cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A77: Investigating the role of ADAM10 in pancreatic tumor differentiation

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 4th most common cause of cancer related deaths in the United States and has a dismal 5-year survival rate of 6%. This prognosis is attributed the disease’s fast and asymptomatic progression to metastasis, leading to late diagnosis upon which time there are few treatment options available. The A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) family are sheddase proteins known to regulate cell adhesion and function. This regulation can allow ADAMs to influence the ability of tumor cells to disseminate from the primary tumor and metastasize to distant organs. ADAM10, which is seen to be up-regulated in both chronic pancreatitis and PDAC, cleaves a variety of substrates including several cell adhesion molecules such as L1-CAM, N-Cadherin, and E-Cadherin. Using a conditional knockout for ADAM10 in the Kras+/G12D;Ptf1a+/Cre (KC) mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we have observed an absence of metastasis when ADAM10 is genetically ablated. To investigate the potential role that ADAM10 plays in this, we used a shRNA approach to knock-down ADAM10 expression in various human pancreatic cancer cells lines. Analysis of these cell lines suggests a partial restoration of a less aggressive, differentiated phenotype, consistent with the increased longevity of the ADAM10 knockout KC mice.
THE TABOO OF VIRGINITY

In his paper on "The Taboo of Virginity," Freud (1918) reviewed a long-standing tradition of civilized cultures, according to which the male who first has intercourse with a virgin thereby wins the reward of her lasting devotion to the extent that the experience creates a state of sexual bondage in her. Despite the changing mores of our time which are marked by increased sexual freedom for both sexes, but perhaps more dramatically for females, we have little if any evidence to suggest that the significance of the first intercourse has been altered for the female or that the male feels less victorious if he has won the prize of her virginity. In males of good conscience, accompanying the feeling of victory, there is likely to arise a feeling of responsibility for the female thus enslaved, and this sense of responsibility carries with it threats of entanglements which the male may find uncomfortable and wish to avoid. We wish here to discuss some of the repercussions of such feelings in therapeutic relationships involving inexperienced male therapists whose patients are girls in early adolescence unused to talking about sex with young male doctors. Although we are considering what we might call psychical virginity or the virginity of psychic experience, we have found as supervisors remarkable resistances in both the therapist and his patient to recognizing and interpreting sexual material. Since the therapist in training is likely to be a young
Multidimensional sidelobe target editing with applications to terrain scattered jamming cancellation

We consider the problem of false alarms resulting from targets in the sidelobes of an adaptive beam. While such false alarms occur in many beamforming applications, the problem is especially troublesome in radar systems designed to cancel nonstationary multipath interference (e.g., terrain-scattered jamming). Because these systems process data in multiple dimensions, false target detections are often widely separated (e.g., in angle, Doppler and/or range). We describe a general technique for automatically classifying and removing sidelobe target detections. The technique is evaluated using simulated airborne radar data that has been adaptively beamformed using our optimized 3D STAP beamformer.
Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to TCDD or coplanar PCBs on spatial learning

Recently we reported that in utero and lactational exposure to specific ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners resulted in a learning deficit on a delayed spatial alternation (DSA) task in female rats. In this study, spatial learning and memory was assessed following in utero and lactational exposure to coplanar PCBs or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Time-mated Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed with PCB 77 (3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl), 2 or 8 mg/kg/day; PCB 126 (3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl), 0.25 or 1.0 μg/kg/day; TCDD, 0.025 or 0.1 μg/kg/day; or corn oil vehicle via gavage on gestation days 10–16. Litters were culled to eight on day 2 and weaned on day 21. Beginning on day 80, one male and one female from each litter were tested on an eight-arm radial maze working memory task. The TCDD-exposed rats displayed pronounced decreases in errors relative to controls. PCB 77- and PCB 126-exposed rats showed similar, but less pronounced, decreases in errors. The same animals were later tested on a T-maze DSA task, but no differences among groups were observed. In conclusion, perinatal exposure to low doses of TCDD or structurally related coplanar PCBs appeared to facilitate acquisition of a working memory task on the radial arm maze. This effect was very different from that previously observed in rats exposed to ortho-substituted PCB congeners. The rats exposed to ortho-substituted PCBs did not differ from controls on the radial arm maze and were impaired on the T-maze DSA task. Together these findings suggest that coplanar and ortho-substituted PCBs may have different mechanisms of action on the CNS.
Pectoralis major rupture during gait training: Case report

Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle is rare. The majority of cases have been reported in young, healthy athletes during strenuous activities such as weight-lifting, wind surfing, and football. The injury is thought to result from either a forceful contraction of the muscle applied to an immovable object or a sudden stretching force applied to the contracting muscle. This report describes a case of a 79-year-old man with a history of severe degenerative joint disease of the right hip and a recent left transtibial amputation secondary to a failed arterial bypass procedure. During prosthetic training the patient developed acute pain in the left shoulder and left axilla, which prevented him from further ambulation. Physical examination was consistent with a partial rupture of the pectoralis major. The causative factors of pectoralis major rupture in this patient are reviewed. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported.
The significance of thought disorder in diagnostic evaluations.

