cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioural responses of larvae of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), to host plant volatile blends attractive to adults.

Abstract 1 Orientation of second- and fourth-instar Colorado potato beetle (CPB) Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), to volatiles emitted from a solanaceous host, potato, and seven synthetic blends or three individual chemicals emitted by potato plants were investigated in laboratory bioassays. 2 Both second- and fourth-instar CPB were attracted to intact and mechanically damaged (MD) potato foliage. When offered a choice between intact and MD foliage, no preference was observed. 3 Among seven synthetic blends tested (of which six are attractive to adult CPB), second- and fourth-instar CPB were attracted only to a single three-component blend comprising (±)-linalool, methyl salicylate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Individual compounds and two-component blends were inactive. No significant difference was noted between larval responses to the attractive synthetic blend vs. MD potato foliage. 4 Second-and fourth-instar larvae had similar thresholds for behaviour for the three-component blend (50 µg source load). Female CPB were attracted to source loads 10× below the larval threshold (5 µg). Male CPB were the most sensitive life form tested with a behavioural threshold at 0.5 µg source load which was 10× and 100× below female and larval thresholds, respectively 5 This is the first report of a synthetic chemical attractant for CPB larvae. As both larval and adult CPB are attracted to a single chemical blend, the usefulness of the attractant as a component of an attracticide or ‘push-pull’ strategies for management of pestiferous populations is enhanced.
Detecting Hardware Trojans in Unspecified Functionality Using Mutation Testing

Existing functional Trojan detection methodologies assume Trojans violate the design specification under carefully crafted rare triggering conditions. We present a new type of Trojan that leaks secret information from the design by only modifying unspecified functionality, meaning the Trojan is no longer restricted to being active only under rare conditions. We provide a method based on mutation testing for detecting this new Trojan type along with mutant ranking heuristics to prioritize analysis of the most dangerous functionality. Applying our method to a UART controller design, we discover unspecified and untested bus functionality with the potential to leak 32 bits of information during hundreds of cycles without being detected! Our method also reveals poorly tested interrupt functionality with information leakage potential. After modifying the specification and test bench to remove the discovered vulnerabilities, we close the verification loop by re-analyzing the design using our methodology and observe the functionality is no longer flagged as dangerous.
Cross-protection between avian, porcine, and bovine strains of Pasteurella multocida in the mouse

Abstract Comparisons of the histopathology of pasteurellosis in mice were made after exposure to 4 strains of Pasteurella multocida, each strain representing a different capsular serotype and host specificity. Major differences in histopathology did not occur. The cardinal lesion in mice was formation of multiple thrombi in the central hepatic veins. Vaccines prepared from the tissues of mice dying of acute pasteurellosis provided varying degrees of cross-protection in mice against heterologous serotype challenge. Complete homologous protection against challenge occurred with each serotype. Complete cross-protection occurred with 2 haemorrhagic septicaemia strains of differing capsular serotype.
Iron chlorosis caused by MgCO3

Abstract Plants wore grown in several experiments in which MgCO3 had been incorporated into soil. The MgCO3 with its high soil pH resulted in plants with Fe deficiency and this was partly overcome with Fe chelates. The disorder was also associated with low P and high Mg. When these problems were corrected, response to Fe chelates was more certain. Soil application of MgCO3 was inhibitory of growth and Fe uptake in both Hawkeye and PI54619–5–1 soybeans (Glycine max L.). Agricultural dolomite gave somewhat similar but slightly different response than MgCO3.
Sharper orientation tuning of the extraclassical suppressive-surround due to a neuron's location in the V1 orientation map emerges late in time.

Abstract Neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) can be suppressed by a stimulus presented to the extraclassical surround, and such interactions are thought to be critical for figure ground segregation and form perception. While surround suppression likely originates from both feedforward afferents and multiple cortical circuits, it is unclear what role each circuit plays in the surround’s orientation tuning. To investigate this we recorded from single units in V1 of anesthetized cat and analyzed the orientation tuning of the suppressive-surround over time. In addition, based on orientation maps derived through optical imaging prior to recording, neurons were classified as being located in domains or pinwheels. For both types of neurons, shortly after response onset (10 ms) the suppressive-surround is broadly tuned to orientation, but this is followed by a steep improvement in tuning over the next ∼30 ms. While the tuning of the pinwheel cells plateaus at this point, tuning is enhanced further for domain cells, especially those located superficially in the cortex, reaching a peak at 80 ms from response onset. This relatively slow evolution of the orientation tuning of the suppressive surround suggests that fast-arriving feedforward circuits (10 ms) likely only provide broadly tuned suppression, but that feedback from higher visual areas which is likely to arrive over the next 30 ms and can cover both the receptive field center and the extraclassical surround contributes to the initial steep rise in tuning for both cell types. Moreover, we speculate that the even later enhancement in tuning for domain neurons could mean the involvement of inputs from relatively long-range lateral connections, which not only propagate slowly but also link like-oriented domains corresponding to the receptive field of only the extraclassical surround.
Discovering gene functional relationships using FAUN (Feature Annotation Using Nonnegative matrix factorization)

