cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uranium and Plutonium Average Prompt-fission Neutron Energy Spectra (PFNS) from the Analysis of NTS NUEX Data

Abstract In neutron experiments (NUEX) conducted at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) by Los Alamos National Laboratory, the time-of-flight of fission-neutrons emitted from nuclear tests were observed by measuring the current generated by the collection of protons scattered from a thin CH 2 foil many meters from the nuclear device into a Faraday cup. The time dependence of the Faraday cup current is a measure of the energy spectrum of the neutrons that leak from the device. With good device models and accurate neutron-transport codes, the leakage spectra can be converted into prompt fast-neutron-induced fission-neutron energy spectra. This has been done for two events containing plutonium, and for an earlier event containing uranium. The prompt-fission neutron spectra have been inferred for 1.5-MeV 239Pu(n,f) and 235U(n,f) reactions for outgoing neutron energies from 1.5 to ∼10.5 MeV, in 1-MeV steps. These spectra are in good agreement with the Los Alamos fission model.
The effects of whole grains on nutrient digestibilities, growth performance, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations in young chicks fed ground corn-soybean meal diets

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of whole wheat, whole sorghum, or whole barley on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations when supplemented primarily at the expense of corn in ground corn-soybean meal control diets. The first 4 experiments utilized New Hampshire x Columbian male chicks. In the first 2 experiments, feeding 5, 10, 15, or 20% whole wheat had no effect on growth performance at 21 d when compared with chicks fed the control diet. The third experiment tested 20, 35, and 50% whole wheat fed from 0 to 21 d of age and showed that a 50% whole wheat diet decreased (P<0.05) 21-d growth and feed efficiency when compared with chicks fed the control diet. In experiment 4, 10 and 20% whole sorghum reduced (P<0.05) growth at 21 d, whereas chicks fed 10 and 20% whole barley had similar weight gains to chicks fed a ground corn-soybean meal diet. The fifth experiment with commercial Ross x Ross male broiler chicks evaluated 10 and 20% whole sorghum or whole barley and 20 and 35% whole wheat. Growth at 21 d was unaffected by any dietary treatment. Feed efficiency was decreased (P<0.05) at 21 d with 20% whole wheat and improved (P<0.05) with 10% whole barley. Feeding whole grains to chicks resulted in an increase in gizzard weight, even as early as 7 d, in all experiments. Chicks fed diets containing 10 to 20% whole wheat generally had increased MEn values at 3 to 4, 7, 14, and 21 d and also had increased amino acid digestibility at 21 d in one experiment. At 21 d, cecal pH and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in all experiments were unaffected by feeding whole grains to chicks. The results of this study indicated that feeding whole wheat, sorghum, or barley increased gizzard weight, and feeding 10 to 20% whole wheat may increase ME and amino acid digestibility.
Object recognition memory in the rat: the role of the hippocampus.

Object recognition memory of rats with fimbria-fornix or ventral temporal lesions was evaluated with a behavioral protocol (delayed non-matching-to-sample task with trial-unique stimuli) similar to that used to test recognition functions in primates. Animals with damage to the hippocampal system showed no evidence of lasting impairment on the object recognition task with retention intervals up to 30 s. In contrast, rats with fimbria-fornix lesions displayed severe and enduring deficits on a test of spatial memory, i.e. rewarded alternation, with but 5 s delays. These results provide further evidence that a dissociation exists between the types of memory that are and are not lost following damage to the hippocampus. Whereas the hippocampus is necessary for some types of mnemonic processes, other types of recognition functions (e.g. perceptual recognition) may be fully mediated in regions of sensory and/or association neocortex without the involvement of the hippocampus.
Of Babies and Bathwater: A Reply to Coyne and Tennen’s Views on Positive Psychology and Health

Purpose We disagree with several conclusions reached by Coyne and Tennen, as well as their interpretation of specific findings.
Sub-T 2 optical pulse generation: Application to optically pumped far-infrared lasers

Several polar molecules possessing strong far-infrared (FIR) transitions have been optically pumped by a mode-locked CO 2 TEA laser in a single-pass configuration. All the resulting FIR pulses are shorter than the sub-T 2 pump pulses; subnanosecond FIR pulses are observed. These short FIR pulses exhibit lethargic gain, stimulated Raman emission, and multiple-pulse superradiance. The experimental results are modeled by numerical solution of the Maxwell-density matrix equations for two fields interacting with a three-level system. Level degeneracy is included, and the pump is described by a multimode power spectrum with a parabolic envelope, resulting in a periodic train of pulses. Variation of the detuning of the pump from resonance allows simulation of the superradiant or Raman cases. This fully coherent model, which is the major contribution of this paper, explains key experimental observations such as the noncoincidence of the Raman peak with the pump modulation minimum and the enhancement of multiple-pulse superradiance due to remanent polarization.
Classification from PRECIS: Some Possibilities.

