cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topological surface modes in photonic structures

We design reconfigurable ‘all-optical’ photonic structures which can support ‘one-way’ surface modes. These modes are defined by the topology of the structures and must be robust and tolerant to external perturbations.
Economic diversity and integration in a pre-colonial Indian empire

Abstract Empires contain a multiplicity of productive systems and strategies which may be differentially integrated with each other and the center. This paper examines six aspects of agricultural and craft production in the south Indian empire of Vijayanagara (c. AD 1340–1700). Agricultural production in the diverse ecological zones of the empire was integrated primarily through Hindu temples, and trade and craft production through temples and taxation. The economic value and political role of the goods produced, as well as the location of the producers, were the principal factors in determining the nature and degree of imperial involvement in production.
41.1: Invited Paper: High Performance TFT-LCDs for AVC Applications

Advanced-Super-View (ASV) technology is proposed to achieve high performance TFT-LCDs, in this paper. The ASV-LCDs have high performance characteristics such as high contrast, high brightness, wide-viewing angle, and fast response. The ASV is very promising technology for applications of Audio-Visual Computing.
A self-aligned gate lightly doped drain (Al, Ga)As/GaAs MODFET

An asymmetrical lightly doped drain (LDD) (Al, Ga)As/GaAs modulation-doped FET (MODFET) structure with high drain-to-source and drain-to-gate breakdown voltages was fabricated. The LDD structure has a self-aligned lightly doped n/sup -/ region between the channel and a heavily doped n/sup +/ region at the drain, to reduce the electric field and impact ionization. The length of the lightly doped n/sup -/ region on the drain side was varied from 0 to 1 mu m. Drain-to-source breakdown voltage BV/sub ds/ improved from 4.6 to >10 V while the transconductance g/sub m/ remained unchanged. The drain-to-gate reverse breakdown voltage BV/sub dg/ increased from approximately=7 to >20 V. The two breakdown mechanisms are believed to be independent. The LDD MODFET should find widespread application in circuits requiring high breakdown voltage such as high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and microwave power amplifiers. >
A projector-camera setup for geometry-invariant frequency demultiplexing

Consider a projector-camera setup where a sinusoidal pattern is projected onto the scene, and an image of the objects imprinted with the pattern is captured by the camera. In this configuration, the local frequency of the sinusoidal pattern as seen by the camera is a function of both the frequency of the projected sinusoid and the local geometry of objects in the scene. We observe that, by strategically placing the projector and the camera in canonical configuration and projecting sinusoidal patterns aligned with the epipolar lines, the frequency of the sinusoids seen in the image becomes invariant to the local object geometry. This property allows us to design systems composed of a camera and multiple projectors, which can be used to capture a single image of a scene illuminated by all projectors at the same time, and then demultiplex the frequencies generated by each individual projector separately. We show how imaging systems like those can be used to segment, from a single image, the shadows cast by each individual projector - an application that we call coded shadow photography. The method is useful to extend the applicability of techniques that rely on the analysis of shadows cast by multiple light sources placed at different positions, as the individual shadows captured at distinct instants of time now can be obtained from a single shot, enabling the processing of dynamic scenes.
Shifts in microbial communities in bioaugmented grease interceptors removing fat, oil, and grease (FOG)

To understand the effect of daily bioaugmentation in full-scale grease interceptors (GIs), we compared the microbial communities occurring in two full-scale GIs during bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented cycles. The changes in microbial communities were determined using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 16S rRNA gene clone library construction. Differences in the microbial community structure between control and bioaugmented cycles were observed in all cases, although the dominant terminal restriction fragments in the biological product were not detected. The addition of bioaugmentation products and changes in the GI microbial ecology were related to differences in GI performance. Understanding the shifts due to bioaugmentation will result in more informed assessments of the benefits of bioadditives on FOG removal in GIs as well as the effects on downstream sewer lines.
Power-Law Dynamics of Membrane Conductances Increase Spiking Diversity in a Hodgkin-Huxley Model

We studied the effects of non-Markovian power-law voltage dependent conductances on the generation of action potentials and spiking patterns in a Hodgkin-Huxley model. To implement slow-adapting power-law dynamics of the gating variables of the potassium, n, and sodium, m and h, conductances we used fractional derivatives of order η≤1. The fractional derivatives were used to solve the kinetic equations of each gate. We systematically classified the properties of each gate as a function of η. We then tested if the full model could generate action potentials with the different power-law behaving gates. Finally, we studied the patterns of action potential that emerged in each case. Our results show the model produces a wide range of action potential shapes and spiking patterns in response to constant current stimulation as a function of η. In comparison with the classical model, the action potential shapes for power-law behaving potassium conductance (n gate) showed a longer peak and shallow hyperpolarization; for power-law activation of the sodium conductance (m gate), the action potentials had a sharp rise time; and for power-law inactivation of the sodium conductance (h gate) the spikes had wider peak that for low values of η replicated pituitary- and cardiac-type action potentials. With all physiological parameters fixed a wide range of spiking patterns emerged as a function of the value of the constant input current and η, such as square wave bursting, mixed mode oscillations, and pseudo-plateau potentials. Our analyses show that the intrinsic memory trace of the fractional derivative provides a negative feedback mechanism between the voltage trace and the activity of the power-law behaving gate variable. As a consequence, power-law behaving conductances result in an increase in the number of spiking patterns a neuron can generate and, we propose, expand the computational capacity of the neuron.
Surface Morphology Investigation of Au and Pt Electroless Contact on ZnCdTe Crystal by Atomic Force Microscopy

