cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coral microbial communities, zooxanthellae and mucus along gradients of seawater depth and coastal pollution

Summary The high incidence of coral disease in shallow coastal marine environments suggests seawater depth and coastal pollution have an impact on the microbial communities inhabiting healthy coral tissues. A study was undertaken to determine how bacterial commu- nities inhabiting tissues of the coral Montastraea annularis change at 5 m, 10 m and 20 m water depth in varying proximity to the urban centre and seaport of Willemstad, Curacao, Netherlands Antilles. Analy- ses of terminal restriction fragment length polymor- phisms (TRFLP) of 16S rRNA gene sequences show significant differences in bacterial communities of polluted and control localities only at the shallowest seawater depth. Furthermore, distinct differences in bacterial communities were found with increasing water depth. Comparisons of TRFLP peaks with sequenced clone libraries indicate the black band disease cyanobacterium clone CD1C11 is common and most abundant on healthy corals in less than 10 m water depth. Similarly, sequences belonging to a previously unrecognized group of likely phototrophic bacteria, herein referred to as CAB-I, were also more common in shallow water. To assess the influence of environmental and physiologic factors on bacterial community structure, canonical correspondence analysis was performed using explanatory variables associated with: (i) light availability; (ii) seawater pol- lution; (iii) coral mucus composition; (iv) the commu- nity structure of symbiotic algae; and (v) the photosynthetic activity of symbiotic algae. Eleven per cent of the variation in bacterial communities was accounted for by covariation with these variables; the most important being photosynthetically active radia- tion (sunlight) and the coral uptake of sewage-derived compounds as recorded by the d 15 N of coral tissue.
ADAPTATION OF A LANSING STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS TO NEWBORN MICE

By means of rapid serial passages, including 3 successive "blind" passages, the MEF1 strain, a Lansing-type poliomyelitis virus, has been adapted to new-born mice. The virus can readily be propagated in newborn mice, in which fully adapted virus induces in almost all inoculated animals the experimental disease, resulting in a much greater infectivity for the central nervous system and a uniformly short and regular incubation period.
The Use of the Twang Technique in Voice Therapy

Aryepiglottic narrowing is an important component in both resonant voice and twang therapy techniques. While resonant voice is considered a well-established standard in voice therapy, twang remains the subject of debate. The hesitation toward the use of twang therapy is unclear. Potential explanations include lack of familiarity and inadequate experience or training with the technique. Moreover, concerns have been raised that twang could be vocally injurious due to the required constriction within the vocal tract. There is evidence that twang therapy is an effective voice therapy tool. However, the appropriateness of its application has not yet been well-defined.
Starvation prevention and quality of service in wireless LANs

The existing IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol is not suitable for supporting multimedia and QoS-sensitive applications because of its inherent lack of QoS support and fairness. Extensions to the MAC protocol to include QoS enabling mechanisms have been proposed in the literature, but they suffer from unfair allocation of bandwidth between high and low priority traffic as well as from variability of throughput and delay. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel fair bandwidth allocation mechanism based on deficit round robin scheduling. Service differentiation is provided by translating the user throughput requirements into the 802.11 MAC interframe space parameter. We show via simulations that the proposed mechanism provides low variability of throughput and delay and has the advantage of low complexity.
Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy

Policy makers often think that creating more start-up companies will transform depressed economic regions, generate innovation, and create jobs. This belief is flawed because the typical start-up is not innovative, creates few jobs, and generates little wealth. Getting economic growth and jobs creation from entrepreneurs is not a numbers game. It is about encouraging the formation of high quality, high growth companies. Policy makers should stop subsidizing the formation of the typical start-up and focus on the subset of businesses with growth potential. While government officials will not be able to “pick winners,” they can identify start-ups with a low probability of generating jobs and enhancing economic growth. By eliminating incentives to create these low probability companies, policy makers can improve the average performance of new businesses.
Identification of an unusual cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid in rabbit renal medulla

A renal medulla 100,000g pellet metabolized arachidonic acid, C20:4, to the previously described prostaglandins prostaglandin E2, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, and 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. In addition, under conditions of low enzyme to substrate ratios, the renal medulla also produced an unusual metabolite from arachidonic acid. This metabolite was inhibited by indomethacin, and thus suggested that it was a product of the cyclooxygenase. Addition of GSH to the incubation inhibited its formation, while p-hydroxymercuribenzoate enhanced its formation. This compound was identified by HPLC purification, uv absorption, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The compound was 9,15-dioxo,11-hydroxyprosta-5,13-dienoic acid.
Female and male genetic contributions to post-mating immune defence in female Drosophila melanogaster.

