cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU‐E‐T‐576: Evaluation of Patient Specific VMAT QA Using Dynalog Files and Treatment Planning System

Purpose: This research investigates the use of Mult-ileaf Collimator (MLC) dynalog files to modify a Volumetric Arc Therapy (VMAT) DICOM Radiotherapy Treatment file from the Treatment Planning System (TPS) for quality assurance and treatment plan verification. Methods: Actual MLC positions and gantry angles where retrieved from the MLC Dynalog files of an approved and treated VMAT plan. The treatment machine used was a Novalis TX linac equipped with high definition MLC. The DICOM RT file of the plan was exported from the TPS (Eclipse, Varian Medical Systems) and the actual MLC leaf positions and gantry angles were inserted in place of the planned positions for each control point. The modified DICOM RT file was then imported back into the TPS where dose calculations were performed. The resulting dose distributions were then exported to VeriSoft (PTW) where a 3D gamma was calculated using 3mm-3% and 2mm-2% criteria. A 2D gamma was also calculated using dose measurements on the Delta4 (Sandidose) phantom. Results: A 3D gamma was calculated in Verisoft at 3mm-3% of 99.5% and at 2mm-2% of 99.2%. The pretreatment verification on the Delta4 yielded a 2D gamma at 3mm-3% of 97.9% and at 2mm-2% of 88.5%. The dose volume histogramsmore » of the approved plan and the dynalog plan are virtually identical. Conclusion: Initial results show good agreement of the dynalog dose distribution with the approved plan. Future work on this research will aim to increase the number of patients and replace the planned fractionated dose per control point with the actual fractionated dose.« less
How Entrepreneurs Think: Why Effectuation and Effectual Logic May be the Key to Successful Enterprise Entrepreneurship

Recent research into effectuation and effectual logic show that entrepreneurs think and make decisions dramatically different than typical enterprise managers. One of the major issues in applying entrepreneurship and innovation to corporations is likely the misunderstanding and failed application of these core concepts to management practices. Thus, those studying intrapreneurship and innovation would find great value from this paper's discussion of effectuation and effectual logic as it explains its major differences between entrepreneurs and typical enterprise manager views as they pertain to: Goal setting, risk taking, resource selection and gathering, dealing with setbacks, building networks, and management control. To dive deeper into these valuable concepts, effectuation and its core principles were applied to the product development process and systems development process. This includes applying them to: Screening of ideas, business analysis, development, product validation, and the market launches...
Integrating computing and information on Grids

We look in depth at some of the different capabilities Grids must support. However, because there are several definitions of Grids, we adopt two views of them: those that support e-Science and those that provide an infrastructure with the ability to dynamically link managed resources. These descriptions emphasize a high-level user requirement and the system capability, respectively. We are integrating resources, managing them, and using them to support distributed collaborative engineering and science. Grids must embrace multiple heterogeneous resources and then integrate them. We discuss how this requires the meeting of three worlds: computers, databases, and sensors.
Implementation and impact of pharmacist led medication reconciliation and patient education at discharge from an inpatient behavioral health unit

Transitions of care during a hospitalization, including admission, transfers between units, and discharge are critical processes for medication safety and areas where pharmacy can contribute. Medication discrepancies have a significant impact on patient outcomes and both The Joint Commission (TJC) and the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) have recognized the importance of medication reconciliation in preventing these discrepancies. In 2005, The Joint Commission made medication reconciliation a component of one of its Hospital National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG.08.01.01). Implementation challenges resulted in its suspension in 2009 and 2010 for revision. A modified goal was released in 2011 (NPSG.03.06.01) after a comprehensive review of published literature and available data. Official scoring of the goal started in July 2011.
Toward a Quantitative Theory of Ultrasmall Liquid Droplets and Vapor-Liquid Nucleation

Thermodynamic properties of small systems can be drastically different from those corresponding to their macroscopic counterparts due to the surface and fluctuation effects. While the equations of state for macroscopic systems are well advanced, quantitative predictions of the structural and thermodynamic properties of small systems from a molecular perspective remain a daunting challenge. This article illustrates applications of a nonmean-field density functional theory to two types of ultrasmall liquid droplets: one is stabilized in a container of finite size and the other is unstable as appeared during vapor—liquid nucleation. For small systems of simple fluids represented by the Lennard-Jones model, theoretical predictions are compared with results from molecular simulations for the microscopic structure, the droplet size, and the free energy of formation over a broad range of conditions. The numerical agreement of theory with simulation data is comparable to that for the corresponding macroscopic sys...
Metabolic Crisis After Traumatic Brain Injury is Associated with a Novel Microdialysis Proteome

Background To examine if the metabolic distress after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a unique proteome.
Assessment of adult attitudes towards continuing education

