cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR USING LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS TO TEST HIERARCHICAL AND NONHIERARCHICAL LEARNING MODELS

Several articles in the past fifteen years have suggested various models for analyzing dichotomous test or questionnaire items which were constructed to reflect an assumed underlying structure. This paper shows that many models are special cases of latent class analysis. A currently available computer program for latent class analysis allows parameter estimates and goodness-of-fit tests not only for the models suggested by previous authors, but also for many models which they could not test with the more specialized computer programs they developed. Several examples are given of the variety of models which may be generated and tested. In addition, a general framework for conceptualizing all such models is given. This framework should be useful for generating models and for comparing various models.
A space- and time-efficient local-spin spin lock

A simple code transformation is presented that reduces the space complexity of Yang and Anderson's local-spin mutual exclusion algorithm. In both the original and the transformed algorithm, only atomic read and write instructions are used; each process generates Θ(log N) remote memory references per lock request, where N is the number of processes. The transformed algorithm uses Θ(N) distinct variables, which is clearly optimal.
Nonhemorrhagic venous infarction of the spinal cord

A 71-year-old man experienced gradually progressive leg weakness, urinary retention, and mild loss of sensation in dermatomes T8 through T12 bilaterally. After 5 to 6 weeks of illness, he developed flaccid paraplegia and sensory loss below T8. He died 16 weeks after onset of neurological symptoms. Neuropathologically, there was widespread, subtotal necrosis of the spinal cord, largely of nonhemorrhagic character, from T8 downward. Dorsal and anterior median spinal veins were occluded by a partially organized thrombus. Comparison of this case with 19 previously recorded examples of venous infarction of the spinal cord (8 hemorrhagic, 7 nonhemorrhagic, and 4 embolic) suggests major differences in clinical presentation, rate of progression, and length of survival among the three groups.
A VARIATIONAL DESCRIPTION OF TRANSPORT PHENOMENA IN A PLASMA

Abstract It has been known for some time that, when no magnetic field is present, transport coefficients have an extremal nature. In this paper, it is shown that transport coefficients in the presence of a magnetic field or an alternating electric field also exhibit an extremal property. A mini-max (saddle point) principle is obtained which is used to solve the first order Chapman-Enskog transport equation with a Fokker-Planck collision term for a fully ionized gas. The thermoelectric coefficients and the viscosity when an arbitrary magnetic field is present, and the ac conductivity for the case of no magnetic field are evaluated for a singly ionized two component gas to well within the accuracy justified by the basic equations (∼10%). It is emphasized that this variational formalism rests upon two simple general properties of the collision integral, and hence is capable of considerably wider application than the particular example offered in the present paper. The physical significance of the variational principles is briefly discussed, and they are related to the rate of entropy production and amount of entropy stored in the system.
ACCURACY AND STABILITY OF A FINITE ELEMENT PSEUDO-COMPRESSIBILITY CFD ALGORITHM FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE THERMAL FLOWS

A finite element semidiscretization of a weak statement is implemented for the pseudo-compressibility form of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions. Pseudo-compressibility embeds a fictitious pressure-time derivative in the continuity equation and hence yields a hyperbolic conservation law form for the inviscid system. The Taylor weak statement theory derives the numerical dissipation form for control of the pressure approximation dispersion error mechanism. Algorithm completion employs an implicit time scheme and a matrix tensor product factorization for the terminal Newton statement. Algorithm accuracy, convergence, and stability are verified for three benchmark cases, including control of convergence problems encountered with pseudo-pressure oscillations near domain boundary geometric singularities.
To end ambiguous sentences

A study of the time required to complete ambiguous sentences suggested that: even though Ss are unaware of the ambiguity while completing sentences, they take more time to complete ambiguous sentences than unambiguous ones: the degree of difficulty in completing ambiguous sentences is related to the linguistic level at which the ambiguity occurs: sentences containing two ambiguities are more difficult to complete than those containing only one, and when these two ambiguities occur at different linguistic levels, these sentences are harder to complete than when both occur within the same linguistic level: ambiguity may affect the grammaticality and relevance of completions; and may cause stuttering and laughter, even without awareness of the ambiguity. An attempt to fit these results to several theories of the processing of ambiguous sentences led us to the conclusion that ambiguity interferes with our understanding of a single meaning of a sentence, and that the degree of interference varies with the linguistic level at which the ambiguity occurs.
Reliability and validity of the suicide intervention response inventory

