cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Monitoring by Mass Spectrometry for GaAs Etched with An Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source

Quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) has been used as an in-situ diagnostic technique for GaAs etched with an electron cyclotron resonance source. Changes in the detected signal intensities for reactive species and etch products have been related to corresponding changes in the etch rate as several process parameters were varied. The detected 75As+ and to a lesser degree, 35C1+ and 70C12 +, were observed to follow etch rate as microwave power, rf power, source to sample distance, temperature, and pressure were varied. The self-induced dc bias (IVdcl) determines the etch rate dependence on etch time. The time delay before saturation of the monitored 75As+ signal corresponding to a constant etch rate is inversely proportional to IVdcl. The addition of N2/O2 in a 4:1 ratio to constitute 15% of the total discharge resulted in a 95% decrease in the intensity of the monitored 75As+ signal. The measured etch rate decreased by 75%.
Air cavity low-loss signal lines on bt substrates for high frequency chip-to-chip communication

Chip-to-chip communication across conventional printed circuit boards is limited to low frequencies (a few GHz), thus limiting the aggregate bandwidth without the use of optics. Low-loss, air insulated transmission lines can extend the frequency range of electrical circuitry on fiberglass-epoxy substrates (e.g. FR4 and BT). Described in this paper are electrical signal lines separated only by an airgap fabricated on BT substrates. The structures demonstrated greater than 46 percent reduction in capacitance and greater than 90 percent in loss tangent, which translates to substantially lower losses at high frequencies (10 GHz or greater). Attenuation in these structures have been simulated to be eight times lower than conventional microstrip lines. Air cavity signal lines are currently being integrated on multilayer BT substrates to demonstrate chip-to-chip communication using chips fabricated at the 65-nm node employing cross-talk cancellation techniques.
Impact of Complications and Hospital-Free Days on Health Related Quality of Life 1 Year after Radical Cystectomy

Purpose: We determined the extent to which complications as well as number of hospital-free days within 30 and 90 days of surgery predicted health related quality of life 1 year after radical cystectomy.Materials and Methods: We used data from a prospective health related quality of life study using a validated instrument, the Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index-15. Complications were graded by the Clavien system, and hospital length of stay and length of stay during readmissions were used to calculate 30 and 90-day hospital-free days, respectively. We compared the number of hospital-free days among patients with varying levels of complications. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index-15 score 1 year after surgery adjusting for demographic (age, gender, comorbidities) and clinical variables (stage and diversion type).Results: A total of 100 patients with complete baseline and 1-year followup health related quality of life data were included in the analysis. Media...
Si-micromachined coplanar waveguides for use in high-frequency circuits

This paper describes the development and characterization of a new class of Si-micromachined lines and circuit components for operation between 2-110 GHz. In these lines, which are a finite-ground coplanar-waveguide (FGC) type, Si micromachining is used to remove the dielectric material from the aperture regions in an effort to reduce dispersion and minimize propagation loss. Measured results have shown a considerable loss reduction to levels that compare favorably with those of membrane lines and rectangular waveguides. Micromachined FGC lines have been used to develop V- and W-band bandpass filters. The W-band micromachined FGC filter has shown a 0.8-dB improvement in insertion loss at 94 GHz over a conventional FGC line. This approach offers an excellent alternative to the membrane technology, exhibiting very low loss, no dispersion, and mode-free operation without using membranes to support the interconnect structure.
Endonasal endoscopic resection of esthesioneuroblastoma: the Johns Hopkins Hospital experience and review of the literature

Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant tumor originating in the upper nasal cavity. The surgical treatment for this tumor has traditionally been via an open craniofacial resection. Over the past decade, there has been tremendous development in endoscopic techniques. In this report, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients with esthesioneuroblastomas treated with a purely endonasal endoscopic approach and resection at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between January 2005 and April 2010. A total of eight patients with esthesioneuroblastoma, five men and three women, were identified. Six patients were treated for primary disease, and two were treated for tumor recurrence. The modified Kadish staging was A in one patient (12.5%), B in two patients (25%), C in four patients (50%), and D in one patient (12.5%). All patients had a complete resection with negative intraoperative margins. One patient had intraoperative hypertension; there were no perioperative complications. With a mean follow-up of over 27 months, all patients are without evidence of disease. In addition, we reviewed the literature and identified several overlapping case series of patients with esthesioneuroblastoma treated via a purely endoscopic technique. Our series adds to the growing experience of expanded endonasal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of skull base tumors including esthesioneuroblastoma. Longer follow-up on a larger number of patients is required to further demonstrate the utility of endoscopic approaches in the management of this malignancy.
Tat's All Folks: An Analysis of Tattoo Literature

The purpose of this manuscript is to review the existing literature on the subject of tattooing. By focusing on the unit of analysis, this paper demonstrates that little is actually known about the process of tattooing. This review highlights how research on the subject is concentrated on understanding tattoo wearers. Existing literature on tattooing can be summarized into one of four general themes or sets of findings: tattooed individuals, group behavior, art or cultural production, and commoditization of culture. While viewed as a trivial subject, research indicates that tattooing is highly complex and social behavior. I propose that research shift from tattoos as the outcome cultural production to the social processes and conditions under which they are produced. While we know a lot about tattoo wearers, research on the process of tattooing can inform larger sociological debates, including discussions of labor, commodification, art, authenticity, and marginality.
Endocrine Influences on Proteinuria in the Rat Effect of AGTH.

