cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear–Mitochondrial Sequences as Witnesses of Past Interbreeding and Population Diversity in the Jumping Bristletail Mesomachilis

Nuclear-mitochondrial sequences (NUMTs) can be especially powerful tools for evolutionary studies by providing a window into the nature of ancestral mitochondrial (mt) lineages. Here, we illustrate this property of NUMTs through a survey of such sequences in two species of the jumping bristletail genus Mesomachilis. An ∼1,800 basepair fragment encompassing three mt genes--COI, tRNA-Leu, and COII--was cloned twice for a sample of specimens, and colonies were screened. NUMTs in this genus are abundant and genetically diverse (up to 23% different from the associated mt sequence). Numerous independent nuclear integration events are scattered at different time depths, suggesting a continuous process of NUMT generation. By combining phylogenetic reconstruction with analyses of the pattern of nucleotide substitution on mt and NUMT branches, we inferred the dynamics of NUMT origin and evolution. The majority of NUMTs in the data set have apparently evolved from source mt lineages that were substantially different from the currently associated mt sequence, indicating NUMT transfer via matings among divergent lineages. The original source mt lineages either were unsampled or are extinct. Translocations of NUMTs to new nuclear genomes can preserve NUMTs following extinction of their ancestral mt lineages and can be used to detect mixing between divergent mt lineages and past levels of mt diversity.
An architecture for real-time control of broadband networks

An architecture capable of supporting real-time traffic monitoring and control, management, and information transport for broadband networks is outlined. It embeds the management, the traffic control, and the information transport architectures. The traffic control architecture (TCA) is characterized both as a resource manager and an extended machine. The traffic control model employed consists of a statistical and a dynamic database and a set of distributed algorithms that interact by writing and reading into these databases. The latter are part of a knowledge database capable of supporting monitoring, control, and fault management tasks. The associated tasks operate on two time scales: a fast time scale with reaction times to events on the order of milliseconds and a slow time scale where actions in response to events take place within seconds. The TCA and the information transport architecture run on the fast time scale whereas the management architecture runs on the slow time scale. >
Electrical resistivity, hall effect and optical absorption in TlS, TlS0·5Se0·5 and TlSe

Abstract Various ternary compositions in the TlS−TlSe system were prepared and found to have the same tetragonal structure as TlS and TlSe. Resistivity and Hall measurements on the compositions TlS, TlSe and TlS 0·5 Se 0·5 were performed over the temperature range of 78 to 400°K. Activation energies obtained from these data are compared to direct and indirect band transition energies obtained from optical absorption measurements for radiation polarized both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the principal crystallographic symmetry axis. Some results are identified with previously proposed band structure details. In the case of TlSe a comparison is made with band gap energies reported by several other investigators.
“Jerry, Don't Go”: Domestic Opposition to the 1975 Helsinki Final Act

Though now seen as a key turning point in the Cold War, the 1975 Helsinki Final Act provoked considerable opposition in the United States. The principal line of criticism was that the United States had given away too much in the negotiations and had required little of the Soviets. The Helsinki Final Act initially was unpopular domestically with Eastern European ethnic groups as well as members of Congress due to concerns about its implications for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and the Soviet presence in Eastern Europe. At the root of many of these complaints was a larger critique of United States President Gerald Ford's policy of detente with the Soviet Union. Understanding the sources of opposition to the Helsinki Final Act in the United States illuminates the potential conflict between foreign policy formulation and domestic politics, and it reflects the Ford administration's inability to explain his support for the agreement to the American public. Furthermore, the controversy engendered by the Helsinki Final Act illustrates how contentious Cold War politics remained even in an era of supposed detente with the Soviet Union and demonstrates the extent to which the pact's long-term benefits were unforeseen by participants at the time. The Ford administration was never able to counter condemnation of the Helsinki Final Act sufficiently, enhancing existing skepticism about his leadership and policy toward the Soviet Union.
Attending supervision of nonemergency medicine residents in a university hospital ED

There have been a limited number of studies assessing the impact of attending physician supervision of residents in the emergency department (ED). The objective of this study is to describe the changes in patient care when attending emergency physicians (AEPs) supervise nonemergency medicine residents in a university hospital ED. This was a prospective study including 1,000 patients, 32 second- and third-year nonemergency medicine residents and eight AEPs. The AEPs classified changes in care for each case as major, minor, or none, according to a 40-item data sheet list. There were 153 major changes and 353 minor changes by the AEP. The most common major changes were ordering laboratory or x-ray tests that showed a clinically significant abnormality, and eliciting important physical exam findings. Potentially limb- or life-threatening errors were averted by the AEP in 17 patients. Supervision of nonemergency medicine residents in the ED resulted in frequent and clinically important changes in patient care.
Translational Therapeutics of Dipyridamole

