cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of the Goods and Services Sectors: technology management implications

Using a technique called 'Data Surface Mining' (DSM), data previously published in the business press were further analysed to characterise the similarities and differences between the Goods and Services Sectors; a summary of the results of these analyses is presented here. In addition, the issues of technology management especially relevant to the Services Sector are presented. These issues are of critical importance in light of the fact that the Services Sector represents more than 80% (GDP and/or employment) of the US economy and is of increasing importance in the global economy.
Risk Factors for Fracture Mobility Six Weeks After Initiation of Brace Treatment of Mid-Diaphyseal Humeral Fractures

Background: Recent studies have identified specific subsets of diaphyseal humeral fractures for which functional bracing is less effective. The present study tested the hypothesis that a gap between fracture fragments may be a risk factor (after accounting for other potential risk factors) for fracture instability six weeks after functional bracing of humeral shaft fractures. Methods: We retrospectively identified seventy-nine adult patients (forty-six men, thirty-three women; forty-two fractures on the right side, thirty-seven fractures on the left), each with an acute, closed, AO type-A2 (oblique, ≥30°) or type-A3 (transverse, <30°) mid-diaphyseal humeral shaft fracture treated nonoperatively at three different level-I trauma centers from June 2004 to August 2011. The gap between the fracture fragments was measured on the first radiographs made after the affected upper extremity was placed in a brace. Results: Sixty-three patients (80%) had documented healing of the fracture. Sixteen patients (20%) had motion at the fracture site and a persistent fracture line shown on radiographs six weeks or more after injury. In multivariable analysis, each millimeter of gap between the main fragments with the patient wearing the brace (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 1.7), smoking (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.4 to 25), and female sex (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 1.2 to 23) increased the risk of fracture instability six weeks after injury (R2 = 0.38, area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve = 0.81). Conclusions: The magnitude of the gap between the fracture fragments is an independent risk factor for fracture instability and the lack of a bridging callus six weeks after a diaphyseal humeral fracture. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Selective Knockout of the Vitamin D Receptor in the Heart Results in Cardiac Hypertrophy Is the Heart a Drugable Target for Vitamin D Receptor Agonists

The report by Dr Chen and colleagues, published in this issue of Circulation , “Cardiomyocyte-Specific Deletion of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Results In Cardiac Hypertrophy,” is important and timely.1 This study extends and supports other studies that have demonstrated that vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling system possess antihypertrophic activity in the heart. The study also furthers our knowledge of this action by demonstrating an involvement of the prohypertrophic calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells/modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein-1 pathway. Thereby, they identify a potential mechanism to account for the reported beneficial effects of vitamin D on the cardiovascular system. To respond to the question posed in the title of this editorial, “Is the heart a drugable target for vitamin D receptor agonists?” Chen et al's report makes an affirmative response more plausible. Article see p 1838 The first studies to demonstrate a connection between cardiovascular homeostasis and vitamin D status used the established rat model of vitamin D deficiency.2–4 The notion of an involvement of the vitamin D endocrine system with cardiovascular function began >25 years ago by our identification of the VDR in rat cardiac myocytes, and this led us to the physiological studies to establish relevance.5 These animal studies established a connection between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular dysfunctions, including cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, hypertension, and the elevation of serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, and renin levels. These reports supported a role for vitamin D in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis through both the direct action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on cardiomyocyte VDR and indirect actions on circulating hormones and calcium. Our studies in rats maintained on a vitamin D-deficient diet revealed that ventricular muscle mass and contractile function were both markedly enhanced. Increased systolic blood pressure, renin levels, hydroxyproline, and serum creatine phosphokinase were reported, …
Nucleation and Crystallization Kinetics in Fragile Glass‐Forming Liquids

Isothermal kinetics of crystallization in the “fragile” Ca(NO3)2─KNO3 melts and in AgI─Ag2SO4─Ag2WO4 melts of intermediate fragility have been investigated using singlestep and multistep calorimetric techniques. Time-temperature-transformation curves for crystal nucleation and growth have been delineated and the temperature for maximum nucleation rate (TNN) identified. The results are compared with the kinetics of nucleation observed in other fragile systems, such as fluoride glass melts, and with classical oxide melts (such as Li2Si2O5) which have “strong” liquid characteristics. Reduced-temperature presentations of nucleation-rate data show qualitative correlations between TNN/TL (TL is liquidus temperature) and liquid fragility. These correlations show that strong-liquid glass formers survive much larger supercoolings without nucleation than do fragile liquids.
Discovering and Resolving User Intent in Heterogeneous Databases

We propose a system whereby subtle semantic ambiguity found in queries of distributed heterogeneous database systems can be resolved by considering the user's intentions. Through the use of domain-specific knowledge embedded within a mediator-based architecture, subtleties in meaning can be explicitly modeled. Through the use of dynamic profiles and active dialogue, the system can discover user intent, providing more satisfying query answers.
Person-Organization Values Congruence: No Support for Individual Differences as a Moderating Influence

This study extended the research into the person-organization fit (values congruency) phenomenon by investigating the impact of demographic factors, such as age, gender, ethnic background, organizational level, management position, length of service, and functional area, on work attitudes. Data from over 1600 professionals and management personnel from a large multinational manufacturing firm revealed that person-organization values congruency was directly related to positive work attitudes and that demographic factors did not moderate this relationship.
Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection.

