cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Citizen participation in urban planning: Planner attitudes, administrative frameworks

The results of a longitudinal attitude survey of British and American planning officials towards the concept of citizen participation are reported. Particular attention is given to their expressed preference for a locally controlled system for organizing citizen participation framework is outlined that has emerged from recent US practice and that meets the expressed requirements of the planning officials.
Testing a MODIS Global Disturbance Index across North America

Abstract Large-scale ecosystem disturbances (LSEDs) have major impacts on the global carbon cycle as large pulses of CO2 and other trace gases from terrestrial biomass loss are emitted to the atmosphere during disturbance events. The high temporal and spatial variability of the atmospheric emissions combined with the lack of a proven methodology to monitor LSEDs at the global scale make the timing, location and extent of vegetation disturbance a significant uncertainty in understanding the global carbon cycle. The MODIS Global Disturbance Index (MGDI) algorithm is designed for large-scale, regular, disturbance mapping using Aqua/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Aqua/MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data. The MGDI uses annual maximum composite LST data to detect fundamental changes in land-surface energy partitioning, while avoiding the high natural variability associated with tracking LST at daily, weekly, or seasonal time frames. Here we apply the full Aqua/MODIS dataset through 2006 to the improved MGDI algorithm across the woody ecosystems of North America and test the algorithm by comparison with confirmed, historical wildfire events and the windfall areas of documented major hurricanes. The MGDI accurately detects the location and extent of wildfire throughout North America and detects high and moderate severity impacts in the windfall area of major hurricanes. We also find detections associated with clear-cut logging and land-clearing on the forest–agricultural interface. The MGDI indicates that 1.5% (195,580 km2) of the woody ecosystems within North America was disturbed in 2005 and 0.5% (67,451 km2) was disturbed in 2006. The interannual variability is supported by wildfire detections and official burned area statistics.
Co-located gas turbine/solar thermal hybrid designs for power production

Abstract This paper describes gas turbine/solar trough hybrid designs that achieve a solar contribution greater than 50% and increase the solar-to-electric efficiency while reducing gas heat rate. Two conceptual designs are explored: (1) integrating gas turbines with conventional oil heat-transfer-fluid (HTF) troughs running at 390 °C, and (2) integrating gas turbines with salt-HTF troughs running at 450 °C and including thermal energy storage (TES). The latter system is also representative of molten-salt power towers, although the power towers run at temperatures near 565 °C and would require selection of an appropriate gas turbine to provide waste heat at those temperatures. Using gas turbine waste heat to supplement the TES system provides operating flexibility while enhancing the efficiency of gas utilization. The analysis indicates that the hybrid plant designs produce solar-derived electricity and gas-derived electricity at lower costs than either system operating alone.
Characterization of ferromagnetic/dielectric systems for metamaterials applications

Incorporation of ferromagnetic materials into metamaterial systems provides an opportunity to tune microwave permeability with an external magnetic field, strongly affecting wave propagation. We characterize microwave properties of several soft magnetic materials with high permeability as possible candidates for such applications. In the range of the ferromagnetic resonance, the permeability of ferromagnetic/dielectric composites varies from positive to negative values. In addition, a low field absorption peak provides an additional possibility of tuning with low fields. Microwave propagation through metal-dielectric multilayered systems shows
Galactic cosmic ray neon isotopic abundances measured by the cosmic ray isotope spectrometer (cris) on ace

We present measurements of neon isotopic abundances from the ACE-CRIS experiment. These abundances have been obtained in seven energy intervals over the energy range of ∼80≤E≤280 MeV/nucleon. We find that the ^(22)Ne/^(20)Ne abundance ratio at the cosmic-ray source is a factor of 5.0±0.2 greater than for the solar wind. These measured abundances agree well with previous experiments. The significance of these results is discussed.
An empirical examination of factors influencing JIT success

Investigates empirically the impact of the different facets of manufacturing subsystems on just‐in‐time (JIT) success. Uses a sample of 130 large US manufacturing firms to test research hypotheses derived from an extensive literature review and a field study conducted by the authors. Discusses results and implications in the context of a consideration of the role of JIT as a strategic response to the changing manufacturing environment.
Signal transduction through chondrocyte integrin receptors induces matrix metalloproteinase synthesis and synergizes with interleukin-1.

