cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
METS: A Metric for Electro-Thermal Sensitivity, and Its Application To FinFETs

While device dimensions continue to shrink into the sub- 90nm range, device self-heating emerges as a pressing problem, affecting both mobility and leakage current. Coupled electro-thermal simulation can be used to assess the impact. Simulation, however, is time consuming. Furthermore, it does not give insight into the device's performance robustness against self-heating. We propose in this paper a novel metric, Metric for Electro-Thermal Sensitivity (METS), for characterizing a device's electrical robustness to self-heating. We demonstrate the effectiveness of METS in characterizing Fin- FETs, novel double-gate devices promising to replace traditionalMOSFETs because of their reduced leakage currents. FinFETs are an ideal case study for METS as they have ultra thin bodies and are thus prone to self-heating. We show that our proposed metric, METS, is capable of characterizing the self-heating behavior of FinFETs in the On and Off states.
OCCURRENCE OF Clostridium perfringens IN BROILER PROCESSING AND FURTHER PROCESSING OPERATIONS

SUMMARY —Three broiler processing plants were surveyed to determine the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in processing areas, and in further processed products. Direct plating on SPS agar and enrichment techniques were used. Samples were taken from nine points in the processing areas of two plants. The following products were examined from the further processing operations of three plants: uncooked broiler parts, cooked products, batter, flour with and without spice mixture and spice. A limited number of rolls (4) and diced meat (5) were also sampled. Results from all plants were similar. C. perfringens was isolated from the following sources in the processing area: feet, feathers, caecum, vent area, scald tank water, chill tank water, breast surface after the chill tank and neck skin from the end of the evisceration line. Though C. perfringens was found frequently on live birds coming into the plant, it was isolated in relatively small numbers from all but the feet, feathers, and caecum. With few exceptions, C. perfringens was isolated from the further processing area by enrichment techniques only. This organism was most frequently isolated from samples of flour and batter. Only 2.6% of 118 samples of cooked product were positive.
Trace element partitioning between amphibole, phlogopite, and basanite melt

Abstract We have measured amphibole-melt and phlogopite-melt partition coefficients ( D ) for 22 trace elements in experimentally crystallized natural basanites with the ion microprobe. The synthesized phases display an exceptional degree of homogeneity for both major and trace elements, as demonstrated by the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean counting statistics uncertainty of the measurements. In pargasitic hornblende, actinides are highly incompatible ( D = 0.001), LILE and HFSE are mildly incompatible ( D = 0.04 – 0.2and0.1 – 0.2, respectively), and REE partition coefficients vary from 0.05 to 0.6, with a maximum near Ho. Except for the LILE ( D = 0.1 – 3.7), phlogopite partition coefficients are generally lower, especially the REE ( D ≈ 0.01). The partitioning results are consistent with a model in which the variation in partition coefficient with ionic radius results from the crystal lattice strain induced by the size misfit of the substituting trace element. This result predicts a decrease in Young's Modulus ( E ) with increasing size of the cation sites in the crystal lattice, and E derived for the largest site in both amphibole and phlogopite agree well with experimentally determined bulk mineral values. The ability to model partitioning with an elastic strain model provides an important link between trace element partitioning and the macroscopic properties of minerals. Relative to an anhydrous peridotite, partial melting of an amphibole or phlogopite bearing peridotite will result in no Th-U fractionation, slight LILE depletions, and, aside from Ti, no significant HFSE depletions. Thus, barring the addition of any slab components besides H 2 O, partial melting of hydrated peridotite is not a plausible explanation for any of the geochemical features commonly associated with subduction zone magmas.
Homology of Cephalic Scales in Xantusiid Lizards, with Comments on Night Lizard Phylogeny and Morphological Evolution

Abstract We conducted a comparative study of the cephalic scales in xantusiid lizards. We describe the observed scutellation patterns, compare these to patterns observed in other squamates, and present a revised nomenclature for scincomorph cephalic scales that corrects some previous inconsistencies. Based on anatomical details and topographic relations in xantusiids and other scincomorphs, we suggest the following revisions. In xantusiids, we consider the paired scales previously called “frontals” to be “frontoparietals,” the single scale previously called the “median” to be the frontal, the paired scales previously called “nasals” to be “supranasals,” the paired scales previously called “postparietals” to be “occipitals,” and the single scale previously called the “occipital” to be the “interoccipital.” The paired scales previously called “pretemporals” in Cricosaura typica are considered “parietals,” whereas the pretemporals in Lepidophyma and most Xantusia are considered “supraoculars.” Based on these...
Indestructibility, HOD, and the Ground Axiom

