cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of centromeric histone H3 variant regulates chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The centromeric histone H3 variant (CenH3) is essential for chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. We identify posttranslational modifications of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CenH3, Cse4. Functional characterization of cse4 phosphorylation mutants shows growth and chromosome segregation defects when combined with kinetochore mutants okp1 and ame1. Using a phosphoserine-specific antibody, we show that the association of phosphorylated Cse4 with centromeres increases in response to defective microtubule attachment or reduced cohesion. We determine that evolutionarily conserved Ipl1/Aurora B contributes to phosphorylation of Cse4, as levels of phosphorylated Cse4 are reduced at centromeres in ipl1 strains in vivo, and in vitro assays show phosphorylation of Cse4 by Ipl1. Consistent with these results, we observe that a phosphomimetic cse4-4SD mutant suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth of ipl1-2 and Ipl1 substrate mutants dam1 spc34 and ndc80, which are defective for chromosome biorientation. Furthermore, cell biology approaches using a green fluorescent protein–labeled chromosome show that cse4-4SD suppresses chromosome segregation defects in dam1 spc34 strains. On the basis of these results, we propose that phosphorylation of Cse4 destabilizes defective kinetochores to promote biorientation and ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Taken together, our results provide a detailed analysis, in vivo and in vitro, of Cse4 phosphorylation and its role in promoting faithful chromosome segregation.
Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology for Biomass Estimation

In the past 15 years a series of international symposia was held to discuss the growing field of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology: Stockholm (1973), Cambridge, UK(1976), Washington, D.C. (1981) and Berlin (1984). The fifth symposium will be held in Florence, Italy, in November, 1987. Proceedings of these symposia were published by the following authors: Heden & Illeni (1975a,b), Johnson & Newsom (1976), Tilton (1982) and Habermehl (1985). An excellent review of rapid methods for food-borne microorganisms and their toxins was produced by Pierson & Stern (1986). An international workshop focusing on practical application of rapid methods was initiated by the author at Kansas State University in 1981. The seventh workshop was held in July of 1987.
Inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channel current and negative inotropy induced by arachidonic acid in adult rat ventricular myocytes.

We have previously shown an increase in arachidonic acid (AA) release in response to proinflammatory cytokines in adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVM). AA is known to alter channel activities; how...
GaInNAsSb for 1.3-1.6-/spl mu/m-long wavelength lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

High-efficiency optical emission past 1.3 /spl mu/m of GaInNAs on GaAs, with an ultimate goal of a high-power 1.55-/spl mu/m vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), has proven to be elusive. While GaInNAs could theoretically be grown lattice-matched to GaAs with a very small bandgap, wavelengths are actually limited by the N solubility limit and the high In strain limit. By adding Sb to the GaInNAs quaternary, we have observed a remarkable shift toward longer luminescent wavelengths while maintaining high intensity. The increase in strain of these new alloys necessitates the use of tensile strain compensating GaNAs barriers around quantum-well (QW) structures. With the incorporation of Sb and using In concentrations as high as 40%, high-intensity photoluminescence (PL) was observed as long as 1.6 /spl mu/m. PL at 1.5 /spl mu/m was measured with peak intensity over 50% of the best 1.3 /spl mu/m GaInNAs samples grown. Three QW GaIn-NAsSb in-plane lasers were fabricated with room-temperature pulsed operation out to 1.49 /spl mu/m.
Multiple Turning and Orienting Eggs During Incubation as They Affect Hatchability

Abstract TURNING eggs has long been known to be necessary in artificial incubation to secure satisfactory hatches. Until the development of Mammoth incubators, however, little attention was given to the manner of turnings eggs or to the number of times they were turned a day. Eycleshymer (1907) appears to be one of the first to report the effect of not turning eggs. He found that he obtained only a 15 percent hatch when the eggs were not turned as compared to 45 and 58 percent hatches when the eggs were turned two and five times per day, respectively. He further states “that position of egg is a factor of little importance.” Jackson (1912) found that eggs turned twice daily hatched slightly better than those moved only once a day and also that “eggs laid flat and turned twice daily gave better results than those kept in any other position.” Comparisons between . . .
Filtering and correlation of time-sequentially sampled spatiotemporal signals