Objective. To study the role of signal transduction via integrin receptors in the production of metalloproteinase by rabbit articular chondrocytes. Methods. Confluent, primary rabbit articular chondrocytes (RAC) were incubated for 72 hours in the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1), Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, or a combination of IL-1 and RGD peptide. Media were analyzed for stromelysin enzymatic activity using a 3H-labeled transferrin substrate, and for stromelysin and collagenase protein by Western analysis. Gelatinase activity was analyzed by gelatin zymography. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) protein was used to determine the involvement of IL-1 in mediating the effects of RGD peptide, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS) was used to examine the effect of IL-1 on chondrocyte integrin subunit expression. Results. RGD peptides induced chondrocyte synthesis of stromelysin, collagenase, and 92-kd gelatinase B, and increased synthesis of the constitutively expressed 72-kd gelatinase A. Further studies focusing on stromelysin demonstrated that this up-regulation was concentration dependent and that RGD peptides synergized with IL-1 in inducing stromelysin synthesis. RGD-induced stromelysin production was inhibited by the IL-1Ra in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating that induction by RGD requires binding of IL-1 to its receptor. FACS analysis of RAC showed that IL-1 stimulation increased the expression of β1 and αv integrin subunits on the chondrocyte surface. Conclusion. Our data demonstrate that signal transduction through chondrocyte integrin receptors up-regulates metalloproteinase expression and that this is likely mediated through induction of IL-1. They also suggest that the binding of adhesion molecules to their chondrocyte integrin receptors reduces the amount of IL-1 required to induce stromelysin synthesis. Up-regulation of chondrocyte integrin expression by IL-1 may play a role in the synergistic effects seen with a combination of IL-1 and RGD peptides. Since elevated levels of both IL-1 and adhesion molecules are present in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synovial fluid, our data suggest that this interaction may be important in mediating the cartilage destruction accompanying these diseases.
The Caulobacter crescentus phage phiCbK: Genomics of a canonical phage

The bacterium Caulobacter crescentus is a popular model for the study of cell cycle regulation and senescence. The large prolate siphophage phiCbK has been an important tool in C. crescentus biology, and has been studied in its own right as a model for viral morphogenesis. Although a system of some interest, to date little genomic information is available on phiCbK or its relatives. Five novel phiCbK-like C. crescentus bacteriophages, CcrMagneto, CcrSwift, CcrKarma, CcrRogue and CcrColossus, were isolated from the environment. The genomes of phage phiCbK and these five environmental phage isolates were obtained by 454 pyrosequencing. The phiCbK-like phage genomes range in size from 205 kb encoding 318 proteins (phiCbK) to 280 kb encoding 448 proteins (CcrColossus), and were found to contain nonpermuted terminal redundancies of 10 to 17 kb. A novel method of terminal ligation was developed to map genomic termini, which confirmed termini predicted by coverage analysis. This suggests that sequence coverage discontinuities may be useable as predictors of genomic termini in phage genomes. Genomic modules encoding virion morphogenesis, lysis and DNA replication proteins were identified. The phiCbK-like phages were also found to encode a number of intriguing proteins; all contain a clearly T7-like DNA polymerase, and five of the six encode a possible homolog of the C. crescentus cell cycle regulator GcrA, which may allow the phage to alter the host cell’s replicative state. The structural proteome of phage phiCbK was determined, identifying the portal, major and minor capsid proteins, the tail tape measure and possible tail fiber proteins. All six phage genomes are clearly related; phiCbK, CcrMagneto, CcrSwift, CcrKarma and CcrRogue form a group related at the DNA level, while CcrColossus is more diverged but retains significant similarity at the protein level. Due to their lack of any apparent relationship to other described phages, this group is proposed as the founding cohort of a new phage type, the phiCbK-like phages. This work will serve as a foundation for future studies on morphogenesis, infection and phage-host interactions in C. crescentus.
About Steaks Liking to be Eaten: The Conflicting Views of Symbolic Interactions and Talcott Parsons Concerning the Nature of Relations Between Persons and Nonhuman Objects

Reasoning on the basis of the nature of a series of characteristics of social systems, Talcott Parsons asserted that relations of persons with others are interactional, but that their relations with what he called nonsocial objects-physical and cultural objects-are other than interactional. Logical as well as common sense considerations show that persons do interact both with categories of objects. Symbolic interactionists hold that interaction of persons with nonhuman objects-their designation of what Parsons called nonsocial objects-occurs during the course of the persons taking the roles of such objects internally with presumed mutuality, that is thinking about them, and interpreting them as one or another of three different kinds of signs. In the symbolic interactionist perspective, the overarching background of all interaction is the active self mediating reflexively between the persons and whatever kinds of objects with which they are involved.
Syntheses and Structure of 8-, 7-, and 6-Membered Silacycloallenes