Abstract A group of 42 clinicians examined proverb interpretations and samples of writing from two schizophrenics, two manics, and two creative writers without any information about symptoms or past history. They diagnosed thought disorder more frequently in the writers and manics than in the schizophrenics and noted in them more traits commonly thought characteristic of thought disorder. Suspected diagnoses were never the same as the actual clinical diagnoses, and they were unable to distinguish the psychotic from the nonpsychotic individuals. These data suggest that current thinking about the nature and significance of thought disorder should be reexamined and reevaluated.
Educational Websites — Signaling Pathways

There are several key developmental pathways in pancreas development, including the Notch, Hedgehog, TGF-β, Wnt and EGF pathways. In this issue, ‘Pancreatology and the Web’ focuses on websites targeted toward these signaling pathways. The value of understanding the intricacies of these pathways and how they contribute to the formation of the pancreas during embryogenesis becomes essential in our studies to provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for two diseases that affect the pancreas, diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer.
Gender identity and substance use among students in two high schools in Monterrey, Mexico.

This study explored relationships between several hypothesized dimensions of gender identity and substance use outcomes within a non-probability sample of adolescents in Monterrey, Mexico. Based on Mexican concepts of machismo and marianismo, four gender identity constructs were measured: aggressive masculinity, assertive masculinity, affective femininity and submissive femininity. The study assessed how well these gender identity measures predicted substance use behaviors, substance use intentions, expectancies, and normative approval, and exposure and vulnerability to substance offers. Data were drawn from questionnaires completed by 327 students from 2 Monterrey secondary schools. Multivariate ordered logistic and linear regression analyses, adjusted for school level effects, indicated that aggressive masculinity was associated with higher risk of drug use on most outcomes, while affective femininity was associated with lower risk on selected outcomes. Assertive masculinity was associated with only one of the outcomes examined and submissive femininity with none of them. Most gender identity effects persisted after controlling for biological sex, academic performance, age, and other gender identity measures. For two of the outcomes, the gender identity measures had significantly stronger effects for males than for females. The findings are interpreted in light of males’ higher risk for drug use and changes in gender roles and gendered behavior that are now occurring in Mexico as in the U.S.
Information matrices of maximal parameter subsystems in linear models

It is shown that the information matrices of maximal parameter subsystems in linear models are linear functions of the moment matrices. With this result, design problems for maximal parameter subsystems are shown to be equivalent to design problems for the full parameter vector of a minimally parameterized model.
Characterization of articular calcium-containing crystals by synchrotron FTIR.

Summary Objective Sixty percent of synovial fluids from patients with severe osteoarthritis (OA) contain calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) or basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals. These bioactive crystals can be particularly difficult to accurately identify in complex biologic systems, such as in vitro models of crystal formation. We sought to determine if synchrotron Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (sFTIR) could be used to identify and characterize calcium-containing crystals in mineralization models. Methods CPPD and BCP crystals from porcine models of crystal formation were examined with an FTIR Microscope attached to a synchrotron light source. As a comparison, crystals from human synovial fluids were also examined. The sFTIR spectra generated were compared with known spectra of multiple forms of BCP and CPPD crystals, as well as spectra generated by synthetic CPPD and BCP crystals and cartilage proteoglycans, alone and in mixtures. Results sFTIR readily identified CPPD and BCP crystals in porcine models as well as in fresh synovial fluids. Brushite was also present in human and porcine samples, and whitlockite was seen in some porcine samples. Mixtures of minerals were commonly found in a single crystal aggregate in both human and porcine samples. In spectra from many CPPD crystals, the peak at the 1134cm −1 found on the standard spectrum for CPPD was diminished. Addition of spectra from cartilage proteoglycans to those of synthetic CPPD crystals dampened the peak at this frequency region, much as this peak was diminished in biologically derived CPPD crystals. Conclusion sFTIR analysis allows for accurate identification of CPPD and BCP crystals generated in vitro and will be a useful research tool to study articular crystals.
Radiographic study of the fifth metatarsal for optimal intramedullary screw fixation of Jones fracture.

Background:Jones fractures occur in the relatively avascular metadiaphyseal junction of the fifth metatarsal (MT), which predisposes these fractures to delayed union and nonunion. Operative treatme...
On the generating function for consecutively weighted permutations

We show that the analytic continuation of the exponential generating function associated to consecutive weighted pattern enumeration of permutations only has poles and no essential singularities. The proof uses the connection between permutation enumeration and functional analysis, and as well as the Laurent expansion of the associated resolvent. As a consequence, we give a partial answer to a question of Elizalde and Noy: when is the multiplicative inverse of the exponential generating function for the number permutations avoiding a single pattern an entire function? Our work implies that it is enough to verify that this function has no zeros to conclude that the inverse function is entire.
Uniformity of flow from sheeting dies

A numerical method for analyzing the uniformity of flow from sheeting dies is presented. The method assumes that the flow is isothermal and that the material is a power law fluid. A uniformity index is defined and methods are presented which enable die dimensions to be established which will result in a specified uniformity at particular flow rates and pressure drops. The analysis shows that the flow index “n” of the power law is the key parameter determining the uniformity of flow from a sheeting die.
Galleria mellonella are resistant to Pneumocystis murina infection.

