cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Duration and Peak Candlepower of Some Electronic Flashlamps

It is pointed out that the trend of modern electronic flash equipment is toward longer flash duration. After proposing a method of defining duration, an approximate method of calculating duration is given, together with resistance constants of commonly available flashtubes. Some information is given regarding the production of short flashes of light in the microsecond and submicrosecond range.
Antifungal medications or disinfectants for denture stomatitis.

DATA SOURCES The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline and Embase databases and reference lists of identified articles were searched with no language restriction. STUDY SELECTION Randomised controlled trials that compared the efficacy of antifungal medications with other treatments of denture-related erythematous stomatitis in adults wearing conventional acrylic removable complete dentures were included. Trials of seven days or fewer were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Study assessment and data extraction were carried out independently by at least two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane methodology. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated to compare results across studies using a random effects model. RESULTS Fourteen randomised controlled trials were included in the review, with eight studies contributing to the meta-analysis. No statistically significant difference between antifungal treatment and disinfection methods was found for both clinical and microbiological outcomes. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference between an antifungal and a placebo for the microbiological outcome (OR=0.32; 95% CI: 0.12-0.89; Z=-2.2; p=0.028), favouring the antifungals. There was no statistically significant difference between antifungal and placebo for the clinical outcome (OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.04-1.04; Z=-1.9; p=0.056). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review and meta-analysis suggest that disinfection methods could be considered as an adjunct or alternative to antifungal medications in the treatment of denture stomatitis.
Costly third-party punishment in young children

Human adults engage in costly third-party punishment of unfair behavior, but the developmental origins of this behavior are unknown. Here we investigate costly third-party punishment in 5- and 6-year-old children. Participants were asked to accept (enact) or reject (punish) proposed allocations of resources between a pair of absent, anonymous children. In addition, we manipulated whether subjects had to pay a cost to punish proposed allocations. Experiment 1 showed that 6-year-olds (but not 5-year-olds) punished unfair proposals more than fair proposals. However, children punished less when doing so was personally costly. Thus, while sensitive to cost, they were willing to sacrifice resources to intervene against unfairness. Experiment 2 showed that 6-year-olds were less sensitive to unequal allocations when they resulted from selfishness than generosity. These findings show that costly third-party punishment of unfair behavior is present in young children, suggesting that from early in development children show a sophisticated capacity to promote fair behavior.
IC analyses including extracted inductance models

IC inductance extraction generally produces either port inductances based on simplified current path assumptions or a complete partial inductance matrix. Combining either of these results with the IC interconnect resistance and capacitance models significantly complicates most IC design and verification methodologies. In this tutorial paper we will review some of the analysis and verification problems associated with on-chip inductance, and present a subset of recent results for partially addressing the challenges which lie ahead.
Cassini imaging of Saturn's rings. II. A wavelet technique for analysis of density waves and other radial structure in the rings

We describe a powerful signal processing method, the continuous wavelet transform, and use it to analyze radial structure in Cassini ISS images of Saturn’s rings. Wavelet analysis locally separates signal components in frequency space, causing many structures to become evident that are difficult to observe with the naked eye. Density waves, generated at resonances with saturnian satellites orbiting outside (or within) the rings, are particularly amenable to such analysis. We identify a number of previously unobserved weak waves, and demonstrate the wavelet transform’s ability to isolate multiple waves superimposed on top of one another. We also present two wave-like structures that we are unable to conclusively identify. In a multi-step semi-automated process, we recover four parameters from clearly observed weak spiral density waves: the local ring surface density, the local ring viscosity, the precise resonance location (useful for pointing images, and potentially for refining saturnian astrometry), and the wave amplitude (potentially providing new constraints upon the masses of the perturbing moons). Our derived surface densities have less scatter than previous measurements that were derived from stronger non-linear waves, and suggest a gentle linear increase in surface density from the inner to the mid-A Ring. We show that ring viscosity consistently increases from the Cassini Division outward to the Encke Gap. Meaningful upper limits on ring thickness can be placed on the Cassini Division (3.0 m at r ∼ 118,800 km, 4.5 m at r ∼ 120,700 km) and the inner A Ring (10–15 m for r< 127,000 km).
IMPREGNATED SEMICONDUCTOR SCINTILLATOR

A semiconductor scintillation-type gamma radiation detector is discussed in which the gamma-ray absorbing semiconductor body is impregnated with multiple small direct-gap semiconductor inclusions of bandgap slightly narrower than that of the body. If the typical distance between them is smaller than the diffusion length of carriers in the body material, the photo-generated electrons and holes will recombine inside the impregnations and produce scintillating radiation to which the wide-gap body is essentially transparent. In this way it is possible to implement a semiconductor scintillator of linear dimensions exceeding 10 cm.
Yvette Richards, Maida Springer: Pan-Africanist and International Labor Leader. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000. 336 pp. $29.95. cloth.