Identification of full-length transmitted HIV-1 genomes could be instrumental in HIV-1 pathogenesis, microbicide, and vaccine research by enabling the direct analysis of those viruses actually responsible for productive clinical infection. We show in 12 acutely infected subjects (9 clade B and 3 clade C) that complete HIV-1 genomes of transmitted/founder viruses can be inferred by single genome amplification and sequencing of plasma virion RNA. This allowed for the molecular cloning and biological analysis of transmitted/founder viruses and a comprehensive genome-wide assessment of the genetic imprint left on the evolving virus quasispecies by a composite of host selection pressures. Transmitted viruses encoded intact canonical genes ( gag-pol-vif-vpr-tat-rev-vpu-env-nef ) and replicated efficiently in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes but much less so in monocyte-derived macrophages. Transmitted viruses were CD4 and CCR5 tropic and demonstrated concealment of coreceptor binding surfaces of the envelope bridging sheet and variable loop 3. 2 mo after infection, transmitted/founder viruses in three subjects were nearly completely replaced by viruses differing at two to five highly selected genomic loci; by 12–20 mo, viruses exhibited concentrated mutations at 17–34 discrete locations. These findings reveal viral properties associated with mucosal HIV-1 transmission and a limited set of rapidly evolving adaptive mutations driven primarily, but not exclusively, by early cytotoxic T cell responses.
IgE mediated hypersensitivity to pancreatic extract (PE) in parents of cystic fibrosis (CF) children

Summary On exposure to pancreatic extract (PE), four parents of cystic fibrosis (CF) children developed immediate hypersensitivity-like symptoms: i.e. rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, and/or anaphylaxis. IgE to PE was demonstrated in the subjects by skin testing, leucocyte histamine release and radioallergosorbent test (RAST). No serum precipitating antibodies were found. Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response. No delayed asthmatic response or hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like reaction occurred. The responsible antigen for PE induced asthma is unknown; trypsin failed to inhibit PE-RAST and is therefore not responsible in these subjects. Caution should be exercised in using PE for skin testing and bronchial challenge in subjects with suspected hypersensitivity to PE. Certain measures were found useful in preventing the occurrence of symptoms in the four subjects.
B cells as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis

Selective B-cell depletion with anti-CD20 therapy is a promising novel treatment option for patients with refractory autoimmune disease. The anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab, is the first therapeutic monoclonal antibody to have been approved by the European Medical Agency (EMEA) and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsed, low-grade, follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rituximab is now being studied in a range of autoimmune diseases, most notably rheumatoid arthritis, but also chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus. Current data obtained from studies of rituximab single-agent therapy for autoimmune disease show good tolerability and sustained improvement in disease symptoms, although the precise mechanisms of action in autoimmunity remain to be fully clarified. Future research is likely to be focused on the optimization of responses with rituximab-based therapy. However, early observations suggest that this approach is likely to yield significant clinical benefits in a wide range of organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases.
Terminally differentiated human neurons repair transcribed genes but display attenuated global DNA repair and modulation of repair gene expression

Repair of UV-induced DNA lesions in terminally differentiated human hNT neurons was compared to that in their repair-proficient precursor NT2 cells. Global genome repair of (6-4)pyrimidine-pyrimidone photoproducts was significantly slower in hNT neurons than in the precursor cells, and repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) was not detected in the hNT neurons. This deficiency in global genome repair did not appear to be due to denser chromatin structure in hNT neurons. By contrast, CPDs were removed efficiently from both strands of transcribed genes in hNT neurons, with the nontranscribed strand being repaired unexpectedly well. Correlated with these changes in repair during neuronal differentiation were modifications in the expression of several repair genes, in particular an up-regulation of the two structure-specific nucleases XPG and XPF/ERCC1. These results have implications for neuronal dysfunction and aging.
Factors Associated with Jealousy Over Real and Imagined Infidelity: An Examination of the Social-Cognitive and Evolutionary Psychology Perspectives:

Three hundred fifty-eight undergraduates completed anonymous questionnaires regarding jealousy over a mate's infidelity. More men than women predicted that sexual infidelity would be worse than emotional infidelity when given the forced-choice hypothetical measures used in previous work. When some of the implications of hypothetical infidelity were controlled, the gender difference disappeared. One hundred twenty-seven participants reported having actual experience with a mate's infidelity. The two genders did not differ in degree of focus on the sexual versus emotional aspects of a mate's real betrayal. Sexual jealousy was correlated with having a greater number of sexual relationships and, for men but not women, with placing higher importance on sex in dating relationships. The results are discussed from a social-cognitive perspective.
An analysis of thermally activated flow in α iron based on T−τ∗ considerations

Abstract Thermally activated flow in α iron was studied in the low temperature range from 78 to 320°K. A temperature change test was utilized to determine the temperature dependence of τ∗ on individual specimens, the temperature at which τ∗ becomes zero, and absolute values of τ∗. Empirical relations between strain rate, temperature, and effective stress were formulated from the temperature dependence of τ∗. A comparison of these results with data obtained by strain rate change techniques showed excellent correlation. The results of this investigation are compared with those reported by other investigators. It was concluded that the experimental results, as represented by the empirical equations, may approximate the temperature and strain rate sensitivity predicted by several of the theoretical models over a limited range, but that none of the models presently under consideration for the mechanism of thermally activated flow in iron adequately describes the data over the entire range where a thermally activated process is rate controlling.
Teaching digital communications using MC68340 microprocessor

This paper presents a novel way of teaching digital communication through hardware. The course is divided into several phases. In Phase I, students learn to program MC68340, the main programmable hardware of this course. MC68340 is an integrated processor with CPU32, Timer, DMA, Serial and Parallel Ports on an integrated circuit. CPU32 and M68000 have similar programmers models. Phase II introduces the concepts of asynchronous and synchronous communication techniques with several hardware assignments. Phase III is the final phase of this course in which students learn various network architectures. At this stage, students are ready to be introduced to the various layers in the ISO model, viz. application layer, presentation layer, session layer, transport layer, network layer data link layer and physical layer. Students apply the concepts that they have gained thus far to design and implement a simple digital communication network for the laboratory environment.
OR Forum---Homeland Security: From Mathematical Models to Policy Implementation: The 2008 Philip McCord Morse Lecture

This paper is the archival record of the INFORMS Philip McCord Morse Lecture delivered in 2008. It describes the author's research on four topics in homeland security and public health: preparedness and response to a bioterror anthrax attack, preparedness and response to a bioterror attack on the food supply, routes of transmission and infection control for pandemic influenza, and biometrics (e.g., fingerprint matching) to prevent terrorists from entering the country. The paper focuses on the modeling, policy recommendations, and implementation of these recommendations. The author draws lessons about policy implementation from these examples and from examples from his other homeland security work with colleagues, including a bioterror smallpox attack, preventing nuclear weapons from entering the country on a shipping container, preventing nuclear weapons from entering a city, and preventing terrorists from crossing the border between the United States and Mexico.
Making memories stick.

The author examines why some moments become lasting recollections while others just evaporate, which may involve the same processes that shape our brains to begin with. Both long- and short-term memories arise from the connections between neurons, at points of contact called synapses, where one neuron's signal-emitting extension, called an axon, meets any of an adjacent neuron's dozens of signal-receiving fingers, called dendrites. When a short-term memory is created, stimulation of the synapse is enough to temporarily "strengthen," or sensitize, it to subsequent signals. For a long-term memory, the synapse strengthening becomes permanent. Memory researchers have puzzled over how JOURe activity deep in the cell nucleus could govern activities at faraway synapses. How does a JOURe "know" when to strengthen a synapse permanently and when to let a fleeting moment fade unrecorded? And how do the proteins encoded by the JOURe "know" which of thousands of synapses to strengthen? The same questions have implications for understanding fetal brain development, a time when the brain is deciding which synaptic connections to keep and which to discard. In studying that phenomenon, my lab came up with an intriguing solution to one of these mysteries of memory. And just like Dorothy, we realized that the answer was there all the time. INSET: Overview/Hardwiring Memory.
The New Town of Columbia, Maryland

The United States of America has become an urban nation. Since 1920, when a census first showed that more of the population was living in urban than in rural areas, the trend toward urbanization has transformed American life. By 1970, 74% of the population lived in cities of more than 2500; 69% in one of the 243 “standard metropolitan statistical areas” (consisting of a core city of at least 50,000 plus contiguous urbanized counties). These megalopolises—263 as of 1972—for the most part exhibit a now familiar pattern: an inner city of older buildings, high in density, whose shrinking population consists increasingly of the black, the poor, and the old; and a spreading suburban ring, defended by zoning, of low-density housing occupied mainly by middle-class whites, many of whom commute to jobs in the city.1
Highly Active Yttrium Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone and δ-Valerolactone