(1988). Assessment of adult attitudes towards continuing education. International Journal of Lifelong Education: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 197-204.
COMPARISON OF SCHOOL ATTITUDES FOR STUDENTS INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED AND OUTSTANDING IN FINE AND PERFORMNG ARTS IN GRADES 4 TO 6

The School Attitude Measure was administered to 104 intellectually gifted and talented students in Grades 4 through 6. With only three exceptions, each percentile score was above the 50th percentile. Results suggest a positive relationship between cognitive ability and attitudes toward school which is weaker for the talented group than for the intellectually gifted.
Extracellular Matrix and Integrin Interactions in the Skeletal Responses to Mechanical Loading and Unloading

The adaptation of the skeleton to changes in mechanical loading depends on the ability of bone cells first to detect then to convert diverse mechanical forces into chemical signals that regulate cell behavior, a process known as mechanotransduction. A network of interactions between the extracellular matrix, integrin receptors that span the cell membrane, and intracellular cytoskeletal and signaling elements participates in mechanotransduction along with other proteins, most notably ion channels. Integrins are a family of heterodimeric proteins with binding specificity for extracellular matrix proteins, and the ability to influence cell behavior via various key effector functions in addition to mechanotransduction, including adhesion, motility, differentiation, proliferation, survival, and gene expression. The vast majority of what we know now about the relevance of extracellular matrix–integrin interactions for mechanical loading is based on evidence gathered from cells in culture, although the increasing use of animal models confirm the relevance of this network both in health and disease. Dissecting the integrin-extracellular matrix pathway provides mechanistic insight into skeletal changes during loading, distraction osteogenesis, and musculoskeletal disuse, and yields new therapeutic strategies both to inhibit bone resorption and improve the integration and survival of bone and dental implants.
Experimental studies of noise autocorrelation in thin film media

Noise voltage autocorrelation in thin film media has been experimentally studied in the time domain. Unlike a spectral measurement, the time domain noise autocorrelation function provides a good characterization of nonstationary noise that is particularly useful for thin film media. A measurement technique is developed to eliminate the noise due to the lack of noise-free timing reference. An empirical eigenfunction expansion is applied to the measured noise autocorrelation matrix to identify possible physical mechanisms for the noise modes and eliminate alignment jitter. The noise autocorrelation function is reconstructed by using only the leading noise modes. >
Renal redox response to normal pregnancy in the rat

Normal pregnancy involves increased renal sodium reabsorption, metabolism, and oxygen consumption, which can cause increased oxidative stress (OS). OS can decrease nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability...
Gender, Care Work, and the Complexity of Family Membership in Japan

This research investigates sociological ambivalence in negotiating care work in Japanese families. Women and their aging parents experience ambivalence based on conflicting norms of filial obligation, gender ideology, and cultural beliefs about the parent—child bond. Analysis of in-depth interview data showed ambivalence was based on (1) conflict between norms and cultural beliefs and (2) intergenerational differences in norms of caregiving. Not only are norms of care work in Japan gendered, but they also create conflicting demands for women who are torn among providing care for their parents, providing care for their in-laws, and changing expectations for women in contemporary Japan. In the families studied, norms of filial obligation were challenged, but gendered definitions of care work were left largely intact. These findings challenge theories of elder care that identify a hierarchy of preferred caregivers based on filial obligation and gender.
Methane cycling in the sediments of Lake Washington

Aerobic oxidation is important in the cycling of methane in the sediments of Lake Washington. About half of the methane flux from depth is oxidized to CO, in the upper 0.7 cm of the sediments and the remainder escapes into the water column. In terms of the total carbon budget of the lake, the upward flux of methane is insignificant with only about 2% of the carbon fixed by primary production being returned as methane. The upward flux of methane, however, does represent about 20% of the organic carbon decomposed within the sediments. In addition, methane oxidation consumes 7-10% of the total oxygen
Analysis of Methylglyoxal Metabolism in CHO Cells Grown in Culture.

Recent evidence suggests that several unknown or ill-characterized factors strongly influence cell growth and function in culture. Isolating these factors is necessary in order to maximize culture productivities. Methylglyoxal (MG), a potent protein and nucleic acid modifying agent, has been identified as a player in the signaling pathways associated with cell death and is known to be detrimental to cultured cells. This compound is produced in all mammalian systems by spontaneous phosphate elimination from glycolytic pathway intermediates. A kinetic model that qualitatively describes the cellular distribution of protein-associated MG in the absence of enzymatic adduct formation predicted far lower levels of reversibly bound MG than measured in cultured CHO cells. This suggests that the targeted modification of proteins through enzymatically mediated mechanisms is a significant sink for cellular methylglyoxal. The model was validated with measurements of carbon flux through the glyoxalase pathway to d-lactic acid, a unique end product of MG metabolism in mammalian systems. Fluxes to d-lactic acid of up to 16.8 mmol ml-packed cells−1 day−1 were measured with CHO cells grown in batch culture or 100-fold more than found in normal tissues.
Local Relationship Between the Ovary and Uterus of Rats and Guinea Pigs1