With spatiotemporal signals sampled on a non-time-sequential lattice, continuous- and discrete-parameter convolution are equivalent. In many real systems, however, signals are actually sampled on a time-sequential lattice. The implementation of continuous-parameter 3D convolution with such sampled data generally requires interpolation to a non-time-sequential lattice. The exception occurs with data sampled time-sequentially according to a congruential ordering. With this data, a simple 1D convolution may be performed; and the frequency response of a desired spatiotemporal filter may be mapped directly to the frequency response of a 1D digital filter.
An Enhancer 20 Kilobases Upstream of the Human Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand Gene Mediates Dominant Activation by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is a TNF-like factor that is both produced by osteoblasts, mesenchymal cells, and activated T cells and required for osteoclast maturation and survival. The gene is up-regulated by the two primary calcemic hormones, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and PTH. Previous studies have indicated that five enhancer regions located significantly upstream of the mouse Rankl transcriptional start site mediate up-regulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 and PTH. The most distal of these, termed mRLD5, is highly conserved in the human gene at −96 kb where it was also shown to be functionally active. Four additional mouse Rankl upstream enhancers are also highly conserved in the human gene at −20, −25, −75, and −87 kb. In the present studies, we characterized the activity of these regions, explored their capacity to mediate the actions of 1,25(OH)2D3, and identified the vitamin D response elements contained within the two most proximal segments. Interestingly, whereas the m...
Subverting Satire: Edgar Hilsenrath's Novel Der Nazi und der Friseur and Charlie Chaplin's Film The Great Dictator

Charlie Chaplin's film The Great Dictator , a straightforward satire of Hitler and the Nazi movement, serves as a point of departure for Edgar Hilsenrath's Holocaust novel Der Nazi und der Friseur (The Nazi and the Barber). A comparison of their satiric elements and strategies demonstrates that the novel subverts the film's humanitarian appeal by ridiculing both perpetrators and victims of the Nazi atrocities. The novel's pervasive black humor undermines the satirical impulse and instead questions the validity of absolute categories in the representation of evil. For this reason, Hilsenrath's work occupies a special place within the tradition of Holocaust literature.
Improved operating scenarios of the DIII-D tokamak as a result of the addition of UNIX computer systems

The increased use of UNIX based computer systems for machine control, data handling and analysis has greatly enhanced the operating scenarios and operating efficiency of the DIII-D tokamak. This paper will describe some of these UNIX systems and their specific uses. These include the plasma control system, the electron cyclotron heating control system, the analysis of electron temperature and density measurements and the general data acquisition system (which is collecting over 130 Mbytes of data). The speed and total capability of these systems has dramatically affected the ability to operate DIII-D. The improved operating scenarios include better plasma shape control due to the more thorough MHD calculations done between shots and the new ability to see the time dependence of profile data as it relates across different spatial locations in the tokamak. Other analysis which engenders improved operating abilities will be described.
Seismic evidence for orthopyroxene enrichment in the continental lithosphere

We assess the ability of predicted seismic velocities (Vp, compressional wave; Vs, shear wave; and Vp/Vs) to identify regions in the upper mantle that are enriched in orthopyroxene relative to normal melt-depleted peridotite compositions. Orthopyroxene enrichment has been found in mantle xenoliths from a number of locations, including the Colorado Plateau and the Kaapvaal craton. We find that the Vp/Vs ratio is very sensitive to orthopyroxene concentration, but it is not sensitive to depletion level. We compare these predicted velocities and Vp/Vs ratios to the high Vs, low Vp/Vs anomaly found above the central Chile–Argentina flat slab. Within error, the predicted velocities of some of the orthopyroxene-enriched xenoliths match the observed velocities from the Chile-Argentina upper mantle. Because the anomaly above the central Chile–Argentina flat slab does not conform to known terrane boundaries but does align with the downgoing Juan Fernandez ridge track, we suggest that the orthopyroxene enrichment in this area may be related to flat slab processes, which would have implications for our understanding of lithospheric silica enrichment in the western U.S. and elsewhere.
Online Dating as Pandora's Box: Methodological Issues for the CSCW Community

As a socio-technical phenomenon, online dating has significant appeal to researchers interested in various aspects of human-computer interaction -- presentation of self in online environments; norms of disclosure and deception; and the extent to which technological design informs dynamics of human relationships. With these many facets of socio-technical practice come important and complex methodological questions, where both the sensitivity of the topic and the specific technologies being studied can introduce practical and ethical obstacles. This panel brings together scholars across human computer interaction, communication, information studies, and Internet studies to examine methodological issues that have arisen in their own work on online dating, with the objective of broadening these issues of ethics and methods to the wider CSCW community.
The Treatment of Pediatric Migraine with Acupuncture

Abstract Background: Migraine headaches are a common childhood ailment with a higher prevalence in adolescence. Acupuncture has gained popularity for treating migraine headaches. Objectives: The aim of this article is to introduce a five-step system to guide practitioners through the diagnosis, point selection, and treatment process for migraine headaches within the Traditional Chinese Medicine framework. Methods: Five steps, according to Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, are introduced that might assist a practitioner with diagnosis and treatment of a pediatric patient experiencing migraine headaches. The five steps are as follows: (1) clarify the location of the head pain; (2) understand how the patient's symptoms fit into pattern differentials; (3) choose a tolerable number of needles to use according to the patient's age and sensitivity level; (4) select effective acupuncture points; and (5) administer the acupuncture treatment safely. A case study is presented to illustrate the application of thes...
The Arabian Nights: Tales of Perennial Appeal

