cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
4.3 – Heterodiene Additions

In 1906, Wieland described the formation of 1:1 dimerization products of selected conjugated dienes under thermolysis conditions in the first report of a [4| + |2] cycloaddition reaction.1 Albrecht’s concurrent investigation of the reaction of cyclopentadiene with p-benzoquinone resulted in the observed formation of a 1:1 as well as a 2:1 diene:quinone adduct,2the structures of which were determined by Diels and Alder.3As a consequence of subsequent comprehensive studies,7,9Diels and Alder defined the fundamental structural,3,4regiochemical (ortho/para effect),5and stereochemical (endo addition, cis principle)5,6,9 features of this reaction that now bears their names.7–9 In the intervening time, the Diels–Alder reaction has been the continued subject of extensive preparative,10–45 mechanistic,44–49 and theoretical studies50–54 that have led to the detailed understanding of the factors governing the rate, regioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity of the pericyclic [4| + |2] cycloaddition reaction. Perhaps more than any single reaction in organic chemistry, the Diels–Alder reaction has served to demand mechanistic studies and the-oretical models of sufficient accuracy to accommodate the experimental observations; the widespread use of the Diels–Alder reaction in organic synthesis has continued to demonstrate the elegance and efficiency with which it may be employed in the stereocontrolled preparation of substituted six-membered carbocyclic and heterocyclic systems.
Effects of Mental health education on mental health of middle school students

Objective To explore the effects of psychological health education on mental health status of middle school students. Methods All middle school students were randomly divided into 2 groups by cluster sampling, a interventional group and a control group. 28 students in the intervention group received group psychological consultation for two months, 30 students in the control group received no therapies.Changes of active respond and negative response subscales(ARNRS), communication anxiety scale (IAS),accommodate others scale(AOS), self-rating depression scale(SDS)were compared before and after the intervention in both groups. Results After group counseling, ARNRS, IAS, AOS, SDS in the interventional group was significantly changed compared with both pre-counseling and the control group, with P<0.05～0.0001 and P<0.05～0.0001, respectively. Conclusion Community mental health education can enhance middle-school student's psychological health level. Key words: Psychological health education; Psychological counseling; Mental health
Image Radar Determining the Nominal Body Contour for Characterization of Concealed Person-Worn Explosives

Accurate characterization of suspicious body-worn objects may speed up the passenger screening process by reducing the number of manual screenings, while also maintaining the ability to detect more complex threats. This improves passenger experience in the screening process while preserving strong security. This paper presents an innovative real-time method for millimeter wave nearfield radar reconstructing the nominal contours of the human bodies without affixed foreign objects. This important step is required for characterizing unique aspects of concealed objects when they are affixed to the body. The method is verified experimentally when applied to the actual images of a recently developed laboratory prototype millimeter-wave scanning system. We show that the method works well both when there is a weak dielectric object affixed to a human body and when a portion of the body cross-section is not captured by the imaging system. The reconstructed contour can be used to estimate the dielectric constant of the suspicious body-worn objects.
Evaluation of Rectal Temperature and Calving Related Factors on the Incidence of Metritis in Postpartum Dairy Cows

Metritis is a serious condition in dairy cows since it affects production, fertility and can be life-threatening. A better understanding of calving-related factors that predispose cows to metritis would aid in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this condition. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate the association of calving status, parity and season on the incidence of postpartum metritis in lactating dairy cows; 2) examine the role of rectal temperature as a predictor of this condition; and 3) document the effect of metritis on subsequent reproductive performance.
Implementing survivorship care planning in two contrasting health systems: lessons learned from a randomized controlled trial.

Survivorship care plans (SCPs) are recommended to promote appropriate follow-up care, but implementation has been limited. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing three SCP delivery models in two health systems. We utilize mixed methods to compare the feasibility and participants’ perceived value of the three models. Patients completing treatment for stage I–III breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer from one urban-academic and one rural community cancer center were randomized to (1) mailed SCP, (2) SCP delivered during an in-person survivorship visit, or (3) SCP delivered during an in-person survivorship visit plus 6-month follow-up. Clinics had flexibility in intervention implementation. Quantitative data summarize intervention fidelity and protocol deviations. Qualitative interview data provide patients’ perspectives on feasibility and intervention value. Of 475 eligible participants approached, 378 (79%) were randomized. Of 345 SCPs delivered, 265 (76.8%) were by protocol. Protocol deviations were more common at the urban-academic center. In post-study qualitative interviews, participants recalled little about the SCP document or visit(s). SCPs were valued for information and care coordination, although their static nature was limiting, and sometimes SCP information differed from that provided elsewhere. Visits were opportunities for care and reassurance, but time and distance to the clinic were barriers. SCP provision was challenging. Patients were interested in SCP, but not necessarily additional survivorship visits, particularly at the urban-academic hospital. These findings suggest that patients value careful consideration of health care needs during the transition out of treatment; SCP documents are one element of this. For many patients, models without additional visits and dynamic SCPs may be preferred.
The Mechanism of H2O2 Production by the S2 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex

Hydrogen peroxide is known to be an efficient electron donor to the light reactions of photosystem II after the manganese has been removed from the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) (1). This reaction, which oxidizes H2O2 to O2, is mediated by aqueous Mn2+ and can therefore be inhibited by EDTA (2). The functional OEC can also catalyze the oxidation of H2O2 to O2 by the two electron reduction of the S1 or S2 states which were generated by flashes of light (3).
Holmium laser excision for urinary mesh erosion: a minimally invasive treatment with favorable long-term results

Mesh erosion into the urinary tract following surgery for stress urinary incontinence is a potentially serious complication. Traditional open resection is complicated and potentially morbid. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the long-term patient outcomes following transurethral endoscopic excision using the holmium laser (TEEH). A retrospective series of ten patients who had undergone TEEH at our institution between May 2011 and July 2014 were identified. Nine had a prior urethral sling placed, and one had suture erosion following a Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure. Outcomes assessed included resolution of symptoms, successful treatment of exposed mesh on repeat cystoscopy, and recurrence of stress urinary incontinence. Patients were followed up through office examination, cystoscopy and/or through written or telephone correspondence. The median age of the patients at the time of surgery was 58 years (IQR 54 – 66 years). The median time from anti-incontinence surgery to onset of symptoms was 12 months (IQR 1 – 72 months). Patients with mesh erosion most commonly presented with irritative voiding symptoms (60 %). The median follow-up was 27 months (IQR 14 – 32 months) with 80 % of patients reporting symptomatic improvement. Eight patients underwent follow-up cystoscopy with anatomic success (resolution of erosion on cystoscopy) after one procedure in five patients (63 %). The anatomic success rate was higher for bladder erosions than for urethral erosions (80 % vs. 33 %). Notably, three patients experienced recurrent stress urinary incontinence following TEEH, with one patient undergoing repeat anti-incontinence surgery. TEEH is a viable, minimally invasive option for management of urinary mesh erosions. Notably, there is a risk of recurrent stress urinary incontinence following laser mesh excision.
Discouraged applicants for consumer credit

Abstract Discouragement among potential applicants for consumer credit, controlling for income, net worth, past debt payment practices, and stability of lifestyle, is significantly greater among non-white households, households with female heads, and single females.
Electrical and electromagnetic techniques applied to an archaeological framework reconstructed in laboratory

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) are typical geophysical techniques applied into archaeological context thanks to their capability to study variations of physical attributes of buried objects in the soil causing electric and electromagnetic contrasts compared to the behaviour of the surrounding environment. Unfortunately sometimes these contrasts are difficult to define for several reasons including strong attenuation of signals introduced into the soil, limited depth and low resolution of investigation related to instrumentation characteristics. Great efforts are required to understand the complexity of the relationship between archaeological features and their geophysical response and give an effective interpretation of resulting data. For this reason an experimental activity has been performed at the Hydrogeosite laboratory focused on the assessment of the capability of geophysical techniques to detect archaeological remains placed in humid or saturated subsoil.
Identification of a second interferon-regulated murine Mx gene

Abstract The murine influenza virus resistance locus Mx consists of more than one interferon-responsive transcription unit. We isolated clones of the transcripts of a second Mx gene (Mx2) which is closely linked to the well-characterized resistance gene and determined their sequences. Mx2 mRNA is more than 90% identical to Mx1 mRNA in the region corresponding to the amino termini of the encoded proteins. Mx2 mRNAs of mouse strains BALB/c and CBA have open reading frames apparently interrupted by mutations. Interferon-treated cells from strain A2G and other influenza virus-resistant strains failed to express detectable amounts of Mx2 transcripts.
Interactions of Selected Rootstocks with Ectoparasitic Nematodes

The reaction of grape rootstocks on the population growth of three ectoparasitic nematodes was studied in microplots. After 18 months in sandy loam soil, most grape cultivars had grown larger in the presence of Xiphinema americanum than where it was absent. In the presence of Xiphinema index, only Freedom rootstock displayed a significant growth increase, but no grape cultivars received significant damage by its presence. In the presence of Mesocriconema xenoplax, only Schwarzmann rootstock grew significantly larger and most rootstocks were significantly damaged by its presence in sandy soil. Longer exposure periods are necessary for the measurement of tolerance to Xiphinema spp. VR 039-16, Schwarzmann, and Freedom rootstocks were rated as resistant against X. index on the basis of reproduction and vine growth. All other rootstocks were found susceptible to all three nematodes. Resistance to X. index was relatively easy to assess, whereas resistance to X. americanum and M. xenoplax was less clear, perhaps a result of our relatively high nematode inoculation levels.
Length-Based Assessment of Coral Reef Fish Populations in the Main and Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