Post-mating reduction in immune defence is common in female insects, and a trade-off between mating and immunity could affect the evolution of immunity. In this work, we tested the capacity of virgin and mated female Drosophila melanogaster to defend against infection by four bacterial pathogens. We found that female D. melanogaster suffer post-mating immunosuppression in a pathogen-dependent manner. The effect of mating was seen after infection with two bacterial pathogens (Providencia rettgeri and Providencia alcalifaciens), though not after infection with two other bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). We then asked whether the evolution of post-mating immunosuppression is primarily a ‘female’ or ‘male’ trait by assaying for genetic variation among females for the degree of post-mating immune suppression they experience and among males for the level of post-mating immunosuppression they elicit in their mates. We also assayed for an interaction between male and female genotypes to test the specific hypothesis that the evolution of a trade-off between mating and immune defence in females might be being driven by sexual conflict. We found that females, but not males, harbour significant genetic variation for post-mating immunosuppression, and we did not detect an interaction between female and male genotypes. We thus conclude that post-mating immune depression is predominantly a ‘female’ trait, and find no evidence that it is evolving under sexual conflict.
Propagule interactions and the evolution of virulence

The evolution of parasite virulence is thought to involve a trade-off between parasite reproductive rate and the effect of increasing the number of propagules on host survivorship. Such a trade-off should lead to selection for an intermediate level of within-host reproduction (λ). Here I consider the effects of parasite propagule number on selection affecting λ when (i) the effect of each propagule is independent of propagule number, and (ii) when the effect of each propagule changes as a function of propagule number. Virulence evolves in these models as a correlated response to selection on λ. If each propagule has the same effect (s) as all previous propagules, the survivorship of infected hosts is reduced by more than 60% at equilibrium, independent of the value of s. If, instead, each propagule has a more negative effect on host survivorship than previous propagules, host survivorship at equilibrium is expected to increase as the effect becomes more pronounced. These results are directly parallel to results derived for population mean fitness at mutation-selection balance; and they suggest that high virulence should be associated with parasites for which the effect of adding propagules either remains constant or diminishes with propagule number.
Effect of increasing CO2 on the terrestrial carbon cycle

Feedbacks from the terrestrial carbon cycle significantly affect future climate change. The CO2 concentration dependence of global terrestrial carbon storage is one of the largest and most uncertain feedbacks. Theory predicts the CO2 effect should have a tropical maximum, but a large terrestrial sink has been contradicted by analyses of atmospheric CO2 that do not show large tropical uptake. Our results, however, show significant tropical uptake and, combining tropical and extratropical fluxes, suggest that up to 60% of the present-day terrestrial sink is caused by increasing atmospheric CO2. This conclusion is consistent with a validated subset of atmospheric analyses, but uncertainty remains. Improved model diagnostics and new space-based observations can reduce the uncertainty of tropical and temperate zone carbon flux estimates. This analysis supports a significant feedback to future atmospheric CO2 concentrations from carbon uptake in terrestrial ecosystems caused by rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This feedback will have substantial tropical contributions, but the magnitude of future carbon uptake by tropical forests also depends on how they respond to climate change and requires their protection from deforestation.
Some measurements of timeline gaps in VAX/VMS

The purpose of this article is to present measurements and some analysis of the distribution of interrupt-level timing glitches observed over a period of months in an instrumented dual-processor DEC VAX 6520 running VMS 5.4 with Symmetrical Multiprocessing. Each of the two CPUs is rated at 13 VUPs (VAX Unit of Processing), for a total of 26 VUPs. (A VUP is about half a MIP.) As the instrumented machine was in general use, no active experiments were attempted. These glitches translate into unavoidable gaps in the execution of user-level processes. The gaps are harmless unless the processes have deadlines
EFFECTS OF DISTAL NERVE INJURIES ON DORSAL-HORN NEURONS AND GLIA : RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LESION SIZE AND MECHANICAL HYPERALGESIA

Penetrating limb injuries are common and usually heal without long-lasting effects, even when nerves are cut. However, rare nerve-injury patients develop prolonged and disabling chronic pain (neuralgia). When pain severity is disproportionate to severity of the inciting injury, physicians and insurers may suspect exaggeration and limit care or benefits, although the nature of the relationship between lesion-size and the development and persistence of neuralgia remains largely unknown. We compared cellular changes in the spinal dorsal-horn (the initial CNS pain-processing area) after partial or total tibial-nerve axotomies in male Sprague–Dawley rats to determine if these changes are proportional to the numbers of peripheral axons cut. Unoperated rats provided controls. Plantar hind-paw responses to touch, pin, and cold were quantitated bilaterally to identify hyperalgesic rats. We also compared data from nerve-injured rats with or without hyperalgesic responses to mechanical hind-paw stimulation to evaluate concordance between pain behaviors and dorsal-horn cellular changes. Hyperalgesia was no less prevalent or severe after partial than after total axotomy. L5 spinal-cord sections from rats killed 7 days postoperatively were labeled for markers of primary afferents (substance P calcitonin gene-related peptide isolectin B4, gamma aminobutyric acid, and glial fibrillary acidic protein), then labeled cells were stereologically quantitated in somatotopically defined dorsal-horn regions. Total axotomy reduced markers of primary afferents more than partial axotomy. In contrast, GABA-immunoreactive profiles were similarly reduced after both lesions, and in rats with sensory loss versus hyperalgesia. Numbers of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes increased independently of lesion size and pain status. Small nerve injuries can thus have magnified and disproportionate effects on dorsal-horn neurons and glia, perhaps providing a biological correlate for the disproportionate pain of post-traumatic neuralgias (including complex regional pain syndrome-I) that follow seemingly minor nerve injuries. However, the presence of similar dorsal-horn changes in rats without pain behaviors suggests that not all transcellular responses to axotomy are pain-specific.
High-Temperature Absorption of the 3.39 μm He-Ne Laser Line by Acetylene, Ethylene, and Propylene

