cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations on Vitamin A Deficiency in Turkey Breeding Stock

Abstract DURING the 1950 turkey breeding season a deficiency of vitamin A was caused by feeding dehydrated alfalfa meal which was low in carotene. Analysis of the meal being fed when the deficiency symptoms were noted showed that it contained only 22,000 units of vitamin A activity per pound whereas the calculated minimum amount was 67,000. Assays on several other meals gave values of about 90,000 units per pound. The mash fed was composed of the following ingredients: fish meal 5%, meat meal 5%, soybean oil meal 14%, dried whey 5%, alfalfa meal 15%, salt 1%, bone meal 2%, ground limestone 2%, fish oil (750A, 400D) 0.5%, wheat millrun 15%, ground yellow corn 10%, ground wheat 6%, ground barley 18.7%, fermentation product (250 mcg. riboflavin/gm.) 0.8%, manganese sulfate 0.05%. The mash was fed with equal parts of grain. Most of the birds were Bronze with some birds of mixed ancestry and . . .
Comparison of one-dimensional IEF patterns for serologically detectable HLA-A and B allotypes

A new mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 4E, which detects an epitope shared by HLA-B locus antigens, together with the MoAb W6/32, detecting a common HLA, B, C, determinant, and the MoAb4B, detecting HLA-A2 and A28, were used to isolate HLA-A and -B antigens in sequential immunoprecipitation. The HLA antigens obtained from metabolically labeled cell extracts of B-lymphoblastoid cell lines or from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes were compared by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing (1D-IEF). The IEF banding patterns obtained with native HLA antigens segregated in a family with HLA. Neuraminidase treatment of isolated antigens reduced the number of bands to one or two, simplifying the analysis of characteristic patterns. Thus, we have cataloged IEF banding patterns for the majority of the serologically recognized HLA-A and -B allotypes obtained from 57 unrelated American Caucasians. While no HLA-A locus or HLA-B locus specific banding patterns were observed, the HLA-A antigens had, in general, slightly higher pI values than the HLA-B antigens. HLA-C antigens could not be detected in this assay system. The polymorphism detected by IEF banding patterns was as extensive as the serologically detected polymorphism identified by classical HLA serology. Moreover, variants for some HLA allotypes could be detected by this method. In addition to previously recognized A2 variants, new variants were identified for HLA-A1, A26, and Bw44. Each A1 and Bw44 variant was associated with particular haplotypes. The HLA-A2 antigens occurred on 43 HLA haplotypes in the unrelated Caucasian population. Only one of each A2 variants was identified in this population.
Identifying and predicting visual preference of southern Appalachian forest recreation vistas

Abstract Visual preference of forest recreation vistas from the Blue Ridge Parkway of the Southern Appalachians was measured and used as a dependent variable for determining landscape predictors of vista preference. A photo-questionnaire was used to obtain scenic preference ratings for vistas from 721 parkway visitors. Factor analysis of visual preference estimate values for 96 vistas reduced the data set to nine vista landscape themes. Mountain forest landscapes with water, either flowing or stationary, ranked highest in scenic preference, followed by mountain vistas with multi-ridges in the background. Least preferred were vista landscapes consisting of views with only one mountain ridge present, and vistas in which the foreground woody vegetation obscured a portion of the vista. Topography, vegetation zones, viewing distance and dominant landscape features identified within the nine factored landscape themes were digitized and quantified. Multiple regression models were formulated using the digitized landscape and feature measurements as predictors of scenic preference. Results indicated 76 and 71% of the variance in scenic preference could be explained by the best two models. Forest border or edge in the fore/mid-ground, moving water, and amount of ridge line (multi-ridges) were positive predictors, while obstructing vegetation in the foreground of unmaintained vistas detracted the most from scenic preference. Both the qualitative identification of scenic landscape themes through factor analysis, and the quantitative determination of landscape predictors of scenic preference have implications for the designing and management of overlook vistas in scenic recreation areas.
STOCK BUYBACKS, CORPORATE PERFORMANCE, AND EVA

Most studies of corporate stock repurchase focus on the effect of stock buyback announcements on the stock price performance of companies announcing the programs, and on the corporate motives for undertaking stock buyback programs. The study described in this article examines the effects of actual stock buyback activities on corporate performance, addressing the question whether buybacks are associated with increases in economic value or EVA. In general, the study reports that the operating performance of buyback companies is better than that of non-buyback companies, and that performance improves in the year following the initiation of repurchasing activities. Although it is not the central focus of this study, the findings are consistent with both the free cash flow and the information signaling hypotheses as motives for engaging in stock buybacks.
The Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman

(2012). The Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman. The Journal of Modern Craft: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 231-235.
Some fluid-mechanical problems in geophysics—waves in the atmosphere and fault lubrication☆

Many geophysical processes occurring in the ocean and atmosphere are commonly investigated using fluid mechanics. Tsunami in the ocean, and atmospheric waves excited by volcanic eruptions and other causes are among the most typical problems in geophysics where fluid mechanics plays an important role. Several examples which pertain to the processes in the atmosphere and to earthquake faulting where fluid mechanics plays a key role are discussed in this short review.
Familial hyperlipoproteinemia and thyroid dysfunction of beagles.

