cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical evidence for the autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation of transforming growth factor beta receptor kinases.

Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signals through a receptor complex containing the type I (TGF-beta RI) and type II (TGF-beta RII) receptors. We describe here biochemical studies on early events in the TGF-beta signaling pathways. TGF-beta RII is highly phosphorylated when expressed alone in COS-1 cells; its autophosphorylation occurs via an intramolecular (cis) mechanism that is independent of ligand binding. TGF-beta RI is also highly phosphorylated when expressed alone in COS-1 cells. Both wild-type TGF-beta RI and a kinase-deficient mutant thereof are transphosphorylated by the coexpressed TGF-beta RII kinase in a ligand-independent fashion in these cells. We propose that the association of TGF-beta RI and TGF-beta RII, induced by ligand binding or over-expression, leads to transphosphorylation of the TGF-beta RI by the TGF-beta RII kinase. This represents a mechanism of activation of receptors distinct from that of tyrosine kinase receptors and may apply to other serine/threonine kinase receptors.
Theory of differential pulse polarography at expanding or stationary planar electrodes for quasi-reversible or totally irreversible reactions

Abstract Current-voltage curves for differential pulse polarography at both the expanding plane and the stationary plane electrode are derived for quasi-reversible and totally irreversible charge-transfer processes. Calculated waveforms are in good agreement with curves obtained from digital simulation. Some approximate equations for i-E curves, peak potentials and peak currents are presented, and in addition methods of evaluating kinetic parameters from peak potentials or peak currents are described.
Effects of angiotensin II and epinephrine infusion on juxtaglomerular cell granularity and arterioles of the rat kidney

In Ratten wurde durch Injektion von Angiotensin II und Epinephrin akuter systemischer Hochdruck erzeugt. Angiotensin II verursachte Kontraktion der kleinen Arterien mit Zylindern in distalen Abschnitten und Sammelrohrchen. Der Juxtaglomerulare Index (JGI) war leicht erhoht (p < 0.02). Epinephrin verursachte erhebliche Hyperamie und Dilatation der kleinen Arterien; der JGI war etwas erniedrigt (p < 0,1). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass, obwohl Angiotensin II und Epinephrin hochaktive Vasokonstriktoren sind und auch erhohten Blutdruck aufrechtzuerhalten vermogen, sie verschiedene Effekte auf individuelle Gefassbereiche haben.
The critical role of mouse CD4+ cells in the rejection of highly disparate xenogeneic pig thymus grafts

Long-term survival of fetal pig thymus (FP THY) grafts and efficient repopulation of mouse CD4+ T cells is achieved in thymectomized (ATX) B6 mice that receive T and NK cell depletion by injection of a cocktail of mAbs (GK1.5, 2.43, 30-H12, and PK136) and fetal pig thymus/liver (FP THY/LIV) grafts. The requirement for each mAb in this conditioning regimen in order to avoid the rejection of FP THY grafts has not yet been defined. In our present studies, CD4 cell-depleted ATX B6 mice and euthymic MHC class II-deficient (IIKO) mice were employed to investigate the role of mouse CD4+ cells in the rejection of FP THY grafts in vivo. After grafting FP THY/LIV to CD4+ cell-depleted ATX B6 mice, efficient repopulation of mouse CD4+ T cells was observed in the periphery. However, only two of four mice had remaining FP THY grafts by 17 weeks post-implantation, and these were of poor quality, whereas four of four T and NK cell-depleted ATX B6 mice had well-developed FP THY grafts. Furthermore, three of four FP THY/LIV-grafted, CD4+ cell-depleted ATX B6 mice rejected donor MHC-matched pig skin grafts. In contrast, three of three FP THY/LIV grafted, T and NK cell-depleted, ATX B6 mice accepted donor MHC-matched pig skin grafts, suggesting that optimal tolerance to xenogeneic pig antigens was not achieved in mice conditioned only with anti-CD4 mAb. ATX B6 mice treated with only anti-CD8 mAb rejected FP THY completely by 6 weeks post-grafting, a time when CD4+ cell-depleted ATX B6 mice had well-vascularized FP THY grafts. In addition, when euthymic IIKO mice were pre-treated with the standard conditioning regimen that includes four different mAbs, FP THY grafts survived and supported the repopulation of mouse CD4+ T cells in the periphery, while high levels of mouse CD8+ T cells developed in host thymi. These studies suggest that mouse CD4+ T cells play a critical role in the acute rejection of xenogeneic FP THY grafts. Without help from CD4+ cells, mouse CD8+ cells, NK, NK/T, and TCR(gamma/delta)+ T cells do not mediate acute rejection of FP THY grafts. Furthermore, our results suggest that other cell subsets besides CD4+ T cells play a role in the delayed rejection of highly disparate xenogeneic FP THY grafts.
Effects of Thyrotropin, Carbachol, and Protein Kinase-C Stimulators on Glucose Transport and Glucose Oxidation by Primary Cultures of Dog Thyroid Cells*