Absorptivity measurements for the 3.39 μm He-Ne laser line are reported for acetylene, ethylene, and propylene over the temperature ranges 1500 to 3000 K (acetylene), 1000 to 2000 K (ethylene), and 700 to 2300 K (propylene). In contrast to the behavior of other hydrocarbons, the absorptivities of acetylene and ethylene increase with increasing temperature. The conventional spectroscopic analysis of line positions based upon high-resolution infrared spectroscopy at room temperature and approximate line-broadening theory indicate that no absorption at all would be expected for acetylene or ethylene. The time-resolved absorption profiles and computer models of the chemical behavior expected for shock-heated test gas confirm that the absorption is really due to these molecules, but must be attributed to some heretofore unidentified absorption process.
Some Characteristics of an Ex‐Addict Self‐Help Therapeutic Community and its Members

Summary People who joined Matrix House, an autonomous self-help group at the Lexington, Kentucky, Federal Narcotics Hospital, tended to be dissimilar to a white “street” addict on a number of variables. Proportionately, they came from a higher socio-economic background; they were more often young, white, and single males; they were inclined toward “less complicated” kinds of crime while on the streets; they were less criminally oriented in that they had fewer arrests and spent less time incarcerated; they had somewhat shorter addiction careers; and finally they abused different types of drugs, primarily psychedelics. Overall, the Stayers seemed to differ from a sample of 267 STs (other Lexington patients) and the Leavers were more similar to the STs, which may partially account for the fact they left Matrix House. The main point derived from this study is that Matrix House, as a self-help modality which could have drawn its members from a fairly representative population of narcotics addicts, attracted only a certain type, as indicated above. It tended to choose people who had similar characteristics, or perhaps conversely, only a certain type of individual chose this self-help modality. Unfortunately, whatever the characteristics of an individual who entered this treatment modality, on the average he only remained a short five months.
Family Considerations and Interventions

Family functioning is an important aspect of the care and psychosocial adjustment in burned children and adolescents. There is a paucity of data addressing family factors associated with positive adjustment in pediatric burn victims and delineating optimum family treatment. Any discussion is complicated by the fact that some burns are unrelated to the family environment; others are associated with problematic family dynamics (e.g., abuse, neglect, psychopathology) (e.g., Andreasen, Noyes, Hartford, & Proctor, 1972; Cahners & Bernstein, 1979; Noyes, Frye, Slymeh, & Canter, 1979).
Distal Semidynamical Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the distal semidynamical system. In the case of dynamical systems, transformation groups where the action is through the reals or the integers, one can introduce the notions of positively (and negatively) distal dynamical systems, as is the case with many other notions. However, one can show that positively distal dynamical systems are distal whenever all positive trajectory closures are compact. It is therefore obvious that almost all known results on distal flows are available for positively distal dynamical systems. In the case of semidynamical systems where only forward uniqueness is assumed and generally there is nonuniqueness in the backward direction, logically only the notion of positive distality can be introduced. It is shown that (positively) Lagrange stable distal semidynamical systems are indeed dynamical. This circumstance results in the generalization of a result of Bhatia and Chow, namely, that any positively almost-periodic point of a semidynamical system on a complete metric space has a compact positive trajectory closure and the restriction of the semisystem to this set is dynamical.
An improved and simplified radioisotopic assay for the determination of free and esterified carnitine

The radioisotopic assay for carnitine first described by Cederblad and Lindstedt (Clin. Chim. Acta. 37:235-543, 1972) and modified by Bohmer et al (Clin. Chim. Acta. 57:55-61, 1974) has been improved and simplified. As a result, the assay yields a linear response over a wide range of carnitine concentrations without the need for excessive amounts of labeled acetyl-CoA. In addition, it will measure very small quantities of carnitine even in the presence of excess acylcarnitine. The method allows rapid determination of free and esterified carnitine in small volumes of plasma (50 mul is sufficient) without the need for prior deproteinization of the samples.
Effect of Respiratory Depressants on the Respiratory Quotient of Excised Tissue.

