cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A factor analytic investigation of the Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale, short form

Executive functioning is a multidimensional construct measured in various ways. Despite the widespread utilization of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale, Short Form (BDEFS-SF), factor analytic work on the measure is scarce, and limited work has investigated its latent factor structure in a sample of English-speaking, American adults. The present study sought to address this gap in the literature by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). Four-hundred thirty-four (434) individuals (M age = 37.9) participated online via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk as part of a larger cross-sectional, survey-based study and completed the BDEFS-SF. The sample was randomly split to conduct EFAs and CFAs. Results from EFAs revealed that structures with one (executive dysfunction), two (behavioral/emotional and cognitive), and five (self-motivation, self-restraint, self-management to time, self-organization/problem solving, and self-regulation of emotion) factors accounted for 60.5%, 67.4%, and 81.0% of the variance, respectively, with each providing logical patterns of factor loadings. CFAs revealed that each factor structure demonstrated good-to-excellent fit (goodness of fit indices ranged from .99 to 1.00). However, statistical comparison of the models via χ2-difference tests revealed that the five-factor model described by the BDEFS-SF’s author provided statistically significantly improved fit (ps < .001) over both the one- and two-factor models identified via EFAs. It is likely that the BDEFS-SF broadly mirrors the five-factor dimensionality described by its author and seen in its longer, parent scale, although continued study is needed to further verify and/or challenge this conclusion. Limitations of the present paper and directions of future inquir are discussed.
VI – Triangle Relations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the derivation of the formulas of hyperbolic geometry, which express the numerical relations among the sides and angles of a triangle. Each of these formulas is analogous to some familiar Euclidean formula. Corresponding to the right triangle formulas a2 + b2 = c2 and sin A = a/c. The chapter discusses properties of associated right triangles. It presents the theorem that states that the sine of an acute angle in a right triangle is equal to the hyperbolic sine of the opposite side divided by the hyperbolic sine of the hypotenuse. The hyperbolic cosine of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the product of the hyperbolic cosines of the other sides. The measures of very small figures in hyperbolic geometry fit the formulas of Euclidean geometry very closely and any desired precision of it can be obtained by taking the figures sufficiently small. Euclidean geometry applies very well to the physical world of experience and is, therefore, extensively used in science, engineering, and many other fields dealing with geometrical concepts.
Security Challenges of Formulating, Implementing, and Enforcing Parental/Youth Escort Policies in Shopping Malls

This paper draws on data and evidence from a premises security lawsuit to illustrate the security challenges of formulating, implementing, and enforcing parental/youth escort policies in shopping m...
User-testing of a decision-support tool for parents facing threatened periviable delivery: The Periviable GOALS decision aid.

Abstract Background To report user-centered design methods and stakeholder acceptability ratings of the Periviable GOALS (Getting Optimal Alignment around Life Support) decision aid (DA). Methods ‘Experienced’ and ‘expectant’ mothers engaged in content and design refining sessions. Five videos (10 families) were embedded in the DA to highlight life after delivery. User-testing sessions were conducted with mothers and providers to assess acceptability. End-user testing was conducted with hospitalized women facing potential periviable delivery to assess acceptability and feasibility in the clinical setting. Results 108 participants engaged in sessions from July 2017-January 2020. Twenty-seven refining sessions resulted in a DA providing survival estimates, neonatal outcomes descriptions, and values clarification exercises. Five white and five black women participated in the videos; six having surviving children (ages 16 months-4 years). Twelve mothers, 16 providers, and six hospitalized women evaluated acceptability. 95.1 % found the content “just right,” 94.9 % rated the videos “good” or “excellent,” and 97.2 % believed GOALS would support families in periviable decision-making. Conclusion Our results highlight the importance of developing a DA that is acceptable for patient use with direct involvement of stakeholders. Practice Implications The GOALS DA may prepare families to engage in shared decision-making to facilitate more patient-centered models of periviable care.
Framing sympathy-worthiness: informal support and the use of disclosure myths

Research on sexual violence has shown that social support sources can have both positive and negative outcomes for victims' health. Yet few studies examine how informal supporters construct meaning from initial disclosure experiences to produce these outcomes. Using a social constructionist framework, I analyze 30 in-depth interviews with friends, family members, and partners who received disclosures of sexual violence. I examine how confidants construct meaning from initial disclosures to negotiate and construct victims' "sympathy-worthiness". Disclosure recipients express several facilitators and obstacles to constructing victims as sympathetic that draw on notions about their social proximity to victims, expectations of assault based on gender and sexuality, disclosure temporality, trauma visibility, and victims' post-disclosure "recovery-work." I argue these positionings contribute to, and draw upon, "disclosure myths" that frame confidants' differential interpretations of victims' narratives, resulting in both the provision and denial of support.
Confirming Proper Button Deployment of Suspensory Fixation During ACL Reconstruction