The PREserved Context Index System (PRECIS) developed for subject indexing for the British National Bibliography is discussed as a basis for various studies relating to classification which could be made from its initial phrases, strings, entries and back-up structure. Specific possibilities include use of methodologies such as Goffman's “indirect method,” Fox's “characterization” of rules, derivation of empirical hyperbolic distributions, and lognormal distributions. The relationship of existing methods of subject analysis to each other through PRECIS is explored. Brief samples are included.
Real-Time polymerase chain reaction of immunoglobulin rearrangements for quantitative evaluation of minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma.

Abstract The majority of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have persistence of minimal residual disease (MRD), as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of clonal immunoglobulin H (IgH) gene rearrangements. As a result, PCR analysis has not provided clinically useful prognostic information in myeloma patients. Instead, quantitative PCR approaches are required to predict patient outcomes and assess response to novel treatment strategies. We adapted real-time PCR technology to quantify myeloma cells using the IgH rearrangement and then assessed the utility of this approach in 29 patients with myeloma who had undergone autologous stem cell transplantation. Because of the high cost of producing a specific reporting probe for each patient, H-chain V-region family-specific consensus probes were used in association with allele-specific oligonucleotides for PCR amplification. Because of the high frequency with which somatic hypermutation at the immunoglobulin locus occurs in MM, a number of mismatches occurred between the patient sequences and the consensus probe. However, construction of a limited number of probes allowed real-time PCR with a sensitivity of 10(-4) to 10(-5). To validate this method, we extensively evaluated assay accuracy and reproducibility. Results indicate that real-time PCR using consensus probes provides a feasible, accurate, and reproducible method for evaluating MRD in M M and possibly in other differentiated B-cell malignancies, and one that is less expensive than the use of patient-specific probes. This technique is being used to assess tumor depletion after immunologic purging and changes in tumor burden in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation and novel treatment approaches. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2000;6(3):241-53.
Solid State RMS Recording Ammeter

The ammeter described in this paper is essentially a resistor with a variable cross section and a reversible temperature indicator. It has a foil cut into the shape of a double taper with the narrow ends joined at the center of the foil. Current flow through the foil causes a temperature gradient with the higher temperatures in the center. Liquid crystal material coated on the foil substrate changes color reversibly over a discrete range. A narrow color band forms and moves on the taper. The location of the color band is shown to be linearly proportional to the rms current passing through the foil. With the use of irreversible temperature sensing materials, this device will record the peak rms current. The analysis, experimental verification, and design data are presented. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of this ammeter are described.
Effects of Freon-113 on the survival of bacteria

An initial investigation was made of the bactericidal and sporicidal activity of the dry cleaning solvent Freon-113 (1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane) under various conditions. Representative bacterial strains selected for this study were Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and spores of Bacillus globigii (Bacillus subtilis var. niger). Various conditions were studied, including temperature, moisture, detergents and organic load. The results of this study indicate that there is the potential for survival of significant levels of micro-organisms in Freon-113 within the conditions evaluated. However, the bactericidal efficiency of this solvent increases significantly against vegetative forms at elevated temperature and, to a greater extent, upon the addition of detergents. Organic material present in the form of soiled fabric was observed to depress this efficacy whereas bacterial spores were virtually unaffected under all conditions evaluated.
An Unconventional Microcavity System for Polaritons

An unconventional microcavity structure in the strong-coupling regime is designed to engineer the properties of exciton-polaritons, including their polarization, dimensionality, and effective mass. Such polariton systems provide a sandbox for novel manybody physics.
Coordination chemistry of novel scorpionate ligands based on 3-cyclohexylpyrazole and 3-cyclohexyl-4-bromopyrazole.

The ligands [hydrotris(3-cyclohexylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [TpCy]-, tetrakis(3-cyclohexylpyrazol-1-yl)borate, [pzoTpCy]-, and hydrotris(3-cyclohexyl-4-bromopyrazol-1-yl)borate, [TpCy,4Br]- were synthesized and characterized as their Tl(I) derivatives. They were converted to a variety of tetrahedral LMX and octahedral LML‘ complexes, as well as to the dinuclear nickel carbonate complex [Ni(TpCy)]2(CO3), 4, and the compound Ni[TpCy,4Br][pzCy,4Br]3(H)2, 5. The structures of Co[TpCy]Cl, 1, Co[TpCy,4Br]Cl, 2, Co[TpCy,4Br]NCS, 3, [Ni(TpCy)]2(CO3), 4, Ni[TpCy,4Br][pzCy,4Br]3(H)2, 5, and Mo[TpCy](CO)2(η3-methallyl), 6, were determined by X-ray crystallography. The structures of paramagnetic heteroleptic complexes Co[TpCy][Tp], Co[TpCy][Tp*], Co[TpCy,4Br][Tp], and Co[TpCy,4Br][Tp*] were established by NMR. The homoleptic compounds Co[TpCy]2 and Co[TpCy,4Br]2 rearrange thermally to Co[TpCy*]2 and to Co[Tp(Cy,4Br)*]2, respectively, containing one 5-cyclohexyl group/ligand.
Updating the power spectrum of real data by the Hartley method

A general technique for updating a previously calculated power spectrum upon the reception of a new real data sample is presented. The technique is based on the Hartley transform which provides a fast and simple technique for the updating. Only N real multiplications and 2N + 1 real additions are needed for each update.
Demographic and phylogeographic histories of two venomous North American snakes of the genus Agkistrodon.

