cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Salicylic acid-derived poly(anhydride-esters) inhibit bone resorption and formation in vivo

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel polymer that biodegrades into salicylic acid (SA) on the healing of critical sized long bone defects. Microspheres of the homopolymer, or a copolymer containing 50% less of the SA, were packed into 5-mm mid-diaphyseal defects in rat femurs. Control animals received collagen sponge implants. After 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, bone healing was evaluated using microradiography and quantitative histomorphometry. Four weeks postsurgery, significantly less new bone was formed in both of the polymer groups (p < 0.038). Reduced bone loss was also noted with the polymers at this time, although it was not statistically significant. However, at 8 weeks postsurgery, a statistically significant reduction in bone loss was observed in both of the polymer groups compared with controls (p < 0.0072). Both polymers seemed to elicit identical tissue responses because there were no differences detected between the homopolymer and copolymer materials at either time point. These results indicate that locally released SA can significantly reduce both bone loss and bone formation in this animal model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 72A: 354–362, 2005
Synthesis of γ,δ-Unsaturated and δ,ε-Unsaturated α-Amino Acids from Fragmentation of γ- and δ-Lactones

A noncoded amino acid of cyclomarin A (1) was synthesized in a racemic fashion. The method employs a six-membered ring template to control the relative stereochemistry and introduction of the functional groups. Ultimately, Pd-catalyzed fragmentation of the lactone provided γ,δ-unsaturated and δ,e-unsaturated α-amino acids. A Pd-catalyzed ring opening of a γ-lactone is also reported.
Iodide hypersensitivity in the etiology of periarteritis nodosa.

Abstract Two patients with periarteritis nodosa are described. In both, iodide hypersensitivity was implicated as an etiological factor. Skin-sensitizing antibodies to potassium iodide were found in the serum of one patient. The significance of this finding is discussed. Possible mechanisms of iodide sensitivity are presented.
Repeat treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with a murine anti- intercellular adhesion molecule 1 monoclonal antibody

Objective. To assess the safety and efficacy of a second course of treatment with a murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1; CD54) in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. In an open-label study, 8 patients who had previously received a course of anti-ICAM-1 MAb received a second course. Results. The second course of therapy was associated with adverse effects suggestive of immune complex formation. Such adverse effects were not seen during the initial course of therapy. Clinical efficacy associated with the second course of therapy was less than that observed in the first course. Conclusion. Repeated courses of therapy with a murine MAb to ICAM-1 would probably not be a useful therapeutic strategy in patients with RA, probably because of its immunogenicity.
Effects of cannabis intoxication on primary suggestibility

Thirty-five subjects of known hypnotizability were tested for primary suggestibility in the waking state with and without marijuana intoxication. The drug caused an increase in suggestibility similar to that produced by the induction of hypnosis. The effect did not persist when subjects were retested one week later in their normal waking state.
Regression models for cohort mortality studies

Cohort studies evaluate suspect health hazards from occupational or environmental exposures by recording the facts and causes of deaths in the exposed group as they occur over an extended time period. This article reviews several methods for analyzing cohort mortality data and shows them to be special cases of a single procedure. The procedure represents death rates as the product of an age-specific baseline rate that applies in the absence of exposure, times a function of exposures. Maximum likelihood methods are used to estimate unknown regression parameters in the function of exposures. The loglikelihood kernel for the data is shown to be that of N independent Poisson variates, where N is the total number of person-units of mortality observation time in the study. The expected values of these variates depend on the exposures and regression parameters. The latter can be estimated using packaged software programs for Poisson regression on any microcomputer that supports ANSI Standard FORTRAN.
Reactivities of chars obtained as residues in selected coal conversion processes

Abstract Reactivities in 0.1 MPa of air of seven chars obtained as residues in selected coal conversion processes have been determined at temperatures below their processing conditions. Even though reactivities vary by some 200 times, activation energies for reaction, as determined from Arrhenius plots, are all close to 130 kJ/mole. Differences in reactivities are related to differences in parent coal rank and residence times and temperatures used upon the conversion of the coals to chars.
A clinical and therapeutic evaluation of portal cirrhosis

(1) A study of 246 cases of portal cirrhosis was made. (2) The recognition of the latent and early phase of the disease was stressed. (3) The early symptoms of cirrhosis are vague and may be exclusively referred to the G. I. tract, hemopoietic system, biliary tract, and to the nervous system. (4) A comparative evaluation of the effects of a highly nutritious diet with vitamin concentrates in a group of 112 patients was made with the results in 134 treated by diuretics, paracentesis and general supportive treatment. (5) The best results were obtained in the non-ascitic group and in patients with the early phase of the disease where multiple liver function tests have shown minimal impairment.
Peptidase activities of proteasomes are differentially regulated by the major histocompatibility complex-encoded genes for LMP2 and LMP7.