Encouraged by their recent success in the synthesis and structure determination of a tetrasilacyclohexyne, the authors have pursued the syntheses of strained silacycloallenes and report herein the first examples of isolable 6- and 7-membered rings containing 1,2-diene units. A key factor in their synthetic success was the finding that 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne is quantitatively converted to an allenyl dianion upon treatment with 2 equiv of n-BuLi in ether. Quenching of the allenyl dianion with [alpha],[omega]-dichloropolysilanes leads in each case to good yields of the corresponding cyclic allenes. 15 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Oxidation of acylglycerols and phosphoglycerides by soybean lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) catalyzes the incorporation of oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids, resulting in the formation of their corresponding hydroperoxides. The ability of a commercial preparation of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) lipoxygenase to catalyze the oxidation of acylglycerols and phosphoglycerides was investigated. The oxidation rate of trilinolein increased nearly 100% when 5 mM deoxycholate was added to the reaction medium. With further increases in the concentration of deoxycholate, the oxidation rate decreased slightly. The pH profile of trilinolein oxidation was bell-shaped. The rate of oxidation was maximal at pH 8, and it decreased to near zero at pH 5 and pH 11. Even under optimal conditions, the rate of trilinolein oxidation was only 3% of that of linoleic acid, and analysis of time course data showed that, at most, 15% of available linoleate was oxidized. In contrast to the slow rate of trilinolein oxidation, tested phosphoglycerides and diacylglycerols were oxidized at moderate rates. The rate of phosphoglyceride oxidation depended upon the structure of the polar head group and varied between 7–28% of the rate of linoleic acid oxidation. Diacylglycerols reacted at a rate that was 40% of that of linoleic acid. Analysis of the time course of 1,3-dilinolein oxidation showed that as much as 67% of the available linoleate could be converted to the corresponding hydroperoxide. Analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that more than 20% of the 1,3-dilinolein was converted to unidentified products that are not hydroperoxides.
Balancing Venous Thromboembolism and Hematoma After Breast Surgery

The purposes of this study are (1) to determine our institution’s rate of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) and hematomas following breast surgery, and (2) to compare our breast surgery VTE rate with both our general surgery population and the National surgical quality improvement program (NSQIP) dataset. Prospectively collected NSQIP data from April 2006 to June 2010 were analyzed. Our institution’s VTE rates, pharmacologic prophylaxis (PCP) utilization, and hematomas were reviewed for patients undergoing breast surgery. The VTE rate was compared with NSQIP patient populations. Among 4,579 breast operations at our institution over this time period, 988 (21.6 %) were analyzed through NSQIP. The VTE rate following breast operations was 4/988 (0.4 %): 0/236 for those with benign disease and 4/752 (0.5 %) for those with breast cancer (p = 0.58). PCP was received by 147/752 (19.5 %) cancer patients. In cancer patients, the hematoma rate requiring reoperation was 3/147 (2.0 %) in those receiving PCP and 12/605 (2.0 %) in those not receiving PCP (p = 1.0). Breast surgery patients had a similar VTE rate compared with the institutional general surgery population (0.7 %, p = 0.254) and versus national general surgery patients from NSQIP (0.7 %, p = 0.29). Our institution’s VTE incidence for patients with breast cancer undergoing mastectomy was significantly higher than “like” NSQIP centers. Our breast surgery VTE rate was similar to our general surgery population. Our mastectomy population had a higher VTE incidence compared with other NSQIP sites. Patients undergoing mastectomy, especially if combined with axillary lymph node dissection or reconstruction, should be considered for routine PCP.
A Framework for Debate of Assisted Migration in an Era of Climate Change

The Torreya Guardians are trying to save the Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia Arn.) from extinction (Barlow & Martin 2004). Fewer than 1000 individuals of this coniferous tree remain within its native distribution, a 35-km stretch of the Apalachicola River, and these trees are not reproducing (Schwartz et al. 2000). Even if the Florida torreya was not declining toward extinction, the species would be at risk from climate change. Warming is projected to either significantly reduce or eliminate suitable habitat for most narrowly endemic taxa (Thomas et al. 2004; Hannah et al. 2005; Peterson et al. 2006), forcing species to colonize new terrain to survive. The focus of the Torreya Guardians is an “assisted migration” program that would introduce seedlings to forests across the Southern Appalachians and Cumberland Plateau (http://www.TorreyaGuardians.org). Their intent is to avert extinction by deliberately expanding the range of this endangered plant over 500 km northward. Because planting endangered plants in new environments is relatively simple as long as seeds are legally acquired and planted with landowner permission, the Torreya Guardians believe their efforts are justified. Introducing this species to regions where it has not existed for 65 million years is “[e]asy, legal, and cheap” (Barlow & Martin 2004). If circumventing climate-driven extinction is a conservation priority, then assisted migration must be considered a management option. Compelling evidence suggests that climate change will be a significant driver of extinction (McCarthy et al. 2001; McLaughlin et al. 2002; Root et al. 2003; Thomas et al. 2004). Researchers typically conclude that mitigating climate change and providing reserve networks that foster connectivity and movement should be a priority (e.g., Hannah et al. 2002). Ecol-
Arthro-dento-osteo dysplasia (Hajdu-Cheney syndrome). Review of a genetic "acro-osteolysis" syndrome.

