cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Academic Associate Program: Integrating Clinical Emergency Medicine Research with Undergraduate Education

An educational program that teaches undergraduate students about clinical research related to emergency medicine is described. The students work as research assistants within the ED, thus providing a departmental framework for the enrollment of patients in clinical studies. Volunteers interested in the program undergo a physical examination, vaccination history, and standard serologic testing, and sit through a formal blood and body fluid exposure course offered by the university prior to their clinical research participation. A didactic curriculum on clinical research concepts and course examinations is provided. Over the 4 years since the department established its departmental research goals and this educational program, the departmental publication rate has increased from 2 to 20 manuscripts. While there was only 1 faculty member with a research publication in 1992, there were 9 faculty with manuscripts accepted for publication in the first 6 months of 1996. Similarly, more nurses and ancillary staff have become involved in prospective clinical research. Much of this success is attributed to the novel use of resources through the academic associate program.
A lower bound for testing 3-colorability in bounded-degree graphs

We consider the problem of testing 3-colorability in the bounded-degree model. We show that, for small enough /spl epsiv/, every tester for 3-colorability must have query complexity /spl Omega/(n). This is the first linear lower bound for testing a natural graph property in the bounded-degree model. An /spl Omega/(/spl radic/n) lower bound was previously known. For one-sided error testers, we also show an /spl Omega/(n) lower bound for testers that distinguish 3-colorable graphs from graphs that are (1/3 - /spl alpha/)-far from 3-colorable, for arbitrarily small /spl alpha/. In contrast, a polynomial time algorithm by Frieze and Jerrum (1997) distinguishes 3-colorable graphs from graphs that are 1/5-far from 3-colorable. As a by-product of our techniques, we obtain tight unconditional lower bounds on the approximation ratios achievable by sublinear time algorithms for Max E3SAT, Max E3LIN-2 and other problems.
A Direct Connection Between the Bergman and Szegő Projections

We use Stokes’s theorem to establish an explicit and concrete connection between the Bergman and Szegő projections on the disc, the ball, and on strongly pseudoconvex domains.
Tyrosine kinase inhibition: Ligand binding and conformational change in c-Kit and c-Abl

The conformational flexibility exhibited by protein kinases poses an enormous challenge to the design of cancer therapeutics. Additionally the high degree of structural conservation within the kinase superfamily often leads to inhibitors that exhibit little selectivity and substantial cross reactivity. This work investigates the conformational changes that accompany the binding of Gleevec, or imatinib mesylate, to the tyrosine kinases c-Kit and c-Abl. Our analysis is that this fit is driven, at least in part, by the need to exclude water from solvent-exposed backbone hydrogen bonds. Both experimental and molecular modeling studies of the active state inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase c-Abl indicate that solvent exclusion also plays a role in this system.
The Interaction between the Sexes

In Parts I and II, we considered the life table model along two dimensions, the stationary population/stable population dimension and the single state/multistate dimension. In Part III, we turn our attention to a third dimension, the one-sex population/two-sex population dimension.
Median nerve penetration by a persistent median artery and vein mimicking carpal tunnel syndrome.

Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common clinical syndrome seen in the outpatient setting that is easily confirmed by electrodiagnostic testing. Methods We describe the case of a patient who presented with the classic symptoms and neurological examination for CTS, but had a normal nerve conduction study and electromyogram. Results Neuromuscular ultrasound of the median nerve on the symptomatic side revealed penetration of the nerve by a persistent median artery and vein in the mid-forearm, with a positive sonographic Tinel sign over this spot. This finding is an anatomical variation that has been described sparingly in the literature, mostly in cadavers. It has not been reported previously to be a mimic of CTS. Conclusions This case demonstrates the diagnostic utility of neuromuscular ultrasound and the importance of considering an anatomical variation involving the median nerve in the differential diagnosis of CTS.
The precise timing of tachycardia entrainment is determined by the postpacing interval, the tachycardia cycle length, and the pacing rate: Theoretical insights and practical applications.

