cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preschoolers' Emotional Control in the Disappointment Paradigm and Its Relation to Temperament, Emotional Knowledge, and Family Expressiveness

The present research evaluated a conceptual model that links temperament, emotional knowledge, and family expressiveness to preschoolers' emotion regulation ability. The emotional understanding of 82 preschoolers was assessed with 2 separate tasks. After the second emotional knowledge task, the children were presented a "disappointing" prize, and their facial displays of positive and negative affect were recorded. The children and their mothers also participated in a game designed to elicit maternal expressive behavior. Mothers provided information about the preschoolers' temperament and about the frequency of positive and negative affect expressed within their families. Results indicated that children's positive displays when presented the "disappointing" prize were inversely related to the temperamental dimension of emotional intensity and positively associated with children's understanding of emotion. Maternal reports of sadness within the family were inversely related to children's positive affective displays. Children's negative emotional displays in the disappointment situation were inversely related to observed maternal positive emotion. The findings from this study give greater specification to the unique and joint contributions of temperament, emotional knowledge, and family expressiveness in predicting preschoolers' expressive control of emotion.
Tools and Environments for Multicore and Many-Core Architectures

Programming for serial computing is already a difficult undertaking that we have yet to master; programming for parallel computing will only exacerbate this difficulty. Fortunately, tools and environments are beginning to emerge that will let us take advantage of multicore and many-core architectures in a more productive manner.
Injection techniques for botulinum toxin using electromyography and electrical stimulation

Increasing data supports the use of botulinum toxin injection as a therapeutic intervention in the management of spasticity. The avid binding of botulinum toxin (BTX) to presynaptic neuron terminals and the diffusion characteristics of the medication allow relative ease of administration. For many clinical applications, efficacy may be improved, and adverse effects reduced, by more precise targeting of the muscles to be injected. Electromyographic guidance (EMG) is commonly used to confirm appropriate localization of the injection needle in specific muscles immediately before injection. Electrical stimulation (ES) may be more useful in patients who are unresponsive or sedated. Equipment options and technical aspects of EMG and ES are discussed, including some adjunctive imaging methods for injecting difficult-to-localize muscles.
Deconvolution in the presence of Doppler with application to specular multipath parameter estimation

High-resolution multipath parameter estimates can be obtained through various deconvolution procedures, all of which-in the limit-rely on some form of inverse filtering. Although deconvolution in a multipath environment free from Doppler is well understood and well documented, this is not true for the case when motion of the multipath components relative to the receiver imposes a Doppler shift on the transmitted probing signal. This paper describes the effect of Doppler on a broad class of deconvolution methods by studying the effect of Doppler on the output of an inverse filter. It is shown that in the presence of Doppler, the deconvolution outputs are comprised chiefly of two signal-related functions, one of which may be designed in such a way as to be free from the range-Doppler coupling effects inherent in correlation processing. Knowledge of these two functions provides insight into the signal design issues relevant to deconvolution-based multipath parameter estimation systems and is useful in designing appropriate constraints and post-processing algorithms that may lead to an accurate extraction of the Doppler and delay parameters of the multipath channel. These results are applied to two known deconvolution methods: the method of projection onto convex sets (POCS) and the method of least squares (LS).
Tracking the Gender Pay Gap: A Case Study

This article provides a short introduction to standard considerations in the formal study of wages and illustrates the use of multiple regression and resampling simulation approaches in a case study of faculty salaries at one university. Multiple regression is especially beneficial where it provides information on strength of association, specific dollar estimates, and the option to identify outliers by gender. Resampling simulation allows for analysis at the department level and is beneficial where distributions depart substantially from normal, particularly where there are unequal error variances. Results indicate that both regression and simulation methods provided evidence of a sizable pay gap associated with gender, even after controlling for rank, academic field, and years of service. The gap occurs in fields traditionally viewed as female as well as science fields with typically lower female representation. Finally, we discuss implications for remediation based on these models.
True and false external carotid steals

Proximal external carotid artery occlusion, resulting in rerouting of flow from the vertebral to the external carotid artery is a distinct entity called external carotid steal . Diversion of flow from the vertebrobasilar to the external carotid system was induced technically in a patient, without significant vertebral basilar disease. Thus, demonstration of the vertebro-occipital anastomosis per se is insufficient evidence to diagnose occlusive vascular disease. Rate of filling, flow, run-off, site of catheter tip placement, and haemodynamic status of the patient must also be considered in ascertaining that significant opacification of the external carotid artery on vertebral injection represents a true external carotid steal. For corroboration, common carotid arteriography will define the external carotid artery proximal to the origin of the occipital artery. In patients undergoing angiography in the investigation of vertebrobasilar insufficiency, external carotid artery occlusion requires consideration in the differential diagnosis of vascular steals.
Memory training combined with the use of oral physostigmine.

