cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nasopharyngeal Mass in an 11-year-old Female Pediatric Patient.

1. Spencer H. Short, BS*,† 2. Emily Pollack, MD†,‡ 3. Robert L. Williams, MD† 4. Sri Chennupati, MD*,†,‡ 1. *University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 2. †Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA 3. ‡Lehigh Valley Reilly Children’s Hospital, Allentown, PA An 11-year-old female patient was transferred from an outside hospital to the pediatric ICU for an enlarging oral mass (Fig 1). She is unable to easily talk but nonverbally denies pain or trauma to the area. The patient’s mother reports the large oral mass was first noticed after the patient had a coughing episode earlier that day and complained about difficulty breathing. The patient has no recent sick contacts, no known allergies, and no recent illnesses. She has no significant past medical history and no personal or family history of head or neck masses. Her vital signs are appropriate and stable. Physical examination of the patient reveals a large mass separate from and superior to the tongue. The patient is started on a course of dexamethasone and a consult to an otolaryngologist is placed. Figure 1. Oral cavity mass at the time of admission. A bedside examination and nasopharyngolaryngoscopy by the otolaryngologist reveals a patent airway and confirms the mass’s location over the tongue. Over the course of the night, the patient’s ability to breath improves, but there is not an appreciable reduction in her throat swelling following the course of steroids. Posterior pharyngeal examination is concerning for a nasal mass versus a large blood clot. Repeat nasopharyngolaryngoscopy is suggestive of a mass from the left nare passing into the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Computed tomography (CT) imaging of the mass showed a large pedunculated soft tissue mass originating at the left maxillary antrum, extending inferiorly to the epiglottis (Fig 2). The mass measured 72 mm from its superior to inferior pole (Fig 3). The right paranasal sinuses were normally aerated and clear of masses. A clinical diagnosis was made. Surgical excision and pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis. Figure 2. An axial computed tomography scan of the neck shows a soft tissue mass (circled) within …
Targeting Heme oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide for Therapeutic Modulation of Inflammation

The heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme system remains an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. HO-1, a cellular stress protein, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), iron, and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter which is converted to bilirubin-IXα (BR). HO-1 may function as a pleiotropic regulator of inflammatory signaling programs through the generation of its biologically active end products, namely CO, BV and BR. CO, when applied exogenously, can affect apoptotic, proliferative, and inflammatory cellular programs. Specifically, CO can modulate the production of proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines and mediators. HO-1 and CO may also have immunomodulatory effects with respect to regulating the functions of antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells. Therapeutic strategies to modulate HO-1 in disease include the application of natural-inducing compounds and gene therapy approaches for the targeted genetic overexpression or knockdown of HO-1. Several compounds have been used therapeutically to inhibit HO activity, including competitive inhibitors of the metalloporphyrin series or noncompetitive isoform-selective derivatives of imidazole-dioxolanes. The end products of HO activity, CO, BV and BR may be used therapeutically as pharmacologic treatments. CO may be applied by inhalation or through the use of CO-releasing molecules. This review will discuss HO-1 as a therapeutic target in diseases involving inflammation, including lung and vascular injury, sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and transplant rejection.
Trimethadione (tridione) nephrosis.

TRIMETHADIONE (3,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione, Tridione® is a useful drug in the management of petit mal seizures. It may, however, like many pharmacologically effective agents, have untoward reactions. These can involve: 1) the central nervous system (diplopia, vertigo, headaches and hiccups); 2) the hematopoetic system (depression of bone marrow activity); 3) the skin (various forms of rashes, erythema exudativum multiforme and angioneurotic edema; and 4) the kidneys. Renal complications of trimethadione administration are noted in two different forms. Microscopic hematuria and cellular casts have been reported, and 10 years ago, the nephrotic syndrome due to prolonged trimethadione treatment was first described by Barnett.
Impaired Concanavalin A-Inducible Suppressor T-Cell Activity in Active Alcoholic Liver Disease

To examine the possible contribution of cellular immunoregulatory mechanisms to the pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver diseases, suppressor T-cell function was evaluated in patients with severe active or inactive alcoholic liver disease and compared with normal control subjects. Suppressor T-cell activity after in vitro induction by concanavalin A or other T cell-mediated immune reactions was then assessed. T-cell interactions studied included the proliferative responses of both autologous or allogeneic responding peripheral blood mononuclear cells to T-cell mitogens and to allogeneic cells. No significant differences were found in the ability to induce suppressor T cells between controls and patients with inactive alcoholic liver disease (p < 0.05). In contrast, T cells from patients with severe active alcoholic liver disease failed to develop suppressor cell activity (p < 0.001) after concanavalin A stimulation; restoration of suppressor cell function was found after these patients improved clinically. Adherent cells (monocyte-macrophages) from patients with active alcoholic liver diseases exhibited normal support of concanavalin A-induced blastogenesis and suppressor T-cell generation. This immunoregulatory cell abnormality could be important in the pathogenesis and/or progression of active alcoholic liver disease.
Markets, power and productivity in rural Asia

