cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yielding to the Prejudices of His Times

In 1516, Desiderius Erasmus published the first Greek New Testament. Almost immediately, it became embroiled in controversy and Erasmus was accused of heresy because of critical decisions he made about the text. The most controversial was his decision to not include 1John 5,7, the so-called Comma Johanneum, which was used as a defense of the Trinity. This essay examines the ways in which Erasmus attempted to protect himself and his New Testament from heresy charges as he revised it for its second edition. Then, it offers a further contextualization for why those attempts failed. Erasmus reinserted 1John 5,7 in his third edition.
The FTC and Privacy and Security Duties for the Cloud

Increasingly, companies, hospitals, schools, and other organizations are using cloud service providers (and also other third party data service providers) to store and process the personal data of their customers, patients, clients, and others. When an entity shares people’s personal data with a cloud service provider, this data is protected in large part through a contract between the organization and the cloud service provider. In many cases, however, these contracts fail to contain key protections of data. Because the consumer is not a direct party to these contracts and often cannot even have access to these contracts, the consumer is often powerless, and the consumer’s interests are often not adequately represented. In this short essay, we argue that there is a remedy in Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Act that prohibits unfair and deceptive trade practices. Certain key cases from the emerging body of FTC enforcement actions on data protection issues can be read together to create a double-edged set of duties – both on the organizations contracting with cloud service providers and on the cloud service providers themselves. Not only does an organization owe a duty to consumers to appropriately represent their privacy and data security interests in the negotiation, but cloud service providers have an obligation to the consumer as well, and cannot enter into contracts that lack adequate protections and controls.
Analytical solution for steady flow in a nonlinearly elastic vessel: prediction of negative resistance for positive transmural pressures

The Poiseuille equation describes steady flow in a rigid tube, and has been extensively used to relate pressure gradients to flow in blood vessels. However, blood vessels are distensible, and thus the true pressure-flow relationship is more complicated. Starting with the nonlinear Navier-Stokes equation, steady flow is derived for a cylindrical vessel with a nonlinear compliance. Although this derivation applies to blood vessels stretched with a positive transmural pressure, the nonlinear pressure-flow characteristics are similar to those of collapsible vessels. Thus the interesting behavior associated with collapsible vessels in the negative transmural pressure range (such as negative resistance) are predicted for cylindrical vessels stretched with positive transmural pressures. >
The Contingent Effect of Absorptive Capacity: An Open Innovation Analysis

Technological advancement and innovation requires the integration of both external knowledge and internal inventiveness. In this paper, we unpack the concept of absorptive capacity and separately explore the effect of different types of prior experience on the capacity to adopt external knowledge and make internal inventions. We also measure how absorptive capacity is influenced by changes in design “paths”. We investigate nine open source programming contests in which 875 software programmers submit over 4.7 million lines of code. We conduct our analysis at the individual level and identify how programmers gain the ability to adopt and invent valuable code. Our evidence both confirms the theory of absorptive capacity and suggests refinements to it. We find that prior experience with both adoption and invention can indeed improve the capacity to adopt and invent valuable code, but we find that experience with adoption has the largest effect on invention capacity. We also find that major changes in the design “path” both advance and impede absorptive capacity. Changes in path allow rapid experience with alternative ideas, and this eventually aids adoption and invention capacity. However, these changes temporarily harm the ability of programmers to create valuable inventions. We discuss the implications of our findings for the literature on absorptive capacity and open and distributed innovation. Version Date: April 3, 2011
Genome-wide gene-gene interaction analysis for next-generation sequencing

The critical barrier in interaction analysis for next-generation sequencing (NGS) data is that the traditional pairwise interaction analysis that is suitable for common variants is difficult to apply to rare variants because of their prohibitive computational time, large number of tests and low power. The great challenges for successful detection of interactions with NGS data are (1) the demands in the paradigm of changes in interaction analysis; (2) severe multiple testing; and (3) heavy computations. To meet these challenges, we shift the paradigm of interaction analysis between two SNPs to interaction analysis between two genomic regions. In other words, we take a gene as a unit of analysis and use functional data analysis techniques as dimensional reduction tools to develop a novel statistic to collectively test interaction between all possible pairs of SNPs within two genome regions. By intensive simulations, we demonstrate that the functional logistic regression for interaction analysis has the correct type 1 error rates and higher power to detect interaction than the currently used methods. The proposed method was applied to a coronary artery disease dataset from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) study and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) dataset, and the early-onset myocardial infarction (EOMI) exome sequence datasets with European origin from the NHLBI's Exome Sequencing Project. We discovered that 6 of 27 pairs of significantly interacted genes in the FHS were replicated in the independent WTCCC study and 24 pairs of significantly interacted genes after applying Bonferroni correction in the EOMI study.
Fault Tolerance in Message Passing and in Action

This talk will describe an implementation of MPI which extends the message passing model to allow for recovery in the presence of a faulty process. Our implementation allows a user to catch the fault and then provide for a recovery.
The Fate of Large Doses of Creatine Injected Intraperitoneally into Normal Rats

Four young adult male rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 227 mg. creatine and their urines collected for 48 hr. The creatine and creatinine in the carcass and urine of these 4 rats and in those of 4 control rats were determined. Eighty-nine per cent of the injected dose was recovered-83% in the urine and 6% in the carcass. The data are interpreted to indicate that there was no significant destruction of creatine under these experimental conditions in the normal rat.
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure and postnatal adaptation in premature newborn baboons ventilated for six days.