Impaired memory function is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms observed after brain injury. A number of studies have examined the efficacy of using cholinergic agonists, such as physostigmine, in treating memory impairment resulting from various neurologic conditions. Few studies, however, have either combined the drug treatment with a memory training programme or monitored serum cholinesterase levels to increase the likelihood of achieving a therapeutic dose of the medication. The current study addresses both of these issues. Two single-case studies are reported in this investigation. In each case, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-subject, A-B-A design was used with A representing the base-line phases, B constituting the memory training combined with medication phase and A representing the return to base-line condition. Both patients sustained anoxia as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning. In the first case, a clinically significant improvement was seen in the patient's performan...
Properties and processing characteristics of open‐celled foams produced by leaching NaCl from high density polyethylene

The properties and processing characteristics of open-celled foams produced by leaching small NaCl particles from high density polyethylene has been investigated. In a random dispersion of salt particles in the polymer matrix a minimum volume loading of 40 percent was required to produce an open-celled foam. The time required to remove this quantity of salt with 50°C water was 100 min. The maximum porosity of the foam is limited to the maximum packing fraction of the salt. For randomly dispersed isotropic particles the maximum packing fraction is approximately 0.64. Because the composite rapidly loses melt strength as the filler content nears the maximum packing fraction, the practical upper limit of extruded foam porosity is approximately 0.60.
What to see when you are looking at confusion: a review of the neuroimaging of acute encephalopathy

Acute encephalopathy is a clinical conundrum in neurocritical care facing physicians with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Encephalopathy arises from several concurrent causes, and delayed diagnosis adds to its grim prognosis. Diagnosis is reached by melding clinical, neurophysiological and biochemical features with various neuroimaging studies. We aimed to compile the pathophysiology of acute encephalopathies in adults, and the contribution of cerebral CT, MRI, MR spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission CT (SPECT) to early diagnosis, treatment and prognostication. Reports from 1990 to 2013 were identified. Therefore, reference lists were searched to identify additional publications. Encephalopathy syndromes best studied by neuroimaging emerge from hypoxic-ischaemic injury, sepsis, metabolic derangements, autoimmune diseases, infections and rapidly evolving dementias. Typical and pathognomonic neuroimaging patterns are presented. Cerebral imaging constitutes an important component of diagnosis, management and prognosis of acute encephalopathy. Its respective contribution is dominated by rapid exclusion of acute cerebral lesions and further varies greatly depending on the underlying aetiology and the range of possible differential diagnoses. CT has been well studied, but is largely insensitive, while MRI appears to be the most helpful in the evaluation of encephalopathies. MRS may provide supplementary biochemical information and determines spectral changes in the affected brain tissue. The less frequently used PET and SPECT may delineate areas of high or low metabolic activity or cerebral blood flow. However, publications of MRS, PET and SPECT are limited only providing anecdotal evidence of their usefulness and sensitivity.
Year in Review 2013 - A Global Perspective of the Most Significant Criminal Evidence Cases, United States

This chapter, a Top 10 list of American criminal evidence cases in 2013, is written for a non-American audience of students and practitioners of criminal law. The most important thing for non-Americans to appreciate about any Top 10 list of U.S. criminal evidence cases is that what matters is the presence of a constitutional issue. Without it, a case may have national prominence in popular culture but have almost no national significance as a matter of evidence law.Although always under attack and revision as to its scope, the exclusionary rule is the hidden engine that drives all criminal evidence law into a Constitutional framework. It is this link between criminal procedure and admissible evidence, as mediated by the parameters of the exclusionary rules of the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments, which defines the essence of the modern era of American criminal procedure, and its consequential effect on criminal evidence law. None of the cases in this Top 10 list of criminal evidence cases from 2013 can really be understood without this Constitutional framework, within which one can begin to assess a case's importance based on the impact it is likely to have on the realities of criminal law as it is studied and practised in the United States.
NM2 – La rééducation par adaptation prismatique des troubles posturaux consécutifs à un AVC. Présentation de la technique et de ses effets