The nongravid uterus limits the life span of corpora lutea in both guinea pigs and rats. Experiments with these 2 species demonstrate that this effect has a local component which is dependent upon the normal physical connections between the uterine horn and ovary, that the amount of uterine tissue is inversely related to length of luteal persistence, and that in rats a nongravid uterine horn does not interfere with pregnancy in the other horn. Removal of one uterine horn in guinea pigs on day 5 of the estrous cycle extended the life span of corpora lutea only in the ovary on the operated side. Cutting all physical connections between an ovary and adjacent uterine horn, without removing any tissue, had a similar effect. In rats, cutting all connections between the uterine horn and ovary on one or both sides lengthened pseudopregnancy (15.7 and 18.5 days, respectively, vs. 14.0 days in controls). Removal of the anterior or posterior half of one uterine horn was equally effective in lengthening pseudopregnan...
Simulation in Pediatrics: The Reliability and Validity of a Multiscenario Assessment

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to develop an inventory of simulated scenarios that mimic pediatric crises and determine if the resident scores could be used to establish the reliability and validity of a multiple-scenario assessment. The long-term objective is to provide pediatric residents with experiences in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of a range of simulated acute conditions. METHODS: Twenty scenarios were constructed. Each resident participated in 10 scenarios that were scored by 2 independent raters using an action-item checklist and a global score. Debriefing occurred after each scenario. Several analyses were performed to investigate the psychometric adequacy of the scores. RESULTS: Twenty-nine residents participated. The residents' scores in both sets of 10 scenarios were reliable when using either the checklist or global scoring method (>0.79). Generalizability analyses indicated that the major source of variance in scores was attributable to the scenario and scenario-resident interaction. The variance attributable to the rater was low, yielding high interrater reliability values. The more-experienced residents who participated in the study outperformed the less-experienced interns. CONCLUSIONS: An inventory of critical events was designed to assess pediatric residents' diagnostic and management skills. A reliable measure of ability could be obtained, provided the residents managed multiple scenarios. The residents outscored the interns, providing evidence to support the construct validity of the scores. Additional validity evidence is needed, including studies to determine if this type of training improves physicians' management of real-life critical events.
Alterations in maternal plasma corticosterone levels following treatment with phenytoin.

Abstract The mechanisms of the embryotoxic effects of the anticon vulsant drug, phenytoin (PHT), are unknown. Glucocorticoids and PHT demonstrate similar embryopathic effects and strain sensitivity in that A J mice are very sensitive to the embryopathic effects of synthetic glucocorticoids and PHT while C67BL 6 (B6) mice are comparatively resistant to both. It is possible that teratogenic consequences of PHT are not a result of drug interaction at the target site but are mediated indirectly by glucocorticoids. In this study, PHT was administered by intraperitoneal injection at 25 (a nonteratogenic dose) or 75 mg/kg body weight (a teratogenic dose) to pregnant A J mice on Day 10 of gestation. Mice of the B6 strain received the drug at 75 mg/kg on Day 10. Control mice received vehicle (pH 11.0 distilled water). Dams were killed at various times after the injection; plasma samples were obtained, and corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. In control animals, maternal plasma corticosterone levels were elevated soon after dosing but gradually declined, except for an apparent circadian rhythm effect seen in samples obtained in the afternoon. Administration of a nonteratogenic dose of PHT to A J mice caused a temporary increase in plasma corticosterone levels which decreased to the control level between 6 and 24 hr following dosing. Treatment with a teratogenic dose in A J mice led to plasma levels that remained elevated for the entire 48-hr period examined in this study. In B6 mice, treatment with 75 mg/kg increased plasma corticosterone levels for 24 hr, after which they declined to the control value by 30 hr. The adrenal corticosteroid response of A J mice to PHT appeared to be much more sensitive than that of B6 mice, and there appeared to be a relationship between plasma levels of PHT and corticosterone. The lengthy increase in plasma corticosterone during organogenesis may be a factor in the increased incidence of cleft lip and palate seen after administration of PHT to A J mice.
Sampling-theory analysis of spatial vision

Spatial-vision research has been largely concerned with measuring and understanding the consequences of receptive-field properties measured by single-unit recording. However, in order to understand spatial-information processing in the visual system, it is equally essential to know the densities and the distribution patterns of the receptive fields. If the receptive fields are not arrayed properly across the visual field, spatial information will be lost. It has been argued, on the basis of the Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem, that the receptors of the fovea sample the retinal image at a high enough rate to preserve essentially all the available spatial information. In this paper we show how two-dimensional sampling theory can be used to determine which combinations of receptive-field shapes and sampling patterns would preserve all spatial information from the receptors. This analysis will prove useful for determining, in conjunction with electrophysiological and anatomical evidence, what spatial information is or is not being transmitted by a given stage of the visual pathway. It may also prove useful for developing and testing theories of spatial vision.
Effects of native language on perception of voice quality