Thyroid glucose metabolism can provide NADPH and H2O2 for thyroid hormone synthesis. Several agents stimulate glucose oxidation in thyroid slices, but little is known about glucose transport in this tissue. In the present study, various thyroid stimulators were tested on glucose transport and oxidation using primary cultures of dog thyroid cells. After preincubating the cells with the agonists, glucose uptake was measured by adding 2-deoxy-D-[l-3H]glucose ([3H]2-DOG) for 5 min, and glucose oxidation was assessed during a single 60-min incubation with agonist and D-[l–14C]glucose. TSH (0.1–10 mU/ml), 12-0- tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 10-8-10-6 M), and carbachol 10-6-10-2 M) stimulated [3H]2-DOG transport and glucose oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of TSH appears to be mediated by cAMP, since N6,2’-O-dibutyryl cAMP, 8-bromo-cAMP, cholera toxin, and isobutylmethylxanthine also stimulated [3H]2-DOG transport. Norepinephrine, which had no effect by itself on either transport or oxid...
Enriching the professional repertoire of social workers: locus of control as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool

This article examines the locus of control construct and its utility from a social work perspective. For an overview, the background and evolution of the locus of control concept and the characteristics of internally and externally controlled individuals are provided. How this construct is relevant to social work is treated in relation to social work functions, areas of application, as well as relevant social work treatment issues. The article concludes by examining common criticisms of the locus of control construct and argues for a formal inclusion of this concept in the education and treatment process in social work.
Correlation of Anagram Solving to Transition Probability and Word Frequency.

Summary A correlational analysis was performed to determine the relationship of anagram solving to both transition probability and word frequency. The results revealed that an index that combines solution-word and anagram transition probability by subtracting the latter from the former is significantly related to problem solution. Solution-word transition probability alone and the Thorndike-Lorge word count were both found to be uncorrelated to the solution of anagrams. A comparison of the Underwood-Schulz and Mayzner-Tresselt systems for calculating digram frequencies revealed that the two systems produced essentially comparable results except for the anagram transition probability variable where only the Mayzner-Tresselt system yielded a significant correlation.
The problem of finding a mapping between clause representation and natural-deduction representation

This article is the fourteenth of a series of articles discussing various open research problems in automated reasoning. Here we focus on the relationship between two approaches to the automation of reasoning: the paradigm based on the clause language and that based on natural deduction. The problem proposed for research asks one to find a mapping between the two approaches such that reasoning programs based on either approach perform identically on a specific assignment. For evaluating a proposed solution to this research problem, we include suggestions concerning possible test problems.
On the Yang-Mills mass gap problem

Theorem 4.1 of the author’s paper “Quantum Yang-Mills-Weyl dynamics in the Schroedinger paradigm”, RJMP 21 (2), 169–188 (2014) claims the relative ellipticity of cutoff Yang-Mills quantum energy-mass operators in von Neumann algebras with regular traces. This implies that the spectra of cutoff self-adjoint Yang-Mills energy-mass operators in a nonperturbative quantum Yang-Mills theory (with an arbitrary compact simple gauge group) are nonnegative sequences of the eigenvalues converging to +∞. The spectra are self-similar in the inverse proportion to the running coupling constant. In particular, they have self-similar positive spectral mass gaps. Presumably, this is a solution of the Yang-Mills Millennium problem.
The Human Ecology of the American Educational Research Association

acterized by their patterns of activities (Bailey & Mulcahy, 1972; Duncan & Schnore, 1959; Hawley, 1950). It frequently has been applied to the analysis of the geographic distribution of the members of various professions (Marden, 1960; Reskin & Campbell, 1974; Richards, 1977; Richards & Gottfredson, 1978). These studies have emphasized the health professions, however, so this study extends them by studying the geographic distribution in the United States of members of the American Educational Research Association.
Optical phonon modes in solid and doped C60

Abstract A review of our experimental studies on Raman- and infrared-active vibrational modes in solid and doped C60 films is presented and compared to group theoretical predictions. Results of Raman scattering and infrared transmission studies on pristine fee films indicate that C60 should be viewed as a molecular solid with weak intermolecular coupling. Laser flux-dependent Raman scattering results for pristine C60 are presented which indicate that it is relatively easy to promote a photo-transformation of solid C60. Finally, Raman scattering studies on oxygen- and alkali metal (M)-doped C60, MxC60 (x = 3,6; M = K,Rb,Cs) are also presented. For the insulating M6C60 compounds, additional mode splitting due to the electric field of the cation sublattice is observed. The effect of the alkali metal doping on the Raman-active C60 modes is found to depend only weakly on the radius of the alkali metal ion. Thus, the principal role of the alkali metal dopant appears to be one of charge transfer and no evidence for significant M-C60 interactions is observed in the vibrational spectra. In the case of the metallic K3C60 compound, Hg-derived C60 modes are observed to broaden relative to those in pristine C60 or M6C60. This observation is discussed in terms of the implications for superconductivity.
Design of a Portable Renal Replacement System Through Modeling and Experiment

