cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic-Tectonic Relations in Spain's Cantabrian Mountains: Fan Delta Meets Carbonate Shelf

ABSTRACT Stratigraphic patterns indicate that the Hercynian orogenic belt of northwestern Spain underwent an important reorganization in the latest Carboniferous Period. The passive margin of the Cantabrian foreland basin, initially far removed from southwestern mountains, was the early site of a major carbonate platform. This distant margin, however, experienced a late phase of deformation directed from the north. Limestones of the passive platform then became the thrust-faulted source area for three successive fan deltas, which prograded across the remaining carbonate shelf. The fan deltas are comprised of conglomerates and coarse sandstones of several areally restricted Upper Carboniferous formations. Their distribution identifies a local subbasin in the Picos de Europa Province, and paleocurrent data confirm a new northern source of sediment. These coarse-grained deposits are interpreted to have formed in direct response to tectonic uplift along a nearby thrust-fault system. The stratigraphic succession spans a 7 Ma interval from latest Moscovian to Late Kasimovian time and defines three separate tectonic episodes: late Myachkovskian (304 Ma), early Chamovnicheskian (300 Ma), and early Dorogomilovskian (298 Ma). Rather than advancing basinward, though, the fan deltas shifted laterally during this period. They become younger in an eastward direction, that is, parallel to the structural grain. The underlying subregional unconformity, likewise related to thrust faulting, also becomes younger to the east. The thrust-fault system apparently propagated laterally by means of three consecutive tectonic episodes, which led in turn to the sideward displacement of sediment source area and fan-delta depocenter.
Different Requirements for Wnt Signaling in Tongue Myogenic Subpopulations

The tongue is a muscular organ that is essential in vertebrates for important functions, such as food intake and communication. Little is known about regulation of myogenic progenitors during tongue development when compared with the limb or trunk region. In this study, we investigated the relationship between different myogenic subpopulations and the function of canonical Wnt signaling in regulating these subpopulations. We found that Myf5- and MyoD-expressing myogenic subpopulations exist during embryonic tongue myogenesis. In the Myf5-expressing myogenic progenitors, there is a cell-autonomous requirement for canonical Wnt signaling for cell migration and differentiation. In contrast, the MyoD-expressing subpopulation does not require canonical Wnt signaling during tongue myogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that canonical Wnt signaling differentially regulates the Myf5- and MyoD-expressing subpopulations during tongue myogenesis.
Young Children’s Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Towards a Developmental Risk and Resilience Framework for Research and Intervention

This article employs a developmental risk and resilience framework to examine the impact of exposure to intimate partner violence on young children, particularly those facing economic hardship. In doing so, it reviews and weaves together two separate literatures, one on emotional and behavioral development in high-risk settings and the other on children exposed to adult domestic violence. The article ends by pointing to the need for further research and the promise that early interventions hold for helping children who are exposed to intimate partner violence and living in poverty.
Examination of predictors of severe violence in combat-exposed Vietnam veterans

This study examined several proposed predictors of severe wartime violence in a randomly selected, nationally representative sample of 1,125 Vietnam veterans. Participation in severe acts of violence during wartime was reported by 7.6% of the sample. Disruptive behavior before the age of 15 and increased combat exposure were both significant predictors of severe wartime violence. Childhood contextual factors were indirectly related to severe wartime violence via prewar disruptive behavior. The classification rate of perpetrators of severe violence was comparable to rates from studies of less severe forms of violence. The implications of these results and suggestions for future research in this area are discussed.
Integrated genetic map and genetic analysis of a region associated with root traits on the short arm of rye chromosome 1 in bread wheat.

A rye–wheat centric chromosome translocation 1RS.1BL has been widely used in wheat breeding programs around the world. Increased yield of translocation lines was probably a consequence of increased root biomass. In an effort to map loci-controlling root characteristics, homoeologous recombinants of 1RS with 1BS were used to generate a consensus genetic map comprised of 20 phenotypic and molecular markers, with an average spacing of 2.5 cM. Physically, all recombination events were located in the distal 40% of the arms. A total of 68 recombinants was used and recombination breakpoints were aligned and ordered over map intervals with all the markers, integrated together in a genetic map. This approach enabled dissection of genetic components of quantitative traits, such as root traits, present on 1S. To validate our hypothesis, phenotyping of 45-day-old wheat roots was performed in five lines including three recombinants representative of the entire short arm along with bread wheat parents ‘Pavon 76’ and Pavon 1RS.1BL. Individual root characteristics were ranked and the genotypic rank sums were subjected to Quade analysis to compare the overall rooting ability of the genotypes. It appears that the terminal 15% of the rye 1RS arm carries gene(s) for greater rooting ability in wheat.
Towards building a collection of web archiving research articles

