cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexual Health as Part of Gynecologic Cancer Care: What Do Patients Want?

Objective Sexual health is important to quality of life; however, the sexual health of gynecologic cancer patients is infrequently and inadequately addressed. We sought to understand patient experiences and preferences for sexual health care to help inform strategies for improvement. Methods/Materials An anonymous, cross-sectional survey of outpatient gynecologic cancer patients at a large academic medical center was performed as part of a larger study examining patient and caregiver needs. The survey explored patient-provider discussions about sexuality across 3 domains (experiences, preferences, barriers) and 4 phases of cancer care (diagnosis, treatment, treatment completion, follow-up). Age, relationship status, sexual activity, and cancer type were recorded. Results Mean age was 63 years. Most patients had ovarian cancer (38%) or endometrial cancer (32%). Thirty-seven percent received treatment within the last month, 55% were in a relationship, and 35% were sexuality active. Thirty-four percent reported sexuality as somewhat or very important, whereas 27% felt that it was somewhat or very important to discuss. Importance of sexuality was associated with age, relationship status, and sexual activity but not cancer type. Fifty-seven percent reported never discussing sexuality. Age was associated with sexuality discussions, whereas relationship status, sexual activity, and cancer type were not. The most common barrier to discussion was patient discomfort. Follow-up was identified as the best time for discussion. Sexuality was most often discussed with a physician or advanced practice provider and usually brought up by the provider. Conclusions Demographic predictors of importance of sexuality to the patient are age, relationship status, and sexual activity. Providers primarily use age as a proxy for importance of sexuality; however, relationship status and sexual activity may represent additional ways to screen for patients interested in discussing sexual health. Patient discomfort with discussing sexuality is the primary barrier to sexual health discussions, and awareness of this is key to developing effective approaches to providing sexual health care.
An Itchy Lead: First Reported Case of Ventricular Pacemaker Lead Self-Extraction.

We present a particularly rare case and the first ever report of a ventricular self-extraction in a 98-year old female. Our patient had a past medical history significant for severe Alzheimer’s dementia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and sick sinus syndrome who was admitted in clinically stable condition following the unwitnessed self-extraction the ventricular lead of her dual chamber pacemaker. This case highlights the potential risks and other clinical challenges of pacemaker and ICD placement in elderly patients and in patients with cognitive impairment.
Research Methodologies in Science Education: Qualitative Data.

Tony, a geology graduate student, is going to be observing students in an introductory classroom in an attempt to determine how the course is affecting student learning. He is interested in determi...
Stochastic Multigroup Epidemic Models: Duration and Final Size

The epidemic duration, the final epidemic size, and the probability of an outbreak are studied in stochastic multigroup epidemic models. Two models are considered, where the transmission rate for each group either depends on the infectious individuals or on the susceptible individuals, referred to as Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. Such models are applicable to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Applying a multitype branching process approximation, it is shown for Model 1 that an outbreak is dependent primarily on group reproduction numbers, whereas for Model 2, this dependence is due to group recovery rates. The probability distributions for epidemic duration and for final size are a mixture of two distributions, that depend on whether an outbreak occurs. Given there is an outbreak, it is shown that the mean final size of the stochastic multigroup model agrees well with the final size obtained from the underlying deterministic model. These methods can be extended to more general stochastic multigroup models and to other stochastic epidemic models with multiple stages, patches, hosts, or pathogens.
Control Strategy for Postharvest Microbiological Safety of Animal Products During Processing, Marketing, and Quality Measures

Abstract The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is the public health agency responsible for protecting the public's health by ensuring the safety of the nation's commercial supply of meat, poultry, and processed egg products. The agency concentrates its efforts on pathogens with a major contribution to foodborne illness and adverse effects to the public health. Sofos (2008) identifies the bacterial pathogens of concern, meaning those that need to be controlled in fresh meat and poultry products, for example, Salmonella , Campylobacter , Escherichia coli including serotype O157:H7, and several other enteric pathogens.
Effects of Adolescent Cannabis Use on Motivation and Depression: A Systematic Review.

This article reviews recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies to elucidate whether adolescent cannabis use is related to reduced motivation and increased risk of depression. Recent work suggests that heavy adolescent cannabis use predicts poorer educational outcomes, often presumed to reflect reduced academic motivation, as well as increased levels of depressive symptoms. However, evidence of a link between cannabis use and general motivation was lacking. Factors such as concurrent alcohol and tobacco use, trajectories of cannabis use during adolescence, and cannabis-related changes in underlying neurocircuitry may impact associations among cannabis use, motivation, and depression. Heavy adolescent cannabis use is associated with poorer educational outcomes and increased levels of depressive symptoms. The role of depression in how cannabis may affect motivation, broadly, is not yet clear, as most studies have not examined associations among all three constructs. Future work should explore possible overlap between cannabis effects on motivation and depression and clarify the temporality of these associations.
Use of Traditional and Folk Remedies and Traditional Therapeutic Strategies

