cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial SIRT3 and heart disease

Sirtuins are emerging as key regulators of many cellular functions including metabolism, cell growth, apoptosis, and genetic control of ageing. In mammals there are seven sirtuin analogues, SIRT1 to SIRT7. Among them SIRT3 is unique because this is the only analogue whose increased expression has been found to be associated with extended lifespan of humans. SIRT3 levels have been shown to be elevated by exercise and calorie restriction. Although the role of SIRT3 in cell biology is only beginning to be understood, initial studies have shown that SIRT3 plays a major role in free fatty acid oxidation and maintenance of cellular ATP levels. In the heart SIRT3 has been found to block development of cardiac hypertrophy and protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Similarly, SIRT3 has been reported to have tumour-suppressive characteristics. In this article, we review the known effects of SIRT3 in different tissues and relate them to the protection of cardiomyocytes under stress.
Visual Response Properties of Striate Cortical Neurons Projecting to Area MT in Macaque Monkeys

projection neurons were predominantly “special complex,” responsive to a broad range of spatial and temporal frequencies, and sensitive to very low stimulus contrasts. The projection neurons thus comprise a homogeneous and highly specialized subset of V1 neurons, consistent with the notion that V1 acts as clearing house of basic visual measurements, distributing information appropriately to higher cortical areas for specialized analysis.
Plagiarism and Double Publication

This PDF file contains the editorial “Plagiarism and Double Publication” for OE Vol. 54 Issue 03
Adolescent twins discordant for major depressive disorder: shared familial liability to externalizing and other internalizing disorders.

Background: In adolescents, as in adults, there is often comorbidity between major depressive disorder (MDD) and many other disorders. In this study, the discordant twin method was used to investigate whether this comorbidity in adolescents may be due to a shared familial liability between MDD and other internalizing disorders, and between MDD and externalizing disorders. Methods: We examined prevalence rates of anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and childhood externalizing disorders in 624 seventeen-year-old same-sex monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Overall prevalence of MDD in this sample was 12.9%. Twenty-seven twin pairs were concordant for MDD, 107 were discordant for MDD, and 490 were concordant for no MDD. Results: Prevalence rates for disorders other than MDD were elevated in the depressed twins relative to the control twins from pairs concordant for no MDD. Prevalence rates were also elevated in the nondepressed co-twins of depressed twins. Twin concordance for disorders other than MDD was higher in twin pairs where at least one twin was depressed than in pairs where neither twin was depressed. Conclusions: These results support a shared familial liability between MDD and other internalizing disorders and between MDD and externalizing disorders in adolescents.
Use of the 8-F angio-seal vascular closure device in large-caliber arteriotomies.

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of using the 8-F Angio-Seal vascular closure device (VCD) to seal large-caliber (>8-F) access sites during percutaneous endovascular interventions.Meth...
Layered, server-based support for object-oriented application development

This paper advocates the idea that the physical modularity (file structure) of application components supported by conventional OS environments can be elevated to the level of logical modularity, which in turn can directly support application development in an object-oriented manner. We demonstrate this idea through a system-wide server that manages the manipulation of such components effectively. The server is designed to be a fundamental operating system service responsible for binding and mapping component instances into client address spaces. We show how this model solves some longstanding problems with the management of application components in existing application development environments. We demonstrate that this model's effectiveness derives from its support for the cornerstones of OO programming: classes and their instances, encapsulation, and several forms of inheritance. >
Working in the house that FACT built

The 1960's was a period of growth-and turmoil for newly minted firms in the fledgling, independent software industry. Here is an inside view of expansion efforts by Computer Sciences Corporation as it groped for strategies to maintain its position as one of the leaders in this emerging industry.
Foreign Policy Analysis: Actor‐Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations

Examining the history, conceptual breadth, and recent trends in the study of foreign policy analysis, it is clear that this subfield provides what may be the best conceptual connection to the empirical ground upon which all international relations (IR) theory is based. Foreign policy analysis is characterized by an actor-specific focus, based upon the argument that all that occurs between nations and across nations is grounded in human decision makers acting singly or in groups. FPA offers significant contributions to IR—theoretical, substantive, and methodological—and is situated at the intersection of all social science and policy fields as they relate to international affairs. A renewed emphasis on actor-specific theory will allow IR to more fully reclaim its ability to manifest human agency, with its attendant change, creativity, accountability, and meaning.
Self-similar inverse population balance modeling for turbulently prepared batch emulsions: Sensitivity to measurement errors