Abstract Objective Renal and cardiovascular function is improved during the first 24 hours of life in preterm ventilated baboons exposed to prenatal betamethasone (BETA). We hypothesized BETA-induced effects would be sustained through day 6 of life. Study design Pregnant baboons received saline or BETA (6 mg) 48 and 24 hours before preterm delivery at 125 days' gestation. The newborn baboons were ventilated for 6 days, and assessed for renal, cardiovascular, and endocrine function. Results Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values 24 hours after delivery were higher in the BETA group. Kidney Na, K-ATPase activity was higher in the BETA group by day 6. All other measures were similar in both groups by day 6. Conclusion Prenatal BETA exposure in the premature baboon: (1) increases MAP and GFR on day 1 without measurable effects by day 6 and (2) increases kidney Na, K-ATPase activity.
Comparative Chlorophyll Content of the Two Generations of Bryophytes

THE occurrence of chlorophyll in the sporophyte of Bryophytes has been noted by a number of investigators. Bold1,2 has reviewed the older literature, and, by cytological studies on living material, has demonstrated chloroplasts and starch grains in the foot, seta and capsule of a number of species of both liverworts and mosses. In the liverwort, Riella americana, “as the sporange approaches maturity, its color is much more deeply green than is that of the gametophyte”3. Douin4 has examined the pigments of gametophytes of forty species of mosses belonging to twenty-eight genera, finding that all of them contain chlorophylls a and b, as in higher plants. In a comparative study of the sporophyte and gametophyte of five species of mosses, no qualitative differences in chlorophylls a and b or carotenoids were found5.
Bifurcation behavior and efficient pure hydrogen production for fuel cells using a novel autothermic membrane Circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) reformer: Sequential debottlenecking and the contribution of John Grace

I am pleased to contribute, together with my Ph.D. student Zhongxiang Chen, this paper to the Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. special issue for Professor John Grace of the University of British Columbia in recognition of his many contributions to subjects of interest to readers in this journal. I have known John since the early 1970s (over 30 years now) when we were both studying for our Ph.D.'s in the U.K. (he was in Cambridge, and I was in Edinburgh). Since then, we have always been in close contact. I visited him at McGill and British Columbia Universities, and he visited me at King Saud and Auburn Universities, and we cooperated in the development of novel fluidized-bed reformers (e.g., Adris, A.; Grace, J.; Lim, C.; Elnashaie, S. S. E. H. Fluidized Bed Reaction System for Steam Hydrocarbon Gas Reforming to Produce Hydrogen. U.S. Patent 5,326,550, Jun 1994; Canadian Patent 2,081,170, Dec 2002). This was our first explicit application of the sequential debottlenecking methodology, although John has used the appro...
Accelerated anode failure of a high temperature planar SOFC operated with reduced moisture and increased PH3 concentrations in coal syngas

Abstract Electrolyte supported SOFCs with Ni-YSZ/Ni-GDC bi-layer anodes were operated at 800 °C and 900 °C with 8% H 2 O and 10–20 ppm of PH 3 /syngas to reduce steam-related interference accelerate degradation. Cell power output degraded rapidly within the first 12 h, with even faster degradation at 900 °C. Nickel phosphide phases detected in the anode include Ni 3 P, Ni 12 P 5 and Ni 5 P 2 , while CePO 4 formed in the catalyst layer. Irrespective of the electrolyte component used, phosphorus penetrated to the anode–electrolyte interface in electrically loaded cells, as well as with Ni-GDC cells in coupon tests. In contaminated bi-layer anodes, phosphorus appeared to concentrate away from the surface, suggesting oxidation of PH 3 when steam rich environments were present.
Single-crystal silicon micromirror array with polysilicon flexures

Abstract High-density micromirror arrays (1296 mirrors) have been fabricated with a process that combines the benefits of both bulk and surface micromachining. Arrays fabricated with this technique are characterized by optically flat mirrors characterized by radius of curvature (ROC) ∼1 m, spring constant uniformity (∼6%) across the array, and yields greater than 90%. Each array element consists of a mirror-in-gimbal structure that allows the mirror to rotate about two orthogonal axes when voltage is applied to electrodes beneath the mirror. A dry release process combined with through wafer etching and spin-cast polyimide is introduced as a simple, effective alternative to critical point drying for releasing the structures. Tilt angle measurements for these devices show stable angular range of ±5° (mechanical) at 160–170 V.
No Association between Circulating Levels and Genetic Variants of IL-6 and TNF-α and Colon Adenoma.