Given the relatively short existence of scientifically bound and evidence-based medicine, traditional healing and folk remedies are ubiquitous across cultures. Even in highly developed societies, traditional healing strategies coexist with the avant-garde medical establishment and at times are even incorporated by the latter into a comprehensive treatment plan. Folk and traditional remedies have existed through time and have acquired different “magical” meanings and representations that vary across cultural settings. A special emphasis is placed on their value within mental illness and its somatic representations, since the western distinction between mind and body is not a general belief among most traditional societies. In fact, the unity of mind–body is somewhat being “rediscovered” in industrialized settings and an avenue for holistic complementary interventions is becoming ever more present. This chapter examines the nature of traditional and folk healing strategies, from the purveyors of such (healers, shamans, etc.) to the employed methods and the perceived social-cultural value.
Predictability of Midsummer Great Plains Low-Level Jet and Associated Precipitation

AbstractWarm-season precipitation in the U.S. “Corn Belt,” the Great Plains, and the Midwest greatly influences agricultural production and is subject to high interannual and intraseasonal variabil...
Pascal conductance series in ballistic one-dimensional LaAlO3/SrTiO3 channels.

One-dimensional electronic systems can support exotic collective phases because of the enhanced role of electron correlations. We describe the experimental observation of a series of quantized conductance steps within strongly interacting electron waveguides formed at the lanthanum aluminate–strontium titanate (LaAlO3/SrTiO3) interface. The waveguide conductance follows a characteristic sequence within Pascal’s triangle: (1, 3, 6, 10, 15, …) ⋅ e2/h, where e is the electron charge and h is the Planck constant. This behavior is consistent with the existence of a family of degenerate quantum liquids formed from bound states of n = 2, 3, 4, … electrons. Our experimental setup could provide a setting for solid-state analogs of a wide range of composite fermionic phases.
Providing Political Guidance? Agency Politicization and "As If" Policymaking

Government agencies routinely make policies that affect the lives of citizens. I explore agency policymaking via guidance: sub-regulatory policies that can be issued quickly and quietly. Although guidance is not legally binding on external parties, agencies often treat it as if it were. This "as if" nature invites political opportunism, wherein guidance is exploited when agencies are politicized through presidential appointments. I demonstrate this argument empirically using a new dataset that evaluates agency guidance production at 29 agencies over a 10-year period. The results show that agencies are more likely to rely on the "quick fix" offered by guidance when they are highly politicized, and that this effect is exacerbated among the most significant forms of guidance. However, certain institutions like increased proceduralization can temper the bias toward political guidance. While often overlooked, the results suggest that guidance is an important venue for political maneuvering.
The Maturation of a Proficient Neonatologist: From the Delivery Room to Independent Practice

* Abbreviations: ACGME — : Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education ELBW — : extremely low birth weight GME — : graduate medical education NPM — : neonatal-perinatal medicine VLBW — : very low birth weight A critical question for all pediatric fellowship training programs is whether the clinical experiences and education provided prepare trainees for “life after fellowship.” One essential potential exposure gap for fellows in neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) is in delivery room resuscitation of extremely preterm infants. These deliveries are rare (∼1% of all deliveries), and numbers vary considerably between training sites. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) program requirements for graduate medical education (GME) in NPM include the provision of patient care experiences that are necessary for fellows to acquire skill in delivery room stabilization and resuscitation of critically ill neonates.1 Graduated pediatric residents enter NPM fellowships with wide variation in previous neonatology exposure for both knowledge and procedures because of both decreased exposure and increased supervision. NPM fellowship program directors report perceived deficiencies in preparedness for incoming NPM fellows across multiple domains.2 This variation in preparedness leaves NPM program directors with a complicated problem to tackle: individualized educational training, some of which is at the mercy of available clinical experiences and luck of the draw. The ACGME educational milestones were developed to describe developmental progression through medical training and provide individualized feedback on progression toward competency. However, clear and consistent definitions of competency … Address correspondence to Eric Eichenwald, MD, Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Suite 2NW28, Philadelphia, PA 19118. E-mail: eichenwald{at}email.chop.edu
Welcoming Difference or Reinforcing the Status Quo? The Influence of Multicultural Television Viewing on Multicultural and Gender Attitudes in South Korea

Drawing on the nascent literature on multiculturalism in Korea, this study explores the influence of viewing South Korean multicultural television content on two attitudinal measures: support for m...
Impact of warm ischemia time on outcomes for kidneys donated after cardiac death Post-KAS.