Let '1 stand for the statement V = HOD and '2 stand for the Ground Axiom. Suppose Ti for i = 1;:::;4 are the theories \ZFC + '1 + '2", \ZFC + :'1 + '2", \ZFC + '1 + :'2", and \ZFC + :'1 + :'2" respectively. We show that ifis indestructibly supercompact and ‚ > • is inaccessible, then for i = 1;:::;4, Ai =df f- • is inaccessible. We show it is also the case that ifis indestructibly supercompact, then V• † T1, so by re∞ection, B1 =df f- • is inaccessible, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct a model in whichis indestructibly supercompact and for every inaccessible cardinal - < •, V- † T1. It is thus not possible to prove in ZFC that Bi =df f- < • j - is an inaccessible limit of inaccessible cardinals and V- † Tig for i = 2;:::;4 is unbounded inifis indestructibly supercompact.
Beyond Frequency and Severity: Development and Validation of the Brief Coercion and Conflict Scales

Responding to calls for improved measurement in the field of domestic violence, this paper reports the development and initial validation of the Brief Coercion and Conflict Scales in a sample of incarcerated women. Confirmatory factor analyses tested the scales hypothesized structure and supported coercion and conflict as moderately and positively related but distinct constructs. Although women reported experiencing both conflict and coercion in their most recent relationship before incarceration, they reported that their experiences were more often marked by interpersonal conflict than by coercion. Further, the coercion and conflict scales differentially predicted women's behavioral and psychological responses to abuse. Only coercion consistently predicted strategic responses and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Overall, findings support the instrument as a viable option, but further psychometric evaluation of internal and external validity with additional samples is warranted.
Reliability and Validity of the Tinetti Mobility Test for Individuals With Parkinson Disease

Background and Purpose: This study examined the interrater and intrarater reliability, concurrent validity, and criterion validity of the Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT) as a fall risk screening tool in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). Subjects: Thirty individuals with PD voluntarily participated in the study, and data from a retrospective review of 126 patient records were included. Methods: Physical therapists and physical therapist students rated live and videotaped performances of the TMT. Tinetti Mobility Test scores were correlated with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores and comfortable gait speed. The ability of the TMT to accurately assess fall risk was determined. Results: Interrater and intrarater reliability was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient of >.80). Tinetti Mobility Test scores correlated with UPDRS motor scores ( r s=−.45) and gait speed ( r s=.53). The sensitivity and specificity of the TMT to identify fallers were 76% and 66%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: The TMT is a reliable and valid tool for assessing the mobility status of and fall risk for individuals with PD.
State of the States: ACC Chapters Making a Difference in Communities Across the United States

![Figure][1] Each year, the American College of Cardiology’s (ACC’s) 48 U.S. chapters are asked to reflect upon the year in its entirety. What went well? What could have been improved? What is the general climate among membership? This annual look at the “State of the States”
ERRATUM: “CHEMISTRY OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM” (2002, ApJ, 577, 795)

The fitting coefficients reported in Table 3 of the original article are incorrect. The corrected values are given below and are valid in the temperature range of 50-500 K. We thank Millard Alexander for bringing this to our attention.
Digital Powertrain Control Systems

Traditionally, the term powertrain has been used to include the engine, transmission, differential, and drive axle/wheel assemblies. With the advent of electronic controls, the powertrain also includes the electronic control system (in whatever configuration it has). In addition to engine control functions for emission regulation, fuel economy, and performance, electronic controls are also used in the automatic transmission to select shifting as a function of operating conditions. Moreover, certain vehicles employ electronically controlled clutches in the differential (transaxle) for traction control. Electronic controls for these major powertrain components can be either separate (i.e., one for each component) or integrated system regulating the powertrain as a unit.
Theme Poster Session: Lithotripsy I

Poster presentations in this session cover four areas of importance in extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL). These are: effectiveness of specific types of lithotripsy equipment; relation between lithotripsy and late complication such as stone recurrence, hypertension, or decreased renal function; and observations on immediate or delayed morphology and function of treated animal or human kidneys.
WHEN IS THE NEXT BUS?: INFLUENCE OF MOBILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL INDIA

We propose that, at a fundamental level, social isolation in its many forms (geographical, cultural and information-based) is a key barrier to entrepreneurial opportunity and success, not only by preventing access to material resources and markets, but also to ideas and information about products and services. Multi-modal data (survey and archival) from more than 150 entrepreneurs in contemporary rural India suggest an entrepreneur’s travel footprint is associated with the profitability of micro enterprises, even after accounting for village-level differences, and that the communication facilities and information sources available in the village interact with travel effects. The positive effect of travel on profit endures even after accounting for other known correlates of profit: infrastructure, information and communication.
Efficient and broad band coupling between silicon and ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides

We demonstrate a very low loss coupler between a silicon nanowire waveguide and ultra-low loss (less than 2 dB/m) silicon nitride waveguide. Coupling between layers is achieved loss below 0.1 dB per transition over 50 nm of bandwidth.
Photoanode with Enhanced Performance Achieved by Coating BiVO4 onto ZnO-Templated Sb-Doped SnO2 Nanotube Scaffold.