Contexte Les troubles de l’equilibre apres un accident vasculaire cerebral (AVC) constituent une problematique en reeducation en raison de leurs retentissements sur le niveau d’activite et sur l’autonomie des patients. Plusieurs etudes se sont interessees aux effets de l’adaptation prismatique (AP), plus seulement sur le syndrome de negligence, mais egalement sur l’asymetrie posturale. Objectif Determiner l’etat actuel des connaissances concernant les effets de l’AP sur la reduction du desequilibre postural des patients apres un AVC. Methodes Une recherche dans la base de donnees MEDLINE entre 1966 et octobre 2015 a porte sur toutes les etudes evaluant la reeducation par AP des troubles posturaux apres un AVC. Resultats Cinq etudes ont ete retenues (deux controlees randomisees et trois sans groupe temoin) avec un total de 68 patients AVC (55 droits et 13 gauches ; 43 chroniques et 10 aigus), avec ou sans negligence, et 30 sujets temoins. L’intervention consistait en une session unique d’AP dans trois etudes et en des sessions repetees sur plusieurs semaines dans deux etudes. L’intensite et le sens de la deviation optique des prismes variaient. Cette revue montre : – une reduction de l’asymetrie posturale mediolaterale apres AP ; – un effet immediat et prolonge ; – un decalage de certains cadres referentiels spatiaux egocentriques, en parallele de la reduction de l’asymetrie posturale mediolaterale ; – une amelioration de l’equilibre fonctionnel. Discussion Les modalites d’application de l’AP ne sont pas encore communement definies et influent sur les effets. L’AP semble reduire efficacement le desequilibre postural des patients AVC, quelle que soit l’anciennete de la lesion. L’effet est observe tant chez les patients negligents que non negligents. Cette amelioration serait le resultat indirect d’une action bottom-up de l’AP sur la cognition spatiale en modifiant les cadres referentiels utilises pour la posture.
Deterministic nucleation of InP on metal foils with the thin-film vapor-liquid-solid growth mode

A method for growth of ultralarge grain (>100 μm) semiconductor thin-films on nonepitaxial substrates was developed via the thin-film vapor–liquid–solid growth mode. The resulting polycrystalline films exhibit similar optoelectronic quality as their single-crystal counterparts. Here, deterministic control of nucleation sites is presented by substrate engineering, enabling user-tuned internuclei spacing of up to ∼1 mm. Besides examining the theory associated with the nucleation process, this work presents an important advance toward controlled growth of high quality semiconductor thin films with unprecedented grain sizes on nonepitaxial substrates.
The Value of Intraoperative Antibiotics in Preventing Renal Transplant Wound Infections

In a 3-year period 179 renal transplant operations were performed, during which time a uniform regimen for preventing wound infections was used. The incidence of primary renal transplant wound infections was reduced to 1 per cent by administering a single high dose of broad-spectrum antibiotics intraoperatively as an adjunct to this regimen. Intraoperative antibiotic coverage has been a safe and effective measure for preventing primary transplant wound infections.
Concepts of soft-tissue trauma repair.

The proper evaluation and treatment of soft tissue trauma to the face is extremely important because of the psychological, cosmetic, and functional sequelae that can occur from these injuries. The facial trauma surgeon should have a variety of techniques to manage soft-tissue facial trauma and should approach the repair in a meticulous and scientific fashion. Although the best possible repair of the acute trauma is the surgeon's goal, it usually is necessary to perform some late camouflage or revision procedures on the scar because of the strong possibility for hypertrophic scarring or inappropriate healing in the trauma scar.
Organizational Adaptation to Disaster

The major focus of this chapter is twofold. We first consider what has been learned about organizational adaptation to disasters from original field studies by the Disaster Research Center (DRC) during the initial 20 years of its existence (1963–1983). We then examine a series of secondary data analyses (1982–2001) that we, along with our graduate and undergraduate students, completed using data archives produced primarily from these studies and maintained by the DRC. The groundwork established by what amounts to several decades of original field studies and follow-up archival analyses has continued to inform DRC field research on preparedness for and response to natural, technological, and willful disasters by organizations in both the public (e.g., Tierney, 1985, 1993) and private sectors (e.g., Webb, Tierney, & Dahlhammer, 2000). Arguably the most compelling example of continuity from the earliest to the most recent work within the DRC tradition is the Center’s major study of organizational adaptation following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center (Kendra & Wachtendorf, 2003; Kendra et al., 2003; Wachtendorf, 2004).
Student Mobility, Segregation, and Achievement Gaps: Evidence From Clark County, Nevada:

Student mobility and school segregation are two important issues with significant equity implications for urban school districts that are often addressed separately. This article examines the relat...
The SED Reformers

This chapter introduces the reformist elements in the East German Communist Party, the SED. The SED reformers were a small, isolated group of party functionaries, who were reluctant to challenge the authority of the anti-reformist hardliners. Moreover, while the reformers wanted to change the Communist regime, they insisted that this could only be done from above, by a new group of party leaders. Their model was Gorbachev.
SMAC Mimetic Birinapant plus Radiation Eradicates Human Head and Neck Cancers with Genomic Amplifications of Cell Death Genes FADD and BIRC2