Prolonged warm (WIT) and cold (CIT) ischemia times are often important considerations in the discard of DCD kidneys, but their impact on post-transplant outcomes in the post-KAS era is unclear. We examined the association of ischemia time on delayed graft function (DGF) and death-censored graft failure for DCD kidneys. The 2018 SRTR SAF was utilized to identify post-KAS DCD kidney transplants occurring from 2015 to 2018. Relative risk and Cox regression were used to calculate risk of delayed graft function and hazard of death-censored graft failure, respectively. We identified 4,680 kidneys from DCD donors transplanted from 2015 to 2018 with recorded WIT and CIT times. Median WIT was 21.0 minutes (IQR 14.0-28.0), and CIT was 18.5 hours (IQR 13.9-23.5). The overall incidence of DGF was 42.7%. In a univariable relative risk regression model, extended CIT (24-30 hours:RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.77; >30 hours:RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.22-1.77) and WIT (20-40 minutes:RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17) were associated with increased risk of DGF. When included in a multivariable model, neither prolonged CIT nor WIT were significantly associated with death-censored graft failure. Prolonged WIT and CIT are associated with increased DGF but not death-censored graft failure in recipients of DCD kidney transplants in the post-KAS era. Extended ischemia alone should not be used as a basis for discard or non-utilization of these organs.
A New Approach towards Embedded Logic in a Single Device

With the scaling limitations of traditional FETs, the new device and circuit concepts have emerged to continue miniaturization of ICs. Previously, we proposed a new circuit paradigm, called Crosstalk logic, where interference between adjacent wires was leveraged to compute logic. In this paper, we present a new approach towards realizing Crosstalk logic behavior in a single device. This approach revolves around the manipulation of device parameters and usage of independent gates in devices like planar double-gate FET to achieve desired Crosstalk logic. Our investigation with a 25nm gate length device validates the assumptions. In this brief, we show AND logic behavior in a single device, and correlate it with Crosstalk design principles. Such device design approaches could open up new possibilities in denser circuit design and ultimately benefit technology scaling.
Objective aerobic fitness level and neuropsychological functioning in healthy adolescents and emerging adults: Unique sex effects

Abstract Objective Research suggests positive relationships between aerobic fitness and cognition in older adults; however, limited research has adequately investigated the relationship between objectively measured aerobic fitness and broad cognitive functioning in healthy adolescents and young adults without psychiatric or physical health disorders. Further, studies to date have disproportionately examined males and failed to examine sex differences. Here we examine the relationship between aerobic fitness and neuropsychological functioning in physically healthy youth and whether sex moderates these findings. Design Sixty-four healthy emerging adults (16-25 years-old; 32 female) underwent measurement of objective aerobic fitness (VO2 max) and neuropsychological assessment. Exclusion criteria included: left-handedness, prenatal medical issues or alcohol/illicit drug exposure, Axis-I psychiatric disorders, major medical disorders including metabolic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, major neurologic disorders, LOS greater than 2 min, intellectual disability or learning disability, regular substance use (e.g., greater than bi-weekly use of cannabis) or positive drug toxicology testing. Method Multiple regressions examined VO2 max, sex, sex*VO2interaction in relation to neurocognition, controlling for objectively measured body fat percentage. Results Prior to including body fat percentage, higher VO2 max related to improved working memory (Letter-Number Sequencing; p = .03) and selective attention (CPT-II hit response time standard error; p = .03). Aerobic fitness significantly interacted with sex, as higher-fit males had better performance on two sustained attention tasks while females did not demonstrate this pattern (CPT-II variability standard error, p = .047; Ruff 2&7 Total Speed, p = .02). Body fat percentage was positively slower cognitive flexibility (D-KEFS color-word switching/inhibition, p = .046). Conclusions VO2 independently predicted better working memory and selective attention. Increased aerobic fitness level related to increased performance on sustained attention tasks in males but not females. Therefore, aerobic fitness may be positively related to better cognitive functioning in physically healthy adolescents and emerging adults without metabolic conditions. Further research into factors (e.g., intensity or type of activity) that may relate to beneficial outcomes by sex are needed.
Effect of commonly used EOR polymers on low concentration surfactant phase behaviors

