cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information-seeking behavior of business and economics faculty: A case study

ABSTRACTThere have been a few studies focusing on the online information-seeking behavior of business faculty, the most recent one having been done by Hoppenfeld and Smith and another by Proquest. This current case study adds to the literature by focusing on two activities: finding scholarly articles and finding scholarly books. The purpose was to learn how business and economics faculty at this institution discover and retrieve material for their scholarly research and to evaluate whether they use the University Libraries' subscription databases. Furthermore, participants who taught graduate- and undergraduate-level courses were asked whether their students needed to do research to complete their assignments.
FOLIAR INSECTICIDE APPLICATION FOR INSECT CONTROL IN LETTUCE, 2013

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar insecticide spray applications for control of worm pests (BAW and CL) and SWF on iceberg head lettuce under desert growing conditions. Head lettuce (Keeper, M.I.) was direct seeded on 18 Sep 2013 at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center, El Centro, CA into double row beds on 40 inch centers. Stand establishment was achieved using overhead sprinkler irrigation, and irrigated via furrow irrigation thereafter. Plots were four 40 inch beds (13.3 ft) wide by 50 ft long with one non-planted bed between plots and 5 ft between blocks. Four replications of each treatment were arranged in a RCB design. Insecticidal compounds, formulations and application rates are provided in the tables. All insecticide treatments were foliar sprays applied with a Lee Spider Spray Trac Tractor, 4-row sprayer with three TJ-6
Enthalpy of Formation of Phosphorus Pentachloride; Derivation of the Enthalpy of Formation of Aqueous Orthophosphoric Acid.

When chlorine (real gas, 980 mmHg) combines with white (α) phosphorus to form phosphorus pentachloride at 24.89 °C, 3986.3 ± 2.7 J of heat are liberated per gram of stoichiometrically equivalent Mg2P2O7. This value was determined by a dead-ended flow system in an electrically calibrated isoperibol calorimeter. Correction was made for the formation of up 10 one mol percent PCl3 in the products; no other impurities were found. From this value, the standard (25 °C, ideal gas) enthalpy of formation of PCl5(c) is calculated to be -443.85 ± 0.30 kJ/mol, -106.08 ± 0.07 kcal/mol. When this figure is combined with a recent determination of the enthalpy of hydrolysis of PCl5(c), the standard enthalpy of formation of H3PO4 (aq, 100 H2O) is calculated to be -1296.5 ± 1.5 kJ/mol, in good agreement with two other values which involve the formation and hydrolysis of P4O10 (hex). A "best value" is suggested: ΔH f° (H3PO4, 100 H2O) = -1295.8 ± 1.3 kJ/mol, -309.7 ± 0.3 kcal/mol.
Modeling of the Blister Test to Express Adhesive Strength in Terms of Measurable Quantities

The adhesion of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond thin films to substrates is a major limitation to using this new and exciting material. It is important to have a quantitative and absolute measurement of adhesive strength to understand and identify remedies. There are many methods to measure adhesion, but most rely on comparison to a standard instead of being an absolute measurement. The blister test is potentially able to measure adhesion both quantitatively and absolutely, but the existing analysis is not sufficient. This paper presents a fracture mechanics approach to analyze the blister test for a circular plate in order to obtain the appropriate quantitative information, i.e., the crack extension force, Q. Several shape models exist. We consider several models to predict the behavior of this plate and then derive an equation that expresses Q in terms of the critical pressure and critical volume at which de-bonding occurs. As a result of this analysis, we identify the key experimental parameters and show that this equation is insensitive to the model used.
The Performance of First-Trimester Anatomy Scan: A Decision Analysis.

Introduction First-trimester ultrasound (US) for anatomy assessment may improve anomaly detection, but it may also increase overall US utilization. We sought to assess the utility of first-trimester US for evaluation of fetal anatomy. Materials and Methods A decision analytic model was created to compare first- plus second-trimester anatomy scans to second-trimester scan alone in four populations: general, normal weight women, obese women, and diabetics. Probability estimates were obtained from the literature. Outcomes considered were number of: major structural anomalies detected, US performed, and false-positive US. Multivariable sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the consistency of the model with varying assumptions. Results A strategy of first- plus second-trimester US detected the highest number of anomalies but required more US examinations per anomaly detected. The addition of a first-trimester anatomy US was associated with a small increase in the false-positive US (< 10/10,000). In populations with higher anomaly prevalence and lower second-trimester US sensitivity (i.e., diabetes, obesity), the number of additional US performed per anomaly detected with the first-trimester US was < 60. Discussion In high-risk populations, a first-trimester US in addition to a second-trimester US may be a beneficial approach to detecting anomalies.
Study on health-management for individuals with hypertension in a community sample in Wuhan

Objective To explore the health management for individuals with hypertension,so as to provide guide on developing an effective intervention program. Methods Random sampling was utilized. A total of 600 participants were recruited. Descriptive statistics was used to test the health management for individuals with hypertension. Results The rate of medication was 90. 24%,and the rate of examining blood pressure for at least once a month was 85. 74%,only29. 47% participants maintained mental balance. Regular exercise rate was 42. 83%. The average intake of salt and oil were 7. 44± 4. 21 g and 41. 51 ± 31. 67 g respectively. Conclusion Balanced diet,maintaining mental balance,and regular exercise should be emphasized on health management for hypertension individuals.
Ventilatory control in asthma.