The activity of several yttrium alkoxide and aryloxide complexes supported by a ferrocene-based ligand incorporating two thiol phenolates, thiolfan (1,1′-bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiomethylenephenoxy)ferrocene), was studied. The tert-butoxide complex could only be isolated in the ate form, while a monophenoxide complex could be obtained for OAr = 2,6-di-tert-butylphenolate. The synthetic utility of these yttrium complexes has been demonstrated by the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters, with a high activity toward e-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone being found for the yttrium phenoxide complex.
The Formulation of a Mathematical Model for Plasticating Screw Extrusion

Abstract The theory of plasticating extrusion has reached the stage where scientific design methods can replace the empirical ones. It is possible today to build a mathematical model comprising the whole plasticating extruder. This model predicts the temperature and pressure profiles along the extruder, the solids content everywhere in the extruder, the total power requirements and even the temperature fluctuations of the extruder. These developments were made possible by the recent mathematical formulation of the melting mechanism in the extruders, by a more accurate formulation of the melt conveying theories and by the availability of high speed digital computers. The development of such a mathematical model is discussed in this paper. The model has been built by a stepwise process of improving existing theories and eliminating critical simplifying assumptions and undue complexities. This has been accomplished by comparing the computer simulated results with their experimental counterparts. The applicat...
Measuring Educators' Perceptions of Their Skills Relative to Response to Intervention: A Psychometric Study of a Survey Tool.

The Perceptions of RtI Skills Survey is a self-report measure that assesses educators’ perceptions of their data-based problem-solving skills—a critical element of many Response-to-Intervention (RtI) models. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the underlying factor structure of this tool. Educators from 68 (n = 2,397) and 60 (n = 1,961) schools in a southeastern state participated during the spring of 2008 and spring of 2010, respectively. Results supported a correlated three-factor model with the following dimensions: Perceptions of RtI Skills Applied to Academic Content, Perceptions of RtI Skills Applied to Behavior Content, and Perceptions of Data Display Skills. Internal consistency estimates for all factors exceeded .90. In addition, significant associations between factor scores and data-based problem-solving fidelity at Tiers I and II were found. Implications for educators facilitating RtI implementation are discussed.
Micromechanical modeling of metal-ceramic composites for high temperature applications

This paper is concerned with the evaluation of the overall temperature-dependent elastic, thermal, and thermo-elastic material properties of metal-ceramic composites for high temperature applications. Effective properties of an aluminum/zirconia composite are obtained using micromechanics models and finite element analysis of representative volume elements (RVEs). RVE microstructures consisting of mono-sized spherical reinforcement particles embedded in a unit cube matrix were generated using a random sequential adsorption algorithm and event driven molecular dynamics simulation. The adopted algorithm allowed generating microstructures with high volume fractions of reinforcement particles up to 61%. Finite element analysis was performed to determine effective properties of the composite over a wide temperature range. The obtained computational results for effective elastic, thermal, and thermal expansion properties are consistent with the known analytical bounds.
Geochronology and Geomorphology of the Pioneer Archaeological Site, Upper Snake River Plain, Idaho, USA

Pioneer is an open-air, stratified, multicomponent archaeological site located in the upper Snake River Plain of southeastern Idaho, USA. Block excavations provided an opportunity to contribute to the Late Quaternary geomorphic history of the Big Lost River drainage and provide geochronological context of archaeological components at the site. The stratigraphic sequence is interpreted as reflecting multiple depositional episodes and five soil-formation periods beginning pre-7200 cal. yr B.P. and lasting to the historic period. The stratigraphic sequence contains an archaeological component dated to ∼3800 cal. yr B.P. and several other components post-800 cal. yr B.P. Major site formation processes include fluvial deposition and erosion, pedogenesis (accumulation of secondary carbonates), and bioturbation. Periods of increased deposition at Pioneer and elsewhere along the Big Lost River are inferred to have occurred between ∼8400–6500 cal. yr B.P. and ∼2700–400 cal. yr B.P., potentially related to cooler/wetter episodes of the mid-to-late Holocene, including increased precipitation during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (post-750 cal. yr B.P.). There is also evidence of a high-energy erosional event at ∼3800 cal. yr B.P. indicating a large middle Holocene flood. Pioneer provides an example of the archaeological and paleoclimatic value of studying alluvial buried soil stratigraphic sequences in arid environments.
The monitoring and analysis of transgenic components in corn and processed food in Shenzhen markets

