cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biological function and mechanism of cytochrome c methylation

Approximately a dozen protein posttranslational side-chain modification reactions have so far been identified, and they constitute today one of the most rapidly developing and exciting frontiers in the modern biological science. One such side-chain modification reaction, protein methylation, occurs ubiquitously in nature, in organisms ranging from prokaryotic to eukaryotic, and involves N-methylation of lysine, arginine, histidine, alanine, proline, and glutamine, and O-methylesterification of glutamic and aspartic acid (Paik & Kim, 1980). Among these various amino acid residues, however, the enzymatic methylation of lysine, arginine, histidine, and glutamic acid residues has been most actively investigated.
Use of dexrazoxane and other strategies to prevent cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin-taxane combinations.

Patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) frequently progress either within the irradiated field or systemically, due to uncontrolled microscopic dissemination present before the time of initial diagnosis. The use of combined modality therapy has led to improved survival rates in recent years. In particular, the use of cisplatin and vinblastine as induction chemotherapy is supported by two large randomized clinical trials. Nevertheless, the large majority of patients still die of progressive disease, thus providing a rationale for the integration of new active agents into the overall treatment plan of these patients. Gemcitabine has demonstrated significant single-agent activity in NSCLC. In addition, preclinical and early clinical data indicate that it is a powerful radiation enhancer. Clinical trials investigating this drug with concurrent radiation therapy in NSCLC are reviewed.
Trust-Based Decision Making in a Self-Adaptive Agent Organization

Interaction between agents is one of the key factors in multiagent societies. Using interaction, agents communicate with each other and cooperatively execute complex tasks that are beyond the capability of a single agent. Cooperatively executing tasks may endanger the success of an agent if it attempts to cooperate with peers that are not proficient or reliable. Therefore, agents need to have an evaluation mechanism to select peers for cooperation. Trust is one of the measures commonly used to evaluate the effectiveness of agents in cooperative societies. Since all interactions are subject to uncertainty, the risk behavior of agents as a contextual factor needs to be taken into account in decision making. In this research, we propose the concept of adaptive risk and agent strategy along with an algorithm that helps agents make decisions in an self-adaptive society utilizing an agent’s own experience and recommendation-based trust. Trust-based decision making increases the profit of the system along with lower task failure in comparison to a no-trust model in which agents do not utilize evaluation mechanisms for choosing their cooperation peers.
One-bit compressive sampling via ℓ 0 minimization

The problem of 1-bit compressive sampling is addressed in this paper. We introduce an optimization model for reconstruction of sparse signals from 1-bit measurements. The model targets a solution that has the least l 0-norm among all signals satisfying consistency constraints stemming from the 1-bit measurements. An algorithm for solving the model is developed. Convergence analysis of the algorithm is presented. Our approach is to obtain a sequence of optimization problems by successively approximating the l 0-norm and to solve resulting problems by exploiting the proximity operator. We examine the performance of our proposed algorithm and compare it with the renormalized fixed point iteration (RFPI) (Boufounos and Baraniuk, 1-bit compressive sensing, 2008; Movahed et al., A robust RFPI-based 1-bit compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm, 2012), the generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) (Kamilov et al., IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 19(10):607–610, 2012), the linear programming (LP) (Plan and Vershynin, Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 66:1275–1297, 2013), and the binary iterative hard thresholding (BIHT) (Jacques et al., IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 59:2082–2102, 2013) state-of-the-art algorithms for 1-bit compressive sampling reconstruction.
Mechanistic Explanation: The Joint Account

After stem cell phenomena are characterized, scientists seek to explain them in terms of underlying molecular mechanisms. This style of explanation, which compiles results of many experiments, is widespread in biology and medicine. Mechanistic explanations describe the parts and processes underlying phenomena, such as DNA synthesis, cell metabolism, memory, and stem cell capacities, differentiation, and self-renewal. Philosophical accounts of mechanisms and mechanistic explanation largely concur on their essential features. There is less consensus, however, on what makes a mechanistic description explanatory. Scientific explanation is traditionally associated with ‘covering laws’ that subsume many diverse phenomena. But laws of this sort appear rarely, if ever, in mechanistic explanations of biological phenomena. More promising is the idea that mechanistic descriptions explain in virtue of correspondence to real causal relations among working components of a mechanism. However, despite its plausibility and rigorous explication by a new theory, this causal account is not fully satisfactory either. This chapter builds on earlier philosophical work to propose a new account of mechanistic explanation, centered on the concept of jointness.
Working with Paradoxes: Moving from dialectical opposition to interdependent growth in culturally diverse female cancer survivors