From one personal patient and thirteen reported in the literature, arthro-dento-osteo dysplasia (ADOD) is defined as a heritable connective tissue disorder with the main clinical manifestations of laxity of joints, early loss of teeth, and multiple osteolytic lesions, including acro-osteolysis, on roentgenographic examination. These lesions are likely to represent “pseudo-osteolysis” with faulty primary bone formation rather than true osteolysis of previously normal bone. ADOD is an example of relational pleiotropism with most clinical manifestations representing secondary effects and deformities. The cranial sutures frequently remain uncalcified and contain multiple Wormian bones. Secondary deformities may be progressive and affect primarily the skull, spine, fingers and fingernails. Pathologic fractures are clinically the most important manifestation of ADOD. In one family the mother and four of her six children were affected. The other nine case reports describe sporadic instances. ADOD is presumed to be caused by an autosomal dominant gene, the sporadic cases representing new mutations.
Crystal growth and characterization of Pt0.97S2

Large, well-formed plates of Pt0.97 S2 were grown by chemical vapor transport. A combination of phosphorus and chlorine was used as the transport agent. The best crystals were grown when the charge zone was maintained at 800°C and the growth zone at 740°C. The crystals were found to be diamagnetic with a susceptibility of −31(2) × 10−6 emu/mole at 77°K and showed semiconducting behavior with a band gap of 0.20(2)eV. From Hall voltage measurements, the sign of the carriers was ascertained to be positive. Pt0.97S2 particles less than 63μ underwent thermal decomposition in air at 270(10)°C.
Peptide-directed binding of quantum dots to integrins in human fibroblast

There is currently a major international effort aimed at integrating semiconductor nanostructures with biological structures. This paper reports the use of peptide sequences with certain motifs like artinine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) and leucine-aspartic acid-valine (LDV) to functionalize zinc sulfide (ZnS)-capped cadmiun selenide (CdSe) quantum dots, so that the quantum dot-peptide complexes selectively bind to integrins on HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells membrane. In this way, an interface between semiconductor nanocrystals and subcellular components was achieved, and the distribution pattern of RGD and LDV receptors on HT1080 cell membranes is revealed. These findings point the way to using a wide class of peptide-functionalized semiconductor quantum dots for the study of cellular processes involving integrins
Goal Types, Compliance-Gaining and Locus of Control

This study argues that situations can be conceptualised according to actors' prototypes (Cantor & Mischel, 1979a, b) for obtaining goals. In addition, these goals are constructed from salient dimen...
Treatment Research and the Causes of Schizophrenia

Research in therapeutics has contributed to a substantial degree to our current understanding of the biology of schizophrenia. This becomes obvious as one reviews the history of biological psychiatry. Prior to the discovery of antipsychotic drugs, theories of the cause of schizophrenia were relatively unproductive and focused on factors such as distrubed parenting and circulating agents that were thought to be endogenous psychotogens. This was changed by the observation that chlorpromazine and later reserpine were effective for reducing psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and mania. This important discovery is arguably the most important event in biological psychiatry since it provided a means for understanding a psychiatric disorder through a therapeutic agent. That is, if one could understand the mechanism of action of the therapeutic agent, there is potential for gaining an understanding of the illness itself.
The Tekkotsu robotics development environment

Tekkotsu has grown from a specialized framework for development on the Sony Aibo to a general purpose robotics development environment with support for a variety of hardware, algorithms for autonomous operation, virtual simulation, and associated curriculum for undergraduate education. This paper describes the implementation of these features, provides examples of their use in research and education, and draws a comparison with other popular open-source robotics frameworks.
Longitudinal Swelling of Permanently Set Wool Fibers

The longitudinal swelling of permanently set wool fibers was measured by a desorption method as a function of the time the fibers were held in the extended state. It was found that, after a setting treatment involving extensions below 40%. the longitudinal swelling, following an initial rapid increase, was independent of setting time and the dimensional changes of the fiber resulting from the setting process. At a setting ex tension of 60%, a maximum in longitudinal swelling is reached, which is followed by a rapid decrease and then by a gradual decrease with increasing times of setting. The results are interpreted in terms of differences in the stabilization mechanism for the extended configuration, depending on the strain level. Elimination of free sulfhydryl groups, before the fibers are released from extension, decreases chain mobility and, therefore, decreases disordering during the subsequent recovery step.
The neurology of aviation, underwater, and space environments.