Summary1. Normal rats respond to the intraperitoneal injection of renin with an intense, transient proteinuria. ACTH administration results in a 60 to 65% increase in proteinuria in the hour following renin administration over and above that shown by non-ACTH treated controls. 2. The normal, spontaneous proteinuria of the male rat is significantly increased by ACTH administration.
Experimental Studies of Magnetic Tricritical Points: Problems and Progress

Experimental and theoretical studies of tricritical phenomena have constituted an active field of research over the past decade. Early experiments on 3He>-4He mixtures1 and metamagnets2–5 were interpreted by Griffiths6 in terms of a new type of critical phenomenon involving the simultaneous criticality of two different densities, and a number of theoretical predictions were subsequently made concerning the nature of the singularities which might be expected at such a point.7–21
Some complete and censored sampling results for the three-parameter weibull distribution

Some simple point estimators are proposed for the three-parameter Weibull distribution. Both complete and type II censored sampling are considered. The biases and variances of these estimators are studied by Monte Carlo simulation. Percentage points for the estimator of the shape parameter are also obtained by Monte Carlo simulation, which enables interval estimation and tests of hypotheses to be carried out for the shape parameter.
Calcium dependent regulation of brain and cardiac muscle adenylate cyclase.

The very close interdependence of Ca2+ and hormones in the overall metabolism of cyclic nucleotides has recently been emphasized by Cheung. Clearly the results presented here show that [Ca2+] in the physiological range (less than 10(-7) M to greater than 10(-6) M) has profound effects on the activity of adenylate cyclase from both brain and cardiac muscle. Whereas both brain and cardiac cyclase exhibit a Ca2+ dependent inhibition (perhaps mediated by calmodulin), only the brain cyclase is activated by Ca2+ via calmodulin. With both cyclases there is an inverse relationship between the inhibition of cyclase and the activation of calmodulin dependent (cAMP and cGMP) phosphodiesterase as a function of Ca2+ concentration. Because the IC50's for Ca2+ are the same in both heart and brain, the possibility exists that the Ca2+ inhibitory site of both cyclases is similar and perhaps identical. Considering the ability of Ca2+ to both stimulate and inhibit cyclase, one could imagine that in different species, tissues, or regions of the same tissue, there could exist multiple populations of cyclase, that is a cyclase which would only show Ca2+ dependent inhibition, Ca2+ dependent stimulation, or the biphasic response to Ca2+ (FIGURE 7). The fact that Ca2+ still regulates adenylate cyclase after various stimuli (histamine, NaF, etc.) suggests that Ca2+ may function to regulate the cyclase over shorter time periods (regardless of its state of stimulation) and that other affectors of cyclase (e.g., hormones) would serve to regulate the cyclase over longer time periods.
ABT-737 Induces Expression of the Death Receptor 5 and Sensitizes Human Cancer Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis

Because Bcl-2 family members inhibit the ability of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) to induce apoptosis, we investigated whether ABT-737, a small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor, enhances TRAIL killing. We demonstrate that a combination of ABT-737 and TRAIL induced significant cell death in multiple cancer types, including renal, prostate, and lung cancers, although each agent individually had little activity in these tumor cells. All of these cell lines expressed the Mcl-1 protein that is known to block the activity of ABT-737 and TRAIL but did not block the synergy between these agents. However, Bax-deficient cell lines, including DU145 and HCT116 cells and those cell lines expressing low levels of TRAIL receptor, were resistant to apoptosis induced by these agents. To understand how ABT-737 functions to markedly increase TRAIL sensitivity, the levels of specific death-inducing signaling complex components were evaluated. Treatment with ABT-737 did not change the levels of c-FLIP, FADD, and caspase-8 but up-regulated the levels of the TRAIL receptor DR5. DR5 up-regulation induced by ABT-737 treatment occurred through a transcriptional mechanism, and mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the NF-κB site found in the DR5 promoter was essential for the ability of ABT-737 to increase the levels of this mRNA. Using luciferase reporter plasmids, ABT-737 was shown to stimulate NF-κB activity. Together, these results demonstrate that the ability of ABT-737 and TRAIL to induce apoptosis is mediated through activation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Combinations of ABT-737 and TRAIL can be exploited therapeutically where antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members drive tumor cell resistance to current anticancer therapies.
Adaptive detector statistics using moment-based approximations

Adaptive filtering techniques are used for many detection applications such as communications and radar, yet the complicated statistics of adaptive detectors frustrate a closed form analysis of their performance. This paper offers a partial solution to this problem by providing closed form moments of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) and generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) that can be used in a Laguerre series expansion to efficiently complete the probabilities of detection and false alarm of these adaptive detectors. The radar case is considered in particular. Furthermore, exact closed form statistics of the AMF are given which are convenient for probability of false alarm computations and describing the asymptotic behavior of this test.
Closing the Gap--Information Systems Curriculum and Changing Global Market.