We have investigated the effect of various depressants of the oxygen consumption of excised kidney tissue of the rat in the Warburg apparatus.Table I gives the oxygen consumption and the respiratory quotients, and Table II the calculated effect on carbohydrate and fat using the Zuntz-Schumburg-Lusk table.With the depression of oxygen consumption there was an elevation of quotient in 9 out of 11 observations. Analysis of these data indicates that the oxidation of fat is interfered with more than that of carbohydrate. This is in contrast to the situation in diabetes where the primary injury is to the oxidation of carbohydrate.
Fitness Evaluation of Rcg1, a Locus that Confers Resistance to Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils. Using Near-Isogenic Maize Hybrids

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G.W. Wils. is an important stalk rot disease in maize (Zea mays L.). The impact of genetic resistance to plant pathogens is extremely important from both economic and environmental standpoints. The objectives of this study were to determine if any fitness costs were associated with the Rcg1 locus that confers resistance to C. graminicola in maize and to determine the effect of Rcg1 on grain yield in the presence of disease. Near-isogenic hybrids (NIHs), created by crossing B73Ht and Mo17Ht with near-isogenic lines (NILs) DE811 and DE811ASR(BC 5 ), were evaluated under three treatment regimes: inoculation with C. graminicola, inoculation with water (wounding), and no inoculation. The experiment was conducted in a replicated split-split-plot design at six locations. Results indicate that the NIL DE811ASR(BC 5 ) does not cause significant negative effects in hybrid combinations for most agronomic traits compared to hybrids made with the recurrent parent, DE811, and that there was no apparent fitness cost associated with Rcg1 in uninoculated or wounded treatments. The presence of Rcg1 reduced the overall yield impact incurred by infection in inoculated plots by almost three fold in comparison to the NIHs that lack the gene. These results, in addition to the asexual life cycle and limited variability of C. graminicola, imply that Rcg1 may be a durable resistance locus.
Effect of route of administration on protective action of corticosterone and cortisol against endotoxin.

Summary1. Both cortisol and corticosterone were effective in protecting rats against endotoxin when the steroid hormones were given intracardially at the time of administration of endotoxin. 2. Cortisol was more protective than corticosterone when both were given subcutaneously 24 hours before endotoxin; as the interval between the time of injection of steroid and the time of challenge with endotoxin was decreased, corticosterone was increasingly protective. 3. The rates of disappearance of corticosterone and cortisol from the blood of rats after intracardiac administration of steroid were similar. 4. The evidence indicates that corticosterone is more rapidly mobilized from local tissue sites of deposition than is cortisol and that the difference in the activity of these 2 substances after subcutaneous administration is due in large part to this difference. By inference, the many published differences in the biologic activities of cortisol and corticosterone may be subject to revision when control of this...
The Sources of Political Tolerance: A Multivariate Analysis

Over the past 25 years a number of conclusions concerning the development of political tolerance have come to be well accepted in the literature on political behavior. There are, however, two persisting problems with the studies that have generated these findings: they have relied on a content-biased measure of tolerance, and have failed to examine well specified models of the factors leading to tolerance. In this article we report the results of an analysis of the determinants of political tolerance using a content-controlled measure of tolerance and a more fully specified multivariate model. The parameters of the model are estimated from a national sample of the U.S. The results indicate the explanatory power of two political variables, the level of perceived threat and the commitment to general norms, and psychological sources of political tolerance. Social and demographic factors are found to have no direct effect and little indirect influence on the development of political tolerance.
Rapid Implementation of Solid-State Based Converters in Power Engineering Laboratories

As the number of renewable energy generation units and, consequently, solid-state based converters increases in the power grid, many power electronics concepts should be integrated into power system analysis and design. Thus, a power laboratory course with emphasis on the nexus between power electronics and power system is desired. However, the flexibility of instructors in designing a wide range of educational experiments is limited by the use of specialized educational setups. This problem can be resolved by allowing students to assemble their setups using laboratory scaled-down devices; however, implementation times can limit students to focus on the main concepts of the experiments. In particular, lacking experience with hardware description languages to develop switching patterns and control schemes for solid-state based converters further increases the implementation times. In this paper, a technique for rapidly implementing switching patterns and control schemes for power converters is proposed. This technique provides an easy-to-use laboratory allowing students to focus on reinforcing the theory learned in energy conversion, motor-drive, power electronics, and power system classes while still providing instructors with the flexibility to design a wide range of educational experiments.
Simulation and Evaluation for Short Term and Mid/Long Term Voltage Stability

The analysis method and modeling requirement for short term and mid/long term voltage stability are expounded.According to the present situation of power system simulation in China the main problems existing in voltage stability simulation and modeling are pointed out;on the basis of short term and mid/long term voltage stability simulation of actual power system,the features of short term voltage collapse and mid/long term voltage collapse are analyzed,and further research on the mechanism of power system voltage instability and the evaluation method for transient voltage stability and mid/long term voltage stability are conducted.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF INDUCED CHANGES IN THE SALIVARY GLAND OF THE RAT.