We investigate the sensitivity of an inverse population balance equation (PBE) modeling technique for extracting single particle functions from transient size distribution measurements. A dynamic PBE model of a turbulently agitated batch emulsification vessel is used to generate volume size distribution data under the assumption of negligible drop coalescence. The distribution data are subjected to various types of error consistent with available measurement technologies and then introduced as input data to the inverse PBE modeling algorithm, which includes validation of the self-similar assumption. The errors considered include measurement noise, data skewed towards smaller or larger drops, skewed data due to the presence of large dust peaks, and reduced resolution caused by data binning. For each case, the computed functions for the drop breakage rate and the distribution of daughter drops are compared to the actual functions to assess the impact of input data errors on the effectiveness of the inverse PBE modeling approach. The type of measurement errors considered generally lead to underprediction of the breakage rate and, consequently, to overprediction of the number of large drops. Because the estimated and actual breakage rates tend to converge at small drop sizes, the inverse algorithm generates accurate predictions of the drop size distribution at sufficiently long batch times when small drops dominate. Implications for our future work on PBE modeling of drop size distributions in pharmaceutical emulsions prepared with high pressure homogenization are discussed.
Alcohol Peer Influence of Participating in Organized School Activities: A Network Approach

Objective: This study compares the network influences on adolescent substance use from peers who coparticipated in school-sponsored organized activities (affiliation-based peer influence) with the influence both from their "nominated" friends (i.e., the adolescent named the alter as a friend), and only "reciprocated" friends (i.e., both adolescents mutually named each other as friends). The study also attempts to parse affiliation-based peer influence into the influence of both activity members who are also friends and those who are not, to address the potential confounding of these sources of peer influence. Methods: The study data consisted of a nationally representative sample of 12,551 adolescents in Grades 7-12 within 106 schools from the Add Health data. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to estimate the effects of affiliation-based and friends influence on alcohol use and drinking frequency. Results: Peer influence via organized activities (sports or clubs) with drinkers and the influence of friends who drink had significant effects on adolescent drinking. Peer influence through club activities with drinkers had a stronger effect on any drinking behavior than through sports activities with drinkers. After decomposing peer influence through activities by friendship status, influence through sport activities had a significant effect on drinking only when coparticipant drinkers were also reciprocated friends (but not nominated friends), whereas influence through club activities had a significant effect on drinking, regardless of friendship reciprocation. Conclusions: The design and implementation of school based substance use prevention and treatment programs should consider the contextual effects of school-sponsored activities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
The effects of payoff magnitude and heterogeneity on behavior in 2×2 games with unique mixed strategy equilibria

The Logit version of Quantal Response Equilibrium predicts that equilibrium behavior in games will vary systematically with payoff magnitudes, if all other factors are held constant (including the Nash equilibria of the game). We explore this in the context of a set of asymmetric 2x2 games with unique totally mixed strategy equilibria. The data provide little support for the payoff magnitude predictions of the Logit Equilibrium model. We extend the theoretical Quantal Response Equilibrium model to allow for heterogeneity, and find that the data fit the heterogeneous version of the theory significantly better.
Sex Differences in Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

Men and women may differ in their therapeutic and/or adverse responses to certain drugs. These differences can be due to sex- or sex hormone-related effects on the drug disposition process, particularly those involving drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. This chapter will review sex-associated differences in drug pharmacokinetics in general, but also focus on the special circumstances of pregnancy, menopause, and the use of hormonal contraceptives, highlighting evidence demonstrating these differences for anti-infectives. Better characterization of the impact of sex on drug dispositions would guide therapeutic choices and dosing schedule for men and women and enhance treatment outcomes for many commonly prescribed anti-infectives.
Defibrillation threshold testing in implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: might less be more than enough?

Since implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) were first introduced in the early 1980s, defibrillation threshold testing (DFT) at the time of implantation has been considered mandatory because the results have been used to predict the likelihood that these devices would successfully terminate
Management of anaplastic thyroid cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a deadly disease with a dismal prognosis. Molecular analyses of ATC tumors have yielded interesting results, which could help in understanding the underlying mechanisms of this aggressive disease process. Managing ATC can be challenging and includes rapid diagnosis, adequate staging, and interdisciplinary, multimodal treatments to optimize patient outcome. Treatments include surgical resection to gross negative margins when possible, as well as neo- or adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy or external beam radiation (XRT) for locoregional disease. New treatment strategies include evaluating the benefits of vascular disrupting agents and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced ATC with driver mutations, which can be targeted. This review summarizes key concepts in managing ATC.
Clustered and distinct: a taxonomy of local multihospital systems.

