cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INTEGRATING WILDLIFE AND HUMAN-DIMENSIONS RESEARCH METHODS TO STUDY HUNTERS

Abstract Recreational hunting is the primary management tool used by natural resource agencies to control ungulate populations. Although free-ranging ungulates have been studied extensively in North America, relatively little is known about the field behavior of hunters or the factors that influence hunting behavior, except on small study areas where access is limited and controlled. We developed 3 integrated protocols to estimate hunter density, distribution, movements, habitat use, characteristics, and attitudes, which can be used on large areas with unrestricted access. We described how aerial surveys, in conjunction with distance sampling techniques and a Geographic Information System (GIS) database of landscape characteristics, provide estimates of hunter density and a map of hunter distribution and habitat use. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) units issued to hunters to systematically record hunter locations. Hunters also completed a simple questionnaire. We linked these data and used them to...
Why a GME Squeeze Is Unlikely

Increases in numbers of medical students and a cap on Medicare-funded residency positions have sparked fear that some U.S. medical graduates won't be able to practice medicine. But the trends suggest that there will be ample slots for U.S. graduates over the next decade.
Experimental Cell Transplantation for Myocardial Repair

The heart is an organ whose function that hinges critically on its supply of and demand for oxygen. Supply of oxygen to the myocardium is influenced by factors such as blood oxygen content, blood pressure, coronary arterial resistance, and maximal coronary flow reserve. The last is considered the most important factor and is defined as the ratio of maximal achievable myocardial blood flow rate, by pharmacological selective coronary vessel dilation, to basal myocardial blood flow rate. Demand for oxygen by the myocardium is governed by factors such as heart rate, heart wall tension, wall thickness, and contractile state of heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes).
Automated reasoning and machine learning

This dissertation introduces new theorem-proving strategies and uses these strategies to solve a wide variety of difficult problems requiring logical reasoning. It also shows how to use theorem-proving to solve the problem of learning mathematical concepts. Our first algorithm constructs formulas called Craig interpolants from the refutation proofs generated by contemporary theorem-provers using binary resolution, paramodulation, and factoring. This algorithm can construct the formulas needed to learn concepts expressible in the full first-order logic from examples of the concept. It can also find sentences which distinguish pairs of nonisomorphic finite structures. We then apply case analysis to solve hard problems such as the zebra problem, the pigeonhole problem, and the stable marriage problem. The case analysis technique we use is the first to be fully compatible with resolution and rewriting and powerful enough to solve these problems. Our primary new theorem-proving strategies generate subgoals and efficient sets of rules. We show how to divide problems into smaller parts with intermediate goals by reversing logical implications. We solve these subdivided parts by discovering efficient subsets of rules or by generating efficient new rules. We apply these and other new search strategies to solve difficult problems such as the 15-puzzle, central solitaire, TopSpin, Rubik's cube, and masterball. Our strategies apply universally to all such problems and can solve them quite efficiently: the 15-puzzle, Rubik's cube and masterball can all be done in 300 seconds. Finally we apply our search strategies to solve real-world problems such as sorting, solving equations and inverting nonsingular matrices.
Secrecy’s use: Using Bakunin to theorize authority and free action

This article pursues the unsettling logic that secrecy may be a tool for enlightenment, empowerment and free political action. It explores nineteenth-century anarchist Bakunin’s ideas about enlightenment, knowledge, authority and political action, and in the process offers a way to understand his seemingly contradictory positions on secret societies and revolutionary organizations. For Bakunin, humans could only act freely if exercising their own judgment; authorities such as revolutionary parties could hinder people from doing so. Therefore, true revolution could only be coordinated by those who kept their organizational affiliation secret. Explaining Bakunin’s ideas about freedom, education, authority and propaganda provokes a number of conclusions that articulate with contemporary political theorizing about transparency and its converse, secrecy or anonymity, and the relationship of each to political life. As troubling as it is to consider, secrecy may have a hand in producing free political action, and it may even be sometimes necessary.
On Small Entire Functions of Exponential-Type with Given Zeros

This chapter is extracted from a paper of the same name by P. Malliavin and L. A. Rubel [22]. We obtain here a result that considerably generalizes Carlson’s Theorem presented in Chapter 20.
Lambertian nature of tissue phantoms for use as calibrators in near infrared fluorescence imaging

The use of tissue phantoms as calibrators to transfer SI-referenced scale to an imager offers convenience, compared to other methods of calibration. The tissue phantoms are calibrated separately for radiance at emission wavelength per irradiance at excitation wavelength. This calibration is only performed at a single geometric configuration, typically with the detector normal to the sample. In the clinic however, the imager can be moved around, resulting in a geometric configuration different from the calibration configuration. In this study, radiometric measurements are made at different sample-imager angles to test whether the tissue phantoms are Lambertian and the angular limits to which the calibration values hold true.
Judgments of Marketing Professionals about Ethical Issues in Marketing Research: A Replication and Extension:

The authors examine, in the context of Crawford's 1970 study, changes in marketing professionals’ research ethics judgments and the influence of organizational factors on those judgments. The resul...
An application of acquisition and reduction of data of variable short-time tests

The application of a digital computer and analog tape recorder for the complete task of data acquisition and reduction is discussed. The specific application is dynamic biaxial-stress tests at constant velocity of deformation, where the duration of the test event varies from 5 min to a few milliseconds. Up to 14 channels of simultaneously occurring data from transducers monitoring the test are recorded for calculations. A high degree of resolution is obtained using a conversion rate of 300 digital points per analog data channel, and a time-base difference between any of the data channels less than 2 μsec. An overall error of less than ±0.5 percent of the calibrated transducer input is achieved. The advantage of an intermediate analog-recording system over a real-time digital-recording system is discussed. Programming is described for timing of multiplexer addressing and storing of digital data on a disk memory.
Ockham's razor in interval identification

Since real-life measurements cannot be absolutely precise, we never know the precise value of a physical quantity, we only know an interval of its possible values. Due to this uncertainty, there are several different models that are consistent with the same measurement results. Which model should we choose? In this paper, we show that Ockham's razor principle (Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily) can lead to a natural criterion for choosing a model. As an example, we apply this criterion to data processing related to a reasonably simple psychological problem.
The Synthesis of V-doped TiO_2 and the Study of Photochemical Catalysis Properties

Using sol-gel method,pure and V-doped TiO 2 were synthesized with the different proportions.The absorption spectra and photocatalytic oxidation to methyl orange were studied.The results showed that the absorption wavelength increased due to the doped of V atom.With the proportion as n V:n Ti=1.2∶100 and calcine temperature as 500 ℃,the degradation rate of methyl orange can get up to 94.7%,under 250 W high pressure mercury lamp.
Glancing-angle–deposited magnesium oxide films for high-fluence applications

Birefringent magnesium oxide thin films are formed by glancing-angle deposition to perform as quarter-wave plates at a wavelength of 351 nm. These films are being developed to fabricate a large-aperture distributed-polarization rotator for use in vacuum, with an ultimate laser-damage–threshold goal of up to 12 J/cm2 for a 5-ns flat-in-time pulse. The laser-damage threshold, ease of deposition, and optical film properties are evaluated. While the measured large-area laser-damage threshold is limited to ~4 J/cm2 in vacuum, initial results based on small-spot testing in air (>20 J/cm2) suggest MgO may be suitable with further process development.
Panentheism from a Trinitarian Perspective

Classical models of the God–world relationship tend to emphasize the transcendence of God at the expense of God's immanence to the world of creation. Neo-classical or process-oriented models, on the other hand, tend to emphasize the immanence of God within the world process at the expense of the divine transcendence. Using the distinction originally made by Thomas Aquinas between person and nature within the Godhead, the author offers a modified process-oriented understanding of the God–world relationship in which the transcendence of the triune God to creation is assured but in which creatures derive their existence and activity from the divine nature or ground of being along with the divine persons. Ultimate Reality, therefore, is not God in a unipersonal sense, nor the three divine persons apart from creation, but a Cosmic Society of existents, both finite and infinite, who are sustained by one and the same underlying principle of existence and activity.
Overview of Biophotonics

Biophotonics or biomedical optics has become an indispensible tool for basic life sciences research and for biomedical diagnosis, therapy, monitoring, imaging, and surgery. This chapter first describes what biophotonics is and what its benefits and applications are. Then some basic concepts of light and of light-tissue interactions are described, including what specific lightwave windows are needed to carry out biophotonics processes. The final section gives a brief tutorial of biological cell and molecular structures, cellular and molecular functions, and the vocabulary used to describe these structures and functions. This topic is essential for understanding the biophotonics tools and light-tissue interaction processes described in this book.
Using authentic language data to teach discipline-specific writing patterns to STEM students

