cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active-site-accessible, porphyrinic metal-organic framework materials.

On account of their structural similarity to cofactors found in many metallo-enzymes, metalloporphyrins are obvious potential building blocks for catalytically active, metal−organic framework (MOF) materials. While numerous porphyrin-based MOFs have already been described, versions featuring highly accessible active sites and permanent microporosity are remarkably scarce. Indeed, of the more than 70 previously reported porphyrinic MOFs, only one has been shown to be both permanently microporous and contain internally accessible active sites for chemical catalysis. Attempts to generalize the design approach used in this single successful case have failed. Reported here, however, is the synthesis of an extended family of MOFs that directly incorporate a variety of metalloporphyrins (specifically Al3+, Zn2+, Pd2+, Mn3+, and Fe3+ complexes). These robust porphyrinic materials (RPMs) feature large channels and readily accessible active sites. As an illustrative example, one of the manganese-containing RPMs is ...
Actions of dopamine and dopaminergic drugs on cloned serotonin receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Abstract Using electrophysiological techniques, we studied interactions of dopamine and selected dopaminergic drugs with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes by RNAs transcribed from cloned cDNAs. Oocytes showing strong expression of 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 receptors became weakly responsive to the neurotransmitter dopamine, which, like 5-HT, elicited Cl- currents through activation of the phosphatidylinositol/Ca2+ messenger pathway. The two types of 5-HT receptors showed similar sensitivity to dopamine; threshold responses were activated at concentrations as low as 1 microM. However, maximum dopamine responses were only 5-20% of maximum responses activated by 5-HT. The dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 was a potent agonist on 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 receptors. SCH 23390 elicited currents at concentrations as low as 1 nM, but maximum responses were again only 5-20% of those activated by 5-HT. Fenoldopam, a dopamine D1 receptor agonist, also interacted with 5-HT1c and 5-HT2 receptors, eliciting threshold responses between 10 and 20 nM. Our experiments raise the possibility that low micromolar concentrations of dopamine can cause weak activation and concomitant desensitization of serotoninergic systems in vivo and demonstrate that benzazepines can interact with 5-HT receptors at nanomolar concentrations.
Modelling of SO2 oxidation rates based on kinetic data of a Cs/V catalyst at high pressures and conversions

Various kinetic models were derived from reaction mechanisms which have been proposed in the literature for SO2 oxidation. These kinetic models were used to fit kinetic data of a Cs/V = 3.5 sulfuric acid catalyst at conversions above 97%, pressures up to 10 atm and temperatures of 360–400°C. The model which fit the kinetic data the best was derived from the Boreskov associative reaction mechanism. The rate model was one-half order in O2 and first order in SO2 with both SO2 and SO3 terms in the denominator.
Immunotherapy of a plasmacytoma with attenuated salmonella

An attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium, SL3235, developed as a prototypic typhoid vaccine, is shown to retard growth of a murine plasmacytoma, TEPC-183, and to prolong survival of tumor-bearing mice. Live salmonella, but not acetone-killed organisms, had antitumor activity. The immunotherapeutic effect was demonstrable when the tumor was injected intralesionally or intraperitoneally. Increased survival, longer mean time to death, and retardation of tumor growth were found when the salmonella were given intralesionally as late as the sixth day post-tumor injection. Timing of salmonella inoculation, as well as the salmonella dose, had an effect on treatment efficacy. Injection of salmonella intraperitoneally exerted a strong antitumor effect when given as late as the third day post-tumor inoculation. The highest dose (2 x 10(6)) of salmonella was less effective than doses 10- or 100-fold lower. TEPC-183 plasmacytoma is rapidly growing and highly immunosuppressive, so the ability of the salmonella to exert therapeutic activity against it is a measure of the potency of the vaccine. These observations are of interest, as they show that a genetically engineered, avirulent strain of Salmonella has immunotherapeutic properties similar to those of BCG and other biological response modifiers, and might have clinical potential as an antitumor agent.
Narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids and carboxypeptidase P digestion for protein C-terminal sequence analysis

Carboxypeptidase P digestion followed by narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography of phenylthiocarbamyl amino acids is employed for polypeptide C-terminal end group and sequence determination. Carboxypeptidase P digestion of polypeptides provides specific cleavage of protein C-terminal amino acids. The digestion offers the advantage that it can be carried out in either 10 mM sodium acetate or water at pH 4.0 in the presence of an enzyme activator, Brij-35. The narrow-bore high-performance liquid chromatography of all 20 phenylthiocarbamyl-amino acids has provided quantitative analysis at low picomole levels. This efficient and sensitive procedure is particularly useful for examining in vivo excision of protein C-termini and for verifying the integrity of various protein products produced by recombinant DNA techniques.
Moral Acquaintances: A Promising New Synthesis of Pluralism and Liberty

L'A. analyse les concepts de connaissances morales de Wildes (K.) a travers des themes de liberte
Comment on 'Wigner equation of motion for time-dependent potentials'