Clinical neurology is the study of disease and dysfunction of the nervous system in our normal environment. Our normal environment is considered 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure and has a gaseous composition of 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. Aerospace and underwater neurology focus on the function of a normal nervous system exposed to environmental conditions other than those encountered in our normal standard conditions. Clinical considerations in these environments include the toxic effects of changes in atmospheric pressure and considerations of safety for aviators and scuba divers with neurologic disease. This article provides a brief overview of the environmental factors encountered in aviation, underwater, and space environments that are most implicated in neurologic dysfunction. A comprehensive review is beyond the scope of this venue. Each of these environments has unique environmental factors related to neurologic dysfunction; there also are features shared between environments (Table 1). Environmental factors unique to the aviation environment are hypoxia and acceleration. Common environmental factors that affect the aviation and underwater environments are the effects of pressure and decompression. A unique factor of the underwater environment is the effect of gases at depth. The distinguishing feature of the space environment is microgravity.
Oasis: The superhilac on-line isotope separator☆

Abstract An on-line isotope separator at the Berkeley SuperHILAC is described. It is based on a gas-cooled target coupled with a surface ion source or with a newly developed space-charge compensated electron-bombardment source. Compound nucleus and damped reactions can be used for isotope production. The analyzing magnet is a 180° sector field with a field index of 0.5. Several operating features described include beam intensity measurements and computer control, and the detection systems. Some preliminary off-line and on-line results are reported.
Using descriptions of trees in a tree adjoining grammar

This paper describes a new interpretation of Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAG) that allows the embedding of TAG in the unification framework in a manner consistent with the declarative approach taken in this framework. In the new interpretation we present in this paper, the objects manipulated by a TAG are considered to be descriptions of trees. This is in contrast to the traditional view that in a TAG the composition operations of adjoining and substitution combine trees. Borrowing ideas from Description Theory, we propose quasi-trees as a means to represent partial descriptions of trees. Using quasi-trees, we are able to justify the definition of feature structure-based Tree Adjoining Grammars (FTAG) that was first given in Vijay-Shanker (1987) and Vijay-Shanker and Joshi (1988). In the definition of the FTAG formalism given here, we argue that a grammar manipulates descriptions of trees (i.e., quasi-trees); whereas the structures derived by a grammar are trees that are obtained by taking the minimal readings of such descriptions. We then build on and refine the earlier version of FTAG, give examples that illustrate the usefulness of embedding TAG in the unification framework, and present a logical formulation (and its associated semantics) of FTAG that shows the separation between descriptions of well-formed structures and the actual structures that are derived, a theme that is central to this work. Finally, we discuss some questions that are raised by our new interpretation of the TAG formalism: questions dealing with the nature and definition of the adjoining operation (in contrast to substitution), its relation to multi-component adjoining, and the distinctions between auxiliary and initial structures.
The economic consequences of the peace: Keynes and correlation

Abstract The Allies' decision to enforce the reparations agreement in the Treaty of Versailles is examined as a Bayesian game where the Allies are uncertain about Germany's capacity to pay reparations. The initial decision to enforce the Treaty is shown to be the Bayes/Nash equilibrium of the game. Subsequent revisions consistent with Keynes' interpretation of the Treaty satisfy the conditions of communication equilibrium. As such, the revisions are strategically justified as equilibria that are consistent with the Allies' (and Keynes') discussions on how to revise the Treaty.
The global financial crisis and development thinking

The global financial crisis has not only dealt a major blow to the global economy, but also shaken confidence in economic management in the developed world and the economic models that guide it. The crisis has revealed major market failures, especially in the housing bubble and its transmission to the financial system, but also glaring state failures that propagated and exacerbated the crisis. Will the events of the past two years lead to major shifts in thinking about development economics, and should they? This paper assesses that question for several key domains of development thinking, including the market-state balance, macroeconomic management, globalization, development financing, and public spending. On the one hand, changed global circumstances and new awareness of vulnerability should lead to some policy changes, as developing countries take steps to reduce and buffer risks, including risks generated in developed countries. At the same time, the crisis should largely reinforce the Post-Washington Consensus on development that has emerged over the past decade -- a world view that aims to achieve private sector-driven growth but sees a facilitating role for the state, promotes engaging with the global economy in ways that advance development, and values pragmatism, experimentation, and evidence-based policymaking over ideology.
Monitoring Eruptive Activity at Mount St. Helens with TIR Image Data

Thermal infrared (TIR) data from the MASTER airborne imaging spectrometer were acquired over Mount St. Helens in Sept and Oct, 2004, before and after the onset of recent eruptive activity. Pre-eruption data showed no measurable increase in surface temperatures before the first phreatic eruption on Oct 1. MASTER data acquired during the initial eruptive episode on Oct 14 showed maximum temperatures of similar to approximately 330 C and TIR data acquired concurrently from a Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR) camera showed maximum temperatures similar to approximately 675 C, in narrow (approximately 1-m) fractures of molten rock on a new resurgent dome. MASTER and FLIR thermal flux calculations indicated a radiative cooling rate of approximately 714 J/m(exp 2)/s over the new dome, corresponding to a radiant power of approximately 24 MW. MASTER data indicated the new dome was dacitic in composition, and digital elevation data derived from LIDAR acquired concurrently with MASTER showed that the dome growth correlated with the areas of elevated temperatures. Low SO2 concentrations in the plume combined with sub-optimal viewing conditions prohibited quantitative measurement of plume SO2. The results demonstrate that airborne TIR data can provide information on the temperature of both the surface and plume and the composition of new lava during eruptive episodes. Given sufficient resources, the airborne instrumentation could be deployed rapidly to a newly-awakening volcano and provide a means for remote volcano monitoring.
Computed tomographic imaging protocol for the canine cervical and lumbar spine

