cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restoration of Blood Pressure and Peripheral Resistance in Sympathectomized Dogs

The recent treatment of hypertension by types of sympathetic surgery has created a new interest in the extent and duration of the vascular relaxation following sympathetic ganglionectomy. There has been little experimental study of the blood pressure of completely sympathectomized animals over a long period of time. Bradford Cannon1 reported by cuff sphygmomanometer a moderate temporary fall in blood pressure immediately after complete sympathetic ganglionectomy with a final return to normal, but the time interval is not stated.Further investigation of this problem has been made upon 15 dogs, 5 of them controls. The right thoracic chain was removed first, the left next, and the abdominal chains last at intervals of 10 days to a month. Dummy operations were done in the same order for controls. Blood pressures were measured every few days following each operation and at longer intervals later by the arterial puncture method.The 5 control animals, 2 of which were submitted to dummy operations, have shown dur...
Environmental and Habitat Correlates of Pasture Use by Nonbreeding Shorebirds

Throughout coastal regions of the world, pasturelands often augment important and declining intertidal foraging habitats for nonbreeding shorebirds (Suborder Charadrii). Little is known, however, about factors influencing bird use of pastures. Hence, we examined the spatial distribution of shorebirds in coastal pastures near Humboldt Bay, California from October 1991-May 1992 and correlated spatial distribution patterns with environmental and habitat variables. Shorebirds used pastures in a nonrandom (clumped) fashion. Pasture use varied seasonally for Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa), and Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago); Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) use increased when it rained, and Dunlin, Black-bellied Plover, and Killdeer use increased nearer the time of a new moon. At the level of the individual pasture, the likelihood of encountering most species (5 of 6) increased as vegetation height decreased. The likelihood of pasture use by Dunlin and Killdeer increased when shorebirds used pastures the previous week. Extensive, nonrandom use of coastal pastures by nonbreeding shorebirds indicates that conservation planning for shorebirds should consider habitat characteristics. In the vicinity of Humboldt Bay and other coastal bays, use of pastures by shorebirds can be increased by practices that provide short vegetation. Although shorebird use did not correlate with use of pastures by cattle, grazing by livestock is probably the means by which to achieve habitat characteristics attractive to shorebirds while maintaining compatible human uses on private lands. Regular use of some pastures by shorebirds indicates that site faithfulness may be important and that traditional sites need to be identified and protected.
Solvent Effects in Alternating ADMET Polymerization

Alternating AB copolymers were synthesized by exploiting the selectivity of the metathesis reaction between α,ω-dienes and α,ω-diacrylates. Unlike standard acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerizations, the copolymerization of dienes and diacrylates does not require high vacuum conditions. This work utilizes this unique characteristic to explore the effect of various solvents on ADMET polymerization. We found significant variation in the efficacy of the solvents we screened, with CH2Cl2 yielding the highest molecular weight polymer. Additionally, the performance of Grubbs second generation catalyst was compared with Hoveyda–Grubbs second generation catalyst in different solvents, revealing a stark difference in the molecular weight of the resulting polymers in CH2Cl2 but a relatively minor difference in the final molecular weight from polymerizations in acetic acid.
Safer or Sorrier

Elaine B. Safer's The Contemporary American Comic Epic considers six novels by four authors: Earth's The Sot-weed Factor and Giles Goat-Boy, Pynchon's V. and Gravity's Rainbow, Gaddis's The Recognitions, and Kesey's: Jometimes a Great Notion. Safer's purpose is to understand in what ways and toward what ends these novels are both comic and epic. This would seem to be a harmless enough undertaking, although some readers may find themselves exasperated by the author's unselfconscious return to a simpler critical world undisturbed by the implications of structuralist and poststructuralist thought, a world in which the critic's primary business is charting allusions, making genre distinctions, and offering propaedeutic thematic analyses. Safer may nod in passing to the work of, say, Umberto Eco or (in a note) Hayden White, and she may speak of intertextuality or label her subjects "postmodern" (which she does without further comment, as though the term were self-explanatory and unproblematic), but for her Barth, Pynchon, Gaddis, and Kesey remain essentially what they once were judged to be: existentialists, black humorists, absurdist fabulators. Consequently, the appropriate approach to Barth et ale is still yesterday's, with each novelist seen as exploiting black humor and ironic allusiveness (that is, allusiveness which "mocks the present and is often ambivalent about the past" [21]) in the service of an absurdist vision that incorporates the techniques of traditional comic prose epics and makes parodic use of the conventions and intentions of the traditional epic to yield existential satire.
Recursive estimation with quantized and censored measurements