The performance of BiVO4 photoanodes, especially under front-side illumination, is limited by the modest charge transport properties of BiVO4. Core/shell nanostructures consisting of BiVO4 coated onto a conductive scaffold are a promising route to improving the performance of BiVO4-based photoanodes. Here, we investigate photoanodes composed of thin and uniform layers of BiVO4 particles coated onto Sb-doped SnO2 (Sb:SnO2) nanotube arrays that were synthesized using a sacrificial ZnO template with controllable length and packing density. We demonstrate a new record for the product of light absorption and charge separation efficiencies (ηabs × ηsep) of ∼57.3 and 58.5% under front- and back-side illumination, respectively, at 0.6 VRHE. Moreover, both of these high ηabs × ηsep efficiencies are achieved without any extra treatment or intentional doping in BiVO4. These results indicate that integration of Sb:SnO2 nanotube cores with other successful strategies such as doping and hydrogen treatment can increase ...
Making Ethics Personal: Character and Your Personal Vision

Ethics, in addition to being about principles and consequences, is about character: the individual traits and qualities that define what kind of person someone is and who they hope to become. This technical note poses a series of questions to help readers produce a vision of their character that can be shaped as they grow and progress as individuals and leaders. It is used in Darden's first-year required business ethics course. Excerpt UVA-E-0393 Rev. Dec. 11, 2015 Making Ethics Personal: Character and Your Personal Vision What is the role of character in ethical decision making? Through making and executing managerial decisions, your choices and decisions help establish who you are as a leader and what kind of organization you work for. In other words, in addition to being about both principles and consequences, ethics is also about character: the individual traits and qualities that define what kind of person someone is and who they hope to become. This suggests that in addition to reflecting on our specific choices as we make them, we must also evaluate actions in terms of how they help define who we really are and how others will see and understand us. There is a long tradition of thinking about ethics in this way that goes back to Plato and Aristotle. In this approach, virtuous character is not simply a disposition or feeling; it is cultivated and made a part of the individual through exercise and action—“the actualization of a possibility.” This suggests that understanding our character involves anticipating our best selves and intentionally pursuing a life that will lead us to become that person. Viewed this way, ethics is less about what we do, and more about who we are. As such, it is vital to consider proactively what your personal vision is for your character as a manager and leader: who you really are and who you hope to become. This includes your aspirations for the organizations you lead but is not limited to your organizational activities. Rather, the character you aspire to should permeate the entire breadth of your life's interests and activities. What kind of person do you want to become? What do you want to be able to say about yourself when you reflect on your legacy decades from now? A widely read columnist once asked for readers 70 years old and older to submit “life reports” outlining what they did well—or not so well—and what they learned along the way. In contrast, reflecting on your personal vision could be understood as a life report in reverse: what you hope your life report will contain. But such an exercise is more than a wish for the future; it can help you shape that future. Viewed this way, your personal vision of your character can help you anticipate the defining moments of your professional career, where your values are tested, and where your skills as a responsible leader will be most profoundly challenged. . . .
Managerial Roles Perceptions and Engagement: An Examination of Theory and Practice

In this field study of 259 executives, we examine role taxonomies and empirically test whether traditional managerial roles are perceived as relevant to practicing managers. Building on an emerging...
Intersecting Discourses of Race and Gender in Elizabeth Cary's The Tragedy of Mariam

Elizabeth Cary’s closet drama, The Tragedy of Mariam: The Fair Queen of Jewry , is the first dramatic text authored by a female playwright in the English literary tradition. The play dramatizes the conflicts that characterize two marriages: Mariam and Herod, and Salome and Constabarus. Not surprisingly, initial critical attention to Cary’s tragedy comparatively analyses the marital conflicts characterizing Cary’s marriage, drawing on The Lady Falkland: Her Life , a biography written by one of her daughters, on the one hand, and the marital conflicts characterizing Mariam’s marriage to Herod within the imaginative world of the dramatic text, on the other. Early critical attention also comparatively analyses Cary’s dramatic text and her source, Josephus’s Jewish Antiquities , translated into English by Thomas Lodge and published in 1602. Cary drew upon Josephus freely, but she makes two major alterations in the story that she inherits: the first is the addition of her Christian perspective, while the second is her focus on the character of Mariam as her tragic protagonist. What I aim to interrogate here is Cary’s juxtaposition of two antithetical representations of femininity – Mariam, her tragic protagonist, and Salome, her villain – to structure her dramatic text. While Salome dominates the first half, Mariam dominates the second half. I aim, further, to examine Cary’s skilful exploitation of early modern European discourses of race and gender in establishing the identity formation of these two female characters.
Role of hydrodynamic viscosity on phonon transport in suspended graphene