Gold and platinum metal contacts have been deposited on the cleaved and etched surfaces of ZnCdTe single crystals by “electroless” method from AuCl3, PtCl2 and PtCl4 aqueous solutions with different concentrations and deposition times. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been employed to reveal the surface morphology of metal contacts and it was found that for AuCl3 and PtCl2 solutions, the surface morphology and grain size are similar, and uniformly distributed. The surface morphology on contact made from PtCl4 shows a larger grain size, higher roughness and non-uniformity. The effect of different heat treatments to the surface morphology will be discussed.
Doppler Induced Nonlinear Photonic Crystal NEMS/MEMS

Integrating nano/micro-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) to precisely control the nanoscale structure of a photonic crystal allows novel reconfigurable and tunable optical behaviors. Applications include dynamic optical switching as well as nonlinear Doppler-induced frequency conversion.
Omissions, causation and liability

Critics of Anglo-American law have lamented for some time that our legal system fails to go as far as others in imposing criminal (or civil) liability for failures to avert harm.1 The duty not to harm is owed to all persons alike, but the duty to avert harm is owed only to a narrowly defined class of persons.2 This asymmetry requires explanation, especially in the light of legal consequences which some commentators have described as "shocking in the extreme" and "revolting to any moral sense".3 A defendant rents a canoe to an intoxicated plaintiff, who overturns it. The defendant is an excellent swimmer, but sits passively on the dock, boat and rope at hand, smoking a cigarette and watching the plaintiff drown. In Osterlind v. Hill,4 the court found no liability. One would expect powerful arguments in support of such a disappointing legal result.5 In this paper I shall discuss one such argument that is especially pervasive in legal and philosophical literature, and shall conclude that it is unconvincing. But before this argument is reconstructed and attacked, it may be helpful to identify a factor that has contributed to some confusion on this topic. Despite their implausibility, extremist positions on both sides of this controversy have attracted surprising support among commentators. Those who favour restricting liability for omissions to a few carefully limited circumstances sometimes dismiss apparent counter-examples with the tired
A Re-examination of Engel's Laws Using BLS Data (1960–61):

In recent years the validity of Engel's Laws, with reference to consumption expenditures, has been open to question. The first law was stated in 1857 in Western Europe where economic conditions wer...
Association of Industry Payments to Physicians With the Prescribing of Brand-name Statins in Massachusetts

Importance Pharmaceutical industry payments to physicians may affect prescribing practices and increase costs if more expensive medications are prescribed. Objective Determine the association between industry payments to physicians and the prescribing of brand-name as compared with generic statins for lowering cholesterol. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional linkage of the Part D Medicare prescriptions claims data with the Massachusetts physicians payment database including all licensed Massachusetts physicians who wrote prescriptions for statins paid for under the Medicare drug benefit in 2011. Main Outcomes and Measures The exposure variable was a physician’s industry payments as listed in the Massachusetts database. The outcome was the physician’s rate of prescribing brand-name statins. We used linear regression to analyze the association between the intensity of physicians’ industry relationships (as measured by total payments) and their prescribing practices, as well as the effects of specific types of payments. Results Among the 2444 Massachusetts physicians in the Medicare prescribing database in 2011, 899 (36.8%) received industry payments. The most frequent payment was for company-sponsored meals (n = 639 [71.1%]). Statins accounted for 1 559 003 prescription claims; 356 807 (22.8%) were for brand-name drugs. For physicians with no industry payments listed, the median brand-name statin prescribing rate was 17.8% (95% CI, 17.2%-18.4%). For every $1000 in total payments received, the brand-name statin prescribing rate increased by 0.1% (95% CI, 0.06%-0.13%; P P = .004); other forms of payments were not. Conclusions and Relevance Industry payments to physicians are associated with higher rates of prescribing brand-name statins. As the United States seeks to rein in the costs of prescription drugs and make them less expensive for patients, our findings are concerning.
Study on Modeling of High Level Architecture Simulation System