The coral reef fish community of Hawaii is composed of hundreds of species, supports a multimillion dollar fishing and tourism industry, and is of great cultural importance to the local population. However, a major stock assessment of Hawaiian coral reef fish populations has not yet been conducted. Here we used the robust indicator variable “average length in the exploited phase of the population (L¯)”, estimated from size composition data from commercial fisheries trip reports and fishery-independent diver surveys, to evaluate exploitation rates for 19 Hawaiian reef fishes. By and large, the average lengths obtained from diver surveys agreed well with those from commercial data. We used the estimated exploitation rates coupled with life history parameters synthesized from the literature to parameterize a numerical population model and generate stock sustainability metrics such as spawning potential ratios (SPR). We found good agreement between predicted average lengths in an unfished population (from our population model) and those observed from diver surveys in the largely unexploited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Of 19 exploited reef fish species assessed in the main Hawaiian Islands, 9 had SPRs close to or below the 30% overfishing threshold. In general, longer-lived species such as surgeonfishes, the redlip parrotfish (Scarus rubroviolaceus), and the gray snapper (Aprion virescens) had the lowest SPRs, while short-lived species such as goatfishes and jacks, as well as two invasive species (Lutjanus kasmira and Cephalopholis argus), had SPRs above the 30% threshold.
Myocardial infarction in a patient with Factor XI deficiency and a lupus anticoagulant

A 64-year-old man with both Factor XI deficiency and a lupus anticoagulant who suffered two myocardial infarctions within a 3-month period is described. Although thromboembolic disorders, including myocardial infarction, have been associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome, myocardial infarction in patients with Factor XI deficiency is rare. The potential role of Factor XIa in fibrinolysis is discussed.
NITZSCHIA BICAPITATA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) AND RELATED TAXA FROM OCEANIC AGGREGATIONS

Based upon net collections of various mesh sizes (20–235 μm) from the open ocean, small (mostly 6–31 μm), abundant, bicapitate Nitzschia species have been found to aggregate on substrates. As many investigators have noted from water samples, they are also present as single cells in the plankton, thus filling two different ecological niches at different times. Their reported presence in sediment trap materials indicate that they can be a major food source for some grazers. They have been assumed to belong to a single species, Nitzschia bicapitata Cleve, but several distinctive morphological taxa have been recognized from study in electron microscopes from these and other collections. Samples from the water mass close to the austral type location have been used to emend Cleve's description of N. bicapitata. It is differentiated from a boreal taxon, which is described here as a new variety, N. bicapitata var. faeroensis, from a collection in 1899 close to another of Cleve's collection sites made three years ...
Immediate vein graft thrombectomy for acute occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting

A 76-year-old man underwent coronary bypass grafting 3 days after exposure to heparin. Immediately after chest closure, he developed acute graft thrombosis and cardiac arrest in the setting of thrombocytopenia. Immediate graft thrombectomies were performed. Postoperative tests for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT) were positive. This case represents a dramatic example of HITT after coronary revascularization.
THE AGING NOSE

Rhinoplasty is one of the most challenging procedures performed in plastic surgery. Its complexity, to a great deal, stems from the perplexing dynamics that govern rhinoplasty. Numerous factors come into play when the frame and soft tissue of the nose are altered. 2,3 Aging introduces new variables to rhinoplasty, elevating the challenge of this procedure to a new level (Table 1). Mere correction of the aging effects on the nose can restore roughly 5 years to the aging face, independent of any other procedures that are performed. Therefore, correction of the aging nose becomes an integral part of facial rejuvenation and restoration of the harmony that once implied a youthful appearance. Some facial disharmonies become less noticeable as the patient matures. For instance, in the long face deformity the maxilla becomes shorter and the upper lip becomes longer because of aging, thereby improving a preexisting excess show of tooth and gum. This is, however, an exception to the rule. Most pleasing faces do lose their harmony and become less attractive with age, and the nose is a major culprit in this course (Fig. 1).
In vitro assay for a humoral substance present during volume expansion and uraemia.