Technical and scientific writing service courses offer instructors the opportunity to engage with student populations from across the university. However, it is also this interdisciplinary appeal that has complicated the quality of instruction, particularly for STEM majors. The heterogeneous student population in our service courses often results in generic instruction that contradicts how STEM practitioners communicate on the job. We offer corpus-linguistic approaches as a solution for teaching variation in writing classes. Engaging students with authentic language data helps them understand the patterns used in their discipline rather than reinforce general, and potentially prescriptive, writing principles. We focus our study on the presence of passive voice and reporting verbs in a corpus of student-written critical reviews and white papers. Our results indicated that students applied passive voice in both text types, contradicting the advice of most generalist technical writing textbooks. More importantly, students appeared to use passive voice with an intent, often as a way to stay on topic. Our results also demonstrated that students used a variety of reporting verbs, notably show, believe, and conclude. Overall, these findings suggest ways that technical and scientific writing instructors can integrate corpus research into their classrooms.
mHEaL and mHealth in a Restricted Environment: Design and Usability of an Offline Mental Health Literacy App

This paper extends principles of usability and health information seeking to explore the development of an offline application for a special population of information consumers in a women's residential drug and treatment center. The offline application, called mHEal, will track and deliver mental health literacy (MHL) information to consumers, thereby increasing self-efficacy. Personalization of MHL services via a computer-based intervention required advanced usage of speculative usability, followed by design of an offline application. The paper will comment upon procedures of implementation, including a hybridized person-and-technology encounter, before closing on further usability considerations and implications for future health information technologies.
Abstract IA39: The genetic basis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common form of human lymphoma, is a heterogeneous neoplasm comprising multiple genetic, phenotypic and clinical subtypes, approximately 50% of which are incurable. These tumors may arise de novo or from the transformation of more indolent lymphomas, as observed in 30-40% of follicular lymphoma (FL) cases. Over the past decade, the introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies combined with genome-wide copy number analysis has allowed to comprehensively define the genomic landscape of this disease, leading to the identification of multiple genes and signaling pathways that are dysregulated by genetic lesions and represent potential targets for diagnosis and therapy. In addition to perturbations in the transcriptional control of apoptosis, differentiation and DNA damage responses or NF-κB activation, these efforts revealed the frequent targeting of genes implicated in chromatin remodeling and immune recognition/surveillance. In particular, one of the most commonly disrupted programs in both de novo DLBCL, FL and transformed FL (tFL) comprises genes encoding histone/chromatin modifying enzymes, including methyltransferases (MLL2, EZH2) and acetyltransferases (CREBBP, EP300), which may play a central role during malignant transformation. Interestingly, sequential analysis of tumor samples during transformation of FL to tFL indicates that inactivating mutations of CREBBP and MLL2 are acquired early in the evolutionary history of a common mutated ancestral clone. The disruption of these genes by genetic alterations may thus contribute to malignant transformation by shaping the epigenetic landscape of the cancer cell as well as by perturbing specific biological programs, in part through the altered balance between acetylation-mediated activation of the p53 tumor suppressor and inactivation of the BCL6 proto-oncogene. This talk will cover recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of DLBCL, as revealed by in vitro and in vivo studies. Citation Format: Laura Pasqualucci. The genetic basis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA39.
Development of an opioid-related Overdose Risk Behavior Scale (ORBS).

ABSTRACTBackground: Drug overdose has emerged as the leading cause of injury-related death in the United States, driven by prescription opioid (PO) misuse, polysubstance use, and use of heroin. To better understand opioid-related overdose risks that may change over time and across populations, there is a need for a more comprehensive assessment of related risk behaviors. Drawing on existing research, formative interviews, and discussions with community and scientific advisors an opioid-related Overdose Risk Behavior Scale (ORBS) was developed. Methods: Military veterans reporting any use of heroin or POs in the past month were enrolled using venue-based and chain referral recruitment. The final scale consisted of 25 items grouped into 5 subscales eliciting the number of days in the past 30 during which the participant engaged in each behavior. Internal reliability, test-retest reliability and criterion validity were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlations (ICC) and Pearson's correlations ...
Nature Versus Denture: An Ontology of Dental Prostheses

Between 1922 and 1950, a growing interest in mechanical principles led to the emergence of a range of non-anatomic dentures that aimed to eliminate the disadvantages of their anatomic counterparts in favour of better mastication efficiency, stability, comfort, and durability. This paper investigates why the development of these non-anatomic prostheses came to a halt. In doing so, it analyses a range of cultural and anthropological factors concerned with dental morphology, and concludes that the concept of who we are and what makes us human—our identity, personality, language, culture, or technology—no longer rests within the bounds of our material body, but in the non-material world we have created. And that the social, cultural, and technological systems we have built outside of us have as much influence over our physical and anatomical attributes as we did in shaping them.
Acute psychoactive effects of intravenous ketamine during treatment of mood disorders: Analysis of the Clinician Administered Dissociative State Scale