P Integrated Therapy (PSIT) is a psychosocial and psycho-educational intervention. In this study, it was used to support breast cancer survivors to learn to acknowledge and work with paradoxes (areas of ambiguity, inconsistency and contradiction), which would help them understand, cope with, and transcend the role of cancer in their lives. Previous research established the presence of paradoxes in European Caucasian cancer survivors, but the role of paradoxes among culturally diverse breast cancer survivors, or among participants in an intervention such as PSIT, was not examined. This study examined the experience of 12 breast cancer survivors (6 culturally diverse/6 European Caucasian) who participated in an 8-week PSIT intervention and asked 3 specific questions. First, which of the paradoxes identified in previous research were experienced by breast cancer survivors in the current study? Second, what new paradoxes emerged from the 12 participants’ responses? Third, how did culturally diverse women expand the range of paradoxes in the PSIT intervention? This third question aimed to contribute to an under-researched area: culturally diverse breast cancer survivors. The study used a qualitative methodology, based on a thematic analysis of 12 participant interviews in order to identify paradox themes among breast cancer survivors. Findings included the following: (a) the PSIT group replicated 3 paradoxes named in a previous study by Halstead and Hull; (b) that the PSIT participants developed the ability to work with each side of a paradox and hold interdependent opposing realities together simultaneously, while extending the range of paradoxes to include themes of interconnection, personal empowerment, and spiritual edges and tensions; (c) that culturally diverse PSIT participants expanded the range of paradoxes. They built an awareness, not only of the contradictory and co-existing elements of the paradoxes, but also of how these elements could work together to create balance and deeper integration. Culturally diverse participants searched for authentic spiritual experiences, which included self-transcendence during or after the integration of paradoxes. They contributed to subthemes that expressed the value of their insight gained from witness consciousness (neutral-observer stance), their experiences of moderating control and surrender, and their movement from self-criticism to self-understanding.
Leadership: The “Right Stuff” for Management of Human Productivity

The implementation of nontraditional technology is usually only one step in a long sequence of actions taken by the most effective managers. Before a technological system can become fully functional, thoughtful administrators will have considered at least two principal issues: the central function of their organization and the characteristics of the organization’s employees (managers and subordinates) in relation to technological, economic, and social expectations.
Ubiquitin Chain Enrichment Middle-Down Mass Spectrometry Enables Characterization of Branched Ubiquitin Chains in Cellulo

Ubiquitin (Ub) has a broad functional range that has been ascribed to the formation of an array of polymeric ubiquitin chains. Understanding the precise roles of ubiquitin chains, however, is difficult due to their complex chain topologies. Branched ubiquitin chains are particularly challenging, as multiple modifications on a single ubiquitin preclude the use of standard bottom-up proteomic approaches. Developing methods to overcome these challenges is crucial considering evidence suggesting branched chains regulate the stability of proteins. In this study, we employ Ubiquitin Chain Enrichment Middle-down Mass Spectrometry (UbiChEM-MS) to identify branched chains that cannot be detected using bottom-up proteomic methods. Specifically, we employ tandem ubiquitin binding entities (TUBEs) and the K29-selective Npl4 Zinc Finger 1 (NZF1) domain from the deubiquitinase TRABID to enrich for chains from human cells. Minimal trypsinolysis followed by high resolution mass spectrometric analysis reveals that Ub chai...
Issues in the Pediatric Athlete

SUMMARY Owing to an increase in children participating in competitive organized sports, there is a real concern for the health and well-being of the individual pediatric athlete. A knowledge of several aspects of the care of these children will not only make sports participation more enjoyable but also help to minimize injury. It should be remembered that children are not small adults. They not only have a different physiologic response to exercise but also have many cartilaginous growth areas that are susceptible to injury. Appropriate training in the pediatric athlete will help prevent injury. Conservative training programs, completed in a well-ventilated and air-conditioned area are important. In the pre- pubescent, efforts should be made to make training fun, with emphasis placed on skills important to the sport rather than monotonous repetitions and intensive conditioning. Because early detection and treatment of overuse injury and spondylolisthesis will help decrease morbidity and may prevent permanent injury, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for the development of early symptoms and signs. Knee injuries are very common and require appropriate evaluation that often includes stress radiographs and arthroscopy. Although isolated ligamentous injury usually has a good prognosis, injury to the ACL seems to cause significant morbidity in the long run. Reconstruction in the adolescent with significant symptoms and instability is reasonable. More research into ACL insufficiency in the child athlete, however, is required before the natural history and best method of management is established. Sport participation is to be enjoyed. Certainly, sports are much more fun when one is healthy. A knowledge of issues in the pediatric athlete will help maintain the health and happiness of these children.
Initiative for Molecular Profiling and Advanced Cancer Therapy (IMPACT): An MD Anderson Precision Medicine Study

