cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Movable and immovable object experience and exploratory behavior

Two groups of albino rats were raised in object-filled environments which were identical except for the fact that for one group the objects could move (M) with appropriate contact whereas for the other group the objects were immovable (IM). On a variety of measures in the open field, spontaneous alternation, and light-contingent bar pressing (LCBP) tasks, the IM group explored more than the M group.
Calculation of line widths in H2O-H2O and H2O-O2 collisions

Abstract Anderson's general theory of collision line broadening has been applied to the calculation of the widths of a large number of pure-rotational transitions in H2O, self-broadened by H2O and foreign gas broadened by O2. In the former case only dipole-dipole forces were considired, in the latter only dipole-quadrupole. The method of calculation followed that previously reported for H2O-N2, and was performed on the IBM 7090. The self-broadened widths, at 300° and 360°K, are presented in tabular form; some regularities and averages are graphed and discussed. There is a marked variation from line to line, both in the absolute value and the ratio of self-broadening to N2-broadening. The intensity-weighted value of the latter ratio is 5·49, in agreement with experiment. Individual widths show fair correlation with the few available experimental values. The H2O-O2 widths depend on the uncertain value of the oxygen quadrupole, and are presented only graphically. The correlation with H2O-N2 is close enough so that the H2O-N2 results may be used for atmospheric problems.
Comments on Cross-border Bank Acquisitions: Is there a Performance Effect?

The last decade or so has witnessed an unprecedented pace of bank mergers andacquisitions. In the United States, Brewer et al. (2007), for example, document that between1990 and 2004, the number of bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) averaged about 435per year compared to 345 per year over the period 1980–1989. As a result, the number ofbanks operating in the United States has declined by approximately 40% since 1990. Bergeret al. (2004) document a substantial surge in cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Thesecross-border deals are a main vehicle for foreign direct investment. In the IndustrialOrganization literature two basic motives stand out as possible explanations for mergers andacquisitions: an efficiency motive and a strategic motive. Efficiency gains arise becauseM&As increase synergy between firms through increased use of economies of scale orscope. Furthermore, from a strategic perspective M&As might change the market structureand as such have an impact on firm profits. Explanations for cross-border mergers andacquisitions have relied on arguments from Foreign Direct Investment literature (seeGoldberger 2004) and the New Trade Theory (see Berger et al. 2004). The paper by Correauses a cross-border database for merger deals between 1996 and 2003 to analyzecharacteristics and performance effects of international takeovers on target bankingorganizations. Four questions are examined: (1) What factors are important in influencingthe likelihood that a firm will be a target of a cross-border acquisition? (2) Do target firmsthat are involved in cross-border deals perform differently from other firms? (3) Are thereany post-merger differences in performance for targets in developed and emergingeconomies? And (4) are post-merger differences influenced by host-country or home-country characteristics?Correa’s paper nicely combines two strands of the banking literature. It expands theliterature on cross-border acquisitions by analyzing both the determinants of financial
Binocular fusion and invariant category learning due to predictive remapping during scanning of a depthful scene with eye movements

How does the brain maintain stable fusion of 3D scenes when the eyes move? Every eye movement causes each retinal position to process a different set of scenic features, and thus the brain needs to binocularly fuse new combinations of features at each position after an eye movement. Despite these breaks in retinotopic fusion due to each movement, previously fused representations of a scene in depth often appear stable. The 3D ARTSCAN neural model proposes how the brain does this by unifying concepts about how multiple cortical areas in the What and Where cortical streams interact to coordinate processes of 3D boundary and surface perception, spatial attention, invariant object category learning, predictive remapping, eye movement control, and learned coordinate transformations. The model explains data from single neuron and psychophysical studies of covert visual attention shifts prior to eye movements. The model further clarifies how perceptual, attentional, and cognitive interactions among multiple brain regions (LGN, V1, V2, V3A, V4, MT, MST, PPC, LIP, ITp, ITa, SC) may accomplish predictive remapping as part of the process whereby view-invariant object categories are learned. These results build upon earlier neural models of 3D vision and figure-ground separation and the learning of invariant object categories as the eyes freely scan a scene. A key process concerns how an object’s surface representation generates a form-fitting distribution of spatial attention, or attentional shroud, in parietal cortex that helps maintain the stability of multiple perceptual and cognitive processes. Predictive eye movement signals maintain the stability of the shroud, as well as of binocularly fused perceptual boundaries and surface representations.
Tentacle Morphogenesis in Hydra: A Morphological and Biochemical Analysis of the Effect of Actinomycin D