A correction is pointed out to a statement made by Galleani and Cohen (2002, J. mod. Optics, 49, 561) regarding the impossibility of deriving an equation of evolution for the Wigner function corresponding to the Schrodinger equation with a time-dependent potential.
Condensation of a Non-Wetting Fluid on a Solid Surface

Theoretical studies of a drop moving under condensation from the surrounding vapor, have been provided. Two cases are considered. In the first, the rate of condensation is large that the drop "moves" because condensation has changed its dimensions. The model provided here shows that the rate of spreading is a constant, proportional to the heat flux and inversely proportional to the macroscopic contact angle. This compares well with available experimental data. The other model where the rate of condensation is small, is taken from existing results and comes close to explaining one set of experimental data. It is based on the use of viscous forces as the primary rate mechanism. Its shortcomings have been discussed.
Calculation of the stray field of magnets with poisson

Abstract It is shown that application of conformal mapping to two dimensional magnets, containing iron with nonlinear B(H) characteristics, allows calculation of magnetic fields in all 2D space. For some magnets of finite length, this information can be used to get a good approximation for the stray fields in all of 3D space. It is furthermore shown that only minor modifications to POISSON are necessary to allow application of the same techniques to magnets with axial symmetry, leading in this case to solutions that genuinely and accurately describe the fields in all of 3D space.
Stress analysis of the Outwater-Murphy fiber/matrix debond specimen

The distribution of stress at the fiber/matrix interface in the Outwater-Murphy specimen is determined using finite element analysis. Stresses due to mechanical loading as well as residual stresses due to cure shrinkage and water swelling of the matrix are determined and used to predict the fiber/matrix interface stress state at the site where fiber/matrix debonding initiates. Stress analysis of all-resin Outwater-Murphy specimens and Outwater-Murphy specimens with a super element with homogenized fiber and matrix properties point to the dominance of a biaxial tensile stress field at the apex of the hole. A 2D plane stress analysis of the fiber exit element assuming the dominating stresses are tensile indicates that the initiation of fiber/matrix debonding is due to a radial tensile stress acting on the fiber/matrix interface. Experimental test on glass and carbon fiber/vinylester OM specimens were conducted at dry and water-saturated conditions, which provided fiber/matrix interface tensile strengths. It...
Low temperature specific heat of (Mo0.60Ru0.40)100−xBx metallic glasses: Evidence for compositional variation of atomic-scale structure

Abstract The heat capacity of (Mo 0.60 Ru 0.40 ) 100−x B x metallic glasses has been measured in the temperature range 2–15 K for glasses with 14 ≤ × ≤ 22. The electronic specific heat coefficient shows a large monotonic variation as a function of composition, in agreement with predictions based on the theory of dirty superconductors. In addition, the Debye temperature is observed to vary sharply near x = 18% boron. These effects are discussed in terms of a change in the short range order of the metal atoms. These materials appear to be BCS-like superconductors with weak to intermediate electron-phonon coupling.
Roles for pharmacy in combatting counterfeit drugs.

Abstract Objectives: To describe (1) the international scope of counterfeit drugs, (2) international and U.S. anticounterfeiting initiatives, and (3) the enhanced roles and challenges facing pharmaceutical organizations and individual pharmacists to thwart counterfeit drugs. Data sources: PubMed and Ovid from 1970 to 2008 using the search terms counterfeit drugs, counterfeit pharmaceuticals, and counterfeit medicines, with English as the limiting term. Nonprimary literature sources included the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web site ( www.fda.gov ) from 1990 to 2008 using the search term counterfeit drugs, presentations from meetings or workshops attended or accessed via the Internet, and Web sites of professional organizations. Additional resources were identified from personal bibliographies collected by the author and bibliographies of gathered articles. Data synthesis: Counterfeit drugs—defined as those containing no active ingredient, an incorrect amount of active ingredients, incorrect ingredient, and/or unapproved labeling and packaging—represent an unquantified problem of international proportions. The existing situation has been facilitated by inconsistent national regulatory oversight, disparate unlinked databases, lack of unified anticounterfeiting actions, and inability to track the distribution of domestically produced or imported drug products between, among, and within nations. In the United States, several important anticounterfeiting initiatives announced by FDA in 2004 have been implemented but the benefits of others, such as electronic tracking of a drug's movement through the U.S. distribution chain to a dispensing pharmacy, will not be realized in the near future. The role of pharmacists as patient educators, prudent purchasers, and detectors of counterfeit drugs can typically be accomplished with minimal added expense or work; however, the impact of electronic tracking on pharmacies' expenses and workflow is unknown. Pharmacists need to be included in efforts to thwart receipt of counterfeit drugs by patients, but this must be accomplished with minimal negative impact on pharmacy practices. Conclusion: Although consistent detection of counterfeit drugs is difficult, pharmacists can take several reasonable measures to lessen the chances they are dispensing counterfeit drugs. However, the increased role of pharmacists is accompanied by several important challenges involving increased expense and altered business practices.
A Study of Probability Measures Through Commutators