A NEW concept of regulation of sodium excretion by the mammalian kidney has evolved since the work of DeWardener et al.1,2. During extracellular fluid volume expansion, a factor or factors other than changes in glomerular nitration rate and mineralocorticoid hormone activity influence sodium diuresis. The same factor(s) appear to contribute to the natriuresis per nephron initiated by nephron reduction and observed in advancing renal disease3. In both extracellular fluid volume expansion and nephron reduction there is evidence4,5 that a humoral substance inhibits sodium reabsorption in single proximal tubules of rats. At least a part of the natriuretic activity may be humorally mediated4 and Rector et al.5,6 have termed the active agent the “natriuretic hormone”. The agent has also been called the “third factor” (glomerular filtration rate representing the first factor and mineralocorticoid hormone activity the second factor).
Gene Therapeutic Approaches to Induction and Maintenance of Tolerance

Tolerance induction would be an ideal way to treat autoimmune diseases, especially if achievable in primed individuals. Moreover, specific tolerance would preclude the need for immunosuppressive treatment with its side effects. In this review, we will revisit the historical concepts of tolerance, and introduce a novel approach to tolerance via gene therapy. Our model system is based on the tolerogenicity of IgG carriers and B-cell antigen presentation. Results with this model demonstrate that it is simple and effective even in primed recipients, and has proven efficacy in three autoimmune models. We discuss the mechanisms of tolerance with fusion IgG's and analyze how our model of gene therapy approached can be utilized to fit in the future treatment of autoimmune conditions.
Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure on Steelhead Survival in Air‐Supersaturated Water

Abstract Juvenile steelheads (Salmo gairdneri) were placed in cages and suspended at various depths in water supersaturated with air at levels from 120 to 140% of normal atmospheric gas pressure. Survival times of fish held at 10, 50, and 100 cm depth increased with increasing depth at a given level of supersaturation. When the hydrostatic pressure (7.4 mm Hg per 10 cm of water depth) was subtracted from the excess gas pressure (relative to surface barometric pressure), mortality curves (times to 50% mortality versus excess gas pressure) for fish at all three depths essentially coincided. The significant measure of supersaturation appears to be the pressure of dissolved gases in excess of the sum of barometric and hydrostatic pressures. Steelheads held near the surface in supersaturated water for a near-lethal period and then lowered to a depth providing total hydrostatic compensation appeared to recover completely in about 2 hours. The longer fish remained at depth, the longer their survival time when th...
Resistivity measurements of carbon–polymer composites in chemical sensors: impact of carbon concentration and geometry

Abstract Chemiresistor sensors comprised of conductive polymer composites have shown great potential in identifying gaseous analytes. The performance of these sensors depends on a number of parameters, including the geometry and concentration of the conductive component dispersed in the polymer. In this study, 64 chemiresistors representing eight different carbon concentrations (8–60 vol.% carbon) were constructed by depositing thin films of a carbon black–polyisobutylene composite onto concentric spiral platinum electrodes on a silicon chip. The impact of carbon concentration and geometry on the measured resistance and derived resistivity of the polymer composite was determined. The thickness and surface topography of each sensor was measured with a mechanical profilometer, and the resistance of each sensor was measured in dry air at room temperature. Finite element modeling was used to correlate the thickness and measured electrical resistance with the intrinsic resistivity of the polymer–carbon composite. The derived resistivity data fit the general effective media (GEM) model adequately, and the fitted parameters predicted values for percolation threshold and carbon resistivity that were consistent with published literature. Further finite element modeling showed that resistivity was a strong function of composite composition and thickness, but was relatively insensitive to the surface roughness of the composite on the sensor. The correlations developed herein can be used in reverse to calculate the thickness of the composite polymer film deposited on the solid substrate from a measurement of resistance in dry air.
Photoelastic Tensor of Silicon and the Volume Dependence of the Average Gap

The first accurate measurements of the algebraic values of the photoelastic tensor of silicon are reported. The values, determined acousto-optically, are ${p}_{1111}=\ensuremath{-}0.094$, ${p}_{1122}=+0.017$, and ${p}_{1212}=\ensuremath{-}0.051$. The results are in strong disagreement with calculations based on the Phillips-Van Vechten theory of ionicity. It is shown that the widely used assumption of a universal power law describing both the intermaterial and intramaterial variations of the homopolar average energy gap with volume must be reinterpreted or revised.
Missing Pieces in the NF-κB Puzzle

The regulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB activity occurs at several levels including controlled cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling and modulation of its transcriptional activity. A critical component in NF-kappaB regulation is the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex. This review is focused on recent progress as well as unanswered questions regarding the regulation and function of NF-kappaB and IKK.
Fusion of biometric algorithms in the recognition problem

This note concerns the mathematical aspects of fusion for several biometric algorithms in the recognition or identification problem. It is assumed that a biometric signature is presented to a system which compares it with a database of signatures of known individuals (gallery). On the basis of this comparison, an algorithm produces the similarity scores of this probe to the signatures in the gallery, which are then ranked according to their similarity scores of the probe. The suggested procedures define several versions of aggregated rankings. An example from the Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program with four recognition algorithms is considered.
Ultra-low power parametric frequency conversion in a silicon microring resonator

We demonstrate parametric wavelength conversion via four-wave mixing using ultra-low peak pump powers of a few milliwatts in a micrometer-scale silicon device. The response time of our device is 100 ps allowing for implementation in high-bandwidth optical communications. At these ultra-low power levels and microscale sizes, it should be possible to realize hundreds of these devices operating simultaneously on a single chip.
Generalized quadrangles as amalgamations of projective planes