Comparison of tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) reveals that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) harbor the most frequent genomic amplifications of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), with or without Baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis repeat containing BIRC2 (cIAP1), affecting about 30% of patients in association with worse prognosis. Here, we identified HNSCC cell lines harboring FADD/BIRC2 amplifications and overexpression by exome sequencing, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. In vitro, FADD or BIRC2 siRNA knockdown inhibited HNSCC displaying amplification and increased expression of these genes, supporting their functional importance in promoting proliferation. Birinapant, a novel SMAC mimetic, sensitized multiple HNSCC lines to cell death by agonists TNFα or TRAIL and inhibited cIAP1>XIAP>IAP2. Combination of birinapant and TNFα induced sub-G0 DNA fragmentation in sensitive lines and birinapant alone also induced significant G2-M cell-cycle arrest and cell death in UM-SCC-46 cells. Gene transfer and expression of FADD sensitized resistant UM-SCC-38 cells lacking FADD amplification to birinapant and TNFα, supporting a role for FADD in sensitization to IAP inhibitor and death ligands. HNSCC varied in mechanisms of cell death, as indicated by reversal by inhibitors or protein markers of caspase-dependent apoptosis and/or RIPK1/MLKL-mediated necroptosis. In vivo, birinapant inhibited tumor growth and enhanced radiation-induced TNFα, tumor responses, and host survival in UM-SCC-46 and -11B xenograft models displaying amplification and overexpression of FADD+/- BIRC2 These findings suggest that combination of SMAC mimetics such as birinapant plus radiation may be particularly active in HNSCC, which harbor frequent FADD/BIRC2 genomic alterations. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5442-54. ©2016 AACR.
Perseverance under threat

Introduction We turn now to 2 Thess. 1:1–12 to see whether it confirms and develops or contradicts our hypothesis concerning the eschatological problem underlying 2 Thess. 2:1–3:5. The significance of the prescript (1:1–2) The prescript of 2 Thess. 1:1–2 is notable in that it, like the one in 1 Thess. 1:1, lacks a reference to the sender's rank and has ἐν θeῷ πατρί ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ While some argue that these parallels reflect slavish dependence on 1 Thessalonians, the ἡμῶν in verse 1 and ἀπὸ θeοῦ πατρὸς [ἡμῶν] καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ in verse 2 suggest an alternative explanation. Although one must beware of building too much on the rather obscure clues of prescripts, it is worth noting that the two aforementioned striking features of this prescript do seem appropriate to the situation as we determined it from 2:1–3:5: ‘Paul’ does not seem convinced that there is a concerted opposition within ‘the Thessalonian community’, and ‘the Thessalonians’ do need to be reassured regarding their status before God (cf. 2:13–17) and concerning the fatherly love of God for them (2:16; 3:5). Next we turn to the long and syntactically unwieldy sentence of 1:3–10. First, we must answer two questions about 1:3.
"Standoff Biofinder" for Fast, Noncontact, Nondestructive, Large-Area Detection of Biological Materials for Planetary Exploration.

Abstract We developed a prototype instrument called the Standoff Biofinder, which can quickly locate biological material in a 500 cm2 area from a 2 m standoff distance with a detection time of 0.1 s. All biogenic materials give strong fluorescence signals when excited with UV and visible lasers. In addition, the luminescence decay time of biogenic compounds is much shorter (<100 ns) than the micro- to millisecond decay time of transition metal ions and rare-earth ions in minerals and rocks. The Standoff Biofinder takes advantage of the short lifetime of biofluorescent materials to obtain real-time fluorescence images that show the locations of biological materials among luminescent minerals in a geological context. The Standoff Biofinder instrument will be useful for locating biological material during future NASA rover, lander, and crewed missions. Additionally, the instrument can be used for nondestructive detection of biological materials in unique samples, such as those obtained by sample return missi...
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect Complicated by Eisenmenger Syndrome and the Role of Vasodilator Therapy.

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect is a rare congenital, interatrial communication defect at the junction of the right atrium and the vena cava. It accounts for 5–10% of cases of all atrial septal defects. Due to the rare prevalence and anatomical complexity, diagnosing sinus venous atrial septal defects poses clinical challenges which may delay diagnosis and treatment. Advanced cardiac imaging studies are useful tools to diagnose this clinical entity and to delineate the anatomy and any associated communications. Surgical correction of the anomaly is the primary treatment. We discuss a 43-year-old Hispanic female patient who presented with dyspnea and hypoxia following a laparoscopic myomectomy. She had been diagnosed with peripartum cardiomyopathy nine years ago at another hospital. Transesophageal echocardiography and computed tomographic angiography of the chest confirmed a diagnosis of sinus venosus atrial septal defect. She was also found to have pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome. During a hemodynamic study, she responded to vasodilator and she was treated with Ambrisentan and Tadalafil. After six months, her symptoms improved and her pulmonary arterial hypertension decreased. We also observed progressive reversal of the right-to-left shunt. This case illustrates the potential benefit of vasodilator therapy in reversing Eisenmenger physiology, which may lead to surgical repair of the atrial septal defect as the primary treatment.
Protein purification by dye-ligand chromatography

