cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating the nature of co-occurring depression and anxiety: Comparing diagnostic and dimensional research approaches

Abstract Background Although approximately half of adults diagnosed with a depressive or anxiety disorder exhibit their simultaneous co-occurrence, traditional research has centered on single-target diagnoses, overlooking comorbidities within samples. In this article, we review and extend the literature that directly investigates co-occurring depression and anxiety, with the goal of shifting the focus from co-occurring diagnoses to symptom dimensions. Methods First, we review studies that have directly compared psychobiological features (neural, neuroendocrine, autonomic) across depression, anxiety, and their co-occurrence, defined either categorically or dimensionally. Second, we analyze adults’ diurnal cortisol secretion to examine the independent and interactive relations of continuously-assessed depressive and anxiety symptoms to neuroendocrine function. Results Previous findings on the psychobiology of diagnostic co-occurrence are mixed. While nascent, evidence from dimensionally focused studies suggests that co-occurring levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms can interact with one another, as reflected in a distinct psychobiological profile for individuals with high levels of both symptom dimensions. Results of our analyses support this formulation: we found that depressive and anxiety symptom dimensions interacted consistently in their relation to the measures of diurnal cortisol. Limitations The illustrative sample was relatively small and included only women; future research should examine generalizability of these findings. Conclusions A dimensional approach to investigating the psychobiology of co-occurring depression and anxiety affords both conceptual and practical advantages. Simultaneously assessing depressive and anxiety symptom dimensions can efficiently capture their unique, shared, and interactive features, thereby identifying targets for intervention across a wide range of symptom presentations.
Malignant Rolandic-Sylvian Epilepsy

The diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of seven children with a syndrome termed “malignant rolandic-sylvian epilepsy (MRSE)” are described following retrospective chart analyses of 24 patients who were studied with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and intracranial video-EEG (IVEEG) at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Optimum conjugation length in donor-acceptor molecules for third-order nonlinear optics

We report on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of a series of molecules, first published in Chem. Eur. J.19, 12693–12704 (2013)CHRYAQ0009-305X10.1002/chem.201301642, where a donor and an acceptor group are separated by a linear conjugated system consisting of only carbon atoms building triple bonds (0 to 5 acetylene spacers). We determine how the wavelength-dependent complex third-order polarizabilities of these molecules vary with the number of acetylene spacers between donor and acceptor groups. We find that both peak two-photon absorption cross sections and off-resonant third-order polarizabilities reach a maximum for 3 spacers and that their corresponding intrinsic values decrease for longer conjugation lengths. At the same time, the observed third-order polarizabilities are two orders of magnitude larger than those seen in similar molecules of similar size but without donor–acceptor substitution. There is also a resonant enhancement of the real part of the third-order polarizability that only appears for the longer molecules, and reaches ∼5 times the off-resonant value for a molecule with 4 spacers. This enhancement is found at the long-wavelength side of the two-photon absorption where the ratio between real and imaginary parts of the third-order polarizabilities still exceeds 10.
Study of a New Mode of Plastic Deformation in Zinc Crystals

Zinc monocrystals, when compressed nearly parallel to their basal planes (within 2°), deform in a new way; and certain deformation markings, called “Viands,” are typical of this new mode. Characteristics of these μ-bands are described. Mechanical behavior of low angle zinc monocrystals was investigated in some detail. Recrystallization did not occur upon annealing of μ-banded specimens that were free of deformation twins. μ-Bands do not seem to be the result of nonbasal slip, but rather, a result of a microbuckling mechanism. μ-Bands differ qualitatively and quantitatively from ortho kink bands. A dislocation model, consistent with spine pf the features of μ-ands, is described.
The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory.

The Deese, Roediger and McDermott (DRM) task is a false memory paradigm in which subjects are presented with lists of semantically related words (e.g., nurse, hospital, etc.) at encoding. After a delay, subjects are asked to recall or recognize these words. In the recognition memory version of the task, subjects are asked whether they remember previously presented words, as well as related (but never presented) critical lure words ('doctor'). Typically, the critical word is recognized with high probability and confidence. This false memory effect has been robustly demonstrated across short (e.g., immediate, 20 min) and long (e.g., 1, 7, 60 d) delays between encoding and memory testing. A strength of using this task to study false memory is its simplicity and short duration. If encoding and retrieval components of the task occur in the same session, the entire task can take as little as 2 - 30 min. However, although the DRM task is widely considered a 'false memory' paradigm, some researchers consider DRM illusions to be based on the activation of semantic memory networks in the brain, and argue that such semantic gist-based false memory errors may actually be useful in some scenarios (e.g., remembering the forest for the trees; remembering that a word list was about "doctors", even though the actual word "doctor" was never presented for study). Remembering the gist of experience (instead of or along with individual details) is arguably an adaptive process and this task has provided a great deal of knowledge about the constructive, adaptive nature of memory. Therefore, researchers should use caution when discussing the overall reach and implications of their experiments when using this task to study 'false memory', as DRM memory errors may not adequately reflect false memories in the real world, such as false memory in eyewitness testimony, or false memories of sexual abuse.
Bridging the divide between fire safety research and fighting fire safely: how do we convey research innovation to contribute more effectively to wildland firefighter safety?

