cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Profiles of adverse childhood experiences and impulsivity

Abstract The influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which often include childhood exposure to maltreatment and household dysfunction, on health risk behaviors during young adulthood has been widely documented. A vulnerability marker for the increased risky behaviors among young ACEs victims such as impulsivity remains to be explored. The present study investigated how different profiles of ACEs influence impulsivity in young adulthood. Respondents were young people (N = 336; ages 18–25) who were recruited from the community. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify subpopulations of individuals based on varying exposure to 13 types of ACEs, including childhood maltreatment, household dysfunction, and community violence. Four distinct classes emerged: Low ACEs (56%), Household Dysfunction/Community Violence (14%), Emotional ACEs (14%), and High/Multiple ACEs (16%). Multiple regression analyses found that compared to those in the Low ACEs class, young adults in the Emotional ACEs and High/Multiple ACEs respectively, reported increased levels of negative urgency, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other impulsivity traits. This result suggests that childhood exposure to multiple ACEs at high levels is particularly related to impulsive self-control in the context of intense negative emotionality.
The domestic violence fatality review clearinghouse: introduction to a new National Data System with a focus on firearms

In the US more than 1 in 4 women and 1 in 7 men have experienced severe physical violence by an intimate partner. The most severe violence, violence that ends in death, disproportionately affects women. Current or former male intimate partners commit the majority of homicides of females and fifty to 60 % of these homicides are perpetrated with firearms. Most murder-suicides involve intimate partners and the vast majority of these cases are women murdered by intimate partners using a firearm. Little data exist to illuminate the social and legal circumstances surrounding firearm use in intimate partner homicide. Here we describe US Domestic Violence Fatality Review Teams and the planning and development of a National Clearinghouse for Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews. Among other things, the National Clearinghouse will centrally record and harmonize reviews across the US through standardized reporting templates and protocols for gathering de-identified intimate partner homicide case information. Domestic violence fatality reviews provide a promising yet underutilized data source to understand the links between firearms and domestic violence related deaths. The nascent Clearinghouse can inform policy approaches to address intimate partner homicide as well as firearm-related violence in the United States.
The Organization of Central Catecholamine Neuron Systems

In the late 1900’s, three phenomena gave great impetus to the study of the morphology of the nervous system: first, the evolution of the neuron doctrine; second, the development of powerful techniques for the analysis of neural structure; third, the prominence of the concept of localization of function. A natural consequence of the development of the neuron doctrine was the concept of the synapse, which, in turn, required that some mechanism be established by which information is transmitted from one nerve cell to another or from a nerve cell to an effector cell. The history of the development of the concept of chemical transmission at the synapse is too well known to be recounted here. Of particular importance for this review was the establishment of noradrenaline as the sympathetic neurotransmitter by von Euler (1946). This was followed by the landmark work of Vogt (1954) demonstrating that noradrenaline and adrenaline are present in brain with a distinct regional distribution that is independent of the sympathetic innervation of the CNS. Numerous subsequent studies have refined these observations, but it was not until the development of a specific and sensitive histochemical method for the intracellular demonstration of catecholamines (Falck et al, 1962; Falck, 1962; Carlsson et al, 1962; for a review, cf. Corrodi and Jonsson, 1967) that a precise analysis of central catecholarnine (CA) neuron systems could be carried out.
Accurate Small-Signal Model for LLC Resonant Converters

Resonant converters are the preferred topologies of a wide range of applications. The major benefits, especially for LLC converters, are zero-voltage switching (ZVS), low turn-off current of primary-side switches, zero-current switching of rectifier, and circuit simplicity. Despite the popularity, no simple and accurate small-signal model is available. In most applications, a feedback loop is incorporated into the control system to provide a regulated output. Therefore, small-signal models for those converters are critical for an optimal controller design. Based on describing function method, this paper proposes an accurate small-signal modeling for LLC converters. The study on spectrum shows the non-linear portion in LLC converters consisting of voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), inverter, resonant tank, and rectifier has to be modeled as a whole. The describing functions of the non-linear block are derived. The model is accurate beyond switching frequency, which establishes a solid base for further development of a simplified equivalent circuit model.
Dynamical Quenching of the α2 Dynamo

We present a two-scale approximation for the dynamics of a nonlinear α2 dynamo. Solutions of the resulting nonlinear equations agree with the numerical simulations of Brandenburg and show that α is quenched by the buildup of magnetic helicity at the forcing scale 1/k2 as the α effect transfers it from the large scale 1/k1(> 1/k2). For times t > (k1/k2)ReM,2 in eddy turnover units (where ReM,2 is the magnetic Reynolds number of the forcing scale), α is limited resistively in the form predicted for the steady state case. However, for t ReM,2, α takes on its kinematic value independent of ReM,2, allowing the production of large-scale magnetic energy equal to k1/k2 times equipartition. Thus, the dynamic theory of α predicts substantial "fast" growth of a large-scale field despite being "slow" at large times.
A Multistage Resonant DC–DC Converter for Step-Up Applications