There are approximately 65,000 patients on sustaining hemodialysis in the United States for renal disease. While hemodialysis is traditionally performed three times weekly, several studies have shown improved patient results with increased treatment frequency and shorter treatment time. A more portable hemodialysis treatment would represent an improvement over current treatments by giving patients the ability to dialyze at their convenience, and more often for shorter treatment times. A prototype wearable artificial kidney has been developed by Gura et al.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Organized youth sports and the psychological development of nine-year-old males

Two hundred thirty-two 9-year-old males were administered the Harter Self-Perception Profile before and after a season of participation in organized youth sports to assess changes in their self-perceptions of competence and self-worth. The children were participating in either soccer or baseball, and the levels of competition were either tryout or recreation. Harter's cognitive-developmental formulations suggested that soccer players and/or the recreation league players in both sports would show greater increases in self-perceptions than those involved in baseball and/or the tryout leagues. Additionally, parents and coaches rated the players on several dimensions hypothesized to be influenced by participation in youth sports. Across all groups, children's perceptions of their athletic and scholastic competence, physical appearance, and global self-worth increased from pre- to post-season. Although there were no differential changes by group, the results suggest that these activities at best promoted children's psychological development, and at worst, did not decrease their self-perceptions.
Vibrational and rotational excitation in collisions of diatomic molecules with rigid surfaces

Abstract The disappearance of the rotational rainbow in the scattering of unexcited diatomic molecules from a smooth rigid surface due to initial vibrational and rotational excitation and surface corrugation has been studied by classical trajectory calculations. The ratio of vibrational to rotational excitation in initially unexcited molecules strongly increases with increasing impact energy and increasing surface hardness.
Impact of Hospital Teaching Status on Length of Stay and Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Complex Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery in the USA

Objective To define the impact of hospital teaching status on length of stay and mortality for patients undergoing complex hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery in the USA.
Composites containing albumin protein or cyanoacrylate adhesives and biodegradable scaffolds: I. Acute wound closure study in a rat model

Our Scaffold-Enhanced Biological Adhesive (SEBA) system was investigated as an alternative to sutures or adhesives alone for repair of wounds. Two scaffold materials were investigated: (i) a synthetic biodegradable material fabricated from poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid); and (ii) a biologic material, small intestinal submucosa, manufactured by Cook BioTech. Two adhesive materials were also investigated: (i) a biologic adhesive composed of 50%(w/v) bovine serum albumin solder and 0.5mg/ml indocyanine green dye mixed in deionized water, and activated with an 808-nm diode laser; and (ii) Ethicon’s Dermabond, a 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate. The tensile strength and time-to-failure of skin incisions repaired in vivo in a rat model were measured at seven days postoperative. Incisions closed by protein solder alone, by Dermabond alone, or by suture, were also tested for comparison. The tensile strength of repairs formed using the SEBA system were 50% to 65% stronger than repairs formed by suture or either adhesive alone, with significantly less variations within each experimental group (average standard deviations of 15% for SEBA versus 38% for suture and 28% for adhesive alone). In addition, the time-to-failure curves showed a longevity not previously seen with the suture or adhesive alone techniques. The SEBA system acts to keep the dermis in tight apposition during the critical early phase of wound healing when tissue gaps are bridged by scar and granulation tissue. It has the property of being more flexible than either of the adhesives alone and may allow the apposed edges to move in conjunction with each other as a unit for a longer period of time and over a greater range of stresses than adhesives alone. This permits more rapid healing and establishment of integrity since the microgaps between the dermis edges are significantly reduced. By the time the scaffolds are sloughed from the wound site, there is greater strength and healing than that produced by adhesive alone or by wounds following suture removal. This hypothesis is supported by the data of this study, as well as, the acute tensile strength data of Part I of this study.
Pulmonary Function and Clinical Observations in Men With Congenital Bilateral Absence of the Vas Deferens

Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) was once thought to be a distinct clinical entity, but genetic similarities in men with cystic fibrosis (CF) and CBAVD are described increasingly. We evaluated the clinical status, growth and nutritional state, and respiratory function of 18 men with CBAVD to determine whether these men with different CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) genotypes may have clinical evidence of mild CF. Following a thorough history and examination, pulmonary function tests, sweat test, and renal ultrasound were performed. Genetic evaluation for 50 known CF mutations, screening for private mutations (single-strand conformational polymorphism and direct sequencing), and assay of the length of the polypyrimidine tract in the splice site acceptor of intron 8 was performed. A history of pulmonary disease was present in three, and an additional man had some features suggestive of malabsorption. Results of general physical examination and anthropomorphic measurements were unremarkable in all patients, with a mean (SD) body mass index of 26 (3). Pulmonary function tests of large and small airway function as well as lung volumes were normal in all except one whose results were consistent with moderate asthma. Five men were compound heterozygotes for CFTR mutations, four of whom had positive sweat tests (sweat chloride >60 mEq/L). Twelve men were heterozygotes for CFTR mutations while no mutations were identified in one man. Although putative etiologic factors may suggest that men with CBAVD and CFTR mutations could be considered within the spectrum of clinical CF, the authors suggest that in men with CBAVD without any other clinical features of CF, the diagnosis of CF may not be made.
An application of imputation to an estimation problem in grouped lifetime analysis