Abstract Many studies have revealed that lineages currently inhabiting formerly glaciated areas were pushed into southern glacial refugia and have expanded into their modern range since the last glacial maximum. There have been few studies that compare the effects of glacial cycles on lineage diversification and historical demography in closely related species with overlapping ranges. In this study we compare phylogeographic structure, historical demography, and approximate lineage age in two closely related and broadly co-occurring venomous snakes in eastern North America, the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) and copperhead (A. contortrix) using sequences from the mtDNA gene cytochrome b. We inferred three geographic lineages of A. contortrix and two of A. piscivorus with no common geographic or temporal pattern of lineage diversification identified for these species. Lineage diversification occurred in the Late Pliocene for A. piscivorus (∼2.5 mya) and in the Early Pleistocene for A. contortrix (∼1.5 mya). Demographic estimates revealed population expansion following the last glacial maximum (∼20,000 years ago) in two lineages of A. contortrix (the Central clade and Eastern clade) and one lineage of A. piscivorus (the Continental clade). The Florida clade of A. piscivorus is the only lineage for which constant population size through time was inferred, possibly due to stable populations persisting in areas unaffected by glacial advances. Our data suggest that unique habitat preferences may have shaped both the phylogeographic and demographic histories of each species.
Cannabis smoking and serum C-reactive protein: a quantile regressions approach based on NHANES 2005-2010.

Background Pre-clinical studies link cannabinoid-1 receptor activation to inflammation and atherosclerotic effects; anti-inflammation and immunosuppression seem to be mediated by cannabinoid-2 receptor activation. In this epidemiological study, we aim to present estimates on suspected cannabis-attributable immunomodulation as manifest in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as non-specific inflammatory markers with interpretable clinical values. With strength of data from recent large nationally representative community sample surveys, the research approach illustrates value of a quantile regressions approach in lieu of the commonly used but relatively arbitrary cutpoints for CRP values. Methods The study population encompasses 20-59 year old participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005-2010 (n=1115 recently active cannabis smokers and 8041 non-smokers, identified via confidential Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interviews). Age, sex, race, education, income-poverty ratio, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking also were measured, together with body mass index (BMI), which actually might be on a mediational path. Quantile regressions, with bootstrapping for variance estimation, made it possible to hold these covariates constant while estimating cannabis-CRP associations. Results Evidence suggesting possible cannabis-attributable immunomodulation emerges at CRP levels below the median (p Conclusions Extending pre-clinical research on cannabis-attributable immunomodulation, this study's CRP evidence points toward possible anti-inflammatory effects of cannabis smoking. More definitive evidence can be derived by combining pre-clinical research, studies of patients, and epidemiological research approaches.
Exclusive Dealing and the Pullman Sleeping Car Corporation

The current paper discusses exclusive dealing in the context of the litigation which involved the sleeping car industry in the 1940's. Both efficiency and exclusionary considerations are analyzed. A novel aspect of the paper is its consideration of staggered contract expiration dates as a means of deterring entry.
Structural determination of a palladium single crystal using photoelectron and Auger-electron angular distributions.

The angular distributions of Pd 3${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}$ (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{k}}$=1151.5 eV), Pd 3${\mathit{d}}_{3/2}$ (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{k}}$=1146.3 eV), and Pd 3${\mathit{p}}_{3/2}$ (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{k}}$=954.5 eV) photoelectrons and Pd ${\mathit{M}}_{5}$VV Auger electrons (${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{k}}$=327.5 eV) were investigated for a single-crystal Pd(100) surface. We have observed pronounced anisotropies in both photoelectron and Auger-electron intensities as a function of the polar emission angle \ensuremath{\theta} along the principal azimuthal directions 〈001〉 and 〈011〉. We find that the observed angular distributions can be explained by the forward scattering of the outgoing electron waves (regardless of whether they are photoelectrons or Auger electrons) by the atoms overlying the emitter. Direct structural information was obtained by using the kinetic-energy dependence of the angular distributions of photoelectrons and Auger electrons in that zeroth-order forward-focused peaks are independent of energy, whereas the first-order interference intensities shift with energy. Forward-scattering spectroscopy is a very powerful technique in determining the relaxation of surface atoms despite a lack of translational symmetry normal to the surface. We have shown that the Pd(100) surface does not relax within 1.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The experimentally observed angular distributions are consistent with a single-scattering model in which forward focusing dominates the photoelectron and Auger-electron angular distributions.
Trivalent molybdenum as volumetric reducing agent for admixed oxidizing agents