ABSTRACT Changes in the three major salivary glands of the rat under conditions of hypo-activity induced by fasting or atropine administration, and under hyperactive conditions induced by refeeding, pilocarpine administration or electrical stimulation have been studied by electron microscopy. The acinar, demilunar and striated duct cells apparently undergo rhythmic activity and the stages of the secretory cycle are separated in time; a period of ingestion and intracellular synthesis of the secretory products is followed by a period of intracellular accumulation, followed in turn by extrusion. In considering ingestion in the striated duct cells, changes in the degree and complexity of the basal infoldings correlated with the state of secretory activity suggest that these structures may be functional in the exchange of materials. This concept receives additional support from the occurrence of vesicles associated with the basal infoldings during periods of hyperactivity. During the period of intracellular synthesis, the participation of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum appears to be especially significant. The Golgi apparatus apparently gives rise directly to the mucoid granules of the sublingual gland, and probably also to the granules of the submaxillary alveoli, but no simple or direct transformation of Golgi vacuoles to zymogen granules has been traced in any gland epithelium. Morphological expression of secretory activity of the endoplasmic reticulum appears in the formation of crystalloids in the hyperactive parotid acinar cells. Extrusion mechanisms in the salivary glands are generally similar in that the secretory granules are not discharged as individualized bodies and that the plasma membrane is not disrupted during the process.
Competitive Science: Is Competition Ruining Science?: Science has always been competitive, and despite recognition of the benefits of cooperation, the struggle for funding and jobs has made science more competitive than ever

In the winner-take-all economics of science, scientists compete for priority, the recognition that they are the first to make a discovery, conferring prestige that, in turn, can lead to employment, funding, prizes, and membership in honorific societies. It is often taken for granted that this competitiveness is beneficial because it provides incentives for individuals to excel. It has also suggested that scientific rivalries can provide a corrective for confirmation bias, the tendency to favor evidence that supports one's preexisting beliefs. Thus, in theory, competition may help to protect science from stagnation and dogma.
Abstract 379: Inhibition of Bcl-x Phosphorylation Prevents Cardiomyocyte Death, Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac remodeling promotes heart failure (HF). Cardiomyocyte (CM) death is one of the mechanisms to develop cardiac remodeling. We recently reported that Mst1 phosphorylates Bcl-xL at Ser14, which promotes apoptosis by inducing dissociation of Bcl-xL from Bax and consequent activation of Bax in CMs. Its phosphorylation is increased in response to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in an Mst1-dependent manner. However, the functional significance of endogenous Bcl-xL phosphorylation remains unclear in vivo. To address this question, knock-in (KI) mice with alanine mutation at Ser14 in Bcl-x were generated. At baseline, cardiac function was similar between wild-type (WT) and heterozygous KI (HKI) mice (EF 76% and 79%, respectively). HKI mice exhibited smaller % infarct area (30%) than WT (43%) (p=0.016) upon IR, suggesting that phosphorylation of endogenous Bcl-xL at Ser14 plays an essential role in mediating IR injury. In order to test the role of Bcl-xL phosphorylation in the development of HF, HKI and WT mice were subjected to permanent ligation of LAD for 4 weeks. During progression of cardiac remodeling, Mst1 was activated in both WT and HKI mice. Phosphorylation of Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS, an alternative transcriptional variant of Bcl-x, both at Ser14, were increased in WT mice, which were abrogated in HKI mice. The infarct area evaluated with TTC staining at Day 1 was similar in WT and HKI mice (59.1% and 61.2%, p=0.65). Four weeks after myocardial infarction (MI), WT mice exhibited lower cardiac contraction (EF 46.5%) and higher LVEDP (10.8mmHg) than those in HKI mice (EF 68.9% and LVEDP 7.0mmHg) (both p<0.05). Scar area and TUNEL-positive CMs were greater in WT (49.0% and 1.6%, respectively) than in HKI mice (29.2% and 0.4%, respectively) (both p<0.05). Cleaved caspase 3 and 9 were significantly increased (3.2- and 5.7-fold, respectively) in WT but not in HKI mice. In vitro experiments with overexpression of phospho-mimicking mutant (Bcl-xS-S14D) showed 13% reduction in cell viability compared with that of phospho-resistant mutant (Bcl-xS-S14A) (p=0.01%). Our results suggest that phosphorylation of Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS at Ser14 contributes to CM death in response to IR and chronic MI in vivo, thereby promoting cardiac remodeling and HF.
Werte und ›gutes Leben‹

Die Axiologie oder Wertlehre ist eines der wesentlichen Gebiete jeder ethischen Theorie, und sie spielt auch eine zentrale Rolle in der Umweltethik. Zentrale axiologische Fragen in der Umweltethik betreffen zum einen, wie Werte entstehen, zum anderen welche (nicht menschliche) Entitaten welchen Wert besitzen.
The role of video-based discussion in model for preparing professional development leaders.