Noting its postcolonial influence as a hybrid oriental text of universal appeal, this paper discusses the modern legacy of The Arabian Nights, its modern English translations and its fine arts illustrations and transformations, with the conclusion that the collection of tales exercises an entertaining and expansive influence on the horizon of human knowledge and understanding, regardless of borders and boundaries. Instead of dividing and walling them out, it accommodates and brings together peoples, cultures, traditions and nations by charmingly speaking to a wide variety of audience and their dreams and views, whims and impulses, and fantasies and peculiarities, both realistic and imaginative.
Reliability, safety, and security in everyday embedded systems

Embedded systems permeate our everyday lives. From automobiles to elevators, kitchen appliances to televisions, and water heaters to cell phones, we increasingly depend upon embedded systems to operate as expected. A few obviously critical embedded application domains, such as aviation, have traditionally benefited from extraordinary care during development to ensure that everything is done correctly. But increasingly, everyday embedded applications are becoming “mission critical,” with little fanfare and perhaps without the full attention to dependability properties that they truly deserve. Consider the following potentially significant failure modes for embedded systems: A cell phone that doesn’t work when the owner needs to call for emergency medical attention. A domestic hot water heater that overheats water, causing scalding burns on a child. A thermostat that doesn’t turn on heat when needed, causing household water pipes to freeze and burst. A microwave oven that turns on with the door open. An automobile that unintendedly accelerates. Today, hardware interlocks mitigate many of these hazards. But, software is playing a bigger role as both a vulnerability and a mitigation mechanism for critical failures. Because most embedded systems have actuators that influence the environment, and because people count on them to operate as expected, special care must be taken to ensure that they are safe, reliable, and secure. Safety in the context of embedded systems deals with minimizing the frequency of mishaps (especially loss of life, injuries, and damage to property). In many ways this is the most mature of the areas we are discussing, because there are several industryspecific standards that can be followed to create safe systems (e.g., IEC 61508). There are, however, some significant research challenges outstanding in this area, including:
Economics in Agricultural College Curricula

HIS article reports the results of further inquiry and analysis of the questions raised in the article in this JOURNAL of August 1952 under the title "Required Economics for Agricultural Students." Copies of that article were sent to all heads of departments of agricultural economics and deans of instruction in land-grant colleges of agriculture,1 with a request that they indicate their reactions to it. Replies have been received from most of the colleges. Also further study has been made of the annual catalogues of these colleges and uncertain points have been cleared by correspondence. The analysis will be broader than that in the first article and will consider the economics in curricula as wholes rather
Water Balance in the Mongolian Gerbil

A study was made of the Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus , to determine its water requirements and ability to utilize salt water. When available, free water is consumed (0.039 grams/gram body weight/day) and weight losses occur when the animals are deprived of water; however, after 29 days without water, body weight appeared to stabilize. Concentrations of salt water up through 0.8 molar could be utilized and some water was even obtained from 1.0 molar.
A PRODUCTIVITY-ORIENTED APPLICATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS TO THE DESIGN OF A HYPERVELOCITY MISSILE

A suite of Government-developed, productivity-oriented, Computational Fluid Dynamics software has been constructed for use in the aerodynamic design of missiles. This suite is based on a robust Eulerian solver, and it uses automated grid generation to drastically reduce the time required to set up flowfield computations. The software is described and then applied to two potential hypervelocity missile configurations; one using a bent nose for aerodynamic control, and the other using traditional canards. Comparisons made with wind tunnel data demonstrate the ability of the software suite to produce meaningful results for use by aerodynamic designers.
Non-Contact Experimental Modal Analysis of a Curved Beam Using a Full-Field Optical Technique

The prediction of the response of structures with complex geometries has seen extensive work analytically and numerically, with incomplete experimental work. In this investigation the non-contact full-field 3D digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique coupled with high-speed imaging and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are used to study the dynamic behavior of a clamped-clamped curved beam subjected to harmonic base excitation. Images were processed using 3D-DIC to gather the full-field displacement measurements of the beam. The effect of the clamping process on the radius of curvature of the beam was characterized prior to the swept-sine test. During testing, 1024x512-pixel images were taken at a rate of 3000 fps. Natural frequencies and mode shapes were determined for a curved beam subjected to a swept-sine test at an excitation of 9g’s and over a frequency range of 60 – 430 Hz.
Diminished effect of cAMP on Ca2+ accumulation in skinned fibers of hypertrophied rat heart

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ uptake is reduced in the hypertrophied ventricle. To determine whether events initiated by beta-adrenergic stimulation are involved, we compared the effects of aden...
High-Choice Revisited: An Experimental Analysis of the Dynamics of News Selection Behavior in High-Choice Media Environments

