cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 HopPtoM (CEL ORF3) is important for lesion formation but not growth in tomato and is secreted and translocated by the Hrp type III secretion system in a chaperone‐dependent manner

Summary Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a patho- gen of tomato and Arabidopsis that injects virulence effector proteins into host cells via a type III secretion system (TTSS). TTSS-deficient mutants have a Hrp - phenotype, that is, they cannot elicit the hypersensi- tive response (HR) in non-host plants or pathogene- sis in host plants. Mutations in effector genes typically have weak virulence phenotypes (apparently due to redundancy), but deletion of six open reading frames (ORF) in the DC3000 conserved effector locus (CEL) reduces parasitic growth and abolishes disease symptoms without affecting function of the TTSS. The inability of the D CEL mutant to cause disease symp- toms in tomato was restored by a clone expressing two of the six ORF that had been deleted: CEL ORF3 (HopPtoM) and ORF4 (ShcM). A D hopPtoM :: nptII mutant was constructed and found to grow like the wild type in tomato but to be strongly reduced in its production of necrotic lesion symptoms. HopPtoM expression in DC3000 was activated by the HrpL alter- native sigma factor, and the protein was secreted by the Hrp TTSS in culture and translocated into Arabi- dopsis cells by the Hrp TTSS during infection. Secre- tion and translocation were dependent on ShcM, which was neither secreted nor translocated but, like typical TTSS chaperones, could be shown to interact with HopPtoM, its cognate effector, in yeast two- hybrid experiments. Thus, HopPtoM is a type III effec- tor that, among known plant pathogen effectors, is unusual in making a major contribution to the elicita- tion of lesion symptoms but not growth in host tomato leaves.
Diagnosis of Canine Lymphoid Neoplasia Using Clonal Rearrangements of Antigen Receptor Genes

Although the diagnosis of canine leukemia and lymphoma in advanced stages is usually uncomplicated, some presentations of the disease can be a diagnostic challenge. In certain situations, lymphoma and leukemia can be difficult to distinguish from a benign reactive proliferation of lymphocytes. Because clonality is the hallmark of malignancy, we have developed an assay that uses the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the variable regions of immunoglobulin genes and T-cell receptor genes to detect the presence of a clonal lymphocyte population. The assay detected clonally rearranged antigen receptor genes in 91% of the 77 dogs with lymphoid malignancy. Of the 24 dogs tested, that were either healthy or had clearly defined conditions not related to lymphoid malignancy, a clonally rearranged antigen receptor gene was found in one (a dog with Ehrlichia canis infection). Gene rearrangement was appropriate for the immunophenotype (immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in B-cell leukemias and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement in T-cell leukemias). Dilution analysis showed that the clonal rearrangement could be detected when 0.1-10% of the DNA was derived from neoplastic cells, depending on the source tissue. Potential applications of this assay include the diagnosis of lymphoma or leukemia in biopsy samples, cavity fluids, fine needle aspirates, bone marrow and peripheral blood; the determination of lineage (B or T cell); staging of lymphoma; and detection of residual disease after chemotherapy.
A Context-Sensitive Approach for Web Database Query Results Ranking

To deal with the problem of too many results returned from a Web database in response to a user query, this paper proposes a novel approach, which takes advantage of the contextual preferences to precompute a few representative orders of tuples and uses them to expeditiously provide ranked answers factoring in the information contained in the query. Contextual preferences take the form that item i1 is preferred to item i2 with an interest degree in the context of X. This paper formally defines contextual preferences, provides algorithms for creating tuple orders, clustering orders and processing queries, and presents experimental results to show their efficiency.
Unusual Complication of Aortic Root Reconstruction with Sparing of the Aortic Valve: Left Ventricular Outflow Tract to Right Atrial Fistula

The technique of aortic root reconstruction with sparing of the native aortic valve has been adopted in patients with dilatation or dissection of the aortic root and normal, functional aortic valve leaflets. We report two patients who developed an unusual complication of this surgical procedure: a left ventricular outflow tract to right atrial fistula. The clinical presentation of these patients, the steps leading to the diagnosis of the fistula, and the mechanism of fistula development are outlined. Specific emphasis is placed on echocardiographic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a left ventricular outflow tract to right atrial fistula.
Encapsulation and Reactivity of Proteins in Optically Transparent Porous Silicate Glasses Prepared by the Sol-Gel Method

Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), myoglobin, hemoglobin and glucose oxidase are encapsulated in stable, optically transparent, porous, silica glass matrices synthesized under mild conditions using novel sol-gel synthetic techniques. The biomolecules retain their characteristic reactivities and spectroscopic properties. The porous glasses allow transport of small molecules into and out of the glasses at reasonable rates but retain the protein molecules within the pores. The chemical reactions of the immobilized proteins are monitored by means of changes in their visible absorption spectra. Four encapsulated proteins are studied: CuZnSOD reacts with CN−; metmyoglobin is reduced to its deoxy form and then reacts with O2 to make the oxy form and CO to make the carbonyl form; methemoglobin is reduced to its deoxy form and reacted with CO to make the carbonyl form; and glucose oxidase is reacted with glucose to make gluconic acid.
Some examples of creative achievement during later maturity and old age.