Abstract This article deals with three themes. First, the evidence that rural markets are responsive to scarcity is open to two interpretations: (i) that markets closely approach the competitive ideal; and (ii) that such responses are also consistent with various market imperfections. Second, there is the nature of power and its influence on economic transactions. Lacking a satisfactory definition of the concept, many contributions dealing with power yield few insights. Third, there is the relationship between agrarian structure and economic progress. A signal accomplishment of some contributions has been to show that South Asia's diverse experience casts considerable doubt on the proposition that this relationship is a simple one.
John Rawls: una biografía

Traduccion del original en ingles: Leonardo Garcia Jaramillo y Maria Graciela Otoya Diehn. Publicada por primera vez en espanol gracias a la autorizacion de Thomas Pogge. Este ensayo aparecio originalmente en aleman e hizo parte del libro John Rawls (Munich: Verlag C.H. Beck, 1994). Se tradujo al ingles y se publico en: H. S. Richardson – P. J. Weithman (eds.) The Philosophy of Rawls (New York: Garland Press, 1999, vol. 1). Para el libro John Rawls: His Life and Theory of Justice (Oxford University Press, 2007) el texto en ingles se reviso nuevamente y se amplio gracias a Mardy Rawls, quien lo actualizo con nueva informacion. Esta traduccion fue realizada a partir de la ultima version en ingles.
Integrated Capacity Building Needs for Water Supply and Wastewater Sanitation

Howe has identified key institutional water management requirements for a watershed scale: (1) coordinated management of surface water and groundwater resources, (2) coordinated management of both water quantity and water quality, (3) provision of incentives for greater economic and technical efficiencies in water use, and (4) protection of public values associated with water service (e.g., reliable, safe, clean, affordable supply). To achieve this, the water institutions must develop the following characteristics (after 1): the capacity to coordinate water plans with other agencies (e.g., urban planning, agriculture, public health, environment, industrial); the capacity to solve water problems creatively using a variety of options and approaches (e.g., laws, pricing, taxes, tradable supply and/or pollution permits, subsidies); the foresight to separate roles and responsibilities for water resource planning and management activities from construction activities (i.e., avoid conflicts of interest); the multidisciplinary capacity to undertake multicriteria/multiobjective planning and evaluation of alternatives; devolve decision-making power to the lowest practical level—national, state/regional (provincial), local or municipal—consistent with the scale of the water issue; capacity and willingness to use appropriate participatory methods involving different stakeholders at different stages of a project (preplanning/conceptual, planning and design, implementation, maintenance, monitoring and evaluation); ability to reward innovation and adapt to changing conditions and priorities. Keywords: capacity building; operational sustainability; watershed; social capital; Agenda 21; ecosystem; participation; stakeholders
Nutrient Balance and Stage of Lactation Affect Responses of Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factors I and II, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein 2 to Somatotropin Administration in Dairy Cows

Six Holstein cows were used in a complete block design to examine effects of period of lactation and somatotropin (bST) administration on concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II), and IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2). During late lactation, the dry period and the subsequent early lactation, cows received injections of NaHCO3 buffer for 5 d and bST for 7 d. Cows were in positive energy and protein balances during late lactation and the dry period and in slight negative balances during early lactation. Basal insulin concentrations were highest in late lactation (170 pmol/L), whereas bST concentrations were higher in early lactation (0.6 micrograms/L). Insulin was increased by bST in the dry period (255 pmol/L) and late lactation (149 pmol/L) but not in early lactation (14 pmol/L), probably because of greater availability of glucose during positive nutrient balance. Basal IGF-I was lowest in early lactation (63.6 micrograms/L) but was increased by bST during all periods. The IGF-I response to bST administration was lower during early lactation (74.1 micrograms/L) compared with late lactation (123.6 micrograms/L) and dry period (146.0 micrograms/L). The IGF-II concentrations were not affected by period of lactation of bST administration but IGF-II tended to be higher during bST administration when cows were dry. Concentration of IGFBP-2 was higher during early lactation when cows were in negative nutrient balance (479.5 micrograms/L) than during the dry period (289.2 micrograms/L) and was decreased with bST. These data support a role of insulin and IGF in regulation of milk production. Availability of nutrients may be involved in regulating these hormones, particularly during bST treatment.
Preparation of microtubule protein and purified tubulin from bovine brain by cycles of assembly and disassembly and phosphocellulose chromatography.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an efficient, high yield, and relatively easy protocol for purification of microtubule protein (MTP) (tubulin plus stabilizing microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), consisting of ∼70–75% tubulin and 25–30% MAPs), and subsequently for purifying tubulin from the MTP in the absence of assembly-promoting solvents. The protocol for purification of MTP (tubulin plus MAP) in the absence of glycerol begins with two steer brains, weighing a total of between 400 and 600 g. Processing this quantity of tissue requires the equivalent of six Sorvall refrigerated superspeed centrifuges. Brains are initially blended in a Waring Commercial Blender at a ratio of 1.5 ml of buffer per gram of wet brain weight at low speed for 30 s. Then, the blended brains are homogenized by using one pass in a motor-driven Teflon pestle/glass homogenizer operated at the maximum speed. The MTP, processed through three cycles of warm assembly and cold disassembly, is often used in this protocol. This third cycle involves centrifuging through 50% sucrose cushions to remove any proteins that do not adhere to the microtubules. An alternative to the third cycle for purification of MTP (tubulin plus MAPs) is to purify tubulin devoid of MAPs beginning with the C 2 S using phosphocellulose column chromatography.
Factors governing mechanical stimulation in frog hearts.