In this paper, we extend the Tobit Kalman filter for quantized measurements. Quantization occurs in many applications and systems and can usually be neglected in cases where the quantization interval is small. If this is not the case, the quantization effects cannot be ignored, and the nonlinearity induced by the quantizer must be addressed. Particle filters can be used, but are computationally expensive. Recently, the Tobit Kalman filter has been used to provide estimates when the measurement is a piecewise nonlinear censored regression model. The Tobit Kalman filter for quantized measurements derived in this paper is a computationally efficient algorithm, which converges to the optimal Kalman filter when quantization intervals become small. The derived estimator is compared to the Cramer Rao lower bound and the particle filter.
Before the American Psychiatric Association (APA)

Chapter 1 highlights the long hostility towards queer people and information about queers, including sweeping witch-hunts of suspected queer public school personnel from the 1920s through to the 1960s. I also discuss how efforts to offer sexuality education were fraught with political controversy, only some of which was related to sexual orientation.
Educational Technology: False Profit or Sacrificial Lamb? A Review of Policy, Research, and Practice

New technologies are providing opportunities to guide and enhance learning that were unimagined even a few years ago. The promise of technology to help turn the tide on the declining effectiveness ...
Voltage dependence of corona signature from defect stator bar insulation during aging

Many experiments have been aimed at finding a relationship between partial discharge spectra (1),(2) and insulation condition, but a clear consensus has not yet been formed. The work described is part of a larger effort designed to learn more about the relationships between the life of machine insulation and diagnostic indices derived from corona spectroscopy and other measurements. In particular, it is shown that variations in the voltage used during testing can be a useful parameter in extending the usefulness of both pulse height analysis (PHA) and pulse phase angle analysis (POA).
Abstract 342: Breast cancer adhesion cascade is influenced by Galectin-1 and E-selectin receptor-ligand interactions

Invasion of other tissues during bloodborne metastasis requires the adhesion of cancer cells to the endothelium by specific fluid shear-dependent receptor-ligand interactions. It is hypothesized that ligands are shared between the endothelial adhesion molecule known as E-selectin, a transmembrane glycoprotein, and Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a secretory dimer protein, both of which are upregulated during inflammation and cancer. Our previous data strongly indicate that this shear-dependent interaction involves the same or closely related cancer cell-expressed ligands, such as the glycoprotein Mac-2BP. Initial investigation using immuno-staining methods to locate E-selectin and Gal-1 ligands and determine relative proximity to one another revealed that E-selectin and Gal-1 ligands on ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissue microarrays had a high percentage of colocalization, as high as 75% in some cases. These results allude to the possibility that these reactive molecules are in close proximity or are in fact the same molecule. Subsequently, E-selectin microspheres were perfused over Gal-1-treated ZR-75-1 cell monolayers and breast cancer tissue microarrays to determine the functional relationship, if any, between Gal-1 and E-selectin ligands during adhesion from flow. Flow assay data show that Gal-1 treatment enhances E-selectin microsphere interactions to a breast cancer monolayer in a shear-dependent manner, with a shear stress of 0.5 dynes/cm 2 having an almost 300% increase in binding compared to the untreated monolayer. This amount of binding at a physiological shear stress gives credence to the hypothesis that Gal-1 influences E-selectin receptor-ligand interactions via the same or similar ligands during breast cancer cell adhesion. Dynamic biochemical tissue analysis (DBTA), a novel flow-based tissue interrogation technique developed in our lab, was then implemented to test human invasive ductal breast carcinoma tissue sections. Similar to ZR-75-1 cell line flow assay data, a 142% increase in shear-dependent binding interactions between the E-selectin microspheres and the Gal-1 treated breast cancer tissue sections at 0.5 dynes/cm 2 shear stress was observed. Colocalization of reactive signals and increased shear-dependent flow interactions indicate that metastatic binding in breast cancer is aided through E-selectin to Gal-1 interaction via a shared ligand intermediate. Ascertaining the mechanism behind this interaction would lead to a better understanding of the circulating breast cancer cells’ adhesion cascade during metastasis. Citation Format: Nathan M. Reynolds, Claire R. Hall, Sean E. Thomas, Monica M. Burdick. Breast cancer adhesion cascade is influenced by Galectin-1 and E-selectin receptor-ligand interactions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 342. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-342
Developing Study Guides for Middle School Learners

ABSTRACTStudy guides are a popular tool teachers provide to help students prepare for an upcoming test or quiz. They are especially appropriate for middle school students as they transition from reading narrative to informational text. However, some teachers are unfamiliar with various types of study guides. Therefore, this article describes various types of study guides middle school teachers can develop to support student learning.
A Comparative Analysis of VHA, Non-VHA, and Overall Outpatient Treatment Use Intensity Among Older U.S. Veterans Denied or Awarded VA Service-Connected Disability Compensation