Dye-ligand chromatography has developed into an important method for large-scale purification of proteins. The utility of the reactive dyes as affinity ligands results from their unique chemistry, which confers both the ability to interact with a large number of proteins as well as easy immobilization on typical adsorbent matrices. Reactive dyes can bind proteins either by specific interactions at the protein's active site or by a range of non-specific interactions. Divalent metals participate in yet another type of protein-reactive dye interactions which involve the formation of a ternary complex. All of these types of interactions have been exploited in schemes for protein purification. Many factors contribute to the successful operation of a dye-ligand chromatography process. These include adsorbent properties, such as matrix type and ligand concentration, the buffer conditions employed in the adsorption and elution stages, and contacting parameters like flowrate and column geometry. Dye-ligand chromatography has been demonstrated to be suitable for large-scale protein purification due to their high selectivity, stability, and economy. Also, the issue of dye leakage and process validation of large-scale dye-ligand chromatography has been discussed. Reactive dyes have also been applied in high performance liquid affinity chromatographic techniques for protein purification, as well as non-chromatographic techniques including affinity partition, affinity membrane separations, affinity cross-flow filtration, and affinity precipitation.
TRAIL in Cancer Therapy

Death receptors and their ligands have recently garnered much attention for therapeutic intervention of tumor progression. In clinical oncology, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors are the most prominent duos in the death-receptor-ligand guild for their ability to specifically eliminate cancer cells without any deleterious effect on normal cells. Although in recent years five TRAIL receptors have been identified and a number of checkpoints involved in the TRAIL pathway are known, a well defined signaling pathway remains elusive and appears to be very complex. In spite of TRAIL possessing a high therapeutic index, some tumor cells evade TRAIL-mediated cell death by utilizing a plethora of different regulators, such as cellular FLICE- inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), caspase-8, NF-κB, Akt, and/or decoy receptors, which either stall or shunt death signaling by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Interestingly, a number of recent reports suggest that a key to the success of TRAIL in cancer therapy is to use it in conjunction with chemo- or radiotherapy. Such a concept of combination therapy is gaining ground in eliminating tumors that are refractory to treatment with TRAIL, ionizing radiation, or chemotherapeutic agents alone. Results from preclinical studies on TRAIL have been very promising for cancer treatment; however, outcome from phase I/II clinical trials is eagerly awaited to assess its safety. Time will show whether TRAIL will be the foremost weapon in the clinical oncologist’s arsenal to eradicate tumors.
Equational Theories of Abnormal Termination Based on Kleene Algebra

We study at an abstract level imperative while programs with an explicit fail operation that causes abnormal termination or irreparable failure, and a try-catch operation for error handling. There are two meaningful ways to define the semantics of such programs, depending on whether the final state of the computation can be observed upon failure or not. These two semantics give rise to different equational theories. We investigate these two theories in the abstract framework of Kleene algebra, and we propose two simple and intuitive equational axiomatizations. We prove very general conservativity results, from which we also obtain decidability and deductive completeness of each of our calculi with respect to the intended semantics.
Molecular Genetic Methods for Detection and Identification of Viable but Nonculturable Microorganisms

The problems associated with culture-based methods for detection and identification of microorganisms in clinical and environmental samples have motivated the development of alternative methods which do not require cultivation of the target organisms. Molecular genetic methods, which specifically target microbial nucleic acids, have become important tools for the identification of both cultured and uncultured microorganisms. The sensitivity of these methods approaches that of culture-based methods and it is arguable that the specificity of these methods generally exceeds that of culture-based methods. Indeed, molecular genetic methods have become a powerful set of tools used by many investigators to detect and identify culturable microorganisms in their viable but nonculturable state, as well as organisms which have yet to be brought into culture.
Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders: Play behaviors with infant siblings and social responsiveness.

Mother–infant interactions are a proximal process in early development and may be especially salient for children who are at risk for social difficulties (i.e. infant siblings of children with auti...
In-situ Backpropagation in Photonic Neural Networks

Recently, integrated optics has gained interest as a hardware platform for implementing machine learning algorithms. Here, we introduce a method that enables highly efficient, in situ training of a photonic artificial neural network. We use the adjoint variable method to derive the photonic analogue of the backpropagation algorithm, which is the standard method for computing gradients for conventional neural networks. We further show how these gradients can be obtained exactly through intensity measurements inside the device. Beyond the training of photonic machine learning implementations, our method may also be of broad interest to experimental sensitivity analysis of photonic systems and the optimization of reconfigurable optics platforms.
Death within 30 days of fine needle aspiration: Post-mortem confirmation of FNA diagnoses and the contribution of FNA to patient mortality.