Abstract High molecular weight polymers are required for the purpose of mobility and conformance control during surfactant chemical flooding. However, they are usually not incorporated in the process of phase behavior tests to screen surfactant formulations. Literature review shows some particular polymers have a boosting effect on surfactant solubilization efficiency. To gain more insight into this subject, we performed phase behavior tests in the presence of four commonly used EOR polymers for low concentration surfactant systems (0.3%). They were two partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) with different molecular weights, one xanthan gum, and one hydrophobically associating polymer (HAP). Their influence on the optimal salinity, solubilization ratio, quickness of phase equilibration, and middle phase rheological behavior was assessed. The results showed: (1) a decrease of surfactant solubilization efficiency and the optimal salinity was observed with HPAM polymers. This trend became more pronounced as increase of polymer concentration and molecular weight; (2) xanthan seemed to slightly increase the optimal salinity without significantly affecting middle phase volume; (3) both HPAM and xanthan did not delay or quicken the equilibration of various phases compared to the zero polymer case. The analysis of the oil/water solubilization ratios showed HPAM tended to drag water out of the middle phase, while the presence of xanthan increased the water solubilization in the middle phase; (4) the viscosity and rheology of the middle phase microemulsions were very similar for systems containing HPAM, xanthan, and zero polymer. This confirmed the partitioning of polymer molecules in the middle phase was negligible; (5) the association of HAP with surfactants thickened the surfactant-rich phase, which made the phase separation dramatically slow. These phenomena could be explained well by the nature of their molecular structures. For both water-soluble HPAM and xanthan gum, unlike the reported diblock copolymers, they lack the amphiphilic features, which prevents them from adsorbing in the surfactant film. Conversely, the introduction of hydrophobic group into the backbone renders associating polymers some surfactant-like attributes, enabling them to associate with surfactant molecules and affect the surfactant-rich phase behaviors.
Dynamic Address Validation Array (DAVA): A Moving Target Defense Protocol for CAN bus

This paper presents Dynamic Address Validation Array (DAVA), a novel moving target defense protocol for the Controller Area Network Bus (CAN bus). DAVA's primary goal is to mitigate the common CAN bus vulnerability of an unauthorized entity misappropriating components in the vehicle through sniffing and reusing ECU IDs for replaying messages. Using a dynamically allocated array stored in the ECU that is updated and validated frequently, DAVA limits an attacker's ability to reuse ECU IDs for replay attacks. The protocol strives to be minimally invasive and lightweight for application in CAN bus while still being secure. This paper discusses the DAVA protocol, a proof of concept implementation, and initial performance measurements. This paper explains how DAVA is able to provide a robust security framework for CAN bus without the need for a large amount of storage or CAN bus standard modification.
Sentiment analysis: Automatically detecting valence, emotions, and other affectual states from text

Abstract Recent advances in machine learning have led to computer systems that are humanlike in behavior. Sentiment analysis, the automatic determination of emotions in text, is allowing us to capitalize on substantial previously unattainable opportunities in commerce, public health, government policy, social sciences, and art. Further, analysis of emotions in text, from news to social media posts, is improving our understanding of not just how people convey emotions through language but also how emotions shape our behavior. This article presents a sweeping overview of sentiment analysis research that includes: the origins of the field, the rich landscape of tasks, challenges, a survey of the methods and resources used, and applications. We also discuss how, without careful fore-thought, sentiment analysis has the potential for harmful outcomes. We outline the latest lines of research in pursuit of fairness in sentiment analysis.
Harmonizing Regulatory Spheres to Overcome Challenges for Governance of Patient-Generated Health Data in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data

Patient-generated health data (PGHD), created and captured from patients via wearable devices and mobile apps, are proliferating outside of clinical settings. Examples include sleep tracking, fitness trackers, continuous glucose monitors, and RFID-enabled implants, with many additional biometric or health surveillance applications in development or envisioned. These data are included in growing stockpiles of personal health data being mined for insight via big data analytics and artificial intelligence/deep learning technologies. Governing these data resources to facilitate patient care and health research while preserving individual privacy and autonomy will be challenging, as PGHD are the least regulated domains of digitalized personal health data (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018). When patients themselves collect digitalized PGHD using “apps” provided by technology firms, these data fall outside of conventional health data regulation, such as HIPAA. Instead, PGHD are maintained primarily on the information technology infrastructure of vendors, and data are governed under the IT firm’s own privacy policies and within the firm’s intellectual property rights. Dominant narratives position these highly personal data as valuable resources to transform healthcare, stimulate innovation in medical research, and engage individuals in their health and healthcare. However, ensuring privacy, security, and equity of benefits from PGHD will be challenging. PGHD can be aggregated and, despite putative “deidentification,” be linked with other health, economic, and social data for predictive analytics. As large tech companies enter the healthcare sector (e.g., Google Health is partnering with Ascension Health to analyze the PHI of millions of people across 21 U.S. states), the lack of harmonization between regulatory regimes may render existing safeguards to preserve patient privacy and control over their PHI ineffective. While healthcare providers are bound to adhere to health privacy laws, Big Tech comes under more relaxed regulatory regimes that will facilitate monetizing PGHD. We explore three existing data protection regimes relevant to PGHD in the United States that are currently in tension with one another: federal and state health-sector laws, data use and reuse for research and innovation, and industry self-regulation by large tech companies We then identify three types of structures (organizational, regulatory, technological/algorithmic), which synergistically could help enact needed regulatory oversight while limiting the friction and economic costs of regulation. This analysis provides a starting point for further discussions and negotiations among stakeholders and regulators to do so.
Depressive Symptoms and Community Participation Among Individuals with Serious Mental Illnesses

