cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can we Train Humans to be Systematic Inspectors

Previous research in inspection has shown that a systematic search strategy is more effective than a random search strategy in looking for defects. Moreover, past studies have shown that training can improve search strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine if a job aid could be used to train inspectors to adopt a systematic search strategy and thereby improve their search performance. The study used a computer simulated inspection task and a job aid, which included a cursor that traced a systematic search pattern over the inspection surface represented by the screen. An experiment was designed wherein sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, those who received practice and instructions on the use of a systematic search strategy and those who received training on the job aid. The results are analyzed and reported
Combination interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 induces severe gastrointestinal toxicity and epithelial cell apoptosis in mice.

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 12 (IL-12) have potent anti-tumour activity as single agent therapy against several different murine and human tumours. Combining these cytokines may result in improved therapeutic effectiveness, however, the toxicity associated with simultaneous administration is prohibitive. This study was designed to determine the specific histopathologic changes associated with combination therapy. Mice were treated with 5 days of interleukin-2, interleukin-12, or both using standard doses and schedules. Histologic specimens were prepared from all internal organs on a daily basis to identify specific pathologic abnormalities. Treatment with interleukin-2, interleukin-12, or both resulted in pathologic insult to the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Mild lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates were seen in the liver. The most significant pathology was seen in the large bowel and consisted of apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. While recovery of injured gastrointestinal mucosa occurred in mice treated with interleukin-2 or interleukin-12 alone, combination therapy resulted in death before recovery was possible. Combination interleukin-2 and interleukin-12 therapy results in irreversible injury of the colon as manifested by increased epithelial cell apoptosis and death in mice. Understanding the pathologic changes associated with combination cytokine therapy may lead to strategies that prevent toxicity while maintaining therapeutic effects.
Nanoscale Advances in Catalysis and Energy Applications

In this perspective, we present an overview of nanoscience applications in catalysis, energy conversion, and energy conservation technologies. We discuss how novel physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials can be applied and engineered to meet the advanced material requirements in the new generation of chemical and energy conversion devices. We highlight some of the latest advances in these nanotechnologies and provide an outlook at the major challenges for further developments.
Specific binding sites for insulin-like growth factor I in the ovarian stroma of women with polycystic ovarian disease and stromal hyperthecosis

Women with polycystic ovarian disease and hyperthecosis have hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. It is possible that insulin in supraphysiologic concentration exerts its steroidogenic action on ovarian stromal cells through insulin-like growth factor I receptors. We undertook this study to investigate whether the ovarian stroma of women with hyperthecosis has specific binding sites for insulin or insulin-like growth factor I. Ovarian stromal tissue was obtained from seven women with normal ovulatory cycles and from five women with hyperthecosis of the ovaries. Binding studies with insulin tagged with iodine 125 and insulin-like growth factor I tagged with iodine 125 revealed specific binding sites both for insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in the ovarian stroma. The binding of insulin tagged with iodine 125 in the ovarian stroma of women with hyperthecosis (3.4% ± 1.1% (±SE) per 100 wg protein) was significantly (p 9 L/mol) in the two groups of women. These results indicate that (1) the ovarian stroma has specific binding sites both for insulin and for insulin-like growth factor I; (2) in women with hyperthecosis, the ovarian stroma has decreased binding sites for insulin but has normal concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I receptors; and (3) in women with hyperthecosis, stimulation of ovarian androgen synthesis by insulin may be mediated through the insulin-like growth factor I receptors.
Theory and application of electrically controlled polymeric gels

Presents several applications of ionizable polymeric gels that are capable of undergoing substantial expansions and contractions when subjected to changing pH environments, temperature, electric field or solvent. Conceptual designs for smart, electrically activated devices exploiting this phenomenon are discussed. These devices have the possibility of being manipulated via active computer control as large-displacement actuators for use in adaptive structures. The technology enabling these novel devices is the use of compliant containers for the gels and their solvents, removing the difficulties associated with maintaining a bath for the gels. Though most of these devices are designed using properties discussed in the literature, some presented near the end of this paper make use of conclusions that the authors have drawn from the literature and their own experimental work. Those conclusions about the basic mechanisms of electromechanical gels are discussed in the third part of this paper and a complete set of governing equations describing these mechanisms is presented in the fourth section. This paper concludes with a discussion of some of the ramifications of the above system of equations and a discussion on gel-driven devices and the control of such devices.
Packaged 30 Gbit/s data demultiplexing and clock extraction IC fabricated in a AlGaAs/GaAs HBT technology

The authors have fabricated a research prototype 30 Gbit/s data demultiplexing and clock extraction IC for high speed multigigabit per second optical communication Systems. The circuit features a two stage on chip front end limiting amplifier, as well as a master-slave decision circuit, differentiate and rectify circuitry for clock recovery, and a two stage limiting amplifier on the clock input to the decision circuit. The IC was packaged in a hybrid circuit module, and was used in lightwave system experiments that included full PLL timing recovery.
The importance of visibility