The power of outsourcing basic computing technology such as computer programming, database design, customer service operations and system development, to mention a few have changed the conditions of employment in IT. Many of the projects that went off-shore did not perform well due to failure to consider important factors in business dimensions.
[Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis used for AIDS patients under anti-retroviral therapy].

Objective To analyze the situation of survival among AIDS patients under co-trimoxazole prophylaxis as initial anti-retroviral therapy（ART）,in Henan province during 2007-2011. Methods Information on AIDS patients receiving initial ART during 2007-2011 was collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Integrated Control System. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to generate survival curves,and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to determine associated factors of survival status. According to the previous CTX use before ART,the subjects were divided into 3 groups including who had never taken CTX,who had taken CTX and still taking now,who had taken CTX and not current taking. Results A total of 13 103 eligible AIDS patients were identified. 1 702 patients died within 6 years after the initiation of ART,with the mortality as 4.46/100 person year. Among the 455 patients who died within 3 months and 970 died within 12 months,the mortality rates were 14.15/100 person year and 7.78/100 person year,respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival time and mortality of the patients who had taken CTX was longer AND lower than those patients who had never taken CTX when starting the ART program. Results＆nbsp;from the log-rank test showed that the difference of two groups was statistically significant during 12 months after the ART（log-rank=5.15,P=0.02）. After controlling for other variables,results from multivariable analysis of COX model showed that factors as age,gender,marital status,perion between confirmed diagnosis and receiving the ART,baseline CD4＋T cells count,clinical stage,initial therapy schedule,date when starting the ART,number of symptoms at baseline,use of CTX before starting the ART and ART being skipped in the last seven days etc,were associated with the time of survival in patients after the initiation of ART. Patients who had been taking CTX at ART initiation were at lower risk of death （adjusted HR=0.71,95%CI：0.63-0.80;P=0.00）,compared to those who had never taken the CTX. Conclusion The co-trimoxazole prophylaxis program was associated with the reduced mortality among AIDS patients who were on ART in Henan province,especially during the first year. Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Co-trimoxazole; Antiretroviral therapy; Survival analysis
Field Observations on the Pales Weevil, Hylobius pales, in the South Carolina Piedmont

Based on the results of a trapping, marking, and recovery study conducted from October 1966 to July 1968 in the Piedmont of South Carolina, emergence patterns of Hylobius pales (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), have been determined for this area. Overwintered weevils were found to emerge from March through June. Newly transformed weevils emerged during March, April, and May, and there was a 2nd emergence period between July and September. Migration of weevils for 6.9 miles was noted following the emergence of large numbers of weevils in the spring.
Are you “fan” enough? The role of identity in media fandoms.

The purpose of the present study was to examine media fandom participation from a social identity perspective. Prior to the main study, a new measure of media fan identification was created and internal reliability was established. For the present study, a total of 261 self-proclaimed Harry Potter o
Deviation from [pump=signal + idler] photon energy conservation in an ultrafast optical parametric amplifier

We report on considerable photon energy losses of [signal+idler] pair (~60 meV) in KTiOPO4 optical parametric amplifier pumped by <40-fs 800-nm pulses and explain it by optical rectification enhanced by coupling to large third-order nonlinearity.
Endopyelotomy Associated Ureteral Necrosis: Complete Ureteral Replacement Using the Boari Flap

AbstractA case of an adolescent who sustained necrosis of the entire ureter after attempted endopyelotomy for congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction is presented. Successful reconstruction of a neoureter was performed easily with the Boari bladder flap coupled with nephropexy and a psoas hitch. Although repair of upper ureteral injuries with the Boari flap has been described in the literature, to our knowledge its use in the pediatric population has not. Our case exemplifies how the Boari flap repair is particularly suitable in children for bridging significant segments of injured ureters, not just the lower third.
Methodological Considerations in Determining Vitamin A and Carotenoid Bioactivity in Humans

At present there is little information regarding the quantitative vitamin A value of specific foods or meal patterns. Such information would aid in a more precise determination of the suitability of certain foods or diets to meet minimum and optimal nutritional needs for vitamin A. This knowledge deficit stems largely from the lack of well-developed models to assess the bioavailability of carotenoids, particularly provitamin A carotenoids, from foods. Literature values of carotenoid bioavailability (percent of ingested carotene absorbed) range from 1% to 99%, and variability is often high both within and between treatments. Current models generally fall into two categories: those employing outcomes that reflect efficacy, i.e., that rely on changes in one or more indicators of vitamin A status; and those which provide a more direct estimate of absorption and/or conversion efficiency of single doses of provitamin A carotenoids. The latter include oral–faecal balance models and post-prandial chylomicron reti...
Improved cadaver allograft survival in transfused recipients who remain serologically negative for cytomegalovirus.