(1949). Some Examples of Creative Achievement during Later Maturity and Old Age. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 49-79.
On heat capacity and parabolic measure

Soit Ω⊆R x,t 2 un domaine regulier de Dirichlet pour l'equation de la chaleur H≡∂ 2 /∂x 2 -∂∂t=0. On definit la notion de mesure parabolique et on etudie les liens avec la chaleur massique
On-line control strategies to minimize peak loads on mine conveyor networks using surge units with variable discharging capability

Earlier work has shown how differences in material transit times from surge units to transfer points in a mine conveyor network enable precise forecasts of load levels that will be intersected by the discharge of a controlled surge unit over future time intervals. Using these forecasts, control policies can be determined that specify the unit's discharge rates over a planning horizon in a manner that prevents peaks in the combined flow at the transfer point from exceeding belt capacity limits while simultaneously insuring adequate unit through-flow to prevent it from becoming a production bottleneck. This paper first extends this control approach to the case where the differences in transit times between surge units are small. It is shown that multiple units should be considered simultaneously when determining control actions, and a dynamic programming approach is given for determining the optimal control policy in such a situation. Subsequently the application of this approach is considered for longwall mines where flow from the longwall is not controlled but the discharge rates of continuous miner section feeders are adjusted in real time to prevent belt overloading while minimizing any production constraint from the continuous miner units. This application requires special treatment for the highly variable material flow pattern produced by longwalls. The practical utility of these approaches is evaluated through detailed simulation studies. >
Treatment selection for cancer patients: application of statistical decision theory to the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer

Optimal treatment selection for patients with chronic disease, especially advanced cancer, requires careful consideration in weighing risks and benefits of each therapy. The application of statistical decision theory to such problems provides an explicit and systematic means of combining information on risks and benefits with individual patient preferences on quality-of-life issues. This paper evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology by using, as an example, treatment selection in advanced ovarian cancer. Possible treatment options and the major consequences of each are first outlined on a decision tree. The probability of various outcomes is estimated from the literature and methods for assessing the relative value or utility of each outcome are illustrated by interviews with 9 volunteers. Based on decision analysis, the recommended treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is found to be highly dependent on survival estimates but far less dependent on other probability estimates or the method of obtaining utilities. Individual preferences are also found to influence the treatment choice. The analysis illustrates that an important strength in using decision theory is its ability to identify key factors in the decision through sensitivity analysis. This may help both the physician selecting treatment and the investigator planning clinical trials which compare these therapies. In addition, this method can help in planning a trial's sample size by determining what survival difference between therapeutic strategies is worth detecting. Some problems identified with this methodology include the need for several simplifying assumptions and the difficulties in assessing individual preferences. On balance, we believe decision theory in this setting can play a useful role in complementing the physician's clinical judgement.
Epitaxial films stabilized by long-range forces

It has been widely accepted that the stability of an epitaxial film on a substrate of a different material is determined primarily by the competition between surface tension and stress. Here we propose that certain thermodynamic driving forces of different physical origins, acting over longer ranges than atomic length, can be strong enough to compete with elasticity. Specifically, we show that the ubiquitous dispersion force can compete effectively with the stress in thin solid films. We further show that the confined electrons within a metal film can mediate a surprisingly long-ranged force capable of stabilizing metal films of many atomic layers, leading to the existence of a thickness window within which smooth metal films can be formed. thinsp {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Ectoparasite Diversity and Exposure to Vector-Borne Disease Agents in Wild Rodents in Central Coastal California