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the benefits of being visible in stewardship of an organization and the resources invested.Design/methodology/approach – The paper looks at the concepts of management by walking around and Gemba and how visibility can be used to best advantage in a library.Findings – The paper finds that, in a tough economy especially, staff need supervisors to be visible and support changes that might have occurred, and patrons need to know that administrators are paying attention to how resources are used. A purposeful and meaningful effort by managers to be more visible and accessible can result in greater understanding of details, a better sense of loyalty, and higher levels of morale and patron satisfaction.Originality/value – The paper provides useful information on the importance of visibility within the library working environment.
The kinetics of gallium penetration into aluminum grain boundaries—in situ TEM observations and atomistic models

The penetration behavior of gallium into aluminum grain boundaries was compared with Al grain boundary properties estimated from atomistic computer models. Penetration speeds in individual grain boundaries were measured in situ in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the observed Al grain boundaries were simulated using the embedded atom method (EAM). Penetration speeds were relatively slow in low angle grain boundaries and most low Σ boundaries; however, for high Σ boundaries, penetration speeds varied widely and were not correlated with rotation angle or coincidence site lattice (CSL) Σ value. Atomistic computer models suggested that the presence of structural barriers in the grain boundary plane was an important factor in determining penetration speeds.
Cognitive complications moderate the speed-accuracy tradeoff in data entry: a cognitive antidote to inhibition

Three experiments explored a speed-accuracy tradeoff reflecting decreasing response times (RTs) and increasing errors across trials in a data entry task. In Experiment 1, cognitive and motoric stressors were independently added to data entry, with the combination of stressors yielding the greatest decline in accuracy across blocks. Experiment 2 compared mental multiplication and simple data entry and manipulated the provision of feedback. Accuracy improved with both mental multiplication and feedback. Experiment 3 varied only the concluding keystroke; this extra requirement led to overall improvements in accuracy. In each experiment, RTs improved across trials. These results suggest that cognitive complications can serve as antidotes to inhibitory effects and can overcome the decline in accuracy due to continuous work on data entry. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unpacking democracy: Presidentialism, parliamentarism, and theories of democratic peace

(2000). Unpacking democracy: Presidentialism, parliamentarism, and theories of democratic peace. Security Studies: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 91-126.
Anastomotic occlusive web following double-stapled anterior resection and fecal diversion. Presentation and endoscopic management.

The incidence of occlusive web following stapled anastomosis for curative resection of rectal cancer is unknown and the management of this entity not well defined. A 73-year-old patient underwent a double-stapled anterior resection with a temporary loop ileostomy for a T3,N1 rectal cancer. He received postoperative chemoradiation adjuvant therapy. Prior to ileostomy closure, sigmoidoscopy revealed an anastomotic occlusive web at 10–12 cm from the anal verge. Under monitored sedation, a flexible sigmoidoscope was inserted per anus and advanced to the level of the occlusive web. Utilizing hydrostatic balloon dilatation, the occlusive web was broken and the bowel lumen was restored. The procedure was performed expeditiously and without complications. Subsequently the patient underwent ileostomy closure and experienced normal bowel movements. Although occlusive webs are uncommon after colorectal anastomosis, this case report describes a safe, effective, and uncomplicated endoscopic procedure that can be performed in patients with anastomotic occlusive web developing after prolonged fecal diversion.
Exploiting Platform Technologies for Creating Real-Time Enterprises

Summary form only given. Information is power. Speed is king. Real-time enterprise presents critical winning edges for modern companies to thrive in the 21st century new economy. While building real-time enterprise capabilities can be a daunting, time-consuming, and resource-draining task, leveraging emerging platform technologies will shorten the learning curve and lead to speedier, more cost efficient, deployments. In this presentation I will introduce leading platform technologies, including virtualization, manageability, security, and networking, and discuss how they are being used to lower data center cost, provide faster provisioning, improve management quality and performance, simplify development cycle, and deliver affordable business continuity. The excitements brought forth by platform technologies are being felt in the software industry, encouraging a paradigm shift toward component-based development and deployment with standard interfaces. I will close by presenting the vast opportunities, and engineering excitements, that this paradigm shift may bring along
Linearity and Normalization in Simple Cells of the Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