SUMMARY Ventilation (liters of air per minute) increases during an acute attack of asthma. Hypocapnia is the rule, although eucapnia may occur. This suggests both that respiratory center output is increased and that acidemia is not the major stimulus to augmented respiration. Mechanical receptors responding to change in end-expiratory respiratory system volume or airway dimensions, cortical stimulation to the medullary respiratory centers, and possibly hypoxemia function in concert to regulate ventilation in asthma. Newer laboratory techniques permit independent assessment of chemical and cortical components of ventilatory drive. These techniques have provided fresh insights into the effects of various therapeutic interventions upon respiration in asthma.
Antimicrobial-induced cognitive side effects

Abstract Introduction: Antimicrobial-induced cognitive side effects are often overlooked or underreported. Literature often reports symptoms of antimicrobial-induced cognitive impairment under more general blanket terms, such as neuropsychiatric side effects, neurotoxicity, or drug-induced delirium or encephalopathy. Methods: A PubMed search using terms including antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, side effects, cognitive, neurotoxicity, encephalopathy, and delirium was conducted. Respectively, symptoms of cognitive impairment were teased out of the multiple neurologic complications presented for each case and reported based on antimicrobial class. Articles were excluded if they focused solely on neuropsychiatric side effects such as seizures, psychosis, hallucinations, or mood disturbances, were conducted in animals, or involved antiretroviral medication therapies. Results: Of over 50 case reviews, case reports, retrospective chart reviews, and prospective cohort studies analyzed, 25 wer...
Real-Time Human Foot Motion Localization Algorithm With Dynamic Speed

One challenging problem for human–machine systems is to accurately estimate the position, velocity, and attitude of human foot motion, using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. This is particularly so in large environments affected by local magnetic disturbances. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that not only handles this problem, but also works efficiently in real time. The novelty of this paper lies mainly in two contributions: First, we propose a dynamic gait phase detection (GPD) method that can detect human foot gait phase with high accuracy (2.78% errors) in dynamic speeds of human foot motion, such as walking or running; second, we integrate an inertial navigation system, a GPD, a zero velocity update, and an extended Kalman filter in real time. The system can, thus, handle the IMU drift problem, as well as noise, for high-accuracy localization both indoors (0.375% errors) and outdoors (0.55% errors). To validate the proposed algorithm, we apply the motion-tracking system (MTS-ground truth), and the results show that 93.7% of the proposed algorithm's results converge on the MTS's results within a distance of less than 7.5 cm. Hence, the proposed algorithm can be embedded in wearable sensor devices for practical applications.
Unsupervised Neural Network optimized with Sequential Quadratic Programming for Linear and Non-Linear Dynamical Systems

In this research article the neural network optimized with sequential quadratic programming has been exploited to numerically solve the complex systems based on linear and nonlinear ODE. The algebraic sum of log-sigmoid activation function has been manipulated in an unsupervised manner in the form of fitness function based on mean square error. The test systems involve linear system, non-linear system of homogenous and inhomogeneous nature as well as a well-known fluid system with varying magnetic parameters. The Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to see the reliability of the proposed scheme, level of convergence in optimization and computational complexity in term of time.
Acute effects of brewed cocoa consumption on attention, motivation to perform cognitive work and feelings of anxiety, energy and fatigue: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover experiment

