cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Roots of Policy: Kaunitz in Italy and the Netherlands, 1742–1746

Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rittberg is generally recognized as the principal architect of the “Diplomatic Revolution” of 1756 and as one of the greatest statesmen of his day, yet there have been curiously few attempts to describe and analyze the process by which he rose to such eminence. In the available historical literature Kaunitz usually first appears on the scene at the peace congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), although there are occasional references to his earlier diplomatic career. Nineteenth-century historians assumed that Kaunitz's experiences at Aix-la-Chapelle provided the insight which finally led him to propose the reversal of alliances. Adolph Beer, for example, asserted that Kaunitz's enmity towards England was born at Aix-la-Chapelle and that the policy of 1755 first entered his mind in 1748. Though twentieth-century historians have tended to de-emphasize the revolutionary nature of the reversal of alliances and so have been less willing to accept the easy equation that Aix-la-Chapelle produced the diplomatic change of 1756, there has been no systematic examination of the development of the new diplomatic policy in Kaunitz's own mind. While it might be said that the development of that policy represents merely the ordinary maturation of a diplomat, the growth of understanding, the fact is that few of his contemporaries possessed such understanding. It therefore seems of some value to know how this master diplomat matured.
Jump embeddings in the turing degrees

Since its introduction in [K1-Po], the upper semilattice of Turing degrees has been an object of fascination to practitioners of the recursion-theoretic art. Starting from relatively simple concepts and definitions, it has turned out to be a structure of enormous complexity and richness. This paper is a contribution to the ongoing study of this structure.Much of the work on Turing degrees may be formulated in terms of the embeddability of certain first-order structures in a structure whose universe is some set of degrees and whose relations, functions, and constants are natural degree-theoretic ones. Thus, for example, we know that if {P, ≤P) is a partial ordering of cardinality at most ℵ1 which is locally countable—each point has at most countably many predecessors—then there is an embeddingwhere D is the set of all Turing degrees and <T is Turing reducibility. If (P, ≤P) is a countable partial ordering, then the image of the embedding may be taken to be a subset of R, the set of recursively enumerable degrees. Without attempting to make the notion completely precise, we shall call embeddings of the first sort global, in contrast to local embeddings which impose some restrictions on the image set.
The isolation of 31-norcyclolaudenone from Musa sapientum.

Abstract The triterpene ketone 31-norcyclolaudenone has been isolated in high yields from banana peel ( Musa sapientum , L.). This triterpene is also a major lipid of the stalk and rhizome, while a smaller amount is found in the leaves and pulp of the banana plant.
Angiotensin II AT1 Receptor Blockade Decreases Brain Artery Inflammation in a Stress‐Prone Rat Strain

The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are a genetically hypertensive strain with vulnerability to brain ischemia and stress. In SHR, the brain Angiotensin II (Ang II) system is chronically stimulated, resulting in brain artery remodeling and inflammation. Pretreatment with Ang II AT(1) receptor antagonists protects from brain ischemia and prevents the hormonal and sympathoadrenal response to stress. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of AT(1) receptor antagonists are partially responsible for preventing the development of stress-induced gastric ulcers. We asked whether AT(1) receptor antagonists could exert anti-inflammatory effects in the brain vasculature as a mechanism for their protective effects against ischemia. As determined by immunohistochemistry, long-term inhibition of brain AT(1) receptors by peripheral administration of the AT(1) receptor antagonist candesartan (0.3 mg/kg/day for 28 days) normalized the pathologic remodeling, decreased expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the number of associated macrophages, and normalized the endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in cerebral vessels of SHR. The anti-inflammatory effects of AT(1) receptor antagonists may be an important mechanism for protection against ischemia and could participate in the anti-stress properties of this class of compounds.
Single unit and population responses during inhibitory gating of striatal activity in freely moving rats.

The striatum is thought to be an essential region for integrating diverse information in the brain. Rapid inhib- itory gating (IG) of sensory input is most likely an early factor necessary for appropriate integration to be completed. Gat- ing is currently evaluated in clinical settings and is dramati- cally altered in a variety of psychiatric illnesses. Basic neu- roscience research using animals has revealed specific neu- ral sites involved in IG including the hippocampus, thalamus, brainstem, amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. The present study investigated local IG in the basal ganglia struc- ture of the striatum using chronic recording microwires. We obtained both single unit activations and local field potentials (LFPs) in awake behaving rats from each wire during the standard two-tone paradigm. Single units responded with different types of activations including a phasic and sus- tained excitation, an inhibitory response and a combination response that contained both excitatory and inhibitory com- ponents. IG was observed in all the response types; however, non-gating was observed in a large proportion of responses as well. Positive wave field potentials at 50-60 ms post- stimulus (P60) showed consistent gating across the wire arrays. No significant correlations were found between single unit and LFP measures of gating during the initial baseline session. Gating was strengthened (Tamp/Camp ratios ap- proaching 0) following acute stress (saline injection) at both the single unit and LFP level due to the reduction in the response to the second tone. Alterations in sensory re- sponding reflected by changes in the neural response to the initial tone were primarily observed following long-term internal state deviation (food deprivation) and during gen- eral locomotion. Overall, our results support local IG by single neurons in striatum but also suggest that rapid inhibition is not the dominant activation profile observed in other brain regions. © 2007 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Testcross performance of semiexotic inbred lines derived from Latin American maize accessions