Abstract Recent studies have implicated proteasomes in the generation of the antigenic peptides that are presented on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to T lymphocytes. Interferon gamma modifies the subunit composition of proteasomes and causes changes in their peptidase activities that should favor the production of peptides with hydrophobic or basic carboxyl termini (i.e., the types found on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules). It has been proposed that these changes in peptidase activity are due to incorporation into proteasomes of the major histocompatibility complex-encoded subunits LMP2 and -7, which are induced by interferon gamma. Here we show by gene transfection into lymphoblasts or HeLa cells that LMP7 increases the capacity (Vmax) of 20S and 26S proteasomes to cleave peptides after hydrophobic and basic residues without affecting hydrolysis after acidic residues. These changes depended on the amount of LMP7 subunits incorporated into proteasomes. Transfection of LMP2 reduced cleavage of peptides after acidic residues, increased hydrolysis after basic residues, and did not affect the hydrophobic activity. Since the activity of the total proteasome population changed after incorporation of only small amounts of LMP2 or -7, these subunits must cause major alterations in peptidase activity. Thus, their expression can account for the changes in proteasome activity induced by inteferon gamma, and these findings lend further support to the proposed roles of LMPs in altering the nature of the peptides generated for antigen presentation.
DISLOCATION DENSITY-BASED GRAIN REFINEMENT MODELING OF ORTHOGONAL CUTTING OF COMMERCIALLY PURE TITANIUM

Recently, machining has been exploited as a means for producing ultra-fine grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline microstructures for various metal materials, such as aluminum alloys, copper, stainless steel, titanium and nickel-based super alloys, etc. However, no predictive, analytical or numerical work has ever been presented to quantitatively predict the change of grain sizes during machining. In this paper, a dislocation density-based viscoplastic model is adapted for modeling the grain size refinement mechanism during machining by means of a finite element based numerical framework. A novel Coupled EulerianLagrangian (CEL) finite element model embedded with the dislocation density subroutine is developed to model the severe plastic deformation and grain refinement during a steady-state cutting process. The orthogonal cutting tests of a commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) material are simulated in order to assess the validity of the numerical solution through comparison with experiments. The dislocation density-based material model is calibrated to reproduce the observed material constitutive mechanical behavior of CP Ti under various strains, strain rates and temperatures in the cutting process. It is shown that the developed model captures the essential features of the material mechanical behavior and predicts a grain size of 100-160 nm in the chips of CP Ti at a cutting speed of 10 mm/s.
Introducing CAD into the design office

This paper describes the implementation of CAD techniques in two major design areas within the W S Atkins Group, namely, building design and highways design. The characteristics of the two systems, BDS and MOSS, are described briefly and the circumstances necessary to their successful use are set out. The paper concludes with some more general comments about the impact of CAD techniques on the design process based upon four years practical experience within the Group.
Improving the balanced coaxial differential probe for high-voltage pulse measurements

The balanced coaxial differential probe benefits from tuning of the probe and z-match inductances near the probe tip. Imbalances in the two channels can be assessed and minimized using a ferrite. The probe's network analyzer spectrum is explained, with common mode resonance over the cable length related to the main source of error.
Oxygenated Radical Formation by Fresh Quartz Dust in a Cell-Free Aqueous Medium and Its Inhibition by Scavengers

This report summarizes our electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of oxygenated radical formation by freshly crushed quartz particles in a cell-free aqueous medium, and its inihibition by radical scavengers. This study was undertaken with to elucidate the primary biochemical mechanism involved in the development of silicosis (Farber, 1983; Reiser and Last, 1979; Silicosis and Silicate Disease Committee, 1988). In particular the mechanism by which the quartz particles exert their toxic action on cells and the process(es) by which these actions progress to fibrogenesis are still not well understood (Farber, 1983; Reiser and Last, 1979;). It is generally believed that the action of quartz particles on the cell membrane is the starting point of the silicotic process (Farber, 1983; Parazzi et al., 1968). Thus the surface characteristics of the quartz particles have been the subject of several recent studies (Bolis et al., 1983; Dalal et al., 1986; Fubini et al., 1987). Recently, We reported that mechanical crushing of quartz under normal atmosphere generates free radicals which decay with time, and that these free radicals are associated with a higher cytotoxicity of fresh quartz dust as compared to aged dust from the same stock (Dalal et al., 1986; Vallyathan et al., 1988). The formation of Si· and SiO·-type of radicals from quartz particles crushed under atmospheric conditions has also been reported by Fubini et al. (1987).
The Internet, value chain visibility and learning

It is unquestioned that the growth of the Internet is a significant phenomenon. Not only is there an exponential growth in the exchange of goods and services over the Internet, the Internet has changed the way information can be accessed and used. This paper posits that the Internet has made a fundamental change in the nature of the information value chain. The Internet has changed the visibility of the processes in the information value chain. Visibility means both information about processes and the capability of interacting with these processes. Because of this visibility, the Internet enables the emergence of online communities and makes possible more rapid and complete learning. The paper discusses the implications of the theory of visibility and the learning perspective for information systems research, design and management.
New GABAergic interneurons in the adult neocortex and striatum are generated from different precursors.