Abstract Little is known about how listeners judge phonemic versus allophonic (or freely varying) versus post-lexical variations in voice quality, or about which acoustic attributes serve as perceptual cues in specific contexts. To address this issue, native speakers of Gujarati, Thai, and English discriminated among pairs of voices that differed only in the relative amplitudes of the first versus second harmonics (H1–H2). Results indicate that speakers of Gujarati (which contrasts H1–H2 phonemically) were more sensitive to changes than are speakers of Thai or English. Further, sensitivity was not affected by the overall source spectral slope for Gujarati speakers, unlike Thai and English speakers, who were most sensitive when the spectrum fell away steeply. In combination with previous findings from Mandarin speakers, these results suggest a continuum of sensitivity to H1–H2. In Gujarati, the independence of sensitivity and spectral context is consistent with use of H1–H2 as a cue to the language's phonemic phonation contrast. Speakers of Mandarin, in which creaky phonation occurs in conjunction with the low-dipping Tone 3, apparently also learn to hear these contrasts, but sensitivity is conditioned by spectral context. Finally, for Thai and English speakers, who vary phonation only post-lexically, sensitivity is both lower and contextually determined, reflecting the smaller role of H1–H2 in these languages.
SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND L2: State of the Art

This article considers the implications of two central constructs of sociocultural theory (SCT) for second language (L2) development: mediation and internalization. It first discusses Vygotsky's general theoretical claim that human mental activity arises as a consequence of the functional system formed by our biologically specified mental capacities and our culturally constructed symbolic artifacts. It then examines some of the L2 research that has investigated the extent to which L2 users are able to deploy their new language for cognitive mediation. Specific attention is given to the mediational function of L2 private speech and to the synchronization of gestures and speech from the perspective of Slobin's thinking for speaking framework, a framework that interfaces quite well with Vygotsky's theory. The second general topic addressed, internalization, is intimately connected to the first. It is argued that internalization of the features of a L2 takes place through imitation, especially as occurs in private speech. Imitation, based on recent neuroscience and child development research, is seen as an intentional and potentially transformative process rather than as rote mimicking. The research documents that L2 children and adults rely on imitation in their private speech when they encounter new linguistic affordances. What remains to be established is the connection between the linguistic features of private speech and those deployed by L2 speakers in their social performance. Finally, the article proposes that the study of how L2 learners internalize and develop the capacity to use conceptual and associated linguistic knowledge should move to the forefront of SCT L2 research and argues that a productive way of realizing this agenda is through the union of SCT and cognitive linguistics.
Global and local analysis of fragmentation in a mountain region of Colorado

Abstract Although relationships between fragmentation of urban development and other forms of administrative and land cover fragmentation are important, they are poorly understood. This research aimed to better understand these relationships in order to inform land use planning in the Roaring Fork/Colorado River Corridor of Colorado. Change in fragmentation of urban development between 1985 and 1999 was modeled as a function of other forms of administrative and land cover fragmentation using two different regression specifications. While a standard “global” regression provided a good averaged model of change for the entire study area, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) demonstrated how the process changed locally over space. Results of the global regression showed that the intercept was close to zero and therefore the fragmentation of urban development was expected to be close to zero in the absence of other forms of fragmentation. Results of the GWR showed that the relationships between change in fragmentation of urban development and other fragmentation variables (initial edge density of urban development, edge density of public/private interface, farmland density and road density) varied significantly within the study area. By modeling this variation, GWR helped to identify ways to reduce fragmentation of urban development in two different regions of the study area. The analysis suggested that fragmentation of urban development in one area, Aspen–Basalt, was more strongly driven by amenity-related variables, while in the New Castle area fragmentation was more strongly driven by infrastructure-related variables. Ultimately, local analysis may help fine-tune “one-size-fits-all” land use polices for specific regions.
The 12 July 1995 Pinellas County, Florida, Tornado/Waterspout

Abstract On 12 July 1995, a tornado developed over south St. Petersburg, Florida, producing F1 damage and injuring one person before moving offshore. The tornado/waterspout was within 25 km of the Ruskin Florida WSR-88D, which provided detailed radar data. The preconvective environment was characterized by large CAPE and weak to moderate vertical wind shear, due in part to a weak upper-level cold core trough. The tornado parent cell developed rapidly in response to surface mesoscale boundary interactions. This cell was relatively short lived and nonsteady and, thus, classified as multicellular. Available data suggest that tornadogenesis occurred due to vertical stretching of preexisting vertical vorticity associated with one of the foregoing boundaries. Evidence suggests that the stretching was due to both storm updraft and convergence associated with storm downdraft. The parent cell contained a midlevel mesocyclone and mesoanticyclone pair, consistent with the proximity hodograph. This vortex pair and th...
Disseminated Neonatal Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mucormycosis of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare and fatal infection of neonates and children. This report describes a case of disseminated mucormycosis originating in the gastrointestinal tract of a premature infant of 26 weeks gestational age. The antemortem impression was that of necrotizing enterocolitis, diagnosed at 15 days of age, followed by death at 22 days. However, autopsy revealed extensive colonization and invasion of the small intestine and colon by mucormycosis, with blood and peritoneal fluid cultures positive for Mucorales species but negative for bacteria. There was associated hematogenous and adjacent spread of organisms to other viscera.
The mTOR inhibitor CCI-779 (temsirolimus) downregulates p21 and induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