Tropical maize (Zea mays L.) represents the most diverse readily available source of germplasm to broaden the limited genetic base of temperate maize in the USA. One objective of this study was to determine if exotic-derived alleles contributing to enhanced testcross agronomic performance were maintained in semiexotic lines created by inbreeding and pedigree selection. A second objective was to determine if first-generation semiexotic lines could produce hybrids with agronomic performance comparable to commercial U.S. hybrids. One hundred sixty-four semiexotic inbred lines were developed from crosses between temperate-adapted inbred line Mo44 and 23 Latin American maize accessions. Mo44 and each semiexotic line were testcrossed to temperate hybrid LH132 × LH51 for evaluations. In first-stage replicated yield trials, testcrosses of 18 semiexotic lines, representing six different races, had significantly greater grain yields than the Mo44 testcross. Advanced yield evaluations were performed on check entries and 33 selected semiexotic line testcrosses in three additional environments. Across 10 environments, 12 semiexotic line testcrosses exhibited significantly greater grain yield than the Mo44 testcross, indicating recovery of favorable exotic alleles. Semiexotic testcrosses were not competitive with commercial hybrids for grain yield but were similar to or better than commercial hybrids for grain moisture and lodging resistance. Many superior accessions represent relatively recent introductions into regions from which they were collected. Tropical landraces seem to be a good source of exotic germplasm that can be used to broaden the genetic base of modern U.S. maize production and improve productivity.
Securing professional careers through structured interactions between higher education and the work-place

A graduate engineer today can expect to have four to six different types of work in his/her career. Preparing for the future is a continual process, and without proper preparation a plateaued status is imminent increasing vulnerability to a RIF. Sometimes stagnation and RIFs are inevitable if an organization fails to meet competition, but these situations can be minimized through strategic preparation by both employers and professional employees. The thesis of this paper is that the best preparation for both career stability and advancement of professionals and organizational profitability is planned integration of academic and on-the-job learning experiences. >
A SIMPLE 2-TRANSISTOR TOUCH OR LICK DETECTOR CIRCUIT

An easily constructed and inexpensive battery operated circuit is described for use as a lickometer or contact detector in behavioral studies with rodents.
THE ORGANIZATION OF FLIGHT MUSCLE FIBERS IN THE ODONATA

The cytological organization of flight muscle fibers of Odonata has been investigated. These fibers, in representatives of the Zygoptera and Anisoptera, have been compared and found to be similar, except that, in the former, pairs of lamellar fibrils, rather than single fibrils, alternate with the mitochondria. In each instance, in these synchronous muscles, the actin filaments of the myofibrils are found to lie opposite to and midway between pairs of myosin filaments—a configuration previously reported in asynchronous flight muscle fibers. The disposition of the T system and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes in glutaraldehyde-fixed anisopteran muscle is described in detail: the T system tubules are shown to be radially continuous across the fiber, and are derived as openmouthed invaginations from the surface cell-membrane. The detailed organization of the dyad junctions between these tubules and the adjoining cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is described. The accessibility of the T system interior to diffusion exchange with the general extracellular milieu has been investigated by studies on the penetration of ferritin into the fiber: molecules of this marker have been found to diffuse solely along the T system tubules, and their presence in the tubule extremities adjoining the centrally placed nuclei confirms the morphological evidence suggesting that these tubules provide open diffusion channels extending across the radius of the fiber. The possible physiological role of these membrane components and their distribution in synchronous muscles of insects and vertebrates and in asynchronous insect flight muscle are discussed.
Peptide Vaccines Against Cancer

Much recent progress has been made in the identification of new tumor antigens and their epitopes that may serve as potential cancer vaccines. Many of these have been studied as synthetic peptide vaccines corresponding to epitopes identified as presented by particular common human class I HLA molecules, especially HLAA2.1, the most common human class I molecule. Although a number of strategies for immunization against cancer have been investigated, no strategy targeting a specific antigen has yet proven consistently more clinically effective than synthetic peptides. Peptides have the advantage that they can be easily modified by epitope enhancement to improve binding to the MHC molecule or the T cell receptor, and they can be combined with cytokines, chemokines, and costimulatory molecules to increase vaccine potency and steer the responses toward a desired phenotype, such as CTL or Th1 cells. Peptides can also be coated onto dendritic cells, the ultimate professional antigen presenting cell, to bypass any defect in antigen-presenting cell function or maturation related to the presence of the cancer. Thus, as both research tools and as potential clinical vaccines, synthetic peptides remain at the forefront of research in the vaccine immunotherapy of cancer.
Automated protocol modeling and verification combining an entity-based specification language and Petri nets