A survey of wild rodents was performed in the Morro Bay area of central coastal California to determine serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Dumler, Barbet, Bekker, Dasch, Palmer, Ray, Rikihisa, and Rurangirwa, Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmidt, Hyde, Steigerwalt, and Brenner, Francisella tularensis McCoy, and Yersinia pestis Yersin; to describe the ectoparasitic fauna on important vector-borne disease hosts; and to determine whether pathogen exposure was associated with infestation by ectoparasites. We trapped 411 rodents from 10 species in 2004 and 2005. Anaplasma phagocytophilum exposure was detected in 11% of all wild rodents tested, with seropositive animals in eight species. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected by PCR amplification in Neotoma fuscipes Baird and Reithrodontomys megalotis Baird (0.6% of all rodents). Yersinia spp. exposure was identified in 3.2% of all rodents tested, with highest detected exposure in peridomestic rodents, Mus musculus L. (20%), and Rattus rattus L. (50%). No individuals tested positive for the Y. pestis pla gene by PCR. In total, 338 fleas were identified from each of 10 rodent species examined. The most abundant flea was Malareus telchinus Rothschild. Relative density of flea infestation was highest on Spermophilus beecheyi Richardson and Microtus californicus Peale. Ticks recovered from trapped animals included Ixodes angustus Neumann, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, Ixodes spinipalpis Hadwen & Nuttall, and Dermacentor occidentalis Marx. Given the moderate climate and diversity of rodents and arthropods in the Morro Bay area, ongoing investigation of this region will be helpful in understanding disease maintenance cycles.
The role of zinc and other trace metals in pediatric nutrition and health.

Specific deficiency syndromes for copper, zinc, and chromium have been identified and it is quite probable that deficiencies of other trace elements necessary for normal growth and development will be recognized in the future. Pediatricians should be aware of the practical importance of these micronutrients and of the circumstances in which deficiencies are likely to occur in order that these may be prevented or recognized and treated appropriately.
New Technologies and Regulatory Approaches: Crisis, Danger or Opportunity for Copyright and Trademark Law in the United States

New technologies often pose challenges to the existing intellectual property regime. This chapter explores three possible government policy responses to new technologies. First, a government can “do not harm” and not affirmatively regulate the technology. Second, a government may wait for the relevant industry to self-regulate or create policies that provide an incentive for private sector self-regulation. Third, a government may affirmatively regulate the new technology or change existing intellectual property laws. This chapter will first summarize the key principles of U.S. copyright and trademark law, and then in the context of the Internet analyze how U.S. government policy makers have used all three approaches to solve copyright or trademark problems posed by the Internet. The chapter then concludes that the most appropriate governmental response to new technology in an early stage of the technology for the government to patiently wait until the technology matures or to facilitate private sector self-regulation, and as the technology matures or if self-regulation fails, government regulation may be appropriate.
Leveraging mobile smart devices to improve interprofessional communications in inpatient practice setting: A literature review

As mobile smart device use has increased in society, the healthcare community has begun using these devices for communication among professionals in practice settings. The purpose of this review is to describe primary literature which reports on the experiences with interprofessional healthcare communication via mobile smart devices. Based on these findings, this review also addresses how these devices may be utilized to facilitate interprofessional education (IPE) in health professions education programs. The literature search revealed limited assessments of mobile smart device use in clinical practice settings. In available reports, communication with mobile smart devices was perceived as more effective and faster among interdisciplinary members. Notable drawbacks included discrepancies in the urgency labeling of messages, increased interruptions associated with constant accessibility to team members, and professionalism breakdowns. Recently developed interprofessional competencies include an emphasis on ensuring that health profession students can effectively communicate on interprofessional teams. With the increasing reliance on mobile smart devices in the absence of robust benefit and risk assessments on their use in clinical practice settings, use of these devices may be leveraged to facilitate IPE activities in health education professions programs while simultaneously educating students on their proper use in patient care settings.
The Measure of Just Compensation

This article is a response to a little-noticed aspect of the reaction to the U.S. Supreme Court's 2005 decision in Kelo v. City of New London: the renewed discussion that the case has prompted about how much compensation homeowners should be paid when governments take their houses. Since Kelo, there have been many proposals to increase the compensation that governments have to pay when they take property. These proposals are aimed at deterring governments from taking property in the first place and increasing the compensation that takees receive. In light of questions that three justices asked during the oral argument of Kelo about compensation for eminent domain, some observers have predicted that the Supreme Court might take a case about compensation for eminent domain. I argue that the current debate about compensation for eminent domain is being conducted within too narrow a framework because many of the existing proposals start from the same assumption about the appropriate measure of takings compensation. Many of these proposals, like current compensation law, assume that takings compensation ideally should leave takees subjectively indifferent to a taking. I critique the idea that takings compensation should aim to leave takees subjectively indifferent to a taking. I argue instead that we should aim to leave takees objectively indifferent to a taking. Furthermore, I sketch an objective compensation measure that contrasts with the subjective ideal that underlies existing takings compensation law and many of the current reform proposals.
Structure and Function of the Male Accessory Reproductive Systems

The development and relationships of the insect male reproductive system were reviewed in Chapter 2. In this Chapter the structure, function and regulation of the male accessory reproductive structures are discussed. As for the female system, the coverage will not consider the differentiation of the sex cells themselves, but concentrate on the role of the various adjunct cells and structures which contribute to the development, maintenance and transport of the sperm. The major emphasis will be on the male accessory glands.
Cytogenetic observations in Culex tarsalis: mitosis and meiosis.