The first-order moments and two families of commutators are proven to determine uniquely the moments of a probability measure on ℝd. These families are the commutators between the annihilation and creation operators, and the commutators between the annihilation and preservation operators. An explicit method for recovering the moments from these commutators and first-order moments is presented.
Molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Cerebral vasospasm is a transient, delayed constriction of cerebral arteries that occurs after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Smooth muscle cells show impaired relaxation after SAH, which may be caused by a defect in the ionic mechanisms regulating smooth muscle membrane potential and Ca2+ permeability. We tested this hypothesis by examining changes in expression of mRNA and protein for ion channels in the basilar arteries of dogs after SAH using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting. SAH was associated with a significant reduction in basilar artery diameter to 41 ± 8% of pre-SAH diameter (P < 0.001) after 7 days. There was significant downregulation of the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv 2.2 (65% reduction in mRNA, P < 0.001; 49% reduction in protein, P < 0.05) and the β1 subunit of the large-conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channel (53% reduction in mRNA, P < 0.02). There was no change in BK β1 subunit protein. Changes in mRNA levels of Kv 2.2 and the BK-β1 subunit c...
Dielectrophoresis has broad applicability to marker-free isolation of tumor cells from blood by microfluidic systems

The number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found in blood is known to be a prognostic marker for recurrence of primary tumors, however, most current methods for isolating CTCs rely on cell surface markers that are not universally expressed by CTCs. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) can discriminate and manipulate cancer cells in microfluidic systems and has been proposed as a molecular marker-independent approach for isolating CTCs from blood. To investigate the potential applicability of DEP to different cancer types, the dielectric and density properties of the NCI-60 panel of tumor cell types have been measured by dielectrophoretic field-flow fractionation (DEP-FFF) and compared with like properties of the subpopulations of normal peripheral blood cells. We show that all of the NCI-60 cell types, regardless of tissue of origin, exhibit dielectric properties that facilitate their isolation from blood by DEP. Cell types derived from solid tumors that grew in adherent cultures exhibited dielectric properties that were strikingly different from those of peripheral blood cell subpopulations while leukemia-derived lines that grew in non-adherent cultures exhibited dielectric properties that were closer to those of peripheral blood cell types. Our results suggest that DEP methods have wide applicability for the surface-marker independent isolation of viable CTCs from blood as well as for the concentration of leukemia cells from blood.
Melt convection effects on the critical velocity of particle engulfment

Liquid convection ahead of the solidifying interface alters particle behavior in the vicinity of the interface. This effect has not been quantified to date. Relevant directional solidification experiments were conducted using samples of varying thicknesses, as well as normal and low-gravity experiments. A mixture of transparent biphenyl matrix and spherical glass particles, as well as one of succinonitrile matrix with polystyrene particles were used. Two experimental setups were used: a horizontal gradient heating facility (HGF) for horizontal solidification, and a Bridgman-type furnace (BF) for vertical solidification. The convection level during solidification in the HGF was varied by changing the distance between the glass slides containing the composite sample. The BF was used on ground and during parabolic flights, and thus the convection level was changed by alternating low-gravity and high-gravity solidified regions. It was found that the convection level and/or particle buoyancy significantly influences the critical velocity for particle engulfment. At higher natural convection during solidification the critical velocity increases by up to 40%. At very high convection levels engulfment may become impossible because particles fail to interact with the interface. A systematic analysis of some theoretical models was performed in an attempt to evaluate the present level of theoretical understanding of the problem. Methods of evaluating the surface energies required for model validation are also presented.
Caffeine-induced hypokalemic paralysis in pregnancy.

Abstract Background: Excessive ingestion of caffeine can induce hypokalemia, which affects the neuromuscular system and can lead to paralysis. Case: A 24-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2-0-0-2 at 33 weeks’ gestation presented with muscular paralysis and hypokalemia secondary to drinking 6 to 7 L of cola per day with little other oral intake. After potassium replacement and stopping caffeine ingestion, the symptoms resolved quickly. Conclusion: The physiologic changes of pregnancy might potentiate the effect of caffeine on serum potassium concentration.
Developmental phase alters dosimetry-teratogenicity relationship for 2-methoxyethanol in CD-1 mice.