Background:Suspensory fixation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) grafts has emerged as a popular device for femoral graft fixation. However, improper deployment of the suspe...
A Tubing-Free Sample-to-Droplet Interface Enables Facile Sample Loading of Droplet Microfluidics Device Toward High-Throughput Screening

Droplet microfluidics offers great potential toward high-throughput screening but is generally limited by the current tubing-based sample-to-droplet interface that induces large sample wastage, low scalability, and lengthy sample switching idle time. In response, we have developed a universal tubing-free sample-to-droplet interface within a nanodroplet microfluidic device that shows low sample wastage, high scalability, and minimal idle time. The dual interfaces in our device reduce the sample switching downtime via parallelized operation. Cross contamination was minimized with our high washing efficiency protocol. For demonstration, we used our dual sample-to-droplet interfaces and processed 44 FAM dye samples with scrambled orders.
Enhanced malachite green photolysis at the colloidal-aqueous interface.

Abstract Colloids, such as natural particulate matter and microplastics, can play a significant role in the fate and transport of organic contaminants. Specifically, these small nano-to micron-sized particles provide large surface area; thus, particle-aqueous interfacial chemistry becomes significant. In this work, we present an experimental investigation of interfacial photokinetics of malachite green cation ( MG + ) adsorbed at the surface of polystyrene carboxyl (PSC) microspheres suspended in aqueous solution. Second harmonic generation (SHG), an interfacial selective laser spectroscopic tool, has been used to probe the buried interface. It is revealed that relative to the bulk, photoinduced degradation of MG + is accelerated by approximately 10-fold at this noncatalytic particle surface. By measuring the SHG-based surface electronic spectra, we have also demonstrated that N-demethylated intermediates of MG + remain at the interface until they are further decomposed. MG + exhibits a bathochromic shift at the interface. Together with strong binding affinity and faster initial rate of photodegradation of MG + at the interface, this work highlights that adsorption and surface photolysis are important pathways by which organic compounds can be transformed within the aquatic environment. Moreover, this research also stimulates further questions on the enrichment of reactive species at the colloidal-aqueous interface and their influence on facilitating decompositions of organic pollutants.
Discrete-Pulse Voltage Control of an Asynchronous Generator

The paper proposes a discrete-pulse method and its circuit implementation of voltage control of an asynchronous generator, which provides a high speed of the voltage stabilization system without modulation in steady-state modes. The paper presents the results of modeling transient processes for a saturated and unsaturated asynchronous machine with the proposed discrete-pulse control law when turning on and off 75% of a static active-inductive load.
Ancient Inborn Facial Clefts and NonodontogeniC Fissural Cysts

Unusual, apparently congenital facial fusion defects in six ancient skulls from the Upper Missouri River Basin and southeastern United States are presented and dis cussed. The similarity between nonodontogenic fissural defects and overt and occult lip and palate clefting is ex plored. Some specimens in other collections now labeled "dental abscess" or "dental tumor" may represent these anomalies. Because of the similarity in embryology and anatomy, nonodontogenic fissural cysts must be con sidered as an abortive form of facial clefting. By deter mining the frequency with which these occult anomalies occur, it may be possible to estimate the frequency of overt facial clefting in the past, despite the fact that skeletons with overt facial clefting are found only infrequently.
Reducing large diagonals in kernel matrices through semidefinite programming

Classification problems in bioinformatics solved by Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning algorithms may result in kernel matrices with very large diagonal elements. This structural characteristic of the kernel matrix leads to overfitting. A method for reducing large diagonals based on the use of Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) is proposed. The kernel matrix generated by SDP is guaranteed to be positive semidefinite. The preliminary experimental performance of the new kernel is encouraging.
Month-long simulations of gravity waves over North America and North Atlantic in comparison with satellite observations

Mesoscale simulations of gravity waves in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over North America and North Atlantic Ocean in January 2003 are compared with satellite radiance measurements from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Four regions of strong gravity wave (GW) activities are found in the model simulations and the AMSU-A observations: the northwestern Atlantic, the U.S. Rockies, the Appalachians, and Greenland. GWs over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean are associated with the midlatitude baroclinic jet-front system, while the other three regions are apparently related to high topography. Model simulations are further used to analyze momentum fluxes in the zonal and meridional directions. It is found that strong westward momentum fluxes are prevalent over these regions over the whole period. Despite qualitative agreement between model simulations and satellite measurements, sensitivity experiments demonstrate that the simulated GWs are sensitive to the model spin-up time.
The Design and Development of a Large Scale, Multiphase Flow Loop for the Study of Corrosion in Sour Gas Environments