When phonon transport is in the hydrodynamic regime, the thermal conductivity exhibits peculiar dependences on temperatures ($T$) and sample widths ($W$). These features were used in the past to experimentally confirm the hydrodynamic phonon transport in three-dimensional bulk materials. Suspended graphene was recently predicted to exhibit strong hydrodynamic features in thermal transport at much higher temperature than the three-dimensional bulk materials, but its experimental confirmation requires quantitative guidance by theory and simulation. Here we quantitatively predict those peculiar dependences using the Monte Carlo solution of the Peierls-Boltzmann equation with an ab initio full three-phonon scattering matrix. Thermal conductivity is found to increase as ${T}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ where $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ ranges from 1.89 to 2.49 depending on a sample width at low temperatures, much larger than 1.68 of the ballistic case. The thermal conductivity has a width dependence of ${W}^{1.17}$ at 100 K, clearly distinguished from the sublinear dependence of the ballistic-diffusive regime. These peculiar features are explained with a phonon viscous damping effect of the hydrodynamic regime. We derive an expression for the phonon hydrodynamic viscosity from the Peierls-Boltzmann equation, and discuss the fact that the phonon viscous damping explains well those peculiar dependences of thermal conductivity at 100 K. The phonon viscous damping still causes significant thermal resistance when a temperature is 300 K and a sample width is around 1 \textmu{}m, even though the hydrodynamic regime is not dominant over other regimes at this condition.
Immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair protein deficiency in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma yields equivalent results when performed on endometrial biopsy/curettage or hysterectomy specimens

Abstract Objective Universal screening of endometrial cancer (EC) for Lynch syndrome (LS) has been increasingly implemented in the past five to ten years. Most pathologists initiate screening with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair proteins (MMRPs), using either pre-surgical samplings (endometrial biopsy or curettage, EMB/C) or hysterectomy specimens. We report a systematic assessment of the equivalence of IHC for LS screening on EMB/C versus hysterectomy specimens. Methods We identified 99 patients diagnosed with endometrioid EC and performed IHC for MMRPs MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 on their diagnostic EMB/C and paired hysterectomy specimen. Each specimen was scored as MMRP-retained or MMRP-deficient. Results Ninety-one EMB/Cs had carcinoma, while 8 EMB/Cs showed only complex atypical hyperplasia (CAH). Carcinoma was identified in all 99 hysterectomy specimens. Considering all 99 patients tested, concordance of MMRP expression pattern between EMB/C and paired hysterectomy specimen was 100%. Sixty-nine cases retained all four MMRPs, while 30 were MMRP deficient (26 MLH1- and PMS2-deficient, 3 MSH2- and MSH6-deficient, 1 PMS2-deficient). Conclusions In screening for LS in EC, IHC for MMRPs can be performed with identical accuracy on either EMB/C or hysterectomy specimens. Routine testing of diagnostic EMB/Cs may lead to earlier detection of MMRP deficiency, with improved patient uptake of genetic counseling and potential for earlier identification of immunotherapy candidates. Furthermore, reliable IHC-based LS screening performed on EMB/C can guide patient management and genetic counseling in patients unable to undergo hysterectomy.
Managing conflict: Building a multicultural collaborative

Abstract When President Clinton called for the nation to enter into a dialogue on the position of race in the matters of America it echoed the struggle in which Los Angelenos have been engaged for the past 10–15 years. As the City and State have become more ethnically and culturally diverse, intergroup relations have come to play a major role in defining status. Until recently, the relations between African Americans and Korean Americans have been defined largely by negative encounters between African American consumers and Korean merchants. Attempts to develop multi-cultural collaboratives between members of the two communities, while not enjoying great success, have provided some insights which should produce more positive benefits. This paper discusses the socio-cultural framework in which the two groups find themselves and suggests a formula for renegotiating the relationships based on a collaboration involving dialogue to action planning.
Forecasting by Analogy: Local Responses to Global Climate Change

Limitations associated with General Circulation Models, particularly in societal impact assessment and local and regional climate change policies, have led some researchers to seek alternative methods for assessing the potential impacts of climate change. One of these methods, forecasting by analogy (FBA), is based on the premise that past responses to extreme climate-related events provide a first approximation of how society might respond to the effects of climate change. Since its development and initial application in 1987, FBA has been used to assess climate-related impacts in various economic sectors and ecosystems. The potential value and use of FBA in impact assessment, the use of analogs in the physical sciences, and the shortcomings and potential problems associated with the approach are discussed. Some cases in which the FBA approach was applied to marine fisheries to assess the impacts of climate change and climate variability are studied.
The Use of Synthetic Materials in Pubovaginal Sling

Various authors have reported that a pubovaginal sling is efficacious for correction of all types of female stress incontinence.7 Autologous, cadaver, and synthetic allografts have been utilized as supporting materials. Leach et al16 have suggested that autologous slings decay over time, resulting in recurrent stress incontinence. Badlani et al10 have reported that synthetic materials are more durable in maintaining stable cure rates than autologous slings. Infectious and erosive complications of synthetic materials are well known. Urethral erosion is the most feared complication of synthetic sling surgery, causing many urologie surgeons to shy away from using synthetic biomaterials. However, not all synthetic materials result in equally unfavorable reaction to human host tissues. Various synthetic materials have differing inherent biochemical and surface characteristics that result in different biological outcomes. This chapter will review these characteristics.
Combination radiofrequency hyperthermia and chemotherapy (BCNU) for brain malignancy. Animal experience and two case reports.