Ever so often there are individuals who, if they have the good fortune to live long enough, can be witnesses to and participants in major historical passages. Such is the case of the ninety-three year old (at the time of this writing) African American labor activist and pan-Africanist, Maida Springer. If Springer's name is not well known outside those circles, Yevette Richards's most informative biography will go a long way toward rectifying the oversight.
Corpus callosum: Demasculinization via perinatal anti-androgen

The male rat's corpus callosum is significantly larger than the female's. This dimorphism depends in part on the early presence of testosterone, since postnatal administration of testosterone to female pups enlarges their callosa in adulthood to the size of males. However, castrating males on day 1 is ineffective in reducing (demasculinizing) the size of their callosa as adults. We then addressed the question as to whether testosterone acts prior to day 1 to enlarge the callosa of males. To investigate this hypothesis pregnant rats were administered a non-steroidal androgen blocker, flutamide, during the last 5 days of pregnancy, while controls received vehicle only. Male pups from flutamide litters were castrated on day 3 to prevent postnatal recovery following clearance of flutamide, while others received sham surgery. Callosal sex differences were found between males and females of control litters, but not between males and females from flutamide litters. The absence of sex effects among flutamide litters was a consequence of small callosal size in flutamide-castrated males as compared to control males. We concluded that the prenatal production of testosterone in the male rat pup contributes to sexual dimorphism in the callosa of adult rats.
Reply from Hong‐Sheng Wang

This is a response to the letter entitled ‘Dynamic clamp in cardiac electrophysiology’ regarding our recent article in The Journal of Physiology (Sun & Wang, 2005). In the letter, the author took issue with our statement regarding the history of the dynamic clamp technique and its application in cardiac studies. We would like to thank the author for pointing out the interesting history of the dynamic clamp, and we regret failing to cite in our article some of the pioneering works using this or similar techniques. We appreciate that the author brought to light a work by Scott in a 1979 PhD thesis, which may push the time of the developement of this technique by some 14 years from what is now commonly cited (Dorval et al. 2001; Prinz et al. 2004). In the article, we were simply pointing out that the technique has not been widely used in cardiac studies, a view that is not inconsistent with the handful of papers cited in the letter.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES UPDATE

STDs have worldwide distribution and result in immense social and economic cost. Knowledge of the clinical signs, symptoms, current clinical tests, and treatment recommendations is important for all health care professionals.
Green's function analysis of Lamb wave resonators

We have extended the K-model, a Green's function model previously developed for the precise simulation of surface acoustic wave (SAW) device at radio frequencies (RF), to the computation of Lamb wave resonators (LWR). The effective permittivity for Lamb wave excitation on thin aluminum nitride plates with different electrode configurations is compared. The results of the electromechanical coupling coefficient k2 computed from the effective permittivity agree closely with the classical approximation based on the open and shorted velocities v0 and vm. Although a backside metallization increases the value of k2 the frequency spacing of resonance and anti-resonance is reduced due to capacitive feedthrough through the bottom electrode. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the model to predict the numerous spurious modes that are excited with low-electrode-count interdigital transducers (IDT).
Real-time all-optical performance monitoring using optical bit-shape correlation

A new optical performance monitoring technique of an optical link in real time is experimentally demonstrated. Rather than comparing bit streams or analyzing eye diagrams, we use a novel optical correlator to compare the shapes of the individual received bits to a standard. The all-optical correlator outputs a pulse whose strength directly measures the degradation of the bit during transmission. Results are produced within three bit periods in real time instead of requiring statistical analysis of long data streams. The correlator is based on a simplified White cell-based true-time delay device.
Hybrid discrete ordinates—spherical harmonics solution to the Boltzmann Transport Equation for phonons for non-equilibrium heat conduction

The Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for phonons has found prolific use for the prediction of non-equilibrium heat conduction phenomena in semiconductor materials. This article presents a new hybrid formulation and associated numerical procedures for solution of the BTE for phonons. In this formulation, the phonon intensity is first split into two components: ballistic and diffusive. The governing equation for the ballistic component is solved using two different established methods that are appropriate for use in complex geometries, namely the discrete ordinates method (DOM), and the control angle discrete ordinates method (CADOM). The diffusive component, on the other hand, is determined by invoking the first-order spherical harmonics (or P1) approximation, which results in a Helmholtz equation with Robin boundary conditions. Both governing equations, referred to commonly as the ballistic-diffusive equations (BDE), are solved using the unstructured finite-volume procedure. Results of the hybrid method are compared against benchmark Monte Carlo results, as well as solutions of the BTE using standalone DOM and CADOM for two two-dimensional transient heat conduction problems at various Knudsen numbers. Subsequently, the method is explored for a large-scale three-dimensional geometry in order to assess convergence and computational cost. It is found that the proposed hybrid method is accurate at all Knudsen numbers. From an efficiency standpoint, the hybrid method is found to be superior to direct solution of the BTE both for steady state as well as for unsteady non-equilibrium heat conduction calculations with the computational gains increasing with increase in problem size.
Meaning-making across remote sites: how delays in transmission affect interaction

Distributed organizations increasingly rely on new videosupported communication technologies that may be subject to transmission delays. These delays systematically misalign the feedback one side receives from the other. Through microanalysis of video data from a video-supported meeting in a geographically distributed company, we examine the impact of delay in such communication systems. We specify some ways in which they may subliminally affect communication between remote parties. We illustrate typical kinds of breakdown and conclude with observations about the impact of delays on distributed interaction and the ways in which these impacts can be mediated.
A forgotten discipline

Scientific disciplines rise and fall in popularity, but few subjects have suffered such a swift decline as has befallen spherical trigonometry over the past century. For most of the past two millennia, spherical trigonometry played an essential role within astronomical and navigational science and until the mid-twentieth century, it formed a significant part of high school mathematical curricula alongside plane trigonometry. Suddenly, in the 1950s and 1960s, spherical trigonometry dropped out of the teaching of mathematics. Most students today barely know that the subject exists at all and would be shocked to know of the existence of triangles whose angles add up to more than 180 degrees. Van Brummelen’s book is an attempt to introduce spherical trigonometry to an audience of mathematicians and mathematically educated individuals interested in this forgotten subject. Van Brummelen begins his book with a simple introduction to some of the concepts of spherical trigonometry and a discussion of the celestial sphere (which provides the context for most practical uses of spherical trigonometry). He then discusses ancient and medieval investigations into spherical trigonometry, showing how the basic spherical trigonometrical relationships were derived. In the final part of the book, van Brummelen presents some of the main applications of spherical trigonometry including stereographic projection for map-making and the use of star positions in navigation. Van Brummelen writes with a beautifully light style, drawing the reader into the mathematical puzzles and providing clear explanations of the mathematical arguments and proofs. He rightly eschews footnotes and references and other scholarly apparatus as a distraction, limiting himself to a few suggestions for further reading at the end of the book. At the end of each chapter, van Brummelen sets a number of exercises for the reader who wants to explore the mathematics further.
Maximal Parenteral Glucose Oxidation in Hypermetabolic Young Children: A Stable Isotope Study

Background: During periods in which nutrition support of critically ill young children must be parenteral, glucose infusions are administered at up to 10 or more mg · kg-1 · min-1 to meet predicted energy needs. However, data in adults suggest that such high glucose loads exceed the ability to oxidize glucose in the hormonal milieu that characterizes critical illness. The purpose of this study was to determine if these high glucose loads are oxidized by critically ill young children. Methods: Ten young children with serious burns were enrolled in a stable isotope study of glucose metabolism. These five boys and five girls were an average age of 5.2 years (range, 1 to 11 years), weight of 18.4 kg (range, 10 to 31 kg) and burn size of 51.6% of the body surface (range, 35% to 86%). During clinically required episodes of parenteral nutrition support, we used the [13C6]glucose tracer to assess the efficacy of glucose oxidation at both 5 and 8 mg · kg-1 · min-1. Serum glucose was recorded and indirect calorimet...
Decomposition of noise sources in recording applications using symbol-rate readback samples

Noise in recording applications is often modeled as a combination of additive noise and medium noise. In addition to the total noise power, the nature of the different noise processes and their relative contributions to the total noise affect detection performance. Two methods for noise decomposition that are based on symbol-rate readback samples of arbitrary channel input sequences are presented. They rely on the estimation of the variance of an ensemble of noise samples as a function of sample index, and its cross correlation with the input data sequence. Performance is assessed by using well-established models of the magnetic recording channel.
Do Children Have a Right to Play

(2007). Do Children Have a Right to Play? Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 135-146.
α5β1 Integrin Controls Cyclin D1 Expression by Sustaining Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activity in Growth Factor-treated Cells