Studying Pneumocystis has proven to be a challenge from the perspective of propagating a significant amount of the pathogen in a facile manner. The study of several fungal pathogens has been aided by the use of invertebrate model hosts. Our efforts to infect the invertebrate larvae Galleriamellonella with Pneumocystis proved futile since P. murina neither caused disease nor was able to proliferate within G. mellonella. It did, however, show that the pathogen could be rapidly cleared from the host.
Defining features of moral sensitivity and moral motivation: pathways to moral reasoning in medical students

Kohlberg's theory of moral development explores the roles of cognition and emotion but focuses primarily on cognition. Contemporary post‐formal theories lead to the conclusion that skills resulting from cognitive‐affective integration facilitate consistency between moral judgement and moral behaviour. Rest's four‐component model of moral development delineates these skills specifically. The components, moral motivation, moral sensitivity, moral reasoning and moral character, operate as multidimensional processes that facilitate moral development and subsequently promote moral behaviour. The relationships between these components have been relatively unexplored, thereby missing the opportunity to unpack the processes underlying moral growth and development. In this study, moral motivation (spirituality), moral sensitivity (post‐formal skills) and moral reasoning are operationalized to examine the mediational effects of moral sensitivity of medical students. In the complex moral environment of medical stude...
Treating and Downstaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Caudate Lobe with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

Purpose This study was designed to determine the technical feasibility, safety, efficacy, and potential to downstage patients to within transplantation criteria when treating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the caudate lobe using Y90 radioembolization.
Identification Problems in the Social Sciences and Everyday Life

Econometricians have found it useful to separate the problem of empirical inference into statistical and identification components. Studies of identification determine the conclusions that could be drawn if a researcher were able to observe a data sample of unlimited size. Statistical inference seeks to characterize how sampling variability affects the conclusions that can be drawn from samples of limited size. This Association Lecture to the Southern Economic Association describes the broad themes of a research program on identification that I began in the late 1980s and continue today. I show how these themes have played out in my analysis of the selection problem, a fundamental and pervasive identification problem. I examine how the selection problem manifests itself in the econometric analysis of market demand.
A Shift Of The Mean Level In A Sequence Of Independent Normal Random Variables—A Bayesian Approach—

In this article, a study is made about a shift in the mean of a set of independent normal random variables with unknown common variance. The marginal and joint posterior distributions of the unknown time point and the amount of shift are derived. Small and large sample results are presented.
Use of photoactivatable peptide substrates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt1p) to characterize a myristoyl-CoA-Nmt1p-peptide ternary complex and to provide evidence for an ordered reaction mechanism.

Abstract Nmt1p (EC 2.3.1.97) catalyzes the transfer of myristate (C14:0) from coenzyme A to the N-terminal glycine residue of a variety of eukaryotic cellular and viral proteins. Our recent studies of the 455-amino acid Saccharomyces cerevisiae acyltransferase (Nmt1p) suggested that its mechanism of catalysis is ordered Bi Bi with myristoyl-CoA binding occurring prior to binding of peptide and release of CoA occurring prior to release of the myristoyl-peptide. The interaction between enzyme and peptide has now been examined in greater detail by using photoactivatable octapeptide substrates containing 125I-labeled azidosalicyclic acid attached via an amide bond to the gamma-amino group of a diaminobutyrate residue located at position 2 or the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue located at position 8. The photopeptides can be specifically crosslinked to chymotryptic fragments of Nmt1p in the presence but not in the absence of a nonhydrolyzable myristoyl-CoA analog, S-(2-oxo)pentadecyl-CoA. Labeling of the chymotryptic fragments is markedly reduced when GLYASKLS, a high-affinity substrate derived from residues 2-9 of S. cerevisiae ADP-ribosylation factor 2, or ALYASKLS, a competitive inhibitor (for peptide), is added with the iodinated photopeptide. These findings suggest that peptide affinity for the acyl-CoA-Nmt1p binary complex is much greater than it is for apoNmt1p, consistent with the ordered Bi Bi mechanism ascribed to Nmt1p. Finally, automated sequential Edman degradation of these chymotryptic fragments suggests that the peptide binding domain of Nmt1p may be composed of elements from two protease-resistant domains, Arg42-Try219 and Thr220-Leu455.
Topographic distribution of seizure onset and hippocampal atrophy: Relationship between MRI and depth EEG

Medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is associated with hippocampal cell loss and organization of the dentate gyrus. Some studies suggest a correlation between the topographic distribution of cell loss and site of epileptogenesis. We studied the relationship between the site of ictal onset with the presence of segmental atrophy in patients with non-lesional MTLE using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and depth EEG. Ictal recordings were obtained from 27 patients with longitudinal hippocampal depth electrodes and variable combinations of subdural strips sampling medial temporal structures. The location of the depth electrode contacts was correlated with anatomical landmarks. Seizures were analyzed for the distribution of onset along the long axis of the hippocampus. MRI analysis were performed to detect segmental atrophy. Outcome was assessed 1 year or more following anterior temporal lobectomy. Twenty-five patients had unilateral, and two had bilateral, hippocampal atrophy. One hundred and forty-seven seizures were reviewed: 21 showed focal onset and 126 showed regional onset. Ictal onset involved the amygdala and anterior half of the hippocampus in 80% of the seizures while only 40% of patients had atrophy of these segments. Most patients had excellent outcome. In patients with MTLE the primary area of epileptogenesis does not parallel the hippocampal segments with the greatest degree of volume loss.
Infrared imaging method for flyby assessment of solar thermal panel operation in field settings

Abstract We describe a remote, non-intrusive method of identifying whether a solar thermal collector panel is operational. This method is tested for several commonly used solar thermal panels. Suitability of the proposed method for aerial flyby inspection of residential solar systems is discussed. It is found that non-operating panels are easily identifiable, as their temperature is appreciably higher than that of panels in operation, and that the expected variability of lighting, weather conditions, and distance between the panel and the imaging device do not significantly impede the diagnostic. Suitability of a similar method for identification of non-working photovoltaic collectors is also discussed.
Examining the reliability of self-reported data on school participation

Abstract Many studies evaluate the impacts of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs on schooling using self-reports on enrollment and attendance even though there are reasons to doubt the reliability of these data. In this paper, we examine the extent to which school-age girls overstate their school participation. Using administrative data from a cash transfer experiment in Malawi and school attendance ledgers collected as part of the impact evaluation, we find that while all study participants overstate their enrollment and attendance rates, the extent to which this happens is significantly higher in the control group than the CCT arm. This finding implies that exclusive reliance on self-reported school participation data can lead to a serious underestimation of actual program impacts. We recommend that self-reports be supplemented using alternative sources of data on school participation that are appropriate to the experiment at hand — even if such efforts are likely to increase evaluation costs.
Electrochemical activation of carbon nanotubes

Abstract This paper reports on the electrochemical pretreatment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) prepared by different processes. While the anodic pretreatment results in a dramatic improvement in the electrochemical reactivity of the ARC-produced CNT, CNT produced by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) appear to be resistant to the anodic activation. Such a dramatic difference in the pretreatment effect upon ARC- and CVD-produced CNT is illustrated using NADH, ascorbic acid, hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide model redox systems. The influence of the pretreatment potential and time is examined. Differences in the effect of the electrochemical pretreatment are attributed to the anodic preanodization effectively ‘breaking’ the basal-plane end caps of ARC-CNT thereby exposing edge plane defects, similar to those already present in the open-end caps of CVD-CNT. The new data offer a better understanding of the electrochemical reactivity of CNT and are consistent with the nature of the electroacatalytic properties of CNT.
Prefects as Senators: Soviet Regional Politicians Look to Foreign Policy

At recent all-union party congresses, Soviet republic and province leaders have devoted a progressively larger share of their speeches to foreign policy. By the 25th Congress, their remarks had become substantively rich and surprisingly diverse. Does this growing commentary signal an expansion of the Soviet foreign-policy making arena? After comparing the data to a series of alternative explanatory models, the author proposes that a model based solely on political ambition provides a promising but ultimately insufficient answer to this question and should be supplemented by a model presuming an increasing interest among regional leaders in influencing policy itself. This conclusion implies that the policy arena has expanded, an interpretation which is reinforced with additional data on the Central Committee's involvement in foreign policy discussions. Possible causes of arena expansion are then considered. However, the data suggest few concrete implications for the content of Soviet foreign policy.
Laboratory Studies with WARF Anti-resistant on House Flies

A strain of house flies, Musca domestica L., resistant to DDT and to various other insecticides was exposed for a number of generations to a mixture of DDT and N , N dibutyl- p -chlorobenzenesulfonamide, a DDT synergist available under the name of WARF anti-resistant. Initially, the flies were considerably more susceptible to the mixture of DDT and synergist than to DDT alone. With repeated exposure to the combination, however, resistance developed which was detected after 3 generations of selection. In addition, there was cross resistance to the amyl analog of WARF anti-resistant and to the DDT synergist bis-( p -chlorophenyl) ethynyl carbinol. With the use of this mixture, diazinon resistance present initially in the strain was intensified greatly during the course of selection.
Equation of state of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 up to 52 GPa at room temperature

We have performed in situ high pressure X-ray powder diffraction experiments on nanocrystalline BaTiO 3 (average particle size 40 nm) up to 52 GPa using synchrotron X-rays in the angle dispersive geometry with a diamond anvil cell. In order to understand the grain size effect on the tetragonal (P4mm) to cubic (Pm3m) phase transition and the compressibility, experiments were also carried out on bulkBaTiO 3 up to 36 GPa. The results show nanoBaTiO 3 is less compressible than the bulkBaTiO 3 and the phase transition pressure is found to be 1.9 GPa higher for nanoBaTiO 3 .
Gravitational constraints that generate a Lie algebra.

