cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The hitchhiker's guide to becoming invasive: exotic mosquitoes spread across a US state by human transport not autonomous flight

Not all exotic species establish and expand aggressively (i.e. become invasive). As potential vectors of disease agents, invasive mosquitoes can have considerable impact on public health, livestock and wildlife; therefore, understanding the species characteristics and ecological circumstances promoting their invasiveness is important. The mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus, originally from north-east Asia, was introduced at least two separate times to the north-eastern USA, as surmised from the initial existence of two populations with distinct nuclear and mitochondrial genetic signatures that later intermixed. Since these original introductions in the late 1990s, Ae. j. japonicus has expanded across 31 US states, two Canadian provinces and five European countries. Although some of the expanded range was due to other independent introductions, to understand what drove the postintroduction expansion of Ae. j. japonicus within the north-eastern USA, we performed a high-resolution landscape genetic analysis of 461 specimens collected across Virginia, a state south of the original introductions. All specimens were genotyped at seven pre-optimized microsatellite loci, and a subsample was sequenced at one mitochondrial locus. We concluded that throughout Virginia this species has primarily expanded in association with humans: genetic distance and distance along roads remained correlated after controlling for geographic distance, and proximity to I-95, a major interstate highway, strongly predicted nuclear ancestry. In contrast, there was very limited evidence of diffusion even at distances potentially suitable for autonomous mosquito flight. This implies that its association with humans (rather than innate species characteristics) is the single most important determinant of invasiveness in this mosquito.
The research and application of ratio of mining and remaining in deep gypsum mine seam mining

Through the WenYang gypsum mine deep cream layer sampling,physical mechanics test,got deep cream layer of the mechanical parameters,using the theory and accessory area beam theory,determining its mining room span of 4.0 m,anointed column width is 5.0 meters,and in 3Ⅱ319 working face carried on the experiment,got a very good safety and economic benefit,so provide scientific basis to the ratio of mining and remaining designation of gypsum mine,at the same time,to other gypsum mine deep mining also has a good guide.
Improving the Quality of Handoffs in Patient Care Between Critical Care Providers in the Intensive Care Unit

With the ever-increasing adoption of shift models for intensive care unit (ICU) staffing, improving shift-to-shift handoffs represents an important step in reducing medical errors. The authors developed an electronic handoff tool integrated within the existing electronic medical record to improve handoffs in an adult ICU. First, stakeholder (staff intensivists, fellows, and nurse practitioners/physician assistants) input was sought to define what elements they perceived as being essential to a quality handoff. The principal outcome measure of handoff accuracy was the concordance between data transmitted by the outgoing team and data received by the incoming team (termed as agreement). Based on stakeholder input, the authors developed the handoff tool and provided regular education on its use. Handoffs were observed before and after implementation of the tool. There was an increase in the level of agreement for tasks and other important data points handed off without an increase in the time required to complete the handoff.
CW-stimulated Brillouin gain spectroscopy of liquids, supercooled liquids, and glasses

High-resolution stimulated Brillouin gain (SBG) spectroscopy has recently been demonstrated for gases,1 liquids,2 and optical glass.3 In this nonlinear optical experiment, two lasers are used to stimulate and probe hypersonic sound waves in the sample. As in stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy, the resolution is determined by the linewidths of the lasers employed. Our SBG apparatus2 employs low-power cw lasers in order to maximize resolution, and spectra with good signal-to-noise (limited by shot noise in the HeNe probe laser) are obtained through the use of balanced detection and double modulation. An external confocal etalon is used to linearize the frequency scans of our pump laser—a ring dye-laser—so that highly accurate measurements of Brillouin shifts can be made.
Single Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Retreatment of Skull Base Recurrent Head and Neck Malignancies.

INTRODUCTION Recurrent head and neck carcinomas are notoriously difficult to treat. Salvage surgery, brachytherapy, and repeat external beam radiotherapy have all been utilized, achieving modest local control at the expense of elevated toxicity. We performed a retrospective review to evaluate the efficacy of single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of recurrent head and neck carcinomas. METHODS Eighteen previously irradiated patients diagnosed with a locoregionally recurrent head and neck malignancy and treated with single fraction SRS from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed. Actuarial rates for local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were calculated with Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS Median follow-up was 16.1 months and SRS dose was 13.3 Gy. One-year rate of LC was 52.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29%-72%). Median OS was 25.4 months. Parotid gland primary had an increased risk of progressive disease (PD) following SRS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.24, p=0.02). Squamous cell histology was negatively associated with OS (HR 3.85, p=0.03). One patient experienced grade 2 radionecrosis. CONCLUSIONS Single fraction SRS is an acceptable treatment for previously irradiated patients with recurrent head and neck primary malignancies. Dose escalation to optimize LC should be examined.
Impact of parametric uncertainty on estimation of the energy deposition into an irradiated brain tumor