Background: Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), two important inflammatory cytokines, have been inconsistently associated with risk of colon neoplasia in epidemiological studies. However, research to date has not adequately assessed whether race-specific differences may exist in associations between biomarkers and genetic variants of these cytokines and colorectal adenoma - the precursor lesions of colorectal cancer. We sought to determine whether circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, or genetic polymorphisms in IL-6and TNF - α were associated with colon adenoma and if so, whether that association differed by race. Methods: We analyzed the associations of circulating levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-6 and TNF-α with risk of colon adenomas in a colonoscopy -based case-control study of 401 incident adenoma cases and 1,050 controls. We used multivariate unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for levels or genotypes (log additive models) of IL-6 and TNF-α. Results: Compared to the bottom tertile of IL-6, the adjusted ORs were 1.06 (0.75 - 1.44) and 1.01 (0.72 - 1.40), respectively for the 2nd and 3rd tertiles (P trend = 0.10); the corresponding ORs for TNF-α were: 0.85 (0.63 - 1.15) and 1.01 (0.75 - 1.36), respectively (P trend = 0.39). Race-stratified analyses did not reveal any significant associations. There were also no statistically significant associations between IL-6 and TNF-α SNPs and colon adenoma. Conclusions: Our results do not support pre-diagnostic levels of IL-6, TNF-α or their genetic variants as significant risk factors for the development of colon adenoma. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/gr529w
Somatic and non-somatic influences on the heart: hemodynamic changes.

Hemodynamic changes in response to two different stressors were obtained and compared in order to determine whether non-somatic influences on the cardiovascular system were similar to somatic influences regardless of the metabolic requirements. Ten subjects participated in three different treatment conditions: a) pre-performance anxiety (a realistic psychological stress condition), b) mild exercise (the physical stress condition), and c) a control (no stress condition). The exercise levels were assigned to elicit heart rates equivalent to those observed during the pre-performance anxiety condition. The cardiac index (CI) for both stressors was significantly increased above control values and even though the exercise condition had a higher predicted metabolic requirement, similar CI values were found in 8 out of 10 subjects. Two subjects classified as labile hypertensive responded with a greater cardiovascular reactivity to the psychological stress than to the physical stress. It appeared that the psychological stress condition evoked a cardiovascular response that was excessive for the metabolic requirements.
Quantitative Histological Studies on the Pathogenesis of Uremic Bone Disease

ABSTRACT Twenty-two patients with chronic uremia were separated into 3 groups on the basis of quantitative bone histology: 1) mild (10 patients); 2) osteomalacic (6); and 3) fibrotic (6). In the mild group there was an increase in forming surface; in the osteomalacic group, a delayed onset of mineralization; in the fibrotic group, increases in marrow fibrosis, bone formation and resorption. Since duration of renal disease was much shorter in the mild group, it was considered a precursor of the other 2 groups. In addition there were positive correlations between a number of bone parameters and duration of renal disease. Since duration of renal disease was similar in the osteomalacic and fibrotic groups, one did not appear to be an intermediate form of the other. The mineralization defect was confined to the osteomalacic group, but was not due to hypocalcemia, since serum calcium was normal and did not differ among the 3 groups. Most of the changes in the mild and fibrotic groups (increases in forming surfa...
Site influences herbicide efficiency and growth of planted hardwoods

Abstract Several herbicides (dalapon, 2,4-D, simazine, and diphenamid) were evaluated in response to their ability to promote height growth of black walnut, white ash, and yellow poplar through weed control when applied alone and in combinations on an upland and a bottomland site. Griwth benefits were highly dependent on the vegetation on the site. Dalapon and simazine were beneficial on the predominantly grassy upland for all three species whether applied alone or in combination. Simazine and 2,4-D alone or in mixture were beneficial on the bottomland, which contained mostly broadleaved weeds.
Health care financing administration’s new regulations for financial incentives in medicaid and medicare managed care: one step forward?

Because financial incentives for managed care physicians may create conflicts of interests, new regulations have been instituted that will result in disclosure of certain financial incentives to the Federal Government and to some patients. Given the limitations of these regulations, health plans and physicians should take the lead in addressing concerns about the harmful effects of financial incentives. For example, public disclosure may deter unusually strong financial incentives. Purchasing coalitions, advocacy groups, and journalists should have increased access to information about physician-level incentives. These nonregulatory measures might reassure patients that managed care physicians are committed to their best interests.
Sepsis in pediatric burn patients.