Because stretch-induced activation may be important in generating clinically relevant arrhythmias in the heart, we delineated the ability of different types of stretches to activate ventricular tis...
Influence of methyl bromide fumigation on microbe-induced resistance in cucumber.

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate growth promotion and induced systemic disease resistance (ISR) in cucumber mediated by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with and without methyl bromide soil fumigation. In both fumigated and nonfumigated plots, numbers of cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittata (F.), and the incidence of bacterial wilt disease, caused by the beetle-transmitted pathogen Erwinia tracheiphila , were significantly lower with PGPR treatment compared with the nonbacterized control. However, in PGPR-treated plots, the incidence of bacterial wilt was more than 2-fold lower in the nonfumigated treatments compared with fumigated treatments, indicating that the level of PGPR-mediated ISR was greater without methyl bromide fumigation than with methyl bromide. Cucumber plant growth at 21 days after planting was greater in fumigated plots than in nonfumigated plots; however, plant height values in the nonfumigated, PGPR treatments and the fumigated, PGPR treatments were equivalent. Thi...
Longitudinal Study of Hearing Aid Effectiveness. I: Objective Measures

This report is the first of two detailing a longitudinal follow-up of hearing aid users. Sixty-five subjects were followed for 12 months post-hearing aid fitting. Objective tests included insertion gain, the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test (Kalikow, Stevens & Elliot, 1977; Bilger, Neutzel, Rabinowitz, & Rzeczkowski, 1984) and the Nonsense Syllable Test (NST) (Levitt & Resnick, 1978) presented in quiet and noise backgrounds. Initially each subject's hearing aid was fit to the revised National Acoustic Laboratories prescriptive formula (NAL-R) (Byrne & Dillon, 1986) using insertion gain measures. Use gain, measured at 6 and 12 months post-fitting, indicated that subjects generally used those prescribed values, except for subjects in the steeply sloping configuration subgroup. The NST and SPIN tests were administered at the fitting and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-fitting. No change in performance, or training effect, was found for the group or for factors of experience, degree of hearing loss, configuration of hearing loss, use time, or circuit type. Failure to demonstrate a training effect may be attributed, in part, to the fact that initial speech recognition testing was done with the hearing aid volume set at the prescribed values. None of the circuits used showed performance superiority, except when comparing scores for the NST obtained in a quiet background to those obtained in a background of speech-weighted noise. In that comparison, the users of adaptive filter circuits exhibited less deterioration of performance in a noise background.
Successful invention management: Formalizing the generation and validation of new product ideas

This study addresses the management of invention, a process centered on the development of new product ideas. Based on quantitative and qualitative data from 194 manufacturing companies (SIC 20–39), the authors suggest managing the invention process as a core capability to ensure success. The survey results add up to a clear message to managers striving to establish invention capability: Management must formalize the steps involved from idea inception to idea validation. The study begins with a discussion of present and future challenges facing invention management. This is followed by a three-step approach to formalizing the invention process. Next, common obstacles constraining formalized invention processes are addressed. The study concludes with a discussion of four principles focused on overcoming these obstacles. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Altered erythrocyte membrane phosphorylation in sickle cell disease

FOR several years evidence has been accumulating to indicate that the erythrocytes of individuals with sickle cell anaemia not only contain an abnormal haemoglobin but also exhibit several altered membrane characteristics. These include increased cation transport1, possible alterations in phospholipid arrangement2, and increased membrane rigidity3. The protein and glycoprotein content of membranes from erythrocytes of individuals with sickle cell anaemia does not seem to differ from that of normal erythrocyte membranes4. Many of the altered membrane characteristics appear to be a function of altered erythrocyte membrane structure due to membrane–haemoglobin interactions5, however, whether or not other membranous protein–protein interactions are altered is not well documented.
Sibling comparison of differential parental treatment in adolescence: gender, self-esteem, and emotionality as mediators of the parenting-adjustment association.