Dipyridamole (DP) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) by preventing their conversion to AMP and GMP, respectively. By increasing cAMP and cGMP levels in platelets, DP reversibly inhibits platelet aggregation and platelet-mediated thrombotic disease. In addition, DP may potentiate some of the vascular protective effects of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO), which increases cGMP by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase. Endothelium-derived NO is an important regulator of vascular tone, blood flow, and tissue perfusion. Indeed, endothelial NO synthase-deficient (eNOS-/-) mice exhibit elevated systemic blood pressure and have larger myocardial and cerebral infarct size after ischemic injury. Other NO/cGMP-dependent effects that may be potentiated by DP include inhibition of vascular smooth muscle proliferation and prevention of endothelial-leukocyte interaction. In addition, DP increases local concentrations of adenosine and prostacyclin, which could affect vascular tone and inflammation. Finally, DP has antioxidant properties, which could stabilize platelet and vascular membranes as well as prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. These platelet and nonplatelet actions of DP may contribute to some of its therapeutic benefits in vascular disease.
Enhanced Sweetness in Sweetener‐NaCI‐Gum Systems

Enhancement of sweetness in aqueous gum (0.03%, w/v) sweetener systems by added NaCI (0.05%, w/v) was evaluated by a sensory panel. 23 Na NMR spectroscopy was used to determine Na + binding and its relationship to sweetness elicited by glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and aspartame. Sweetness intensity differed due to gum (p = 0.0001) and sweetener (p = 0.0001), but was not affected by NaCI (p = 0.0774). Sweetness increased with added NaCI in xanthan, guar and locust bean gum solutions. However, sweetness decreased in K-carrageenan systems possibly due to endogenous cation (Ca 2+ , K + and Na + ) content, which influences Na + mobility. The sweetest systems containing lactose and/or xanthan, showed the greatest enhancement by NaCI.
Laboratory Studies and Diagnostic Work-Up of Bony Lesions in the Spine

Almost any time a physician treats a bony lesion or fracture pathological to the spine, the world of poor bone quality is entered. In order to improve understanding (and control) of the normal and diseased skeletal system, it is necessary to be conversant with a basic knowledge of these disorders affecting the spine. Therefore, basic laboratory tests, which can aid in the diagnostic work-up and evaluation of tumor recurrence, are reviewed in this chapter. It should be noted, though, that this chapter provides only an overview on the subject and it does not provide a complete review of all laboratory tests and prognostic factors applicable to spine tumor patients.
Regression Discontinuity with Many Thresholds - Online Appendix

This is the supplemental online appendix to the paper "Regression Discontinuity with Many Thresholds" which is available at the following URL: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2712957.
A Stiffness Formulation for Spline Joints

Due to the lack of knowledge in terms of their flexibility and deformation, spline joints are typically assumed to be rigid in dynamic models of gearboxes, transmissions and drive trains. As various dynamic phenomena are associated with the stiffness of a spline joint, any high-fidelity dynamic model of drivetrains must properly capture the stiffness of spline joints. In this study, a general analytical stiffness formulation for spline joints is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This formulation defines a fully-populated stiffness matrix of a spline joint including radial, tilting and torsional stiffness values as well as off-diagonal coupling terms. A blockwise inversion method is proposed and implemented with this analytical formulation to reduce computational time required. At the end, a detailed parametric study is presented to demonstrate the sensitivity of the spline stiffness matrix to torque level, tooth modifications, misalignments, and tooth indexing errors.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Gustos and gastos: Anxiety, Economy, Nation and the Theatre in Nineteenth-Century Spain

AbstractAs the economy developed in the mid nineteenth-century Spain, with the creation of the Stock Market, the banking system and intensified industrial production, many writers (and citizens) became obsessed with money. Family and individual fortunes rose and fell, and the fear of losing accumulated capital (or possessions) marked the literature of the century. Before the advent of the realist novel, however, when narrators succeeded in having their characters play out the economic games that dominated their thinking and actions, the theatre provided a space in which writers could work out the issues that most perplexed, or most entertained, their audiences. Examples from playwrights such as Galvez de Cabrera (La familia a la moda [1805]), Saavedra (Tanto vales cuanto tienes [1827]), Gil de Zarate (Don Trifon [1841]), Dacarrete (Poderoso caballero es don Dinero [1857]), Larra (hijo) (La Bolsa y el bolsillo [1859]), and others reveal the serious anxiety generated by the acquisition, manipulation and pot...
Molecular Epidemiology of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), the specialized E. coli strains that possess the ability to overcome or subvert host defenses and cause extraintestinal disease, are important pathogens in humans and certain animals. Molecular epidemiological analysis has led to an appreciation of ExPEC as being distinct from other E. coli (including intestinal pathogenic and commensal variants) and has offered insights into the ecology, evolution, reservoirs, transmission pathways, host-pathogen interactions, and pathogenetic mechanisms of ExPEC. Molecular epidemiological analysis also provides an essential complement to experimental assessment of virulence mechanisms. This chapter first reviews the basic conceptual and methodological underpinnings of the molecular epidemiological approach and then summarizes the main aspects of ExPEC that have been investigated using this approach.
Bank Risk Management