Poorer health is often associated with greater healthcare use among the general population. In contrast, while many veterans denied VA disability compensation ("denied applicants") are as impaired as those awarded VA disability compensation ("awarded applicants"), studies suggest that these veterans may nevertheless utilize less VHA healthcare. Whether they concurrently utilize less non-VHA, and overall healthcare, however, remains a critical, unresolved issue. The 2001 National Survey of Veterans was used to examine VHA, non-VHA, and overall outpatient healthcare treatment use intensity during the previous 12 months among veterans denied or awarded VA disability compensation. Results: Denied applicants were significantly more likely than those awarded to have not used any VHA outpatient healthcare during the previous 12 months (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.24, 4.81). Moreover, while not statistically significant, point estimates consistently suggested that denied may have concurrently used more non-VHA, and overall outpatient healthcare than awarded. It appears veterans denied VA disability compensation are forgoing VHA outpatient healthcare services, perhaps in favor of non-VHA outpatient healthcare services. While this result may be consistent with the intent of VA service-connected disability policy, further analysis is necessary to confirm adequate access to healthcare for denied veterans.
Insights into the black box of child care supply: Predictors of provider participation in the Massachusetts child care subsidy system

Abstract The United States child care subsidy system relies on the voluntary participation of private providers in the market in order for low-income families to access otherwise unaffordable care. However, with few states able to pay child care providers subsidy payment rates at market value (National Women's Law Center, 2015) and increasing pressure for providers to improve their quality of care (Child Care and Development Fund [CCDF] Program, 2016), there is concern at the federal level regarding the supply of providers willing to participate in the subsidy system (CCDF Program, 2016; Schumacher, 2015). Using administrative data from Massachusetts, this study examines the factors associated with provider participation in the child care subsidy system. Findings from logistic regression analyses indicate that lower administrative capacity, higher private pay prices (in comparison to the subsidy payment rate), and higher local market household income may limit or reduce opportunities for participation in the subsidy system. Results also suggest that for-profit providers are not avoiding participating in the subsidy system, but may find participation challenging if subsidy payment rates are too low (compared to private pay prices). Additionally, although the total pool of accredited providers is small, accredited providers have greater odds of participation compared to non-accredited providers, indicating that families may have some access to quality care. These findings suggest that states should focus on identifying 1) ways to ease administrative impediments to entry into the subsidy system, 2) effective provider recruitment tactics, and 3) monetary/non-monetary incentive structures that can build a large and diverse supply of high quality subsidized care.
Discovering Childcare Providers' Coaching Needs with Design Thinking Techniques.

ABSTRACTDesign thinking techniques, including empathetic interviews, provide a promising new methodology for enhancing the quality of childcare services. This human-centred approach seeks to address complex problems with a deliberate, thoughtful solution-seeking process [Brown, T. (2008, June). Design thinking. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from http://www.ideo.com/images/uploads/thoughts/IDEO_HBR_Design_Thinking.pdf]. This process includes several iterative phases: discovery, interpretation, ideation, experimentation, and evolution. Empathetic interviews were used to identify underlying needs of childcare providers and their technical assistance coaches. The empathetic interview and the prototype development processes used to address the needs of providers are detailed. This technique holds promise for those responsible for designing, implementing, and refining coaching services, as well as nurturing the relationships between those delivering childcare services and those providing technical assistan...
Responding to Ten Common Delirium Misconceptions With Best Evidence: An Educational Review for Clinicians

Delirium (acute confusion) is a serious, common health condition, and it predicts poor outcomes, including greater rates of mortality, institutionalization, prolonged hospitalization, and cognitive...
Return—Collection Return and Get Ready for the Next User

This chapter adapted the Return of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model into the Library Return. Return in Supply Chain Management (SCM) deals with defective and unsatisfactory products, while majority of the collection returns is to reset items for the next patron. The chapter recommends processes and metrics to return collection either to stack or to digital store, and discuss the Return of “defectives” collections both for analog and digital content. The goal of the chapter is to help readers to understand how Return may impact overall service quality, as well as the bottomline of libraries.
Periprocedural medication management

Abstract Periprocedural medication management is one of the most common tasks performed by the perioperative provider. But as surgery has become more frequently offered to patients with several medical comorbidities and taking multiple medications, this task can be difficult. This is further made challenging due to the limited published data on many, if not most, of the available medications. This article is based on a presentation given at the 12th Annual Perioperative Medicine Summit on March 9, 2017 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. The medications discussed in this presentation were selected by the following criteria: availability of published data (i.e. statins), commonly prescribed agents (i.e. psychiatric and neurologic medications, oral diabetes agents), controversial perioperative medications (i.e. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers), and high-risk medications (i.e. immunomodulators). To avoid redundancy, medications discussed at other meeting sessions (i.e. anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, opioids, and insulin) were not included.
Conhecimento & Diversidade na discussão tecnológica