Objective: To review the specific infections common in pediatric burns, including their categorization, diagnosis, and treatment. Design: Review of the literature and expert opinion. Results: Children with serious burns are prone to a host of septic complications. This proclivity to infection is secondary to the immunosuppressive effect of burn injury, the loss of the skin and mucosal physical barriers, and the requirement for invasive support devices. Conclusion: Sepsis is common in the pediatric burn patient and can markedly increase morbidity and mortality. Anticipation, prompt diagnosis of infection, and effective therapy can result in successful outcomes for many of these children.
The Relationship of Social Science to Policy: The Case of the President's Crime Commission

The structure and methods of operation of President Johnson's Crime Commission are described. From the unpublished transcripts of the Commission meetings, the process by which the Commission utilized relevant data, theory, and perspectives in the formulation of its policy recommendations is analyzed. It is concluded that social scientific information and perspectives, although important, were not the significant basis for formulating the recommendations of the Crime Commission. The scientific purposes, methods, and audiences of social science are not readily transferred to the political purposes, methods, and audiences of social policy formulation. Extrascientific political considerations become the significant immediate consideration in policy formulation and implementation.
Phospholipid metabolism inNeisseria gonorrhoeae: Phospholipid hydrolysis in nongrowing cells

Hydrolysis of cell envelope phospholipids was demonstrated in cells of both autolytic and nonautolytic strains ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae that were labeled during growth in the presence of [3H] acetate. The label incorporated into the cellular phospholipids was located exclusively in the fatty acid acyl side chains. Labeled cells were incubated for 2 hr in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer, pH 8.5, containing various additions, and then examined for distribution of3H in lipids. Ca++ selectively stimulated the deacylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), whereas Mn++ stimulated the deacylation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A was accompanied by the accumulation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and free fatty acids in the cells. Free fatty acids accumulated to a greater extent than lysophosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting that the latter was further hydrolyzed to glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) and free fatty acids by a lysophospholipase. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, added at concentrations which inhibited growth by 50%, stimulated phospholipase A, but not lysophospholipase activity. Differences in heat inactivation, metal ion requirements, and pH optima suggested that phospholipase A activities with phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylglycerol as substrate and lysophospholipase may be separate enzymes.
SU-E-T-549: Validation of a Commercial Model-Based Collapsed Cone Dose Algorithm for High Dose-Rate Gynecological Brachytherapy Treatment Planning

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of calculations from a model‐based collapsed cone (MBCC) dose calculation algorithm developed for high dose‐rate brachytherapy applications. Methods: The algorithm was developed for use in a commercial brachytherapy treatment planning system (Oncentra Brachy, Nucletron an Elekta Company). The MBCC algorithm was used to calculate dose in water for (1) a mHDR‐v2 192Ir source, (2) a CT/MR‐compatible ovoid applicator set, and (3) a shielded Fletcher‐Williamson ovoid. For validation, MBCC algorithm calculations were compared to Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for equivalent geometries. The MC models were constructed using a multi‐purpose code, and were previously benchmarked against film measurements. The resulting dose distributions from each calculation approach were compared using isodose overlays and gamma analysis using 2% dose difference and 2 mm distance to agreement metrics. Results: Comparison of the MBCC and MC calculations for the 192Ir source and the CT/MR compatible ovoid set demonstrated excellent agreement, with 100% of MBCC dose points showing agreement within the stated criteria. As expected, agreement between MBCC and MC was lower for the shielded Fletcher‐Williamson tandem and ovoid applicator set due to the presence of high‐density tungsten alloy shields. However, even in this case, the MBCC algorithm showed 95.5% and 97.4% of dose points within the stated tolerance of the MC calculation in the mid‐plane and cross‐plane of the ovoid, respectively. All MBCC dose points showed 100% agreement with MC calculations beyond 5 mm the ovoid shields. Conclusion: The MBCC dose algorithm demonstrates excellent agreement with MC calculations for various gynecological brachytherapy applicator components in water, and offers the potential to improve the accuracy of dose calculations compared with current, clinically‐utilized TG‐43 calculations. research was funded by a grant from Nucletron, an Elekta Company
The Mutilation Questionnaire as a predictor of blood/injury fear and fainting.

Abstract The Mutilation Questionnaire, (MQ) was examined in terms of its psychometric characteristics, its relation to Fear Survey Schedule-11 Blood/Injury items, its ability to predict B/I-related fainting, a response common to many B/I fearful persons, and its factor structure. In two separate samples of college subjects, females reported greater B/I fear than males, the distributions were positively skewed and negatively kurtotic but internal consistency was adequate in both. The MQ correlated 0.75 with five B/I items taken from the FSS-II. While these two scales were comparable in assessing self-reported B/I fear, the MQ was more predictive of fainting. Discriminant analyses of the 30 MQ items in relation to prediction of subjects' faint histories resulted in 77% correct classification of faint history. However, responses to a single question concerning subjects' self assessment of B/I fear was equally as capable of classifying fainting status as the full MQ scale. Responses to the single fear question correlated 0.55 with faint history while MQ scores correlated only 0.45. Factor analyses of the MQ revealed two factors described as ‘revulsion of B/I stimuli’, accounting for 19% of item variance and ‘fear of bodily damage’, accounting for 7%. Implications of these results are discussed in terms of the FSS-II, the MQ and alternative means of B/I fear assessment.
Atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites in the mammalian heart: Localization to endomural vessels