The current interest in using induced compound chromosomes and other specific chromosomal anomalies as possible tools for population reduction and/or transporting mechanisms for desired genotypes suggests the need for basic cytogenetic information on the medically important mosquito, Culex tarsalis . In this study the description and behavior of the chromosomes in mitotic and meiotic cycles are followed in sequential cell divisions to ascertain the normal patterns in spermatogenesis. Observations are compared to the reported data of similar work on other species of mosquitoes.
AFL Unions in the 1930s: Their Performance in Historical Perspective

HE 1930s have been regarded as a pivotal period in the development of a modern organized labor movement in the United States. Historians have noted the rapid growth in membership of both old and new unions and the concomitant changes during these years in the political and economic environment of collective bargaining. In the course of their studies, these scholars have successfully analyzed many of the factors that played a role in that growth.' By concentrating primarily on factors peculiar to the 1930s, however, these scholars have remained within the dominant tradition of American labor history that has been organized around events and has emphasized the simple dichotomies they appear to illustrate. Thus, analysis of the rapid growth of unionism in the 1 930s has concentrated largely on strikes, contracts, federal legislation, and the effects of the confrontation between two rival federations on the institutional structure of the labor movement. Operating from within this tradition, historians have generally agreed that the 1930s saw the ascendancy of industrial over craft unionism.2 The industrially organized unions of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) broke with the American Federation of Labor (AFL), established themselves as a rival federation, succeeded for the first time in organizing the workers employed in
A Hybrid Algorithm for Power System State Estimation Based on PMU Measurement and SCADA Measurement

The data matching problem in aligning the phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurement and SCADA measurement is studied. The state conversion forecast is used to get the forecast state and node injection current vector. A linear static state estimation algorithm using PMU real-time measurement and forecast node injection current vector, and a linear dynamic state estimation algorithm using PMU real-time measurement and forecast state are proposed. By combining the two algorithms and traditional state estimation, a hybrid algorithm suitable for any PMU placement status is formed. The linear state estimation algorithm is used to reduce the calculating time and traditional state estimation algorithm to ensure calculating accuracy. The effectiveness of the algorithm proposed is illustrated with numerical simulation using the IEEE 30-bus system.
Design and Implementation of Small Campus Network

The simple data-sharing networks of the enterprises in previous period have been developed into the internal source sharing networks of the modern enterprises.That is,the single location networks have been evolved into interconnect branch networks around the world.Therefore,the technology requirements for the design and implementation of small campus networks have become increasingly critical.Proceeding from the analysis of the demands of networking in all aspects,based on the use of the idea of establishing the modern small campus network is proposed with the scientific IP planning based on the deep comprehension and application of VLAN in essence.The network has a number of advantages of high security,high reliability,easy maintenance and scalability.
Modeling of Contact Resistance in Ground System and Analysis on Its Influencing Factors

Proper calculation of contact resistance between grounding device and soil is important for raising the level of ground grids design and construction,as well as selecting suitable conductor sizes.Generally,it is not accurately considered in actual ground project for the sake of no accurate method for calculating.Consequently,we established a simulation model,by which calculations were made on the contact resistance under different conditions with ANSYS(finite element software).By theoretical calculation,conductor sizes and soil nature were figured out to be main factors affecting the magnitude of the contact resistance.To easily calculate the contact resistance of complex grounding grids,a simplified model was built based on original model,with which contact resistances of different grounding grids were calculated in CDEGS(software for grounding analysis).In order to give advices for design and construction of grounding,methods are proposed to reduce contact resistance in actual project.
Gas chromatographic method for determining strychnine residues in alfalfa

A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure is described for determining strychnine in alfalfa with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Alfalfa samples containing strychnine residues are chopped and extracted in a blender using ethyl acetate, sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate, and the organic extract is extracted with 0.1N H2SO4 solution, made basic, and subsequently extracted with methylene chloride. Following concentration, the strychnine residues are quantitated by peak height, using an external standard. Recoveries for 0.05 ppm spikes were 88 +/- 11%.
Burning mouth syndrome associated with varicella zoster virus.