Presentation for the 2014 International Internet Preservation Consortium (IIPC) General Assembly. This presentation discusses building a collection of web archiving research articles.
Shopping for Old and New Wine: A Response

With this rejoinder, we address some of the concerns and questions raised by Ridley and Mollen (2012) and Hill (2012). Specially, we reflect upon Ridley and Mollen’s commentary about whether the three theories in this major contribution can be deemed emergent or whether they are simply old thought in new packages. We also address Hill’s question regarding the theories chosen and her concerns about why so few counseling psychologists are involved in creating theories. Finally, in response to these thoughtful commentaries, we also briefly discuss our views on theory building and scientific development in the field of counseling psychology.
Barrier elision for production parallel programs

Large scientific code bases are often composed of several layers of runtime libraries, implemented in multiple programming languages. In such situation, programmers often choose conservative synchronization patterns leading to suboptimal performance. In this paper, we present context-sensitive dynamic optimizations that elide barriers redundant during the program execution. In our technique, we perform data race detection alongside the program to identify redundant barriers in their calling contexts; after an initial learning, we start eliding all future instances of barriers occurring in the same calling context. We present an automatic on-the-fly optimization and a multi-pass guided optimization. We apply our techniques to NWChem--a 6 million line computational chemistry code written in C/C++/Fortran that uses several runtime libraries such as Global Arrays, ComEx, DMAPP, and MPI. Our technique elides a surprisingly high fraction of barriers (as many as 63%) in production runs. This redundancy elimination translates to application speedups as high as 14% on 2048 cores. Our techniques also provided valuable insight about the application behavior, later used by NWChem developers. Overall, we demonstrate the value of holistic context-sensitive analyses that consider the domain science in conjunction with the associated runtime software stack.
Selective Medium for the Isolation of Prototheca

A medium was devised which permitted the selective isolation of Prototheca spp. from nature.
Maximizing GVL in allogeneic transplantation: role of donor lymphocyte infusions

Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) can induce complete and durable remissions in some patients with hematologic malignancies who have relapsed after allogeneic transplantation, providing definitive evidence of a GVL effect. Despite the great promise initially envisioned for DLI as a method to augment GVL after transplantation, it utility is limited by low response rates in diseases other than chronic myelogenous leukemia and by the development of GVHD, the principal complication of DLI. To maximize GVL potency while minimizing toxicity, cellular effectors active in GVL need to be elucidated. Insight into mechanisms of GVL, such as reversal of in situ T-cell exhaustion, may allow identification of patients who will respond to DLI based on the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the BM. Understanding the clinical factors that influence the effectiveness and abrogate the toxicity of DLI, such as cell dose and timing of DLI after transplantation, will allow further optimization of DLI. This chapter reviews novel strategies that maximize the GVL effect of DLI by enhancing activity while limiting toxicity.
Evidence of reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to mitochondrial DNA in children with typical autism

Background: The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is particularly susceptible to damage mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although elevated ROS production and elevated biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found in tissues from children with autism spectrum disorders, evidence for damage to mtDNA is lacking. Findings: mtDNA deletions were evaluated in peripheral blood monocytic cells (PBMC) isolated from 2–5 year old children with full autism (AU; n = 67), and typically developing children (TD; n = 46) and their parents enrolled in the CHildhood Autism Risk from Genes and Environment study (CHARGE) at University of California Davis. Sequence variants were evaluated in mtDNA segments from AU and TD children (n = 10; each) and their mothers representing 31.2% coverage of the entire human mitochondrial genome. Increased mtDNA damage in AU children was evidenced by (i) higher frequency of mtDNA deletions (2-fold), (ii) higher number of GC→AT transitions (2.4-fold), being GC preferred sites for oxidative damage, and (iii) higher frequency of G,C,T→A transitions (1.6-fold) suggesting a higher incidence of polymerase gamma incorporating mainly A at bypassed apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, probably originated from oxidative stress. The last two outcomes were identical to their mothers suggesting the inheritance of a template consistent with increased oxidative damage, whereas the frequency of mtDNA deletions in AU children was similar to that of their fathers. Conclusions: These results suggest that a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors, taking place during perinatal periods, results in a mtDNA template in children with autism similar to that expected for older individuals.
Cost - Effectiveness Analysis, Extended Dominance, and Ethics A Quantitative Assessment

The principle of extended dominance is applied in incremental cost-effectiveness analysis to eliminate from consideration strategies whose costs and benefits are improved by a mixed strategy of two other alternatives. Ethical considerations arise, however, in that equal care is not provided to all of the population. To explore these concerns, the authors establish a theoretical health care example with three diagnostic strategies. They demonstrate, both algebraically and geometrically, how to calculate the set of all possible mixed strategies that dominate the strategy eliminated by extended dominance. With the consideration of budget constraints, they define the "coefficient of inequity" as the minimum proportion of the population that would receive an inferior health care strategy if a mixed strategy were to be used instead of the dominated strategy. The implications of cost-effectiveness analysis are made explicit, revealing classic economic concerns about the tradeoff of equity and efficiency.
Matrix-Mineral Relationships-A. Morphologist's Viewpoint