Patients with high-grade primary and metastatic brain malignancies have a median survival time of 3–8 months, regardless of therapy. Because Magnetrode TM hyperthermia provides safe, deep internal heating without normal -tissue injury, we studied its effects first on the brain and surrounding tissues of rabbits. The normal rabbit brain (n = 26) could be heated to potentially tumoricidal temperatures (42–43 °C) without apparent histopathologic or clinical damage to the brain, skull, external eye, subcutaneous tissue or skin. Intracranial pressure did not rise significantly. Using transplanted VX-2 carcinoma, we showed both the safety and potential efficacy of thermochemotherapy (IV BCNU: 14 mg/kg) in the presence of a solid brain tumor. The average maximum brain temperature achieved was 43.06 °C. Mean survival from the time of tumor implantation in the treated group (n = 16) was 18.56 days, compared to 9.3 days for untreated controls (n = 30) (p < .0001).
A Cross-Sectional Survey of the North American Skull Base Society Part 3: The State of Lateral Skull Base Surgery Training in North America.

Introduction Optimal management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) demands involvement of an experienced multidisciplinary team. As the number of training programs in neurotology and skull base neurosurgery continues to rise, ensuring that trainees are capable of evidence-based decision-making and treatment, whether microsurgical or radiosurgical, is of paramount importance. The purpose of this study is to characterize the landscape of neurotologic and neurosurgical fellowship training programs in North America, with special reference to VS management. Methods A 64-item web-based survey assessing VS practice trends was devised by members of the North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) Research Task Force and distributed electronically to NASBS membership via SurveyMonkey as a cross-sectional study. Participation was entirely voluntary and there was no remuneration for survey completion. The survey link was active from November 29 to December 14, 2016. Results Of 719 members of the NASBS who were emailed a survey link, a total of 57 were returned (8%) completed surveys. Of all respondents, 51 (89%) claimed to have formal training in skull base neurosurgery or neurotology. Thirty-three respondents (65%) were skull base neurosurgeons while the remainder were neurotologists (n = 18; 35%). Institutions with fellowship programs tended to have a higher surgical, radiosurgical, and overall case volume than those with a residency program alone. However, 20% of respondents at institutions with fellowship programs reported evaluating less than 50 new diagnoses of VS per year and 12% reported a surgical case volume of less than 10 cases per year. Conclusion As the number of skull base training programs expands, it is our duty to ensure that trainees gain sufficient experience to enter independent practice with the ability to exercise informed decision-making and safely perform VS surgery and radiosurgery. In the current training climate, implementing multidisciplinary care models, formalized training requirements, and emerging surgical simulators will support the development of minimum proficiencies in VS care.
Collaborative Attacks on Autonomous Vehicle Platooning

In this paper, we show that multiple, maliciously controlled vehicles can destabilize a vehicular platoon, to catastrophic effect, through local modifications to the longitudinal control law. We propose a systematic method that illustrates how multiple attackers can change their control configuration in tandem with each other in order to create a successful attack. We determine the ranges of the gains, that allow an attacker to violate the stability criteria at different positions in the platoon, based on the changes the other attacker initiated. Finally, we demonstrate the impact of the designed collaborative attack on the vehicular platoon through an example.
How does one choose the correct pharmacotherapy for a pediatric patient with restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder?: Expert Guidance.

Epidemiological studies have shown that restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are common in children and adolescents with an estimated prevalence of 2–4% [1,2]. Th...
Novel Alkali Earth Borohydride Sr(BH4)2 and Borohydride‐Chloride Sr(BH4)Cl.

Sr(BH4)2 is synthesized by reaction of SrCl2, NaBH4, and LiBH4 in anhydrous THF (N2, room temperature, 2 d) and by ball-milling of LiBH4 and SrCl2 in a molar ratio ≥2:1.
Aero Maneuvering Dynamics and Control for Precision Landing on Titan

We have developed and tested several dynamic models of the parafoil system descending in Titan's atmosphere. These dynamic models include a progression from point mass models to rigid multibody models, including relative dynamics between canopy and payload. In these models, we have included wind models used for Titan simulation, and extrapolated wind gust models previously used for simulation in the Martian environment. We have also developed guidance and control techniques for autonomous parafoil turning in the adverse wind environment. Finally, and in order to improve the controller performance by reducing the uncertainty to environmental factors, we have also developed ways to estimate the Titan environmental parameters, i.e. the atmospheric density, and the wind magnitude, during the descent. A more complete and realistic simulation is being developed, which uses JPL's DSENDS Entry, Descent, and Landing Software framework.
Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients Screening Positive for Delirium

Background:Delirium in the hospitals leads to worse outcomes for patients. There were no previous studies that characterize patients with delirium from multiple hospital locations.Objective:To desc...
Evidence for the feature [diffuse]?