Searching the enormous amount of information available in biomedical literature to extract novel functional relationships among genes remains a challenge in the field of bioinformatics. While numerous (software) tools have been developed to extract and identify gene relationships from biological databases, few effectively deal with extracting new (or implied) gene relationships, a process which is useful in interpretation of discovery-oriented genome-wide experiments. In this study, we develop a Web-based bioinformatics software environment called FAUN or Feature Annotation Using Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) to facilitate both the discovery and classification of functional relationships among genes. Both the computational complexity and parameterization of NMF for processing gene sets are discussed. FAUN is tested on three manually constructed gene document collections. Its utility and performance as a knowledge discovery tool is demonstrated using a set of genes associated with Autism. FAUN not only assists researchers to use biomedical literature efficiently, but also provides utilities for knowledge discovery. This Web-based software environment may be useful for the validation and analysis of functional associations in gene subsets identified by high-throughput experiments.
Practical Production Work within an Integrated English and Media Curriculum: Acquisition of Theory or Creative Exploration?.

This is an account of an action research project carried out, in the summer of 1999, in a secondary school in Devon. My aim was to investigate ways of introducing media theory into the GCSE practical production module in Media Studies. I did this specifically with notions of audience in mind -an area, which I was aware, had been problematic in my teaching before then.
Control of Systems With Hysteresis Via Servocompensation and Its Application to Nanopositioning

Partly motivated by nanopositioning applications in scanning probe microscopy systems, we consider the problem of tracking periodic signals for a class of systems consisting of linear dynamics preceded by a hysteresis operator, where uncertainties exist in both the dynamics and the hysteresis. A robustified servocompensator is proposed, in combination with an approximate hysteresis inverse, to achieve high-precision tracking. The servocompensator accommodates the internal model of the reference signal and a finite number of harmonic terms. Using a Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) operator for modeling hysteresis, we show that the closed-loop system admits a unique and asymptotically stable periodic solution, which justifies treating the inversion error as an exogenous periodic disturbance. Consequently, the asymptotic tracking error can be made arbitrarily small as the servocompensator accommodates a sufficient number of harmonic terms. The analysis is further extended to the case where the hysteresis is modeled by a modified PI operator. Experiments on a commercial nanopositioner show that, with the proposed method, tracking can be achieved for a 200-Hz reference signal with 0.52% mean error and 1.5% peak error, for a travel range of 40 μm. The performance of the proposed method in tracking both sinusoidal and sawtooth signals does not fall off with increasing frequency as fast as the proportional-integral controller and the iterative learning controller, both adopted in this paper for comparison purposes. Further, the proposed controller shows excellent robustness to loading conditions.
Uniform Hausdorff strong uniqueness

Abstract For a linear subspace M of a normed linear space X and x ϵ X , let P M ( x ) be the set of all best approximations to x from M . We study the subspaces M such that P M is uniformly Hausdorff strongly unique. The 1 1 2 -ball property implies uniform Hausdorff strong uniqueness, but the converse is false. We obtain that, if P M is uniformly Hausdorff strongly unique, then P M is Lipschitz continuous. When M is a hyperplane, P M is Hausdorff strongly unique for some x ϵ XβM if and only if P M is uniformly Hausdorff strongly unique. In C [ a , b ], P M is uniformly Hausdorff strongly unique if and only if M is one dimensional and Chebyshev.
Cytokeratins of the bovine hoof: classification and studies on expression.

Abstract The bovine hoof has been examined as a model for the study of keratinized skin appendages. We characterized the keratin polypeptides of hoof and matrix and compared them to epidermis using two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblot techniques. Both hoof tissues express keratins 6 and 16 (as described by Franke et al. (1981) J. Mol. Biol. 153, 933–959) and b2 and a1–4 which are previously undescribed proteins unique of the bovine hoof. Keratins of hoof matrix and bed share one or more common antigenic components as defined by immunoblot analysis. Hoof matrix expresses keratins 7 and 14, which are absent in hoof bed, and also expresses a greater number of isoelectric variants of keratin 6. Biopsies of hoof bed and matrix transplanted onto athymic mice both made hard hoof and underwent active keratin synthesis as evidenced by incorporation of [3H]leucine, Indirect immunofluorescence studies of the grafts showed that they had the histology and immunoreactivity previously noted for hoof bed and matrix. The two-dimensional gel electrophoretic patterns of both grafts were similar and expressed keratins b2 and a1–4. We conclude that a unique group of keratins exists in hoof. Furthermore, while hoof matrix is the major contributor to hard hoof, hoof bed epidermis maintains the capacity to make bard hoof and may contribute to the synthesis to the hoof plate in vivo. The ability to graft hoofs onto athymic mice provides an oppotunity for the study of a number of aspects of hoof formation.
Insecticide Resistance in the Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on the Eastern Shore of Virginia