Abstract Certain Generalized Quadrangles are viewed as amalgamations of compatible finite projective planes with the hope that this point of view may lead to the construction of new quadrangles—a point of view which is exploited in determining the full collineation group of a special type of generalized quadrangle.
Morphology and Morphometry of Human Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Fuzzy Logic

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on regions rostral to the injury site in four human subjects with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and equivalent regions in four neurologically intact subjects. Apparent diffusion coefficients were measured and compared between subjects. A fuzzy logic tissue classification algorithm was used to segment gray and white matter regions for morphometric analysis, including comparisons of cross-sectional areas of gray and white matter along with frontal and sagittal diameters. Results indicated a general decrease in both longitudinal and transverse diffusivity in the upper cervical segments of subjects with chronic SCI. Further, a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the entire spinal cord was observed in subjects with SCI, consistent with severe atrophy of the spinal cord. These observations have implications in tracking the progression of SCI from the acute to the chronic stages. We conclude that DTI with fuzzy logic tissue classification has potential for monitoring morphological changes in the spinal cord in people with SCI.
Effects of plate convergence obliquity on timing and mechanisms of exhumation of a mid-crustal terrain, the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex

Abstract Apatite fission-track (FT) ages from the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC), a microcontinent within the Turkish segment of the Alpine–Himalayan orogen, vary dramatically from north to south. This variation correlates with differences in the obliquity of convergence of the continental fragment relative to the Pontide belt (for the northern CACC) and the Tauride belt (for the southern CACC). The northern CACC was deformed and metamorphosed during Late Cretaceous orogen-normal collision and was exhumed from the mid-crust to shallow crustal levels ( 50 Ma to the present. In contrast, the southern CACC (Nigde Massif) was initially deformed and metamorphosed during Late Cretaceous contraction, but subsequently developed as a metamorphic core complex in a wrench-dominated regime and was exhumed to
Computing for HEP experiments: 1987–1997

Abstract Computers and data communications networks are essential elements of high energy physics research. The sharp rise in computing needs for the current generation of large collider experiments is just starting at the CERN and FERMILAB p p colliders, and it is certain to continue at TRISTAN, SLC, LEP, HERA and the SSC. The diversity and sophistication of HEP's computing facilities and networks must also increase if the potential for new physics discoveries by future experiments is to be realized. This paper reviews present and future trends in the HEP physicist's computing and networking “environment”. New computer architectures, personal workstations, and storage media will have a vital role to play in the offline data analysis for large experiments over the next ten years.
One-Week Module on Stochastic Groundwater Modeling

This article describes a one-week introduction to stochastic groundwater modeling, intended for the end of a first course on groundwater hydrology, or the beginning of a second course on stochastic...
Entropy and density of states from isoenergetic nonequilibrium processes

Two identities in statistical mechanics involving entropy differences (or ratios of densities of states) at constant energy are derived. The first provides a nontrivial extension of the Jarzynski equality to the microcanonical ensemble [C. Jarzynski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)], which can be seen as a "fast-switching" version of the adiabatic switching method for computing entropies [M. Watanabe and W. P. Reinhardt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3301 (1990)]. The second is a thermodynamic integration formula analogous to a well-known expression for free energies, and follows after taking the quasistatic limit of the first. Both identities can be conveniently used in conjunction with a scaling relation (herein derived) that allows one to extrapolate measurements taken at a single energy to a wide range of energy values. Practical aspects of these identities in the context of numerical simulations are discussed.
Radiation Protection Quantities for Near Earth Environments

As humans travel beyond the protection of the Earth's magnetic field and mission durations grow, risk due to radiation exposure will increase and may become the limiting factor for such missions. Here, the dosimetric quantities recommended by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) for the evaluation of health risk due to radiation exposure, effective dose and gray-equivalent to eyes, skin, and blood forming organs (BFO), are calculated for several near Earth environments. These radiation protection quantities are evaluated behind two different shielding materials, aluminum and polyethylene. Since exposure limits for missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) have not yet been defined, results are compared to limits recommended by the NCRP for LEO operations.
SIMPLEST CHAOTIC CIRCUIT

A chaotic attractor has been observed with an autonomous circuit that uses only two energy-storage elements: a linear passive inductor and a linear passive capacitor. The other element is a nonlinear active memristor. Hence, the circuit has only three circuit elements in series. We discuss this circuit topology, show several attractors and illustrate local activity via the memristor's DC vM - iM characteristic.
Chemical Dissection of an Essential Redox Switch in Yeast

Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide in its environment via a redox relay system comprising the thiol peroxidase Gpx3 and transcription factor Yap1. In this signaling pathway, a central unresolved question is whether cysteine sulfenic acid modification of Gpx3 is required for Yap1 activation in cells. Here we report that cell-permeable chemical probes, which are selective for sulfenic acid, inhibit peroxide-dependent nuclear accumulation of Yap1, trap the Gpx3 sulfenic acid intermediate, and block formation of the Yap1-Gpx3 intermolecular disulfide directly in cells. In addition, we present electrostatic calculations that show cysteine oxidation is accompanied by significant changes in charge distribution, which might facilitate essential conformational rearrangements in Gpx3 during catalysis and intermolecular disulfide formation with Yap1.
Studying activity patterns in CSCW

We study small distributed work groups capturing, managing, and reusing knowledge in a collaborative activity. We conceive this process as adaptation of a group to an activity and we study it in a realistic semi-controlled setting. We briefly describe our approach, method, preliminary results, and research trajectory.
Explicit algorithms for the nonlinear dynamics of shells

Abstract A finite element formulation and algorithm for the nonlinear analysis of the large deflection, materially nonlinear response of impulsively loaded shells is presented. A unique feature of this algorithm is the use of a bilinear four-node quadrilateral element with single-point quadrature and a simple hourglass control which is orthogonal to rigid body modes on an element level and does not compromise the consistency of the equations. The geometric nonlinearities are treated by using a corotational description wherein a coordinate system that rotates with the material is embedded at the integration point; thus the algorithm is directly applicable to anisotropic materials without any corrections for frame invariance of material property tensors. This algorithm can treat about 200 element-time-steps per CPU second on a CYBER 170/730 computer in the explicit time integration mode. Numerous results are presented for both elastic and elastic-plastic problems with large strains that show that the method in most cases is comparable in accuracy with an earlier version of this algorithm employing a cubic triangular plate-shell element, but substantially faster.
Medical anatomy segmentation kit: combining 2D and 3D segmentation methods to enhance functionality

Image segmentation, in particular, defining normal anatomic structures and diseased or malformed tissue from tomographic images, is common in medical applications. Defining tumors or arterio-venous malformation from computed tomography or magnetic resonance images are typical examples. This paper describes a program, Medical Anatomy Segmentation Kit (MASK), whose design acknowledges that no single segmentation technique has proven to be successful or optimal for all object definition tasks associated with medical images. A practical solution is offered through a suite of complementary user-guided segmentation techniques and extensive manual editing functions to reach the final object definition goal. Manual editing can also be used to define objects which are abstract or otherwise not well represented in the image data and so require direct human definition - e.g., a radiotherapy target volume which requires human knowledge and judgement regarding image interpretation and tumor spread characteristics. Results are either in the form of 2D boundaries or regions of labeled pixels or voxels. MASK currently uses thresholding and edge detection to form contours, and 2D or 3D scale-sensitive fill and region algebra to form regions. In addition to these proven techniques, MASK's architecture anticipates clinically practical automatic 2D and 3D segmentation methods of the future.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
One- and two-photon Compton scattering in strong magnetic fields

Calculations are made of the Compton scattering cross section in a very strong magnetic field, such as encountered in pulsars, for arbitrary photon and electron energies. The effect of the vacuum polarization in the weak-field limit is included as well as the plasma polarizability. Radiative transitions between any pair of Landau levels are included as well as two-photon scattering. The latter process, due to the presence of the cyclotron resonance, becomes comparable to nonresonant one-photon scattering when excited final states are allowed, and acts as a source of photons which is more important than bremsstrahlung at low plasma densities.
Optimal location of measurements in tubular reactors

Abstract The optimal location of temperature measurements along the length of a non-adiabatic tubular reactor in which a first-order exothermic reaction is occu
Snap transitions in adhesion

Equilibrium adhesion states are analyzed for nonlinear spherical caps adhered to a rigid substrate under the influence of adhesive tractions that depend on the local separation between the shell and substrate. Transitions between bistable snapped-in and snapped-out configurations are predicted as a function of four nondimensional parameters representing the adhesive energy, the undeformed shell curvature, the range of the adhesive interactions, and the magnitude of an externally applied load. Nonuniform energy and traction fields associated with free-edge boundary conditions are calculated to better understand localized phenomena such as the diffusion of impurities into a bonded interface and the diffusion of receptors in the cell membrane. The linear Griffith approximations commonly used in the literature are shown to be limited to shells with a small height to thickness ratio and short-range adhesive interactions. External loading is found to alter the adhered configurations and the spatial distributions of both adhesive and elastic energies. An important implication of the latter analysis is the theoretical prediction of the pull-off force, which is shown to depend not only on the interface properties, but also on the geometric and material parameters of the shell and on both the magnitude and type of external loading.
Regression of myocardial hypertrophy. I. Experimental model, changes in heart weight, nucleic acids and collagen.

Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced by placing a constricting silver band around the ascending aorta in rats. These bands were then removed either 10 days (early debanding) or 28 days (late debanding) after banding. After early debanding the left ventricular mass decreased rapidly from 35% to 11% above the control values (P < 0.001) 3 days post-debanding. Left ventricular weights of the debanded and control groups were not statistically different 7 to 28 days after debanding except at 10 days. The left ventricular RNA of the debanded animals fell from 37% to 19% above the control group 3 days after surgery (P < 0.05), and remained at control levels for the rest of the study period. The left ventricular DNA of the debanded group, however, remained elevated; i.e., 32% above control levels (P < 0.001), 10 days post-debanding, and 12% at 28 days (P = n.s.). Left ventricular hydroxyproline levels of the debanded group at these times were 90% (P < 0.001) and 80% (P < 0.025), respectively, above those of controls. In the late debanding study, both left ventricular mass and RNA fell less than in the early study. The left ventricular mass remained significantly elevated, i.e., 12% above that of controls (P < 0.025), 21 days post-debanding, and left ventricular RNA was 34% above control values (P < 0.01) at 14 days. Both decreased to control values thereafter. Left ventricular DNA and hydroxyproline content did not decline, remaining 25% (P < 0.02) and 118% (P < 0.001), respectively, above the control values 28 days post debanding. The data show that while left ventricular mass and RNA content decrease after relief of a pressure overload, left ventricular DNA and hydroxyproline content does not.
The electron microscopy of chemosensory hairs.

Die chemorezeptorischen Haare am Labellum vonPhormia regina wurden im Totalpraparat mit dem Elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Die Anzahl der Molekule, die an der schwellenwertigen Stimulationsreaktion teilnehmen, wurde abgeschatzt. Es zeigte sich, dass die Empfindlichkeit des olfaktorischen Rezeptors bei weitem die Grossenordnung des Zuckerrezeptors ubertrifft.
Flow Table Logic

Microminiature systems have been proposed which will use packing densities on the order of 106 active elements per cubic foot. The interconnecting of these elements has been of great concern to the authors. With these packing densities in mind, the authors have suggested that a complete new theory of machine organization be found. One such method is suggested, whereby rather large sequential circuits are implemented directly from their flow table representations. This method does require more active elements, but the interconnection problem is greatly reduced.
Time Spectral Method for Periodic Unsteady Computations over Two- and Three- Dimensional Bodies

The Time Spectral Algorithm is proposed for the fast and ecient computation of timeperiodic turbulent Navier-Stokes calculations past two- and three-dimensional bodies. The eciency of the approach derives from these attributes: 1)time discretization based on a Fourier representation in time to take advantage of its periodic nature, 2)multigrid to drive a fully implicit time stepping scheme. The accuracy and eciency of this technique is verified by Euler and Navier-Stokes calculations for a pitching airfoil and a pitching wing. Results verify the small number of time intervals per pitching cycle required to capture the flow physics. Spectral convergence is demonstrated for pitching motion characterised by many frequencies.
Swelling and mechanical properties of pH‐sensitive hydrogel filled with polystyrene nanoparticles

We investigated the effect of organic filler and the degree of crosslinking on the performance of a hydrogel/filler system to control its diffusion and mechanical properties. A series of poly(acrylic acid) gels filled with polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles at well-controlled filler loading levels was synthesized by free radical polymerization in the presence of a crosslinking agent. Three different concentrations of the crosslinking agent (methylene bis-acrylamide), that is, 5 mg/(g of AAc), 10 mg/(g of AAc), and 20 mg/(g of AAc), were used. The hydrogel crosslinked to the least extent that included a high amount of PS showed fast swelling rates, high equilibrium swelling ratios, and the highest pH sensitivity. Three gel/filler combinations including the gel without filler, gel/filler mixture, and gel/filler copolymerization were considered. The PS particles of ∼40 nm in diameter, which were used as the fillers, were prepared by microemulsion polymerization. Copolymerization of styrene and AAc having different reactivities ratios was achieved by a seed-microemulsion polymerization with the crosslinking agent. The gel/filler mixture showed the highest swelling rate and the gel/filler copolymer resulted in highly enforced mechanical properties and the highest pH sensitivity. The incorporation of filler by copolymerization to mechanically enforce the equilibrium swelling hydrogel was more efficient than the increase of crosslinking degree. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3574–3587, 2013
Impact of cross-cultural training on black and white mental health professionals☆