Creating a safe workplace for wildland firefighters has long been at the centre of discussion for researchers and practitioners. The goal of wildland fire safety research has been to protect operational firefighters, yet its contributions often fall short of potential because much is getting lost in the translation of peer-reviewed results to potential and intended users. When information that could enhance safety is not adopted by individuals, the potential to improve safety – to decipher the wildland fire physical or social environment and to recognise hazards – is lost. We use firefighter safety-zone research as a case study to examine how primary research is, and could be, transferred to fire managers, policy-makers and firefighters. We apply four core communication theories (diffusion, translation, discourse and media richness) to improve knowledge transfer.
Canceled MRI-guided Breast Biopsies Due to Nonvisualization: Follow-up and Outcomes.

Rationale and Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate breast lesion outcomes in patients after canceled MRI-guided breast biopsy due to lesion nonvisualization. Materials and Methods Electronic medical records (January 2007–December 2014) were searched for patients with canceled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided breast biopsies due to lesion nonvisualization. A total of 1403 MRI-detected lesions were scheduled for MRI-guided biopsy and 89 were canceled because of nonvisualization. Imaging studies and medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and subsequent malignancy. Patients without adequate MRI follow-up imaging were excluded. Statistical analysis was employed to determine if patient demographics or lesion characteristics were predictive of lesion resolution or lesion biopsy after subsequent follow-up. Results Eighty-nine (6.3% [89/1403]; 95% confidence interval, 5.2%–7.7%) biopsies in 89 women were canceled because of nonvisualization. Follow-up MRIs greater than 5.5 months were available for 60.7% (54/89) of women. In 74.1% (40/54) of these patients, the lesions completely resolved on follow-up. In 25.9% (14/54) of the patients, the lesion persisted on follow-up; 42.9% (6/14) of these patients underwent biopsy. One case (1.9% [1/54]) yielded ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion at the 6-month follow-up. No patient demographics or lesion features were associated with lesion resolution or lesion biopsy. Conclusions The majority of canceled MRI-guided biopsy lesions resolved on later follow-up; however, because of the small possibility of a missed malignancy, follow-up MRI imaging at 6 months is recommended.
Black-footed ferret recovery: a discussion of some options and considerations.

A framework for recovery planning for the black-footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ) is presented. Current species numbers are probably not sufficient to maintain longterm viability. Three options are presented for increasing ferret numbers: (1) increase available habitat for ferrets where they currently exist, (2) find more wild ferrets elsewhere, and (3) directly manipulate the ferret population through translocation and/ or captive rearing. The first two options are either unlikely or currently unfeasable, making it necessary to initiate the third option to ensure ferret recovery. Even if additional ferret populations are located, option three should still be implemented. Three options for direct manipulation to increase ferret numbers and populations are discussed along with accompanying considerations. The captive-rearing/translocation options for species recovery is strongly recommended.
Multivariate Tests of Means

Investigators in the human services almost always have more than one outcome variable. Frequently in such studies the researcher simply performs separate statistical tests on all of the dependent variables. There are, however, serious drawbacks to such a procedure. The first is that the overall probability of Type I error will be larger than the decision level set for each separate test. To put this simply, if we test lots of hypotheses separately at the .05 level, there is a high probability that at least one of them will be rejected “just by chance.” Thus, it is desirable that some way be found to test all of the hypotheses simultaneously. We thus come to one of the core motivations for multivariate analysis: the problem of multiple dependent variables. It turns out that the procedure for the multivariate test of means closely parallels that for single variables. So we begin with a review of the test for single variables.
The effects of carrier bandwidth and intensity on spectral ripple perception in listeners with hearing loss

Listeners with hearing loss often need to listen to speech signals at high intensities to ensure proper audibility. Spectral processing deteriorates at high intensities, but signal acoustics such as bandwidth and filtering can be used to mitigate this deterioration. This study evaluated the effect of carrier bandwidth on broadband spectral processing at high intensities for individuals with hearing loss. Spectral modulation detection thresholds were measured using a rippled noise carrier with varying bandwidths from 1 to 4 octaves, to assess whether individuals with hearing loss were more susceptible to the deleterious effects of high-intensity compared to their counterparts with normal hearing. Results show that spectral processing degrades at high intensities. Listeners with hearing loss benefited from the increase in signal bandwidth at high intensities much more than their counterparts with normal hearing. Our findings suggest that spectral processing for broadband signals involve within and across ch...
Talking about Teeth: Egocentric Networks and Oral Health Outcomes in a Mexican American Immigrant Community