Computed tomography (CT) has been applied previously for assessment of canine spinal disease using a multitude of different technical imaging parameters. The purpose of this study was to establish an optimized imaging protocol for the cervical and lumbar canine spine using a single-detector-row helical CT unit. Thin slice thickness (1-2mm), low pitch (axial scan mode, helical pitch <2), and medium-frequency image reconstruction algorithm significantly improved the visibility of the intervertebral disk and spinal cord. Tube current, helical reconstruction interval, and the use of an additional edge enhancement filter had no significant effect on the visibility of the intervertebral disk and spinal cord. There was also no interaction between the use of an additional edge enhancement filter and image reconstruction algorithm. Use of an additional edge enhancement filter introduced a double ring artifact in the periphery of the spinal canal lumen that did not correspond to the spinal cord or pachymeningeal margin.
Trapezoid self-scheduling: a practical scheduling scheme for parallel compilers

A practical processor self-scheduling scheme, trapezoid self-scheduling, is proposed for arbitrary parallel nested loops in shared-memory multiprocessors. Generally, loops are the richest source of parallelism in parallel programs. To dynamically allocate loop iterations to processors, one may achieve load balancing among processors at the expense of run-time scheduling overhead. By linearly decreasing the chunk size at run time, the best tradeoff between the scheduling overhead and balanced workload can be obtained in the proposed trapezoid self-scheduling approach. Due to its simplicity and flexibility, this approach can be efficiently implemented in any parallel compiler. The small and predictable number of chores also allow efficient management of memory in a static fashion. The experiments conducted in a 96-node Butterfly GP-1000 clearly show the advantage of the trapezoid self-scheduling over other well-known self-scheduling approaches. >
The different dimensions of dynamicity

In a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, a 'fabric' of overlay links helps peers discover and use other peers' resources. This fabric, however, is highly dynamic and constantly changing. While different measures of dynamicity have been implicitly and explicitly proposed, there is lack of deeper understanding about the various aspects of dynamicity. We systematically evaluate and quantify different dimensions of dynamicity through controlled generation of different dynamic networks. We also introduce a new dimension of dynamicity, persistence, which quantifies stable nodes in a network. This measure could be quite useful in the design and testing of P2P protocols that exploit the presence of stable nodes. Also, quite coincidentally, and to our surprise, a certain type of dynamic network that we designed has node degree properties that resemble those observed in social networks.
Simulating association studies

Motivation: Reductions in genotyping costs have heightened interest in performing whole genome association scans and in the fine mapping of candidate regions. Improvements in study design and analytic techniques will require the simulation of datasets with realistic patterns of linkage disequilibrium and allele frequencies for typed SNPs. Methods: We describe a general approach to simulate genotyped datasets for standard case-control or affected child trio data, by resampling from existing phased datasets. The approach allows for considerable flexibility in disease models, potentially involving a large number of interacting loci. The method is most applicable for diseases caused by common variants that have not been under strong selection, a class specifically targeted by the International HapMap project. Results: Using the three population Phase I/II HapMap data as a testbed for our approach, we have implemented the approach in HAP-SAMPLE, a web-based simulation tool. Availability: The web-based tool is available at http://www.hapsample.org Contact:fwright@bios.unc.edu; fzou@bios.unc.edu;kirk@med.unc.edu
A paper-digital interface for information capture and display in time-critical medical work

We conducted a study in a pediatric trauma center to elicit design requirements for the TraumaPen system—a mixed paper-digital interface using a digital pen and a wall display—to support situation awareness during trauma resuscitation. In this paper, we describe the field research that informed the initial system prototype and then present findings from two studies in which the prototype was used to further explore the application area. Our results showed the potential for digital pen technology in supporting teamwork in the dynamic and safety-critical setting of the trauma bay, but also revealed several limitations of this technology. We conclude by discussing challenges and requirements for the use of paper-digital interfaces in assisting fast-paced, collaborative work processes.
The Elements of Industrial Relations

The article presents a review of the book “The Elements of Industrial Relations,” by Jack Barbash.
Integrating digital design and architecture during the past three decades

