cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sales objections as a negotiation tactic

In many reseller market transactions the terms of sale, such as price, delivery date, or credit terms, are uniquely determined for the individual transaction by a buyer-seller bargaining process. Recent negotiation research on the theory of what outcomes are acceptable negotiations suggests that sales objections (SOS) are an effective negotiation tactic [Mitchell and Heeler, 11; Mitchell and Dion, lo]. SOS can be defined as a statement by one of the parties to the bargaining session that the offer(s) made by the other party is not acceptable in some specified or unspecified manner. An example would be, “Your price is too high,” or “We are unhappy with that offer.“The topic of SOS has been neglected in the economics and marketing literatures. The economics literature deals with negotiation in the context of labormanagement bargaining [see Hicks, 8) and the theory of oligopoly [see Scherer, 20; Adams, 1; and Sweezy, 221. The conventional economics approach has been to treat negotiators’ preference schedules as fixed [see Nash, 13; Harsanyi, 7; and Raiffa and Lute, 171 whereas SOS are a mechanism to obtain negotiation advantage by altering these preferences. The marketing literature, although it is rich in its treatment of personal selling, makes the same assumption about negotiators’ preferences as economics. Marketing regards SOS as simply efforts by the prospective buyer to avoid purchase [see Green and Tonning, 61.
Extending Improvement-Over-Chance I-Index Effect Size Simulation Studies to Cover Some Small-Sample Cases

All effect sizes are sensitive to design flaws and the failure to meet analytic assumptions. But some effect sizes appear to be more robust to assumption violations (e.g., homogeneity of variance). The present study extended prior Monte Carlo research by exploring the robustness of group overlap I indices at the relatively small sample sizes used in some research. I effects are statistically appealing because these indices can be applied across (a) both univariate and multivariate analyses and (b) conditions of either variance homogeneity or variance heterogeneity.
Demography and morphology of the geniculate coralline, Bossiella californica ssp. schmittii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta), in a central California kelp forest

Abstract Aspects of the demography and morphology of Bossiella californica ssp. schmittii (Manza) Johansen were studied at 10, 15 and 20 m depths in a habitat dominated by an understory of coralline algae. Adult plants were common at all depths but most abundant on vertical walls at 15 m. Juvenile cover did not exceed 5% at any depth, and varied little with substratum type. Senescent plants were rare. Plants were largest at 10 and 20 m depths, but were most reproductive at 15 m. Intergenicula dimensions varied little with depth, and at all depths the intergenicula in the centre of the thallus had the most conceptacles. Conceptacles became visible on the new recruits as early as 32 weeks after settlement in clearings. Tetrasporophytes, the most common reproductive phase, produced tetrasporangia from August through April. Bisporangia were rare, and gametophytes were never found. There was no mortality of fronds on tagged plants over a one-year period. Epiphytes were common (30–85% cover) on the ventral side...
Reconsidering the hedonic vs. RUM debate in the valuation of recreational environmental amenities

Two revealed preference methods have emerged as the primary tools for valuing the environmental amenities of recreational resources: the hedonic travel cost method and the random utility method. While both methods are now widely applied, considerable debate still exists over the appropriateness of each method. This paper examines this debate in the literature and shows that much of the contention over the methods results from the improper application of the models or misinterpretations of the theory that underlies the models. Both models are shown to possess strengths and weaknesses that are important determinants of their effectiveness as valuation tools.
Racial Tensions and School Crime

This article uses data on school crime and other characteristics from a study of U.S. public schools to contribute to our knowledge about the extent and correlates of school violence and property crime. Following a brief review of the literature, the authors describe their efforts to examine the link between racial tensions and school crime. Relying on the macro version of general strain theory (GST) developed by Agnew and racial contact/threat perspectives on school race relations, a more specific purpose for their article is to determine the extent to which school-based crime is at least a partial function of extant racial tensions in schools. Analyses of violent and property-related incidents across a weighted sample of 1,936 middle and high schools indicate that racial tensions is a significant, positive correlate of both types of school crime, net of other school climate, organizational, and demographic characteristics. They discuss these findings and describe directions for future research with these data.
Tn10 transpososome assembly involves a folded intermediate that must be unfolded for target capture and strand transfer.