The aim of this study was to test the applicability of trivalent molybdenum as a volumetric reducing agent for mixtures of two and three oxidizing agents. The oxidizing agents used were ceric, vanadate dichromate and ferric solutions. All possible combinations of two and three ions were attempted. With the exception of a few cases, successful results were obtained with mixtures of two ions. Accurate determinations with three ions admixed could not be achieved; however, a close estimation was possible in some cases.
Characterization of various Ti-Al film alloys as wafer temperature metrology systems

Of the various techniques used to monitor wafer temperature during hot metal sputter deposition, use of wafers with Ti/Al alloy film stacks provides high consistency, run-to-run repeatability, good temperature sensitivity, and ease of use in a production factory. This work details the development of improved Ti/Al temperature monitor wafers for use on hot metal physical vapor deposition (PVD) systems. Various combinations of (1) Ti, TiW, and AlCu alloys, and (2) varying thickness of each metal layer were ran at three different heater temperature setpoints on an Applied Materials Endura 5500 PVD system. The experimental design is discussed and the temperature sensitivities are analyzed for each Ti/Al film stack combination and subsequently compared to the standard Ti/Al alloy monitor performance. The correct combination of AlCu film alloy and AlCu film thickness resulted in a monitor three times more sensitive than the existing Ti/Al monitor.
Impact of the Internet on collection development: where are we now? Where are we headed? An informal study

Forty-one bibliographers described how the Internet has changed their work, and six library directors speculated about future change. Findings confirm that responding bibliographers collect Internet resources and make broad use of the Internet as a collection tool, while the directors see their libraries as well-positioned for an uncertain future.
Australian Government Policies and the Balance of Trade Performance of the Transportation Equipment Industry: A Comparative Perspective

This paper investigates factors that have affected the trade balance of the Australian motor vehicle industry and considers the impact of Australian government policies to encourage the development of that industry. It presents an overview of the industry, discusses the history of government policies to promote both manufacturing and exports of motor vehicle products, and provides a comparison of Australia with other developing producers of motor vehicles. A linear regression model is employed to examine the impact of government policies on net exports, and the results are compared with experiences of countries with similar motor vehicle sectors.
Effect of ductility on the fatigue behavior of epoxy resins

The effect of ductility on fatigue behavior was studied using two DGEBA-based (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A) epoxies: a ductile Epon 815/Versamid 140 and a brittle Epon 828/Epon Z. Failure modes were different although normalized stress-life relations were similar for both resins. Two competing failure mechanisms were identified: viscoelastic creep, and nucleation and coalescence into a main crack of microcracks. No signs of crazing or fibrillation were detected. The plastic elongation during fatigue was larger in Epon 815/Versamid 140. Fracture sources showed cracked material surrounded by a region of stable growth of the main crack. In the brittle Epon 828/Epon Z cracked material was scarce and the crack initiation region was clean, especially at high stress levels. Discontinuous crack growth bands and striations were seen in the stable crack growth regions. During unstable propagation the crack advanced at different levels joined by deep cleavage steps. Branching of the main crack occurred only in the brittle resin at the final stage of propagation.
Influence of long-range order on deformation induced by sliding wear

Abstract Samples of ordered and disordered Cu 3 Au were worn against a reciprocating sapphire cylinder in an argon environment. While the coefficients of friction were virtually identical for the two structures, the disordered alloy exhibited a wear rate nearly double that of the ordered alloy. The wear-induced strain hardening was characterized with microindentation hardness measurements made in, and adjacent to, the wear track. X-ray line broadening analysis and scanning electron microscopy were combined with residual stress measurements to characterize the surface and subsurface deformation resulting from sliding contact and related to the degree of longrange order. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the deformation resulting from the passage of a simulated asperity across the surface.
The hawaii to tahiti shuttle experiment.

The Shuttle Experiment conducted between Hawaii and Tahiti from January 1979 to June 1980 was designed to observe the changing equatorial ocean structure and circulation, to study the variations and interactions of the four major equatorial ocean currents, and to develop a scientific basis for their monitoring by simple observations of thermal structure and sea level. Preliminary analyses of the results show that the equatorial thermal structure remains intact during a normal year and that only the positions and intensities of the currents are subject to change. The water transport of the equatorial undercurrent varied from 25 x 106 cubic meters per second in January to 51 x 106 cubic meters per second in July, but also exhibited strong short-term pulsations. The equatorial surface flow responded strongly to the winds at periods of 1 month and longer. An array of drifter buoys in the equatoral countercurrent was subject to very little dispersion while traveling over 4500 kilometers in 4 months. Low-frequency fluctuations in the North Equatorial Countercurrent can be monitored by means of the difference in sea level between Fanning and Majuro.
Active immunization against pertussis; immunization with live antigen.