HLA is a standard of DIS which supports the interoperability and reusability. In this paper the model of the HLA is analyzed; then, the idea of building the virtual function module is put forward and a feasible approach is presented ,which can make simulating and modeling more efficiently.[1] Myjak M D, Duncan Clark D.RTI Interoperability Study Group Final Report[A].Paper 99F-SIW-001,1999 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop,1999. [2] U. S. DoD. High Level Achitecture Interface Specification[S]. Version 1.3,1998. [3] U. S. DoD. High Level Achitecture Object Model Template Specification [S]. Version 1.3,1998. [4] 周彦, 戴剑伟. 仿真程序设计[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002. [5] 戴剑伟, 蒋晓原, 李学军, 陈少卿. 基于 HLA 的武器对抗仿真系统开发研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2002,3. [6] 吴义明, 齐欢. 基于 HLA 的导弹对抗计算机仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2003,10.
Report of diabetes survey in public security officers in Chenggu county

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM) and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)in public security officers.Study the correlation between diabetes and blood sugar,age and body mass index(BMI).Methods: Investigated the whole public security staff with glucose oxidase method.Results: The prevalence of DM and IGT was 6.21% and 7.60% in public security officers.The pevalence increased with the increase of age and BMI.Conclusion: Public security personnel is diabetes high-risk groups,strengthen physical exercise,optimize lifestyle are meaningful for preventing diabetes.
Efficacy of Routine Postoperative CT Scan After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Acetabulum.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of routine postoperative computed tomography (CT) scan after open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures. DESIGN Retrospective review of prospectively collected acetabulum fracture database. SETTING Level I trauma center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS A total of 606 consecutive patients underwent surgical fixation of 612 acetabular fractures. All patients were evaluated with intraoperative fluoroscopy in addition to 3 standard plain radiographs (AP pelvis and two 45 degrees oblique Judet views). Reduction and fixation were believed to be adequate and definitive before exiting the operative suite based on these imaging modalities. INTERVENTION Axial postoperative CT scan of the pelvis was obtained in 563 of the patients (93%) after 569 operative cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Revision acetabular surgery based on routine postoperative CT scan findings. RESULTS There were no significant differences between index and revision surgery groups regarding age, gender, body mass index, fracture pattern, mechanism of injury, or surgical approach (P > 0.05). Evaluation of 563 postoperative CT scans of the pelvis resulted in revision acetabular surgery for 2.5% of patients (n = 14). There were 6 (1.1%) cases of intraarticular hardware not recognized on the intraoperative fluoroscopy or pelvic radiographs. Four patients (0.7%) had residual intraarticular osteochondral fragments deemed too large to leave in the hip joint. There were 3 cases (0.5%) of unacceptable malreduction, and 1 case (0.2%) of both malreduction and an intraarticular osteochondral fragment. CONCLUSIONS A small percentage of patients (2.5%) will benefit from a routine CT scan after acetabular fracture fixation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Experimental demonstration of the presence of a state of quiescence of neoplastic cells

Cancer cells were identified circulating in the vena cava and aortic blood of animals bearing a cecal tumor. Tumor takes were obtained in only 2% of the animals inoculated subcutaneously with 2000 cancer cells. If however they were subjected to repeated laparotomies and massage of the tumor area the takes were increased to 48% of the animals. These studies demonstrate that stress applied by many means can reduce the host resistence to an extent that the dormant cell could riactivate and reproduce the tumor.
A literature overview of knowledge sharing between Petri nets and ontologies

Knowledge representation is a subarea of artificial intelligence concerned with using formal symbols to represent a set of facts within a knowledge domain. Two popular knowledge representation languages, namely Petri net and ontology, are promising knowledge sharing and reusing methods in knowledge engineering. The combination of Petri net and ontology can facilitate achieving complementary advantages. Currently, many efforts have been done on knowledge sharing between Petri nets and ontologies. To investigate these issues and more importantly serve as identifying the direction of knowledge sharing between Petri nets and ontologies, in this paper we give a comprehensive literature overview of knowledge sharing between Petri net models and ontology models to satisfy the obvious need. In detail, we discuss the knowledge sharing from two aspects: the different knowledge representation approaches of ontology to represent and reason Petri net and issues of constructing Petri net from ontology. In addition, other important issues on applications and directions for future research are discussed in detail.
Motion analysis of multi-axial road simulators

Modern simulators represent a combination of very sophisticated mechanical fixturing driven by hydraulic actuators under computer control. So state-of-the-art techniques and tecluiology are require...
Leakage detection in wire-bonding gas supply system

A leakage detection system and a method used for detecting leakages in the wire bonding gas supply system are introduced. The leakage detection system is connected to the pipeline remotely from the gas outlet. The detection module receives flow rate signal and monitors the flow rate changes that represent the leakage in the pipeline. The importance of leakage detection in wire bonding system will be introduced first. The process of determining the reference flow rate and leakage detection will be illustrated thereafter. An impedance system is then highlighted so as to amplify the changes. The amplification helps to facilitate a more accurate measurement. The experiments are executed through the use of artificial leakages. The results show that any repetition of leakages can be successfully detected.
Risk Factor Modification Behaviors of Practicing Vascular Surgeons