Simple cells in the primary visual cortex often appear to compute a weighted sum of the light intensity distribution of the visual stimuli that fall on their receptive fields. A linear model of these cells has the advantage of simplicity and captures a number of basic aspects of cell function. It, however, fails to account for important response nonlinearities, such as the decrease in response gain and latency observed at high contrasts and the effects of masking by stimuli that fail to elicit responses when presented alone. To account for these nonlinearities we have proposed a normalization model, which extends the linear model to include mutual shunting inhibition among a large number of cortical cells. Shunting inhibition is divisive, and its effect in the model is to normalize the linear responses by a measure of stimulus energy. To test this model we performed extracellular recordings of simple cells in the primary visual cortex of anesthetized macaques. We presented large stimulus sets consisting of (1) drifting gratings of various orientations and spatiotemporal frequencies; (2) plaids composed of two drifting gratings; and (3) gratings masked by full-screen spatiotemporal white noise. We derived expressions for the model predictions and fitted them to the physiological data. Our results support the normalization model, which accounts for both the linear and the nonlinear properties of the cells. An alternative model, in which the linear responses are subject to a compressive nonlinearity, did not perform nearly as well.
Carbon Emissions Caps and the Impact of a Radical Change in Nuclear Electricity Costs

In this study we analyze the impact of a radical change in nuclear electricity costs on the optimal electricity generation technology mix (EGTM) and constrain the value of information (VOI) on future nuclear costs. We consider three nuclear cost events and four carbon emissions caps. We develop a two-stage framework for energy-economic model MARKAL to eliminate foresight of future nuclear cost movements. We examine how the EGTM responds to these movements under alternative caps and analyze how these movements affect the cost of each cap. We define the expected savings from perfect foresight (ESPF), an upper bound on the VOI. We found that with current technologies, carbon mitigation that does not rely heavily on nuclear electricity is economically insensible. The Strong Cap is extremely costly because it restricts flexibility to respond to cost signals in choosing among technologies. The ESPF is highest under the Medium Cap by a substantial margin. Keywords: MARKAL; nuclear electricity; value of information; foresight JEL Classifications: C60; H23; O13; O33; Q40; Q50
Manipulation and Patterning of the Surface Hydrogen Concentration on Pd(111) by Electric Fields

Modification of the structure of materials at the nanoscale level is one goal of current nanoscience research. For example, by purposefully modifying the spatial distribution of adsorbates one could control the rate of chemical reactions on a local scale. Here we show how this can be accomplished in the case of H on Pd(111) through the application of local electric fields. Hydrogen adsorption on the platinum group metals is particularly interesting because these metals are used as catalysts in a variety of industrial processes, including hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Electric fields on surfaces are also of primary interest in electrochemistry where despite the considerable amount of experimental and theoretical work done to date, there still remains more work to be done before a clear understanding of phenomena at the atomic scale can be accomplished.
What You Want Depends on What You Know: Firm Preferences in an Information Age

Information has become a core input for many companies. This article examines how this affects firm policy preferences. In contrast to national typologies of capitalism or microeconomic expectation...
The Laws of War: A Military View

I served as a lieutenant in Vietnam. In June 1969, after being in the country for about ten days, I saw my first combat action and it was typically confusing. My platoon was on a reconnaissance mission as part of a larger force when some members of the unit saw a few Vietcong soldiers and began to pursue them through the jungle and marshland countryside. The enemy soldiers were quickly cornered, one was captured, and at least two more cowered in a streambed about 100 yards away. In circumstances I do not fully understand to this day, there was gunfire, many vehicles raced back and forth, and the two radios I was required to monitor broadcast a confusion of chatter. Suddenly, on the higher command radio, I heard the voice of our colonel: “Stop shooting; that's murder,” he ordered. The soldiers did stop shooting, the prisoners were secured, and we continued our mission. But that single, short order had great impact on me. It taught me more than any schoolhouse instruction ever could have about the laws of war and how professional soldiers behave in combat.
Solvent Interactions of Poly(Diphenylsiloxane-Block-Dimethylsiloxane-Block-Diphenylsiloxane) Copolymers

Block copolymers have gained increasing scientific attention since their successful synthesis by homogeneous anionic polymerization in 1956d). Interest was heightened by the possibility that block copolymers might be materials possessing desirable properties, a possibility originally considered by Mark(2). One important class of block copolymers are the polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene block copolymers (S-B-S) introduced by the Shell Chemical Company (U.S.A.) in 1965(3). Electron microscope studies by Meieron styrene-isoprene two block model and studies by Hendus, Illers, and Ropte(S) on polystyrene-polybutadiene block copolymers showed that under certain conditions of preparation the styrene exists in glassy domains interconnected by amorphous polybutadiene regions. Furthermore, Hendus, et al., showed that the size of the polystyrene domains and the morphology of the films is dependent on composition and molecular weight of the copolymer. Also, the domains of the polymers were found to be altered by the solvent from which the copolymer films were cast(6).
Determination of the Cosmic Distance Scale from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect and Chandra X-Ray Measurements of High-Redshift Galaxy Clusters