Latinos in the United States have poor outcomes for periodontal and dental health. However, a detailed description of the mechanisms driving these patterns has only recently started to be addressed in the literature. In the current study, we explore relationships between individual-level characteristics of Mexican immigrants, properties of their networks, and experiences of dental problems. Specifically, using data from an urban community of Mexican immigrants to the American Midwest (n = 332), this study examines how characteristics of oral health matters (OHM) discussion networks and individual-level sociodemographic characteristics are associated with four adverse oral health outcomes. The results provide strong support for relationships between immigrants’ network characteristics and dental problems. We find that people with more dental problems talk about these issues more frequently with network ties. Conversely, stronger relationships with OHM discussion networks, as measured by mean closeness, are predictive of fewer dental problems. In addition, we identify a link between perceptions of alters’ knowledge about teeth, mouth, and gums and egos reporting better oral health outcomes. The observed patterns are suggestive of mechanisms of social influence that are well replicated in the social, medical, and public health literatures, but that have seldom been empirically tested in the domain of oral health. Though preliminary, our findings suggest a potential explanatory role for social networks in some of the most important questions and problems in oral health disparities research. In all, our findings suggest that social network members are active participants in the management and response to oral health problems in this immigrant group and should be considered an important factor in the development and course of diseases.
Causal explanations of depression and treatment credibility in adults with untreated depression: Examining attribution theory

OBJECTIVES Understanding depression as biologically caused has been shown to impact both treatment preferences and prognostic pessimism. Attribution theory has been posited as an explanation for this relationship. Given that evidence-based psychotherapy is effective yet often not delivered to individuals with depression, the present study sought to determine factors that impact treatment credibility. DESIGN Non-treatment-seeking, depressed individuals (n = 229) were randomly assigned to read a psychoeducation article about depression that consisted of a biological causal explanation, psychosocial causal explanation, or a non-causal control. METHODS Attributional dimensions of locus, stability, and control were examined as mediating the relationship between causal explanation and treatment credibility and prognostic pessimism. RESULTS Individuals in the biological condition were more likely to find antidepressant medication a credible treatment for depression. The manipulation had no direct effect on preference for psychotherapy or prognostic pessimism. Attributional dimensions of locus, stability, and control did not mediate the relationship between causal explanation and treatment credibility. To the extent that the psychosocial article increased perceived instability of the depression cause, however, prognostic pessimism was reduced. CONCLUSIONS The present study has implications for framing education about depression in mental health literacy programs and public awareness campaigns. PRACTITIONER POINTS This study found that conceptualizing depression as biologically caused increased the credibility of medication but not psychotherapy Participants reading a biological explanation of depression demonstrated an increase on some aspects of stigma and prognostic pessimism Emphasizing the person-environment interaction rather than biological causes decreased the perceived stability of depression which was associated with a decrease in prognostic pessimism.
Treatment strategies and risk of central nervous system recurrence in high-grade B-cell and Burkitt lymphoma.

The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification has designated two categories of high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBCL): HGBCL with MYC and BLC2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (often referred to as...
Bodyweight Misperception by Chinese American Females Influenced by Cultural and Social Ideals: Implication for Home Health Care:

Bodyweight misperception results from the desire to achieve an ideal body emphasized by cultural mores and societal norms. It is sustained by the desire to be cultural compliant, especially for eth...
VA social work leadership and compassion fatigue during the 2017 hurricane season