Abstract Introduction Ketamine has rapid-acting antidepressant effects. Frequently, ketamine administration also causes acute psychoactive effects – in trials, these effects are commonly measured using the Clinician Administered Dissociative State Scale (CADSS). However, the CADSS was not designed for this specific purpose, having been validated in other clinical contexts, and anecdotally does not appear to fully capture ketamine's acute psychoactive effects. Methods Data were obtained from 110 individuals with mood disorders (predominantly major depressive disorder) who underwent intravenous ketamine infusion. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the CADSS, along with assessment of internal consistency. Qualitative methods were used to conduct in-depth interviews with a subset of these participants to identify key features of the acute ketamine experience, including aspects that may not be captured by the CADSS. Results The mean total score of the CADSS was low at 7.7 (SD 9.2). Analysis of internal consistency showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.74. Five CADSS items had low correlations with the total score. EFA lead to a one-factor solution containing 16 items. Five of the six highest loading items involved perceptual disturbances, either of time or sensation. Qualitative analyses of 10 patient narratives revealed two phenomena not captured on the CADSS: disinhibition and a sense of peace. Limitations This study was by limited by the absence of other ratings of the participants’ experience. Conclusion Findings suggest that the CADSS partially captures the acute effects of ketamine administration. Further research may seek to validate a revised version of the CADSS that more accurately measures these effects.
The Metaplectic Representation and Annihilation and Creation Operators, $$d=1$$

In section 22.4, we saw that annihilation and creation operators quantize complexified coordinate functions \({\overline{z}}, z\) on phase space, giving a representation of the complexified Heisenberg Lie algebra \(\mathfrak h_3\otimes \mathbf C\). In this chapter, we will see what happens for quadratic combinations of the \({\overline{z}}, z\), which after quantization give quadratic combinations of the annihilation and creation operators.
What if Marx was an anarchist

This essay responds to David Harvey (2017, ‘Listen, Anarchist!’ a personal response to Simon Springer’s ‘Why a radical geography must be anarchist’. Dialogues in Human Geography) by proposing that Karl Marx could be considered an anarchist. To make this argument, I draw on Kojin Karatani’s Transcritique: On Kant and Marx (2005, Cambridge: MIT Press).
Review of noninvasive methods to characterize granular mixing

Abstract Granular mixing is a common process observed in a variety of industries such as construction, chemical processing, food handling, and cosmetics and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Over the years several methods have been devised to characterize granular mixing and to provide information on the quality of the mixture as well as mixing end points. In this work, three different noninvasive measurement categories are reviewed, namely: velocimetric, spectroscopic, and tomographic techniques. Velocimetric techniques such as particle image velocimetry and radioactive particle tracking are able to provide the trajectories and velocities of individual particles during the mixing process. Spectroscopic techniques focus on the chemical composition of the sample and are well suited for applications where there is little difference in the physical properties of the constituents such as particle size and density. Tomographic techniques such as X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide information such as the spatial distribution of the different constituents in the sample, and are useful in determining dead zones and inhomogeneities. A few other techniques are also discussed, particularly passive acoustic methods which, though can neither provide spatial distribution nor individual particle trajectories, are still useful and can be employed to determine mixing end points. The objective of the work is to provide a comparative assessment of the various noninvasive techniques and discuss their ability to effectively characterize the mixing process. The reported techniques will be reviewed thoroughly based on their functionality, viability, and characterization capability. The advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques are summarized and a comparison of the utility of the techniques in various applications is discussed.
Review of attacks on health care facilities in six conflicts of the past three decades

In the ongoing conflicts of Syria and Yemen, there have been widespread reports of attacks on health care facilities and personnel. Tabulated evidence does suggest hospital bombings in Syria and Yemen are far higher than reported in other conflicts but it is unclear if this is a reporting artefact. This article examines attacks on health care facilities in conflicts in six middle- to high- income countries that have occurred over the past three decades to try and determine if attacks have become more common, and to assess the different methods used to collect data on attacks. The six conflicts reviewed are Yemen (2015-Present), Syria (2011- Present), Iraq (2003–2011), Chechnya (1999–2000), Kosovo (1998–1999), and Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995). We attempted to get the highest quality source(s) with summary data of the number of facilities attacked for each of the conflicts. The only conflict that did not have summary data was the conflict in Iraq. In this case, we tallied individual reported events of attacks on health care. Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) reported attacks on 315 facilities (4.38 per month) in Syria over a 7-year period, while the Monitoring Violence against Health Care (MVH) tool launched later by the World Health Organization (WHO) Turkey Health Cluster reported attacks on 135 facilities (9.64 per month) over a 14-month period. Yemen had a reported 93 attacks (4.65 per month), Iraq 12 (0.12 per month), Chechnya > 24 (2.4 per month), Kosovo > 100 (6.67 per month), and Bosnia 21 (0.41 per month). Methodologies to collect data, and definitions of both facilities and attacks varied widely across sources. The number of reported facilities attacked is by far the greatest in Syria, suggesting that this phenomenon has increased compared to earlier conflicts. However, data on attacks of facilities was incomplete for all of the conflicts examined, methodologies varied widely, and in some cases, attacks were not defined at all. A global, standardized system that allows multiple reporting routes with different levels of confirmation, as seen in Syria, would likely allow for a more reliable and reproducible documentation system, and potentially, an increase in accountability.
Plasma Proteinase Inhibitors