The literature on the ultrastructural morphology of the enamel matrix and its relationship to the crystals is reviewed. Two morphological entities of the matrix are discussed: One is the so-called stippled material which may be the initial cell product; the other, variously described as fibrillar, lamellar, tubular or helical, is thought by many to play a crucial role in nucleation and orientation of the crystals. A number of observations, however, suggest that the latter structures form secondarily to the crystals and that in reality they represent organic material adsorbed to the crystal surface and maintained as independent structures upon removal of the mineral. The need for additional studies is stressed including systematic studies of interactions between constituents of the organic matrix and the apatite crystals.
Ground‐Penetrating Radar Velocity Determination and Precision Estimates Using Common‐Midpoint (CMP) Collection with Hand‐Picking, Semblance Analysis and Cross‐Correlation Analysis: A Case Study and Tutorial for Archaeologists

The most crucial parameter to be determined in an archaeological ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey is the velocity of the subsurface material. Precision velocity estimates comprise the basis for depth estimation, topographic correction and migration, and can therefore be the difference between spurious interpretations and/or efficient GPR-guided excavation with sound archaeological interpretation of the GPR results. Here, we examine the options available for determining the GPR velocity and for assessing the precision of velocity estimates from GPR data, using data collected at a small-scale iron-working site in Rhode Island, United States. In the case study, the initial velocity analysis of common-offset GPR profile data, using the popular method of hyperbola fitting, produced some unexpectedly high subsurface signal velocity estimates, while analysis of common midpoint (CMP) GPR data yielded a more reasonable subsurface signal velocity estimate. Several reflection analysis procedures for CMP data, including hand and automated signal picking using cross-correlation and semblance analysis, are used and discussed here in terms of efficiency of processing and yielded results. The case study demonstrates that CMP data may offer more accurate and precise velocity estimates than hyperbola fitting under certain field conditions, and that semblance analysis, though faster than hand-picking or cross-correlation, offers less precision.
Enkephalin Disinhibits Mu Opioid Receptor-Rich Striatal Patches via Delta Opioid Receptors

Opioid neuropeptides and their receptors are evolutionarily conserved neuromodulatory systems that profoundly influence behavior. In dorsal striatum, which expresses the endogenous opioid enkephalin, patches (or striosomes) are limbic-associated subcompartments enriched in mu opioid receptors. The functional implications of opioid signaling in dorsal striatum and the circuit elements in patches regulated by enkephalin are unclear. Here, we examined how patch output is modulated by enkephalin and identified the underlying circuit mechanisms. We found that patches are relatively devoid of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and exist as self-contained inhibitory microcircuits. Enkephalin suppresses inhibition onto striatal projection neurons selectively in patches, thereby disinhibiting their firing in response to cortical input. The majority of this neuromodulation is mediated by delta, not mu-opioid, receptors, acting specifically on intra-striatal collateral axons of striatopallidal neurons. These results suggest that enkephalin gates limbic information flow in dorsal striatum, acting via a patch-specific function for delta opioid receptors.
The roles of various fractions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in its pathogenesis.

nated, and infections caused by this organism are difficult to eradicate. In spite of its importance as a human pathogen, both by its frequency of appearance and the severity of pathological process that can be produced, the mechanisms by which the organisms generate the disease process are very little understood. Since the organism is a Gram-negative bacillus, it may be speculated that the so-called endotoxin which is possessed by this type of bacteria may be responsible for its pathogenesis. However, as already pointed out by Elrod and Braun (1941), the bacterial cell of P. aeruginosa is relatively nontoxic and administration of a large number of dead cells does not result in
Monotone multi-armed bandit allocations.

We present a novel angle for multi-armed bandits (henceforth abbreviated MAB) which follows from the recent work on MAB mechanisms (Babaioff et al., 2009; Devanur and Kakade, 2009; Babaioff et al., 2010). The new problem is, essentially, about designing MAB algorithms under an additional constraint motivated by their application to MAB mechanisms. This note is self-contained, although some familiarity with MAB is assumed; we refer the reader to Cesa-Bianchi and Lugosi (2006) for more background.
Outcomes In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients Diagnosed with Myeloid Sarcoma with and without Bone Marrow Involvement