Cyclin D1 expression is jointly regulated by growth factors and cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix in many cell types. Growth factors are thought to regulate cyclin D1 expression because they stimulate sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. However, we show here that growth factors induce transient ERK activity when added to suspended fibroblasts and sustained ERK activity only when added to adherent fibroblasts. Cell attachment to fibronectin or anti-alpha5beta1 integrin is sufficient to sustain the ERK signal and to induce cyclin D1 in growth factor-treated cells. Moreover, when we force the sustained activation of ERK, by conditional expression of a constitutively active MAP kinase/ERK kinase, we overcome the adhesion requirement for expression of cyclin D1. Thus, at least in part, fibroblasts are mitogen and anchorage dependent, because integrin action allows for a sustained ERK signal and the expression of cyclin D1 in growth factor-treated cells.
Fiber optic experiments for electrical/optical engineering technology laboratories

Besides being the premier telecommunications medium, optical fibers now are finding increasing applications in feedback and control systems, discrete, integrated and distributed sensor networks, medical, industrial, illumination, and imaging applications. The increasing diversity of fiber applications suggests that conventional communications courses in fiber optics require augmentation so that students learn a wider range of applications of fiber technology. A fiber optic systems and applications course designed for both electronics and optical engineering technologists has been created at the Oregon Institute of Technology, in the Laser Optical Engineering Technology Department. The course is designed to illustrate the benefits of using fibers in communications and sensing, as well as to provide hands-on exposure to concepts of test, measurement, and calibration of fiber-optic components and instrumentation. The laboratory course consists of 5 lab stations: (1) optical fiber attenuation and it's impact on bit error rate, (2) wavelength division multiplexing, (3) the fiber optic gyroscope, (4) test, measurement, and calibration, and, (5) wavelength shifting of a thermoelectrically cooled diode laser. The 10 week course barely scratches the surface of optical fiber technology and applications. Additional experiments and courses may be developed, further exploring the range of fiber technology and applications.
Computational experimentations in market and supply-chain co-design: a mixed agent approach

The synthetic environment for analysis and simulations (SEAS) is a computational experimentation environment that mimics real life economies, with multiple interlinked markets, multiple goods and services, multiple firms and channels and multiple consumers, all built from the ground up. It is populated with human agents who make strategically complex decisions and artificial agents who make simple but detail intensive decisions. These agents can be calibrated with real data and allowed to make the same decisions in this synthetic economy as their real life counterparts. The resulting outcomes can be surprisingly accurate. This paper discusses the research in this area and goes on to detail the architecture of SEAS. It also presents a detailed case study of market and supply-chain co-design for business-to-business e-commerce in the PC industry.
Liberating Genocide: An Activist Concept and Historical Understanding

From the outset, historians of genocide have seen themselves as activists. Among historians of colonial societies that is what distinguishes them most in relation to indigenous peoples. An ethnographic sensibility should be visible in any such study, and the more so when a question of genocide is raised. After all, if we do not have a sense of difference between peoples we fail the test of genocide at the first hurdle. And if we do not have an ethnographic sensibility towards our own cultures (including academic cultures) we will fail to make the most of our role in affecting deeply ingrained kinds of historical consciousness. Examples from Australia make this painfully plain. Is there any chance of opening a bridge between the completely different worlds of those who profited from genocide and those who suffered for it? How can that cause be advanced inside and outside the academy? We are thriving as a sub-discipline, but where to from here? Liberating genocide into a wider discourse may be the way to connect the adventure of ethnographic history, the conceptual illumination of episodes, to the vast field of global relations the understanding of colonialism requires.
Leafy Spurge Genomics: A Model Perennial Weed to Investigate Development, Stress Responses, and Invasiveness

Leafy spurge is wild flower native to Europe that has become an invasive perennial weed in the northern great plains of the USA and Canada. Leafy spurge primarily infests range and recreation lands and costs US land managers millions dollars annually. In its invaded range, leafy spurge can form vast monocultures that significantly impact native flora and fauna and has been attributed to reduced populations of endangered species such as the prairie fringed orchid. Leafy spurge has remarkable plasticity and can persist under environmental extremes—primarily due to the formation of hundreds of underground adventitious buds that can form on its extensive and deep root system. We have developed genomics-based tools to assist our investigations related to vegetative production from these underground buds, as well as its responses to stress, and the potential mechanisms leading to the invasiveness of leafy spurge. Towards these ends, we have utilized Sanger-based sequencing to develop EST-databases from leafy spurge and cassava (a related species) transcriptomes, and developed ~23,000 element cDNA microarrays representing all of the unigenes identified in these databases. Additionally, numerous cDNA libraries and genomic libraries have been developed including bacterial artificial chromosome libraries useful for identifying and characterizing promoters of differentially expressed genes. Finally, to enhance our ability to identify promoter sequences and transcription factors involved in vegetative production, stress responses, and invasiveness, we have incorporated next generation sequencing approaches to fully sequence the leafy spurge genome. Using global transcriptome profiles, next generation sequencing, bioinformatics programs has provided insights into molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways that make leafy spurge a particularly invasive and difficult weed to control.
Lanthana-bearing nanostructured ferritic steels via spark plasma sintering