The coupling of gravity to dust helps one discover simple quadratic combinations of the gravitational super-Hamiltonian and supermomentum whose Poisson brackets strongly vanish. This leads to a new form of vacuum constraints which generate a true Lie algebra. We show that the coupling of gravity to a massless scalar field leads to yet another set of constraints with the same property, albeit not as simple as that based on the coupling to dust.
Designing to reduce maintenance costs

Maintenance is a broad subject and not exclusively confined to electrical installations. However, so as to be of practical value to electrical engineers, this article is confined to this field.
Polytertiary phosphines and arsines. VI. Some metal complexes of the mixed phosphine-diarsine bis(2-diphenylarsinoethyl)phenylphosphine

Abstract The following metal complexes of the phosphine-diarsine [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 AsCH 2 CH 2 ] 2 PC 6 H 5 (abbreviated as AsfPfAsf) can be prepared by procedures analogous to the preparation of the corresponding complexes of the the triphosphine [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 PCH 2 CH 2 ] 2 PC 6 H 5 : ( 1 ) Monoligate monometallic (AsfPfAsf)Fe(CO) (COCH 3 )(C 5 H 5 ); ( 2 ) Biligate monometallic (AsfPfAsf)M(CO) 4 (M = Cr and Mo) and [C 5 H 5 Mo(CO) 2 (AsfPfAsf)][PF 6 ]; ( 3 ) Triligate monometallic [(AsfPfAsf)MCl][PF 6 ] (M = Pd and Pt), (AsfPfAsf)RhCl 3 , (AsfPfAsf)M(CO) 3 (M = Cr and Mo), and (AsfPfAsf)Mn(CO) 2 Br. Reaction of rhenium(III) chloride with AsfPfAsf in boiling acetonitrile gives brown (AsfPfAsf) 2 Re 3 Cl 9 . Reaction of osmium tetroxide and hydrochloric acid with AsfPfAsf in boiling ethanol gives the yellow-orange osmium(III) derivative (AsfPfAsf)OsCl 3 . Reaction of [Rh(CO) 2 Cl] 2 with AsfPfAsf in boiling toluene gives brown sparingly soluble (AsfPfAsf)Rh 2 (CO) 3 Cl 2 . Reaction of CH 3 Mo(CO) 3 C 5 H 5 with AsfPfAsf in acetonitrile at room temperature gives yellow monoligate monometallic (AsfPfAsf)Mo(CO) 2 (COCH 3 )(C 5 H 5 ) rather than a triligate trimetallic derivative. Similarly the reaction of CH 3 Mo(CO) 3 C 5 H 5 with the phosphine-arsine (C 6 H 5 ) 2 AsCH 2 CH 2 P(C 6 H 5 ) 2 (abbreviated as AsfPf) gives the yellow monometallic derivative (AsfPf)Mo(CO) 2 (COCH 3 (C 5 H 5 ) rather than a biligate bimetallic derivative.
Context modulation of memory for fear extinction in humans

Distinct memories are formed during fear conditioning and subsequent extinction. In animals, the expression of the latter is gated by the context. The recall of extinction memory after a long delay, and the contextual modulation thereof, has not been directly tested in humans. Mentally healthy volunteers underwent a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction protocol that examined the recall of extinction memory and its relationship to context. Conditioned stimuli were paired with an aversive electric shock in one visual context and extinguished in a different context. Extinction recall and renewal were examined 24 h after training. We found that skin conductance responses were small when the conditioned stimulus was presented in the extinction context, but responses were renewed when the conditioned stimulus was presented in the conditioning context. This finding demonstrates context dependency of extinction recall in humans.
Oral regeneration in the ciliate Stentor coeruleus: a scanning and transmission electron optical study.