Background Previous observations have reported that the number of pacing stimuli required to entrain a tachycardia varies on the basis of arrhythmia type and location, but a quantitative formulation of the number needed to entrain (NNE) that unifies these observations has not been characterized. Objective We sought to investigate the relationship between the number of pacing stimulations, the tachycardia cycle length (TCL), the overdrive pacing cycle length (PCL), and the postpacing interval (PPI) to accurately estimate the timing of tachycardia entrainment. Methods First, we detailed a mathematical derivation unifying electrophysiological parameters with empirical confirmation in 2 patients undergoing catheter ablation of typical atrial flutter. Second, we validated our formula in 44 patients who underwent various catheter ablation procedures. For accuracy, we corrected for rate-related changes in conduction velocity. Results We derived the equations NNE=|(PPI − TCL)/(TCL − PCL)| + 1 and Tachycardia advancement=(NNE − 1) × (TCL − PCL) – (PPI − TCL), which state that the NNE and the amount of tachycardia advancement on the first resetting stimulation are determined using regularly measured intracardiac parameters. In the retrospective cohort, the observed PPI − TCL highly correlated with the predicted PPI − TCL (mean difference 5.8 ms; r = 0.97; P Conclusion The number of pacing stimulations required to entrain a reentrant tachycardia is predictable at any PCL after correcting for cycle length–dependent changes in conduction velocity. This relationship unifies established empirically derived diagnostic and mapping criteria for supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia. This relationship may help elucidate when antitachycardia pacing episodes are ineffective or proarrhythmic and could potentially serve as a theoretical basis to customize antitachycardia pacing settings for improved safety and effectiveness.
A significant drug-drug interaction detected through corneal examination: resolution of cornea verticillata while using amiodarone

Purpose To describe a patient with resolution of cornea verticillata while still using amiodarone as a result of a drug interaction lowering serum levels of amiodarone. Methods An 83-year-old retired physician with long-standing cornea verticillata was noted to have complete resolution of cornea verticillata on a routine follow-up eye examination. The patient reported complete compliance with using amiodarone daily, with no recent changes in dosage or formulation. Despite this, he reported a recent increase in the frequency of palpitations. He had recently started rifampin for treatment of tuberculosis. Results Serum amiodarone and desethylamiodarone levels were obtained and found to be below therapeutic range. After rifampin was discontinued, serum amiodarone and desethylamiodarone levels increased to a therapeutic range and cornea verticillata returned after 4 months. Conclusions In patients currently using amiodarone, clearing of cornea verticillata should alert the ophthalmologists to the possibility of decreased serum amiodarone levels.
DREAMing Big Understanding the Current Context of Academic and Career Decision-Making for Undocumented Students

Undocumented student immigrants in the United States face substantial challenges in higher education including systemic, institutional, and cultural barriers that often impede access to and success...
The Practical Detection of MMP-9 Diagnoses Ocular Surface Disease and May Help Prevent Its Complications

Purpose:To evaluate the importance and practicality of testing for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in dry eye and ocular surface disease. This enzyme, which can cause tissue damage, seems also to be the most reliable diagnostic indicator of ocular surface disease.Methods:Enzyme-linked immunosorbe
Regulating cell–cell junctions from A to Z

Epithelial sheets often present a "cobblestone" appearance, but the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of this arrangement are unclear. In this issue, Choi et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201506115) show that afadin and ZO-1 regulate tension and maintain zonula adherens architecture in response to changes in contractility.
In vivo animal SPECT imaging based on nonstandard HRT scan schemes

Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are key components in molecular imaging due to their functional imaging and high detection sensitivity. A small animal SPECT system was developed based on a fixed commercial animal PET scanner and a slit-slat collimator insert. In vivo animal imaging is possible with a class of non-conventional scanning schemes using a hybrid of limited-angle rotational and translational movements of the imaging object (HRT scheme). The sampling completeness and sampling uniformity were used to characterize the performance for varied positions of the imaging object using ten different HRT schemes which were combinations of 2 translational modes and 5 rotational modes. SPECT imaging studies were performed with simulated Monte Carlo data to evaluate these 10 schemes. Theoretical results and the Monte Carlo imaging results show no image quality loss when compared to a conventional rotation scan scheme.
Medical Applications of the Computer: Part I

The impact of computer science on many aspects of medicine is just now beginning to be felt. What can computers do and what are their limitations? This is the question that Dr. Barron will attempt to answer in two articles. The first of these discusses some of the basic principles of computer function and prepares for a specific elaboration of computer capability in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine.
Association of P53 nuclear overexpression and tumor progression in carcinoma in situ of the bladder.

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence and clinical relevance of p53 nuclear overexpression, as detected by antibody PAb1801 and immunohistochemistry, in 33 patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Median followup was 124 months. Disease progressed in 16 patients (48%) during followup. The association between p53 nuclear overexpression and tumor progression was assessed by multivariate analysis, controlling for possible confounding variables, such as patient age and sex, presence of associated stage Ta bladder tumor and adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Patients were stratified into 2 groups according to the per cent of tumor cells displaying p53 nuclear overexpression: group 1—18 with less than 20% tumor cells positive and group 2—15 with 20% or more tumor cells positive. Disease progressed in 3 patients (16.7%) in group 1 and in 13 (86.7%) in group 2 (p <0.0001). Detection of p53 nuclear overexpression in 20% or more tumor cells was the only independent marker of tumor progression in uni...
Karl Polanyi, Democracy and the Global System