Ongoing neurogenesis in the adult mammalian dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb is generally accepted, but its existence in other adult brain regions is highly controversial. We labeled newly born cells in adult rats with the S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and used neuronal markers to characterize new cells at different time points after cell division. In the neocortex and striatum, we found BrdU-labeled cells that expressed each of the eight neuronal markers. Their size as well as staining for γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, calretinin and/or calbindin, suggest that new neurons in both regions are GABAergic interneurons. BrdU and doublecortin-immunoreactive (BrdU+/DCX+) cells were seen within the striatum, suggesting migration of immature neurons from the subventricular zone. Surprisingly, no DCX+ cells were found within the neocortex. NG2 immunoreactivity in some new neocortical neurons suggested that they may instead be generated from the NG2+ precursors that reside within the cortex itself.
Viscosity of gaseous and liquid argon

Abstract The coefficient of shear viscosity of fluid argon has been measured at temperatures from 85 to 298 K and at pressures up to 34 MN/m2 using the torsional crystal viscometer. The precision and accuracy of these measurements were estimated to be 0.5 and 2%, respectively. A detailed description of the apparatus and experimental measuring techniques is presented. Viscosity data for the compressed gas were represented and analyzed using density expansions. An empirical relation was developed to represent the data over the entire fluid range as a function of density and temperature. Also included is a comprehensive comparison of the present results with previous experimental data and theoretical predictions.
Assessment of life stress in adolescents: self-report versus interview methods.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the investigator-based Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) with a self-report measure (Life Events Checklist [LEC]) for the purpose of measuring life stress in adolescents with and without a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Method Adolescents (aged 13-18 years) with a recent episode of MDD based on DSM-III-R (n = 35) and normal controls free of any Axis I lifetime psychiatric disorder (n = 35) were assessed using both the LEC and the LEDS. Results Both measures predicted membership in the depressed and nondepressed groups of adolescents. Adolescents in the depressed group were more likely to report a severe event on the LEDS (97%) than adolescents in the nondepressed group (66%) (p = .001). Similarly, subjects in the depressed group endorsed a greater number of negative events (mean = 8.1) on the LEC than subjects in the nondepressed group (mean = 3.0) (p = .0001). An examination of potential provoking agents for episodes of major depression revealed that the LEC captured only 32% of preonset severe events and 36% of preonset major difficulties identified by the LEDS. Conclusions Interpreted in light of relative advantages and disadvantages, the results suggest that checklist and interview measures each have distinct advantages depending on the purpose for which they are being used.
Co-receptors for HIV-1 entry.

Abstract HIV-1 enters its target cells by fusion at the plasma membrane. The primary cellular receptor for HIV is CD4, but this molecule is insufficient to permit viral fusion. During 1996, the necessary entry co-factors (co-receptors or second receptors) were identified as being members of the seven-transmembrane-spanning receptor family fusin: CXCR4 for T-tropic strains and CCR5, principally, for M-tropic strains. The co-receptor functions of these proteins are inhibited by their natural α- and β-chemokine ligands.
Qualitative Description of College Students' Dinner Groups

Abstract Objective To discover how college students conduct dinner groups and perceptions of the benefits and difficulties of participation. Design Qualitative study conducted with 7 focus groups. Setting and Participants A university campus, with 36 students participating in dinner groups, defined as a group of 3 people or more cooking for one another (or together) and eating together at least 4 times a week. Main Outcome Measure Dinner groups. Analysis The focus group recordings were transcribed, coded, and reconciled. NUDIST NVivo software (version 8, QSR International, Victoria, Australia, 2008) assisted in coding data to identify themes and subthemes. Results Dinner groups were composed of roommates or students living nearby. They rotated who made each dinner. Benefits identified included social interaction, increasing confidence in cooking, saving money and time, and eating more varied and healthful foods. Difficulties, which were uncommon, included increased time spent on days the student cooked and stresses related to cooking on a schedule. Students found that the benefits far outweighed the difficulties and universally wanted to continue in a dinner group. Conclusions and Implications College students enjoyed dinner groups, and promoting them may be an option for improving college students’ eating habits. Nearly all students believed that they ate better in a dinner group, but research is needed to assess actual intake.
Intracellular partitioning of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in the brain of the male syrian hamster: Effects of castration and steroid replacement