Acute effects of caffeinated and non-caffeinated cocoa on mood, motivation, and cognitive function are not well characterized. The current study examined the acute influence of brewed cocoa, alone and with supplemental caffeine, on attention, motivation to perform cognitive tasks and energy and fatigue mood states. A randomized, double-blinded, within-subjects crossover trial was conducted with four 473-milliliter brewed beverage treatments: cocoa, caffeinated cocoa (70 milligrams caffeine total), placebo (flavored and colored brewed water) and positive control (placebo plus 66 milligrams caffeine, “caffeine alone”). Participants (n = 24) were low consumers of polyphenols without elevated feelings of energy. Before and three times after beverage consumption, a 26-minute battery was used to assess motivation to perform cognitive tasks, mood and attention (serial subtractions of 3 and 7, the continuous performance task, and the Bakan dual task) with a 10-minute break between each post-consumption battery. The procedure was repeated with each beverage for each participant at least 48 h apart and ±30 min the same time of day. Data were evaluated using Treatment X Time analysis of covariance controlling for hours of prior night’s sleep. Compared to placebo, cocoa reduced overall false alarm errors progressively across time with 0.92, 1.44 and 2.35 fewer false alarms on average 22–48, 60–86 and 98–124 min post-consumption (η 2 = 0.08, p = 0.019). Caffeinated cocoa: (i) attenuated the anxiety-provoking effects of cognitive testing found after drinking caffeine alone (η 2 = 0.064, p = 0.038), and (ii) increased accuracy (η 2 = 0.085, p = 0.01) and reduced omission errors (η 2 = 0.077, p = 0.016) on the Bakan primary task compared to cocoa alone. Brewed cocoa can acutely reduce errors associated with attention in the absence of changes in either perceived motivation to perform cognitive tasks or feelings of energy and fatigue. Supplemental caffeine in brewed cocoa can enhance aspects of attention while brewed cocoa can attenuate the anxiety-provoking effects found from drinking caffeine alone. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01651793 . Registered July 25, 2012.
Altered Microstructural Caudate Integrity in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder but Not Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective Given the high prevalence and comorbidity of combat-related PTSD and TBI in Veterans, it is often difficult to disentangle the contributions of each disorder. Examining these pathologies separately may help to understand the neurobiological basis of memory impairment in PTSD and TBI independently of each other. Thus, we investigated whether a) PTSD and TBI are characterized by subcortical structural abnormalities by examining diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and volume and b) if these abnormalities were specific to PTSD versus TBI. Method We investigated whether individuals with PTSD or TBI display subcortical structural abnormalities in memory regions by examining DTI metrics and volume of the hippocampus and caudate in three groups of Veterans: Veterans with PTSD, Veterans with TBI, and Veterans with neither PTSD nor TBI (Veteran controls). Results While our results demonstrated no macrostructural differences among the groups in these regions, there were significant alterations in microstructural DTI indices in the caudate for the PTSD group but not the TBI group compared to Veteran controls. Conclusions The result of increased mean, radial, and axial diffusivity, and decreased fractional anisotropy in the caudate in absence of significant volume atrophy in the PTSD group suggests the presence of subtle abnormalities evident only at a microstructural level. The caudate is thought to play a role in the physiopathology of PTSD, and the habit-like behavioral features of the disorder could be due to striatal-dependent habit learning mechanisms. Thus, DTI appears to be a vital tool to investigate subcortical pathology, greatly enhancing the ability to detect subtle brain changes in complex disorders.
Looking for Pythagoras between the folds

The purpose of this short paper is to describe a new proof of the Pythagorean Theorem that involves paper folding.
Geochemical and Hydrologic Factors Controlling Subsurface Transport of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances, Cape Cod, Massachusetts

Growing evidence that certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are associated with negative human health effects prompted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to issue lifetime drinking water health advisories for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in 2016. Given that groundwater is a major source of drinking water, the main objective of this work was to investigate geochemical and hydrological processes governing the subsurface transport of PFASs at a former fire training area (FTA) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, where PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foams were used historically. A total of 148 groundwater samples and 4 sediment cores were collected along a 1200-m-long downgradient transect originating near the FTA and analyzed for PFAS content. The results indicate that unsaturated zones at the FTA and at hydraulically downgradient former domestic wastewater effluent infiltration beds both act as continuous PFAS sources to the groundwater despite 18 and 2...
Fatherhood in the Nordic Welfare States: Comparing Care Policies and Practices

Eydal and Rostgaard's edited collection presents a timely look at the influence of policies in Nordic states on fathering. Although the chapters can become repetitive in that they are drawing on th...
Theories of Political Literacy

This paper tests cognitive mobilization, structural role, and traditional socialization agent theories of political literacy, conceptualized as the potential for informed political participation. Political literacy cannot be measured directly, but we presume that if people are politically literate, they understand party differences and know basic political concepts and facts. Other names for this concept include political expertise, political awareness, and civic competence. Using Jennings and Niemi's youth-parent panel socialization data, we conclude that cognitive mobilization has the largest effect on political literacy, followed fairly closely by structural roles. Socialization agents have a very minor effect. This conclusion partly supports prevailing cognitive mobilization explanations of this concept. However, self-selection causes much of the relationship between political literacy and education, making education's cognitive mobilization potential far smaller than most political scientists assumed. Political involvement and ability are the main sources of cognitive mobilization instead, and education's spurious cross-sectional effect primarily reflects structural roles.
Universal Broadband: Option, Right or Obligation?:

Efforts to encourage universal access to information and communication technologies have run into the problem that some individuals, for reasons of affordability, lack of awareness or preference, continue to be without subscriptions. This article examines the arguments commonly put forward in support of promoting broadband access, to determine whether they can justify universalizing access. It examines the ethical limits of government actions that encourage, enforce or coerce participation in socially beneficial programmes, while potentially overlooking consumer sovereignty and human autonomy. The conclusions address how policymakers can encourage universal access to broadband, while respecting the rights of citizens.
Uniformizations of Riemann Surfaces

Publisher Summary This chapter describes uniformizations of Riemann surfaces. It discusses a theorem, which gives a normal form for a general uniformization of a finite Riemann surface. The theorem asserts that if G is a finitely generated Kleinian group with an invariant component Δ, then there is a unique Kleinian group G*, which uniformizes S = Δ/G in the same manner as G, where every factor subgroup of G* is either Fuchsian or elementary. The chapter also describes standard uniformizations of closed Riemann surfaces, that is, the corresponding Kleinian groups are torsion-free and have no accidental parabolic elements. It also presents additional theorems, which give a complete class of presentations for Kleinian groups: every presentation in the class is a presentation of some finitely generated Kleinian group with an invariant component, and every such Kleinian group has a presentation in this class.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Circular Extrachromosomal Element of Naegleria gruberi Strain EGB Ribosomal DNA.

ABSTRACT The circular extrachromosomal element of Naegleria gruberi strain EGB was linearized, molecularly cloned, and fully sequenced. The sequence comprises 14,007 bp and encodes the organism’s rRNA genes, two potential open reading frames, and numerous repeated sequence regions.
Identifying 3D printer residual data via open-source documentation

Abstract Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, is a rapidly growing technology that enables the production of customized complex objects. Its proliferation into both industrial and consumer markets, combined with the potential for misuse, raises questions about how to investigate an incident involving 3D printers. A survey of product documentation acquired from Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) sources reveals patterns in the processes used to print objects with consumer 3D printer models used by 3D object printing services. Both the ability to operate without an attached controlling computer and the methods by which G-code instructions move to the device are identified as features relevant to the potential presence of residual data. The implications of this residual data are discussed within the contexts of digital forensics, intellectual property protection, and privacy. It is concluded that classes of 3D printers are predisposed to containing residual data based on the functionality offered to the user. Additionally, investigations of 3D printers should involve not only the printer itself, but also any devices used in the production or transport of the object design and G-code files in order to develop a comprehensive picture of the events leading to the production of an object.
RNA sequencing analysis of salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max)

Abstract Salt stress causes foliar chlorosis and scorch, plant stunting, and eventually yield reduction in soybean. There are differential responses, namely tolerance (excluder) and intolerance (includer), among soybean germplasm. However, the genetic and physiological mechanisms for salt tolerance is complex and not clear yet. Based on the results from the screening of the RA-452 x Osage mapping population, two F4:6 lines with extreme responses, most tolerant and most sensitive, were selected for a time-course gene expression study in which the 250 mM NaCl treatment was initially imposed at the V1 stage and continued for 24 h (hrs). Total RNA was isolated from the leaves harvested at 0, 6, 12, 24 h after the initiation of salt treatment, respectively. The RNA-Seq analysis was conducted to compare the salt tolerant genotype with salt sensitive genotype at each time point using RNA-Seq pipeline method. A total of 2374, 998, 1746, and 630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between salt-tolerant line and salt-sensitive line, were found at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h, respectively. The expression patterns of 154 common DEGs among all the time points were investigated, of which, six common DEGs were upregulated and seven common DEGs were downregulated in salt-tolerant line. Moreover, 13 common DEGs were dramatically expressed at all the time points. Based on Log2 (fold change) of expression level of salt-tolerant line to salt-sensitive line and gene annotation, Glyma.02G228100, Glyma.03G226000, Glyma.03G031000, Glyma.03G031400, Glyma.04G180300, Glyma.04G180400, Glyma.05 g204600, Glyma.08G189600, Glyma.13G042200, and Glyma.17G173200, were considered to be the key potential genes involving in the salt-tolerance mechanism in the soybean salt-tolerant line.
Possible Synaptic Mechanism Subserving Learning

The most important generalizations that can be made about the central nervous system are that it is composed of an immense number of individual nerve cells or neurones and that these individuals are organized into functional assemblages by the synaptic contacts that they make with each other. For example, Fig. 1 A shows a drawing by Ramon y Cajal (1911) of eight neurones in the three surface layers of the frontal cortex of a month-old child. The body or soma of each neurone gives off elaborately branching dendrites covered with a wealth of small spines, and also a single fine axon process having many branches that are destined to make synaptic contacts on other neurones. No synaptic connections are seen in Fig. 1 A, but a wide variety is shown in Fig. 1 B that was drawn by Hamlyn (1963) on the basis of electron microscopic pictures. The small terminal branches from other neurones are shown making close contacts (synapses) with the soma and dendrites of this pyramidal cell of the hippocampal cortex, and the details of synaptic structure are shown in the various enlargements to the right. For our present purpose it is sufficient to recognize that there is a complete separation between the presynaptic terminals and the post-synaptic membrane on which they make contact, there being actually a narrow separating space, the synaptic cleft.
Longitudinal fMRI study of language recovery after a left hemispheric ischemic stroke.

