cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and tensile properties of heavily irradiated 5052-0 aluminum alloy

Abstract During neutron irradiation of an Al-2.2% Mg solid solution alloy in the High Flux Isotope Reactor to fast and thermal fluences μ1027neutrons(n)/m2at 328 K (0.35 Tm) about seven percent insoluble, transmutant silicon was produced. Some of this silicon reacted with the dissolved magnesium to form a fine precipitate of Mg2Si. A tight dislocation structure was also created. The alloy showed good resistance to cavity formation. These microstructural features are responsible for pronounced strengthening and an associated marked loss in ductility as revealed by tensile tests at 323, 373, and 423 K (0.35, 0.40 and 0.45 Tm). These changes were greater than in magnesium-free aluminum and in alloys containing preexisting, thermally-aged Mg2Si precipitate. Increasing the thermal-to-fast flux ratio from 1.7 to 2.1 caused further strengthening beyond that expected from a simple increase in silicon level.
Avermectin Bla Modulation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid/Benzodiazepine Receptor Binding in Mammalian Brain

The anthelminthic natural product avermectin B1a (AVM) modulates the binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor ligands to membrane homogenates of mammalian brain. The potent (EC50 = 40 nM) enhancement by AVM of [3H]diazepam binding to rat or bovine brain membranes resembled that of barbiturates and pyrazolopyridines in being inhibited (partially) by the convulsants picrotoxin, bicuculline, and strychnine, and by the anticonvulsants phenobarbital and chlormethiazole. The maximal effect of AVM was not increased by pentobarbital or etazolate. However, AVM affected BZ receptor subpopulations or conformational states in a manner different from pentobarbital. Further, unlike pentobarbital and etazolate, AVM did not inhibit allosterically the binding of the BZ receptor inverse agonist [3H]beta-carboline-3-carboxylate methyl ester, nor did it inhibit, but rather enhanced, the binding of the cage convulsant [35S]t-butyl bicyclophosphorothionate to picrotoxin receptor sites. AVM at submicromolar concentrations had the opposite effect of pentobarbital and etazolate on GABA receptor binding, decreasing by half the high-affinity binding of [3H]GABA and related agonist ligands, and increasing by over twofold the binding of the antagonist [3H]bicuculline methochloride, an effect that was potentiated by picrotoxin. AVM also reversed the enhancement of GABA agonists and inhibition of GABA antagonist binding by barbiturates and pyrazolopyridines. These overall effects of AVM are unique and require the presence of another separate drug receptor site on the GABA/BZ receptor complex.
Anger, Happiness, and Sadness: Associations with Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescence

This study used self-report and observational methods to examine associations between depressive symptoms and patterns of emotional experience and expression during late adolescence. Fiftyone male and 49 female first and second year college students completed questionnaires on emotion experience and were videotaped while completing a frustrating task with a friend. Emotion expressions were coded from videotapes. Findings revealed associations between depressive symptoms and reporting high anger experience in the past month but displaying low anger with a friend, reporting low happiness but showing high happiness in the task, and reporting high sadness experience. Gender differences were found in depressive symptoms and in observed and reported happiness. Findings highlight the importance of anger and happiness, in addition to sadness, for depression.
Situational strength – A framework for understanding the role of individuals in initiating proactive strategic change

This article brings together research perspectives on strategic change and organizational behavior to construct a series of theoretical propositions regarding the likelihood that a firm will undertake a change in strategy. Drawing on the concept of “situational strength”, it is argued that the personality traits of strategic decision makers interact with environmental conditions faced by the firm to influence the likelihood of a firm’s change in strategy. In weak situations, individual differences are likely to exert significantly more influence on the firm’s likelihood of undertaking a strategic change than in strong situations.
SU-E-I-105: Optimizing Bomb Squad X-Ray Systems for Incidental Human Exposures.

Purpose: A current terrorist tactic involves strapping an explosive device to a live victim. Technicians wishing to x‐ray the device need to use appropriate exposures to create clear images while mitigating incidental health problems for the live victim. This project involves characterizing and optimizing a popular radiographic system in the explosive investigation community, both for general use and, more specifically, for generating x‐rays with a human subject in the beam path. This project seeks to minimize the dose to a victim incidentally located in the beam path, while maximizing image quality, thereby allowing appropriate image evaluation to neutralize the explosive threat. Methods:Image quality and doseoptimization begins with characterization of the x‐ray source. The source in this study is an XRS‐3, a portable device developed by Golden Engineering, which nominally produces a 270 kVp beam. Characterization of the beam involves verifying the actual kVp, as well as determining the average energy of the beam with various amounts of filtration added to the beam path. The kVp was verified using a noninvasive technique, utilizing the measurement of the dose attenuation through lead and then modeling the energy dependent attenuation curve of the lead using specific mass attenuation coefficients and parameters suggested by Joseph (Joseph, P.M., Med. Phys. Vol. 2, July/Aug1975; 201–207) in order to calculate the kVp through linear regression.Results: The average energy of an unfiltered beam was 52 keV, and increases through adding various combinations of Cu and brass filters to a maximum value of 121 keV with 3 mm copper + 3 mm brass filtration. The calculated kVp was 290 kV. Conclusions: The average energies using filtration fall within the diagnostic range. The kVp fits well within the manufacturer's specifications of 15% deviation. Optimization can be accomplished with these parameters. University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center‐ Department of Radiological Sciences
TU‐D‐BRC‐08: Quantifying Uncertainty in Dose Deposition Resulting From Patient Breathing Variability