The distribution of binding sites for atrial natriuretic peptide in cardiac ventricles of several mammalian species, including rat and human, was determined by in vitro autoradiography. The results revealed a unique anatomic localization of atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites to endomural vessels (Thebesian vessels), which communicate directly with the ventricular chambers. Digital image analysis indicated that these vascular channels possessed binding site densities comparable to those of the renal glomeruli a major target site for circulating atrial natriuretic peptide. In contrast, no specific labeling of branches of the coronary arteries and veins was detected. The discrete localization of atrial natriuretic peptide binding sites to this “primitive” cardiac circulatory system allows speculation as to the role of this hormone in the regulation of endocardialcirculation during cardiac development, normal ventricular function, and in coronary insufficiency.
Why the evidence for skin cancer screening is insufficient: lessons from prostate cancer screening.

Question: Can screening with whole-body skin examination decrease the rate of death from melanoma? Background: Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Most skin cancers are nonmelanoma cancers, either of the basal cell or squamous cell type. The incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer has been increasing for the past 3 decades. Purpose: To examine the evidence of benefits and harms of screening for skin cancer in the general population. Data Sources: MEDLINE and Cochrane Library searches (from June 1, 1999, to August 9, 2005), systematic reviews, reference lists of retrieved articles, and expert suggestions. Study Selection: English-language studies were selected to answer the following question: does screening of asymptomatic persons with a whole-body examination by a primary care clinician or by self-examination reduce morbidity and mortality from skin cancer? Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies of screening for skin cancer were selected. Data Extraction: All studies were reviewed, abstracted, and rated for quality using predefined United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria. Data Synthesis: No new evidence from controlled studies was found that addressed the benefit of screening for skin cancer with a whole-body examination. Limitations: There is a lack of direct evidence linking skin cancer screening to improved health outcomes. There is limited information on the accuracy of screening by physicians or patients using actual patients and lesions.
Transthyretin from Discovery to Now

As introduction to the First International Congress on Transthyretin in Health and Disease, this lecture traces the origin of the subject from the discovery in the 1950s that a serum protein migrating ahead of albumin in an electrical field binds the thyroid hormone, thyroxine. Early work defined the molecular and biological properties of thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA). Its tetrameric structure, first recognized from a polymorphism in monkeys, was later elaborated by crystallographic studies, and the very different affinity of its two identical thyroxine-binding sites was explained by an allosteric effect upon occupation of the first site. The far higher concentration of TBPA in cerebrospinal fluid compared to blood was explained by the discovery, 30 years later, that TBPA is synthesized by cells of the choroid plexus, and its rapid turnover in the body made TBPA a convenient marker of malnutrition and chronic disease. Late in the 1960s it was learned that TBPA also carries vitamin A in the circulation by interacting with retinol-binding protein (RBP). TBPA then was renamed transthyretin (TTR), in recognition of its dual transport function, and it was shown that retinol-RBP-TTR interactions are mutually enhancing. Investigation of the molecular genetics of TTR began in 1980 and a large number of inherited variants were discovered in the ensuing years. Some affect thyroxine and/or RBP binding but the majority are associated with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Seizing on this discovery, structural biologists are now investigating why mutated TTR changes from a compact, soluble molecule into a fibrillar, insoluble polymer, and how this pathological transformation might be prevented.
Suicidal and accidental digoxin ingestion. Report of five cases with serum digoxin level correlations.

Clinical and serum digoxin concentration data are presented for five cases of accidental or suicidal ingestion of large amounts of digoxin. Three patients, 20 years of age or less, were without previous evidence of heart disease and responded with the development of atrioventricular block or sino-atrial exit block, which was reversed in two instances by atropine. The third died with refractory hyperkalemia, suggesting generalized inhibition of the cellular sodium-potassium transport system. Ventricular ectopic beats did not occur in any of these three. In contrast, two patients with preexisting advanced coronary artery disease developed multifocal ventricular premature beats, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation as initial manifestations of toxicity. Serum digoxin levels 4 or more hours after each ingestion were markedly in excess of those ordinarily encountered in patients receiving usual therapeutic doses, reaching levels as high as 42 ng/ml. Apparent serum half-times between 5 and 48 h...
Work–Family Conflict: The Importance of Family-Friendly Employment Practices and Family-Supportive Supervisors