This chapter seeks to shed light on the relationship between the global system and democratic governance through an assessment of the contributions made by Karl Polanyi in his classic account of the historical origins of modernity.144 In particular, his analytical emphasis on the role of ideology in the forging of modernity serves to counter the assumption of rationality — individual, social and international — associated with liberal internationalist views of the emergence of democracy and its worldwide spread. This chapter suggests that the concept of ‘world-historical-time’, which is designed to incorporate the salience of the global ideological dimension for socio-economic and political change is an important tool of analysis even if Polanyi does not employ the specific term. Similarly, the overarching analytical concept of ‘uneven and combined development’ is suggested here as an addition to Polanyi’s theoretical structure though, again, his cogent arguments on the tensions and contradictions of capitalism and the contingency of its international and domestic consequences serves to highlight the weakness of unilinear models of socio-economic and political development quite brilliantly.
What Did the Butler See in ‘What the Butler Saw’?

What the Butler Saw (written in 1967 and produced posthumously in 1969) is, of course, a farce without a butler, which should more properly have been called What the Butler Might Have Seen had there been a butler and had he been privileged to oversee the strange goings-on in Dr Prentice’s private clinic. We need the invisible butler in What the Butler Saw as a stand-in for the cosy and complacent amenities of upper-middle-class drawing-room life. Incidentally, Orton saw a butler for the first time in his life on 24 January 1967, when he visited the Beatles, well after the first draft of this play was written (Lahr, p. 245).
Fission Produced 99Mo without a Nuclear Reactor

Molybdenum-99, the parent of the widely used medical isotope 99mTc, is currently produced by irradiation of enriched uranium in nuclear reactors. The supply of this isotope is encumbered by the aging of these reactors and concerns about international transportation and nuclear proliferation. Methods: We report results for the production of 99Mo from the accelerator-driven subcritical fission of an aqueous solution containing low enriched uranium. The predominately fast neutrons generated by impinging high-energy electrons onto a tantalum convertor are moderated to thermal energies to increase fission processes. The separation, recovery, and purification of 99Mo were demonstrated at the pilot scale using a recycled uranyl sulfate solution. Results and Conclusion: The 99Mo yield and purity were found to be unaffected by reuse of the previously irradiated and processed uranyl sulfate solution. Results from a 51.8 Gbq 99Mo production run are presented.
Precise manipulation of biophysical particle parameters enables control of proinflammatory cytokine production in presence of TLR 3 and 4 ligands.

Abstract The biophysical parameters governing nanoparticle (NP)-cell interactions significantly affect biological responses, particularly in the application of NP-based immunotherapeutics. Modulation of the surface biophysical character of NPs can be achieved via introduction of amino acids, which offer the ability to fine tune a range of biophysical parameters of interest. We employed this approach using monodisperse silica NPs coated with numerous poly(amino acid)s (PAAs). The NPs were incubated with dendritic cells (DCs) in conjunction with TLR ligands and production of IL-1β from DCs and IFNγ from T cells primed by these DCs were measured. These key cytokines can prognosticate the efficacy of the NP platform as a potential vaccine or active cellular immunotherapy carrier. IL-1β production showed a correlation with both NP size and degree of hydrophobicity. High IFNγ secretion from T cells was shown to be correlated with both the hydrophobicity and charge of the NPs used to activate the DCs. Other cytokines were also screened in order to compare the immune responses. The results of this study highlight the importance of nanoparticle biophysical parameters and the selection of TLR ligands to the rational design of nanoparticle-based vaccines and immunotherapies. Statement of Significance The manuscript describes a systematic investigation into the effects of biophysical parameters of nanoparticles (NPs) on immune cells. Modulation of the biophysical character of the NP surface can be achieved by introduction of amino acids on monodisperse silica NPs, introducing a range of tunable biophysical parameters of interest, i.e. distinct sizes, different surface charges and varying degrees of surface hydrophobicity. We examine internalization of the NP in dendritic cells (DCs) and measure a myriad of cytokines, including IL-1β and IFNγ, which prognosticate the efficacy of the NPs as a potential vaccine (IL-1β metric) or active cellular immunotherapy carrier (IFNγ metric). Two different TLR ligands (a viral TLR3 ligand and a bacterial TLR4 ligand) were used along with the PAA NPs to compare their costimulatory immunogenicity. We strongly believe that this study will provide crucial information to many readers of Acta Biomaterialia and further drive the use of nanoparticle platforms in modulating immune responses.
Multiscale Dynamics of Lipid Membranes from Femtoseconds to Milliseconds: Insights from Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy

Lipids membranes are more than simply a hydrophobic solvent for membrane proteins; a complex interplay between proteins and lipids is key to the regulation of many biological processes. At the heart of this interplay are the dynamics of the membrane itself; the wide range of time- and length-scales enables a relatively small toolbox of lipid functional groups to perform many roles. Here, we demonstrate that time-resolved Infrared (IR) spectroscopic studies can offer insight into the lipid dynamics over many of these time- and length-scales.By using the vibrational dynamics of the ester carbonyl stretching vibration in hydrated phosphocholine lipid bilayers as an intrinsic probe, we are able to measure a temporal correlation function for the local electric field fluctuations in the membrane. Our experimental data suggests the magnitude of these fluctuations to be >10MV/cm.The addition of the model ion channel Gramicidin D slows these dynamics by almost a factor of 4 but does not decrease their magnitude. Using MD simulations, we conclude that ultrafast local field fluctuations exist whether or not water interacts with the ester groups, however, water does accelerate the time-scale of these fluctuations.Temperature-jump relaxation experiments offer a route to studying dynamics beyond the vibrational lifetime of the ester carbonyl. Temperature jumps across the gel-fluid phase transition reveal that significant structural changes in the lipid occur on a 100ns timescale. When Gramicidin D is added to the sample, we observe that the protein monomer-dimer equilibrium adapts to structural changes in the lipid almost instantaneously.These IR spectroscopic studies paint a picture of an environment in flux. This dynamic nature of lipids suggests protein-lipid interactions need not be purely structural in nature - the rich temporal behavior of lipids must also be considered.
A targeted review of the neurobiology and genetics of behavioural addictions: an emerging area of research.

This review summarizes neurobiological and genetic findings in behavioral addictions, draws parallels with findings pertaining to substance use disorders and offers suggestions for future research. Articles concerning brain function, neurotransmitter activity and family history/genetics findings for behavioral addictions involving gambling, internet use, video game playing, shopping, kleptomania and sexual activity were reviewed. Behavioral addictions involve dysfunction in several brain regions, particularly the frontal cortex and striatum. Findings from imaging studies incorporating cognitive tasks have arguably been more consistent than cue-induction studies. Early results suggest white and gray matter differences. Neurochemical findings suggest roles for dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, but results from clinical trials seem more equivocal. While limited, family history/genetic data support heritability for pathological gambling and that those with behavioral addictions are more likely to have a close family member with some form of psychopathology. Parallels exist between neurobiological and genetic/family history findings in substance and non-substance addictions, suggesting that compulsive engagement in these behaviors may constitute addictions. Findings to date are limited, particularly for shopping, kleptomania and sexual behavior. Genetic understandings are at an early stage. Future research directions are offered.
The short-term stress response – Mother nature’s mechanism for enhancing protection and performance under conditions of threat, challenge, and opportunity

Our group has proposed that in contrast to chronic stress that can have harmful effects, the short-term (fight-or-flight) stress response (lasting for minutes to hours) is nature's fundamental survival mechanism that enhances protection and performance under conditions involving threat/challenge/opportunity. Short-term stress enhances innate/primary, adaptive/secondary, vaccine-induced, and anti-tumor immune responses, and post-surgical recovery. Mechanisms and mediators include stress hormones, dendritic cell, neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte trafficking/function and local/systemic chemokine and cytokine production. Short-term stress may also enhance mental/cognitive and physical performance through effects on brain, musculo-skeletal, and cardiovascular function, reappraisal of threat/anxiety, and training-induced stress-optimization. Therefore, short-term stress psychology/physiology could be harnessed to enhance immuno-protection, as well as mental and physical performance. This review aims to provide a conceptual framework and targets for further investigation of mechanisms and conditions under which the protective/adaptive aspects of short-term stress/exercise can be optimized/harnessed, and for developing pharmacological/biobehavioral interventions to enhance health/healing, and mental/cognitive/physical performance.
A systematic review of play-based interventions for students with ADHD: implications for school-based occupational therapists

ABSTRACTThe results are presented from a systematic review of the literature that examined findings of published studies about play-based interventions for children and youth with ADHD. Guided by t...
Broadband asymmetric wave transmission in dissipative acoustic/elastic metamaterials with diatomic oscillators

Asymmetric acoustic/elastic wave transmission have attracted increasingly attention recently. However, the propagation unidirectionality is always confined to a very narrow frequency band. This paper presents the development of a dissipative acoustic/elastic metamaterial with diatomic oscillators to realize “one-way” transmission in a broadband range. The effect of various types of dissipative oscillators on the asymmetric wave transmission is theoretically investigated and systematically discussed. By virtue of the surficial vibrational modes induced by the alternately arranged diatomic resonators and the merging effect of dissipative dashpot, the asymmetric transmission band is significantly broadened. Numerical results in frequency and time domains are verified using both lattice structures and continuum models. Preliminary experimental verification is further conducted. The broadband asymmetric transmission can be theoretically predicted and mathematically manipulated by careful design of the unit size parameters and deliberate selection of material properties, which could be potentially beneficial for applications in directional transducer and noise control.
Ethics, memoir, and medicine.