Tn 10 transposition, like all transposition reactions examined thus far, involves assembly of a stable protein–DNA transpososome, containing a pair of transposon ends, within which all chemical events occur. We report here that stable Tn 10 pre‐cleavage transpososomes occur in two conformations: a folded form which contains the DNA‐bending factor IHF and an unfolded form which lacks IHF. Functional analysis shows that both forms undergo double strand cleavage at the transposon ends but that only the unfolded form is competent for target capture (and thus for strand transfer to target DNA). Additional studies reveal that formation of any type of stable transpososome, folded or unfolded, requires not only IHF but also non‐specific transposase–DNA contacts immediately internal to the IHF‐binding site, implying the occurrence of a topologically closed loop at the transposon end. Overall, transpososome assembly must proceed via a folded intermediate which, however, must be unfolded in order for intermolecular transposition to occur. These and other results support key features of a recently proposed model for transpososome assembly and morphogenesis.
Cloning of cDNA and genomic structure of the mouse γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-encoding gene

Abstract We have isolated and characterized cDNA and genomic clones containing the coding region for the mouse γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). The sequences of the full-length cDNAs for three of the seven known mouse Ggt RNAs (types I, II and III) were determined and found to be identical in the coding region. Comparisons of the deduced amino-acid sequence of mouse GGT with that of rat and human reveal 95 and 79% overall identities, respectively. The mouse Ggt gene has 12 coding exons and spans approx. 12 kb. We have also re-analyzed rat genomic Ggt clones previously isolated by us and found that the rat and mouse genes share the same intron/exon boundaries. Our findings are of interest because they define the structure of the mouse and rat Ggt genes and will allow comparison with human GGT genes which, recent findings suggest, have diverged substantially from rodents.
The numerical solution of special fourth-order boundary value problems by the modified decomposition method

In this paper we develop a fast and accurate algorithm for the solution of special fourth-order boundary value problems with two-point boundary conditions. A modified form of the Adomian decomposit...
Cancer death epidemics in United States Black males: Evaluating courses, causation, and cures

Abstract Background. Estimates that smoking contributes 38–72% of the United States (US) Black male cancer death rate leave a wide range of uncertainty. This paper uses additional and regional data, and refined methods, to reassess that range. Methods. This study uses lung cancer rates as an exposure index, linear regression, age adjusted US 1950–2001 and US regional 1969–2001 death rates (rates), and the formula: smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) = (1 − ((rate in the unexposed) / (rate in the exposed))). Estimated lung cancer rates in the unexposed range between rates predicted for a population with no smoking-attributable lung cancers to rates seen in “nonsmokers.” Results. Lung cancer death rates predicted 99.9% and 99.8% of the variances in non-lung non-stomach cancer death rates from 1950–1980 and 1950–1988, respectively (each P Conclusions. Smoking may cause most premature cancer deaths and temporal and regional cancer death rate disparities in Black men.
The benefit of prevention: engaging the public through strategic collaborations.

In this issue of Circulation , we have published an historic document, a joint scientific statement on prevention from the American Heart Association (AHA), the American Cancer Society (ACS), and the American Diabetes Association (ADA). In this statement, we and our colleagues from the ACS and ADA describe the science underlying the important benefits that the public would derive if the preventive lifestyle changes and therapeutic maneuvers currently in our armamentarium were fully employed. In addition, we define an appropriate schedule for preventive screenings that have been demonstrated to be cost-effective and should be made available to all. But perhaps the most important contribution of this statement is also the reason this article is being published concurrently in the journals of the ACS and the ADA—namely, the concept that 4 basic strategies can provide protection against the 4 major causes of death in the United States: heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes. Although the public often expresses confusion about the many health messages that are now available to them, especially when they try to take multiple health risks into consideration, in fact individuals can best protect themselves by following advice that is simple, effective, and agreed upon by the 3 major voluntary health organizations. The 4 key strategies are as follows: (1) Don’t smoke, (2) follow a healthy diet, (3) be physically active, and (4) see your medical caregiver regularly to assess your risk and prevent disease or catch it early, when it can be best managed. …
Fast tunnel diode circuits for NaI(Tl) detectors

Abstract A detector system using a NaI(Tl) crystal, an RCA 6810A photomultiplier and a tunnel diode discriminator is described. The output from the anode of the high gain photomultiplier corresponding to the emmission of three photoelectrons from the photocathode even though it is not big enough to drive an electron tube from cut off to saturation can, however, easily trigger a tunnel diode fast discriminator. The system introduces a 4 mμsec spread in time when detecting gamma rays over a wide range of energies and only 1 mμsec when a 10% energy selection is performed using a parallel slow channel. A tunnel diode time-to-pulse height converter having a resolving time better than 2 mμsec which can be used in conjunction with the system is also described.
High Efficient Differentiation of Functional Hepatocytes from Porcine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Hepatocyte transplantation is considered to be a promising therapy for patients with liver diseases. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide an unlimited source for the generation of functional hepatocytes. In this study, we generated iPSCs from porcine ear fibroblasts (PEFs) by overexpressing Sox2, Klf4, Oct4, and c-Myc (SKOM), and developed a novel strategy for the efficient differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells from porcine iPSCs by following the processes of early liver development. The differentiated cells displayed the phenotypes of hepatocytes, exhibited classic hepatocyte-associated bio-functions, such as LDL uptake, glycogen storage and urea secretion, as well as possessed the metabolic activities of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A and 2C. Furthermore, we compared the hepatocyte differentiation efficacy of our protocol with another published method, and the results demonstrated that our differentiation strategy could significantly improve the generation of morphological and functional hepatocyte-like cells from porcine iPSCs. In conclusion, this study establishes an efficient method for in vitro generation of functional hepatocytes from porcine iPSCs, which could represent a promising cell source for preclinical testing of cell-based therapeutics for liver failure and for pharmacological applications.
Integrity and leadership: A multi-level conceptual framework