Community participation is important to the well-being of people with serious mental illnesses. While theories suggest that depressive symptoms can negatively impact community participation, evidence from previous studies was inconclusive. This study analyzed the relationship between severity of depressive symptoms and various participation constructs including number of days of participation in various community activities, breadth of interests in participating in community activities, and satisfaction with the amount to which one participates. A national sample of individuals with serious mental illnesses (n = 296) was employed. Overall, those who were severely depressed had fewer total days of participation, reported fewer participation areas as important, were less likely to participate in those areas that were important to them, and were less likely to participate as much as they wanted to in areas that were important to them. This relationship generally remained even after controlling for demographics. Overall, the findings from this study suggest that greater attention should be paid to the relationship between depressive symptoms and community participation in this population, including explorations that examine how the promotion of participation may have an impact on depressive symptoms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The Customer-Focused Growth Project

This note guides students or Executive Education participants through an exercise to help identify growth opportunities for their business units. The Customer-Focused Growth Project consists of 10 steps that lead to a vetted growth strategy based on an analysis of the company, a customer (or customer segment), and competitors. Readers work through the first five steps to identify three potential growth ideas. They then follow the remaining five steps to develop one specific Big Idea for growth. This exercise is a condensed guide to the process described in Grow by Focusing on What Matters: Strategy in Three Circles, by Urbany and Davis. Excerpt UVA-M-0798 Rev. Jun. 11, 2014 THE CUSTOMER-FOCUSED GROWTH PROJECT Overview This document guides you through a customer-focused exercise to help you identify a growth opportunity for your business unit. The 3-Circle Project is adapted from the “3-Circle” framework developed by Professors Joel E. Urbany and James H. Davis of Notre Dame's Mendoza College of Business. The process works as well for professional or volunteer organizations as it does for for-profit B2C and B2B organizations. The Customer-Focused Growth Project framework consists of 10 steps that lead to a vetted growth strategy. In Part I of this exercise, Conversations with a Customer and a Colleague about Your Company and a Competitor, you will work through five steps that will help you identify three potential growth ideas. In Part II, Capability Analysis and Action Recommendations, you will work through the remaining steps to develop one specific Big Idea for growth. . . .
High-Dimensional Learning under ApproximateSparsity with Applications to Nonsmooth Estimation and Regularized Neural Networks.

High-dimensional statistical learning (HDSL) has wide applications in data analysis, operations research, and decision-making. Despite the availability of multiple theoretical frameworks, most existing HDSL schemes stipulate the following two conditions: (a) the sparsity, and (b) the restricted strong convexity (RSC). This paper generalizes both conditions via the use of the folded concave penalty (FCP). More specifically, we consider an M-estimation problem where (i) the (conventional) sparsity is relaxed into the approximate sparsity and (ii) the RSC is completely absent. We show that the FCP-based regularization leads to poly-logarithmic sample complexity; the training data size is only required to be poly-logarithmic in the problem dimensionality. This finding can facilitate the analysis of two important classes of models that are currently less understood: the high-dimensional nonsmooth learning and the (deep) neural networks (NN). For both problems, we show that the poly-logarithmic sample complexity can be maintained. In particular, our results indicate that the generalizability of NNs under over-parameterization can be theoretically ensured with the aid of regularization.
Cytology and cytophysiology of non-melanophore pigment cells.

Publisher Summary In addition to the presentation of positive information concerning non-melanophores, this chapter focuses on many of the ambiguities and misconceptions concerning these chromatophores. Many of these are concerned with the identification of chromatophores, whereas others, more serious in consequence, relate to errors in the elucidation of data on pigmentary substances. The chapter evaluates investigations that concerns yellow pigment cells (xanthophores), red pigment cells (erythrophores) , and reflecting pigment cells (iridophores). The major part of the discussion concerns amphibians and teleost fishes, but occasional references are made to other cold-blooded vertebrates. Non-melanin-containing chromatophores are dealt with from the standpoints of ontogeny, chemical composition, ultrastructure, and controlling mechanisms. Special attention is devoted to certain aspects of the metabolism of pigments contained in xanthophores, erythrophores, and iridophores. The most reliable diagnostic feature of a chromatophore is its color or general pigmentary appearance. Thus, a yellow pigmmt cell should be called a xanthophore and red pigment cell should be called an erythrophore. In this way, one need not determine whether the pigments are carotenoid, pteridine, flavin, or any mixture of these. With respect to iridophores, it no longer seems feasible to use the term “guanophore,” for here too the character of pigment is variable. With respect to xanthophores and erythrophores, it is now known that pteridines are contained in bodies called pterinosomes, but nothing is known about how this structure is formed or how it is related to other organelles.
Application of the multilevel adaptive cross-approximation on ground plane designs