Conhecimento & Diversidade in the technological discussion A evolucao do conhecimento conduz, na atualidade, necessariamente, a discussao tecnologica. Essa discussao tem uma abrangencia expressiva de aportes, acompanhando a dimensao de processos, pesquisas, enfoques tematicos. Desse modo, este Dossie, traz contribuicoes relevantes e atuais, com motivacoes a novas pesquisas e a formacao e praticas docentes e discentes. Com essa proposta e reconhecimento de valor, os autores que compoem este dossie tematico trazem discussoes de significativo interesse a educacao, ao trabalho, as investigacoes, a sociedade, ao mundo contemporâneo. As tecnologias certamente nos trazem desafios de diversas naturezas. E dificil elenca-los, dada a dimensao de questoes e vetores de analise decorrentes associadas a multiplas implicacoes no presente e no futuro. No presente, encontram-se os desafios de pensar nas aprendizagens que os processos, os usos e o proprio vocabulario do mundo tecnologico requerem. A educacao de criancas, jovens, adultos e mobilizada para atender a essas aprendizagens, ate mesmo para que se evite o que se pode chamar de analfabetismo tecnologico, pensando-se tambem no direito ao acesso ao conhecimento, como principio e premissa da vida cidada. Nesse sentido, o “Dossie Educacao e Tecnologias no Ensino e Aprendizagem: Reflexoes e Possibilidades” e especialmente contributivo. Uma das indagacoes que se apresentam, quando se pensa em conhecimento e avancos da multiplicidade de usos da tecnologia, e a que se refere as mudancas previsiveis no futuro e no mundo que esse futuro delineia, projeta, vislumbra. E possivel, entao, pensar na permanencia, ou nao, do livro e artigos impressos. As revistas, ja no presente, se tornam online , os livros se tornam ebook , as comunicacoes se fazem pela internet , os exames de saude sao computadorizados, as criancas dialogam pelo WhatsApp , as expectativas sao de carros computadorizados, e ate mesmo de avioes teleguiados. Essas evidencias e previsibilidades se acrescentam aos desafios dos processos pedagogicos e, de modo particular, aos cursos em todas as areas e niveis, do basico ao superior. Portanto, ha que se pensar, cada vez mais, na formacao de docentes, seja a inicial, seja a continuada, tendo em vista a formacao dos alunos, que demanda atencao a valores de vida e convivencia, incluindo, entre outros aspectos, o respeito as diferencas e a desconstrucao de preconceitos, assim como os conhecimentos dos quais se necessitam, para sua insercao socioprofissional. As tecnologias sao partes essenciais desse conhecimento.
The Biochemical Basis of Vitamin A Production from the Asymmetric Carotenoid β-Cryptoxanthin.

Vitamin A serves essential functions in mammalian biology as a signaling molecule and chromophore. This lipid can be synthesized from more than 50 putative dietary provitamin A precursor molecules which contain at least one unsubstituted β-ionone ring. We here scrutinized the enzymatic properties and substrate specificities of the two structurally related carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs) which catalyze this synthesis. Recombinant BCO1 split substrates across the C15,C15′ double bond adjacent to a canonical β-ionone ring site to vitamin A aldehyde. Substitution of the ring with a hydroxyl group prevented this conversion. The removal of methyl groups from the polyene carbon backbone of the substrate did not impede enzyme activity. Homology modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified amino acid residues at the entrance of the substrate tunnel, which determined BCO1’s specificity for the canonical β-ionone ring site. In contrast, BCO2 split substrates across the C9,C10 double bond adjacent to ass...
Access to Healthcare among the Adult Population

This study investigates the level of access to healthcare among the elderly population in California. A total of 21,055 members of the adult population, ages from 18 to 65 participated in this survey. The majority of participants, about 61%, reported they are generally in good or a very good health condition compared to 39% who reported that they are in fair or very poor condition. The overall purpose of this study was to evaluate access to healthcare services among the adult population in the context of insurance status. Lack of access to healthcare services among the population is a societal and moral concern nationwide and there is a need to identify common characteristics among the targeted demographic and provide an opportunity for prevention and action.
Viscoelastic fluid-structure interactions between a flexible cylinder and wormlike micelle solution

Elastic flow instabilities in the wake of a flexible cylinder can drive the motion of the cylinder, resulting in 1D and 2D oscillations. The time variation of the flow field and the state of stress in the fluid are shown using particle image tracking and flow-induced birefringence images.
Approaches to community consultation in exception from informed consent: Analysis of scope, efficiency, and cost at two centers.