Abstract The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory assesses the delicate balance of responses needed when someone is suicidal. To assess its reliability and validity, 177 practice teachers and 26 crisis-intervention volunteers completed it before and after a suicide-intervention training package. Internal reliability was strong (coefficient alpha = .83). Validity was modest. On the positive side, practice teachers who received training improved as expected, and experienced crisis-intervention volunteers scored higher than inexperienced volunteers as expected. On the negative side, factor analysis resulted in low factor loadings that were inconsistent with those previously reported. Changing item format could lessen the ceiling effect found in some previous studies and probably enhance the usefulness of this instrument.
Upper Bounds for the Total Path Length of Binary Trees

Two upper bounds for the total path length of binary trees are obtained. One is for node-trees, and bounds the internal (or root-to-node) path length; the other is for leaf-trees, and bounds the external (or root-to-leaf) path length. These bounds involve a quantity called the balance, which allows the bounds to adapt from the n log n behavior of a completely balanced tree to the n2 behavior of a most skewed tree. These bounds are illustrated for the case of Fibonacci trees.
A minimally invasive posterior lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spine instabilities

Percutaneous techniques may be helpful to reduce approach-related morbidity of conventional open surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of mini-open posterior lumbar interbody fusion for instabilities and degenerative disc diseases. From May 2005 until October 2008, 20 patients affected by monosegmental instability and disc herniation underwent mini-open lumbar interbody fusion combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the lumbar spine. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, Oswestry Disability Index, and Short Form Health Survey-36. The mean follow-up was 24 months. The mean estimated blood loss was 126 ml; the mean length of stay was 5.3 days; the mean operative time was 171 min. At 24-month follow-up, the mean VAS score was 2.1, mean ODI was 27.1%, and mean SF-36 was 85.2%. 80 screws were implanted in 20 patients. 74 screws showed very good position, 5 screws acceptable, and 1 screw unacceptable. A solid fusion was achieved in 17 patients (85%). In our opinion, mini-open TLIF is a valid and safe treatment of lumbar instability and degenerative disc diseases in order to obtain faster return to daily activities.
Morse theory and conjugacy classes of finite subgroups II

We construct a hyperbolic group containing a finitely presented subgroup, which has infinitely many conjugacy classes of finite-order elements. We also use a version of Morse theory with high dimensional horizontal cells and use handle cancellation arguments to produce other examples of subgroups of CAT(0) groups with infinitely many conjugacy classes of finite-order elements.
The Immortal Strand Hypothesis: Segregation and Reconstruction

The immortal strand hypothesis posits that the propensity of stem cell compartments to give rise to cancer in later life can be minimized if stem cells, during the process of self-renewal, retain those DNA strands with the fewest mutations acquired during DNA replication. In this Essay, I explore evidence in support of the hypothesis, the biological implications, and the key questions that remain to be answered experimentally to address the fundamental tenets of the hypothesis.
Maternal nutrient restriction during pregnancy impairs an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-like pathway in sheep fetal coronary arteries

The mechanisms underlying developmental programming are poorly understood but may be associated with adaptations by the fetus in response to changes in the maternal environment during pregnancy. We...
Towards a theoretical framework of heritage language literacy and identity processes

Abstract Drawing mainly on Pierre Bourdieu's notions of symbolic capital, Bakhtin's concept of voice and heteroglossia in the novel, and Gee's theory of Discourses and the term third space as applied in education, I construct a theoretical framework for heritage language (HL) literacy and identity processes. I propose that HL literacy acquisition be viewed as identity processes that encompass the acquisition of voice as a means of learning how to design the self and others. I suggest that a reconceptualization of the HL learner as possessing unique characteristics from the overarching label of “second language learner” is necessary. Finally, I argue that an investigation of the dominant language and HL and Discourses is necessary for understanding HL literacy development and identity processes.
Modeling communication pipeline latency

In this paper, we study how to minimize the latency of a message through a network that consists of a number of store-and-forward stages. This research is especially relevant for today's low overhead communication systems that employ dedicated processing elements for protocol processing. We develop an abstract pipeline model that reveals a crucial performance tradeoff involving the effects of the overhead of the bottleneck stage and the bandwidth of the remaining stages. We exploit this tradeoff to develop a suite of fragmentation algorithms designed to minimize message latency. We also provide an experimental methodology that enables the construction of customized pipeline algorithms that can adapt to the specific system characteristics and application workloads. By applying this methodology to the Myrinet-GAM system, we have improved its latency by up to 51%. Our theoretical framework is also applicable to pipelined systems beyond the context of high speed networks.
Reliability and Validity of Scores on the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener

Summary Psychometric characteristics of the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener were studied using three independent samples of boys and girls ages 5–10 years (N = 1,170). Internal consistency of scores ranged from .83 to .90 for the total scale, while 30-day test-retest reliability was .82 (n = 58). A convergent validity coefficient between the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener and Test of Auditory Perceptual Skills-Revised Total Score was .59 (n = 67, p <.05). Thus, scores derived from administration of the Slosson Auditory Perception Skills Screener had adequate internal consistency and temporal stability, as well as good convergent validity.
National Personality and Tipping Customs