Distributional data for consonants and vowels in the phonological system for an English-speaking, language-impaired child are examined as potential evidence for reintroducing the feature [diffuse]. Two alternative phonological analyses are considered, one involving an assimilation rule using the feature [diffuse], the other a dissimilation rule using the feature [high]. Despite the phonetic plausibility of the [diffuse] solution, it is argued that the [high] solution is the preferred phonological analysis. Thus, it is shown that [diffuse] need not be reintroduced into our feature system.
Tracing Penicillin Movement in Citrus Plants Using Fluorescence-Labeled Penicillin

Huanglongbing (HLB), citrus greening, is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus plants worldwide. In North America, HLB is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. No cure exists at present, and the use of antibiotics for the control of HLB has gained interest due to the significant losses to the citrus industry. Because of unsatisfactory results when using foliar applications of antibiotics, concerns were raised regarding the uptake and translocation of these materials within trees. We, therefore, investigated a method that allows us to study the movement of antibiotic materials in citrus plants. Herein, we utilized a fluorescence-labeled penicillin, BOCILLIN™ FL-Penicillin (FL-penicillin), to study the uptake and translocation of penicillin in citrus plants. FL-penicillin was applied by puncture to the stem of young citrus seedlings and was traced by using fluorescence microscopy. After application, we detected FL-penicillin in the leaves and in the stem xylem and phloem tissues above and below the application site in both intact and partially bark-girdled citrus seedlings, indicating that it is easily taken up and transported through the plant vascular system. In addition, we detected FL-penicillin in the gut of D. citri, which were allowed to feed on the treated plants, suggesting translocation of this molecule into the vascular tissue. We propose that the use of fluorescent-labeled molecules could be an effective tool for understanding the uptake and translocation of antibiotics and other macromolecules in plants and insects.
Design and Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Printed Air-Core Transformers for High-Frequency Power Applications

This article presents various designs of toroidal air-core transformers utilizing a 3-D printing and electroplating fabrication methodology. For certain applications and switching frequency regimes, limitations in core-based magnetics force circuit designers to use air-core components, which are conventionally wire-wound, and thus, constrained to simple structures with poor copper coverage. 3-D printing offers a solution to this constraint and provides more flexibility for transformer designs. This article includes design calculations, finite-element method (FEM) simulations, and loss analysis for three different toroidal transformer designs: one which features nested toroids, coupling their N2 flux, the second which uses stacked toroids, coupling the one-turn flux, and the third which interleaves two windings. Furthermore, the manufacturing procedure presented in this article allows for accurate modeling of the transformer's inductance matrix, which is advantageous over hand-wound air-core components. Additionally, we provide experimental demonstrations, including the implementation of these transformers in 100-W, 30-MHz resonant converters. Lastly, COMSOL FEM design automation MATLAB scripts for the various inductors and transformers discussed in this article are publicly available in the paper by Z. Tong (2019), allowing for fast parametric modeling of magnetic designs.
Disaster Averted: Surgical Treatment of Paradoxical Embolus in Transit

Abstract A 46-year-old woman presented with a syncopal episode and was found to have a large thrombus traversing an atrial septal defect extending across the mitral valve. She was taken to the oper...
Creating a Faculty Learning Committee

The goal of this special session is to describe the design and implementation of faculty learning committees focused on disseminating information about the application of inclusive pedagogical practices in engineering classrooms. Assisted by funding from the National Science Foundation via the REvolutionizing engineering and computer science Departments (RED) grant program, we developed multiple approaches to create change in ways that all members of the biomedical engineering department could participate. In one approach, we established a new kind of permanent faculty committee within our department: the Faculty Learning Committee (FLC). The FLC constitutes a completely different kind of experience in which faculty can fulfill their service commitment to the department. Unlike other committees which are almost exclusively focused on completion of tasks assigned by leaders in the department’s administration, the FLC engages faculty in reading, discussion, and project planning around a shared topic of interest. FLCs are designed to engage faculty, create buy-in for change within the department through participation, create a community of fellow engineers that can rely on one another for discussion and ideas, and give the facilitators a platform to address difficult but necessary topics to support wide-spread departmental change. This session will review the success and challenges experienced through two iterations of this program. Participants will leave with resources to create their own effective faculty learning committee.
Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) bones from a 5850 year old shell midden on San Miguel Island, California, USA