Resonant switched capacitor converters are a viable option for high-efficiency dc–dc converters. This article proposes a generic multistage resonant switched capacitor converter (MSR-SCC) for step-up applications. This article studies the performance of the MSR-SCC using a systematic approach both above and below the resonant frequency, which results in zero-voltage switching and zero-current switching, respectively. It also proposes a control algorithm to regulate the output voltage of the converter in both operating conditions. To validate the proposed analysis and control algorithms, an MSR-SCC is simulated and experimentally implemented with GaN switching devices, which enable converter operation at lower conduction losses and higher switching frequencies.
Time Distribution Mapping: a Generic Transient Signal Monitoring Technique for Prognostic Methods

The utilization of steady state monitoring techniques has become an established means of providing diagnostic and prognostic information for systems and equipment. This is mainly driven by both the wealth of available analysis techniques and the comparatively larger amount of data. However, steady state data is not the only, or in some cases, even the best source of information regarding the health and state of a system. Transient data has largely been overlooked as a source of system information due to the additional complexity in analyzing these types of signals. Time Distribution Mapping via the Sharp Transform allows for a fast, intuitive, generic quantification of deviations a transient signal from an established norm. Without regard to the type or source of the signal, referencing to an established Time Distribution Map can implicitly capture shifts mean, standard deviation, skewness, or even gross frequency shifts without need of additional processing. By quantifying and trending these shifts, an accurate measure of system heath can be established and utilized by prognostic algorithms. In fact, for some systems the elevated stress levels during transients can provide better, more clear indications of system health than those derived from steady state monitoring.
Targeting glycan sulfation in a CD11c+ myeloid population inhibits early KRAS-mutant lung neoplasia.

Early lung carcinoma development may be modulated by innate host cellular mechanisms that promote tumor growth and invasion. We recently identified how a loss-of-function mutation in the glycan sulfating enzyme N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1; involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis) targeted to antigen presenting cells (APCs) may augment acquired anti-tumor T cell immune mechanisms. Crossing this mutation (Ndst1f/f CD11cCre+) onto a model of inducible spontaneous Kras mutant lung cancer [CCSP-rtTA; (tetO7) CMV-Kras-G12D] allowed us to examine how the APC mutation affects the formation and growth of early lung carcinoma. We examined early bronchocentric adenoma formation in the model, and the frequency of such events was significantly reduced on the mutant background. This was associated with significant reductions in tumor associated FOXP3+ cellular infiltration and CD163+ M2-type macrophage infiltration. The findings evolved prior to effector CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors. The impact of this unique glycan under-sulfating mutation on inhibiting early Kras G12D mutant bronchocentric adenoma formation along with a cellular phenotype of inhibited tumor infiltration by cells involved in suppressive T-regulatory cell signaling (FOXP3+ cells) or tumor-permissive M2 macrophage functions (CD163+ cells) provides insight on how glycan targeting may modulate innate cellular mechanisms during early lung tumor development. The findings may also impact the future design of host-centered immunologic anti-tumor therapeutic strategies.
An Online Safety Guard For Intelligent Transportation Systems

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) become more and more sophisticated. They get equipped with different sensors to observe environmental as well as traffic conditions targeting to increase traffic flow and to improve roadway safety. At the same time, automated driving systems are hitting the road and their safety concepts become more and more mature. This raises the idea of what it would take to transfer advanced in-vehicle safety approaches into the roadside. In this paper, we discuss how Responsibility-Sensitive Safety can be applied as a safety guard within the infrastructure and show the incremental benefits for the ITS.
Rooms for the Misbegotten: Social Design and Social Deviance

L'A. s'interroge sur les strategies mises en place en matiere de logement pour developper le sens de la communaute chez les plus pauvres et les individus «a risque». Il s'efforce de comprendre l'influence de l'environnement sur les comportements deviants. Il presente les resultat d'une enquete menee a Pittsburgh en Pennsylvanie aux Etats-Unis aupres des occupants d'un foyer octroyant des chambres amenagees. Il evalue deux modeles mis en place pour pallier aux besoins des personnes hebergees dans ce cadre. Le premier met l'accent sur la reponse a ces besoins et sur l'intervention des travailleurs sociaux. Le second insiste sur la participation de ces individus, les travailleurs sociaux n'intervenant que pour stimuler cette participation. Il estime que ce second modele permet de facon plus significative de reduire la deviance et de developper un sens communautaire
Credit Risk Models by Type of Business

This empirical study focuses on credit risk models for small businesses in the U.S. and tests if different models are needed based on the type of business. The application is specifically for small farm businesses (dairy, beef, grain, and hog farm businesses) in Illinois from 1995 to 2006. The results show that the effect of financial ratios on repayment capacity, and thus on credit risk, differ for farm businesses based on their business types. These findings show that working with aggregated models across business types in the U.S. may lead to misleading results and that lenders should take into consideration the type of business when evaluating the credit worthiness and repayment capacity of small businesses.
Solution‐Focused Brief Therapy

Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) has been one of the most popular approaches incurrent the managed care environment because of its emphasis on a non-pathologicalview of individuals, its focus on brief treatment, and its easily teachable skills. In con-trast to traditional therapies, SFBT stresses an egalitarian relationship between the therapist and the client that truly empowers the client. It further posits that language is the primary vehicle for change, and therefore engages the client in a therapeutic conversation from the beginning of therapy to help the client to explore and constructnew meanings in his life. Because it provides a clear and concrete guideline for treat-ment, SFBT has been widely well received by clinicians (Becvar & Becvar, 2006;Cheung, 2005; Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2008; Nichols & Schwartz, 2008). The rapid increase in the number of therapists that practice SFBT is evidenced by the websites ofthe Solution Focused Brief Therapy Association (www.sfbta.org) and the European BriefTherapy Association (www.ebta.nu) (see Resources below).The leading ﬁgures of SFBT were Steve de Shazer (1985, 1988, 1991, 1994) and InsooKim Berg (1994), a husband-and-wife team, who were the main proponents of this approachfrom the mid-1980s. They co-founded the Brief Family Therapy Center (BFTC) inMilwaukee, Wisconsin, where they researched and developed SFBT and trained manynational and international clinicians in this approach. Unfortunately de Shazer passedaway in September, 2005, and Berg in January, 2007. Other proponents and proliﬁc writers of SFBT include Scott Miller (1994), Michele Weiner-Davis (1993), Eve Lipchik (1993, 2002), and Bill O’Hanlon (1993a, 1993b). The ﬁrst three individuals were attime or another afﬁliated with one the BFTC. Scott Miller continues to direct alcoholand drug treatment there and practices in Chicago. Michele Weiner-Davis, after leavingthe BFTC, continues to practice SFBT in Woodstock, Illinois. Eve Lipchik has dis-cussed and advocated the importance of affect in SFBT and continues to practice in Milwaukee. Bill O’Hanlon, who co-authored with Michele Weiner-Davis an inﬂuentialCheung, S. (2009). Solution-focused brief therapy. In J. Bray & M. Stanton (Eds.), Handbook of family psychology (pp. 212-225). West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishers
Improving Control Drug Distribution Through (Nursing — Pharmacy) Cooperation

(1977). Improving Control Drug Distribution Through (Nursing — Pharmacy) Cooperation. Hospital Topics: Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 30-33.
What's in a prerequisite [learning environments]

It is important that all pedagogical design decisions in educational learning environments are made explicit to the educator. However, implicit assumptions affecting or even contradicting the "official" pedagogical method may unbeknownst slip into the design. We discuss a concrete problem in the area of adaptive hypermedia systems related to the notion of a prerequisite. Prerequisites are frequently used to describe the many different educationally effective paths on which learners may traverse a hypermedia system. However, a closer look reveals that several different concepts are called prerequisite and confusing them may lead to flawed designs. We make recommendations as how to avoid misusing the different notions of prerequisites in adaptive hypermedia systems.
Kiloprocessor Extensions to SCI

To expand the Scalable Coherent Interface's (SCI) capabilities so it can be used to efficiently handle sharing in systems of hundreds or even thousands of processors, the SCI working group is developing the Kiloprocessor Extensions to SCI. We describe the proposed GLOW and STEM kiloprocessor extensions to SCI. These two sets of extensions provide SCI with scalable reads and scalable writes to widely-shared data. This kind of datum represents one of the main obstacles to scalability for many cache coherence protocols. The GLOW extensions are intended for systems with complex networks of interconnected SCI rings, (e.g., large networks of workstations). GLOW extensions are based on building k-ary sharing trees that map well to the underlying topology. In contrast STEM is intended for systems where GLOW is not applicable (e.g., topologies based on centralized switches). STEM defines algorithms to build and maintain binary sharing trees. We show that latencies of GLOW reads and writes grow only logarithmically with the number of nodes sharing, in contrast to SCI where latencies grow linearly, therefore validating GLOW as a good solution to efficient wide sharing of data. Previous work showed the same for STEM.
Ideology Matters in the Antitrust Debate

The popular perception of modern antitrust is that it has evolved into an economic and technocratic discipline that is largely apolitical and non-ideological. In this paper, I question this perception and argue that ideology does matter in the antitrust debate, particularly with respect to exclusionary conduct and its treatment under Section 2 of the Sherman Act. Ideological differences between antitrust conservatives and liberals have the greatest impact in this area because the competitive effects of dominant firm conduct are often unclear, and the theories offered to support either permissive or restrictive standards are inconclusive. There is also no economic consensus on the competing Schumpeter-Arrow theories as to whether concentrated or competitive markets better spur dynamic efficiency, an important issue in the debate on Section 2 enforcement. Nor are there reliable estimates of the risks and costs of false positives and false negatives, which means that application of a decision-theoretic approach is hardly simply an economic exercise. In this context, it is almost inevitable that a policymaker’s ideology will come into play. Ideological differences that matter include general optimism or pessimism about markets, trust or distrust of government institutions, differing intuitions about dominant firms and the value of competition, and broader social worldviews relating to property rights, economic liberty, merit, fairness, and opportunity. I discuss how and why these differing beliefs may bias one’s choice of theory and interpretation of evidence, bias the decision-theoretic approach to Section 2, and predispose one toward either Schumpeter or Arrow when reliable evidence supporting either theory is lacking. This in turn would obviously affect one’s perspective on appropriate Section 2 policy.
Spatially distinct head and heart inducers within the Xenopus organizer region