A filter paper technique for larvae and a dip technique for adults were two bioassay methods used to determine insecticide susceptibility in populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Bioassay results indicated a wide variation in Colorado potato beetle insecticide susceptibility among sample sites. LC50 values were generally highest from specimens collected in fields that received frequent insecticide applications for > 10 consecutive growing seasons. Larvae from all but one sample site were more resistant to all insecticides tested than larvae from a susceptible colony. Larvae exhibited least susceptibility to azinphosmethyl and greatest susceptibility to fenvalerate. Lower LC50 values obtained from Colorado potato beetle in southern sample sites indicated that insecticide resistance was not as severe in earlier-planted fields. Differences in LC50 ranking among fields between larvae and adults indicated a differential susceptibility to insecticides between life stages. The filter paper method may be most suitable for on-farm use because of lower variability in LC50 estimates and reduced time cost compared with the dip technique.
K X-ray yield of sulfur in H2S and SF6 from photoionization

Abstract The absolute ratio of the K X-ray yield of sulfur in H 2 S and SF 6 has been measured to be 0.99±0.02 in an experiment where the inner-shell vacancy is produced by photoionization of the gas by an Fe-55 radioactive source. This result indicates that the difference in K X-ray yield observed by Quarles and Estep in electron bombardment of the gases cannot be attributed to a variation in the fluorescence yield.
Structural and left ventricular histologic changes after implantable LVAD insertion

Long-term support on the implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) produces structural changes in the recipient's heart. To assess the possibility of heart "recovery" we reviewed the records of 19 HeartMate LVAD recipients to determine structural and left ventricular histologic changes during LVAD support. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic studies were performed in the operating room before LVAD insertion, immediately after LVAD insertion, and at explantation and heart transplantation (mean duration of support, 76 +/- 34 days). The initiation of LVAD pumping led to an immediate decrease (p < 0.001) in left ventricular dimensions, which were not significantly different by the time of device explantation. Left ventricular fractional shortening did not significantly improve during LVAD support (0.07 +/- 0.03 before LVAD; 0.11 +/- 0.10 immediately after LVAD; 0.11 +/- 0.11 before explantation). Histologic specimens showed a significant reduction in the number of wavy fibers, and contraction band necrosis (p < 0.01), both markers of acute myocyte damage. However, myocardial fibrosis increased (p < 0.05). Myocyte diameter increased slightly (p = 0.07). We conclude that implantable LVAD support is associated with immediate changes in ventricular structure. Histologic markers of acute myocyte damage improve, but fibrosis increases. Because the structural changes occur immediately, they do not indicate "recovery" of left ventricular function, but merely changes in loading conditions.
Effect of water turbidity on thermal performance of a salt-gradient solar pond

Abstract The effect of water turbidity on the thermal performance of a salt-gradient solar pond is studied using a one-dimensional theoretical model. The theoretical model uses an empirical correlation that includes the effect of water turbidity on solar radiation penetration in water. The correlation is based on a uniform turbidity distribution in water; however, the correlation is extended to include a non-uniform turbidity distribution with respect to depth of water. The results indicate that water clarity plays a significant role on thermal performance for salt gradient solar ponds.
Bottles of water on the road: Material symbols of an Argentine popular saint's cult

Abstract Roadside niches laden with bottles of water and discarded automobile and truck tires are the material manifestations of the popular religious cult to La Difunta Correa, a regional popular saint ( santo popular ) in northwestern Argentina whose fame and miraculous powers spread nationally during the turbulent 70s. After a general discussion of popular religious cults in Argentina and a summary of the narratives of the life and death of La Difunta Correa, the paper examines how the material symbols of the cult to this maternal figure are evocative of an inseparable from the oral tradition they represent, demonstrative of the geographic spread of the legend and its attendant beliefs and suggestive of a national symbol of hope during periods of social and political unrest.
Eliminating thermal violin spikes from LIGO noise

