cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RiboTag analysis of actively translated mRNAs in Sertoli and Leydig cells in vivo.

Male spermatogenesis is a complex biological process that is regulated by hormonal signals from the hypothalamus (GnRH), the pituitary gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and the testis (androgens, inhibin). The two key somatic cell types of the testis, Leydig and Sertoli cells, respond to gonadotropins and androgens and regulate the development and maturation of fertilization competent spermatozoa. Although progress has been made in the identification of specific transcripts that are translated in Sertoli and Leydig cells and their response to hormones, efforts to expand these studies have been restricted by technical hurdles. In order to address this problem we have applied an in vivo ribosome tagging strategy (RiboTag) that allows a detailed and physiologically relevant characterization of the “translatome” (polysome-associated mRNAs) of Leydig or Sertoli cells in vivo. Our analysis identified all previously characterized Leydig and Sertoli cell-specific markers and identified in a comprehensive manner novel markers of Leydig and Sertoli cells; the translational response of these two cell types to gonadotropins or testosterone was also investigated. Modulation of a small subset of Sertoli cell genes occurred after FSH and testosterone stimulation. However, Leydig cells responded robustly to gonadotropin deprivation and LH restoration with acute changes in polysome-associated mRNAs. These studies identified the transcription factors that are induced by LH stimulation, uncovered novel potential regulators of LH signaling and steroidogenesis, and demonstrate the effects of LH on the translational machinery in vivo in the Leydig cell.
The Incomplete Fissure Sign

Pulmonary fissures divide the lungs into lobes by means of infolded reflections of the visceral pleura (2) and are important anatomic landmarks in thoracic radiology. It is essential to know the anatomy of the fissures to recognize their appearance on conventional radiographs and CT images and to accurately assess the presence and extent of disease (3). The major fissure separates the upper and middle lobes from the lower lobe on the right and the upper lobe from the lower lobe on the left. On conventional frontal chest radiographs, Proto and Ball (4) described the major fissure as a curving contour, typically an edge with medial lucency and lateral opacity, along the superior segment of the lower lobe, termed the superolateral major fissure. This curving contour was identified in 14% of patients. The lateral opacity is believed to be due to extrapleural fat; however, pleural thickening or fluid could cause a similar or more exaggerated appearance. Fisher (5) described the following five factors that contribute to visibility of the major fissure on conventional frontal chest radiographs: volume changes causing fissural rotation, an incomplete or variant fissure with fluid, pleural thickening, adjacent consolidation, and variation in
CPC based converter control for systems with non-ideal supply voltage

In recent years there have been many strategies proposed for use of proportional plus resonant P–R controllers both in the stationary and in the synchronous reference frame that demonstrate grid-connected converter performance can be improved under non-ideal supply conditions such as supply asymmetry and supply voltage distortion. However, when employed in systems with high frequency variability such as micro-grids, the synchronization method required for operation in the synchronous reference frame or for dynamic retuning of the resonant controller may experience poor performance or even loss of phase-lock. A method is presented here based on CPC current decomposition that allows control of grid connected converters without direct supply synchronization. In this paper the proposed method is described and then performance is evaluated for systems with high frequency variability and non-ideal supply voltage conditions.
Intermittency and preferential transport of heat in a round jet

The temperature and velocity fields in a round heated jet were investigated in detail. Both conventional measurements and conditional measurements (zone averages and point averages) were performed. The probability density functions of the lengths of turbulent and non-turbulent durations were also measured. Filtered correlation measurements show that large-scale turbulent motions were responsible for the bulk of momentum and heat transport, and also that small scales were more efficient in transporting heat than in transporting momentum. In no case was heat transported further or more than momentum, however. These results are discussed in detail, particularly with regard to the entrainment. Conservation equations for turbulent-zone variables and the intermittency factor are derived and a model for some of the resulting higher-order correlations is suggested. An exact equation for the intermittency function is presented.
Macromere cell fates during sea urchin development

This paper examines the cell lineage relationships and cell fates in embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus leading to the various cell types derived from the definitive vegetal plate territory or the veg2 tier of cells. These cell types are gut, pigment cells, basal cells and coelomic pouches. They are cell types that constitute embryonic structures through cellular migration or rearrangement unlike the relatively non-motile ectoderm cell types. For this analysis, we use previous knowledge of lineage to assign macromeres to one of four types: VOM, the oral macromere; VAM, the aboral macromere, right and left VLM, the lateral macromeres. Each of the four macromeres contributes progeny to all of the cell types that descend from the definitive vegetal plate. Thus in the gut each macromere contributes to the esophagus, stomach and intestine, and the stripe of labeled cells descendant from a macromere reflects the re-arrangement of cells that occurs during archenteron elongation. Pigment cell contributions exhibit no consistent pattern among the four macromeres, and are haphazardly distributed throughout the ectoderm. Gut and pigment cell contributions are thus radially symmetrical. In contrast, the VOM blastomere contributes to both of the coelomic pouches while the other three macromeres contribute to only one or the other pouch. The total of the macromere contribution amounts to 60% of the cells constituting the coelomic pouches.
Relations, Functions, Partial Functions