Despite their prevalence and power in markets throughout the United States, local multihospital systems (LMSs)—also referred to as hospital-based “clusters”—remain an understudied organizational form, with studies instead primarily focusing either upon individual hospitals or viewing hospital systems collectively without distinguishing the local “sub-systems” that comprise larger regional or national hospital chains. To better understand these organizational forms, we develop a taxonomy specifically devoted to LMSs, applying taxonomic analysis methods to a sample of LMSs in six U.S. states while accounting for LMSs’ geographic arrangements and non-hospital-based service locations. Our analysis identifies five distinct LMS categories, with forms clearly distinguished according to their varying degrees of differentiation and integration. The study’s results accentuate the importance of accounting for hospital systems’ activities and arrangements in local markets—including their non-hospital-based sites—and highlight differences in systems’ achievement of integration and coordination across services and locations, providing considerations in light of U.S. health system reform as well as international patterns of regional system formation.
The CEV Model Revisited

This note introduces a mathematically rigorous short time approximation of the transition density function of the CEV model. We first apply a change of variable to the CEV operator and transform it to a Schrodinger operator with an inverse square potential, and then construct a Neumann series to the new opeator under weighted Sobolev spaces. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that a mathematically rigorous construction for the CEV model is obtained in the financial mathematics literature.
Fixation of Cesium by Calcium Aluminosilicate Hydrates

Recent work by the authors has demonstrated that cesium was being incorporated in a hydrated phase as their cement-based waste forms cured. The objective of the present study was to identify the hydrated phases responsible for the observed cesium incorporation. Four calcium aluminosilicate glasses having a 1:2 Al2 O3 /CaO ratio and a 25–70 mole % silica content were mixed with ~0.3 molar CsOH or CsCl solutions (water/solid ratio = 10) and allowed to hydrate at 38° and 90°C for periods up to 90 days. Paste equivalent samples, having a water/solid ratio of 1.0 were also prepared to gauge the cementing properties of these mixtures. Solutions were analyzed for Ca, Al, Si, and Cs while solids were characterized using x-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Glasses exposed to the CsOH solution were more reactive than their counterparts exposed to the CsCl solution. In addition, reactivity as well as crystallinity seemed to be higher at 90° than at 38°C. At least two cesium-containing zeolites were identified in the 90°C CsOH solution experiment: A cesium-containing wairarkite analogue and possibly another cesium-containing zeolite unidentified at this time. The relatively complete removal of cesium from the solution, in one case, as well as the fact that the mixtures are self-cementing suggests that the glasses may be “engineered” to serve as overpack material in a deep-seated geologic repository.
Flow Separation Control over an Airfoil with Nanosecond Pulse Driven DBD Plasma Actuators

This work continues an ongoing development and use of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators driven by repetitive nanosecond pulses for high Reynolds number aerodynamic flow control. These actuators are believed to influence the flow via a thermal mechanism which is fundamentally different from the more commonly studied AC-DBD plasmas. Leading edge separation control on an 8-inch chord NACA 0015 airfoil is demonstrated at various post-stall angles of attack (α) for Reynolds numbers (Re) and Mach numbers (M) up to 1.15x10 6 and 0.26 respectively (free stream velocity, U∞ = 93 m/s). The nanosecond pulse driven DBD can extend the stall angle at low Re by functioning as an active trip. At poststall α, the device generates coherent spanwise vortices that transfer momentum from the freestream to the separated region, thus reattaching the flow. This is observed for all Re and M spanning the speed range of the subsonic tunnel used in this work. The actuator is also integrated into a feedback control system with a stagnation-line-sensing hot film on the airfoil pressure side. A simple on/off type controller that operates based on a threshold of the mean value of the power dissipated by the hot film is developed for this system. A preliminary extremum seeking controller is also investigated for dynamically varying Re. Several challenges typically associated with integration of DBD plasma actuators into a feedback control system have been overcome. The most important of these is the demonstration of control authority at realistic takeoff and landing Re and M.
Protecting Action of Procaine Against Ventricular Fibrillation Induced by Epinephrine During Cyclopropane Anesthesia

ConclusionsThe experiments presented support the contention that when procaine is administered to cyclopropanized dogs the incidence of ventricular fibrillation following epinephrine administration is reduced. Sixty percent of the animals developed ventricular fibrillation after injection of one test dose of epinephrine. When procaine was previously administered all animals were protected, and the introduction of 8 test doses of epinephrine were required to produce the fatal complication. The results also indicate that procaine may be efficient in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation induced in the dog by epinephrine during cyclopropane anesthesia. In every instance in which procaine was given intravenously at the time when ventricular tachycardia occurred following the administration of epinephrine, recovery was effected.
Degree-Day Forecasting of Generation Time of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Populations in California