Objective:An analysis on the change trend,market share and labeling situation of transgenic corn and the processed food in Shenzhen markets was performed.Methods: On the basis of SN/T1204-2003,a total of 233 corn samples and processed food samples were selected for the qualitative detection of genetically modified components and evaluation of market occupancy,labeling,transgenic condition.These samples were collected from the supermarkets and farmer′s markets in Shenzhen respectively in 2004,2011 and 2012.Results: The market shares of transgenic maize and its products in Shenzhen were respectively 1.72%,2.56% and 7.21% in 2004,2011 and 2012.The positive rates for the detection in supermarkets and farmer′s markets did not vary significantly.Conclusion: Until today,the market share of transgenic maize and its processed products in Shenzhen is very low,the market occupancy rate of transgenic maize has no obvious upward trend for 8 years in Shenzhen.
How to cool internet-scale distributed networks on the cheap

Internet-scale Distributed Networks (IDNs) are large distributed systems that comprise hundreds of thousands of servers located in hundreds of data centers around the world. A canonical example of an IDN is a content delivery network (CDN) that delivers content to users from a large global deployment of servers around the world. IDNs consume significant amounts of energy to power their deployed server infrastructure, and nearly as much energy to cool that infrastructure. We study the potential benefits of using two new cooling technologies---open air cooling (OAC) and thermal energy storage (TES)---to reduce the energy usage as well as the operational and capital costs incurred by an IDN for cooling. We develop novel algorithms to incorporate both technologies into the IDN architecture and empirically evaluate their efficacy using extensive work load traces from Akamai's global CDN and global weather data from NOAA. Our results show that both technologies hold great promise for the future sustainability of Internet-scale distributed networks. Our algorithm for power management of TES is provably near-optimal, is the first to incorporate storage efficiency, and is broadly applicable to other storage devices such as batteries.
Space and the Real

Up to now, I have been concerned with the ways in which Lacan, from the 1940s to the beginning of the 1960s, laid the ground for a psychoanalysis predicated on the Real. By showing the place of the Real in the Imaginary and Symbolic, I hope to have begun to show how the concerns of the ‘later Lacan’, who it is sometimes assumed would come to focus on the Real with a resulting subordination of the Imaginary and the Symbolic, were already present in the very earliest of his theoretical texts. More than this however, I hope to have begun to show how determinant the ‘functions’ of the Real — Imaginary antagonism, the material insistence of the signifier, the breakdown of meaning in psychosis generalized as a condition of signification — are to the very totality of Lacanian metapsychology. What follows is an examination of how Lacan came to consolidate these earlier reflections through the sustained spatialization of the Real and of his wider conceptual apparatus.
Free Trade and Trade Protectionism: US-China Relations and Post Brexit Impact on UK-China Relations

On the 2nd October 2016, the United Kingdom’s Prime Minister, Theresa May, announced at the Conservative Party Conference in Birmingham, that Article 50 – the formal process for leaving the European Union, would be triggered by the end of March 2017. This in effect, should facilitate negotiation procedures involved during the two-year period following the triggering of the Article – resulting in the UK leaving the EU by the end of Summer 2019. The Prime Minister also announced that the EU Repeal Bill – which would facilitate the process of making the UK independent again, was to be introduced during the Queen’s Speech. The Repeal of the 1972 Act, it was added, should however, take place after the UK leaves the EU.This article explores the impact increased protectionist measures could have on US-China relations – as well as resulting consequences and dynamics for relations with the United Kingdom. This particularly being the case, in view of recent Brexit results, and the emphasis re-iterated by the UK that it would adopt a less protectionist stance in its bid to forge new relations and strategic partnerships with global partners.(The central theme of this paper – as with other papers published by the author in relation to Free Trade Agreements is namely: That Free Trade Agreements, on their own, are intended to be beneficial to any economy. It ceases to be beneficial for a number of reasons, most notably, when they have been badly negotiated and lacking of essential provisions.Therefore, there should be every opportunity to renegotiate badly negotiated Free Trade Agreements which may have been attributed to previous or present administrations – as well as ensuring that future agreements are not lacking when it comes to essential provisions).
Degrasyn (a novel tyrophostin) Impacts BCR-ABL Protein Level and Is Cytotoxic to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Early Progenitors