We use functions all the time in mathematics and in computer science. But, what exactly is a function?
Accurate viral population assembly from ultra-deep sequencing data

Motivation: Next-generation sequencing technologies sequence viruses with ultra-deep coverage, thus promising to revolutionize our understanding of the underlying diversity of viral populations. While the sequencing coverage is high enough that even rare viral variants are sequenced, the presence of sequencing errors makes it difficult to distinguish between rare variants and sequencing errors. Results: In this article, we present a method to overcome the limitations of sequencing technologies and assemble a diverse viral population that allows for the detection of previously undiscovered rare variants. The proposed method consists of a high-fidelity sequencing protocol and an accurate viral population assembly method, referred to as Viral Genome Assembler (VGA). The proposed protocol is able to eliminate sequencing errors by using individual barcodes attached to the sequencing fragments. Highly accurate data in combination with deep coverage allow VGA to assemble rare variants. VGA uses an expectation–maximization algorithm to estimate abundances of the assembled viral variants in the population. Results on both synthetic and real datasets show that our method is able to accurately assemble an HIV viral population and detect rare variants previously undetectable due to sequencing errors. VGA outperforms state-of-the-art methods for genome-wide viral assembly. Furthermore, our method is the first viral assembly method that scales to millions of sequencing reads. Availability: Our tool VGA is freely available at http://genetics.cs.ucla.edu/vga/ Contact: ude.alcu.sc@iehgres; ude.alcu.sc@niksee
Polymorphism and polyamorphism in bilayer water confined to slit nanopore under high pressure

A distinctive physical property of bulk water is its rich solid-state phase behavior, which includes 15 crystalline (ice I-ice XIV) and at least 3 glassy forms of water, namely, low-density amorphous, high-density amorphous, and very-high-density amorphous (VHDA). Nanoscale confinement adds a new physical variable that can result in a wealth of new quasi-2D phases of ice and amorphous ice. Previous computer simulations have revealed that when water is confined between two flat hydrophobic plates about 7-9 A apart, numerous bilayer (BL) ices (or polymorphs) can arise [e.g., BL-hexagonal ice (BL-ice I)]. Indeed, growth of the BL-ice I through vapor deposition on graphene/Pt(111) substrate has been achieved experimentally. Herein, we report computer simulation evidence of pressure-induced amorphization from BL-ice I to BL-amorphous and then to BL-VHDA(2) at 250 K and 3 GPa. In particular, BL-VHDA(2) can transform into BL-VHDA(1) via decompression from 3 to 1.5 GPa at 250 K. This phenomenon of 2D polyamorphic transition is akin to the pressure-induced amorphization in 3D ice (e.g., from hexagonal ice to HDA and then to VHDA via isobaric annealing). Moreover, when the BL-ice I is compressed instantly to 6 GPa, a new very-high-density BL ice is formed. This new phase of BL ice can be viewed as an array of square ice nanotubes. Insights obtained from pressure-induced amorphization and crystallization of confined water offer a guide with which to seek a thermodynamic path to grow a new form of methane clathrate whose BL ice framework exhibits the Archimedean 4⋅8(2) (square-octagon) pattern.
Globalization, Land Use, and the Invasion of West Nile Virus

Many invasive species that have been spread through the globalization of trade and travel are pathogens. A paradigmatic case is the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999. A decade of research on the ecology and evolution of WNV includes three findings that provide insight into the outcome of future pathogen introductions. First, WNV transmission in North America is highest in urbanized and agricultural habitats, in part because the hosts and vectors of WNV are abundant in human-modified areas. Second, after its introduction, the virus quickly adapted to infect local mosquito vectors more efficiently than the originally introduced strain. Third, highly focused feeding patterns of the mosquito vectors of WNV result in unexpected host species being important for transmission. This research provides a framework for predicting and preventing the emergence of foreign vector-borne pathogens.
Mail Survey Return Rates Published in Health Education Journals: An Issue of External Validity.

Abstract This study assessed mail survey return rates published in seven general health education journals for the 13-year period, 1990–2002: American Journal of Health Behavior, American Journal of Health Education, American Journal of Health Promotion, Health Education & Behavior, Health Education Research, Journal of American College Health, and the Journal of School Health. A significant difference in mail survey return rates across the seven journals was found. Also, published mail survey return rates significantly increased from 1990–1995 (M=61.8%) to 1997–2002 (M=65.5%). All of the journals had published a noteworthy percentage (10–26%) of their mailed survey research studies with return rates of less than 50%. Finally, there was not a significant association between sample size and return rates of published mail survey studies. Researchers reporting mail survey research results in health education journals should expect to have return rates of 60% or greater. Yet, such return rates may still be co...
Susceptibility of HPV16 and 18 to high level disinfectants indicated for semi-critical ultrasound probes