A responsible author of a physician memoir alters identifying features to protect patients while preserving crucial details, includes an author's note explaining the type of factual changes introduced, and shows relevant parts of the manuscript to those described within it to seek their consent to be written about.
Interpreting the Unusually Long Transient Signal in Photo-Excited Methyl Viologen in Water

The long-lived absorption observed in femtosecond transient absorption experiments at 295 nm when methyl viologen dication (MV 2+ ) is photo-excited in water at 266 nm has been assigned to a ground state MV 2+ /OH ion pair. While a 1.68 μs lifetime component is seen in the 240 – 320 nm region, no accompanying change in IR absorption is observed. The assignment as a MV 2+ /OH ion pair agrees with experiments showing that nitric acid quenches the long lived UV absorption. 1 Steady-state studies have produced the MV 2+ /OH ion pair and difference spectra closely match the transient absorption results. A Ketelaar plot has determined the binding constant for MV 2+ and a single hydroxide molecule to be 4.8 ± 4.2 x 10 -2 M -1 and the change in molar extinction coefficient at 295 nm to be 5500 ± 4900 M -1 cm -1 , but further experiments should be performed to analyze and validate these values. It is proposed that the mechanism by which photo-excited MV 2+ in water forms the MV 2+ /OH ion pair can be described as concerted proton coupled electron transfer.
A continuum model for damage evolution in laminated composites

The accumulation of matrix cracking is examined using continuum damage mechanics lamination theory. A phenomenologically based damage evolutionary relationship is proposed for matrix cracking in continuous fiber reinforced laminated composites. The use of material dependent properties and damage dependent laminate averaged ply stresses in this evolutionary relationship permits its application independently of the laminate stacking sequence. Several load histories are applied tocrossply laminates using this model and the results are compared to published experimental data. The stress redistribution among the plies during the accumulation of matrix damage is also examined. It is concluded that characteristics of the stress redistribution process could assist in the analysis of the progressive failure process in laminated composites.
Implementing Reversible Processes in Multi-agent Action Languages Using Answer Set Planning

This paper presents an implementation of the action language \(\mathcal{L}^{mt}\) in answer set programming. The novelty of this language comes from the use of processes to execute delayed effects for actions. In addition, the ability to reverse, or cancel, the processes is available. A simple example is introduced to show when reversing actions are useable - even by other agents in the domain. These processes are the base foundation for future implementation of commitments in planning for multi-agent domains.
Cross-Sectional Data and Right-Censored Data Combined

Consider the following general data structure. Let X1 (t), X2 (t) be two time-dependent processes, and let X(t) = (X1(t), X2(t)). Let R(t) = I(T ≤ t) be included in X2 (t), where T marks an endpoint such as death or a fixed potential follow-up time. The full data structure is defined as \( X = \overline X \left( t \right) = \left( {\overline {{X_1}} \left( T \right),{{\overline X }_2}\left( T \right)} \right), \) which includes observing T itself. Here \( \bar X\left( t \right) = \left( {X\left( s \right):s \leqslant t} \right) \) Suppose that the observed data structure is given by $$ Y = \left( {C,{X_1}\left( C \right),{{\overline X }_2}\left( C \right)} \right), $$ (4.1) where we define C ≡ ∞ if C > T, and X1(∞) is set to an arbitrary constant, so that the observation X1(∞) contains no information. In other words, if C T, then we observe \( \bar X\left( t \right) = \left( {X\left( s \right) \cdots \leqslant } \right) \) Given a particular full data model M F such as the generalized linear regression model, multiplicative intensity model, or nonparametric model, let μ = μ(F x ) be a parameter of interest defined on this full data model.
Recanalization of previously thrombosed type II endoleak with aneurysm sac expansion after systemic thrombolysis.

Abstract Patients who have undergone endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) need lifelong monitoring because of the risk of aneurysm rupture secondary to delayed endoleaks. Thrombolytic therapy may expose patients with previous EVAR to the risk for development of new endoleaks. We describe a case in which a single dose of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke was complicated by aneurysm sac expansion secondary to a recurrent endoleak. The potential for a life-threatening complication may warrant routine imaging evaluation of the stent graft after systemic tissue plasminogen activator therapy for acute ischemic stroke in patients with previous EVAR.
Estimation of movement and mortality of Atlantic menhaden during 1966–1969 using a Bayesian multi-state mark-recovery model