Disasters are a worldwide phenomenon. Social workers in mental health settings play a pivotal role in providing relief to individuals/families victimized by disasters, yet, how social workers ease ...
Translating CKD Research into Primary Care Practice: a Group-Randomized Study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in the primary care setting. Early interventions may prevent progression of renal disease and reduce risk for cardiovascular complications, yet quality gaps have been documented. Successful approaches to improve identification and management of CKD in primary care are needed. To assess whether implementation of a primary care improvement model results in improved identification and management of CKD 18-month group-randomized study 21 primary care practices in 13 US states caring for 107,094 patients To promote implementation of CKD improvement strategies, intervention practices received clinical quality measure (CQM) reports at least quarterly, hosted an on-site visit and 2 webinars, and sent clinician/staff representatives to a “best practice” meeting. Control practices received CQM reports at least quarterly. Changes in practice adherence to a set of 11 CKD CQMs We observed significantly greater improvements among intervention practices for annual screening for albuminuria in patients with diabetes or hypertension (absolute change 22% in the intervention group vs. − 2.6% in the control group, p < 0.0001) and annual monitoring for albuminuria in patients with CKD (absolute change 21% in the intervention group vs. − 2.0% in the control group, p < 0.0001). Avoidance of NSAIDs in patients with CKD declined in both intervention and control groups, with a significantly greater decline in the control practices (absolute change − 5.0% in the intervention group vs. − 10% in the control group, p < 0.0001). There were no other significant changes found for the other CQMs. Variable implementation of CKD improvement strategies was noted across the intervention practices. Implementation of a primary care improvement model designed to improve CKD identification and management resulted in significantly improved care on 3 out of 11 CQMs. Incomplete adoption of improvement strategies may have limited further improvement. Improving CKD identification and management likely requires a longer and more intensive intervention.
Children's recognition of pride.

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to examine when children identify their own experience as one of pride after they complete a difficult and competitive task (i.e., race a confederate in building a tower of blocks). A sample of 144 children between 3 and 6 years of age participated in one of three conditions. Children were told to try to build a tower of blocks taller than a confederate’s tower (exceed standard) or tried and failed to build a tower of blocks taller than the confederate’s tower (fail standard), or children were asked to build a tower of blocks alongside a confederate (no standard). Results revealed a developmental progression of recognizing pride in which children first began showing nonverbal behaviors that were reliably coded as conveying pride at around 4 years of age. Children began to apply the label/term “pride” to a photograph conveying pride in another peer at around 4 years of age and recognized their own experience as one of pride following a competitive task at around 5 years of age.
Justification and optimization of radiation exposures: a new framework to aggregate arbitrary detriments and benefits

Myriad radiation effects, including benefits and detriments, complicate justifying and optimizing radiation exposures. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework and corresponding quantitative methods to aggregate the detriments and benefits of radiation exposures to individuals, groups, and populations. In this study, concepts from the ICRP for low dose were integrated with clinical techniques focused on high dose to develop a comprehensive figure of merit (FOM) that takes into account arbitrary host- and exposure-related factors, endpoints, and time points. The study built on existing methods with three new capabilities: application to individuals, groups, and populations; extension to arbitrary numbers and types of endpoints; and inclusion of limitation, where relevant. The FOM was applied to three illustrative exposure situations: emergency response, diagnostic imaging, and cancer radiotherapy, to evaluate its utility in diverse settings. The example application to radiation protection revealed the FOM's utility in optimizing the benefits and risks to a population while keeping individual exposures below applicable regulatory limits. Examples in diagnostic imaging and cancer radiotherapy demonstrated the FOM's utility for guiding population- and patient-specific decisions in medical applications. The major finding of this work is that it is possible to quantitatively combine the benefits and detriments of any radiation exposure situation involving an individual or population to perform cost-effectiveness analyses using the ICRP key principles of radiation protection. This FOM fills a chronic gap in the application of radiation-protection theory, i.e., limitations of generalized frameworks to algorithmically justify and optimize radiation exposures. This new framework potentially enhances objective optimization and justification, especially in complex exposure situations.
Near-octave lithium niobate soliton microcomb

Thin film lithium niobate (LN) is bringing renewed potential to the realm of integrated photonics. Its strong quadratic and cubic nonlinearities as well as wide transparency window are ideal for realizing on-chip self-referenced soliton microcombs. However, broadband Kerr cavity soliton generation in LN thin films remains challenging due to limited dispersion control and competition from strong stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). Here, we demonstrate the generation of soliton microcombs in LN thin films featuring broad spectral spans up to 4/5 octaves with the emission of dual dispersion waves (2/3 octaves apart) and sub-terahertz repetition rates (down to 335 GHz) by suppressing strong SRS. Numerical simulations based on coupled-mode equations that incorporate Raman effects further elucidate the soliton dynamics in this highly Raman-active material system.
Oxygen Uptake During Exoskeletal-Assisted Walking in Persons with Paraplegia.