We determine the distance to 38 clusters of galaxies in the redshift range 0.14 less than or equal to z less than or equal to 0.89 using X-ray data from Chandra and Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association interferometric arrays. The cluster plasma and dark matter distributions are analyzed using a hydrostatic equilibrium model that accounts for radial variations in density, temperature and abundance, and, the statistical and systematic errors of this method are quantified. The analysis is performed via a Markov chain Monte Carlo technique that provides simultaneous estimation of all model parameters. W
Missed ovarian pregnancy in early laparoscopic management

Objective To report a case of repeat hemoperitoneum which was later proved to be a missed ovarian pregnancy in early laparoscopic management. Design Case report. Setting University hospital. Subject and intervention A 31-year-old women who presented with haemoperitoneum was thought to have an ectopic pregnancy, but no substantial lesion was found at early laparoscopy. Haemoperitoneum recurred 10 days later, and repeat laparosopy revealed a ruptured ovarian pseudogestational sac at a site previously thought to be a corpus luteum. Main Outcome Measure intraoperative transvagianl doppler ultrasonography confirmed the presence of pseudogestational sac. Postoperative histopathology proved the diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy. Result and Conclusion The lesson learned from this case was the need to remove all suspicious ovarian masses, including the corpus luteum cysts, in early laparoscopic management in patients with otherwise ‘negative’ findings, in order to avoid missing an ovarian pregnancy.
School Psychologists and the Assessment of Childhood Internalizing Disorders: Perceived Knowledge, Role Preferences and Training Needs.

This study examined the perceptions of a national sample of school psychologists in the United States regarding their knowledge, preferred roles and training needs in the assessment of nine prominent childhood internalizing disorders. Knowledge about all disorders was rated by respondents as being at least fairly important. In particular, knowledge regarding school phobia/refusal and suicidal threats and acts were perceived as being especially important for school psychologists and assessing these disorders was viewed as an appropriate role for school psychologists. The school-based assessment of eating disorders was rated lowest in terms of need for knowledge and as an appropriate role for school psychologists. The majority of the sample indicated they needed some or significant additional training in the assessment of all nine disorders. Participants also rated the utility of various instruments for assessing internalizing disorders, with child self-reports and interviews rated as particularly important.
WiLSoN: The Wirelessly Linked Seismological Network and Its Application in the Middle American Subduction Experiment

The state of the art in temporary seismology installations for years has been stand-alone sites. In such an installation, sites are typically visited once a month to collect data and check station health. The benefit is that stand-alone stations are very quick to permit and install, and sites are not limited by local infrastructure ( i.e. , telephone or Internet) to collect data. Moreover, the technology for such installations is well-tested and mature. The downside is that the state of health of the system is unknown between data collection intervals, and when an interesting earthquake occurs researchers must wait for the data. In places where the local networks are sparse, the time to acquire data from temporary networks can be of great importance to the local population. The technology to transport and share large amounts of data rapidly has increased dramatically over the past 10 years with the development of the Internet. Tools and protocols have been developed to link millions of users to millions of Web sites and data repositories. The Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS) developed the Wirelessly Linked Seismological Network (WiLSoN) to extend the Internet into a seismological network. The seismology community already has deployed radios in both temporary ( e.g. , Werner-Allen et al. 2006) and permanent seismic networks ( e.g. , the High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network, the Southern California Seismic Network, USArray, the U.S. National Seismic Network, the Mexican Servicio Sismologico Nacional, and the Global Seismic Network) in the past. The goal of extending the Internet into a seismological network is to be able to dramatically increase scalability, to improve monitoring of the state of the network, and to improve ease of deployment. A freshly deployed seismic station within WiLSoN is able to join the network much like a laptop in a coffee shop. …
Amylase-Binding Protein B of Streptococcus gordonii Is an Extracellular Dipeptidyl-Peptidase

The oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus gordonii interacts with salivary amylase via two amylase-binding proteins, AbpA and AbpB. Based on sequence analysis, the 20-kDa AbpA protein is unique to S. gordonii, whereas the 82-kDa AbpB protein appears to share sequence homology with other bacterial dipeptidases. The aim of this study was to verify the peptidase activity of AbpB and further explore its potential functions. The abpB gene was cloned, and histidine-tagged AbpB (His-AbpB) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Its amylase-binding activity was verified in an amylase ligand binding assay, and its cross-reactivity was verified with an anti-AbpB antibody. Both recombinant His-AbpB and partially purified native AbpB displayed dipeptidase activity and degraded human type VI collagen and fibrinogen, but not salivary amylase. Salivary amylase precipitates not only AbpA and AbpB but also glucosyltransferase G (Gtf-G) from S. gordonii supernatants. Since Streptococcus mutans also releases Gtf enzymes that could also be involved in multispecies plaque interactions, the effect of S. gordonii AbpB on S. mutans Gtf-B activity was also tested. Salivary amylase and/or His-AbpB caused a 1.4- to 2-fold increase of S. mutans Gtf-B sucrase activity and a 3- to 6-fold increase in transferase activity. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay verified the interaction of His-AbpB and amylase with Gtf-B. In summary, AbpB demonstrates proteolytic activity and interacts with and modulates Gtf activity. These activities may help explain the crucial role AbpB appears to play in S. gordonii oral colonization.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, CORPO E SAÚDE: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE OUTROS “MODOS DE OLHAR”