An approach for automated modeling and verification of communication protocols is presented. A language that specifies input/output behavior of protocol entities is introduced as the starting point, and some verification of the specifications is discussed. Further verification is aided by translation of the specifications to a timed Petri net model. >
How important is palliative care

How important is palliative care? An integrative approach which embraces the administration of both antineoplastic therapy and palliative care is encouraged—but has only sparingly been tested. Yet the rationale for such an integrative approach remains strong: the multidimensional needs of the cancer patient seem best addressed by multidisciplinary teams that incorporate the expertise of both cancer and palliative care specialists. This rationale prompted Temel and others to conduct a randomized, controlled study to examine the effects of concurrent palliative care in patients who were receiving antineoplastic therapy for metastatic non–small cell lung cancer.
Open-loop transmit diversity for CDMA forward link

Open-loop transmit diversity (TD) methods for the third generation (3G) CDMA cellular standards are briefly described. These solutions are based on orthogonal signal transmission from the base station to reduce same-cell interference. The performance enhancement due to this orthogonal signal transmission is studied and it is compared with traditional schemes. Performance bounds based on the Shannon capacity limit are also given to compare and contrast several fundamental differences among the TD methods.
RHIC Operational Status

As the first hadron accelerator and collider consisting of two independent superconducting rings RHIC has operated with a wide range of beam energies and particle species. Machine operation and performance will be reviewed that includes high luminosity gold-on-gold and copper-on-copper collisions at design beam energy (100 GeV/u), asymmetric deuteron-on-gold collisions as well as high energy polarized proton-proton collisions (100 GeV on 100 GeV). Plans for future upgrades of RHIC will also be discussed.
Classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms: a controversial issue coming to an end?

The classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms has been one of the most controversial issues in tumor pathology. There are two opposing schools of pathologists holding different views regarding the classification of thymic epithelial neoplasms. One school of pathologists believe that histological classification of thymomas is not possible or useful. Another school of pathologists believe that thymomas can be histologically subclassified despite their complex histomorphology and that these histological subtypes correlate with their aggressiveness and clinical behavior. A compromised histological classification has been established by World Health Organization (WHO) to designate thymic epithelial neoplasms with letters and numbers. This classification should be adopted internationally to facilitate the communication among concerned pathologists and oncologists. A simple histological classification of thymomas based on cytomorphology and supported by cytokeratin expressions is proposed and compared to the WHO and Muller-Hermelink's histogenetic classifications.
Effect of technological breakthroughs on electronic markets

Electronic markets have profoundly affected competition and market structures. Many authors have argued that electronic markets can promote competition and increase allocational efficiency, primarily by reducing buyer and seller search costs. However, conventional competitive models do not explain several phenomena we actually observe in electronic markets. Consequently, a variety of researchers have introduced complications to the basic competitive search model, including asymmetric information, branding and product differentiation, network effects, and agency considerations in order to explain e-commerce behavior. However, most previous studies neglect the fact that such characteristics may reflect underlying market evolution processes. Depending upon the evolutionary pattern of a market, the behavior and performance of markets differ. In this paper, we construct a model to examine e-commerce in the framework of dynamic market evolution. Using a system of replicator dynamics, we split a market into two distinct parts and show that the competition within the two segments will follow different, though interrelated evolutionary patterns. We supply the conditions for the existence of a unique global stable equilibrium in this dynamical system. Our model suggests that exogenous increases in online customers triggered by technological breakthrough often play more important roles than price differentials in determining the evolutionary path of a market. By emphasizing the short term disequilibrium along the market evolution path, our study complements the competitive equilibrium view of electronic market.
The purpose-driven network: Optimizing wireless network configurations through value-of-information modeling

Military and public safety personnel have reasonably predictable behaviors, which imply predictable communication patterns with arguably separable components. During critical operations, mission-related communications should take priority over all other traffic. Even within this category there exist classes of traffic (e.g., situational awareness, command and control) that have distinctive patterns of localization and information reuse, depending on an organizationpsilas operational processes. Modeling and simulation (M&S) is useful in determining sources, sinks and criticalities by breaking and retarding selected information streams and examining the impact on downstream decisions and organizational responses. The results of such analysis can provide the framework and constraints for determining which network configurations optimize the value of traffic for a host of missions.
Orthodontic treatment and masticatory muscle exercises to correct a Class I open bite in an adult patient