Abstract A lanthana-containing nanostructured ferritic steel (NFS) was processed via mechanical alloying (MA) of Fe-14Cr-1Ti-0.3Mo-0.5La2O3 (wt.%) and consolidated via spark plasma sintering (SPS). In order to study the consolidation behavior via SPS, sintering temperature and dwell time were correlated with microstructure, density, microhardness and shear yield strength of the sintered specimens. A bimodal grain size distribution including both micron-sized and nano-sized grains was observed in the microstructure of specimens sintered at 850, 950 and1050 °C for 45 min. Significant densification occurred at temperatures greater than 950 °C with a relative density higher than 98%. A variety of nanoparticles, some enriched in Fe and Cr oxides and copious nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm with faceted morphology and enriched in La and Ti oxides were observed. After SPS at 950 °C, the number density of Cr–Ti–La–O-enriched nanoclusters with an average radius of 1.5 nm was estimated to be 1.2 × 1024 m−3. The La + Ti:O ratio was close to 1 after SPS at 950 and 1050 °C; however, the number density of nanoclusters decreased at 1050 °C. With SPS above 950 °C, the density improved but the microhardness and shear yield strength decreased due to partial coarsening of the grains and nanoparticles.
Assessing Relevant Lessons from the Soviet Experience in Afghanistan

Former highly classified documents and records chronicling the internal communications and discourse of the Soviet Politburo reveal important insights into how senior leaders in the Soviet Union assessed the evolving situation in Afghanistan from events leading up to the 1979 invasion and its protracted occupation, through the withdrawal of Soviet forces in 1989, and for the nearly three additional years of support to the Soviet installed Afghan government left behind. We use structured, focused comparison methodology to systematically extract relevant findings and lessons from this archive that can inform policy makers dealing with comparable issues and challenges. This methodology draws on organization theory and incorporates discourse analysis techniques to compensate for potential limitations of this primary source archive. Our analysis of this largely unexploited repository of data provides a number of important conclusions and lessons learned as expressed by the Soviet leaders themselves. Highlights of these include: 1) The failure to gain popular support and establish control in rural areas where the majority of the population resided made any military gains virtually inconsequential; 2) cross border support for the insurgency from Pakistan significantly challenged the Soviet’s ability to achieve its objectives in Afghanistan; 3) the lofty ideological goals and objectives Soviet leaders initially maintained for Afghanistan gradually digressed to mere regime survival over the course of ten years of fighting; 4) a stable Afghan government was believed to be possible but only if based on traditional Afghan authority structures that included significant regional autonomy - not a foreign system of government; 5) Soviet strategic planning, preparations and massive aid sustained the Afghan government and its security forces beyond the withdrawal of troops and even past the dissolution of the USSR; 6) the USSR’s collapse ended the aid and greatly weakened the Afghan state, but it was the intra-governmental strife and unreliable deals with insurgents that ultimately led to the failure of the Afghan government following the departure of Soviet troops. Many stark contrasts and important distinctions exist between the Soviet experience in Afghanistan and that of the US led coalition that invaded thirty years later. However, important insights and lessons gleaned from this structured analysis of how Soviet leaders interpreted their challenges in Afghanistan are relevant to the current situation faced by the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) as well as the fledgling Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GIRoA) and can help inform policy going forward.
Genetics and coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the single leading cause of death in America, accounting for about one of every five deaths [1]. Family history of premature parental CHD is associated with a twofold increased risk of cardiovascular disease, making it vital that providers know their patients’ histories. For patients who do not know their family history, genetic testing is being considered as a means to someday fill this gap and will also increase the focus on prevention, provide better diagnostics, and help direct treatment options. This chapter summarizes findings about genes associated with CHD and raises practical and ethical issues that need to be addressed as this field of genetics evolves and before genetic testing at clinics becomes commonplace.
Nuclear m6A Reader YTHDC1 Regulates mRNA Splicing

N 6 -Methyladenosine (m 6 A) is emerging as a chemical mark that broadly affects the flow of genetic information in various biological processes in eukaryotes. Recently, Xiao et al. reported that the nuclear m 6 A reader protein YTHDC1 impacts mRNA splicing, providing a transcriptome-wide glance of splicing changes affected by this mRNA methylation reader protein.
Deep Reflection on "the End of Art" and "Aesthetic Life"