This article presents a framework for analyzing the interest rate risks and credit risks of financial institutions, and shows how proper hedges can be designed using futures, options, and swaps.
Encouraging Innovation in Preventive Health Technology: A Spotlight on Women's Health

Encouraging technology innovation, specifically preventive health technology, can use the intellectual property regime to the public health's benefit. Â Patents today are currently concentrated in reactive care technology. Â However some preventive technologies, particularly the IUD, are gaining popularity. Â The Affordable Care Act and other government policies present an opportunity for more preventive care techologies to flourish.
Query Processing Techniques for Object-oriented XML Based on Path Repository

XML is fast emerging as the standard for data representation and exchange on the World Wide Web,storing and querying XML data becomes more and more important.How to query object-oriented XML data rapidly and exactly is a primary research issue.Indexing techniques are valid methods to the efficiency of XML query processing.This paper achieves a query processing techniques of object-oriented XML data based on the path repository index scheme.
Inhibition of cGMP-associated pulmonary arterial relaxation to H2O2 and O2 by ethanol

We have recently suggested that relaxation of isolated precontracted intrapulmonary arteries from calves to H2O2 or O2 may involve the activation of guanylate cyclase by peroxide metabolism via catalase. In this study, ethanol, an agent that modulates peroxide metabolism by catalase and selectively inhibits the activation of guanylate cyclase by H2O2 but not by nitric oxide-related activators, was employed to further investigate the role of catalase in pulmonary arterial relaxation and guanylate cyclase activation by O2 and H2O2. In precontracted pulmonary arteries, ethanol reverses H2O2-elicited relaxation and increases in guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) tissue levels without affecting similar responses to nitroprusside. The pulmonary arteries employed in this study show a hypoxic contraction that is associated with decreases in cGMP levels, and reoxygenation produces a somewhat phasic relaxation and a marked increase in cGMP levels. Ethanol produces an O2 tension-dependent contraction and reverses relaxation to reoxygenation associated with inhibition of O2-elicited increases in cGMP levels. Thus ethanol appears to function as a mimic of hypoxia by inhibiting relaxations elicited by O2. These findings support a hypothesized role for H2O2-dependent activation of guanylate cyclase in O2-dependent regulation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle tone.
From condemnation to normalisation: Young Africans' narratives about same-sex attraction and implications for communication and advocacy efforts.

Narrative is a primary tool in human meaning-making and communication. Frequently value-laden, it plays an important role in global public health communication and advocacy efforts. State-endorsed homophobia is widespread across much of sub-Saharan Africa, severely restricting access to sexual health services and undermining human rights and mental health for sexual minorities. Young Africans' narratives about same-sex attraction (SSA) can both inform message framing and provide a source of creative ideas for communication and advocacy efforts. We conducted an analysis of 56 narratives about SSA submitted by young people aged 13-24 years from 10 African countries to a spring 2013 scriptwriting competition in response to a prompt inviting participants to 'Tell a story about someone who is attracted to people of the same sex.' We categorised the narratives across a spectrum of attitudinal perspectives vis-a-vis SSA and identified characteristics of each category, ranging from condemnation (including characterising SSA as satanic), through ambivalence (e.g. 'love the sinner, hate the sin'), to acceptance, activism (including petitioning for same-sex marriage), and normalisation. The texts shed light on potential message frames and cultural narratives that can be countered or leveraged in communication efforts to improve the health and human rights of sexual minority Africans.
Chemical effects of carbon dioxide sequestration in the Upper Morrow Sandstone in the Farnsworth, Texas, hydrocarbon unit

Numerical geochemical modeling was used to study the effects on pore-water composition and mineralogy from carbon dioxide (CO2) injection into the Pennsylvanian Morrow B Sandstone in the Farnsworth Unit in northern Texas to evaluate its potential for long-term CO2 sequestration. Speciation modeling showed the present Morrow B formation water to be supersaturated with respect to an assemblage of zeolite, clay, carbonate, mica, and aluminum hydroxide minerals and quartz. The principal accessory minerals in the Morrow B, feldspars and chlorite, were predicted to dissolve. A reaction-path model in which CO2 was progressively added up to its solubility limit into the Morrow B formation water showed a decrease in pH from its initial value of 7 to approximately 4.1 to 4.2, accompanied by the precipitation of small amounts of quartz, diaspore, and witherite. As the resultant CO2-charged fluid reacted with more of the Morrow B mineral matrix, the model predicted a rise in pH, reaching a maximum of 5.1 to 5.2 at a water–rock ratio of 10:1. At a higher water–rock ratio of 100:1, the pH rose to only 4.6 to 4.7. Diaspore, quartz, and nontronite precipitated consistently regardless of the water–rock ratio, but the carbonate minerals siderite, witherite, dolomite, and calcite precipitated at higher pH values only. As a result, CO2 sequestration by mineral trapping was predicted to be important only at low water–rock ratios, accounting for a maximum of 2% of the added CO2 at the lowest water–rock ratio investigated of 10:1, which corresponds to a small porosity increase of approximately 0.14% to 0.15%.
Thinking about Thinking

