Patients’ demographic data, intraoperative and short-term postoperative results were assessed. The analysis included 102 patients for surgeon 1 and 15 patients for surgeon 2. There were no major or minor complications in either cohort. Operative time was significantly longer for surgeon 2, conversion to laparoscopy rate was 4% for surgeon 1 compared to 20% for surgeon 2, P = 0.044, which is statistically significant. SSRC is an easy and safe procedure that can be quickly learned and performed in a reproducible manner by surgeons with experienced laparoscopic skills and greater case volume.
Failed Solutions to a Standard Libertarian Problem

L'A. etudie deux alternatives a la theorie standard de l'action libertaire, fondee sur l'explication teleologique de l'action en termes de raison, et montre qu'aucune ne parvient a resoudre le probleme de l'explication causale du choix que pose l'objection standard a la theorie standard. Examinant les solutions developpees par C. Ginet et T. O'Connor a partir des concepts de liberte et de causation de l'agent, l'A. montre que leur approche des actions mentales telles que le choix et l'intention reste primitive, mais que leur approche de l'action corporelle non-elementaire est valide
Nutrition and health status assessment of community-residing elderly in New York City: a pilot study

Abstract Ninety-five percent of persons over the age of 65 years live in the community and benefit from community-based health and nutrition services. The purpose of this project was to evaluate diet, function, and mental health in 40 men and women aged 65 years and older who were residing in a large metropolitan community. Nutritional status was assessed using two 24-hour recalls, 5 days of food records, a food frequency, and anthropometric measurements. Participants responded to standardized activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living instruments and an investigator-developed, performance-based appraisal of food preparation and management. Cognition and mood were assessed using the Folstein Mini-Mental Examination and the Yesavage Depression Scale. The nutrient intakes for individuals were compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and the Food Guide Pyramid. Mean energy intake was 1,625kcal (range=787 to 2,910kcal); 7 persons consumed more than 2,000kcal. The mean vitamin and mineral intake for participants met the RDAs except for calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and magnesium intakes. The average percentages of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 53%, 16%, and 30%, respectively. Nutritional assessments of subjects with and without congregate meals were contrasted. Six of the 13 congregate-meal participants were at nutritional risk, compared with 6 of 27 not receiving congregate meals. The interrelationships of diet, functional status, and mental health factors were examined along with recommendations for future data collection in similar studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 1998;98:554-558.
Virtual Design and Construction

Presented on August 31, 2009 from 6 to 8 pm in the East Architecture Auditorium on the Georgia Tech Campus.
Aspartame- or sugar-sweetened beverages: Effects on mood in young women

Young college women (no. = 120) received, on three different occasions, 12 oz water, aspartame-sweetened beverage, and sugar-sweetened beverage, separated by weekly intervals. Changes in mood were assessed by administering test questionnaires before and 1 hour after the beverages were drunk. Mood tests employed were the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS), the Visual Analogue Mood Scale (VAMS), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Changes in mood were similar following consumption of water or the aspartame-sweetened beverage. However, the ingestion of the sugar-sweetened beverage was followed by increased sleepiness during the last half of the one-hour observation period (p
MEMBRANE SKELETON PROTEIN 4.1 IN INNER SEGMENTS OF RETINAL CONES

Retinal cone photoreceptors are polarized cells with discrete functional compartments. Little is known of the membrane-skeleton components in cones responsible for the maintenance of cellular morphology and compartmentalization of integral membrane proteins. The authors describe a high density of the membrane-skeleton protein 4.1 in the myoid region of cones in retinas of developing and adult frogs, and adult lizards, turtles, and chicks. In the developing retina, a discrete locus of protein 4.1 is first detected by immunocytochemistry in the cone myoid after the completion of photoreceptor synaptogenesis. Protein 4.1 immunoreactivity expands to line the plasma membrane of the myoid after cones attain their adult proportions. Nonerythroid alpha-spectrin and protein 4.1 colocalize in the cone myoid, and both are in close proximity to long bundles of f-actin that traverse the myoid and extend from the cone outer segment to the external limiting membrane. By analogy to the erythrocyte, where protein 4.1 modulates the interaction of spectrin and actin to regulate cell shape, the authors propose that protein 4.1 interacts with nonerythroid alpha-spectrin and f-actin in cones and plays a role in the maintenance of cone inner segment morphology.
Downregulation of IGF1R Expression Inhibits Growth and Enhances Cisplatin Sensitivity of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro.

A lentivirus-mediated doxycycline-inducible pTRIPZ shRNAmir plasmid targeting IGF1R transcript was transfected into two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines to silence IGF1R expression and to assess the effect of its downregulation on cisplatin sensitivity in vitro. In Cal27-regIGF1R and SCC25-regIGF1R cell lines, IGF1R protein expression was reduced by more than 90% after 72 h of incubation with doxycycline. Both basal and IGF-stimulated pIGF1R, pAKT, and pERK were significantly reduced, without influence on total AKT and ERK expression. Downregulation of the IGF1R was associated with decreased proliferation and cell viability in both cell lines. Reduced IGF1R expression was also associated with increased sub-G0/G1-phase and G0/G1-phase populations and decreased S-phase and G2/M-phase populations. IGF1R downregulation enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin with decrease of cisplatin IC50 from 15 to 7.1 in Cal27-regIGF1R cells and from 11 to 6.3 in SCC25-regIGF1R cells. Cisplatin exhibited increased pro-apoptotic activity by annexin V staining and PARP cleavage in both cells lines when cultured in doxycycline. Thus, in two HNSCC cell lines in vitro, reduced IGF1R expression results in reduced growth rate and increased sensitivity to cisplatin. Thus, IGF1R downregulation and/or inhibition may serve as a useful adjunct to platinum-based cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Primary central nervous system vasculitis mimicking brain tumor: Comprehensive analysis of 13 cases from a single institutional cohort of 191 cases.

Abstract Objective To describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features and course of patients with primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) presenting with an intracranial tumor-like mass (TLM). Methods We retrospectively studied a cohort of 191 consecutive patients with PCNSV seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN over a 35-year period (1982–2017). 13/191 patients presented with a TLM. We compared the findings in these 13 patients with those from the 178 without this presentation. Results In 13 of 191 (6.8%) patients with TLM the diagnosis of PCNSV was established by cerebral biopsy. Granulomatous vasculitis was found in 11/13 patients, accompanied by vascular deposits of β-amyloid peptide in 7. Compared to the 178 patients without TLM, the patients with TLM were more likely to be male (p = 0.04), and less likely to have a transient ischemic attack (p = 0.023), bilateral cerebral infarcts (p = 0.018), or vasculitic lesions on angiography (p = 0.045). They were more likely to have seizures (p = 0.022), gadolinium-enhanced lesions (p = 0.007), and amyloid angiopathy (p = 0.046). All 13 patients responded to therapy and 8/13 (61.5%) had a Rankin disability score of 0 at last visit. Overall, high disability scores (Rankin scores 4–6) at last follow-up were associated with increasing age (odds ratio, OR, 1.49) and cerebral infarction (OR, 3.47), but were less likely in patients with gadolinium-enhanced lesions (OR, 0.36) and amyloid angiopathy (OR, 0.21). Conclusion In PCNSV a TLM at presentation represents a definable subgroup of patients with a favourable treatment response.