Abstract Objectives Community consultation (CC) is fundamental to the Exception from Informed Consent (EFIC) process for emergency research, designed to inform and receive feedback from the target study population about potential risks and benefits. To better understand the effectiveness of different techniques for CC, we evaluated EFIC processes at two centers participating in a trial of early cardiac catheterization following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods We studied the Institutional Review Board-approved CC activities at Maine Medical Center (MMC) and University of Arizona (AZ) in support of NCT02387398. In Maine, the public was consulted by survey at a professional basketball game and in the emergency department waiting room (in-person group), by multimedia direction to an online website (online group), and by mail (mailing group). Arizona respondents were either approached at a county fair (in-person group) or were directed to an online survey (online group) via social media advertising. Results Among 2185 survey respondents, approval rates were high for community involvement and personal participation without individual consent. Community consultation using in-person, online, and mailed surveys offered slightly different approval rates, and the rate of responses by modality differed by age and education level but not ethnicity. Print advertising was the least cost effective at $442 per completed survey. Conclusions Canvassing at public events was the most efficient mode of performing CC, with approval rates similar to mailings, online surveys, and canvassing in other locations. Print advertisements in local papers had a low yield and cost more than other approaches.
Automated Surveillance of Intruders at US Borders

There is a growing need to block the illegal immigrants into US-Mexico border as part of ‘ war on drugs’ and for ‘ national security’ , especially after September 11, 2001 [1]. In this research, an efficient border surveillance system using video cameras and video processing units connected to a base station using a wireless network is proposed. A novel image enhancement technique is incorporated to get a quality image of the intruder even at low lighting conditions or during night. This system will send an interrupt signal to the nearby base station when an intruder is detected along with intruder’ s image for immediate law enforcement activities. A light source is also provided with automatic ‘ ON/ OFF’ capability to capture the image when it is completely dark.
Daily energy ingestion by the predatory Ranatra montezuma (Heteroptera) on two prey types: importance of prey behaviour.

We studied the effects of food quantity (prey biomass), nutritional quality (prey-biomass energy equivalent), and food availability (prey behaviour) on the daily energy ingestion and instar duratio...
Multiple fault diagnosis using factored evolutionary algorithms

When supporting commercial or defense systems such as aircraft avionics, guidance and control, electronic warfare, or propulsion systems, a perennial challenge is providing effective test and diagnosis strategies to minimize downtime, thereby maximizing system availability. One can argue that one of the most effective ways to maximize downtime is to be able to detect and isolate as many faults that either exist or are emerging in a system at one time as possible. This is referred to as the "multiplefault diagnosis" problem, and it is a problem that is known to be computationally intractable (i.e., NP-complete) [1]. While several tools have been developed over the years to assist in addressing the multiple-fault diagnosis problem, considerable work remains to provide the best diagnosis possible given the information collected through observations, gripes, test results, and historical data. Recently, a new model for evolutionary computation has been developed called the "Factored Evolutionary Algorithm" (FEA) [2]. In FEA, a target optimization problem is broken down into subproblems that exhibit some kind of overlap. Then the optimization algorithm of choice (e.g., simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization) is applied to each of the subproblems, and the subproblems periodically share information with neighboring subproblems along the points of overlap.
Two-Sample Testing can be as Hard as Structure Learning in Ising Models: Minimax Lower Bounds

Consider the following structural two-sample testing problem: given two sets of sample drawn from Ising models, determine whether the underlying network structure has changed. In [1], we showed that for Ising models over p variables with network structures that have degree bounded by d, under mild conditions on the model parameters, the sample complexity of this problem is very close to that of determining either of the network structures. Therefore, the naive scheme of learning and then comparing the structures of both sets of samples is near data-optimal. However, the minimax lower bounds in [1] relied on Ising models that differed in only one edge, which leads to the natural follow-up question: are large changes significantly easier to detect? We extend the previously developed framework to consider this problem, and show that, in a certain parameter regime, large changes do not provide any significant improvement in the number of necessary samples for reliable two-sample testing.
Regulation and Deregulation: The Baseline Challenge

A core challenge for financial regulation is how best to address the inherent dynamism of finance. The financial system is engineered to change. Periods of stability, evolving macroeconomic conditions, and regulation are among the forces driving the constant shape shifting of finance. As a result, rules established at Time A often have a different substantive effect at Time B. And because efforts to reduce the cost of complying with regulatory burdens, commonly known as regulatory arbitrage, are among the forces driving this change, a static regulatory regime will tend to be inherently deregulatory. Currently, the processes through which the law is made are ill suited to accommodate this dynamism. Frictions built into legislative and regulatory processes make it difficult to update the law even when the substantive impact of a proposed change merely replicates the originally agreed upon balance. Complicating matters further, changing market structures may make it impossible to replicate the precise balance a law had been designed to achieve. Financial regulation often entails tradeoffs among competing values and new environments and innovations may enable but also necessitate different tradeoffs. There is no easy way to reconcile the dynamism of finance with the lawmaking processes better suited for static environments. Proscribing innovation may be warranted in some domains, but has real costs and is unlikely to be feasible as applied to the system as a whole. Nonetheless, recognizing this tension is a critical to understand why regulation has failed to achieve desired aims and why it may well fail again. This tension also helps to explain the heated debate about the scope of deregulation prior to the 2007-2009 financial crisis and its role contributing to that crisis. Only by grappling with the myriad reasons for financial innovation and the mixed impact of that innovation can we develop the common ground needed to forge a better approach.
Non-HLA Antibodies as a Cause for Biopsy Negative Rejection: Is It Worth Testing for Them?