Explosive growth in the number of options prompts media researchers to consider how selection behavior changes under higher choice conditions. Two experiments demonstrate that choice environments o...
5.38 – Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorders, yet its pathophysiology is incompletely understood and pharmacological treatments remain unsatisfactory. In the last decade, research developments have provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal dysfunctions associated with this disorder. Recent studies have provided evidence for a possible role of mucosal immune activation. On the other hand, novel findings using functional brain-imaging techniques support the concept that altered perception of visceral stimuli plays a key role in IBS symptom generation. These seemingly contradictory findings have revived the discussion about the relative contribution of peripheral versus central mechanisms in the symptom generation of IBS. In this chapter, we will discuss recent evidence for both changes in visceral perception and alterations in endogenous pain modulation systems and chronic inflammatory mucosal changes in the gut reported in IBS.
On a Model of Nonlocal Continuum Mechanics Part II: Structure, Asymptotics, and Computations

We consider the asymptotic behavior and local structure of solutions to the nonlocal variational problem developed in the companion article to this work, On a Model of Nonlocal Continuum Mechanics Part I: Existence and Regularity. After a brief review of the basic setup and results of Part I, we conduct a thorough analysis of the phase plane related to an integro-differential Euler--Lagrange equation and classify all admissible structures that arise as energy minimizing strain states. We find that for highly elastic materials with relatively weak particle-particle interactions, the maximum number of internal phase boundaries is two. Moreover, we also develop explicit bounds for the number of internal phase boundaries supported by any material and show that this bound is essentially inversely related to the particle size. To understand the question of asymptotics, we utilize the Young measure and show that in the sense of energetics and averages, minimizers of the full nonlocal problem converge to minimizers of two limiting problems corresponding to both the large and small particle limits. In fact, in the small particle limit, we find that the minimizing fields converge, up to a subsequence in strong-Lp, for 1 ≤ p < ∞, to fields that support either a single internal phase boundary, or two internal phase boundaries that are distributed symmetrically about the body midpoint. We close this work with some computations that illustrate these asymptotic limits and provide insight into the notion of nonlocal metastability.
Teec Nos Pos: More Possible Cannibalism in Northeastern Arizona

ABSTRACTAn incomplete male skeleton and one bone of a child found at Teec Nos Pos (NA 10674) exhibit the minimal criteria of butchering, breaking, and burning believed indicative of social pathology and cannibalism. Pottery suggests that the incident occurred between A.D. 700 and 900.
A wirelessly-powered homecage with animal behavior analysis and closed-loop power control

This paper presents a new EnerCage-homecage system, EnerCage-HC2, for longitudinal electrophysiology data acquisition experiments on small freely moving animal subjects, such as rodents. EnerCage-HC2 is equipped with multi-coil wireless power transmission (WPT), closed-loop power control, bidirectional data communication via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Microsoft Kinect® based animal behavior tracking and analysis. The EnerCage-HC2 achieves a homogeneous power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 14% on average, with ∼42 mW power delivered to the load (PDL) at a nominal height of 7 cm by the closed-loop power control mechanism. The Microsoft Kinect® behavioral analysis algorithm can not only track the animal position in real-time but also classify 5 different types of rodent behaviors: standstill, walking, grooming, rearing, and rotating. A proof-of-concept in vivo experiment was conducted on two awake freely behaving rats while successfully operating a one-channel stimulator and generating an ethogram.
Islamic Housing Finance

Islamic home finance (IHF) is a form of home finance based on Shari’a law, and viewed by many as an alternative to the problems associated with conventional mortgages. IHF has grown rapidly around the world since the early 2000s, including in Western or non-Muslim-majority countries. This article explores the characteristics, evolution, and issues surrounding IHF in the United Kingdom and the United States, two Western countries where IHF has expanded most rapidly. Essentially, IHF relies on the prohibition of riba (generally translated as ‘interest’) as well as a number of other prohibitions, including the requirement that the securitisation of mortgages involve a clear underlying asset or assets.
Strategies: Models and Problems

This afternoon we shall continue to discuss methods of modifying DNA in microorganisms with the object of increasing their economic value to man. But before any engineering is begun, we might take note of microbial enzymatic reactions at present in operation. What general patterns have been established by the more subtle pressures of evolution? Time is not available for an adequate survey, and a few examples from one important area must suffice: these will be taken from the reactions employed by aerobic microorganisms to degrade aromatic compounds. As a unit of biochemical structure, the benzene nucleus takes second place only to glucosyl units, and there is more lignin to be found in nature than protein. However, man, rats and E. coli have very little ability to degrade aromatic compounds, although it may be noted that recent work has shown that some strains of E. coli exhibit greater expertise than was once believed. And since these species have received so much attention, many biochemists who turn their attention to soil isolates find that bacterial aromatic catabolism is complicated and confusing. It is, in fact, neither; because the never-ending degradation of the Earth’s aromatic natural products has been confined to eight or so separate and distinct metabolic channels leading into the Krebs cycle.
Sexual and gender-based violence in natural disasters: emerging norms