Abstract This study examined the relationship between the number of tipped professions and national levels of extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism in a sample of 21 countries. After two significant outliers were deleted, a simultaneous multiple regression analysis indicated that the number of tipped professions increased with national levels of extraversion and neuroticism and decreased with national levels of psychoticism. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for: (1) the functions and underlying causes of a unique social-custom/economic-institution, (2) the validity of the EPQ as a measure of national personality, and (3) the breadth of phenomena that are influenced by personality traits.
Sodium hydrogen-S-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl) phosphorothioate (WR-77913): Toxicity and bone marrow radioprotection

Abstract Experiments have been carried out to compare the toxicity and radioprotective effect of sodium hydrogen-S-(3-amino-2-hy(iroxypropyl) phosphorothioate (WR-77913) with those of S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethyl phosphorothioic acid (WR-2721). The drugs were given intraperitoneally to 12 week-old female BALB/c mice 30 minutes before whole body irradiation. Lethality at 30 days was the endpoint used. The drug LD5030 was 678 mg/kg for WR-2721 and 3574 mg/kg for WR-77913. The LD5030 for WR-77913 combined with 500 mg/kg of WR-2721 was 3328 mg/kg. The LD5030 for misonidazole was 380 mg/kg when given in combination with 500 mg/kg of WR-2721 and 801 mg/kg when combined with 2200 mg/kg of WR-77913. Protection of bone marrow by WR-77913 and WR-2721 was comparable at doses close to the maximum tolerable dose (MTD, drug dose lethal to 10% of the animals at 30 days), but W R-77913 gave better protection at 25% of the MTD. These characteristics of low toxicity, non-additive toxicity with WR-2721, less toxicity in combination with misonidazole and adequate bone marrow protection at 25`,0 of the MTD, make WR-77913 a protector worthy of further investigation.
An Issue of Conflicting Rights: Nursing Student Charged With Drug Trafficking

One semester before graduation, a nursing student was charged with a class A felony for drug trafficking. The nurse administrator recommended to university administration that the student be suspended from all clinical activity until charges were resolved. Initially, a summary action was issued by university administration to support this recommendation. A summary disciplinary action allows for temporary suspension of a student charged with misconduct when the student's presence threatens harm to the student or any other person. However, after legal review, the summary action was rescinded based on the complexity of conflicting interests and rights that required consideration and protection. The law provides some guidance but lacks the specificity to move an issue like this from equivocal to unequivocal in a short time frame. Consequently, the student was allowed to complete the program. Shortly after commencement, the graduate was convicted. In retrospect, it was found that ample case law exists allowing for a more aggressive defense of a summary action then had been taken. As pointed out in Krasnow v. Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1976), standards of student conduct established by a university may prohibit action that interferes with the mission or functions of the institution, and these standards may go beyond standards established by criminal law and may require greater ethical or moral behavior. Being prepared for situations such as the one presented here requires that schools have in place clearly defined policies and procedures that assure due process, allow for disciplinary action, reduce time and energy required to resolve conflicts, and assure consistent and fair outcomes.
Expression and regulation of chemokine genes in the mouse uterus during pregnancy.

Leukocytes accumulate in the pregnant mouse uterus following mating, during implantation and during placental development. Changes in leukocyte number are primarily due to recruitment from the blood, not local proliferation, but the underlying recruitment mechanisms are poorly understood. Mating-induced granulocyte and macrophage recruitment is due in part to pro-inflammatory and chemotactic factors present in seminal plasma. Accumulation of macrophages later in pregnancy appears to be caused in part by ovarian hormone-stimulated CSF-1 production and in part by other as yet unidentified uterine chemotactic factors. The current study was performed to assess chemokine production in the uterus during pregnancy. Northern blotting was used to demonstrate NSI/KC (KC), macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein one alpha (MIP1alpha) and regulated inactivation, normal T expressed and secreted protein (RANTES) mRNA in the uterus. Oestrogen and progesterone induced intrauterine production of all four chemokines and may have done so through the autocrine/paracrine activities of IL-1. The data suggest that C-C chemokines play a role in accumulation of macrophages in the uterus during pregnancy.
Imperfect reflections: The challenges in implementing human capital assessment in libraries