A state-of-the-art laboratory flow loop has been researched, designed, and developed to study the corrosive effects of sour gas in multiphase flow. This unique system is housed in an environmentally isolated, explosion-proof area providing a safe location where an operator can study the effects of a single parametric change on corrosion. This report describes the fluid pumping system, the flow monitoring system, the corrosion monitoring methods, and safety systems associated with the new experimental loop. Initial baseline testing of the entire system consisted of slug flow and full-pipe flow regimes in seawater and the resulting effect on corrosion rates under partial pressures of CO2. keywords: system design, sour system, slightly sour, multiphase flow, safety systems, CO2 corrosion.
President Obama and the Influence of Anti-Muslim Sentiments in the 2010 Midterm Elections

Despite the visibility of Islamic issues after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, attitudes about Muslims did not affect Americans’ partisan evaluations before the 2008 election. There are two main reasons, however, to suspect that anti-Muslim sentiments significantly influenced Americans’ midterm preferences in 2010 after being unrelated to their vote choices in both the 2004 and 2006 congressional elections. First, Republican efforts to cultivate the Ground Zero Mosque Controversy as a campaign issue in the summer and fall of 2010 may have activated such Islamaphobic sentiments. Second, the unusually large effects of anti-Muslim predispositions on opposition to Obama documented in earlier research may have spilled over into voting behavior. After showing that attitudes about Muslims were significantly associated with 2010 vote preferences, I present the following evidence in support of that spillover hypothesis: (1) Attitudes about Muslims were implicated in 2010 vote intentions before the Ground Zero Mosque dominated the headlines; (2) mass evaluations of President Obama almost completely mediated the significant effects of attitudes about Muslims in four different 2010 surveys; and (3) experimentally connecting president Obama to candidates for congress significantly enhanced the relationship between anti-Muslim sentiments and midterm vote preferences.
Management of Recurrent Ischemic Priapism 2014: A Complex Condition with Devastating Consequences

Abstract Introduction The management of recurrent ischemic priapism (RIP) is not clearly defined. Given the rarity of this condition, most treatment options are supported at best by level 3 or 4 evidence. Aim In this article, we review the current literature regarding the pathophysiology and management of RIP and discuss the risks and benefits associated with each option, which includes ketoconazole (KTZ), 5‐α‐reductase inhibitors and other hormonal therapies, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, intracavernosal sympathomimetic injection, oral sympathomimetic agents, and other investigational therapies. Methods A comprehensive literature review was performed regarding the management options for RIP. Main Outcome Measure To examine the pathophysiology of RIP and evaluate the treatment options. Results Multiple agents have been investigated to manage RIP. KTZ, finasteride, anti‐androgens, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists, and estrogen have been shown to be effective in several reports, though some of these agents may have significant hormonal side effects. PDE5 inhibitors currently appear to be well tolerated in this patient population, though evidence of its efficacy is limited. Intracavernosal α‐agonist therapy may be used to treat episodes of priapism after they occur. Very limited data suggest terbutaline, oral α‐agonists, digoxin, hydroxyurea, and gabapentin may have a role in RIP management. Conclusions An ideal management strategy for RIP should focus on prevention of priapic episodes using an effective, well‐tolerated, cost‐effective medication. We currently have several proposed options, with varying efficacy rates and side effect profiles. While significant advancements in our understanding and management of stuttering priapism have been made within the past few years, clearly continuing research and clinical studies are needed to guide our management of this disease process. Hoeh MP and Levine LA. Management of recurrent ischemic priapism 2014: A complex condition with devastating consequences. Sex Med Rev 2015;3:24–35.
Structural Properties and Features of Parasitic Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

The structure of five parasitic strains of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was studied by electron microscope after negative staining and in shadow-case and etched freeze-fractured preparations. Special attention was paid to the cell wall and the flagellar sheath which is continuous with the wall or part of it. These structural components reveal distinct features which are induced by certain staining substances; they are exceedingly susceptible to disruption by physical treatments, and in old cells often appear impaired. In freeze-fractured cells the wall shows characteristic fracturing tendencies not known in other microorganisms. These structural properties and features are distinct to Bdellovibrio wall and flagellar sheath, the structural integrity of which is a fundamental requirement for the infectivity and survival of this organism. The anterior end of Bdellovibrio is differentiated: 6 to 12 ring-like structures (9 to 12 nm, outer diameter) are built into its wall and several fibers (7 to 10 nm wide, up to 1.5 μm long) emerge from it. Intracellular structures, which are revealed as compact oval bodies bulging from the cell border and have internal laminated organization, are characteristic of Bdellovibrio after negative staining with certain compounds. These findings on the structure of parasitic Bdellovibrio substantiate previous observations indicating the uniqueness of this organism and add criteria for the identification of this genus. Images
Quantum computing: In the 'death zone'?