Abstract Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus is an economically and ecologically important forage fish targeted by large-scale commercial reduction and bait fisheries. In the late 1960s, the National Marine Fisheries Service conducted a mark-recovery study in which they tagged over one million adult Atlantic Menhaden. Mark-recapture models at the time did not allow for estimation of movement rates. Our objective was to reanalyze these data to simultaneously estimate natural mortality, fishing mortality, and movement probability during 1966–1969. We developed a Bayesian version of the Brownie model that incorporated fishing mortality, natural mortality, and movement among four regions of the northwest Atlantic continental shelf ecosystem at a monthly time step. The model also accounted for both tag loss and tag detection probability. During May-June, an estimated 91% of Atlantic Menhaden from North and South Carolina moved northwards. Atlantic Menhaden largely remained within the same coastal region from June to October. In the winter, an estimated 55% of the tagged sample north of the Chesapeake Bay moved southward to the Chesapeake Bay and North and South Carolina. However, the fraction of the tagged sample undertaking these movements was substantially smaller than previously described. The estimated instantaneous natural mortality rate, 1.17 yr−1 (1.09–1.23 yr−1, 95% CI), was greater than previously reported. Instantaneous fishing mortality was spatially and temporally variable and as high as 1.74 yr−1 in North and South Carolina during 1967. Understanding the historical seasonal spatial dynamics of this stock will improve contemporary survey design and management, as these dynamics may persist today.
An overview of the unique challenges facing African-American breast cancer survivors.

The existence of cancer disparities is well known. Focus on alleviating such disparities centers on diagnosis, treatment, and mortality. This review surveyed current knowledge of health disparities that exist in the acute survivorship period (immediately following diagnosis and treatment) and their contributors, particularly for African-American breast cancer survivors (AA-BCS). Utilizing the ASCO four components of survivorship care, we explore disparities in surveillance and effects of cancer and therapies that AA-BCS face within the acute survivorship period (the years immediately following diagnosis). A literature review of PUBMED, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify articles related to AA-BCS acute survivorship. The search yielded 97 articles. Of the 97 articles, 38 articles met inclusion criteria. AA-BCS experience disparate survivorship care, which negatively impacts quality of life and health outcomes. Challenges exist in surveillance, interventions for late effects (e.g., quality-of-life outcomes, cardiotoxicity, and cognitive changes), preventing recurrence with promotion of healthy living, and coordinating care among the healthcare team. This overview identified current knowledge on the challenges in survivorship among AA-BCS. Barriers to optimal survivorship care inhibit progress in eliminating breast cancer disparities. Research addressing best practices for survivorship care is needed for this population. Implementation of culturally tailored care may reduce breast cancer disparities among AA-BCS.
Introduction: Raiding Russia

This study considers predatory raiders in the context of zoomorphism, the shaping of something in animal form or terms, and juxtaposes Soviet parasites against post-Soviet predators. The Russian predator, ascribed with animal characteristics, hunts for the most lucrative businesses, properties, and land. The introductory chapter outlines the problem of raiding, scholarly literature that exists on the topic, and presents the structure of this book that reflects the logic of inquiry into the matter of corporate hostile takeovers in Russia. Earlier chapters are conceptual, while the later ones are more practical. This study introduces the notion and concept of predatory raiding and suggests that it may serve as an explanatory model for corporate, property, and land raiding in Russia.
Fluid Overload and Management

Critically ill patients have a high amount of fluid exposure due to the nature of their illness. Fluids are the sine qua non of successful intensive care unit (ICU) support, facilitating resuscitation, medication delivery, and nutrition. Context specific risk factors make ICU patients very vulnerable to fluid accumulation and fluid overload. Timely recognition might offer opportunities for successful intervention to treat, reverse, or prevent fluid overload. In this chapter, we will provide a brief overview of pathophysiology and then offer the reader a pragmatic approach to assessment and treatment of fluid overload.
Don't Even Ask: Database Access Control through Query Control

This paper presents a vision and description for query control, which is a paradigm for database access control. In this model, individual queries are examined before being executed and are either allowed or denied by a pre-defined policy. Traditional view-based database access control requires the enforcer to view the query, the records, or both. That may present difficulty when the enforcer is not allowed to view database contents or the query itself. This discussion of query control arises from our experience with privacy-preserving encrypted databases, in which no single entity learns both the query and the database contents. Query control is also a good fit for enforcing rules and regulations that are not well-addressed by view-based access control. With the rise of federated database management systems, we believe that new approaches to access control will be increasingly important.
Selecting an extraction solvent for a greener liquid phase microextraction (LPME) mode-based analytical method