PurposeGenomic profiling is increasingly used in the management of cancer. We have previously reported preliminary results of our precision medicine program. Here, we present response and survival outcomes for 637 additional patients who were referred for phase I trials and were treated with matched targeted therapy (MTT) when available.Patients and MethodsPatients with advanced cancer who underwent tumor genomic analyses were treated with MTT when available.ResultsOverall, 1,179 (82.1%) of 1,436 patients had one or more alterations (median age, 59.7 years; men, 41.2%); 637 had one or more actionable aberrations and were treated with MTT (n = 390) or non-MTT (n = 247). Patients who were treated with MTT had higher rates of complete and partial response (11% v 5%; P = .0099), longer failure-free survival (FFS; 3.4 v 2.9 months; P = .0015), and longer overall survival (OS; 8.4 v 7.3 months; P = .041) than did unmatched patients. Two-month landmark analyses showed that, for MTT patients, FFS for responders v...
Chapter 18 Electrophysiologic tests of neuromuscular transmission

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the various electrophysiologic tests conducted for neuromuscular transmission (NMT). Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) is the most commonly used electrodiagnostic test of NMT. It is simple in concept but requires scrupulous attention to avoid technical artifacts. To assure maximum sensitivity of RNS in myasthenia gravis (MG), it is essential to examine muscles that are most likely to be informative in the individual patient. The distribution of weakness varies considerably among patients with MG, and RNS is more often abnormal in proximal or facial than in distal muscles. As with RNS, it is essential to select muscles for testing based on the symptom distribution in the individual patient. When oropharyngeal or any limb muscles are weak, jitter is usually increased in the extensor digitorum communis (EDC). RNS is the electrodiagnostic test of choice in Lambert–Eaton syndrome (LES).
Characterization of a composite population of beef cattle in subtropical south Texas and the effect of genes for coat type and color on preweaning growth and influence of summer breeding on sex ratio

ABSTRACT In the wake of global climate change, it is paramount that breeders use breed types with optimal performance ability. This investigation describes a unique 3-breed composite population of cattle in south Texas composed of Red Angus and tropically adapted Senepol and Tuli breeds. Under a low-input production system, trend analyses revealed that between 2005 and 2015 total direct costs per cow decreased by $180 due largely to reduction of feed costs (−9.40 ± 4.3 $/yr; P 0.05). However, where either or both the calf and dam were red colored, a larger combined mean difference of 14.3 ± 5.2 kg (P
A Quantitative Evaluation of Contemporary GPU Simulation Methodology

Contemporary Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are used to accelerate highly parallel compute workloads. For the last decade, researchers in academia and industry have used cycle-level GPU architecture simulators to evaluate future designs. This paper performs an in-depth analysis of commonly accepted GPU simulation methodology, examining the effect both the workload and the choice of instruction set architecture have on the accuracy of a widely-used simulation infrastructure, GPGPU-Sim. We analyze numerous aspects of the architecture, validating the simulation results against real hardware. Based on a characterized set of over 1700 GPU kernels, we demonstrate that while the relative accuracy of compute-intensive workloads is high, inaccuracies in modeling the memory system result in much higher error when memory performance is critical. We then perform a case study using a recently proposed GPU architecture modification, demonstrating that the cross-product of workload characteristics and instruction set architecture choice can have an affect on the predicted efficacy of the technique.
Viscosity of Cryogenic Liquid Mixtures (Including LNG) from Corresponding States Methods

In view of the difficulties that still remain in the rigorous kinetic theory for liquids, the principle of corresponding states provides the most useful approach for predicting liquid transport properties. For pure, simple liquids (Ar, Kr, Xe, CH4) the principle can be derived from statistical mechanics [1,2] and has been shown to be accurately obeyed [2,3]. More recently, a conformai solution theory has been proposed [4,5] for mixtures of such simple liquids and gives good results for viscosity and thermal conductivity.
A Model for Predicting Future FEV1 Decline in Smokers Using Hyperpolarized 3He Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Rationale and Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance (MR)-based imaging markers in predicting future forced expiratory volume in one second decline/chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder progression in smokers compared to current diagnostic techniques. Materials and Methods Total 60 subjects (15 nonsmokers and 45 smokers) participated in both baseline and follow-up visits (∼1.4 years apart). At both visits, subjects completed pulmonary function testing, a six-minute walk test , and the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire. Using helium-3 MR imaging, means (M) and standard deviations (H) of oxygen tension (PAO2), fractional ventilation, and apparent diffusion coefficient were calculated across 12 regions of interest in the lungs. Subjects who experienced FEV1 decline >100 mL/year were deemed “decliners,” while those who did not were deemed “sustainers.” Nonimaging and imaging prediction models were generated through a logistic regression model, which utilized measurements from sustainers and decliners. Results The nonimaging prediction model included the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire total score, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide by the alveolar volume (DLCO/VA), and distance walked in a six-minute walk test. A receiving operating character curve for this model yielded a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 68% with an overall area under the curve of 65%. The imaging prediction model generated following the same methodology included ADCH, FVH, and PAO2H. The resulting receiving operating character curve yielded a sensitivity of 87.5%, specificity of 82.8%, and an area under the curve of 89.7%. Conclusion The imaging predication model generated from measurements obtained during 3He MR imaging is better able to predict future FEV1 decline compared to one based on current clinical tests and demographics. The imaging model's superiority appears to arise from its ability to distinguish well-circumscribed, severe disease from a more uniform distribution of moderately altered lung function, which is more closely associated with subsequent FEV1 decline.
Achieving Simplified Biasing Conditions with Pin Reduction Approach to enhance Static Fault Localization Capability