There is an old joke about the man who lost his wallet and was looking for it under the one bright lamp on an otherwise dark street. A stranger stops to help and after an unsuccessful search asks him if he is sure he lost the wallet here. The man replies that, no, he lost it in the dark down the road but is searching for it here because the light is better. We encounter this better light dilemma in any attempt to discuss thinking because the medium we are using for our discussion consists of the written or spoken symbols of a language system. But word recognition is not necessarily word understanding. We may recognize every word someone uses and yet not understand the idea he or she is trying to convey. Unfortunately, talking about thinking is easier than thinking about thinking because one can see or hear the words.
Energy loss of a nonaccelerating quark moving through a strongly coupled N = 4 super Yang-Mills vacuum or plasma in strong magnetic field

Using $\mathrm{AdS}/\mathrm{CFT}$ correspondence, we find that a massless quark moving at the speed of light $v=1$, in arbitrary direction, through a strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills (SYM) vacuum at $T=0$, in the presence of strong magnetic field $\mathcal{B}$, loses its energy at a rate linearly dependent on $\mathcal{B}$, i.e., $\frac{dE}{dt}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{\sqrt{\ensuremath{\lambda}}}{6\ensuremath{\pi}}\mathcal{B}$. We also show that a heavy quark of mass $M\ensuremath{\ne}0$ moving at near the speed of light ${v}^{2}={v}_{*}^{2}=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{4{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{T}^{2}}{\mathcal{B}}\ensuremath{\simeq}1$, in arbitrary direction, through a strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM plasma at finite temperature $T\ensuremath{\ne}0$, in the presence of strong magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\gg}{T}^{2}$, loses its energy at a rate linearly dependent on $\mathcal{B}$, i.e., $\frac{dE}{dt}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{\sqrt{\ensuremath{\lambda}}}{6\ensuremath{\pi}}\mathcal{B}{v}_{*}^{2}\ensuremath{\simeq}\ensuremath{-}\frac{\sqrt{\ensuremath{\lambda}}}{6\ensuremath{\pi}}\mathcal{B}$. Moreover, we argue that, in the strong magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\gg}{T}^{2}$ (IR) regime, $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM and adjoint QCD theories (when the adjoint QCD theory has four flavors of Weyl fermions and is at its conformal IR fixed point $\ensuremath{\lambda}={\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{*}$) have the same microscopic degrees of freedom (i.e., gluons and lowest Landau levels of Weyl fermions) even though they have quite different microscopic degrees of freedom in the UV when we consider higher Landau levels. Therefore, in the strong magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\gg}{T}^{2}$ (IR) regime, the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM and adjoint QCD plasmas, as well as the rates of energy loss of a quark moving through the plasmas, should be the same.
Making defense planning meaningful: the evolution of strategic guidance in the Hungarian Ministry of Defense

ABSTRACTHungary, a former communist state, adapted a Western-style defense planning system during the 1990s and 2000s. Although on the surface the elements of this planning system were similar to the planning programming budgeting system (PPBS) developed by the US Department of Defense, strategic guidance for defense planning has not been properly developed until recently. Thus, albeit PPBS-based defense plans were developed in the Hungarian Ministry of Defense (Hungarian MoD) regularly, they lacked both an expression of clear priorities and strategic focus. This article delineates the evolution of strategic guidance in the Hungarian MoD concentrating on current developments, and introduces the newly elaborated analytical concepts and tools, which helped to create needed strategic guidance in Hungary.
Assessment of Genetic Aberrations in Plasma Cells Using a Sequential Morphology (Phenotype)/FISH (Genotype) Approach Significantly Improves the Detection of Residual Disease in Post Treatment Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells. Many MM patients achieve a complete remission by conventional criteria; yet most patients relapse as a consequence of residual disease. Current approaches for the measurement of minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow (BM) are based on morphologic assessment of BM aspirate and biopsy, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, molecular (PCR) studies, conventional cytogenetics (CC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. Morphologic assessment of MRD is often difficult due to the fact that normal plasma cells may also be present in the BM. Genetic factors have emerged as significant prognostic factors in MM; however, CC studies are hampered by the low proliferative nature of the malignant cells. FISH analyses have detected clonal abnormalities of -13/del(13q), 14q32/IGH, del(17p), and hyperdiploidy (+5,+9,+15) in >80% of newly diagnosed MM cases; yet, detection of these abnormalities post treatment by the standard FISH approach has proven to be very difficult in samples with less than 20% BM involvement. PCR-based approaches are sensitive but suffer a critically high false-negative rate. In this study, we investigated 137 post treatment samples collected from 101 MM patients (31 patients with multiple studies), all showing IGH (FR1, 2 and 3) and IGK gene rearrangements (InVivoScribe Technologies, San Diego, CA). T-FISH identified MM aberrations in 123 of 137 (89.8%) samples, a finding significantly higher than the 50/83 (60.2%) positive cases detected by combined molecular IGH and IGK PCR studies (two-sided Fisher’s Exact p IGH in 77 samples, del(13q)/-13 in 48, hyperdiploidy in 37, hypodiploidy in 6, and del(17p) in 4, with 42 samples showing more than one abnormality. Only 10 samples showed clonal karyotypic aberrations by CC; an additional 3 samples showed a “presumed” stemline with only one abnormal cell (9.5%). A comparison with the percentage of plasma cells in the BM smears showed T-FISH detected residual disease in all 48 samples with ≥6 % plasma cells, 14 of 15 hemodilute samples, one smoldering MM sample and 82.2% (60/73) of the samples with 1–5% plasma cells. Our data indicate T-FISH is a quick, universally applicable, and robust assay to quantitate neoplastic plasma cells regardless of treatment status, making it the most sensitive molecular assay currently available to monitor a patient’s clinical course. Furthermore, the T-FISH molecular cytogenetics strategy provides a novel approach to monitor both traditional and targeted therapies in low proliferative malignancies by their underlying genetic abnormalities.
A Bioinformatics Practicum to Develop Student Understanding of Immunological Rejection of Protein Drugs.