Summary(1) Live pertussis vaccine proved to be more effective than killed vaccine in mouse protection tests. (2) The use of live vaccine in human subjects is under investigation.
On the Usage of Spectral and Broadband Satellite Instrument Measurements to Differentiate Climate Models with Different Cloud Feedback Strengths

AbstractTop-of-atmosphere radiometric signals associated with different high- and low-cloud–radiative feedbacks have been examined through the use of an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE). The OSSE simulates variations in the spectrally resolved and spectrally integrated signals that are due to a range of plausible feedbacks of the climate system when forced with CO2 concentrations that increase at 1% yr−1. This initial version of the OSSE is based on the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), and exploits the fact that CCSM3 exhibits different cloud feedback strengths for different model horizontal resolutions. In addition to the conventional broadband shortwave albedos and outgoing longwave fluxes, a dataset of shortwave spectral reflectance and longwave spectral radiance has been created. These data have been analyzed to determine simulated satellite instrument signals of poorly constrained cloud feedbacks for three plausible realizations of Earth's climate system produced by CCS...
Relative abundance and lengths of Kendall Warm Springs dace captured from different habitats in a specially designed trap

Abstract A trap was designed to capture endangered Kendall Warm Springs dace Rhinichthys osculus thermalis (a subspecies of speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus) without being destructive to the habitat of the fish in Kendall Warm Springs Creek, Wyoming. Four experiments were conducted to determine differences in catch per unit effort (CPUE) and length frequencies of fish among differing habitat types. The CPUE was highest in channel habitats with current, and one experiment indicated that it was particularly high at vertical interfaces with vegetation. Longer fish were captured in channel habitats away from vegetation than in vegetated areas. The CPUE was significantly greater during the day than at night during one experiment, but no significant differences were observed among the other three experiments. The traps were easy and inexpensive to construct, could be used in a variety of stream habitats, and may have applications in other small streams for sampling small, benthic fishes.
Co-dimension two bifurcations in the presence of noise

Some results pertaining to co-dimension two stochastic bifurcations are presented. The normal form associated with non-semi-simple double-zero eigenvalues is considered. The method of stochastic averaging applicable for singularly perturbed stochastic differential equations is used to further reduce the problem to a one dimensional diffusion process. Probability density, most probable values, stability conditions in probability, and mean exit times are obtained for the reduced system.
The future of immune checkpoint therapy

Immune checkpoint therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance antitumor immune responses, has led to important clinical advances and provided a new weapon against cancer. This therapy has elicited durable clinical responses and, in a fraction of patients, long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical signs of cancer for many years. The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in our ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. This will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.
An Experiment in Numerical Prediction of Fog and Stratus

Abstract The feasibility of a dynamical model for forecasting the development and dissipation of fog and stratus is studied. Several simple models based on numerical solutions of the diffusion equation are developed and tested. The resulting predictions are examined with regard to the likelihood of achieving any degree of success with this type of model. The observational data required for the predictions, and the time and space scales on which the observations must be made are noted.
Production of Blue-Fluorescent Pyrazines by A. parasiticus

Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 did not produce aflatoxins on peptone-mineral salts medium, but did accumulate blue-fluorescent material having Rf's on thin-layer chromatographic plates similar to aflatoxins B1 and B2. The blue-fluorescent material was ultimately resolved into nine compounds. The four major compounds were tentatively identified by mass spectrometry as deoxyaspergillic acid, flavocol, deoxydehydroxymutaaspergillic acid, and 2-hydroxy-3,6-di-sec-butylpyrazine, blue-fluorescent pyrazines that have previously been isolated from other aspergilli. Evaluation of AOAC- recommended solvent systems for aflatoxin analyses indicated that diethyl ether/methanol/water (98:1:1) was the best TLC solvent system for separating aflatoxins from interferring fluorescent material. Pyrazine production was inversely related to carbohydrate content of the medium. Care should be taken in evaluating aflatoxin analyses of material with high protein and low carbohydrate levels.
TOWARD A TRUE AUTHOR ENTRY SYSTEM FOR CAI

Abstract CAI course authors have been faced with the distinct problem of having to learn an instructional coding language before they can get their courses into the computer. A system has been devised so that an author may easily write his course in English on course planning forms and then a preprocessor will generate the coding which will be input for the machine assembler.
Evaluation of Handheld Radionuclide Identifiers

Characterization of commercially available instruments for measurement and identification of unknown radionuclides was carried out in support of the development and testing of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard, N42.34, “Performance Criteria for Hand-held Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides.” Measurements were based on the performance of the devices, i.e., the capability of the detectors to ensure a correct radionuclide identification in a given time interval for various radioactive sources.
Requirement of ADP-ribosylation for the pertussis toxin-induced alteration in electrophoretic mobility of G-proteins.