Purpose: To obtain more accurate predictions of dose deposition and elucidate discrepancies in planned and deliveredtreatments resulting from respiratory‐induced target motion, we develope a stochastic model of dose deposition and a computational framework to determine the effects of patient breathing variability on stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy(SBRT)dose calculations. Method and Materials: We developed a model to characterize the underlying day‐to‐day variability in patient breathing patterns and incorporated this model into a calculation of dose deposition. To accomplish this, we fitted Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) to Realtime Position Management (RPM) breathing trace amplitude recordings from the same patient on different days. Using Principal Component Analysis, we identified the modes of greatest variation in the GMM fits. We then modeled each principal mode as an independent and uncorrelated random variable. Applying the stochastic computational methods, we determined statistical moments (e.g. mean and variance) of the predicted dose for a particular SBRT patient. Results: For the patient study, the standard deviation in dose resulting from day‐to‐day breathing variation is as large as 7\% of the maximum prescribed dose. High‐dose level variation is observed to occur near the boundaries of the lesion corresponding to regions of high dose gradient that experience large respiratory‐induced organ deformation. Such areas are important because they indicate regions in which the planned dose may differ significantly from the true deposition during treatment and are likely candidates for over‐or under‐dosing. Additionally, the maximum calculated target dose resulting from incorporation of motion is 12.4\% lower than the maximum treatment‐planning‐predicteddose, indicating that organ motion can significantly alter the overall dose deposition for a treatment.Conclusion: Our framework provides an accurate and efficient means of calculating the effect of respiratory‐induced organ motion on SBRTdose deposition.
Spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b: Recent epidemiologic and therapeutic considerations

DESPlTE isolated case reports of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in more than one member of a household, 1-~ disease caused by this organism generally has not, until recently, been regarded as contagious. Recent changes in child-care practices, especially increased use of day-care centers, have led to greater exposure of susceptible children to patients with infection. Outbreaks have resulted, with corresponding recognition of the potential for Haemophilus influenzae type b to spread to contacts. ~-~ The purposes of this report are to review the epidemiology ofHaemophilus influenzae type b infections in enclosed populations, and to examine currently available alternatives for management of contacts. INSTITUTIONAL SETTINGS Reports of spread of Haemophilus influenzae type b in day-care centers or in other institutional settings indicate that most of the associated cases are in children less than 2 years of age (Table I). 7-~4 This age distribution corresponds to the pattern observed for endemic infections, '~', '' with the exception of epiglottitis which occurs in older children. 1~ Disease in contacts has been observed most frequently when the index patient presented with meningitis. However, patients with other invasive type b infections also may be contagious, 1~. ~, ~ and until further data are available the risks probably should be considered the
Applicability of the stoichiometric displacement model to description of the retention behavior of charged-fusion proteins during fast protein liquid chromatography.

The applicability of the stoichiometric displacement model (SDM) to description of the retention behavior of charged-fusion proteins in large ion exchange resin (∼90 μm diameter) packed column was studied. Proteins were characterized by SDM for isocratic elution. The parameters were subsequently used to evaluate their suitability in predicting protein retention and peak width under gradient elution. The proteins were β-glucuronidase (GUS) and its fusions with polypeptides of 5, 10 and 15 aspartic acids at the C-terminal of the wild-type GUS. Predictions of retention time were within 10% of the experiment results. The plate number obtained at high salt concentration from isocratic elution was used as a first estimate for predictions of peak width. The results show that the SDM is sufficient to describe the binding equilibrium of fusion proteins in ion-exchange columns packed with large resin particles. In addition, the binding mechanism between fusion proteins and the ion exchanger is explored with the assistance of comparative molecular modeling.
Whole body time domain fluorescence imaging of fluorescent proteins in preclinical models

Time domain imaging and fluorescence lifetime contrast enables whole body imaging of multiple spectrally similar fluorophores and accurate separation of protein fluorescence from tissue autofluorescence with a high contrast to background ratio.
Fetal hepatic and umbilical uptakes of glucogenic substrates during a glucagon-somatostatin infusion