Abstract Abstract 2165 Background: Few AML studies report data on AML patients (pts) with extramedullary hematopoiesis. While AML pts diagnosed with an isolated myeloid sarcoma (MS) purportedly have a better outcome than those with AML without MS, it is unknown whether these outcomes differed for pts diagnosed with MS with or without bone marrow involvement compared to AML without MS. We compared these groups, and also evaluated whether or not the diagnosis of MS increased the rate of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), due to greater tumor volume. Methods: We reviewed all AML pts newly diagnosed between 1994 and 2009 and treated with a cytarabine-based induction regimen. Pts with a diagnosis of MS with BM involvement (≥5% blasts) or without BM involvement ( Results: Of the 477 AML pts treated with a cytarabine-based induction regimen, 19 (4%) had MS, either with (n=12, 2.5%) or without (n=7, 1.5%) BM involvement. The mean age (+/−SD) of the entire cohort was 57.5 (14.5) years, and 58 years (24-80) for MS pts; within the entire cohort, 47% were female, 64% had de novo AML, mean WBC was 31k/ml, and 52% had good/intermediate risk cytogenetics, while for MS pts, 32% were female, 74% had de novo AML, mean WBC was 31k/ml, and 74% had good/intermediate cytogenetics. Comparing all MS cases to matched controls, baseline characteristics were similar, as expected. Outcomes were similar for the pooled case and control groups for CR rates (63.2% vs. 65.7%, p=.85) and median OS (0.7 vs. 0.8 years, p=.95). Incidence of tumor lysis syndrome was low in both groups (case 5%, control 3%, p=1.0). Focusing on comparing MS with BM involvement to matched controls, outcomes remained similar for CR rates (58% vs. 71%, p=.44), OS (.53 vs. 1.12 years, p=.4), and TLS (8% vs. 5%, p=1.0), both in univariate and regression analyses. Comparing MS pts without BM involvement to controls, however, CR rates were higher for MS patients (71% vs. 57%, OR 15.5, p=.15), as was median OS (1.14 vs. .64 years, HR .15, p=.027) in univariate and regression analyses. There were no cases of tumor lysis syndrome in either group. Conclusions: AML pts diagnosed with MS without BM involvement and treated with cytarabine-based induction regimen have a superior overall survival to patients with usual presentation of AML treated with a similar regimen. There was no difference in outcome for AML pts with MS with BM involvement, compared to AML pts without MS. Patients with MS were not at significantly higher risk of TLS. Cox model survival curve MS without BM involvement=dotted line AML=continuous line HR=.15, p=.027 Download : Download high-res image (82KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A dying vibration

Conrad's jarring juxtapositions of sound and silence in Heart of Darkness emphasize the epistemological and ontological concerns of a narrative the stands at the threshold of the modern information age, in which the sounds of the world are being rapidly reorganized into an electroacoustical coding and decoding of information that collapses traditional notions of the communicative availability of the aural. While not as immediately engaging as the novel's fraught visual imagery, the soundscape of Heart of Darkness shapes Marlow's – and the reader's – understanding of his African journey.
Abstract A36: Function of GPR56 in metastasis dormancy of melanoma

Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; November 30-December 3, 2015; Austin, TX Dormancy imposes significant challenges for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We use pairs of metastatic melanoma cell lines that have different abilities to form metastases to investigate the molecular mechanisms of metastatic dormancy. We found that a novel receptor, GPR56, was down-regulated in highly metastatic melanoma cells compared with the poorly metastatic parental line. Re-expression of GPR56 in five different melanoma cell lines resulted in inhibition of metastasis formation in mouse lung. RNAseq analyses revealed that GPR56 might regulate the expression of genes involved in cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, our preliminary data show that GPR56 internalizes and degrades its ligand, TG2 from cell surface. TG2 is an ECM protein and functions to stabilize ECM and facilitate its signaling. The loss of TG2 resulting from GPR56 expression would disrupt ECM deposition and signaling in melanomas, ultimately leading to disturbance of cellular homeostasis of melanoma cells and their growth arrest. Taken together, we propose a model in which the novel receptor GPR56 sequesters metastatic melanomas at dormant states by down-regulating TG2 from cell surface and modulating cellular homeostasis. Citation Format: Nancy Corson, Michelle Warren, Lei Xu. Function of GPR56 in metastasis dormancy of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A36.
Recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis in the setting of fucosidosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder

Fucosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase. We present the case of an affected female in the second decade of life with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) including recalcitrant polypoid inflammation, which has not been previously reported in the literature. With the advancement of life-prolonging measures, children with lysosomal storage disorders may suffer increasingly from CRS due to the lymphohistiocytic and macrophage infiltrate of the paranasal sinus mucosa that resembles severe polypoid inflammation.
A Case Study Assessing the Effects of Cyber Attacks on a River Zonal Dispatcher

A river zonal dispatcher is a system that sends collected environmental data to a national dispatcher and sends warnings in case of danger (such as flooding of river basins). If the system fails to function normally, warnings may cease, putting lives and property in serious peril. We have examined the security of a river zonal dispatcher using the ADVISE modeling formalism in the Mobius modeling tool. This work both illustrates the usefulness of ADVISE in choosing among alternative approaches to system security and provides a quantitative evaluation of the dispatcher itself. In doing so, it shows whether intrusion detection systems (IDSes) make a difference in the behavior of an adversary, and which path of attack is most attractive to particular types of adversaries.
An Examination of Blood Cell Membrane Potential as a Diagnostic Test of Attention Deficit Disorder in Children.