There are various plasma proteinase inhibitors. Proteinase activity is an integral part of development, inflammation, and phagocytosis. Proteinase inhibitors constitute 10% of the total weight of mammalian plasma proteins. The chapter discusses α 1 -antitrypsin. The inherited deficiencies of α 1 -antitrypsin results in the disease states. The α 2 -macroglobulin (α 2 M) is one of the most potent proteinase inhibitors, having the capacity of inhibiting other classes of proteinases. The α 2 -macroglobulin entraps a broad range of proteinases, with different substrate specificity and catalytic mechanisms. An important function of α 2 -macroglobulin is its capacity to bind all cytokines, thus serving as an important mechanism of modulating cytokine activity. The inter-α trypsin inhibitor (IαTI) migrates between the α 1 and α 2 globulins electrophoretically and is an inhibitor of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. Proteinases serve important roles in protecting the host against infection and in producing cellular and molecular changes in the developing organisms. Protease inhibitors protect against uncontrolled proteolytic activity that could become a potentially lethal threat to the organism.
Traditional Systemic Therapy II: Retinoids and Others

Some patients with psoriasis either do not respond to or develop significant toxicities from the well-recognized first-line systemic therapeutic agents. However, there are a number of second-line systemic agents which may be effective. For example, acitretin is particularly effective in erythrodermic psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis, as well being the consensus treatment of choice for generalized pustular psoriasis. Since acitretin does not induce immunocompromise, it is useful in the management of severe psoriasis associated with HIV infection. Concomitant UVB or PUVA may be synergistic with acitretin. Although not FDA-approved to treat psoriasis, hydroxyurea has shown some efficacy in treating chronic plaque psoriasis and, in short bursts, may be useful to stop the earliest flare of pustular psoriasis.
The complexity of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathosystem in soybean: virulence factors, resistance mechanisms, and their exploitation to control Sclerotinia stem rot

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a globally important, yield limiting disease of soybean. Progress has been made in our understanding of this pathosystem at the plant level, such as the key role of oxalic acid in disease development and the importance of cell wall-degrading enzymes and other secreted proteins. Unfortunately, advances have largely focused on the fungal side of this interaction and only provide glimpses into the plant mechanisms governing resistance to this pathogen. With the absence of commercially available resistant soybeans, chemical and cultural solutions are being used by farmers to manage SSR with limited success. Additional research is needed to identify S. sclerotiorum resistance mechanisms that can be exploited to improve genetic resistance in soybean and decrease reliance on spray regimes. Technologies such as transgenics and RNAi could be exploited to improve the level of resistance to S. sclerotiorum in soybean. This review offers insight into the hurdles of managing SSR at the plant level and potential solutions that might be adopted in the future.
Gelation of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Solutions in Native and Organically Modified Silica Nanopores.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the surface and size effects of the nanopores on the thermodynamics and kinetics of gelation. The effects have been probed by applying differential scanning calorimetry to poly(vinylidene fluoride) solutions in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme) and γ-butyrolactone. Nanoconfinement has been accomplished by introducing gels into native and organically modified silica nanopores (4–30 nm). Nanoconfinement has produced two major effects. First, the heat of gelation has decreased three to four times compared to that for the bulk systems. Second, the temperature of gelation has increased by ~40 °C (tetraglyme based systems) and ~70 °C (γ-butyrolactone based systems), the increase being stronger in native nanopores. The effects are discussed in terms of acceleration of gelation due to heterogeneous nucleation at the confining surface, and retardation of gelation due to constricted polymer chain mobility in the middle of the pore volume. Calorimetric data have been subjected to isoconversional kinetics analysis. The obtained temperature dependencies of the activation energies of gelation have been interpreted in the frameworks of the nucleation model of Turnbull and Fisher. The results suggest that nanoconfinement leads to a lowering of both the free energy of nucleation and activation energy of diffusion.
Review: We-Aggregate.org