We have developed a scheme for reducing LIGO suspension thermal noise close to violin-mode resonances. The idea is to monitor directly the thermally induced motion of a small portion of (a 'point' on) each suspension fiber, thereby recording the random forces driving the test-mass motion close to each violin-mode frequency. One can then suppress the thermal noise by optimally subtracting the recorded fiber motions from the measured motion of the test mass, i.e., from the LIGO output. The proposed method is a modification of an analogous but more technically difficult scheme by Braginsky, Levin and Vyatchanin for reducing broad-band suspension thermal noise. The efficiency of our method is limited by the sensitivity of the sensor used to monitor the fiber motion. If the sensor has no intrinsic noise (i.e. has unlimited sensitivity), then our method allows, in principle, a complete removal of violin spikes from the thermal-noise spectrum. We find that in LIGO-II interferometers, in order to suppress violin spikes below the shot-noise level, the intrinsic noise of the sensor must be less than {approx}2 x 10{sup -13} cm/Hz. This sensitivity is two orders of magnitude greater than that of currently available sensors.
Microfabrication of two layer structures of electrically isolated wires using self-assembly to guide the deposition of insulating organic polymer

Abstract The fabrication of two layer structures of electrically isolated wire — crossed wire structures and a surface coil inductor — is described. The fabrication process utilizes the tools of soft lithography and incorporates two levels of self-assembly. The use of microcontact printing and patterned self-assembly of liquid polymers removes the need for registration of the insulating layer with the underlying layer as required in conventional lithography techniques. The performance characteristics of the surface coil inductor are measured and closely resemble those predicted by theory.
Bayesian consensus clustering.

Motivation: In biomedical research a growing number of platforms and technologies are used to measure diverse but related information, and the task of clustering a set of objects based on multiple sources of data arises in several applications. Most current approaches to multisource clustering either independently determine a separate clustering for each data source or determine a single ‘joint’ clustering for all data sources. There is a need for more flexible approaches that simultaneously model the dependence and the heterogeneity of the data sources. Results: We propose an integrative statistical model that permits a separate clustering of the objects for each data source. These separate clusterings adhere loosely to an overall consensus clustering, and hence they are not independent. We describe a computationally scalable Bayesian framework for simultaneous estimation of both the consensus clustering and the source-specific clusterings. We demonstrate that this flexible approach is more robust than joint clustering of all data sources, and is more powerful than clustering each data source independently. We present an application to subtype identification of breast cancer tumor samples using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Availability: R code with instructions and examples is available at
Architecture-based reliability analysis of web services in multilayer environment

The reliability analysis of web services is often focused on the web service components, ignoring the impact of the middleware located beneath the web services. A service-based software system is a multilayered system that includes the web service (WS), shared resources, and the hosting application server (AS). It is conjectured that the reliability prediction of the web services is improved if the reliability model accounts for such underlying layers. The initial experiment illustrates that the AS and shared resources can impact the overall reliability of web services greatly. This observation is demonstrated by simulating the interaction between a web service and the AS.
The degree of attenuation of tick-borne encephalitis virus depends on the cumulative effects of point mutations

An infectious clone (pGGVs) of the tick-borne encephalitis complex virus Vasilchenko (Vs) was constructed previously. Virus recovered from pGGVs produced slightly smaller plaques than the Vs parental virus. Sequence analysis demonstrated five nucleotide differences between the original Vs virus and pGGVs; four of these mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions, while the fifth mutation was located in the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR). Two mutations were located in conserved regions and three mutations were located in variable regions of the virus genome. Reverse substitutions from the conserved regions of the genome, R496→H in the envelope (E) gene and C10884→T in the 3′UTR, were introduced both separately and together into the infectious clone and their biological effect on virus phenotype was evaluated. The engineered viruses with R496 in the E protein produced plaques of smaller size than viruses with H496 at this position. This mutation also affected the growth and neuroinvasiveness of the virus. In contrast, the consequence of a T10884→C substitution within the 3′UTR was noticeable only in cytotoxicity and neuroinvasiveness tests. However, all virus mutants engineered by modification of the infectious clone, including one with two wild-type mutations, H496 and T10884, showed reduced neuroinvasiveness in comparison with the Vs parental virus. Therefore, although the H496→R and T10884→C substitutions clearly reduce virus virulence, the other mutations within the variable regions of the capsid (I45→F) and the NS5 (T2688→A and M3385→I) genes also contribute to the process of attenuation. In terms of developing flavivirus vaccines, the impact of accumulating apparently minor mutations should be assessed in detail.
Semantic framework for free-form search of Grid resources and services

If the model of free-form queries, which has proved successful for HTML-based search on the Web, is made available for grid services, it will serve as a powerful tool for scientists to retrieve information on resources, monitoring data, replica location sets, and meta-data on scientific data sets, etc., in an intuitive manner. To enable this vision, there is a critical need to design and develop tools that abstract away the fundamental complexity of XML-based grid specifications and toolkits, and provide an elegant, simple, and powerful free-form query-based invocation system to end users. Current implementations of XML-based grid service descriptions require end users to have intimate knowledge of service descriptions, related toolkits, and query languages. We present the design, implementation, and performance analysis of our ontological framework that employs matching algorithms, automated extension of ontologies, and optimizations to match free-form user queries with corresponding operations in grid services and resource information stored in RDF/OWL format. Our system uses Semantic Web concepts, ontologies, and lexical tools to automate discovery and matchmaking of grid services and resource information. We quantify the performance improvements due to knowledge acquisition and extension of ontology files with each missed query, and present precision and recall studies to measure the accuracy of the free-form search.
Water and the Oxidation State of Subduction Zone Magmas