Abstract Predictions of the total energy deposited into a brain tumor through X-ray irradiation are notoriously error-prone. We investigate how this predictive uncertainty is affected by uncertainty in both the location of the region occupied by a dose-enhancing iodinated contrast agent and the agent's concentration. This is done within the probabilistic framework in which these uncertain parameters are modeled as random variables. We employ the stochastic collocation (SC) method to estimate statistical moments of the deposited energy in terms of statistical moments of the random inputs, and the global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to quantify the relative importance of uncertainty in these parameters on the overall predictive uncertainty. A nonlinear radiation–diffusion equation dramatically magnifies the coefficient of variation of the uncertain parameters, yielding a large coefficient of variation for the predicted energy deposition. This demonstrates that accurate prediction of the energy deposition requires a proper treatment of even small parametric uncertainty. Our analysis also reveals that SC outperforms standard Monte Carlo, but its relative efficiency decreases as the number of uncertain parameters increases from one to three. A robust GSA ameliorates this problem by reducing this number.
Inflation of Rolled Tubes

Extensive plans are in progress for large structures in space applications, as discussed in the 2nd National Space Inflatables Workshop (1998). The consensus is that much of this will be possible only with inflatable structural elements. There are considerable challenges in the development of such devices as reliable tools. Analytical simulation can play a significant role in speeding the development and increasing the reliability. However, the analysis of an inflated tube undergoing large displacements is prohibitive for a direct calculation using thin shell theory. An evaluation of the approximate techniques in use for inflatables is given by Jenkins (1991). A comprehensive study of nonlinear shell theory is given by Libai and Simmonds (1998). However, a convenient method, both sufficiently accurate and numerically efficient, for dealing with the deployment of membranes and complex structures has not seemed to be available.
Gender Differences in Sleep and War Zone-Related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

As women’s role in combat operations continue to expand, a larger number of female military personnel will be exposed to traumatic events in the war zone. Exposure to combat and other deployment stressors place both men and women at higher rates for developing PTSD and other mental health problems. Findings among male and female service members suggest minimal differences in overall rates of PTSD; however, results are mixed. Evidence suggests that men are more likely than women to endorse substance abuse following deployment whereas women are more likely than men to endorse depressive symptoms. To date, no studies examine gender differences in symptoms profiles of PTSD among combat veterans. However, studies among civilian samples (e.g., motor vehicle accidents, natural disasters, terrorist attacks) suggest that women report higher levels of overall post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and a higher level of peritraumatic dissociation immediately following trauma events. While both men and women with PTSD experience significant problems with sleep quality, it appears there are some initial gender differences in types of problems experienced. Differences between reexperiencing, avoidant, and arousal symptoms are mixed, and it is unclear whether studies of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following civilian trauma can generalize to a military population. Cognitive, biological, and affective factors that influence the development and maintenance of PTSD are discussed in order to explore potential explanations for the observed gender differences in the symptomatology of PTSD. Implications for PTSD treatment are discussed.
Using Standardized Patient Assessments to Evaluate a Health Literacy Curriculum.

Background and objectives Patients' health literacy is a growing concern as patients are expected to perform more self-care. While many US schools implement health literacy in their curricula, time spent on the topic ranges from 0 to 8 hours and is largely didactic. Evaluation of health literacy skills is not well defined. The effectiveness of a health literacy curriculum for third-year medical students was evaluated by two standardized patients assessments (SPAs). Methods All third-year medical students complete a required 4-week clerkship in family medicine. After participating in seminars on patient-centered communication, health literacy, mindfulness, implicit bias, and chronic disease management, students complete SPA-1. Students also work in two team-based teaching clinics with chronic disease patients with limited health literacy and receive faculty feedback. At week 4, students complete SPA-2. Six raters evaluated all video-recorded SPA performances using the Common Ground validated instrument and a tailored health literacy skills checklist. Results Using SPAs and reliably-trained nonclinical raters is an effective method for training and evaluating students about health literacy. Two classes (2013 and 2015) had significant improvement in Common Ground core skills from SPA-1 to SPA-2. For all classes, a small but significant increase in student use of health literacy checklist was seen from SPA-1 to SPA-2. Conclusions Didactic sessions prepare students to demonstrate competence on Common Ground and health literacy skills. Improvements in students' health literacy and communication skills are feasible in a 4-week clerkship utilizing the curriculum and evaluation process described.
Activation of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis Alleviates Total ROS in Aspergillus parasiticus.