Summary Pertussis toxin (PTX) catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α-subunit of GTPbinding proteins (G-proteins) in the presence of NAD+. Pertussis toxin also decreases the electrophoretic mobility of the a-subunit on urea SDS PAGE. This effect of PTX has been suggested to be a property of the toxin different from its ability to catalyze ADP-ribosylation. However, the present report provides evidence to the contrary; ie, this mobility shift required the ADP-ribosylation of α-subunits. This conclusion was based on: (1) in the presence of increasing concentrations of NAD+ (0.026-1.3 μM), there was a linear increase in the formation of the slower migrating α-subunit as measured by immunoblotting with selective antisera, (2) addition of NADase to the incubation mixture completely eliminated the formation of this protein, and (3) increasing concentrations of nicotinamide (50–250 mM), which inhibits ADP-ribosylation, decreased the amount of the slower migrating a-subunit. Thus, in addition to PTX, NAD+ was required for the mobility shift and the slower migrating a-subunit is likely the ADP-ribosylated form.
Pituitary apoplexy following chlorpromazine stimulation.

Chlorpromazine is frequently administered to patients with hyperprolactinemia to stimulate an increase in the serum levels of prolactin. A patient with a prolactin secreting adenoma is described in whom pituitary apoplexy developed in association with a hypotensive episode following the administration of 25 mg of chlorpromazine. Prolactin levels fell from more than 2,000 ng/ml to 340 ng/ml following infarction of the pituitary tumor. Pituitary apoplexy should be considered as a rare complication of chlorpromazine stimulation in a patient with a pituitary tumor. ( Arch Intern Med 138:1738-1739, 1978)
Conservation Implications of Chamorro Consumption of Flying Foxes as a Possible Cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis–Parkinsonism Dementia Complex in Guam

Abstract: In the Pacific island of Guam, flying fox ( Pteropus mariannus and P. tokudae ) populations historically persisted for centuries despite subsistence foraging by the indigenous Chamorro people. However, the militarization of Guam in the twentieth century, with an increased emphasis on a cash rather than a subsistence economy, led to two features that had deleterious effects on the flying fox populations: easy access to firearms greatly increased hunter yields and disposable income facilitated commercial traffic in flying foxes. As a result, consumption of flying foxes dramatically increased, leading to the extinction of one indigenous species and near extinction of another. The demise of the flying fox populations was mirrored by a subsequent decrease in the health of the Chamorro people. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–Parkinsonism dementia complex ( ALS-PDC ), a neurological disease with aspects of ALS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease, became a major cause of adult death in some villages. It has been recently hypothesized that consumption of flying foxes by the Chamorro may have generated sufficiently high cumulative doses of neurotoxins to result in the observed high levels of ALS-PDC among the Chamorros in Guam because flying foxes forage on cycad seeds that are rich in neurotoxins. Commercialization of traffic in wild flying fox populations may have therefore produced grave health consequences for the Chamorro people.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF RABIES VIRUS IN MOUSE BRAIN.

The cells of brains of 2- and 3-day old mice infected with street rabies virus were examined in the electron microscope. It was observed that characteristic rod-like or elongated particles were found within a "matrix" in the cytoplasm of nerve cells and of astrocytes. These rod-like particles can be separated into two types, on the basis of slightly different morphological features. One particle is 110 to 120 mµ wide and has double-membraned coats; the other is 120 to 130 mµ wide and is covered by a single limiting membrane. The former is closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The biological relationship between the two types is unknown, but both types of particles are considered to be street rabies viruses because of their structural features. It is believed that segmentation and branching of elongated particles may play a role in virus multiplication. Negri bodies appear as dense round bodies containing various coarse structures but no virus particles.
A meso-scale finite element model for simulating free-edge effect in carbon/epoxy textile composite

Abstract Textile composites are well known for their excellent through thickness properties and impact resistance. In this study, a representative unit cell model of a triaxial braided composite is developed based on the composite fiber volume ratio, specimen thickness and microscopic image analysis. A meso-scale finite element (FE) mesh is generated based on the detailed unit cell dimensions and fiber bundle geometry parameters. The fiber bundles are modeled as unidirectional fiber reinforced composites. A micromechanical finite element model was developed to predict the elastic and strength material properties of each unidirectional composite by imposing correct boundary conditions that can simulate the actual deformation within the braided composite. These details are then applied in the meso-mechanical finite element model for a 0°/+60°/−60° triaxially braided T700s/E862 carbon/epoxy composite. Model correlations are conducted by comparing numerical predicted and experimental measured axial tension and transverse tension response of a straight-sided, single-layer (one ply thick) coupon. By applying a periodic boundary condition in the loading direction, the meso model captures the local damage initiation and global failure behavior, as well as the periodic free-edge warping effect. The failure mechanisms are studied using the field damage initiation contours and local stress history. The influence of free-edge effect on the failure behaviors is investigated. The numerical study results reveal that this meso model is capable of predicting free-edge effect and allows identification of its impact on the composite response.
Ex-Ante Policy Analysis in Civil Infrastructure Systems