Background Recovery from stroke-induced aphasia is typically protracted and involves complex functional reorganization. The relative contributions of the lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres to this process have been examined in several cross-sectional studies but longitudinal studies involving several time-points and large numbers of subjects are scarce. Objective The aim of this study was to address the gaps in the literature by longitudinally studying the evolution of post-stroke lateralization and localization of language-related fMRI activation in the first year after single left hemispheric ischemic stroke. Method Seventeen patients with stroke-induced aphasia were enrolled to undergo detailed behavioral testing and fMRI at 2, 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks post-stroke. Matched for age, handedness and sex participants were also enrolled to visualize canonical language regions. Results Behavioral results showed improvements over time for all but one of the behavioral scores (Semantic Fluency Test). FMRI results showed that the left temporal area participates in compensation for language deficits in the first year after stroke, that there is a correlation between behavioral improvement and the left cerebellar activation over time, and that there is a shift towards stronger frontal left-lateralization of the fMRI activation over the first year post-stroke. Temporary compensation observed in the initial phases of post-stroke recovery that involves the non-lesioned hemisphere may not be as important as previously postulated, since in this study the recovery was driven by activations in the left fronto-temporal regions. Conclusion Language recovery after left hemispheric ischemic stroke is likely driven by the previously involved in language and attention left hemispheric networks.
When is an implant ready for a tooth

The capability of placing an osseointegrated implant at the time of tooth extraction and immediately placing a restoration on the implant depends upon a number of factors. This paper describes the traditional Branemark protocol, the evolution of single-stage surgery, the guidelines for immediate placement, the measurement of implant stability, and the considerations critical to immediately loading.
Bizarre Epistemology, Bizarre Subject: A Definition of Weird Fiction

Supernatural Horror in Literature is used to develop a definition of weird fiction along two fronts: one epistemological, the other having to do with the idea of the subject. Differentiating between philosophical extrapolations and aesthetic tendencies, this chapter examines weird fiction from a philosophical point of view without turning weird fiction, which is an art, into a philosophy. The influences of philosophical ideas drawn from Spinoza, Nietzsche, Bergson, and Deleuze over the aesthetics of weird fiction are considered, as are weird fiction’s indication of certain philosophical ideas in anticipation of their historical development in philosophy proper.
Visual Obstruction has No Effect on Post Capture Corticosterone Levels of Juvenile American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

Abstract Anecdotal observations suggest that visual obstruction after capture will calm crocodilians, leading many to hypothesize that eye covering reduces physiological stress. However, this has y...
4–40 GHz Transmission Measurement of Indoor Building Materials at Normal Incidence

Transmission of common building materials, such as drywall, cinder block, gypsum board, and glass are characterized over the 4–40 GHz range for normal incidence in a compact anechoic chamber. Results indicate that many interior materials only exhibit modest increase in loss compared to UHF (1 to 4 dB), whereas cinder block can increase loss by as much as 20 to 30 dB.
Discriminative Regions: A Substrate for Analyzing Life-Logging Image Sequences

Life-logging devices are becoming ubiquitous, yet still processing and extracting information from the vast amount of data that is being captured is a very challenging task. We propose a method to find discriminative regions which we define as regions that are salient, consistent, repetitive and discriminative. We explain our fast and novel algorithm to discover the discriminative regions and show different applications for discriminative regions such as summarization, classification and image search. Our experiments show that our algorithm is able to find discriminative regions and discriminative patches in a short time and extracts great results on our life-logging SenseCam dataset.
Exploring tools and strategies used during regular expression composition tasks

Regular expressions are frequently found in programming projects. Studies have found that developers can accurately determine whether a string matches a regular expression. However, we still do not know the challenges associated with composing regular expressions. We conduct an exploratory case study to reveal the tools and strategies developers use during regular expression composition. In this study, 29 students are tasked with composing regular expressions that pass unit tests illustrating the intended behavior. The tasks are in Java and the Eclipse IDE was set up with JUnit tests. Participants had one hour to work and could use any Eclipse tools, web search, or web-based tools they desired. Screen-capture software recorded all interactions with browsers and the IDE. We analyzed the videos quantitatively by transcribing logs and extracting personas. Our results show that participants were 30% successful (28 of 94 attempts) at achieving a 100% pass rate on the unit tests. When participants used tools frequently, as in the case of the novice tester and the knowledgeable tester personas, or when they guess at a solution prior to searching, they are more likely to pass all the unit tests. We also found that compile errors often arise when participants searched for a result and copy/pasted the regular expression from another language into their Java files. These results point to future research into making regular expression composition easier for programmers, such as integrating visualization into the IDE to reduce context switching or providing language migration support when reusing regular expressions written in another language to reduce compile errors.
Optimal depth jump height quantified as percentage of athlete stature