This study employs findings from social comparison research to investigate adolescents' comparisons with siblings with regard to parental treatment. The sibling comparison hypothesis was tested on a sample of 516 two-child families by examining whether gender, self-esteem, and emotionality — which have been found in previous research to moderate social comparison — also moderate sibling comparison as reflected by siblings' own evaluations of differential parental treatment. Results supported a moderating effect for self-esteem and emotionality but not gender. The sibling comparison process was further examined by using a structural equation model in which parenting toward each child was associated with the adjustment of that child and of the child's sibling. Evidence of the “sibling barricade” effect — that is, parenting toward one child being linked with opposite results on the child's sibling as on the target child — was found in a limited number of cases and interpreted as reflecting a sibling comparison process. For older siblings, emotionality and self-esteem moderated the sibling barricade effect but in the opposite direction as predicted. Results are discussed in terms of older siblings' increased sensitivity to parenting as well as the report of differential parenting reflecting the child's level of comfort and benign understanding of differential parenting, which buffers the child against environmental vicissitudes evoking sibling comparison processes.
Crises and spiritual growth

The principal concern of this essay is the spiritual growth which life crises make possible. My assumptions are a) that every crisis can arouse within us a fresh awareness of the transcendent source of and goal for every human life, and b) that precisely in the trauma which every crisis brings, we are given the opportunity to reassess the principles by which we have lived, in the direction of a more encompassing and adequate set of values, informed by a deeper faith. For such reassessment to occur, however, we must be willing to call into question our whole lives, and not just those decisions contributing to the specific crisis now confronting us. I believe that close to the very heart of pastoral work is that enlivening and encouraging pastoral presence which supports change in the face of obstacles and overwhelming anxiety, and which mediates the Giver of Life in a way which makes radical change truly possible. I elaborate upon this conviction in two sections: the first discusses the role of the pastor in crisis intervention and the second advances the claim that exacerbating a sense of crisis for the sake of facilitating peoples' growth in faith is the uniquely pastoral contribution to helping people in crisis.
Prospective evaluation of aluminum loading from formula in infants with uremia.

Assessment of potential aluminum loading from regular ingestion of a commercial infant formula (Similac PM 60/40), as the only milk substitute, was made in 14 infants aged 9.6±4.4 months who were also undergoing continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis. Tissue aluminum accumulation was assessed by serial measurements of plasma aluminum levels, from the increment in plasma aluminum after a standardized deferoxamine infusion, and from quantitative histomorphometry of bone and measurements of total bone aluminum content. Initial mean plasma aluminum levels were 0.61±0.32 μmol/L, (normal 0.30±0.04 μmol/L), and values were
Role of STIM and Orai proteins in the store-operated calcium signaling pathway

Abstract Ca2+ signals are universal among cells in regulating a spectrum of cellular responses. Phospholipase C-coupled receptors activate two components of Ca2+ signals—rapid Ca2+ release from ER stores, followed by slower Ca2+ entry from outside the cell. The coupling process between ER and PM to mediate this “store-operated” Ca2+ entry process remained until recently a molecular mystery. The recent discovery of the necessity for STIM1 and Orai proteins in this process has provided crucial information on the coupling mechanism between stores and PM Ca2+ entry. STIM1 is a single spanning membrane protein with an unpaired Ca2+ binding EF-hand and appears to function as the sensor of ER luminal Ca2+, and, through redistribution in the ER, transduces information directly to the PM. Orai1 is a tetra-spanning PM protein and functions as the highly Ca2+-selective channel in the PM that is gated through interactions with the store-activated ER Ca2+ sensor. Recent evidence shows the two proteins together are necessary and sufficient for the function of store-operated Ca2+ entry. However, many questions arise about how and where the interactions of the STIM1 and Orai1 proteins occur within cells. Here we discuss recent information and ideas about the coupling between these proteins that leads to store-operated channel activation.
Image Quality Requirements in Optical Systems for Reproducing Typewritten Documents

To determine the modulation transfer function requirements for optical systems used in reproducing typewritten documents, sample reproductions were made with apparatus set for different modulation transfer functions in the negative-to-positive steps of the reproduction system. The ninety-six samples were presented in random order to thirty evaluators, who were asked to rate them as acceptable or not acceptable, in order to establish the relationship between objective and subjective image quality. Data are given showing the influence of negative-to-positive image quality degradation on the acceptability of document reproductions.
Identity federation for voip-based services