There is an inner theoretical continuity between the End of Art and Aesthetic Life,for they both are built on a spiritual attitude toward life,adopting Hegel's philosophy as the theoretical headstream.It aims at a deep reflection on the concept of life,a good command of its philosophical connotation,an end to the End of Art and prerequisites for further development of aesthetic life.
Cytogenetic analysis and its clinical significance in childhood acute leukemia

Objective To study the cytogenetic features and the clinical significance in childhood acute leukemia(AL) Methods Cytogenetic analyses were performed in 87 children with AL Results Chromosome aberrations were identified in 62% of AL cases Chromosome translocations were specifically associated with AL subtypes The complete remission rates of AL were significantly higher in patients with the normal karyotype than patients with the abnormal karyotype ( P 0 05) Patients with the normal karyotype, ultratwiceploid and t(15;17) showed the best therapeutic effect, while patients with the abnormal karyotype,t(9;22),t(4;11)and t(8;21) manifested the poor therapeutic effect It might be a sign of relapse that the abnormal karyotype persisted during the period of AL remission Conclusion Cytogentic analysis in children with AL was significant in diagnosis, classification, treatment as well as evaluation of prognosis
‘Joy’s Grape’: Keats, Comus, and Paradise Lost IX

Keats’s early familiarity with disease and death, his grim work as a dresser at Guy’s Hospital, and his ease with the facts of pharmacy and medicine gave him a constant awareness of the precariousness of human lives and of mental stability.1 He knew in others and in himself the desire to escape pain and to submerge consciousness as well as to intensify it and expand the brief sensations of life. Real experience insistently drove him to this double awareness of intense sorrow pulsing at the centre of intense joy. But real experience was also filtered through the language of previous poetry, particularly Milton’s Paradise Lost, Book IX, where Milton conveys the moment of death-in-life and life-in-death, which is for him the Fall.
Transition-Tempered Metadynamics Is a Promising Tool for Studying the Permeation of Drug-like Molecules through Membranes

Metadynamics is an important enhanced sampling technique in molecular dynamics simulation to efficiently explore potential energy surfaces. The recently developed transition-tempered metadynamics (TTMetaD) has been proven to converge asymptotically without sacrificing exploration of the collective variable space in the early stages of simulations, unlike other convergent metadynamics (MetaD) methods. We have applied TTMetaD to study the permeation of drug-like molecules through a lipid bilayer to further investigate the usefulness of this method as applied to problems of relevance to medicinal chemistry. First, ethanol permeation through a lipid bilayer was studied to compare TTMetaD with nontempered metadynamics and well-tempered metadynamics. The bias energies computed from various metadynamics simulations were compared to the potential of mean force calculated from umbrella sampling. Though all of the MetaD simulations agree with one another asymptotically, TTMetaD is able to predict the most accurate ...
Modern Stereotactic Management of Arteriovenous Malformations

The authors report the multimodality stereotactic and neuroradiologic management of a series of 500 patients with vascular malformations treated at a single center during a 6.5-year interval. Patients selected for stereotactic radiosurgery or embolization undergo evaluation of the volume and location of their brain vascular malformation and the potential risks and benefits of alternative treatment strategies. Patients with small arteriovenous malformations (AVMs; Spetzler-Martin grade I-III) have a greater than 80% chance of total AVM obliteration within 3 years of radiosurgery, and sustain a risk of less than 5% of additional new neurological deficits caused by radiation- related complications or hemorrhage during the latency interval. Patients remain at risk of rehemorrhage after radiosurgery for at least the first year, but the risk thereafter may be significantly less than that predicted by natural history studies. The risk of complications is greater in patients with AVMs in deep locations or in areas of critical brain function. Multimodality management is frequently necessary in larger vascular malformations (Spetzler grade IV–V) in which one or more embolization procedures are required to achieve AVM volume reduction, followed by one or more stages of stereotactic radiosurgery to obliterate the AVM. The results of these strategies suggest that stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective alternative management strategy for vascular malformations for those patients who are unwilling or unable to undergo microsurgical removal. Most patients with brain AVMs require treatment.
Sex Differences in Suicide-Related Symptoms in a Large Military Sample.