This paper proposes a framework for understanding the integration of design and digital technologies in architectural practice and academia. A compelling narrative is developed based on "contextual inquiries" and "exploratory observations" of the six-year research. The model is devised to submerge the reader into understanding not only how we use the technology, but also how we consume it. Two parallel stories are presented. Practice has "consumed" the technology to modernize its skills, and later revamp their design-build work processes. An emerging portion of academia is presenting a broader critique. Classrooms are computerized in an attempt to expand the realm of architectural design into the various spatial dimensions of digital phenomena.
Effect of gabapentin on nausea induced by chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer

In an anecdotal report, complete resolution of chemotherapy-induced nausea was seen in a patient with breast cancer, after she was placed on the anticonvulsant gabapentin. On this basis, we did an open-label study in which oral gabapentin 300 mg thrice daily was given for every other chemotherapy treatment in nine patients with breast cancer. Six of the nine reported at least a three-point improvement in peak delayed nausea (on an eight-point nausea scale), and three patients had complete resolution of nausea when taking gabapentin. This preliminary evidence shows that gabapentin might have a role in treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea.
PATTERNS OF CORTICOSTERONE SECRETION IN MIGRATING SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS AT A MAJOR SPRING STOPOVER SITE

Abstract Seasonal changes in corticosterone metabolism may be in part responsible for mediating the changes in nutrient reserves before and during migration. To investigate the role of glucocorticoids in the migratory physiology of Semipalmated Sandpipers (Calidris pusilla), we compared plasma levels of corticosterone in response to capture and handling stress during prolonged stopovers in Delaware Bay during spring 1996 and 1997. Although Semipalmated Sandpipers showed significant stress responses to handling in both years, the magnitude of the response was significantly lower in 1997. We found no correlation between energetic condition and initial corticosterone concentration in either year, or between energetic condition and corticosterone concentration in samples collected 30 min after capture in 1996. However, energetic condition was positively correlated with corticosterone concentration in 30 min sample collected in 1997. Between-year differences in regression functions of energetic condition by Ju...
We Make Change: Community Organizers Talk About What They Do—and Why, by K. L. Szakos & J. Szakos

Writing We Make Change was obviously a labor of love for its authors. Their connection to the field shines through in interviews with 81 community organizers from across the United States. These na...
The Enumeration and Classification of Knots and Links

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the theoretical and practical aspects of link classification, with special emphasis on the mathematics involved in recent, large-scale link tabulations. A link is a disjoint union of knots in S3, considered up to homeomorphisms taking one link to another. In the case of links having multiple components, it is important to consider which components are chosen to be connected together. But additional, more subtle, problems can exist because of one's choice of link equivalence. A crossing in a link diagram is nugatory if there is a circle in the projection plane that meets the diagram transversely only at that crossing. A nugatory crossing can clearly be removed by a flype (or by a single Type I Reidemeister move). A diagram that has no nugatory crossings is called reduced. A link is alternating if it is represented by a diagram whose crossings alternate, over-under-over-under and so on, as traveling around the components takes place. Once a table of prime knots and links has been found, these can then be connected and summed together in all possible ways to obtain the composite links.
A mitosis-sensing caspase activation platform? New insights into the PIDDosome

In contrast to the apoptosome and death-inducing signaling complex, the PIDDosome remains an orphan caspase activation platform unassigned to a specific apoptotic pathway. We found that DNA damage-induced PIDDosome formation is blocked by the mitotic checkpoint factor BUBR1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazole-related 1), via a direct interaction that disrupts the PIDDosome core scaffold. This inhibition occurs at the kinetochore, thus physically connecting the mitotic and apoptotic machineries.
Micromechanics of Deformation and Fracture in Low Symmetry Layered Materials

Deformation microstructures in {gamma}-TiAl + {alpha}{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}Al based low symmetry layered materials, with fully lamellar (FL) microstructures, have been simulated using micro-mechanical methods. In this particular effort the authors embed the specific contributions of scale and temperature dependent plastic anisotropies of individual colonies of Poly Synthetically Twinned (PST) lamellar TiAl and demonstrate their effect on overall deformation and fracture response.
Perinephric abscesses in the neurologically impaired.