An aspect of mycotoxin biosynthesis that remains unclear is its relationship with the cellular management of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we conduct a comparative study of the total ROS production in the wild-type strain (SU-1) of the plant pathogen and aflatoxin producer, Aspergillus parasiticus, and its mutant strain, AFS10, in which the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway is blocked by disruption of its pathway regulator, aflR. We show that SU-1 demonstrates a significantly faster decrease in total ROS than AFS10 between 24 h to 48 h, a time window within which aflatoxin synthesis is activated and reaches peak levels in SU-1. The impact of aflatoxin synthesis in alleviation of ROS correlated well with the transcriptional activation of five superoxide dismutases (SOD), a group of enzymes that protect cells from elevated levels of a class of ROS, the superoxide radicals (O2−). Finally, we show that aflatoxin supplementation to AFS10 growth medium results in a significant reduction of total ROS only in 24 h cultures, without resulting in significant changes in SOD gene expression. Our findings show that the activation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in A. parasiticus alleviates ROS generation, which in turn, can be both aflR dependent and aflatoxin dependent.
Open Records, Shuttered Labs: Ending Political Harassment of Public University Researchers

This Article confronts a dangerous contemporary trend: the political harassment of public university professors by activists on the right and left, through the mechanism of open records requests. It is timed to a moment when universities and state legislatures are grappling with the consequences of escalating public-records intrusion into scholars’ work that threatens enterprises as diverse as climate change research and biomedical experiments. Every U.S. state has an open records law — a statute that permits any person, for any reason, to access the records of public agencies. Unknown to many, these state laws typically sweep public universities within their definition of “agencies,” making professors’ draft manuscripts, e-mails, and even exam questions potentially fair game for records requesters. In the past decade, scholars in states with broad open records laws have increasingly received harassing records requests from requesters politically or economically threatened by the intellectual work they seek to reveal. Such requests undermine the peer review process and the communications through which scholars explore and contest ideas, impairing the core intellectual functions of the university. Equally worrisome, harassing record requests chill research on critical contemporary issues — a knowledge-generation role of universities that is essential to a democracy, which depends on an informed citizenry. This Article argues that professors should never have been subject to public records laws in the first instance, both because they are not engaged in public governance, and because open records laws are fundamentally incompatible with academic freedom. It further argues that the best way to stanch the present records request intrusion into scholars’ work is to create a broad scholar-records exemption from existing state laws. While some commentators have described the problem of public records harassment of university faculty, none have presented an in-depth theoretical justification for reform, nor an examination of the full range of harms stemming from public demands for scholar records. This is also the first article to propose a specific legislative fix, informed by real-world legal battles over scholar records disclosure. By presenting the most comprehensive and prescriptive issue treatment yet, this Article aims to help open records reform cross the political finish line.
Intrinsic functional neurocircuitry associated with treatment response to transdiagnostic CBT in bipolar disorder with anxiety.

Abstract Background Anxiety in bipolar disorder (BD) exacerbates emotion dysregulation and reduces treatment response. We recently conducted a pilot trial of transdiagnostic CBT to target anxiety and emotion dysregulation in BD adjunctive to pharmacotherapy. Reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly predicted by baseline levels of neuroticism and perceived affective control, as well as changes over time in emotion regulation skills. The present study investigates mechanism of treatment response by examining the relationship between baseline emotion regulation-related neural circuitry and trial outcomes. Methods Nineteen patients completed baseline resting state fMRI scans prior to treatment randomization. Functional connectivity between the anterior insula (AI) and regions in the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN), and executive control network (ECN) were examined as predictors of baseline and treatment-related changes in emotion regulation. Results Greater improvements in emotion regulation were predicted by weaker right dorsal AI – right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC; SN) and stronger bilateral dorsal AI – bilateral amygdala functional connectivity. Baseline neuroticism was negatively correlated with right dorsal AI- inferior parietal lobule (ECN) functional connectivity, and baseline deficits in perceived affective control were positively associated with ventral AI – bilateral dACC (SN) connectivity. Limitations Small sample limits interpretability of treatment-specific effects. Conclusion Baseline functional connectivity of emotion-regulation related neural circuitry significantly predicted change in emotion regulation-related dimensions associated with anxiety and depression symptom reduction. Future studies are needed to determine if employing methods such as neuromodulation to rehabilitate relevant neural circuitry may improve ultimate treatment outcomes of transdiagnostic CBT for BD and anxiety.
Interactions of STATs with Src Family Kinases

