cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring Different Problem Formulations to Evaluate Environmental Impacts of Aviation

The environmental and economic impact of new aircraft is a function of both aircraft performance and the airline’s use of new and existing aircraft, so the tool used to study the impact of new aircraft concepts and technologies need to incorporate not only the performance of the new aircraft, but also how these new and existing aircraft are used by the airlines. The Fleet Level Environmental Evaluation Tool (FLEET) uses an aircraft allocation model to study the impact of new aircraft on eet-level metrics. In order to run meaningful \what-if" studies, the aircraft allocation must be done quickly and also replicate real-world airline behavior as well as possible. This paper looks at various problem formulations of the aircraft allocation problem. A prot maximizing objective function with bounded inequality constraints on passenger demand yielded the best results in terms of quality and solve time.
Neutron Reflection Study of Surface Enrichment in an Isotopic Polymer Blend

We have measured neutron reflectivities from the surface of films of deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) and protonated polystyrene (PS) blends before and after annealing, and used the results to determine the concentration versus depth profile of the films. After annealing, the surface is enriched in d-PS, with a surface excess proportional to the bulk concentration of d-PS, in agreement with previous measurements using forward recoil spectrometry[l]. The decay of the enhanced concentration into the bulk occurs over a length approximately equal to the bulk correlation length (∼200 A), in closeagreement with that predicted by current mean-field theoryometry[2]. However, the agreement between the experimental reflectivity curves and the fitted curves is not completely adequate. Figure 1, a plot of k 4 R against k, demonstrates thi point for a 15% d-PS sample. The dashed line is the best fit assuming the mean field profile. The inset shows the corresponding concentration profile and a trial profile, solidline, which fits the data much better. The small deviation between the theoretical and trial profiles may be due to the assumption of the theory that surface interactions leading to enrichment is short ranged.
Current Practices in Job Matching for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Date Presented 4/17/2015 Job matching is the collaborative, data-based, decision-making process used by transition teams to determine the best fit between an individual’s abilities and preferences and the job’s environmental and occupational demands. Results support use of consistent, data-driven, person-centered processes.
An improved technique for rapid infusion of warmed fluid using a Level 1 Fluid Warmer.

La modification decrite du rechauffeur de liquide de Level 1 donne un systeme simple, facile a utiliser, relativement economique pour la perfusion rapide de liquides normothermiques chez les malades dans un etat critique
The Future of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine

For centuries, biologists have studied salamanders that can regrow entire new limbs after amputation. Flatworms, when beheaded, grow a new head from the beheaded corpse (and the severed head grows a new body).1 All species, from bacteria to plants to animals, can regenerate to some degree, and it has been said that without regeneration, there could be no life.2 In fact, humans regenerate many of their tissues, including skin, blood, liver, and intestinal mucosa, routinely, efficiently, and often perfectly. Skeletal muscle regenerates remarkably well; every time we strain a muscle, muscle stem cells repair the injury, and this is a key component of the conditioning associated with exercise training. But the adult human heart appears to have little of the regenerative ability of our skeletal muscles. The challenge of this limitation has triggered considerable enthusiasm in using different types of stem cells to repair failing human hearts. We will not review this substantial effort in human cardiac cell therapy, because expert reviews have been published recently.3–5 Here, we attempt to predict where regenerative biology and its translational discipline, regenerative medicine, will take us in the future, with a focus on cardiovascular medicine. Regenerative biology has many definitions, but a simple one is the study of how organisms replace lost or damaged tissue with new tissue. We are now entering an era where regenerative biology is turning from science fiction into science, with realistic regenerative medical applications beginning to emerge. This change is based on a broader and more fundamental understanding of cell biology, and this new view has laid a foundation for the potential repair of organs that were previously viewed as being incapable of regeneration or even modest repair. The explosion of interest in regenerating diseased hearts and other organs is being fueled by …
Task Complexity in Conjoint Vignettes: Some Empirical Findings with Marketing Implications

This empirical investigation examines variations in measures of task-complexity as a result of using different conjoint vignettes. The two most commonly used conjoint vignette techniques for stimulus description are comparatively evaluated: Two-Factor-Evaluation and Multiple-Factor-Evaluation Vignette Techniques. The empirical findings on the comparative analysis on task­complexity in conjoint vignettes and their implications for market-researchers and users of conjoint analysis are also discussed.
Normal and abnormal physiology, pharmacology, and anatomy of the gastroesophageal junction high‐pressure zone

The high-pressure zone of the gastroesophageal junction acts as a multifunctional valve that comprises different groups of smooth muscles located in the distal esophagus and the proximal stomach, in addition to the extrinsic crural diaphragm, composed of skeletal muscle. In this review article, we evaluate the current literature with respect to human subjects, discussing the anatomic locations and physiologic and pharmacologic processes controlling these muscles. These muscles work individually and as a group to prevent reflux of gastric contents while allowing anterograde passage of food and liquid and retrograde passage of gas. We also reviewed new findings with respect to abnormalities that are permissive of reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, which may lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Spinal Nerve Tolerance to Single-Session Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy (SABR)