SUMMARY The effect of castration and steroid replacement on the intracellular partitioning of the androgen receptor in the brain of the male Syrian hamster was determined using immunocytochemistry. Androgen receptors were visualized using the PG-21 antibody (G. s. Prins) on 40-pm coronal brain sections from hamsters perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde with or without 0.4% glutaraldehyde. Control studies confirmed antibody specificity in gonadintact and castrate males. In the normal adult male, androgen receptor immunocytochemistry reveals intense staining confined to the cell nucleus. Castration caused a gradual increase in cytoplasmic labelling within 2 weeks, accompanied by a reduction in nuclear staining intensity in androgen receptor-containing neurons throughout the brain. Cytoplasmic androgen receptor staining was eliminated after treatment of orchidectomized males for only 8 h with exogenous testosterone. Likewise, long-term exposure to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, a nonaromatizable androgen, maintained nuclear androgen receptor immunoreactivity. However, exposure to low physiologic concentrations of estrogen was not effective in this regard. In addition, we determined that nuclear androgen receptor immunoreactivity decreases in response to inhibitory short-day photoperiod, but without an increase in cytoplasmic immunostaining. This appears to be due to the decrease in androgen production by the testis, rather than a direct photoperiodic effect, because testosterone supplementation to short-day males restored the intensity of nuclear androgen receptor immunoreactivity to levels comparable to those in the intact male. These findings are compatible with a new model for the intracellular localization of androgen receptors, in which a subset of unoccupied receptors is located in the cell cytoplasm in the absence of ligand. They further demonstrate the repartitioning of such cytoplasmic receptors, thereby confirming and extending previous observations using biochemical techniques on the regulation of neuronal androgen receptors. 0 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Co-evolution of plumage characteristics and winter sociality in New and Old World sparrows

Understanding the evolution of phenotypic diversity, including the stunning array of avian plumage characters, is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Here, we applied a comparative analysis to test factors associated with the origin and maintenance of black chest and throat patches, which in some taxa are referred to as 'badges-of-status'. Specifically, we tested whether the evolution of black colour patches in Old and New World sparrows is consistent with a signalling function during the nonbreeding season or breeding season. We found no positive associations between patch evolution and polygyny or summer sociality. Instead, patch evolution is significantly associated with sociality during the nonbreeding season. Additionally, unlike typical plumage characteristics under sexual selection, these patches are visible throughout the nonbreeding season. Further, the pattern of patch dimorphism uncovered in this study does not match expectations for a trait that evolved in a reproductive context. In particular, patch dimorphism is not associated with polygyny or the presence of extra-pair mating although other types of plumage dimorphism are strongly associated with nonmonogamous mating systems. Overall, patterns of patch evolution suggest that they are more strongly associated with social competition during the nonbreeding season than sexual competition during the breeding season. These results clarify why some previous work has uncovered puzzling relationships between black plumage patches and reproductive behaviour. We discuss these findings in the context of signal theory and previous work on badges-of-status.
Estrogen regulation of mammary gland development and breast cancer: amphiregulin takes center stage

Estrogen-mediated proliferation is fundamental to normal mammary gland development. Recent studies have demonstrated that amphiregulin is a critical paracrine regulator of estrogen action during ductal morphogenesis. These studies implicate a critical role for amphiregulin in mammary stem cell differentiation as well as breast cancer initiation and progression.
Group-orthogonal MAC for cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radios

In cognitive radio systems, secondary users (SUs) detect and utilize spectrum holes that are not being used by the licensed primary user (PU). The detection performance can be improved if SUs cooperate among each other or via a fusion center (FC). In this work, we propose group-orthogonal multiple-access channel (MAC) in which several SUs belonging to the same group send their test statistics through an orthogonal channel. The fusion center (FC) uses a simple reconstruction method by linearly combining the outputs from multiple orthogonal groups. We study the optimal weights at the FC and the optimal number of groups (D) as a function of the system parameters such as channel gains, target false alarm probability, and noise statistics. When D = M (number of secondary users), which is also known as orthogonal signaling, the noise and signal contributions from each user are optimally combined at the fusion center. When D= 1, which is also known as non-orthogonal signaling, the signals are mixed in the air; hence no need for combining at the FC. In this case, at the FC, noise contribution is reduced. However, the performance gains of optimal weighting is lost. The group-orthogonal MAC model allows us to quantify this trade-off. For equal channel gain case, we derive the optimal number of groups and weighting coefficients. For non-equal channel gain case, we provide optimal solutions for special cases with limiting noise and signal powers in addition to the simulation results for general cases.
Recurrent or Residual Hyperparathyroidism and Thyroid Cancer Effectively Evaluated with Scintigraphy