Diagnosing and treating an open bite malocclusion in an adult is a challenge for the clinical orthodontist. Patients with skeletal vertical growth patterns, typical of open bite malocclusions, exhibit common morphological and functional characteristics, including long anterior face height, short posterior face height, large mandibular plane and gonial angles, increased dentoalveolar height, marked antegonial notching, downward tipping to the posterior maxilla, and anterior open bite. Functionally, hyperdivergent patients typically have weak bite forces, and smaller, less efficient muscles. Control of the vertical dimension by intruding both maxillary and mandibular molars and facilitating counterclockwise rotation of the mandible is key to managing open bite malocclusion. Some studies have shown morphological improvements in children with open bites who do chewing exercises, and others have demonstrated significant forward mandibular autorotation. In this case report, we discuss open bite treatment that included a combination of anterior vertical elastics to extrude the maxillary and mandibular incisors and clenching exercises to intrude the maxillary and mandibular molars.
Unique Research Challenges for High-Speed Civil Transports

Market growth and technological advances are expected to lead to a generation of long-range transports that cruise at supersonic or even hypersonic speeds. Current NASA/industry studies will define the market windows in terms of time frame, Mach number, and technology requirements for these aircraft. Initial results indicate that, for the years 2000 to 2020, economically attractive vehicles could have a cruise speed up to Mach 6. The resulting research challenges are unique. They must be met with technologies that will produce commercially successful and environmentally compatible vehicles where none have existed. Several important areas of research were identified for the high-speed civil transports. Among these are sonic boom, takeoff noise, thermal management, lightweight structures with long life, unique propulsion concepts, unconventional fuels, and supersonic laminar flow.
Consequences for Children of Their Birth Planning Status

Of 1,327 children younger than two in 1986 whose mothers were participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 61% were wanted, 34% were mistimed and 5% were unwanted. Planning status is associated with the level of developmental resources the child receives at home: At ages one and older, mistimed and unwanted children score significantly lower on a scale measuring opportunity for skill development and on a scale measuring nonauthoritarian parenting style than their wanted peers; by preschool age, they also have significantly less-positive relationships with their mothers. Measures of the direct effects of planning status on development also indicate that mistimed and unwanted children are at a disadvantage: Those younger than two have higher mean scores for fearfulness than wanted infants and lower scores for positive affect; unintended preschoolers score lower on a measure of receptive vocabulary.
Characteristics, management, and midterm outcome in infants with atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia☆

Atrioventricular nodal reentry is a commonly recognized mechanism of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in adults, but is only rarely documented in the first year of life. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics, management, and outcome in infants with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Electrophysiologic studies performed between January 1988 and June 1996 were reviewed. Fifteen infants with AVNRT at 58 +/- 27 days (mean +/- SEM) were identified. Five had AVNRT detected following palliation of structural cardiac anomalies, including 4 with critical obstructions to left ventricular outflow. Typical AVNRT (ventriculoatrial interval 49 +/- 5 ms) was observed in 14 of 15 patients and atypical AVNRT (ventriculoatrial interval 191 +/- 22 ms) in 4 of 15. All patients received long-term therapy, beginning with digoxin in 13. Eight had symptomatic recurrences on digoxin and 6 of these were given beta blockers, with satisfactory control in 4. Three patients were controlled with class III agents, and 2 underwent slow pathway radiofrequency modification at ages 4.1 and 6.7 years, respectively. AVNRT was still inducible in 6 of 6 asymptomatic patients who underwent follow-up atrial stimulation studies after discontinuation of medical therapy. All 15 patients were alive with either absent or well-controlled AVNRT at age 45 +/- 7 months. We conclude that the course and outcome of AVNRT diagnosed in the first year of life are generally benign, but that a minority of patients have symptoms persisting beyond infancy. Digoxin is of questionable benefit in long-term control. AVNRT often remains inducible in asymptomatic patients, although the significance of this finding remains to be determined by long-term follow-up.
Optimal Zone (OZON) Protocol for Broadcast Control in Ad-Hoc Networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks have been envisioned as the future of wireless networking technology. Continuous efforts are being put to improve the performance of ad-hoc networks in terms of path selection, quality of service (QoS), battery efficiency and security. Various routing protocols (proactive and reactive) have been proposed in this field for selecting the best path between the source and the destination. Self Learning Ad-Hoc Routing Protocol (SARP) is one such routing protocol which tries to reduce the control overhead during the path establishment process by piggybacking the information about the intermediate nodes in every path establishment message. Broadcasting of route discovery messages is an essential process in an ad-hoc network. However, in most cases, every node rebroadcasts these messages, resulting in broadcast storms which affect the ad-hoc network performance. In this research work, the authors propose a multicast based approach, i.e., Optimal Zone (OZON) with respect to SARP routing protocol, to control the number of rebroadcasts. OZON defines an optimal zone for every node where only the nodes at the boundary of the optimal zone are allowed to rebroadcast the messages. This reduces the number of broadcast messages in an ad-hoc network to a large extent and also helps in conserving the battery power. The authors evaluate the efficiency of the proposed OZON concept by comparing the performance of OZON enabled SARP (EE-SARP) with AODV, DSR and SARP. Simulation results indicate a significant reduction in the number of control packets and energy consumption.
Splanchnic Artery Aneurysms