We present two cases of burning mouth syndrome (BMS)—of 8-month duration in a 61-year-old woman and of 2-year duration in a 63-year-old woman—both associated with increased levels of antivaricella zoster virus (VZV) IgM antibodies in serum and with pain that improved with antiviral treatment. Combined with our previous finding of BMS due to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, we recommend evaluation of patients with BMS not only for VZV or HSV-1 DNA in the saliva, but also for serum anti-VZV and anti-HSV-1 IgM antibodies. Both infections are treatable with oral antiviral agents.
Design Without Designer

New knowledge has led us to realize that the theory of evolution is no longer a mere hypothesis. It is indeed remarkable that this theory has been progressively accepted by researchers, following a series of discoveries in various fields of knowledge. The convergence, neither sought nor fabricated, of the results of work that was conducted independently is in itself a significant argument in favor of this theory.
Mycobacterial Spindle Cell Pseudotumor

Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor is a form of granulomatous inflammation in response to infection by mycobacterial species in which histiocytes exhibit spindle cell morphology. Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor is a rare form of mycobacterial lymphadenopathy, also termed histoid form, most commonly caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) and, to a lesser extent, M. leprae and M. tuberculosis. The majority of patients are immunocompromised, usually with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although most cases of mycobacterial spindle cell tumor involve lymph nodes, involvement of skin, spleen, and brain can also be seen.
Variations in mRNA and protein levels of Ikaros family members in pediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Background: Pediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly heterogeneous disease in which the cells share phenotypic characteristics with normal human thymocytes. The Ikaros family of transcription factors includes five members that are required for normal T cell development and are implicated in leukemogenesis. The goal of this work was to correlate the pattern of expression of Ikaros family members with the phenotype of the T-ALL cells. Methods: We obtained twenty-four samples from pediatric T-ALL patients and used multi-parameter flow cytometry to characterize each sample, comparing the phenotype of the leukemic cells with normal human thymocytes. Then, we defined the expression levels of each Ikaros family member to determine whether the mRNA levels or splicing or protein levels were similar to the normal patterns seen during human T cell development. Results: Multi-parameter analysis of the phenotype of T-ALL cells revealed that each patient’s cells were unique and could not be readily correlated with stages of T cell development. Similarly, the pattern of Ikaros expression varied among patients. In most patients, Ikaros mRNA was the dominant family member expressed, but some patients’ cells contained mostly Helios, Aiolos, or Eos mRNA. Despite that most patients had elevated mRNA levels of Ikaros family members and unique patterns of mRNA splicing, most patients had significantly reduced protein levels of Ikaros and Aiolos. Conclusions: Our analysis of the cell phenotype and Ikaros expression levels in T-ALL cells revealed the extent of heterogeneity among patients. While it is rarely possible to trace leukemic cells to their developmental origin, we found distinct patterns of Ikaros family mRNA levels in groups of patients. Further, mRNA and protein levels of Ikaros and Aiolos did not correlate, indicating that mRNA and protein levels are regulated via distinct mechanisms.
Curcumin Downregulates NF-kB and Related Genes in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Results of a Phase I/II Study.

Although the role of NF-kB and STAT3 pathways in proliferation/metastasis of various tumor cells is well established, no agent has been described which could downregulate the activation of these transcription factors in cancer patients (pts). Curcumin has been shown to potently suppress the activation of these transcription factors in cultured cells. Based on these observations, we initiated a clinical trial of curcumin alone (administered orally at 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 grams/day in 2 divided doses) or in combination with Bioperine (10 mg in 2 divided doses) for 12 weeks in multiple myeloma (MM) pts. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical safety and biologic effects in MM pts who had asymptomatic, relapsed/refractory, or plateau phase disease. Blood was collected for PK/PD and PBMCs were examined (baseline and during treatment) for evaluating the effect of treatment on expression of NF-kB (p65), COX-2 and phospho-STAT3 as surrogate biomarkers. NF-kB activation status was also measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. At least 6 pts are enrolled at each dose level; 3 on the curcumin arm and 3 on the curcumin + bioperine arm. Pts with at least stable disease were allowed to continue treatment up to one year. Treatment with curcumin and bioperine has been well tolerated, with no significant adverse events. At the 12 grams dose level, 2 of the 5 pts had difficulty swallowing the large number of capsules. Of the 29 evaluable pts treated so far, no objective responses have been seen. Twelve pts continued treatment for more than 12 weeks and 5 (1 patient at 4 grams, 2 pts at 6 grams, and 2 pts at 8 grams dose levels) completed one year of treatment with stable disease. With few exceptions, little if any free drug was found in the plasma. Total curcumin levels (mostly conjugated drug) were dependent on both dose and the duration of administration. PBMCs from 28 MM pts examined showed constitutively active NF-kB (mean ± STD, 74.2% ± 14.0 positive cells), COX2 (66% ± 15.4), and STAT3 (52.8% ± 19.2). Oral administration of curcumin significantly downregulated the constitutive activation of NF-kB (at 3 months a median reduction of 77%, p Conclusions: This is the first report to indicate that curcumin, a highly safe agent, is bioavailable and can downregulate NF-kB, STAT3 and COX2 in MM pts. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for curcumin that can be further investigated either alone or as a modulator of chemo-resistance in combination with other active agents.
Bioengineering Hearts: Simple yet Complex