Purpose This study was performed to determine the dose-related incidence of neuropathy from single-session irradiation of the C6-C8 spinal nerves using a pig model and to test the hypothesis that the spinal nerves and spinal cord have the same tolerance to full cross-sectional irradiation. Methods and Materials Twenty-five Yucatan minipigs received study treatment. Each animal underwent computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for treatment planning, followed by single-session stereotactic ablative radiation therapy. A 1.5-cm length of the left-sided C6, C7, and C8 spinal nerves was targeted. Pigs were distributed into 5 groups with prescription doses of 16 (n = 7), 18 (5), 20 (5), 22 (5), or 24 (3) Gy with corresponding maximum nerve doses of 17.3, 19.5, 21.6, 24.1, and 26.2 Gy. The neurologic status of all animals was followed for approximately 52 weeks by serial electrodiagnostic examination and daily observation of gait. Histopathologic examination of paraffin-embedded sections with Luxol fast blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining was performed on bilateral spinal nerves and the spinal cord. Results Marked gait change was observed in 15 of the 25 irradiated pigs. Affected animals presented with a limp in their left front limb, and electromyography demonstrated evidence of denervation in C6 and C7 innervated muscles. Probit analysis showed the ED50 for gait change after irradiation of the spinal nerves to be 19.7 Gy (95% confidence interval, 18.5-21.1). The latency for all responding pigs was 9 to 15 weeks after irradiation. All symptomatic pigs had demyelination and fibrosis in their irradiated nerves, whereas contralateral nerves and spinal cord were normal. Conclusions The ED50 for symptomatic neuropathy after full cross-sectional irradiation of the spinal nerves was found to be 19.7 Gy. The dose response of the C6-C8 spinal nerves is not significantly different from that of full cross-sectional irradiation of the spinal cord as observed in companion studies.
Vitalism, Pragmatism, and the Future of Phenomenology

Megan Craig traces the historical and philosophical intersections between Henri Bergson and William James to illustrate the degree to which pragmatism and phenomenology share common roots. Their collaborative efforts helped each of them to conceive of life beyond the reductive dualities between the spiritual and the material, the ideal or the real. Though their works were singular and in many ways incomparable, both sensed the urgency of turning philosophy toward the pressing ethical/political problems of their time, spurring the discipline toward more inclusive, inventive, and activist research. Through their challenges to mechanism, use of imagery, and commitments to pluralism, they collectively laid the ground for a Pragmatic Phenomenology that has yet to be fully explored and whose broad implications have yet to be articulated.
Innovative of mechanical top clamp fixture calibration through load cell methodology

3D imaging module was integrated by 3 Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) which consists of Main Board (MB), Projector Mini Board (PMB) and 2 Camera Module (2CAM). A piece of thin liner will then attach underneath of the module to strengthen the structure and as heat transfer mechanism. In order to achieve product specification on module thickness and flatness, a mechanical top clamp fixture with plungers was designed to flatten the module during liner assembly prior to curing process. Regular calibration on mechanical top clamp plungers are required in order to maintain a consistency of each plunger force in flattening the module. However, conventional calibration with feeler gauge method is time consuming which required to measure and adjusting the plungers lever to it optimized level. This paper share the new developed calibration method with load cell vs conventional calibration approach, working principle, advantages and result. This innovation have improved 2x top clamp fixture calibrated per day.
Exploring the Development of Ground-State Destabilization and Transition-State Stabilization in Two Directed Evolution Paths of Kemp Eliminases.

Computer-aided enzyme design presents a major challenge since in most cases it has not resulted in an impressive catalytic power. The reasons for the problems with computational design include the use of nonquantitative approaches, but they may also reflect other difficulties that are not completely obvious. Thus, it is very useful to try to learn from the trend in directed evolution experiments. Here we explore the nature of the refinement of Kemp eliminases by directed evolution, trying to gain an understanding of related requirements from computational design. The observed trend in the directed evolution refinement of KE07 and HG3 are reproduced, showing that in the case of KE07 the directed evolution leads to ground-state destabilization, whereas in the case of HG3 the directed evolution leads to transition-state stabilization. The nature of the different paths of the directed evolution is examined and discussed. The present study seems to indicate that computer-aided enzyme design may require more th...
A theology of diversity with special reference to translation issues in Central Asia

Cross-cultural ministry to Muslims raises questions about communication and the legitimacy of presenting biblical truth in different forms. This paper seeks to address some of those questions throu...
Misspecification in event studies