synopsis. Stalked hydra exposed to 3 /tg/ml actinomycin D for 24 hr exhibited a re? striction in the patterning of tentacle morphogenesis. The two-tentacled morphological modification manifested in regenerating hydra was correlated with a reduction both in RNA synthesis in the hypostomal region of the animal and in the DNA synthetic activity associated with normal tentacle elaboration. The tentacles formed on actino? mycin D-treated animals developed in the proper sequence, however. In time the modification disappeared, indicating that the effect was reversible. Histological studies demonstrated depleted interstitial cell (I-cell) populations along the body column of actinomycin D-treated hydra. Replacing the hypostomes of actino? mycin D-treated hydra with normal hypostomes reversed the cellular effects of actinomyin D exposure. All morphological and biochemical modifications in tentacle morphogenesis oc? curring after actinomycin D treatment were consistent with an impairment of hypo? stomal function in the animal. Evidence from 3H-actinomycin D autoradiography pro? vided support for the proposal that the nervous system was the morphological site of this malfunction. One of the most fundamental problems confronting developmental biologists today is that of morphogenesis, or the emergence of order resulting from the elaboration of form. Form, in living systems, reflects inter? actions ranging from the moiecuiar to the organismal levels of organization. Conse? quently, investigations of morphogenetic phenomena should include observations at multiple levels of organization. For years the freshwater Cnidarian hydra has provided an experimental sys? tem for studies of morphogenesis. In part, this results from the fact that morpho? genesis in hydra is a relatively restricted process. Normally, only a mouth, an oral ring of tentacles, and a basal disc are elaborated. Of these structures, the tentacles stand out with respect to both functional and developmental significance. Several components contribute to tenta? cle morphogenesis in hydra. At least one of these components must concern pattern
Impression change and favorableness of first impressions: A study of population and of commitment effects

The present study replicated and extended Briscoe, Woodyard, & Shaw’s (1967) study of impression formation. The replication yielded overall recency effects and did not find that initially unfavorable first impressions were more resistant to change. This failure to replicate was not due to initial differences in impressions and was attributed to hypothesized population differences. The extension, on commitment, indicated that commitment was greatest for Ss who made covert initial ratings and least for those who made public initial ratings. The commitment effects were related to Kiesler’s (1968) commitment theory.
Remarks on "Comments on 'Continuous Culture of Candida lipolytica on n-Hexadecane' " *

The interest of Mallee and Blanch1 in our workZ is appreciated. The quantity of nitrogen added for pH control via NH,OH addition approximately equals that incorporated into biomass when no acidic products are produced. For hydrocarbon fermentation, for example, Prokop et al.3 reported that they added 2.09 ml 10% NaOH/g cell dry weight produced for pH control or about 1 equivalent (equiv)/equiv nitrogen incorporated into biomass based on 7% nitrogen in biomass. Nitrogen was not limiting in the continuous culture experiments.’ The results in Figures 4 and 5 of Ref. 2 were obtained by only stopping the feeding of oil. Nitrogen was fed in the aqueous phase at a constant rate. The results in Figures 4 and 5 of Ref. 2 show that hydrocarbon substrate transport is the rate-limiting factor. The much larger cell concentrations (about 30 g/liter dry weight) that were obtained with the same media in batch culture4 provide additional evidence that sufficient nitrogen was present.
Chronic changes in brain Mg2+ concentration after forebrain ischemia in the rat

Brain Mg2+ ion concentrations, [Mg2+], were evaluated in three groups of animals subjected to either 8 minutes (n=10), or 12 minutes (n=10) of near-complete forebrain ischemia, or sham operation (n=10), from their31P NMR spectra. No significant differences were observed in [Mg2+] among sham operated animals prior to or at any time point after surgery. In the 8-min ischemia group, mean [Mg2+] were significantly lower at 48 (0.28 ± 0.06 mM, p=0.014) and 72 (0.29 ± 0.07 mM, p=0.005) hours post-ischemia when compared to their mean pre-ischemia levels (0.39 ± 0.08 mM). [Mg2+] was restored to preischemia values at 96 hours after induction of ischemia. In the 12 min ischemia group, [Mg2+] were lower at all time points post-ischemia when compared to their pre-ischemia levels. Our data shows that forebrain ischemia causes a chronic decline of cerebral Mg2+ concentration, and the observed reduction of this cation can be partially attributed to concurrent brain tissue alkalosis.
Who are the “elderly”?

Recently I had the unique experience and pleasure of attending the International Society of Nephrology meeting held in Jerusalem. I was privileged to be asked to give the opening talk for a whole day symposium devoted to "issues" related to the elderly. While my talk focused on the topic of "biology of aging" and how important it is to understand normal aging changes as compared to disease states, the rest of the program addressed specific disease entities noted to occur more commonly during later life. The fact that a whole day was to be devoted to the new emerging field of "geriatric nephrology" in itself tells me that the "elderly" have arrived as an emerging topic within all areas of health care.
Complications of replacing implantable devices in response to advisories: A single center experience