Purpose: An individual’s optimal depth jump platform height provides a resistive force which allows an athlete to rebound with substantial velocity resulting in maximum power exertion. The objective of this investigation was to show that the optimal platform height in a depth jump can be quantified as a percentage of individual body stature which can serve as measurable quantified value. Although athlete height is not highly correlated to power ability nor does a universal height exist, this value can provide a basis for a rehabilitation or strength and conditioning program. The desired intensity of a program can be prescribed as a percentage of the individual’s optimal drop height. Methods: Sixteen male participants (age=21.7 ± 1.54 yrs., height=177.7 ± 11.4 cm, mass=77.7 ± 13.6 kg; mean ± SD) were tested in a depth jump through a range of platform heights based on percentage of the individual anthropometric data defined at 0-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50% of the participants’ stature using a 3-D motion capture system (Qualysis) and force plates (Bertec) to calculate power. Results: The optimal drop height was found to be 21.3 (±10.3)% of the participants’ heights for maximum peak power and 27.5 (±15.3)% for maximum average power. Conclusions: These results suggest that an individual optimal drop height does exist as a percentage of stature and could be applied to a rehabilitation or power-based training program using the drop height as a quantified basis allowing an athlete to gradually work toward their individual optimal drop height and exhibit maximum power.
Sex as a moderator of body composition following a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention among Latino youth with obesity.

BACKGROUND Body composition differences between males and females emerge during adolescence and continue throughout adulthood; however, whether sex moderates body composition changes in adolescents with obesity after an intervention is unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine sex as a moderator of changes in adiposity following lifestyle intervention. METHODS A total of 136 Latino youth with obesity (BMI% 98.2 ± 1.3) aged 14 to 16 years old were randomized to either a 12-week lifestyle intervention (27 males/40 females) or control (35 males/34 females) group. The intervention included nutrition education (1 h/wk) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (3 h/wk). Anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], BMI%, waist circumference, total body fat, and fat-free mass) were obtained pre- and post-intervention. Sex differences were examined by general linear models with significance determined at P < .05 for the F-statistic. RESULTS Sex did not moderate changes in BMI (F1,115 = 0.01, P = .9), BMI% (F1,115 = 0.14, P = .7), or waist circumference (F1,117 = 1.1, P = .3). Sex significantly moderated changes in body fat percent (F1,117 = 5.3, P = .02), fat mass (F1,116 = 4.5, P = .04), and fat-free mass (F1,116 = 4.3, P = .04). Intervention males compared with females had greater relative reductions in fat percent (-4.1 ± 0.8% vs -1.2 ± 0.7%, P = .02) and fat mass (-5.0 ± 1.1 kg vs -1.5 ± 0.9 kg, P = .02) and gained more fat free mass (3.6 ± 0.9 kg vs 0.5 ± 0.8 kg, P = .02) when compared with same sex controls. CONCLUSION Males and females exhibited a differential response to lifestyle intervention for percent fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass indicating that sex-specific improvements in body composition favours males over females.
Opioid Therapy for Pediatric Cancer Pain

A child with cancer may experience emotional, spiritual, mental, relational, and physical pain during the course of cancer therapy. As pediatric cancer pain is multifaceted, a well-tailored and personalized analgesic regimen is paramount to the treatment of the “whole” of pain. This regimen is likely to rely on opioids; nevertheless, nonopioid and nonpharmacologic strategies should be employed to minimize negative effects of opioids while maximizing comfort. Opioids may induce opioid-induced hyperalgesia, tolerance, and central sensitization, which can all reduce analgesic efficacy. Further, there are concerns regarding the potential impact of opioid therapy on cancer outcomes, such as metastases, recurrence and survival rates, and the substantial risk of opioid misuse among cancer survivors. While there may be no greater indication for opioid therapy than pediatric cancer pain, optimal cancer pain management should rely on multiple approaches including nonpharmacological interventions and medications targeting various receptors and mechanisms for analgesia, nonopioid and opioid.
Luminescence-quenched ytterbium-doped optical fiber microheater and its applications (Conference Presentation)

An optical fiber-based microheater is described. The fiber, a highly Yb-doped (23.4wt% Yb2O3) silicate glass, can produce thermal power densities in excess of 10 W/nL via optical pumping at 976nm. No evidence of luminescence is observed, indicating efficient conversion from optical to thermal energy. Demonstrated are two applications for this microheater. The first is an all-optical-fiber Pirani thermal vacuum gauge, which uses a dual-fiber configuration. The second is an all-optically-driven, all-optical-fiber, Mach-Zehnder-based modulator. The phase delay, introduced by inserting the microheater into one interferometer arm, is a function of its temperature and can be actively controlled by the pump power.
Viscous fluid flow inside an oscillating cylinder and its extension to Stokes' second problem