Successful fault localization is heavily dependent on the ability to replicate the failure mode in the analytical scanning optical microscope (SOM) system for defect isolation. However, typical SOM configuration with confined stage space is limited to about 4 probes – 4 SMUs resources for bench measurement. This has impeded the successful debug of functional IDDQ/powerdown leakage failure which may require higher pin counts to enter into leakage mode. In this paper, the static fault localization capability of such failures is enhanced with an engineering approach to simplify the biasing conditions for static debug within the SOM system with limited test resources. This is especially useful in a foundry environment that manufactures a wide variety of products from differentiated process lines. Several case studies were described to demonstrate how this optimized electrical FA flow was applied with great success to debug multiple challenging low yield functional leakage issues.
What it takes for a cough to expel mucus from the airway.

Cough is one of the most common symptoms for seeking medical care (1, 2). If cough is going to cause that much trouble, it better be worth it, and the clinical evidence is that indeed it is. Patients with impaired cough due to neuromuscular disease or postoperative sedation suffer high rates of atelectasis and pneumonia due to the failure to clear secretions from the airways, and there is evidence that a heightened cough reflex improves health (3, 4). Chief among airway secretions is mucus, and, in PNAS, Button et al. (5) analyze the biophysical requirements for a cough to separate adherent mucus from an airway wall. Before diving into the details, it is worth reviewing what is known about the biochemistry of mucus and the forces generated by a cough. Mucus is an important defense against perturbations from the outside world at wet epithelial surfaces throughout the body, including the eyes, airways, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract. Its importance is revealed when the mucus barrier malfunctions in disorders such as dry eyes or inflammatory bowel disease. Mucus is a remarkable and protean substance, with properties on the border between a viscous fluid and a soft elastic solid. Its properties primarily reflect the interactions of mucin glycoproteins (∼0.5% of mass) with water (∼98%) and salts (∼1%). Globular proteins are also present in normal mucus (∼0.5% of mass) but do not have a major impact on the physical properties of mucus unless they and DNA are present in abnormal amounts during pathologic processes (3). Mucins are very large highly glycosylated molecules, accounting for their avid interactions with water. Secreted mucins polymerize into chains and networks that confer on mucus its semisolid consistency. However, the physical properties of mucus are highly dependent on mucin concentration, with dilute mucus acting like a … [↵][1]1Email: bdickey{at}mdanderson.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Human skeletal muscle macrophages increase following cycle training and are associated with adaptations that may facilitate growth.

Skeletal muscle macrophages participate in repair and regeneration following injury. However, their role in physiological adaptations to exercise is unexplored. We determined whether endurance exercise training (EET) alters macrophage content and characteristics in response to resistance exercise (RE), and whether macrophages are associated with other exercise adaptations. Subjects provided vastus lateralis biopsies before and after one bout of RE, after 12 weeks of EET (cycling), and after a final bout of RE. M2 macrophages (CD11b+/CD206+) did not increase with RE, but increased in response to EET (P < 0.01). Increases in M2 macrophages were positively correlated with fiber hypertrophy (r = 0.49) and satellite cells (r = 0.47). M2c macrophages (CD206+/CD163+) also increased following EET (P < 0.001), and were associated with fiber hypertrophy (r = 0.64). Gene expression was quantified using NanoString. Following EET, the change in M2 macrophages was positively associated with changes in HGF, IGF1, and extracellular matrix genes. EET decreased expression of IL6 (P < 0.05), C/EBPβ (P < 0.01), and MuRF (P < 0.05), and increased expression of IL-4 (P < 0.01), TNFα (P < 0.01) and the TWEAK receptor FN14 (P < 0.05). The change in FN14 gene expression was inversely associated with changes in C/EBPβ (r = −0.58) and MuRF (r = −0.46) following EET. In cultured human myotubes, siRNA inhibition of FN14 increased expression of C/EBPβ (P < 0.05) and MuRF (P < 0.05). Our data suggest that macrophages contribute to the muscle response to EET, potentially including modulation of TWEAK-FN14 signaling.
A Multi-Representation Ensemble Approach to Classifying Vocal Diseases

The goal of the IEEE 2018 FEMH Voice Data Challenge was to develop an effective algorithmic approach to classifying voice samples as normal or pathological, and further subdivide the pathological samples into three types. We adopted a multi-representation ensemble approach to the task. We designed a pipeline with three classification stages, where each stage used a combination of supervised, semi-supervised and multiple-instance learners. This approach was able to achieve a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 76% in classifying normal from pathological samples and an unweighted average recall (UAR) of 60.67% in subclassifying pathological samples into three types.
Perfectly imperfect: The use of cognitive bias modification to reduce perfectionism.