Purpose – This is the second of two papers on the benefits and challenges of human capital assessment. The purpose of this paper is to review the most common challenges that library administrators may encounter when developing and implementing a human capital assessment process in their libraries and offer suggested counter‐responses to reduce implementation challenges. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses a literature review to identify potential challenges and resolutions for library administrators who are developing and implementing human capital assessment. In reviewing human capital assessment from the literature from both outside and within the library profession, it is hoped that the most common challenges can be identified to allow library administrators an effective opportunity to plan and account for these challenges during development and implementation. Findings – Human capital assessment is an increasingly essential element of organizational performance assessment for library administrators. There are several types of common challenges in developing and implementing human capital assessment processes: a lack of consensual operational definitions and assessment values for human capital valuation and assessment, complexity of process, subjectivity in application, and misaligned information needs of mid‐level administrators. However, if these development and implementation challenges can be reduced or eliminated through prior planning and aligning the valuation and assessment processes to the organization and its assessment information needs, there are multiple potential benefits for library administrators who wish to assess the human capital of their library. Originality/value – Identifying the implementation challenges of human capital assessment for library administrators could reduce the initial challenges of in assessing the human component of the library's performance in meeting stakeholder's needs and accountability concerns.
Copper Doped Lanthanum Strontium Ferrite for Reduced Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Abstract Copper doped lanthanum strontium ferrite showed superior kinetics for the electro-reduction of oxygen. The generic formulation was La 1− x Sr x Cu 1− y Fe y O 3 (LSCuF) where x ranged from 0.2 to 0.3 and y varied from 0 to 0.4. Doping with copper improved the electrocatalytic activity compared with undoped material. In oxygen, the La 0.7 Sr 0.3 Cu 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 sample showed current densities approximately 2–3 times that of La 0.7 Sr 0.3 FeO 3 and 10 times that of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 . This improvement was confirmed with cyclic voltammetric studies on half cells and on full fuel cell tests. Copper doped materials have unusual electrochemical characteristics and copper apparently undergoes a one electron reduction at overpotentials less than −0.1 V. This occurred only in air but not in oxygen.
Interfacial and surface characterization of two self-etching adhesive systems and a total-etch adhesive after bonding to ground and unground bovine enamel—a qualitative study

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the enamel surface and interface morphology of two self-etching adhesive systems (SAS) vs a total-etch control, after bonding to ground and unground enamel using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Thirty bovine incisors were used in this study. The buccal enamel surface of 15 teeth was ground flat to resemble freshly cut enamel. The rest of the teeth were left intact. Two SAS, Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray) and Prompt L-Pop (3M-ESPE), and a conventional adhesive system, Scotchbond Multipurpose (3M-ESPE, control), were used to condition the surface of unground and ground enamel on 12 teeth. A composite button was bonded to the remaining 18 teeth; a cross-section (1 mm thick) was obtained from each and the bonded interface was polished. All specimens were dehydrated in ascending grades of ethanol, gold-sputter-coated, and observed under FESEM (Hitachi S-4000) to evaluate the ultrastructural morphology of the enamel surface and the enamel–dentin interface. The etching patterns and adhesive penetration varied according to the aggressiveness of the SAS, with CSE being the mildest and H3PO4 being the most aggressive. There were no significant differences on the ultrastructural morphology of the enamel surface between unground and ground specimens. It appears that microporosities within enamel prisms provide sufficient enamel–resin hybridization in unground enamel. The enamel dissolution pattern and depth of infiltration depend on the type of SAS used, with no significant differences in unground and ground enamel.
Successful diagnostic and therapeutic intrauterine fetal interventions by natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (with videos).

Background Despite advances in the development of fetal surgery, morbidity and mortality are substantial. A natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)–guided approach to the gravid uterus may offer a less-invasive technique. Objective To assess the feasibility of NOTES for diagnostic and therapeutic intrauterine fetal interventions. Setting Survival and nonsurvival experiments on pregnant sheep. Design and Intervention Nonsurvival experiments performed in 2 pregnant sheep (80-110 days' gestation). A third ewe underwent NOTES and survived for 4 weeks. Transgastric (nonsurvival ewes) and transvaginal (1 nonsurvival and the survived ewe) peritoneoscopy was performed after standard needle-knife entry into the peritoneal cavity. Endoscopic access to the gravid uterus was assessed. EUS-guided, transuterine injection of saline solution into the fetal cardiac ventricle and vessels was attempted in all. Main Outcome Measurements Feasibility of NOTES- and EUS-guided intervention in a pregnant animal model, visibility of fetal parts via EUS compared with transabdominal US. Results Entry into the peritoneal cavity was achieved in each ewe. Access to and complete visualization of the gravid uterus were successful once within the abdominal cavity. Visualization of the fetal parts and the placental cotyledons by EUS was achieved in all animals. EUS-guided amniocenteses and transuterine intracardiac and intravascular injection of saline were successful. There were no complications or preterm delivery after the procedures. Limitations Animal model. Conclusions NOTES is technically feasible in the pregnant ewe. Intraperitoneal EUS via a NOTES approach provides excellent access and visualization of the intrauterine cavity and fetal parts.
Energy and Performance Management of Green Data Centers: A Profit Maximization Approach