7573 Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct type of B-cell lymphoma associated with transient response to conventional chemotherapy, continuous relapses and median survival of only 3–...
Integral Tests for Infinite Series

(1971). Integral Tests for Infinite Series. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 164-170.
Patient selection, resection, and outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Overview:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy of the liver that most often arises in patients with cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases. Worldwide, it is the sixth most ...
The Language of Logical Argument

Swift’s use of the language of logic has often been noticed and sometimes stressed, but rarely from a dialectical perspective. It is a commonplace to see his usual satirical method as ‘that of a devastating logic’ but one more in appearance than reality, a ‘logic on the basis of a preposterous major premise’.1 His ‘mocking echoes of … logic’ are sometimes a ‘unique Swiftian amalgam of wild fancy and perverse logic’, a ‘perverse consistency of … preposterous logic’, ‘a kind of “internal logic of error” ‘.2 A brief discussion of ‘The Sentiments of a Church-of-England Man’ contains (unflattering) references to the essay’s logical framework, logical outline, logical surface and logical skeleton.3 Largely overlooking the dialectical basis of Swift’s language,4 as opposed to the logical, and the dialectical foundation of much of his satire, is perhaps less of a disservice to the dialectical perspective than is confusing it with rhetorical analysis of his style, by including, for example, rhetorical devices like ‘aposiopesis’ and ‘epiphonemas’ in a passage explicitly concerned with Swift’s use of the terminology of the logic taught in the schools5 or by unnecessarily substituting for ‘dialectic’ a phrase like ‘polemic rhetoric’.6 Ehrenpreis goes a small way towards righting the imbalance of concern with Swift’s rhetoric and monologic logic to the exclusion of dialectic by pointing out that by statute the candidate for the BA at Trinity College, Dublin, was required to argue twelve times on the right side of the disputation questions and twenty-four on the wrong side, a procedure likely to engender an ironic viewpoint in a fertile mind.7
Introduction to the Special Section on Cultural Considerations in Collaborative and Therapeutic Assessment

ABSTRACTIssues of culture abound in the conduct of psychological assessment. This special section brings together a collection of articles from expert practitioners in the Therapeutic Assessment (TA) model to discuss cultural considerations. The special section is comprised of a conceptual discussion of the cultural influence of the assessment situation itself, 3 case examples illustrating the way in which culture enters into assessment, and the ways that the TA paradigm can be useful in mitigating the potential negative effects; and a comment on the 4 articles. In this introduction to the special section, I discuss 2 interrelated concepts that are helpful in framing the articles that will follow: the need to practice assessment with multicultural competence, and the potential benefits of using an assessment model (e.g., TA) that is itself culturally responsive. As the world continues to become more culturally diverse through changing demographics and the recognition and evolution of different subcultures...
Simulating the All-Order Strong Coupling Expansion IV: CP(N-1) as a loop model

Abstract We exactly reformulate the lattice CP ( N − 1 ) spin model on a D -dimensional torus as a loop model whose configurations correspond to the complete set of strong coupling graphs of the original system. A Monte Carlo algorithm is described and tested that samples the loop model with its configurations stored and manipulated as a linked list. Complete absence of critical slowing down and correspondingly small errors are found at D = 2 for several observables including the mass gap. Using two different standard lattice actions universality is demonstrated in a finite size scaling study. The topological charge is identified in the loop model but not yet investigated numerically.
Electrodeposition of Water-Dispersible Polymers

The interest in the formulation and manufacture of water-dispersible polymers has increased during the last ten years due to the awareness for environmental requirements. (See also the chapter by T. J. Miranda.) Much work has been done, aiming at reduced use — or elimination — of organic solvents as carriers of coating materials. One of the outstanding innovations in the exclusive use of water as carrier of coating materials is the electrocoating process (1).
Financialization, Income Inequality, and Redistribution in 18 Affluent Democracies, 1981–2011:

In recent decades, the growth of finance and rising income inequality has become a pervasive feature of the political economies in affluent capitalist democracies. This study investigates the long-...
IronFleet: proving safety and liveness of practical distributed systems