Abstract Despite the potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, dasatinib) on mature CML cells these compounds have limited activity on Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) early progenitors (Lin-/CD38−/CD34+). Mechanisms of resistance to these agents in the early progenitor population are poorly understood but are distinct from BCR-ABL mutation induced resistance. Degrasyn (WP1130) was previously shown by our laboratory to inhibit CML cell growth and colony formation. Further structure-activity relationship studies led to the development of a more potent compound, CP2005 (CP). CP displays enhanced activity in suppressing growth and activating apoptosis in various CML and ALL cell lines (IC50 ~1 microM). Here we show that total CD34+ from CML patients are more effectively growth inhibited by CP2005 compared to WP1130. An anti-leukemic effect was also noted in primitive progenitors and was associated with the induction of apoptosis. BaF3 cells expressing an EGFP-tagged BCR-ABL protein treated with CP or WP1130 show that both facilitate translocation of BCR-ABL from the cytoplasm to a detergent insoluble compartment which subsequently leads to degradation of BCR-ABL. We observed that the Akt/mTOR pathway is activated by CP which could be partially suppressed by mTOR or PI3K/Akt inhibition (rapamycin and wortmannin, respectively). CP-induced BCR-ABL translocation was associated with a reduction in the level of tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat3 and Stat5. However, although there is activation of survival signals associated with Akt-signaling 2 microM CP is able to promote significant apoptosis (67%) as a single agent in CML early progenitors. Although imatinib was minimally effective in reducing the early progenitor cell survival, co-incubation of imatinib with CP2005 resulted in near complete induction of apoptosis in early progenitor cells (~ 93%), suggesting that the combined effects of both CP and imatinib on BCR-ABL protein degradation and kinase inhibition markedly impair the survival of CML early progenitors. The combination of BCR-ABL degradation and kinase inhibition may be effective in engaging pro-apoptotic signaling in CML early progenitor cells.
Interaction between regorafenib and warfarin therapy.

651Background: Regorafenib is an oral multi kinase inhibitor with clinical activity in colorectal cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and hepatocellular cancer. Drug- drug interactions are commonly encountered in clinical practice and warfarin continues to be the most commonly prescribed anticoagulant among cancer patients in the clinic. The interaction of regorafenib with warfarin has not been studied. Methods: Patients at a single institution being prescribed regorafenib were identified and charts reviewed for concurrent warfarin therapy. Baseline characteristics, indications for regorafenib and warfarin therapy was determined. Patients were followed up to the first 8 weeks of combination therapy. Results: We identified 6 patients on concurrent regorafenib and warfarin. All patients had refractory colon cancer. Median age was 74, 4 were male and 5 white. Indication for warfarin was venous thromboembolism in 5 and atrial fibrillation in 1. Baseline INR ranged from 1.1 to 2.4. An increase in INR was s...
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS : VII. IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF ANTIGENS PREPARED BY COMBININGalpha- AND beta-GLUCOSIDES OF GLUCOSE WITH PROTEINS.

The chemical and immunological properties of the p-aminophenol alpha- and beta-glucosides of glucose are described and correlated. The results are discussed with reference to their possible bearing on the chemo-immunological nature of the specific polysaccharides of bacterial origin.
Six New Species of Argomuellera (Euphorbiaceae) from Madagascar

Six new species of Madagascan Argomuellera Pax are recognized. Argomuellera bilocularis McPherson is unique in the genus in having a 2-locular ovary; A. gillespieae McPherson, restricted to the Manongarivo Massif, has leaves more than 6 cm wide and pistillate sepals less than 3 mm long; A. integra McPherson, from northern Madagascar, has small leaf blades (4–11 × 1–3.5 cm) with entire margins; A. longistipula McPherson, endemic to the Vohemar Region, has unusually long stipules (2–5[–7] mm); A. oblanceolata McPherson, from western and southwestern Madagascar, has small acuminate leaves with dentate margins; and A. stenophylla McPherson, from southwestern Madagascar, has small, unusually narrow leaves (5–13 × 0.5–1.7[–2] cm). Argomuellera decaryana (Leandri) J. Leonard is relegated to the synonymy of A. perrieri (Leandri) J. Leonard. A key to the 12 Argomuellera species of Madagascar and the Comoro Islands is presented.
Exchange current density of Gd(III)/Gd reaction in LiCl-KCl eutectic and analysis of errors caused by various methods

Abstract Reliable measurement of exchange current density i 0 is important for systems using molten salts as electrolyte or/and coolant. The values of i 0 of Gd(III)/Gd reaction in LiCl-KCl eutectic at different GdCl3 concentrations (1–9 wt%) and temperatures (723–823 K) are reported. The values are determined by optimization fitting method using the non-simplified electrode kinetics equation, and other three commonly used methods including Tafel method, linear polarization (LP) method, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. Results show that significant errors can be introduced by using the three conventional methods in the mass-transfer involved case as they are based on the simplified electrode kinetics equations with an assumption of no mass-transfer effect. The optimization fitting method shows more reliable results but has limitations at 1 wt% Gd concentration. The standard rate constant k 0 values determined by the optimization fitting are 4.93–9.13 × 10−5 cm/s in the studied temperature range and the activation energy is 30.5 kJ/mol.
When Cognitive Decline Becomes Pathology: From Normal Aging to Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract The cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with synaptic dysfunction. In early stages accumulation of Abeta oligomers might damage the synapses while in later stages tau and neurofibrillary pathology will play a key role. It is apparent from this sequence of events that cognitive decline is likely to occur in someone with AD well before the clinical diagnosis can be made with any certainty. Age-related cognitive decline is evident in information processing abilities such as effortful encoding of new information, processing speed, inductive reasoning, and working memory. In AD there is evidence that episodic memory deteriorates rapidly. Identification of the initial cognitive changes of AD can help to reliably detect the disease in its earliest stages and provide a target for treatment. The combined use of neuropsychological assessment and biomarkers of AD may be particularly effective.
The Search for a Service Model of Copyright Best Practices in Academic Libraries