Abstract Background Advisories for implanted devices present a challenging management problem since no specific guidelines exist for device replacement under these circumstances. Since the rate and severity of complications is an important factor in the decision-making, we sought to review our experience with replacement of devices under advisory. Methods Medical records of patients with devices under advisory were reviewed. A total of 237 patients (age 68±13 years, men 71%, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) 87%) underwent device replacement in response to advisories (Medtronic Inc. 43% and Guidant Inc. 57%) at our institution between February 2005 and June 2006. Results The mean time from original device implantation to replacement was 31±16 months (3–73 months). During a mean follow-up of 198±103 days, there was a 5.5% overall rate of complications related to the procedure. Major complications requiring re-operation affected 2.1% of patients. There were no deaths associated with device replacement. Device failure prior to replacement was documented in 1.7% of patients, with syncope occurring in one patient. A history of diabetes mellitus (23%), peripheral vascular disease (4%), obstructive lung disease (7%), end-stage renal disease (2%), or use of anticoagulation (44%) did not predict the occurrence of complications after advisory device replacement. Conclusion This single center experience shows a lower major complication rate from replacement of devices under advisory than previously reported. Experience from this center and others may be useful in guiding future management of patients in the setting of device advisories.
Not in Their Genes: A Critical View of the Genetics of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder☆

Abstract This article examines evidence cited in favor of the operation of genetic factors in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Like other psychiatric conditions, a belief in the genetic basis of ADHD is derived from the results of family, twin, and adoption studies. Because family studies are widely believed to be confounded by environmental factors, primary emphasis is placed on twin and adoption studies. ADHD twin studies depend on the validity of the equal environment assumption (EEA), which holds that the environments of identical (MZ) and fraternal (DZ) twins are the same. Here it is argued that however the EEA is defined, it cannot be accepted. Therefore, the greater similarity or concordance of MZ twins when compared to DZ twins is plausibly explained by environmental factors. Adoption studies constitute a third method for investigating the role of genetic factors in ADHD. It is argued that these studies are greatly flawed by factors including non blinded diagnoses and the failure to study the biological relatives of adoptees. After an examination of the total weight of evidence in favor of a genetic basis or predisposition for ADHD, it is concluded that a role for genetic factors is not supported and that future research should be directed toward psychosocial causes
RECENT HEAVY FLAVOR RESULTS FROM THE ATLAS EXPERIMENT

This paper provides an overview of the heavy flavor physics program of the ATLAS experiment and its future potential through the discussion of recent published results.
SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT UNIFICATION OF CONDITIONING PROCESSES, STIMULUS—RESPONSE PSYCHOLOGY, AND NEURAL NETWORK MODELS

Donahoe, Palmer, and Burgos have provided a stimulating, provocative viewpoint on conditioning processes. We are especially appreciative of the clear and compelling way in which they characterize behavioral science as historical science. It seems undeniable that behavior at any moment is a result of a cumulation of actions of simpler processes across time and that, therefore, complex human behavior is resistant to experimental analysis. They suggest that neural network models exemplify the process of cumulation and therefore may serve well as models of conditioning processes. Their paper generated many questions for us, far more than can be accommodated in a short commentary. We, nevertheless, would like to pose a few so that Donahoe et al. can illuminate their position more fully. Our first question has to do with the treatment of operant and respondent conditioning processes as unified. It is not fully clear to us what exactly the word unified means as employed by Donahoe et al. If it means that conditioning arrangements invariably allow for both processes to operate, that is one thing. If it means that there is only a single conditioning process, that is another. It is our view that what is known currently makes it difficult to conceive of the two conditioning processes really as different manifestations of a single one. Consider first how characteristics of an unconditional stimulus (US) can alter what transpires in a conditioning situation. Because respondent conditioning inevitably can accompany operant conditioning, let us examine the case of a discriminat-
Radiosulfate determination of extracellular fluid volume in morbid obesity

A case is reported illustrating the difficulties in clinically assessing the degree of extracellular fluid volume overload in morbidly obese states. It is suggested that the measurement of the volume of distribution of orally administered radiosulfate may be of value in the clinical management of such patients.
Gene × gene and gene × environment interactions for complex disorders

The restricted partition method (RPM) provides a way to detect qualitative factors (e.g. genotypes, environmental exposures) associated with variation in quantitative or binary phenotypes, even if the contribution is predominantly an interaction displaying little or no signal in univariate analyses. The RPM provides a model (possibly non-linear) of the relationship between the predictor covariates and the phenotype as well as measures of statistical and clinical significance for the model.
Testing a Model of Nontraditional Career Choice Goals With Mexican American Adolescent Men

This study examined the nontraditional career choice goals of 302 Mexican American adolescent men using an extended version of Lent, Brown, and Hackett’s (1994) career choice model. It was hypothes...
ABERRANT VENTRICULAR CONDUCTION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Abstract The analysis of the commonly found patterns of aberrant ventricular conduction in correlation with anatomic studies suggests that: 1. 1. Those morphologies so frequently regarded vaguely as “only extrasystoles” or masking factors in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of infarction may yield considerable information in the evaluation of the patient when analyzed with the proper criteria. 2. 2. qR or QR patterns in the precordial leads that reflect the potentials of a specific ventricle were always diagnostic of septal infarction. 3. 3. The absence of “infarction” pattern in aberrant ventricular conduction does not exclude the presence of necrosis; especially if only the free ventricular wall is necrosed. 4. 4. The diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiograms was considerably improved when these patterns were studied.
Practical Reporting of Bayesian Analyses of Clinical Trials