Large cetaceans were heavily impacted by commercial whaling, so relatively little is known about their biogeography prior to historic times. On California’s Channel Islands, maritime peoples hunted...
"In The Final Analysis": The Utilization of PESTLE Analysis in the Nuclear Medicine Workplace

2053 Introduction: "In The Final Analysis": The Utilization of PESTLE Analysis in the Nuclear Medicine WorkplaceBackground: As major trends in healthcare cause shifts in the way that care is delivered, Nuclear Medicine practices must re-evaluate their management strategies to adapt. In the process of developing management goals, Nuclear Medicine practices must not only understand their mission, vision, and values, but also the internal and external factors that affect their practice. Here we provide a useful framework for Nuclear Medicine practices to understand the macro environmental factors that may impact their strategic plans. Objectives: •Discuss the changing landscape of healthcare and the factors that require Nuclear Medicine practices to reassess their strategic plans, including changing reimbursement models and practice consolidation•Highlight the importance of management strategies on practice performance, including their ability to improve the performance of underperforming practices or sustain top performing practices. •Discuss best practices for the development of robust management strategies, including when to consider the effects of macro environmental factors•Explain the PESTLE analysis, which analyzes the Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal, and Environmental factors that can impact Nuclear Medicine practices•Provide an example of a PESTLE analysis, as well the factors within the analysis that may impact Nuclear Medicine practices. Results: Development of a strong management strategy can help Nuclear Medicine practices navigate through complex and continuously changing circumstances. Utilization of a PESTLE analysis can help practice leaders to better understand the external factors that may affect their practice and to develop business strategies that consider their unique circumstances. Using the results of a PESTLE analysis to inform management strategies can help Nuclear Medicine practices achieve their performance goals and prepare for upcoming changes in healthcare delivery. Conclusions: Utilization of the PESTLE analysis by Nuclear Medicine practices can help practice leaders understand the external factors of their practice environment, and helps develop robust management strategies that align with their unique values and circumstances. Resources: 1.Bauer JC. 2017 Annual Meeting of the American College of Radiology—Moreton Lecture: Forecasting the Futures of Radiology. Journal of the American College of Radiology. 2017;14(12):1524-1529. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.08.0202.Kaplan RS, Norton DP. 2008. Mastering the Management System. Harvard Business Review. Available at: https://hbr.org/2008/01/mastering-the-management-system3.Ho, JKK. 2014. Formulation of a Systemic PEST Analysis for Strategic Analysis. European Academic Research. 2014; 2(5): 6478-6492.4.Sammut‐Bonnici T, & Galea D. 2015. PEST analysis. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, 1-1.
The Personal and the Political: Gender Equity and Attitudes toward Birth Restriction in Contemporary Urban China:

Birth rates have declined globally over the past several decades. Extensive research has applied the gender equity theory to examine the link between individuals’ gender role attitudes and their fe...
"Y no quedó nada, nada de la casa, todo salió volando" (And there was nothing left, nothing of the house, everything flew away): a critical medical ecological perspective on the lived experience of hurricane María in Puerto Rico.

Ecological disasters create dramatic changes as man-made and natural ecosystems adapt to their effects. In 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria devastated Puerto Rico. Public focus after such traumatic ecological events often neglects pre-existing community dynamics, heterogeneity of lived experience, and complexity of decision-making in the disaster context. We intended to better understand the lived experience of this ecological trauma in communities across ecosystems in Puerto Rico and among those displaced to Florida. We used the Critical Medical Ecological (CME) framework to assess the relative contribution of ecological dimensions on lived experience across community levels and time. We used qualitative methods with emic coding and etic mapping of salient constructs to the ecological model. In total, 96 people participated in 23 discussion encounters. Two people coded interviews in Spanish using Dedoose. We identified common themes in sequential order mapped to elements of the CME to approximate the participants’ temporal experience. Codes applied to the period of the hurricane’s landfall, traverse, and exit were markedly distinct from the other two periods (before and after) examined in this study: the experience of the hurricane’s strike was highly personal and, at this level, reflected a mix of sociocultural, biological, and abiotic factors. After the hurricanes, social and community factors re-emerged while new risks and conditions arose that were biological (e.g., leptospirosis, no food or water) or abiotic (e.g., unusable roads/bridges, structures destroyed), but created ongoing stressors and social needs for communities. As we found, the dynamics of the social and household landscape sometimes involved the decision to leave Puerto Rico altogether, or forced people to continually face and adapt to the ongoing collapse in basic services that were only slowly and differentially restored. Lived experience across each stage of the hurricanes differed substantially from one another. Communities disrupted by ecological disaster are also frequently entangled within global economic and political histories and dependencies that could preclude recovery. Island nations are especially vulnerable to both climate-induced ecological change and political-economic exploitation. The ongoing health effect of the hurricane remains palpable in many communities of Puerto Rico and among the diaspora in Florida.
Bioavailability of Vitamin B-6 from Rat Diets Containing Wheat Bran or Cellulose