Background National smoking rates have declined; however, it remains the primary modifiable risk factor for nearly all vascular disease. While vascular surgeons have the availability to treat patients via medical or surgical/endovascular means, involvement in risk factor modification may be lacking. This study seeks to understand vascular surgeons' involvement in tobacco cessation and risk factor modification and to determine if practice variables had any effect on provision of these services to vascular surgery patients. Methods Anonymous electronic surveys examining tobacco cessation and risk factor modification were sent to the Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Society members (n = 633). Influence of time from training, practice type (dichotomized into academic and nonacademic vascular surgeons), hospital size, region, and workload was assessed, and data were analyzed by univariate contingency tables. Results A total of 149 (24%) surveys were completed. While the majority of respondents ask patient's smoking status (97%), assess willingness to quit (84%), and advise patients to quit (95%), only 34% prescribe medications to assist in cessation, 7% see patients in tobacco cessation follow-up, and 3% verify cessation with cotinine levels or carbon monoxide monitoring. Surgeons who prescribed medications for cessation are more likely to assess patient's willingness to quit, prescribe/advise nicotine replacement, or prescribe initial statin or other lipid-lowering medications. There was no difference in perceived education received during training in risk factor modification, but only 26% of respondents thought they were well trained. Comparing academic to private practice vascular surgeons, there was no difference in cessation techniques used; however, academic surgeons were less likely to perform endovascular procedures for claudication in patients who continued to smoke (29% vs. 46%, P = 0.03) and more likely to prescribe an initial antihyperlipid medication (65% vs. 39%, P = 0.0018). Conclusions Tobacco dependence remains a critical issue for vascular surgery patients; however, there is wide variation in cessation techniques used. The majority of vascular surgeons are not well versed in cessation techniques and risk factor modification, and thus, efforts should be made to provide this education in vascular surgery training programs.
A virtual laboratory approach for risk assessment of aerospace electronics trust techniques

This paper describes a novel aerospace electronic component risk assessment methodology and supporting virtual laboratory structure designed to augment existing supply chain management practices and aid in Microelectronics Trust Assurance. This toolkit and methodology applies structure to the unclear and evolving risk assessment problem, allowing quantification of key risks affecting both advanced and obsolete systems that rely on semiconductor technologies. The impacts of logistics & supply chain risk, technology & counterfeit risk, and faulty component risk on trusted and non-trusted procurement options are quantified. The benefits of component testing on part reliability are assessed and incorporated into counterfeit mitigation calculations. This toolkit and methodology seek to assist acquisition staff by providing actionable decision data regarding the increasing threat of counterfeit components by assessing the risks faced by systems, identifying mitigation strategies to reduce this risk, and resolving these risks through the optimal test and procurement path based on the component criticality risk tolerance of the program.
Acute Stress Time-dependently Modulates Multiple Memory Systems

Acute stress has been shown to modulate the engagement of different memory systems, leading to preferential expression of stimulus-response (SR) rather than episodic context memory when both types of memory can be used. However, questions remain regarding the cognitive mechanism that underlies this bias in humans-specifically, how each form of memory is individually influenced by stress in order for SR memory to be dominant. Here we separately measured context and SR memory and investigated how each was influenced by acute stress after learning (Experiment 1) and before retrieval (Experiment 2). We found that postlearning stress, in tandem with increased adrenergic activity during learning, impaired consolidation of context memory and led to preferential expression of SR rather than context memory. Preretrieval stress also impaired context memory, albeit transiently. Neither postlearning nor preretrieval stress changed the expression of SR memory. However, individual differences in cortisol reactivity immediately after learning were associated with variability in initial SR learning. These results reveal novel cognitive mechanisms by which stress can modulate multiple memory systems.
Disfluent Font Can Hinder Sight-Word Acquisition in Students With Intellectual Disability:

Students with intellectual disability often have difficulty reading commonly used words. Researchers have found altering printed text from fluent, easy-to-read font, to disfluent, difficult-to-read...
Pre-clinical nerve ligation models: behavior and electrophysiology

The effects of nerve injury have been studied for a long time. However, early studies typically examined the electrophysiological and anatomical effects of complete sectioning of the sciatic nerve and it was assumed that the animal was experiencing pain. In 1988, a more meaningful model for neuropathic pain was introduced by Bennett and Xie [1]. Most importantly, the model used by Bennett and Xie [1] allowed for the quantification of behaviors that are likely associated with neuropathic pain. Determining the effect of various manipulations on behavioral endpoints provides a valuable tool to examine the potential mechanisms involved in neuropathic pain.
An Objective for Polymers with Unusual Properties: Polymers with Delocalized Electronic States

Research in the last decade has shown that polymers with delocalized electronic states have unusual properties such as electronic conduction, liquid crystalline behavior, and accentuated linear and nonlinear optical behavior. The restriction of chain mobility which often accompanies delocalized polyaromatic structures presents a considerable challenge in the preparation of tractable systems that are required for the generation of fundamental knowledge. Some selected highlights of the interesting synthetic Chemistry which has been developed to address this challenge is provided in this overview. Research discussed is that associated with a Navy perspective, and includes the personal research of the author and that of scientists supported by the Office of Naval Research.
Recent developments in the chemistry of metal oxopolyazides.