Mantle oxygen fugacity exerts a primary control on mass exchange between Earth’s surface and interior at subduction zones, but the major factors controlling mantle oxygen fugacity (such as volatiles and phase assemblages) and how tectonic cycles drive its secular evolution are still debated. We present integrated measurements of redox-sensitive ratios of oxidized iron to total iron (Fe 3+ /ΣFe), determined with Fe K-edge micro–x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, and pre-eruptive magmatic H 2 O contents of a global sampling of primitive undegassed basaltic glasses and melt inclusions covering a range of plate tectonic settings. Magmatic Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios increase toward subduction zones (at ridges, 0.13 to 0.17; at back arcs, 0.15 to 0.19; and at arcs, 0.18 to 0.32) and correlate linearly with H 2 O content and element tracers of slab-derived fluids. These observations indicate a direct link between mass transfer from the subducted plate and oxidation of the mantle wedge.
Gastrointestinal malignancies: radiologic staging and follow-up.

This section discusses only the radiologic staging and follow-up of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, colorectal carcinoma, and malignant tumors of the liver. Limited space does not permit discussion of other gastrointestinal malignancies; also, radiologic evaluation has been most successful with the above three types of tumors. Detection of esophageal and colorectal tumors will not be discussed as the detection methods, barium studies and endoscopy , are not effective staging modalities. The successes and failures of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) for staging the three types of malignancies are highlighted. CT and MRI can not stage GI tumors using the standard TNM (1) (Tumor-Node-Metastasis) system because they are limited in their ability to determine accurately the depth of bowel wall penetration, the T component of the system. Also, accurate determination of metastases in lymph nodes, the N criterion, is beyond the capability of these two techniques. Local invasion and distant metastases can be detected accurately. Transluminal ultrasound is discussed as it has been shown to be more accurate than CT and MRI for determining the depth of tumor extension in both the esophagus and rectum.
Implementing Semipermanent High-Mast Lighting for Highway Construction Projects

Semipermanent, high-mast pole-mounted lighting for nighttime road work construction and maintenance was implemented based on an installation along Interstate 90 in Albany, New York. The high-mast lighting system met state lighting performance specifications. There were no recorded accidents at the site during the construction period. Although that result is largely attributable to roadway closures allowed during part of the project, consensus of the contractor and transportation agency is that the lighting increased safety. The cost of the high-mast lighting system was approximately 16% higher than the estimated cost of the portable light towers. Despite the higher estimated cost of the high-mast lighting system, the economic and societal benefits seem considerable in this particular location, an urban, heavily traveled throughway. In particular, this lighting method probably shortened the time required for the construction, reducing the amount of risk to workers and drivers and reducing traffic delays fo...
The apoptotic engulfment protein Ced-6 participates in clathrin-mediated yolk uptake in Drosophila egg chambers

During oogenesis in Drosophila, the phagocytic engulfment protein Ced-6 recognizes the atypical endocytic sorting signal within the vitellogenin receptor Yolkless. Because Ced-6 displays all of the...
Building on the ideas of others: An examination of the idea combination process

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to explore the process of building on ideas in brainstorming. Although this is presumed to be an important role of brainstorming, this has never been explored experimentally. In one experiment individual and group brainstormers generated ideas which were subsequently presented to these same individuals and groups to combine and build on for additional ideas, either as groups or individuals. The combination process was influenced by whether the participants had previously brainstormed alone or in groups and the phase of the combination period (early vs. late). In a second study participants were presented lists of rare or common ideas to combine and build on either as individuals or groups. Although groups generated fewer combinations than nominal groups, they generated more novel and feasible combinations when combining rare ideas. These findings indicate that groups are able to benefit from the exchange process in building on each other's ideas and are interpreted in the context of past research on idea generation and evaluation in groups.
Comparison of current meters in a tidally dominated flow

Three current meters, a Nell Brown ACM-2, an Interocean S4, and an Aanderaa RCM-4, are compared over a sixteen day interval in a strong tidal environment. The sensor elements of all the instruments were within a two meter length on a single subsurface, taut-wire mooring. All three instruments performed satisfactorily. The response of the ACM-2 and the S4 are nearly identical, while the RCM reflects a poor response to low-energy forcing. The RCM proved adequate for investigating long term, low frequency processes in Puget Sound. A question, however, arises concerning the calibration among the instruments.
The developmental genetics of polymorphism in the rotifer Asplanchna. II. A method for quantitative analysis of changes in morphogenesis induced by vitamin E, and the short‐term inheritance of the effects of vitamin E