The generation time of Cydia pomonella (L.), measured as the number of degree-days occurring from the start of a flight to the start of the following flight, was estimated for 176 generations in walnuts, apples, pears, and other hosts at several locations throughout California. The results show that the accumulated number of degree-days during the first generation (, 595.62 DD [≥ 10°C])was significantly lower than the number of degree-days for the second and third generations ($\bar x$, 677.68 and 685.06 DD [≥ 10°C], respectively). There was no significant difference among hosts within flights, but significant differences did exist among locations. Five published degree-day models were compared using the data set. Model accuracy, reported as root mean square error (RMSE), ranged from 6.3 to 10.8 d across generations. A degree-day model using 10°C as the lower threshold, 31.1°C as the upper threshold (horizontal cutofI), and a generation time of 619 DD provided an adequate fit to the data when all generations were considered. The median predicted duration of the first generation was 4 d too long; however, 72% of the predictions were within ≍7d of their observed date. The median predicted duration of the second generation was 2 d too short; however, 82% of the predictions were within ≍7d of their observed date.
Effects of laryngeal restriction on pharyngeal peristalsis and biomechanics: Clinical implications

To date, rehabilitative exercises aimed at strengthening the pharyngeal muscles have not been developed due to the inability to successfully overload and fatigue these muscles during their contraction, a necessary requirement for strength training. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that applying resistance against anterosuperior movement of the hyolaryngeal complex will overload the pharyngeal muscles and by repetitive swallowing will result in their fatigue manifested by a reduction in pharyngeal peristaltic amplitude. Studies were done in two groups. In group 1 studies 15 healthy subjects (age: 42 ± 14 yr, 11 females) were studied to determine whether imposing resistance to swallowing using a handmade device can affect the swallow-induced hyolaryngeal excursion and related upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening. In group 2, an additional 15 healthy subjects (age 56 ± 25 yr, 7 females) were studied to determine whether imposing resistance to the anterosuperior excursion of the hyolaryngeal complex induces fatigue manifested as reduction in pharyngeal contractile pressure during repeated swallowing. Analysis of the video recordings showed significant decrease in maximum deglutitive superior laryngeal excursion and UES opening diameter (P < 0.01) due to resistive load. Consecutive swallows against the resistive load showed significant decrease in pharyngeal contractile integral (PhCI) values (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between PhCI and successive swallows, suggesting "fatigue" (P < 0.001). In conclusion, repeated swallows against a resistive load induced by restricting the anterosuperior excursion of the larynx safely induces fatigue in pharyngeal peristalsis and thus has the potential to strengthen the pharyngeal contractile function.
Using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in the evaluation of airway dynamics (Conference Presentation)

Asthma is a chronic disease resulting in periodic attacks of coughing and wheezing due to temporarily constricted and clogged airways. The pathophysiology of asthma and the process of airway narrowing are not completely understood. Appropriate in vivo imaging modality with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to dynamically assess the behavior of airways is missing. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables real-time evaluation of the airways during dynamic and static breathing maneuvers. Our aim was to visualize the structure and function of airways in healthy and Methacholine (MCh) challenged lung. Sheep (n=3) were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and imaged with OCT in 4 dependent and 4 independent airways both pre- and post-MCh administration. The OCT system employed a 2.4 Fr (0.8 mm diameter) catheter and acquired circumferential cross-sectional images in excess of 100 frames per second during dynamic tidal breathing, 20 second static breath-holds at end-inspiration and expiration pressure, and in a response to a single deep inhalation. Markedly different airway behavior was found in dependent versus non-dependent airway segments before and after MCh injection. OCT is a non-ionizing light-based imaging modality, which may provide valuable insight into the complex dynamic behavior of airway structure and function in the normal and asthmatic lung.
Reciprocity and Discrimination: An Experiment of Hindu‐Muslim Cooperation in Indian Slums

This article shows that indirect positive reciprocity triggered by experiencing short and superficial cooperation with outgroups' individual members reduces discrimination of other members of the same group. The field research combined a lab-in-the-field experiment and a survey conducted in the slums of Mumbai, an Indian city notorious for Hindu-Muslim violence. After the treatment manipulated expectations of cooperative behavior, ethnically heterogeneous groups produced as much public goods in a public goods game as homogeneous groups. This positive experience radically reduced Hindu subjects' discriminatory attitudes towards the Muslim minority after the experiment. The effect was equally strong among voters of two extremist parties implicated in ethnic riots. The survey compared reciprocity with alternative explanations of why people discriminate against some, but not other ethnic groups. Indirect positive reciprocity and intergroup contact are associated with less, and relative size of the outgroup with more discriminatory attitudes.
Differential expression of conserved and novel microRNAs during tail regeneration in the lizard Anolis carolinensis