The recent acomplished syntheses of novel metal oxopolyazides VO(N3)3, NbO(N3)3, NbO(N3)3·2CH3CN, MoO(N3)3, MoO(N3)3·2CH3CN, WO(N3)4, WO(N3)4·CH3CN, MoO2(N3)2, MoO2(N3)2·2CH3CN, WO2(N3)2, WO2(N3)2·2CH3CN and UO2(N3)2·CH3CN by the author is reviewed. The conversion of the compounds into 2,2′-bipyridine donor adducts and oxaazido metallates is discribed. The properties and X-ray crystal structures of the metal oxopolyazides are compared and discussed.
gExtractor: Automated Extraction of Malware Deception Parameters for Autonomous Cyber Deception

The lack of agility in cyber defense gives adversaries a significant advantage for discovering cyber targets and planning their attacks in stealthy and undetectable manner. While it is very hard to detect or predict attacks, adversaries can always scan the network, learn about countermeasures, and develop new evasion techniques. Active Cyber Deception (ACD) has emerged as effective means to reverse this asymmetry in cyber warfare by dynamically orchestrating the cyber deception environment to mislead attackers and corrupting their decision-making process. However, developing an efficient active deception environment usually requires human intelligence and analysis to characterize the attackers’ behaviors (e.g., malware actions). This manual process significantly limits the capability of cyber deception to actively respond to new attacks (malware) and in a timely manner.
Towards Building a Strong Transformer Neural Machine Translation System

Transformer model based on self-attention mechanism [17] has achieved state-of-the-art in recent evaluations. However, it is still unclear how much room there is for improvement of the translation system based on this model. In this paper we further explore how to build a stronger neural machine system from four aspects, including architectural improvements, diverse ensemble decoding, reranking, and post-processing. Experimental results on CWMT-18 Chinese \(\leftrightarrow \) English tasks show that our approach can consistently improve the translation performance of 2.3–3.8 BLEU points than the strong baseline. Particularly, we find that ensemble decoding with a large number of diverse models is crucial for significant improvement.
Abstract IA28: Nanodisc platform technology for cancer vaccination

Recent innovations in DNA/RNA sequencing have allowed for the identification of patient-specific tumor neo-antigens, ushering in the new era of personalized cancer vaccines. Peptide vaccines in general may serve as an ideal platform for neo-antigen vaccines, but the therapeutic efficacy of peptide vaccines have been limited in clinical trials. Here we present an alternative strategy where preformed nanodiscs based on synthetic high density lipoproteins, with an established clinical manufacturing procedure and excellent safety profiles in humans, are readily formulated with adjuvants and antigen peptides. We show that these nanodiscs can efficiently deliver immunostimulatory molecules and antigens, including neo-antigens to draining lymph nodes. Notably, nanodiscs elicited up to 47-fold greater frequency of tumor neoantigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) than soluble vaccines in mice and even 31-fold greater than the standard adjuvant in clinical trials (i.e. CpG in Montanide). When nanodisc vaccination was combined with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, ~88% complete response was observed in MC-38 tumor-bearing mice, compared with 25% response rate in the control group that received soluble vaccine plus anti-PD-1 therapy. In more aggressive B16F10 melanoma model, nanodiscs delivering multiple MHC class I and class II neo-epitopes were combined with α-PD-1/α-CTLA-4 therapy, leading ~90% complete response in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice, compared with ~38% response rate in the control group with soluble vaccine plus α-PD-1/α-CTLA-4 therapy. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the efficacy of nanodisc technology using shared tumor antigens in murine models of HPV+ mucosal tumors. The reproductive tract tumor model was established in C57BL/6 mice by intravaginal administration of luciferase-expressing TC-1 cells, a surrogate for HPV-induced human tumors, such as cervical carcinoma. The lung metastasis model was established by intravenous injection of luciferase-expressing TC-1 tumor cells. In mice bearing intravaginal or lung TC-1 tumors, two nanodisc vaccinations with HPV16 E7 antigen generated the peak frequency of ~35% tetramer+ CTLs in peripheral blood and eliminated established TC-1 tumors in the majority of animals (without immune checkpoint blockade). Owning to the facile production process, robust therapeutic efficacy, and good safety profiles, our nano-vaccine technology offers a powerful and convenient platform for vaccination using personalized as well as shared tumor antigens. Citation Format: James J. Moon. Nanodisc platform technology for cancer vaccination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA28.
Simulation optimization for planning product transitions in semiconductor manufacturing facilities

The introduction of a new product into a semiconductor manufacturing facility can have significant adverse effects on both current and new products. We combine a simulation model of a simplified production system and a learning model to optimize releases of old and new products using simulation optimization. Our results show that the simulation optimization model yields significant improvements in performance over simple alternatives, and provides insights into the structure of optimal release policies.
Interaction of B\((OH)_3^0 \) and \(HCO_3^ - \) in Seawater: Formation of B\((OH)_2 CO_3^ - \)