While a large body of work has recently focused on reducing data center's energy expenses, there exists no prior work on investigating the trade-off between minimizing data center's energy expenditure and maximizing their revenue for various Internet and cloud computing services that they may offer. In this paper, we seek to tackle this shortcoming by proposing a systematic approach to maximize green data center's profit, i.e., revenue minus cost. In this regard, we explicitly take into account practical service-level agreements (SLAs) that currently exist between data centers and their customers. Our model also incorporates various other factors such as availability of local renewable power generation at data centers and the stochastic nature of data centers' workload. Furthermore, we propose a novel optimization-based profit maximization strategy for data centers for two different cases, without and with behind-the-meter renewable generators. We show that the formulated optimization problems in both cases are convex programs; therefore, they are tractable and appropriate for practical implementation. Using various experimental data and via computer simulations, we assess the performance of the proposed optimization-based profit maximization strategy and show that it significantly outperforms two comparable energy and performance management algorithms that are recently proposed in the literature.
On the adoption of technological innovations in industry: Superficial models and complex decision processes

Abstract Attention is directed first to the external as well as the internal contexts within which prospective innovations are evaluated. Turning to the actual decision-making processes, a review of the evaluational bases for decision is followed by consideration of how these lead to actual decisions and often to subsequent revisions of the original decisions. The final section is concerned with some common shortcomings of prevailing approaches to evaluating the post-installation effects of technological innovations in industry. It also offers some suggestions for improving such efforts and for using such improvements to enhance the effective appraisal of future innovations.
Relationship between literacy, knowledge, self-care behaviors, and heart failure-related quality of life among patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND We sought to examine the relationship between literacy and heart failure-related quality of life (HFQOL), and to explore whether literacy-related differences in knowledge, self-efficacy and/or self-care behavior explained the relationship.
EFFECTS OF COLCEMID ON HYDRA VIRIDIS WITH MULTIPLE‐PEDUNCLE GRAFTS

The effect of Colcemid on multiple-graft Hydra viridis containing three peduncles (3p) grafted in tandem is reported. At grafting, the apical member of a 3p animal is a foot-less host, the middle member, an isolated peduncle, and the proximal member, a foot-bearing peduncle. In different experimental situations all three members are treated with Colcemid, the host member alone is treated, or the host member is not treated but the others are. Control animals have only non-treated members. Head and foot regeneration on graft pieces and the formation of waists and separations at the borders between these pieces are monitored and the significance of differences between frequencies tested by Chi square. Head formation on the middle and proximal peduncles is promoted by Colcemid when all pieces are treated, but animals with treated host pieces have significantly higher frequencies of heads on their non-treated proximal pieces than other experimental and control animals. Animals with Colcemid-treated proximal peduncles do not have significantly more heads on the most proximal peduncle compared to controls. Colcemid does not alter the frequency of foot formation significantly on the host peduncles of animals in the different categories, but foot formation is increased on the middle pieces of animals with three treated pieces and on animals with middle and proximal treated pieces. The rate of waist formation and graft separation is retarded when all three or just the host piece is treated, but not when only the middle and proximal pieces are treated. The direct action of Colcemid on nerves and on dividing cells may be responsible for these effects.
The Relationship between Virtual Self Similarity and Social Anxiety