An event advertised as the first demonstration of a commercial quantum computer raises the question of how far one can go with a 'do not care' attitude towards imperfections, without losing the quantum advantage.
The mineral content of tap water in United States households

Abstract The composition of tap water contributes to dietary intake of minerals. The Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) conducted a study of the mineral content of residential tap water, to generate current data for the USDA National Nutrient Database. Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc content of drinking water were determined in a nationally representative sampling. The statistically designed sampling method identified 144 locations for water collection in winter and spring from home taps. Assuming a daily consumption of 1 L of tap water, only four minerals (Cu, Ca, Mg, and Na), on average, provided more than 1% of the US dietary reference intake. Significant decreases in calcium were observed with chemical water softeners, and between seasonal pickups for Mg and Ca. The variance of sodium was significantly different among regions (p
A US Food and Drug Administration Perspective on Cardiac Resynchronization and Ventricular Assist Device Trials

Cardiac resynchronization therapy and ventricular assist devices are two of the many US Food and Drug Administration-regulated medical device technologies that are intended for patients with heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy devices have been shown to significantly improve the quality and potentially the duration of life for patients with moderate-to-severe congestive heart failure and electrical dyssynchrony. Likewise, ventricular assist devices have benefited patients with end-stage heart failure through both bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy. The pivotal trials that supported the first approvals for these devices, as well as subsequent trials, were shaped by unique technologic and patient-related concerns. The US Food and Drug Administration has worked to understand these evolving concerns and the role each should play in the design of trials intended to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of these critical devices.
Facets and measures of gene ontology annotation quality in model organism databases

Model organism databases are important repositories of data and information for biomedical research, but are useful to scientists only if the information they contain meets certain levels of quality. This methodology paper describes six facets of information quality applicable to Gene Ontology (GO) annotations in model organism databases, and defines corresponding metrics to be used in measuring the quality of annotations made by one or more human database curators. The defined facets and measures of annotation quality are: consistency, reliability, specificity, completeness, accuracy, and validity. Contextual factors, and factors affecting internal and external validity, are also discussed.
Analysis of Food Stamp Participation Using Qualitative Choice Models

Food stamp program participation at the household level was analyzed using a nationwide sample of households as well as refined measures of residential location, source of income, and household age distribution. Additionally, an empirical comparison of probit analysis vis-a-vis logit analysis was provided. The criteria for the comparison consisted of the use of estimated parameter values, signs, magnitudes, and test statistics, goodness-of-fit to sample data, predictive ability to independent data samples, and non-nested testing procedures. On the basis of this application, the two alternatives appeared to perform equally well.
A characterization of the information content of a classification

We present a simple characterization of the information content of collections of sets. The characterization is based on families of measures that satisfy two natural conditions. We discuss briefly applications to document retrieval systems.
Exact solutions of unsteady two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations

This paper studies the two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow in which the local vorticity is proportional to the stream function perturbed by a uniform stream. It was known by Taylor and Kovasznay that the Navier-Stokes equations for flow of this kind become linear. From the general solution to the linear equations for steady flow, we show that there exist only two types of steady flow of this kind: Kovasznay downstream flow of a two-dimensional grid and Lin and Tobak reversed flow about a flat plate with suction. In the unsteady flow case, new classes of exact analytical solutions are found which include Taylor vortex array solution as a special case. It is shown that these unsteady flows are, as viewed from a frame of reference moving with the undisturbed uniform stream, pseudo-steady in the sense that the flow pattern is steady but the magnitude of motion decays, or grows, exponentially in time. All these solutions are valid for any Reynolds number.
Universal stationary-phase treatment of far-wing and excimer spectral line shapes

When two atoms are in proximity, their resonance lines are broadened because of the formation of molecular potentials, between which photon transitions can occur. The level of experimental refinement in measuring excimer and collisional far-wing spectra calls for interpretive theoretical methods that accurately treat the observed structure in line shapes. Of particular interest are satellites and undulations, for they can give much information on intermolecular potentials. We derive an expression for $T$-matrix elements, based on JWKB wave functions and stationary-phase techniques, that is universally applicable to situations with one, two, or more Condon points. Each transition point is treated individually, with effects of potential shape, wave-function phases, and interference separately highlighted. The expression is tested against quantum-mechanical line shapes of the red and blue wings of the Rb $D$ lines broadened by Xe perturbers. Agreement is quite good for both the red-wing undulations and the blue-wing satellite-supernumerary structure.
Bacterial Signaling Ecology and Potential Applications During Aquatic Biofilm Construction