The industrial solvent 2-methoxyethanol (2-ME) elicits phase-specific terata in mice through its primary metabolite and proximate toxicant, 2-methoxyacetic acid (2-MAA). Recent pharmacokinetic studies indicate that the incidence and severity of digit malformations induced in CD-1 mice by 2-ME exposure on gestation day (gd) 11 (copulation plug = gd 0) correlate better with the total 2-MAA exposure over time (= area under the curve; AUC) than with its peak concentrations (Cmax) in maternal plasma, embryo and extraembryonic fluid. In this study, the phase specificity of exencephaly induction by 2-ME was investigated to ascertain whether the 2-ME/2-MAA dosimetry-teratogenicity relationship remains consistent throughout organogenesis. Following a single intravenous (iv) bolus dose of 250 mg 2-ME/kg given to pregnant mice, exposure on gd 8 was decidedly the gestation day that best balanced low embryo lethality and high malformation incidence as recorded in near-term fetuses. Concentrations of 2-MAA were measured during distribution and elimination in maternal plasma and conceptuses following iv bolus doses of 175, 250, and 325 mg 2-ME/kg, as well as during and after termination of subcutaneous (sc) constant-rate infusion (4, 6, and 8 hr; 8 microliters/hr) of 277, 392, and 606 mg 2-ME/kg total doses. For all administration regimens, exencephaly incidence rates were determined in fetuses on gd 18. Similar plasma 2-MAA Cmax values (approximately 5 mmol/l) and fetal malformation frequencies (approximately 12%) were induced by sc infusion of 392 mg 2-ME/kg or a bolus dose of 250 mg 2-ME/kg. However, the AUC produced by infusion was significantly larger than that following the iv bolus dose (38 vs. 26 mmol.hr/l, respectively). In both maternal plasma and conceptuses, the correlation coefficients between Cmax and exencephaly rates, as well as developmental toxicity, were higher than they were for AUC and those end points. This outcome suggests that dosimetry-teratogenicity determinants may be quite specific for a distinct developmental phase during which a particular organ differentiates and a specific chemical acts upon the embryo.
State-Class Alliances and Conflicts: Issues and Actors in the Mexican Economic Crisis

The world economic recession that began in the late 1970s has had devastating effects on the economies of most Third World countries. The drop in prices of primary commodities exported by Third World states, the decline in purchasing power of advanced industrial states, and in some cases protectionist measures enacted by the latter led to sharp declines in export earnings. The burden of Third World debt repayment for loans granted and in fact promoted by international banks during a period of excess liquidity was exacerbated by the subsequent contraction of financial resources and a 300 percent increase in interest rates in U.S. and London markets between 1977 and 1981. The external crisis has further debilitated weak internal economic structures, in many cases leading to cutbacks in production, unemployment, and the closing down of firms. Several countries have been forced to resort to loans from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to maintain their credit standing, which has required the implementation of a series of austerity measures resulting in further economic contraction and general misery for the population of these countries. The crisis inevitably raises questions regarding the models of economic development pursued by peripheral states, which, on the one hand, may be seen as causes of the crises (particularly in their vulnerability to external influences) and, on the other, may be jeopardized by it (for example, through enforced contraction of the role of the state, often a primary actor in peripheral economies). This raises the possibility of
A Methodology for Transistor-Efficient Supergate Design

The number of transistors required for the implementation of a logic function is a fundamental consideration in digital VLSI design. While the determination of a series-parallel implementation can be straightforward once a simplified Boolean expression of the function is available, this may not be an optimum solution. In this paper, a methodology is developed for minimizing the number of transistors that starts from a sum-of-products expression and utilizes non-series-parallel structures. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the approach
Investigation of fracture in a K12 tongue component

Abstract A series of failures of K12 tongue components occurred, which are used in automobile seat belts. Scanning electron microscopic studies of the fracture surface indicated that premature fracture of the component was due to the presence of microshrinkage and interdendritic porosity in the material. This paper presents the detailed microscopic analysis of the raw material as well as the finished product of the tongue components to ascertain the actual cause/s for failure.
Spin-dependent transport of holes in microstructures periodically modulated by diluted magnetic semiconductor sections

Abstract We study spin transport of holes through microstructures modulated periodically by diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) sections, stubless or stubbed. The stubs are symmetric or asymmetric and the magnetizations of consecutive DMS sections are parallel or antiparallel. The transmission coefficients of holes with spin up ( T + ) or down ( T - ) are drastically different since the spins feel different potential profiles in the DMS sections. As a result, nearly square-wave patterns, or wide plateaus and oscillations, can be obtained for the transmission and the spin polarization as functions of the incident energy or of various parameters of the periodically repeated unit. Results for simple and composite units with and without deviations from perfect periodicity are reported. Some of the structures considered exhibit a strong spin-filtering behavior.
Victorian Scientific Naturalism: Community, Identity, Continuity

A new set of superb essays valuably introduced and edited by Gowan Dawson and Bernard Lightman, is dedicated to “the late Frank Miller Turner, whose work on scientific naturalism continues to inspi...
Fatty acid and lipid composition of children's food. I. Analytical methods; composition of commercially available supplementary foods for juniors.