Lizards are evolutionarily the most closely related vertebrates to humans that can lose and regrow an entire appendage. Regeneration in lizards involves differential expression of hundreds of genes that regulate wound healing, musculoskeletal development, hormonal response, and embryonic morphogenesis. While microRNAs are able to regulate large groups of genes, their role in lizard regeneration has not been investigated. MicroRNA sequencing of green anole lizard (Anolis carolinensis) regenerating tail and associated tissues revealed 350 putative novel and 196 known microRNA precursors. Eleven microRNAs were differentially expressed between the regenerating tail tip and base during maximum outgrowth (25 days post autotomy), including miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206, which have been reported to regulate regeneration and stem cell proliferation in other model systems. Three putative novel differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in the regenerating tail tip. Differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in the regenerating lizard tail, including known regulators of stem cell proliferation. The identification of 3 putative novel microRNAs suggests that regulatory networks, either conserved in vertebrates and previously uncharacterized or specific to lizards, are involved in regeneration. These findings suggest that differential regulation of microRNAs may play a role in coordinating the timing and expression of hundreds of genes involved in regeneration.
“City of the world!”: A New Generation’s American Exceptionalism

The narrative of American exceptionalism, which seemed to have come to its postmodern, post-Cold War end in the globalizing, multicultural climate of the 1980s and 1990s, is being reclaimed by a generation of students who came of age in the aftermath of September 11. The premise of exceptionalism—the idea that America has a special place in world history because of its unique historical circumstances, institutions, and ideals—had looked, from the vantage point of the year 2000, like a parochial and anachronistic relic at a time when the world had become more technologically and economically integrated, and at a time when multicultural ist s had persuaded many Americans that in any case, we are not one people, and our history is one of division, not unity, of conflict, not consensus. The hipsters of the new millennium took a dim, conspiratorial view of America’s self-image and its arrogant assumption of a special role in the world. College students at the large urban university where I taught would glibly argue that America did not even have a culture, much less an exemplary one, and that any notion of American uniqueness and leadership was an increasingly irrelevant and dangerous political fantasy. They concluded that the nation was exceptional only in its unrivaled consumerism and the vacuousness of its popular entertainment, and they disdained the hubris of the exceptional ist narrative, joining their 1960s and 1970s predecessors in labeling exceptionalism an imperialist ideology that was responsible for American military involvement in Vietman and American intervention in Latin America.
Food Surpluses of Industrial Countries and Food Needs of Developing Regions

Until 1968 agricultural policy-makers in the industrial countries could find some rationalization for the excess food production generated by agricultural price supports and subsidies by pointing to the hunger and malnutrition that was said to exist in many parts of the world. It was not so very long ago that statements that a third or even a half of the world’s population went to bed hungry every night were accepted by many as representative of the truth. Nor was it very long ago that scare headlines or book titles such as Famine 1975, The Hungry Planet and ‘Will We Prevent Mass Starvation?’ were commonplace and plausible because of the prestige of those responsible for such dire actual or implied predictions.
Origins of the European Economy: The end of the ancient economy: a provisional balance sheet

T he economy which had sustained the Roman empire collapsed. It did so through a very long concatenation of gradual deteriorations and sharp blows. Over time, the short-term trend was neither uniform nor unidirectional: the situation improved, sometimes considerably, at various times between c. 250 and 650. But the short-term upswings were not sufficient to redress the long-term trend even when, in some areas, they lasted two or three generations. Certain regions began to decline while others were still, or once again, climbing to new heights of population and the production of wealth. This very disjuncture worked negative consequences on the interaction of different regions of the Roman empire. The situation in the closing decades of the seventh century was radically different from what had obtained even 160 years earlier. Population and settlement decline had reached the southeastern quadrant of the former Roman world at last. Whether it still continued in the areas where it had first appeared, and how exactly the newcomers, especially the Slavs and Arabs, affected it, is less clear. There is no sign that late antiquity's established or newly virulent infections were abating. In volume, variety, and also geographic range of export, the last pottery shops of Africa were producing on a scale which was but a shadow of their former selves; in the Middle East, others may have been stepping to the fore, but they are, for now, indistinct.
Performance of C-band stepped frequency of airborne Hurricane observations using Microwave Radiometer

Airborne hurricane observation is an important method compared with the space borne method, which is established by NASA Marshall Space Flight center to provide high resolution measurements. HIRAD is a new project developed by NASA which is expected to fly habitually in the future on UAV (hurricane imaging radiometry). The paper is about Performance of C-band stepped frequency of airborne Hurricane Observations, four frequencies 4, 5, 6 and 7 GHz at large off-nadir angles, operating at 10–20 km altitudes this designed to provide high data resolution of strong rain and wind conditions. Because of the rainfall and its emissivity is an important function of frequency. The paper addresses a new slope technique based on experimental brightness temperature to estimate the weak performance of sub channels for each band which is included 16 sub band. This data provided by NASA related to Gonzalo hurricane from 12 to 19 October 2014. The work also addresses a significant analysis and valuable information comes from comparing the airborne data with the different sub band at the same time. Which are very critical to predict the growth and movement to get the idea for future monitoring of the natural disaster such as the hurricane. HIRAD is a next generation of high resolution device using dual polarized operational airborne Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer to track the hurricane and measure a real time continues data. Also presents a conceptual and design goal, trades and approach of HiRAD and step frequency in airborne side.
The “Open Way of Opportunity”: Colorado Women Physicians and World War I