AbstractBetween April 1976 and October 1979, 100 consecutive cadaver renal transplants were done. Before transplantation 48 recipients were seronegative and 52 were seropositive for cytomegalovirus. After transplantation there were 20 primary and 38 secondary cytomegalovirus infections. The development of post-transplant cytomegalovirus infection, with or without overt symptoms, had no effect on graft survival. The 1-year graft survival was significantly better (p less than 0.05) in high transfused (more than 5 units) recipients (70 per cent) compared to nontransfused recipients (36 per cent). The beneficial effect of transfusions was not diminished in patients with positive post-transplant cytomegalovirus serology. Of the transfused recipients those who remained serologically negative for cytomegalovirus pre-transplant had significantly better 1-year graft survival (78 per cent) than those who were cytomegalovirus positive before transplantation (58 per cent) (p less than0.05). The improved graft surviva...
A silicon neural probe fabricated using DRIE on bonded thin silicon

A silicon neural probe fabricated using a deep reactive ion etching based process on 250 μm thin silicon wafers was developed. The fabricated probes replicate the design of soft parylene-C based probes embedded in dissolvable needles and can therefore also be used to test the encapsulation properties of parylene-C in-vivo without introducing additional effects introduced by the dissolvable gel. The process also demonstrates the possibility of performing conventional photolithography on substrates bonded to a handle wafer using a backgrinding liquid wax (BGL7080) as an adhesive. This technique would allow integration of Si wafer thinning into the fabrication of neural probes, potentially allowing a range of neural probes of different thicknesses to be fabricated. Fabricated probes were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) yielding a measured impedance value of ∼80 kΩ at 1 kHz for 15 μm by 115 μm platinum electrodes, indicating that extracellular neural recordings are possible. The neural probes were inserted into the substantia nigra of a mouse that showed successful recording of neural activity. Probes fabricated using this technique can thus be potentially used in the study of Parkinson's disease.
The mouse major histocompatibility complex and age-related changes in the murine immune system

Analysis of C57BL/6J A/J allophenic mice for their lymphocyte composition, using H-2 antigens as external markers, and glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) isozymes as internal markers, has led to the discovery of two unusual mice. Both mice showed heterodimers of GPI isozymes upon electrophoresis of the lymphocyte lysate. Specific anti-H-2 antisera confirmed that the cells of the mice were of C57BL/6J and A/J origin, as expected, but that the "A/J" cells seemed to behave as Fj hybrids containing the Gpi-1^ and Gpi-l^ alleles. Possible origins of the Cpi-l^ allele in the "A/J" cells
Practical Tips for Facilitating Research

Published in March 2016, this book is the first in Facet Publishing’s planned Practical Tips for Library and Information Professionals Series, edited by Helen Blanchett. The series is envisioned as a set of practical guides for busy professionals, grounded in theory but full of practical advice and best practices contributed by practitioners for “information professionals looking for new ideas and inspiration.”
Dehydrative Nazarov-type electrocyclizations of alkenyl (hetero)aryl carbinols via calcium catalysis: Access to cyclopenta[b]thiophenes and indene derivatives

A general approach to the understudied cyclopenta[b]thiophenes is reported. The products were directly generated from calcium-catalyzed, dehydrative, Nazarov-type electrocyclizations of alkenyl thienyl carbinols in up to 82% yield. The thienyl carbinols demonstrated good tolerance for aryl and heteroaryl substituents on the alkene. Aryl carbinols were also amenable to the calcium-catalyzed conditions and afforded indene derivatives in good yields. In most cases, the reaction was selective for the thermodynamic alkene isomer; however, substituent effects played a role in determining product outcomes. Mechanistically, the calcium catalyst initiated formation of alkenyl (hetero)aryl carbinyl cations which subsequently underwent a 4π electrocyclization and elimination that is reminiscent of the Nazarov reaction. This transformation is significant for two main reasons: 1) it represents one of the only examples of catalysis for dehydrative, Nazarov-type electrocyclizations in which thiophene was compatible; 2) it allowed for the direct formation of cyclopenta[b]thiophenes while circumventing the need for cyclopenta[b]thiophenones as precursors.
Mill and Ricardo: The Genesis of Comparative Advantage