In this paper, the multilevel adaptive cross approximation (MLACA) technique is presented. This method reduces the numerical complexity of both memory requirement and matrix-vector multiplication of integral equation with asymptotically smooth kernels. The method does not require explicitly the knowledge of the integral kernel and therefore can be integrated into existing boundary integral equation (BIE) and/or MoM codes easily. This paper extends the ACA to oscillatory integral kernel and applies it to the ground plane designs. We have demonstrated through numerical examples that for moderate-sized problems (less than few hundred thousand unknowns) the multilevel ACA algorithm is still very effective and reliable for computer modeling of electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems.
Motivating Private Actions for the Public Good

An important question involves how to encourage citizens to act in ways that benefit the collective on a voluntary basis. We focus, in this paper, on the impact of information that highlights the personal costs and collective benefits of energy conservation, and messages that vary attributions of responsibility for dealing with the nation's energy problems (i.e., individuals, government), on individuals’ decisions regarding (1) capital investments in home energy efficiency and (2) personal energy use. We do so in the context of a large scale survey experiment. We find that when government is portrayed as the agent responsible for addressing the nation’s energy problems, people are less willing to act; however, when individuals are cast as responsible for collective outcomes it significantly increases willingness to engage in a collective action. Because frames that portray government as the agent responsible for dealing with the nation’s energy situation are relatively more prevalent in news coverage, our results highlight the challenges of inducing actions for the public good in this domain. We address the implications of our findings for campaigns that promote energy conservation.
Isolation of radial spoke heads from Chlamydomonas axonemes.

Publisher Summary There are three binding sites in the radial spoke heads of Chlamydomonas axonemes. They are bound to the central microtubule complex, paired by a thin fiber, and connected through a stalk to the A-tubule of the outer-doublet microtubules. The interactions occurring at these binding sites result in a modification of axonemal waveforms that is necessary for efficient swimming and displacement of the cell body. The radial spoke heads of Chlamydomonas are considered as a model system for studying organelle assembly. They can be partially purified as a protein complex and are composed of six distinct proteins. Five components of the radial spoke head complex are missing from flagella of distinct Chlamydomonas mutants. These mutants are paralyzed and have radial spoke components as defective gene products. Rescue of radial spoke heads in axonemes of dikaryons between a radial spoke mutant and a wild-type strain requires coassembly of radial spoke proteins from both strains. The procedure described in this chapter was developed for partially purifying radial spoke heads from Chlamydomonas axonemes. It should be applicable to the isolation of radial spoke heads from axonemes of other systems, assuming that in these systems radial spoke head components form a complex and can be separated from radial spoke stalks as in Chlamydomonas axonemes. The procedure for isolation of radial spoke heads from Chlamydomonas axonemes are based on the preferential solubilization of radial spoke heads. That solubilization occurs under conditions of low ionic strength. The axonemes are previously extracted with 0.5 M NaCl and 1 m M ATP-Mg to remove the outer and inner dynein arms. The final step of the procedure consists of a sedimentation of solubilized radial spoke heads in a sucrose gradient. This step does not separate the radial spoke heads from the tubulin subunits. Column chromatography would be necessary.
Dating and substance use in adolescent peer networks: a replication and extension

AIMS: The current report examined associations between romantic partner, peer, and individual substance use behaviors in a sample of American adolescents. DESIGN: The report used two waves of data (8(th) and 9(th) grade) from the PROSPER intervention project and focused on dating couples and their friends in 54 sampled school-cohorts. Hierarchical logistic regression models examined the associations between friend, partner, and friend-of-partner substance use and daters' future drinking and smoking. SETTING: Surveys administered in rural Pennsylvania and Iowa secondary schools. PARTICIPANTS: 744 dating couples. MEASUREMENTS: Student participants completed questionnaires that assessed substance use, background characteristics, and dating and friend nominations. Friend, partner, and friend-of-partner substance use were assessed at each wave directly from respective reports. FINDINGS: Consistent with a bridging hypothesis, friends-of-partner drinking had a strong and independent association with subsequent drunkenness (b=1.44, p.10). CONCLUSION: Romantic partner and peer behaviors have substantially different associations with adolescent drinking and smoking. Intervention efforts aimed at reducing teenage smoking should be aimed at proximal peer and romantic relationships, whereas interventions of teenage drinking should also include the wider circle of indirect friends. Language: en
Critical Event Tabu Search for Multidimensional Knapsack Problems