Abstract Some biological characteristics of beagle dogs with familial hyperlipoproteinemia were reported. Data were obtained from hyperlipoproteinemic beagles and from normolipoproteinemic beagles of a similar age range (4 to 8 yr) and normolipoproteinemic beagles 1 to 2.5 yr of age. Affected dogs were markedly hyperlipoproteinemic even though the diet contained less than 8% fat and less than 0.05% cholesterol. Serum total lipid concentrations were 3-fold higher in affected beagles; the greatest percentage increase was in triglycerides and cholesterol which averaged 986 and 627 mg/dl, respectively. Normolipoproteinemic dogs had essentially no low density (LD) or very low density (VLD) lipoprotein as determined by electrophoresis in agarose gel, whereas LD and VLD lipoproteins predominated in hyperlipoproteinemic beagles. Hyperlipoproteinemic dogs had mildly impaired carbohydrate tolerance and relative hyperinsulinemia during intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Primary hypothyroidism was considered the major cause of hyperlipoproteinemia because affected dogs had significantly lower concentrations of serum thyroxin (T 4 ) and essentially no change in the levels of serum T 4 after injection of thyrotropin. Additionally, data obtained from in vitro triiodothyronine uptake tests revealed relative unsaturation of serum thyroxine binding protein in dogs with hyperlipoproteinemia.
Additive hazard regression with auxiliary covariates

We consider the additive hazard model when some of the true covariates are measured only on a randomly selected validation set whereas auxiliary covariates are observed for all study subjects. An updated pseudoscore estimation approach is proposed for the parameters of the additive hazard model. It allows one to fit the model with auxiliary covariates, while leaving the baseline hazard unspecified. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established, and consistent standard error estimators are developed. Simulations demonstrate that the asymptotic approximations of the proposed estimates are adequate for practical use. A real example is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
A fast data-bus to buffer-memory interface

Abstract A fast, economical VME based interface between fast data buses and high speed buffer memories has been built. This module in addition to handling the hand-shaking lines, supplies a gate, a busy signal, and a clear signal at the end of data transfer. A header word with programmable contents is inserted at the beginning of each event giving a discernable event boundary. This device, dubbed the FERA Faucet Maier (FFM), has been applied to the LeCroy ECLine bus coupled to a Creative Electronics Solution 8170 High Speed Memory. It will transfer data at rates up to 10 Mbytes/s from the LeCroy FERAs to the VME based memory.
Interband tunneling transport in 2-dimensional crystal semiconductors

Interband quantum tunneling of electrons in semiconductors is of intense recent interest as the underlying transport mechanism in tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs). The emergence of 2-dimensional (2D) semiconducting crystals[1] provides a new material platform for realizing such devices. To date, interband tunneling in purely 2D semiconducting crystal junctions has not received sufficient attention, certainly not to the extent it has for 3D semiconductor p-n junctions since Zener's[2] and Esaki's works[3]. In this work, we derive an analytical expression for the Zener tunneling current in a 2D crystal semiconductor p-i-n junction. Using this expression, we evaluate various 2D crystal semiconductors for their tunneling current drives.
Undercut Banks: A Habitat for More Than Just Trout

Abstract Undercut banks have long been appreciated by fisheries managers for their value as cover for salmonids, but their value to other species has not been documented. In two spring-fed streams surrounded by open meadows (Mono County, California), we found that several species of adult aquatic insects hide beneath undercut banks during the day. A D-frame net was used to make collections from this habitat. Undercut banks may be especially important to adult insects in open meadows, where there is no overhead cover from shrubs or trees.
A comparison of multiple indicators--observations, supervisor report, and self-report as measures of workers' hearing protection use.

The purpose of this study was to compare multiple indicators of behavior and identify the most viable measure of blue-collar workers 'use of hearing protection. Three measures of use were employed: observations, supervisor report, and self-report. Supervisor report was highly discrepant from both self-report and observed use; self-report and observations were highly correlated, and discrepancies between the two were slight. These results suggest that, for this type of measurement, self-report is an appropriate measure and may be the best choice when time and monetary resources restrict measurement to one indicator
Interaction of self-assembled Ge islands and adjacent Si layers grown on unpatterned and patterned Si(001) substrates