Britain suspended the gold standard in its war with France in 1797. This led to an inflation controversy that created Ricardo the economist. He entered the discussion in 1809 arguing that the inflation was caused by too much paper money. His impressive argument attracted the attention of James Mill and Thomas Malthus who both became life-long friends and correspondents. In its early days economics was unsettled with vague terms and loose reasoning. James Mill, impressed with Ricardo’s logical mind and brilliance, convinced him to write a book to settle the issues. It was during the writing of this book in 1816 that Ricardo discovered comparative advantage. I tell the story.
Effect of Risk and Protective Decision Aids on Flood Preparation in Vulnerable Communities

AbstractAlthough the risks of flooding demand responses by communities and societies, there are also many cost-effective actions that individuals can take. The authors examine two potential determi...
Sadness, the Architect of Cognitive Change

Emotions guide action in ways that are frequently adaptive. Fear, disgust, and anger motivate people to act to avoid danger, shun contamination, and overcome obstacles to their goals. But what good does feeling sad do? This seemingly passive state is often characterized by behavioral withdrawal and rumination. This chapter reviews theory and research concerning the types of situations that elicit sadness and the effects of sadness on expression, behavior, and cognition. Evidence suggests that, far from being passive, sadness is an architect of cognitive change, directing the challenging but essential work of reconstructing goals and beliefs when people face irrevocable loss.
Diabetes is not associated with increased rates of free flap failure: Analysis of outcomes in 6030 patients from the ACS-NSQIP database.

BACKGROUND Diabetes affects a significant proportion of the population in the United States. Microsurgical procedures are common in this patient population, and despite many conflicting reports in the literature, there are no large studies evaluating the direct association between diabetes and outcomes, specifically failure, following free flap reconstruction. In this study, we sought to determine the impact of diabetes on postoperative outcomes following free flap reconstruction using a national multi-institutional database. METHODS We reviewed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database to identify patients undergoing free flap reconstruction from 2010 to 2015. Preoperative variables and outcomes were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to control for confounders. RESULTS We identified 6030 eligible patients. No significant difference in flap failure rates was observed. However, diabetic patients presented significantly higher rates of wound complications, including deep incisional surgical site infection (SSI) (OR = 1.35; P = .01) and wound dehiscence (OR = 1.17; P = .03). Diabetic patients also presented a significantly longer hospital length of stay (LOS) (β = .62; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our study evaluated the largest national cohort of free flap procedures. These results suggest that diabetes is not associated with increased rates of flap failure. However, diabetic patients are at significantly higher risk of postoperative deep incisional SSI, wound dehiscence, and longer LOS. Our findings provide the most concrete evidence to date in support of free flap reconstruction in diabetic patients, but highlight the need for heightened clinical vigilance and wound care for optimal outcomes.
Social differentiation and organic solidarity: the Division of labor revisited

This paper argues for the “classicity” of Durkheim's first book: the innovative way viewing the compatibility of social order and individual autonomy; his sensitive perception of uneasiness with regards to the crisis of anomie; the lucid sociological account, especially the tripartite explanation of the division of labor in terms of its functioning, emergence, and consequences; and the conceptualization of the problem of order—i.e., the relationship of differentiation and integration. In all of these respects, Durkheim's book is a classic. Yet “classical” neither means original nor flawless. This is shown with respect to the relationship of division of labor and organic solidarity by looking at the historical debate on the division of labor, by elucidating mechanical and organic solidarity, and by carving out some of the problems “inside organic solidarity.”
The Spectrum of β Decay: Continuous or Discrete? A Variety of Errors in Experimental Investigation

In this paper I will examine how the physics community came to accept the idea of a continuous energy spectrum of electrons emitted in β decay, the spontaneous transformation of an atomic nucleus into another atomic nucleus with the emission of an electron and a neutrino. In this history we shall see several different ways in which scientists went wrong. These include two instances of apparent disagreement between pairs of experimental results in which all of the results were, in fact, correct. One of each discordant pair of results had been misinterpreted. There will also be a case of an incorrect experimental result, which was an artifact produced by the experimental apparatus. It was an unsuccessful attempt to replicate this incorrect result, a discrete energy spectrum in β decay, that led to an experiment which, in retrospect, demonstrated the continuous energy spectrum. This experiment itself initially provided inconsistent results using different detectors. At the time of its publication, however, this experiment did not persuade physicists that the energy spectrum was continuous. I will examine some of the reasons for the lack of acceptance of this result and end my story with the experiment that ultimately resolved the issue. It persuaded the physics community that the energy spectrum in β decay was continuous. The process lasted approximately 30 years.
Die Suche Nach Allgemeinheit und die Pseudo-Erklärung