Abstract We examine the statistical error and efficiency associated with two commonly used event-study techniques when applied to samples of various sizes. Previous research has established that the frequently used Patell (1976) test is not well specified when the event itself creates additional return variance. We find that even under ideal conditions when the event creates no additional variance, the Patell test rejects a true null hypothesis substantially more often than the stated significance level. In contrast, the alternate test of Boehmer et al. (1991) performs well in samples of all sizes and under all conditions we consider.
Models Like Maxwell’s and Boltzmann’s

We can build a very sophisticated nonlinear invariant theory from springs and dashpots. A spring and dashpot in series is called a Maxwell element (Figure 1.1). The spring constant is called G and the force σ1 in the spring is Gγ1 where γ1 is the displacement of the spring. The force σ2 the dashpot is η(∂γ/∂t)2 where η is the viscosity and (∂γ/∂t)2 is the velocity, the time rate of change of γ2, and because they are in series, σ1=σ2=σ.
Demonstration of high current densities and extended cycling in the garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte

Abstract Replacing state-of-the-art graphite with metallic Li anodes could dramatically increase the energy density of Li-ion technology. However, efforts to achieve uniform Li plating and stripping in conventional liquid electrolytes have had limited success. An alternative approach is to use a solid electrolyte to stabilize the Li interface during cycling. One of the most promising solid electrolytes is Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , which has high ionic conductivity at room temperature, high shear modulus and chemical and electrochemical stability against Li. Despite these properties, Li filament propagation has been observed through LLZO at current densities below what is practical. By combining recent achievements in reducing interface resistance and optimizing microstructure, we demonstrate Li cycling at current densities competitive with Li-ion. Li|LLZO|Li cells are capable of cycling at up to 0.9 ± 0.7 mA cm −2 , 3.8 ± 0.9 mA cm −2 , and 6.0 ± 0.7 mA cm -2 at room temperature, 40 and 60 °C, respectively. Extended stability is shown in Li plating/stripping tests that passed 3 mAh cm −2 charge per cycle for a cumulative capacity of 702 mAh cm −2 using a 1 mA cm −2 current density. These results demonstrate that solid-state batteries using metallic Li anodes can approach charge/discharge rates and cycling stability comparable to SOA Li-ion.
Interconversion of the Linear Viscoelastic Functions

As pointed out in the introduction to Chap. 4, all linear viscoelastic functions contain essentially the same information on the time dependent behavior of the material which they describe if they are known over the entire domain of their definition, i.e. over the complete range from zero to infinity of the time, t, frequency, ω, respondance time, τ, or transform variable, s. Thus, all linear viscoelastic response functions are, in principle, equivalent.
Behavioral Economists, and Psychologists’ Challenges to Rational Behavior

Behavioral economics has emerged as a subdiscipline in economics over the last half of the twentieth century because of the work of scholars whose main contributions were outside the strict boundaries of economics, most prominently Herbert Simon and Daniel Kahneman. Simon won the 1978 Nobel prize in economics for his work on “bounded rationality” applied to firm organization, collected in his three-volume set published in 1982, and Kahneman received the 2002 Nobel prize in economics, for his work on “prospect theory” developed largely in collaboration with the late Amos Tversky (Kahneman and Tversky 1979, 2000a, among a host of citations). Behavioral economics now covers a massive scholarly literature and, more recently, a growing list of widely read trade books on the subject. In this chapter, I seek to cover only a portion of the literature, but enough to establish credibility of the formidable challenge that behavioral economics and behavioral psychology present to conventional, neoclassical economics. Mainly, reservations and criticisms regarding this literature are covered in Chap. 10.
The National Milk Safety Program and Drug Residues in Milk

Control of animal drug residues in milk and milk products presents special challenges to both the industry that produces it and the government agencies charged with protecting the public health. Animal drug residues in milk are the result of the treatment of animals in the milking herd. The only method of prevention is proper management of animal drug use at the farm level.This involves dairy producers and their veterinarians. After milk leaves the farm, the involvement of the FDA, states, and processors focuses on monitoring milk and milk products to determine compliance.
Dating Breaks in the Extremal Behavior of Financial Time Series

This paper studies the extremal behavior of emerging market bonds in relation to equities and bond returns of developed markets. Returns on emerging markets fixed income investments are known to behave like equity returns, yet many studies have used techniques that do not account for their thick tailed behavior. Since emerging markets are characterized by highly turbulent periods, we develop in this paper a test statistic for testing and dating breaks in the tail behavior of a series. Our test for extremal breaks is valid for GARCH data and for multiple breaks where the number of breaks can be known or unknown. Our finding is that while extremal movements of emerging market debt is characterized by three regimes with breakdates corresponding to the Asian/Russian crisis of 1997/1998 and the Argentinian crisis of 2001, extremal movements of equities and bond returns of developed markets are characterized by only a single break in 1997/1998. These findings and the methods introduced here have implications for value at risk methodologies that assume time invariant tail characteristics.
Pushpamala N. and the ‘Art’ of Cinephilia in India