To test the hypothesis that fetal hepatic glutamate output diverts the products of hepatic amino acid metabolism from hepatic gluconeogenesis, ovine fetal hepatic and umbilical uptakes of glucose a...
Fabrication of pellicle beam splitters for optical bus application

The optical bus architecture for on-board applications requires a number of optical splitters with precise split ratios to route part of the input signal. Since hollow metal waveguide provides well collimated beams with very small gap loss, it opens the possibility of inserting discrete optical beam splitters (taps). The optical tap requires low excess loss, polarization insensitivity, temperature stability, minimized walk-off of the propagating beam, and cost effective manufacturing. By benefiting from the mature interference coating technology for polarization insensitivity and temperature stability, we design a pellicle beam splitter based on a static microelec tro-mechanical system (MEMS) and develop processes to fabricate pellicle splitters using wafer level bonding of silicon and glass substrates, with subsequent thinning to 20 µm. With the approaches described in this paper, we have demonstrated optical beam splitters with excess loss of less than 0.17 dB that operate at a data rate of 10 Gb/s showing a clean eye diagram while providing controlled split ratio and polarization insensitivity. We have demonstrated a high yielding MEMS based silicon processing platform which has the potential to provide a cost effective manufacturing solution for optical beam splitters.
Who Pushes the United Nations to Act

From Manager to Visionary: The Secretary-General of the United Nations. By Kent Kille. New York: Palgrave, 2006. 320 pp., $69.95 (ISBN: 1-4039-7104-8). Recently, the member states of the United Nations elected a new Secretary General: Ban Ki-Moon, the former foreign minister of South Korea. How Ban will act in office is unclear given the vague definition of the Secretary General's role in the UN charter. Will he act like a “secretary” or like a “general” (Chesterman 2007)? Will he be a source of great influence on the policies of the United Nations, like Dag Hammarskjold, or will he choose to act like Kurt Waldheim and restrict himself to implementing the duties assigned to him? Kent Kille's From Manager to Visionary examines why some Secretaries General try to actively use the powers that the office provides when responding to threats to peace and security, whereas others tend to be much less proactive. Kille argues that the personal leadership styles of the Secretaries General affect how these individuals perform their duties. He clearly demarcates the scope of this study. He is examining the attempts by UN leaders to influence decisions, not the eventual impact that these actions might have. In the first part of From Manager to Visionary , Kille relies on at-a-distance, content analysis techniques, borrowed from the foreign policy decision-making literature (Hermann 1974), to assess eight personal characteristics of the UN Secretaries General: their responsiveness, conceptual complexity, self-confidence, belief in their ability to influence events, need for recognition, need for relationships, supranationalism, and problem-solving focus. He then determines the levels of …
Roles of transforming growth factor-alpha in mammary development and disease.

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFα) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. Expression of TGFα is highly regulated in response to exogenous cellular signals including cytokines and other growth factors. The growth factor has been found to be indispensable for proper development of many tissues and organs. TGFα has also been implicated in numerous disease states including forms of breast cancer. This minireview summarizes the basic biology of TGFα and its actions during normal and pathogenic development of the mammary epithelium.
The citric acid-MnIII,IVO2(birnessite) reaction. Electron transfer, complex formation, and autocatalytic feedback

Abstract Citrate released by plants, bacteria, and fungi into soils is subject to abiotic oxidation by MnO 2 (birnessite), yielding 3-ketoglutarate, acetoacetate, and Mn II . Citrate loss and generation of products as a function of time all yield S-shaped curves, indicating autocatalysis. Increasing the citrate concentration decreases the induction period. The maximum rate ( r max ) along the reaction coordinate follows a Langmuir–Hinshelwood dependence on citrate concentration. Increases in pH decrease r max and increase the induction time. Adding Mn II , Zn II , orthophosphate, or pyrophosphate at the onset of reaction decreases r max . Mn II addition eliminates the induction period, while orthophosphate and pyrophosphate addition increase the induction period. These findings indicate that two parallel processes are responsible. The first, relatively slow process involves the oxidation of free citrate by surface-bound Mn III,IV , yielding Mn II and citrate oxidation products. The second process, which is subject to strong positive feedback, involves electron transfer from Mn II –citrate complexes to surface-bound Mn III,IV , generating Mn III –citrate and Mn II . Subsequent intramolecular electron transfer converts Mn III –citrate into Mn II and citrate oxidation products.
Relationship of day-to-day reproductive hormone levels to sleep in midlife women.