This paper describes the Problem-Solving Cycle model of professional development and the Mathematics Leadership Preparation model of PD leader preparation. These models form the backbone of our current research-practice partnership project in which we are working with a large urban district to adapt these models to develop district capacity to support the implementation of a middle school mathematics curriculum aligned with Common Core State Standards (CCSS). We highlight the central role of video in the Problem-Solving Cycle and our approach to preparing teacher leaders to use video-based discussions to understand student thinking and instructional practices. The first phase of the research was designed to identify how the models were adapted to support the district goals for implementing their new CCSS mathematics curriculum and to understand the reasons for the adaptations. The analysis of multiple data sources revealed two overarching categories of adaptations that we made to refine the models to better support the district goals: addressing district priorities and addressing teacher leaders’ limited experience. We made adaptations such as incorporating the district curriculum, addressing the needs of English learners, integrating the teacher leaders’ learning of the Problem-Solving Cycle model into the leadership preparation session, increasing the emphasis on what it means to be an instructional leader, strengthening the role of modeling and debriefing activities to support leadership development, scaffolding the selection of video clips, and incorporating the use of rehearsals and debriefing activities to support leadership development. The implications of this work illustrate the need for researchers to be responsive to the context of their school partners if they expect their work to be meaningful. Using the frame of design-based implementation research proved to be an effective strategy for working with the district STEM leadership team and teacher leaders to adapt the Problem-Solving Cycle and Mathematics Leadership Preparation models to support district implementation of a new curriculum that necessitates shifts in teacher practices and for determining how to make video-based discussions more productive activities in the models.
Neuropathic pain in a Fabry disease rat model

Fabry disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, affects multiple organs and results in a shortened life span. This disease is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A, which leads to glycosphingolipid accumulation in many cell types. Neuropathic pain is an early and severely debilitating symptom in patients with Fabry disease, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms that cause the pain are unknown. We generated a rat model of Fabry disease, the first nonmouse model to our knowledge. Fabry rats had substantial serum and tissue accumulation of α-galactosyl glycosphingolipids and had pronounced mechanical pain behavior. Additionally, Fabry rat dorsal root ganglia displayed global N-glycan alterations, sensory neurons were laden with inclusions, and sensory neuron somata exhibited prominent sensitization to mechanical force. We found that the cation channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is sensitized in Fabry rat sensory neurons and that TRPA1 antagonism reversed the behavioral mechanical sensitization. This study points toward TRPA1 as a potentially novel target to treat the pain experienced by patients with Fabry disease.
A Protocol for a Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Participatory, Multi-Level, Dynamic Intervention in Urban Outreach Centers to Improve the Oral Health of Low-Income Chinese Americans

Introduction: While the US health care system has the capability to provide amazing treatment of a wide array of conditions, this care is not uniformly available to all population groups. Oral health care is one of the dimensions of the US health care delivery system in which striking disparities exist. More than half of the population does not visit a dentist each year. Improving access to oral health care is a critical and necessary first step to improving oral health outcomes and reducing disparities. Fluoride has contributed profoundly to the improved dental health of populations worldwide and is needed regularly throughout the life course to protect teeth against dental caries. To ensure additional gains in oral health, fluoride toothpaste should be used routinely at all ages. Evidence-based guidelines for annual dental visits and brushing teeth with fluoride toothpaste form the basis of this implementation science project that is intended to bridge the care gap for underserved Asian American populations by improving access to quality oral health care and enhancing effective oral health promotion strategies. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide information for the design and implementation of a randomized controlled trial of a participatory, multi-level, partnered (i.e., with community stakeholders) intervention to improve the oral and general health of low-income Chinese American adults. Methods: This study will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a partnered intervention using remote data entry into an electronic health record (EHR) to improve access to oral health care and promote oral health. The research staff will survey a sample of Chinese American patients (planned n = 90) screened at 3 outreach centers about their satisfaction with the partnered intervention. Providers (dentists and community health workers), research staff, administrators, site directors, and community advisory board members will participate in structured interviews about the partnered intervention. The remote EHR evaluation will include group adaptation sessions and workflow analyses via multiple recorded sessions with research staff, administrators, outreach site directors, and providers. The study will also model knowledge held by non-patient participants to evaluate and enhance the partnered intervention for use in future implementations.
Fuzzy Risk Management for Project Financing

The new risk measures, economic in nature, allow us to deal with fuzziness in dynamic asset — liability models and give a powerful tool to manage Project Financing techniques.
Minimally invasive approach for drainage of a sacral epidural abscess. A case report and technical note.