The ‘things’ to which Walter Benjamin refers imply a world of objects and images that participate in our social life and ‘organize our private and public affection,’ as Bill Brown explains. For Benjamin, ‘art’ is a way of seeing inside the very things that, on the opposite side of his backslash, are also the subject of popular art. I want to explore a compelling example of Benjamin’s triangulated and relational sense of ‘art’ in the works of Pushpamala N., a contemporary artist in India. Since the mid-1990s, Pushpamala has gained an international reputation for photographic projects in which she uses her body to impersonate a wide range of subjects from popular media and film. While artists regularly engage with media images around the world, my argument will be that Benjamin’s sense of art goes largely unrecognised in modern and contemporary art. This is primarily because art’s ethical and cultural value is gauged not by its affective relationship to things but by the degree to which art is able to separate the human sensibility from the world of affective things. This ‘disinterested’ approach, well-known as Kantian aesthetics, informs the politics of modernist art criticism and art practice to which Pushpamala belongs. Unsurprisingly, the modernist assumption frames my essay as well, and provides a point of departure for my analysis of flow. I will try to prove that it is indeed Kantian aesthetics that sets the exact limit which prevents Pushpamala from taking a dip into image worlds that scholars of Indian popular culture explore as what Christopher Pinney calls ‘corpothetics’. But then I shall also try to prove that in Pushpamala’s work the Kantian terms, including ‘art,’ come surprisingly close to Benjamin’s embodied sense, and leads to a kind of flow we could call art-flow that has largely remained dormant and frozen in modern and contemporary art practices, as well as poorly understood both in media studies and art criticism.
A Miniature MRI-Compatible Fiber-optic Force Sensor Utilizing Fabry-Perot Interferometer

Magnetic resonance imaging provides superior imaging capability because of unmatched soft tissue contrast and inherent three-dimensional visualization. Force sensing in robot-assisted systems is crucial for providing tactile feedback and measuring tissue interaction forces in needle-based percutaneous procedures in MRI. To address the issues imposed by electromagnetic compatibility in the high-field MRI and mechanical constraints due to the confined close-bore space, this paper proposes a miniaturized fiber optic force sensor utilizing Fabry-Perot interferometry. An opto-electromechanical system is designed to experimentally validate the optical model of the sensor and evaluate its sensing capability. Calibration was performed under static and dynamics loading conditions. The experimental results indicate a gage sensitivity on the order of 40 (mV/μe) of the sensor and a sensing range of 10 Newton. This sensor achieves high-resolution needle insertion force sensing in a robust and compact configuration in MRI environment.
The Viability of Economic Shock Therapy in Iraq

A free market program was imposed on Iraq far sooner than the nation was prepared to exploit it. This author discusses why it was imposed, and why it may have already failed.
Ten years of philosophical thinking in Korean cinema

The philosophical and theoretical approaches utilized toward understanding Korean cinema have developed rapidly in the past 10 years. We have seen scholarly writing take up discursive tools derived...
The Old is New Again: Cicero, Barack Obama, and the Campaign Rhetoric of the ‘New Man’

The following comparison of Cicero9s Verrines with Barack Obama9s 2008 campaign rhetoric reveals the parallelism between these candidates’ stylistic responses to the challenges of novitas , as they turn obstacle into advantage and transform change into tradition. Through similar stylistic means, these candidates demonstrate their unique ability to preserve their respective political communities thanks to their positions as both outsiders and insiders who possess “double vision.” Cicero9s distinctive rhetoric of novitas , which is an enduring contribution to republican politics, is a model for the campaigns of outsider candidates like Obama who seek to sustain, not break with, the classical republican tradition.
CHAPTER 26 – Microcosms, Mesocosms, and Macrocosms: Building and Restoring Ecosystems, a Synthesis

This chapter discusses an abbreviated synthesis of the ecosystem modeling steps with their application to aquatic ecosystem restoration. In building microcosms and mesocosms, as well as restoring macrocosms, water quality and physical environment come first. Many of the physical/chemical parameters of an ecosystem, such as temperature, salinity, pH, and hardness, are more or less obvious and generally accepted as crucial. Others have often been neglected or at least greatly minimized in their effects on ecosystem models. In constructing any living model, it is essential that structuring elements be added soon after the physical environment is formed. Ecosystems can be functional units of any size. Normally, they are simply the units that the ecologist chooses to work with, usually physically defined. The ecosystem of a model should be constructed by installing convenient blocks of wild ecosystems with all of the microspecies and their relationships intact. The process of cutting out, or otherwise extracting, an ecological block or ecosystem subunit and transporting it to the waiting model can be quite stressful to the community of organisms in the block. After the structuring elements are established, as far as possible the entire pool of available species from the type community should be given a chance at immigration into the model. Complex systems are used rather than monocultures to solve broader environmental problems.
Reevaluating a Standardized Sedation Weaning Protocol for Pediatric Laryngotracheal Reconstruction for Continuous Quality Improvement.