Background We analyzed data from a single menstrual cycle from 630 women, aged 43 to 53 years, in the Daily Hormone Study component of the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation to determine whether hormone levels are associated with trouble sleeping as women enter the menopausal transition. Methods Women recorded whether they had trouble sleeping the previous night. Morning urine specimens were obtained for daily determinations of levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol metabolites (ie, estrone conjugates), and the progesterone metabolite (pregnanediol glucuronide). Women were categorized as premenopausal or early perimenopausal by bleeding patterns. Results Average adjusted odds of reporting trouble sleeping were 29% higher in perimenopausal than in premenopausal women. The highest percentages of women in both menopausal groups reported trouble sleeping in the beginning or at the end of their cycle. After controlling for covariates, pregnanediol glucuronide level was associated with increased trouble sleeping in perimenopausal women and follicle-stimulating hormone level was associated with increased trouble sleeping in premenopausal women. Mood and vasomotor symptoms were the strongest and most consistent cocontributors to trouble sleeping. Conclusion In this community-based sample of middle-aged women, the most trouble sleeping was observed at the beginning and end of the menstrual cycle.
Circuit and DFT techniques for robust and low cost qualification of a mixed-signal SoC with integrated power management system

This paper discusses some specific circuit, and analog DFT techniques and methodologies used in integrated power management (PM) systems to overcome challenges of mixed-signal SoC qualification. They are mainly targeted at achieving the following: 1. Enabling the robust digital and system level test and burn-in (BI) with external supplies by disabling the on-chip PM with robust power-on performance, 2. Minimising external on-board active components in BI board and making the whole BI process more robust, 3. Making the I DDQ tests more robust, increasing the I DDQ sensitivity by less error prone design methods and enabling I DDQ tests possible on analog supplies, and 4. Defining separate BI strategy for the whole PM modules on-chip and enabling it by targeted analog test modes.
Ambient intelligence for freight railroads

Within the freight railroad industry, there is currently an industrywide effort to enable intelligent telemetry for freight trains. The conventional wisdom is that greater visibility of the status and proper functioning of trains would enable business transformation in numerous areas, including predictive maintenance, schedule optimization, and asset utilization. However, this effort to derive business value through new technology may also have significant environmental benefits. For example, failure prediction can drastically reduce derailments, thereby protecting the environment from the harmful effects of hazardous material spills. Equally important, better visibility of trains can lead to more efficient scheduling of trains, allowing more trains to move freight. Studies show that trains are three times more fuel efficient than trucks, and transferring just 1% of truck freight to railroads can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1.2 million tons annually. In this paper, we describe the potential benefits of employing a new, intelligent telemetry infrastructure for freight railroads. One proposed approach called SEAIT, or Sensor Enabled Ambient Intelligent Telemetry, is a wireless sensor network approach to supporting sensing and communication for advanced freight transportation scenarios. As part of a proof-of-technology exploration, we describe some preliminary performance results of SEAIT.
Visible-light Photodegradation of Higher Molecular Weight Organics on N-doped TiO2 Nanostructured Thin Films

Nitrogen doped titania nanoparticles were synthesized and deposited as thin films onto glass slides for photodecomposition studies of high molecular weight organics. The decomposition of stearic acid and polyethelyne glycol (PEG) on the nanostructured thin films under visible light irradiation were monitored using FTIR spectroscopy and a decrease in C–H stretch peak area in the 2,700–3,000 cm−1 range was monitored as the organic molecules were photocatalytically destroyed. Conversely, irradiation with visible light only or the whole Xenon lamp spectrum did not result in the degradation of the stearic or PEG coatings on glass in the absence of the nanocatalysts, which demonstrates for the first time visible light photoactivity of nitrogen-doped titania nanoparticle films.
Parents' Emotional Availability and Infant Emotional Competence: Predictors of Parent-Infant Attachment and Emerging Self-Regulation

One-year-old infants (N = 62) and their mothers and fathers were observed in free play and teaching sessions in order to examine parents' emotional availability and the infant's emotional competence. Mothers were more emotionally available than fathers, and infants exhibited more effortful attention with mothers than with fathers. Similar relations between parental emotional availability and infant emotional competence were found for mother-infant and father-infant dyads. Change in parental emotional availability covaried with change in infant emotional competence. Individual differences in parental emotional availability and infant emotional competence were more consistent across contexts than across parents. Infant effortful attention at 12 months was a mediator between maternal emotional availability at 12 months and toddler situational compliance at 16 months.
Density of States of Topologically Disordered Amorphous Semiconductors

The exact solutions of two group IV semiconductor models with topological disorder, that is to say, perfect tetrahedral coordination in the bulk of the lattice but no long range order, are discussed. The mathematical techniques are closely related to those proposed by Onsager to treat the hopping of ions in ice. Attention is concentrated on a model which displays unusually large surface effects. In addition to band states, this model shows bound states in the semiconductor energy gap. Such localized states are believed to occur for real systems such as imperfectly annealed amorphous Ge and Si.
Video telehealth for weight maintenance of African-American women:

We evaluated the effect of home telehealth on weight maintenance after a group-based weight loss programme. The home telehealth intervention comprised telephone counselling and home Internet-enabled digital video recorders (DVRs) with three channels of video programmes. The video content provided reinforcement and support to promote problem solving, prevent relapse and sustain motivation. Eighty-eight obese or overweight African-American women were randomized to receive monthly telephone counselling (control) or the home telehealth intervention. The weight change during maintenance was not significant in either group (0.6 kg in the intervention group, 0.0 kg in the control group), and there was no significant difference between them. Changes in diet, physical activity, social support and self-efficacy during the maintenance period did not differ significantly between groups. DVR use was low: during the intervention, the number of valid DVR viewings ranged from zero to 42 per person. DVR use was positively associated with previous attendance at the weight loss classes. Home video-based telehealth is a new method of delivering a weight loss maintenance intervention to African-American women. It had no effect on weight maintenance in the present study.
Effects of reducing dietary protein, methionine, choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12 during the late stages of the egg production cycle on performance and eggshell quality

A series of four experiments was conducted to determine whether-shell quality during the late stages of egg production can be improved by using diets that are effective in reducing egg size. The experiments involved dietary manipulation of protein, methionine, choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12. In experiment 1, reducing dietary protein in combination of reducing the dietary methionine and choline or this diet without supplemental folic acid and vitamin B12 resulted in reduced egg weight and improved shell quality. However, egg production also was drastically reduced. In experiment 2, reducing the dietary level of methionine, without adding supplemental choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12 reduced egg size and improved shell quality, but egg production was reduced as well. In this experiment reducing the dietary methionine without supplemental folic acid and vitamin B12 reduced egg size and improved shell quality with no adverse effect on egg production. In experiment 3, reducing the dietary level of methionine and choline or reducing the dietary level of choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12 reduced egg size and improved shell quality without adverse effects on egg production. On the other hand, reducing dietary methionine, folic acid, vitamin B12, and supplemental choline reduced egg weight and improved shell quality but lowered egg production. In experiment 4, reducing dietary methionine together with reducing choline and vitamin B12 reduced egg size and improved shell quality with no adverse effect on egg production. The results of this series of experiments generally indicate that certain manipulations of the combination of methionine, choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12 have the potential to reduce egg weight and improve shell quality without affecting egg production during the latter stages of the egg production cycle.
Efficient Data Sampling in Heterogeneous Peer-to-Peer Networks

Performing data-mining tasks such as clustering, classification, and prediction on large datasets is an arduous task and, many times, it is an infeasible task given current hardware limitations. The distributed nature of peer-to-peer databases further complicates this issue by introducing an access overhead cost in addition to the cost of sending individual tuples over the network. We propose a two-level sampling approach focusing on peer-to-peer databases for maximizing sample quality given a user-defined communication budget. Given that individual peers may have varying cardinality we propose an algorithm for determining the optimal sample rate (the percentage of tuples to sample from a peer) for each peer. We do this by analyzing the variance of individual peers, ultimately minimizing the total variance of the entire sample. By performing local optimization of individual peer sample rates we maximize approximation accuracy of the samples. We also offer several techniques for sampling in peer-to-peer databases given various amounts of known and unknown information about the network and its peers.
Routability of a rubber-band sketch

The SURF routing system employs a grid-less flexible routing topology called the rubber-band sketch, where each wire is treated as a rubber-band. One of the features of the SURF system is to provide an efficient routability test for this rubber-band topology. This paper presents the key concepts and necessary algorithms to perform this rou tability test.
Sweet's syndrome revisited: a review of disease concepts

Sweet's syndrome, also referred to as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is characterized by a constellation of symptoms and findings: fever, neutrophilia, erythematous and tender skin lesions that typically show an upper dermal infiltrate of mature neutrophils, and prompt improvement of both symptoms and lesions after the initiation of treatment with systemic corticosteroids. Hundreds of patients with this dermatosis have been reported. The manifestations of Sweet's syndrome in these individuals have not only confirmed those originally described by Dr Robert Douglas Sweet in 1964, but have also introduced new features that have expanded the clinical and pathologic concepts of this condition. The history, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, associated diseases, pathology, and treatment options of Sweet's syndrome are reviewed. The evolving and new concepts of this dermatosis that are discussed include: (i) Sweet's syndrome occurring in the clinical setting of a disease-related malignancy, or medication, or both; (ii) detection of additional sites of extracutaneous Sweet's syndrome manifestations; (iii) discovery of additional Sweet's syndrome-associated diseases; (iv) variability of the composition and/or location of the cutaneous inflammatory infiltrate in Sweet's syndrome lesions; and (v) additional efficacious treatments for Sweet's syndrome.
Depression in Aging Men The Role of Testosterone