Abstract Integrity is frequently used in the management literature as a normative descriptor, especially with regard to leadership. The study of integrity and leadership, though, suffers from a lack of a well-specified theoretical base. This paper addresses this problem by suggesting how integrity, defined as the consistency between words and actions, may be conceptualized at different levels of analysis (individual, group, and organization). Through a series of propositions, we explore how individual leader integrity can affect outcomes such as trust, satisfaction, performance, and follower integrity. We also propose that integrity may be ascribed to groups and organizations, and explore the role that a group leader plays in fostering group- and organization-level integrity and outcomes such as trust and performance. Finally, we consider how leaders may help to resolve cross-level integrity discrepancies.
A penny-shaped crack in a layer whose upper and lower surfaces are fixed

A vertical, planar pressurized crack is located in a layer with fixed upper and lower surfaces. The integral representation for the displacement field is given, and an integral equation, which relates crack opening and applied pressure, is derived. A numerical scheme to construct the triangular boundary elements and to solve the integral equation is developed. A three-term approximative integration scheme developed by Sneddon proves to be essential for implementation of the numerical solution. Numerical examples are designed for exploring the boundary effect once the kernel of the integral is put into a suitable form. Simplifying methods to approximate the results of the exact solution are developed and prove surprisingly accurate.
The relation of management group structure to psychological climate and work motivation in a retail environment

With the many challenges facing retailers, continued attention should be given to the effective and efficient performance of retail personnel. It is unknown how various organisational strutures which result from reorganisation affect psychological climate beliefs and individual's motivation among retail managers. Among the antecedents of motivation, psychological climate has been regarded as one of the most significant contributors to an individual's motivation. The conceptual framework was the Vroom Expectancy Theory (VIE) of Work Motivation (1964). The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of management group structure and demographic characteristics on psychological climate and work motivation of management personnel within the retail industry as illustrated by the experience of a department store with substantial apparel interests. Results confirmed that three subscales of psychological climate (Job Importance, Leader Goal Emphasis, Organisational Identification) in the presence of management group structure and age were significant in predicting work motivation. Results from ANOVA provided evidence that six of the 13 psychological climate subscales were significantly different across management groups. Contrast statements provided evidence that there was a difference between management groups on the six significant psychological climate subscales. Work motivation did not appear to differ significantly across retail management groups. This suggests that human resource strategies for the retail environment can be developed by analysing the store's work environment, examining the reward structure, and examining each management group structure to determine how retail organisations can encourage employee retention.
Synthesis and properties of copoly(carbonate imides)

Copoly(carbonate imides) with varying amounts of carbonate in the backbone were prepared by reacting 4,4-prime-diaminodiphenyl carbonate and 4,4-prime diaminodiphenyl ether with benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride in dimethylacetamide at room temeprature. Homopolymers of the two diamines as well as of 3,4-prime- and 3,3-prime-diaminodiphenyl carbonate were prepared in a similar procedure and their properties compared with those of the copolymers.
Directed ion beam sputter etching of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) using an argon ion source

Abstract Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) tubes of outside diameter 375–625 μm were perforated by bombarding the tubes with an argon ion beam. Holes of diameter 18 μm and 40 μm on a side and open-area ratios of 55% and 65% respectively were formed using electroformed nickel mesh masks. Scanning electron micrographs of the hole walls reveal that they are relatively smooth and that the holes go completely through the tubing walls. Holes with the smoothest walls and the sharpest definition were obtained by using low beam power densities and a tubing target temperature of less than 50°C. Volumetric flow rate measurements show that the flow rate through the perforated tubules is 0.2-0.5 cm 3 min -1 for a pressure drop across the tubes of 2.2 Torr. The perforated microtubules have an important application in medicine for sufferers of hydrocephalus, a malady which results in the build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. The perforated tubing is inserted into the ventricle and serves as a shunt by draining off the excess cerebrospinal fluid into another part of the brain, where the fluid is absorbed by normal processes.
Triplet-phase measurements using reference-beam X-ray diffraction.