For use in electronic devices, self-assembled Ge islands formed on Si(001) must be covered with an additional Si layer. Chemically vapor deposited Si layers initially grow very rapidly over Ge islands because of the catalytic effect of Ge on the reaction of the Si-containing gas. The edges of the Si features covering Ge “pyramids” are rotated by 45° with respect to the edges of the Ge pyramids because of the different mechanisms orienting the Ge islands and the Si features. When multiple layers of islands are formed, the in-plane ordering of the Ge islands depends on the thickness of the Si interlayer separating the island layers. When selective Si is grown on a patterned Si wafer to form the underlying structure for the Ge islands, the position of the islands is influenced by the detailed shape of the Si near the edges, which in turn depends on the thickness of the selectively deposited Si, the pattern size, and the amount of surrounding oxide.
Anomalous rectification in rat locus coeruleus neurons

Rat locus coeruleus neurons recorded under current clamp conditions show anomalous rectification (AR) as indicated by a progressive decrease in slope resistance measured with hyperpolarizing current pulses of increasing amplitude. AR was most prominent at potentials more negative than the K+ equilibrium potential. AR was strongly dependent on external K+ concentration and was blocked by external Ba2+ and Cs+, and intracellular injection of acetate.
Hypertension After Kidney Transplant

Hypertension in kidney transplant recipients is a major "traditional" risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Importantly, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of premature death and a major factor in death-censored graft failure in transplant recipients. The blood pressure achieved after transplant is related inversely to postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), with many patients experiencing a significant improvement in blood pressure control with fewer medications within months of surgery. However, the benefits of improved GFR and fluid status may be affected by the immunosuppression regimen. Immunosuppressive agents affect hypertension through a variety of mechanisms, including catechol- and endothelin-induced vasoconstriction, abrogation of nitric oxide-induced vasodilatation, and sodium retention. Most notable is the role of calcineurin inhibitors in promoting hypertension, cyclosporine more so than tacrolimus. Additionally, the combination of calcineurin- and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitor therapy is synergistically nephrotoxic and promotes hypertension, whereas steroid withdrawal and minimization strategies seem to have little or no impact on hypertension. Other important causes of hypertension after transplant, beyond a progressive decrease in GFR, include transplant renal artery stenosis and sequelae of antibody-mediated rejection. Calcium channel blockers may be the most useful medication for mitigating calcineurin inhibitor-induced vasoconstriction, and use of such agents may be associated with improvements in GFR. Use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, remains an attractive strategy for many transplant recipients, although some recipients may have significant adverse effects associated with these medications, including decreased GFR, hyperkalemia, and anemia. In conclusion, hypertension control affects both patient and long-term transplant survival, and its best management requires careful analysis of causes and close monitoring of therapies.
Passive Acute Glomerulonephritis Induced by Antigen-Antibody Complexes Solubilized in Hapten Excess.∗:

SummaryAcute glomerulonephritis has been produced passively in normal mice by soluble antigen-antibody complexes prepared from rabbit anti-DNP Bγg which was precipitated at equivalence with DNPBSA and dissolved in excess hapten, ∊NH2DNP lysine. The fate and distribution of the injected antigen-antibody complexes and of purified rabbit antibody, which was used as a control, were studied by the fluorescent antibody technic. The complexes were rapidly and efficiently phagocytosed by the cells of the reticuloendothelial system and had largely disappeared from these cells within 24 hours. In contrast, there was only slight localization of complexes within glomeruli following a single injection, but with 3 injections in 24 hours, which resulted in production of acute glomerulonephritis, marked accumulation of complexes occurred in glomeruli; this was apparent 24 hours after the last injection. Purified rabbit antibody did not localize in glomeruli and only in trace amounts in the cells of the reticuloendothelia...
Actinobacillus sp. Bacteremia in Foals: Clinical Signs and Prognosis

Medical records of 101 blood culture-confirmed bacteremic foals were reviewed to determine whether foals with Actinobacillus sp. bacteremia are affected at an earlier age, have more severe signs of disease, and have a worse prognosis than do foals with bacteremia of other causes. Thirty percent (30/101) of bacteremic foals had Actinobacillus sp. cultured, and these were 2 times more likely to die (crude odds ratio [OR(CR)] 0.8, 4; P = .14), with a survival rate of 43% (13/30) compared to the overall survival rate of 55% (56/101). When compared to other bacteremic foals, foals with actinobacillosis were 7 times more likely to have been sick from birth (adjusted odds ratio [OR(ADJ)] 2, 26; P = .003) and 6 times more likely to have diarrhea (OR(ADJ) 1, 22; P = .009). By bivariate analysis. foals with Actinobacillus sp. bacteremia were 5 times more likely to have a sepsis score >11 (OR(CR) 1, 18; P = .007), 6 times more likely to be obtunded (OR(CR) 2, 20; P = .005), and 3 times more likely to have pneumonia (OR(CR) 1, 7; P = .03). Furthermore, Actinobacillus sp. bacteremic foals were 27 times more likely to have a segmented neutrophil count 0.46 x 10(9) cells/L (OR(ADJ) 1, 17; P = .02) when compared to foals that had bacteremia caused by either gram-negative enteric or gram-positive organisms. Sepsis score was < or = 11 in 49% (29/59) of bacteremia foals aged <13 days for which a discernible sepsis score was calculable. Results of this study should improve the diagnostic sensitivity of clinical examinations of neonatal foals, thereby facilitating treatment decisions.
Measuring, Explaining and Preventing Shoplifting: A Review of British Research