Abstract Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) has become an increasingly important tool for environmental, pharmaceutical, food, clinical and industrial analysis laboratories. LPME (also referred to as solvent microextraction, SME) consists of three major micro solvent extraction modes, single drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), each of which has unique extraction solvent requirements. LPME, with greatly reduced solvent requirements compared to traditional extraction and purification techniques, fulfills the requirements for classification as a green analytical chemistry (GAC) procedure. However, this designation also requires appropriate selections of extraction solvents and appropriate waste recycling and disposal to be fully classified as green. This review addresses the GAC solvent requirements for LPME modes, in part based on published industrial and analytical solvent selection guides (SSGs).
Equation of state and phase evolution of U-7.7Nb with implications for the understanding of dynamic behavior of U-Nb alloys

In this work, we conducted in-situ high P-T neutron diffraction experiments on U-7.7Nb. Our results show that the tetragonal γo phase is substantially more compressible than the monoclinic α′′ phase. As the pressure increases, this leads to increased volume collapse and stress relaxation for the reverse martensitic transformation, α′′ → γo. At moderately elevated temperatures, a substantial strain-induced stabilization against transformation into a body centered cubic γ phase was observed in the γo phase. We also found that the ability to retain the metastable γ phase, formed from rapid heating of thermally reset γo, has subtle dependence on the austenitization temperature. The present findings provide a direct test for the hypotheses proposed to explain the low-pressure shock behaviors of the U-Nb alloys.In this work, we conducted in-situ high P-T neutron diffraction experiments on U-7.7Nb. Our results show that the tetragonal γo phase is substantially more compressible than the monoclinic α′′ phase. As the pressure increases, this leads to increased volume collapse and stress relaxation for the reverse martensitic transformation, α′′ → γo. At moderately elevated temperatures, a substantial strain-induced stabilization against transformation into a body centered cubic γ phase was observed in the γo phase. We also found that the ability to retain the metastable γ phase, formed from rapid heating of thermally reset γo, has subtle dependence on the austenitization temperature. The present findings provide a direct test for the hypotheses proposed to explain the low-pressure shock behaviors of the U-Nb alloys.
Correlation of Cephalometric Analyses With Clinical Impression in Orthognathic Surgery Patients: Harvold and Steiner Analyses

Purpose A variety of linear (Harvold) and angular (Steiner) cephalometric analyses are used to identify the skeletal basis for a malocclusion; there is no universally accepted standard. The purpose of this study was to compare the concordance of Harvold and Steiner analyses with the clinicians' impression of maxillary and mandibular jaw position. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2012 through 2016. Patients were included if they had symmetrical deformities not related to trauma, clefts, or syndromes; complete records; and a clinical diagnosis documented at initial consultation. The predictor variables were Harvold- and Steiner-derived diagnoses of jaw position (hypoplasia, neutral, or hyperplasia). The outcome variables were maxillary and mandibular clinical impressions (hypoplasia, neutral, or hyperplasia). The concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value relative to clinical diagnoses were calculated. Results During the study period 388 patients had orthognathic surgery and 222(112 females, mean age 26.4±9.9 years) met the inclusion criteria. Harvold and Steiner analyses were 82% and 33% concordant with the maxillary clinical impression, respectively (P Conclusions Harvold analysis was significantly more consistent with the clinical impression of the maxillary and mandibular sagittal position than Steiner analysis. Both analyses were highly specific and had high PPVs to confirm the clinical impression. Clinicians should consider incorporating Harvold analysis during treatment planning for orthognathic surgery.
The Olympic Games' impact on South Korea's image

Abstract This study tracked the change in South Korea's image due to hosting a mega event. Americans' perceptions of South Korea were measured before, during, and at four points in time after the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. The findings revealed no significant changes in country image, destination image, or Olympics image over time. This may indicate no influence of the Olympic Games, against the common expectation, or a missed opportunity of taking advantage of this mega event properly, using all possible media channels. Destination marketing organizations need to consider both of these indications in their decisions to bid for mega events.
Voice Telephony for Individuals with Hearing Loss: The Effects of Audio Bandwidth, Bit Rate and Packet Loss

This paper describes three studies conducted with a total of 114 individuals with hearing loss and 12 hearing controls, with the goal of investigating the impact of audio quality parameters on the accessibility of voice telecommunications. Three categories of parameters are covered: (1) narrowband (NB) versus wideband (WB) audio; (2) encoding audio at varying bit rates, ranging from typical rates used in today's telecom networks to the highest quality supported by these audio codecs; and (3) absence of packet loss to worst-case packet loss in VoIP telephony. With WB audio, individuals with hearing loss exhibit better speech recognition, expend less perceived mental effort, and rate speech quality higher than with NB audio. Bit rate affects speech recognition for NB audio, and speech quality ratings for both NB and WB audio. Packet loss affects all of speech recognition, mental effort, and speech quality ratings. WB versus NB audio also affects hearing individuals, especially under packet loss.
Discrimination, Legal Costs and Reputational Costs