Tanner and Wang (in press) have introduced the data augmentation algorithm for the analysis of parametric missing data problems. In this article, this paradigm is used to develop an algorithm for the nonparametric estimation of the hazard function from grouped and censored lifetime data. This algorithm makes use of the notions of cross-validation and multiple imputation to prescribe the appropriate degree of smoothing for the nonparametric hazard estimate. A procedure for estimating the variance of the estimator is also proposed. The nonparametric hazard estimate and corresponding variance formula are shown to perform well in a simulation study. The algorithm is illustrated with a numerical example.
Genomic Profiling of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Numerous studies of human gene function have been launched since the sequencing of the human genome. Global molecular profiling studies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are providing a comprehensive view of the expression changes that occur during the carcinogenic process and are uncovering promising biomarkers with clinical potential. In this chapter, an overview of recent gene expression profiling of human HCC is provided along with a summation of the mechanistic, diagnostic, and prognostic significance of these findings. Emerging concepts associated with these studies are also addressed and biomarkers present in serum are highlighted. Current profiling studies, conducted on multiple array platforms, are powerful tools which have provided useful clues to begin to unravel the mechanisms of HCC biology and improve clinical outcome.
Trade, accumulation, and uneven development

This paper develops a two-country model of capital accumulation and growth where the industrial sector exhibits increasing returns to scale. It shows that ‘uneven development’ IS a necessary outcome in such a model: an initial discrepancy in capital-!abor ratios between the two countries will cumulate over time, leading to the division of the world into a capital-rich. industrial region and capital-poor, agricultural region. Which region take?; on which role depends on ‘primitive accumulation’; that is, on which region starts with more capital. If capital is mobile internattonally. the model can given rise to a two-stage pattern of development a first stage where trade is the engine of growth in the leading country. and a second in which foreign investment takes on that role -- w;:i~h is reminiscent of the HohsonLenin theory of imperialism.
Integrated microfluidic device for solid-phase extraction coupled to micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation.

An integrated microdevice was utilized for the autonomous coupling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) to micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Porous plugs of polymethacrylate polymer (∼200 μm in length) were fabricated by ultraviolet irradiation in microchannels. Microcolumns of hydrophobic beads packed against the polymethacrylate plugs were utilized for the quantitative extraction of rhodamine B, yielding preconcentration factors over 200 for a 90-s extraction. The calculated detection limit for this dye was 60 fM. A sample of coumarin dyes were concentrated by SPE, eluted in a nonaqueous solvent from a separate on-chip reservoir, and injected by a gated valve onto a separate column for MEKC analysis. Using the integrated device, a completely automated sequence of extraction, elution, injection, separation, and detection were performed in less than 5 min. Observed separation efficiencies were high, with plate heights below 2 μm. The analysis was at least 3 times faster than semiautomated, convent...
Thermal changes in a rabbit ear model after sympathectomy.

The long-term cutaneous thermal changes and the degree of sympathetic reinnervation of the vessels after a distal sympathectomy in an experimental model are reported. Under general anesthesia, a distal sympathectomy was performed at the proximal portion of the central artery of a rabbit ear. The contralateral ear served as a control. A dual-channel digital thermometer was used to record periodic cutaneous temperatures in identical positions on the distal third of the ears. Sympathetic reinnervation was assessed with catecholamine histolluorescence in the dead animals. A mean difference in temperature of 1.2Â° C ( P
Foreign-Born Status and Geographic Patterns of Tuberculosis Genotypes in Tarrant County, Texas

Regardless of destination, immigrants arrive with health profiles typical of people in their previous surroundings. Thus, immigrants change the epidemiological profile of destination communities, and immigrant neighborhoods may represent islands of infectious disease. Genotyping has emerged as a useful surveillance tool to track the spread of disease at the molecular level. Yet the spatial distribution of infectious disease at the molecular level associated with migration and immigrant neighborhoods has received little attention. Using molecular genotyping to characterize M. tuberculosis isolated from tuberculosis cases, this article analyzes spatial variations of unique molecular M. tuberculosis strains by zip code in Tarrant County, Texas. The results suggest that immigrant neighborhoods have higher rates of unique isolates of tuberculosis (suggestive of remote transmission) compared to neighborhoods occupied by the native-born. Neighborhoods dominated by the native-born have higher rates of clustered isolates (suggestive of recent transmission). Therefore, in addition to being culturally distinct, immigrant neighborhoods may also be pathogenically distinct from surrounding neighborhoods.
Mahanaxar: Quality of service guarantees in high-bandwidth, real-time streaming data storage