Study design: Retrospective chart review. Objectives: To document the occurrence and management of large perinephric abscesses in neurologically impaired patients at high risk for this infectious complication. Setting: US Veterans Affairs hospital. Methods: The records, radiographs, operative findings and outcomes of all patients who presented with perinephric abscesses evident on physical exam within the last 5 years were reviewed. Results: Four patients presented with large perinephric abscesses evident on physical examination. All had severe neurologic impairment with high sensory levels; three had spinal cord injuries, one had advanced multiple sclerosis. All had neurogenic bladders and recurrent urinary tract infections. The diagnosis was made through a combination of history, physical examination and computed tomography (CT) examination. All were found to have upper tract obstruction. All were managed with immediate abscess drainage and three had elective nephrectomy once the infection had resolved. No patients died of their perinephric abscess. Conclusions: These four cases illustrate that although advances in antibiotics, imaging and percutaneous management have improved the speed of diagnosis and reduced the mortality in patients with perinephric abscesses, the neurologically impaired population continues to remain at significant risk for the development and the delayed diagnosis of these morbid renal infections. Spinal Cord (2001) 39, 477–481.
Iodide Chemistry in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Making and Breaking I−I Bonds for Solar Energy Conversion

The photo-oxidation of iodide (I−) results in the formation of I−I bonds relevant to solar energy conversion. The making (and breaking) of I−I bonds is specifically important to the operation of high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. In this Perspective, the redox chemistry of iodide in aqueous solution is briefly reviewed, followed by recent photoinduced studies in nonaqueous solution. Analogous to thermal electron-transfer studies, two mechanisms have been identified for photodriven I−I bond formation in solution. With regard to breaking I−I bonds, the photodriven cleavage of I−I bonds has been quantified by the reduction of diiodide (I2•−) and triiodide (I3−). Studies at the solution-semiconductor interface present in dye-sensitized solar cells have also revealed that I−I bonds are formed, and I2•− is a product of iodide oxidation. Rapid disproportionation of I2•− to yield I3− and I− products that are not easily reduced by electrons injected into TiO2 is proposed to be key to the success of the I−...
New functions for mucosal IgA

The concept of a mucosal barrier function for secretory IgA is well established.1–3 In this role lumenal IgA serves to prevent exogenous antigens, including microorganisms, from attaching to and penetrating the epithelial lining of mucous membranes and helps to promote their degradation and excretion. Our recent work4,5 in vitro has provided evidence suggesting that mucosal IgA can function in host defense at two additional levels: (a) intracellularly within the mucosal epithelium and (b) within the lamina propria. In the former locus, as IgA passes through the epithelial cell on its way to the secretions, if it should encounter the specific antigens of an intracellular pathogen, it has the potential to neutralize the pathogen. In the latter locus, IgA antibody bound to specific antigen within the lamina propria can excrete the antigen as an immune complex by following the same transepithelial route as free dimeric IgA. Here we shall present some of the kinds of data that support these concepts.
Substance Use Disorders Intervention with LGBT Elders

Substance use disorders (SUDs) and mental health problems frequently co-occur. SUDs are one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses in older adults. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss SUDs among LGBT elders. Information is presented on the scope of SUDs, prevalence and patterns of use, SUDs and aging comorbidity, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of LGBT elders. This chapter provides the reader with a baseline for understanding issues that impact and influence LGBT elders’ substance use. There is no suggestion that LGBT status is synonymous with addiction or mental illness disorders. Thus, the chapter explores the extent to which SUDs exist among LGBT elders.
A Novel ENU-Induced Mutation in Myo6 Causes Vestibular Dysfunction and Deafness

Mouse N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis has generated many useful animal models for human diseases. Here we describe the identification of a novel ENU-induced mouse mutant strain Turner (Tur) that displays circling and headtossing behavior and progressive hearing loss. Tur/Tur homozygous animals lack Preyer and righting reflexes and display severe headtossing and reaching response defect. We mapped the Tur mutation to a critical region of 11 cM on chromosome 9 that includes myosin VI. Direct sequence analysis revealed a c.820A>T substitution in exon 8 of the Myo6 gene that changes amino acid Asn200 to Ile (p.N200I) in the motor domain. Analysis of inner ear hair cells by immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy and histology revealed degeneration of hair cells in the inner ear and structural malformation of the stereocilia in the cochlea of Turner homozygous mutant mice. Our data indicate that this novel mouse strain provides a useful model for future studies on the function of myosin VI in mammalian auditory and non-auditory systems and in human syndromes.
Rhabdomyoma of the heart in both of a set of twins.

A case of congenital multiple rhabdomyoma of the heart in both of a set of twins of like sex is presented. A separated diamnionic dichorionic placenta was found. However because both twins had the same sex, the same color of eyes, the same blood group and very similar plantar prints pattern they were considered MZ. Twin A died after 10 days becouse of intractable heart failure. Twin B died one hour after birth of hydrops fetalis. The autopsies showed the presence of multiple rabdomyoma in the walls of both hearts and in Twin B a widely patent ductus arteriosus. No other extracardiac anomalies were noted. The diagnosis of rhabdomyoma of the heart, as is usual, was not made. It should be suspected in any infant who shows evidence of cardiac disease. On the other hand, this first case, known so far in the world literature of congenital rhabdomyoma of the heart in both twins could be an important contribution to the knowledge of the nature of this so discussed lesion.