Abstract Background and objectives Perfectionism is a transdiagnostic risk and maintenance factor for psychopathology. The current study developed and evaluated a cognitive bias modification, interpretation retraining (CBM-I) intervention targeting maladaptive perfectionistic beliefs. Methods Participants were undergraduate students randomized to complete the perfectionism CBM-I (n = 33) or control condition task (n = 36) at two time points. Additionally, participants completed measures of perfectionistic interpretations and trait perfectionism, as well as an impossible anagram task designed to elicit perfectionistic concerns. Results Results indicated that after the intervention, participants who completed the perfectionism CBM-I endorsed fewer perfectionistic interpretations than participants in the control condition. Furthermore, although the study groups self-reported comparably low confidence in their anagram task performance, participants who completed the perfectionism CBM-I reported wanting to re-do significantly fewer anagrams than participants in the control condition, suggesting greater acceptance of imperfect performance following the intervention. Moreover, supporting a key hypothesized mechanism of effect in CBM-I, reductions in perfectionistic interpretations mediated the effect of condition on the desire to re-do anagram task items. Limitations The study results should be viewed in light of limitations, including the short time-span of the study, and the use of a relatively small, non-clinical, and demographically homogenous convenience sample. Conclusions Further research and development of the perfectionism CBM-I intervention are needed, but the present findings add to a nascent evidence base that suggests CBM-I holds promise as an accessible and transdiagnostic intervention for perfectionism.
The World Besieged by Waste: On Garbage, Recycling, and Sublimation

This chapter examines several recent works, both fictional and non-fictional, that foreground issues of recycling and waste disposal in contemporary China—particularly in relation to the migrant labourers who frequently live near or even in China’s open-air waste dumps. The focus is on how these representations of municipal waste, which is invariably figured as an object of disgust and revulsion, are interwoven with themes of beauty and desire. The chapter suggests that a dialectics of refuse as both garbage and recyclables offers a way of approaching both the environment as such and the Anthropocene—the latter being understood as an environment that has been nearly irreversibly transformed by human activity.
The antigen processing and presentation machinery in lymphatic endothelial cells

Until a few years ago, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) were viewed as part of a passive conduit for lymph and immune cells to reach lymph nodes (LN). However, recent work has shown that LEC are active immunological players whose interaction with dendritic cells and T cells is of important immunomodulatory relevance. While the immunological interaction between LEC and other immune cells has taken a center stage, molecular analysis of LEC antigen processing and presentation machinery is still lagging. Herein we review the current knowledge of LEC MHC I and MHC II antigen processing and presentation pathways, Including the role of LEC in antigen phagocytosis, classical, and non-classical MHC II presentation, proteasome processing and MHC I presentation, and cross-presentation. The ultimate goal is to provide an overview of the LEC antigen processing and presentation machinery that constitutes the molecular basis for their role in MHC I and MHC II-restricted immune responses.
Stakeholder Preferences on Transdiagnostic Psychosocial Treatment for Trauma-Exposed Veterans

While modular and transdiagnostic approaches may address implementation challenges, there remains limited investigation into the fit within large healthcare systems. The current study examines qualitative interviews from patients, clinicians and administrative stakeholders in the Veterans Administration about experiences with, and views of, the Unified Protocol (UP; Barlow et al. in The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: therapist guide, Oxford University Press, New York, 2011) to understand potential for implementation. Qualitative interviews were conducted based on an established implementation framework and speak to implementation of transdiagnostic treatment in veterans, including insight into barriers, facilitators, intervention characteristics, patient characteristics, and system level variables. The UP demonstrated promise for improving efficiency, satisfaction and personalizing mental healthcare.
Radio Frequency Birefringence in South Polar Ice and Implications for Neutrino Reconstruction

Abstract Using a bistatic radar echo sounding (RES) system developed for calibration of the RICE particle astrophysics experiment at the South Pole, we have studied radio frequency (RF) reflections off the bedrock. The total propagation time of ∼ns-duration, vertically ( z ˆ ) broadcast radio signals, as a function of polarization orientation in the horizontal plane, provides a direct probe of the geometry-dependence of the ice permittivity to a depth of 2.8 km. We observe clear birefringent asymmetries along z ˆ in the lowest half of the ice sheet, at a fractional level ∼0.3%. This result is in contrast to expectations based on measurements at Dome Fuji, for which birefringence was observed in the upper 1.5 km of the ice sheet. This effect, combined with the increased radio frequency attenuation expected near the bedrock, renders the lower half thickness of South Polar ice less favorable than the upper half of the ice sheet in terms of its ultra-high energy neutrino detection potential.
FALCON: Efficient Designs for Zero-Copy MPI Datatype Processing on Emerging Architectures