Amictic female Asplanchna sieboldi, reproducing asexually by diploid parthenogenesis, are predominantly saccate in form when fed paramecia. The addition of vitamin E to their diet causes their female offspring to develop regular outgrowths of the body wall, or humps. A continuous spectrum of intermediate forms connects the saccate (S) and fully humped (H) morphotypes. We have shown that this response can be studied quantitatively with the use of an ordinal scale for measuring the degree of hump development: five morphotypes are distinguished and assigned scores (S = 1; I1 = 2; I2 = 3; I3 = 4; H = 5). The response of embryos to exogenous vitamin E, measured with this scale, is proportional to the amount of vitamin E in the diet of their saccate parents. When vitamin E is removed from the diet of humped females, offspring with humps continue to be produced for up to five generations, with a gradual decline in morphotypic score. This short-term inheritance of an environmentally-induced trait can be explained by the passive transmission from parent to daughter of a stable endogenous inducer, which may be vitamin E itself. However, the relationship between the magnitude of the response and the concentration of this hypothetical inducer is not a simple one. For example, when females are fed vitamin E for one generation, the mean score of the granddaughters is greater than that of their daughters, which received no additional exogenous vitamin E. The same considerations apply to the inheritance of increased nuclear number in certain organs of A. brightwelli, which is another response to increased levels of dietary vitamin E.
EOSINOPHILIC CYSTITIS IN ADULTS

Purpose: We describe the largest clinical experience with the diagnosis and management of largely anecdotally reported eosinophilic cystitis.Materials and Methods: Five women and 12 men 18 to 84 years with proved eosinophilic cystitis were treated in a 23-year period. Some combination of hematuria, irritative voiding, dysuria and suprapubic pain was present in 14 cases (82%). The remaining 3 patients (18%) were asymptomatic and the diagnosis was made by cystoscopy done because of a history of bladder carcinoma. Available data included no peripheral eosinophilia in 10 of 10 patients studied, pyuria in 12 (92%), microhematuria in 11 of 13 (84%), sterile urine in all 17, abnormal urine cytology in 2 of 17 (12%), bilateral hydronephrosis in 1 and a bladder mass or thickening in 2. Cystoscopy showed erythema in all cases and tumor-like lesions or edema in 3 (17.6%). Histological studies revealed eosinophilic cystitis in all 17 patients, while in 1 with no history of bladder carcinoma eosinophilic cystitis coex...
A genetic analysis of targeted growth in mice

ABSTRACT Effects of normal growth regulation on components of phenotypic variance and covariance of body weight were examined in a cross-fostering study of growth between 2 and 10 wk of age in ICR randombred mice. Different early growth rates caused genetic, postnatal maternal and residual environmental variances to increase, but these variances were subsequently reduced by negative autocorrelation between early and later growth. Postnatal maternal variance continued to increase for about 1 wk after weaning but then decreased substantially. Genetic variance caused by preweaning growth followed a pattern of increase and decrease very similar to that of postnatal maternal variance, but this pattern was masked by new genetic variance. Normal growth regulation affects the magnitudes of genetic variances and serial autocorrelations. The timing of these changes suggests that regulation of cell numbers reduces variance near the end of exponential growth, but this may be obscured by subsequent increase in cell size. In contrast with earlier studies, we find that targeted growth reduces both genetically and environmentally determined differences among early growth trajectories. Final size may be determined by an antagonistic balance between early growth rate and age at initiation of puberty.
Bispecific antibodies engage T cells for antitumor immunotherapy

Introduction: Although considerable evidence supports the hypothesis that T cells play a critical role in the immune response against cancer, the ability to mount and sustain tumor-specific cellular responses in vivo remains a challenge. A strategy that harnesses the cytotoxic advantage of T cell therapy is the use of bispecific antibodies designed to engage and activate endogenous polyclonal T cell populations via the CD3 complex, but only in the presence of a tumor antigen. While antibody constructs with dual specificity were first described as anticancer therapeutics over 25 years ago, it was not until recently that one subclass of bispecific single-chain antibody, the bispecific T cell engager (BiTE), emerged as superior to previous iterations in achieving efficacy in animal models and early clinical trials. Areas covered: The evolution of bispecific antibodies in antitumor immunotherapy is reviewed and the greatest hurdles impeding their clinical translation are discussed, specifically in the context...
Dangerous Desires: Television and Erotics in Late Twentieth-Century India