C-Src tyrosine kinase is the cellular homologue of v-Src, the oncogenic form of the protein encoded by the chicken retrovirus, Rous sarcoma virus (reviewed in 1, 2). The Src family of tyrosine kinases includes Src, Yes, Yrk, and Fyn which are ubiquitously expressed, and Hck, Fgr, Lyn, Lck and Blk which are expressed predominantly in hematopoetic cells (myeloid cells and B and T lymphocytes). These proteins are approximately 60kDa in molecular weight and are composed of six domains (Figure 1). For Src, these domains are: 1) the N-terminal domain that contains a signal for myristolyation and targets the cytosolic kinase to intracellular membranes; 2) a unique domain that is likely involved in protein-protein interactions; 3) an SH3 domain that binds to proline-rich sequences; 4) an SH2 domain that binds phosphotyrosine residues; 5) the catalytic kinase domain; and 6) the negative regulatory region at the C-terminus which includes Tyr530 (originally identified in chicken c-Src as Tyr527). Tyr530 is phosphorylated by C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), resulting in an intramolecular interaction between this phosphotyrosine and the SH2 domain of Src, thus rendering the kinase catalytically inactive. Displacement of phosphorylated Tyr530 by binding of another tyrosine phosphorylated protein, dephosphorylation, or mutation/deletion of Tyr530 (as in v-Src) changes the conformation of c-Src, resulting in catalytic activation. The Src family of kinases plays an integral role in growth factor-induced proliferation as well as the initiation and progression of many human cancers, and differentiation (1, 3, 4). This chapter will review the current knowledge regarding interactions between c-Src (and family members) and the STAT proteins, including the association with and phosphorylation of STATs by Src family kinases (SFKs), the role of SFKs in the activation of STATs by growth factors, and finally, biological effects of SFKs that require STAT activation.
Suppression of Cellular Senescence in Glioblastoma: Role of Src Homology Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2

Resisting cellular senescence and becoming immortal is a pre-requisite step in the tumorigenic transformation of a cell. In this chapter we describe a novel mechanism by which inhibition of a key phosphatase can induce cellular senescence in the aggressive brain tumor, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). We also provide an overview of recently published data suggesting additional mechanisms of senescence observed in this tumor type. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling is frequently altered during glioblastoma pathogenesis. An important downstream modulator of this signal cascade is Src Homology domain-containing Phosphatase 2 (SHP2/PTPN11). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data demonstrates SHP2 to be mutated in 2% of the GBM’s studied. Both mutations identified are likely to be activating mutations. We found that the four subgroups of GBM as defined by TCGA differed significantly with regard to expression level of specific phosphatases by comparative marker analysis. Surprisingly, the four subgroups can be defined solely on the basis of phosphatase expression by principle component analysis. This result suggests that critical phosphatases are responsible for modulation of specific molecular pathways within each subgroup. SHP2 constitutes one of the 12 phosphatases that define the classical subgroup. We confirmed the biological significance of this phosphatase by siRNA knockdown. The loss of cell viability induced by SHP2 silencing could not be explained by a significant increase in apoptosis alone, as demonstrated by TUNEL and propidium iodide staining. SHP2 silencing, however, did induce an increase in β-galactosidase staining and significant morphological changes. Propidium iodide staining also showed SHP2 silencing to reduce the population of cells in G2/M and S-phase. Since G1 arrest is also a marker of cellular senescence these data suggest that the inhibitory effect of SHP2 silencing is largely due to increased senescence rather than necrosis or apoptosis. Our data suggests that SHP2 may in part promote the growth of glioblastoma cells by suppression of cellular senescence, a phenomenon not previously described. Since it is becoming clear that both accelerated senescence and conventional growth arrest are likely to represent alternative options to apoptosis in GBM cells, it is feasible that as more selective inhibitors of SHP2 become commercially available they should be considered as a therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.
Angioplasticity and cerebrovascular remodeling.

Up until recently, the prevailing view was that the structure of the mammalian brain was set during development and remained unchanged thereafter. Fifty years ago there were discussions and arguments on the existence of synaptic plasticity in brain and spinal cord that eventually established that at least the neurons could undergo continued structural rearrangements. Now it appears that there is much more plasticity in the CNS than previously conceived, extending to the vascular tree down to the level of the capillaries. With the introduction of the concept of the neurovascular unit it became clear that neurons, glia, and endothelial cells are capable of active reorganization throughout adult life. This plasticity has significant implications for brain function and pathophysiology. Apparently, capillary density is coupled to oxygen sufficiency. Consistently increased neuronal activity, for example during motor training exercises, leads to increased capillary density. Chronic hypoxic exposure, such as occurs, for example, during sojourns at altitude also lead to increased capillary density. Important components of the capillary plasticity regulation mechanism are the HIF-1 and HIF-2 transcription factors that regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) acting through prostaglandin E and angiopoietin-2 (ang-2). With age, the HIF-1 signaling pathway becomes attenuated due to increased prolyl hydoxylase activity probably as a result of increased reactive oxygen species, which changes the set point for tissue oxygen detection. Thus, plasticity becomes increasingly impaired with aging making learning more difficult and increasing the brain vulnerability to cerebrovascular challenges. The increased cerebrovascular vulnerability with age suggests a potential strategy for treating cerebrovascular diseases like stroke and dementia. The strategy involves agents that restore or augment HIF-1 function. Augmentation of HIF-1 may be the prime mechanism for preconditioning and neuroprotection. One such strategy is through a ketogenic diet that leads to HIF-1 accumulation due to inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase. Discovery of angioplasticity has opened up new areas for research that elucidates brain function, provides new explanations for the neuropathology following cerebrovascular injury and dementia, and suggests potential new therapeutic approaches to prevent or resolve these insults.
The doctrine of informed consent: a tale of two cultures and two legal traditions.