This paper reviews knowledge about measuring, explaining and preventing shoplifting, with a special focus on British research. Police and court records show that there are over 100,000 recorded offenders each year, and 4 – 5% of the population are convicted for shoplifting up to age 40. Surveys of retailers suggest that there are over 4 million known shoplifting incidents, 1.3 million apprehended shoplifters, and 800,000 shoplifters reported to the police each year. Self-report surveys show that the median age of onset of shoplifting for males is 10, while the median age of desistance is 14. About one in 7 offenders is convicted sooner or later, but only about one in 150 offences leads to conviction. Systematic observation suggested that about 500 items per week were being stolen in two stores. Repeated counting of items showed that about 10% of all items were stolen as opposed to sold. A prevention experiment is described which showed that store redesign and electronic tagging were effective in reducing shoplifting in the short term.
The "yo-yo" technique to prevent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after anterior clinoidectomy for proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms.

Objective Resection of the anterior clinoid process is important for the exposure of aneurysms on clinoidal and supraclinoidal segments of the internal carotid artery. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea can complicate anterior clinoidectomy when the optic strut is pneumatized and its removal communicates the subarachnoid space with the sphenoid sinus. We present a technique for repairing this defect and preventing CSF rhinorrhea. Methods A suture is secured around a strip of temporalis muscle, which is then pushed through the opening in the optic strut completely into the sphenoid sinus. The ends of suture that trail the muscle are used to retract the muscle from the sphenoid sinus back into the optic strut. The suture is trimmed and the repair is covered with sealant or fibrin glue. Results During an 8-year period in which 127 patients with proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms that required anterior clinoidectomy were treated, pneumatized optic struts were encountered in 14 patients (11%). Four patients were treated with the "yo-yo" technique, none of whom experienced CSF rhinorrhea. Before using this technique, 10 patients were managed with standard packing techniques (wax, muscle, and gel foam) and four of these patients subsequently experienced CSF rhinorrhea (40%). In these four patients, all required reoperation with either craniotomy and packing with pericranium (one patient), Couldwell-Luc procedure (one patient), or endoscopic transnasal obliteration of the sphenoid sinus with fat (two patients). Conclusion The "yo-yo" technique of tightly wedging a muscle plug into the optic strut proved to be simple, fast, and effective, preventing CSF rhinorrhea in all patients in whom it was applied. Although experience with this technique is limited, reversing the direction of packing and pulling muscle from the sphenoid sinus into the optic strut eliminated a complication that occurred in 40% of patients with standard packing techniques.
On the possible role of organic melanoidin polymers as matrices for prebiotic activity

One of the major diagenetic pathways of organic matter in recent sediments involves the condensation of cellular constituents, particularly amino acids and sugars, into insoluble melanoidin-type polymers. These polymers consist mainly of humic and fulvic acids and make up the major part of the organic carbon reservoir in recent sediments. We suggest that a similar set of reactions between abiotically formed amino acids and sugars, and more generally between aldehydes and amines, occurred on a large scale in the prebiotic hydrosphere. The rapid formation of this insoluble polymeric material would have removed the bulk of the dissolved organic carbon from the primitive oceans and would thus have prevented the formation of an "organic soup". Melanoidin polymers have several properties which make them attractive hypothetical precursors of contemporary oxidation-reduction coenzymes: 1. they contain heterocyclic nitrogen compounds similar to the nitrogenous bases; 2. they contain a high concentration of stable free radicals; and 3. they tend to concentrate those heavy metals which play prominent roles in contemporary enzymic redox processes. The prebiotic formation of similar polymers could, therefore, have provided the starting point for a basic class of biochemical reactions. We suggest that the prebiotic scenario involved chemical and protoenzymic reactions at the sediment-ocean interface in relatively shallow waters and under conditions not much different from those of the recent environment.
Electron-microscopic, cytochemical and biochemical studies of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in muscle of dystrophic mice.