DURING THE 1990s, THE INDIAN PUBLIC SPHERE witnessed a proliferation of representations of erotics.' Some of the eruption of the erotic into the public has been attributed to the expansion of transnational public culture, in particular the images, texts, and commodities flooding India after the liberalization of the economy. It has also been attributed to the advent of transnational satellite television-and here I refer not only to "imported" shows such as The Bold and the Beautiful and Santa Barbara but, more importantly, to soap operas, films, and talk shows produced specifically for viewers in India and its diasporas and beamed via transnational satellite networks such
The F-box protein Slmb restricts the activity of aPKC to polarize epithelial cells

The Par-3/Par-6/aPKC complex is the primary determinant of apical polarity in epithelia across animal species, but how the activity of this complex is restricted to allow polarization of the basolateral domain is less well understood. In Drosophila, several multiprotein modules antagonize the Par complex through a variety of means. Here we identify a new mechanism involving regulated protein degradation. Strong mutations in supernumerary limbs (slmb), which encodes the substrate adaptor of an SCF-class E3 ubiquitin ligase, cause dramatic loss of polarity in imaginal discs accompanied by tumorous proliferation defects. Slmb function is required to restrain apical aPKC activity in a manner that is independent of endolysosomal trafficking and parallel to the Scribble module of junctional scaffolding proteins. The involvement of the Slmb E3 ligase in epithelial polarity, specifically limiting Par complex activity to distinguish the basolateral domain, points to parallels with polarization of the C. elegans zygote.
Family Obligation Across Contexts Hispanic Youth in North Carolina and Southern California

Over the past decade, the Hispanic population has grown in areas with little to no history of recent immigration. Prior research comparing Hispanics in new and established destinations has chiefly focused on differences in socioeconomic indicators of assimilation. Our paper departs from this work by shifting the focus to sociocultural outcomes. Specifically, we use data from Los Angeles and North Carolina to examine differences in the strength of family obligation (N=552). We find that demographic characteristics explain all of the geographic difference in family obligation between these locations. However, we also find that co-ethnic concentration is positively correlated with adolescents' endorsement of future family support, once ethnic identity is included in the analysis.
Evaluating a conversation-centered interactive drama

There is a growing interest in developing technologies for creating interactive dramas [13, 22]. Evaluating them, however, remains an open research problem. In this paper, we present a method for evaluating the technical and design approaches employed in a conversation-centered interactive drama. This method correlates players' subjective experience during conversational breakdowns, captured using retrospective protocols, with the corresponding AI processing in the input language understanding and dialog management subsystems. The methodology is employed to analyze conversation breakdowns in the interactive drama Facade. We find that the narrative cues offered by an interactive drama, coupled with believable character performance, can allow players to interpretively bridge system limitations and avoid experiencing a conversation breakdown. Further, we find that, contrary to standard practice for task-oriented conversation systems, using shallowly understood information as part of the system output hampers the player experience in an interactive drama.
Transduction of compressive stress by bronchial epithelium

The epithelial lining of the asthmatic airway is exposed to compressive stress as a consequence of smooth muscle constriction. We have shown previously that in vitro compression of bronchial epithelial cells stimulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and downstream gene expression. Here we show that inhibition of signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (AG1478) or a neutralizing antibody to the ligand-binding domain of the EGFR blocks compression-induced ERK phosphorylation. A metalloprotease inhibitor (Galardin) and a neutralizing antibody to heparin binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), but not EGF, also attenuates the compression-induced ERK activation. Our results demonstrate that compressive activation of the ERK signaling pathway requires signaling through the EGFR, and involves metalloprotease-dependent shedding of HB-EGF.
Slow neutron scattering experiments.

Neutron scattering is a versatile technique that has been successfully applied to condensed-matter physics, biology, polymer science, chemistry, and materials science. The United States lost its leadership role in this field to Western Europe about 10 years ago. Recently, a modest investment in the United States in new facilities and a positive attitude on the part of the national laboratories toward outside users have resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of U.S. scientists involved in neutron scattering research. Plans are being made for investments in new and improved facilities that could return the leadership role to the United States.
Childhood obesity and low-velocity knee dislocation in a fifteen-year-old girl: a case report.

According to the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), an estimated 17% of children and adolescents between the ages of two and nineteen years are overweight1. The survey data indicated that there was an increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in the United States during the years 1976 through 1980 and the years 1999 through 2000. Among two-year-olds to five-year-olds, the percentage has increased from 5% to 10.4%, and among six-year-olds to eleven-year-olds, from 6.5% to 19.6%1. The comorbidities often associated with obesity include diabetes, atherosclerosis, sleep apnea, and coronary artery disease. Musculoskeletal injuries are less often associated with obesity. Minor trauma in overweight individuals can cause serious injuries similar to those caused by high-velocity accidents, with the most notable injury being knee dislocation2. These injuries have been documented mostly in obese adults; however, to our knowledge, the youngest person to have sustained a low-velocity knee dislocation was a nineteen-year-old3. In this report, we document a fifteen-year-old obese girl who sustained a knee dislocation with serious complications due to a ground-level fall. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient with this injury to be reported in the literature. The patient and her parents were informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and they consented. A fifteen-year-old obese girl (weight, 113 kg; height, 167 cm; body-mass index, 40.5 kg/m2) injured her right knee after falling over a friend’s leg while playing at school. On initial evaluation at an outside institution, she was noted to have posterior dislocation of the right knee (Figs. 1-A and 1-B) and no pulse in the involved extremity. The knee was reduced with traction, but the limb remained pulseless. The patient was transferred to the regional pediatric …
The possible phylogenetic significance of mitochondrial configurations in the acrasid cellular slime molds with reference to members of the Eumycetozoa and fungi.