We-Aggregate.org Aggregate Architectural History Collaborative, http://we-aggregate.org One of the many complexities of digital publishing today lies in the relationship established between work and author. Where earlier online media tended to focus on the structural nature of texts and the discourse networks that connected them, more recently the author has made a comeback. Never before have we been offered so much information about writers, musicians, and other celebrities, and today it is rare to receive a work outside of a context prepared in advance by social media or other forms of online conversation. We-Aggregate.org proposes a model for scholarly discourse in this new environment. Ostensibly a website for the dissemination of work on architectural history, it is particularly difficult to pin down. Is it a web presence for a community of emerging architectural historians? A digital journal for advanced scholarship? A bulletin board for current events in the field? Such taxonomic difficulties are, in fact, at the very heart of a project that attempts to rethink the way historical scholarship is produced and disseminated. We-Aggregate.org is published and maintained by the Aggregate Architectural History Collaborative. Originating in a workshop convened by Arindam Dutta in the summer of 2006, the organization now includes upward of sixty “aggregators” and an even greater number of affiliated “interlocutors.” Aggregate's formation was motivated less by the founders’ need to promote any particular research project than by their shared desire to reshape the often-isolating conditions in which contemporary scholarship is produced.1 Although the members pursue their own research, the group promotes a belief that collaborative models of scholarship might broaden our understanding of architecture's place in the world. In such a collaborative environment, architectural history and theory rejects “us versus them” posturing in favor of the collective intelligence of a community. Aggregate's early workshops …
Deoxyuridine in DNA has an inhibitory and promutagenic effect on RNA transcription by diverse RNA polymerases

dUTP is a close structural congener of dTTP and can be readily incorporated into DNA opposite to adenine during DNA replication leading to non-mutagenic dU/A base pairs (‘uracilation’). We find that dU/A pairs located within DNA transcriptional templates optimized for either T7 RNA polymerase (T7 RNAP) or human RNA polymerase II (pol II) have inhibitory and mutagenic effects on transcription. The data for T7 RNAP establishes that even a single dU/A pair can inhibit promoter binding and transcription initiation up to 30-fold, and that inhibitory effects on transcription elongation are also possible. Sequencing of the mRNA transcribed from uniformly uracilated DNA templates by T7 RNAP indicated an increased frequency of transversion and insertion mutations compared to all T/A templates. Strong effects of dU/A pairs on cellular transcription activity and fidelity were also observed with RNA pol II using uracil base excision repair (UBER)-deficient human cells. At the highest levels of template uracilation, transcription by RNA pol II was completely blocked. We propose that these effects arise from the decreased thermodynamic stability and increased dynamics of dU/A pairs in DNA. The potential implications of these findings on gene regulation and disease are discussed.
Analyzing the bi-directional dynamic morphing of a bi-stable water-bomb base origami

Morphing structures have been a subject of much research recently because of their promising potentials in aerospace, wind turbine, and many other applications. There exists many different approaches to achieve shape morphing, among which the origami-inspired folding is particularly interesting in that folding is fundamentally three-dimensional, scalable, and customizable. However, activating and attaining large amplitude folding autonomously are challenging. Active materials, such as shape memory alloys, have been used to activate folding, but they are limited due to the power supply requirement to maintain the folded configurations. One possible solution is to embed bi-stability into the origami structure. Bi-stability can play two significant roles: First, it can significantly reduce the actuation requirement to induce shape morning; and second, it can maintain the shape change without demanding sustained energy supply. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using dynamic excitation to induce shape morphing (or folding) between the two stable states of water-bomb base. For the first time, we derive the dynamic equation of motion for a water-bomb base origami and use it extensively to analyze its time responses under harmonic excitation. Via numerical simulations, we show that by harnessing the intra-well resonance of the water-bomb structure, we can achieve rapid bi-directional morphing using relatively low actuation magnitudes in comparison with quasi-static loading.
“The Santa Claus Syndrome” Entrapment in Chimneys

In recent years, there have been sporadic reports in the lay press of individuals stuck in chimneys primarily during burglary attempts. Most of these individuals suffered from suffocation or soot inhalation. Because of the similarities between this form of breaking and entering and Santa Claus' traditional entrance into homes on Christmas Eve, we define the “Santa Claus Syndrome” as postural (positional) asphyxia, inhalational injuries and body burns, and/or complications related to compartment syndrome due to entrapment in chimneys. We report a case of a man who became trapped in a chimney during a burglary attempt and died a delayed death due to postural asphyxia associated with inhalational and burn injuries and anterior compartment syndrome. An analysis of this unusual case is presented. Exhaustional and postural asphyxia, compartment syndromes, and confined space-hypoxia syndrome are also discussed.
Mad Love: Martín Espada’s homage to Frank Espada’s photographic legacy