Identity Federation enables managing a single User's multiple Identities across administrative domains. Instead of forcing a single Identity for the User, it leverages trust between Service Providers to share User Identity information viz. Authentication, Authorization and Attributedetails. Users can federate their multiple Identities at different domains, for combined cross-domain benefits such as Single Sign On(SSO) on the Internet. In this paper, we analyze and present how the power of Identity Federation can be used within VoIP, to offer a more flexible and capable service environment to the User. Also, Identity Federationcan save VoIP, from any impending challenges of "Identity multiplicity" arising from the presence of numerous Service Providers. We select the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and argue that in order to achieve its true potential of a pervasive VoIP platform, SIP needs a way for supporting "mobility across multiple User Identities". The paperanalyzes differences in introducing Identity Federation for VoIP, as compared to HTTP-based services and identifies additional benefits that are possible for VoIP entities. An important aspect is that of user control over Identity Federation enablement and usage, keeping in line with the SIP design philosophy. We propose a user-controlled Identity Federation sub-layer within SIP, so that federation benefitscan be leveraged to all kinds of multimedia applications. We also present a set of exemplary yet novel use-cases enabled by the framework.
An analysis of the activities of 3 key enzymes concerned with the interconversion of -ketoglutarate and glutamate: correlations with free glutamate levels in 20 specific regions of the nervous system.

Abstract The activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic dehydrogenase have been analyzed both on a tissue and on a protein basis in 20 specific regions of the nervous system. The enzyme activities were related to previous work 15,16 outlining the free glutamate distribution in these same tissues. Changes in enzyme activities from tissue to tissue did not parallel the established free glutamate difference. A given enzyme activity may thus be associated with the regulation of a certain range of free glutamate, as defined by the particular group of tissues. An interesting correlation between free glutamate content and enzyme activity was uncovered for each of the 3 enzymes which should be of value in eventually delineating their precise role in free glutamate regulation.
A Novel Activation Function for NAB Proteins in EGR-dependent Transcription of the Luteinizing Hormone β Gene

Next Section Abstract The EGR1/NGFI-A transcription factor directly activates the luteinizing hormone β (LHβ) subunit promoter, and female mice lacking EGR1 are infertile due to LHβ deficiency. TheNGFI-A-binding proteins NAB1 and NAB2 are corepressors of EGR1/NGFI-A and of the related proteins EGR2/Krox20 and EGR3. Here we report that at certain promoters, including LHβ, NAB proteins display a novel ability to stimulate EGR-directed transcription. NAB coactivation requires the conserved NCD2 protein domain, previously implicated in NAB corepression, is strictly dependent upon EGR binding to the LHβ proximal promoter and is independent of EGR activation domains. Furthermore, we report that NAB-activated promoters such as LHβ contain EGR consensus sites that are fewer in number and lower in binding affinity than those found at NAB-repressed promoters such as basic fibroblast growth factor. Analysis of mutant and synthetic promoters confirms that both the strength and multiplicity of EGR-binding sites influence the transcriptional outcome of NAB recruitment. These results suggest a novel means by which EGR target genes could be differentially regulated in cells where EGR and NAB proteins are coexpressed.
Comparison of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering on sharp and truncated silver nanocubes

Sharp and truncated Ag nanocubes ranging from 60 to 100 nm in size were synthesized, and the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities of these nanoparticles were compared with respect to both size and shape (i.e. sharp vs. truncated) using 514 or 785 nm lasers. Two trends were observed: (i) larger particles (90 and 100 nm) were found to have higher SERS efficiencies, and (ii) particles with shaper corners gave more intense SERS signals than their truncated counterparts. The difference in enhancement factor was mainly attributed to the variation in overlap between the laser source and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands as a function of size and degree of truncation.
Morphology and structural phase transitions of Pd monolayers on Ta(110).

The morphology of Pd overlayers on Ta(110) was studied for various Pd coverages before and after heat treatment. As was reported for Pd on Nb(110), a structural phase transition from a commensurate epitaxial overlayer to an incommensurate overlayer was found at approximately one monolayer (ML) coverage (1 ML=1.89 A\r{}). Valence-band photoemission and Auger-electron energy distribution curves show modifications of the Pd-derived valence-band states attributable to Pd\char22{}Ta bonding and reduced Pd nearest-neighbor coordination. Little change is seen in the Pd density of states during the commensurate-incommensurate transition. Thicker Pd layers (thetag1 ML) evolve toward the structure and photoemission properties characteristics of Pd(111). Thermal treatment of the thick Pd overlayer triggered the interdiffusion of Ta and Pd and produced an extended Pd-Ta surface compound. Further heat treatments caused additional Pd and Ta interdiffusion and left a surface-retained Pd ``monolayer'' with the same structure as the Ta(110) substrate.
Assessment of Neurotoxicity from Potential Medications for Drug Abuse: Ibogaine Testing and Brain Imaging