Agreement on appropriate ways of presenting Bayesian analyses of clinical trials is essential if these methods are to obtain more widespread use and not fall into disrepute. Using an example based upon a trial currently in progress, two aspects of reporting are proposed. Using noninformative priors gives standardized likelihoods from which point and interval estimates, and probabilities associated with adverse effects, can be obtained with numerically similar values to classical estimates, confidence intervals, and p-values. Standardized likelihoods are therefore a useful means of introducing Bayesian analyses into trial reports and emphasizing the change in interpretation to quantifying beliefs. The second important use of Bayesian analyses is to illustrate strength of evidence coming from a trial by showing the sensitivity of the conclusions drawn to choice of prior distribution made. This can be achieved by employing other well–defined priors, notably that based on previous trial results and that refle...
A Bridge between Two Cultures: Uncovering the Chemistry Concepts Relevant to the Nursing Clinical Practice

This study focused on the undergraduate course that covers basic topics in general, organic, and biological (GOB) chemistry at a mid-sized state university in the western United States. The central objective of the research was to identify the main topics of GOB chemistry relevant to the clinical practice of nursing. The collection of data was based on open-ended interviews of both nursing and chemistry teaching faculty and nursing graduate students with clinical practice experience. From the resulting interview transcripts, three categories emerged: (i) topics that are important, having a direct application in nursing clinical practice; (ii) topics that are foundational, facilitating understanding of important topics, but are not directly important in nursing clinical practice; and (iii) topics that are not important, having no direct application and significance in nursing clinical practice. With the data collected, a list of clinically relevant chemistry topics was developed. Information from this study can assist GOB chemistry instructors to better understand which topics to emphasize in their teaching. Representatives of the two cultures, the disciplines of chemistry and nursing, agree that a good understanding of chemistry, with clinical implications, is important for a practicing nurse.
A light-scattering study of bovine factor VIII.

Classical light-scattering measurements made on bovine Factor VIII preparations, which contain a series of multimers ranging from 1 > 12 × 106 molecular weight, gave a weight average molecular weight of about 8 × 106 and a z-average radius of gyration of about 3000 A. Characteristic dimensions for variously shaped models were calculated.
Applications of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in oncology: measurement of tumor oxygen tension.

A new model based on an extension of the Krogh's cylindrical model was developed to calculate tumor oxygen tension (pO2) from the H-1 dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) measurements. The model enables one to calculate the tumor pO2 using the vascular volume fraction (fb) obtained by the DCE-MRI. The proposed model has three parameters. For small values of fb one assumes that there exists a linear relationship between and fb. The constant of proportionality in this case is given by C1 — the oxygen tension per vascular volume fraction. For larger values of fb a modified version of Krogh model using two parameters is developed and here C2 — is the integrated blood oxygen tension, and C3 -given by the combination of the oxygen diffusion coefficient, solubility of oxygen in the tissue, capillary radius, and tissue metabolic consumption rate. The parameters of the model can be determined by performing simultaneous in-vivo F-19 MRI oxygen tension measurement and dynamic Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI on the same tumo...
Development, morphology, and function of the yolk-sac placenta of laboratory rodents.

A review of current knowledge of the unusual structure and several functions of the yolk-sac membranes of common laboratory rodents, viz., rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs and gerbils, enables a better assessment of the significance of this maternofetal exchange system in the experimental production of congenital anomalies. The anatomy of both visceral and parietal walls of the rodent yolk-sac placenta--specifically the anatomical relationships of each wall with maternal and with other fetal tissues--depends on the mode of origin and subsequent development of the yolk sac in these several species. Accordingly, the developmental biology of the rodent yolk sac is described. Since both fine structure and anatomical relationships also determine in large measure the functioning of the membrane as a whole in the absorption of selected materials either for intracellular digestion or for cellular translocation and transport to the developing embryo, the anatomy of the yolk sac is considered in detail. Similarly, since available evidence strongly suggests that teratogenic agents induce perturbations in the cellular mechanisms that control these several functions of the yolk-sac placental system in the production of birth defects, additionally an account is given of the cell biology of the membrane, i.e., endocytosis and targeting/trafficking of materials either for digestion within the epithelium at the maternal surface of the visceral yolk sac or for translocation across the yolk-sac membrane as a whole.
Direct partial oxidation of methane over ZSM-5 catalyst: Zn-ZSM-5 catalyst studies