Re-exploration of the neck for residual or recurrent hyperparathyroidism or thyroid cancer is technically challenging and preoperative imaging is very useful for guiding surgery. For both pathologies, nuclear medicine techniques have emerged as the primary preoperative imaging modalities. The precise techniques used continue to evolve as new equipment and technology (fusion imaging) become available. The role of
Low temperature volatile production at the Lost City Hydrothermal Field, evidence from a hydrogen stable isotope geothermometer

Although commonly utilized in continental geothermal work, the water–hydrogen and methane–hydrogen isotope geothermometers have been neglected in hydrothermal studies. Here we report δD-CH4 and δD-H2 values from high-temperature, black smoker-type hydrothermal vents and low-temperature carbonate-hosted samples from the recently discovered Lost City Hydrothermal Field. Methane deuterium content is uniform across the dataset at −120±12‰. Hydrogen δD values vary from −420‰ to −330‰ at high-temperature vents to −700‰ to −600‰ at Lost City. The application of several geothermometer equations to a suite of hydrothermal vent volatile samples reveals that predicted temperatures are similar to measured vent temperatures at high-temperature vents, and 20–60 °C higher than those measured at the Lost City vents. We conclude that the overestimation of temperature at Lost City reflects 1) that methane and hydrogen are produced by serpentinization at N110 °C, and 2) that isotopic equilibrium at temperatures b70 °C is mediated by microbial sulfate reduction. The successful application of hydrogen isotope geothermometers to low-temperature Lost City hydrothermal samples encourages its employment with lowtemperature diffuse hydrothermal fluids. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
H ∞ Filter Design for Uncertain Discrete-Time Systems in Finite Frequency Domain

This paper studies the problem of finite frequency Hinfin filter design for linear time-invariant discrete-time systems with polytopic uncertainties. Generalized Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (GKYP) lemma is exploited to formulate the filter design problem in finite frequency domain. A design method is presented in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Semantic Space-Time Models of the Streamonas Data Stream Management System

Four novel models define the fundamental temporal semantics upon which the Stream on as DSMS has been architected, as also the fundamental temporal semantics for application development on the system. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the power of the theoretical models as also the stability and scalability of the system when this is tested with a load from 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 expressways when running the Linear Road Benchmark. The extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical Semantic-Space Time models as the system has reached the maximum level of difficulty of the benchmark (10 expressways) with an average query latency of 0.000026 seconds, 192,307 times faster than the 5 seconds hard real-time constraint the benchmark sets.
Tax Shifting and the Laws of Cost

Introduction, 680. — I. Marshall's treatment examined, 681. — II. Doubts as to its usefulness: (1) the assumption of free competition, 685; independence of the cost of labor and capital, 690; effect of public expenditures, 695; the assumption that an industry obeys one law of cost throughout, 698; "boxing" an industry, 701. — III. The "statistical" method of analyzing tax-price relationships, 703. — The "theoretical-statistical" method more promising, 706.
Elastic Properties of Al2O3 and Si3N4 Matrix Composites with SiC Whisker Reinforcement

This paper reports on a study of the elastic moduli of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramics reinforced with 0 to 25 wt% SiC whiskers. The Young's moduli, shear moduli, and longitudinal modulus are compared with calculated predictions for aligned fiber composites by Hill and Hashin and Rosen, and for fibers randomly oriented in three dimensions by Christensen and Waal. The measured values are in excellent quantitative agreement with those derived for the random orientation of the SiC whiskers.
Prediction of Thermo-Oxidative Degradation in Polymer Matrix Composites Using Micromechanical Modeling and Homogenization at the Macro-Scale

Mechanism-based modeling of damage evolution in high temperature polymer matrix composites (HTPMC) under thermo-oxidative aging conditions is presented in this article. Specifically, a multi-scale model based on micro-mechanics analysis in conjunction with continuum damage mechanics is developed to simulate the accelerated fiber-matrix debond growth in the longitudinal direction of a unidirectional HTPMC. The benchmark of model prediction with experimental observations of oxidative debond growth is presented. In addition to the micromechanics-based damage evolution model, effective diffusivity of a composite lamina at the macroscale is also developed based on diffusivities of the fiber and polymer matrix phases using a homogenization technique.
Nimesulide inhibits IFN-γ-induced programmed death-1-ligand 1 surface expression in breast cancer cells by COX-2 and PGE2 independent mechanisms