Large radio telescopes, cyber-security systems monitoring real-time network traffic, and others have specialized data storage needs: guaranteed capture of an ultra-high-bandwidth data stream, retention of the data long enough to determine what is “interesting,” retention of interesting data indefinitely, and concurrent read/write access to determine what data is interesting, without interrupting the ongoing capture of incoming data. Mahanaxar addresses this problem. Mahanaxar guarantees streaming real-time data capture at (nearly) the full rate of the raw device, allows concurrent read and write access to the device on a best-effort basis without interrupting the data capture, and retains data as long as possible given the available storage. It has built in mechanisms for reliability and indexing, can scale to meet arbitrary bandwidth requirements, and handles both small and large data elements equally well. Results from our prototype implementation show that Mahanaxar provides both better guarantees and better performance than traditional file systems.
Lubricant Effect on the Micro-Tribological Behavior of Magnetic Coating Formulations—Part 2: Comparison of the Results for the Miscellaneous Lubricants

The magnetic tape industry applies a mixture of stearic acid/butylstearate as a lubricant mixture in their formulation. This lubricant system has several disadvantageous points since it enhances corrosion to the GMR head, due to the existence of the stearic acid free carboxylic group; also, it is not chemically bonded to the tape surface and can freely leave the tape surface in time, leading to inferior winding/unwinding performance of the tape. In this work, we pursue our challenging task for finding a better lubricant(s) to resolve the problems with the current commercial lubricant system. We also continue working with the hypothesized model test sample which imitates the features for the real magnetic tape surface. The goal of this series of work is to correlate between the chemical structures for the miscellaneous lubricants and their micro-tribological behavior at the interface between the sample and reference guide surfaces.
Microstrip antenna aperture-coupled to a microstripline

A new technique for feeding printed antennas is described. A microstrip antenna on one substrate is coupled to a microstripline feed on another parallel substrate through an aperture in the ground plane which separates the two substrates. A simple theory explaining the coupling mechanism is presented, as well as measurements of a prototype aperture-fed antenna.
Epidemiology of Fungal Infections: The Promise of Molecular Typing

As the incidence of invasive fungal disease-particularly nosocomial candidal infection-has increased significantly over the past two decades, molecular typing has become increasingly important for the development of rational infection-control measures and therapeutic strategies. Numerous molecular methods have been used to subtype Candida species, including restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA, Southern hybridization analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and polymerase chain reaction-based approaches. Increasingly, typing techniques are being applied to other fungal organisms as well. Although an ideal epidemiological typing technique applicable to a wide range of fungal pathogens is not yet available, several molecular-typing methods may permit rapid, simple, and sensitive discrimination of specific strains among the most clinically important species of fungi.
Automated Analysis of Diabetic Retinopathy Images: Principles, Recent Developments, and Emerging Trends

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetes. Timely diagnosis and intervention are essential for treatment that reduces the risk of vision loss. A good color retinal (fundus) photograph can be used as a surrogate for face-to-face evaluation of DR. The use of computers to assist or fully automate DR evaluation from retinal images has been studied for many years. Early work showed promising results for algorithms in detecting and classifying DR pathology. Newer techniques include those that adapt machine learning technology to DR image analysis. Challenges remain, however, that must be overcome before fully automatic DR detection and analysis systems become practical clinical tools.
A dynamic thermal insulator: Inducing resonance within a fluid saturated porous medium enclosure heated periodically from the side

Abstract This theoretical and numerical study investigates the natural convection flow within a fluid saturated porous medium enclosure subjected to intermittent heating from the side (hot wall). A theory for predicting the natural convection frequency of the flow wheel circulating inside the enclosure is developed from the general porous medium equations on a scaling basis. Physical insight indicates that heat flow resonance might occur when the input heat frequency matches the flow wheel circulating frequency. Numerical simulations confirm the existence of a preferred (resonance) input heat pulsating frequency. They also reveal that at the resonance frequency the fluid saturated porous medium system behaves as a dynamic thermal insulator in which the strong natural convection activity within the system, characterized by high amplitude heat flow oscillations, coexists with a damped oscillatory heat flux at the isothermal (cold) wall.
Tepuztlahcuilolli, Impresos en Náhuatl: Historia Y Bibliografía, Volumes 1 and 2

Tepuztlahcuilolli, Impresos en Nahuatl: Historia y Bibliografia. Volumes 1 and 2. Ascension H. De Leon-Portilla. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1988. xxii + 279 pp., and 441 pp., plates, bibliography, indexes (cloth). ISBN 968–837–502–0.
Health and social services integration: a review of concepts and models

Health and social services integration is particularly relevant for populations whose needs span physical health, mental health, housing, and disability services, along with others. Veterans, homeless, chronically ill, and aging are among those populations. This review examines recent peer-reviewed literature about different approaches to services integration, rationales behind those approaches, and successes of those approaches, including factors that make them succeed or fail. The focus here is on services that cross disciplinary boundaries; that is, those that integrate health services with social services, health services with mental health services, or one social service with a categorically different social service.
Effect of Payload on Exhaust Emissions from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel and Gasoline Trucks