Purpose Biopsy negative rejection (BNR) after heart transplantation is not uncommon. BNR is diagnosed when there is an acute reduction in cardiac function along with symptoms of heart failure. As the endomyocardial biopsy shows no rejection, a search for other causes is pursued. Non-HLA antibodies may not demonstrate C4d deposition in the heart biopsy therefore remains a possible cause of this form of rejection. It is not clear if non-HLA antigens are detected during these cases. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with BNR and detection of non-HLA antibodies. Methods Between 2000 and 2017 we performed 1391 heart transplants and identified 96 cases of BNR (6.9%). Non-HLA antibodies were obtained at the time of BNR and included angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R), major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class I-related chain A (MICA) and anti-endothelial cell antibodies. All patients with BNR were treated with various anti-rejection regimens including high dose corticosteroids, immune globulin (IVIG), anti-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) and/or plasmapheresis. Results BNR was detected in 96 patients. The following non-HLA antibodies were detected: AT1R (15 patients), MICA (7 patients), and anti-endothelial cell antibodies (3 patients). This constituted 26% of BNR patients. 24% percent of patients recovered with initial anti-humoral therapy. The percent of BNR with anti-HLA antibodies was 12.0% percent. Conclusion BNR is not uncommon after heart transplantation. Non-HLA antibodies are observed in approximately 26.0% percent of patients with BNR, thus, non-HLA testing is worthwhile to initiate appropriate anti-rejection therapy.
INSTRUMENTOS DE TUTELA EFETIVA E EFICAZ NA GESTÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE

Os fundamentos legais de protecao do meio ambiente, previstos na nossa Constituicao, sao excelentes. No entanto, a profusao de normas ambientais tem gerado mais conflitos do que solucoes. Verifica-se que a ocupacao dos espacos, por conta das atividades humanas e economicas, continua ocorrendo, e a degradacao ambiental e cada vez mais uma realidade. O modismo na producao de Direito Ambiental, sem efetividade e sem eficacia, necessita ser repensado, pois a questao ambiental e mais cientifica do que politica. Palavras-chave: Profusao de normas ambientais. Efetividade e eficacia. Construcao cientifica. Zoneamento ambiental e urbanistico.
Postoperative Opioid Prescribing and Consumption Patterns after Tonsillectomy

ObjectivesDespite increased concern with the opioid epidemic, literature remains scant regarding narcotic prescription and use following tonsillectomy.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study with te...
Latino Continual Demographic Growth: Implications for Educational Practices and Policy:

Demographic shifts have transformed the racial and ethnic composition of the U.S. undergraduate population. Data from the American Community Survey are used to analyze Latino undergraduate enrollme...
Doping and temperature dependence of minority carrier diffusion lengths in InGaAs/InP photodiodes

Photodetectors and photovoltaic devices composed of direct bandgap semiconductor materials absorb visible to infrared wavelengths within a few micrometers of material. Minority carrier diffusion lengths in such materials are critical in designing these optoelectronic devices for particular applications. Minority holes in InGaAs on InP are reported between 0-100°C for doping concentrations ranging between non-intentionally doped (NID) to 5E16 cm-3. At room temperature, values range between 81±8 μm for the NID sample to 34±1 μm for 5E16 cm-3. These values appear constant over the temperature range explored, implying that lifetime and mobility balance out.
The Neuropsychology of Pulmonary Disease and Lung Transplantation Complications

In addition to the impact of advanced pulmonary disease on quality of life, morbidity, and mortality, an emerging light of research suggests that advanced pulmonary conditions are associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction (Dodd, Alzheimers Res Ther 7:32, 2015). Although transient causes of impairing cognition are well-known, including hypoxia, studies over the past few years have suggested that long-term, subclinical hypoxemia and other associated risk factors confer risk of long-term cognitive impairment above and beyond their transient impact (Thakur et al., Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 5:263–269, 2010). In addition, due to the increasing number of older adults in the Baby Boomer generation and improvements in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and cancer, the burden of cognitive impairment associated with advanced pulmonary disease is projected to increase (Lopez-Campos et al., Respirology 21:14–23, 2016).
Complications following vaginal colpopexy for the repair of pelvic organ prolapse.