Abstract Background: The mouse anterior visceral endoderm, an extraembryonic tissue, expresses several genes essential for normal development of structures rostral to the anterior limit of the notochord and has been termed the head organizer. This tissue also has heart-inducing activity and expresses mCer1 which, like its Xenopus homolog cerberus , can induce markers of cardiac specification and anterior neural tissue when ectopically expressed. We investigated the relationship between head and heart induction in Xenopus embryos, which lack extraembryonic tissues. Results: We found three regions of gene expression in the Xenopus organizer: deep endoderm, which expressed cerberus ; prechordal mesoderm, which showed overlapping but non-identical expression of genes characteristic of the murine head organizer, such as XHex and XANF-1 ; and leading-edge dorsoanterior endoderm, which expressed both cerberus and a subset of the genes expressed by the prechordal mesoderm. Microsurgical ablation of the cerberus -expressing endoderm decreased the incidence of heart, but not head, formation. Removal of prechordal mesoderm, in contrast, caused deficits of anterior head structures. Finally, although misexpression of cerberus induced ectopic heads, it was unable to induce genes thought to participate in head induction. Conclusions: In Xenopus , the cerberus -expressing endoderm is required for heart, but not head, inducing activity. Therefore, this tissue is not the topological equivalent of the murine anterior visceral endoderm. We propose that, in Xenopus, cerberus is redundant to other bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt antagonists located in prechordal mesoderm for head induction, but may be necessary for heart induction.
Substitutions of Phe61 located in the vicinity of template 5'-overhang influence polymerase fidelity and nucleoside analog sensitivity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is an error-prone DNA polymerase. Structural determinants of its fidelity are incompletely understood. RT/template primer contacts have been shown to influence its fidelity and sensitivity to nucleoside analog inhibitors. The Phe(61) residue, located within the beta 3 sheet of the finger subdomain, is highly conserved among retroviral RTs. The crystal structure of a ternary complex revealed that Phe(61) contacts the first and second bases of the 5'-template overhang. To determine whether such contacts influence the dNTP-binding pocket, we performed a limited vertical scanning mutagenesis (Phe --> Ala, Leu, Trp, or Tyr) at Phe(61). The F61A mutant displayed the highest increase in fidelity, followed by the F61L and F61W variants, which had intermediate phenotypes. F61Y RT had a minimal effect. The increase in fidelity of the F61A mutant was corroborated by a 12-fold decrease in its forward mutation rate. The Phe(61) mutant RTs also displayed large reductions in sensitivity to 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate and 2',3'-dideoxy,2'3'-didehydrothymidine triphosphate. Mutants displaying the largest increase in fidelity (F61A and F61L) were also the most resistant. These results suggest that contacts between the finger subdomain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RT and the template 5'-overhang are important determinants of the geometry of the dNTP-binding pocket.
Comparative fate of the tritiated trichothecene mycotoxin, T-2 toxin, in chickens and ducks.

Abstract A tritiated preparation of the trichothecene mycotoxin, T-2 toxin, was administered as a single oral dose to 21-day-old male broiler (Hubbard × Hubbard) chickens and White Pekin ducks. There were few significant differences between the two species in metabolism, tissue retention, and excretion of T-2 toxin and its metabolites. On the basis of the data obtained, the differences in toxicological sensitivity to T-2 toxin known to exist between these two species cannot likely be attributed to differences in the metabolism or elimination of T-2 toxin from the body.
Hydrosalpinx fluid diminishes endometrial cell HOXA10 expression

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of hydrosalpinx fluid on the expression of HOXA10, an essential regulator of endometrial receptivity. Design: In vitro study. Setting: Academic medical center. Patient(s): Patients with unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx. Intervention(s): Hydrosalpinx fluid was aspirated from 10 patients at laparoscopy. The fluid was serially diluted in minimum essential medium. Ishikawa cells (an endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line, representative of endometrial epithelium) were incubated with this fluid at concentrations of 10% and 50% for 48 hours. Cells were also incubated in undiluted minimum essential medium (MEM) and in 10% serum as controls. After incubation, the cells were lysed in Trizol, and total RNA was extracted and analyzed by Northern blot using a 32 P-labeled HOXA10 riboprobe. A 32 P-labeled G3PDH probe was used as a control for loading. Main Outcome Measure(s): HOXA10 mRNA expression. Result(s): HOXA10 mRNA expression in endometrial cells decreased with increasing concentrations of hydrosalpinx fluid. Densitometric analysis of the northern blot revealed that HOXA10 mRNA expression was different from control at both concentrations ( P Conclusion(s): HOXA10 is necessary for implantation in the murine model. HOXA10 expression is diminished by hydrosalpinx fluid. This effect on HOXA10 is a potential molecular mechanism by which implantation rates are diminished in women with hydrosalpinges.
Selected properties of [3H]prostaglandin E1 binding to dispersed bovine luteal cells.