We report a new approach to creating a tabu search method whose underlying memory mechanisms are organized around “critical events.” A balance between intensification and diversification is accomplished by a strategic oscillation process that navigates both sides of the feasibility boundary, and serves to define the critical events. Surrogate constraint analysis is applied to derive choice rules for the method. Computational tests show the approach performs more effectively than previous heuristics for multidimensional knapsack problems, obtaining optimal solutions for all problems in a standard testbed.
Predischarge Bundle for Patients With Acute Exacerbations of COPD to Reduce Readmissions and ED Visits: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Hospital readmissions for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs) pose burdens to the health-care system and patients. A current gap in knowledge is whether a predischarge screening and educational tool administered to patients with COPD reduces readmissions and ED visits. METHODS A single-center, randomized trial of admitted patients with AECOPDs was conducted at Henry Ford Hospital between February 2010 and April 2013. One hundred seventy-two patients were randomized to either the control (standard care) or the bundle group in which patients received smoking cessation counseling, screening for gastroesophageal reflux disease and depression or anxiety, standardized inhaler education, and a 48-h postdischarge telephone call. The primary end point was the difference in the composite risk of hospitalizations or ED visits for AECOPD between the two groups in the 30 days following discharge. A secondary end point was 90-day readmission rate. RESULTS Of the 172 patients, 18 of 79 in the control group (22.78%) and 18 of 93 in the bundle group (19.35%) were readmitted within 30 days. The risk of ED visits or hospitalizations within 30 days was not different between the groups (risk difference, −3.43%; 95% CI, −15.68% to 8.82%; P = .58). Overall, the time to readmission in 30 and 90 days was similar between groups (log-rank test P = .71 and .88, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A predischarge bundle intervention in AECOPD is not sufficient to reduce the 30-day risk of hospitalizations or ED visits. More resources may be needed to generate a measurable effect on readmission rates. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov ; No.: NCT02135744; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov
Perforation and Intravesical Erosion of a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in a Child with an Augmentation Cystoplasty

Bladder augmentation has evolved into a common method of management in children with a low capacity and/or poorly compliant bladder secondary to a neuropathic condition. We report on a 4-year-old girl with myelodysplasia who presented with sepsis and who had a perforation of the augmented bladder, which was surgically repaired. She returned for evaluation 1 month after she was discharged from the hospital when the distal component of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt was noted to protrude per urethram after clean catheterization. Distal shunt replacement with prolonged bladder drainage successfully resolved this perforation of the augmented bladder. The patient has had no further difficulties. We discuss the diagnosis and management of this case with reference to the current literature regarding complications of augmentation cystoplasty.
Propionate induces cell swelling and K+ accumulation in shark rectal gland

Small organic anions have been reported to induce cell solute accumulation and swelling. To investigate the mechanism of swelling, we utilized preparations of rectal gland cells from Squalus acanthias incubated in medium containing propionate. Propionate causes cells to swell by diffusing across membranes in its nonionic form, acidifying cell contents, and activating the Na+-H+ antiporter. The Na+-H+ exchange process tends to correct intracellular pH (pHi), and thus it maintains a favorable gradient for propionic acid diffusion and allows propionate to accumulate. Activation of the Na+-H+ antiport also facilitates Na+ entry into the cell and Nai accumulation. At the same time Na+-K+-ATPase activity, unaffected by propionate, replaces Nai with Ki, whereas the K+ leak rate, decreased by propionate, allows Ki to accumulate. As judged by 86Rb+ efflux, the reduction in K+ leak was not due to propionate-induced cell acidification or reduction in Cli concentration. Despite inducing cell swelling, propionate did not disrupt cell structural elements and F actin distribution along cell membranes.
Dementia in Patients With Schizophrenia: Evidence for Heterogeneity

It hasbeenknown for some time that individualswith schizophrenia develop progressive dementia later in life at higher rates than the general population. Somehave argued that this association is a byproduct of the higher rates of chronic medical conditions or addiction in individuals with schizophrenia comparedwith the general population. Others postulate a biological association between schizophrenia and dementia. Ribe and colleagues1 add significantly to the literature on the subject in this issue of JAMA Psychiatry. Using nationwide registers in Denmark, these investigatorsstudied2.8millionpersonsaged50yearsorolder,ofwhom 20 683 had schizophrenia. After 18 years of follow-up, the estimated cumulative incidence of dementia by the age of 65 years was 1.8% in personswith schizophrenia vs 0.6% in personswithout schizophrenia. By the ageof 80years, theseproportionswere 7.4%and5.8%, respectively. The riskof dementia in individuals with schizophrenia was only slightly attenuated when adjusting for substance abuse disorder but wasunaffectedbyadjustment formedical comorbidities.These results suggest that people with schizophrenia are at higher risk for dementia, independent of addiction or medical comorbidities, with an earlier age at onset. Nationwide registers facilitate study during the 5-decade gap between the onset of schizophrenia and that of dementia. The size of the cohort and duration of follow-up enabled the studybyRibe et al1 to provide a solid link between schizophrenia and dementia. Critically, it shows that the development of dementia in individuals with schizophrenia is not inevitable. In fact,most individualswith schizophreniadonot develop dementia later in life.
Spectral measurements of nonlinear absorption in polymethine and squarylium dyes

We report measurements of these two dyes at wavelengths from 440 to 650 nm. The experimental light source is a singly resonant picosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) synchronously pumped by the third harmonic of a flash-lamp-pumped Nd:YAG laser. It is continuously tunable from 400 to 700 nm using two critically phase-matched BBO crystals mounted for walk-off compensation.
Ser95, Asn97, and Thr78 are important for the catalytic function of porcine NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.