In their natural environment, bacteria and other microorganisms typically grow as surface-adherent biofilm communities. Cell signal processes, including quorum signaling, are now recognized as being intimately involved in the development and function of biofilms. In contrast to their planktonic (unattached) counterparts, bacteria within biofilms are notoriously resistant to many traditional antimicrobial agents and so represent a major challenge in industry and medicine. Although biofilms impact many human activities, they actually represent an ancient mode of bacterial growth as shown in the fossil record. Consequently, many aquatic organisms have evolved strategies involving signal manipulation to control or co-exist with biofilms. Here, we review the chemical ecology of biofilms and propose mechanisms whereby signal manipulation can be used to promote or control biofilms.
A 3-D airway epithelial cell and macrophage co-culture system to study Rhodococcus equi infection

Abstract We developed a 3-D equine bronchial epithelial cell (BEC) culture that fully differentiates into ciliary beating and mucus producing cells. Using this system, we evaluated how mucus affects the phagocytic activity of macrophages. Adult horse monocyte-derived macrophages were incubated with Rhodococcus equi for 4 h either in the mucus layer of in vitro generated airway epithelium or on collagen coated membranes. Using light and electron microscopy, we noted that the number of macrophages with intracellular bacteria, and the number of intracellular bacteria per macrophage were lower in the presence of mucus. TNFα measurements revealed that the presence of BECs promoted TNFα production by R. equi -infected macrophages; a decrease in TLR-2 (involved in R. equi recognition) and an increase in EGF-R (involved in mucin production) mRNA expression were also noted. Interestingly, when foal macrophages were added to foal BECs, we made the opposite observation, i.e. many macrophages were loaded with R. equi . Our in vitro bronchial system shows great potential for the identification of mechanisms how BECs and mucus play a role in phagocyte activation and bacterial clearance. Further studies using this system will show whether the airway environment in the foal responds differently to R. equi infection.
Reversing DNA damage with a directional bias.

Structures of the human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase bound to substrate together with biochemical analysis provide clues to substrate acquisition and recognition, as well as details of the methyl transfer reaction catalyzed by this direct DNA repair protein.
Playing with a Bad Deck: The Caveats of Card Sorting as a Web Site Redesign Tool

Card sorting is a simple, low-tech usability assessment tool that can help Web designers restructure Web site navigation to better reflect user preferences. After employing card sorting in its Web redesign process, the Galter Health Sciences Library had great difficulty analyzing and understanding the results. Many methodological mistakes could have been avoided if certain caveats were observed throughout the process. These caveats are presented in detail, ensuring that other librarians and Web designers wishing to employ card sorting will be able to use the tool to its maximum efficacy.
Organic influences on inorganic patterns of diffusion-controlled precipitation in gels

Abstract The well-known AgNO 3 /K 2 CrO 4 reaction–diffusion system produces periodic bands of silver chromate precipitate in gelatin, but only randomly oriented crystals in agarose gel. We show that comparable bands can be produced in agarose gel by adding small amounts of simple organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, N -acetyl glycine, and N -acetyl alanine) that suppress crystal growth and promote formation of rounded particles of precipitate. These results indicate that α-carboxyl groups of amino acids or short peptides in gelatin under mildly acidic conditions can induce periodic band patterns in diffusion-controlled silver chromate precipitates.
The surface composition of the vrMn2T0.8 systems (T Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) as determined by Auger electron spectroscopy

The surfaces of the hydrogen-absorbing intermetallic systems vrMn2T0.8 (T  Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) were evamined by Auger electron spectroscopy. Comparison of the surface features of the members of the series reveals two trends. The first involved the TMn surface concentration ratios which varied in the order FeMn >CoMn >NiMn. The second trend pertained to the thickness of the disturbed ovide layer; this varied in the order Mn >Fe >Co >Ni, where these four elements represent T in the formula vrMn2T0.8. It was found that manganese strongly segregates to the surface for all systems studied. These results are generally similar to those obtained recently for the stoichiometric Laves phase systems ErT2 and HoT2 (T  Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). Manganese enrichment at the surface appears to be responsible for the rapid hydrogenation kinetics evhibited by the vrMn2T0.8 alloys.
Ectopic action potential generation in peripheral trigeminal axons.

Abstract Spontaneous and evoked (orthodromic and antidromic) activities of 115 trigeminal ganglion neurons were studied. Three percent of cells stimulated at low frequency (less than 10 Hz) and 96% of cells stimulated at high frequencies (10 to 100 Hz) demonstrated ectopic action potentials (regardless of whether stimuli were anti- or orthodromic). However, this phenomenon was maximal in response to moderate-frequency stimuli (20 to 30 Hz) following periods of high-frequency stimulation. Collision experiments demonstrated that these extra spikes arose from the neurons' peripheral axons, and persisted after transection of the retrogasserian root. Both conditioning antidromic action potentials and subthreshold orthodromic stimuli were found to increase greatly the incidence of extra spikes produced by low-frequency orthodromic and antidromic stimuli, respectively. Repetitive firing was abolished by cooling of the neurons' receptive fields. This repetitive firing appears to be generated from the peripheral axon, possibly its terminal myelinated segment. The theoretical basis of this phenomenon has implications for the mechanism of trigeminal neuralgia.
Glycoprotein micelles isolated from vesicular stomatitis virus spontaneously partition into sonicated phosphatidylcholine vesicles.