Age-related decline in testosterone levels is associated with a number of mild, nonspecific symptoms, including depressive symptoms. The relationship between depressive symptoms and testosterone levels is confounded by numerous factors, including medical illness, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, diet and stress, and is thus complex. Studies have not consistently supported an integral role of reduced testosterone levels in major depressive disorder, although levels may often be reduced in men with treatment-refractory depression and older men with dysthymia. Low testosterone levels may also increase the risk of incident depression in older males, although this may depend upon androgen receptor genetic polymorphisms. Testosterone replacement has demonstrated short-term tolerability and efficacy in augmenting antidepressants to alleviate treatment-refractory depression in adult males. Case studies support the potential need for maintenance therapy to maintain response. In a placebo-controlled trial, testosterone monotherapy was not effective in treating major depressive disorder in men with hypogonadism. However, in an open-label, noncomparative study, testosterone monotherapy appeared effective in treating late-onset but not early-onset major depressive disorder in older males. Testosterone therapy is not without potential for adverse effects, the most worrisome of which is the worsening of pre-existing prostate carcinoma. Oral, short- and long-acting parenteral, and transdermal patch and gel formulations are available. Testosterone has demonstrated usefulness in the treatment of a number of depressed populations, but further studies are needed to fully elucidate its role in the treatment of depressive syndromes in the aging male.
Fractional Characteristics of Coal Fly Ash for Beneficial Use

As a primary by-product of coal combustion produced in large quantities, coal fly ash is a material receiving considerable interest for potential large-scale engineering applications. However, the beneficial use of coal fly ash in concrete production and contaminant removal, which have divergent constraints to sorption capacity, requires a more complete understanding of the surface and sorptive characteristics offly ash. A systematic analysis of fly ash particle size fractions established linkages between particle size, particle morphology, unburned carbon content, surface area, and sorption capacity. Unburned carbon was enriched in fly ash fractions of the largest particle sizes and associated with irregularly shaped particles. Further, most of the surface area and sorption capacity of fly ash could be attributed to unburned carbon. More importantly, unburned carbon content, specific surface area, and methylene blue sorption capacity were shown to strongly correlate to one another, providing a potentially quantitative basis for understanding the surface properties of fly ash and developing more effective process options to enhance the fly ash sorption behavior desirable for specific engineering applications. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533 .0000550. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Fly ash; Coal; Surface properties; Sorption; Particle size distribution. Author keywords: Fly ash; Surface properties; Sorption; Particle size distribution.
Design and Analysis of an Attitude Command Velocity Hold/ Hover Hold plus Incremental Position Command Blended Control Mode for Piloted Lunar Landing

All Apollo landings were performed by the astronauts, manually commanding the Lunar Module (LM) flight path and attitude using Rate-Control Attitude Hold (RCAH) with incremental rate-of-descent (ROD). This control mode was trained extensively and received favorable handling qualities ratings due to, in part, the control power of the LM. Future lunar landing vehicle designs are much larger than Apollo and as a result they may have more sluggish control-response characteristics during flight as compared to the LM. We have investigated alternative control modes to manually control the flight path and attitude of the vehicle while maintaining favorable performance ratings. The ALHAT Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) algorithms for autonomous precision landing were modified to include an Attitude Command Velocity Hold with Hover Hold plus Incremental Position Command (ACVH/HH+IPC) blended control mode, combined with incremental ROD command. The design of the Guidance and Control algorithms are described and pilot interaction is discussed in terms of the control strategy as well as the transition from automatic to manual flight.
Chemical synthesis of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites for orthopaedic applications

Abstract Hydroxyapatite-biodegradable polymer composites were synthesized by a colloidal non-aqueous chemical precipitation technique at room temperature. The starting materials used for synthesizing hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) were Ca(NO 3 ) 2 · 4H 2 O and H 3 PO 4 , resulting in single phase HA while poly( d , l -lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used as the biodegradable polymer component. The composites were prepared containing 10, 20, and 30 wt.% HA in the presence of the dissolved polymer without evidence of any visible phase separation of the particulates from the PLGA polymer. In addition, the pH changes occurring in the solution during precipitation, the yield of the ceramic due to the chemical reaction, bonding characteristics between the ceramic and the polymer, the microstructure, tensile strength, and thermal stability of the composites have been investigated. Additional in vitro studies include osteoblast-like adhesion assessment on composites utilizing MG63 cells. The results of these studies are described and discussed.
Physical Basis, Premises, and Self-Consistency Checks of Aerosol Retrievals from TRMM VIRS