In this article, the author compares and contrasts the notion of informed consent in medical decision making in the Western legal system with the traditional Jewish biblical legal system. Walter critically examines the philosophical underpinnings of disease and medical healing in both legal systems, and describes the practical consequences that emanate from the different ideologies in terms of the individual's rights of choice of treatment. She explains that the Western system is predicated on notions of individual autonomy and self determination. Patients therefore have the autonomous ability to select and direct their own medical therapy. By contrast, the traditional biblical system of law is based on the concept that the body does not belong to the individual. Instead, the body is given to man by God as a trust to respect and preserve. Therefore, the individual patients "has no absolute right to control his body and ... he has no real decision making power as to medical treatment choices." In the Jewish biblical tradition, consent is not necessary for obviously beneficial or obviously non-beneficial procedures; consent is only necessary in decisions with uncertain outcomes or when making choices between equal options. Patients are encouraged to seek the counsel of religious authorities and to conform to rabbinical interpretations of the traditional Jewish law.
One, Two, Three Spells U b e r t y

It is a fair bet that while C. S. Peirce specialists have all at least thumbed through Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes chronicles, the mass of Holmes aficionados have never even heard of Peirce. A key question addressed, explicitly or implicitly, is whether any juxtapositions of the American polymath with the great English detective—the former a person real enough, and the possessor, moreover, as William James registered in 1895, of “a name of mysterious greatness,” the latter a mythical figure, to be sure, yet one who, as Leslie Fiedler has noted, “can never die” —are likely to vent esperable uberty? Esperable liberty? Etymological intuition assures us that esperable, a coinage—perhaps by Peirce himself, yet not to be found in any modern dictionary—must mean “expected” or “hoped for.” Uberty, a vocable that has all but vanished from modern English, was first attested, from 1412, in an obscure work by the “Monk of Bury,” John Lydgate’s Two Merchants; it appears to be equivalent to “rich growth, fruitfulness, fertility; copiousness, abundance,” or, roughly, what Italians used to call uberta.
Statistical Systems: Education

This article reviews the history, development, and status of United States federal agencies that provide statistical data, funding, or oversight of education statistics. These agencies include: the National Center for Education Statistics, the Census Bureau, The Office of Civil Rights, The National Science Foundation, and National Academy of Sciences. International education statistics produced by Unesco, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the IEA are also reviewed. Education statistics are produced about school enrollment and educational attainment, or certification, of students in elementary, secondary, higher education, and adult education. In recent years greater emphasis has been placed on student achievement measures of learning as well as school finance, and curriculum, teaching, and instruction. Recent trends in providing statistical data electronically are reviewed.
Comparison of Fencers and Nonfencers by Psychomotor, Space Perception and Anthropometric Measures

Abstract Twenty-five fencers and an equal number of nonfencers were compared as to eight psychomotor measures and six anthropometric measures. A statistical analysis of the data revealed speed of arm movement to be the only discriminatory item. Further analysis demonstrated that there is no correlation between arm span and speed of arm movement, arm span and reaction time, or speed of arm movement and reaction time.
An Eye for an Eye: Neural Correlates of the Preference for Punishment-Based Justice

Justice is a fundamental part of organized social behavior; punishing social violations and compensating for unfair losses are rationally consistent with, and even required by, social contract. Yet whether human justice behaviors are rational is still an open question. In many cases, retributive
Isolated myxoid degeneration of aortic valve: diagnostic dilemma.

Myxoid degeneration of the aortic valve as a cause of acute aortic valve regurgitation in young age is uncommon. We report a 39-year-old African-American man with a history of epilepsy and hypertension who presented with a 1-month history of worsening shortness of breath. He was diagnosed with acute pulmonary oedema. Transoesophageal echocardiogram showed normal ejection fraction but severe aortic valve insufficiency with small masses on the ventricular side of the right and non-coronary cusps, small vegetations cannot be ruled out but other valves were normal. Subsequent cultures were negative for endocarditis. Myocardial positron emission tomography (PET) scan was strongly suggestive of cardiac sarcoidosis. However, this diagnosis was ruled out as well when he underwent aortic valve replacement with bioprosthetic valve as he did not want to take long-term anticoagulation. Histological examination of the aortic valve showed myxoid degeneration. The patient was doing very well 1 year after the surgery.
Simple Schemes in the Bounded Storage Model

The bounded storage model promises unconditional security proofs against computationally unbounded adversaries, so long as the adversary’s space is bounded. In this work, we develop simple new constructions of two-party key agreement, bit commitment, and oblivious transfer in this model. In addition to simplicity, our constructions have several advantages over prior work, including an improved number of rounds and enhanced correctness. Our schemes are based on Raz’s lower bound for learning parities.
Is higher resilience predictive of lower stress and better mental health among corporate executives