EVERY SATURDAY EVENING many Americans turn their devoted attention to CBS Television's "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman," the continuing story of a pioneering woman physician in post-Civil War Colorado Springs, Colorado. Michaela Quinn not only practices progressive medicine, as a feminist and activist she is the social conscience of her community. Dr. Quinn's character and current popularity are based on enduring assumptions about "the Western Woman": living on a "frontier" of rough equality unfettered (or less-fettered) by "eastern" social, economic, and political rules, she is able to pursue a profession, to exercise a strong hand in the politics of her community, and to win considerable respect and
First Fault Plane Identification in the Southern Appalachians: The mbLg Vonore, Tennessee, Earthquake of March 27, 1987

The m bLg 4.2 Vonore, Tennessee, earthquake of March 27, 1987 — although of modest size — is the second largest instrumentally located event in the southern Appalachians and the largest in the region to occur within an existing regional seismic network. An aggressive portable network deployment yielded tightly constrained hypocentral locations and focal mechanisms for the main shock and a 21-event aftershock sequence. This high quality data set has yielded several estimates of fault characteristics, heretofore unavailable, that improve the understanding of seismogenesis in the southern Appalachians. For example, we obtained excellent agreement between fault plane orientation from focal mechanisms with that from aftershock distribution; nearly pure right lateral strike-slip faulting on a near-vertical, north-south plane is indicated. Fault rupture area from aftershocks is constrained to 4.0–9.9 km 2 , with a best value of 6.6 km 2 ; seismic moment obtained from a robust regression on m bLg is M 0 =6.7(±1.5)×10 21 dyne-cm. These values yield an average slip of 23–61 mm (best value, 31 mm) and a stress drop of approximately 1 bar. Rupture was probably unilateral, initiating at a depth of 18.1(±1) km and propagating up-dip as well as laterally. The entire rupture plane is within crystalline basement rock at least 10 km beneath the Appalachian decollement, in agreement with previous models of the southern Appalachian seismogenic zone (e.g., Johnston et al., 1985). Finally we discuss two unusual phenomena and their probable association with the Vonore earthquake: surface fissuring and peripheral aftershocks.
Site inspection drone: A solution for inspecting and regulating construction sites

Motivated by the need to regulate and regularly inspect construction sites, we developed a real-time robust drone system that performs site inspection and violation detection in construction sites. The proposed system uses the drone to inspect and monitor numerous types of construction sites remotely from any control station or a nearby locations. Our drone system was developed as an entry to participate in “Drones For Good” 2015 competition, and qualified to the finals. Our proposed technological solution presented in this paper introduces the possible utilization of drone technology in the construction industry. We will first introduce the motivation and benefits of using this system, and how it's usage will increase the ability to control the health and safety, efficiency, and cost of the site inspection process. We will then detail the technical components of the drone, and present the results of experiments and evaluations conducted in realistic scenarios.
The Implications of Reduced Testing for Teacher Accountability

Every-grade, every-year testing plays a prominent part in U.S. education policy and research, but the rise of standardized testing has been met with frustration and opposition. In response, policym...
Frame scalability in dynamical sampling

Let ℍ be the finite dimensional Hilbert space ℝn or ℂ n . We consider a subset G ⊂ ℍ and a dynamical operator A ∶ ℍ → ℍ. The collection equation is called a dynamical system, where L = (L 1 , …, L p ) is a vector of non-negative integers. Under certain conditions F G L(A) is a frame for ℍ; in such a case, we call this system a dynamical frame, generated by operator A and set G. A frame is a spanning set of a Hilbert space and a tight frame is a special case of a frame which admits a reconstruction formula similar to that of an orthonormal basis. Because of this simple formulation of reconstruction, tight frames are employed in many applications. Given a spanning set of vectors in ℍ satisfying a certain property, one can manipulate the length of the vectors to obtain a tight frame. Such a spanning set is called a scalable frame. In this contribution, we study the relations between the operator A, the set G and the number of iterations L which ensure that the dynamical system F G L (A) is a scalable frame.
Dynamic grouping of cooperating vehicles using a receding horizon controller for ground target search and track missions