In virtual reality (VR) it is possible to embody avatars that are dissimilar to the physical self. We examined whether embodying a dissimilar self in VR would decrease anxiety in a public speaking situation. We report the results of an observational pilot study and two laboratory experiments. In the pilot study (N=252), participants chose an avatar to use in a public speaking task. Trait public speaking anxiety correlated with avatar preference, such that anxious individuals preferred dissimilar self-representations. In Study 1 (N=82), differences in anxiety during a speech in front of a virtual audience were compared among participants embodying an assigned avatar whose face was identical to their real self, an assigned avatar whose face was other than their real face, or embodied an avatar of their choice. Anxiety differences were not significant, but there was a trend for lower anxiety with the assigned dissimilar avatar compared to the avatar looking like the real self. Study 2 (N=105) was designed to explicate that trend, and further investigated anxiety differences with an assigned self or dissimilar avatar. The assigned dissimilar avatar reduced anxiety relative to the assigned self avatar for one measure of anxiety. We discuss implications for theories of self-representation as well as for applied uses of VR to treat social anxiety.
Ganetespib, a Novel Hsp90 Inhibitor in Patients With KRAS Mutated and Wild Type, Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Background Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a cellular chaperone that is required for the maturation and stability of a variety of proteins that play key roles in colon cancer initiation and progression. The primary objective of the current study was to define the safety and efficacy of ganetespib, a novel, selective small-molecule Hsp90 inhibitor, in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients and Methods The study was a single-arm, Simon 2-stage, phase II trial for patients with chemotherapy-refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients received ganetespib 200 mg/m 2 intravenously. Tumor tissue was collected before treatment and 48 hours after treatment for changes in expression of Hsp90 client proteins and other potential pharmacodynamics markers. V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B, and phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutational status was also determined. Results Seventeen patients were treated (median age, 58; range, 44-79 years). No patients demonstrated objective regression of disease. Two patients had stable disease of 6.8 and 5.1 months duration. Serious adverse events that were potentially attributable to ganetespib included diarrhea (12%, n = 2), fatigue (17%, n = 3), and increased aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (12%, n = 2) and alkaline phosphatase (6%, n = 1) levels. Of the 17 evaluable patients, 9 (53%) including patients with stable disease as best response, had KRAS-mutant tumors. Conclusion In this first phase II investigation of an Hsp90 inhibitor in colorectal cancer, ganetespib as a single agent did not demonstrate activity in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. However, on the basis of the drug's promising preclinical combination data and the relatively mild toxicity profile, further clinical investigation of this agent in combination with standard cytotoxic agents is planned.
Reduced Coercive Field in BiFeO3 Thin Films Through Domain Engineering

The bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) material offers a comprehensive package of multifunctionality. In addition to the multiferroic behavior, i.e. coexistence of electric and magnetic orderings,[1] it also exhibits photovoltaic effect, [2] metal-insulator transition,[3] electric modulation of conduction,[4] and terahertz radiation emission.[5] The possibility of joint control of electric, magnetic, and optical properties provides several degrees of freedom to design exotic devices. It is a green energy material in the sense that it is lead-free and energy-efficient due to cryogen-less functionality. Therefore, a wide variety of applications in terms of sensors, memories and spintronic devices are foreseen.[6] However, the incipient lower value of magneto-electric coupling has raised skepticism regarding its multiferroic capabilities and allied applications.[6] Nevertheless, the highest value of ferroelectric polarization (~ 100 C.cm-2) is very promising for next generation ferroelectric random access memory devices.
Active tissue factor shed from human arterial smooth muscle cells adheres to artificial surfaces.

Through a series of in vitro assays, this study outlines a flow-mediated process by which active tissue factor (TF), the prime initiator of coagulation, may be transferred from the plasma membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) to that of artificial surfaces such as those typically associated with intravascular implants. Studies with quiescent and activated rat VSMCs demonstrated that pathologically high shear stresses (τw = 250 dyn cm-2) resulted in the loss of TF activity from the cell surface. Subsequent experiments with human VSMCs showed that VSMCs continuously release active TF into their extracellular medium, presumably in the form of lipid vesicles or microparticles, and that fluid shear stress (τw = 50 dyn cm-2) or chemical agonists (A23187) can significantly accelerate this release. Experiments with a wide array of polymeric and metallic materials showed that the TF shed from VSMCs was able to adhere to these surfaces and promote the activation of coagulation factor X (FX) at the materi...
Studies of the optimization of recombination layers for inverted tandem polymer solar cells

Abstract We report on an optimization study of recombination layers in inverted tandem bulk heterojunction polymeric solar cells. Modification of bilayers of MoO x /Ag with a polymeric surface modifier, polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), is found to significantly improve the performance of these recombination layers. The improvement is assigned to a significant reduction by 1.5 eV of the work function of the Ag with PEIE. An analysis of the electrical, optical, and surface properties of the recombination trilayer is presented. Inverted tandem polymer solar cells, fabricated with two identical active layers comprising a donor polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and a fullerene derivative acceptor, [6,6]-phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC 60 BM), provide a proof-of-principle demonstration of the effectiveness of the MoO x /Ag/PEIE trilayer as recombination layer. Such tandem cells yield an open-circuit voltage of 1042 mV and fill factors of 0.62, comparable to those of single cells (0.63) under simulated AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm 2 illumination. Preliminary shelf lifetime studies suggest that these trilayer recombination layers show good air stability.
Chemistry and occurrence of hydroxycinnamate oligomers