This paper presents the results of a study of the effects of increasing payloads on emissions from light heavy-duty pickup trucks. Since vehicles in this category are often more heavily loaded than passenger cars, it is important to evaluate the potential impact of these additional loads on emissions. For this program, light heavy-duty vehicles were tested over a combination of three test weights (empty, half-loaded, and fully loaded) and different driving cycles (FTP, ST01 and CD arterial level of service cycle). The test matrix included five light heavy-duty diesel trucks and two light heavy-duty gasoline trucks. The diesel vehicles showed a trend of increasing PM, and CO2 emissions over the cycles used with NOx emissions increasing modestly. The trends for the diesel THC and CO emissions were less consistent and depended on the specific cycle and vehicle. For gasoline vehicles, CO and CO2 emissions increased with increasing payload over most of the vehicle/cycle combinations tested. (A)
Regulation of STREX exon large conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels by the β4 accessory subunit

Large conductance (BK-type) calcium-activated potassium channels utilize alternative splicing and association with accessory beta subunits to tailor BK channel properties to diverse cell types. Two important modulators of BK channel gating are the neuronal-specific beta4 accessory subunit (beta4) and alternative splicing at the stress axis hormone-regulated exon (STREX). Individually, these modulators affect the gating properties of the BK channel as well as its response to phosphorylation. In this study, the combined functional consequences of STREX and the mouse beta4 subunit on mouse BK channel biophysical properties were investigated in transfected HEK 293 cells. Surprisingly, we found that the combined effects of STREX and beta4 are non-additive and even opposite for some properties. At high calcium, beta4 and the STREX individually share properties that promote BK channel opening via slowing of deactivation. However, the combined effects are a speeding of deactivation and a decreased open probability. beta4 also inhibits BK channel opening by a slowing of activation. This effect occurs across calcium concentrations in the absence of STREX, but predominates only at low calcium for STREX containing channels. BK channel responses to phosphorylation status are also altered by the combination of the beta4 subunit and STREX. beta4/STREX channels show a slowing of activation kinetics following dephosphorylation whereas beta4 channels lacking STREX do not. In contrast, beta4 confers a speeding of activation in response to cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation in channels lacking STREX, but not in channels containing STREX. These results indicate that the combination of the beta4 subunit and STREX confers non-additive and unique properties to BK channels. Analysis of expression in brain slices suggests that STREX and beta4 mRNA overlap expression in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the cerebellar Purkinje cells, suggesting that these unique properties of BK channels may underlie BK channel gating in these cells.
Transient-photomodulation-spectroscopy studies of carrier thermalization and recombination in a-Si:H

The transient response of mid-gap absorption in a-Si:H to pulsed optical excitation is studied as a function of time (300 ns to 30 ms) and sample temperature (10--220 K) with use of probe wavelengths ranging from 0.75 to 5.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m. A numerical inversion process applied to the data gives the distribution of excess carriers in both energy and time. Analytical and numerical results describing the thermalization of carriers in an exponential bandtail have been obtained which agree well with the data. A detailed recombination model which includes both carrier release from the demarcation energy and direct tunneling to recombination centers is discussed in association with the experimental results along with a comparative analysis of spectrally resolved transient-photoluminescence decays.
Distribution of Impact Locations and Velocities of Earth Meteorites on the Moon

Following the analytical work of Armstrong et al. (Icarus 160:183–196, 2002), we detail an expanded N-body calculation of the direct transfer of terrestrial material to the Moon during a giant impact. By simulating 1.4 million particles over a range of launch velocities and ejecta angles, we have derived a map of the impact velocities, impact angles, and probable impact sites on the moon over the last 4 billion years. The maps indicate that the impacts with the highest vertical impact speeds are concentrated on the leading edge, with lower velocity/higher-angle impacts more numerous on the Moon’s trailing edge. While this enhanced simulation indicates the estimated globally averaged direct transfer fraction reported in Armstrong et al. (Icarus 160:183–196, 2002) is overestimated by a factor of 3–6, local concentrations can reach or exceed the previously published estimate. The most favorable location for large quantities of low velocity terrestrial material is 50 W, 85 S, with 8.4 times more impacts per square kilometer than the lunar surface average. This translates to 300–500 kg km−2, compared to 200 kg km−2 from the previous estimate. The maps also indicate a significant amount of material impacting elsewhere in the polar regions, especially near the South Pole-Aiken basin, a likely target for sample return in the near future. The magnitudes of the impact speeds cluster near 3 km/s, but there is a bimodal distribution in impact angles, leading to 43% of impacts with very low (<1 km/s) vertical impact speeds. This, combined with the enhanced surface density of meteorites in specific regions, increases the likelihood of weakly shocked terrestrial material being identified and recovered on the Moon.
Molecular miscibility and chain dynamics in POSS/polystyrene blends: Control of POSS preferential dispersion states