Objective: To reexamine previous findings that reported that blood cells’ membrane potential ratios (MPRs™) differ between youth with ADHD and controls and to determine whether psychostimulants aff...
Neurotoxins and their Neurotoxicology

Many chemicals produce neurotoxicity by acting directly on nerve cells, and others may interfere with metabolic processes on which the nervous system depends. Naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals and drugs, drugs of abuse, pesticides, occupational chemicals, and food contaminants can also induce neurotoxicity and cause human neurological diseases. Each year millions of people are exposed to neurotoxicants. Many epidemics of neurotoxic diseases have occurred throughout the world, including the United States. Ataxia and blindness caused by mercury contamination in Japan, fungicide-treated grain in Iraq; neuropathy caused by tri-o-cresylphosphate (TOCP) in Morocco; toxic oil syndrome in Spain; and tremors and motor disturbances caused by the pesticide Kepone in the United States are some of the examples of human neurotoxic diseases.
The Foot and Ankle: Congenital and Developmental Conditions

The radiographic evaluation of congenital and developmental abnormalities of the foot and ankle provides critical information to guide orthopedic treatment. This chapter begins by discussing the anatomy and normal variants of the ankle. Congenital and developmental abnormalities of the ankle are explored, including ball-and-socket ankle. The development and normal variants of the pediatric foot are then discussed. After describing radiographic techniques for imaging the foot, the chapter presents methods to evaluate and vocabulary to describe foot alignment. This is then applied to a broad spectrum of structural deformities of the foot, including clubfoot, cavus deformity, and multiple types of flatfoot (including tarsal coalition). A discussion of forefoot alignment follows, and the chapter concludes with a brief discussion of congenital foot malformations.
Network Based on the Joint Probability Distribution of Random Variables

The chapter describes approaches for defining networks based on modeling the joint distribution between a set of random variables. Since it is notoriously difficult to estimate the joint probability function, simplifying assumptions are often made, e.g., multivariate normality. The joint probability distribution can be parameterized using structural equation models, Bayesian network models, or a partitioning function approach. The Kullback–Leibler divergence, which is closely related to the mutual information, can be used to measure the difference between an observed probability distribution and a model-based probability distribution. By minimizing the KL divergence, one can estimate parameter values. This chapter is rather theoretical and requires some background in calculus and probability theory.
Professional and Personal Reflections on a Mixed Methods Journey

In this narrative, I reflect upon the process of becoming a mixed methods researcher within the field of music education. As a quantitatively trained researcher who encountered qualitative research within doctoral work and saw a natural complementarity between both paradigms, I share my journey towards negotiating compatibility of multiple frameworks, complexity and clarity of design, and acceptance of mixed methods work within our broader profession. To conclude the narrative, I offer my thoughts on the future of mixed methods research in music education, including both challenges and promises afforded by such designs.
Atypical Flowers Can Be as Profitable as Typical Hummingbird Flowers

In western North America, hummingbirds can be observed systematically visiting flowers that lack the typical reddish color, tubular morphology, and dilute nectar of "hummingbird flowers." Curious about this behavior, we asked whether these atypical flowers are energetically profitable for hummingbirds. Our field measurements of nectar content and hummingbird foraging speeds, taken over four decades at multiple localities, show that atypical flowers can be as profitable as typical ones and suggest that the profit can support 24-h metabolic requirements of the birds. Thus, atypical flowers may contribute to successful migration of hummingbirds, enhance their population densities, and allow them to occupy areas seemingly depauperate in suitable resources. These results illustrate what can be gained by attending to the unexpected.
Metabolically engineered anthocyanin-producing lime provides additional nutritional value and antioxidant potential to juice