Extended studies on Zn-ZSM-5 catalyst for the production of liquid hydrocarbons in the direct partial oxidation (DPO) of CH4 with O2 are reported. Previously, it was reported that metal-containing ZSM-5 catalysts could produce C5+ hydrocarbons from pure CH4/O2 feeds without feed additives. Zn-ZSM-5 produced the highest C5+ yields of the catalysts tested. This work shows that the method of introducing Zn onto the catalyst, ion-exchange versus impregnation, does not significantly alter C5+ yields if low Zn content is maintained (∼ 0.4–0.5 wt%). Liquid hydrocarbon yields in this system doubled after 8 h on stream while overall C2+ yields increased by over 300%. Mechanistic implications of these findings are discussed. Finally, processing a natural gas feed over Zn-ZSM-5 gave higher C5+ yields over CH4 feed but these yields were not improved over previously published results using HZSM-5.
A method for terminating mesh lines in finite difference formulations of the semiconductor device equations

Abstract In this paper a method is described for terminating mesh lines in one or two dimensions within the context of the finite difference formulation of the semiconductor device equations This saves both computer time and storage since unneeded mesh points are eliminated. However, more importantly it can result in a system of equations that are better conditioned in the case of devices where the coupling between portions of the device is poor in the numerical sense. Several examples are shown of field effect power devices where convergence was only possible after the line termination methods were applied. Finally, a short discussion is presented on the relative advantages of the finite difference formalism in comparison to the finite element methods in light of the line termination technique.
The association between parental interaction style and children’s joint engagement in families with toddlers with autism

Purpose:This study examines the relationship between parental interaction style (responsive vs directive) and child-initiated joint engagement within caregiver–child interactions with toddlers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.Method:Videotaped interactions of 85 toddler–caregiver dyads were coded for child engagement and both parental responsiveness and directiveness.Results:Altogether, children spent less than one-third of the interaction jointly engaged. After controlling for child characteristics, parental style was associated with the initiator (child or parent) of joint engagement. Specifically, responsiveness predicted total time in child-initiated joint engagement, while directiveness predicted total time in parent-initiated joint engagement. Children’s social behaviours were associated with child-initiated joint engagement.Discussion:Social initiations are a key target for children with autism spectrum disorders. Results demonstrate that child initiations and global social behaviour rating...
Rigidity analysis of protein biological assemblies and periodic crystal structures

Background We initiate in silico rigidity-theoretical studies of biological assemblies and small crystals for protein structures. The goal is to determine if, and how, the interactions among neighboring cells and subchains affect the flexibility of a molecule in its crystallized state. We use experimental X-ray crystallography data from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The analysis relies on an effcient graph-based algorithm. Computational experiments were performed using new protein rigidity analysis tools available in the new release of our KINARI-Web server http://kinari.cs.umass.edu.
Divergent Paths to Drug Regulation in the United States and the United Kingdom

Significant differences in the availability of new medicines in the United States and the United Kingdom became apparent in the 1970s. This article examines the history of drug regulation in the two countries and argues that the divergence was the result of distinctive regulatory approaches that emerged simultaneously throughout the twentieth century. The British approach was based largely on informal, nonstatutory controls, while the American approach relied heavily on centralized regulatory controls. The article argues that the nature of business-government relations has played a significant role in the divergence. The impact of these divergent approaches is apparent in the contemporary regulatory framework, especially with respect to determining the effectiveness of new drugs.
Entanglement spectra of complex paired superfluids.

We study the entanglement in various fully gapped complex paired states of fermions in two dimensions, focusing on the entanglement spectrum (ES), and using the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) form of the ground-state wave function on a cylinder. Certain forms of the pairing functions allow a simple and explicit exact solution for the ES. In the weak-pairing phase of $\ensuremath{\ell}$-wave paired spinless fermions ($\ensuremath{\ell}$ odd), the universal low-lying part of the ES consists of $|\ensuremath{\ell}|$ chiral Majorana fermion modes [or $2|\ensuremath{\ell}|$ ($\ensuremath{\ell}$ even) for spin-singlet states]. For $|\ensuremath{\ell}|g1$, the pseudoenergies of the modes are split in general, but for all $\ensuremath{\ell}$ there is a zero-pseudoenergy mode at a zero wave vector if the number of modes is odd. This ES agrees with the perturbed conformal field theory of the edge excitations. For more general BCS states, we show how the entanglement gap diverges as a model pairing function is approached.
Of Guns and Ballots: Attitudes towards Unconventional and Destructive Political Participation among Sinn Féin and Herri Batasuna Supporters

Ireland and Northern Ireland's Sinn Fein and the Spanish Basque Country's Herri Batasuna are two radical nationalist parties alleged to be tied to terrorist organizations. The leaderships of both p...
Colchicine-induced degeneration of the micronucleus during conjugation in Tetrahymena