Abstract This paper outlines the processing stream for aerosol retrievals over oceans from the visible and infrared scanner [VIRS; a five-channel radiometer similar to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)] aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, launched in November 1997. Emphasis is on 1) the applying the previously developed AVHRR second-generation aerosol retrieval algorithm to VIRS data to derive an aerosol parameter, indicative of particle size; 2) removing the unwanted “thermal leak” signal in the 1.61-μm channel; 3) giving examples of the first aerosol retrievals from space at this wavelength; and 4) assessing the accuracy of the retrievals with theoretical error analyses and empirical self- and interconsistency checks. Aerosol optical depths τA1 and τA2 are retrieved from reflected solar radiances in VIRS channels 1 and 2 centered at wavelengths λ1 = 0.63 and λ2 = 1.61 μm, using two independent lookup tables...
Visual and geochemical analyses of obsidian source use at San Felipe Aztatán, Mexico

Abstract Social inequality is a problem at the forefront of anthropological inquiry. The material record can give us valuable information about what resources were used at a given archaeological site. In this study, I have used obsidian and its distribution as a proxy for access to resources. By determining which obsidian sources were used and by whom, we can begin to understand the differential access to resources which is paramount to understanding social inequalities. This research uses a combination of visual sourcing and XRF geochemical sourcing to identify patterns in volcanic sources of obsidian artifacts at Post-classic San Felipe Aztatan in Nayarit, Mexico. Despite excellent quality sources being easily accessible, more sophisticated lithic reduction techniques such as prismatic blade production, seem to have been used only with more distant sources. With no substantial qualitative differences among obsidian sources, purely social factors likely resulted in the temporal and spatial distribution patterns at San Felipe Aztatan. Here, the limited area in which Pachuca obsidian is found may indicate an area of elite residence or elite activity, while its limited temporal distribution may reflect the emergence of trade and influence of the Aztatlan tradition dating to the Amapa phase during the Classic Period (500–750 CE). This research may have greater application for other sites across space and time. If obsidian source can be utilized to identify social stratification, we may be able to understand the spatial and social organization of specific sites as well as the complex dynamic trading relationships among sites.
Effects of Noxious Electrical Stimulation and Eccentric Exercise on Pain Sensitivity in Asymptomatic Individuals

Abstract Background Achilles tendinopathy is a common overuse injury in running and jumping athletes. Currently, we do not understand why some conservative interventions (eg, noxious electrical stimulation and eccentric training) may reduce the pain associated with tendinopathy. Objective To determine whether noxious electrical stimulation (NES) or eccentric contractions would alter pain sensitivity around the asymptomatic Achilles tendon. Design A double-blind trial with block-randomization by gender into 3 intervention arms: NES, eccentric contractions, or low-intensity cycling. Participants A total of 40 volunteers with no current pain conditions started the study, and 39 completed follow-up testing. Methods Participants underwent 2 baseline sessions to assess pain sensitivity response stability of pressure pain threshold (PPT), heat pain threshold (HPT), and heat temporal summation (HTS) over the Achilles tendon. Immediately after the second baseline session, participants performed 1 session of an intervention and were tested immediately postintervention and the next morning. Eccentric-only plantarflexor exercise was performed (4 sets of 15 repetitions) using full bodyweight and slow, 5-second contractions. Noxious electrical stimulation was applied to the Achilles for 20 minutes and dosed to the subjects' pain tolerance. Low-intensity cycling was dosed (60-70 W for 20 minutes) to minimize occurrence of exercise-induced hypoalgesia. The PPT was the primary outcome measure. Results For PPT, both NES ( P P = .003) groups were less sensitive to pressure immediately posttreatment, and the eccentric group maintained this effect through the next morning ( P = .043). No group differences were seen for HPT, but the NES ( P = .031) and eccentric ( P = .036) groups had less HTS the next morning. Conclusions A single session of eccentric exercise and NES can produce immediate and next-day reductions in pain sensitivity in asymptomatic adults. The immediacy of these effects points toward a neurophysiologic mechanism. Future research needs to be performed in clinical populations and to assess any cumulative effects to repetitive intervention.
AllAboard: Visual Exploration of Cellphone Mobility Data to Optimise Public Transport

The deep penetration of mobile phones offers cities the ability to opportunistically monitor citizens’ mobility and use data-driven insights to better plan and manage services. With large scale data on mobility patterns, operators can move away from the costly, mostly survey based, transportation planning processes, to a more data-centric view, that places the instrumented user at the center of development. In this framework, using mobile phone data to perform transit analysis and optimization represents a new frontier with significant societal impact, especially in developing countries. In this paper we present AllAboard, an intelligent tool that analyses cellphone data to help city authorities in visually exploring urban mobility and optimizing public transport. This is performed within a self contained tool, as opposed to the current solutions which rely on a combination of several distinct tools for analysis, reporting, optimisation and planning. An interactive user interface allows transit operators to visually explore the travel demand in both space and time, correlate it with the transit network, and evaluate the quality of service that a transit network provides to the citizens at very fine grain. Operators can visually test scenarios for transit network improvements, and compare the expected impact on the travellers’ experience. The system has been tested using real telecommunication data for the city of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, and evaluated from a data mining, optimisation and user prospective.
Correlates of Power in Citizen Organizations