Abstract Objective To determine the cardiometabolic demands associated with exoskeletal-assisted walking (EAW) in persons with paraplegia. This study will further examine if training in the device for 60 sessions modifies cost of transport (CT). Design Prospective cohort study. Measurements over the course of a 60-session training program, approximately 20 sessions apart. Setting James J. Peters Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury Research Center. Participants The participants’ demographics (N=5) were 37-61 years old, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 22.7-28.6, level of injury from T1-T11, and 2-14 years since injury. Interventions Powered EAW. Main Outcome Measures Oxygen consumption per unit time ( V ˙ O 2, mL/min/kg), velocity (m/min), cost of transport ( V ˙ O 2/velocity), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Results With training: EAW velocity significantly improved (Pre: 51±51m; 0.14±0.14m/s vs Post: 99±42m; 0.28±0.12m/s, P=.023), RPE significantly decreased (Pre: 13±6 vs Post: 7±4, P=.001), V ˙ O 2 significantly improved (Pre: 9.76±1.23 mL/kg/m vs Post: 12.73±2.30 mL/kg/m, P=.04), and CT was reduced from the early to the later stages of training (3.66±5.2 vs 0.87±0.85 mL/kg/m). Conclusions The current study suggests that EAW training improves oxygen uptake efficiency and walking velocities, with a lower perception of exertion.
Conversion of protein-rich lignocellulosic wastes to bio-energy: Review and recommendations for hydrolysis + fermentation and anaerobic digestion

Abstract Considerable amounts of organic waste materials are disposed of in landfills or by incineration, creating the potential for environmental problems and missing opportunities for energy and material applications. The more digestible, valuable, and edible components (e.g. starch, lipids, edible fibers, and essential proteins for human health) are generally extracted first from biomass feedstocks, leaving the more recalcitrant, less beneficial, and unpleasant components. Due to higher-cost extractions, immature conversion techniques, and lower market demand, lignin and protein can become enriched in these biomass wastes: agricultural residues, dedicated (biofuel) plants, distillers' grains, seed cakes, forestry residues, food wastes, municipal solid wastes, sewage sludges, and digestate solids. These protein-rich lignocellulosic wastes still contain abundant fibrous polysaccharides (e.g. cellulose and hemicellulose) that have the potential for (further) conversion. In this review, each waste feedstock is evaluated for valorization by hydrolysis + fermentation, and anaerobic digestion, based on biomass composition, biomass degradation mechanisms, and yield/quality of the end products. Agricultural residues, dedicated plants, and distillers’ grains have the highest bioethanol yields compared to the other feedstocks. Stillage, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, de-oiled seed cakes, and food wastes show higher activities in anaerobic digestion and produce greater biogas yields. Integration of hydrolysis + fermentation and anaerobic digestion may maximize the bioenergy recovery, and minimize residue generation, from most types of protein-rich lignocellulosic wastes. Screening wastes for different conversion methods enables greater chances for profitability while mitigating environmental risks within agricultural, industrial, and municipal sectors.
Freedom is Just Another Word for Nothing Left to Lose: Entrepreneurialism and the Changing Nature of Employment Relations

We explore the acceptance of new contingent work relationships in the United States to reveal an emergent entrepreneurial ideology. Our argument is that these new work relationships represent a new social order not situated in the conglomerates and labor unions of the past but on a confluence of neo-liberalism and individual action situated in the discourse of entrepreneurialism, employability, and free agency. This new employment relationship, which arose during the economic and social disruptions in the 1970s, defines who belongs inside an organization (and can take part in its benefits) and who must properly remain outside to fend for themselves. More generally, the fusing of entrepreneurship with neo-liberalism has altered not only how we work and where we work, but also what we believe is appropriate work and what rewards should accompany it.
Constitutive Expression of the Promyelocytic Leukemia–Associated Oncogene PML-RARα in TF1 Cells: Isoform-Specific and Retinoic Acid–Dependent Effects on Growth, bcl-2 Expression, and Apoptosis

Two major isoforms of PML-RARalpha are associated with (15;17)-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL); however, functional differences between these isoforms have been difficult to define, and the molecular mechanism by which each isoform contributes to the pathogenesis of APL is not fully understood. To address these issues, the 'short' (S) and 'long' (L) isoforms of PML-RARalpha were constitutively expressed in the factor-dependent human erythroleukemia cell line, TF1. Expression of the L, but not the S, isoform inhibited growth of these cells in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In the absence of GM-CSF, the S isoform partially protected against apoptosis, while the L isoform accelerated cell death. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) inhibited cell growth and caused apoptosis only in PML-RARalpha-expressing cells, and these effects of ATRA were more marked in cells expressing the L isoform. ATRA treatment also led to downregulation of bcl-2 and endogenous RARalpha in PML-RARalpha-expressing cells, but had little effect on the level of exogenously expressed PML-RARalpha. We conclude that (1) subtle differences exist in the biologic activities of the L and S isoforms of PML-RARalpha, and (2) both isoforms are capable of transducing an ATRA-mediated signal that leads to downregulation of bcl-2 and induction of programmed cell death.
What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You1

This boy is Ignorance. This girl is Want. Beware them both, and all of their degree, but most of all beware this boy, for on his brow I see that written which is Doom... —Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol
Cortico-limbic responses to masked affective faces across ptsd, panic disorder, and specific phobia.