Importance Health care organizations are complex and evolving systems. To date, longitudinal evaluation to ensure the sustainability of quality improvement (QI) initiatives has been missing from the otolaryngology literature. We sought to reassess perioperative management of laryngotracheal reconstruction, which requires adequate sedation. Objective Using principles of continuous QI, the objectives of this study were to (1) describe step-by-step methods to sustain QI efforts and (2) revisit a series of process, outcome, and balance measures for sedation weaning management following implementation of a new electronic health record (EHR). Design, Setting, and Participants A standardized sedation weaning protocol was previously developed and instituted in February 2013. To address healthcare system-wide changes, a 7-step, Institute for Healthcare Improvement methodology was used to reevaluate a series of measures comparing a previous postweaning group (2013-2014; 13 patients) and current post-EHR group (2016; 11 patients). We conducted a focus group review of these 24 patients. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was length of sedation weaning. Secondary outcome, process, and balance measures included total length of sedation, absence of standardized wean document, absence of specific recommendations on weaning regimen, length of stay, continued weaning at discharge, discharge location, absence of discharge instructions on weaning regimen or iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome (IWS), discharge within 72 hours of stopping weaning, and readmission. Results The postweaning and post-EHR groups were similar in age (20.5 months [95% CI, 11.92-29.15] vs 26.5 months [95% CI, 17.68-35.40]), as well as male sex (11 of 13 [85%] vs 10 of 11 [91%]), respectively. In the post-EHR group, the standardized sedation wean document was missing from 9 of 11 (82%) medical records. However, the primary outcome measure, length of sedation weaning, remained stable at 9.45 (95% CI, 7.62-11.29) days in the post-EHR group compared with 9.08 (95% CI, 7.00-11.18) days in the postweaning group. In addition, only 5 of 11 (46%) of discharges in the post-EHR group had specific guidance on weaning since the standardized template was no longer in use. As a result, in the post-EHR group, patients were 15.2 (95% CI, 0.46-242.34) times as likely to lack discharge instructions on weaning or IWS. Conclusions and Relevance Quality improvement is meant to be a continuous process in which reevaluation of care practices are regularly performed. System-wide redesign can be achieved using a formal methodological approach. Moving forward, notable QI opportunities for our institution included the development of a flexible sedation weaning template, as well as enhancements to discharge instructions to include IWS diagnosis and treatment.
Effective Generalized Disjunctive Programming Models for Modular Process Synthesis

We propose an optimization-based strategy to systematically evaluate trade-offs associated with modular alternatives for the multiperiod design of a chemical processing network. We give a general f...
The modi vivendi of families with children: well-being between child-rearing and work

The aim of this research was to delineate how families with children aged 0–13 manage their well-being, which mainly depends on the balance between two main components, which are child-rearing and ...
Perceptions and practices of sexual and reproductive health in the health team of the Santa Teresita-Cerrillos Hospital and in women from the locality of Cerrillos, Salta, Argentina

This article presents a synthesis of research results from the study: ¨Perceptions and practices of sexual and reproductive health in the health team of the Santa Teresita-Cerrillos Hospital and in women from the locality of Cerrillos, Salta, Argentina: Multiparity in young women and local health actions linked to Sexual and Reproductive Health". The method chosen was qualitative, based on Grounded Theory. In-depth interviews were conducted with women who had more than two children, and with the health team of Santa Teresita Hospital, Cerrillos, Salta. Through the employment of diverse data collection techniques, as well as through Grounded Theory analysis strategies, the principle of right to health and respect towards others emerges as a relevant result. At the same time, discrepancies were found between individuals´ healthcare needs and their perception of the institution´ accessibility. I expect the results to serve as a foothold for the generation of local health policies that answer the needs of women while respecting the socio-cultural context, from a law and gender perspective. Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health counseling, perceptions and practices
Genomic and Therapeutic Landscape of Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is heterogeneous, but current diagnostic and treatment strategies rely primarily on clinical parameters, lacking individualization to tumor and host genetics and biology. The heterogeneity of NMIBCs is derived from mutations, mutation signatures, chromosomal loss, and disruption of molecular pathways, which ultimately affects tumor progression, recurrence, and responsiveness to intravesical and systemic chemotherapy. Although research is still underway, advances in sequencing technology, insight into differential bacillus Calmette-Guerin responses, and new investigational treatment targets will soon offer clinicians new, precision-based tools to risk stratify and determine treatment regimens for future patients with bladder cancer.
Organization and recall of visual information after traumatic brain injury.