It is now well established that increased programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) surface expression in cancer cells and the resultant T cell suppression contribute to cancer cell immune evasion. Blockade of PD-L1 function has been shown to stimulate anti-cancer immunity. Therefore, compounds that can down-regulate PD-L1 surface expression in cancer cells may serve as novel immune modulators to promote cancer cell-reactive immune responses. In the present study, we examined the effects of nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on PD-L1 surface expression in breast cancer cells by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that nimesulide was able to inhibit IFN-gamma-induced PD-L1 surface expression in breast cancer cells. However, our data indicate that the inhibitory effects of nimesulide appear to be independent of COX-2/PGE2 signaling. Since nimesulide also exhibits anti-tumor activities by inducing cancer cell apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, our findings suggest that nimesulide may represent a new class of chemotherapeutic agents that possess dual functions to inhibit cancer cell growth and promote cancer cell immune responses.
Engineering management: From pioneers years to year 2010

A review is presented of the early years in the engineering management field, and market demands and curricula of the future for this field are forecast. A survey made by the author of over one-hundred employers of engineers to determine the academic and experiential know-how desired for engineers over the next ten, or more, years is described and discussed. Management expertise is a major parameter of the survey, and the author's personal experience during the pioneer period of engineering management is perceived to be beneficial in interpreting data derived from the ongoing marked survey. Although the survey is not complete, early responses reveal a serious difference in the views of employers contrasted with those traditionally held by educators of the job which graduates of engineering management programs can fill. >
The Interaction of Inhaled Toxicants with Respiratory Tract Clearance Mechanisms

Mecanismes de la clairance. Techniques de mesures. Effets des toxiques inhales sur la clairance mucociliaire et sur l'activite phagocytaire des macrophages alveolaires
Local Random Errors in Tipping-Bucket Rain Gauge Measurements

Abstract This study presents empirical analysis of the errors in tipping-bucket rain gauges that manifest themselves as random differences between closely collocated instruments. It is based on a substantial data sample from 15 collocated rain gauges. The errors are shown to be considerable and highly dependent on rainfall intensity and timescale. These dependencies are estimated using nonparametric regression. Strong dependence of the errors on the data collecting and processing strategy is also demonstrated. An analytical model and estimates of its coefficients are provided to concisely quantify the results in different scenarios. Finally, possible improvements of the accuracy and reliability of the surface rainfall measurements are discussed.
Molecular Characterization of Secondary Aerosol from Oxidation of Cyclic Methylsiloxanes

Cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) have been identified as important gas-phase atmospheric contaminants, but knowledge of the molecular composition of secondary aerosol derived from cVMS oxidation is incomplete. Here, the chemical composition of secondary aerosol produced from the OH-initiated oxidation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5, C10H30O5Si5) is characterized by high performance mass spectrometry. ESI-MS reveals a large number of monomeric (300 < m/z < 470) and dimeric (700 < m/z < 870) oxidation products. With the aid of high resolution and MS/MS, it is shown that oxidation leads mainly to the substitution of a CH3 group by OH or CH2OH, and that a single molecule can undergo many CH3 group substitutions. Dimers also exhibit OH and CH2OH substitutions and can be linked by O, CH2, and CH2CH2 groups. GC-MS confirms the ESI-MS results. Oxidation of D4 (C8H24O4Si4) exhibits similar substitutions and oligomerizations to D5, though the degree of oxidation is greater under the same conditions and there is direct evidence for the formation of peroxy groups (CH2OOH) in addition to OH and CH2OH.
Abstract T P212: One Year Experience Of An Urban Primary Stroke Center With An Integrated Internal Telestroke System

Background: Telestroke systems have offered expert stroke care to underserved communities across the United States. Usually, the telestroke service is provided by external consultants, from other institutions with limited access to patients’ medical charts and prior imaging. Here, we report on our one-year experience of an internal telestroke system at a community Primary Stroke Center. Methodology: Prior to August 2013, assessment of thrombolytics was provided by in-house neurologists through bedside consultation during the day and telephone consultation after hours. However, starting August 2013 acute stroke care is provided by neurologists using a telemedicine device via an integrated internal telestroke program. Given the integrated nature of our hospital system, these physicians have immediate access to medical charts, history, laboratory, and prior as well as current imaging. In order to prove the viability of this program, we compared outcomes between the two acute stroke care processes. We determined thrombolytic utilization rate, door-to-needle time (DNT), rate of stroke mimics, and discharge destination of those patients who received thrombolytics 12 month before and after telestroke implementation. Results: We noted improvement in the percentage of eligible stroke patients receiving thrombolytics (8% vs 18.2%). Our DNT decreased by 23 minutes (mean 93.4 vs 69.7 minutes, P<0.005). Thrombolytics administered to stroke mimics was reduced from 16.7% to 8.6%. Patients discharged to a non-home facility (acute rehabilitation or skilled nursing facilities) decreased from 16.6% to 8.6%. Conclusion: Compared to our previous local acute stroke management, stroke care was not inferior. In fact, as a result of an internal telestroke system implementation, our thrombolytic utilization rate increased, our DNT improved, our stroke mimic rate decreased, and non-home discharge disposition decreased. Although not specifically assessed in our study, we suspect that internal telestroke systems also offer obvious advantages for patient care compared to external systems. Further studies evaluating stroke outcomes in these distinct systems are needed.
The Effects of Economic Crisis on Democratization