Boron is known to interact with a wide variety of protonated ligands(HL) creating complexes of the form B(OH)2L-.Investigation of the interaction of boric acid and bicarbonate in aqueoussolution can be interpreted in terms of the equilibrium $$B(OH)_3^0 + HCO_3^ - \rightleftharpoons B(OH)_2 CO_3^ - + H_2 O$$ The formation constant for this reaction at 25 °C and 0.7 molkg-1 ionic strength is $$K_{BC} = \left[ {B(OH)_2 CO_3^ - } \right]\left[ {B(OH)_3^0 } \right]^{ - 1} \left[ {HCO_3^ - } \right]^{ - 1} = 2.6 \pm 1.7$$ where brackets represent the total concentration of each indicatedspecies. This formation constant indicates that theB(OH)2 $$CO_3^ - $$ concentration inseawater at 25 °C is on the order of 2 μmol kg-1. Dueto the presence of B(OH)2 $$CO_3^ - $$ , theboric acid dissociation constant ( $$K\prime _B $$ ) in natural seawaterdiffers from $$K\prime _B $$ determined in the absence of bicarbonate byapproximately 0.5%. Similarly, the dissociation constants of carbonicacid and bicarbonate in natural seawater differ from dissociation constantsdetermined in the absence of boric acid by about 0.1%. Thesedifferences, although small, are systematic and exert observable influenceson equilibrium predictions relating CO2 fugacity, pH, totalcarbon and alkalinity in seawater.
Behavioral flexibility of a generalist carnivore.

Innovative problem solving, repeated innovation, learning, and inhibitory control are cognitive abilities commonly regarded as important components of behaviorally flexible species. Animals exhibiting these cognitive abilities may be more likely to adapt to the unique demands of living in novel and rapidly changing environments, such as urbanized landscapes. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are an abundant, generalist species frequently found in urban habitats, and are capable of innovative problem solving, which makes them an ideal species to assess their behavioral flexibility. We gave 20 captive raccoons a multi-access puzzle box to investigate which behavioral and cognitive mechanisms enable the generation of innovative and flexible behaviors in this species. Over two-thirds of raccoons tested were not only capable of innovative problem solving, but displayed repeated innovation by solving more than one solution on the multi-access puzzle box and demonstrated that they learned multiple solutions to a novel problem. Although we found no relationship between our measure of inhibitory control and a raccoon’s ability to exhibit repeated innovations, we did find a positive relationship between the diversity of behaviors that an individual exhibited when interacting with the problem and the number of solution types that they solved. We identified other predictors of problem-solving performance, including neophobia and persistence. Finally, we examine the implications of our results in the context of the cognitive-buffer hypothesis and consider whether the widespread success of an adaptive generalist carnivore could be due in part to having these cognitive and behavioral traits.
Effects of External Noise on Complexity in Two Dimensional Driven Damped Dynamical System

We consider the following Langevin equation with two dimensional driven damped dynamical system (2-D DDDS)1 $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{{\dot X}_1} = {X_2}} \\ {{{\dot X}_2} = A\cos (2\pi {X_3}) + B{X_1} + CX_1^3 - (CX_1^2 - E){X_2} + {F_w}} \\ {{{\dot X}_3} = \omega /2\pi } \end{array}$$ (1) where Fw is Gaussian white noise which has the properties $$ = 0$$ (2) $$ = 2{D_F}\delta (t - s)$$ (3) where DF, is diffusion coefficient, S the Dirac delta function. Eq.(2) and (3) completely determines all of its statistical feature.
Comparison between 2-D GPS dTEC Data Maps and Digisonde Observations over the South American and Atlantic Regions

While GNSS-derived absolute total electron content (TEC) measurements contain a wealth of information on the state of the ionosphere, certain ionospheric phenomena are most clearly discernable by examining the detrended TEC data instead. Such phenomena include traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) and equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs). We have developed a TEC data detrending procedure [Pradipta et al., 2015] that is inherently capable of distinguishing between wavelike fluctuations associated with TIDs and deep depletions associated with EPBs. Subsequent 2-D geospatial latitude/longitude mapping of net detrended TEC (dTEC) values from 200 + stations in South America reveal the spatial structures of EPBs over that region (in close alignment with the geomagnetic meridian), and their drift movement throughout the evening. These 2-D latitude/longitude maps of detrended TEC allow us to gain good spatial awareness on the presence of ionospheric irregularities over the area, but some additional validation from independent measurement data would be useful to confirm the data products.
Curcumin and Cancer

Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa in 1815, has gained attention from scientists worldwide for its biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral), among which its anticancer potential has been the most described and still remains under investigation. The present review focuses on the cell signaling pathways involved in cancer development and proliferation, and which are targeted by curcumin. Curcumin has been reported to modulate growth factors, enzymes, transcription factors, kinase, inflammatory cytokines, and proapoptotic (by upregulation) and antiapoptotic (by downregulation) proteins. This polyphenol compound, alone or combined with other agents, could represent an effective drug for cancer therapy.
Mobilizing Gendered Piety in Sri Lanka’s Contemporary Bhikkhuni Ordination Dispute