Analytical methods and the results of the analysis of the lipids of commercially available canned supplementary foods for juniors are described. Lipids were extracted, separated into polar and non-polar fractions and the components (triglycerides, monoglycerides, free fatty acids, cholesterol ester, and phospholipids) were then identified and estimated, by comparison with reference substances and by gas chromatography. To determine the degree of unsaturation and positional distribution of the fatty acids, the triglycerides were hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase to monoglycerides with the fatty acid in 2-position of glycerol, and the fatty acids and the monoglycerides were also separated by gas chromatography. Linoleic acid, 18.2ω6, was found as the predominant fatty acid in the 2-position of the triglycerides. The other fatty acids being distributed equally to all positions of glycerol with the exception of few minor fatty acids. Fat contributed to 31 to 48 percent of the total energy supply of the analyzed items; linoleic acid providing 0.4 to 2.4 percent of this energy assuming that one can of these products is consumed daily.
Blockade of the Tonic Hindlimb Extensor Component of Maximal Electroshock and Pentylenetetrazol‐Induced Seizures by Drugs Acting on Muscle and Muscle Spindle Systems: A Perspective on Method

Summary Blockade of tonic hindlimb extension (THE) in the maximal electroshock seizure test was demonstrated for C-28 ‘882-Ba, a muscle spindle suppressant, chlorpromazine, a depressant of fusimotor drive, and gallamine, a neuromuscular blocking drug. These agents also blocked THE produced by very large doses of pentylenetetrazol. Dantrolene, a muscle contraction antagonist, and MI-65-S, a muscle spindle suppressant, significantly delayed THE. The data indicate that blockade of THE may be effected at a multiplicity of loci and may not be an expression of an “anticonvulsant” effect. RESUME Un blocage de l'extension tonique des pattes anterieures dans les crises par electrochoc maximal, a ete demontre par une substance, le C-28'882-Ba, qui supprime l'activite des fuseaux neuromusculaites, par la chlorpromazine, qui diminue l'activite fusimotrice et la gallamine, substance qui bloque la transmission neuromusculaire. Le dantrolene, un antagoniste de la contraction musculaire, et le MI-65-S, un suppresseur de l'activite des fuseaux musculaires, retardaient remarquablement la composante tonique en extension des pattes anterieures. Les donnees indiquent qu'un blocage de la composante tonique en extension peut resulter de facteurs multiples qui agissent a differents niveaux et peut ne pas etre la consequence d'un effet “anti-convulsivant.” RESUMEN Se ha demostrado que el C-28'882-Ba, supresor del huso muscular, la clorpromazina, depresor de la actividad fusimotora y la gallamina, droga bloqueante neuromuscular, producen un bloqueo de la extension tonica de las extremidades posteriores (THE) que surge del test convulsivo en el electroshock maximo. Estos agentes tambien bloquearon la THE producida por dosis altas de pentilentetrazol. El dantrolene, un antagonista de la contraccion muscular y el MI-65-S, un supresor del huso muscular, retrasaron significativamente la THE. Esta informacion indica que el bloqueo de la THE puede ser producido por multiples estructuras y puede no ser extresivo de efectos “anticonvulsivantes.” ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Blockade der tonischen Hinterpfotenex-tensoren (THE) im maximalen Elektroschock-krampftest wurde fur C-28 882-Ba, eine musek-elspindelsuppressive Substanz, Chlorpromacin, einen Depressor der fusimotorischen Aktivitat und Gallamin einen neuromuskularen Blocker demonstriert. Diese Agentien blockierten auch die THE, die durch sehr grosse Dosen von Pentylentetrazol hervorgerufen wurde. Dantrolen, ein Antagonist der Muskelkontraktion und MI-65-S, ein Muskelspindelsuppressor verzogerten signifikanterweise die THE. Die Daten lassen erkennen, dass die Blockade der THE verschiedenenorts hervorgerufen werden kann und nicht Ausdruck eines antikonvulsiven Effekts sein konnen.
Earliest stegosaur dinosaur

Re-excavation of the type site of the Sharp's Hill Formation (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) in Oxfordshire, England, has revealed several horizons with disarticulated remains of a species of stegosaurian dinosaur, here considered to be the earliest stegosaur. It is suggested that stegosaurs radiated out from northern Europe in the Middle and Upper Jurassic to the rest of the world. The general stratigraphy of the type site is described, and it is concluded that the stegosaur remains are possibly of earliest Lower Bathonian age. The sediment in which the remains accumulated is considered to represent a drought-controlled environment.
Knowledge discovery with second-order relations

This paper presents an induction technique that discovers a set of classification rules, from a set of examples, using second-order relations as a representational model. Second-order relations are database relations in which tuples have sets of atomic values as components. Using sets of values, which are interpreted as disjunctions, provides compact representations that facilitate efficient management and enhance comprehensibility. The second-order relational framework is based on theoretical foundations that link relational database theory, machine learning, and logic synthesis. The rule induction technique can be viewed as a second-order relation compression problem in which the original relation, representing training data, is transformed into a second-order relation with fewer tuples by merging tuples in ways that preserve consistency with the training data. This problem is closely related to two-level Boolean function minimization in logic synthesis. We describe a rule-mining system, SORCER, and compare its performance to two state-of-the-art classification systems: C4.5 and CBA. Experimental results based on the average of error rates ove 26 data sets show that SORCER, using a simple compression scheme, outperforms C4.5 and is competitive to CBA. Using a slightly more sophisticated compression scheme, SORCER outperforms both C4.5 and CBA.
The factors affecting the reflectance spectra of some dyes adsorbed on alumina