In this review, we focus on the multiple advancements in the field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine and the state-of-the art of building a heart. An organ is comprised of cells, but cells alone do not comprise an organ. We summarize the components needed, the hurdles, and likely translational steps defining the opportunities for discovery. The therapies being developed in regenerative medicine aim not only to repair, but also to regenerate or replace ailing tissues and organs. The first generation of cardiac regenerative medicine was gene therapy. The past decade has focused primarily on cell therapy, particularly for repair after ischemic injury with mixed results. Although cell therapy is promising, it will likely never reverse end-stage heart failure; and thus, the unmet need is, and will remain, for organs. Scientists have now tissue engineering and regenerative medicine concepts to invent alternative therapies for a wide spectrum of diseases encompassing cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, musculoskeletal, ocular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Current studies focus on potential scaffolds and applying concepts and techniques learned with testbeds to building human sized organs. Special focus has been given to scaffold sources, cells types and sources, and cell integration with scaffolds. The complexity arises in combining them to yield an organ. Regenerative medicine has emerged as one of the most promising fields of translational research and has the potential to minimize both the need for, and increase the availability of, donor organs. The field is characterized by its integration of biology, physical sciences, and engineering. The proper integration of these fields could lead to off-the-shelf bioartificial organs that are suitable for transplantation. Building a heart will necessarily require a scaffold that can provide cardiac function. We believe that the advent of decellularization methods provides complex, unique, and natural scaffold sources. Ultimately, cell biology and tissue engineering will need to synergize with scaffold biology, finding cell sources and reproducible ways to expand their numbers is an unmet need. But tissue engineering is moving toward whole organ synthesis at an unparalleled pace.
Linear Drive Stirling Cryocoolers: Qualification and Life Testing Results

Linear drive Stirling cryocooler designs for tactical infrared (IR) sensor system applications have matured to the stage of undergoing formal qualification test programs. Texas Instruments has designed a complete family of coolers for these tactical applications and has completed qualification programs successfully for two of these designs. Tested were the cryocoolers for the Integral Detector Assembly (IDA) and the Javelin antitank missile system’s Command and Launch Unit (CLU).
The operant conditioning of fighting behavior in rats

Fighting behavior was conditioned in paired rats according to operant principles. Water reinforcement was made contingent upon those responses which successively approximated those typical of attack and fighting. Fighting eventually occurred which was characteristic of unconditioned aggression.
A Case Study in Computational Caching Microservices for HPC

A case study is presented that provides computation caching (memoization) through a microservice architecture to high-performance computing (HPC) applications, particularly the ExMatEx proxy application CoEVP (Co-designed Embedded ViscoPlasticity Scale-bridging). CoEVP represents a class of multiscale physics methods in which inexpensive coarse-scale models are combined with expensive fine-scale models to simulate physical phenomena scalably across multiple time and length scales. Recently, CoEVP has employed interpolation based on previously executed fine-scale models in order to reduce the number of fine-scale evaluations needed to advance the simulation. Building on this work, we envision that distributed microservices composed to provide new capabilities to large-scale parallel applications can be an important component in simulating ever-larger systems at ever-greater fidelities. We explore three aspects of a microservice composition for interpolation-based memoization in our study. First, we present a cost assessment of CoEVP's current fine-scale modeling and interpolation approach. Second, we present an alternative interpolation strategy in which interpolation models are directly constructed on demand from previous fine-scale evaluations: a "database of points" rather than a "database of models." Third, we evaluate the characteristics of the two approaches with and without cross-process sharing of database entries. Lessons learned from the study are used to inform designs for future work in developing distributed, large-scale memoization services for HPC.
Autonomous vehicles

This summary presents the outline of a tutorial session on autonomous driving, which will include a detailed presentation by the author as well as a panel discussion by industry representatives from Mitsubishi and Emmeskay, Inc. The main presentation will address the fundamental issues in autonomous driving, namely i) localization, ii) perception, ii) decision logic, iv) control execution as well as v) validation/verification. Additional consideration will be given to ethical issues in autonomous driving. The state of the art in the field across these areas is presented and open research issues are highlighted. The industry panel (which may include those other than the aforementioned and are yet to be confirmed) will discuss their perspectives on these issues and present their case for further research and development in this emerging area.
The Application of the Case Study Methodology: Resilience in Domestic Food Supply Chains During Disaster Relief Efforts in South Asia