Since the late 1980s, in defiance of Sri Lanka’s major monastic fraternities (nikayas) and the government, Buddhist women and men have begun to organize across distinctions of national boundary and Buddhist tradition to reinstate a defunct bhikkhuni ordination lineage for renunciant women. Drawing on fieldwork from the winter of 2015–16, this article considers some of the strategies by which Sri Lanka’s bhikkhunis and their supporters constitute the burgeoning lineage(s) as both legitimate and necessary for the continued health and vitality of an otherwise ailing Buddhist sasana. I argue that Sri Lanka’s bhikkhunis engage in highly-visible forms of adherence to vinaya rules and social expectations for ideal monastic behavior set against a popular discourse about the laxity of male renunciants. Such engagement is both political and soteriological; while it is aimed at fulfilling legitimizing gendered expectations of women’s piety, it is expressed primarily in terms of the eradication of personal and societal suffering through forms of practice that accord with the ideal of a pious monastic. Thus, in contrast to discourses which locate bhikkhunis as subjects whose presence weakens the sasana’s duration and strength, in this new discourse Sri Lanka’s bhikkhunis become virtuous agents of social service and moral restoration. The article concludes by identifying emerging connections between this discourse and an alreadygendered xenophobic Buddhist nationalism.
3D Model Facilitated Zero-Ischemia Laparoscopic Nephron Sparing Resection in Nephroblastomatosis Following the Addition of Cis-Retinoic Acid.

Abstract There are limited reports of laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery (LNSS) in children and none where a 3D model facilitated oncological resection. There are also limited reports discussing the use of cis-retinoic acid in bilateral diffuse hyperplastic perilobar nephrogenic rests (DHPLNR). We report the first case of a 3D model facilitated zero-ischemia LNSS in children and the first following treatment with cis-retinoic acid. The patient was a 3-year-old girl with bilateral DHPLNR who had recurrent disease following standard therapy. She had suspicious lesions in the upper pole of the left kidney. Both were completely excised and histologically described as hyperplastic nephrogenic rests.
Improving Health-Care Systems by Disease Prediction

Health-care generates a large amount of data, the task is to collect this data and effectively use it for analysis, prediction, and treatment. A better approach to health-care is to prevent a disease with early intervention rather than taking a treatment after it is diagnosed. There are systems that give information on treatment for diseases but not a lot of systems predict the possibility of having a disease. The aim of this research is to predict whether a person might have diabetes or not. The data set will contain the patient ID, gender, age, symptoms, glucose level, blood pressure, BMI etc. The outcome will be either 1 or 0, where, 1 meaning the patient is diabetic and 0 meaning the patient is not. There are 4 types of diabetes: Gestational Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes. The system will predict the type 2 diabetes the person might have based on the data provided. The main goal of the project is to try to increase the accuracy of the prediction. This can be done using machine learning prediction algorithms. It works well in handling multidimensional and multi-variety data in dynamic environments. One of the limitations is machine learning needs a lot of training data which might be cumbersome to work with. The outcome of this research depends on how accurate the data set is. This paper also focuses on a comparison of 5 prediction algorithms which are Artificial Neural Networks, Logistic Regression, KNearest Neighbors, Decision Tree and Random Forest algorithm. According to the results, neural networks produce the highest accuracy after model evaluation.
Are Men Who Pay for Sex Sexist? Masculinity and Client Attitudes Toward Gender Role Equality in Different Prostitution Markets:

Prostitution clients’ attitudes toward gender equality are important indicators of how masculinity relates to the demand for commercial sexual services. Research on male client misogyny has been in...
Prospects for n-type doping of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys

We systematically explore the properties of group-IV (C, Si, Ge, and Sn) and transition metal (Hf, Zr, and Ta) dopants substituting on the cation site in (AlxGa1−x)2O3 (AlGO) alloys using first-principles calculations with a hybrid functional. In Ga2O3, each of these dopants acts as a shallow donor. In Al2O3, they are deep defects characterized by the formation of either DX centers or positive-U (+/0) levels. Combining our calculations of dopant charge-state transition levels with information of the AlGO alloy band structure, we estimate the critical Al composition at which each dopant transitions from being a shallow to a deep donor. We identify Si to be the most efficient dopant to achieve n-type conductivity in high Al-content AlGO alloys, acting as a shallow donor over the entire predicted stability range for AlGO solid solution alloys.
The anterior incisural width as a preoperative indicator for intradural space evaluation: An anatomical investigation.