Subjective organization (SO) is the ability to structure information to help facilitate storage and retrieval. There is a paucity of research concerning how a person subjectively organizes visual i...
Thoughts on Legal Writing from the Greatest of Them All: Irving Younger—Part I

This column, the second in a two-part series, discusses Professor Irving Younger's thoughts on legal writing.
Examining Driver Compliance with a Move-Over/Slow Down Law in Consideration of Vehicle Type and Messages Displayed on Upstream Dynamic Message Signs

Move-over laws are intended to enhance the safety of road agency and law enforcement personnel who are working on or near the roadway. This study examined driver behavior through a series of field ...
Recent developments in alternative aqueous redox flow batteries for grid-scale energy storage

Abstract Rapid resource consumption and shifting public perspective on traditional electricity sources has forced the development of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy. Redox flow batteries have become an important research area due to their independent power density and energy density, which is unique for electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. These batteries are designed for grid-scale energy storage to be paired with wind and solar energy to create power grids that are not dependent on fossil fuels. The DOE has issued a 2023 target of 150 $/KWh and current all-vanadium chemistries approach these levels solely in vanadium costs. Therefore, other chemistries need to be developed that have long term stability, affordability, high performance, and utilize the high conductivity of water. Electrode doping facilitates charge transfer reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface by improving the wettability and activity of the electrode to permit higher power and energy systems. These developments and inventive chemistries provide opportunities to employ cheaper chemistries to help meet the future demand for renewable energy. The recent developments in aqueous redox flow batteries utilizing chemistries other than vanadium are discussed in this review.
The Effects of Consumers’ Perceptions of 3D Virtual Garments on Online Purchase Intention

In the apparel industry, virtual three-dimensional (3D) technology is most commonly used in product design and development. Computer-Assisted Design (CAD) programs are used to draft, edit, and share patterns, as well as virtually drape and fit garments. 3D is used for fitting purposes during the garment development stages, and for communicating information to other patternmakers, designers, merchandisers, and manufacturers. However, using 3D modeling technology as a means of displaying products to consumers offers many potential benefits to online retailers. The purpose of the study is to assess the effects of consumers’ perceptions of 3D virtual garments on their online purchase intentions. The study’s results revealed that perceived fit of both types of garment (women’s’ jeans and tee-shirt) played a significant role when it comes to online purchase intention and perceived image quality for women’s tee-shirt helps facilitate online purchase intent.
Image Reinforcement or Impairment: The Effects of Co-Branding on Attribute Uncertainty

Co-branding is often used by companies to reinforce the image of their brands. In this paper, we investigate the conditions under which a brand's image is reinforced or impaired as a result of co-branding, and the characteristics of a good partner for a firm considering co-branding for image reinforcement. We address these issues by conceptualizing attribute beliefs as two-dimensional constructs: The first dimension reflects the expected value of the attribute, while the second dimension reflects the degree of certainty about the attribute. We argue that these parameters are updated after consumers are exposed to a co-branding activity, and we develop an analytical model that incorporates these notions. An analysis of the model leads to several propositions, which we test in an experiment. Our findings indicate that it is not necessarily in a brand's best interest to choose an alliance partner that is of the highest performance possible. Moreover, we find that, while expected values of the brand attributes may improve as a result of co-branding, under certain conditions the uncertainty associated with the brands increases through the alliance. Implications for co-branding researchers and practitioners are discussed.
European Corporate Communications: Preparing to Cope with EC–1992?

Considerable attention has been focused on EC7ndash;1992 and the impact that it is having (and will continue to have) on British and European industry. This article reports the findings of a study completed among a sample of European public relations executives. It was designed to determine how they were planning to alter the scope of their operations to meet this new communications challenge. In particular, the expanded role of public relations and its relationship to advertising (and corporate communications) is noted.
Re-examination of the glucocorticoid hypothesis of stress and aging.

The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis of stress and aging is an attempt to formulate a causal relationship between the activity of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the deleterious consequences of the actions of glucocorticoids upon the viability of cells in the brain as well as their structure and function. This chapter discusses the hypothesis in the light of old and new evidence on the aging of the HPA axis and the role of glucocorticoids in the generation of neural damage. The hypothesis is based on two lines of evidence: (1) that glucocorticoids cause hippocampal damage and (2) that hippocampal damage results in pituitary–adrenal hypersecretion. The chapter also presents some features of the results, such as a rat ages; there is a general decline in the plasticity of the brain to respond to environmental challenges, and with increasing age, there is increased vulnerability to stress-induced loss of hippocampal neurons. The glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis of stress and aging has served well as a stimulus and guide for research on endocrine factors in the aging of the brain; however, much more needs to be learned to uncover basic cellular mechanisms and to account for the sometimes disturbing variability among studies and among individual animals in their susceptibility to negative effects of stress and in degenerative changes in the brain.
Chapter 2 Cloning of Mammalian Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the cloning of mammalian cells. Three conditions must be satisfied in order to establish a new population of cultured cells from a single isolated cell. It must be possible to isolate single cells from the parental culture or tissue without loss of viability. Culture conditions must be such that single isolated cells will multiply in vitro . The progeny of the selected cell must be kept physically separated from all other cells. This chapter is divided into two major parts: one, a theoretical discussion of the principles and problems involved in satisfying each of the three conditions necessary for the establishment of clonal populations and a step-by-step description of the specific experimental procedures that are recommended.
A New Competitive Analysis of Randomized Caching