Distributed systems are notorious for harboring subtle bugs. Verification can, in principle, eliminate these bugs, but it has historically been difficult to apply at full-program scale, much less distributed system scale. We describe a methodology for building practical and provably correct distributed systems based on a unique blend of temporal logic of actions-style state-machine refinement and Hoare-logic verification. We demonstrate the methodology on a complex implementation of a Paxos-based replicated state machine library and a lease-based sharded key-value store. We prove that each obeys a concise safety specification as well as desirable liveness requirements. Each implementation achieves performance competitive with a reference system. With our methodology and lessons learned, we aim to raise the standard for distributed systems from "tested" to "correct."
Elementary estimates for primes

Before beginning to study sums of primes, we need some elementary results about the distribution of prime numbers.
Activated carbon as a means of limiting bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides, triclosan, triclocarban, and fipronil from sediments rich in organic matter.

Addition of activated carbon to contaminated sediment is an established means of remediation but its applicability to sediments high in organic carbon is presently unknown. We evaluated the effects of adding either granular activated carbon (GAC) or pelletized fine-grained activated carbon (PfAC, containing ∼ 50% AC) to contaminated sediments from Lake Apopka featuring a very high total organic carbon content (∼39% w/w dry). Sediments showing background levels of legacy pesticides were spiked with a mixture of 5 chemicals (p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, triclosan, triclocarban, and fipronil) to a nominal concentration of 2 μg/g sediment for each chemical. Following incubation of spiked sediments with the addition of activated carbon for 30 days, we assessed the success on limiting bioaccumulation using Lumbriculus variegatus (blackworm). In contaminant-spiked sediments amended with PfAC, blackworm body burdens of triclosan, triclocarban, and fipronil decreased by >50% and those of p,p'-DDE and dieldrin decreased by <30%. GAC addition to spiked sediments was less impactful, and yielded notable benefits in worm body burden reduction only for fipronil (40%). Fipronil achieved high treatment efficiency within the 30 day amendment with both GAC and PfAC. This is the first study to examine AC treatment in artificially contaminated sediments intrinsically very rich in organic matter content. PfAC exhibited superior performance over GAC for mitigating the uptake of certain organochlorines by aquatic organisms. These results indicate that further studies focusing on additional types of sediments and a broader spectrum of hydrophobic pollutants are warranted.
Hemicrania continua: Case series presenting in an orofacial pain clinic:

Aim of investigationHemicrania continua (HC) is an uncommon primary headache and little is known of the characteristics of such patients managed in an orofacial pain setting. This study provides cl...
A Flow Adsorption Microcalorimetry-Logistic Modeling Approach for Assessing Heterogeneity of Brønsted-Type Surfaces: Application to Pyrogenic Organic Materials.

Biogeochemical functioning of oxides and pyrogenic organic matter (pyOM) are greatly influenced by surface and deprotonation characteristics. We present an energetics-based, logistic modeling approach for quantifying surface homogeneity (ϕsurf) and surface acidity (pKa, surf) for Bronsted-type surfaces. The ϕsurf, pKa, surf and associated deprotonation behavior of pyOM were quantified across feedstock (honey mesquite, HM; pine, PI; cord grass, CG) and heat-treatment-temperatures (HTT; 200–650 °C). At HTT200, lower ϕsurf [HM (0.86) > PI (0.61) > CG (0.42)] and higher pKa, surf [CG (4.4) > PI (4.2) > HM (4.1)] for CG indicated higher heterogeneity and lower acidity for Bronsted-type surface moieties on grass versus wood pyOM. Surface acidity of CG increased at HTT550/650 °C with no effect on ϕsurf; while the surface heterogeneity of both wood pyOMs increased, the acidity of HM increased and that of PI decreased. Despite different HTT-induced ϕsurf and pKa, surf trajectories, the deprotonation range for all ...
Abstract P245: Is Self-efficacy Associated with Patterns of Self-weighing Behavior?

Introduction: Our recent work demonstrated that obese/overweight individuals exhibit different patterns of self-weighing behavior over time. To identify possible contributors to varying patterns, we examined the differences in changes in self-efficacy (SE) by self-weighing pattern groups. Hypothesis: Higher self-weighing group would have greater increases in SE levels. Methods: This was an analysis of data from a 12-mo behavioral weight-loss intervention study. Each participant was given a Wi-Fi-enabled scale to transmit weight data to a server. Three self-weighing patterns were determined by group-based trajectory modeling: high/consistent (>6 days/week); moderate/declined (declined from 4-5 to 2 days/week); minimal/declined (5-6 to 0 days/week). SE was assessed semiannually by the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL) Scale, yielding ratings of one’s confidence to avoid eating under varied conditions (e.g., home, social settings) and moods (e.g., depressed, stressed). Higher scores indicate greater levels of SE. Linear mixed modeling was used for data analysis. Results: The sample (N=148) was 90.5% female, 81.1% White, with mean (SD) age of 51.3 (10.1) years and BMI of 34.1 (4.6) kg/m 2 . There were no significant differences in self-weighing groups for WEL total and subscale scores at baseline. There was significant group effect for changes in subscale score of Negative Emotions, group by time effect for Social Pressure and time effect for Positive Activities. The high/consistent self-weighing group showed significant increases in each subscale score and total score from 0 mos to 6 or 12 mos, with the subscale score of Social Pressure having a marginally significant increase at 12 mos, while the other two groups had no changes over time (see table). Conclusions: Participants in the high/consistent self-weighing group reported increased SE over time for eating in different contexts. Future work needs to explore strategies to improve eating self-efficacy and self-weighing for those unable to establish this habit.
Teaching tax increment finance: A policy simulation approach