Ultrasound probes used in endocavitary procedures have been shown to be contaminated with high-risk HPV after routine use and HPV is also known to be resistant to some high level disinfectants (HLDs). This study compared efficacy of two leading ultrasound probe HLD methods; liquid ortho-phthalaldehyde (Cidex® OPA) and an automated device using sonicated hydrogen peroxide (trophon® EPR) against HPV16 and HPV18 in a hard-surface carrier test. Native HPV16 and HPV18 virions were generated in organotypic epithelial raft cultures. Viral lysates were dried onto carriers with a 5% (v/v) protein soil. Efficacy tests were performed against the automated device at 35% and 31.5% H2 O2 and 0.55% OPA in quadruplicate with matched input, neutralization, and cytotoxicity controls. Hypochlorite was included as a positive control. Infectivity was determined by the abundance (qRT-PCR) of the spliced E1^E4 transcript in infected recipient cells. The automated HLD device showed excellent efficacy against HPV16 and HPV18 (>5 log10 reductions in infectivity) whereas OPA showed minimal efficacy (<0.6 log10 reductions). While HPV is highly resistant to OPA, sonicated hydrogen peroxide offers an effective disinfection solution for ultrasound probes. Disinfection methods that are effective against HPV should be adopted where possible.
High-Density Suspensions Formed Under Waves

We performed a series of laboratory experiments to investigate the interactions of a turbulent wave boundary layer with a predominantly silt-size sediment bed. Quasi-steady, turbulent, high-density suspensions (HDS) formed over a wide range of wave conditions and had near-bed (~1 mm above bed) concentrations ranging from 17 to 81 g/l scaling roughly with the wave orbital velocity. HDS were defined by the presence of a lutocline, an abrupt change in vertical concentration gradient. Despite the initial bed being 70% silt and 20% sand, HDS had significant near-bed sand fractions ranging from 27 to 78%. Winnowing of the bed caused more concentrated HDS to be coarser grained, which in turn caused the suspensions to be thinner because of the greater settling velocity of the sediment. Our experiments are consistent with a dynamic feedback model where suspended sediment is limited through sediment-induced stratification expressed with a bulk Richardson number. However, our computed values of the bulk Richardson number converge to a value that is an order of magnitude less than the critical value of 0.25 that is typically assumed. The experimental wave orbital velocities (15–60 cm/s) and periods (3–8 s), as well as the characteristics of the HDS and the bed in our experiments, were comparable to observations made on the Eel shelf, California, during storm conditions when fluid mud has been observed.
ANALYSIS OF ESTROGENIC HORMONES IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER EFFLUENT AND SURFACE WATER USING ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

Although the estrogenic hormones 17 b-estradiol and 17a-ethinyl estradiol can be quantified in polluted waters by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS), the compounds often are present at concentrations below detection limits. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) provide a sensitive and robust means of quantifying estrogenic hormones in wastewater effluents and surface waters. Results from ELISA analysis of estrogenic hormones in secondary wastewater effluent indicate concentrations comparable to those that cause vitellogenesis in fish. Confirmatory analyses by GC/MS/MS are consistent with ELISA results. Effluent filtration, using sand filtration or microfiltration, removes approx. 70% of the hormones from secondary effluent, while advanced treatment, using reverse osmosis, removes more than 95% of hormones. The detection limits for estrogenic hormones are approx. 0.1 ng/L in wastewater effluent and 0.05 ng/L in surface water. The ELISA technique provides a relatively simple and practical method of assessing the fate of estrogenic hormones in engineered and natural systems.
A tutorial on convex optimization II: duality and interior point methods

In recent years, convex optimization has become a computational tool of central importance in engineering, thanks to its ability to solve very large, practical engineering problems reliably and efficiently. The goal of this tutorial is to continue the overview of modern convex optimization from where our ACC2004 Tutorial on Convex Optimization left off, to cover important topics that were omitted there due to lack of space and time, and highlight the intimate connections between them. The topics of duality and interior point algorithms will be our focus, along with simple examples. The material in this tutorial is excerpted from the recent book on convex optimization, by Boyd and Vandenberghe, who have made available a large amount of free course material and freely available software. These can be downloaded and used immediately by the reader both for self-study and to solve real problems.
European federation of biotechnology: Achievements and the future of European biotechnology

This Society of Chemical Industry Biotechnology Group Symposium held on 26 January 1987, at the SCI in London, aimed to review the achievements of the European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) and consider its role in the future of European biotechnology.
DeepTutor: an effective, online intelligent tutoring system that promotes deep learning

We present in this paper an innovative solution to the challenge of building effective educational technologies that offer tailored instruction to each individual learner. The proposed solution in the form of a conversational intelligent tutoring system, called DeepTutor, has been developed as a web application that is accessible 24/7 through a browser from any device connected to the Internet. The success of several large scale experiments with high-school students using DeepTutor is a solid proof that conversational intelligent tutoring at scale over the web is possible.
MRI of PCL, Posteromedial, and Posterolateral Corner Injuries of the Knee