Autopsy studies suggest that splanchnic artery aneurysms may be more frequent than abdominal aortic aneurysms. These aneurysms are important to recognize because up to 25% may be complicated by rupture, and the mortality rate after rupture is between 25% and 70%. However, little is known about the natural history and clinical presentation of splanchnic artery aneurysms. Splenic artery aneurysms are the most common of the splanchnic artery aneurysms; multiple aneurysms are present in approximately one third of patients. Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysms are more common than true aneurysms because of increasing numbers of hepatobiliary interventional procedures. The diagnosis of splanchnic artery aneurysm should be considered in any patient with abdominal pain, a pulsatile mass, or an abdominal bruit with or without associated bleeding. However, most aneurysms are asymptomatic and are detected incidentally on imaging studies. Treatment, which can be either surgical or interventional radiology-based, should be considered in all patients with symptoms related to the aneurysms, if the aneurysm is more than 2 cm in diameter, if the patient is pregnant, or if there is demonstrated growth of the aneurysm.
Through the Eyes of the Institution: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Decision Making in Two Special Education Meetings

In this article, I present a critical discourse analysis of two Committee on Special Education meetings for one adolescent girl. Drawing on two years of ethnographic data, I look across the two meetings and demonstrate that the second-year CSE meeting is wrought with three contradictions. This article suggests the need to look to institutional discourses and cases of subjective experiences in order to understand the process of social reproduction in the anthropology of disability.
Two-Photon Imaging within the Murine Thorax without Respiratory and Cardiac Motion Artifact

Intravital microscopy has been recognized for its ability to make physiological measurements at cellular and subcellular levels while maintaining the complex natural microenvironment. Two-photon microscopy (TPM), using longer wavelengths than single-photon excitation, has extended intravital imaging deeper into tissues, with minimal phototoxicity. However, due to a relatively slow acquisition rate, TPM is especially sensitive to motion artifact, which presents a challenge when imaging tissues subject to respiratory and cardiac movement. Thoracoabdominal organs that cannot be exteriorized or immobilized during TPM have generally required the use of isolated, pump-perfused preparations. However, this approach entails significant alteration of normal physiology, such as a lack of neural inputs, increased vascular resistance, and leukocyte activation. We adapted techniques of intravital microscopy that permitted TPM of organs maintained within the thoracoabdominal cavity of living, breathing rats or mice. We obtained extended intravital TPM imaging of the intact lung, arguably the organ most susceptible to both respiratory and cardiac motion. Intravital TPM detected the development of lung microvascular endothelial activation manifested as increased leukocyte adhesion and plasma extravasation in response to oxidative stress inducers PMA or soluble cigarette smoke extract. The pulmonary microvasculature and alveoli in the intact animal were imaged with comparable detail and fidelity to those in pump-perfused animals, opening the possibility for TPM of other thoracoabdominal organs under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Stem cell therapy for the spinal cord

Injury and disease of the spinal cord are generally met with a poor prognosis. This poor prognosis is due not only to the characteristics of the diseases but also to our poor ability to deliver therapeutics to the spinal cord. The spinal cord is extremely sensitive to direct manipulation, and delivery of therapeutics has proven a challenge for both scientists and physicians. Recent advances in stem cell technologies have opened up a new avenue for the treatment of spinal cord disease and injury. Stem cells have proven beneficial in rodent models of spinal cord disease and injury. In these animal models, stem cells have been shown to produce their effect by the dual action of cell replacement and the trophic support of the factors secreted by these cells. In this review we look at the main clinical trials involving stem cell transplant into the spinal cord, focusing on motor neuron diseases and spinal cord injury. We will also discuss the major hurdles in optimizing stem cell delivery methods into the spinal cord. We shall examine current techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging guidance and cell labeling and will look at the current research striving to improve these techniques. With all caveats and future research taken into account, this is a very exciting time for stem cell transplant into the spinal cord. We are only beginning to realize the huge potential of stem cells in a central nervous system setting to provide cell replacement and trophic support. Many more trials will need to be undertaken before we can fully exploit the attributes of stem cells.
Trichostatin A effects on gene expression in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica

Histone modification regulates chromatin structure and influences gene expression associated with diverse biological functions including cellular differentiation, cancer, maintenance of genome architecture, and pathogen virulence. In Entamoeba, a deep-branching eukaryote, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) affect histone acetylation and parasite development. Additionally, a number of active histone modifying enzymes have been identified in the parasite genome. However, the overall extent of gene regulation tied to histone acetylation is not known. In order to identify the genome-wide effects of histone acetylation in regulating E. histolytica gene expression, we used whole-genome expression profiling of parasites treated with SCFA and Trichostatin A (TSA). Despite significant changes in histone acetylation patterns, exposure of parasites to SCFA resulted in minimal transcriptional changes (11 out of 9,435 genes transcriptionally regulated). In contrast, exposure to TSA, a more specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases, significantly affected transcription of 163 genes (122 genes upregulated and 41 genes downregulated). Genes modulated by TSA were not regulated by treatment with 5-Azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA-methyltransferase, indicating that in E. histolytica the crosstalk between DNA methylation and histone modification is not substantial. However, the set of genes regulated by TSA overlapped substantially with genes regulated during parasite development: 73/122 genes upregulated by TSA exposure were upregulated in E. histolytica cysts (p-value = 6 × 10-53) and 15/41 genes downregulated by TSA exposure were downregulated in E. histolytica cysts (p-value = 3 × 10-7). This work represents the first genome-wide analysis of histone acetylation and its effects on gene expression in E. histolytica. The data indicate that SCFAs, despite their ability to influence histone acetylation, have minimal effects on gene transcription in cultured parasites. In contrast, the effect of TSA on E. histolytica gene expression is more substantial and includes genes involved in the encystation pathway. These observations will allow further dissection of the effects of histone acetylation and the genetic pathways regulating stage conversion in this pathogenic parasite.
Comment on Kathryn P. Nelson's "Whose shortage of affordable housing?”

(1994). Comment on Kathryn P. Nelson's 'Whose shortage of affordable housing?”. Housing Policy Debate: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 443-458.
Increased reflux of bile into the stomach in patients with gastric ulcer.

The concentration of bile acids in the stomach was measured, both in the fasting state and after a test meal, in 10 patients with gastric ulceration of the proximal lesser curvature and in 10 matched controls. A simple method was developed for measuring total bile acid concentration in serial samples of gastric content, which involves labeling of the bile acid pool, determination of total radioactivity in serial samples, and calculation of bile acid concentration from selected determinations of specific activity. After eating food, patients with ulceration of the proximal lesser curvature had significantly higher concentrations of bile acids in the stomach than did normal subjects, and this difference was due to increased reflux of bile. Acidification of the meal favored precipitation of bile acids. However, at the onset of reflux and at its peak, a large proportion was still in solution. The proportion of labeled bile acid in solution could be significantly reduced by the addition of cholestyramine to the test meal. It is suggested that reflux of bile into the stomach may be a causative factor in gastric ulcer or, if secondary to the presence of an ulcer, may delay healing.
Maintaining The Integrity Of Turnover Measurements When There Are Layoffs

Bonuses for improvements in employee retention rates should be calculated on the actual savings due to fewer terminations and reduced replacement costs. Permanent layoffs and hiring freezes distort the turnover rate and make the normal bonus calculations invalid. A new method for calculating a manager’s bonus for reducing the turnover rate is illustrated. It isolates the number of terminations due to changes in the size of the workforce from the terminations due to the improved retention rate. The size of the savings in terminations due to the improved retention rate can be accurately measured in situations where hiring freezes negate normal calculations.
TRESSA: Teamed robots for exploration and science on steep areas: Field Reports

Long-duration robotic missions on lunar and planetary surfaces (for example, the Mars Exploration Rovers have operated continuously on the Martian surface for close to 3 years) provide the opportunity to acquire scientifically interesting information from a diverse set of surface and subsurface sites and to explore multiple sites in greater detail. Exploring a wide range of terrain types, including plains, cliffs, sand dunes, and lava tubes, requires the development of robotic systems with mobility enhanced beyond that which is currently fielded. These systems include single as well as teams of robots. TRESSA (Teamed Robots for Exploration and Science on Steep Areas) is a closely coupled three-robot team developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) that previously demonstrated the ability to drive on soil-covered slopes up to 70 deg. In this paper, we present results from field demonstrations of the TRESSA system in even more challenging terrain: rough rocky slopes of up to 85 deg. In addition, the integration of a robotic arm and instrument suite has allowed TRESSA to demonstrate semi-autonomous science investigation of the cliffs and science sample collection. TRESSA successfully traversed cliffs and collected samples at three Mars analog sites in Svalbard, Norway as part of a recent geological and astrobiological field investigation called AMASE: Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition under the NASA ASTEP (Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring Planets) program. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Evaluation of Alternative Modes of Child Psychotherapy