Reference-beam diffraction (RBD) is a recently developed phase-sensitive X-ray diffraction technique that incorporates the principle of multiple-beam diffraction into the standard oscillating-crystal data-collection method [Shen (1998). Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3268–3271]. Using this technique, a large number of multiple-beam interference profiles can be recorded simultaneously on an area detector, from which a large number of triplet phases of Bragg reflections can be determined in a crystallography experiment. In this article, both the theoretical developments and the experimental procedures of the RBD technique are described in detail. Approximate theoretical approaches for RBD are outlined and simple analytical expressions are obtained that provide the basis for an automated data-analysis procedure that can be used to extract triplet phases from a large number of measured reference-beam diffraction profiles. Experimental examples are given for a variety of crystals including GaAs, tetragonal lysozyme and AlPdMn quasicrystal, using both image plates and a charge-coupled device (CCD) as the area detector. Possible uses of the measured phases for crystal structure determination are discussed as well as future prospects of the RBD technique.
Diphosphine- and CO-Induced Fragmentation of Chloride-bridged Dinuclear Complex and Cp*Ir(μ-Cl)3Re(CO)3 and Attempted Synthesis of Cp*Ir(μ-Cl)3Mn(CO)3: Spectroscopic Data and X-ray Diffraction Structures of the Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Compounds [Cp*IrCl{(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2}][Cl]·2CHCl3 and Cp*Ir(CO)Cl2

The confacial bioctahedral compound Cp*Ir(μ-Cl)3Re(CO)3 (1) undergoes rapid fragmentation in the presence of the unsaturated diphosphine ligand (Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2 to give the mononuclear compounds [Cp*IrCl{(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2}][Cl] (2) and fac-ClRe(CO)3[(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2] (3). 2 has been characterized by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. 2·2CHCl3 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, a = 35.023 (8) A, b = 10.189 (2) A, c = 24.003 (6) A, β = 103.340 (3), V = 8,335 (3) A3, Z = 8, and d calc = 1.647 Mg/m3; R = 0.0383, R w = 0.1135 for 8,178 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The Ir(III) center in 2 exhibits a six-coordinate geometry and displays a chelating diphosphine group. Compound 1 reacts with added CO with fragmentation to yield the known compounds Cp*Ir(CO)Cl2 (4) and ClRe(CO)5 (5) in near quantitative yield by IR spectroscopy. Using the protocol established by our groups for the synthesis of 1, we have explored the reaction of [Cp*IrCl2]2 with ClMn(CO)5 as a potential route to Cp*Ir(μ-Cl)3Mn(CO)3; unfortunately, 4 was the only product isolated from this reaction. The solid-state structure of 4 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. 4 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P−1, a = 7.4059 (4) A, b = 7.8940 (4) A, c = 11.8488 (7) A, α = 80.020 (1), β = 79.758 (1), γ = 68.631 (1), V = 630.34 (6) A3, Z = 2, and d calc = 2.246 Mg/m3; R = 0.0126, R w = 0.0329 for 2,754 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The expected three-legged piano-stool geometry in 4 has been crystallographically confirmed. The reactivity of the chloride-bridged dimer Cp*Ir(μ-Cl)3Re(CO)3 (1) with the unsaturated diphosphine ligand (Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2 has been examined. Rapid fragmentation of 1 occurs in the presence of excess diphosphine to afford the ionic Ir(III) species [Cp*IrCl{(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2}][Cl] (2) and fac-ClRe(CO)3[(Z)-Ph2PCH = CHPPh2] (3). 1 reacts rapidly with CO to furnish Cp*Ir(CO)Cl2 (4) and ClRe(CO)5 (5). The attempted synthesis of Cp*Ir(μ-Cl)3Mn(CO)3 from [Cp*IrCl2]2 and ClMn(CO)5 was unsuccessful and afforded compound 4 as the sole isolable product. The solid-state structures of 2·2CHCl3 and 4 have been established by X-ray crystallography.
Magnetic resonance and PET studies in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

The demographics of aging identify an immediate need for the early diagnosis and development of dementia prevention strategies. Recent neuropathological studies have pointed to the early involvement of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex in the progression of Alzheimer's disease in the brain. In particular, these studies have implicated tau-related pathology as an important cause of neuronal death. In addition, there is a large body of evidence showing that beta-amyloid, which has a predilection for the neocortex, is also involved early in the course of the disease and may also have toxic effects on cells. In vivo cerebrospinal fluid studies have shown that markers for these brain changes have a diagnostic value for Alzheimer's disease and that some measures also provide diagnostic specificity for Alzheimer's disease. Structural and metabolic imaging studies demonstrate brain changes in impaired and at-risk individuals. While currently available magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography techniques are not by themselves specific for the pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease, there are patterns of change that have been useful for the early diagnosis. As such, both prediction and longitudinal imaging studies demonstrate a capacity to recognize abnormalities that relate to future Alzheimer's disease and most recently to future mild cognitive impairment. This review highlights cross-sectional, prediction, and longitudinal magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography imaging studies and attempts to put into perspective their utility for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and for their utility to provide diagnostic specificity. It is concluded that there is considerable promise for an early and specific diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease by combining information from imaging and biomarker modalities.
A modified C2 Coons' patch