Does the global economic crisis negatively impact the prospects of democratization around the world? This is a time-series, cross-national study that tests the effects of the economic meltdown on the level of democratization for new democracies around the world for 2007 to 2009. It tests economic growth measured as the quarterly economic rate growth against different indexes of democracy, and different indicators of democracy, while controlling for region of the world, ethnic fractionalization, institutions, and wealth. The expectation is that the current economic crisis has negatively impacted the speed of democratization around the world. The intellectual interest for this effect is to understand if new democracies can survive the test of economic meltdowns.
The Boeing 7e7

The task for students is to evaluate the 7E7 project against a financial standard, the investors' required returns. The case gives internal rates of return (IRR) for the 7E7 project under base case and alternative forecasts. The students must estimate a weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) for Boeing's commercial-aircraft business segment in order to evaluate these IRRs. As a result of this analysis the students identify the "key value drivers" and distinguish, on a qualitative basis, the key gambles Boeing is making. The general objective of this case is to exercise students' skills in estimating a weighted average cost of capital and cost of equity. The need for students to estimate a segment WACC draws out their abilities to critique different estimates of beta and to manipulate the levered-beta formulas. Boeing competes in both the commercial aircraft and defense business; thus, deriving the appropriate benchmark WACC for the 7E7 project requires isolating the commercial aircraft component from Boeing's overall corporate WACC. In doing so, students engage the concept of value additivity.
Lean Manufacturing and Cycle Time Variability Analysis for Factory Automation Using Simulation Tools

This paper presents the influence of cycle time variation and number of kanban cards on the throughput of manufacturing cell supported by simulation tools. The ultimate goal of the work is for attaining factory automation. Based on this analysis the paper will introduce the concept of “Moving Bottleneck”. We also propose an optimization function to enable manufacturing processes optimization outcomes by employing the proposed function. The results show that the analysis performed and methodology proposed are effective tools towards lean factory manufacturing automation.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Influence of Preheat-treatment Temperature on Ground Raw Coke Powder for Fabrication of Carbon Solids

The influence of preheat-treatment temperature in the range of 475-900°C on properties of ground powder of a green petroleum coke was studied.From these ground coke powders with different preheat-treatment temperature, carbon solids were also prepared by compression under 2000kg/cm2 at room temperature and calcination at 1000°C for 1h.Properties of ground coke powder, such as particle shape, X-ray parameters and graphitizability, showed drastic changes at the preheat-treatment temperature about 550°C.Below 550°C, the ground cokes showed spherical appearance of particles, broadened (002) diffraction profile of X-rays, and also non-graphitizing character after heat-treatment at 2800°C.They were easily compacted and sintered at high temperatures without any binder.The calcined bodies thus prepared showed relatively high compressive strength of about 1500kg/cm2.
Health Concerns for Mexican Migrants in Central Florida: Collaborations with the Sending State via Mobile Consulates and Hometown Associations

Contemporary debates on health and immigration reform often display a lack of understanding of how limited health care access can aggravate problems and contribute to major disparities. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, designed to ensure broader health insurance coverage for populations across the United States, is likely to actually reduce access to care for many immigrants by isolating them from the general, formerly uninsured, population (Arredondo et al. 2012; Bustamante et al. 2012; Zuckerman, Waidmann, and Lawton 2011). These changes will become increasingly relevant to practicing and applied anthropologists working in health care settings and seeking to ameliorate the impact of potentially reduced resources. Anthropologists must be attentive to these shifting processes of care-giving and seeking that impact vulnerable populations (Horton et al. 2014) and help to identify and propose solutions for the future.
Occurrence of bodies within endoplasmic reticulum of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

SummaryDense, spherical, shell-structured bodies, measuring about 60 mμ in diameter, which were originally associated only with anopheles A virus have now been found in uninoculated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. These bodies are found in the cytoplasm within the lumin of the endoplasmic reticulum and in some instances they seem to be attached to or to be formed from the wall of the endoplasmic reticulum tubule.This work was supported by the Lillia Babbiat Hyde Foundation and the Research Division of American Cyanamid Co., Pearl River, N. Y.
New Data on the Biology of Stilbometopa Impressa (Bigot) and Lynchia Hirsuta Ferris (Diptera: Hippoboscidae)