New technologies utilized for monitoring brain function can be more sensitive in the assessment of desired or undesired pharmacological effects than can clinical examination. Nonetheless, careful case-by-case analysis is required to determine to what extent a change detected with a sensitive imaging modality will have clinical significance. Whereas in some instances the technology may suggest a subclinical condition years before clinical signs develop, in other instances changes seen may be compensated for through system reserves, redundancy, or plasticity. Furthermore, simultaneous application of several assay instruments, including behavioral, electrophysiological, and nuclear medicine approaches, may be appropriate and useful for establishing correlations between changes in specific aspects of brain function and amelioration of a disease (drug abuse disorder) or its sequelae. In the example of ibogaine, a testing strategy was developed to assess human subjects for possible changes in cerebellar function (that were suggested by preclinical findings indicating subtle damage). Thus, subjects may be tested for subclinical alterations during and immediately following a clinical trial. This "harbinger of toxicity" approach would provide clinicians the critical data necessary for appropriate follow-up of subjects as well as the propriety of continuance of the clinical trials within the ibogaine project.
The Relationship between Urban Development and Housing Prices in China

This article analyzes the relationship between urban development and housing prices in China. When comparing data from three recent consecutive years, with some exceptions, the result shows that in general, housing price is determined by urban development in most urban regions. The article summarizes strategies for affordable housing development and housing policy in China, and analyzes the implications of this study for social work and education. It advocates comprehensive new thinking on a broader topic: how to maintain healthy housing prices and stable development in China.
Development of the scales in Lepisosteus as a model for scale formation in fossil fishes

The living holostean fish Lepisosteus and the closely related Atractosteus offer a unique opportunity to study the development and homology of the ganoine-covered scales typical of early groups of actinopterygian fishes. Unlike the living chondrostean Polypterus, the scales of lepisosteids lack dentine and thus the role of the dentine, epidermis and mesodermal mesenchyme can be compared. Formation of the ‘preganoine’ is shown for the first time in Lepisosteus. Initial results show that in Lepisosteus ganoine is formed on the inner surface of a cell layer, apparently mesenchymal in origin, proliferating deep to the epidermal basement membrane. If this is correct ganoine in Lepisosteus is mesodermal and its formation has changed significantly from the pattern in the closely related fossil Semionotidae where dentine is present and is presumably involved in ganoine formation. The canals of Williamson in early fossil fishes were formed by migrating cells that played a major role in bone morphogenesis. The Lepisosteidae offer a unique opportunity to study these cells in a living vertebrate.
Problem-Solving Behavior in Men with Frontal Or Occipital Brain Injuries

(1953). Problem-Solving Behavior in Men with Frontal Or Occipital Brain Injuries. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 329-351.
Regulation of Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis in Depression

The characterization of depression as a treatable disease has led to very significant research aimed at understanding disease mechanisms and treatments. Antidepressant therapy, employing chemical and non-chemical antidepressants are quite successful in treatment of the disorder although their mechanism of action is not well understood. Basic research with rodent models is providing vital evidence concerning the molecules and mechanisms involved in antidepressant action. The regulation of neurotrophic and growth factors observed after antidepressant administration is seen as playing an important role in modulating the therapeutic effects of antidepressants. Recently, adult neurogenesis or the birth of new neurons has emerged as a physiological phenomenon necessary for the behavioral response of antidepressant treatment. Equally interesting are correlative associations between neurogenesis and angiogenesis or the birth of new vasculature. Growth factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) play vital roles in both these phenomena making the interplay of neurogenesis and angiogenesis an exciting avenue of brain research. This review will focus on the research that has led us to this current understanding of antidepressant action in context with the pathophysiology of depression using examples from basic, preclinical and clinical investigations.
Video Games: A Route to Large-Scale STEM Education?

Video games have enormous mass appeal, reaching audiences in the hundreds of thousands to millions. They also embed many pedagogical practices known to be effective in other environments. This article reviews the sparse but encouraging data on learning outcomes for video games in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines, then reviews the infrastructural obstacles to wider adoption of this new medium.
Micromachined Pt–Rh and stainless steel relays for high power DC applications

Abstract This paper explores the viability of bulk metal foils, in particular platinum–rhodium (Pt–Rh), for use in high power micromechanical relays. The electrical and thermal response of electrostatically actuated three-terminal micro-relays is evaluated. The micro-relays have a footprint of 6.5 mm 2 and an actuation area of 1.32 mm 2 . A stacked double cantilever structure isolates the actuation electrode from the current path. A micromachined heat sink is located on the upper cantilever. The devices are fabricated by micro-electrodischarge machining and directly assembled on power rated printed circuit boards. The impact of contact materials, and forced cooling is addressed. Preliminary results suggest that the Pt–Rh devices have total on-state resistances of 1.25 Ω and can handle currents substantially in excess of 1 A, and potentially in excess of 2.6 A.
Navigation and guidance in interstellar space