This chapter reviews radiologic imaging of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and coexistent injuries, primarily focusing on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Examples of normal ligamentous anatomy and injury are provided for comparison. The injuries are reviewed by compartment, with the goal of providing the orthopedic surgeon with pertinent information so that a comprehensive surgical plan can be determined prior to repair and/or reconstruction.
Measurements of prompt radiation induced conductivity of alumina and sapphire

We performed measurements of the prompt radiation induced conductivity in thin samples of Alumina and Sapphire at the Little Mountain Medusa LINAC facility in Ogden, UT. Five mil thick samples were irradiated with pulses of 20 MeV electrons, yielding dose rates of 1E7 to 1E9 rad/s. We applied variable potentials up to 1 kV across the samples and measured the prompt conduction current. Analysis rendered prompt conductivity coefficients between 1E10 and 1E9 mho/m/(rad/s), depending on the dose rate and the pulse width for Alumina and 1E7 to 6E7 mho/m/(rad/s) for Sapphire.
Clinical Indicators of Psychosocial Distress Predict for Acute Radiation-Induced Fatigue in Patients Receiving Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: An Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes

Purpose To assess the magnitude and predictors of patient-reported fatigue among breast cancer patients receiving radiation therapy (RT). Methods and Materials Patients receiving breast RT completed a survey querying fatigue at each weekly on-treatment visit. Patient-reported fatigue severity and interference was assessed on an ordinal scale of 0 to 4, using a validated scoring system. Baseline anxiety and depression scores were also obtained. The kinetics of mean fatigue scores per week and the maximum fatigue scores over the course of the entire treatment were assessed, and clinical predictors were identified by univariate and multivariate regression. Results The average fatigue severity and interference scores were 0.6 and 0.46. The average fatigue scores increased to an equivalent extent from week to week, with expected increases of 0.99 in fatigue severity and 0.85 in interference over 7 weeks. Patients treated with hypofractionated RT (HF-RT) versus conventionally fractionated RT (CF-RT) had significantly fewer maximum fatigue severity or interference scores that were >2 (ie, severe or very severe; 29% vs 10% for severity, and 26% vs 8% for interference, P P Conclusion Patient-reported fatigue modestly increases over RT courses, with less maximum fatigue reported with HF-RT. Younger age and baseline sadness, anxiety, and psychiatric/pain-related comorbidities are powerful predictors of fatigue, whereas other factors, such as treatment intensity, are not. Future studies will investigate interventions for patients at high risk for fatigue.
Multi-view Clustering in Collaborative Filtering Based Rating Prediction

Collaborative filtering (CF) based rating prediction systems predict unknown ratings of a user for an item, based on the analysis made on how similar users rate similar items. Model based approaches such as cluster models provide efficient means to find out similar users or similar items as they inherently reduce the search space by previously grouping similar users or items into clusters. Hence, the accuracy of such cluster-based approaches can be improved by improving the clustering process itself. As such, in this paper, we present how multi-view clustering can be used to cluster users or items leveraging information from multiple modalities and improve the accuracy of CF-based rating prediction systems. We use Yelp business rating dataset to test our approach on user-restaurant rating prediction. We begin by identifying multiple views for both users and restaurants. Each view represents a distinct source of information regarding the user or the restaurant. These views are used to perform multi-view clustering for both users and restaurants, respectively. To predict the unknown rating of a user for a restaurant, we compute the averages of k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) from the respective user-cluster and the restaurant-cluster. Our results suggest that multi-view clustering is capable of leveraging the utility of each view to cluster similar users or items together and to improve the accuracy of CF-based rating prediction systems.
Enzymatic synthesis of galactogen in the snall, Helix, pomatia

Abstract The galactose polymer, galactogen, has been reported in numerous pulmonate snails ( Ghose, 1963 ; Horstmann, 1956 ; May, 1931 ; McMahon et , al. , 1957 ; Meenakshi, 1954 ; Rigby, 1963 ). Whereas this polysaccharide is found exclusively in the reproductive system (albumen gland) and freshly laid eggs, glycogen is present in the rest of the body. As isolated from the albumen gland of the land snail, Helix , pomatia , the polymer has been reported to contain both D- and L-galactose in the approximate ratio of 6:1 ( Bell and Baldwin, 1941 ). The methylation studies of Bell and Baldwin (1938) , yielding essentially equimolar proportions of 2, 3, 4, 6-tetramethyl- and 2, 4-dimethyl-D-galactose, are the basis for a proposed structure of galactogen consisting of either a β-1→3 or a β-1→6 linear chain wherein each galactopyranose unit bears a terminal galactose substituent on C-6 or C-3, respectively. L-Galactose is thought to be part of the side chain ( Bell and Baldwin, 1941 ; May and Weinland, 1956 ). Heretofore, however, no information relating to the mode of biosynthesis of this polysaccharide has been available. The present report describes the preparation of an extract from the albumen gland of H. , pomatia which utilizes UDP-D-galactose-C14 for the formation of a radioactive galactose polymer, tentatively identified as galactogen.
Central Nervous System Integrity in Adult Survivors of Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract Abstract 3647 Long-term survivors of childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) are at risk for cardiopulmonary complications. Although HL survivors are generally not exposed to treatments directed at the central nervous system (CNS), cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities are associated with CNS dysfunction in non-cancer populations. The aim of the current study was to examine neurocognitive and neuroanatomical outcomes in adult survivors of childhood HL. 62 adult survivors (current age mean=43.2, SD=4.79, range=34.4–55.6 years; age at diagnosis mean=15.1, SD=3.31, range=5.85–19.00 years) were identified by stratified random selection from a large cohort treated with either high dose (≥ 30 Gy) thoracic radiation (n=38) or lower dose ( Compared to national age-adjusted norms, HL survivors demonstrated lower performance on attention span (p=0.01), sustained attention (p=0.01), short-term memory (p=0.001), long-term memory (p=0.006), motor dexterity (p These results suggest that adult long-term survivors of HL are at increased risk for neurocognitive impairment, which is associated with radiological indices suggestive of reduced brain integrity and occurs in the presence of symptoms of cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Postnatal Calvarial Skeletal Stem Cells Expressing PRX1 Reside Exclusively in the Calvarial Sutures and Are Required for Bone Regeneration