According to the National Academy of Engineering, innovations such as intelligent transportation systems, alternative fuels, and smart grids are critical to enhancing the resilience and sustainability of infrastructure systems. One key to realizing infrastructure innovations is effective policymaking based on a comprehensive analysis of the system. However, policy analysis in infrastructure systems is difficult because of the existence of complex adaptive behaviors and uncertainties. The objective of this paper is to create an ex-ante analysis framework using Agent-Based simulation to facilitate incorporation of uncertainties and complex adaptive behaviors of stakeholders in the analysis of infrastructure policies. The proposed framework includes three phases: definition, abstraction, and implementation. First, the steps in each phase will be discussed. Then, the application of the framework is demonstrated for the assessment of financial innovation policies for U.S. transportation infrastructure. Using hybrid agent-based/system dynamics techniques, a computational model is created to simulate the micro behaviors of state departments of transportation, private institutional investors, and the public. The results of the model include the visualization of the outcomes of different policies and the identification of the desired policy landscapes. The proposed framework provides policymakers with an integrated methodology through which an infrastructure policy problem is formulated, micro behaviors of the agents are modeled, the policy landscape is created, and the desired scenarios are identified.
Channels of maize and sorghum starch granules

The radial, tube-like channels of corn/maize and sorghum starch granules, which penetrate from the external surface inward toward a cavity at the hilum, were found to vary in depth of penetration from granule to granule. Most, but not all, channels spanned the entire granule matrix, from the outer surface to the central cavity. Under slight swelling conditions (water), cavities swelled somewhat closed, while channels appeared to remain open. Swelling also affected the permeability of the granule matrix to dye molecules. Penetration of an aqueous dye solution occurred primarily from the central cavity outward and laterally from channels. Even under the slight swelling conditions, colloidal gold particles filled channels and cavities, showing that they are voids.
970-2 Digitally Compressed Echocardiograms Offer Superior Image and Diagnostic Quality to Video Tape: Results of the Digital ERA (Echo Record Access) Study

Routine use of digital echocardiography has many advantages but requires inordinate amounts of computer memory. Storing compressed images would reduce memory needs; however, image quality (IQ) and diagnostic quality (DQ) may suffer. To gather data from a wide variety of echo users, attendees of the 1994 American Society of Echocardiography Scientific Sessions were asked to participate in a study comparing the IQ and DQ of digital images against images digitized from video tape of the same structures. Methods Video and digital loops were presented in a random, blinded, sideby-side manner. The digital images were either uncompressed or JPEG compressed at a 10:1 or 20:1 ratio. 179 conference attendees participated (73 physicians (41%), 61 sonographers (34%) and 25% others) and compared 20 pairs of loops of grayscale images (5 different pathologies at 3 compressions, with 1 pair repeated). The pathologies used were: mitral valve vegetation (D1), posterior LV wall hypokinesis (D2), posterior mitral leaflet prolapse D3), amyloidosis with Eustachian valve (D4), and mitral stenosis with spontaneous echo contrast (D5). Participants were asked to grade which image had better IQ and which had better DQ using a 5-point scale. Responses from only physicians and sonographers were used to assess DQ. Results For all pathologies combined, the digital images have significantly better IQ and DQ (Wilcoxon Sign Rank (WSR), p l 0.0001 for each compression level). Similarly, for each individual pathology, the IQ is significantly better than the video at all levels of compression (WSR, p l 0.0005 for each compression and disease type). For DQ, all 5 pathologies tended to favor the digital images with D2–D4 teaching statistical significance. There is no significant differrence in IQ and DQ between uncompressed and compressed digital images-even at compression ratios of up to 20:1. (Friedman's test, IQ-p = 0.521, DQ-p = 0.252). Conclusions Results from 179 observers indicate that diagnostic and image quality of JPEG compressed images (even at a 20:1 compression) are significantly better than video tape (the current standard). Furthermore, amongst the digital images there is no significant difference between uncompressed and 20: 1 JPEG compressed images. Thus, archival of JPEG compressed digital images is superior to images stored on video tape.
Ugi four-center three-component reaction for the parallel solid-phase synthesis of N-substituted thiomopholinones

Abstract Starting with resin-bound bifunctional 2-(2-aminoethylthio)acetic, an efficient synthesis of a variety of N-cycloakyl thiomopholinones is described utilizing the Ugi four-center three-component reaction (U-4C-3CR).
Adaptive visual-motor coordination in multijoint robots using parallel architecture

This article derives and simulates a neural-like network architecture that adaptively controls a visually guided, two-jointed robot arm to reach spot targets in three dimensions. The architecture learns and maintains visual-motor calibrations by itself, starting with only loosely defined relationships. The geometry of the architecture is composed of distributed, interleaved combinations of actuator inputs. It is fault tolerant and uses analog processing. Learning is achieved by modifying the distributions of input weights in the architecture after each arm positioning. Modifications of the weights are made incrementally according to errors of consistency between the actuator signals used to orient the cameras and those used to move the arm. Computer simulations show that errors in the intended arm acutator signals after learning are an average 4.3% of the signal range, across all possible targets.
The Globalization of Taxation? Electronic Commerce and the Transformation of the State