Bioavailability of vitamin B-6 (B-6) in the total diet was studied in male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats fed fiber-free (FF) diets with 0.2 or 6.9 mg pyridoxine/kg diet (0-, 2- or 6.9-PYR), 20% wheat bran (WB) diets with 3.9- or 5.5-PYR or 7% cellulose (C) diets with 0- or 2-PYR for 28 d. Body weight gain (mean +/- SEM) with 0-PYR was 70 +/- 9.0 and 81.2 +/- 4.2 g for FF and C, respectively. All other groups gained 170-180 g. Urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), a major B-6 metabolite, for FF groups was 1.31 +/- 0.22, 2.26 +/- 0.28 and 6.39 +/- 1.73 micrograms/24 h, at 0-, 2- and 6.9-PYR, respectively. Rats fed WB diets excreted 4.99 +/- 0.58 and 9.81 +/- 0.76 micrograms/24 h (3.9- and 5.5-PYR, respectively) and those fed C diets excreted 1.46 +/- 0.34 and 2.69 +/- 0.72 micrograms/24 h (0- and 2-PYR). There was increasing turnover and shorter biological half-life of (/sup 14/C)pyridoxine (1 mu Ci injected on d 1) with increasing dietary B-6. Growth, 4-PA and /sup 14/C turnover data indicated that WB contributed to B-6 intake of these rats. Cellulose acted as a simple dietary diluent and had no effect on indicesmore » of B-6 status. These data suggest that dietary fiber, as cellulose or the indigestible component of wheat bran, does not adversely affect the bioavailability of vitamin B-6.« less
Dependence Analysis for Java

We describe a novel approach to performing data dependence analysis for Java in the presence of Java's "non-traditional" language features such as exceptions, synchronization, and memory consistency. We introduce new classes of edges in a dependence graph to model code motion constraints arising from these language features. We present a linear-time algorithm for constructing this augmented dependence graph for an extended basic block.
Qualification Testing with Paired Within-Part Samples

This article considers the analysis of paired within-part samples to compare the manufacturing of two parts made at the same time. A Bayesian approach is proposed in which differences in between- and within-part variability as well as part means are ass..
Activity-adaptive modeling of dynamic multimedia traffic

Most of the existing work on modeling variable bit rate (VBR) video sources does not either explicitly take into account group-of-pictures (GOP) or assumes a fixed GOP structure. Real video data inherently possesses a variable GOP structure. We propose a number of doubly Markov models for such real data. These models outperform presently proposed models and have reasonable complexity in terms of the number of parameters.
The Primacy of Identity

When Alfred North Whitehead wrote that all philosophy is a footnote to Greek philosophy, he did not go far enough. Our debt to the Greeks goes beyond philosophy. Our science, our social order, and much else we live by today can also trace their origins to Greek antiquity.
Effect of isoflurane on brain tissue oxygen tension and cerebral autoregulation in rabbits

Abstract Oxygen tension (PO 2 ) was measured in rabbit whisker barrel cortex using oxygen sensitive electrodes to investigate the impact of isoflurane anesthesia on oxygen autoregulation. Responses to 90 s episodes of 100% oxygen inspiration were obtained from rabbits before anesthesia, and then when the animals were anesthetized with 0.5% or 1.5% isoflurane. For each episode, ΔPO 2 (i.e., hyperoxic PO 2 minus baseline PO 2 ) was computed. Compared to the conscious state, brain ΔPO 2 increased during anesthesia with 1.5% isoflurane (0.73 MAC) by an average of 116%, whereas 0.5% isoflurane produced an insignificant average increase of 31%. The results suggest that moderate levels of isoflurane impaired autoregulation of brain tissue oxygen tension.
"Und eine Freiheit macht uns alle frei!": Das Polyptoton in Schillers Freiheitsdenken

By means of an analysis of the rhetorical figure of the polyptoton (a trope in which a word is repeated in a different grammatical form), this study pursues the understanding of freedom that emerges in Schiller's aesthetic writings of the 1790s, particularly in Die asthetische Erziehung des Menschen . Instead of subsuming freedom under one overriding concept, Schiller's thought is guided by a polyptotic model of autonomy that allows for a plurality of distinct freedoms that are referenced by, but not reducible to, one another. This pluralistic approach to freedom is a unique contribution to the history of thought and distinguishes Schiller not only from Kantian Idealism, but, more importantly, from Hegelian dialectics. In his plays Wallenstein, Maria Stuart, Die Jungfrau von Orleans, Die Braut von Messina , and Wilhelm Tell Schiller radically scrutinizes and problematizes this polyptotic structure of freedom and, thus, increasingly overcomes the antagonism that destroys his heroes and heroines, moving instead towards an admittedly precarious, but also liberating, socially and politically meaningful balance of autonomies. (MEA; In German)