Background The opticocarotid triangle (OCT) and the carotico-oculomotor triangle (COT) are two anatomical triangles used in accessing the interpeduncular region. Our objective is to evaluate if the anterior incisural width (AIW) is an indicator to predict the intraoperative exposure through both triangles. Methods Twenty sides of 10 cadaveric heads were dissected and analyzed. The heads were divided into the following: Group A - narrow anterior incisura and Group B - wide anterior incisura - using 26.6 mm as a cutoff distance of the AIW. Subsequently, the area of the COT and the OCT in the transsylvian approach was measured, along with the maximum widths through the two trajectories in modified superior transcavernous approach. Results The COT in the wide group was shown to have a significantly larger area compared with the COT in the narrow group (38.4 ± 12.64 vs. 58.3 ± 15.72 mm, P < 0.01). No difference between the two groups was reported in terms of the area of the OCT (50.9 ± 19.22 mm vs. 63.5 ± 15.53 mm, P = 0.20), the maximum width of the OCT (6.6 ± 1.89 vs. 6.5 ± 1.38 mm, P = 1.00), or the maximum width of the COT (11.7 ± 2.06 vs. 12.2 ± 2.32 mm, P = 0.50). Clinical cases were included. Conclusion An AIW <26.6 mm is an unfavorable factor related to a limited COT area in a transsylvian approach for pathologies at the interpeduncular fossa. Preoperative identification and measurement of a narrow AIW can suggest the need to add a transcavernous approach.
DataStates: Towards Lightweight Data Models for Deep Learning.

A key emerging pattern in deep learning applications is the need to capture intermediate DNN model snapshots and preserve or clone them in explore a large number of alternative training and/or inference paths. However, with increasing model complexity and new training approaches that mix data, model, pipeline and layer-wise parallelism, this pattern is challenging to address in a scalable and efficient manner. To this end, this position paper advocates for rethinking how to represent and manipulate DNN learning models. It relies on a broader notion of data states, a collection of annotated, potentially distributed data sets (tensors in the case of DNN models) that AI applications can capture at key moments during the runtime and revisit/reuse later. Instead explicitly interacting with the storage layer (e.g., write to a file), users can “tag” DNN models at key moments during runtime with metadata that expresses attributes and persistency/movement semantics. A high-performance runtime is the responsible to interpret the metadata and perform the necessary actions in the background, while offering a rich interface to find data states of interest. Using this approach has benefits at several levels: new capabilities, performance portability, high performance and scalability.
Obstruction-invariant occupant localization using footstep-induced structural vibrations

Abstract In this paper, we characterize the effects of obstructions on footstep-induced floor vibrations to enable obstruction-invariant indoor occupant localization. Occupant localization is important in smart building applications such as smart healthcare and energy management. Maintenance and installment requirements limit the application of current sensing approaches (e.g., mobile-based, RF-based, and pressure-based sensing) in real-life applications. To overcome these limitations, prior work has utilized footstep-induced structural vibrations for occupant localization. The main intuition behind these approaches is that the footstep-induced floor vibration waves take different amounts of time to arrive at different sensors. These Time-Differences-of-Arrival (TDoA) can then be leveraged to locate the footstep by assuming similar velocities between the footstep and various sensor locations. This assumption makes these approaches suitable for open areas; however, real buildings have various types of obstructions (e.g., walls, furniture, etc.) which affect wave propagation velocities and hence significantly reduce localization accuracy. Therefore, the prior work requires unobstructed paths between footsteps and sensors for accurate occupant localization, which increases the sensing density requirement and thus, instrumentation and maintenance costs. We have observed that the obstruction mass is one of the key factors in affecting the wave propagation velocity and reducing the localization accuracy. Therefore, to overcome the obstruction challenge, we localize footsteps by considering different velocities between the footsteps and sensors depending on the existence and mass of obstruction on the wave path. Specifically, we (1) detect and estimate the mass of the obstruction by characterizing the wave attenuation rate, (2) use this estimated mass to find the propagation velocities for localization by modeling the velocity-mass relationship through the lamb wave characteristics, and (3) introduce a non-isotropic multilateration approach which robustly leverages these propagation velocities to locate the footsteps (and the occupants). In field experiments, we achieved average localization error of 0.61 meters, which is (1) the same as the average localization error when there is no obstruction and (2) 1.6X improvement compared to the baseline approach.
Clinical diagnostic predictive score for Meckel diverticulum.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Meckel diverticulum (MD) is present in 2% of the population. Many practitioner feel the diagnosis relies upon technetium-99 m pertechnetate scintigraphy. When negative, patients undergo additional invasive procedures delaying definitive therapy. This study aims to identify features of bleeding MD and generate a risk score, which could preclude unnecessary testing and facilitate earlier operation. Methods: All patients Results: A total of 215 patients presented with hematochezia out of which 42 patients with MD were identified. Predictive variables included infant (OR 7, 95%CI 2–29) and toddler (OR 20, 95%CI 8–50) age groups, duration Conclusions: This scoring system identifies children with bleeding MD who may benefit from exploratory surgery without undergoing endoscopy. This novel scoring system can be applied to provide accurate clinical diagnosis, reduce unnecessary tests and allow prompt surgical management.