Abstract We have studied extrajunctional muscle of control and dystrophic mice by electron microscopic-cytochemistry and radiometric assay. We have found both a soluble and particulate AChE activity, which is similar proportionally in control and dystrophic muscle. The particulate AChE activity is probably due to the enzyme localized in the sarcotubular system. These sites are more numerous in muscle adjacent to the motor end-plate than in distally located extrajunctional muscle, and are increased markedly in the dystrophic mouse. Myoblasts and small muscle fibers in the dystrophic mouse also have AChE activity in the reticulum similar to fetal muscle. The soluble AChE activity identified radiometrically may represent those sites exhibiting random cytochemical end-product, such as some muscle nuclei, satellite cells, myogenic mononuclear cells in the connective tissue, and degenerating axonal boutons no longer associated with junctional folds of muscle. Enzyme activity is present in degenerating fibers, but it is randomly dispersed in the sarcoplasm rather than membrane-bound. AChE activity has not been found in debris of completely necrotic muscle. BuChE activity is higher and the number of BuChE-active sites in the sarcotubular system adjacent to the motor end-plates is greater in dystrophic muscle than in control muscle.
Majorana fermion chain at the quantum spin Hall edge

We study a realization of a 1D chain of Majorana bound states at the interfaces between alternating ferromagnetic and superconducting regions at a quantum spin Hall insulator edge. In the limit of well-separated Majoranas, the system can be mapped to the transverse field Ising model. The disordered critical point can be reached by tuning the relative magnitude or phases of the ferromagnetic and superconducting order parameters. We compute the voltage dependence of the tunneling current from a metallic tip into the Majorana chain as a direct probe of the random critical state.
Internal versus External Social Capital and the Success of Community Initiatives: A Case of Self-Organizing Collaborative Governance in Nepal

Most research examining the relationship between social capital and outcomes focuses on either internal social capital or external social capital. This article examines the impact of both internal and external social capital on the success of self-organizing community initiatives. A study of community water projects in a developing country, Nepal, shows that communities that enjoy less internal conflict and more external partnerships are more likely to be successful in securing agency funds for their projects. Also, communities face trade-offs between internal and external social capital. These dimensions of social capital are not perfect substitutes, and communities that maintain a strategic balance between the two maximize gains from a trade-off. Moreover, such an optimal choice is dependent on the level of internal and external social capital that these communities hold.
The impact of public and private sector transparency on foreign direct investment in developing countries

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the role of public and private transparency in attracting inward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries.Design/methodology/approach – The study tests the hypothesis that developing countries with low levels of public and private sector transparency attract lower levels of FDI inflows. It also tests the hypotheses that private sector transparency in developing countries has a greater impact on inward FDI than public sector transparency. A cross‐sectional model was tested for 58 developing countries (using regression analysis) over the 2003‐2006 period.Findings – The empirical analysis shows that: private sector transparency has a significant and positive effect on inward FDI flows to developing countries; public sector transparency has a positive and significant effect on FDI inflows; and private sector transparency has a greater influence on FDI inflows to developing countries than public sector transparency.Originality/value – This is the first ...
A Minimum Parameter Adaptive Approach for Rejecting Multiple Narrow-Band Disturbances With Application to Hard Disk Drives

Many servo systems are subjected to narrow-band disturbances that generate vibrations at multiple frequencies. One example is the track-following control in a hard disk drive (HDD) system, where the airflow-excited disk and actuator vibrations introduce strong and uncertain spectral peaks to the position error signal. Such narrow-band vibrations differ in each product and can appear at frequencies above the bandwidth of the control system. We present a feedback control scheme that adaptively enhances the servo performance at multiple unknown frequencies, while maintaining the baseline servo loop shape. A minimum parameter model of the disturbance is first introduced, followed by the construction of a novel adaptive multiple narrow-band disturbance observer for selective disturbance cancellation. Evaluation of the proposed algorithm is performed on a simulated HDD benchmark problem.
Denied, Embracing, and Resisting Medicalization African American Teen Mothers' Perceptions of Formal Pregnancy and Childbirth Care

Teens' experiences with reproductive health care have been ignored by both the “social problems” moral discourse on teen pregnancy and feminist critiques of medicalization. These perspectives are both gendered and racialized in ways that marginalize African American teen mothers. Interview data with 51 poor African American teen mothers suggest that their reproductive experiences occur within very different contexts than those that have inspired feminist criticisms of medicalization. Before their pregnancies, teens are largely denied access to formal health care services and reproductive information and knowledge, and once pregnant, like adult women, they alternately embrace and resist specific aspects of medical care. Their perspectives provide insights into women's experiences with the formal medical system from an understudied social location, and their narratives expand our understanding of how women's and girls' sexuality is socially constructed as problematic and managed, controlled, and regulated i...
Spin texture on the Fermi surface of tensile-strained HgTe

We present ab initio and $\mathbf{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{p}$ calculations of the spin texture on the Fermi surface of tensile-strained HgTe, which is obtained by stretching the zinc-blende lattice along the (111) axis. Tensile-strained HgTe is a semimetal with pointlike accidental degeneracies between a mirror symmetry protected twofold degenerate band and two nondegenerate bands near the Fermi level. The Fermi surface consists of two ellipsoids which contact at the point where the Fermi level crosses the twofold degenerate band along the (111) axis. However, the spin texture of occupied states indicates that neither ellipsoid carries a compensating Chern number. Consequently, the spin texture is locked in the plane perpendicular to the (111) axis, exhibits a nonzero winding number in that plane, and changes winding number from one end of the Fermi ellipsoids to the other. The change in the winding of the spin texture suggests the existence of singular points. An ordered alloy of HgTe with ZnTe has the same effect as stretching the zinc-blende lattice in the (111) direction. We present ab initio calculations of ordered ${\text{Hg}}_{x}{\text{Zn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\text{Te}$ that confirm the existence of a spin texture locked in a 2D plane on the Fermi surface with different winding numbers on either end.
Gas chromatography study of the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate [Si(OC2H5)4]☆