Derived datatypes are commonly used in MPI applications to exchange non-contiguous data among processes. However, state-of-the-art MPI libraries do not offer efficient processing of derived datatypes and often rely on packing and unpacking the data at the sender and the receiver processes. This approach incurs the cost of extra copies and increases overall communication latency. While zero-copy communication schemes have been proposed for contiguous data, applying such techniques to non-contiguous data transfers bring forth several new challenges. In this work, we address these challenges and propose FALCON — Fast and Low-overhead Communication designs for intra-node MPI derived datatypes processing. We show that the memory layouts translation of derived datatypes introduce significant overheads in the communication path and propose novel solutions to mitigate such bottlenecks. We also find that the current MPI datatype routines cannot fully take advantage of the zero-copy mechanisms, and propose enhancements to the MPI standard to address these limitations. The experimental evaluations show that our proposed designs achieve up to 3 times improved intra-node communication latency and bandwidth over state-of-the-art MPI libraries. We also evaluate our designs with communication kernels of popular scientific applications such as MILC, WRF, NAS MG, and 3D-Stencil on three different multi-/many-core architectures and show up to 5.5 times improvement over state-of-the-art designs employed by production MPI libraries.
El horror en fragmentos: Eduardo Galeano y la memoria histórica de los derechos humanos latinoamericanos

espanolLa obra de Galeano, precursora de todo un trabajo sobre los horrores latinoamericanos, no ha sido tomada en cuenta lo suficiente por la academia; por este deficit critico he querido tomar su trabajo Memoria del Fuego, obra de una orfebreria contundente, pues el autor recurre a 227 libros, cartas y trabajos coloniales de primera generacion para plantear la condicion colonial latinoamericana, la usurpacion, el terror y el militarismo desde los tiempos de la Conquista. El trabajo analiza la importancia del pasado para conocer el presente, a menudo hay grandes lagunas en torno a fenomenos de represion que ya tuvieron lugar en otros siglos y al reconocerlo concientizar a las generaciones nuevas que buscan justicia social. Este trabajo ademas se apoya en dos discusiones: el uso del fragmento literario para plantear la historia debida y el pensamiento “abismal” de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, un critico decolonial por excelencia. Utilizo a Boaventura de Sousa porque para hablar de lo latinoamericano hay que utilizar los criticos de nuestro continente, quienes tienen una mirada aguda basada en las experiencias regionales de ausencias y de muerte EnglishThe work of Galeano, precursor of a whole work on the Latin American horrors has not been taken into account enough by the academy, for this critical deficit I wanted to take his work Memory of Fire, the work of a forceful goldsmith, because the author resorts to 227 books, letters and first generation colonial works to pose the Latin American colonial condition, usurpation, terror and militarism since the time of the Conquest.The work analyzes the importance of the past to know the present, there are often big gaps around phenomena of repression that already took place in other centuries and recognizing it to make new generations aware that seek social justice. This work is also supported by two discussions: the use of the literary fragment to present the due history and the "abysmal" thought of Boaventura de Sousa Santos, a decolonial critic par excellence. I use Boaventura de Sousa because to speak about Latin America we need to use the critics of our continent, who have a sharp look based on regional experiences of absences and death.
Information-Rich Environments: From Single Sense to Digital

This chapter defines information-rich environments, explores the range of information objects that constitute such environments, and outlines the learning affordances these objects offer as identified by decades of research that largely predates the Internet and the World Wide Web. Although research interest in such “traditional” environments has waned in recent years, a wealth of early studies have yielded fundamental concepts and principles that remain relevant to this day. In fact, understanding how the affordances of stand-alone information objects and formats can support learning in unique ways is prerequisite to exploiting the full learning potential of today’s interconnected information-rich environments. Thus, the chapter distills key findings related to the learning affordances of single-sense, multisensory, and stand-alone information environments—both traditional and digital—for two reasons: to illustrate how these affordances can support learning in their own right and to provide a foundation for considering how they can support learning in the more complex venues available today. The chapter concludes with a focus on interactivity—the primary learning affordance of today’s most compelling information-rich environments—to provide a bridge from the stand-alone digital environment to the online one described in Chap. 3.
Diagnostic and predictive value of speckle tracking echocardiography in cardiac sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that may affect the myocardium. This study evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Eighty-three patients with extracardiac, biopsy-proven sarcoidosis and definite/probable diagnosis of cardiac involvement diagnosed from January 2005 through December 2016 were included. Strain parameters in early stages of CS, in a subgroup of 23 CS patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) within normal limits (LVEF> 52% for men: > 54% for women, mean value: 57.3% ± 3.8%) and no wall motion abnormalities was compared with 97 controls (1:4) without cardiac disease. LV and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS), and radial (GRS) strain and strain rate (SR) analyses were performed with TomTec software and correlated with cardiac outcomes (including heart failure and arrhythmias). This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board, and all patients gave informed written consent to participate. Mean age of CS patients was 53.6 ± 10.8 years, and 34.9% were women. Mean LVEF was 43.2% ± 12.4%; LV GLS, − 12.4% ± 3.7%; LV GCS, − 17.1% ± 6.5%; LV GRS, 29.3% ± 12.8%; and RV wall GLS, 14.6% ± 6.3%. In the 23 patients with early stage CS with normal LVEF and RV systolic function, strain parameters were significantly reduced when compared with controls (respectively: LV GLS, − 15.9% ± 2.5% vs − 18.2% ± 2.7% [P = .001]; RV GLS, − 16.9% ± 4.5% vs − 24.1% ± 4.0% [P − 14%). Reduced strain values in the LV GLS and RV GLS can be used in the diagnostic algorithm in patients with suspicion of cardiac sarcoidosis. These values also correlate with adverse cardiovascular events.
Seasonal changes predominant over manure application in driving dissolved organic matter shifts in agricultural runoff