The mammalian mitochondrial NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is a citric acid cycle enzyme and an important contributor to cellular defense against oxidative stress. The Mn2+-isocitrate complex of the porcine enzyme was recently crystallized; its structure indicates that Ser95, Asn97, and Thr78 are within hydrogen-bonding distance of the γ-carboxylate of enzyme-bound isocitrate. We used site-directed mutagenesis to replace each of these residues by Ala and Asp. The wild-type and mutant enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. All the enzymes retain their native dimeric structures and secondary structures as monitored by native gel electrophoresis and circular dichroism, respectively. Vmax of the three alanine mutants is decreased to 24%–38% that of wild-type enzyme, with further decreases in the aspartate mutants. For T78A and S95A mutants, the major changes are the 10- to 100-fold increase in the Km values for isocitrate and Mn2+. The results suggest that Thr78 and Ser95 function to strengthen the enzyme’s affinity for Mn2+-isocitrate by hydrogen bonding to the γ-carboxylate of isocitrate. For the Asn97 mutants, the Km values are much less affected. The major change in the N97A mutant is the increase in pKa of the ionizable metal-liganded hydroxyl of enzyme-bound isocitrate from 5.23 in wild type to 6.23 in the mutant enzyme. The hydrogen bond between Asn97 and the γ-carboxylate of isocitrate may position the substrate to promote a favorable lowering of the pK of the enzyme–isocitrate complex. Thus, Thr78, Ser95, and Asn97 perform important but distinguishable roles in catalysis by porcine NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase.
Human Resource Development Practices and Employee Engagement: Examining the Connection With Employee Turnover Intentions

The relationship between how an employee perceives support for participation in human resource development (HRD) practices, engagement, and turnover intent has been underrepresented in the literature. Using social exchange theory as a guiding framework, this research sought to better understand the possible linkages of HRD practices and employee engagement to turnover intentions. An Internet-based self-report survey battery utilizing a four-stage preparation method was used as the primary data collection tool. Research was conducted in the health care industry ( N = 207). Linear, simultaneous, and mediated regression analyses were used to examine the variables of interest. Results suggested that participation in HRD practices and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral engagement were negatively related to turnover intent. Mediated regression analyses indicated that engagement partially mediated the relation between HRD practices and turnover intent. The findings support the utility of supporting employee participation in HRD practices to improve employee engagement and reduce turnover intent.
The Genius Effect: Evidence for a Nonmotivational Interpretation

The genius effect refers to the tendency for people to exaggerate the ability of (a) a person who outperforms them and (b) a person whom they outperform. It has been argued by the researchers who first demonstrated this phenomenon that it is motivational in nature. In the present article we suggest that the genius effect is not an attempt on the part of individuals to protect or enhance their self-esteem, as proposed by Alicke, LoSchiavo, Zerbst, and Zhang (1997), but is instead due to the pervasive tendency of individuals to use the self as a standard of comparison in their dispassionate judgments of others. A pilot study and two experiments are reported that provide supportive evidence for this alternative, nonmotivational account.
Dual roles for DNA polymerase theta in alternative end-joining repair of double-strand breaks in Drosophila.

DNA double-strand breaks are repaired by multiple mechanisms that are roughly grouped into the categories of homology-directed repair and non-homologous end joining. End-joining repair can be further classified as either classical non-homologous end joining, which requires DNA ligase 4, or “alternative” end joining, which does not. Alternative end joining has been associated with genomic deletions and translocations, but its molecular mechanism(s) are largely uncharacterized. Here, we report that Drosophila melanogaster DNA polymerase theta (pol theta), encoded by the mus308 gene and previously implicated in DNA interstrand crosslink repair, plays a crucial role in DNA ligase 4-independent alternative end joining. In the absence of pol theta, end joining is impaired and residual repair often creates large deletions flanking the break site. Analysis of break repair junctions from flies with mus308 separation-of-function alleles suggests that pol theta promotes the use of long microhomologies during alternative end joining and increases the likelihood of complex insertion events. Our results establish pol theta as a key protein in alternative end joining in Drosophila and suggest a potential mechanistic link between alternative end joining and interstrand crosslink repair.
EMERGENCY CURRENCY AND THE 1914 BANKING CRISIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL DEREGULATION

Professor Richard Timberlake (1984) recently suggested that the Federal Reserve System (Fed) was made unnecessary by the clearinghouse loan certificate (CLOC). This paper presents evidence that the Fed was rendered unnecessary by Aldrich‐Vreeland Act Currency (AVAC).