Teams of unmanned vehicles are capable of accomplishing a wide variety of mission objectives, such as searching for and tracking targets. In this paper, a receding horizon control is utilized with information based reward measures to accomplish these two competing mission objectives. This approach for cooperatively searching and tracking has proven to be effective in past work. However, it is not generally scalable for large numbers of vehicles due to the computational expense required when generating joint path decisions. This paper proposes a method to dynamically group vehicles with neighbors that have intersecting decision spaces, thus reducing computational cost while still maintaining reasonable performance. Each vehicle also decides its ideal event horizon based upon inferred knowledge of the operational environment, further reducing cost.
Analysis of Resonance Between a VSC-HVDC Converter and the AC Grid

A 1270 Hz resonance occurred between ±350 kV/ 1000 MW Luxi back-to-back voltage source converter based high-voltage dc transmission (VSC-HVDC) converter and the 525 kV ac grid after disconnection of several ac transmission lines. To understand the resonance and find a solution, the impedance-based stability analysis model considering different equipment is first established. Then, the resonance is analyzed and repeated in the simulation based on the established model. The system stability can be judged by the ratio of grid impedance to the equivalent impedance of all parallel-connected equipment with the converter. To evaluate the occurrence and risk of resonance, the frequency range where the impedance has a negative-real-part has been searched and studied. In order to narrow the negative-real-part region to avoid potential resonance, solutions such as control strategy improvement and passive or active impedance adapter may be applicable and are discussed. For a complex system containing various equipment, the equipment can be divided into several subsectors to avoid modeling all possible combinations of equipment, which can be exhausting. And analysis has shown sufficient but not necessary condition to stabilize the system is to avoid the negative-real-part region in each sector.
Culture-Facilitated Comparative Genomics of the Facultative Symbiont Hamiltonella defensa

Many insects host facultative, bacterial symbionts that confer conditional fitness benefits to their hosts. Hamiltonella defensa is a common facultative symbiont of aphids that provides protection against parasitoid wasps. Protection levels vary among strains of H. defensa that are also differentially infected by bacteriophages named APSEs. However, little is known about trait variation among strains because only one isolate has been fully sequenced. Generating complete genomes for facultative symbionts is hindered by relatively large genome sizes but low abundances in hosts like aphids that are very small. Here, we took advantage of methods for culturing H. defensa outside of aphids to generate complete genomes and transcriptome data for four strains of H. defensa from the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Chosen strains also spanned the breadth of the H. defensa phylogeny and differed in strength of protection conferred against parasitoids. Results indicated that strains shared most genes with roles in nutrient acquisition, metabolism, and essential housekeeping functions. In contrast, the inventory of mobile genetic elements varied substantially, which generated strain specific differences in gene content and genome architecture. In some cases, specific traits correlated with differences in protection against parasitoids, but in others high variation between strains obscured identification of traits with likely roles in defense. Transcriptome data generated continuous distributions to genome assemblies with some genes that were highly expressed and others that were not. Single molecule real-time sequencing further identified differences in DNA methylation patterns and restriction modification systems that provide defense against phage infection.
A Novel Amyloidogenic Variant of Apolipoprotein AI : Implications for a Conformational Change Leading to Cardiomyopathy

Amyloidosis is a broad term for a group of diseases which have in common the extracellular deposition of pathological insoluble fibrillar proteins in organs and tissues. 1 Although unrelated in primary sequence and metabolic roles, almost all amyloid proteins exhibit β-pleated sheet secondary structure in their normal environments and green birefringence on polarization microscopy after Congo red staining, and deposit as nonbranching, insoluble, highly ordered fibrils. 2,3 The protein in the fibril and the pathogenesis of the disease is unique for each type of amyloid. 1 The mechanism(s) by which such a diverse array of proteins with different metabolic roles become insoluble and deposit as pathological fibrils, damaging tissues and organs and ultimately causing death, are unknown.
Floseal only versus in combination in spine surgery: a comparative, retrospective hospital database evaluation of clinical and healthcare resource outcomes

Objective: Flowable agents such as Floseal® (F) are often reserved as adjuncts to non-flowable agents (i.e. gelatin (G) sponges and thrombin (T)) when bleeding is not sufficiently controlled. Based...
DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF NEURO-MUSCULATURE SYSTEM IN THE FOREARM

ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of a realistic mathematical model of the neuro-musculo skeletal system of the human forearm. To facilitate an analytical model, ten cadevers were studied anayomically to define the points of origin and insertion of the elbow flexors and extensors and the kinematic equations are derived from the model. Dynamic behavior of skeletal muscle is described with a viscoelastic model consisting of parallel elastic element, damper and a passive elastic element. The quantitative relationship between mechanical response and some appropriate measure of neural activation is obtained by integrated electromyogram. To determine the parameters involved in the analytical model, a series of experiments, isometric tension, static load, constant rotation and quick release experiment are performed and carefully studied.
Relationships of metabolic hormones and serum glucose to growth and reproductive development in performance-tested Angus, Brangus, and Brahman bulls.