Objective To assess the impact of resilience, the ability to withstand and bounce back from adversity, on measures of well-being, self-reported stress, and mental health diagnoses. Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey of participants seen at an executive health practice at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, from January 2012 through September 2016. Participants completed an anonymous survey that included demographic information and 3 validated survey instruments—the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the 12-item Linear Analogue Self-Assessment Scale (LASA), and the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Self-reported history of mental health diagnoses was also collected. CD-RISC scores were used to stratify participants into lower (<30), medium (30–34), or higher (≥35) resilience categories. Participants’ LASA scores, PSS scores, and self-reported mental health diagnoses were compared among resilience categories. Results Of the 2,027 eligible participants, 1,954 met the study inclusion criteria as currently employed corporate-sponsored executive or business professionals (self-designated) who completed the CD-RISC survey. Most participants (62.5%) were aged 40 to 59 years. The majority were male (78.3%), white (95.3%), educated (86.2%), and in a committed relationship (89.7%). Among participants, 41.7% reported higher resilience, 34.3% had medium resilience, and 24.0% had lower resilience. The quality of life and overall LASA scores were positively associated with higher resilience (P < .001). PSS scores and self-reported mental health diagnoses were negatively associated with higher resilience (P < .001). These associations remained significant after adjusting for patient characteristics. Conclusions In this cross-sectional survey of a large cohort of corporative executives, the lower-resilience cohort had a 4-fold higher prevalence of depression and an almost 3-fold higher prevalence of anxiety compared with the higher-resilience cohort. High resilience was positively associated with well-being and negatively associated with perceived stress. Our findings suggest that higher resilience in the executive workplace environment is associated with better mental health, reduced stress, and greater well-being.
Vocational Rehabilitation: History and Practice.

Like many domains within vocational psychology, vocational rehabilitation is a dynamic enterprise, constantly evolving in response to contemporary issues, the changing demographics of the work force, and to alterations in health and public policy. Although psychologists have been involved in vocational rehabilitation for almost a century, the area is ultimately multidisciplinary and professional psychology does not claim any unique dominion over any aspect of vocational rehabilitation. Other professions that borrow heavily from the psychological literature have been identified with the area for decades (e.g., rehabilitation counseling and vocational evaluation). Yet the dynamic and evolving nature of vocational rehabilitation and the relevance of psychological principles to the enterprise ensure a recurrent and influential role for many psychological specialties.
Left Ventricular Strain and Strain Rate during Submaximal Semisupine Bicycle Exercise Stress Echocardiography in Healthy Adolescents and Young Adults: Systematic Protocol and Reference Values

Objective Combining stress echocardiography with strain analysis is a promising approach for early detection of subclinical cardiac dysfunction not apparent at rest. Data on normal myocardial strain and strain rate (SR) response to exercise in adolescents and young adults are contradictory and limited. The aim of this study was to propose a standardized protocol for semisupine bicycle stress echocardiography and to provide corresponding reference values of left ventricular (LV) two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE) strain and SR in adolescents and young adults. Methods Fifty healthy adolescents and young adults (mean age, 17.8 ± 3.2 years, 44% female) were prospectively assessed. Images were acquired at rest, low stress, submaximal stress, and during recovery. Optimal image quality for offline strain analysis was pursued, and image quality was rated. Global longitudinal strain and SR from apical four-/two-/three-chamber views and short-axis circumferential strain and SR were analyzed using vendor-independent software. Interobserver variability was assessed. Results Strain and SR increased during progressive exercise stress. Mean LV global longitudinal strain was −20.4% ± 1.3%, SR −1.1 ± 0.15/sec at rest (heart rate, 79.4 ± 12.0 beats/minute), increasing to −22.6% ± 1.6% and −1.5 ± 0.16/sec at low stress level (heart rate, 117.1 ± 8.7 beats/minute) and −23.7% ± 1.1% and −1.9 ± 0.29/sec at submaximal stress level (heart rate, 154.2 ± 7.0 beats/minute), respectively, returning to −20.6% ± 1.4% and −1.2 ± 0.16/sec postexercise (heart rate, 90.1 ± 9.4 beats/minute). Restriction on submaximal stress level ensured adequate image quality for 2D STE strain analysis. Interobserver variability for strain was acceptable even during submaximal stress. Conclusions This study provides a systematic, standardized protocol and corresponding reference data for 2D LV STE-derived strain and SR during semisupine bicycle exercise testing in adolescents and young adults. According to our results, global longitudinal strain and SR appear to be the most comprehensible parameters for cross-sectional studies.
Dynamic Structure Models for Scalar Flux and Dissipation in Large Eddy Simulation