Anthocyanins are synthesized via the flavonoid pathway through a complex expression of several genes such as MYB transcription factors. Anthocyanins protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. Herein, we studied the effect of expression of MYB (VvmybA1 cloned from the red grape and Ruby cloned from ‘Moro’ blood orange) transcription factors in “Mexican” lime on juice quality and leaf pigments, leaf metabolites, and phytohormones. Anthocyanins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamates were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, whereas chlorophylls, carotenoids, and xanthophylls were analyzed using HPLC coupled with photodiode array detector (PDA). The rest of metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Overexpression of VvmybA1 and Ruby resulted in accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves, flowers, and fruits of the transgenic plants. However, the level of anthocyanins in Ruby plants was significantly lower than that in VvmybA1 plants. The level of anthocyanins and the gene expression of VvmybA1 and Ruby in young leaves were higher than mature leaves. On the other hand, the level of several furanocoumarins, and hydroxycinnamates decreased in mature VvmybA1 leaves, indicating a drainage of p-coumaric acid due to the induction of anthocyanins biosynthesis. The level of chlorophyll decreased in mature VvmybA1 leaves, whereas zeaxanthin level increased, indicated a photoprotection role for anthocyanins. Most of polar and volatile metabolites also decreased VvmybA1 leaves, indicating a decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency. Benzoic acid and salicylic acid increased, whereas auxins decreased. The level of abscisic acid was not affected by the overexpression of VvmybA1 and the plants showed normal growth and development. Overexpression of VvmybA1 highly increased the antioxidant activity of the transgenic juice and leaves, whereas overexpression of Ruby showed only a slight increase. The pH, °Brix value, and TA of the transgenic juice were not affected by the expression of VvmybA1 or Ruby.
The Anterior Approach for Transfer of Radial Nerve Triceps Fascicles to the Axillary Nerve.

Nerve transfers are an increasingly popular method for surgical treatment of nerve injuries. One of the most popular of these is the transfer of radial nerve triceps fascicles to the axillary nerve. The most common approach for this transfer is the posterior approach, which gives excellent access to both nerves but is not easy to combine with other nerve transfers. We describe here an alternative, the anterior approach, that offers safe access to both radial and axillary nerves and has the added advantage of compatibility with approaches for other common nerve transfers.
Fuel dynamics after reintroduced fire in an old-growth Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest

Surface fuel loadings are some of the most important factors contributing to fire intensity and fire spread. In old-growth forests where fire has been long excluded, surface fuel loadings can be high and can include woody debris ≥100 cm in diameter. We assessed surface fuel loadings in a long-unburned old-growth mixed-conifer forest in Yosemite National Park, California, USA, and assessed fuel consumption from a management-ignited fire set to control the progression of the 2013 Rim Fire. Specifically, we characterized the distribution and heterogeneity of pre-fire fuel loadings, both along transects and contained in duff mounds around large trees. We compared surface fuel consumption to that predicted by the standard First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) based on pre-fire fuel loadings and fuel moistures. We also assessed the relationship between tree basal area—calculated for two different spatial neighborhood scales—and pre-fire fuel loadings. Pre-fire total surface fuel loading averaged 192 Mg ha−1 and was reduced by 79% by the fire to 41 Mg ha−1 immediately after fire. Most fuel components were reduced by 87% to 90% by the fire, with the exception of coarse woody debris (CWD), which was reduced by 60%. Litter depth in duff mounds were within 1 SD of plot means, but duff biomass for the largest trees (>150 cm diameter at breast height [DBH]) exceeded plot background levels. Overstory basal area generally had significant positive relationships with pre-fire fuel loadings of litter, duff, 1-hour, and 10-hour fuels, but the strength of the relationships differed between overstory components (live, dead, all [live and dead], species), and negative relationships were observed between live Pinus lambertiana Douglas basal area and CWD. FOFEM over-predicted rotten CWD consumption and under-predicted duff consumption. Surface fuel loadings were characterized by heterogeneity and the presence of large pieces. This heterogeneity likely contributed to differential fire behavior at small scales and heterogeneity in the post-fire environment. The reductions in fuel loadings at our research site were in line with ecological restoration objectives; thus, ecologically restorative burning during fire suppression is possible.
The PTC and Boston Children's Hospital Collaborative AR Experience for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Minimally verbal children with Autism Spectrum Disorder often face challenges in the areas of language, communication, and organization. Augmented Reality (AR) may provide a valuable technique to enhance language learning as well as navigating tasks and activities. The “AR experience,” developed by PTC Inc with Boston Children’s Hospital, was a collaborative effort to provide a working tool for use in studies regarding the effectiveness of AR as a teaching tool for minimally verbal children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The purpose of this paper is to describe (a) the development of the application using the “Design Thinking Process,” (b) describe the features of the resulting AR experience, and (c) present initial evaluation results.
Database of free solution mobilities for 276 metabolites.