Post-natal skeletal stem cells expressing PRX1 (pnPRX1+) have been identified in the calvaria and in the axial skeleton. Here we characterize the location and functional capacity of the calvarial pnPRX1+ cells. We found that pnPRX1+ reside exclusively in the calvarial suture niche and decrease in number with age. They are distinct from preosteoblasts and osteoblasts of the sutures, respond to WNT signaling in vitro and in vivo by differentiating into osteoblasts, and, upon heterotopic transplantation, are able to regenerate bone. Diphtheria toxin A (DTA)-mediated lineage ablation of pnPRX1+ cells and suturectomy perturb regeneration of calvarial bone defects and confirm that pnPRX1+ cells of the sutures are required for bone regeneration. Orthotopic transplantation of sutures with traceable pnPRX1+ cells into wild-type animals shows that pnPRX1+ cells of the suture contribute to calvarial bone defect regeneration. DTA-mediated lineage ablation of pnPRX1+ does not, however, interfere with calvarial development.
Mechanical Nasal Dilators to Treat Nasal Valve Compromise.

Nasal airway obstruction is a common clinical problem in the general adult population. Common structural causes of nasal obstruction include septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal polyposis, and adenoid hypertrophy. However, another important and often overlooked etiology is nasal valve compromise.1 Nasal valve compromise is a distinct and primary cause of nasal airway obstruction and can occur in isolation or in combination with other anatomic or inflammatory causes of nasal obstruction.2 The nasal valve is the region of the nasal cavity with the greatest resistance to airflow. The nasal septum and inferior turbinate are rigid structures within the nose. The dynamic lateral nasal wall can have a significant effect on the nasal valve region and overall nasal airflow. Patients with nasal valve compromise may have a weakened lateral nasal wall, which contributes to the dynamic or static area of airflow restriction within the nose.
Vibrational and Electronic Relaxation in Moderate Sized Systems

When molecules interact with each other or with an environment it becomes more difficult to obtain information fundamental to a better understanding of molecular dynamics. In a sufficiently dilute gas or molecular beam the molecules can be arranged to be isolated for long enough to carry out an experiment. In high pressure gases or condensed phases there is some question as to whether isolated molecule effects can ever be exposed. Even though the intermolecular interactions will influence the pathways of chemical and physical transformations, the final states are still available for study providing that observations can be made soon enough after the occurrence of the process, yet before the energy distributions are destroyed by medium induced relaxations. A considerable effort has been put into learning about the medium induced relaxation by making direct measurements in condensed phases using subnanosecond laser pulses. It is necessary to make such measurements in time, rather in the frequency domain, because the fluctuations in the energies of the molecular states contribute to the linewidths and this effect can dominate the population relaxation at Sufficiently high temperatures. KAISER, LAUBEREAU and coworkers [1–3] have demonstrated this effect for vibrational levels of a number of liquids in showing that Raman linewidths are mainly determined by dephasing.
1,3‐Benzenedicarbonitrile, 2,4,5,6‐tetra‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl‐