Abstract Micelles formed by glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus, isolated by octylglucoside extraction and purified free of detergent and phospholipid, spontaneously partitioned into preformed sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles when the glycoprotein rosettes and vesicles were incubated together in 10 m M Tris (pH 7.5) at 37°. The hydrophobic tail fragment of the glycoprotein became resistant to protease digestion when the glycoprotein was inserted into the vesicle bilayer. When the covalently attached fatty acid of the glycoprotein was labeled in vivo with [3H]lpalmitate, it was demonstrated that the fatty acid was attached to the hydrophobic glycoprotein tail fragment in vesicle and virion membranes.
An automated tester for evaluation of pacemaker battery performance and reliability.

Abstract Four- and 5-year-old rechargeable batteries continue to function normally after real time, high-drain, animal implantation pacemaker and body temperature bench tests. An automated battery test system with four major functions: (a) biological environmental simulation, (b) battery discharge-recharge cycling, (c) data collection and recording, and (d) failure warning and diagnosis has been designed and built. Accelerated tests on over 100 rechargeable batteries have consistently simulated over 16 years of pacemaking. Hermetically sealed, rechargeable pacemakers that will run for 3 1 2 years without recharging are now undergoing chronic animal implantation. Units for clinical testing are under construction.
Electrical stimulation of denervated muscles reduces incorporation of methionine into the ACh receptor.

ONCE a neuromuscular synapse has formed, the density of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in the subsynaptic muscle membrane remains relatively constant, even after denervation of the muscle1. In contrast, the density of ACh receptors in the extrajunctional muscle membrane can vary widely. Extrajunctional receptors are present at high density in developing muscle, but are reduced to low levels during maturation of muscle fibres2. Their number is increased after denervation in the adult3,4, and is again decreased on subsequent re-innervation of the muscle5. Several experiments have demonstrated that the amount and pattern of muscle activity strongly influence the density of extrajunctional ACh receptors (for review, see ref. 6), although other factors may be important as well6–9. Because extrajunctional receptors undergo continual turnover in the membrane10–12, the effect of changes in activity on their density could result from alteration in rates of receptor synthesis or degradation. Recent experiments have shown that the reduction of receptor levels caused by stimulation in organ culture is accompanied by a decrease in the rate of receptor degradation13. These results imply that activity decreases the rate of receptor synthesis or its insertion into the membrane. In direct support of this idea, we report that electrical stimulation of denervated muscle reduces incorporation of 35S-methionine into ACh receptors.
Particulate carbon and other components of soot and carbon black

Abstract Soot is an unwanted by-product of combustion or pyrolysis of organic compounds. At least four morphologically distinct forms of particulate carbon can be recognized in various types of soot: 1. (1) aciniform carbon (AC), composed of spheroidal carbon particles fused together in aggregates of colloidal dimensions 2. (2) carbonaceous microgel (CM), in which spheroidal carbon particles are embedded in carbon or carbonaceous material 3. (3) carbon cenospheres 4. (4) coke and char fragments. We have examined 18 soots from various sources. Domestic chimney soots have very little AC but consist mainly of char fragments, CM, ash, and soluble organic fraction (SOF); whereas diesel soots consist mainly of AC and SOF. Carbon black is a manufactured product consisting almost entirely of AC. Carbon blacks can be distinguished from many soots by their morphology, and from all soots investigated in the present study by their purity. Thus, carbon blacks have less than 0.3% SOF removable by toluene, and less than 1% ash, whereas soots exceed at least one of these limits by several fold. Because of differences in origin, function, and composition, common nomenclature carbon black with soot is inappropriate.
Modeling the sweetness response using time–intensity data

Abstract A general mathematical model for the temporal intensity response to a transient sweet stimulus was developed. The model is a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, expressing the rates of diffusion across a saliva boundary layer and adsorption and desorption to receptor site proteins on the taste bud cells. In this model, the perceived intensity is considered to be the product of a scaling factor and the amount of stimulus bound to receptor sites at any given time. A parameter estimation routine was used to fit the differential equations to the time–intensity (TI) curves for five equisweet stimuli (sucrose, aspartame, thaumatin, monellin, and brazzein). Model parameters were computed for each of 19 trained judges. The predicted TI curves were close to the observed time-intensity responses for all judges and sweeteners. TI parameters varied significantly across both judges and compounds, while model predicted parameters, such as adsorption and desorption coefficients, varied significantly only across compounds. Except for one model parameter (predicted plateau time), there were no significant differences across judges for the model-predicted parameters, indicating that all judges responded similarly to each compound.
Surgical Therapy of Liver Metastases

The liver is the most common site of metastatic disease from both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal malignancies. Historically, only a minority of patients with colorectal liver metastases were candidates for resection. However, over the past several decades, liver resection has evolved as a safe and potentially curative treatment for hepatic colorectal metastases. The development of active chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies, together with newer modalities like radiofrequency ablation, have expanded the indications for hepatic resection and improved survival. Selected patients with isolated liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors, germ cell cancers, ocular melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and breast cancer also may be considered for hepatic surgery.
Choice of Luscher's color violet in a psychiatric sample.