To add to their suite of available copyright services and to create a service model of best practices, the University of Houston Libraries’ newly formed Copyright Team initiated a literature review and performed an environmental scan of peer institutions’ copyright policies and procedures. This article outlines the impetus and results for both studies and offers future considerations.
Performance Study of a Radio-Frequency Field-Penetrable PET Insert for Simultaneous PET/MRI

Hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has risen to the cutting edge of medical imaging technology as it allows simultaneous acquisition of structural, functional, and molecular information of the patient. A PET insert that can be installed into existing MR systems can in principle reduce the cost barriers for an existing MR site to achieve simultaneous PET/MRI compared to procuring an integrated PET+MRI system. The PET insert systems developed so far for PET/MRI require the radio-frequency (RF) transmitter coil to reside inside the PET ring as those PET inserts block the RF fields from the MRI system. Here we report for the first time on the performance of a full-ring brain-sized “RF-penetrable” PET insert we have recently completed. This insert allows the RF fields generated by the built-in body coil to penetrate the PET ring. The PET insert comprises a ring of 16 detector modules employing electro-optical coupled signal transmission and a multiplexing framework based on compressed sensing. Energy resolution, coincidence timing resolution (CTR), photopeak position, and coincidence count rate were acquired outside and inside a 3-Tesla MRI system under simultaneous acquisition to evaluate the impact of MRI on the PET performance. Coincidence count rate performance was evaluated by acquiring a cylinder source with high initial activity decaying over time. Tomographic imaging of two phantoms, a custom 6.5-cm diameter resolution phantom with hot rods of four different sizes (2.8-, 3.2-, 4.2-, and 5.2-mm diameter) and a 3-D Hoffman brain phantom, were performed to evaluate the imaging capability of the PET insert. The energy resolution at 511 keV and CTR acquired by the PET insert were 16.2 ± 0.1% and 5.3 ± 0.1 ns full width at half maximum, respectively, and remained stable during MRI operation except when the echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence was applied. The PET system starts to show saturation in coincidence count rate at 2.76 million photon counts per second. Most of the 2.8-mm diameter hot rods and main features of the 3-D Hoffman brain phantom were resolved by the PET insert, demonstrating its high spatial resolution and capability to image a complex tracer distribution mimicking that seen in the human brain.
Fast Prediction of Runoff Removal of Chemical Pollutants Uniformly Dispersed in a Drainage Basin

A simple model is described for the prediction of the solid→solution transfer of chemical pollutants uniformly dispersed in a drainage basin. The model is based on our recent finding that the mean residence time of such a contaminant is simply proportional to its dimensionless solid/solution distribution coefficient. The proportionality constant is independent of the nature of the chemical and can be assigned a value using a constant flux, naturally occurring radionuclide. Since the model assumes that the removal primarily occurs in the solution phase, it is important to include runoff removal constant in model expressions. A parameter describing downward leaching of chemicals is also included. This is especially important for chemicals with low distribution coefficients. The model is evaluated for the Ottawa River drainage basin using a conservative (90Sr) and a particle-reactive (137Cs) fallout radionuclide the measured long-term (~ 20 yr) terrestrial fluxes of which compare favourably with those inferred from the model. The observed variance between the two values for few years is noted and discussed.
Appendix Multidimensional infinitely divisible variables and processes. Part I: Stable case

Elementary series constructions, involving a Poisson process, are obtained for multi-dimensional stable variables and random functions. Symmetric stable laws are shown to be mixtures of Gaussian laws.
Strictly nonblocking operation of 3-stage Clos switching networks

This paper studies the nonblocking switching operation of 3–stage Clos networks in the multirate environment. In particular, we concentrate on the strictly nonblocking mode of operation of these switching networks. Our analysis determines bounds for the minimum number of middle-stage switches required for strictly nonblocking operation. Several cases of the multirate environment are considered, including discrete and continuous bandwidth multirate traffic. We survey the results already reported in the literature and we extend them for general asymmetrical Clos networks. We also generalize them for the case in which the internal links have higher bandwidth capabilities than the input/output ports. In addition to these extensions, we derive a more general result, which not only provides a tight bound for various multirate cases, but also improves an already existing bound for the case of continuous bandwidth multirate traffic.
Intrahepatic Recurrence Patterns Predict Survival After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases

After resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM), up to 40% of patients will develop intrahepatic recurrence. This study aims to identify patterns of intrahepatic recurrence and their impact on survival after preoperative chemotherapy and CLM resection. A retrospective review was performed of patients developing intrahepatic recurrence after CLM resection following preoperative chemotherapy. Prechemotherapy, preoperative, and postoperative computed tomography scans were reviewed. Recurrences were classified as in situ, de novo, or both in situ and de novo. Median follow-up was 42 months (range 2–144 months). Among 223 patients meeting study criteria, intrahepatic recurrence was identified a median of 9 months after hepatectomy. Isolated de novo or in situ recurrence developed in 105 (47%) and 86 (39%) patients, respectively. Thirty-two patients (14%) developed both in situ and de novo recurrence, which was associated with significantly lower median overall survival of 33 months compared with 49 and 45 months with isolated in situ or de novo recurrence, respectively (p = 0.048). Among 118 patients (53%) who developed in situ recurrence as a component of disease relapse, recurrences resulted from disappearing or missed liver metastases in 47 patients (40%). An intrahepatic recurrence pattern of both in situ and de novo metastases after CLM resection following preoperative chemotherapy predicts significantly worse overall survival compared with isolated in situ or de novo recurrence.
Endoscopic Full-Thickness Defects and Closure Techniques

Gastrointestinal transmural defects are defined as total rupture of the gastrointestinal wall and can be divided into three main categories: perforations, leaks, and fistulas. Due to an increase in the number of therapeutic endoscopic procedures including full-thickness resections and the increase incidence of complications related to bariatric surgeries, there has been an increase in the number of transmural defects seen in clinical practice and the number of non-invasive endoscopic treatment procedures used to treat these defects. The variety of endoscopic approaches and devices, including closure techniques using clips, endoloop, and endoscopic sutures; covering techniques such as the cardiac septal occluder device, luminal stents, and tissue sealants; and drainage techniques including endoscopic vacuum therapy, pigtail, and septotomy with balloon dilation are transforming endoscopy as the first-line approach for therapy of these conditions. In this review, we describe the various transmural defects and the endoscopic techniques and devices used in their closure.
Testimony of Gail Heriot, Member, U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Before the Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. Senate, the 50th Anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of the 1957 and Its Continuing Importance (September 5, 2007)

On September 5, 2007, the author testified before the Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. Senate about the 50th anniversary of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 is known mainly for the two civil rights building blocks it created — the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights and the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice. Those two institutions in turn created the foundation for the civil rights legislation of the 1960s.
A Diffusion-Based Solution Technique for Certain Schrödinger Equation Dynamical Systems

A particular class of Schrodinger initial value problems is considered, wherein a particle moves in a scalar field centered at the origin, and more specifically, the distribution associated to the solution of the Schrodinger equation has negligible mass in the neighborhood of the origin. The Schrodinger equation is converted to a stochastic control problem using the Maslov dequantization transform. A non-inertial frame centered along the trajectory of a classical particle is employed. A solution approximation as a series expansion in a small parameter is obtained through the use of complex-valued diffusion-process representations, where under a smoothness assumption, the expansion converges to the true solution. In the case of an expansion up through only the cubic terms in the space variable, there exist approximate solutions that are periodic with the period of a classical particle, but with an additional secular perturbation. The computations required for solution up to a finite order are purely analytical.
Radiation-induced tumor immunity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background Radiation-induced tumor immunity (RITI) influences primary tumor growth and development of metastases in preclinical cancer models with conventional radiotherapy. Antigen-specific immune responses have also been shown for prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy. We examined whether RITI can be induced in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following proton radiotherapy. Methods Pre- and post-radiotherapy plasma samples from 26 patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC who received radiotherapy between 2010 and 2012 were evaluated by western blotting for IgG and IgM bands to assess RITI response to tumor antigens from lung cancer cell lines. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate any correlation among IgG or IgM and clinical outcomes. Results Twenty-one patients received proton therapy at 2 GyRBE/fraction (n = 17) or 6-12 Gy/fraction (n = 4); five received photon therapy at 2-2.5 GyRBE/fraction. Compared with the pretreatment baseline, new IgG or IgM binding was detected in 27% and 50% of patients, respectively. New IgG bands were detected in the 25-37 kD, 50-75 kD, and 75-100 kD ranges. New IgM bands were detected in the 20-25 kD, 25-37 kD, 37-50 kD, 50-75 kD, and 75-100 kD ranges. There was no difference in IgG and/or IgM RITI response in patients treated with photons versus protons, or in patients who received SBRT compared to standard fractionation (P > 0.05). There was no difference in overall survival, metastasis-free survival, or local control based on IgG and/or IgM RITI response (P > 0.05). Conclusion RITI can be induced in patients with NSCLC through upregulated IgG and/or IgM. RITI response was not associated with proton versus photon therapy or with clinical outcomes in this small cohort and should be examined in a larger cohort in future studies.