A modified C^2 Coons' patch, free of any compatibility constraints, has recently been developed in [Barnhill '83]. In this short note we show how it can be modified and simplified to produce a computationally more efficient C^2 transfinite interpolation scheme over rectangles.
Urban Sustainable Development, Lower Income Communities, and Transorganizational Public Administration

Abstract This article will provide an analysis of the implementation of sustainable development policies in lower-income urban communities. Arguably, sustainable development policies can potentially improve the overall environmental and economic quality of life for people living within such communities. This, however, presents a challenge for public policy and administration on how best to manage and administer sustainable development policies within this context. Consequently, this paper will focus on the “transorganizational” approach to public administration, which arguably best fits a sustainable development model.
Idiopathic dystonia among ashkenazi jews: Evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance

We studied families to clarify the mode of inheritance of idiopathic torsion dystonia among the Ashkenazim. Probands had symptoms before 28 years of age, had at least one Ashkenazi grandparent, and were ascertained independently of family history and not referred by another relative. All available first- and second-degree relatives were examined, and videotapes were made. Examination notes and blinded review of videotapes led to rating of dystonia as definite, probable, possible, or absent. We determined rates of illness for first- and second-degree relatives and calculated age-adjusted lifetime risks. The methods of maximum likelihood and likelihood ratio goodness-of-fit tests were used to estimate parameters and to test dominant and recessive models of inheritance. We studied 43 probands, 146 (90.1%) of 162 living first-degree relatives, and 96 (40.2%) of 239 living second-degree relatives. Nineteen relatives had definite dystonia, and 2 had probable dystonia. Using definite cases only, the age-adjusted risk for all first-degree relatives was 15.5% and for all second-degree relatives 6.5%, with no significant sex differences; parent, offspring, and sibling risks did not differ significantly. The risks were consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance with a penetrance estimated at 29.4% using definite cases only or 32.2% using definite and probable cases. Assuming a disease frequency of 1/15,000, the gene frequency was estimated to be 1/9000.
The Impact of Hospitalists on the Cost and Quality of Inpatient Care in the United States: A Research Synthesis

There is substantial disagreement regarding the impact of hospitalists on costs, quality, and satisfaction with inpatient care. The authors reviewed 21 evaluations of the use of hospitalists in U.S. hospitals. Most evaluations found that patients managed by hospitalists had lower total costs or charges than patients in comparison groups and that these savings were achieved primarily by reducing length of stay. Most evaluations found no statistically significant differences in quality of care or satisfaction. However, lack of random assignment limits the ability to draw causal inferences from many of the evaluations. All randomized studies were conducted in teaching hospitals, raising questions as to the generalizability of findings to nonteaching hospitals. Further research is needed to better identify the mechanisms by which hospitalists reduce length of stay and to ascertain which types of hospitalist programs are most effective and which patients are most likely to benefit.
1,2,4‐Triazincs XIII. The bond lengths and bond angles of a 1,2,4‐triazine

The bond distances and bond angles of 5-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazine determined by three dimensional X-ray crystallographic analysis are reported. The pertinent bond lengths are N1N2, 1.335A, N2-C3, 1.314A, C3N4, 1.339; N4-C5, 1.317; C5-C6, 1.401; C6N1, 1.317A. A comparison of these bond distances with those of similar polyazabenzenes shows that the canonical structure of 1,2,4-triazine with a N1N2 single bond more closely represents the ground state of this ring system, than the one with a N1N2 double bond.
Four Strategies to Integrate Assessment into the Engineering Educational Environment

Integrating a process of assessment and continuous improvement into academic programs has become a major goal of every engineering educational institution in the United States. This paper draws upon extensive experience in the development and implementation of comprehensive educational assessment and continuous improvement programs in several universities associated with the National Science Foundation's Gateway Coalition for Undergraduate Engineering Education. Through a systems approach, this paper describes four integrated strategies designed to imbed assessment and continuous improvement in the educational environment.
Parental psychopathology and family interaction variables as predictors of child competence

Abstract The University of Rechester Child and Family Study is a risk research program concerned with cross-sectional and developmental relationships among three areas: parental psychopathology and health, family interaction, and child psychopathology and health. Data collection began in 1972 with 145 intact, Caucasian families in which a parent had been hospitalized for psychiatric illness, including schizophrenia and bipolar psychosis, and an index son “at risk” for future illness was aged 4, 7 or 10 yr. Although the offspring have not yet reached the age of major risk for schizophrenia, 52% of the families have one or more offspring either in psychiatric treatment or for whom treatment has been recommended. Thus far, categories of specific parental diagnoses, such as schizophrenia, show no relationship to developmental course of the offspring. However, dimensional measures of chronicity and degree of nonaffectivity of parental illness predicted to measures of child dysfunction. Composite measures of parental psychopathology and family interaction variables each predict significantly and additively, accounting for 34% of the variance in independent measures of school functioning of index sons during their childhood and early adolescence. The family variables were derived from structured and unstructured family interaction procedures in which measures were obtained of parental healthy communication and communication deviance, positive and negative parental affect, and the balance between acts initiated by parents and by offspring.
Discovery of Inhibitors of Escherichia coli Methionine Aminopeptidase with the Fe(II)-Form Selectivity and Antibacterial Activity†

Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) is a promising target to develop novel antibiotics, because all bacteria express MetAP from a single gene that carries out the essential function of removing N-terminal methionine from nascent proteins. Divalent metal ions play a critical role in the catalysis, and there is an urgent need to define the actual metal used by MetAP in bacterial cells. By high throughput screening, we identified a novel class of catechol-containing MetAP inhibitors that display selectivity for the Fe(II)-form of MetAP. X-ray structure revealed that the inhibitor binds to MetAP at the active site with the catechol coordinating to the metal ions. Importantly, some of the inhibitors showed antibacterial activity at low micromolar concentration on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our data indicate that Fe(II) is the likely metal used by MetAP in the cellular environment, and MetAP inhibitors need to inhibit this metalloform of MetAP effectively to be therapeutically useful.
New Laboratory-Based Mechanistic-Empirical Model for Faulting in Jointed Concrete Pavement

Faulting is associated with many design- and performance-related factors of concrete pavement, such as traffic load, joint spacing, load transfer, drainage, subbase friction, and subbase erodibility. Subbase erosion is especially key to an understanding of the process of faulting distresses in jointed concrete pavement. However, subbase erosion has not been included explicitly in design-related analysis. As a consequence, design procedures have lacked a prerequisite sensitivity because of a lack of laboratory test procedures and material parameters to relate model prediction to subbase erosion performance. This paper presents a mechanistic-empirical faulting model. It is calibrated from the results of a new erosion test that involves the Hamburg wheel-tracking device and Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) data. The calculated faulting depths from the proposed model match well with the trends of observed LTPP field faulting data.
Listening for God in the Stories of Parents: A Phenomenological Study at the Service of Church and Academy

This paper presents the methodology of a study designed to explore how the event of parenthood affects adult perceptions of faith journey, especially as lived out through their involvement and experience with a community of faith. The study included twelve new parents in six different Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA) Lutheran congregations and listened for how they experienced parenthood in terms of religious experience and if they perceived the congregation to have a role in this experience. This grounded theory study sought to explore if and/or how becoming a parent enriches the faith life of a person, as well as if and/or how this event affects a parent's involvement and experience with a community of faith.
Thermal contact between Na3[Ce(C7H3NO4)3] · 15H2O and liquid 3He at millikelvin temperatures

Abstract Very short thermal equilibrium times have been observed at millikelvin temperatures between powdered Na 3 [Ce(C 7 H 3 NO 4 ) 3 ] · 15 H 2 O, and pure 3 He. Both a large increase in these times and a change in their temperature dependence occurs when 1% 4 He. Both a large increase in these times and a change in their temperature dependence occurs when 1% 4 He is added.
The Assessment of College Student Need: First Step in a Prevention Response

This article introduces the assessment process, reviews selected assessment studies, and presents a unique procedure for identifying college student needs, leading to a prevention response.
A brief study of the selectivity of norbinaltorphimine, (−)-cyclofoxy, and (+)-cyclofoxy among opioid receptor subtypes in vitro

Abstract Norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI) is a bifunctional reagent developed as a selective antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor. In this paper we examined the in vitro selectivity of nor-BNI, 6-desoxy-6β-fluoronaltrexone (cycloFOXY), and the enantiomer of cycloFOXY, among opioid receptor subtypes. Nor BNI exhibited the highest affinity for kappa binding sites labeled by 3 H-U69593 (Ki = 1.8 nM), and was 27- to 29-fold less potent at mu and delta binding sites. In contrast, cycloFOXY had the highest affinity for mu binding sites (Ki = 2.62 nM), and bound to kappa and delta binding sites with Ki's of 9.3 nM and 89 nM, respectively. The enantiomer of cycloFOXY, did not inhibit binding even at concentrations greater than 10 uM, validating in part the use of 18 F-labeled (+)-cycloFOXY to estimate “non-specific binding” in positron emission tomography. Additionally, we report that ( S,S )-U50488 and ( R.R )-U50488 bind to kappa binding sites labeled by 3 H-U69593 with Ki's of 0.89 nM and 299 nM, respectively.
Biodiversity hot spot on a hot spot: novel extremophile diversity in Hawaiian fumaroles