Abstract Selected properties of [3H]prostaglandin (PG) e1 binding to collagenase dispersed bovine luteal cells were studied and compared with those observed in luteal plasma membranes. [3H]-PGE1 specific binding to a relatively homogeneous population of luteal cells was a rapid (K1 = 4.2 × 105 M−1 · sec−1), reversible (K−1 = 3.9 × 10−3 sec−2), saturable and specific process at 38°C. The binding was homogeneous with an apparent dissociation constant of 2.4 nM and 1.8 × 105 receptors per cell. The presence of increasing amounts of unlabeled PGs inhibited [3H]PGE1 binding in a dose-dependent manner. The potency order for this inhibition of binding was: PGE2 > PGE1, (15S)-15-methyl-PGE2 methyl ester > PGF2α > PGF1α > other PGs, PGE, PGF metabolites and PGF analogs. Other than the homogeneous nature of [3H]PGE1 binding and the greater effectiveness of PGE2 compared to PGE1 in cells, the rest of the properties of [3H]PGE1 binding to cells were in excellent agreement with those observed in plasma membranes.
Changes in site specificity of single-strand-specific endonucleases on supercoiled PM2 DNA with temperature and ionic environment

Abstract Mung bean nuclease sites in supercoiled PM2 DNA at neutral pH were located by linearizing the singly-nicked circular DNA product with venom phosphodiesterase followed by restriction endonuclease mapping. The locations of the sites varied with small changes in temperature and in concentration of NaC1 or magnesium ion. Different environmental changes which affect duplex stability in the same direction showed similar effects on the number of sites and in some cases resulted in identical cleavage patterns. Venom phosphodiesterase and P1 nuclease showed cleavage patterns similar to mung bean nuclease under the same environmental conditions and showed similar variations in cleavage patterns when environmental conditions were changed. Relaxed, closed-circular DNA was slowly cleaved at numerous sites whose locations did not vary with environment. Changes in site specificity are likely the result of environmental effects on the conformation of supercoiled DNA as opposed to effects on the single-strand-specific endonucleases themselves.
Direct complement fixation by turkey and chicken serum in viral systems.

SummaryA procedure for direct complement fixation with unheated turkey and chicken serum or citrated plasma is outlined. Three viral systems, ornithosis, Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis have been tested. Results are compared with other serological methods.
The influence of impoundments on riverine nutrient transport: An evaluation using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool

Summary Studies of nutrient dynamics within stream reaches and in lakes and impoundments have resulted in important advances in our understanding of each system. However, less effort has been directed at understanding how linkages between stream and impoundment systems interact to determine nutrient dynamics at the watershed scale, and the possible influence of position of lakes and impoundments within river systems. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to the Huron and Raisin watersheds in southeastern Michigan to better understand the effect of impoundments on riverine nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exports. The two watersheds were calibrated and validated for stream discharge and water quality parameters using data from 1995 to 2005 by using time series plots and statistical measures to verify model predictions. Simulated hydrology and water quality parameters closely resembled observed data except for daily streamflow in the Huron watershed and monthly nitrate loads in the Raisin watershed. The presence of impoundments had a marked effect on nutrient export from both watersheds. Modeled total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) export loads approximately doubled when all impoundments were removed from the Huron watershed model. The Raisin watershed showed a greater absolute increase in TP loads and a similar absolute increase in TN loads compared to the Huron, but because nutrient loads were several times larger in the Raisin, the proportional change was less. Impoundments placed near river mouths or in N and P source areas were most effective at reducing export, and many smaller reservoirs caused a greater reduction in nutrient loads than did a single large reservoir. In addition, impoundments increased the interannual variability in nutrient loads. Based on simulations using SWAT, impoundments have a substantial effect on riverine nutrient export, and that effect varies with their size and location.
Doxorubicin resistance in human melanoma cells: MDR-1 and glutathione S-transferase π gene expression

Abstract Cellular drug resistance is believed to involve P-glycoprotein-related drug efflux as well as xenobiotic detoxification. In the present study, we analyzed five human melanoma cell lines with 1- to 6-fold doxorubicin resistance for doxorubicin retention and MDR-1 and GST π gene expression. All the cell lines had high doxorubicin retention, and efflux blockers such as trifluoperazine and verapamil did not have a major effect on drug retention or cytotoxicity. Even though all the cell lines carried the MDR-1 and GST π genes, gene amplification was not associated with drug resistance. Both laser flow cytometry and immunoperoxidase staining showed high expression of C-219 reactive P-glycoprotein in some of the resistant cells which was not accompanied by either high drug efflux or sensitivity to doxorubicin efflux blockers.
Advertising montage: Two theoretical perspectives

Building upon structuralist and phenomenological theories, this article explores the effects of video montage—camera cuts in particular—on the appeal and persuasiveness of television advertisements. The article proposes a structuralist method for objectively describing ad form and tests well-known theories propounding that responses to a stimulus are a function of boredom and confusion. Camera cuts, boredom, and confusion were all found to affect subjects' attitude toward the ad. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of Streptococcus mutans aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase gene cloned into plasmid pBR322.