Objectives. To design and implement a bioinformatics exercise that applies immunological principles to predicting rejection of protein drugs based upon patient genotype.Design. Doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) students used the Immune Epitope Database, a freely available bioinformatics tool. Over a 2-week laboratory, students interrogated whether a protein drug would be predicted to induce an immune response based upon patient genotype. Results were presented at the last laboratory session, and students completed reports discussing their findings.Assessment. Pre-lab quizzes and a final report were graded. Students answered questionnaires assessing perceived learning gains. To determine the impact on student understanding of immunity against protein drugs, the quality of student data analysis and comparisons to class data were graded. Independent measures of student learning demonstrated that students developed a greater understanding of how patient genotype could contribute to treatment failure with protein dr...
Two Simple and Accurate Approximations for Wet-Bulb Temperature in Moist Conditions, With Forecasting Applications

AbstractThe wet-bulb temperature is a widely used moist thermodynamic variable. The relationship between the wet-bulb temperature, the dry-bulb temperature, and the dewpoint temperature is nonlinea...
Hyperfine structure of the B 3 Π 1 state and predictions of optical cycling behavior in the X →B transition of TlF

The rotational and hyperfine spectrum of the $X{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{1}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}B{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{3}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}}_{1}$ transition in TlF molecules was measured using laser-induced fluorescence from both a thermal and a cryogenic molecular beam. Rotational and hyperfine constants for the $B$ state are obtained. The large magnetic hyperfine interaction of the Tl nuclear spin leads to significant mixing of the lowest $B$ state rotational levels. Updated, more precise measurements of the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}X$ vibrational branching fractions are also presented. The combined rovibrational branching fractions allow for the prediction of the number of photons that can be scattered in a given TlF optical cycling scheme.
Neuropsychological change following individualized cognitive rehabilitation therapy.

Results from a retrospective chart review of thirty-seven patients completing an individualized cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT) program, using a Developmental Metacognitive approach, are reported. Neuropsychological functioning was used as the measure of progress in CRT. Demographic data, number of CRT sessions, and number of months postinjury were used to predict overall improvement in neuropsychological status. Eighty-nine percent of the patients in the CRT program experienced significant change on at least one neuropsychological measure administered. Despite considerable sample diversity, demographic and treatment variables were not predictive of overall neuropsychological change. Individualizing the CRT approach can maximize the chance of improvement in a diverse patient sample.
Only Music Cannot Be Faked

Among the various claims by early Chinese philosophers to hear someone’s de 德 or virtue through their music, the most astonishing statement may be found in the Yue Ji 樂記 (Book of Music): “Only Music cannot be faked” (wei yue bu keyi wei wei 唯樂不可以為偽). While this classic Ru 儒 (Confucian) musical treatise on the development of human excellence in accordance with music is wide-ranging, the aim of this essay is narrow, in that it seeks to interpret this single sentence of the text by way of an explanation of the reciprocal patterning between authentic emotions (qing 情), character, and sound described by the Yue Ji.
Expression of Plastid Genes by the Two RNA Polymerases