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)/polystyrene nanocomposites with two different POSS molecules, octaisobutyl POSS (Oib-POSS) and trisilanolphenyl POSS (Tsp-POSS), were prepared via solution blending in toluene. Solution dynamics analysis indicates random coil conformation of neat PS and POSS/PS blends. Morphology analysis (AFM/TEM) revealed differences in the preferential dispersion states of Tsp- and Oib-POSS molecules. Tsp-POSS, with its greater predicted solubility in PS, exhibited nanoscale dispersion throughout the bulk leading to transparent films. In contrast, Oib-POSS, with its reduced predicted solubility in PS, exhibited preferential surface segregation, aggregation of POSS particles and hazy films. Estimated fractional surface coverage for the materials, based on surface energy measurements, indicated 15% coverage by Tsp-POSS and 78% for Oib-POSS. Solid-state NMR relaxation studies suggest aggregation of Oib-POSS molecules. Additional NMR studies, including silicon CP/MAS, 2D HETCOR, and WISE, indicate close spatial proximity and interaction of Tsp-POSS molecules with PS chains, contrasting with poor interaction and immiscibility of Oib-POSS with PS.
Management of anterior chamber depth after trabeculectomy

We followed up 36 eyes of 34 patients for the first three months after trabeculectomy, paying special attention to the depth of the anterior chamber. A significant difference in postoperative course was noted between those eyes with central cornea-lens touch and those with cornea-iris touch but no contact between cornea and lens. The former group (four eyes) had a high rate of complications, including corneal edema, cataract, and bleb failure, despite early efforts to reform the anterior chamber. The latter group (18 eyes), in which the anterior chambers were all allowed to reform spontaneously, had a favorable course, similar to those eyes that maintained formed anterior chambers throughout the study.
Grain boundary segregation and intergranular fracture in Ferrite containing Mo, Si or Al

Roles of molybdenum, silicon or aluminum in ferrite on grain boundary segregation and hence on intergranular fracture have been investigated by using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and tensile test. Competitive segregation between sulfur and carbon or nitrogen, which caused the decrease below 700°C of sulfur content at the grain boundaries, was observed in the pure iron. The intergranular brittleness of the pure iron was caused by sulfur at the grain boundaries. When molybdenum was added to the pure iron, the sulfur contents at the grain boundaries were lowered in comparison to those in the pure iron. The molybdenum-bearing alloy showed higher fracture strength than that of the pure iron, and fractured mostly in the transgranular mode. This arises from the intrinsic effect of molybdenum on the grain boundaries as well as the decrease in sulfur content. Tn the 3.37 wt.%Si alloy, silicon and carbon or nitrogen competitively segregated to the grain boundaries, and such a competitive segregation was also observed between sulfur and carbon or nitrogen. The sulfur content at the grain boundaries decreased with increasing silicon content. The fracture modes in the 3.37- and 4.26 wt.%Si alloys were transgranular in the rolling direction, but were mostly intergranular in the transverse direction and in the as-rolled condition. The intergranular characteristic in the fracture behavior may be attributed to the detrimental effect of silicon as well as sulfur on the intergranular cohesion. Carbon and aluminum only were found at the grain boundaries of the aluminum-bearing alloy. This suggests that aluminum is a strong repulser of sulfur or nitrogen at the grain boundaries. Additionally, it was found that aluminum has a detrimental effect on grain boundary strength of ferrite.
Thermodynamics of lanthanide and uranyl complexes with tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA)

We present the results of an investigation of the thermochemistry of the complexation of La3+, Nd3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, Tm3+, and UO22+ by tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA). This predisposed structural analog to oxydiacetic acid (ODA) has been previously shown both to exhibit greater sensitivity to lanthanide cation radius than complexes with the unconstrained ODA and to form anomalously weak complexes with UO22+. Our purpose is to interpret these observations in terms of the balance between enthalpy and entropy contributions to the overall complexation thermodynamics. Enthalpies have been calculated from titration calorimetry experiments both for the protonation of the free ligand and for the formation of selected 1∶1 and 1∶2 complexes in pH 2–3 acidic media (I = 0.1 M). The complexation entropies for the lanthanide complexes have been calculated using the previously reported stability constants for the MH2L+, MHL, and M(H2L)2−. The stability constants for the uranyl complexes have been determined by potentiometric titration and these values used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters. Complexation enthalpies for the 1∶1 lanthanide–THFTCA complexes (MH2L+ species) are nearly identical to those of the lanthanide ODA complexes. Therefore, the size-selectivity observed in the lanthanide–THFTCA complexes arises from the complexation entropy. The comparative weakness of the uranyl complexes with THFTCA also is accounted for thermodynamically in the entropy term. Calculations based on an electrostatic model for complexation entropy and molecular mechanics modeling are used to help interpret the experimental results.
On the Nuclear Moments of Indium