Organized citizen action has been a hallmark of American democracy (Tocqueville, 1840/1961). At the neighborhood level, residents have frequently formed organizations to deal with common needs. In turn, these groups have often become an integral part of a neighborhood’s social fabric. Citizen organizations have therefore been among the most important ways through which citizens have helped to improve neighborhoods.
Effective Optoelectrical Switching by Using Pseudo-Single Crystal of Monolayer Array of 2D Polymer–Plasmonic Nanoparticles System

The Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique is used to assemble molecular compounds and colloidal nanoparticles into a monolayer on the surface of a substrate. Although the LB technique was used successfully in the assembly of the nanoparticles and molecules into monolayer, ordering of the nanoparticles or the molecules inside the LB film was not highly controlled. Functionalization of long chain polymers, which are able to semicrystallize into a monolayer, with the surface of colloidal nanoparticles can lead to highly ordered 2D arrays upon LB assembly. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with an average molecular weight of 30 000 g/mol is able to organize both isotropic 40 nm gold nanocubes (AuNCs) and anisotropic 40 nm gold nanorods into highly ordered 2D arrays. The separation distances between the nanoparticles in such LB assemblies are comparable, and the distances decreased upon increasing LB surface pressure. A strong sharp localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum of 2D AuNC arrays of full width at ha...
Untangling letter confusability and word length effects in pure alexia

Pure alexia is an acquired neuropsychological disorder that follows damage to the occipito-temporal lobe. This brain damage results in a severe reading impairment in which previously literate individuals are no longer able to efficiently read words, but are still able to perform other language tasks. The present study sought to identify factors of words that make it more difficult for pure alexic individuals to read, such as letter confusability and word length. Eye-tracking methodology was paired with a naming task to examine whether word length or letter confusability is a better predictor of processing difficulty. It was found that word length was a significant predictor of reading time, while summed letter confusability was not significant. This study contradicts some previous research and shows that when an orthogonal set of stimuli is used, letter confusability is not a significant factor driving this reading impairment in all individuals with pure alexia.
Sustainability Efforts at South Dakota State University

South Dakota State University wants to develop a sustainable environment. However, the University has, thus far, refused to make a formal commitment to sustainability. This paper examines how the ecology, communication networks, politic decisions, and issue networks of the University have influenced the University administration to have a goal towards sustainability yet refuse formal commitments to improving the sustainability of the University. Interviews with individuals intimately involved with issues of sustainability at the University are used to present a case study of events from the time sustainability became a goal of University to current. Public administration theory is used to provide a deeper understanding of the events, such as why the University does not make a formal commitment to sustainability, and draw some informed conclusions. Recommendations are provided throughout the paper in order to aid students, faculty, and the University administration in improving sustainability efforts at the University.
Resumption of Antithrombotic Therapy Following Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (P02.206)

Objective: Review subsequent warfarin or antiplatelet therapy (APT) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with hemorrhagic stroke (HS) (intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or ischemic stroke (IS) with hemorrhagic transformation). Background AF patients on anti-thrombotic drugs (ATD) are at risk for HS. ATD are then discontinued with concern of HS risk balanced by IS risks. A Mayo analysis suggested AF patients with ICH had low risk of recurrent ICH when restarted on warfarin We explored HS AF patient outcomes at Loyola. Design/Methods: A retrospective review( 2004-2011) of ICH patients with history of AF on warfarin or AP where we assessed embolic risk through CHADS2 score, bleed size, and presenting INR (factors influencing post-bleed ATD choice) and recurrent HS or IS rates in surviving patients. Results: Of 73 AF admitted patients with HS, 28 died. Of the 45 survivors, 25 were on warfarin, 11 warfarin+APT, and 9 APT. Median time to post-bleed anticoagulation was 20 days (range 0-772). Median time to post-bleed APT was 7 days (range 2-21). Admission embolic risk was assessed by CHADS2. Median CHADS2 for each group was: warfarin 2.5 (range 1-5); warfarin+APT 3.0 (range 1-5); APT alone 3.0 (1-5). Median INR was: warfarin 2.2 (range 1.2-14.9), warfarin+APT 2.0 (range 1.2-12.6); APT alone 1.1 ( range 0.9-1.6). Median bleed size (cc) was: warfarin 6.35 cc warfarin + APT 1.66 cc; APT alone 20.4 cc. There was no difference in risk factors for patients restarted on APT or warfarin. There was one ICH and one IS. Both had been on warfarin prior to the initial bleed. At recurrent stroke time, neither patient was on ATDs. Conclusions: here was no difference in embolic risk for AF patients with HS on warfarin or APT in our study. Furthermore, resumption of APT or warfarin appeared equally safe. Median time to warfarin was longer than to APT, however. Disclosure: Dr. Perros has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schneck has nothing to disclose.