Der Wunsch zu wissen ist so alt wie die Menschheitsgeschichte. Gleichzeitig mit den Anfangen gesellschaftlicher Gruppen und dem Gebrauch von Werkzeugen zum Zwecke einer vollkommeneren Befriedigung der taglichen Bedurfnisse hat sich der Wunsch nach Wissen eingestellt, denn Wissen ist unentbehrlich fur eine Beherrschung der Dinge unserer Umwelt, die wir fur unsere Zwecke ausnutzen mochten.
Who Is Here to Help Me? The Work-Related Social Networks of Staff of Color in Two Mid-Sized Districts:

Despite the benefits of educators of color to various outcomes for students of color, large-scale research has not explored these educators’ on-the-job interactions with colleagues outside of large...
Problem list documentation and surveillance mammography: Can meaningful use be useful?

e17696 Background: The electronic health record problem list (ePL) plays important roles in clinical decision support and communication with consequent improved care delivery. Despite established n...
Polygenic Influences on Pubertal Timing and Tempo and Depressive Symptoms in Boys and Girls.

This study used polygenic scoring (PGS) to test whether puberty-related genes were correlated with depressive symptoms, and whether there were indirect effects through pubertal maturation. The sample included 8,795 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (measures of puberty drawn ages 8-17 years; of depressive symptoms at age 16.5 years). The PGS (derived from a genome-wide meta-analysis of later age at menarche) predicted boys' and girls' later pubertal timing, boys' slower gonadal development, and girls' faster breast development. Earlier perceived breast development timing predicted more depressive symptoms in girls. Findings support shared genetic underpinnings for boys' and girls' puberty, contributing to multiple pubertal phenotypes with differences in how these genetic variants affect boys' and girls' development.
Racial differences in intravenous bisphosphonate utilization among older patients with multiple myeloma.

e18165Background: Intravenous bisphosphonates (IV BP) reduce the risk of skeletal-related events in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). However, data describing racial differences in utilization o...
Fault Location of Distribution Network Based on Multi-method Fusion

For the fault location problem of a radial distribution network, the existing method is single, and the accuracy in practical applications is low, which is difficult to meet on-site needs. A fault location method of a distribution network based on multi-method fusion is proposed. After the fault occurs, the initial fault location is first obtained by the matrix method, probability estimation method and artificial intelligence method. Then the initial fault location result is processed and integrated through improved evidence theory. Finally, the final fault location result is obtained according to the decision criteria. This method is less affected by information missing and information false positive, and is adaptable to the situation of multiple faults, and gives alternatives. Finally, the feasibility of the method is proved by simulation analysis.
Glycogen and polyglucosan storage diseases

Abstract Glycogen is stored in the liver to maintain blood sugar in between meals. Muscles also store glucose, indeed they contain most of the glycogen in the body, to fuel the muscle function but muscles cannot share it with other tissue, because they lack the glucose-6-phosphatase. Absence of glycogen can be tolerated in children and adults as long as hypoglycemia is kept under strict control. Glycogen synthesis requires glycogen synthase and branching enzymes. Absence of glycogen branching enzyme or very active glycogen synthase makes a longer glucose chain that cannot be synthesized or degraded as efficiently causing the accumulation of abnormal glycogen. This condition is named glycogen storage disease type IV, which has different variants according to the remaining enzyme activity. Blocks in glycolysis or factors increasing glycogen synthase activity also cause polyglucosan or normal glycogen accumulation. Although the exact mechanism is not known, unbranched glycogen accumulates in the deficiency of ubiquitin ligases such as Malin, RBCK1, or phosphatase Laforin. Malin or Laforin deficiency causes very severe Lafora disease. Patients show the symptoms of the disease at 15 years of age and they die in a decade because of the severe epilepsy. On the other hand, RBCK1-deficient patients accumulate abnormal glycogen in muscle and heart, causing cardiopathy and myopathy.
Abstract 5706: Identifying regulators of cancer heterogeneity with phenotypic sorting and single cell sequencing

Intratumoral heterogeneity is a major challenge to the effective treatment of cancer. The genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic differences among tumor cells give rise to diverse phenotypes, some of which can persist in dysregulated environmental conditions and survive therapeutic attempts. Single cell sequencing (scSeq) technologies have improved our understanding of the transcriptional variation among tumor cells. However, it remains unclear how cell behavior is related to these alterations. Here, we link genotype to phenotype by employing a method of fluorescently labeling and isolating tumor cell subpopulations based on user-defined phenotypic characteristics from within a biologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) environment for subsequent scSeq and molecular analyses (Pheno-scSeq). We compare this Pheno-scSeq technique to traditional agnostic clustering of scSeq data and find significant differences. We then use Pheno-scSeq to guide our dissection of the mechanistic basis of heterogeneity in the invasive capacity of triple negative breast cancer cells. After seeding cells in 3D collagen and photoconverting based on invasion phenotype, we find that cells undergoing collective invasion are defined by a transcriptional program of migration, anabolism, and proliferation, suggesting a “go and grow” state contrasting with the “go or grow” hypothesis. Cells that do not invade form acini and are defined by a transcriptional program enriched for catabolism, senescence, and immune regulation. Functional assessment of the gene sets validates the relevance of the transcriptional program and reveals differential Human Leukocyte Antigen localization associated with differential migration phenotypes. Treatment with doxorubicin and paclitaxel reveals that acini cells are resistant to drug-induced death, while collectively invasive cells are more susceptible. Modulation of cell-matrix adhesion is explored to determine the potential for reprogramming between the two phenotypes and to identify couplings between migration, immune, and metabolic phenotypes. This study lends deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying phenotypic heterogeneity and may inform the success of precision oncology initiatives. Citation Format: Kevin Chen, Stephanie Irene Fraley. Identifying regulators of cancer heterogeneity with phenotypic sorting and single cell sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5706.
Asymptotic dimension of fuzzy metric spaces