We present the analytical solution for the fluid motion inside a cylindrical tank whose angular velocity starts from rest and undergoes a harmonic oscillation. This problem, which has not yet been reported, is an extension to Stokes’ second problem where the fluid motion is governed by an outer moving cylindrical boundary and a zero velocity condition at the cylinder center. Different from the flow on the outside of a cylinder, the cylinder radius has a large influence on the internal fluid motion. We show that the fluid approaches solid body rotation for cylinders with outer radii similar to the characteristic viscous length scale of the flow, whereas the motion approaches that of Stokes’ original flat plate solution within very large cylinders. We detail both the transient starting condition and the quasi-steady fluid motion, which we present along with a particle image velocimetry experiment for validation. After decay of the initial startup transient, both quasi-steady analytical and experimental results predict that the oscillatory flow inside has an amplitude of velocity that decreases toward the center of the cylinder. The thickness of the Stokes layer, which is proportional to the penetration depth of the viscous wave, is altered by the size of the cylinder and/or the frequency of oscillation. We show that the penetration depth of the Stokes layer reaches its maximum thickness at intermediate cylinder sizes. The solution and results presented herein are potentially of value to describe the fluid motion in many applications where fluids are contained within cylindrical geometries.
Breastmilk Bundle Intervention to Increase Maternal Breastmilk for Very Low Birthweight Infants in the NICU

Introduction: Of Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants weighing <1500 grams at birth, in a 71 bed Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a university hospital, only 60.4% are receiving human milk at their first feeding and 66% at 21 days. Annually 27% were being fed any mother’s milk at discharge, well below the national average of 57.5%. In the pre-intervention period (figure 1) of infants born from October 2017-January 2018, 37.7% were discharged home receiving breastmilk (BM). Currently, it is difficult to evaluate the consistency and educational content and if necessary supplies are being given …
Abstract B11: Collective extrusion initiates dissemination in organotypic model of high-grade serous carcinoma

Development of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) from transformed fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells (FTSEC) is considered to be an initiating event for a significant proportion of high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs). Some regions of STIC lesions can form multicellular loosely cohesive outgrowths that apically extend out of the tubal epithelium. These outgrowths can detach and disseminate within the peritoneal cavity, causing organ obstruction. Immunohistochemical analysis of STICs suggests the possibility that molecular pathways associated with proliferation, DNA repair, cytoskeletal dynamics, and extracellular matrix adhesion contribute to outgrowth formation. Due to limited availability of transformed FTSEC in vitro culture models that faithfully capture outgrowth dynamics, the role of these pathways in STIC/HGSC outgrowth formation remains unknown. Here we present the development of an organotypic model of outgrowth formation. Long-term live-cell imaging of transformed human, and mouse FTSEC and STIC-like multicellular organotypic assemblies, have shown that outgrowths are initiated by collective apical extrusion of less-cohesive, loosely attached cell populations that can proliferate outside of the organotypic assembly. mRNA and immunofluorescence analysis of loosely attached cell populations revealed: (i) activation of Rho pathway, (ii) increased expression of several alpha integrin subunits that form heterodimers with beta 1 integrin, and (iii) nonpolarized apical and junctional localization of activated integrin beta 1. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) blocked outgrowth formation without affecting cell proliferation. Conversely, activation of Rho significantly accelerated outgrowths, indicating that Rho-ROCK is a critical regulator of early steps of HGSC dissemination. Quantitative image-based evaluation of ROCK target phosphorylated myosin light chain expression in patient-derived xenograft cells revealed the presence of cell populations with high ROCK activation. Blocking integrin beta 1 activity resulted in the disintegration of already formed outgrowths. Our data indicate that cell populations with high Rho/ROCK activity remodel integrin beta 1-dependent adhesion to initiate apical extrusion and peritoneal dissemination. Citation Format: Sarah Alshehri, Sadaf Farsinejad, Douglas Kung, Estefan Santi, Yali Zhai, Thomas Cattabiani, Hongjun Wang, Kathleen Cho, Marcin Iwanicki. Collective extrusion initiates dissemination in organotypic model of high-grade serous carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr B11.
Implant and adolescents