O objetivo deste ensaio e discutir o papel da educacao fisica voltada para saude, a partir de reflexoes sobre o cenario social em que se encontra o mundo contemporâneo, suas repercussoes sobre o corpo e praticas de intervencao; os conceitos de saude; e, o modelo de investigacao cientifica hegemonico. O estudo, entao, vai desvelando algumas “verdades” caracteristicas de quem opera com o discurso de base quantitativa, quais sejam: a) a reducao do fenomeno a uma determinacao biologica; b) a desconsideracao da historia coletiva; e, c) a culpabilizacao do individuo frente aos problemas de saude e aptidao fisica. Por fim, propoe-se que a relacao educacao fisica-saude seja abordada atraves de novos “olhares”, atentos as incertezas e complexidades do processo.
Measurement and analysis of real-world 802.11 mesh networks

Despite many years of work in wireless mesh networks built using 802.11 radios, the performance and behavior of these networks in the wild is not well-understood. This lack of understanding is due in part to the lack of access to data from a wide range of these networks; most researchers have access to only one or two testbeds at any time. In recent years, however, 802.11 mesh networks networks have been deployed commercially and have real users who use the networks in a wide range of conditions. This paper analyzes data collected from 1407 access points in 110 different commercially deployed Meraki wireless mesh networks, constituting perhaps the largest study of real-world 802.11 networks to date. After analyzing a 24-hour snapshot of data collected from these networks, we answer questions from a variety of active research topics, such as the accuracy of SNR-based bit rate adaptation, the impact of opportunistic routing, and the prevalence of hidden terminals. The size and diversity of our data set allows us to analyze claims previously only made in small-scale studies. In particular, we find that the SNR of a link is a good indicator of the optimal bit rate for that link, but that one could not make an SNR-to-bit rate look-up table that was accurate for an entire network. We also find that an ideal opportunistic routing protocol provides little to no benefit on most paths, and that "hidden triples"---network topologies that can lead to hidden terminals--are more common than suggested in previous work, and increase in proportion as the bit rate increases.
A comparative analysis of user-generated and author-generated metadata for web resources

In this paper, we investigate the difference between metadata generated by users and authors. Delicious tags and HTML keyword META tags associated with the same set of web pages on topics related to semantic web are collected, forming two datasets (i.e., Delicious dataset and HTML dataset). Comparisons of the two datasets in micro and macro vocabulary overlap as well as classification of web pages are analyzed. The results show that (1) overlap between the two datasets exists; (2) non-overlapped tags in Delicious dataset reveal systematic deficiency of social tagging systems; non-overlapped tags in HTML dataset expose organization-oriented contents; and (3) Delicious dataset tends to cluster web pages according to their popularity and subject area while HTML dataset clusters the web pages according to different websites/authors.
Thermodynamics of the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in fine and nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia powders

The current study uses high-temperature differential scanning calorimetry to document the shift in phase-transformation temperature with particle size throughout a series of alloys in the zirconia–yttria system (0–1.5 mol% yttria). The tetragonal-to-monoclinic (T→M) phase-transformation temperature is seen to vary inversely with particle size. It is shown that a simple thermodynamic approach first proposed by Garvie predicts this inverse linear relationship. Subsequent determination of the key thermodynamic parameters therein (e.g., the surface and volume free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes involved in the phase transformation) allows a complete predictive equation for the T→M phase transformation in the yttria–zirconia system to be developed as a function of particle size and yttria dopant level. The yttria–zirconia phase diagram is then redrawn with grain size as a third variable. It should be stressed that the current analysis is valid for particulate systems only; a parallel paper tackles the problem for fine-grained yttria–zirconia solids, where the approach is similar, but additional strain energy terms come into play.
Risk factors for pancreatitis in older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study