The increasing competition for child mental-health dollars, the related growing concern about accountability to funding agencies, and the demands of science all suggest the need for comprehensive outcome studies in which alternative modes of child psychotherapy are contrasted. Critical reviews of the child-psychotherapy literature indicate that the majority of existing comparative studies suffer from serious methodological flaws that prevent the studies from serving their intended function. The present chapter is therefore directed toward an examination of the major methodological issues in this field, which are organized under the domains of general design strategies, patient and treatment variables, choice of measures, follow-up assessments, and evaluation. Alternative strategies for the solution of methodological difficulties are discussed, and studies illustrating exemplary practices are pointed out. Cost-benefit or effectiveness analysis is discussed as a logical and necessary extension of traditional psychotherapy outcomeresearch. Finally, special attention is given to political problems associated with the conduct of comparative psychotherapy research in clinical settings.
The effect of protamine sulfate on platelet function

The adverse effects of protamine sulfate, used to neutralize the anticoagulant action of heparin, include systemic hypotension, pulmonary artery hypertension, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. For further evaluation of protamine's mechanism of action, a three-part investigation was performed. In part I platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared from canine blood samples (n = 6) taken before and 2 minutes after injection of protamine. In part II human PRP (n = 5) was preincubated with protamine or distilled water. Adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation of protamine-treated platelets was unchanged, but thrombin-induced aggregation was inhibited in both canine and human preparations (p less than 0.05). In part III thrombocytopenia was produced in splenectomized dogs (n = 5), using microporous filters, to 4.5-8.4% of the initial platelet count. Protamine reversal of the heparinization caused hypotension (maximally -29 mmHg 90 s after protamine), but not pulmonary arterial hypertension. Leukopenia developed before additional thrombocytopenia appeared. Protamine-platelet interaction inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Platelets may play an important role in the pulmonary pressure rise during protamine reversal, but do not mediate the systemic hypotension.
Nuclear serine protease activity contributes to bile acid-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes.

Glycodeoxycholate (GDC) induces apoptosis in hepatocytes by a mechanism associated with DNA cleavage by endonucleases. In many models of apoptosis, proteolysis is required prior to DNA cleavage. Ou...
Fetoscopic laser photocoagulation in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome: experience from a single institution.

Abstract Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is the commonest serious complication of monochorionic (MC) twin pregnancies, with perinatal mortality rates of up to 90% if untreated. This study aimed to review the perinatal and perioperative outcomes of MC twin pregnancies treated for TTTS by fetoscopic laser photocoagulation (FLP) since the introduction of the procedure at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, in 2011. This was a retrospective review of five consecutive patients who underwent FLP of placental anastomoses for TTTS at KK Women's and Children's Hospital from June 2011 to March 2014. FLP was offered to patients who were diagnosed with TTTS of at least Quintero Stage II before 26 weeks of gestation. Main outcome measures were perioperative complications and perinatal survival rates. Five sets of MC twin pregnancies underwent FLP during the study period - three pregnancies were diagnosed with TTTS Stage III and two pregnancies were diagnosed with TTTS Stage II. Median gestational age at initial presentation, and at the times of laser photocoagulation and delivery were 19 (range 17-20) weeks, 20 (range 19-23) weeks and 29 (range 28-34) weeks, respectively. One patient had bleeding into the amniotic cavity intraprocedurally. Overall, perinatal survival rate, double-infant survival rate and survival rate for at least one twin were 60% (6/10 fetuses), 40% (2/5 twins) and 80% (4/5 twins), respectively. FLP is a feasible treatment for TTTS, with minimal maternal complications. Perinatal survival rates of this patient group, managed at our centre, were comparable to those of international centres.
Study of the Pathogens of the Pecan Weevil Larvae

Larvae of the pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), were surveyed monthly for naturally occurring pathogens in Mississippi and Arkansas from April 1972 to May 1973. Weevil larvae pathogens found in this survey were Metarrhizium anisopliae (Metch.), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula, and Serratia marcescens Bizio.
Responsible Accounting For St. Joachims

St. Joachims is a private school district. The case explores some of the challenges organizations face when implementing appropriate responsibility accounting structures. St. Joachims is a not for profit organization struggling with change. The existing accounting reports and procedures are not consistent with the strategic change the organization is implementing. The reader must apply knowledge of responsibility accounting, budget processes, cost allocation, relevant costing, and performance evaluation to create recommendations for accounting policies that will support the organizations new strategic direction.
Machinima in a Fanvid Ecology

The author discusses machinima in relation to a proliferating family of emerging DIY fanvids, remixes, and parodies spawning on the internet today. Like many other forms of DIY video, machinima is the byproduct of the creative energies of popular culture enthusiasts, fueled by increasingly accessible digital media production tools and online video distribution. Although machinima’s roots in gaming platforms and cultures make it unique, it shares a history and future with other kinds of DIY fanvids. In this diversified ecosystem, the author concludes, the base of machinima makers will continue to expand, while expert creators will proliferate more and more esoteric niches, some of which cater to the core gaming crowd, and others that cross over to other genres.
Getting to the Core of Locus of Control: Is It an Evaluation of the Self or the Environment?