Abstract Various factors affecting the diffuse reflectance spectra of eosin B, rhodamine B, fuchsin, and o-nitrophenol adsorbed on Chromatographic alumina under various conditions were studied to explore the potential analytical application of reflectance spectroscopy to dyestuffs separated by thin-layer chromatography. Regeneration temperature, pH and grade of adsorbent, and humidity were found to influence the spectra but the technique may be utilized for the photometric analysis of food dyes adsorbed on alumina ; straight lines passing through the origin were obtained when the Kubelka-Munk function was plotted against a suitable concentration range of dye. For reproducible results, it is essential to employ the same grade of adsorbent and to prepare samples under uniform conditions of humidity.
The US army in operations other than War: A time to revive military geography

This paper revisits and interrelates the scope of military geography and the changing role of the military, two themes previously addressed in the 1993 and 1994 special editions ofGeoJournal. I begin by tracing the evolution of military geography in the US from World War I through the end of the Gulf War to reveal the demise of the subfield within American academic geography. Within the context of the post-Cold War era, I describe the military's reorientation and emphasize the need and opportunity to broaden the scope of military geography accordingly. The military's current operating environment is best characterized by “operations other than war”, undertaken on an unprecedented scale. Military geographers and regional, systematic, and technical experts throughout the discipline now have an unparalleled opportunity to contribute to the success of peacekeeping, humanitarian, and disaster assistance missions with which the military is currently preoccupied. Initiatives by academic geographers would not only enhance mission accomplishment from the military and federal government's perspective, but might also help to revive military geography as a legitimate subfield by demonstrating that military geographic endeavors can be both “socially responsible” and “politically correct”, particularly within “operations other than war.”
Limited temporal variability of arsenic concentrations in 20 wells monitored for 3 years in Araihazar, Bangladesh.

Millions of people in Bangladesh have probably switched their water consumption to wells that meet the local standard for As in drinking water of 50 μg/L as a result of blanket field testing throughout the country. It is therefore important to know if As concentrations in those wells could change over time. To address this issue, we report here precise groundwater As analyses for time-series samples collected from a suite of 20 tube wells containing ≤50 μg/L As and ranging from 8 to 142 m in depth. For 17 out of 20 wells, the standard deviation of groundwater As concentrations was <10 μg/L over the 3-year monitoring period (n = 24−44 per well). Six of the 17 wells are community wells, each of which serves the needs of several hundred people in particularly affected villages. Of the three wells showing larger fluctuations in chemical composition including As, two are very shallow (8 and 10 m). Variations in As concentrations for one of these wells (50 ± 32 μg/L, n = 36), as well as another shallow well sho...
Altering behavioral responses and dopamine transporter protein with antisense peptide nucleic acids

The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a role in locomotion and is an obligatory target for amphetamines. We designed and synthesized an antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to rat DAT to examine the effect of this antisense molecule on locomotion and on responsiveness to amphetamines. Rats were injected intraperitoneally daily for 9 days with either saline, an antisense DAT PNA, a scrambled DAT PNA, or a mismatch DAT PNA. On days 7 and 9 after initial motility measurements were taken, the animals were challenged with 10 mg/kg of amphetamine and scored for motility. On day 7, there was no significant difference between the baseline levels of activity of any of the groups or their responses to amphetamine. On day 9, the antisense PNA-treated rats showed a statistically significant increase in their resting motility (P < 0.01). When these rats were challenged with amphetamine, motility of the saline-, scrambled PNA-, and mismatch PNA-treated animals showed increases of 31-, 36-, and 20-fold, respectively, while the antisense PNA-treated animals showed increases of only 3.4-fold (P < 0.01). ELISA results revealed a 32% decrease in striatal DAT in antisense PNA-treated rats compared with the saline, scrambled PNA, and mismatch PNA controls (P < 0.001). These results extend our previous findings that brain proteins can be knocked down in a specific manner by antisense molecules administered extracranially. Additionally, these results suggest some novel approaches for the treatment of diseases dependent upon the function of the dopamine transporter.
Hydrogen-assisted cracking in a precipitation-hardened stainless steel: effects of heat treatment and displacement rate