Plastid genes are transcribed by two distinct RNA polymerases: the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP) and the nuclear-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (NEP). The genes of the multi-subunit PEP core are encoded by the plastid genome, and are homologous to the eubacterial (E. coli-like) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase α, β and β‘ subunits (1, 2). The σ-like factors required for promoter recog.nition (3, 4) are encoded in the nucleus (5–8). PEP promoters are similar to eubacterial σ70-type promoters: the core is comprised of two hexameric sequences corresponding to the eubacterial -35 (TTGACA) and -10 (TATAAT) promoter elements. The hexamers are spaced 17–19 nucleotides apart; transcription initiates 5–7 nucleotides downstream of the -10 box sequence (1, 2). The catalytic subunit of NEP is related to the mitochondrial and phage T3/T7 RNA polymerases (9, 10). Promoters for the NEP fall in two classes. Type I NEP promoters are contained in ~15 bp upstream (-14 to +1) of the transcription initiation site (+1). Type H NEP promoters are located downstream (-5 to +25), with no sequence conservation between the two (11). NEP recognizes two distinct promoters, therefore it is assumed that the catalytic core associates with additional factor(s) conferring promoter specificity (11). PEP is derived from the RNA polymerase of the ancestral eubacteria-like endosymbionts of plastids. It is assumed that the phage-type plastid RNA polymerase evolved by duplication of the nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial enzyme, and re-targeting of the gene product to plastids (10).
Avoiding Post-Treatment Bias in Audit Experiments

Audit experiments are used to measure discrimination in a large number of domains (Employment: Bertrand et al. (2004); Legislator responsiveness: Butler et al. (2011); Housing: Fang et al. (2018)). Audit studies all have in common that they estimate the average difference in response rates depending on randomly varied characteristics (such as the race or gender) of a requester. Scholars conducting audit experiments often seek to extend their analyses beyond the effect on response to the effects on the quality of the response. Response is a consequence of treatment; answering these important questions well is complicated by post-treatment bias (Montgomery et al., 2018). In this note, I consider a common form of post-treatment bias that occurs in audit experiments.
The Computational Complexity of Elliptic Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, we consider the computational complexity of the class of all procedures for computing a second order accurate approximation (on a square grid) to the solution of a linear, second order elliptic partial differential equation in a square domain. In particular, we present and analyze a new asymptotically optimal procedure for this problem. Moreover, we will show that a preconditioned form of our procedure is well-conditioned.
Analyzing Effects of Public Communication onto Player Behavior in Massively Multiplayer Online Games.

In this preliminary work, we study how public forum communication reflects and shapes virtual world behavior. We find that in-game groups have differential public posting habits; that player behavior is reflected in public communication (in particular, players who attack more are mentioned more in the public forums), and finally that public and personal communications are linked, those who speak together publicly also speak together privately.
Determination of Body Composition by Gamma Spectrometry

The use of whole-body counters to assess the potassium content in the human body is discussed. The paper reviews the basic problems of measuring potassium content of the intact organism, one of the measurement techniques which uses a NaI(Tl) crystal as a detector, and an analysis of the results that were obtained with this counter.
Informal Judgments of Competence and Incompetence

Every clinical decision involves some assessment of the patient’s competence — his capacity to make conscious and reasoned choices in matters relating to his own medical and health care. Competence is central to the moral validity of clinical decisions because competence is a necessary prerequisite to informed consent. Incompetence is a moral warrant for others to take actions they perceive to be in the patient’s best interests even against the patient’s expressed wishes. Precise assessments of competence are essential if patient autonomy is to be fully respected.
The Impact of Supply Chain Disruptions on Organizational Performance: A Literature Review

This chapter examines the effect of supply chain disruptions on organizational performance. We employ a systematic literature review to identify different conceptualizations and theorizations of supply chain disruptions, and to understand how different types of supply chain disruptions affect organizational performance. We later discuss organizational capabilities (resilience enhancers) that can improve an organizational response to supply chain disruptions. Finally, we outline future research directions in supply chain risk management and supply chain resilience.
USE OF TRANSCATHETER PULMONARY VALVE FOR RV-PA CONDUIT DEGENERATION AFTER ROSS PROCEDURE

Ross procedure is a surgical option for congenital aortic valve stenosis in young patients. Overtime, patients may develop RV-PA conduit degeneration with pulmonary regurgitation (PR) needing re-intervention. Re-intervention with transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) is a feasible option. 38M with
Morphometric measurements to predict meniscal size in skeletally mature dogs for meniscal transplantation