Abstract Although databases are available that provide mass spectra and chromatographic retention information for small-molecule metabolites, no publicly available database provides electrophoretic mobility for common metabolites. As a result, most compounds found in electrophoretic-based metabolic studies are unidentified and simply annotated as “features”. To begin to address this issue, we analyzed 460 metabolites from a commercial library using capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry. To speed analysis, a sequential injection method was used wherein six compounds were analyzed per run. An uncoated fused silica capillary was used for the analysis at 20 °C with a 0.5% (v/v) formic acid and 5% (v/v) methanol background electrolyte. A Prince autosampler was used for sample injection and the capillary was coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer using an electrokinetically-pumped nanospray interface. We generated mobility values for 276 metabolites from the library (60% success rate) with an average standard deviation of 0.01 × 10−8 m2V−1s−1. As expected, cationic and anionic compounds were well resolved from neutral compounds. Neutral compounds co-migrated with electro-osmotic flow. Most of the compounds that were not detected were neutral and presumably suffered from adsorption to the capillary wall or poor ionization efficiency.
Mahadev’s Gift: Men, Bullocks and the Community of Cultivation in Central India

In October 2016, protests erupted across southern India opposing a Supreme Court judgement banning an annual agricultural festival featuring jousts between men and bulls. The Court ruled the contes...
Characterization of Work Settings in Which Biosafety Professionals Conduct Operations: Results from the First Survey of the Biosafety Analytics Initiative Survey Series

Introduction: With the endorsement and support of the ABSA International Council and the Prevention, Preparedness and Response (P2R) Academy of The University of Texas Health Science Center at Hous...
Microstructural characterization of cold-worked 316 stainless steel flux thimble tubes irradiated up to 100 dpa in a commercial Pressurized Water Reactor

Abstract Two flux thimble tubes (FTTs) made of 15% cold-worked 316 stainless steel (SS) were harvested from Ringhals Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Unit 2, with peak damages of 76 and 100 displacements per atom (dpa) after 29 and 34 years’ service, respectively. Specimens sectioned from parent tubes were comprehensively characterized with nominal damage levels of ∼0, ∼41, ∼74, 76, and 100 dpa at a nominal temperature range of 285–323 °C. Both FTTs contained helium and hydrogen gases as transmutation products. The helium follows a production rate of ∼9.8 appm/dpa, while environmental factors complicate hydrogen production obscuring an exact H/dpa ratio. Irradiation-induced dislocation loops, nano-cavities, solute clusters, and microsegregation were all observed. The dislocation loops and nano-cavities indicated saturation at 41 dpa. The solute clusters continued to evolve with Ni–Si clusters formed at 41 dpa, and Ni–Si–Mn–P clusters formed at 74 and 100 dpa, but neither clusters exhibited distinct diffraction patterns at any damage levels. Solute clusters were observed to frequently be co-located with dislocation loops, but fully decorated loops were rarely detected. Significant radiation-induced segregation (RIS) was observed around grain boundaries at all damage levels. The modified inverse Kirkendall (MIK) model captured the RIS behavior of major elements. Large cavities within or around an Mn–S rich region were observed for the first time. Through all the damage levels, void swelling is always below 0.05%, making significant dimensional change unlikely in core internals when used at similar conditions. Meanwhile, the role of overwhelming nanocavities, presumably helium bubbles, should be considered in other potential degradation mechanisms, including irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking, embrittlement, and loss of fracture toughness, which remain the concerns for extended operation of nuclear power plants.
Bidding on new audit clients: Avoiding the winner’s curse

Abstract GE’s recent announcement that it was placing its 2020 audit out for tender has shone a spotlight on the audit bidding process and the possibility that auditors could fall prey to a phenomenon known as the winner’s curse when bidding on new clients. In this article, we begin by describing the winner’s curse utilizing an example that highlights how its primary features influence the likelihood of bidder’s experiencing it. Then, we discuss how the winner’s curse uniquely applies to the audit bidding process and develop a descriptive table through which to analyze key differences between these settings. Last, we overlay the winner’s curse onto the various cost considerations firms assess in preparing their audit bids. Our goal is to assist auditors in preparing bids that accurately reflect the costs of conducting an audit with a deeper knowledge of features that can lead to the winner’s curse.
Long-term Safety of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.

Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), with emerging data on intermediate and long-term safety. Methods A prospective survey-based study was conducted (September 2012–June 2018) in patients undergoing FMT for recurrent CDI. Data on demographics and comorbidities were abstracted from medical records. Patients were contacted at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year (short-term), and ≥2 years post-FMT (long-term). Symptoms and new medical diagnoses were recorded at each time point. Data were weighted to account for survey nonresponse bias. Multivariate logistic regression models for adverse events were built using age (per 10-year increment), sex, time of survey, and comorbidities. P Results Overall, 609 patients underwent FMT; median age was 56 years (range, 18–94), 64.8% were women, 22.8% had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). At short-term follow-up (n = 609), >60% of patients had diarrhea and 19%-33% had constipation. At 1 year, 9.5% reported additional CDI episodes. On multivariable analysis, patients with IBD, dialysis-dependent kidney disease, and multiple FMTs had higher risk of diarrhea; risk of constipation was higher in women and lower in IBD (all P Conclusion FMT appears safe with low risk of transmission of infections. Several new diagnoses were reported, which should be explored in future studies.
Brief Report: Parents’ Declarative Use of Deictic Gestures Predict Vocabulary Development in Infants at High and Low Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