Sacral epidural abscesses are rare infections, often managed with open surgery, especially in the presence of acute neurological symptoms. We report a novel approach for minimally invasive drainage of sacral epidural abscesses. A 51-year-old man presented to the emergency department complaining of low back pain, generalized muscle pain, pain across several large joints, low-grade fever, and weakness of both legs for ten days. MRI of the patient's lumbosacral spine showed osteomyelitis involving his L5, S1 vertebrae, L5-S1 discitis, as well as anterior and posterior epidural abscesses extending from L5-S1 disc space to the S2 vertebral level. Under CT fluoroscopic guidance a 20-gauge spinal needle was inserted into the sacral hiatus, parallel to the pelvic surface of the sacral canal, and directed cranially. A 0.18-gauge microwire was then advanced through the 20-gauge needle. The 20-gauge needle was exchanged over the guidewire for an 18-gauge blunt tipped needle which was curved to approximate the contours of the sacral canal. The curved needle was inserted through the sacral hiatus with its concavity initially facing upwards, and then rotated 180° to gain access to epidural abscess. Once anatomic access was established 5cc of thick purulent material was evacuated. The patient tolerated the procedure well, and no focal nerve root symptoms were noted following the procedure. Image guided aspiration of sacral epidural abscesses can be carried out in a safe and effective manner using CT fluoroscopy. Aspiration of these abscesses combined with intravenous antibiotics may be an alternative to open surgery in select patients.
Radio detection of H2O in comet Bradfield (1974b)

Results of observations of comet Bradfield using the Haystack telescope are summarized with emphasis on the detection of the 1.35 cm emission line of water in the comet. The excitation of water and methyl cyanide in comets is briefly considered.
Development of the Perceived Multiple Role Stress Scale (PMRS).

Assessment of women's perception of multiple-role stress arising from occupancy of the maternal and student role is crucial if we are to engage in prevention and intervention strategies. Existing measures do not fully address the components of multiple role stress in this population: emotional role ambiguity, person-role and inter-role conflict. This article describes the development of the Perceived Multiple Role Stress Scale (PMRS) which was derived from Kahn, Wolfe, Quinn and Snoek's (1964) systems-based role theory. The 8-item, 3-factor PMRS measures multiple role stress in women who are both mothers and students. Review of the PMRS by role stress and women's roles experts supported content validity. Construct validity was supported in three phases over a five-year period. It is recommended that the three correlated factors be used as one eight-item scale. The internal consistency for the PMRS was .86.
A Global Optimization Method For Weber’s Problem With Attraction And Repulsion

Weber’s problem involves the optimum location of a single facility on a plane in such a way that the weighted sum of the Euclidean distances of the facility from n given points be at the global minimum. Each point can either have an attractive or repulsive effect on the location of the facility depending on whether the corresponding weight is positive or negative respectively. Because attractive contributions correspond to convex functions and repulsive contributions to concave ones, the total expression for the weighted sum of Euclidean distances is nonconvex. In this paper, two global optimization algorithms are proposed, one based on a concave and one on a concave + convex lower bounding operation. Both of these algorithms utilize efficient rectangular subdivision processes. The proposed approaches attain ∈-convergence to the global minimum in a finite number of iterations. Computational results are presented for problems involving as many as n = 10,000 points.
Firefighters, Stress in*

Firefighters experience short bursts of extreme physical and psychological stress punctuating long periods of tedium. For short intervals, the physical demands of firefighting may approach the limits of human capacity, with respect to physical exertion, ergonomic demands, and heat stress. Psychological stress is markedly elevated, especially at the time that the alarm goes off, but firefighters as a group enjoy strong psychological support from their communities and show resilience. Paradoxically, mortality studies of firefighters do not show elevated risk of death from cardiovascular disease or a strong healthy worker effect. Acute cardiac events occurring in the line of duty are generally accepted as work-related, however. The social structure of fire services is very close and supportive.
Serum (Circulating) Tumor Markers for Breast Cancer

Many circulating markers have been proposed for breast cancer, with potential utility for identification, screening, prognosis, detection, or monitoring. Of the available markers, those with the greatest promise include circulating tumor markers that provide an indication of clinical course, such as CA15-3 and CEA, and novel markers such as BrCa1, antibodies to p53, antibodies to HER-2/neu, indicators of angiogenesis, and the extracellular domain of HER-2/neu. However, the precise clinical utilities of all of these markers have yet to be determined. It is especially important that the relative independence of the markers in relation to other available markers be determined so as to avoid the unnecessary cost and expense of redundancy. Moreover, it is important that the clinician be aware of the limitations in both sensitivity and specificity of each marker so as not to over- or under-interpret the predictive value of any test.
A novel model to correlate hydrogel spacer placement, perirectal space creation, and rectum dosimetry in prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy

The SpaceOAR hydrogel is employed to limit rectal radiation dose during prostate radiotherapy. We identified a novel parameter – the product of angle θ and hydrogel volume – to quantify hydrogel placement. This parameter predicted rectum dosimetry and acute rectal toxicity in prostate cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy to 36.25 Gy in 5 fractions. Twenty men with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer underwent hydrogel placement from 2015 to 2017. Hydrogel symmetry was assessed on the CT simulation scan in 3 axial slices (midgland, 1 cm above midgland, 1 cm below midgland). Two novel parameters quantifying hydrogel placement – hydrogel volume and angle θ formed by the prostate, hydrogel, and rectum – were measured, and the normalized product of θ and hydrogel volume calculated. These were then correlated with perirectal distance, rectum maximum 1–3 cc point doses (rDmax 1–3 cc), and rectum volumes receiving 80–95% of the prescription dose (rV80–95%). Acute rectal toxicity was recorded per RTOG criteria. In 50% of patients, hydrogel placement was symmetric bilaterally to within 1 cm of midline in all three CT simulation scan axial slices. Lateral hydrogel asymmetry grade 2 was observed. Low grade rectal toxicity was observed in a third of men and resolved within 1 month of SBRT. Men who had these symptoms had higher rDmax 1 cc and smaller θ*hydrogel volume measurements. Optimal hydrogel placement occurs at prostate midgland, midline. The novel parameter θ*hydrogel volume describes a large proportion of rectum dosimetric benefit derived from hydrogel placement, and can be used to assess the learning curve phenomenon for hydrogel placement.
The predictability of rain and the foraging patterns of the red kangaroo (Megaleia rufa) in central Australia

Despite the dramatic impact of rain in the central Australian desert, the occurrence of rain is very unpredictable, and there is strong evidence that it does not influence either density or dispersion of feeding red kangaroos. In this study, both community type and season significantly influenced density (P
Short history of NASA applied science teams for air quality and health

Starting in 2011, a team-based approach has been developed to connect NASA science with air quality and health communities. These teams, funded by the NASA Applied Sciences Program, promote collaboration within the team, communication with end-user communities, and the rapid advancement of applied research. The team structure provides increased flexibility to address high-priority research areas, better aligning research questions with user needs. The first NASA team built on this structure was the Air Quality and Applied Sciences Team (AQAST, 2011 to 2016), and continued with the Health and Applied Sciences Team (HAQAST, 2016 to 2019). Over the years of AQAST and HAQAST, we have experimented with different approaches to manage an Applied Sciences Team. We have adjusted our approach based on lessons learned and feedback gathered from stakeholders, team members, program mangers, and meeting attendees. We have found that this type of team succeeds by building a culture of collaboration, advancing communication with stakeholder communities, and identifying issues where the team structure can provide a rapid response. AQAST and HAQAST represent a model of funding and research with positive outcomes for air quality and public health engagement with NASA data and tools. This team-based approach is well suited to mission-driven, applied science activities.
Predicting Appropriate Hospital Admission of Emergency Department Patients with Bronchiolitis: Secondary Analysis.

Background In children below the age of 2 years, bronchiolitis is the most common reason for hospitalization. Each year in the United States, bronchiolitis causes 287,000 emergency department visits, 32%-40% of which result in hospitalization. Due to a lack of evidence and objective criteria for managing bronchiolitis, clinicians often make emergency department disposition decisions on hospitalization or discharge to home subjectively, leading to large practice variation. Our recent study provided the first operational definition of appropriate hospital admission for emergency department patients with bronchiolitis and showed that 6.08% of emergency department disposition decisions for bronchiolitis were inappropriate. An accurate model for predicting appropriate hospital admission can guide emergency department disposition decisions for bronchiolitis and improve outcomes, but has not been developed thus far. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a reasonably accurate model for predicting appropriate hospital admission. Methods Using Intermountain Healthcare data from 2011-2014, we developed the first machine learning classification model to predict appropriate hospital admission for emergency department patients with bronchiolitis. Results Our model achieved an accuracy of 90.66% (3242/3576, 95% CI: 89.68-91.64), a sensitivity of 92.09% (1083/1176, 95% CI: 90.33-93.56), a specificity of 89.96% (2159/2400, 95% CI: 88.69-91.17), and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.954-0.966). We identified possible improvements to the model to guide future research on this topic. Conclusions Our model has good accuracy for predicting appropriate hospital admission for emergency department patients with bronchiolitis. With further improvement, our model could serve as a foundation for building decision-support tools to guide disposition decisions for children with bronchiolitis presenting to emergency departments. International registered report identifier (irrid) RR2-10.2196/resprot.5155.
The revival of Schrödinger's interpretation of quantum mechanics

A distinction is made between two wave functionsψ(x) andψ(x), The former describing a continuous distribution of electronic matter for a single system, the latter describing the regularities in repeated experiments. The classical fieldψ(x) necessarily includes the self energy and accounts for all the radiative processes without the probability interpretation.