BACKGROUND Fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnoses are usually confirmed via surgical pathology or via evaluation of clinical outcomes. However, such confirmation may not occur for patients who die shortly after FNA, and autopsy may be a useful quality assessment tool in these cases. Also, there is little data investigating the relationship between FNA and mortality. We sought to demonstrate the autopsy as a quality assessment tool for the FNA and assess the contribution of FNA to mortality in patients who die soon after the procedure. METHODS A search of our database was performed from 1992 to 2016 for patients who were autopsied after dying within 30 d of an FNA. Concordance between findings from FNA, autopsy, and any intervening surgical pathology material was determined. Finally, a subjective determination of the likelihood that FNAs contributed to deaths was made by reviewing autopsy reports. The contribution was categorised as either "unlikely", "possible", or "probable". RESULTS Fifty-eight patients (average age = 58 y) met the search criteria. Thirty-six (62%) patients had malignancies. Surgical pathology material was obtained concurrently or following FNA in 20 cases (34%). There was 73% concordance between FNA and autopsy findings, which compares to 80% concordance between FNA and surgical pathology diagnoses. The FNA was determined to be at least possibly contributory to death in 7/58 cases (3 cases designated as "probable," and 4 as "possible"). CONCLUSION Autopsy can be used to validate FNA diagnoses and, like surgical pathology, confirms that FNA diagnoses are mostly accurate. However, in a small number of patients, FNA can precipitate death.
GPS and Cell Phone Tracking of Employees

This Article examines employee location tracking through either smart phone apps or GPS devices attached to or embedded within an employee’s personal or company vehicle. For each form of tracking, this Article provides separate frameworks for employers to follow when conducting individual employee misconduct investigations and when tracking an entire group of employees for non-investigatory purposes. Beginning with GPS tracking for individual misconduct investigations, this Article contends that such tracking should be used only as a means to corroborate evidence that an employee has committed a terminable offense, that an employer may resort to this technique only after alternative investigative methods fail to generate enough evidence to warrant disciplinary action, and that the tracking must cease once the alleged wrongdoing has been corroborated. Turning to non-investigatory forms of GPS tracking, such as the monitoring of an employer’s entire fleet of taxi-cab or rideshare drivers, this Article proposes that such tracking should be performed only for legitimate business purposes and only if employees consent to the tracking in advance. Whether performed for investigatory or non-investigatory purposes, this Article further proposes that employers should avoid collecting GPS tracking data while employees are off-duty. Finally, this Article addresses employee tracking through smart phone apps, including employer-owned apps and apps designed for time-keeping purposes. Because employees who use such apps typically consent to the monitoring of their phone’s location, this Article concludes that employees tracked in this manner cannot reasonably expect privacy in such monitoring. As a result, this Article predicts that app-based employee tracking will not trigger Fourth Amendment protection, nor will it be sufficient to sustain a privacy-related tort claim, such that employers will typically not face civil liability for tracking employees through smart phone apps.
Remediation of Perfluorooctylsulfonate Contamination by in Situ Sequestration: Direct Monitoring of PFOS Binding to Polyquaternium Polymers

In situ methods for the sequestration of perfluorooctyl-1-sulfonate (PFOS) that are based on PFOS binding to polyquaternium polymers were reported previously, providing an approach to immobilize and concentrate PFOS in situ. To apply these methods in real life, the concentrations of polymers that permit efficient sequestration must be determined. This is only possible if the stoichiometry and strength of PFOS binding to polyquaternium polymers are known. Here, we report on the use of fluorous-phase ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) to determine the equilibrium constants characterizing binding of PFOS to poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) in simulated groundwater and in soil suspensions. We introduce a new method to interpret potentiometric data for surfactant binding to the charged repeat unit of these polyions by combining a 1:1 binding model with the ISE response model. This allows for straightforward prediction and fitting of experimental potentiometric data in one step. Data fit the binding model for poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and poly(dimethylamine-co-epichlorohydrin) chloride in soil-free conditions and in the presence of soil from Tinker Air Force Base. When the total PFOS concentration in a soil system is known, knowledge of these PFOS binding characteristics permits quantitative prediction of the mobile (free) and polymer-bound fractions of PFOS as a function of the concentrations of the polyquaternium polymer. Because the technique reported here is based on the selective in situ determination of the free ionic surfactant, we expect it to be similarly useful for determining the sequestration of a variety of other ionic pollutants.
But Is Business Management a Profession