A new class of subgrid scale models (dynamic structure models) for large eddy simulation is proposed for subgrid scalar flux and dissipation terms. The structure of the modeled terms is taken from the corresponding Leonard terms by the use of the test filter size equal to the base filter size, and a particular form of the scaling factor is proposed. The models are evaluated using available direct numerical simulation data. The evaluation results compare well with viscosity and similarity models. The dynamic structure models have been found to be robust and to work well under various conditions, including various test-to-base filter size ratios and filter skewnesses. Models for both terms employ the subgrid scalar variance as a part of the scaling factor
Abstract 4871: The roles of E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase UBE4B and its targets p53 and Ku70 in neuroblastoma cell death and differentiation

Children with high-risk neuroblastoma have poor survival rates and need novel treatment strategies. UBE4B is an E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase whose gene is found in the chromosome 1p36 region commonly deleted in high-risk neuroblastoma tumors and whose expression is associated with neuroblastoma patient outcomes. However, the functional roles of UBE4B in neuroblastoma pathogenesis are not known. We hypothesized that UBE4B would interact with mediators of DNA damage and repair pathways, leading to the observed associations between UBE4B and patient outcomes. Using cell lines with stable UBE4B depletion and over-expression, we evaluated the interaction of UBE4B with the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH/AIP4 and the effects of UBE4B expression levels on p53 and Ku70 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blots. We also evaluated the role of UBE4B in neuroblastoma differentiation, cell death, and responses to chemotherapy and HDAC inhibition using continuous live cell imaging and Western blots. We determined that UBE4B directly interacts with ITCH/AIP4 in the last WW domain of ITCH and we also determined that Ku70 directly interacts with ITCH in the three first WW domain of ITCH. We also determined that UBE4B depletion leads to reduced polyubiquitination and degradation of both p53 and Ku70 in neuroblastoma cells. UBE4B depletion also led to reduced apoptosis induced by both HDAC inhibition with vorinostat and chemotherapy treatment with carboplatin and doxorubicin via stabilizaton of the ITCH target protein c-FLIPL leading inhibition of caspase 8 activation. Our results have identified novel interactions and novel targets for UBE4B ubiquitin ligase activity and a direct role of the UBE4B-ITCH complex in HDAC inhibitor and DNA-damage induced cell death, and suggest that the association of UBE4B expression with neuroblastoma patient outcomes may be mediated by effects on responses of patient tumors to chemotherapy. Citation Format: Christophe Le Clorennec, Jacqueline Lesperance, Yuchen Huo, Peter E. Zage. The roles of E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase UBE4B and its targets p53 and Ku70 in neuroblastoma cell death and differentiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4871.
Just Noticeable Differences for Joint Torque Feedback During Static Poses

Joint torque feedback is a new and promising means of kinesthetic feedback for providing information to a person or guiding them during a motion task. However, little work has been done in determining the psychophysical parameters of how well humans can detect external torques. In this study, we determine the human perceptual ability to detect kinesthetic feedback at the elbow during all possible combinations of preload torques and test stimulus torques, with the elbow in a static posture. To accomplish this, we constructed an exoskeleton for the elbow providing joint torque feedback. The device is designed to convey 0.54 Nm of stall torque for up to 120 seconds via a semi-rigid sleeve structure. Using this device, we assessed perception capability using the Interweaving Staircase Method. We found that users could detect average torques of 0.14-0.18 Nm in the extension or flexion directions with no preload. When a preload of 1.27 Nm was applied, this increased to 0.25-0.27 Nm for when flexion stimuli were applied, and 0.180.3 Nm when extension stimuli were applied, depending on the preload direction.
An Examination of a Campaign Hashtag (#OptOutside) with Google Trends and Twitter

Brands ubiquitously use hashtags in their online and offline marketing communications. The use of hashtags can bring attention to brands and facilitate an online conversation around a brand-related...
Combined treatment of intraoperative cell-salvage and tranexamic acid for primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty: Are there added benefits?

Abstract Background Blood management strategies in total hip arthroplasty (THA) are essential in reducing intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion and associated complications. This study investigates whether using intraoperative cell-salvage (ICS) with tranexamic acid (TXA) has additional effects on blood loss and allogeneic transfusion in primary THA. Additionally, we evaluated the financial impact of using ICS on our institution. Methods Using an institutional database, 1171 cases of primary unilateral THA performed between May 2015 and January 2016 were identified. Subjects were separated into those who received only TXA (n = 323) and those who received TXA and ICS (n = 848). Calculated blood loss and post-operative blood transfusions were assessed using logistic regression. Drop in hematocrit was assessed using linear regression. Multivariable models adjusted for intraoperative blood transfusions, pre-operative autologous blood donation, anticoagulation medications, sex, and body mass index. Pricing data was used to calculate the costs associated with these interventions. Results The likelihood of post-operative allogeneic blood transfusion was similar for the combined group relative to the TXA group (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.26, 1.54), as was the likelihood of any post-operative blood transfusion (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.63, 2.01). There was no correlative relationship between use of ICS and hematocrit drop when accounting for baseline hematocrit (R2 = 0.118). Factoring in rental, service fees, and disposable equipment, the utilization of ICS added $146 to each case, resulting in a gross expenditure of over $123,000 during the study period. Conclusions The combination of ICS with TXA for primary unilateral THA did not improve blood loss or transfusion outcomes compared to TXA alone. As there was no observed clinical benefit to combined treatment, additional costs associated with routine usage of ICS may not be justifiable. Our institution would have reduced expenditures for blood loss management products by 85% during the study period if all patients had only received TXA.
Five-year outcomes from a prospective comparative effectiveness study evaluating external-beam radiotherapy with or without low-dose-rate brachytherapy boost for localized prostate cancer