SYNOPSIS. Elaboration of ciliated feeding organelles in the protozoon Stentor coeruleus was reinvestigated for the first time by scanning electron microscopy which gives the most realistic 3-dimensional images. Parallel transmission EM studies of synchronized regenerating stentors gave further ultrastructural details of stomatogenesis, while also confirming the expectation that in the structure of its kineties this now classical experimental object does not differ from other species of Stentor previously studied. Within 2 hr after the stimulus to regeneration, several generations of new kinetosomes for the oral primordium are produced, first in association with kinetosomes of kineties at the restricted primordium site. These kinetosomes rapidly sprout membranellar cilia as well as subpellicular microtubules but are still randomly oriented (anarchic field). The forming membranellar band increases from its center-line to both sides while it grows in length. Young cilia are blunt-ended. Recession of the early anlage occurs without rupture of the pellicle; soon apparent is the clear border stripe of unknown function along the right side of the membranellar band. Instantaneous fixation of beating cilia in early primordia revealed random beating, with coordination and presumably membranellar organization not yet attained. In late anlagen there are 2 types of metachronal rhythm: transversely from cilium to cilium across any given membranelle, as well as the easily observable serial beating of membranelles along the entire band. A single file of cilia leads the subsequent cytostomal invagination. The posterior end of the membranellar band then follows to line the cytopharynx.
Understanding the mechanism of beta-sheet folding from a chemical and biological perspective.

Perturbing the structure of the Pin1 WW domain, a 34-residue protein comprised of three β-strands and two intervening loops has provided significant insight into the structural and energetic basis of β-sheet folding. We will review our current perspective on how structure acquisition is influenced by the sequence, which determines local conformational propensities and mediates the hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonding, and analogous intramolecular interactions. We have utilized both traditional site-directed mutagenesis and backbone mutagenesis approaches to alter the primary structure of this β-sheet protein. Traditional site-directed mutagenesis experiments are excellent for altering side-chain structure, whereas amide-to-ester backbone mutagenesis experiments modify backbone-backbone hydrogen bonding capacity. The transition state structure associated with the folding of the Pin1 WW domain features a partially H-bonded, near-native reverse turn secondary structure in loop 1 that has little influence on thermodynamic stability. The thermodynamic stability of the Pin1 WW domain is largely determined by the formation of a small hydrophobic core and by the formation of desolvated backbone-backbone H-bonds enveloped by this hydrophobic core. Loop 1 engineering to the consensus five-residue β-bulge-turn found in most WW domains or a four-residue β-turn found in most β-hairpins accelerates folding substantially relative to the six-residue turn found in the wild type Pin1 WW domain. Furthermore, the more efficient five- and four-residue reverse turns now contribute to the stability of the three-stranded β-sheet. These insights have allowed the design of Pin1 WW domains that fold at rates that approach the theoretical speed limit of folding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 751–758, 2008. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Bacterial Resistance to Ultraviolet Irradiation under Anaerobiosis: Implications for Pre-Phanerozoic Evolution

The concept that low concentrations of atmospheric oxygen and consequent unattenuated ultraviolet irradiation limited the emergence of Phanerozoic life, the Berkner-Marshall hypothesis, is no longer tenable. Anaerobic bacteria, which probably evolved far earlier than Metazoa, were irradiated in a special chamber under strictly anaerobic conditions. Both intrinsic resistance and photoreactivation by visible light were discovered in obligately and facultatively anaeroboc microbes. Atmospheric scientists have shown that small amounts of oxygen would have limied pre-Phanerozoic surface ultraviolet irradiation to fluxes well below those used in the anaerobic experiments described. Since adequate ultraviolet protection mechanisms evolved early, the late Proterozoic appearance of Metazoa probably was not related to high fluxes of solar ultraviolet radiation.
Nonlinear Modeling and Experimental Validation of Tire Nonuniformity Induced Tangential Steering Wheel Vibrations

This paper describes the model integration and validation that followed the development of nonlinear models of a tire with non-uniformities, a double wishbone suspension and rack-and-pinion power steering. These submodels are integrated to investigate the effects of variation of tire, suspension and steering parameters on the transmission of tire forces acting on the wheel spindle to the steering system and vehicle chassis. The tire model is based on a rigid ring model which includes mass imbalance and balancing mass. The suspension is idealized as rigid links with seven degrees-of-freedom and the bushings are represented by spring-damper elements. The equations of motion are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method in Maple, and solved numerically using Matlab DAE solver. The steering system is idealized as a four degree-of-freedom system and considers motion of the rack, rack housing, pinion gear and steering wheel. Nonlinear compliant friction is considered between the pinion gear / rack, and the steering column / chassis interfaces. The analytical model is used to develop a quantitative measure of the relative importance of the parameters such as mass/inertia, suspension bushing stiffness and damping, torsion bar stiffness and damping, rack friction and damping, to the force transmissibility to the vehicle chassis and the steering system. Experimental results include a modal analysis, a shop-testing and road testing, which are used to cross verify the numerical simulations. The testing shows the variation of forces in the steering system due to tire imbalances, emphasizing the nonlinear variation of the nibble phenomenon with vehicle speed and tire imbalance. Results obtained from simulation matches well with the experimental measurements.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Hierarchical neural networks for the classification of undersea events