The Luscher Color Test (Luscher & Scott, 1969) presents eight color patches for a client to twice arrange in order of preference, the order suggesting personality traits. One of the color/personality relationships suggested by Luscher 1s that emotionally disturbed clients may prefer the color violet. Specifically, Luscher (Luscher & Scott, 1969) stated, "The mentally mature will normally prefer one of the basic colors; the mentally and emotionally immature on the other hand, may prefer violet" (p. 66 ) . The present article offers data on the relationship between emotional disturbance and the choice of violet as the preferred color. The Luscher Color Test was completed by 425 male and 718 female patients of an out-patient psychiatric clinic as part of their admission. Color preference was determined by noting the first color choice from the second administration which Luscher considers most accurate. Specific diagnoses were not available. Fewer than 10% of the clients had been hospitalized. The male patients ranged in age from 7 yr. to 88 yr. of age (M = 38.36 yr., SD = 17.58). Of the 425 first choices, violet was chosen 47 times as the preferred color, which was only one time more than the color green. Over-all, this places the color violet fourth in rank. The female patients ranged in age from 10 yr. to 93 yr. of age (M = 38.41 yr., SD = 16.11). Of the women's 718 first choices, 101 chose violet as the preferred color. As was true of the men, the over-all rank for violet, in terms of preference, was fourth. If these data are broken down by age, they are no more encouraging for the violet/ personality relationship than the previous data. Boys 19 yr. and under ( N = 54) chose violet only eight times (with a ranking of fourth place). Men 20 to 39 yr. of age ( N = 204) chose violet 21 times (equal to green, with a tie for fourth/fifth rank). Males 40-59 yr. ( N = 110) chose violet 8 rimes, a rank of fifth or sixth (tied with brown). Men 60 yr. and older ( N = 57) chose violet 10 times, a tie with red for a rank of second or third. Girls 19 yr. and under ( N = 77) chose the color violet as the first choice 14 times ( a rank of third place). Women 2@ to 39 yr. ( N = 341) ranked violet fourth, choosing 50 times. Women 40 to 59 yr. ( N = 216) chose violet 25 times, a rank of fourth over-all. Women 60 yr. and older ( N = 84) also ranked violet fourth place over-all, with 12 patients preferring it as their first choice. These data clearly indicate that people with emotional problems have no unusual preference for the color violet. The fact that all subjects in this study were psychiatric patients attests to this. Luscher's suggestion of a preference for violet correlating with mental or emotional immaturity has not been supported in this study.
Combustion of coke deposits in a catalyst pellet

Abstract A model of catalyst pellet regeneration is presented that accounts for the separate combustion reactions of the hydrogen and the carbon in the coke. The complete structure of the burn-off time with respect to several system parameters is given. It is shown that there are values of initial coke weight fraction and pellet size that give minimum burn-off time. The model indicates that the combustion of the deposited coke is limited by diffusion at higher temperatures than previously thought, and it predicts relatively high temperature differences between the solid particles and the fluid phase at low levels of conversion for some range of the model parameters.
Cortical cell plasma membrane alterations after in vitro alcohol exposure: Prevention by GM1 ganglioside

Using choleratoxin/antitoxin immunohistochemistry, this study examined the effects of in vitro alcohol exposure on the morphology of cell plasma membranes in mixed fetal rat cortical cultures, and assessed the neuroprotective effects of exogenous monosialoganglioside (GM1). Gangliosides are involved in critical biological functions, including maintenance of membrane integrity. Plasma membranes are directly affected by alcohol exposure through multiple mechanisms. Results indicate that exposure to alcohol altered plasma membrane morphology as assessed by staining for the surface distribution of membrane GM1. Pretreatment with endogenous GM1 ameliorated the alcohol-induced alterations.
Surgical Management of Right Ventricular Dysfunction Late After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot: Right Ventricular Remodeling Surgery