Abstract The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel was evaluated using non-linear fracture mechanics methods. The initiation toughness, Ji, and the resistance to stable crack growth, dJ/da, were measured using precracked compact specimens. Specimens were electrochemically charged with hydrogen prior to fracture testing in air. After charging, a monotonically increasing load-line displacement was applied to produce the J-integral curve for stable crack growth. Crack length was monitored by the direct-current electric potential method; current switching eliminated thermal voltage contributions. The fracture properties of PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel were severely degraded by hydrogen. Ji for material in the hydrogen-charged condition was degraded by as much as 98% compared to the uncharged condition. The fracture mode exhibited dramatic transitions from microvoid coalescence in uncharged specimens to intergranular cracking in charged specimens tested at slow displacement rate. Toughness tests performed at higher displacement rates exhibited less susceptibility and failed by a mixed mode of transgranular facets and microvoid coalescence. The rate dependence is an indication that the higher displacement rates limit hydrogen transport to the crack-tip process zone. The contributions of hydrogen transport by diffusion and by dislocation transport to the crack-tip process zone are discussed. The displacement rate is related to a local controlling crack-tip parameter, or crack-tip strain rate.
Structure and Plasticity of Endophilin and Sorting Nexin 9

Endophilin and Sorting Nexin 9 (Snx9) play key roles in endocytosis by membrane curvature sensing and remodeling via their Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domains. BAR and the related F-BAR domains form dimeric, crescent-shaped units that occur N- or C-terminally to other lipid-binding, adaptor, or catalytic modules. In crystal structures, the PX-BAR unit of Snx9 (Snx9(PX-BAR)) adopts an overall compact, moderately curved conformation. SAXS-based solution studies revealed an alternative, more curved state of Snx9(PX-BAR) in which the PX domains are flexibly connected to the BAR domains, providing a model for how Snx9 exhibits lipid-dependent curvature preferences. In contrast, Endophilin appears to be rigid in solution, and the SH3 domains are located at the distal tips of a BAR domain dimer with fixed curvature. We also observed tip-to-tip interactions between the BAR domains in a trigonal crystal form of Snx9(PX-BAR) reminiscent of functionally important interactions described for F-BAR domains.
A concise synthesis of (S)-(+)-1-(4-{2-[bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-ethyl} piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylpropan-2-ol dimaleate

(S)-(+)-1-(4-{2-[Bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]-ethyl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-phenylpropan-2-ol dimaleate was prepared in several steps from (S)-(+)-atrolactic acid by a process permitting synthesis of multigram quantities. With the information provided by asymmetric synthesis, the X-ray crystal structure was solved.
Light-induced development of glycine oxidation by mitochondria from sunflower cotyledons

Abstract Mitochondria isolated from etiolated cotyledons of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) oxidize glycine poorly, whereas mitochondria isolated from the cotyledons of light-grown sunflower seedlings oxidized glycine at a rate equal to approx. 60% of the rate with malate as substrate, with good respiratory control and ADP/O ratios comparable to those obtained with malate as substrate. The capacity of sunflower cotyledon mitochondria to oxidize glycine and the activity of the microbody marker enzyme glycollate oxidase increased simultaneously during growth of seedlings in the light. These increases in enzyme activity of the glycollate path are dependent on light and independent of Chl synthesis. Mitochondrial preparations obtained from the cotyledons of dark-grown sunflower cotyledons subjected to 5 min illumination/day exhibit good rates of glycine oxidation yet contain little Chl. Microbodies were largely removed from these preparations by purification on a sucrose gradient.
Averting In-Situ Adversaries in Wireless Sensor Network Using Deceptive Traffic

Sensors in wireless sensor networks probe their surroundings and send their findings to a nearby base-station over multi-hop routes. In a hostile application environment the network may be attacked. Since the base-station plays a critical role and acts as a sink for all data traffic, it may be subject of pointed attack from an adversary that opts to inflict the most impact on the network. Despite of all physical precautionary measures for hiding the base-station, traffic analysis techniques can uncover its location since it is the end point of all data routes. This paper presents a novel distributed algorithm that boosts the anonymity of the base-station. A local sniffer adversary model is assumed where the source of a transmission is determined and used to search for the next hop until reaching the base-station. To counter such an attack, sensors in the vicinity of the adversary will transmit deceptive packets in order to divert the sniffer away from the base-station. The simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the approach.
Access to periodicals holdings information: Creating links between databases and the library catalog7

Providing users with a single source of information about all periodical titles available, regardless of source or format, is a high priority in many libraries. This article describes a project to extend the standard MARC-based library catalog with links to periodical titles available from full-text aggregators. The project developed a process for creating and maintaining brief bibliographic records for these non-traditional periodical titles; it features automated record creation and maintenance, and makes use of innovative local MARC tag definitions. This article also discusses a method to access this information at the point of need from within citation databases.
Defensive Marketing Strategy by Customer Complaint Management: A Theoretical Analysis:

On the basis of Hirschman's exit-voice theory, an economic model of defensive marketing strategy is developed for complaint management. Though many firms strive to reduce the number of customer com...
Tuberculosis of Rabbits induced by Droplet Nuclei Infection. II. Response to Reinfection.