Abstract The acid catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate [TEOS] was monitored using gas chromatography. In these experiments TEOS was hydrolyzed using molar ratios of H2O:TEOS of 1:1 and 4:1 at temperatures of 21, 45, and 65°C. In all cases the pH of the solution was between 0.5 and 1. The extent of hydrolysis was indirectly measured by monitoring the volume percentage of ethanol generated. It was found that for all of the conditions studied the amount of ethanol generated reached a peak within 20–25 min after initiation of the reaction and then remained constant with time. Our results indicate that for the conditions studied, the 4:1 ratio led to roughly 77% of full hydrolysis and the 1:1 ratio led to roughly 20%.
Thermotropic mesomorphism in catanionic surfactants synthesized from quaternary ammonium surfactants and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate: Effect of chain length and symmetry

Abstract Thermotropic properties of catanionic surfactants are influenced by the headgroups as well as hydrocarbon chains. A series of eight catanionic surfactants were synthesized from quaternary ammonium surfactants as the cationic counterpart and dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) as the anionic counterpart and their structures and purities established. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Hot-Stage Polarized Light Microscopy (HSPLM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the thermal and liquid crystalline properties of the derived catanionic surfactants. These surfactants form hexagonal columnar (Col h ) phase before isotropization. Their phase behavior is rather complex depending on the chain length, symmetry, and number of chains. In all these surfactants, the thermal stability is influenced by the nature of the headgroup. Mesomorphism on the other hand is a result of the interplay between headgroup interactions and chain interactions. In general, formation of mesophases at lower temperature is favored as the number of CH 2 groups per molecule is increased.
Gonadotropin stimulation of porcine ovarian ornithine decarboxylase in vitro: the role of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate.

The role of cAMP as a mediator of gonadotropin stimulation of ovarian ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was studied in granulosa cells isolated from small (1–2 mm) porcine ovarian follicles. These cells responded to both FSH and LH with significant increases in intracellular concentration of cAMP. At concentrations of gonadotropins which were saturating for the induction of ODC activity, FSH was a more potent stimulator of both cAMP production and ODC activity than LH. iV.O'-Dibutyryl cAMP (1.0–10.0 HIM) caused a dose-dependent stimulation of ODC activity which equaled the maximal effect of LH but was significantly less effective than the saturating dose of FSH. 8- Bromo-cAMP was more potent than N,O'-dibutyryl cAMP and as effective as FSH as an inducer of ODC activity. Addition of theophylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, to the incubation medium resulted in a dosedependent inhibition of ODC activity in both control and gonadotropin-stimulated cells. In contrast, 1- methyl,3-isobutyl xanthine, an...
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies on lobster fibrinogen and fibrin.

Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has revealed that lobster fibrinogen (Mr 420 000) is not dissociated into half-molecules unless disulfide bridges are broken. This result is in contradiction to what we previously reported on the basis of ultracentrifugal analysis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Complete reduction in a solution of 0.1 M mercaptoethanol, 4 M urea and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, however, yields a major subunit with a mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of 190 000 ± 20 000. The transformation of lobster fibrinogen into fibrin as catalyzed by the hemocyte clotting enzyme was also studied by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.
Lipopolysaccharide upregulates bradykinin 1 receptors in the isolated mouse bladder.

AbstractPurpose: Bradykinin 1 (B1) receptors have been shown to be upregulated at sites of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on B1 receptor modulation in the isolated mouse bladder.Materials and Methods: The contractile responses of isolated mouse bladder to B1 and B2 agonists were determined in vitro following prolonged incubation with LPS or saline.Results: Bradykinin (BK), a B2 agonist, but not des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK), a B1 agonist, was found to be a potent contractile agonist of the mouse urinary bladder under basal conditions. However, both sensitivity and maximal response to DABK increased during a second exposure to the agonist in a time-dependent manner. In vivo or in vitro treatment with LPS increased both sensitivity and maximal response of isolated bladders to DABK, whereas bladder contraction to BK and other peptides remained the same. Treatment of tissues with a B1 receptor antagonist 45 minutes prior to second exposure to DABK,...
Descriptions and records of bees. II

(1943). XXXII.—Descriptions and records of bees.—CXCII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 10, No. 66, pp. 368-376.
Comparison between coasting and bunched beams on optimum stochastic cooling and signal suppression