ABSTRACTLittle research has focused on suicide-related symptoms in female servicemembers, despite high rates of suicidal behaviors. This study examined sex differences in suicide-related risk factors in 3,374 U.S. Army Recruiters (91.9% male). Female servicemembers had a greater number of past major depressive and suicidal ideation episodes than did male servicemembers; there were no differences in suicide attempt histories or mental health visits. Female servicemembers reported significantly fewer symptoms of current suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability. No significant sex differences emerged for thwarted belongingness, insomnia, or agitation. Our findings provide evidence for sex differences in rates of suicide-related symptoms among military personnel.
Teach Astronomy A Comprehensive Online Astronomy Education and Outreach Resource

A web site called Teach Astronomy (http://www.teachastronomy.com) has been created to serve astronomy instructors and their students, amateur astronomers, and members of the general public interested in astronomy. The content includes astronomy articles from an introductory level textbook and from the online resource Wikipedia, short video clips, astronomical images, podcasts, and recent news stories. This article describes the technology behind the delivery of those learning resources, which is relevant to the capabilities and limitations of the web site. One key innovation is the Wikimap, a Flash-based tool that presents the visual results of a real-time clustering analysis of hundreds or thousands of text items, displaying the item that best matches the search term and most closely related items. The clustering is carried out in a Lucene index, and it can operate on any database containing items of text. The astronomy content is routinely updated, in some cases daily. Due to the prevalence of smartphones, tablets, and other handheld devices, a simplified non-graphical version of the interface was developed using custom style sheets. Teach Astronomy has a large following of students taking introductory astronomy classes and members of the public with a recreational interest in astronomy. In the past year, there have been 250,000 unique visitors. Currently we are developing a new interface that uses HTML5 instead of Flash to display the Wikimap, an app version of the website for use on smartphones and tablets, and tool to support an instructor and learner community.
Gathering Information on Spirituality: From Whose Perspective?

This column is concerned with research about spirituality. A cursory overview of the concept of spirituality will be presented followed by a discussion concerning the issues that arise when gathering information about the concept using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Finally, the use of the Parse research methodology will be offered as an alternative.
Der Algorithmus der besten Basis

Kann man die Basis zur Darstellung eines Signals auswahlen, so wird man nach Moglichkeit die nach einem gewissen Kriterium beste Basis suchen. Ist der Algorithmus zur Auswahl der Basis nicht zu aufwendig, so kann man jedem Signal eine eigene adaptive Basis zuordnen, die sogenannte Basis der adaptiven Wellenformen. Die ausgewahlte Basis enthalt dann wesentliche Information uber das Signal; die ausgewahlten Wellenformen sind dem Signal angepast. Ist die Basis effizient zu beschreiben, so kann man dies als Kompression der Information auffassen.
Regional Approach to Making Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Decisions for Corn

Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the largest input costs for growing corn. Across the Corn Belt, N is typically the most yield-limiting nutrient. Facing record high N fertilizer prices and potential supply problems, producers are concerned about N fertilization rates. Soil fertility researchers and extension specialists from seven states across the Corn Belt (see list in acknowledgements section) have been discussing corn N fertilization needs and evaluating N rate recommendation systems for approximately the past two years. These discussions could not have been timelier considering the current N fertilizer issues.
A Meta-Analysis of Approaches to Engage Social Work Students Online

With an increase in social work courses being offered in online and hybrid formats, it is imperative that social work programs understand the new teaching tenets and engagement mediums employed to ...
Proceedings from and future plans for the Symposium for Communicating Complex Information (SCCI): guest editor's introduction

This special issue contains proceedings from the 6th Annual Symposium on Communicating Complex Information (SCCI), which ran from February 27th through 28th 2017 at East Carolina University in Greenville, NC. The program chair was Michael Albers, who, as usual at SCCI, did a fantastic job at collecting and curating two days of stimulating conversations generated by speakers from a broad range of fields---rhetoric, technical communication, medical and regulatory writing, user experience, information science, and design---and a broad range or institutions and workspaces, including Duke's Network Analysis Center, The Medical University of South Carolina, Malardalen University in Sweden, and Michigan State University, to name just a few. The keynote---titled "Faulty by Design: A Psychological Examination of User Decision-Making"---was given by Bill Gribbons, director of Bentley University's Graduate User Experience Program. Overall, the diversity and depth of the scholars and their research combined with the single-room presentation space facilitated conversation and networking in ways not typically found at other conferences.
Some New Results on Power-Series Solutions of Algebraic Differential Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter presents some arithmetic properties of coefficients of a power series that satisfies certain equations, such as algebraic equations, algebraic differential equations, or Pfaffian systems of partial differential equations. If φ ɛ Q[[x]] satisfies a linear algebraic differential equation, then φ has a positive radius of convergence with respect to ⌊d m ⌋ v . The linear part of the differential equation does not have Fuchsian part at x = 0, and the theorem can be proved very easily. The difficulty comes from the Fuchsian part of the linear part of the differential equation. Thus, it naturally led to a Newton iteration procedure that is similar to those methods used in celestial mechanics. Archimedean estimates a power series solution of an algebraic differential equation, then the recurrences imply that the coefficients a m in fact belong to a finite extension K of Q, that is, K is a number field.
Laboratory Testing for HIV Infection: Advances After 28 Years