Fumaroles (steam vents) are the most common, yet least understood, microbial habitat in terrestrial geothermal settings. Long believed too extreme for life, recent advances in sample collection and DNA extraction methods have found that fumarole deposits and subsurface waters harbor a considerable diversity of viable microbes. In this study, we applied culture-independent molecular methods to explore fumarole deposit microbial assemblages in 15 different fumaroles in four geographic locations on the Big Island of Hawai'i. Just over half of the vents yielded sufficient high-quality DNA for the construction of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence clone libraries. The bacterial clone libraries contained sequences belonging to 11 recognized bacterial divisions and seven other division-level phylogenetic groups. Archaeal sequences were less numerous, but similarly diverse. The taxonomic composition among fumarole deposits was highly heterogeneous. Phylogenetic analysis found cloned fumarole sequences were related to microbes identified from a broad array of globally distributed ecotypes, including hot springs, terrestrial soils, and industrial waste sites. Our results suggest that fumarole deposits function as an “extremophile collector” and may be a hot spot of novel extremophile biodiversity.
On the relationship between identification and discrimination of non-native nasal consonants.

To examine the relationship between the identification and discrimination of non-native sounds, nasal consonants varying in place of articulation from Malayalam, Marathi, and Oriya were presented in two experiments to seven listener groups varying in their native nasal consonant inventory: Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil, Oriya, Bengali, and American English. The experiments consisted of a categorial AXB discrimination test and a forced-choice identification test with category goodness ratings. The identification test results were used to classify the non-native contrasts as one of five “assimilation types” of the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) that are predicted to vary in their relative discriminability: two-category (TC), uncategorizable–categorizable (UC), both uncategorizable (UU), category-goodness (CG), and single-category (SC). The results showed that the mean percent correct discrimination scores of the assimilation types, but not the range of scores, were accurately predicted. Furthermore, differences in category goodness ratings in the CG and SC assimilations that were predicted to correlate with discrimination showed a weak, but significant correlation (r=0.31, p<0.05). The implications of the results for models of cross-language speech perception were discussed, and an alternative model of cross-language speech perception was outlined, in which the discriminability of non-native contrasts is a function of the similarity of non-native sounds to each other in a multidimensional, phonologized perceptual space.
Diet, microbial virulence, and Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer

Gastric adenocarcinoma is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the strongest known risk factors for this malignancy. H. pylori strains exhibit a high level of genetic diversity, and the risk of gastric cancer is higher in persons carrying certain strain types (for example, those that contain a cag pathogenicity island or type s1 vacA alleles) than in persons carrying other strain types. Additional risk factors for gastric cancer include specific human genetic polymorphisms and specific dietary preferences (for example, a high-salt diet or a diet deficient in fruits and vegetables). Finally, iron-deficiency anemia is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Recent studies have provided evidence that several dietary risk factors for gastric cancer directly impact H. pylori virulence. In this review article, we discuss mechanisms by which diet can modulate H. pylori virulence and thereby influence gastric cancer risk.
Numerical solution of the one-pair equation in the massive Schwinger model

We describe various numerical methods for the solution of the one-pair light-cone equation in the massive Schwinger model. Results obtained by these methods, and by others, are compared. Possible extensions to the coupled set of one-pair and two-pair equations are discussed.
Structure of DNA-dependent protein kinase: implications for its regulation by DNA

DNA double-strand breaks are created by ionizing radiation or during V(D)J recombination, the process that generates immunological diversity. Breaks are repaired by an end-joining reaction that requires DNA-PKCS, the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase. DNA-PKCS is a 460 kDa serine-threonine kinase that is activated by direct interaction with DNA. Here we report its structure at 22 A resolution, as determined by electron crystallography. The structure contains an open channel, similar to those seen in other double-stranded DNA-binding proteins, and an enclosed cavity with three openings large enough to accommodate single-stranded DNA, with one opening adjacent to the open channel. Based on these structural features, we performed biochemical experiments to examine the interactions of DNA-PKCS with different DNA molecules. Efficient kinase activation required DNA longer than 12 bp, the minimal length of the open channel. Competition experiments demonstrated that DNA-PKCS binds to double- and single-stranded DNA via separate but interacting sites. Addition of unpaired single strands to a double-stranded DNA fragment stimulated kinase activation. These results suggest that activation of the kinase involves interactions with both double- and single-stranded DNA, as suggested by the structure. A model for how the kinase is regulated by DNA is described.
Surface Passivation of AlGaN/GaN HFETs Using AlN Layer Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

In this paper we show the characteristics of an AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistor (MISFET) which uses an AlN film as the gate insulator, a passivated MISFET with another layer of AlN over the gate, a regular AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistor (HFET) and an AlN passivated regular HFET. The AlN insulating layer was deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering. The thickness of each AlN passivation layer is about 50 nm. The gate leakage currents for the MISFET, passivated MISFET, and passivated HFET were much smaller than that for the regular HFET. We observed the current collapse for the regular HFET and the passivated MISFET, unstable DC characteristics for the MISFET, and the suppression of the current collapse for the passivated HFET.
Localization of genes for ribosomal RNA in the nuclei of Oxytricha fallax