In the study reported in this paper, we examined the relationship between the use of four family-friendly employment practices (i.e., telecommuting, ability to take work home, flexible work hours, and family leave) and work–family conflict. In addition, we examined whether reporting to a family-supportive supervisor was related to the use of the four practices and to work–family conflict. We found that the use of three of the four practices was related to work–family conflict. In addition, our results showed that reporting to a family-supportive supervisor was related to the use of certain practices and to work–family conflict.
Crevice Corrosion Penetration Rates of Alloy 22 in Chloride-Containing Waters

Abstract A possible waste package design for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste at the potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, may consist of an outer container made of Alloy 22 (...
Expanded research on human shape factors for inclined surfaces

Abstract Wherever artificial climates are created for human occupation, the aim of the design is that individuals experience thermal comfort in the environment. Among other factors thermal comfort depends on mean radiant temperature. In creating artificial climates for human occupancy, the designer must take into account the interaction of the human with the heated surfaces. Calculation of mean radiant temperature is dependent on room geometry and the position of the human within the room as expressed by the shape factors. Early work in the area provided an elaborate method for calculating person-to-enclosure radiant heat exchange for simplistic and orthogonal enclosures based only on the generation of shape factors of a person and a surface within a rectilinear enclosure. However, architecture is not limited to simple rectilinear enclosures. Geometric reduction of complex enclosures to simple rectilinear shapes is time-consuming and inaccurate, and thus is inadequate for use in the design of appropriate heating systems. This paper presents a new, expanded method based on previous work by the authors for developing shape factors of a person to a rectilinear inclined surface. This research investigated the following four cases in order to determine shape factors for inclined surfaces: (a) inclined rectangle in front of the person and above his center, and behind the person and below his center; (b) inclined rectangle in front of the person and below his center, and behind the person and above his center; (c) inclined rectangle at the side of the person and above forward of his center, and at the side of the person, behind and below his center; (d) inclined rectangle at the side of the person, below and forward of the person's center, and at the side, above, and back of the person's center. In cases where the location of the person is known, but not his orientation, a mean value of the shape factor is determined. The new design method increases the accuracy of calculation and prediction of human thermal comfort and allows designers to simulate complex enclosures, utilizing the latest design knowledge of radiant heat exchange to increase human thermal comfort. The method of solution parallels that used by Fanger to generate shape factors for horizontal and vertical surfaces.
Assessing the impact of migraine on health-related quality of life: An additional use of the quality of well-being scale-self-administered.

Objectives.—To compare the interviewer-administered Quality of Well-being Scale (QWB) with a self-administered form (QWB-SA) for patients with migraine, and to compare the health status of migraineurs to other medical populations. Background.—With the increasing need to document the cost-effectiveness of treatment for migraine, limitations with both the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 items and the QWB have been an impediment to research using cost-effectiveness as an outcome. Demonstrating the sensitivity of an alternative instrument which addresses these limitations would facilitate cost-effectiveness analyses on treatments for migraine. Methods.—Eighty-nine adults (87% women) known to suffer from migraine were asked to complete both the interviewer-administered QWB and the self-administered version (QWB-SA) on three occasions. The first occasion was on a day when no migraine was experienced in the previous 7 days. The second and third assessments were completed within 48 hours of the onset of a migraine. Results.—While both the QWB and the QWB-SA successfully distinguished migraine from nonmigraine days, more migraines were reported on the QWB-SA. Overall, both instruments showed similar patterns of patient dysfunction during a migraine attack. Each component of the QWB-SA successfully distinguished migraine from nonmigraine days, and the QWB-SA showed a linear sensitivity to pain intensity and disability during a migraine episode. Both instruments are able to detect a migraine's effect on multiple domains of quality of life. Study participants scored significantly lower on the QWB-SA during a migraine episode than several comparison medical populations. Conclusions.—The QWB and the QWB-SA appear to have sensitivity to migraine severity, and the ability to quantitate an effect in multiple quality-of-life domains. Both measures can be used to calculate quality-adjusted life-years, thus facilitating cost-effectiveness and health policy work in this important clinical area.
CORRELATES OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR AMONG INMATES OF U.S. CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES

ABSTRACT Deviant behavior (i.e, rule infractions and assaults) among inmates of U.S. correctional facilities can threaten the security of those facilities, enhance feelings of insecurity and deprivation among inmates, and hinder the success of treatment programs. For these reasons it is important to identify possible influences on an inmate's likelihood of deviant behavior during incarceration. This essay presents an integration of the findings from quantitative studies of the topic to date. Vie policy implications of these findings and methods of improving related research are discussed.
A three-dimensional study of seismic diffraction patterns from deep basement sources