Abstract Purpose Pancreatitis—an inflammation of pancreas—is a severe and costly disease. Although many risk factors for pancreatitis are known, many pancreatitis cases, especially in elderly women, are of unknown etiology. Methods Risk factors for acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) were assessed in a prospective cohort ( n = 36,436 women, aged ≥ 65 years). Exposures were self-reported at baseline. Pancreatitis was ascertained by linkage to Medicare claims (1986–2004) categorized by a physician as follows: “AP”, one AP episode ( n = 511) or “CP”, 2+ AP or 1+ CP episodes ( n = 149). Results Multivariable odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for AP and CP were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. Alcohol use was not associated with AP or CP. Heavy smoking (40+ vs. 0 pack-years) was associated with a twofold increased OR for CP. For body mass index greater than or equal to 30 versus less than 25 kg/m 2 , the ORs were 1.35 (1.07–1.70) for AP ( P trend = .009) and 0.59 (0.37–0.94) for CP ( P trend = .01). ORs for AP and CP were increased for hormone replacement therapy use, heart disease, and hypertension. There were positive significant associations between protein and total fat intake for CP and AP. Conclusions We identified factors associated with AP and CP that may be specific to older women.
Smten with satisfiability-based search

Satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) have been used in solving a wide variety of important and challenging problems, including automatic test generation, model checking, and program synthesis. For these applications to scale to larger problem instances, developers cannot rely solely on the sophistication of SAT and SMT solvers to efficiently solve their queries; they must also optimize their own orchestration and construction of queries. We present Smten, a high-level language for orchestrating and constructing satisfiability-based search queries. We show that applications developed using Smten require significantly fewer lines of code and less developer effort to achieve results comparable to standard SMT-based tools.
Water quality simulation modeling and uncertainty analysis for risk assessment and decision making

The usefulness of water quality simulation models for environmental management is explored with a focus on prediction uncertainty. Ecological risk and environmental analysis often involve scientific assessments that are highly uncertain. Still, environmental management decisions are being made, often with the support of a mathematical simulation model. In the area of pollutant transport and fate in surface waters, few of the extant simulation models have been rigorously evaluated. Limited observational data and limited scientific knowledge are often incompatible with the highly-detailed model structures of the large pollutant transport and fate models. Two examples are presented to illustrate data and knowledge weaknesses that are likely to undermine these large models for decision support. An alternative to comprehensive structured simulation models is proposed as a flexible approach to introduce science into the environmental risk assessment and decision making process.
Gender Differences in Borderline Personality Disorder Features in an Epidemiological Sample of Adults Age 55–64: Self Versus Informant Report

The literature on the prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) across gender reveals multiple trends. A number of studies indicate that women have a higher prevalence. Others indicate no difference, and a few even reveal that men have a higher prevalence. Yet existing studies are plagued by sampling biases, use mainly self-reported information, and tend to report general prevalence of BPD categorically defined. The current investigation attempted to shed new light on this literature by analyzing BPD features dimensionally in a representative epidemiological sample of adults ages 55-64, using both self- and informant-reported perspectives. Data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network study revealed a significant interaction across gender and perspective, F(1, 1360) = 23.46, p < .01. Gender differences were found for self-report only, such that men reported greater BPD severity. Meanwhile, informant report indicated no gender difference. Trends underscore the importance of epidemiological sampling and multiple assessment perspectives when analyzing BPD.
A Representation of DI

We know from the previous chapter that dl-domains can be represented as stable event structures. It may have been observed by the reader that there is some similarity between event structures and information systems. The difference is, however, perhaps bigger than the similarity after a second thought. For an information system, for example, if X ⊢ a and X ⊢ a’ then a and a’ must be consistent while for an event structure, we cannot say anything about the consistency of two events e, e’ enabled by the same set of events. This reflects the fact that for information systems h stands for logical entailment between propositions whereas in the case of event structures it expresses sufficient conditions for an event to occur due to the previous occurrences of other events. Thus information systems capture the logical relations between facts about a computation while event structures capture their temporal relationship.
The relationship between defibrillation threshold and total mortality

The relationship between the defibrillation threshold (DFT) and total mortality is unclear. A university hospital prospectively maintained implantable defibrillator (ICD) database identified 508 patients who underwent ICD implantation and had DFT testing performed at implant. Patients were placed in one of three groups based on the implant DFT (high (≥20 J), moderate (19–11 J), or low DFT (≤10 J)). Sixty-seven patients had a high DFT, 216 had a moderate DFT, and 225 had a low DFT. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 0.25, 0.28, and 0.30 in the high, moderate, and low DFT groups, respectively, (p = 0.04). There were significantly more patients with a subcutaneous electrode in the high DFT group (p < 0.001), more patients taking amiodarone (p < 0.001), and more patients on oral anticoagulation (p = 0.04). There were a total of 140 deaths during the follow-up period (mean 3.2 ± 1.7 years). There were 24 deaths in the high DFT group (35.8 %), 62 in the moderate DFT group (28.7 %), and 54 in the low DFT group (24.0 %) (p = 0.05). Implant DFT was a significant predictor of mortality (p = 0.01), as was age, LVEF (p < 0.001), CAD (p = 0.01), amiodarone use (p = 0.02), and hematoma at implant (p = 0.01). An elevated DFT was an independent predictor of mortality after controlling for all significant univariate variables (p = 0.004). A high-implant DFT predicts an adverse prognosis, even when an adequate ICD safety margin is present.
Comparison of PET images obtained with PET-CT vs PET-MR: A pilot study