Abstract Interstellar spacecraft will be characterized by abundant propulsion, velocity approaching the speed of light, and very long mission times. The navigation and guidance of such a starship will involve an autonomous system sensing received radiation from celestial bodies and utilizing inertial measurements of the motions of the starship. The sensing phenomena which can be used are: (1) directions to distant stars; (2) directions to near stars; (3) Doppler shifts in observed stellar spectra (4) star brightness; (5) received waveforms transmitted from a coded beacon on Earth; (6) gyroscopic inertial sensing of starship rotation; and (7) accelerometer inertial sensing of the specific force acting on the starship. These measurements and their times of occurrence, although made locally in a starship frame of reference, can be related in an on-board computer to starship navigation parameters of position, velocity, and time, in a Sun-centered inertial-coordinate frame. To do this, proper accounting must be made for the relativistic effects which become significant due to the large velocity of the starship. In the general case, the relationship to the navigation parameters in the Sun frame established by any single on-board measurement cannot be solved explicitly. Estimates of these parameters can be determined by optimum recursive filtering of each measurement as it is made in the same manner that was used for the on-board navigation of the Apollo spacecraft on its Moon-landing missions. Even though time dilatation will shorten on-broad time relative to Earth time, and thereby lower Earth-observed failure rates, the necessary equipment life and reliability will be met only by careful design and construction. The authors feel that the present state of the art in theory and implementation of the space-vehicle navigation and guidance is far closer to supporting an interstellar mission than that of many of the scientific, technical, and engineering disciplines needed for such an adventure.
Multiple hydrogen bond stabilization of a sandwich complex of sulfate between two macrocyclic tetraamides.

A tetraamide macrocycle derived from isophthaloyl dichloride and diethylenetriamine shows extremely high affinities for phosphate and sulfate ions in CDCl3, with log K = 4.66 and 4.50, respectively. Crystallographic findings in the case of sulfate indicate an unusual sulfate sandwich complex, in which a single sulfate ion is held between two macrocyclic amides by hydrogen bonds to eight amides. Two tetra-n-butylammonium ions serve to balance the charge.
Coal metamorphism by igneous intrusion in the Raton Basin, CO and NM: Implications for generation of volatiles

Abstract The Raton Basin contains a series of Tertiary mafic dikes and sills that have altered millions of tons of coal to natural coke and may have played a minor role in generating some of the large coalbed methane resources currently being exploited in this region. Four outcrops within the Raton Basin were selected to investigate local coal rank elevation and volatile generation due to intrusive activity. Coal and organic shale samples were collected on traverses across meter-scale dikes and sills, and were analyzed for vitrinite reflectance, total organic carbon, bulk carbon isotopic ratios, and coke petrography. Reflectance patterns in the contact aureoles of the dikes display very consistent concave-up patterns, with reflectance values returning to background within one intrusion width from the contact. Bulk coal samples collected across dikes display an increase in δ13C of approximately 1‰ approaching all contacts. Reflectance patterns within the contact aureoles of sills do not decrease significantly until one half of an intrusion width away from the contact, but then drop steeply to background values by one intrusion width away. Bulk coal samples display complex isotopic patterns approaching sills, with an initial increase in δ13C followed by a steep decrease of approximately 1.5‰ approaching the top contacts. The distinct isotopic and reflectance patterns for dikes and sills may indicate that the coal in the contact aureoles of the sills experienced a longer heating duration than the coal near the dike contacts. This longer heating duration was due to the low thermal conductivity of coal, which acts as a thermal insulator to the sills that intrude coal beds. This style of intrusion is commonly observed throughout the central portions of the Raton Basin. By contrast, dikes intrude a variety of country rock types, and are not insulated by coal. Heat may escape the contact zone through nearby sandstones or shales. Based on reflectance patterns, hydrothermal convection played a role in heat transfer away from dikes. Data from both the dike and sill contacts suggest that time plays a role in controlling peak vitrinite reflectance values, at least over the short heating durations (tens of years) expected for meter-scale intrusions. Decreasing total organic carbon values approaching all contacts suggests the generation and escape of volatile species such as methane. Isotopic values within the contacts of dikes are consistent with the loss of 12C-enriched methane. The isotopic pattern observed at the contacts of sills may be due to accumulation of 12C-rich pyrolytic carbon close to the contacts, which is supported by petrographic observations. Even though multiple, thin, sheet intrusions are insignificant for conductive heating on a basin-scale, methane generation by sheet intrusions was volumetrically important in the Raton Basin because sills preferentially intrude coal beds in this region.
A modified technique for small-bowel transplantation in the rat