This article explores Martin Espada’s poetic reflection on the photographic legacy of his photographer father as it takes place in the poem “Mad Love” from the collection Vivas to Those Who Have Failed (2016). The eerie moment when the corneas Frank Espada donated are being extracted triggers in the poet the need to write a poem to, once again, advocate for others; only this time, the poet interrogates the ethics of sight against historical blindness to advocate for his father’s legacy. To better appreciate Martin Espada’s critical appraisal of his father’s photography, I complement his poetic rendition of Frank Espada’s photographs with observations of selected photos included in The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Themes in the Survival of a People (2006) and two other photos from Frank Espada’s personal collection.
Educating Physicians in Family Medicine Residencies About Nonpharmacologic Approaches to Pain: Results of an Online Integrative Course.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Opioid misuse is at an all-time crisis level, and nationally enhanced resident and clinician education on chronic pain management is in demand. To date, broad-reaching, scalable, integrative pain management educational interventions have not been evaluated for effectiveness on learner knowledge or attitudes toward chronic pain management. METHODS An 11-hour integrative pain management (IPM) online course was evaluated for effect on resident and faculty attitudes toward and knowledge about chronic pain. Participants were recruited from family medicine residencies participating in the integrative medicine in residency program. Twenty-two residencies participated, with 11 receiving the course and 11 serving as a control group. Evaluation included pre/post medical knowledge and validated measures of attitude toward pain patients, self-efficacy for nondrug therapies, burnout, and compassion. RESULTS Forty-three participants (34.4%) completed the course. The intervention group (n=50), who received the course, improved significantly (P<.05) in medical knowledge, attitude toward pain patients, and self-efficacy to prescribe nondrug therapies while the control group (n=54) showed no improvement. There was no effect on burnout or compassion for either group. The course was positively evaluated, with 83%-94% rating the course content and delivery very high. All participants responded that they would incorporate course information into practice, and almost all thought what they learned in the course would improve patient care (98%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of an online IPM course as an effective and scalable intervention for residents and primary care providers in response to the current opioid crisis and need for better management of chronic pain. Future directions include testing scalability in formats that lead to improved completion rates, implementation in nonacademic settings, and evaluation of clinical outcomes such as decreased opioid prescribing.
32.5 A Scalable and PCB-Friendly Daisy-Chain Approach to Parallelize LDO Regulators with 2.613% Current-Sharing Accuracy Using Dynamic Element Matching for Integrated Current Sensing

A single low-dropout regulator (LDO) for high output current applications presents a challenge for chip-level thermal management and also tends to be inefficient. Straightforward parallelizing of LOOs to increase output current is a flawed approach since subtle variations between devices even with the state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques can cause one of the LDOs to take over the maximum current, and thus enter current limit or thermal shutdown leading to instability and loss of regulation. Parallelizing regulators [1]–[6] to share the high output current equally across each regulator while preserving regulation and stability and to spread the dissipated heat uniformly is thus a challenging design problem.
Overwhelming whiteness of BDSM: A critical discourse analysis of racialization in BDSM:

Ahmed’s (2007) theory of the phenomenology of whiteness serves as a theoretical tool for assessing how whiteness presents itself within bondage, discipline, dominance/submission, and sadomasochism ...
Ars Longa, Vita Brevis

Following the step-by-step presentation of radiology department operations presented in this book, this chapter discusses some of the basic tools of operations analysis including queuing theory, process mining, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. It concludes with a discussion of our fundamental beliefs—that efficiency can improve quality, and that operations analysis can enhance but not replace managerial oversight. Data does not drive change. People drive change.
First-passage time calculations for a gene expression model

The stochastic nature of gene expression can lead to significant cell-to-cell variability in the time at which a certain protein level is attained. This is reflected in the timing of cellular events triggering at critical protein thresholds as well. A problem of interest is to understand how cells regulate gene expression to ensure precise timing of important events. To this end, we consider a gene expression model assuming constitutive expression in translation bursts. We also assume the proteins to be stable. The event timing is formulated as a first-passage time (FPT) problem and stochasticity in FPT for this model is quantified. We also investigate the effect of auto-regulation, a control mechanism often present in cells, on the stochasticity of FPT. In particular, we ask: given FPT threshold of proteins and mean FPT, what form of auto-regulation minimizes variance in FPT? Our results show that the objective is best achieved by having no auto-regulation. Moreover, a smaller mean burst size would result into lower stochasticity. We discuss our results in context of lysis time of E. coli cells infected by a λ phage virus. An optimal lysis time provides evolutionary advantage to λ phage, suggesting a possible regulation to minimize its stochasticity. Our results are consistent with previous studies showing there is no auto-regulation of the protein responsible for lysis. Moreover, congruent with experimental evidences, our analysis predicts that the expression of the lysis protein should have a small burst size.
Economic Development Incentives, Reported Job Creation, and Local Employment