Abstract In this paper, we define asymptotic dimension of fuzzy metric spaces in the sense of George and Veeramani. We prove that asymptotic dimension is an invariant in the coarse category of fuzzy metric spaces. We also show several properties of asymptotic dimension in the fuzzy setting which resemble the properties of asymptotic dimension in the metric setting. We finish with calculating asymptotic dimension of a few fuzzy metric spaces.
Delivery of Innovative Healthcare Services

The healthcare delivery model for the undergraduate, graduate, and professional student population is one that has tremendous opportunity for innovative healthcare services. The population is well defined, the payer model known, and health care needs are relatively easily defined. In this chapter we review several innovative programs designed to provide the right care to the right student at the right time. This includes telehealth, health-related vending machines, and more ubiquitous access to menstrual products. Our hope is to lay the conceptual framework for these and other innovative healthcare services.
Hot-pressed 6LiInSe2 for use as a ceramic radiation detector

Abstract Lithium based chalcogenides have many uses in the nuclear science field. 6LiInSe2 (or LISe) has been researched extensively because of its ability to operate in both scintillator and semiconductor modes. This makes it useful in applications including nuclear material detection for national security, space applications, and medical imaging. In some applications growth and fabrication costs are of concern, as it takes upwards of 40 days to synthesize a charge, grow a crystal and fabricate a detector. Ceramics are a solution for this long route of preparation. This research shows that using a 6LiInSe2 ceramic instead of a single crystal significantly decreases the time required to make a detector. In the present work, ceramic wafers can be formed using a mechanical press equipped with a heating attachment. The resulting ceramic wafer performs very similar to a slow-growth single crystal when used in the scintillator mode.
A physical downscaling algorithm for the generation of high-resolution spatiotemporal solar irradiance data

Abstract The National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB) provides more than 20 years of solar resource information covering North and South America at a 30-min, 4-km by 4-km resolution. However, high-resolution solar resource data is generally required for solar generation models such as the System Advisor Model (SAM), power system models such as the Integrated Grid Modeling System (IGMS), and renewable integration studies. The models and tools require data at a temporal resolution of minutes and spatial resolution of 1–2 km. This study developed a physics-based algorithm to downscale the NSRDB data to higher spatiotemporal resolution for use in various downstream models. The model uses the NSRDB radiative transfer models and is sufficiently generic to downscale solar resource data from the NSRDB without site-specific tuning. The downscaled solar resource data shows comparable accuracy to the native NSRDB when validated against high-temporal-resolution ground measurements. The downscaled solar resource data is also used to generate power production profiles that are compared to high-temporal-resolution photovoltaic plant power generation profiles with good qualitative agreement. Finally, an initial high-resolution publicly accessible data product developed using this method is presented for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Forage fish for cod and people.

Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM), which is now widely accepted (1⇓–3), calls for consideration of ecological linkages between marine species when regulating harvest levels. However, whether and how to alter harvest rates and minimum biomass limits (relative to conventional single-species approaches) to protect ecosystem integrity is less settled. For forage fish species—small fish such as herring, capelin, anchovies, and sardines that are important prey for higher trophic level species in marine ecosystems—there are calls for more precautionary harvest strategies than have typically been employed. Smith et al. (4) recommend halving exploitation rates, and Pikitch et al. (5) call for reducing harvest rates progressively toward zero at 40% of unfished biomass for stocks with intermediate information, and maintaining forage stocks at over 80% of unfished biomass when information is low. However, there is little empirical evidence that predator populations have been impacted by fishery-induced swings in forage fish populations, and trophic modeling studies have tended to overestimate the impact of forage species on predators (6). The analysis of Soudijn et al. (7) in PNAS suggests that curtailing or closing down forage fish fisheries could have unintended negative consequences on some predators. Their analysis suggests that moderate and even high levels of exploitation of forage fish stocks may actually help prevent the collapse of piscivorous (fish-eating) predators such as cod that are subject to heavy fishing pressure. Soudijn et al. (7) use a community dynamics model of Baltic sea cod and key forage fish stocks (herring and sprat) to evaluate how exploitation rates of the forage … [↵][1]1Email: dan.holland{at}noaa.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Access to employer-provided paid leave and eldercare provision for older workers

Paid leave for family and medical reasons is an important workplace benefit for older workers with eldercare responsibilities by offering time off from work to deal with the need for caregiving, bu...
Examining weight suppression as a predictor and moderator of intervention outcomes in an eating disorder and obesity prevention trial: A replication and extension study.