Abstract Non-point source nutrient pollution can cause eutrophication, hypoxic events, and harmful algal blooms in surface waters. Surface water eutrophication is frequently attributed to agricultural runoff, a known source of inorganic and organic nutrients to surface and subsurface waters. Analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) using ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry is an effective tool for characterizing diverse organic nitrogen and phosphorus components of DOM that may be mineralized and/or assimilated and ultimately contribute to eutrophication. An anion exchange resin was applied to extract DOM from surface and subsurface tile runoff from agricultural plots located within the Maumee River watershed (Ohio, USA) that received raw liquid manure, polymer-treated dewatered manure, or no manure (control). DOM extracts were analyzed using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry prior to manure application and during three runoff events after manure application. Organic nitrogen compounds were predominant, making up 38–48% of the total assigned formulas. Principle coordinates analysis indicated clustering predominately by sample month and secondarily by treatment. These findings show that a large amount of variability in DOM in runoff was observed regardless of manure application, indicating the important role played by natural processes in driving transformation of the DOM pool during the growing season. Molecular ions unique to runoff from manure-applied plots were also identified that may be useful in source-tracking of non-point source nutrient pollution in waters draining to Lake Erie.
Injury and Mortality Profiles in Level II and III Trauma Centers.

BackgroundWhile the benefit of admission to trauma centers compared to non-trauma centers is well-documented and differences in outcomes between Level-I and Level-II trauma centers are well-studied...
Solriamfetol for the Management of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

Objective:To review efficacy, safety, and place in therapy of solriamfetol for management of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patients with narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods...
Growth and morbidity in infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia according to initial lung volume: A pilot study

Abstract Background In congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors, failure to thrive is a well-known complication, ascribed to several factors. The impact of lung volume on growth of CDH survivors is poorly explored. Our aim was to evaluate if, in CDH survivors, lung volume (LV) after extubation correlates with growth at 12 and 24 months of life. Method s LV (measured as functional residual capacity-FRC) was evaluated by multibreath washout traces with an ultrasonic flowmeter and helium gas dilution technique, shortly after extubation. All CDH survivors are enrolled in a dedicated follow-up program. For the purpose of this study, we analyzed the correlation between FRC obtained shortly after extubation and anthropometric measurements at 12 and 24 months of age. We also compared growth between infants with normal lungs and those with hypoplasic lungs according to FRC values. A p Results We included in the study 22 CDH survivors who had FRC analyzed after extubation and auxological follow-up at 12 and 24 months of age. We found a significant correlation between FRC and weight Z-score at 12 months, weight Z-score at 24 months and height Z-score at 24 months. We also demonstrated that CDH infants with hypoplasic lungs had a significantly lower weight at 12 months and at 24 months and a significantly lower height at 24 months, when compared to infants with normal lungs. Conclusion We analyzed the predictive value of bedside measured lung volumes in a homogeneous cohort of CDH infants and demonstrated a significant correlation between FRC and growth at 12 and 24 months of age. An earlier identification of patients that will require an aggressive nutritional support (such as those with pulmonary hypoplasia) may help reducing the burden of failure to thrive.
Parameter Identification for Malicious Transaction Detection in Blockchain Protocols.

As blockchain-based platforms become increasingly ubiquitous, malicious actors looking to either break the underlying platform or leverage it for nefarious purposes will also become more common. In order to combat these actors, robust mechanisms to detect and address illicit activities must be developed. Many of the current approaches to detecting abnormal activity in blockchain-based platforms are platform specific. In this paper we provide some generic parameters that should be valid for most permissionless blockchain platforms, particularly permissionless blockchain platforms that can be used for malicious transaction detection. We then analyze those parameters in the Ethereum cryptocurrency platform. These parameters include volumetric transaction rate and unique address activity.
“Will America Work? Racial and Economic Equity in a Post-COVID World”