551 Objectives Compare PET images obtained using PET-CT vs PET-MR for lesion detection, artifacts, altered biological distribution(BD), and standard uptake values (SUV’s). Methods A prospective IRB-approved study was conducted at NIH for patients referred for PET-CT and giving informed consent for further imaging by PET-MR, if considered of potential diagnostic significance. PET-MR was performed within 90 minutes after PET-CT, using same initial radioisotope injection. The reconstruction technique was different between the 2 scanners (post-filtering and resolution recovery), but consistent. SUV calculation was identical in all studies. Administered activity was 9.4 -16.2 mCi for F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F18FDG) and 12.3 mCi for F18DOPA. Three physicians evaluated all images, with side-by-side comparison of PET images from PET-CT and PET-MR. Results 15 paired studies were performed following a single F18-FDG administration (14 patients). 1 patient had F18-DOPA administration. All FDG-avid lesions (>80) were identified on both PET-CT and PET-MR at the same sites. On the F-DOPA study two lesions seen on PET/CT were not seen on PET/MR. Artifacts causing poor image quality were observed in 2 PET-MR studies due to urinary bladder activity and metallic implants. The BD was identical in 11 paired studies; 5 studies showed some difference in BD. The individual SUVs for PET-CT vs. PET-MR were 23.0 vs. 21.0 for average max SUV, and 2.7-121.0 vs. 2.7-90.7 for max SUV range. These variations are tentatively attributed to differences in attenuation correction methods and uptake time. Conclusions This pilot study indicates that F18FDG-PET performed on PET-MR detected the same number of lesions as on the PET-CT. Overall PET-MR image quality was good, except in a few pts with reduced quality of PET images from PET-MR, mostly related to artifacts. The BD of the 18F-FDG was similar, while the F-DOPA study showed differences, possibly related to lesions biology
Examining the Use of Deep Touch Pressure to Improve the Educational Performance of Students With Disabilities A Meta-Analysis

The current meta-analysis examined the use of deep touch pressure (DTP; e.g., weighted vests) with students with disabilities. DTP is a form of sensory integration therapy that is currently used extensively in schools with students with autism and other disabilities. Each study in the analysis was evaluated using the Council for Exceptional Children’s guidelines for evidence-based practices. In addition, noting the debate regarding appropriate single-case effect sizes, the current study calculated omnibus effect sizes utilizing a variety of single-case design effect sizes. Results of the current study suggest that DTP interventions are of generally poor quality and demonstrate effects that do not validate their current use for students with disabilities.
Otolaryngologic Surgeries Are Frequent in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Objective:The aim was to study the prevalence of otolaryngologic surgeries in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).Methods:Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care center. Th...
New Development in Idea Sharing: Intrafirm Knowledge Flow across Borders through Co-invention

Knowledge flows are critical to a firm’s ability to build competitive advantage and maintain long-term success. Using US patent citations as a proxy for knowledge transfer, we exploit the variation over time in Chinese inventors’ citations to the Western co-inventors’ pre-co-invention patents. We find that co-invention can be an important channel used by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) for intrafirm knowledge transfer across borders. Our results suggest a new knowledge flow mechanism that has not been considered by existing literature.
The Fate of Circulating Leukocytic Pyrogen in the Rabbit1,2:

SummaryLeukocytic pyrogen (L.P.) is not actively inhibited by urine or by plasma nor is it excreted in an active form by the kidney. L.P. is promptly and almost completely cleared by the perfused liver within 20 min, suggesting that the liver is the organ primarily responsible for this action in the febrile rabbit.
The Comparative Analysis on Curriculum Model of World's Pre-school Education

Curriculum models of pre-school education in different countries vary,but there are three kinds of basic pre-school education curriculum models.The model of curriculum was restrained by different academic schools,thus presenting respective characters and the system.Different curriculum models make up for one's deficiency by learning from others' strong points,moving toward the fusion gradually.The integration of pre-school education curriculum has become the currently evident tendency in kindergarten.
Atomic fluorescence measuring dialysis water arsenic selenium antimony and mercury