Following the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the USA in 1984, the first test for HIV was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1985. This was an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and was used mainly to ensure the safety of blood supply. People were deterred from using the blood bank just for learning about their HIV status and opinions were divided about the implication of a positive test result [1]. Counseling did not exist until 1987 when the United State Public Health Service (USPHS) issued guidelines making HIV testing and counseling a preventive strategy for those at high risk of infection. USPHS also recommended testing for those who were seeking treatment for other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) [2]. The first Western blot (WB) blood test kit was also licensed in 1987 and the first rapid test that provides results in as short as 10 min was licensed in 1992. Molecular assays have been implemented and are instrumental and changing medical practice for HIV testing.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional conjugated polymers

Organic thermoelectric materials have drawn great attention in the past years. In this study, we report the thermoelectric properties of ferric salt bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI−) doped two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymer, poly[[4,8-bis[(5-ethylhexyl)thienyl]benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7-DT). It is found that the electrical conductivities of TFSI− doped 2D PTB7-DT are nearly 100 times larger than those of TFSI− doped one-dimensional (1D) corresponding conjugate polymer, poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7) at the same doping levels. Moreover, TFSI− doped 2D PTB7-DT possess over 20 times larger power factor (79.8 μW/mK2) than that of TFSI− doped 1D PTB7. The enhancement of electrical conductivities of TFSI− doped 2D PTB7-DT is attributed to enhanced charge carrier densities and polaron densities. The studies of grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering further indicate that the π-π stacking distances of TFSI− doped 2D PTB7-DT along the in-plane direction are largely reduced compared to that of TFSI− doped 1D PTB7, which would facilitate the inter-chain and the intra-chain charge carrier transport, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivities. All these results demonstrate that 2D conjugated polymers are promising candidate materials for approaching high performance organic thermoelectric electronics.
Challenges and Prospects of Photocatalytic Applications Utilizing Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Photocatalytic systems based on colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have gained considerable attention owing to potential benefits that include a visible-range light extinction and a low spatial overlap of photoinduced charges. When coupled to metal catalysts, nanocrystal sensitizers have demonstrated a compelling performance in homogenous photoreduction reactions, including the degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen generation. Going beyond half-cycle reactions, however, the progress in the field of nanocrystal photocatalysis has been rather limited. Here, we review some of the challenges associated with photocatalytic applications of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals and highlight possible directions aimed toward their resolution. A particular emphasis was made on new paradigms in this field, including the possibility of harvesting triplet excitons and utilizing nanocrystal assemblies to accumulate multiple charges at the reaction site.
A causal inference explanation for enhancement of multisensory integration by co-articulation.

The McGurk effect is a popular assay of multisensory integration in which participants report the illusory percept of “da” when presented with incongruent auditory “ba” and visual “ga” (AbaVga). While the original publication describing the effect found that 98% of participants perceived it, later studies reported much lower prevalence, ranging from 17% to 81%. Understanding the source of this variability is important for interpreting the panoply of studies that examine McGurk prevalence between groups, including clinical populations such as individuals with autism or schizophrenia. The original publication used stimuli consisting of multiple repetitions of a co-articulated syllable (three repetitions, AgagaVbaba). Later studies used stimuli without repetition or co-articulation (AbaVga) and used congruent syllables from the same talker as a control. In three experiments, we tested how stimulus repetition, co-articulation, and talker repetition affect McGurk prevalence. Repetition with co-articulation increased prevalence by 20%, while repetition without co-articulation and talker repetition had no effect. A fourth experiment compared the effect of the on-line testing used in the first three experiments with the in-person testing used in the original publication; no differences were observed. We interpret our results in the framework of causal inference: co-articulation increases the evidence that auditory and visual speech tokens arise from the same talker, increasing tolerance for content disparity and likelihood of integration. The results provide a principled explanation for how co-articulation aids multisensory integration and can explain the high prevalence of the McGurk effect in the initial publication.
Influence of coarse aggregate angularity on the mechanical performance of cement-based materials

Abstract This study aims to fundamentally understand the influence of angularity of coarse aggregate on the mechanical performance of cement-based materials. Three hypotheses are postulated to address the influence of aggregate angularity that negatively impacts the small-strain performances, while positively influences the property in the ultimate state at a large strain level. The morphology of two types of coarse aggregates is systemically quantified using an image-based analysis. This study experimentally corroborates the efficacy of the postulated hypotheses through a set of laboratory tests on cement-based cylinders.