Improvements in the design of small unmanned underwater vehicles and man's ever increasing exploitation of the oceans, insures that autonomous pattern recognition systems will play an increasingly significant role in undersea systems. Unmanned underwater missions are an attractive alternative to dangerous and costly manned missions. Of national interest are exploration and mapping, environmental monitoring and cleanup, military applications as well as commercial exploitation. High performance classifiers are the greatest unsolved technical challenge to fielding autonomous undersea systems. Classification of man-made underwater objects is particularly difficult because the harsh sensing environment produces low resolution, low signal to noise data. Traditional approaches use single networks. These networks have performance limitations which are due in part to the restricted feature set size they can accommodate. Single networks are therefore not likely to perform optimally under varied environmental conditions. For similar reasons they have a problem taking advantage of multi- sensor data. In this paper, hierarchical neural network architectures, which address the limitations of single network classifiers, are developed. One of these architectures, the sequential classifier, is applied against a difficult side scan sonar data set containing a highly cluttered and variable environment. Performance of the sequential classifiers is compared to the traditional single network classifiers, whose feature sets have been optimized, and show significant improvement. Sequential classifiers have achieved a detection rate of .98 and a .002 false alarm rate. A subset of the networks have been demonstrated on special purpose hardware to run in real time.
Idiopathic CD4 + T‐lymphocytopenia: Analysis of a patient with selective IgA deficiency and no evidence of HIV infection

Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia (ICL) in HIV-seronegative patients is a newly described, rare entity. The common underlying abnormality is a usually stable depletion in CD4+ lymphocytes in patients, some of which have unexplained opportunistic infections. We present a previously unreported condition of an asymptomatic individual with CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia and a selective IgA deficiency. The subject is a 35-year-old healthy white male with a documented 5-year history of low CD4+ T cell counts. He has been repeatedly HIV seronegative and has no risk factors for HIV infection. Data were obtained from several laboratories over a 5-year period and include standard WBC differentials, HIV testing, serum immunoglobulin quantitation, mitogen stimulation assays, diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin titers, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping. The composite results show a subject with a normal white blood cell count, an absolute lymphopenia, a slight granulocytosis, and a selective IgA deficiency. Leukocyte subset analyses show essentially normal B but significantly altered T cell phenotypes. The normal CD4:CD8 ratio shows extreme inversion, primarily due to CD4 T-lymphocytopenia.
Time-dependent perturbation theory for the construction of invariants of Hamiltonian systems

Abstract A time-dependent perturbation theory is presented for iteratively constructing invariants for a Hamiltonian consisting of a time-independent zeroth-order term plus a time-dependent perturbation. The procedure involves only a single canonical transformation and small divisors can be avoided. The Mathieu equation is treated as an example.
Morphogenesis of Strongyloides stercoralis Infective Larvae Requires the DAF-16 Ortholog FKTF-1

Based on metabolic and morphological similarities between infective third-stage larvae of parasitic nematodes and dauer larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans, it is hypothesized that similar genetic mechanisms control the development of these forms. In the parasite Strongyloides stercoralis, FKTF-1 is an ortholog of DAF-16, a forkhead transcription factor that regulates dauer larval development in C. elegans. Using transgenesis, we investigated the role of FKTF-1 in S. stercoralis' infective larval development. In first-stage larvae, GFP-tagged recombinant FKTF-1b localizes to the pharynx and hypodermis, tissues remodeled in infective larvae. Activating and inactivating mutations at predicted AKT phosphorylation sites on FKTF-1b give constitutive cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of the protein, respectively, indicating that its post-translational regulation is similar to other FOXO-class transcription factors. Mutant constructs designed to interfere with endogenous FKTF-1b function altered the intestinal and pharyngeal development of the larvae and resulted in some transgenic larvae failing to arrest in the infective stage. Our findings indicate that FKTF-1b is required for proper morphogenesis of S. stercoralis infective larvae and support the overall hypothesis of similar regulation of dauer development in C. elegans and the formation of infective larvae in parasitic nematodes.
Three-dimensional spectral signal-to-noise ratio for a class of reconstruction algorithms

A three-dimensional (3D) version of the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SSNR)-based resolution measure is introduced. The measure is defined for a class of 3D reconstruction algorithms that use interpolation in Fourier space. The statistical properties of the SSNR are discussed and related to the properties of another resolution measure, the Fourier shell correlation (FSC). The new measure was tested on 3D structures calculated from a simulated set of quasi-evenly spaced 2D projections using a nearest-neighbor interpolation and a gridding algorithm. In the latter case, the results agree very well with the FSC-based estimate, with the exception of very high SSNR values. The main applicability of the 3D SSNR is tomography, where due to the small number of projections collected, FSC cannot be used. The new measure was applied to three sets of tomographic data. It was demonstrated that the measure is sufficiently sensitive to yield theoretically expected results. Therefore, the 3D SSNR opens up the possibility of evaluating the quality of tomographic reconstructions in an objective manner. The 3D distribution of SSNR is of major interest in single-particle analysis. It is shown that the new measure can be used to evaluate the anisotropy of 3D reconstructions. The distribution of SSNR is characterized by three anisotropy indices derived from principal axes of the 3D inertia covariance matrix of the SSNR. These indices are used to construct a 3D Fourier filter which, when applied to a 3D reconstruction of a macromolecule, maximizes the SNR in real space and minimizes real-space artifacts caused by uneven distribution of 2D projections.
Study of the SP-100 radiator heat pipes response to external thermalexposure