[1416881-52-1] C56H32N6 (MW 788.91) InChI = 1S/C56H32N6/c57-33-43-53(59-45-25-9-1-17-35(45)36-18-2-10-26-46(36)59)44(34-58)55(61-49-29-13-5-21-39(49)40-22-6-14-30-50(40)61)56(62-51-31-15-7-23-41(51)42-24-8-16-32-52(42)62)54(43)60-47-27-11-3-19-37(47)38-20-4-12-28-48(38)60/h1-32H InChIKey = PRWATGACIORDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alternate Name: 2,4,5,6-tetra-9H-carbazol-9-yl-1,3-benzenedicarbonitrile. Physical Data: absorption λmax = 435 nm, emission λmax = 535 nm, redox potentials1 (vs. SCE, saturated calomel electrode, as 0 V in CH3CN); −1.04 V (*P/P−), +1.35 V (P+/*P), +1.52 V (P+/P) and −1.21 V (P/P−). Solubility: soluble in CH3CN, acetone, DMF, and DMSO; insoluble in H2O. Preparative Methods: the catalyst is prepared from tetrafluoroisophthalonitrile and carbazole in the presence of NaH in THF.1 NaH (60% in oil, 0.60 g, 15 mmol) was added slowly to a stirred solution of carbazole (1.67 g, 10.0 mmol) in dry THF (40 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. After 30 min, tetrafluoroisophthalonitrile (0.40 g, 2.0 mmol) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 12 h, 2 mL water was added to the reaction mixture to quench the excess NaH. The resulting mixture was then concentrated under reduced pressure and washed with water and EtOH to yield the crude product, which was purified by recrystalization from hexane/CH2Cl2 to give 1.51 g of 4CzIPN (96% yield). Purification: recrystallized in hexane/CH2Cl2. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: containers should be stored in the dark. Keep away from strong oxidizing agents.
Freedom’s Poses

Kathy Ferguson’s anarchist women enact walking as freedom’s pose. In my response, I ask how the way we imagine poses and postures, comporting our bodies this way or that, alone or together, shapes ...
EphB3 signaling induces cortical endothelial cell death and disrupts the blood-brain barrier after traumatic brain injury.

Damage to the cerebrovascular network is a major contributor to dysfunction in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Vessels are composed of lumen-forming endothelial cells that associate closely with both glial and neuronal units to establish a functional blood–brain barrier (BBB). Under normal physiological conditions, these vascular units play important roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by delivering oxygen and nutrients while filtering out molecules and cells that could be harmful; however, after TBI this system is disrupted. Here, we describe a novel role for a class of receptors, called dependence receptors, in regulating vessel stability and BBB integrity after CCI injury in mice. Specifically, we identified that EphB3 receptors function as a pro-apoptotic dependence receptor in endothelial cells (ECs) that contributes to increased BBB damage after CCI injury. In the absence of EphB3, we observed increased endothelial cell survival, reduced BBB permeability and enhanced interactions of astrocyte-EC membranes. Interestingly, the brain’s response to CCI injury is to reduce EphB3 levels and its ligand ephrinB3; however, the degree and timing of those reductions limit the protective response of the CNS. We conclude that EphB3 is a negative regulator of cell survival and BBB integrity that undermine tissue repair, and represents a protective therapeutic target for TBI patients.
Parameter Extraction through Joint Optimization of Modulation Response and RIN Spectra

Extraction of VCSEL rate equation model parameters through joint optimization of modulation response and RIN spectra is presented. It accurately accounts for both ISI and noise, and employs drive-dependent parasitics found in VCSELs.
Comparison of the 1997 and 2003 American Diabetes Association Classification of Impaired Fasting Glucose: Impact on Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose, Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors, and Coronary Heart Disease in a Community-Based Medical Practice

Objectives The goals of this study were to assess the effect of the 2003 American Diabetes Association definition of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) on prevalence of IFG, coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, and CHD compared with the 1997 IFG definition. Background Although IFG is viewed as increasing CHD risk, this association is unclear and has not been well studied after changing the IFG criterion, especially in a clinical practice setting. Methods This was a cross-sectional evaluation of 8,295 members (3,763 men and 4,532 women) of a community medical center who were between the ages of 30 and 69 years, without a history of diabetes mellitus, and who had available measurements of fasting plasma glucose and lipid concentrations within the past 2 years. The prevalence of IFG, CHD risk factors, and CHD with the 1997 and 2003 IFG definition was compared. Results The prevalence of IFG increased from 8% to 35% with the 2003 criterion. Individuals with glucose of 100 to 109 mg/dl had lower prevalence of most CHD risk factors (hypertension, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Conclusions One-third of the population has IFG with the 2003 definition, yet many of these individuals do not have increased prevalence of CHD risk factors or CHD.
Role of flow-sensitive microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis.

Abstract Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying cause of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. The disease preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow, in part, by altering expression of flow-sensitive coding- and non-coding genes. In this review, we summarize the role of noncoding RNAs, [microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)], as regulators of gene expression and outline their relationship to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. While miRNAs are small noncoding genes that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA transcripts, the lncRNAs regulate gene expression by diverse mechanisms, which are still emerging and incompletely understood. We focused on multiple flow-sensitive miRNAs such as, miR-10a, -19a, -23b, -17~92, -21, -663, -92a, -143/145, -101, -126, -712, -205, and -155 that play a critical role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis by targeting inflammation, cell cycle, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and nitric oxide signaling. Flow-dependent regulation of lncRNAs is just emerging, and their role in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis is unknown. Here, we discuss the flow-sensitive lncRNA STEEL along with other lncRNAs studied in the context of vascular pathophysiology and atherosclerosis such as MALAT1, MIAT1, ANRIL, MYOSLID, MEG3, SENCR, SMILR, LISPR1, and H19. Also discussed is the use of these noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutics to reduce and regress atherosclerosis.
CHAPTER 150 – Pleckstrin Homology (PH) Domains