We provide new competitive upper bounds on the performance of the memoryless, randomized caching algorithm RAND. Our bounds are expressed in terms of the inherent hit rate α of the sequence of memory references, which is the highest possible hit rate that any algorithm can achieve on the sequence for a cache of a given size. Our results show that RAND is (1 - αe-1/α)/(1 - α)-competitive on any reference sequence with inherent hit rate α. Since our new competitive bound does not scale up with the size k of the cache, it beats the putative Ω(lg k) lower bound on the competitiveness of randomized caching algorithms.
Bettor Habits When Point Spreads and Money lines are Offered on the Same Game: The NFL

Bettor preferences and returns are examined in the NFL wagering market where both point spread and money line wagers are simultaneously offered. In both markets, the balanced book hypothesis can be soundly rejected, with bettors preferring favorites. Despite the clear difference in how a winning bet on the favorite is achieved in each market, the percentage bet on the favorite in both the point spread and money line markets correspond nearly one-to-one. Biases are most pronounced in certain subsets of the data, where betting against favorites on both the point spread and money line are shown to reject market efficiency.
The nature of constant and cyclic force production: unintentional force-drift characteristics

We explored unintentional changes in forces during performance of constant and cyclic force-production tasks (F-tasks) after visual feedback removal. Based on earlier studies, we expected all force parameters to drop exponentially with time. We also explored possible role of working memory in the force drop phenomena. Healthy subjects performed constant or cyclic isometric F-tasks with the index finger under visual feedback. The cyclic task was paced by a metronome. Removing visual feedback resulted in a consistent force drop in constant F-tasks and a qualitatively similar drift in the mean force in the cyclic F-task. Both were slow with characteristic times of about 10-20 s. In contrast, force amplitude in the cyclic F-task increased quickly (within 1-2 s). When the subjects were asked to stop producing force for 5 s after the visual feedback disappeared and then resume force production, no downward force drift was seen in constant F-tasks, while in cyclic F-tasks, the drift of the mean force was present and an exaggerated increase in force amplitude was also observed. We conclude that while working memory limitations may influence cyclic F-tasks, their role in determining the force drift in constant F-tasks is limited. The results of both experiments are interpreted within the referent configuration hypothesis supplemented with an idea of unintentional drift of referent coordinates (RC-back-coupling) induced by differences between the referent and actual body configurations.
A peptide mimic blocks the cross-reaction of anti-DNA antibodies with glomerular antigens

Anti-DNA antibodies play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis by cross-reacting with renal antigens. Previously, we demonstrated that the binding affinity of anti-DNA antibodies to self-antigens is isotype-dependent. Furthermore, significant variability in renal pathogenicity was seen among a panel of anti-DNA isotypes [derived from a single murine immunoglobulin (Ig)G3 monoclonal antibody, PL9-11] that share identical variable regions. In this study, we sought to select peptide mimics that effectively inhibit the binding of all murine and human anti-DNA IgG isotypes to glomerular antigens. The PL9-11 panel of IgG anti-DNA antibodies (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3) was used for screening a 12-mer phage display library. Binding affinity was determined by surface plasmon resonance. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry and glomerular binding assays were used for the assessment of peptide inhibition of antibody binding to nuclear and kidney antigens. We identified a 12 amino acid peptide (ALWPPNLHAWVP, or 'ALW') which binds to all PL9-11 IgG isotypes. Preincubation with the ALW peptide reduced the binding of the PL9-11 anti-DNA antibodies to DNA, laminin, mesangial cells and isolated glomeruli significantly. Furthermore, we confirmed the specificity of the amino acid sequence in the binding of ALW to anti-DNA antibodies by alanine scanning. Finally, ALW inhibited the binding of murine and human lupus sera to dsDNA and glomeruli significantly. In conclusion, by inhibiting the binding of polyclonal anti-DNA antibodies to autoantigens in vivo, the ALW peptide (or its derivatives) may potentially be a useful approach to block anti-DNA antibody binding to renal tissue.
Wire setup calibration of beam position monitors