Hydroxycinnamates such as ferulic acid, sinapic acid and p-coumaric acid ester-linked to plant cell wall polymers may act as cross-links between polysaccharides to each other, but also to proteins and lignin. Although sinapates and p-coumarates also form cell wall cross-links by the formation of radically or photochemically formed dimers, ferulate derivatives are the quantitatively most important cross-links in the plant cell wall. While the first radically generated ferulate dimer was already identified almost 40 years ago, the spectrum of known ferulate dimers was considerably broadened within the last 15 years. Higher ferulate oligomers were generated in model systems, but also isolated from plant materials. Different model systems using either free hydroxycinnamic acids or their esters are reviewed, highlighting a discussion of the relevance of these models for the plant cell wall. The first ferulate trimer from plant material was discovered in 2003 and seven dehydrotrimers of ferulic acid were isolated from maize bran since. Some of these trimers were also identified in other plant materials such as wheat and rye grains, corn stover, sugar beet and asparagus. Formation mechanisms of ferulate trimers and implications for the plant cell wall are discussed. Ferulate tetramers are the highest oligomers isolated from plant materials so far. These compounds can theoretically cross-link up to four polysaccharide chains, assuming all cross-links are formed intermolecularly. Formation of intramolecular versus intermolecular polysaccharide cross-links is a key question to be answered in the future if we want to judge properly the importance of hydroxycinnamate cross-links in the plant cell wall.
Emergency psychiatry in the general hospital: Staffing, training, and leadership issues

Psychiatric services in general medical hospitals have increased in the past two decades. More and more, emergency services are being used for less urgent problems, and have created difficulties in health care delivery for all physicians. This is especially true for psychiatrists, since emergency psychiatric care is more time - and staff-intensive, and the need for it is unpredictable. The important issues of staffing, training, and the need for creative leadership for emergency psychiatric services are discussed.
Cause of death in hemophilia a patients in the United States from 1968 to 1979

Death data on 949 hemophiliacs for the years 1968-1979 have been analyzed. The median age at death has increased from 33 to 55 years. There was no evidence of new diseases caused by the more intensive therapy during this time interval. The leading infectious disease was hepatitis, accounting for eight deaths. Only one acute hepatitis death was listed after 1974, when sensitive tests for hepatitis B antigen screening of plasma were implemented. Cirrhosis was a primary or associated cause of death in 76 cases (8%) and pneumonia was a primary or associated cause of death in 62 deaths (6.5%). The types of malignancies in hemophiliacs were similar to those in the male US population with no evidence of excessive retrovirus malignancies prior to infection with HIV-1.
Improved stability and electrophoretic properties of preformed fluorescent cationic dye-DNA complexes in a taps-tetrapentylammonium buffer in agarose slab gels

High-resolution capillary electrophoresis sizing of preformed complexes of bis-intercalating fluorescent dyes with double-stranded DNA has been demonstrated using hydroxyethylcellulose and 3-[tris-(hydroxymethyl) methylamino]-1-propanesulfonic acid-tetrapentylammonium (Taps-NPe+4) buffers (S. M. Clark and R. A. Mathies, Anal. Chem. 69, 1355-1363, 1997). Such capillary electrophoresis separations were unattainable in conventional buffers containing other cations such as Tris+, Na+, and NH+4. We report here the behavior of preformed double-stranded DNA-dye complexes on agarose slab gel electrophoresis in 40 mM Taps-NPe+4, 1 mM H2EDTA, pH 8.2. Upon electrophoresis in this buffer (a) complexes formed at DNA base pairs:dye ratios ranging from 100:1 to 5:1 show the same mobility; (b) the half-lives of DNA-dye complexes with monointercalators are two- to threefold longer than those in commonly used Tris buffers; (c) there is little dye transfer between labeled and unlabeled DNA molecules; and (d) precise two-color sizing of preformed restriction fragment-dye complexes with fluorescent bisintercalators is achieved.
Shape-based retrieval and analysis of 3D models

Large repositories of 3D data are rapidly becoming available in several fields, including mechanical CAD, molecular biology, and computer graphics. As the number of 3D models grows, there is an increasing need for computer algorithms to help people find the interesting ones and discover relationships between them. Unfortunately, traditional text-based search techniques are not always effective for 3D models, especially when queries are geometric in nature (e.g., find me objects that fit into this space). This course will survey recent methods and applications for representing, matching, indexing, and classifying 3D polygonal models based on their shapes.
Block Configuration Modeling: A novel simulation model to emulate building occupant peer networks and their impact on building energy consumption

Recent research has shown that providing building occupants with eco-feedback regarding their own energy consumption and the consumption of others in their peer network can lead to substantial energy savings. While empirical eco-feedback studies have provided valuable insights into the dynamics of energy consumption behavior and building occupant peer networks, such studies have faced challenges in examining consumption behavior in larger and more complex peer networks. Computer simulation and random network models offer a solution to this scalability issue, but current random network models are limited in their ability to mimic real world building occupant networks. In this paper, we propose a refined random network model, the Block Configuration Model, and utilize it in an agent-based energy consumption simulation. Results indicate that the Block Configuration Model is more accurate than conventional models when compared to empirical data from three different eco-feedback experiments. The Block Configuration Model advances our understanding of the dynamics of occupant energy consumption and provides a tool to reduce energy consumption and associated emissions.
Guest Recognition in a Partially Bridged Deep Cavitand