The 100 to 120-amino acid pleckstrin homology (PH) domain was first named in 1993 as a region of sequence similarity that occurs twice in pleckstrin and is shared by a large number of other proteins. Levels of sequence identity between PH domains are generally low, lying between around 10 (or less) to 30 percent, and there is no conserved motif that identifies PH domains. Rather, PH domains are defined by a pattern of sequence similarity that suggests a common fold, and may therefore share structural similarity in the absence of functional relatedness. The majority of PH domain-containing proteins require membrane association for some aspect of their function. These proteins participate in cellular signaling, cytoskeletal organization, membrane trafficking, and/or phospholipid modification. Sequences encoding PH domains occur in some 252 genes in the first draft of the human genome sequence, making this the eleventh most populous domain family in humans that includes proteins involved in binding to variety of phosphoinositide and protein ligands. Ligand binding by a small subgroup of PH domains—those that bind phosphoinositide headgroups with high affinity and specificity—is now understood rather well, although it remains possible that some PH domains from this class have additional, as yet unidentified, binding partners. PH domains that do not bind phosphoinositides with high affinity or specificity constitute the majority—perhaps 90 percent. The interactions driven by these PH domains are far less well understood. In many cases it even remains unclear whether phosphoinositide binding observed in vitro has any relevance in vivo.
Progress and perspective on drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton

Abstract Drought stress, caused by lack of precipitation or irrigation, is one of the most challenging problems in crop production in the US and worldwide. Drought alone affects 45% of the world’s agricultural land, further, 19.5% of irrigated agricultural lands are considered saline. A combination of two or more abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity results in more yield loss than a single stress. Drought along with salinization is expected to cause up to 50% of arable land loss worldwide. Development of drought and/or salt stress tolerant cultivars represents one of the most practical solutions. Genetic variation in abiotic stress tolerance exists within Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); however, most if not all Upland cultivars have been developed under normal well-watered and non-saline conditions. Pima, Sea-Island or Egyptian cotton (G. barbadense L.), carries some level of tolerance to abioitc stresses due to their origin near sea-coasts, and this tolerance can be transferred to Upland cotton by interspecific introgression. Although drought and salt stress tolerances are presumed to be interconnected, the genetic basis is not fully understood due to complexity of the stress resistance and difficulties in phenotyping. The objective of this review was to summarize the progress in screening methodology, resistance germplasm sources, inheritance, biochemical and molecular aspects, transgenic approaches, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton. In the last 10–15 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of drought and salt tolerance through QTL mapping using molecular markers on biparental and multi-parental populations and natural populations. Numerous drought or salt responsive genes have been identified, some of which include those commonly associated with drought or salt tolerance in other plants and are used in transgenic approaches for enhancement of abiotic stress tolerance. However, none of these genes have been utilized in commercial cotton breeding programs, and no abiotic stress tolerance QTL has been used in cotton breeding through marker-assisted selection (MAS). More and larger permanent intra-specific and interspecific mapping populations using diverse and multiple parents should be developed. These populations are necessary for repeated phenotyping for abiotic stress tolerance and for high resolution mapping of QTL using genome-wide SNP markers and for MAS to transfer tolerance genes to high-yielding cultivars. Further, quick, reliable and high throughput screening methods applicable for large scale populations need to be developed to improve the reliability and scale of phenotyping of the cotton germplasm in these populations for drought and salt stress tolerance.
Lead-Halide Perovskites for Photocatalytic α-Alkylation of Aldehydes.

Cost-effective and efficient photocatalysis are highly desirable in chemical synthesis. Here we demonstrate that readily prepared suspensions of APbBr3 (A = Cs or methylammonium (MA)) type perovskite colloids (ca. 2–100 nm) can selectively photocatalyze carbon–carbon bond formation reactions, i.e., α-alkylations. Specifically, we demonstrate α-alkylation of aldehydes with a turnover number (TON) of over 52,000 under visible light illumination. Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites are revolutionizing photovoltaic research and are now impacting other research fields, but their exploration in organic synthesis is rare. Our low-cost, easy-to-process, highly efficient and bandedge-tunable perovskite photocatalyst is expected to bring new insights in chemical synthesis.
Training of bilingual school psychologists in the United States: A culturally and linguistically responsive approach:

The aim of this paper is to discuss the need for high-quality professional training of bilingual school psychologists and to describe the structure of a bilingual training program housed at Fordham...
Superstars within reach: The role of perceived attainability and role congruity in media role models on women's social comparisons

Based on social comparison and role congruity theory, this study examined the effect of perceived attainability and role congruity in media female role models on women's social comparison and caree...
Whole and/or in bits: Bohm, Matte Blanco, and (un)consciousness.