### Key messages Kristy, a 17-year-old girl, presents to clinic, having previously had a discussion of her contraceptive options with you. She is sexually active with her boyfriend and does not want to become pregnant. She feels that an implant would suit her and wishes to discuss it further as she has some concerns. Her friend had an implant, but when she requested a removal, she had to be referred to a specialist as the implant was impalpable. Her friend’s experience is putting Kristy off and she doesn’t really understand how it could have happened. Kristy’s interest in the etonogestrel contraceptive implant has been challenged by her friend’s negative experience. Close personal contacts are adolescents’ primary source of information about contraceptives.1 2 Secondhand experiences with negative side effects are prevalent and weighted more heavily in contraception choice than positive experiences.1 2 An adolescent considering the use of a device may be especially concerned about physical harm to the body. Fortunately, contraceptive counselling and the endorsement of a method …
The Need for Precise and Efficient Memory Capacity Budgeting

Modern high performance computing (HPC) systems pack hundreds of CPU cores to enable extreme parallelism. However, with increasing core counts, the effective per-core memory capacity is reducing. Reducing performance bottlenecks require precise monitoring and budgeting of application memory capacity requirements for attaining high performance, maximum resource efficiency, and low performance variability. Unfortunately, current operating systems (OS) and their toolsets are inaccurate, lack the capability to precisely measure the memory requirements of applications, forcing system administrators to either underestimate or over-provision memory, consequently compromising performance or resource efficiency, respectively. In this paper, we decipher the memory budgeting limitations in current OSes and their impact on both homogeneous and heterogeneous memory systems (e.g., nonvolatile memory). The limitations mainly stem from the mismatch between application-level and global memory accounting in the OS memory manager, fixing which can be prohibitively expensive at runtime. Our analysis of popular HPC workloads using widely-used memory budgeting strategies and deep instrumentation of the memory management layer reveals that imprecise budgeting can reduce performance by more than 1.65x and 2.05x in homogeneous and heterogeneous memory systems respectively. The program’s memory requirement increases by up to 25x without significant performance gains. We also briefly describe our ongoing research approach to redesign the budgeting mechanisms in the OS.
Pollution at schools and children's aerobic capacity.

Poor respiratory health is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and children are especially vulnerable. Existing research in economics has documented the effect of pollution on severe health outcomes, such as hospitalizations for asthma and infant death. However, evidence on the effect of air pollution on less extreme measures of respiratory health is limited, because these effects are difficult to measure. Using a more sensitive measure, aerobic capacity ( V O 2 m a x ), I study the impact of air pollution on respiratory performance of children. I combine school-grade level data from the California Physical Fitness Test from 2009 to 2017 with local air pollution and weather data to estimate the impact on student aerobic capacity of fluctuations in air pollution levels on testing days. Ozone affects child aerobic capacity at levels even below the Environmental Protection Agency thresholds.
Extraction and predictability of coherent intraseasonal signals in infrared brightness temperature data

This work studies the spatiotemporal structure and regime predictability of large-scale intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) of tropical convection in satellite observations of infrared brightness temperature ( $$T_b$$ ). Using nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis (NLSA), a data analysis technique designed to extract intrinsic timescales of dynamical systems, the $$T_b$$ field over the tropical belt $$15^{\circ }\hbox {S}-15^{\circ }\hbox {N}$$ and the years 1983–2006 (sampled every 3 h at $$0.5^{\circ }$$ resolution) is decomposed into spatiotemporal modes spanning interannual to diurnal timescales. A key advantage of NLSA is that it requires no preprocessing such as bandpass filtering or seasonal partitioning of the input data, enabling simultaneous recovery of the dominant ISOs and other patterns influenced by or influencing ISOs. In particular, the eastward-propagating Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the poleward-propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) naturally emerge as distinct families of modes exhibiting non-Gaussian statistics and strong intermittency. A bimodal ISO index constructed via NLSA is found to have significantly higher discriminating power than what is possible via linear methods. Besides MJO and BSISO, the NLSA spectrum contains a multiscale hierarchy of modes, including the annual cycle and its harmonics, ENSO, and modulated diurnal modes. These modes are used as predictors to quantify regime predictability of the MJO amplitude in $$T_b$$ data through a cluster-based framework. It is found that the most predictable MJO regimes occur before the active-MJO season (November–December), when ENSO has a strong influence on the future statistical behavior of MJO activity. In forecasts initialized during the active-MJO period (February), both ENSO and the current state of MJO are significant predictors, but the predictive information provided by the large-scale convective regimes in $$T_b$$ is found to be smaller than in the early-season forecasts.
Resolution limitations and error analysis for stereo camera models

The left-right model and the motion-in-depth model are examined. Although lower and upper bounds in a correspondence procedure have been determined for both stereo camera models, the analysis for deriving such bounds assumes the continuous case. In practice, however, additional limitations exist due to the discrete nature of the stereoscopic systems. Such limitations include depth of scene restrictions so that three-dimensional vision is meaningful (i.e. maximum depth for which disparity is nonzero). An error analysis for both stereo camera models is presented, where it is shown that the error in calculating depth (as a function of the camera displacement) decreases at a faster rate in the motion-in-depth case than the left-right one. >