In 1975 the Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) acquired 37 km of 12-fold common-midpoint (CMP) stacked seismic reflection profiles in Hardeman County, Texas (Oliver et al, 1976). The entire crustal section was the object of study, so a record length of 15 sec (two-way traveltime) was recorded. Three separate profiles were arranged in an H-shaped pattern to provide two-dimensional (2-D) surface coverage.In addition to numerous reflections, the seismic sections exhibit pronounced apparent diffractions. These deep diffractions are more numerous and pronounced here than on any other COCORP survey to date. In many cases diffractions on different profiles intersect at the profile junctions. If these intersecting diffractions represent the same structural feature observed along different profiles, the diffraction time-surface provides an estimate of the location of the diffractor and an effective velocity (analogous to a stacking velocity) to the depth of the diffractor. Arrival times of these diffraction events were read, and a least-squares technique was developed to model intersecting diffractions simultaneously and derive location and velocity parameters, assuming point or line diffractors. Nine apparent diffraction events were identified, occurring mostly in the 5-9 sec range ( approximately 15-30 km). Point diffractor models generally give a closer fit than line models, with most of the resulting velocities between 6.0 and 7.5 km/sec. However, the introduction of a radial dimension (such as a dome instead of a point) significantly lowers these velocities without affecting the quality of fit.The locations of the point models, when projected to the surface, are distributed roughly along a northwest-southeast trend. The trend is subparallel to the Wichita Mountains and may indicate deep intrusive and/or tectonic structures related to their evolution. These results are important evidence that strong heterogeneities on the scale of a few kilometers are present at midcrustal depths.
Esophageal perforation in adults: aggressive, conservative treatment lowers morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of aggressive conservative therapy in patients with esophageal perforation.
Females With Subclavian Vein Thrombosis May Have an Increased Risk of Hypercoagulability

Background Subclavian vein thrombosis (SVT) is usually caused by vigorous activity or extensive use of the upper extremity. Patients are tested for hypercoagulability if they present with a spontaneous clot unassociated with such activity. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypercoagulability in patients undergoing first rib resection and scalenectomy presenting with SVT. Methods Using a prospectively maintained database from August 2003 through June 2011, patients were retrospectively reviewed for hypercoagulability testing and clinical outcomes. Results One hundred forty-three patients (79 females and 64 males; mean [range] age, 32 [16-71] years) presented with SVT, of whom 55 patients (43 females and 12 males; mean age, 32 [16-61] years) had undergone hypercoagulable testing. Fourteen patients (25.5%) (12 females and 2 males; mean age, 27 [16-46] years) had an abnormal hypercoagulable profile. A factor V Leiden mutation was present in 6 patients, protein S deficiency in 4, a plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) deficiency in 2, and 1 patient each with protein C deficiency, anticardiolipin antibodies, factor VII mutation, factor II mutation, and antiphospholipid antibodies. Immediate and long-term postoperative vein patency was similar to patients without hypercoagulability. Patients were placed on lifelong anticoagulation therapy if they had a PAI-1, protein C, or protein S deficiency. Conclusions Patients with hypercoagulability do as well with first rib resection and scalenectomy for SVT as those without hypercoagulability. In our patient subset, more females were tested owing to a history of spontaneous thrombosis and an increased incidence of hypercoagulable disorders. Because of our findings, we believe younger women with SVT should undergo hypercoagulable testing to identify the need for long-term anticoagulation therapy.
In-situ characterization and extraction of SRAM variability

Measurement and extraction of as fabricated SRAM cell variability is essential to process improvement and robust design. This is challenging in practice, due to the complexity in the test procedure and requisite numerical analysis. This work proposes a new single-ended test procedure for SRAM cell write margin measurement. Moreover, an efficient decomposition method is developed to extract transistor threshold voltage (V TH ) variations from the measurements, allowing accurate determination of SRAM cell stability. The entire approach is demonstrated in a 90nm test chip with 32K cells. The advantages of the proposed method include: (1) a single-ended SRAM test structure with no disturbance to SRAM operations; (2) a convenient test procedure that only requires quasi-static control of external voltages; and (3) a non-iterative method that extracts the V TH variation of each transistor from eight measurements. The new procedure enables accurate predictions of SRAM performance variability. As validated with 90nm data of write margin and data retention voltage, the prediction error from extracted V TH variations is < 4% at all corners.
Degradation of almond pellicle color coordinates at different storage temperatures.