Due to a variety of structural, political, and economic changes, the US is currently in the midst of record levels of economic inequality. At the same time, the country is rapidly becoming more racially diverse (and dealing with the backlash of these demographic changes). In this article, I use Kalleberg?s (2003) framework of ?good jobs? and ?bad jobs? in conjunction with several sociological theories of race and racism to assess the implications of these changes. I suggest that the United States is at an inflection point that will either result in a shift toward policies that produce more racial and economic parity, or a commitment to forces that will further entrench these inequalities.
Constant of motion for ideal grain growth in three dimensions

Most metallic and ceramic materials are comprised of space-filling collections of crystalline grains separated by grain boundaries. While this grain structure has been studied for more than a century, there are few rigorous results regarding its global properties available in the literature. We present a rigorous result for three-dimensional grain structures that relates the integral of the Gaussian curvature over the grain boundaries to the numbers of grains and quadruple junctions. The result is numerically verified for a grain structure consisting of periodic truncated octahedra.
The Role of STEM-Based Sustainability in Business and Management Curricula: Exploring Cognitive and Affective Outcomes in University Students:

To address deficiencies in STEM and sustainability in business management and intra-university curricula, we developed and implemented an interdisciplinary STEM-based sustainability curriculum at a...
Necessity, volition, and love

One of the most influential of contemporary philosophers, Harry Frankfurt has made major contributions to the philosophy of action, moral psychology, and the study of Descartes. This collection of essays complements an earlier collection published by Cambridge, The Importance of What We Care About. Some of the essays develop lines of thought found in the earlier volume. They deal in general with foundational metaphysical and epistemological issues concerning Descartes, moral philosophy, and philosophical anthropology. Some bear upon topics in political philosophy and religion.
SU-D-304-02: Magnetically Focused Proton Irradiation of Small Field Targets

Purpose: To investigate the use of magnetic focusing for small field proton irradiations. It is hypothesized that magnetic focusing will provide significant dose distribution benefits over standard collimated beams for fields less than 10 mm diameter. Methods: Magnets consisting of 24 segments of radiation hard samarium-cobalt adhered into hollow cylinders were designed and manufactured. Two focusing magnets were placed on a positioning track on our Gantry 1 treatment table. Proton beams with energies of 127 and 157 MeV, 15 and 30 mm modulation, and 8 mm initial diameters were delivered to a water tank using single-stage scattering. Depth dose distributions were measured using a PTW PR60020 diode detector and transverse profiles were measured with Gafchromic EBT3 film. Monte Carlo simulations were also performed - both for comparison with experimental data and to further explore the potential of magnetic focusing in silica. For example, beam spot areas (based on the 90% dose contour) were matched at Bragg depth between simulated 100 MeV collimated beams and simulated beams focused by two 400 T/m gradient magnets. Results: Preliminary experimental results show 23% higher peak to entrance dose ratios and flatter spread out Bragg peak plateaus for 8 mm focused beams compared with uncollimatedmore » beams. Monte Carlo simulations showed 21% larger peak to entrance ratios and a ∼9 fold more efficient dose to target delivery compared to spot-sized matched collimated beams. Our latest results will be presented. Conclusion: Our results suggest that rare earth focusing magnet assemblies could reduce skin dose and beam number while delivering dose to nominally spherical radiosurgery targets over a much shorter time compared to unfocused beams. Immediate clinical applications include those associated with proton radiosurgery and functional radiosurgery of the brain and spine, however expanded treatment sites can be also envisaged.« less
Stimulation of collagen gene expression by ascorbic acid in cultured human fibroblasts. A role for lipid peroxidation

Ascorbic acid stimulates collagen gene expression in cultural fibroblasts (Lyons, B. L., and Schwartz, R. L. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 2569-2579), but the mechanisms responsible for this effect are poorly understood. In the presence of the transitional metal iron, ascorbic acid could induce lipid peroxidation with the formation of reactive aldehydes. Since another aldehyde, acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, also stimulates collagen transcription in cultured fibroblasts (Brenner, D. A., and Chojkier, M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem 262, 17690-17696), we investigated whether ascorbic acid induces lipid peroxidation in cultured cells and if this is the mechanism by which ascorbic acid stimulates collagen gene expression. Ascorbic acid (0.2 mM) induced lipid peroxidation in cultured human fibroblasts judging by the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and carbonyl groups, and by the presence of malondialdehyde- and 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts. Ascorbic acid stimulated (2-3-fold) the net production of collagen relative to total proteins, the levels of procollagen alpha 1 (I) mRNA and the transcription of this gene. Inhibition of the ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation in cultured human fibroblasts with alpha-tocopherol (50 microM) or methylene blue (10 microM) prevented the stimulation of collagen gene expression. The addition of malondialdehyde (200 microM), a product of lipid peroxidation, to cultured human fibroblasts also increased 2-3-fold collagen production and procollagen alpha 1 (I) mRNA levels. Thus, ascorbic acid induces lipid peroxidation and reactive aldehydes and this step may be necessary for the stimulation of collagen gene expression by ascorbic acid in cultured human fibroblasts.