The synthesis of a new deep cavitand partially bridged via disulfide bonds is described. Its thermodynamic and kinetic complexation parameters are compared with those of an unbridged analogue. The disulfide bridges cause deviations in ΔH and ΔS but result in only small differences in ΔG of complexation. The bridges increase the activation barrier for guest dissociation and lead to complexes with enhanced kinetic stability.
Asymptotic efficiency in sequential designs for estimation in the exponential family case

The problem of designing an experiment to estimate the difference between the means of two populations from the exponential family is considered. The main results determine a lower bound for the Bayes risk, and procedures which are asymptotically optimal. Simulation studies indicate that the fully sequential procedure performs much better than the best fixed allocation procedure.
Baking Geophytes and Tracking Microfossils: Taphonomic Implications for Earth-Oven and Paleodietary Research

Archaeologically oriented starch-granule and other plant-food microfossil research contribute to human subsistence studies primarily through analysis of residue adhering to plant processing tools. Little is known about whether or how plant-food microfossils may be present in remains of ancient earth ovens and other cooking facilities. Earth ovens with rock heating elements are found worldwide, especially in savannah and fuel-poor regions; they date to about 30,000 and 9,000 years old in the Old and New Worlds, respectively. Earth-oven baking is a cooking technology that effectively increases the availability of food in a given area by affording nutritional access to difficult-to-cook or toxic plant foods that would otherwise be indigestible. It effectively increases a landscape’s capacity to support population growth. Conventional-oven and lab-oven baking experiments assess the potential of ancient earth ovens to yield identifiable microfossils of underground storage organs (USOs) baked therein. During 15 min to 12 h of baking at 135–150 °C, identifiable and degraded USO microfossils accumulated as part of baking residue on cloth coverings, leafy packing materials, the inside of the containers, and on suspended microscope slides. Results of these taphonomic experiments indicate that an abundance of microfossils, including starch granules, phytoliths, raphides, and plant tissue, are emitted from USOs during the baking process. As hypothesized, these microfossils should be mobilized and dispersed in earth ovens per se during baking, primarily via liquid and vapor forms of water. Illuviation and other transformation processes are expected to redeposit baked, yet still identifiable, plant-food microfossils on heating-element rocks.
The Catholic Historical Review: One Hundred Years of Scholarship on Catholic Missions in the Early Modern World

The author analyzes the 125 articles published in The Catholic Historical Review between 1915 and the centennial. The first part contextualizes the individual contributions against landmark scholarship in the field of Catholic missions to colonial Latin America and Ming China. The second part presents statistical analyses of the articles by subfields and decades, showing the preponderance of publications in Latin America (48 percent), North America (30 percent), and Asia (12 percent). It concludes with a succinct comparison of the profile of this journal in the field of missions history against other scholarly venues
The effect of amount of crude oil on extent of its biodegradation in open water‐ and sandy beach‐ laboratory simulations

Abstract We examined the biodegradation of varying amounts of artificially weathered Alaskan North Slope crude oil in laboratory microcosm test systems that use natural seawater and simulate spills in open water and on sandy beaches. The model bioremediation treatment consisted of periodic applications of marine bacteria, selected to degrade n‐alkanes and a range of aromatic compounds, suspended in a salts solution that supplied inorganic nitrogen and phosphorous. Beach microcosms dosed with low and high oiling lost an average of 22.5% and 11.3% oil weight, respectively. Open‐water microcosms dosed with high and low oiling lost 19.1% and 2.9% oil weight, respectively. Thus, the lower doses of oil were more efficiently degraded. The model bioremediation treatment also affected a greater number of selected analytical endpoints in the lower‐oil‐dose than higher‐dose experiments and the former showed more substantial degradation of recalcitrant components. Above a certain threshold oil concentration, bioremed...
Childhood infections, the developing immune system, and the origins of asthma.

Asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by increased responsiveness to bronchoconstrictive stimuli. Viruses have been shown to play an important role in asthma, with viral infection being present during about 85% of exacerbations. However, the role they play in the onset of asthma is more controversial. Some respiratory viral infections might be protective, but there is a strong association between respiratory syncytial virus–induced bronchiolitis in infancy and recurrent wheeze up to 12 years of age. Both the respiratory tract and the immune system undergo rapid maturation during the first year of life, and it seems that postnatal development is affected by and affects responses to viral infections. Understanding postnatal developmental changes in the immune system might help to explain the origins and pathogenesis of asthma and thus the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of specific asthma therapies.