This study seeks to answer three related questions about costs of the mis-management of diversity: 1. What are the outcomes of lawsuits when firms are accused of racial or gender discrimination, including the legal costs when found guilty? 2. What are firms' stock price reactions to racial and gender discrimination lawsuits? 3. Do firms sued for racial or gender discrimination experience reputational losses; that is, do firms lose market value over and above the expected legal costs of the lawsuit? First, we analyze 1,240 racial or gender discrimination lawsuits and find that the damages paid by firms found liable in these lawsuits averaged $293,000 in the 10 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1991 (CRA91), and $1.0 million in the 10 years after CRA91. Gender discrimination lawsuits have a higher plaintiff verdict success rate than racial discrimination lawsuits. Regressions indicate that after controlling for other independent variables, the damages paid by firms in discrimination lawsuits are positively associated with size of firm, gender lawsuit (compared to race), and post-CRA91. Second, we find statistically significant negative price reactions to the announcement of gender discrimination lawsuits and private class action lawsuits, but not for racial discrimination lawsuits and EEOC lawsuits. Third, we estimate reputational costs of the lawsuit: the loss in the market value of the firm's equity when the lawsuit is announced less the predicted legal costs of the lawsuit. Our results imply that at least for publicly traded companies, discrimination charges can lead to both reputational and legal costs; and thus managers should be concerned with minimizing both. In addition, optimal public policy includes considering these nonlegal costs as part of the penalty to defendant firms in discrimination lawsuits.
Abnormal Analysis and Prevention of 220 kV Inverted Oil-immersed Current Transformer Metal Expander

this article details the abnormal fault conditions of a 220kV inverted current transformer. During the operation and maintenance process, the current transformer found abnormal deformation of the top expander and abnormal infrared temperature measurement, and then analyzed through experiments to give preliminary analysis results. After the disintegration inspection, the suspected fault point was found, and it was speculated that the capacitor screen was broken during the manufacturing process, resulting in continuous low-energy partial discharge of the device under long-term operation conditions. Such faults are often difficult to find in the factory test and handover test, and only occur under long-term operating conditions, and the fault occurrence time is concentrated in the winter and spring alternate seasons. This paper analyzes the cause of the fault by a 220kV current transformer test and the case of returning to the factory, and puts forward reasonable operation and maintenance suggestions, and puts forward some suggestions for the operation and maintenance of the current transformer.
Predictive factors of quality of life among systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Thailand: a web-based cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to assess mental health status (depression, anxiety, and stress) and explore factors associated with the disease-specific quality of life among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients in Thailand. This cross-sectional study used an online convenience sampling of 650 SLE patients who were registered members of the Thailand SLE Club. The study survey comprised of demographic information, health history, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), and Lupus Quality of Life Scale (LupusQoL). The survey response rate was 61.2%. Out of 344 respondents, most were female (96.9%). The scores were suggestive of the presence of mild depression and stress, but moderate anxiety. The higher depression, anxiety, and stress levels were associated with lower education and income (r = − .14 to − .29, p < .01) and higher number of SLE symptoms (r = .17 to .33, p < .05). Better quality of life was significantly related to lower number of symptoms, lower levels of stress/anxiety/depression, higher education, and better income. Also, the longer the patients were kept out of the hospital (last hospitalization), the better their quality of life. By using hierarchical multiple regression, four predictors of the quality of life were identified; the number of symptoms, stress, anxiety, and depression. These predictors combined explained 51% of the variance, F(5,108) = 24.34, p < .001, adjusted R2 = .51. To improve the quality of life, SLE patients should focus on self-management of their symptoms. Health care providers should include SLE self-care health education in the plan of care. They also should use multidisciplinary approach in order to provide holistic treatment, including psychological care.
How to Dynamically Incentivize Sufficient Level of IoT Security.

This paper propose an incentive mechanism to secure large numbers of devices through the use of insurance based on smart contracts. It consists of the automated security evaluation of enterprise IoT devices and the creation of a dynamic insurance premium. To automate the security evaluation of enterprise IoT devices, we collect and store IoT device status data with privacy preservation on blockchain. Then, we track and assess the risk associated with IoT devices with the use of a smart contract. By monitoring this risk over time, we present a means to incentivize the resolution of vulnerabilities by measuring the latent risk in an environment as well as the vigilance of the devices’ managers in resolving these vulnerabilities. In this way, we produce a dynamic cyber insurance premium that more accurately captures the risk profile associated with an environment than existing cyber insurance. Through the use blockchain and smart contracts, this framework also provides public verification for both insured and insurer and provides a level of risk management for the insurer. We also present regulatory considerations in order for this scheme to meet supervisory requirements.