Gender-based violence – An umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will and that is based on socially ascribed (i.e. gender) differences between males and females …...
Generation of An Automated Tool for the Identification of Genetics Markers and Signatures in Multiple Myeloma Risk-Stratification

Abstract 2881 Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a remarkable heterogeneity in outcome following standard and high-dose therapies. Significant efforts have been made to identify genetic changes and signatures that can predict clinical outcome and include them in the routine clinical care. Gene expression profiling (GEP) studies have achieved a central role in the study of multiple myeloma (MM), as they become a critical component in the risk-based stratification of the disease. To molecularly stratify disease-risk groups, we performed GEP on purified plasma cells (obtained from the immunobead selection of CD138+ cells) from 489 MM samples in different stages of the disease using the Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 array. A total of 162 probes were analyzed using an in house automated script to generate a GEP report with the most used risk stratification indices and signatures, including the UAMS 70-gene, UAMS class, TC classification, proliferation and centrosome signature, and NFKB activation indices. In a subset of 57 samples, IgH translocations were analyzed using FISH and results were correlated with GEP data. A macrophage index was calculated and used as a surrogate measurement of non-plasma cell contamination. A total of 49 samples (10%) were excluded from subsequent analysis as the macrophage index indicated a significant contamination with no plasma cells, hence potentially compromising the results. The percent of high-risk disease patients identified from different signatures ranged from 26.4% by using high proliferation index to 28.8% with high centrosome signature and 31.3% with high 70-gene index. This percent of high-risk cases based on the 70-gene index is similar to what was found in Total therapy 2 (TT2) and TT3 cohorts. A third of patients (33.2%) were classified as D1 in the TC class, followed by 11q13 (19.3%), D2 (16.4%), 4p16 (13.8%), MAF (6.1%), None (4.7%), D1+D2 (4.5%) and 6p21 (1.8%). The NF-kB pathway was likely activated in 45.5% to 59.5% of cases, depending on the index used for its calculation. High proliferation index and high centrosome signature significantly correlates with 70-gene high-risk group (p Disclosures: Stewart: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding. Fonseca: Consulting :Genzyme, Medtronic, BMS, Amgen, Otsuka, Celgene, Intellikine, Lilly Research Support: Cylene, Onyz, Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Computational analysis of religious and ideological linguistic behavior

In today's global environment, effective communication between groups of diverse ideological beliefs can mean the difference between peaceful negotiations and violent conflict. At the root of communication is language, and researchers at the University of Virginia Center for Religion, Politics, and Conflict (RPC) hypothesize that the analysis of the performative character of a group's discourse (how words are used) provides valuable guidance for how to negotiate with groups of differing ideological beliefs. However, high pressure situations leave little time for an exhaustive analysis of this nature. To address this challenge, this paper expands on the signal processing approach of previous work in the literature, which evaluated the efficacy of a computational approach to applying performative analysis to predict linguistic rigidity. Significantly, this paper evaluates the generalizability of computational performative analysis by considering text from non-religious groups. These include groups focused on political and social agendas rather than religion. The key computational and analytical improvements described in this paper include an enriched judgment selection process and the extraction and analysis of pronoun usage. By examining the raw text of various religious and ideological groups, results show an improved accuracy of 97% for predicting linguistic rigidity, compared to the best predictive accuracy of 83% reported in previous work. These results strengthen the evidence for the hypothesis of the effectiveness of computationally implemented performative analysis as predictive of linguistic rigidity. The results also provide evidence that this approach is applicable to non-religious groups since the predictive accuracy is as consistent with these groups as it is for religious groups.
Retrofitting Building Roofs with Aerodynamic Features and Solar Panels to Reduce Hurricane Damage and Enhance Eco-Friendly Energy Production

Abstract Wind-induced negative pressure on roofs of low-rise buildings is a major source of losses and community disruption. Vortex suppression technologies may reduce wind loads on buildings; however, it is challenging to implement an effective strategy to reduce wind loads on roofs with minimal loads on the mitigation feature itself. In this paper, the performance of different aerodynamic mitigation features is investigated in a comparative study. The results show that solar panels are relatively effective in reducing wind-induced uplift forces on a flat roof. Compared with all mitigation features presented, the airfoil is the most effective in reducing uplift loads, with promises to proceeding research in this area. In addition, the study investigates wind impact on a gable roof building with different configurations of solar panels, to reduce wind-induced loads on the host building while maintaining a visually appealing installation to permit broad usage and application. Pressure coefficients on roofs and solar panels from both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and laboratory experiments are compared. The study shows that the optimal roof/solar panel combination reduces wind loads on low-rise buildings, i.e. improves the performance, in addition to providing ecofriendly energy especially when power outage is expected.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of pertussis epidemiology in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1980–2015