One of the most dramatic examples of nuclear morphogenesis occurs during conjugation in Tetrahymena when the micronucleus elongates to a size longer than the cell itself. After contraction to a spherical shape, the nucleus moves directly to chromosome separation in the first meiotic division. Here we investigate the consequences of interrupting the elongation process. Colchicine, a microtubule inhibitor, caused retraction of elongated structures. With time, cells began to lose their micronuclei, and by five hours more than half of the paired cells had at least one cell missing a micronucleus. After reversing the colchicine block, existing micronuclei did not undergo elongation again, nor did meiosis occur. These observations indicate that micronuclear elongation is critical to subsequent meiotic division. Further, nuclear elimination occurs, which could be due to meiotic failure or possibly a problem downstream from meiosis. An analysis of the process of colchicine-induced micronuclear degeneration indicated that it was regulated by a caspase-dependent mechanism, characteristic of apoptosis, and then resorbed by a lysosome-dependent autophagic mechanism. Amicronucleate cells failed to grow when returned to nutrient medium, likely because of a lesion in the post-conjugation reconstruction of a functioning oral apparatus. The ease by which a large number of nuclei are induced to "self-destruct" may make this system useful in investigating the link between colchicine treatment and nuclear death in Tetrahymena, and in investigating how nuclear death could be regulated in living cells more generally. Finally, we note that this phenomenon might relate to the evolution of amicronucleate species of Tetrahymena.
The transient response of photoconductive camera tubes employing low-velocity scanning

The transient signal which results from the characteristics of a low-velocity electron beam and the capacitance of the scanned surface has been calculated. A very slow transient of the hyperbolic type can result if the scanned surface is stabilized at a retarding field potential. The calculations have been verified by tests on a 6198 Vidicon, which was taken as an example. For this tube, the relative contributions of the "electronic transient" and the photoconductive decay to the observed transient response were determined. They make comparable contributions to the total transient.
Right Ventricular Function, Pulmonary Pressure Estimation, and Clinical Outcomes in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background—Right ventricular function (RVF) is an important determinant of outcome in patients with heart failure, and those with severe RV dysfunction have worse outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We used data from the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) Trial to determine whether therapy with CRT is influenced by or affects RV function and to define the relationship between RV function and outcomes. Methods and Results—A total of 1820 patients were randomly assigned to CRT plus implantable cardioverter defibrillator or implantable cardioverter defibrillator-only in a 3:2 ratio. We assessed RVF as RV fractional area change by echocardiography at baseline and after 1 year of therapy (n=1511 and 1273, respectively). The median RV fractional area change was 41%, with 10.9% of patients <35% at baseline. Baseline RVF did not modify the treatment effect of CRT on the primary outcome (interaction P=0.19). Randomization to ...
Secondary Physical Educators and Sport Content: A Love Affair

Despite the expansion and diversification of contemporary physical activity culture, curricula of many secondary physical education programs remain narrowly comprised of sport content. Given the personal and contextual nature of teaching and the immense amount of control teachers exercise over their programs, we examined how a group of 15 secondary physical educators selected content. Using Interpretive methodology we spent two school years working with the teachers. The main finding of this study revealed that the deeply embodied biographically based emotional connections these teachers had with sports played a powerful role in how they selected content. In particular, we found that the teachers’ discussion of their emotional bonds with sports were very akin to how one might explain a love affair. Sternberg’s (1986) Triangular Theory of Love and other literature are used to explain what this love affair may mean for all stakeholders concerned with curricula in secondary physical education.
Urban streams across the USA: lessons learned from studies in 9 metropolitan areas

AbstractStudies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems have usually focused on single metropolitan areas. Synthesis of the results of such studies have been useful in developing general conceptual models of the effects of urbanization, but the strength of such generalizations is enhanced by applying consistent study designs and methods to multiple metropolitan areas across large geographic scales. We summarized the results from studies of the effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems in 9 metropolitan areas across the US (Boston, Massachusetts; Raleigh, North Carolina; Atlanta, Georgia; Birmingham, Alabama; Milwaukee-Green Bay, Wisconsin; Denver, Colorado; Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas; Salt Lake City, Utah; and Portland, Oregon). These studies were conducted as part of the US Geological Survey’s National Water-Quality Assessment Program and were based on a common study design and used standard sample-collection and processing methods to facilitate comparisons among study areas. All studies inc...
Timing acquisition with noisy template for ultra-wideband communications in dense multipath

Timing acquisition is critical to enabling the potential of ultra-wideband (UWB) radios in high-speed, short-range indoor wireless networking. An effective timing acquisition method should not only operate at a low sampling rate to reduce implementation complexity and synchronization time, but also be able to collect sufficient signal energy in order to operate in a reasonable transmit SNR regime. Energy capture for time-hopping impulse-radio transmissions in dense multipath is particularly challenging during the synchronization phase, in the absence of reliable channel and timing information. In this paper, we develop an efficient sampling strategy for correlation-based receivers to accomplish adequate energy capture at a low cost, using a noisy correlation template constructed directly from the received waveform. Merging our sampling operation based on noisy template with low-complexity timing acquisition schemes, we derive enhanced cyclostationarity-based blind synchronizers, as well as data-aided maximum likelihood timing offset estimators, all operating at a low frame rate. Both analysis and simulations confirm evident improvement in timing performance when using our noisy template, which makes our low-complexity timing acquisition algorithms attractive for practical UWB systems operating in dense multipath.
North American Integration? Civil Society and Immigrant Health Policy Convergence