ABSTRACTThis article presents a policy simulation related to the logistics of establishing a Tax Increment Finance (TIF) District. It has been developed to be flexible in its delivery, and it is de...
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of glymphatic flux using Evans blue albumin.

Abstract Background The glymphatic system is a proposed pathway for clearance of proteins and macromolecules from brain, and disrupted glymphatic flux is implicated in neurological disease. We capitalized on colorimetric, fluorescent, and protein-binding properties of Evans blue to evaluate glymphatic flux. New method Twenty-five μL of 1% Evans blue-labeled albumin (EBA) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) was injected into the intracisternal space of anesthetized postnatal day 17 rats. Serum was collected at various time points after injection (n = 37) and EBA was measured spectrophotometrically. In separate rats (n = 3), a cranial window was placed over the parietal cortex and EBA transit was evaluated using in vivo multiphoton microscopy. Separate rats (n = 6) were processed for immunohistochemistry to examine localization of EBA. In some rats, intracranial pressure (ICP) was increased via intracisternal injection of aCSF. Results EBA was detected in serum as early as 30 min, was maximal at 4 h, and was undetectable at 72 h after intracisternal injection. Using intra-vital microscopy and immunohistochemistry EBA could be tracked from CSF to perivascular locations. Consistent with removal via glymphatic flux, increasing ICP to 40 mmHg accelerated transit of EBA from CSF to blood. Comparison with existing methods Transit of EBA from CSF to serum could be quantified spectrophotometrically without radioactive labeling. Glymphatic flux could also be qualitatively evaluated using EBA fluorescence. Conclusion We present a novel technique for simultaneous quantitative and qualitative evaluation of glymphatic flux in rats.
Identification of peptide hormones and their cognate receptors in Jasus edwardsii – A potential resource for the development of new aquaculture management strategies for rock/spiny lobsters

Abstract The southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, is a member of the Achelata native to New Zealand and southern Australia that in addition to being the subject of an extensive wild fishery, has been proposed as a target for aquaculture. One obstacle to the farming of this species is its long maturation period, and the development of large-scale commercial aquaculture will require management strategies that reduce the duration of its time in culture. Increasing food intake can result in increased growth rates, and may be one way to reduce the time to market for farmed lobsters. In crustaceans, food intake and growth are regulated by locally released and/or circulating paracrines/hormones, the largest class being peptides. In the study presented here, the native peptides of J. edwardsii, as well as their cognate receptors, were predicted using a publicly accessible transcriptome. Two hundred and seventy distinct peptides were identified (the largest peptidome currently extant for any decapod), 122 of which possess structures that place them into generally recognized arthropod peptide families, i.e., adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide, allatostatin A, allatostatin B, allatostatin C, bursicon, CCHamide, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone/molt-inhibiting hormone, diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, eclosion hormone, elevenin, FMRFamide-like peptide, glycoprotein hormone, GSEFLamide, inotocin, insulin-like peptide, leucokinin, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, orcomyotropin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, pyrokinin, red pigment concentrating hormone, RYamide, short neuropeptide F, SIFamide, sulfakinin, tachykinin-related peptide and trissin. Putative receptors for many of the identified peptide groups were also identified via transcriptome mining. This is the first report of a peptidome and peptide receptors for J. edwardsii, and as such, provides a powerful new resource for beginning to investigate the physiological/behavioral roles played by peptidergic signaling systems in this species, including the roles they play in controlling processes that are of importance for improving aquaculture management strategies.
Attenuated Replication of Lassa Virus Vaccine Candidate ML29 in STAT-1-/- Mice