This chapter explores the execution of field work for a research project centred on two disaster-prone regions in Pakistan. In particular, this chapter reflects on the process of designing and implementing the case study methodology in a context that will be common for many humanitarian researchers. The research is based on a proposed framework that argues resilient food supply chains possess the capabilities of agility, adaptability and alignment in each of the four supply chain operational areas of logistics, collaboration, sourcing and knowledge management. These capabilities are enhanced with positive approaches to supply chain orientation and risk management. This work offers advice and guidance to a rigorous case study design and also how to collect data and conduct research in the South Asia region.
Mirror, mirror on the wall: Reflections on speech‐language pathologists’ image as advocates, activists, and aides

Traditionally speech-language pathology, along with other educational and rehabilitation-based professions, has approached disability from a deficits-based or medical-model perspective with an aim toward normalizing or ameliorating a child's atypical behaviors or performance. However, an alternative perspective rooted in a social model of disability has been growing for several decades. This model argues that although an individual may experience challenges due to a specific impairment (motor, communication, social), their true disability results from the barriers to access and opportunity created by society, and seeks to identify ways to break down such barriers and capitalize on an individual's strengths to meet individual challenges. Although self-advocates in the disability community first proposed the social model of disability in the 1970s, it remains unfamiliar to many clinicians and educators. As such, this paper aims to introduce clinicians to models of disability, with recognition of disability from a cultural lens, and acknowledgment of disability's intersectionality with ethnicity, social class, and gender. The role of speech-language pathologists in promoting self-advocacy, activism within the disability community, and the shifting role of teaching (aid) is then discussed through a strengths-based lens.
An Expression of Strain Energy with Couple Stresses

Modern Technology has required a continuous search for better materials. Hence, the desire among engineers to study the material properties rigorously. Throughout the literature, the concept of load transfer is based on linear stresses. However, the material behavior is better defined when load transfer is considered to be by couple stresses, in addition to linear stresses. The strain energy expression is an important tool for the study of the material. With this in mind, an expression with couple stresses included is developed.
Matrix Completion and Performance Guarantees for Single Individual Haplotyping

Single individual haplotyping is an NP-hard problem that emerges when attempting to reconstruct an organism's inherited genetic variations using data typically generated by high-throughput DNA sequencing platforms. Genomes of diploid organisms, including humans, are organized into homologous pairs of chromosomes that differ from each other in a relatively small number of variant positions. Haplotypes are ordered sequences of the nucleotides in the variant positions of the chromosomes in a homologous pair; for diploids, haplotypes associated with a pair of chromosomes may be conveniently represented by means of complementary binary sequences. In this paper, we consider a binary matrix factorization formulation of the single individual haplotyping problem and efficiently solve it by means of alternating minimization. We analyze the convergence properties of the alternating minimization algorithm and establish theoretical bounds for the achievable haplotype reconstruction error. The proposed technique is shown to outperform existing methods when applied to synthetic as well as real-world Fosmid-based HapMap NA12878 datasets.
Psychometric validation of the identity abuse scale among LGBTQ individuals

Identity abuse (IA) comprises a set of abuse tactics that exploit discriminatory systems including homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia (Tesch & Berkerian, 2015). This study examined the factorial validity of the IA Scale (Woulfe & Goodman, 2018) with a large independent sample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) individuals. Participants included 1,049 LGBTQ-identified participants (Mage = 27.3, 71.9% White, 52.6% cisgender women, and 18.7% as other nonheterosexual identity in their sexual orientation), recruited through listservs. Participants completed an online survey measuring past-year and adult exposure to identity, physical, and psychological abuse. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the measurement model had good fit to the data, and strong factor loadings were found across the seven items, confirming a unidimensional factor structure. Findings demonstrate the IA Scale's validity and reliability, supporting its use to assess the frequency of IA tactics experienced within intimate partnerships among LGBTQ individuals.
The miRNA Expression Profile of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Reveals Novel Potential Disease Biomarkers