Post-North American Free Trade Agreement and post-9/11, increasing labor mobility combined with tightening security regimes and rising anti-immigrant sentiment has negatively impacted the health of mobile transnational populations in North America. Public health and immigration researchers have documented the problems faced by migrants and immigrants, including lack of access to health services and increased risk of exposure to infectious disease, work-related hazards, and violence. This article examines how civil society organizations that serve transnational populations act as drivers for health policy innovation and convergence. The methodology is a comparative case study that combines qualitative methods to analyze data across a range of knowledge domains. The article generates new knowledge about the role of nonstate actors on hemispheric integration and policy convergence. Despues del Tratado de Libre Comercio de America del Norte y 11/9, la movilidad laboral en aumento junto con el refuerzo de las medidas de seguridad y el creciente sentimiento anti-inmigrante ha impactado negativamente la salud de la poblacion trasnacional movil en America del Norte. La salud publica y los investigadores de inmigracion han documentado los problemas que enfrentan los migrantes y emigrantes, incluyendo la falta de acceso a los servicios de salud, un mayor riesgo de exposicion a las enfermedades infecciosas, riesgos en el trabajo y violencia. Este articlo examina como las organizaciones de la sociedad civil que atienden a las poblaciones transnacionales actuan como motor de la innovacion y convergencia. La metodologia es un estudio de caso comparativo que combina metodos cualitativos para analizar informacion a traves de una serie de ambitos del conocimiento. El articulo genera nuevo conocimiento acerca del rol de los actores no-gubernamentales en la integracion hemisferica y la convergencia de politicas.
Cystic fibrosis : Lessons from the sweat gland

Lessons from the sweat gland on cystic fibrosis (CF) began long before modern medicine became a science. In European folklore, the curse that "a child that taste salty when kissed will soon die" (Alonso y de los Ruyzes de Fonteca J. Diez Previlegios para Mugeres Prenadas. Henares, Spain, 1606) has been taken by many as a direct reference to cystic fibrosis [Busch R. Acta Univ Carol Med (Praha) 36: 13-15, 1990]. The high salt concentration in sweat from patients with CF is now accepted as almost pathognomonic with this fatal genetic disease, but the earliest descriptions of cystic fibrosis as a disease entity did not mention sweat or sweat glands (Andersen DH. Am J Dis Child 56: 344-399, 1938; Andersen DH, Hodges RG. Am J Dis Child 72: 62-80, 1946). Nonetheless, defective sweating soon became an inseparable, and major, component of the constellation of symptoms that diagnose "cystic fibrosis" (Davis PB. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173: 475-482, 2006). The sweat gland has played a foremost role in diagnosing, defining pathophysiology, debunking misconceptions, and increasing our understanding of the effects of the disease on organs, tissues, cells, and molecules. The sweat gland has taught us much.
CD19 can regulate B lymphocyte signal transduction independent of complement activation.

B lymphocytes are critically regulated by signals transduced through the CD19-CD21 cell surface receptor complex, where complement C3d binding to CD21 supplies an already characterized ligand. To determine the extent that CD19 function is controlled by complement activation, CD19-deficient mice (that are hyporesponsive to transmembrane signals) and mice overexpressing CD19 (that are hyperresponsive) were crossed with CD21- and C3-deficient mice. Cell surface CD19 and CD21 expression were significantly affected by the loss of CD21 and C3 expression, respectively. Mature B cells from CD21-deficient littermates had ∼36% higher cell surface CD19 expression, whereas CD21/35 expression was increased by ∼45% on B cells from C3-deficient mice. Negative regulation of CD19 and CD21 expression by CD21 and C3, respectively, may be functionally significant because small increases in cell surface CD19 overexpression can predispose to autoimmunity. Otherwise, B cell development and function in CD19-deficient and -overexpressing mice were not significantly affected by a simultaneous loss of CD21 expression. Although CD21-deficient mice were found to express a hypomorphic cell surface CD21 protein at low levels that associated with mouse CD19, C3 deficiency did not significantly affect B cell development and function in CD19-deficient or -overexpressing mice. These results, and the severe phenotype exhibited by CD19-deficient mice compared with CD21- or C3-deficient mice, collectively demonstrate that CD19 can regulate B cell signaling thresholds independent of CD21 engagement and complement activation.
Tectonic rotations on the leading edge of South America: The Bolivian orocline revisited