Business has difficulty asserting exclusive jurisdiction over its abstract knowledge. What are the implications for the university-based business school if the profession cannot assert exclusive jurisdiction over an identifiable body of knowledge? Clearly, many people have been successful in business without the benefit of professional school training. Political implications of this lack of exclusive jurisdiction are discussed. Political realities have implications both for the profession and for the university-based business school.
Healthcare Navigation Self-Sufficiency in Older Korean Immigrants

Using data from surveys with Korean Americans aged 60 years or above (n = 2,150), the level of healthcare navigation self-sufficiency was assessed, and its related factors were explored. The overal...
Accuracy Constraints Improve Symmetric Bimanual Coordination for Children with and without Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

ABSTRACTPurpose: To evaluate the influence of accuracy constraints on functional symmetric bimanual coordination for children with Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy (USCP). Methods: Ten children wi...
Abstract 925: Insulin Inhibits β-adrenergic Receptor Resensitization Through PI3KγInsulin Inhibits β-adrenergic Receptor Resensitization Through PI3Kγ

Insulin regulates cardiac metabolism, myocyte survival, and cardiac growth. In addition, insulin is also known to modulate beta adrenergic receptors (βARs) function in the heart regulating cardiac ...
Factors Impacting Time to Engraftment in Patients With High-risk Neuroblastoma Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplant.

Background Despite advances in supportive measures, myeloablative chemotherapy with stem cell rescue remains limited by toxicity and treatment-related mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing the rate of hematopoietic recovery following autologous stem cell transplant in high-risk neuroblastoma. Procedure We retrospectively studied 54 patients with high-risk neuroblastoma who received a single autologous stem cell transplant between 2006 and 2016. Race, sex, conditioning regimen, chemotherapy delays and bone marrow involvement were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Log-Rank test while the amount of cells infused, age, and length of hospital stay were analyzed using univariate Cox Proportional Hazards Regression. Results The conditioning regimen administered was significant (P=0.016) for time to engraftment of neutrophils, with busulfan/melphalan (Bu/Mel) at 16.6 days, and carboplatin/etoposide/melphalan at 12.1 days. A delay of chemotherapy during induction (n=24) was significant (P 75,000/µL. Female patients had a longer time to engraftment (P=0.029). Conclusion Patients receiving Bu/Mel as a conditioning regimen, patients who had a delay in induction chemotherapy and patients of female sex were found to be significant for delayed engraftment of neutrophils, platelets, and hemoglobin, respectively, in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplant. Knowing these factors may lead to new expectations and possible interventions to decrease the morbidity and mortality of treatment and recovery.
A Failed Epidural Followed by a Failed Spinal (Part 1)

A 27-year-old obese diabetic woman, G1P0, receives a labor epidural which works perfectly for 2 h but then stops working after she changes position repeatedly and vigorously for Foley catheter placement (L-1). The resident had accessed the epidural space easily and passed the catheter 3 cm into the space (L2), but did not perform the Cohen maneuver (L-3) before he applied the sterile dressing. The patient’s contractions are becoming more frequent and painful and the resident is preparing to replace the epidural when the fetus begins to have late decelerations (L-4). The obstetricians temporize by administering terbutaline – which slows uterine contractions substantially – and the fetal heart rate normalizes (L-5), so the patient is taken back to the OR for a cesarean delivery under non-emergent conditions (L-6).
Model Development and Stability Analysis for a Shape-Controlled, Bluff-Body Hydrodynamic Vehicle

The use of small, lightweight autonomous agents for tasks such as distributed environmental sampling and communication network emplacement presents an appealing potential technology that is low-cost with minimal effort for deployment. A key challenge with such compact devices is the feasible control authority that can be realized. Here, we consider the design, modeling and stability of a negatively buoyant, shape-actuated autonomous agent operating in a fluid. We evaluate the viable equilibria states for cases of zero and non-zero rotation rates and assess the corresponding system stability in both cases. Results are demonstrated in simulation.
Signs in Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Obesity

Lipoprotein synthesis is summarized in a manner that facilitates a better understanding of the various causes of hyperlipoproteinemia. Emphasis is placed on critical steps of lipoprotein synthesis associated with classic hyperlipoproteinemia syndromes.
Online Student Perceptions of Their Communication Preparedness.