Stilbomelopa impressa (Bigot) and Lynchia hirsuta Ferris are ectoparasites of California quail. The biology of these hippoboscids is of special importance since these flies have been found to be vectors of Haemoproteus lophorlyx O'Roke, a malarial parasite of California quail. O'Roke (1930) demonstrated that L. hirsuta was a vector of this malaria. Kadner (1941), Herman and Bischoff (1949) and Tarshis (1953, 1955) incriminated S. impressa also as a vector.
Influence of fibers on the hyperspectral measurement of ambient light in water:Preliminary results

The effects of two quartz optic fiber and optic fiber with different diameter on water column spectrum measurement were compared.Field measurements of water column spectrum showed that PCS optic fiber with diameter 0.6 mm and digital diameter 0.37 has the lowest GER signal loss within 350 to 550 nm wavelength.This PCS optic fiber also has good comparability with lens measurement curve.The real measurement achieved when the optic fiber is connected to spectrometer was 20% of the value measured by the original 4 degree optical field lens.Real measurements achieved by PCS optic fiber with diameter 0.4 mm and optic fibers with big diameter as well as big digital diameter,on the other hand,were only 15% and 5% of lens measurements.10-meter-PCS optic fiber with diameter 0.6 mm,after curved to a circular with diameter larger than 30 cm,achieved real measurements 15% of the lens measurement value,which meets the water column spectrum measurement requirement.
Prevalence and recognition of panic states in STARNET patients presenting with chest pain.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence of panic states in patients presenting with chest pain in primary care settings, to determine the recognition rate of panic states by family physicians, and to assess the impact of lack of recognition on interventions and costs. METHODS: Patients from the South Texas Ambulatory Research Network (STARNET) presenting with a new complaint of chest pain were asked to participate in the study. Before seeing their physician, subjects completed the panic disorder section of the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised. The SCID was used to assign diagnoses of panic disorder, infrequent panic, or limited symptom attacks. Health care outcomes included medications prescribed, tests ordered, follow-up and referrals, costs, and physician diagnosis. RESULTS: Although approximately one half of the 51 patients in this study met criteria for either panic disorder or infrequent panic, few were recognized by physicians as having a panic state (kappa = -.003). Patients with panic disorder were more likely to receive follow-up or referral (P = .042), incurring higher follow-up costs (P = .080). Patients with infrequent panic received more testing (P = .008), with higher costs for testing (P = .001) and higher overall costs (P = .067). Panic-diagnosis associations were found between psychotropic (P = .001) and total (P = .070) medications as well as follow-up and referral costs (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: Although common, panic states are rarely recognized in patients presenting with complaints of chest pain. The presence of panic leads to more testing, follow-up, and referral with subsequent higher costs. Failure to diagnose panic results in increased prescribing of medications, higher costs, and inappropriate pharmacotherapy.
Independent component analysis for underwater lidar clutter rejection

This work demonstrates a new statistical approach towards backscatter “clutter” rejection for continuous-wave underwater lidar systems: independent component analysis. Independent component analysis is a statistical signal processing technique which can separate a return of interest from clutter in a statistical domain. After highlighting the statistical processing concepts, we demonstrate that underwater lidar target and backscatter returns have very different distributions, facilitating their separation in a statistical domain. Example profiles are provided showing the results of this separation, and ranging experiment results are presented. In the ranging experiment, performance is compared to a more conventional frequency-domain filtering approach. Target tracking is maintained to 14.5 attenuation lengths in the laboratory test tank environment, a 2.5 attenuation length improvement over the baseline.
Biological versus mechanical valves. Analysis of 1,116 valves inserted in 1,012 adult patients with a 4,818 patient-year and a 5,327 valve-year follow-up.

All surviving patients between 18 and 88 years of age receiving biological or mechanical prosthetic heart valves at the Yak–New Haven Hospital from January 1974 through January 1985 were analyzed for thromboembolism, anticoagulation-related hemorrhage, endocarditis, perivalvular leak, valve failure, need for reoperation, late cardiac death, and valve-related death. The rates of these events were analyzed in linear and actuarial terms over the 11 year period. A total of 533 patients received 606 biological valves (328 aortic, 252 mitral, 24 tricuspid, and two pulmonary, consisting of 482 Carpentier-Edwards, 108 Hancock, 15 Ionescu-Shiley, and one other), with a mean follow-up of 2,571 patient-years and 2,935 valve-years. They were compared with 479 patients with 510 mechanical valves (330 aortic, 175 mitral, and five tricuspid, consisting of 178 Starr-Edwards, 166 St Jude Medical, 164 Bjork-Shiley, and two others), which were implanted for 2,247 patient-years and 2,392 valve-years. We found a significantly increased incidence of thromboembolism (p