Objectives In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), pertussis disease incidence has reportedly increased since 2000 despite high vaccine coverage. A systematic review of pertussis literature and a meta-analysis was conducted to understand the burden of disease in LAC. Methods A systematic literature review was completed, using relevant search terms. Original articles describing pertussis epidemiology and vaccine coverage in LAC published between 1980 and 2015 were identified. Applying a Bayesian meta-analysis random-effects model, we calculated pooled estimates and corresponding 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) for pertussis incidence, case fatality ratio (CFR), pertussis prevalence among contacts, and coverage with three doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) vaccine (DTP3). Results A total of 59 studies meeting our selection criteria were identified, representing 15 countries. Of the 59, 15 of them provided incidence data, with 7 of the 15 reporting a pertussis case definition. The pertussis incidence estimate for the 1980–1999 period was 17.8 cases per 100 000 persons (95% CrI: 5.9–29.7); for the 2000–2015 period, it was 2.5 cases per 100 000 persons (95% CrI: 1.8–3.2). For the 1980–2015 period, the CFR, in 19 studies reviewed, was 3.9% (95% CrI: 2.9%–4.9%); for that same period, in 5 studies reviewed, pertussis prevalence among contacts was 24.9% (95% CrI: 13.7%–36.1%). Pooled DTP3 vaccine coverage estimates, in a total of 20 studies reviewed for the following three time periods, were: 1980–1990, 72.4% (95% CrI: 64.6%–80.2%); 1991–2000, 79.0% (95% CrI: 66.1%–91.9%); and 2001–2015, 90.0% (95% CrI: 87.7%–92.3%). Conclusion A decrease in pertussis incidence and an achievement of moderately high DTP3 vaccine coverage since the early 2000s was observed. The review highlights the need for increased publication of pertussis data at the country level and for LAC as a whole in order to better understand the true burden of the disease. Application of a standardized case definition and use of active case finding would aid in obtaining more accurate estimates of the disease burden in LAC.
An application of Deep Neural Networks to the in-flight parameter identification for detection and characterization of aircraft icing

Abstract This paper applies the Deep Neural Networks to the in-flight parameter identification for detection and characterization of the aircraft icing. General dynamics of the aircraft are firstly presented, ice effects on the dynamics are characterized. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) are briefly introduced. We propose a “state-image” approach for the pre-processing of the input flight state, then we design a DNN structure which models both local connectivity (using CNN) and temporal characteristics (using RNN) of the flight state. The identified parameters are exported from the DNN output layer directly. To fully evaluate the performance of the DNN-based approach, we conduct simulation tests for different cases which correspond to clean and aircraft icing at different locations (wing, tail, wing and tail) with different severities (moderate, severe). A comparison of the DNN-based approach with a baseline H ∞ -based identification algorithm (state-of-the-art for aircraft icing) is also delivered. Based on the test and comparison results, the DNN-based approach yields more accurate identification performance for more parameters, which shows promising applicability to the in-flight parameter identification problem.
Quantitative approximation by perturbed Kantorovich–Choquet neural network operators

This paper deals with the determination of the rate of convergence to the unit of perturbed Kantorovich–Choquet univariate and multivariate normalized neural network operators of one hidden layer. These are given through the univariate and multivariate moduli of continuity of the involved univariate or multivariate function or its high order derivatives and that appears in the right-hand side of the associated univariate and multivariate Jackson type inequalities. The activation function is very general, especially it can derive from any univariate or multivariate sigmoid or bell-shaped function. The right hand sides of our convergence inequalities do not depend on the activation function. The sample functionals are of Kantorovich–Choquet type. We give applications for the first derivatives of the involved function.
Developing Trees Tolerant to Degraded Mine Soils in an Underground Greenhouse

This project is exploring the potential for developing trees tolerable to degraded un-reclaimed mine site soils and tailings as a solution to re-establishing long-term tree growth on those sites. The project incorporates growing tree seedlings in an underground greenhouse grown from seeds planted in the degraded mine soils in which they will eventually be planted. The outcome of the project is expected to lead to a successful solution for re-establishing tree growth in soils and tailings containing high metal concentrations with minimal post-planting human intervention. The research is being conducted in an underground greenhouse located 100 ft below the surface in the old Orphan Boy Mine Underground Mine Education Center (UMEC) located on Montana Tech’s campus in Butte, Montana.
Factitious Responding and Malingered Memory Disorder