BACKGROUND To inform patients who are in the process of selecting prostate cancer treatment, the authors compared disease-specific function after external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) alone versus EBRT plus a low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy boost (EBRT-LDR). METHODS For this prospective study, men who had localized prostate cancer in 2011 and 2012 were enrolled. Assessments at baseline, 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 years included the patient-reported Expanded Prostate Index Composite, the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey, and treatment-related regret. Regression models were adjusted for baseline function and for patient and treatment characteristics. The minimum clinically important difference in scores on the Expanded Prostate Index Composite 26-item instrument was from 5 to 7 for urinary irritation and from 4 to 6 for bowel function. RESULTS Six-hundred ninety-five men met inclusion criteria and received either EBRT (n = 583) or EBRT-LDR (n = 112). Patients in the EBRT-LDR group were younger (median age, 66 years [interquartile range [IQR], 60-71 years] vs 69 years [IQR, 64-74 years]; P < .001), were less likely to receive pelvic radiotherapy (10% vs 18%; P = .040), and had higher baseline 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey physical function scores (median score, 95 [IQR, 86-100] vs 90 [IQR, 70-100]; P < .001). Over a 3-year period, compared with EBRT, EBRT-LDR was associated with worse urinary irritative scores (adjusted mean difference at 3 years, -5.4; 95% CI, -9.3, -1.6) and bowel function scores (-4.1; 95% CI, -7.6, -0.5). The differences were no longer clinically meaningful at 5 years (difference in urinary irritative scores: -4.5; 95% CI, -8.4, -0.5; difference in bowel function scores: -2.1; 95% CI, -5.7, -1.4). However, men who received EBRT-LDR were more likely to report moderate or big problems with urinary function bother (adjusted odds ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.5-8.2) and frequent urination (adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.6) through 5 years. There were no differences in survival or treatment-related regret between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Compared with EBRT alone, EBRT-LDR was associated with clinically meaningful worse urinary irritative and bowel function over 3 years after treatment and more urinary bother at 5 years. LAY SUMMARY In men with prostate cancer who received external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without a brachytherapy boost (EBRT-LDR), EBRT-LDR was associated with clinically worse urinary irritation and bowel function through 3 years but resolved after 5 years. Men who received EBRT-LDR continued to report moderate-to-big problems with urinary function bother and frequent urination through 5 years. There was no difference in treatment-related regret or survival between patients who received EBRT and those who received EBRT-LDR. These intermediate-term estimates of function may facilitate counseling for men who are selecting treatment.
Different randomized multiple-baseline models for different situations: A practical guide for single-case intervention researchers.

Abstract Single-case researchers often implement multiple-baseline designs as their preferred methodology for intervention evaluations. Recent writings and empirical investigations have argued in favor of incorporating various forms of randomization into such designs for the purpose of elevating the intervention study's internal validity and scientific credibility. In this article, we consider a variety of randomized multiple-baseline designs and associated randomization statistical tests, along with their potential strengths and limitations. In what amounts to a practical guide, we refer school psychology researchers to these versatile randomization procedures for planning and executing their intervention studies.
Organspende

Die Transplantation menschlicher Organe ist eine etablierte und meist die einzige lebensrettende Therapie fur Patienten im Endstadium eines Organversagens. Derzeit stellt der Mangel an Organen ein groses Problem dar. Die rechtliche Grundlage fur eine Transplantation bildet das Transplantationsgesetz (TPG), demzufolge jeder beatmete Patient mit diagnostiziertem Hirntod als potenzieller Organspender in Frage kommt. Im Rahmen des Hirntods kann es zu ausgepragten Herz-Kreislauf-Reaktionen, Storungen der Thermoregulation, des Wasser- und Elektrolythaushalts, des Endokriniums sowie des Gerinnungssystems kommen. Die organprotektive Therapie beim Spender sowie der Umgang mit dessen Angehorigen stellen besonders hohe Anforderungen an den Intensivmediziner und das Pflegepersonal.
Correction: DNA origami nano-mechanics

Correction for 'DNA origami nano-mechanics' by Jiahao Ji et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00250c.