Though scholars have identified a myriad of student characteristics and skills necessary to prepare individuals for online education, one notable gap in the literature is a focus on preparedness fo...
Optimal exploitation for hybrid systems of renewable resources under partial observation

Abstract This work focuses on optimal controls for hybrid systems of renewable resources in random environments. We propose a new formulation to treat the optimal exploitation with harvesting and renewing. The random environments are modeled by a Markov chain, which is hidden and can be observed only in a Gaussian white noise. We use the Wonham filter to estimate the state of the Markov chain from the observable process. Then we formulate a harvesting–renewing model under partial observation. The Markov chain approximation method is used to find a numerical approximation of the value function and optimal policies. Our work takes into account natural aspects of the resource exploitation in practice: interacting resources, switching environment, renewing and partial observation. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the results and explore new phenomena arising from new features in the proposed model.
Modeling the dynamics of hurricane evacuation decisions from twitter data: An input output hidden markov modeling approach

Abstract Evacuations play a critical role in saving human lives during hurricanes. But individual evacuation decision-making is a complex dynamic process, often studied using post-hurricane survey data. Alternatively, ubiquitous use of social media generates a massive amount of data that can be used to predict evacuation behavior in real time. In this paper, we present a method to infer individual evacuation behaviors (e.g., evacuation decision, timing, destination) from social media data. We develop an input output hidden Markov model (IO-HMM) to infer evacuation decisions from user tweets. To extract the underlying evacuation context from tweets, we first estimate a word2vec model from a corpus of more than 100 million tweets collected over four major hurricanes. Using input variables such as evacuation context, time to landfall, type of evacuation order, and the distance from home, the proposed model infers what activities are made by individuals, when they decide to evacuate, and where they evacuate to. To validate our results, we have created a labeled dataset from 38,256 tweets posted between September 2, 2017 and September 19, 2017 by 2,571 users from Florida during hurricane Irma. Our findings show that the proposed IO-HMM method can be useful for inferring evacuation behavior in real time from social media data. Since traditional surveys are infrequent, costly, and often performed at a post-hurricane period, the proposed approach can be very useful for predicting evacuation demand as a hurricane unfolds in real time.
Responding to Intimate Partner Violence During Telehealth Clinical Encounters

This JAMA Insights Clinical Update discusses the surge in intimate partner violence (IPV) during the COVID-19 lockdown and provides safe and patient-centered methods for primary care clinicians to screen for IPV and counsel patients during telehealth consultations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association is the property of American Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
When Internal Migration Fails: A Case Study of Central American Youth Who Relocate Internally Before Leaving Their Countries:

Executive SummaryThis paper examines the experiences of Central American youth who have attempted internal relocation before migrating internationally. Based on interviews and participant observati...
GraSP: distributed streaming graph partitioning

This paper presents a distributed, streaming graph partitioner, Graph Streaming Partitioner (GraSP), which makes partition decisions as each vertex is read from memory, simulating an online algorithm that must process nodes as they arrive. GraSP is a lightweight high-performance computing (HPC) library implemented in MPI, designed to be easily substituted for existing HPC partitioners such as ParMETIS. It is the first MPI implementation for streaming partitioning of which we are aware, and is empirically orders-ofmagnitude faster than existing partitioners while providing comparable partitioning quality. We demonstrate the scalability of GraSP on up to 1024 compute nodes of NERSC’s Edison supercomputer. Given a minute of run-time, GraSP can partition a graph three orders of magnitude larger than ParMETIS can.
Kant's Aesthetic Idealism

KANT'S Critique of Judgment is a seminal text in philosophical reflection about matters of art and beauty. Yet it is also an exceedingly difficult text for today's reader, due to the fact that it is deeply rooted in the aesthetic discussion of its time, the eighteenth century, and that it forms an integral part of Kant's own comprehensive philosophical system. While it is fairly standard to explain Kant's aesthetics by comparing his views to those of relevant contemporaries and predecessors in the field, little attention has been paid to the structural similarities between Kant's aesthetics and his views on other philosophical matters. In the present piece I want to explore this somewhat neglected line of inquiry. I shall concentrate on Kant's basic account of the conditions and limitations of human knowl
Fatal non-thrombotic pulmonary embolization in a patient with undiagnosed factitious disorder.

Background Factitious fever is extremely challenging to diagnose in patients with complicated chronic medical problems, and represents as much as 10% of fevers of unknown origin. Factitious fever caused by self-injecting oral medications through indwelling central catheters is a diagnostic challenge.
Limited Liability Rules, Financial Innovation and Capital Structure Complexity

During the course of the nineteenth century, many countries abolished debtors' prisons and imposed legal limits on borrowers' maximum liability. The same period saw the emergence of equity warrants. This paper shows how limited liability rules make warrants a critical part of firms' capital structure. We use a standard agency model of investment financing under moral hazard and risk aversion in which it is optimal for active shareholders to have unlimited liability. When the legal environment does not constrain active shareholders' choice of liability regime, it is found that they can finance investment with a simple combination of straight debt and limited-liability external equity as long as they themselves retain unlimited liability. That is, a simple capital structure suffices because harsh penalties can be imposed and outside investors can recover a significant fraction of their investment in case of default. In contrast, when legal rules exogenously limit entrepreneurs' maximum liability, a warrant issue becomes a key additional element of the optimal capital structure. The warrants optimally compensate outside investors for higher expected losses in the event of default.