State and local policymakers continue to utilize and place an important emphasis on economic development incentives as a means of attracting and retaining employers, with tax increment financing (TIF) being one of the more popular incentives. Recently, a number of states have increased reporting requirements for local economic development agencies in an attempt to ensure that targeted incentives are achieving their stated objectives. However, the economic validity of these reported jobs depends heavily on the extent to which the incentives draw new economic activity into an area. This paper examines the credibility of the number of jobs reported by local economic development agencies in Missouri as having been created or retained by TIF. The paper examines the impact of these reported jobs on county employment, as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Results suggest the number of jobs reportedly created by TIF districts do not significantly impact county employment.
Assessment of intolerance of uncertainty: Validation of a modified anagram task.

Abstract Background and objectives Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is an individual difference factor that reflects difficulty tolerating emotional distress in the context of uncertainty and is a robust transdiagnostic risk factor for emotional disorders. A limitation of prior research on IU is the heavy reliance on self-report measures to assess this construct. The aim of the present study was to examine the validity of a brief, computerized anagram task modified to assess IU (the PACT Anagram Task; PAT). Methods Participants were 221 unselected undergraduate students (71% female; Mage = 19; 89% Caucasian) who completed the PAT and a series of self-report measures of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity, and measures of anxiety and depression symptoms online for course credit. Results Greater PAT-Distress was positively correlated measures of convergent validity and demonstrated incremental validity in relation to self-reported IU above and beyond attentional control. None of the PAT indicators were associated with compassion or empathic concern, evidencing discriminant validity. PAT-Distress and PAT-Answers were each associated with greater worry above and beyond self-reported IU. Limitations Study limitations include the cross-sectional design and lack of diversity in terms of sample demographics. Furthermore, we did not examine convergence between this task and other behavioral measures of IU. Conclusion Subjective distress following completion of the PAT may serve as one indicator of IU. Further research is needed in order to replicate these results and validate the use of the PAT in clinical samples.
State of Pandemic: Opportunity or Challenge to the Alternative für Deutschland Party?

Despite amassing significant popularity after the European migration crisis in 2015, the Alternative fur Deutschland party (AfD) has faced declining support throughout the coronavirus pandemic. This article seeks to answer the question of how the party changed its political strategy and communication with voters during the pandemic, considering its decreasing popularity. By analyzing the AfD’s Facebook posts from January to December 2020, I found that the party maintained its initial strategy of government criticism and migration issues. However, the AfD posted the most on culture issues, demonstrating that it is incorporating cultural grievances outside of migration to appeal to more conservative and potentially extreme voters.
Routing Strategies for High-Fidelity, Multiplexed Quantum Networks

We recently introduced a "quantum router" architecture that improves entanglement fidelities in chains of multiplexed repeaters. Here, we address local entanglement routing across general network graphs of routers to optimize entanglement rates and fidelities.
TH-EF-BRB-06: A Method to Synthesize Hybrid KV/MV Projections for Metal Artifact Corrections in CBCT

Purpose: Simultaneous utilization of kV and MV projections is a promising approach to correct metal artifacts in CBCT. However, due to inherent differences in attenuation, beam hardening, and scattering properties of kV and MV beams, it is challenging to employ kV and MV projections in the same CBCT set. To address these limitations, a novel method was developed to generate hybrid kV/MV projections, and to correct metal artifacts in CBCT images. Methods: First, a calibration dataset-based method was developed to correct beam hardening and scatter in kV and MV projections, and to convert MV projections to kV-equivalent attenuation maps. In the next stage, hybrid kV/MV projections were synthesized by weighted summation of corrected kV and MV projections; a user-controlled, generalized logistic curve was utilized as the weighting function, and its shape determined the relative weight of kV and MV projections with respect to relative attenuation differences on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Results: Phantoms with integrated metal hardware were imaged using 125 kVp and 6 MV beams from a linac with on-board KV imaging. CBCT images were reconstructed from KV-only projections and from hybrid kV/MV projections. In kV-only CBCT sets, metal hardware lead to severe artifacts and HU variations. HU values were underestimated by — 400±117 in a Catphan phantom with femoral implants. On the other hand, CBCT reconstructed from hybrid kV/MV projections exhibited significantly less metal artifacts, and the underestimation in HU values was reduced to — 100±73. Similar results were observed in all imaging experiments. Conclusion: Our method was successful in reducing metal artifacts, and improving CT number accuracy in CBCT images. Consistency of corrections appeared to be robust under diverse imaging conditions. The user-controlled weighting function allowed fine tuning the balance between the level of desired metal artifact suppression and the preservation of soft tissue contrast in CBCT images.