We examined the communicative intentions behind parents’ deictic gesture use with high-risk infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 17), high-risk infants who were not diagnosed with ASD (n = 25), and low-risk infants (n = 28) at 12 months and assessed the extent to which the parental deictic gesture intentions predicted infants’ later vocabulary development. We found that parents in the three groups produced similar numbers of declarative and imperative gestures during a 10-minute parent–child interaction in the lab at 12 months and that 12-month parental declarative gesture use was significantly, positively associated with children’s 36-month vocabulary scores. Encouraging parental use of declarative gestures with infants could have important implications for language development.
Perspectives on Brown Adipose Tissue Imaging: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Observations from the Last and Current Century.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was first described in the 16th century, but until late last century had mainly been considered a tissue with the function of nonshivering thermogenesis, maintaining body temperature in key organs in newborns who have high body surface areas relative to their weight and thus marked radiative heat loss. BAT was believed to have substantially disappeared by adulthood. Molecular imaging with 18F-FDG PET and PET combined with CT, as well as imaging with 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) beginning late last century have shown BAT to be present and active well into adulthood. This review highlights key aspects of BAT biology, early empiric observations misidentifying BAT, pitfalls in image interpretation, and methods to intentionally reduce BAT uptake, and outlines multiple imaging methods used to identify BAT in vivo. The therapeutic potential of increasing the amount or activity of BAT for weight loss and improvement of glucose and lipid profiles is highlighted as a major opportunity. Molecular imaging can help dissect the physiology of this complex dynamic tissue and offers the potential for addressing challenges separating "active BAT" from "total BAT." Research in BAT has grown extensively, and 18F-FDG PET is the key imaging procedure against which all other BAT imaging methods must be compared. Given the multiple functions of BAT, it is reasonable to consider it a previously unrecognized endocrine tissue and thus an appropriate topic for review in this supplement to The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.
From the Community to the Bench and Back Again: The Value of Patient and Community Engagement in Cancer Research.

Summary: Currently, patients and community members have more frequent interaction with clinical and population scientists than basic scientists, leading to gaps in their engagement across the cancer research continuum. Engaging patients and community members in all types of cancer research can bring personal experiences and societal factors to the forefront, informing scientists about these concerns and leading to research that is more responsive to patient and community needs. Engaging patients with cancer and community members as partners in research helps ensure that the scientific evidence generated is useful to patients and—more importantly—trusted by patients. This bidirectional engagement between patients/community members and research investigators fosters a collaborative and ethical foundation for scientific discovery. Although community-engaged research has been in existence for decades, more recent attention by national organizations to embed patients with cancer and community members into the research process has accelerated the importance of these efforts. Here, we describe the importance of patient and community engagement (PCE) in cancer research. We outline key principles in undertaking PCE in cancer research, provide a framework for PCE throughout the cancer research continuum, review metrics for evaluating the effectiveness of PCE in cancer research, and share opportunities for PCE in cancer research going forward.
Adjunctive Coil Embolization of the Prostatic Arteries After Particle Embolization for Prostatic Artery Embolization.

PURPOSE To describe the feasibility, safety and short-term results of prostatic artery embolization (PAE) performed with adjunctive coil embolization of the main prostatic arteries (PA) following particle embolization. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 95 patients who underwent PAE with adjunctive bilateral coil embolization of the PAs following particle embolization between September 2018 and May 2021 were included. The patients had a mean prostate size of 115 ± 64 ml, 18/95 with hematuria symptoms, and 16/95 with indwelling urinary catheters. Coil embolization was performed in the main PAs prior to the bifurcation into the anteromedial and posterolateral branches using detachable microcoils. International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL), maximum flow rate (Qmax) and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS IPSS were improved by - 11.2 ± 7.9 (n = 49, P < 0.001) and QOL by - 2.4 ± 1.8 (n = 49, P < 0.001) over a mean follow-up of 10.7 ± 7.9 weeks. Qmax did not demonstrate statistical significance. Twelve patients with hematuria (67%) showed improvement or resolution and twelve patients with indwelling or intermittent catheters (75%) were no longer catheter dependent. Two patients underwent a repeat PAE. There were no adverse events which were attributable to coil embolization. CONCLUSION Adjunctive coil embolization of the main PAs following particle embolization is a technically feasible technique with similar short-term clinical outcomes compared to prior studies. This novel technique warrants further prospective investigation with controls.