Lassa virus (LASV), a highly prevalent mammalian arenavirus endemic in West Africa, can cause Lassa fever (LF), which is responsible for thousands of deaths annually. LASV is transmitted to humans from naturally infected rodents. At present, there is not an effective vaccine nor treatment. The genetic diversity of LASV is the greatest challenge for vaccine development. The reassortant ML29 carrying the L segment from the nonpathogenic Mopeia virus (MOPV) and the S segment from LASV is a vaccine candidate under current development. ML29 demonstrated complete protection in validated animal models against a Nigerian strain from clade II, which was responsible for the worst outbreak on record in 2018. This study demonstrated that ML29 was more attenuated than MOPV in STAT1-/- mice, a small animal model of human LF and its sequelae. ML29 infection of these mice resulted in more than a thousand-fold reduction in viremia and viral load in tissues and strong LASV-specific adaptive T cell responses compared to MOPV-infected mice. Persistent infection of Vero cells with ML29 resulted in generation of interfering particles (IPs), which strongly interfered with the replication of LASV, MOPV and LCMV, the prototype of the Arenaviridae. ML29 IPs induced potent cell-mediated immunity and were fully attenuated in STAT1-/- mice. Formulation of ML29 with IPs will improve the breadth of the host’s immune responses and further contribute to development of a pan-LASV vaccine with full coverage meeting the WHO requirements.
The Extent of Neck Dissection Among Patients Who Receive Adjuvant Radiotherapy for HNSCC and Its Effect on Disease-Specific and Overall Survival:

The study objective was to assess if the extent of neck dissection among patients who receive adjuvant radiotherapy affects regional recurrence and survival. This was a retrospective study of patients who had clinical metastatic mucosal primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to cervical lymph nodes done at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York from 2004 to 2015. Patients with previous radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were excluded. All patients had surgery to the primary tumor and the neck followed by adjuvant (chemo) radiation. Patients have been divided into 2 groups according to type of neck dissection as either selective neck dissection (SND) or comprehensive neck dissection (CND). The extent of neck dissection was determined by surgeon preference. All patients received postoperative radiotherapy to the primary tumor bed and to the neck with or without chemotherapy. Main outcomes were measured in regional recurrence and overall survival. In our study, 74 patients were included. Among the 2 groups of patients, 3-year outcomes for regional recurrence occurred in 4 (7.1%) of 56 patients in the SND group and 2 (11.1%) of 18 patients in the CND group. Overall survival was 29 (51.8%) of 56 patients in the SND group and 11 (61.1%) of 18 patients in the CND group ( P = .497). Among patients who died in each cohort, disease-specific death was 20 (74.1%) of 27 patients in the SND group and 5 (71.4%) of 7 patients in the CND group ( P = .79).The overall and disease-specific survival differences between the SND and CND cohorts were not statistically significant. In conclusion, SND, combined with proper adjuvant treatment, achieved regional control and survival rates comparable to CND.
The Role of Reactive Nitrogen Species in Sensitized Photolysis of Wastewater-Derived Trace Organic Contaminants

Under conditions typically encountered in the aquatic environment, the absorption of sunlight by nitrite and nitrate leads to the transformation of trace organic contaminants. In addition to the well understood mechanism through which hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced by nitrate and nitrite photolysis oxidizes contaminants, absorption of light also results in the formation of reactive nitrogen species that transform organic contaminants. To assess the importance of this process on the fate of trace organic contaminants, radical quenchers and transformation product analysis were used to discriminate among potential reaction pathways. For sulfamethoxazole, an antibiotic that is frequently detected in municipal wastewater effluent, nitrate and nitrite-sensitized photolysis pathways resulted in production of transformation products that were not detected during direct photolysis or reaction with ·OH. The reactivity of sulfamethoxazole with the reactive species produced when nitrite absorbed sunlight was affected by the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers, indicating the likely involvement of nitrogen dioxide, which forms when nitrite reacts with hydroxyl radical. Reactive nitrogen species also reacted with emtricitabine, propranolol, and other trace organic contaminants commonly detected in wastewater effluent, indicating the potential importance of this process to the fate of other trace organic contaminants. A kinetic model indicated that reactive nitrogen species could be important to the phototransformation of trace organic contaminants when relatively high concentrations of nitrite are present (e.g., in surface waters receiving reverse osmosis concentrate from potable water reuse projects or in agricultural runoff).
Replication and generalization in applied neuroimaging.

Abstract There is much interest in translating neuroimaging findings into meaningful clinical diagnostics. The goal of scientific discoveries differs from clinical diagnostics. Scientific discoveries must replicate under a specific set of conditions; to translate to the clinic we must show that findings using purpose-built scientific instruments will be observable in clinical populations and instruments. Here we describe and evaluate data and computational methods designed to translate a scientific observation to a clinical setting. Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), Wahl et al. (2010) observed that across subjects the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of homologous pairs of tracts is highly correlated. We hypothesize that this is a fundamental biological trait that should be present in most healthy participants, and deviations from this assessment may be a useful diagnostic metric. Using this metric as an illustration of our methods, we analyzed six pairs of homologous white matter tracts in nine different DWI datasets with 44 subjects each. Considering the original FA measurement as a baseline, we show that the new metric is between 2 and 4 times more precise when used in a clinical context. Our framework to translate research findings into clinical practice can be applied, in principle, to other neuroimaging results.