A comparison has been performed between coasting and bunched particle beams pertaining to the mechanism of stochastic cooling. In the case where particles occupy the entire sinusoidal RF bucket, the optimum cooling rate for the bunched beam is shown to be the same as that predicted from the coasting-beam theory using local particle density. However, in the case where particles occupy only the center of the bucket, the optimum rate decreases in proportion to the ratio of the bunch area to the bucket area. Furthermore, it has been shown for both coasting and bunched beams that particle motion is stable upon signal suppression if the amplitude of the gain is less than twice the optimum value over the entire frequency bandwidth of the cooling system. >
Policy-Based Distributed Security Management Scheme in MIPv6

Security has become a critical requirement of MIPv6 which will play an important role in next generation mobile network. Although some effective solutions have been proposed, but there is still a serious problem existed which concerns about security compatibility between MIPv6 node (MN) and the access network (AN). A policy-based distributed security management method is presented to solve this problem. A distributed defensive structure is integrated with MIPv6 to build a policy-based distributed architecture. Security policies can be exchanged within or between different security domains during MNpsilas movement, so a dynamic security management scheme can be set up against the topology change of AN. Experiment shows the feasibility of our proposal.
A case for ancestral transfer of symbionts between cockroaches and termites

Living species of the cockroach family Cryptocercidae have intestinal symbionts that are congeneric with some of the gut protozoa found in Isoptera. Presence of such closely related symbionts in cryptocercids and in termites has been frequently interpreted as a uniquely derived homologous character shared between the two xylophagous groups. This may not be the most parsimonious interpretation. Cryptocercus nymphs placed into Zootermopsis (dampwood termite) colonies were killed and eaten by the termites. Termites placed into a Cryptocercus nest box were also fully consumed. Modern Cryptocercus punctulatus and Zootermopsis are often found in the same decaying logs in the Pacific Northwest of the U.S.A., and it is likely that their ancestors also cohabited in at least a portion of their ranges. By occasionally killing and consuming an intruder from the other group, gut protozoa could have been acquired and exchanged between termites and Cryptocercus or their ancestors, under natural conditions and before the life histories of the protozoa became specialized within the host orders. Implications for assessing the phylogeny of the two dictyopteroid groups are also discussed.
Implementation of ISO 10110 optics drawing standards for the National Ignition Facility

LLNL plans to specify optical components for the National Ignition Facility according to ISO 10110, the new international standard for preparation of optics drawings. The standards have been approved by the international optics community and represent a fairly comprehensive language for describing optical components. We will describe our plan for implementation and experience to date in doing so.
The impact of coastal phytoplankton blooms on ocean‐atmosphere thermal energy exchange: Evidence from a two‐way coupled numerical modeling system

[1] A set of sensitivity experiments are performed with a two-way coupled and nested ocean-atmosphere forecasting system in order to deconvolve how dense phytoplankton stocks in a coastal embayment may impact thermal energy exchange processes. Monterey Bay simulations parameterizing solar shortwave transparency in the surface ocean as an invariant oligotrophic oceanic water type estimate consistently colder sea surface temperature (SST) than simulations utilizing more realistic, spatially varying shortwave attenuation terms based on satellite estimates of surface algal pigment concentration. These SST differences lead to an ∼88% increase in the cumulative turbulent thermal energy transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere over the three month simulation period. The result is a warmer simulated atmospheric boundary layer with respective local air temperature differences approaching ∼2°C. This study suggests that the retention of shortwave solar flux by ocean flora may directly impact even short-term forecasts of coastal meteorological variables.
The Development of the Amorphous Phase in NiTi During Heavy Ion or Electron Bombardment

A supralinear dose dependence for the amorphous transformation was observed in NiTi during bombardment with 2.5 MeV Ni/sup +/ ions. These results are consistent with a mechanism that requires cascade overlap to obtain a critical defect density for the amorphous transformation. Direct amorphization in the cascades was not resolvable. The temperature dependence of the minimum dose required for complete amorphous transformation had the same form as that observed for amorphization of silicon. Amorphization caused by electron bombardment required a higher dose than by ion bombardment. Different degrees of homogeneity of the damage state between ions and electrons can explain the dose dependence on particle type.
Mechanisms of virus uncoating

In a virus particle, the genome is highly condensed and protected by proteins and membrane bilayers. Before it can be replicated in a new host cell, uncoating must take place. Recent studies on enveloped and nonenveloped animal viruses indicate that uncoating occurs through complex, multistep processes triggered by virus-host-cell interactions.
Fabrication and Characterization of Low-Cost, Large-Area Spray Deposited Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 Thin Films for Heterojunction Solar Cells