The past decade has seen a dramatic increase in the study of false responding on neuropsychological tests (Sweet, King, Malina, Bergman, & Simmons, 2002). This study began as the examination of malingering. It now includes new constructs and terminology: feigned impairment, poor effort, deceptive performance, pseudoabnormalities, symptom exaggeration, fake bad, symptom fabrication, malingered neurocognitive dysfunction, noncredible cognitive performance, response bias, suboptimal performance and a number of other terms. There has also been the introduction of new methods. These include new tests (Green, Iverson, & Allen, 1999; Tombaugh, 1997), the examination of constructs other than memory, such as sensory and motor abilities (Suhr & Barrash, 2007), and new ways of analyzing the results of conventional neuropsychological tests (Iverson, Slick, & Franzen, 2000; Larrabee, 2003). Another general change has been the tremendous increase in dialog about malingering. It is now one of the most popular topics at conferences and most of the commentary papers in clinical neuropsychology journals focus on malingering (Lees-Haley & Fox, 2004). This chapter will review some of this history, new symptom validity assessment that relies on memory, a general model for evaluating new malingering assessment approaches and a general plan for future studies.
Passport to Academic Success: An Engaging, Active-Learning Library Orientation for New Students

Abstract Oberlin College Library's orientation program for new students uses a travel theme, putting students in control of their own journey as they explore a series of stations designed to be interactive, engaging, informative, and fun. Listed as an optional but highly recommended event during the College's overall orientation schedule, the self-guided tour informs students of a range of services available from both the Library and several other campus offices that have a shared stake in helping them achieve academic success. Students begin by picking up a passport at the building entrance; from there they visit stations to complete learning activities and collect stamps (“visas”). Afterward, students present their completed passport to collect gifts. This case study covers initial conception through planning, design, staffing, partnering with other campus offices, implementation, and assessment.
Molecular motors in materials science

Materials can be endowed with unique properties by the integration of molecular motors. Molecular motors can have a biological origin or can be chemically synthesized and produce work from chemical energy or light. Their ability to access large internal or external reservoirs of energy enables a wide range of nonequilibrium behaviors, including the production of force, changes in shape, internal reorganization, and dynamic changes in mechanical properties—muscle tissue is one illustration of the possibilities. Current research efforts advance our experimental capabilities to create such “active matter” by using either biomolecular or synthetic motors, and also advance our theoretical understanding of these materials systems. Here, we introduce this exciting research field and highlight a few of the recent advances as well as open questions.
Integration of near-infrared harvesting transparent luminescent solar concentrators onto arbitrary surfaces

Abstract Visibly transparent luminescent solar concentrators (TLSCs) can convert existing window glazing systems and non-window surfaces into solar energy harvesting resources, dramatically improving energy utilization efficiency. While there has been a significant interest in improving the power conversion efficiency, little attention has been focused on the challenges of integrating luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) onto non-window surfaces or windows with significant infrared absorption coefficients. In these situations, the total internal reflection (TIR) can be effectively disabled when LSCs are directly and seamlessly integrated onto surfaces that are highly absorptive or scattering to infrared light. To overcome this challenge, we utilize a low refractive index adhesive film with high transparency between the TLSC waveguide and the back surface, to maintain both the device functionality and aesthetic quality of the surface underneath. Photovoltaic measurements were conducted to show that the TIR is re-enabled with the presence of such a structure. Thus, this method can effectively improve LSC performance and scalability, and allows TLSCs to be integrated onto arbitrary surfaces such as automobiles, billboards, and buildings.
Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Molecular Testing in the USA

Each year in the USA, approximately 57,000 thyroid cancer cases are diagnosed, and 2000 patients die from this disease [1]. Compared to other common cancers (e.g., lung, pancreas, colorectal), the ratio of mortality to incidence is very low. The main reasons for this observation are threefold—(1) most primary thyroid cancers are differentiated carcinomas with low mortality rates, (2) the presentation of differentiated carcinomas at the higher stages (e.g., stage III or IV) is uncommon, and (3) the incidence of inherently aggressive dedifferentiated carcinomas (e.g., poorly differentiated carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma) is also very low. In general, differentiated carcinomas come in two varieties—those that are solid, hypoechoic, round, and well circumscribed or encapsulated and those that show invasion into the capsule and/or infiltration into adjacent tissues. Since the radiologic, cytologic, and histologic features of the former type overlap with those of benign hyperplastic and low-grade neoplastic nodules, preoperative distinction between some benign lesions and low-grade carcinomas is challenging (Fig. 60.1). Accordingly, approximately 30% of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens are placed in one of the indeterminate Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) categories [2, 3]. Furthermore, heterogeneity of the nodule and variability in sampling yields from the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) procedures may preclude a definitive diagnosis. For example, some follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) may demonstrate diagnostic cytologic features only focally. In another example, a 0.5 cm anaplastic carcinoma (AC) may be present in a 3 cm classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Due to the focality of the lesions, these areas may or may not be sampled by FNA. Furthermore, depending on the skill of the FNA operator, slide preparation technique, and nature of the thyroid nodule, the quality and quantity of lesional cells on the cytologic preparations may vary. In the USA, thyroid FNAs are performed by endocrinologists, surgeons, radiologists, otolaryngologists, and cytopathologists, and, therefore, not all cytology specimens are generated in the same manner. Processing of the aspirated specimens also varies—direct smears (e.g., Papanicolaou stain, Diff-Quik, or other Romanowsky-type stains), liquid-based cytology, and cell-block preparation. A cytopathology laboratory may use one or a combination of these methods. While patients with benign FNA diagnoses are observed, those with a malignant diagnosis often undergo surgery and/or other oncologic treatments. For the remaining indeterminate BSRTC diagnoses, the estimated risks of malignancy are too high for observation, and many are subjected to a diagnostic lobectomy or thyroidectomy. In this regard, the application of new technologies to elucidate the biologic nature of these nodules to minimize the number of diagnostic surgeries and maintain robust quality assurance has become an area of intense interest among clinicians, cytopathologists, and molecular pathologists.
A portable shield for a neutron howitzer used for instructional and research purposes