Understanding mechanisms that regulate growth and reproduction are important for improving selection strategies in cattle. In this study, Angus, Brangus, and Brahman bulls (n = 7 per breed) of similar age were selected from a group of 65 weanlings. Bulls were evaluated after weaning (i.e., approximately 6 mo of age) for 112 d for serum concentrations of metabolic hormones and glucose, growth, and reproductive traits. Performance data and blood sera were collected on d 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Sera were also collected in periods from d 50 to 59 (56D) and 103 to 112 (112D). Angus bulls were heavier (P 0.82) in the 56D and 112D periods among these breeds. Leptin was also useful in predicting (P 0.32). Residual correlation analyses with the effect of breed removed suggested that leptin was correlated (r > or => 0.53, P < 0.05) with both SC and serum testosterone. Angus and Brahman cattle differ in phenotype, level of adiposity, and rate of sexual development. Data herein suggest that these characteristics could be due to varying mechanisms by which metabolic hormones such as leptin, GH, and(or) IGF-I are regulated.
Moralizing White Male Nostalgia: Richard Wright’s Savage Holiday

This chapter analyzes Richard Wright’s literary depiction of a representative white male psyche in terms of the author’s critically cognizant black perspective. In Savage Holiday (1954), an overtly Freudian crime novel, a white male insurance executive boils over while trying to contain his emotions in obedience to his era’s expectations of white, middle-class, Christian-oriented career men. Wright exposes the violent side of the nostalgic underpinnings of a collective, besieged white masculine psyche that partially bolsters itself with claims of moral superiority. This chapter advances recently renewed scholarly interest in Wright’s novel by reading its visceral excesses as an allegorical satire on its era’s collective white male emotions, including their grounding in nostalgia and relationally constructed morality. Wright satirizes both ironically immoral white supremacy and postwar white male longings for an earlier social eminence.
Stealing Harman’s Thought: knowledge saboteurs and dogmatists

You receive a pink packet from Miss Lead, a notoriously deceptive truth-teller. You know that if you open the packet and do not find blank pages, then you will justifiably change your mind about the evidence being misleading. Indeed, you will infer that your previous fears about misleading evidence were themselves founded on misleading evidence. Should you open the pink packet? No, answers an advocate of self-censorship. Yes, answers an advocate of the principle that you should base conclusions on all the available evidence. Your final deliberations will be guided by Gilbert Harman’s Thought. Ultimately, the case against opening the packet prevails.
Therapeutic use of steroids in non-chronic rhinosinusitis olfactory dysfunction: a systematic evidence-based review with recommendations.

Background Olfactory loss is a common and debilitating disease with limited treatment options, particularly for olfactory dysfunction not related to sinonasal inflammation. Both topical and systemic steroids have been used as treatments for olfactory loss. This study systematically reviews the literature on the efficacy of steroids for non-chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS)-related olfactory loss and provides recommendations. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria included original data, English-language articles on steroid treatment (topical and systemic) for olfactory loss unrelated to sinonasal inflammation. Data was collected on study design, olfaction dysfunction etiology, clinical outcomes, and level of evidence. Two investigators reviewed all articles independently, with a third acting as a mediator for any disagreements in recommendation. Results Of 866 abstracts identified, only 15 studies met inclusion criteria and were systematically reviewed. Level 4 evidence suggests oral steroids can improve olfactory loss. Level 1B evidence demonstrates topical steroid rinses improve olfactory dysfunction in a select group of patients. Topical steroid sprays show no improvement across several levels of evidence. Conclusion There is a paucity of high-quality studies demonstrating efficacy of either topical or oral steroids for olfactory dysfunction unrelated to sinonasal disease. The only level 1 evidence suggests using steroid rinses to improve olfactory outcomes in select patients, with weaker evidence supporting use of oral steroids. Topical steroid sprays do not improve olfactory dysfunction in this patient population and are not recommended.
Academic and Social Integration: Psychosocial Support and the Role of Developmental Networks in the DBA.

ABSTRACTThis research presents a three year case study examining the impact of social support and isolation in the doctorate of business administration (DBA) on professional outcomes these graduates have experienced. Through individual reflections, participant-observer conversations and a short open-ended questionnaire, social support derived from multiple developmental networks contributed to reducing academic and social isolation in their DBA programme. Academic and social engagement also related to professional outcomes such as scholarly participation and output, workplace contributions and identity development. The DBA process and completion meant deeper engagement applying scholarship in their daily work. It could manifest as leadership of scholarly communities and presenting dissertation research at national and international venues. Participants described engaging professional communities with the dual identities of graduate students in training as researchers and senior colleagues responsible for ...