Abstract Weight suppression (WS) predicts future weight gain and increases in eating disorder symptoms in community and clinical samples but has received minimal attention in obesity and eating disorder prevention programs. In a sample of emerging adults (N = 364) in a randomized controlled trial evaluating two obesity and eating disorder prevention interventions versus a control condition, this study aimed to replicate the findings that WS and its interaction with baseline BMI predict increases in weight and eating disorder symptoms and test a novel hypothesis that WS would moderate the effects of the interventions on change in weight and eating disorder symptoms. Participants completed assessments at baseline, post-intervention, 6-, 12-, and 24-months. WS was calculated as the difference between highest lifetime weight and baseline weight. WS interacted with baseline BMI to predict greater weight gain over 24-months, such that those with high WS and lower baseline BMI gained weight most rapidly. WS did not predict eating disorder symptom change and did not moderate the effects of the prevention programs. Given that individuals with WS are at increased risk for weight gain, expressly targeting this high-risk population with evidence-based obesity prevention programs may be useful. Clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT01680224.
Palliative Care: Oncology Nurses' Confidence in Provision to Patients With Cancer.

Background Oncology nurses are key providers of care to patients with cancer in all healthcare settings. However, little is known about oncology nurses' perceived confidence in providing all of the domains of palliative care. Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine oncology nurses' perceived confidence in providing palliative care to patients with cancer and to identify the association between nurses' demographic and professional characteristics and their perceived confidence. Methods A descriptive correlational design was employed. The sample included RNs who provided care to patients with cancer and were members of the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS). Participants completed an online survey consisting of 14 demographic questions and a 50-item palliative care confidence scale. Findings Three hundred sixty-six ONS members completed the survey. Results showed that most oncology nurses were confident to very confident in providing palliative care to patients with cancer, but they lacked confidence in providing the psychosocial, spiritual, and legal and ethical aspects of care. Years of experience as an oncology nurse and palliative care training were significantly associated with perceived confidence in providing palliative care.
Chapter 27 Relevance of the Distribution of Na+ Pump Sites to Models of Fluid Transport across Epithelia

Publisher Summary Na + –K + -adenosine phosphatase (ATPase) has been shown to be intimately associated with the Na + pump, and its distribution has been considered to reflect that of the site for active transport of Na + across the cell membrane. This chapter describes the employment of the freeze-dry techniques to prevent diffusion of the molecule and discusses the localization of Na + pump sites in different types of epithelia. The pump distribution is spread over all the basolateral membrane surface of epithelial cells. Sodium pump or at least Na + –K + -ATPase distribution must necessarily be assigned a fixed value in models of fluid movement across epithelia. It points to the necessity of directing more attention to studies designed to obtain accurate measurements of epithelial geometry and membrane permeability characteristics. It may be necessary to reconsider the generally accepted assumption that the site of the Na + –K + -ATPase represents the site of active extrusion of the Na + involved in transepithelial salt transport. Thus, these considerations appear to be essential to increase the understanding of the mechanism for solute-linked fluid absorption by epithelia.
Promotion of active transportation among state departments of transportation in the U.S

Abstract Objectives This research aimed to assess the level of support for active transportation among state departments of transportation (DOTs) in the U.S. Methods We conducted an inventory plans adopted by 51 state DOTs and a survey of state DOT pedestrian and bicycle coordinators in the U.S. in 2010 (n=39, 72% response rate). Results Overall, the plans were not very encouraging of planning and design elements that would encourage walking and bicycling. Only two items (Establish pedestrian and bicycle facilities requirements and standards and Safer intersections for pedestrians and bicyclists) were encouraged or required by at least half of the states. States were more supportive of including bicycle and pedestrian facilities (e.g. trails, sidewalks, and bike lanes) and less supportive of policies related to land use and urban design and reallocating road space (e.g. road diets or narrower streets). The overall levels of support were positively correlated to levels of urbanization. According to the state coordinators, support for bicycle and pedestrian projects and policies increased over time, but support is stronger among top management than highway engineering staff. Funding was identified as the major implementation barrier, particularly in more rural states. Conclusions Change within state DOTs to incorporate bicycle and pedestrian modes is a slow process, influenced by both management and engineering staff. Education at several levels and through different mechanisms could play an important role in changing DOT culture, though funding for projects is also a major barrier. Effective advocacy groups may also play a positive role.