Objective To determine a relationship between morphometric measurements (MM) and meniscal dimensions (MD) in the dog. Study design Cadaveric study. Animals Eighteen mixed-breed canine cadavers (22.35 ± 4.06 kg); 36 each of medial and lateral menisci. Methods The following MM were obtained in duplicate: height at scapula, withers, pelvis, rump, and greater trochanter; chest circumference; pelvic circumference; length from occiput to the base of the tail; hock to stifle length (HS); body weight; body condition score; and body fat percentage (BF%). Stifles were disarticulated, and digital photographs of in situ menisci were used to obtain meniscal measurements in duplicate. Morphometric parameters were compared with MD via Pearson correlation (r). A correlation of r ≥ 0.65 was considered strong. Results The strongest correlation was noted between HS and MD, with r = 0.85 for lateral meniscal width, r = 0.77 for medial meniscal length, and r = 0.76 for medial meniscal width. Lateral meniscal length had the strongest correlation with height at rump (HRu) (r = 0.73). Body weight correlated strongly with meniscal width and fairly with meniscal length. Body condition score and BF% correlated weakly with MD. Conclusion Hock to stifle length was an easily obtainable variable and was proportional to MD. Clinical significance Hock to stifle length may be considered by tissue banks and veterinary surgeons as a quick and cost effective screening tool for appropriate meniscal sizing in dogs.
Multiparty Selection

Given a sequence $A$ of $n$ numbers and an integer (target) parameter $1\leq i\leq n$, the (exact) selection problem asks to find the $i$-th smallest element in $A$. An element is said to be $(i,j)$-mediocre if it is neither among the top $i$ nor among the bottom $j$ elements of $S$. The approximate selection problem asks to find a $(i,j)$-mediocre element for some given $i,j$; as such, this variant allows the algorithm to return any element in a prescribed range. In the first part, we revisit the selection problem in the two-party model introduced by Andrew Yao (1979) and then extend our study of exact selection to the multiparty model. In the second part, we deduce some communication complexity benefits that arise in approximate selection. In particular, we present a deterministic protocol for finding an approximate median among $k$ players.
Mapping protein-polymer conformations in bioconjugates with atomic precision.

Rational design of protein–polymer bioconjugates is hindered by limited experimental data and mechanistic understanding on interactions between the two. In this communication, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) reports on distances between paramagnetic spin labels and NMR active nuclei, informing on the conformation of conjugated polymers. 1H/15N-heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectra were collected for ubiquitin (Ub) modified with block copolymers incorporating spin labels at different positions along their backbone. The resultant PRE data show that the conjugated polymers have conformations biased towards the nonpolar β-sheet face of Ub, rather than behaving as if in solution. The bioconjugates are stabilized against denaturation by guanidine-hydrochloride, as measured by circular dichroism (CD), and this stabilization is attributed to the interaction between the protein and conjugated polymer.
The Future of Rivalry Research and Promotion: A Call to Action

This chapter discusses the future of research on rivalry ways the phenomenon can be promoted in a way that engages fans without encouraging deviant behavior and violence. In particular, the chapter acts as a call to action for academics to further our collective understanding of rivalry to help explain the human condition. Further, discussion also focuses on potential ideas and practices that can help practitioners promote rivalry in a responsible way. For example, practitioners are presented with ideas to engage with multiple fan identities, promote similarities among rival fans, develop and promote new rivalries responsibly, and engage youth in education about the phenomenon.
Remdesivir Use Compared With Supportive Care in Hospitalized Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Single-Center Experience.

Background The US Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization for remdesivir use in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods We utilized data from 2 quaternary acute care hospitals. The outcomes of interest were the impact of remdesivir on in-hospital death by day 28 and time to recovery, clinical improvement, and discharge. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models and stratified log-rank tests. Results Two hundred twenty-four patients were included in the study. The median age was 59 years; 67.0% were male; 17/125 patients (13.6%) who received supportive care and 7/99 patients (7.1%) who received remdesivir died. The unadjusted risk for 28-day in-hospital death was lower for patients who received remdesivir compared with patients who received supportive care (hazard ratio [HR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.16-1.08). Although this trend remained the same after adjusting for age, sex, race, and oxygen requirements on admission (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.19-1.28), as well as chronic comorbidities and use of corticosteroids (aHR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.16-1.23), it did not reach statistical significance. The use of remdesivir was not associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) or liver test abnormalities. Although not statistically significant, the rate ratios for time to recovery, clinical improvement, and discharge were higher in women and black or African American patients. Conclusions Patients on remdesivir had lower, albeit not significant, all-cause in-hospital mortality, and the use of remdesivir did not increase the risk for AKI. Promising signals from this study need to be confirmed by future placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome or Catatonia? A Case Report

Introduction A review of the literature has shown that there are many similarities in the presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and catatonia. Attempts to reconcile the differences have been made by suggesting that NMS and catatonia may represent different presentations of the same illness or that they lie within the same spectrum of a poorly understood clinical syndrome. The described case is of a patient who presented with NMS and catatonia which was difficult to diagnose, but which responded to treatment with intravenous diazepam. Case presentation The case concerns a 22-year-old male admitted for pulmonary hypertension to an intensive care unit (ICU). Three days following admission, he developed a high fever that did not respond to antibiotics. The patient then developed rigidity, nocturnal agitation, decreased responsiveness, and somnolence. Without the use of bromocriptine (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) or dantrolene (Par Pharmaceuticals, Chestnut Ridge, USA) discontinuation of neuroleptics combined with intravenous diazepam (Pfizer, NY, USA) led to a very rapid response and marked improvement in the case. Conclusions Early recognition and management of NMS and MC in a complex, gravely ill patient, may be accomplished in the ICU despite obfuscation of traditional signs and symptoms of the NMS and MC syndrome. Such interventions can have life-saving effects on patients in danger of fatal autonomic instability.
Free At Last! Anti-Subordination and the Thirteenth Amendment