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease affecting over 2.3 million people worldwide, and it is characterized by inflammation and demyelination of nerve cells. The currently available biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of MS have inherent limitations, therefore, additional new biomarkers are needed. We studied the microRNA (miRNA) profile of splenocytes of mice having experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of human MS. A miRNA-microarray analysis revealed increased expression of nine miRNAs (let-7e, miR-23b, miR-31, miR-99b, miR-125a, miR-146b, miR-155, miR-193b, and miR-221) following EAE development. Interestingly, serum levels of miR-99b, miR-125a, and miR-146b were significantly higher in EAE mice compared to normal mice. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the experimentally validated as well as predicted gene targets of specific miRNAs that are important for disease progression in MS. Specifically, we observed inverse correlation in the levels of miR-99b versus LIF, and between miR-125a versus BDNF and LIF. Our results suggest that above-mentioned miRNAs may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MS, and that miR-99b, miR-125a, and miR-146b in particular may serve as useful biomarkers for disease activity.
Torque Analysis in Coaxial Magnetic Gears Considering Nonlinear Magnetic Properties and Spatial Harmonics

A coaxial magnetic gear (CMG) consisting of an inner ring, outer ring, and flux modulator exhibits relatively large torque density at low operating cost and low noise level. To guide the selection of soft magnetic materials for the flux modulator, this paper first incorporates the Jiles–Atherton model within a finite-element (FE) framework. The influence of nonlinear magnetic properties on end-effect losses (magnetic flux leakage and fringing) is then investigated with the objective of maximizing the pullout torque. For flux modulators whose initial magnetic permeability and saturation flux density exceed certain threshold value, the pullout torque of a CMG becomes insensitive to magnetic properties and end-effect losses can be efficiently calculated from a 2-D FE model together with a constant torque reduction ratio. This paper presents a systematic torque surface method that can decouple the analysis of average torque and torque ripples. This method has been implemented to evaluate load dependence and rotation speed fluctuation of a CMG.
Dealing with Conflict in Learning Teams Immersed in Technology-Rich Environments: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Understanding the nature of conflict and the role that it plays in the dynamics of teamwork has the potential to improve group processes and make teams more successful. This research study investigates how learning teams deal with conflict in technology-rich environments using a mixed-method research approach. In regard to the study’s quantitative component, a correlational study was conducted. The participants were 28 graduate students enrolled in a team-based, graduate-level course at a large university in the Midwestern United States. The findings showed that perceptions of conflict evolve over time, moving from less favorable views to more constructive ones. Perceptions of successful teamwork progressed from focusing on the tasks at hand to investing on fulfilled working relationships. Teams used different modes of conflict management throughout the study. Generally, they evolved from less cooperative to more integrative forms of conflict management which supported collaborative learning. Students who were less proficient in the use of technology generally perceived conflict as having negative effects on the project’s outcomes. More proficient users, on the contrary, tended to perceive conflict as having a positive influence on their teamwork.
Randomized control trial as social observatory: A case study

Abstract Critics of randomized control trials (RCTs) in development economics argue that this methodology lends itself to ‘smaller’ questions with limited relevance to policy or economics. Using the seminal work of Miguel and Kremer (2004) on a school-based deworming intervention in Kenya as a case study, we argue that RCTs can spearhead policy change, serve as a laboratory to test economic theories and develop cutting-edge empirical methods, or do both. This does not happen in a vacuum, but through thoughtful design embedded in a broader research and policy agenda. Here, we describe a family of studies built on Miguel and Kremer (2004), shedding light on factors that supported the generation of evidence and insights far beyond the near-term RCT result. As in any piece of social sciences research, this descriptive evidence may not be externally valid in all settings. We nevertheless hope the lessons it offers will inspire others to examine these possibilities in their own research.
COMPARING EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF VERAPAMIL VERSUS DILTIAZEM IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND FLUTTER WITH RAPID VENTRICULAR RESPONSE

Verapamil and diltiazem are used interchangeably for rate control in A-fib with RVR. We compared the safety and efficacy of these drugs for the management of A-fib with RVR. A retrospective analysis of 120 patients admitted with Afib with RVR was done. They were divided into 2 groups, based on
Analyses for Age of Information Supporting URLLC Over Multimedia Wireless Networks

Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) networks aim at providing a wide range of delay-sensitive multimedia services and applications by satisfying users’ stringent requirements on the delay-bounded quality of service (QoS). The age of information (AoI) theory characterizes the freshness of information, which is the time-difference between the current time and the time-stamp of the latest observation, and thus, has been proposed to analyze the information latency in URLLC. This paper proposes to apply the AoI theory to study the information latency and to improve the delay-bounded QoS performance in URLLC networks, by analyzing the AoI over a stationary and ergodic first-come-first-serve M/M/1 channel using a stochastic hybrid system (SHS) model. By applying the SHS model, the transitions of AoI between states are triggered by stochastic events, and the probability that a transition occurs depends on both the continuous and discrete components of the current SHS state. We also derive the joint probability density function and expectation of AoI through the investigation of moment dynamics by using the SHS model. Finally, we evaluate and validate our derived results of distribution and expectation of AoI in URLLC networks through numerical analyses.