Responding to criticisms surrounding the structural validity of the higher order core self-evaluations (CSE) construct, in the current study we examined the appropriateness of including locus of control as an indicator of CSE. Drawing from both theoretical and empirical evidence, we argue that locus of control is more heavily influenced by evaluations of the environment compared with the other CSE traits. Using data from 4 samples, we demonstrate that model fit for the higher order CSE construct is better when locus of control is excluded versus included as a trait indicator and that the shared variance between locus of control and CSE is nominal. This does not mean that locus of control is irrelevant for CSE theory though. We propose that evaluations of the environment moderate the relations that CSE has with its outcomes. To test this proposition, we collected data from 4 unique samples that included a mix of student and employee participants, self- and other-ratings, and cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Our results revealed that locus of control moderated relations of CSE with life and job satisfaction, and supervisor-rated job performance. CSE had stronger, positive relations with these outcomes when locus of control is internal versus external. These findings broaden CSE theory by demonstrating one way in which evaluations of the environment interface with evaluations of the self. (PsycINFO Database Record
Race, partisanship, and perceptions of inter-minority commonality

ABSTRACTFeelings of commonality are central to the formation of multiracial political coalitions. Despite a fairly voluminous literature on where these feelings come from, however, relatively little is known about how elite messages influence individual-level perceptions of intergroup relations. This oversight is surprising given that so-called “elite opinion” theory has become “virtually orthodoxy” within political science. In order to explore the potential for opinion leadership on perceptions of commonality, this paper employs a survey experiment embedded in the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. Testing hypotheses derived from elite opinion theory, this paper finds that no one interpretation of elite opinion theory can fully account for perceptions of commonality across racial groups. Scholars of race and ethnic politics would do well in the future, therefore, to acknowledge the complex ways that racial and partisan characteristics condition an individual’s response to elite messages.
Risk assessment on occupational hazards in furniture industry of Zhongshan City

[Objective]To understand the possibility and risk of occupational diseases in furniture industry of Zhongshan City under the current situation,analyze the degree of occupational hazards in this industry by risk assessment model,provide countermeasures and basis for regulators and enterprises to reduce and avoid the occurrence of occupational diseases.[Methods]By using MES evaluation method and quantitative evaluation method,the comprehensive assessment and analysis on inherent risk factors and risk offsetting factors were conducted in 50 furniture enterprises of Zhongshan City,and its comprehensive risk was determined finally.[Results]By analyzing the questionnaires of occupational diseases in 50 furniture enterprises,the results showed that:in inherent risk factor assessment,R1 enterprise accounted for 0,R2 accounted for 10%,R3 accounted for 10%,R4 accounted for 66%,and R5 accounted for 14%.100% of enterprises were unqualified in risk offsetting factor assessment.In comprehensive risk assessment,14% were middle dangerous enterprises,66% were highly dangerous enterprises,and 20% extremely dangerous enterprises.[Conclusion]The risk of occupational hazards in furniture industry of Zhongshan City is high.Government departments must take a targeted control measures,improve the enterprises' cognition of occupational hazards,strengthen the organization and management,carry out the preventive measures,implement of the health care policy,and supervise the monitoring,to ensure the health of employees in furniture industry.
Money back guarantees for non-reproducible results?

There are better solutions to the “reproducibility crisis” in research Money back guarantees are generally unheard of in biomedicine and healthcare. Recently, the US provider Geisenger Health System, in Pennsylvania, started a programme to give patients their money back if they were dissatisfied.1 That came as quite a surprise. Soon thereafter, the chief medical officer at Merck launched an even bigger one, proposing an “incentive-based approach” to non-reproducible results—what he termed a “reproducibility crisis” that “threatens the entire biomedical research enterprise.”2 The problem of irreproducibility in biomedical research is real and has been emphasised in multiple reports.3 4 5 In the same vein, the retraction of academic papers has been rising, attributable, in nearly equal parts, to irreproducible results or data that have been falsified.6 But this problem is not confined to basic science or animal model work from academic laboratories. Clinical trials, the final common pathway for the validation and approval of new drugs, have been plagued with serious drawbacks. The bad science in clinical trials has been well documented and includes selective publication of …