For many people, the highlight of the inauguration of the first Black president of the United States was Aretha Franklin’s rendition of the song, 'My Country ‘Tis of Thee.' The song evoked memories of the Civil Rights movement in the United States, through which thousands of activists fought for freedom and equality in our society. Yet notwithstanding the powerful symbolism that liberty has in the American psyche, liberty was largely absent from the legal reforms that originated from that movement. In the second half of the Twentieth Century, our civil rights law was based entirely in the Equal Protection Clause and its promise of formal equality. People of color and women of every race have made significant advances under the Equal Protection model of equality, but they continue to lag behind whites and men under virtually every economic index. This paper argues for an alternative model of equality, an anti-subordination model, which allows decision-makers to focus on the material conditions that contribute to inequality in our society, and to remedy those conditions. That model can be found in another Reconstruction Amendment, the Thirteenth Amendment, which empowers Congress to remedy racial and economic subordination in order to further the belonging of outsiders in our society. This paper considers the abolitionist roots of the Thirteenth Amendment to aid in an understanding of its potential, and analyzes the congressional debates enacting and enforcing that Amendment. The paper focuses on congressional debates because the Court is highly deferential to Congress in this arena, and because the Reconstruction Congress expected Congress to play the leading role in shaping the meaning of the Amendment’s promise of freedom and equality. It concludes by presenting examples of means by which a Twenty-First Century Congress could re-shape the meaning of 'equality' and 'liberty' to enact measures that will effectively address the subordination of people of color, and women of all races, in our society.
Iron Deficiency Anemia as a Rare Risk Factor for Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Vein Thrombosis

Iron deficiency is a well-known cause of anemia. However, it is an under-recognized cause of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Iron deficiency predisposes to VTE mainly by inducing thrombocytosis, which can lead to a hypercoagulable state. Identifying iron deficiency as a possible cause of thromboembolic phenomena has clinical significance since this is a potentially avoidable risk factor. This case report serves as a reminder that iron deficiency is an important risk factor for VTE that should be considered in the evaluation of patients. This is particularly true in patients like ours who have recurrent venous thromboembolic disease.
Literature Review of Type 2 Diabetes Management and Health Literacy

Objective The purpose of this literature review was to identify educational approaches addressing low health literacy for people with type 2 diabetes. Low health literacy can lead to poor management of diabetes, low engagement with health care providers, increased hospitalization rates, and higher health care costs. These challenges can be even more profound among minority populations and non-English speakers in the United States. Methods A literature search and standard data extraction were performed using PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases. A total of 1,914 articles were identified, of which 1,858 were excluded based on the inclusion criteria, and 46 were excluded because of a lack of relevance to both diabetes management and health literacy. The remaining 10 articles were reviewed in detail. Results Patients, including ethnic minorities and non-English speakers, who are engaged in diabetes education and health literacy improvement initiatives and ongoing follow-up showed significant improvement in A1C, medication adherence, medication knowledge, and treatment satisfaction. Clinicians considering implementing new interventions to address diabetes care for patients with low health literacy can use culturally tailored approaches, consider ways to create materials for different learning styles and in different languages, engage community health workers and pharmacists to help with patient education, use patient-centered medication labels, and engage instructors who share cultural and linguistic similarities with patients to provide educational sessions. Conclusion This literature review identified a variety of interventions that had a positive impact on provider-patient communication, medication adherence, and glycemic control by promoting diabetes self-management through educational efforts to address low health literacy.
Harris’s Holism and Contemporary Analogues

In this chapter the principles of Harris’s holism are presented and compared with contemporary theses from a range of fields. Here, the aim is to demonstrate that Bohm’s implicate order and enactivism rely upon the same concepts of dialectical relations, holism, and process ontology as Harris’s system. I argue that within Harris’s metaphysical framework, a symbiotic merging of these camps holds significant theoretical promise for a transdisciplinary paradigm shift. The aim of Sect. 2.2 is to introduce Harris’s conceptions of internal relations, scale of forms, and the Concrete Universal. Using these terms, Harris’s epistemology and approach to the problem of consciousness are outlined. In Sect. 2.3, the theories of autopoiesis and embodiment are introduced under the enactivist paradigm, which is the closest contemporary position to Harris’s theories of life and mind. In Sect. 2.4, David Bohm’s implicate order is introduced as a quantum mechanical theory partially anticipated by Harris and consistent with enactivist theories of mind. In Sect. 2.5, a synthesis of these three camps is proposed, which sets the course for the following chapters.