The primary aim of this study was to compare differences in complication rates across different types of vaginal colpopexy using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patients who underwent intra- or extraperitoneal vaginal colpopexy with or without concurrent hysterectomy were identified in the 2014–2016 NSQIP database using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification system scores, and total operating time were obtained. NSQIP-tracked 30-day codes were used to determine the complication, reoperation, and readmission rates. A total of 9546 colpopexies were performed during the study period. The mean age was 62 ± 12 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 28 ± 6 kg/m2. The majority of patients were white (73%) with an ASA class of 2 (65%). The overall rate of postoperative complications was 10.5%. The most common complications were urinary tract infections (UTI) (5.1%), transfusion (1.0%), and superficial surgical site infection (0.7%). Excluding UTI, the rate of postoperative complications was 5.4%. After performing multivariable logistic regression, higher ASA class (class 3: aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.16–2.51; class 4: aOR 3.98, 95% CI 1.51, 9.30) and extraperitoneal colpopexy with hysterectomy were independently associated with a higher odds of experiencing a non-UTI postoperative complication (aOR1.43, 95% CI 1.10, 1.84). Minority race was also independently associated with higher odds of experiencing a non-UTI postoperative complication (aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15, 1.52). One in ten women undergoing vaginal colpopexy experienced a postoperative complication. Minority race and extraperitoneal colpopexy with concurrent hysterectomy were independently associated with an increased risk of a non-UTI postoperative complication.
A cross-sectional study of inhibitory control in young children with autism spectrum disorder

Inhibitory control (IC) ability in early childhood is associated with positive socioemotional, academic, and behavioural outcomes later in life. However, inhibitory control in young children with a...
Revealing the bonding of solvated Ru complexes with valence-to-core resonant inelastic X-ray scattering

Ru-complexes are widely studied because of their use in biological applications and photoconversion technologies. We reveal novel insights into the chemical bonding of a series of Ru(II)- and Ru(III)-complexes by leveraging recent advances in high-energy-resolution tender X-ray spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. We perform Ru 2p4d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to probe the valence excitations in dilute solvated Ru-complexes. Combining these experiments with a newly developed theoretical approach based on time-dependent density functional theory, we assign the spectral features and quantify the metal–ligand bonding interactions. The valence-to-core RIXS features uniquely identify the metal-centered and charge transfer states and allow extracting the ligand-field splitting for all the complexes. The combined experimental and theoretical approach described here is shown to reliably characterize the ground and excited valence states of Ru complexes, and serve as a basis for future investigations of ruthenium, or other 4d metals active sites, in biological and chemical applications.
"If the glove fits": Hospital-wide universal gloving is associated with improved hand hygiene and may reduce Clostridioides difficile infection

Objective To determine whether a hospital-wide universal gloving program resulted in increased hand hygiene compliance and reduced inpatient Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) rates. Design We carried out a multiple-year before-and-after quasi-experimental quality improvement study. Gloving and hand hygiene compliance data as well as hospital-acquired infection rates were prospectively collected from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, by secret monitors. Settings The University of Rochester Strong Memorial Hospital, an 849-bed quaternary-care teaching hospital. Patients All adult inpatients with the exception of patients in the obstetrics unit. Interventions A hospital-wide universal gloving protocol was initiated on January 1, 2016. Results Hand hygiene compliance increased from 68% in 2015 reaching an average of 88% by 2017 (P Conclusion A universal gloving initiative was associated with a statistically significant increase in both gloving and hand hygiene compliance. CDI rates decreased during this intervention.
Teaching and Assessing for Transfer from Block-to-Text Programming in Middle School Computer Science

The growing movement to teach computer science and programming to all students is aimed at preparing students for a future that will require these skills in both Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers and non-STEM careers. Although introductory programming experiences are usually situated in easy-to-use and engaging block-based programming environments, programming in postsecondary and professional contexts involves text-based languages. This chapter describes research that examined design of introductory block-based programming experiences through Scratch that also worked to prepare middle school students for future text-based programming. Informed by new and old approaches to foster and assess transfer, the middle school curriculum aimed for an appreciation of the varied careers in computing and conceptual understanding of core algorithmic concepts to aid successful transfer to future programming contexts. Approaches to Preparation for Future Learning (PFL) in text-based programming contexts included “expansive framing” of programming skills, the use of multiple and analogous representations of computational solutions, and cognitive apprenticeship through modeling and worked examples. A unique “dynamic assessment” aimed at measuring PFL was designed with new learning in the form of text-based syntax that included connections to Scratch to help learners “see the old in the new.” This chapter details curricular design features and presents empirical findings from two studies conducted in middle school classrooms with a total of 54 students. Mixed-methods analyses of the PFL assessment and student feedback demonstrate promise of the approach given how learners were able to successfully transfer many core ideas from Scratch to text-based programming. Findings from the two iterations of this design research should inform future inquiry in this space.
The effect of a mobile integrated health program on health care cost and utilization.

OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of a mobile integrated health community paramedicine (MIH-CP) transitional care program on hospital utilization, emergency department visits, and charges. DATA SOURCES Retrospective secondary data from the electronic health record and regional health information exchange were used to analyze patients discharged from a large academic medical center and an affiliated community hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, May 2018-October 2019. STUDY DESIGN We performed an observational study comparing patients enrolled in an MIH-CP program to propensity-matched controls. Propensity scores were calculated using measures of demographics, clinical characteristics, social determinants of health, and prior health care utilization. The primary outcome is inpatient readmission within 30 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes include excess days in acute care 30 days after discharge and emergency department visits, observation hospitalizations, and total health care charges within 30 and 60 days of discharge. DATA COLLECTION Included patients were over 18 years old, discharged to home from internal/family medicine services, and live in eligible ZIP codes. The intervention group was enrolled in the MIH-CP program; controls met inclusion criteria but were not enrolled during the study period. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The adjusted model showed no difference in 30-day inpatient readmission between 464 enrolled patients and propensity-matched controls (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.89, 1.60]). There was a higher rate of observation hospitalizations within 30 days of index discharge for MIH-CP patients (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 1.78, 95% CI = [1.01, 3.14]). This difference did not persist at 60 days, and there were no differences in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant difference in short-term health care utilization or charges between patients enrolled in an MIH-CP transitional care program and propensity-matched controls. This highlights the importance of well-controlled, robust evaluations of effectiveness in novel care-delivery systems.
Clostridium difficile in Normal Infants and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: An Association with Infant Formula Feeding

Large numbers Clostridium difficile were found in the stools of two victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This prompted a study of normal infants in the SIDS age group. Thirty-two infants were studied, using two selective culture techniques and two assays for bacterial products. Thirteen of the normal infants (39%) were found to carry C difficile, and fecal toxins were detected in eight of these, four with cytotoxin detectable at 10(-4) or higher dilution. Colonization was observed in one of 13 (7%) breast-fed babies and 12 of 17 (71%) of those whose primary milk source was infant formula (P less than .01). Fecal C difficile toxin was detected only in the latter group. The isolation of C difficile or its toxins in the stools of infants with SIDS, diarrhea, or even if large quantities of fecal cytotoxin are present.
Introduction to Pharmacology

PART I- FUNDAMENTALS OF PHARMACOKINETICS Introduction Absorption and Distribution Metabolism and Elimination Drug Interaction PART II- FUNDAMENTALS OF PHARMACODYNAMICS AND TOXICODYNAMICS Drug Receptors Dose-Response Relationship Drug Toxicity Treating Drug Toxicity PART III- DRUGS THAT REPLACE, CURE, OR TREAT SYMPTOMS Hormones Chemotherapeutic Agents: Antibiotics and Anticancer Drugs Drug Treatment of Symptoms: Neuropharmacology and Substance Abuse Cardiovascular Drugs Pulmonary Pharmacology Gastrointestinal Pharmacology PART IV- DRUG DEVELOPMENT Drug Discovery by the Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Development of Drugs and the FDA Animals in Research Alternative Medicine PART V- APPENDICES, GLOSSARY, AND CALCULTIONS Appendix I: The History of Drug Abuse Laws in the United States Appendix II: Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids Appendix III: Glossary Appendix IV: Top 10 Drugs in History Appendix V: Answers to Self-Assessment Questions
Differential switched oscillators and associated antennas. Part 2

Building on previous results, switched oscillators and associated antennas are extended to new variations. Differential systems are considered with inline differential oscillators near the reflector focus for the purpose of increasing the voltage delivered to the antenna and thereby the far field. This leads to the concept of a separated reflector with two ground planes, two separated reflector foci, and a space between the ground planes for placing pulse-power equipment.
A Polypeptide Bacteriophage Receptor: Modified Cell Wall Protein Subunits in Bacteriophage-Resistant Mutants of Bacillus sphaericus Strain P-1

Bacillus sphaericus strain P-1 has previously been shown to have a tetragonally arrayed (T layer) protein which forms the outer layer of the cell wall. The T layer was quantitatively extracted from whole cells by 6 M urea, and the T layer subunits were purified by electrophoresis of the extracts on acrylamide gels containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate or 6 M urea. Using ethylene diacrylate cross-linked gels, the T layer was found to make up 16% of the total cellular protein. A virulent bacteriophage which is inactivated by purified T layer was isolated from soil. Twenty-four phage-resistant mutants were isolated, of which 17 had T layer subunits of increased mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gels. No mutants devoid of T layer were found. Mutants were grouped into six classes according to the molecular weight of their T layer subunits. These ranged from that of the wild type, 150,000 down to 86,000. Two mutants from different classes were examined in detail. Cells of the mutant strains did not adsorb phage nor did cell walls isolated from these mutants inactivate phage. The amino acid composition of the T layers from mutants differed little from that of the wild-type T layer. Images