Many button type and strip line type beam position monitors are employed in the South Hall Ring (SHR) at MIT-Bates. It is desired to calibrate and routinely check the readouts of those monitors by simulating the beam. A wire setup was built to serve this purpose. It consists of a button type beam position monitor body with a wire running through it. To eliminate end-effects both ends are extended with 10 inch long uniform beam pipes. RF matching is carefully performed with ECCOSORB AN 75 microwave absorber forms. The wire is positioned 3 mm offset with respect to the X-pair buttons and symmetric with respect to the Y-pair buttons. Thus the same setup can be used to check both sensitivity and zero-offset.
Statistical constraints on El Niño Southern Oscillation reconstructions using individual foraminifera: A sensitivity analysis

Recent investigations of submillennial paleoceanographic variability have attempted to resolve high-frequency climate signals such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using the population statistics of individual planktic foraminiferal δ18O analyses. This approach is complicated by the relatively short lifespan of individual foraminifers (~2–4 weeks) compared to the time represented by a typical marine sediment sample (~decades to millennia). Here, we investigate the uncertainty associated with individual foraminiferal analyses (IFA) through simulations on forward modeled δ18Ocarbonate. First, focusing on the Nino3.4 region of the tropical Pacific Ocean, a bootstrap Monte Carlo algorithm is developed to constrain the uncertainty on IFA-statistics. Subsequently, to test the sensitivity of IFA to changes in seasonal cycle amplitude, ENSO amplitude, and ENSO frequency, synthetic time series of δ18Ocarbonate with differing variability are constructed and tested with our algorithm. The probabilities of the IFA technique in detecting changes in ENSO amplitude and seasonal cycle amplitude (or a combination of both) for the surface ocean and thermocline at different locations in the tropical Pacific are quantified. We find that the uncertainty in the standard deviation is smaller than the range, that the IFA-signal is insensitive to ENSO frequency, and at certain locations the seasonal cycle may dominate ENSO. IFA sensitivity towards ENSO is highest at the central equatorial Pacific surface ocean and the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) thermocline whereas sensitivity towards the seasonal cycle is highest at the EEP surface ocean. Our results suggest that rigorous uncertainty quantification should become standard practice for accurately interpreting IFA-data.
Systems of Mating. I. the Biometric Relations between Parent and Offspring.

Page 117, next to last line, for (see PDF) Page 121, last column of table 2, line 9, for " h 2= h 2" read "h2= h 2." Page 121, last line add, (see PDF
Application of a two-body analysis of position or velocity error propagation.

First order perturbation solution for transition matrix relating errors at one point of two-body orbit to errors at later point
Mitoxantrone, vincristine, and 5-fluorouracil with leucovorin modulation as induction chemotherapy prior to high-dose intensification in metastatic breast cancer

We treated 39 women with newly diagnosed stage IV breast cancer with a new regimen of mitoxantrone 18 mg/m2 on days 1, 29, 57, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 (maximum 2.0 mg) on days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, and 5-fluorouracil 375 mg/m2 on days 15–20, 43–47, 71–75 with leucovorin modulation 500 mg/m2 before each 5FU infusion (MVF). This regimen was utilized as an initial cytoreductive or induction program for these patients prior to high-dose intensification with autologous stem cell rescue. Ten patients (25%) obtained a clinical complete response and six patients (15%) obtained a partial response for an overall response rate of 40%. In addition, 10 patients had evaluable disease that was improved or stable (primarily bone and/or bone marrow metastases) after MVF induction. Thus, 26 patients (65%) were eligible for high-dose intensification with autologous stem cell rescue after MVF induction. Toxicity was primarily a mild mucositis and more commonly peripheral neuropathy. MVF therapy is an active treatment program for metastatic breast cancer but the neurotoxicity makes it difficult to recommend for widespread use.
Toward an Understanding of the Neural Circuitry of Major Depressive Disorder Through the Clinical Response to Deep Brain Stimulation of Different Anatomical Targets

Deep brain stimulation has been proposed as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression. To date, multiple brain targets have been tested in single case studies and case series. The target regions with the most evidence to support their use are the subcallosal cingulate, ventral capsule/ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial forebrain bundle. Treatment effects of stimulation at each target share some commonalities, including similar response and remission rates, a relatively slow and progressive time course of treatment response, with a comparatively fast depressive relapse after discontinuation of stimulation. Response is maintained over time, and in some cases improves over years. Similarities may be at least partially attributable to overlap in white matter pathways between targets. Careful attention to mood and somatic effects seen with acute stimulation may differentiate primary vs. secondary treatment effects and mechanisms between the target regions. Understanding which symptoms are primarily affected, and the time course of response and relapse, will shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying DBS effects and depression pathology.
Teachers as Leaders

(2004). Teachers as Leaders. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 187-189.