Large-area Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films were deposited by low-cost spray pyrolysis technique on Mo-coated soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates at varied substrate temperatures of 563-703°K. Deposition conditions were optimized to obtain best quality films and effect of post deposition thermal processing of the as-deposited films under H2S ambient were investigated. Structural, morphological, and compositional characterization of as-deposited and H2S treated CZTS absorber layers were carried out by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). Optical and electrical properties were measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, van der Pauw, and Hall-effect measurements. Films grown at ∼360°C substrate temperature showed superior optoelectronic properties, improved stoichiometry and smoother morphology compared to films grown at much higher or lower temperatures. Film properties were significantly improved after the H2S processing. Our results show that large area high quality CZTS films can be fabricated by low-cost spray pyrolysis technique for high throughput commercial production of CZTS based heterojunction solar cells.
Conservation genetics of endangered flying squirrels (Glaucomys) from the Appalachian mountains of eastern North America

We assessed the genetic status of two endangered subspecies of the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) that are restricted to isolated stands of high elevation spruce-fir and adjacent spruce-fir-hardwood ecotonal habitat in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and allozyme data to estimate levels of genetic variability in the two subspecies of interest and then evaluated this information in the context of large-scale phylogeographical structure and overall genetic variability for the entire species and for the closely related and partially sympatric southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans). This broader analysis involves much of North America's northern coniferous forest biome, together with the deciduous forest biome of eastern North America. Our results support the evolutionary distinctness of the endangered Appalachian populations of G. sabrinus. These populations possess several private alleles and have levels of genetic variability that are substantially lower than those observed in conspecific populations found elsewhere. However, the endangered Appalachian populations of G. sabrinus have higher levels of genetic variability than those observed in populations of G. volans from across eastern North America. These results highlight the utility of evaluating the conservation genetics of small and isolated populations within a broad-scale comparative evolutionary and biogeographical framework.
Irreversible chemisorption of formaldehyde on cotton cellulose

At low temperatures (lower than 65°C), sorption of formaldehyde on cellulose is reversible as indicated by complete extractability of the sorbed formaldehyde in water. At temperatures higher than 65°C, a fraction of the sorbed formaldehyde is irreversibly bound to cellulose and cannot be recovered by extraction with water. The extent of irreversible binding depends on the temperature and the time of exposure to formaldehyde. The moisture content of the fabric does not seem to have much effect on the binding reaction, especially at the high temperatures used in curing durable press fabrics. Over short periods of time at these temperatures, the amount of bound formaldehyde is a quadratic function of temperature. Thus, small amounts of free formaldehyde present in the fabric during durable press finishing would bind irreversibly to cellulose and are therefore unlikely to be a source of releasable formaldehyde during fabric storage and use.
Integrating a Rangeland Health Assessment With Successional Management A Synergistic Approach to EBIPM

D esigning restoration strategies based on succes- sional management requires an initial assessment of the functional status of ecological attributes across a management unit. Seriously damaged rangelands may not have the capacity for self-repair and often experience continued degradation. 1 Over the past 20 years, there has been a concentrated effort to develop a practical and effective protocol for assessing the status of rangeland health and managing vegetation change in heavily degrad- ed rangelands. In the mid-1990s, a US National Research Council panel and a Society for Range Management task group advocated the use of early warning indicators to assess soil stability, water cycle, energy ow, nutrient cycling, and the resilience and resistance of plant communities to change following disturbances. Currently a widely adopted range- land health assessment tool in the United States is “Inter- preting Indicators of Rangeland Health, version 4,” described by Pyke et al. 2 and Pellant et al. 3 This qualitative rangeland health assessment protocol provides early warnings of altered ecological processes and can help identify potential candidate locations for establishing quantitative monitoring plots for long-term trend studies. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i6_vasquez
The Yeast Ess1 Prolyl Isomerase Controls Swi6 and Whi5 Nuclear Localization

The Ess1 prolyl isomerase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its human ortholog, Pin1, play critical roles in transcription by regulating RNA polymerase II. In human cells, Pin1 also regulates a variety of signaling proteins, and Pin1 misexpression is linked to several human diseases. To gain insight into Ess1/Pin1 function, we carried out a synthetic genetic array screen to identify novel targets of Ess1 in yeast. We identified potential targets of Ess1 in transcription, stress, and cell-cycle pathways. We focused on the cell-cycle regulators Swi6 and Whi5, both of which show highly regulated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling during the cell cycle. Surprisingly, Ess1 did not control their transcription but instead was necessary for their nuclear localization. Ess1 associated with Swi6 and Whi5 in vivo and bound directly to peptides corresponding to their nuclear localization sequences in vitro. Binding by Ess1 was significant only if the Swi6 and Whi5 peptides were phosphorylated at Ser-Pro motifs, the target sites of cyclin-dependent kinases. On the basis of these results, we propose a model in which Ess1 induces a conformational switch (cis-trans isomerization) at phospho-Ser-Pro sites within the nuclear targeting sequences of Swi6 and Whi5. This switch would promote nuclear entry and/or retention during late M and G1 phases and might work by stimulating dephosphorylation at these sites by the Cdc14 phosphatase. This is the first study to identify targets of Ess1 in yeast other than RNA polymerase II.