SUMMARYMitochondrial configurations of various members of the Mycetozoa were examined. It was found that all members of the Eumycetozoa (amoebae with filose pseudopodia) had tubular mitochondrial c...
Tautology and Philosophy

Tautology is a statement which says nothing according to the theory of the external judgment that has only true and false about the meaning,however,in philosophy of logic,it plays a more important role than ever.As the inner limit of Existence(the external limit is its contradiction) in philosophy of existence,Tautology returns back to the original meaning of the internal judgment of logos.
Mediation of Guinea Pig gastrin Secretion in Vitro by Cyclic Nucleotides

The effect of methacholine, theophylline, and cyclic adenyl and guanyl nucleotides on gastrin secretion from antral and proximal duodenal mucosa of the guinea pig was studied. Both 2 mM dibutyryl (db) cAMP and 5 mM theophylline produced significant increases in gastrin secretion, 4.3 ± 0.7 (P
Discriminative feature-space transforms using deep neural networks.

We present a deep neural network (DNN) architecture which learns time-dependent offsets to acoustic feature vectors according to a discriminative objective function such as maximum mutual information (MMI) between the reference words and the transformed acoustic observation sequence. A key ingredient in this technique is a greedy layer-wise pretraining of the network based on minimum squared error between the DNN outputs and the offsets provided by a linear feature-space MMI (FMMI) transform. Next, the weights of the pretrained network are updated with stochastic gradient ascent by backpropagating the MMI gradient through the DNN layers. Experiments on a 50 hour English broadcast news transcription task show a 4% relative improvement using a 6-layer DNN transform over a state-of-the-art speaker-adapted system with FMMI and modelspace discriminative training.
Myo-inositol uptake by rat cultured inner medullary collecting tubule cells: effect of osmolality.

Myo-inositol (MI) is involved in the adaptation to hyperosmolality. Its uptake by rat inner medullary collecting duct (RIMCD) cells has not been studied. Compared with cells grown in isotonic media, those grown in hyperosmolality display marked enhancement in [3H]MI uptake [counts/min (cpm).microgram protein-1.2 h-1] from 217 +/- 23 to 718 +/- 64, P less than 0.001. This is mimicked by the supplementation with 300 mM mannitol (638 +/- 59, P less than 0.001) but not by 300 mM urea. The increment in [3H]MI is observed at 37 degrees C but not at 4 degrees C. MI uptake is Na+ dependent in cells grown both in hyperosmolal or isotonic media. At least 12 h of hyperosmolality are needed to enhance MI uptake, and reexposure to isotonic media for at least 24 h is required for the enhancement to reverse. The effects of the microtubular inhibitor, nocodazole (10 micrograms/ml), and the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (30 micrograms/ml), were studied. Cells grown with nocodazole show unimpaired enhancement of MI uptake. Cycloheximide exposure (16 h) does not affect MI uptake in isotonic media (182 +/- 23 vs. 191 +/- 15), but inhibited enhanced MI uptake in hyperosmolality (822 +/- 53 in the absence vs. 331 +/- 24 in the presence of cycloheximide, P less than 0.001). We conclude that hyperosmolality stimulates the synthesis of a protein, most likely an Na-MI cotransporter, that markedly enhances MI uptake. This process may be critical to the osmoregulation of RIMCD cells.
Usefulness of the CRAFFT to Diagnose Alcohol or Cannabis Use Disorders in a Sample of Emerging Adults with Past-Month Alcohol or Cannabis Use

ABSTRACTBackground: Emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 have the highest rates of illicit drug use and heavy alcohol use. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) screening to identify alcohol and cannabis use disorders using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria in a sample of emerging adults who use alcohol or cannabis or both. Methods: Study participants were recruited as part of a larger intervention study of health behaviors among emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 reporting alcohol and/or cannabis use. As part of baseline data collection, responses to the CRAFFT (score range: 0–6) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) were recorded. Additional questions about craving permitted approximation with DSM-5 diagnoses of alcohol and cannabis use disorders. Results: Participants (N = 382) averaged 21 (±2.1) years of age, 47% were male, 65% were non-Latino Ca...