Summary: Streptococcus mutans chromosomal DNA cloned into the vector plasmid pBR322 in Escherichia coli is able to complement the metabolic defect of an aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.11) gene (asd) deletion in the host strain. We constructed two Asd+ recombinant plasmids, pYA570 and pYA571, containing 4·7 and 4·5 kilobases, respectively, of S. mutans chromosomal DNA inserted into the HindIII restriction endonuclease site of pBR322 in the same orientation. The S. mutans UAB62 Asd+ DNA did not hybridize with E. coli DNA which contained an intact asd gene, but did hybridize with S. mutans UAB62 chromosomal DNA. Derivative Asd+ plasmids were then constructed from pYA570. One, pYA574, had a 4·5 kilobase S. mutans insert DNA in the opposite direction from pYA570. In another, pYA575, the S. mutans insert DNA was reduced in size to 1·3 kilobases. It was seen that the orientation of the S. mutans DNA fragment inserted into the promoter region of the pBR322 tetracycline resistance (Tcr) gene affected expression of Tcr. Orientation of the S. mutans insert also affected the stability of the plasmid in certain E. coli strains. Restriction maps for pYA570, pYA571, pYA574 and pYA575 using the endonucleases EcoRI, BamHI, HindIII, PstI and SalI were determined. Asd+ plasmid-directed protein synthesis was studied in E. coli minicells. The plasmids pYA570, pYA574 and pYA575 each produced large amounts of a protein, with a monomeric molecular weight of about 45000, that was distinct from both pBR322 and E. coli specified protein; this protein is the S. mutans asd gene product. Smaller derivatives of recombinant plasmid pYA575 that were Asd− allowed the location of the S. mutans asd gene promoter and the direction of transcription to be determined.
Expression profiling and mutant analysis reveals complex regulatory networks involved in Arabidopsis response to Botrytis infection

The expression profiles of Botrytis-inoculated Arabidopsis plants were studied to determine the nature of the defense transcriptome and to identify genes involved in host responses to the pathogen. Normally resistant Arabidopsis wild-type plants were compared with coi1, ein2, and nahG plants that are defective in various defense responses and/or show increased susceptibility to Botrytis. In wild-type plants, the expression of 621 genes representing approximately 0.48% of the Arabidopsis transcriptome was induced greater than or equal to twofold after infection. Of these 621 Botrytis-induced genes (BIGs), 462 were induced at or before 36 h post-inoculation, and may be involved in resistance to the pathogen. The expression of 181 BIGs was dependent on a functional COI1 gene required for jasmonate signaling, whereas the expression of 63 and 80 BIGs were dependent on ethylene (ET) signaling or salicylic acid accumulation, respectively, based on results from ein2 and nahG plants. BIGs encode diverse regulatory and structural proteins implicated in pathogen defense and abiotic and oxidative-stress responses. Thirty BIGs encode putative DNA-binding proteins that belong to ET response, zinc-finger, MYB, WRKY, and HD-ZIP family transcription-factor proteins. Fourteen BIGs were studied in detail to determine their role in resistance to Botrytis. T-DNA insertion alleles of ZFAR1 (At2G40140), the gene encoding a putative zinc-finger protein with ankyrin-repeat domains, showed increased local susceptibility to Botrytis and sensitivity to germination in the presence of abscisic acid (ABA), supporting the role of ABA in mediating responses to Botrytis infection. In addition, two independent T-DNA insertion alleles in the WRKY70 gene showed increased susceptibility to Botrytis. The transcriptional activation of genes involved in plant hormone signaling and synthesis, removal of reactive oxygen species, and defense and abiotic-stress responses, coupled with the susceptibility of the wrky70 and zfar1 mutants, highlights the complex genetic network underlying defense responses to Botrytis in Arabidopsis.
Emerging therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis: suppression and elimination of myelin-autoreactive T-lymphocytes

(1998). Emerging therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis: suppression and elimination of myelin-autoreactive T-lymphocytes. Emerging Therapeutic Targets: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 137-156.
A questionable adamantinocarcinoma of the mandible

Abstract 1. 1. A possible adamantinocarcinoma of the mandible in a 63-year-old man is presented. 2. 2. The established theories of etiology and the controversial histopathologic pictures of these tumors are discussed. 3. 3. A plea is made for periodic roentgenographic survey of the jaws of all patients, particularly the edentulous.
Eph receptor expression defines midline boundaries for ephrin-positive migratory neurons in the enteric nervous system of Manduca sexta.

Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands participate in the control of neuronal growth and migration in a variety of contexts, but the mechanisms by which they guide neuronal motility are still incompletely understood. By using the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta as a model system, we have explored whether Manduca ephrin (MsEphrin; a GPI-linked ligand) and its Eph receptor (MsEph) might regulate the migration and outgrowth of enteric neurons. During formation of the Manduca ENS, an identified set of ∼300 neurons (EP cells) populates the enteric plexus of the midgut by migrating along a specific set of muscle bands forming on the gut, but the neurons strictly avoid adjacent interband regions. By determining the mRNA and protein expression patterns for MsEphrin and the MsEph receptor and by examining their endogenous binding patterns within the ENS, we have demonstrated that the ligand and its receptor are distributed in a complementary manner: MsEphrin is expressed exclusively by the migratory EP cells, whereas the MsEph receptor is expressed by midline interband cells that are normally inhibitory to migration. Notably, MsEphrin could be detected on the filopodial processes of the EP cells that extended up to but not across the midline cells expressing the MsEph receptor. These results suggest a model whereby MsEphrin-dependent signaling regulates the response of migrating neurons to a midline inhibitory boundary, defined by the expression of MsEph receptors in the developing ENS. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:175–191, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interplay of computer and paper-based sketching in graphic design

The purpose of this study is to investigate student designers’ attitude and choices towards the use of computers and paper sketches when involved in a graphic design process. 65 computer graphic technology undergraduates participated in this research. A mixed method study with survey and in-depth interviews was applied to answer the research questions. This result shows that sketches and computers as design tools help students generate ideas in the early stage of design. Students’ preferences to use sketches or computers differ, since each tool has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Phase inversion sulfonated polysulfone membranes

Abstract The use of two nonsolvents serving as a cosolvent system, replacing the traditional volatile solvent plus less volatile nonsolvent system, in the formation of asymmetric phase inversion membranes was investigated. Specifically, asymmetric membranes of sulfonated polysulfone were cast from a cosolvent system consisting of tetrahydrofuran and formamide. The nonsolvents and the proportions in which they are mixed to produce the cosolvent system, as well as the gelation medium isopropyl alcohol, were selected based on the three-component solubility parameter concept of Hansen. The structure of each membrane was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy; the performance was evaluated for use in pressure-driven membrane separation processes. The membranes were found to be dependent on the composition of the original casting solution and the composition of the nascent membrane at the instant of gelation. These ideas are clearly represented through the use of a triangular polymer solubility diagram.
Hemorrhage-induced hepatic injury and hypoperfusion can be prevented by direct peritoneal resuscitation.

Background Crystalloid fluid resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock (HS) that restores/maintains central hemodynamics often culminates in multi-system organ failure and death due to persistent/progressive splanchnic hypoperfusion and end-organ damage. Adjunctive direct peritoneal resuscitation (DPR) using peritoneal dialysis solution reverses HS-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion and improves survival. We examined HS-mediated hepatic perfusion (galactose clearance), tissue injury (histopathology), and dysfunction (liver enzymes).
An ISO-Energy-Efficient Approach to Scalable System Power-Performance Optimization

The power consumption of a large scale system ultimately limits its performance. Consuming less energy while preserving performance leads to better system utilization at scale. The is o-energy-efficiency model was proposed as a metric and methodology for explaining power and performance efficiency on scalable systems. For use in practice, we need to determine what parameters should be modified to maintain a desired efficiency. Unfortunately, without extension, the iso-energy-efficiency model cannot be used for this purpose. In this paper we extend the iso-energy-efficiency model to identify appropriate efficiency values for workload and power scaling on clusters. We propose the use of "correlation functions" to quantitatively explain the isolated and interacting effects of these two parameters for three representative applications: LINPACK, row-oriented matrix multiplication, and 3D Fourier transform. We show quantitatively that the iso-energy-efficiency model with correlation functions is effective at maintaining efficiency as system size scales.
Laparoscopic total colectomy with transvaginal extraction of the colon and ileorectal anastomosis.

The abdominal incision extraction site continues to be major source of morbidity after laparoscopic colectomy: mainly, incisional pain, wound infection, and incisional hernia. Also, in selected cases, it may delay initiating chemotherapy. The video describes the technique of performing laparoscopic total colectomy, transvaginal removal of the entire colon, and intracorporeal ileorectal anastomosis in a 40-year-old woman with a sigmoid cancer and multiple endoscopically unresectable polyps throughout the colon. Computed tomography scan showed 2 liver lesions with carcinoembryonic antigen 138. Familial adenomatous polyposis gene analysis was negative. Six trocars (one 12 mm and five 5 mm) were used. The whole colon was removed through the transvaginal route. The anvil was introduced through the vagina, and circular stapled ileorectal anastomosis was done. There were no intraoperative complications. The operating time was 210 min. Blood loss was 20 mL. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 2. Final pathology was T3N1bM1, and 2 of 23 lymph nodes were metastatic. All polyps were tubulovillous. She was commenced on chemotherapy 2 weeks after surgery. At 6-month follow-up, the patient was doing well, had no abdominal pain, and had no vaginal discharge or dyspareunia. Natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) surgery can be added to the armamentarium of surgeons performing laparoscopic colon surgery. This technique may provide both an attractive way to reduce abdominal incision–related morbidity and a bridge to pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) colon surgery. Large-number patient data with long-term follow-up is needed.
Elements of the Art of Practice in Mental Health

OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explored elements of artful practice of therapists practicing in mental health treatment settings. METHOD In-depth interviews were conducted with three occupational therapists practicing in mental health who were considered exemplars of artful practice. Themes pertaining to their perspectives and approaches to practice were synthesized from interview data. RESULTS The prevailing themes--therapeutic work as a vehicle for healing, collaborative guidance, and the Zen of therapy--are seen as elements forged by the therapist's compassion and unique personal style into a dynamic therapist-client interplay that creates a space for growth and healing to occur. Results affirmed the view of the art of practice in mental health as an intricate interplay of personal traits, interpersonal skills, and skilled use of meaningful activities within the context of a client's environment. CONCLUSION The art of practice is a fluid, experiential process that takes place on a developmental continuum. The therapist's inner awareness of the subtlety of a multilayered healing process is an important basis of artful practice. One's practice art can be informed by knowledge of specific elements that contribute to artful practice and can be developed through education, self-reflection, personal growth, and the maturation process.
Do surf zones in New Jersey provide "nursery" habitat for southern fishes?

The fishes of the energetic surf zone of exposed ocean beaches are poorly known, especially along the U.S. east coast. We investigated the role that surf zones in southern New Jersey have as habitat by describing the young-of-the-year fishes caught by seines within the surf zone from May through October in 1998, 1999, 2005 and 2006. In addition, we investigated the nursery role of these surf zones by examining abundance, growth, and inferred survival during the summer for the dominant locally (New Jersey) and southern (south of Cape Hatteras) spawned species. At least three southern species, i.e. bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix (Cohort I), white mullet Mugil curema, and Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus successfully use New Jersey surf zones as nurseries during the summer. It is clear that bluefish (Cohort I) contributes to the adult population and it is likely for the other southern species. Ultimately, the nursery contribution of surf zones and other habitats at the northern limits of the range of southern species depends on whether surviving juveniles can successfully emigrate to overwinter habitats and complete their life history.
Structure and Function of Several Anti-Dansyl Chimeric Antibodies Formed by Domain Interchanges between Human IgM and Mouse IgG2b

Two pairs of chimeric, domain-switched immunoglobulins with identical murine, anti-dansyl (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) variable domains have been generated, employing as parent antibodies a human IgM and a mouse IgG2b. The first pair of chimeric antibodies μμγμ and γγμγ was generated by switching the Cμ3 and Cγ2 domains between IgM and IgG2b. The second pair of chimeras μμγγ and γγμμ were formed by switching both Cμ3 and Cμ4 with Cγ2 and Cγ3. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation showed that over half (57 and 71%) of the two chimeric antibodies possessing the Cμ4 domain and tail piece formed disulfide-linked IgM-like polymers. In contrast, the two chimeric antibodies lacking the Cμ4 domain were almost entirely monomeric. Both monomeric chimeras had reduced ability to activate complement. The chimera γγμγ had no activity under any of the assay conditions, whereas μμγγ caused only a small amount of cell lysis but was fully active in consuming complement at 4°C. The polymeric chimera γγμμ was much less active than IgM, bound C1 weakly and caused some cell lysis but consumed little complement with soluble antigen. The polymeric chimera μμγμ bound C1strongly and was the most active antibody in all assays, even more active than the parental IgG2b and IgM antibodies; it was the only antibody that exhibited antigen-independent activity. The results suggest that Cμ3 alone does not constitute the complement binding site in IgM but requires both Cμ1-2and Cμ4for full activity.
Uptake and elimination of perchlorate in eastern mosquitofish

The purpose of this study was to investigate the uptake and elimination of perchlorate in eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). Fish were exposed to 0.1-1000 mg/l sodium perchlorate for 12h, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 30 days, and perchlorate was determined in whole body extracts. Perchlorate was not detected in mosquitofish exposed to the low concentrations of perchlorate (0, 0.1, and 1mg/l sodium perchlorate), regardless of the exposure time, whereas it was detected when fish were exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 mg/l. The tissue concentrations were approximately 10 times less than that in the water. There was no difference in the uptake of perchlorate depending upon the exposure time, however, a difference in perchlorate uptake depending upon the concentration of the exposure dose (P<0.001) was observed. Uptake (K(u)) and elimination (K(e)) rate constants were 0.09 l/mg day and 0.70 day(-1), respectively. The half-life (T1/2) of perchlorate was 0.99 day. Thus, it appears that perchlorate is rapidly taken up and eliminated in eastern mosquitofish. These results are critical and may be used to develop models of fate, effects, and transport of perchlorate in natural systems, as well as to assess ecological risk in affected ecosystems.