Background: Exaggerated amygdala and reduced ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) responsiveness during emotional processing have been reported in studies examining individual anxiety disorders. Studies are needed, however, which directly compare activation of amygdalo-cortical circuitry across multiple anxiety disorders within the same study. Here we compared cortico-limbic neurocircuitry across three different anxiety disorders using a well-validated emotional probe task. Methods: Sixty-five adult volunteers, including 22 healthy controls (HC) and participants meeting DSM-IV criteria for either posttraumatic stress disorder (14 PTSD), panic disorder (14 PD), or specific animal phobia (15 SP), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3 T while passively viewing backward-masked images of faces expressing fear, happy, and neutral emotions. Results: A group comprising all three anxiety disorders showed greater activation within the left amygdala and reduced activation within the vmPFC compared to the HC group during the masked fear versus neutral condition. Pairwise group comparisons showed that amygdala activation only reached significance for the PTSD versus HCs, whereas decreased vmPFC was only evident for SP and PD groups versus the HC group. Furthermore, activation did not differ among the anxiety groups when contrasted directly with one another. A similar pattern was observed for masked happy versus neutral faces. Conclusions: Exclusive of specific diagnostic category, anxiety disorders were generally associated with increased activation of the amygdala and reduced activation within vmPFC. Categorical distinctions were generally weak or not observed and suggest that functional differences may reflect the magnitude of responses within a
Quantum mechanical modeling of advanced sub-10 nm MOSFETs

We have carried out numerical modeling of sub-10 nm double-gate Si MOSFETs with ultra-thin, intrinsic channel connecting n/sup +/-doped source and drain, using the self-consistent solution of the Schrodinger and Poisson equations. Two simple models of transistors with raised electrodes and with thin source and drain extensions are compared. Results show that devices of both types can be scaled to at least 5 nm gate length. However, already below /spl sim/10 nm the exponentially growing sensitivity of transistor parameters (in particular, the gate voltage threshold) to very small variations of device size may become a major challenge for the Moore's law extension beyond this frontier.
A content analysis of healthy living blogs: evidence of content thematically consistent with dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviors.

Objective “Healthy” living blogs are a recent addition to internet media that offer advice on improving physical and mental health. Often, these sites include information on eating, exercise, and self-image. This study was a content analysis designed to evaluate the information included on these sites. Method A sample of 21 blogs was selected from a larger sample for evaluation. These blogs were chosen based on two criteria: they had won an award for healthy blogs and they had a large number of pageviews (pageviews were calculated using a web analytics website). Two raters (kappa reliability = 0.82) rated these blogs on multiple variables related to the blogger's characteristics, the content provided by the blogger, and entries posted on the blog. Results Five of the bloggers self-identified as having had an eating disorder; seven mentioned difficulties with either menstruation or fertility; 11 referenced being on a diet; five indicated that they were using some form of dietary restraint; and 11 included some form of written negative/guilt-inducing message about food. Blog entries and About Me sections contained a variety of content indicative of problematic eating and body image information. Discussion These findings suggest the content of healthy living blogs might be problematic for viewers who have eating or body image issues. The content does not approach the inflammatory nature of pro-eating disorder websites, yet information promoted clearly indicates that future research should further evaluate these sites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:362–367)
Two-dimensional electrophoretic profile of human sperm membrane proteins

The purpose of this study was to characterize highly enriched human spermatozoa membrane proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis and computer image analysis. Sperm membrane proteins were extracted by detergent solubilization from three different preparations: 1) washed semen cells following centrifugation and three wash steps in Ham's F-10 medium (the standard sperm preparation, which is contaminated with seminal immature germ cells, white blood cells, and acellular material), 2) the motile sperm fraction following centrifugation of diluted semen cells through a Percoll density gradient to enrich (> 98%) the viable mature sperm population, and 3) sperm membrane vesicles isolated from Percoll-purified motile mature sperm by nitrogen cavitation followed by differential centrifugation. The two-dimensional gel profiles of extracts of washed semen cells and motile spermatozoa contained more than 600 protein spots between pH 4 and 7 and apparent molecular mass ranging from 7.9 to 93.5 kDa. Only 73% of the major proteins in these two samples matched by computer image analysis. The highly enriched sperm membrane vesicle extract showed a much simpler protein pattern, with only 64 major protein spots, 61 of which could be matched with proteins detected in extracts from purified motile sperm. The isoelectric point and molecular weight coordinates of these major human sperm membrane proteins could serve as a foundation for systematic isolation and further characterization of human sperm antigens for studies of mechanisms of fertilization and the development of contraceptive vaccines.
The Relationship Between Cognate Awareness and English Comprehension Among Spanish-English Bilingual Fourth Grade Students