ABSTRACTPsychoanalysis can be conceptualized as a process of shifting unconscious knowing into consciously graspable forms. Theoretical physicist and author David Bohm considers the order of the in...
First Line Androgen Deprivation Therapy vs. Chemotherapy for Patients With Androgen Receptor Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Salivary Gland Carcinoma—A Retrospective Study

Objectives: There is a lack of effective therapy for recurrent or metastatic salivary gland carcinoma. Androgen deprivation therapy has demonstrated efficacy in cases of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and high-grade adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) that express androgen receptor. Materials and Methods: We conducted a single institution retrospective cohort study examining patients treated for recurrent/metastatic SDC or high-grade adenocarcinoma NOS of the salivary gland. Survival analyses were performed to assess for efficacy of first-line androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs. first-line conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Efficacy of salvage ADT was also assessed. Results: Fifty-eight patients were reviewed. Thirty-five patients had recurrent/metastatic disease of which 28 had SDC (80%) and 7 had high-grade adenocarcinoma NOS (20%). Median overall survival for first-line ADT was 25 months compared to 25 months for first-line chemotherapy [RR 0.54 (0.23-1.28, p = 0.16)]. Patients treated with first-line ADT had a response rate of 45% (9/20) and patients treated with first-line chemotherapy had a response rate of 14% (2/14). Six patients received salvage ADT with 1 patient demonstrating complete response and 3 with stable disease as best response (clinical benefit rate 67%). Conclusion: Overall survival for first line ADT and first line cytotoxic chemotherapy was comparable but response rates to first-line ADT were higher than those with first-line chemotherapy. Salvage ADT is active in recurrent/metastatic salivary gland carcinoma.
PhaseCode: Fast and efficient compressive phase retrieval based on sparse-graph codes

We consider the problem of recovering a complex signal x ∊ Cn from m intensity measurements of the form |a i x|, 1 ≤ i ≤ m, where a i is a measurement row vector. Our main focus is on the case where the measurement vectors are unconstrained, and where x is exactly K-sparse, or the so-called general compressive phase-retrieval problem. We introduce PhaseCode, a novel family of fast and efficient algorithms (that includes Unicolor PhaseCode and Multicolor PhaseCode) that are based on a sparse-graph coding framework. As one instance, our Unicolor PhaseCode algorithm can provably recover, with high probability, all but a tiny 10−7 fraction of the significant signal components, using at most m = 14K measurements, which is a small constant factor from the fundamental limit, with an optimal O(K) decoding time and an optimal O(K) memory complexity. We provide extensive simulation results that validate the practical power of our proposed algorithms. A key contribution of our work is the novel use of coding-theoretic tools like density evolution methods for the design and analysis of fast and efficient algorithms for compressive phase-retrieval problems. This contrasts and complements popular approaches to the phase retrieval problem based on alternating-minimization, convex-relaxation, and semi-definite programming.
CRT-500.04 The Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Demonstrates Low Wall Shear Stress and High Eccentricity Index: Hemodynamic Insights From the ABSORB III Imaging Study

The Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) demonstrated higher rates of target lesion failure (TLF) at 3 years. Low wall shear stress (WSS) promotes several mechanisms related to device TLF. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of higher event rates with BVS. We hypothesized that deployed
The price of being polite: politeness, social status, and their joint impacts on community Q&A efficiency

Sociolinguistics and computational linguistics literature have revealed negative correlations between social status and politeness in interpersonal conversations. In this article, we took a step further to uncover how social status and politeness interact with each other to jointly impact the efficiency of the Q&A process in online social Q&A communities. Using the data collected from two communities of Stack Exchange, we demonstrated that both social status and politeness had significant impacts to determine the efficiency of receiving acceptable answers. Moreover, while low-status users benefited from wording their questions more politely, high-status users were slightly “punished” for being too polite, particular in professional Q&A communities. However, social status and politeness were not significantly relevant to whether a question could be eventually answered. In general, the social Q&A process provides the conditions necessary for the manifestation of “offline” social norms. That is: individuals are still being rewarded for behaving correctly according to their social roles, no matter explicitly or implicitly. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study.
Measuring Outcomes in Healthcare Economics using Artificial Intelligence: with Application to Resource Allocation

The quality of service in healthcare is constantly challengedby outlier events such as pandemics and naturaldisasters. In most cases, such events lead to critical uncertaintiesin decision making, as well as in multiple medicaland economic aspects of a hospital. External (geographical)or internal factors (medical and managerial) at hospitals,lead to shifts in planning, budgeting, and confidencein conventional processes. In some cases, support fromother hospitals becomes inevitable. This manuscript presentsthree intelligent methods that provide data-drivenindicators to help healthcare managers organize their economicsand identify the most optimum plan for resourceallocation and sharing. Using reinforcement learning, geneticalgorithms, traveling salesman, and clustering, weexperimented with different healthcare variables and presentedtools and outcomes that could be applied at healthinstitutes. In this poster, initial experiments are performed;the results are recorded, evaluated, and illustrated.
Design Effect in Multilevel Settings: A Commentary on a Latent Variable Modeling Procedure for Its Evaluation:

A latent variable modeling-based procedure is discussed that permits to readily point and interval estimate the design effect index in multilevel settings using widely circulated software. The meth...