Neutron howitzers are routinely used in universities to activate samples for instructional laboratory experiments on radioactivity. They are also a convenient source of neutrons and gammas for research purposes, but they must be used with caution. This paper describes the modeling, design, construction, and testing of a portable, economical shield for a 1.0 Curie neutron howitzer. The Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code (MCNP5) has been used to model the (239)PuBe source and the howitzer and to design the external neutron and gamma shield.
Practical Approaches Toward Deep-Learning-Based Cross-Device Power Side-Channel Attack

Power side-channel analysis (SCA) has been of immense interest to most embedded designers to evaluate the physical security of the system. This work presents profiling-based cross-device power SCA attacks using deep-learning techniques on 8-bit AVR microcontroller devices running AES-128. First, we show the practical issues that arise in these profiling-based cross-device attacks due to significant device-to-device variations. Second, we show that utilizing principal component analysis (PCA)-based preprocessing and multidevice training, a multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based 256-class classifier can achieve an average accuracy of 99.43% in recovering the first keybyte from all the 30 devices in our data set, even in the presence of significant interdevice variations. Results show that the designed MLP with PCA-based preprocessing outperforms a convolutional neural network (CNN) with four-device training by ~20% in terms of the average test accuracy of cross-device attack for the aligned traces captured using the ChipWhisperer hardware. Finally, to extend the practicality of these cross-device attacks, another preprocessing step, namely, dynamic time warping (DTW) has been utilized to remove any misalignment among the traces, before performing PCA. DTW along with PCA followed by the 256-class MLP classifier provides ≥10.97% higher accuracy than the CNN-based approach for cross-device attack even in the presence of up to 50 time-sample misalignments between the traces.
Jerusalem: The Poetics of Space in the Works of Philippe de Mézières

People psychologically anchor themselves in the universe in terms of time and space. When an event occurs, they see it as a confluence of time and space, with the latter transformed into a particular place. To institutionally memorialize an event, to fix the fleeting moment which would otherwise be lost or remembered only hazily, rituals are enacted and then re-enacted periodically in either the place itself where the original event occurred or in re-creations elsewhere that recall a particular privileged space.1 Perhaps no place on earth has been so much the object of this treatment, and has illustrated more passionately the workings of the poetics of place, than the city of Jerusalem. The focus of this presentation is the poetic of the city of Jerusalem in the work of Philippe de Mezieres. Philippe, born ca. 1327, died 1405, was in turn soldier, diplomat, and politician, briefly a crusader, but a life-long propagandist for the Crusades; therefore this city occupied a dominant place in his thought. However, Philippe was very much a medieval man of learning, and as such borrowed extensively from his predecessors. It is therefore appropriate to first consider the earlier traditions that constituted his sources.
Cultural Tourism Routes as Incubators for Innovation and Economic Diversification : a Potential Analysis in the Framework of the New Silk Road Initiative in Azerbaijan

Cultural routes are today a widespread phenomenon throughout the Industrialized Countries (IC) and have become more and more prominent as a tool for tourism development in recent years (Flognfeldt, 2005:37; Meyer, 2004:5). For countries in the Southern Caucasus, who profit from their bridging position between Europe and Asia, the planned revival of the Ancient Silk Road (ASR) in form of the New Silk Road (NSR) offers substantial potentials for economic diversification by means of tourism as a catalyzing industry. On the case of Azerbaijan, this study analyzes the potential to trigger regional economic diversification within the existing national destination-system in a framework of route development. To this end, the methodological approach builds upon a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to diagnose the current degree of cluster maturity in the system, following the question of how Azerbaijan as a system of regional destination can access the transnational route system of the NSR.