Second language (L2) learners are, to varying degrees, represented in enrollment percentages in school districts around the world. Immigration trends in the United States, Canada, France, Spain, the Netherlands, and other countries have been on the rise for decades, and educators the world over are pressed to incorporate the linguistic needs of L2 learners with the more general curricular requirements that align with expecta tions of literacy achievement in their respective countries. In recent years, efforts have been afoot to understand processes of literacy development among bilingual learners, particularly in the arena of cross-linguistic transfer, so that instruction might be better tailored to meet the distinct linguistic needs of bilingual children. Although it appears clear that, for alphabetic languages, skills such as phonemic awareness, alphabetic knowledge, and word reading are quite robust in transferring between languages that share a common alphabet (e.g., Spanish and English, Spanish and French, English and Dutch), the extent of transferability for skills such as vocabulary knowledge is far less clear (Proctor, August, Carlo, & Snow, 2006). It is widely accepted that vocabulary knowledge plays an important role in first language (LI) and L2 reading achievement (Anderson & Freebody, 1981; Proctor, Carlo, August, & Snow, 2005), yet research is only just beginning to show that depth of vocabulary knowledge (e.g., morphological awareness) can leverage LI literacy skills in the service of L2 reading comprehension. One component of lexical depth is cognate recognition. A cognate is a word that shares similar orthographic and semantic characteristics in two languages, such that the spelling and meaning of a word and its cognate are highly similar. For example, rapid and rdpido are Spanish-English cog nates, and escuela, ecole, and escola are Spanish-French-Portuguese cog nates. Cognate recognition maybe especially useful for LI-literate students who are reading academic L2 texts, because high frequency conversa tional words in Spanish, such as rdpido, are often low frequency academic
Genome-wide analysis of brain transcriptional changes in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queens exposed to carbon dioxide and physical manipulation.

imb_1072 387..398 Mating is a complex process causing many behavioural and physiological changes, but the factors triggering them and the underlying molecular processes are not well characterized. In the present study we examine the effects of CO2 (a commonly used anaesthetic in instrumental insemination that causes changes similar to those occurring after mating) and physical manipulation (which may mimic certain aspects of copulation) on the behavioural, physiological and brain transcriptional changes in honey bee queens. We show that while CO2 causes cessation of mating flights and ovary activation, physical manipulation has additional effects on ovary activation and brain transcriptional changes. Comparisons with previous studies of honey bees and female Drosophila indicate that common molecular mechanisms may be responsible for regulating reproductive changes across different mating regimes and insect orders.
Nutritional Considerations for Infants and Children During Critical Illness and Surgery

This chapter provides a basic overview of the metabolic response to stress. A considerable amount of knowledge regarding the metabolic response to stress has been obtained by studies in adults. Many factors are involved in the physiological response to stress, thereby impacting nutritional needs throughout this phase of illness. Current interest has propelled studies in pediatrics identifying unique characteristics of this response during critical illness and in several forms of surgery including general, cardiac, and minimally invasive surgery (MIS).
Number and molecular weights of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins and the effects of maleylation.

Abstract Evidence was obtained by gel electrophoresis that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A12 protein migrates mainly in a zone corresponding to polypeptide(s) approximately 25,000 daltons in molecular weight. Additional minor components were observed, four with molecular weights ranging from 10,000 to 22,500 daltons and one with a molecular weight of 37,500 daltons. The minor components comprised about 10% of the total protein and were present in variable amounts. The 75S empty capsids contained primarily 25,000-, 37,500- and 50,000-dalton zones. These molecular weights were estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate versus proteins of known molecular weight, including poliovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus proteins. Maleylation of the amino residues of FMDV protein solubilized it to about 5 to 10 mg/ml in aqueous, nondenaturing solvents. This permitted molecular weights to be estimated also by gel filtration. Maleylation of 70% of the available amino groups of the FMDV protein produced heat and sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable polymeric aggregates of 10 to 20% of the 25,000-dalton zone. It also resulted in an increase in the molecular weight of this zone by an amount equivalent (ca. 1,000) to that expected from the added maleyl residues.
An epidemiological analysis of potential associations between C-reactive protein, inflammation, and prostate cancer in the male US population using the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US males, yet much remains to be learned about the role of inflammation in its etiology. We hypothesized that preexisting exposure to chronic inflammatory conditions caused by infectious agents or inflammatory diseases increase the risk of prostate cancer. Using the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined the relationships between demographic variables, inflammation, infection, circulating plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and the risk of occurrence of prostate cancer in US men over 18 years of age. Using IBM SPSS, we performed bivariate and logistic regression analyses using high CRP values as the dependent variable and five study covariates including prostate cancer status. From 2009 – 2010, an estimated 5,448,373 men reported having prostate cancer of which the majority were Caucasian (70.1%) and were aged 40 years and older (62.7%). Bivariate analyses demonstrated that high CRP was not associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Greater odds of having prostate cancer were revealed for men that had inflammation related to disease (OR = 1.029, CI 1.029-1.029) and those who were not taking drugs to control inflammation (OR = 1.330, CI 1.324-1.336). Men who did not have inflammation resulting from non-infectious diseases had greater odds of not having prostate cancer (OR = 1.031, CI 1.030-1.031). Logistic regression analysis yielded that men with the highest CRP values had greater odds of having higher household incomes and lower odds of having received higher education, being aged 40 years or older, being of a race or ethnicity different from other, and of having prostate cancer. Our results show that chronic inflammation of multiple etiologies is a risk factor for prostate cancer and that CRP is not associated with this increased risk. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex interactions between inflammation and prostate cancer.
Computational identification of functional network modules associated with the pathogenicity of Fusarium verticillioides