Objective:To establish a method for detection of hemodialysis water arsenic,selenium,antimony and mercury.Methods:Arsenic and antimony in water were detectioned after added reductant,Selenium was detectioned by nitric acid and high chlorine acid oxidationed,Mercury was directly detectioned by adding acidity to 5%.Results:The detect limit for Mercury was 0.024 muon g/L,the detect limit for Selenium was 0.044 muon g/L,Arsenic detect limit for 0.011 muon g/L,Antimony detect limit to.015 muon g/L.Conclusion:This method wad simple and rapid for using to determine dialysis water in extremely trace of arsenic and selenium,antimony,mercury,and in double ways for atomic fluorescence analyzer can simultaneously arsenic and antimony detection
The use of Size Exclusion and C18 Reverse Phase Hplc Columns for Separating the Component Polypeptides of Ia Antigen Membrane Proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of size exclusion and C 18 reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns for separating the component polypeptides of Ia antigen membrane proteins. Ia antigens are integral membrane glycoproteins that are expressed on subpopulations of B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, and epidermal cells. These Ia antigens are thought to be cell recognition structures responsible for immune response gene phenomena and are stimulating determinants in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. At least two different but structurally homologous Ia antigen molecules designated I-A and I-E sub region Ia antigens, are encoded within the murine major histocompatibility complex. The application of HPLC columns for the separation of Ia antigen component polypeptides is constrained due to the inherent physicochemical properties that are common to many integral membrane proteins. These polypeptides are often heterogeneous with respect to size and charge, principally due to the presence of variable amounts of carbohydrate. The polypeptides are also amphiphilic molecules which, after being solubilized from the membrane lipid bilayer, are soluble only in detergent-containing solutions or in strongly denaturing solvents.
Complications After Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Medicare Population.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and types of complications after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) within the first year, and determine the relative risk factors for these complications and of re-revision. Methods The sample size of 5% Medicare claims data from 1998-2011 was studied. Primary THA patients who underwent subsequent revision were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Outcomes and complications after revision THA were assessed. Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate the effect of patient demographic characteristics on the adjusted complication risk for revision THA patients. Results Of the 64,260 primary THA patients identified between 1998 and 2011, 3555 patients (5.71%) underwent revision THA. Etiology of primary hip failure included mechanical complications such as loosening and wear (40.7%), dislocation (14.0%), and infection (11.3%). Complications after revision THA included infection and redo revision, 17.3% and 15.8% followed by venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) at 11.1%, dislocation at 5.43%, PE at 3.24%, and death at 2.11%. The rate of "new" infections after an aseptic revision was 8.13%. Patients in the 85+-year-old age group had a 100% greater adjusted risk of VTE ( P P P P P = .002), and re-revision THA ( P = .011). Conclusion Advanced age is a clear risk factor for VTE and mortality, but not for dislocation, infection, or re-revision. Higher Charlson index was found to be a risk factor for every complication after revision except dislocation. Greater attention is required to address the high rate of infection and re-do revision after revision THA (17.3% and 15.8%).
A synthetic small-molecule Isoxazole-9 protects against methamphetamine relapse

Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) is strongly influenced by drug-taking behavior and may have a role in the etiology of drug-seeking behavior. However, mechanistic studies on the relationship of neurogenesis on drug seeking are limited. Outbred Wistar rats experienced extended access methamphetamine self-administration and individual differences in drug taking defined animals with higher preferred and lower preferred levels of drug intake. Forced abstinence from higher preferred levels of drug taking enhanced neurogenesis and neuronal activation of granule cell neurons (GCNs) in the DG and produced compulsive-like drug reinstatement. Systemic treatment with the drug Isoxazole-9 (a synthetic small molecule known to modulate neurogenesis in the adult rodent brain) during abstinence blocked compulsive-like context-driven methamphetamine reinstatement. Isoxazole-9 modulated neurogenesis, neuronal activation and structural plasticity of GCNs, and expression of synaptic proteins associated with learning and memory in the DG. These findings identify a subset of newly born GCNs within the DG that could directly contribute to drug-seeking behavior. Taken together, these results support a direct role for the importance of adult neurogenesis during abstinence in compulsive-like drug reinstatement.
High Strain Rate Transverse Compression Response of Ballistic Single Fibers

Ballistic impact onto fiber-based personnel protection armor systems induce multiaxial loading in the affected impact zone that includes axial tension, axial compression, transverse compression and transverse shear. The influence of the transverse compression response of ballistic fibers at high rates of loading is not well understood. In this study, high strain rate transverse compression response of aramid Kevlar KM2 and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Dyneema SK76 single fibers are investigated. Micron scale single fibers are transversely compressed at high loading rates in a small diameter Kolsky bar with optical interferometry to measure strains in the bars. The fibers exhibit a nonlinear inelastic behavior in transverse compression. Comparison of high rate and quasi-static response indicate a smaller contact area growth and a stiffer material response at higher rates of loading for both types of fibers.
Donors retain no rights to donated tissue.

Ownership rights to tissue donated for research end when the tissue leaves the body, as does all claim to benefit from commercial cell lines or other products derived from the tissue. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.