Abstract The location of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in the nuclei of the ciliated protozoan, Oxytricha fallax, was analysed by in situ hybridization. The micronuclear genome of O. fallax has typical chromosomal DNA organization. Macronuclei, although derived from micronuclei, lack chromosomes and instead contain short pieces of DNA ranging from 500 to 20 000 base pairs in length. In situ hybridization was carried out to determine if specific DNA sequences are limited to certain locations within the macronucleus, or if sequences are randomly arranged. Cells were fixed, squashed and then hybridized with 3H-labelled RNA synthesized in vitro using cloned O. fallax rDNA as a template. After autoradiography, silver grains were found to be distributed uniformly over the entire macronucleus without any detectable localization to specific regions. The uniformity of hybridization indicates that rDNA molecules are randomly dispersed throughout the macronucleus and suggests that the macronuclear genetic apparatus lacks any substantial multimolecular organization. S phase macronuclei also showed a uniform distribution of rDNA molecules, irrespective of the position of the replication band at which DNA synthesis takes place. The micronuclei, in contrast, did not show any hybridization, even in cells in which macronuclei were heavily labelled. Macronuclear anlagen, in which the micronuclear chromosomes are polytenized, also do not hybridize. This absence of hybridization indicates a much lower concentration of rDNA in the micronucleus than in the macronucleus. The change in rDNA concentration of rRNA genes presumably occurs during the complicated process of development of a macronucleus from a micronucleus.
Carbon monoxide oxidation over Ru (001)

CO/sub 2/ production profiles on RU (001) were found which have features found on Pt, Pd, Rh, and Ir, except the rates per unit surface area are about an order of magnitude lower. The results are consistent with a model for which only a small fraction of the surface oxygen is reactive towards CO. Annealing adsorbed oxygen prior to exposure to carbon monoxide lowers its reactivity significantly. 3 figures.
Manipulation of the Laser Properties through Guiding in Plasma Channels

Plasma channels allow for guiding of intense laser pulses over many Rayleigh lengths, enhancing laser-plasma interaction. Theory and experimental results are presented on laser properties during guiding such as mode, dispersion, and group velocity.
Surface and bulk studies of leached and unleached fly ash using XPS, SEM, EDS and FTIR techniques

Abstract The effective chemical utilization of fly ash in environmental applications requires a detailed knowledge of the surface and bulk changes induced by leaching in acid solutions. The surface and bulk characteristics of fly ash from the combustion of Texas lignite have been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of leaching with acid solutions commonly used in environmental studies have been documented using these techniques. The results of these studies reveal that the fly ash particles are relatively resistant to either chemical or physical changes due to attack by acidic leaching solutions.
Experimental study of particle deposition on semiconductor wafers

A sensitive method for detecting particle deposition on semiconductor wafers has been developed. The method consisted of generating a monodisperse fluorescent aerosol, depositing the known-size monodisperse aerosol on a wafer in a laminar flow chamber, and analyzing the deposited particles using a fluorometric technique. For aerosol particles in the size range of 0.1–1.0 μm, the mobility classification-inertial impaction technique developed by Romay-Novas and Pui (1988) was used to generate the monodisperse test aerosols. Above a particle diameter of 1.0 μm, monodisperse uranine-tagged oleic acid aerosols were generated by a vibrating-orifice generator. The test wafer was a 3.8-cm diameter silicon wafer placed horizontally in a vertical laminar flow chamber which was maintained at a free stream velocity of 20 cm/s. A condensation nucleus counter and an optical particle counter were used to obtain the particle concentration profile in the test cross section and to monitor the stability of aerosol concentra...
Spatial Electron Cyclotron Damping

Spatial electron cyclotron damping in an infinite uniform Vlasov plasma is examined. It is found that the plasma response to a steady‐state transverse excitation consists of several terms (dielectric‐pole, free‐streaming, and branch‐cut), but that the cyclotron‐damped pole term is the dominant term for z>l≈c/ωce provided (ωpe/ωce)2(c/a)≫1 (where c is the velocity of light, a is the electron thermal velocity, ωpe is the electron plasma frequency, and ωce is the electron cyclotron frequency). If the latter inequality does not hold, then the free‐streaming and branch‐cut terms persist well past z = c/ωce as ω1 approaches ωce, making experimental measurement of cyclotron damping essentially impossible. Considering only (ωpe/ωce)2 × (c/a)≫1, the effects of collisions and of a finite‐width excitation are investigated. Criteria are established concerning collisional damping, measurable damping length sizes, and allowed uncertainty in the magnetic field B0. Results of numerical calculations, showing the regions i...