The pellicle or seed coat of almond kernels is subject to darkening during long-term storage and may affect the marketability of the stored product. Environmental conditions during storage and genetic factors both affect the extent of darkening during the storage period. The degree of pellicle color change of five distinct almond accessions was examined during long-term storage at 2, 22 and 32 ◦ C. Pellicle luminosity, chroma and hue angle were measured on 12 dates throughout an 11-month storage period. An ANCOVA was used, with storage temperature being a covariate, to examine the relative differences in luminosity, chroma and hue angle during the storage progression. A comparison of weighted simple linear regression equations was used to distinguish between different rates of pellicle color coordinate degradation during the storage period. When averaged across the three storage temperatures, almond accession Padre consistently had significantly lower pellicle luminosity and chroma values throughout the storage period as compared with the other four almond accessions (p ≤ 0.05). While pellicle hue angle values of Padre were significantly lower than those of Nonpareil at the start of the test (p ≤ 0.05), Nonpareil’s pellicle hue angles were significantly lower than those of Padre at the end of the storage period (p ≤ 0.05). Almond accession Nonpareil had the largest percentage decrease of the five almond accessions for pellicle luminosity (36.9%) and hue angle (12.5%). Regression analysis revealed significant differences in degradation rates of pellicle luminosity and chroma at all three storage temperatures (p ≤ 0.05), but significant differences in pellicle hue angle degradation were only evident at the lowest storage temperature (p ≤ 0.05). Published by Elsevier B.V.
Determination of in vivo RNA kinetics using RATE-seq

The abundance of a transcript is determined by its rate of synthesis and its rate of degradation; however, global methods for quantifying RNA abundance cannot distinguish variation in these two processes. Here, we introduce RNA approach to equilibrium sequencing (RATE-seq), which uses in vivo metabolic labeling of RNA and approach to equilibrium kinetics, to determine absolute RNA degradation and synthesis rates. RATE-seq does not disturb cellular physiology, uses straightforward normalization with exogenous spike-ins, and can be readily adapted for studies in most organisms. We demonstrate the use of RATE-seq to estimate genome-wide kinetic parameters for coding and noncoding transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Retrograde demonstration of hippocampal afferents from the interpeduncular and renuiens nuclei

The origin of hippocampal afferent projections was studied after horseradish peroxidase injections into the hippocampal formation. Labeled cells were found in the dorsal and ventrolateral aspects of the interpeduncular nucleus and in the ipsilateral portion of the nucleus reuniens thalami. In addition, neurons containing HRP were observed in the cortical, hypothalamic and brain stem areas reported by previous investigators.
Cross-Layer Optimization and Effective Airtime Estimation for Wireless Video Streaming

This paper develops a cross-layer optimization framework for video streaming from multiple sources to a central proxy station over a wireless network. The proposed framework manages the application rates and transmission opportunities of various video sources based on the dynamic network conditions in such a way that minimizes the overall distortion. The framework utilizes a novel online approach for estimating the effective airtime of the network. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and effective airtime estimation approach through extensive experiments.
Affirming the Strengths in Men: A Positive Masculinity Approach to Assisting Male Clients

Scholarship on men and masculinity has greatly informed the mental health field about the experiences of men. Despite this growth in information, there is limited exploration of understanding the healthy and adaptive experiences of men. The authors examine the emerging area of positive masculinity with a focus on applying a strength-based approach to counseling men.
Some in vivo and in vitro effects of ethacrynic acid on renal Na+,K+ -ATPase.

Abstract Binding of [ 14 C]ethaerynic acid [EA]at concentrations of EA from 10 −4 m to 10 −2 m to a membrane preparation containing Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in vitro occurred in a nonsaturable manner; binding was stimulated by Na + or K + , but was not affected by Mg 2+ and/or ATP. [ 14 C]EA significantly bound to a microsomal preparation with low Na + ,K + -ATPase activity as well as to a heat-denatured enzyme; this binding reaction was not stimulated by Na + . These observations suggest that EA binds non-specifically or to nonspecific sites on membrane preparations. Nonselective binding of [ 14 C]EA to subcellular particles after fractionation of slices also suggested the presence of nonspecific EA binding sites in vivo . In vitro [ 3 H]ouabain binding to medullary and cortical Na + ,K + -ATPase preparations was partially reduced by pretreatment with EA. On the other hand, [ 14 C]EA binding to Na + ,K + -ATPase was not affected by pretreatment of the preparation with ouabain (10 −6 m to 5 × 10 −4 m ). EA reduced the sensitivity of [ 3 H]ouabain binding to the enzyme preparation to Na 4 and K + . EA was infused (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/min) into one renal artery of hydropenic dogs. A prompt natriuresis in the infused kidney occurred. Similar changes were observed in the contralateral kidney 20 min after starting the infusion. Both kidneys were removed 30 min after the beginning of the infusion, and Na + ,K + -ATPase was isolated from the cortex and the medulla. Enzyme activity from cortex and medulla of either kidney was not significantly different from enzyme activity from cortex and medulla of control, uninfused dogs, regardless of dose of EA or method of enzyme isolation. Furthermore, in vitro binding of [ 3 H]ouabain to Na + ,K + -ATPase membrane preparations from cortex and medulla was the same for experimental and control kidneys. In vitro incubation of 2 × 10 −3 m EA with a membrane preparation caused the same inhibition of ATPase activity when the enzyme was isolated either from control or EA-infused dogs. The inhibition could not be reversed by recentrifugation or rehomogenization of the enzyme. Our results do not support the concept that Na + ,K + -ATPase is a pharmacological receptor for ethacrynic acid.