This research presents the results of a study of the transient response of potassium heat pipes, simulating the SP-100 system radiator heat pipes, to external thermal exposure. Results demonstrate that a heat pipe failure caused by external thermal exposure below 200 kW/m2 is unlikely; however, a reverse operation that will transport a fraction of the external heat to the lithium in the secondary coolant loop will occur temporarily. This fraction of the external heat increases with the heat flux, the exposed fraction of the heat pipe, and the exposure time up to the heat pipe's response time (~ 6.5 s). Beyond this time, the fraction of the external heat transported to the secondary coolant becomes independent of the exposure time. Conversely, the fraction of the external heat radiated into space decreases as the exposed fraction of the heat pipe and/or the heat flux increases. Results also demonstrate that a full external exposure as low as 17 kW/m2 lasting for more than 6.5 s can reverse the operation of the radiator's heat pipes, regardless of their lengths. However, a full exposure of the radiator at its inward surface to a net heat flux of only 200 kW/m2 for more than 6.5 s could cause the heat pipe wall to fail as the induced stress in the wall due to the vapor pressure of the potassium working fluid exceeds the yield strength of the titanium liner of the wall.
Pelvic washing cytology of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig-cell tumor with retiform pattern: a case report.

A Sertoli-Leydig-cell tumor is an exceptionally rare neoplasm. We present the pelvic washing cytomorphology of an ovarian Sertoli-Leydig-cell tumor with a retiform pattern in a 24-yr-old female. The cytologic features in this case were tight tissue fragments composed of small, relatively uniform cells with scanty cytoplasm and small rounded or blunt papillary fragments with hyalinized cores lined with small, mildly atypical cuboidal cells. Differential diagnoses included borderline and well-differentiated papillary serous tumors, clear-cell carcinoma, and collagen balls. Correlation of cytologic findings with histomorphology is crucial for correct interpretation of pelvic washings in cases of Sertoli-Leydig-cell tumors.
Oxidative Enzymes of Ceratocystis fimbriata Isolates Differing in Host Specificity

Eight isolates of Ceratocystis fimbriata differing in pathogenicity on sweet potato roots were compared in vitro for peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities. Pathogenic isolates were generally lower in specific activities of peroxidase and catalase than the nonpathogenic isolates. Cultures of pathogenic isolates were distinguished by black culture liquid compared to the yellow color of nonpathogenic isolates. No consistent differences among the isolates were apparent when the specific activity of polyphenol oxidase preparations were compared on various phenolic substrates. The peroxidase of C. fimbriata had an approximate molecular weight of 81,000 when compared with known protein standards on a column of Sephadex G-100 dextran gel. Its substrate specificity differed from horseradish peroxidase in that it was nonreactive with guaiacol.
Women and the American new right: Feminist interventions

Abstract The American New Right is a complex ideological configuration that combines conservatism positions on social and economic issues. Like other critics of the Right, feminists respond to a web of discourses, policies, practices, and institutions related to “family values” and market fundamentalism. However, feminist scholars also intervene in conservative discourse and practice in unique ways by examining the roles of women and the meanings of gender on the Right, and by analyzing the intersectional consequences on the principal strands of the American New Right. We conclude with suggestions on future directions for feminist theory and research.
Analysis of a dual-frequency moving target indication system

The problem of a two-frequency m.t.i. system is formulated for a general case. It is concluded that: (a) The two-frequency m.t.i. system sees an increased clutter Doppler variance as compared to that of a single frequency system. (From σ2 to σ2(1 + r2) where r is the ratio of the carrier frequencies in the two frequency channels.) (b) The mean clutter-Doppler frequency, at the same time, is reduced accordingly from f0 to f0(1 − r).
Towards an ecocritical postcolonialism: Val Plumwood’s Environmental Culture in dialogue with Patrick Chamoiseau

This essay participates in the work of synthesizing postcolonialism and ecocriticism by pointing to the texts and approaches that suggest a productive resolution of the tension between these two critical practices. At the heart of my discussion is Environmental Culture: The Ecological Crisis of Reason (2002), by the Australian ecophilosopher Val Plumwood, which is a work that offers a corrective to critical postcolonialism’s “over‐culturalised sensibility”. Read in conjunction with a number of works by Martinican novelist and essayist Patrick Chamoiseau, Plumwood’s ecophilosophical insights into the distribution of capitalism’s negative externalities, the persistence of the centre/periphery model of politics, and the consequences of remoteness allow for readings that account not just for the human effects of the post/colonial condition but also for the effects on the non‐human world.