Abstract In a 3-year period, 174 mental health professionals received intensive 8-day cross-cultural/interracial communication workshops involving didactic, transactional, experiential, and cultural immersion techniques. Comprehensive evaluation strategies investigated changes in social distance, attitudes, and values comprehension, as well as improvement in therapeutic performance. Comparison of 68 white and 54 black clinical practitioners indicated significant differences in impact, with the former more oriented toward cognitive and attitudinal change, and the latter toward insight into personal identity and role conflict. Among white trainees, increased values comprehension, increased agreement with preferential treatment for minorities, and decreased social distance to tri-ethnic (black, Hispanic, white) stimulus figures at three socioeconomic status (SES) levels, were associated with improved therapeutic skills with a poor black client. Among black trainees, self-distancing responses to social, attitudinal, and values items which implied both acknowledgment and rejection of “black professional” identity, were associated with highly significant improvement in therapeutic performance with a poor black client. In addition to demonstrated efficacy in building knowledge and skill, cross-cultural training appears to be a consciousness-raising process for minority professionals conflicted about culture-abandonment and irrelevancies in clinical training.
Estimation of Optimal Blank Holder Force Trajectories in Segmented Binders Using an ARMA Model

Sheet metal forming is one of the most important and frequently used manufacturing processes in industry today. One of the key parameters affecting the forming process is the blank holder force (BHF). In the past, researchers have demonstrated the advantages of varying the blank holder force during the forming process, that is, the two primary modes of failure in sheet metal forming (wrinkling and tearing) are avoided. This gives rise to improved formability, higher accuracy and better part consistency. In recent years, researchers have also shown increasing interest in forming processes where the blank holder force is varied spatially with the help of segmented binders or flexible binders. In this paper, we have combined the above two aspects and used a robust method to deter, mine the blank holder force trajectories for a non-circular part using segmented binders. The proposed strategy is verified by implementing it into a finite element simulation. Binder force is treated as a system input. The displacement of the binder is used as a measure of the tendency to wrinkle, and is therefore treated as a system output. The parameters of the system are continuously identified and updated using a deterministic Auto-Regressive Moving-Average model (ARMA). The model is then used to control the binder displacement to a prescribed value by adjusting the system input, i.e., the binder force. In this manner, individual binder force profiles for each of the segmented binders are obtained. Due to the generic nature of the ARMA model, the strategy proposed in this paper can be applied to a variety of forming problems, making it a robust approach.
A computer-aided protocol design by production systems approach

A computer-aided protocol design system based on the OPS5 production system approach is proposed. Communication rules (state transitions) are specified as triples of object-attribute-value and the modeling of state transitions is specified by production rules. An incremental validation algorithm to facilitate protocol design is also presented. Based on a globally shared dataspace (working memory) in which different types and levels of information are all represented in a uniform structure, the OPS5 production system integrates both rule-based and procedure-based computations. Using this characteristic, the machine-dependent part can be abstractly specified through external procedure calls, the details of which can be coded in a procedure language until the implementation phase. Since computations in OPS5 are based on pattern matching, all of the attributes of elements that are in production rules or in external procedure calls can act as data templates for generic data types. This capability enhances the generic specification that allows different realizations for various implementation environments. >
Neuroendocrine adenoma of the middle ear.

Middle ear adenoma is a recently described pathologic entity, first reported by Derlacki and Barney1 in 1976. Since that time, these tumors have been established as the most common “non-glomus tumors” of the middle ear, but they are still extremely rare occurrences.2 We add the description of a new case to the literature and note the changing categorization of these tumors.
Cytokine-mediated expansion does not deplete cord blood cells with stem cell characteristics

Cord blood (CB) has been successfully used to regenerate the hematopoietic system after myeloablative therapy. We investigated whether cytokine mediated expansion depletes CB of cells with stem cell characteristics. CB mononuclear cells (MNC) were enriched for quiescent (primitive) stem cells by incubation with 25 μg/ml 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and control CB MNC were incubated with media alone. Cells were then incubated for 7 days with Interleukin-1 (IL1)+IL3+ Stem Cell Factor (SCF) and progenitor content, cell cycle status, nucleated cell count, immunophenotype and resistance to 25 μg/ml 5-FU (primitive stem cells) were evaluated before and after cytokine exposure. Incubation with IL1+IL3+SCF caused an increase (fold expansion) in committed (28.6 ± 8.1), immature (5.8 ± 1.8), and primitive progenitors (4.1 ± 0.8) among control CB MNC compared to a decrease in committed progenitors (0 ± 0) but an increase in both immature (8.4 ± 4.8) and primitive progenitors (7 ± 2.9) among 5-FU resistant CB MNC. An increase in the proportion of CD34+ cells occurred in both fractions. Expanded control CB MNC showed a significant increase in numbers of 5-FU resistant committed (p = 0.024), immature (p = 0.014) and primitive progenitors (p = 0.01) as compared with fresh CB MNC. Re-exposure of 5-FU resistant expanded CB MNC to 5-FU shows growth of some immature and primitive progenitors. Cytokine-mediated expansion of untreated and quiescent CB cells is possible and cytokine-mediated expansion does not deplete CB cells with stem cell characteristics.