Rabbits were caused to inhale known numbers of virulent bovine tubercle bacilli as separated cells in droplet nuclei. For approximately 5 weeks after infection the growth of the bacilli and the response of rabbits to their growth was homogeneous; i.e., all reacted in the same way and to the same degree. After 6 weeks individual differences in the rate of progress of the initial tubercles and of the infection as a whole became evident. These variations in the response seemed to be influenced by the number of initial tubercles and by the number of bacilli found in the lesions. It is concluded that, as evidenced by the homogeneous phase of infection, rabbits do not differ in their resistance to initial growth of bovine tubercle bacilli. However, the later, heterogeneous pattern of response suggests that these animals vary widely in their capacity to acquire resistance.
Unsupervised clustering for google searches of celebrity images

How do we identify images of the same person in photo albums? How can we find images of a particular celebrity using Web image search engines? These types of tasks require solving numerous challenging issues in computer vision including: detecting whether an image contains a face, maintaining robustness to lighting, pose, occlusion, scale, and image quality, and using appropriate distance metrics to identify and compare different faces. In this paper we present a complete system which yields good performance on challenging tasks involving face recognition including image retrieval, unsupervised clustering of faces, and increasing precision of dasiaGoogle Imagepsila searches. All tasks use highly variable real data obtained from raw image searches on the web.
Incidence of concomitant procedures for pelvic organ prolapse and reconstruction in women who undergo surgery for stress urinary incontinence.

Abstract Objectives. To determine the incidence of concomitant procedures performed for pelvic organ prolapse or vaginal reconstruction at the time of surgery for stress urinary incontinence in contemporary practice. Methods. We recorded all concomitant procedures for pelvic organ prolapse or vaginal reconstruction in 264 women who underwent surgery for stress urinary incontinence at our institution from January 1995 to August 1997. Results. Of 264 women, 111 (42%) had at least one concomitant procedure performed for pelvic organ prolapse or vaginal reconstruction, including 87 cystocele repairs, 31 rectocele repairs, 8 sacrospinous fixations, 5 enterocele repairs, 5 abdominal sacrocolpopexies, 4 perineoplasties, 3 urethral diverticulectomies, and 1 vaginal hysterectomy. Furthermore, 9% of patients had two or more procedures. Conclusions. We found that women who undergo surgery for stress urinary incontinence have a high incidence (42%) of associated pelvic organ prolapse requiring surgical repair. These additional repairs contribute to the overall success of surgery and should not be overlooked.
Glass corrosion in ambient temperature lithium battery headers

During high-temperature storage, glass corrosion in glass-to-metal feedthroughs can limit the lifetimes of lithium batteries designed to operate at ambient temperatures. Ampule tests have been conducted to simulate glass corrosion for Li/So2, Li/SOCl2, and Li/SOCl2 + BrCl batteries. In all lithium battery systems tested, lithium metal has been identified as the source of glass corrosion. On the basis of thermodynamic and kinetic stability, glass compositions have been developed that minimize the corrosion problem in all lithium battery systems tested.
Connecting the Hidden Dots: An Essay Book Review of Erica Meiners’ Right to be Hostile: Schools, Prisons, and the Making of Public Enemies

This article is an essay book review of Meiner’s Right to be Hostile: Schools, Prisons and the Making of Public Enemies (2007). While educators are usually not brought to reflect upon penal institutions, Meiners builds a compelling case for why this should be otherwise. Meiners’ objective is to push educators to think about the ways in which the practices, ideologies, and processes in schools play a role in supporting the Prison Industrial Complex. Meiners accomplishes this by outlining historical and current realities of schools, which have functioned to normalize an expectation of incarceration for select youth. Meiners’ ability to explore highly controversial and emotionally charged subject matter is commendable, and this book breaks down boundaries in expanding what counts as important knowledge for teachers. Although mainly aimed at educators, it is of interest to any person wishing to understand how prisons have become naturalized as inevitable social institutions for select groups of people.
The Walrasian Theory of Money: An Interpretation and a Reconstruction

Economic theory offers few more interesting challenges than the monetary analysis of Leon Walras.1 Its importance as a precursor of the better-known ‘Cambridge-k’ approach, its evolution in the writing of its author, and its importance as the first rigorous attempt to treat money in a fashion analagous to ‘real’ goods, have been treated elsewhere.2 Less has been done in the study of its true relationships to the savings-investment equations of the model — relationships which differ significantly from their more famous Wicksellian counterparts — and this study will attempt to fill this gap to some extent. As presented by Walras, the analysis is highly condensed, overly mathematized, and often obscure.
Optimal truncation time for matched filter array processing

Matched filter array processing (MFA) has been shown to improve the signal-to-noise (SNR) quality for array speech capture in reverberant environments. However, under non-optimum conditions, MFA processing is computationally costly, and may produce little improvement or even subjective quality degradation as compared with simple time delay compensation (TDC). Appropriate truncation of the MFA filter bank is shown to reduce the computational burden without significantly reducing the capture SNR. This work attempts to find an optimal truncation time with respect to room size, wall absorption and the number of microphones used for the system. Simulations were conducted to evaluate MFA performance as a function of truncation length as these parameters were varied in situations typical of teleconferencing applications. It was demonstrated that judicious MFA truncation allows a reduction in computation load without sacrificing capture SNR.