Biological functions are executed through elaborate collaboration of various biomolecules, and there has been increasing interest in the computational identification of functional modules from large-scale experimental data. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of two distinct Fusarium verticillioides RNA-Seq datasets, where one set was obtained from wild-type F. verticillioides and the other set from a loss-of-virulence mutant. For a systematic analysis of the infection transcriptome, we first predicted the co-expression network of the fungus. Subsequently, we identified functional subnetwork modules in the co-expression network consisting of interaction genes that display strongly coordinated behavior in the respective datasets. A probabilistic pathway activity inference method was adopted to identify modules likely to be involved in the pathogenicity of F. verticillioides, and a computationally efficient branch-out technique was used to search for potential subnetwork modules. Our results revealed four potential subnetwork modules, where the modules contained several enriched GO terms as well as potential pathogenic genes that are orthologous to known pathogenic genes in other fungi.
Rapid IC-ICP/MS Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Iodoacetic Acids, Bromoacetic Acids, Bromate, and Other Related Halogenated Compounds in Water

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) and bromate are toxic water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has regulated in drinking water. Iodoacetic acids (IAAs) are the emerging DBPs that have been recently found in disinfected drinking waters with higher toxicity than their corresponding chloro- and bromo-acetic acids. This study has developed a new rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of six brominated and four iodinated acetic acids, bromate, iodate, bromide, and iodide using ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). Mono-, di- and tri-chloroacetic acids are not detected by this method because the sensitivity of ICP-MS analysis for chlorine is poor. Following IC separation, an Elan DRC-e ICP-MS was used for detection, with quantitation utilizing m/z of 79, 127, and 74 amu for Br, I, and Ge (optional internal standard) species, respectively. Although the primary method used was an external standard procedure, an internal standard method approach is discussed herein as well. Calibration and validation were done in a variety of natural and disinfection-treated water samples. The method detection limits (MDLs) in natural water ranged from 0.33 to 0.72 microg L(-1) for iodine species, and from 1.36 to 3.28 microg L(-1) for bromine species. Spiked recoveries were between 67% and 123%, while relative standard deviations ranged from 0.2% to 12.8% for replicate samples. This method was applied to detect the bromine and iodine species in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, and swimming pool water.
Alternative Models of the Outcome Questionnaire-45

The Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ) reliably quantifies level of psychological functioning and change during treatment. The three subscales, however, are not well validated. Could alternative scales, based on personality dimensions or other groupings of psychological problems better explain patterns of response? In Study 1, the intended structure and four alternative models were compared using EFA and CFA in random thirds of a community clinic intake sample (N = 1,822). Oblique and bi-level models were compared. Preferred models were tested for stability in samples from later time points. In Study 2, the models were compared in a nonclinical sample (N = 589). Most bi-level models provided adequate fit per standards previously established for the Outcome Questionnaire-45. A seven-factor model of psychological problems provided better fit than any yet reported for this inventory.
Pricing under information asymmetry for a large population of users

In this paper, we study optimal nonlinear pricing policy design for a monopolistic network service provider in the face of a large population of users. We assume that users have stochastic types. In [1], games with information symmetry have been considered; that is, users' true types may be public information available to all parties, or each user's true type may be private information known only to that user. In this paper, we study the intermediate case with information asymmetry; that is, users' true types are shared information among users, but are not disclosed to the service provider. The problem can be formulated as an incentive-design problem, and an e-team optimal incentive (pricing) policy is obtained, which almost achieves Pareto optimality for the service provider. A comparative study between games with information symmetry and asymmetry are conducted as well to evaluate the service provider's game preferences.