The anticipated growth of new communications technologies, including the Internet and other digital networks, will make it increasingly difficult for states to tax global commerce effectively. Greater harmonization and coordination of national tax policies will likely be required in the coming years in order to address this problem. Given that the history of the state is inseparable from the history of taxation, this “globalization of taxation” could have far-reaching political implications. The modern state itself emerged out of a fiscal crisis of medieval European feudalism, which by the 14th and 15th centuries was increasingly incapable of raising sufficient revenues to support the mounting expenses of warfare. If new developments in the technology of commerce are now undermining the efficiency of the state as an autonomous taxing entity, fiscal pressures may produce a similar shift in de facto political authority away from the state and toward whatever international mechanisms are created to expedite the taxation of these new forms of commerce.
Electrosorption of n‐alcohols on graphite particles

The loading of organic molecules adsorbed on high surface area carbon materials can be influenced by the potential of the surface. This phenomenon can form the basis for carbon regeneration and for separation processes. A theoretical treatment demonstrates that adsorption loading becomes more sensitive to potential change when the double layer capacitance of the interface and the size of the organic species are increased. An experimental method was developed to estimate isotherm parameters. The technique was demonstrated on model adsorbates, pentanol and heptanol. The values of the measured isotherm parameters (B = 3.4–9.1 V−2: Emax = 0.36-0.5 V vs. Hg/Hg2 SO4) are in the range of expected values based on literature values for similar systems. Although only 5% of activated carbon surface area was shown to be electrochemically accessible, it still has ten times the area available for electrosorption as compared to the graphite, thus making it attractive for industrial application.
Motor training induces experience-specific patterns of plasticity across motor cortex and spinal cord

The motor cortex and spinal cord possess the remarkable ability to alter structure and function in response to differential motor training. Here we review the evidence that the corticospinal system is not only plastic but that the nature and locus of this plasticity is dictated by the specifics of the motor experience. Skill training induces synaptogenesis, synaptic potentiation, and reorganization of movement representations within motor cortex. Endurance training induces angiogenesis in motor cortex, but it does not alter motor map organization or synapse number. Strength training alters spinal motoneuron excitability and induces synaptogenesis within spinal cord, but it does not alter motor map organization. All three training experiences induce changes in spinal reflexes that are dependent on the specific behavioral demands of the task. These results demonstrate that the acquisition of skilled movement induces a reorganization of neural circuitry within motor cortex that supports the production and refinement of skilled movement sequences. We present data that suggest increases in strength may be mediated by an increased capacity for activation and/or recruitment of spinal motoneurons while the increased metabolic demands associated with endurance training induce cortical angiogenesis. Together these results show the robust pattern of anatomic and physiological plasticity that occurs within the corticospinal system in response to differential motor experience. The consequences of such distributed, experience-specific plasticity for the encoding of motor experience by the motor system are discussed.
Structural Violence as Political Experience in Palestine: An Archaeology of the Past in the Present

While structural violence is indispensable to the functioning of Empire, its existence remains unacknowledged in mainstream political discourse. Perpetual checkpoints and insufficient infrastructure in Palestine are instances of violence that are integral to an ever-expanding Israeli state. This paper analyzes how archaeological narratives contribute to trauma and suffering in Palestine, and discusses alternative ways of doing an archaeology that is politically conscious by acknowledging co-responsibility for structural inequalities. Here it is critical that the practice of reflexively locating ourselves as researchers is taken beyond the epistemological level into the realm of political transformation: I propose a methodological shift in academic knowledge production that practices a politics of location and advocates alignment with oppressed peoples. Positing an ‘archaeology of the past in the present,’ I argue that this shift can be intellectually and politically meaningful only if it avoids analytical closure and recognizes how political struggle generates knowledge that can contribute to a just archaeological research agenda. في حين أن العنف الهيكلي امر لا غنى عنه في عمل الامبراطورية , فان وجوده لا يزال غير معترف به في خطاب التيار السياسي الرئيسي. نقاط التفتيش الدائمة والبنية التحتية الغير كافية في فلسطين هي حالات من العنف والذي هو جزء لا يتجزأ من الاستمرار بتوسع دولة اسرائيل المستمر. . هذه المقالة تحلل كيفية مساهمة ( الأثرية السرد) في الصدمة والمعاناة في فلسطين ، وتناقش السبل والطرق البديلة للعمل في علم الآثار والتي توجد الوعي السياسي من خلال الاعتراف بالمسؤولية المشتركة عن الاختلالات الهيكلية. من المهم هنا ان ممارستنا لعملية توظيف انفسنا كباحثين بالغريزة , اخذت تتجاوز المستوى المعرفي في عالم التحول السياسي : أقترح التحول المنهجي في انتاج المعرفة الأكاديمية التي تمارس السياسة من موقع التوافق مع المدافعين عن الشعوب المضطهدة . افتراض ان “ علم اثار الماضي ,بالحاضر” , أنا اعتقد ان هذا التحول يمكن ان يكون ذا معنى سياسي وفكري ,فقط اذا تجنب اغلاق التحليلات وأدرك كيف ان النضال السياسي يولد المعرفة التي يمكن ان تسهم في جدولة اعمال للبحوث الأثرية فقط.