With the increasing number of late survivors of repair of tetralogy of Fallot, surgical management of patients with right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and limited exercise capacity has become a more frequent problem. The wide variability in clinical status, extent of RV dilatation, and dysfunction at the time of presentation for surgical intervention has resulted in disparate surgical results after pulmonary valve insertion. With increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative measures of RV volumes, function, and pulmonary regurgitant fraction have enabled a more systematic analysis of results. While there is a group of patients that responds favorably to pulmonary valve insertion, there is also a large subgroup that does not; this requires further analysis of the mechanisms responsible. We have developed a surgical approach to this latter group of patients, which incorporates the concepts of ventricular remodeling or restoration developed for the left ventricle following myocardial infarction. Preliminary results indicate that this procedure is equally safe to pulmonary valve insertion alone, and may result in improved RV function.
The Effect of Alpha2Macroglobulin-Proteinase Complexes on Macrophage IA Expression in Vivo

Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (α2LM) is a major plasma proteinase inhibitor. It can also regulate the function of cells of the immune system, including macrophage expression of la antigens in tissue culture systems. The present work was done to assess the effect of α2M-trypsin complexes (α2M-t) on macrophage la expression in vivo. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-infected mice were injected intraperitoneally with 100nM α2M-t, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS. The peritoneal cells were harvested by lavage from 3 to 6 days after injection. Differential cell counts were performed, and macrophage la antigen expression determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Injection of either α2M-t or BSA solutions tended to increase the number of total cells and lymphocytes harvested, without changing the number of macrophages harvested. α2M-t injection reduced the proportion of macrophages which were la positive from 60 to 37% on day 3 after injection, and to 20% la positive on day 6. The reduction ...
Pyoderma gangrenosum after cardiac surgery masquerading as a fulminant sternal wound infection.

INTRODUCTION Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, ulcerative inflammatory skin pathology frequently associated with systemic inflammatory disease. While rare after surgery, recognition of this disease in the post-surgical setting is important as it can mimic wound infection. There have been ten case reports to date of PG occurring immediately after cardiac surgery, with all of them presenting within the first week post-operatively.
Using a Desk-Compatible Recumbent Bike in an Office Workstation

Prolonged seated posture in a sedentary office workstation is one of the major reasons that is causing the rising trend in obesity. To promote exercise in the office, this study investigates in usi...
Eddy statistics from Lagrangian drifters and hydrography for the northern Gulf of Mexico slope

[1] Cyclones and anticyclones on the northern Gulf of Mexico slope have been statistically characterized using upper layer drifter orbits and repeated hydrographic surveys. A total of 243 slope eddy drifter orbits (151 cyclones and 92 anticyclones) were analyzed in terms of size (mean radius and eccentricity) and rotation period. Orbits in large Loop Current anticyclones were excluded. Eddies of both signs scale approximately as the baroclinic radius of deformation with relatively smaller radii on the upper slope, where water depths are less than 1000 m. The median radius for all eddies was ∼30 km, and median periods were 12 and 13.5 days for cyclones and anticyclones, respectively. Anticyclones also tend to be more circular than cyclones. Relative vorticity maps were constructed for seven hydrographic surveys, which mapped the slope at 4–5 month intervals. A total of 26 cyclones and 15 anticyclones had statistics that were consistent with drifter orbit analyses. The surveys indicate that at any one time, between 2 and 5 cyclones and 1 and 3 anticyclones may be present. Both drifters and surveys indicate that cyclones have a slight numerical dominance.
A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the hydrology of nontidal wetlands

Wetlands occur in geologic and hydrologic settings that enhance the accumulation or retention of water. Regional slope, local relief, and permeability of the land surface are major controls on the formation of wetlands by surface-water sources. However, these landscape features also have significant control over groundwater flow systems, which commonly play a role in the formation of wetlands. Because the hydrologic system is a continuum, any modification of one component will have an effect on contiguous components. Disturbances commonly affecting the hydrologic system as it relates to wetlands include weather modification, alteration of plant communities, storage of surface water, road construction, drainage of surface water and soil water, alteration of groundwater recharge and discharge areas, and pumping of groundwater. Assessments of the cumulative effects of one or more of these disturbances on the hydrologic system as related to wetlands must take into account uncertainty in the measurements and in the assumptions that are made in hydrologic studies. For example, it may be appropriate to assume that regional groundwater flow systems are recharged in uplands and discharged in lowlands. However, a similar assumption commonly does not apply on a local scale, because of the spatial and temporal dynamics of groundwater recharge. Lack of appreciation of such hydrologic factors can lead to misunderstanding of the hydrologic function of wetlands within various parts of the landscape and mismanagement of wetland ecosystems.
Threshold Effects in Three-Body Channels

The possibility of obtaining threshold anomalies in reactions leading to three-particle channels was studied in detail. It was found that a threshold cusp or rounded step existed in reactions whose final three-body channels have at least one particle in common. The effect appeared as a function of the momentum of the common particle while the total energy was fixed. (auth)