Cretaceous paleomagnetic poles for South America form three distinct groups, one each for the Andes north and south of Arica (northernmost Chile) and one for the craton. Relative to the cratonal group, the northern Andean group is displaced in a counterclockwise sense and the southern Andean group in a clockwise sense. These data have been used to support a model of orodinal bending of the Andes, but distributed shear caused by oblique subduction is a more likely mechanism.
The hand in mixed connective tissue disease

The mixed connective tissue disease syndrome has been described in the medical literature. The clinical and serological characteristics of the syndrome are defined in this paper. The hands of these patients differ from the hands of patients with systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic sclerosis. In 10 patients there were no erosive changes on radiological examination and all 10 patients had Raynaud's phenomenon. The most striking finding was tightness in the flexors. Mild cases of flexor tightness improved with systemic steroids. One patient with severe flexor tightness required surgical release of adhesions from a chronic inflammatory process of fascia, muscle, and tenosynovium. Biochemical studies showed an abnormal collagen pattern that may be distinct for mixed connective tissue disease.
Nutrition and hydration: an analysis of the recent papal statement in the light of the Roman Catholic bioethical tradition.

This article discuses the unexpectedly firm stance professed by John Paul II on the provision of artificial nutrition and hydration to patients who are in a persistent vegetative state, and its implications on previously held standards of judging medical treatments. The traditional ordinary/extraordinary care distinction is assessed in light of complexities of the recent allocution as well as its impact on Catholic individuals and in Catholic health care facilities. Shannon concludes that the papal allocution infers that the average Catholic patient is incapable of making proper judgments about their own care. Shannon sees the preservation of life at all costs as at least highly troubling, if not as a radical move against the Catholic medical ethics tradition.
CONTACT MATTRESS TO PREVENT HEAT LOSS IN NEONATAL AND PAEDIATRIC SURGERY

During surgical operations under a general anaesthetic, neonates can rapidly lose heat. Although many devices have been used in an attempt to overcome this problem, none has really fulfilled the exacting requirements of the patient and the surgical team. We have developed a contact mattress, utilizing warmed air, which enables body temperature to be maintained in a convenient way. It is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and simple to use. Sufficient safeguards have been incorporated to prevent overheating or build-up of static electricity. It can be quickly and conveniently cleaned after use. Diathermy pads can be used without difficulty.
A projection space map method for limited angle reconstruction

Presents a method to reconstruct images from finite sets of noisy projections which are available only over limited or sparse angles. The method solves a constrained optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of the full 2-D Radon transform of the object, using prior knowledge of object mass, center of mass, and convex support, and information about fundamental constraints and smoothness of the Radon transform. This efficient primal-dual algorithm consists of an iterative local relaxation stage which solves a partial differential equation in Radon-space, followed by a simple Lagrange multiplier update stage. The object is reconstructed using convolution backprojection applied to the Radon transform estimate. >
Automatic And Purposive Semantic Processing In Learning Disabled Individuals

The memory processes of learning disabled adolescents were compared to those of their non-disabled age-level and reading-level counterparts. The learning disabled individuals performed similarly to their nondisabled reading-level peers on global recall measures. More detailed analyses, however, revealed that their actual processing was more similar to their age-level counterparts.
Kafkaesque Bureaucracies as Natural Breaching Experiments: Interactional Failures and the Search for Institutional Agency

In accord with scholars who have suggested extending the symbolic interactionist perspective to investigate interactions with macrolevel structures, we argue that symbolic interactionism provides valuable tools to understand how bureaucratic breakdowns are interpreted by individuals. In this article, we use the experience of interacting with a Kafkaesque bureaucracy as a natural breaching experiment in order to outline the subjective effects of large-scale institutional failure. In particular, we look at homeowners' interpretations of a flawed program initiated by the Obama administration to stem the tide of foreclosures. We conclude that persistent interaction failures with the bank divisions charged with modifying mortgages led frustrated and confused homeowners to question the nature of the bureaucratic interaction. This produced a search for a blame-worthy agency and revealed the ways that agency was conceptualized in this complex and obscure institutional setting.
The War at Home: Effects of Vietnam-Era Military Service on Postwar Household Stability

Prior researchers have deployed the Vietnam-era draft lottery as an instrument to estimate causal effects of military service on health and earnings. However, household and residential outcomes may be more sensitive to the psychological effects of military service. Using 2SLS analyses of the 2000 Census and the 2005 American Community Survey, we find mixed results for residential stability, housing tenure, and extended family residence. While in the ACS white veterans are less mobile, veteran status has no effect on homeownership. Veteran status reduces extended family living for whites in the Census but increases it for ACS veterans of "other" races.
Remembering Furman's Comparative Proportionality: A Response to Smith and Staihar

This short paper responds to recent articles in the Iowa Law Review by Robert Smith and Jim Staihar. Specifically, it emphasizes the value of comparative proportionality in understanding both the Eighth Amendment and retributive theory.