The atomic beam method of zero moments has been applied to measure the nuclear spin, the h.f.s. $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$ of the normal $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state and the absolute magnetic moment of In 115. The spin was found to be 9/2 and the $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=0.381$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in agreement with spectroscopic results. The resolving power which was attained was sufficiently high to allow a measurement of the fine structure of the zero moment peaks. From the separation of the two $m=\ensuremath{-}3$ peaks and the diamagnetic susceptibility, we calculate the moment of indium 115 to be 6.40\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20 nuclear magnetons. From the theory of this effect which is given below, it is clear that this value does not depend on any assumption with regard to the interaction between the nuclear spin and the electron configuration. Peaks arising from the metastable $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state, lying 2212.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ above the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state were found. The intensity of these peaks is in good agreement with what is expected from quantum statistics. Their exact location will permit an evaluation of the nuclear quadrupole moment.
Id2 Complexes with the SNAG Domain of Snai1 Inhibiting Snai1-Mediated Repression of Integrin β4

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process that underlies development and cancer. Although the EMT involves alterations in the expression of specific integrins that mediate stable adhesion to the basement membrane, such as α6β4, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here, we report that Snai1 inhibits β4 transcription by increasing repressive histone modification (trimethylation of histone H3 at K27 [H3K27Me3]). Surprisingly, Snai1 is expressed and localized in the nucleus in epithelial cells, but it does not repress β4. We resolved this paradox by discovering that Id2 complexes with the SNAG domain of Snai1 on the β4 promoter and constrains the repressive function of Snai1. Disruption of the complex by depleting Id2 resulted in Snai1-mediated β4 repression with a concomitant increase in H3K27Me3 modification on the β4 promoter. These findings establish a novel function for Id2 in regulating Snai1 that has significant implications for the regulation of epithelial gene expression.
Hypolimnetic oxygenation in Twin Lakes, WA. Part II: Feeding ecology of a mixed cold- and warmwater fish community

AbstractLine-diffuser hypolimnetic oxygenation (HO) was initiated in North Twin Lake, Washington, in 2009 to mitigate loss of coldwater fishery habitat due to temperature–dissolved oxygen “habitat squeeze” and to reduce internal phosphorus cycling. Active tracking, net-captures, and hydroacoustic analyses demonstrated that trout populations rapidly expanded into increased hypolimnetic habitat within the first few years of oxygenation; however, long-term fishery benefits and many basic ecological aspects of HO have yet to be established. Diet and food web analyses indicate significant changes in feeding ecology of principal coldwater fish species in North Twin in 2012 compared to preoxygenation (2005) and to unoxygenated South Twin in 2012. North Twin rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) consumed significantly more large-bodied Daphnia during midsummer 2012 than in South Twin, where rainbow trout fed primarily on littoral amphipods. Additionally, relative gut weight for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) i...
Parameters for modeling transmission lines and transformers in transient simulations

Most investigations of power system transient behaviors are performed using computer simulation packages like the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). Scale modeling using Transient Network Analyzers (TNA) is still done, but decreasingly so as computer simulation models for system components are gradually improved. Engineers and researchers who perform transient simulations typically spend only a small amount of their total project time actually running the simulations. The bulk of their time is spent constructing the overall system model. Obtaining parameters for component models. Benchmarking the components models to confirm proper behaviors, and Benchmarking the overall system model to verify overall behavior. Only after the component models and the overall system model have been verified can one confidently proceed to run meaningful simulations. Even then, if there are some transient event records to compare against, more model benchmarking and adjustment may be required. Here, the authors present recommendations on how to obtain the parameters needed to model overhead transmission lines and transformers, the two most prevalent components of a power system.
Genomic characterization of Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 targets in nephron progenitor cells during kidney development

The Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) gene encodes a DNA- and RNA-binding protein that plays an essential role in nephron progenitor differentiation during renal development. To identify WT1 target genes that might regulate nephron progenitor differentiation in vivo, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled to mouse promoter microarray (ChIP-chip) using chromatin prepared from embryonic mouse kidney tissue. We identified 1663 genes bound by WT1, 86% of which contain a previously identified, conserved, high-affinity WT1 binding site. To investigate functional interactions between WT1 and candidate target genes in nephron progenitors, we used a novel, modified WT1 morpholino loss-of-function model in embryonic mouse kidney explants to knock down WT1 expression in nephron progenitors ex vivo. Low doses of WT1 morpholino resulted in reduced WT1 target gene expression specifically in nephron progenitors, whereas high doses of WT1 morpholino arrested kidney explant development and were associated with increased nephron progenitor cell apoptosis, reminiscent of the phenotype observed in Wt1(-/-) embryos. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive description of endogenous WT1 target genes in nephron progenitor cells in vivo, as well as insights into the transcriptional signaling networks controlled by WT1 that might direct nephron progenitor fate during renal development.
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN TRANSTHYRETIN-RELATED CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS

Although characteristic electrocardiographic (ECG) findings have been reported in light-chain amyloid (AL) with cardiac involvement, the ECG findings in transthyretin-related (TTR) cardiac amyloidosis have not been well described. The purpose of this study was to determine the ECG findings in a