The rat model for small-bowel transplantation is becoming increasingly popular. The currently accepted microsurgical technique, however, is complicated by extensive dissection in the donor rat vascular system requiring a great deal of manipulation of the vessels themselves, with consequent complications of thrombosis and vascular injury. We describe a procedure for small-bowel transplantation in the rat that simplifies the currently accepted technique. The peripheral portion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) is used as the vascular pedicle of the segment of bowel to be transplanted rather than the SMA with an aortic cuff and the portal vein as previously described. The SMA and SMV are anastomosed to recipient aorta and inferior vena cava respectively. The bowel extremities are exteriorized, thus leaving access to the lumen for further studies. All anastomoses are performed with interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures. The procedure was performed in 11 animals. Good revascularization of the transplant was defined as immediate filling of the transplant vasculature with normal (pink) appearing bowel. Eight of the recipients had excellent revascularization. Venous occlusion was the cause of early failure in the remaining three animals. All animals were killed, autopsies performed, and the anastomoses examined. The longest survivors were killed at 7 months. Biopsies were obtained immediately and at daily intervals. Early ultrastructural changes of rejection in the transplanted bowel were studied by electron microscopy. Changes in the microvasculature were seen early after transplantation. Immunologic changes were apparent only later in the course of rejection. We conclude that this technique is successful in achieving functional small-bowel transplants in the rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D=11 supergravity: A class of solutions with a vanishing cosmological constant

Abstract A class of solutions of D=11 supergravity is explicitly constructed, in which the extra dimensions are spontaneously compactified to a squashed and parallelized S7 and therefore the cosmological constant in four dimensions vanishes. The existence of eight constant Killing spinors in these solutions suggests that there are 8 supersymmetries in four dimensions. As a by-product, an explicit formula for the Cartan-Schouten-Englert parallelizing torsion is obtained, which is globally valid on S7.
Abdominal aortic aneurysms. A reappraisal.

Of 141 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1959 who were not operated on, follow-up information was obtained from 137 patients (97.1 per cent). Of those followed 1 year or more, 87.6 per cent survived 1 year or more; 52.5 per cent survived 3 years, and 36.4 per cent survived 5 years after diagnosis. These results indicate that the prognosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm in this selected group of patients was somewhat better than that previously reported. The prognosis and survival of patients who had a history of associated cardiovascular disease at the time of diagnosis of aneurysm is distinctly less good than those of patients who had no such history. Of those with such a history, 75.0 per cent survived 1 year, 33.3 per cent survived 3 years, and 20.0 per cent survived 5 years. Of those without such a history 95.7 per cent survived 1 year, 63.2 per cent survived 3 years, and 50.0 per cent survived 5 years. Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and associated cardiovascular diseases are more likely to die of cardiovascular complications other than ruptured aneurysms. Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms who have no evidence of associated cardiovascular disease are more likely to die from a ruptured aneurysm than from anything else. It would appear that small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients with associated cardiovascular disease may be carefully observed until signs of expansion of the aneurysm or symptoms from the aneurysm appear.
The effect of vasopressin on phosphate transport in the proximal tubule of the dog.

Abstract Recollection micropuncture study was performed in 11 thyroparathyroidectomized dogs during antidiuresis to determine the effect of continuous vasopressin infusion at 50 mU/kg/h on proximal tubule phosphate and sodium transport. The animals were divided into two groups according to changes in mean arterial blood pressure. In the first group (five dogs) with increased blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mean proximal tubule fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio fell significantly from 1.69 to 1.53, whereas it remained unchanged at 1.60 in the second group (six dogs) with no change in blood pressure. In contrast, mean proximal tubule fluid-to-plasma ultrafilterable phosphate ratio increased consistently in both groups, regardless of blood pressure changes. Since natriuresis as well as phosphaturia were observed in all animals, the sodium effect of vasopressin in the distal nephron must be mainly responsible for the natriuresis. It was concluded that vasopressin, when given in the doses employed, inhibits phosphate transport in the proximal tubule and sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron. An additional effect on proximal tubule sodium reabsorption appears to be related to the rise in blood pressure and GFR secondary to vasopressin administration.
Monte Carlo study of the ground state of bosons interacting with Yukawa potentials

We study the ground state of a system of bosons interacting with Yukawa potentials, in both the liquid and solid phases, with a variational and an exact Monte Carlo method. A number of different wave functions to describe the solid phase are investigated. It is found that a Gaussian-Jastrow wave function has a lower energy than either a periodic wave function or a symmetrized Gaussian-Jastrow wave function. We have determined the liquid-solid coexistence curve and discovered that the solid melts when Lindemann's ratio exceeds 0.28. We have also determined that if the solid is superfluid, the superfluid fraction is less than 0.13. A significant conclusion of the comparison of exact and variational results is that the Gaussian-Jastrow wave function for a solid is better than the Jastrow function for liquid when used in a variational calculation. Thus a bias will be introduced when variational calculations are used to estimate crystallization and melting densities. There is a class of Yukawa potentials which do not have a crystalline phase at any density.