cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myelodysplastic Syndrome With inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) Has a High Risk for Progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(3) (q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) is a distinct subtype in the World Health Organization classification. The natural history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with these cytogenetic aberrations is poorly understood. We studied 17 MDS (11 de novo and 6 therapy related) and 3 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) cases associated with inv(3) (q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2). The de novo cases were further classified as refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (n = 8) and refractory anemia with excess blasts (n = 3). Isolated inv(3)/t(3;3) was identified in 4 cases, whereas –7/7q (n = 13) and –5/5q (n = 6) were common additional aberrations. Nineteen patients died, including 13 in whom the disease progressed to AML after a median of 7 months. Median survival for patients with de novo disease was similar to that for patients with therapy-related MDS (13 vs 17.5 months). MDS or CMML with inv(3)/t(3;3) are aggressive diseases with a high risk of progression to AML. The inv(3)(q21q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21;q26.2) is present in approximately 1% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and in a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the blast phase of myeloproliferative neoplasms. 1-4 Patients with inv(3)/t(3;3)-associated myeloid neoplasms often have anemia. The platelet count may be normal or increased. The bone marrow typically shows increased numbers of small hypolobated megakaryocytes and
Stock Market, Economic Performance, And Presidential Elections

Using stock market and economic data from 1900 to 2008 from 27 separate presidential administrations in the United States (U.S.), including 15 Republican and 12 Democratic, this paper examines the relationships between the market return after each Election Day and economic performance during the presidential term. Using the theoretical framework of political economy, the authors examine how Wall Street’s reaction to a presidential election acts as a predictive measure of future economic performance. The analysis shows that the after-election market movement has progressively been more accurate in predicting the future Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth but not the future unemployment rates. Given that the results show a higher correlation over time, the model appears to provide a good starting point for judging the economic potential of future presidential administrations.
Reducing Time to Antibiotic Administration for Febrile Neutropenia in the Emergency Department

The Emergency Department (ED) Febrile Neutropenia Pathway quality initiative demonstrated value by decreasing time to antibiotic administration in patients with cancer presenting to the ED compared with historical and direct admissions controls.
Shining Lights: Studies That Have Most Influenced the Understanding of Health Promotion's Financial Impact

Abstract Purpose. To examine the literature from the past 20 years and identify those studies that support the economic merit of health promotion. Data Source. A panel of experts was used to identify the top studies supporting the purpose of this article. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Studies were chosen based on the following criteria: the study (1) examined the relationship between health risks and financial outcomes, or health promotion programs and financial outcomes; (2) provided strong and compelling financial data supporting the worth of health promotion; (3) had a high-quality methodology; (4) answered an important question or replicated important findings with superior methodology; and (5) represented U.S.-based initiatives published since 1980. After initially nominating a group of studies for consideration, panelists rated each on a scale from 1 to 3 representing their opinion of importance. Studies rating the highest were included for this discussion. Data Extraction Methods. Studies...
Distribution of Adult Odonata Among Localized Wetlands in East-central Mississippi

Abstract We measured species richness and composition of adult Odonata and inferred habitat preferences among man-made wetland sites and surrounding tracts of natural bottomland forest. Cumulative species richness and composition were described by proportion coefficients and beta diversity indices. The three man-made sites provided open space resources, and more species were observed in each than in the floodplain forest. Twenty-nine of 42 species documented over a four-month period were observed in only one or two of the four wetlands studied. Large differences in species assemblages between the immediately adjacent ditch and marsh sites were the best evidence for high habitat affinity because distance and structural barriers to movement were absent. Such compositional asymmetry may reflect differential vegetative and reproductive suitability of the habitats. Results suggest that the open-canopy wetlands supported higher diversity of adult Odonata, and that distinct odonate assemblages were found among d...
Indian Canon Originalism

Indian treaties are “quasi-constitutional” documents. So why not read them like constitutions? In fact, scholars of Indian law have urged federal judges to interpret Indian treaties “in the same manner as [they do] constitutional provisions.” But no scholar has ever explained how the principles of constitutional interpretation would actually apply to an Indian treaty — and whether those principles might change in that new environment. This Note attempts to do just that.
‘This Citie of insufficience’: Heraldic Text and the Representation of Authority in York’s 1486 Entertainment for Henry VII

This essay compares the two extant texts that record the York welcome pageants for King Henry VII in 1486. An assessment of the professional, political, and personal places of heralds as servants of the court yet also as somewhat independent members of a corporation sets up a reading of the ‘herald’s memoir’ version of the York entertainment. Scholars have, until recently considered the herald’s text little more than propaganda for the new Lancastrian monarchy. A reading of selected cruxes, changes, and contrasts in and between the two versions, however, demonstrates the unique work of heralds as they toed the line between roles as conservative court functionaries keeping records of proper display and nascent literary historians with some sense of voice and narrative.
A quality improvement strategy for documenting last pyridostigmine dose prior to the performance of nerve conduction studies/electromyography (P7.337)

OBJECTIVE: To develop a quality improvement strategy to improve documentation of last pyridostigmine dose prior to the performance of nerve conduction studies/electromyography (NCS/EMG). BACKGROUND: NCS/EMG are commonly ordered by neurologists to evaluate for neuromuscular junction disorders, such as myasthenia gravis. The sensitivity of electrodiagnostic studies for myasthenia gravis is reduced by the use of pyridostigmine. We hypothesized that the procedural report at our institution was under-documenting the patient’s last pyridostigmine dose prior to the performance of NCS/EMG. DESIGN/METHODS: We utilized the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) model of process improvement to define our problem and create a map of the current process for documenting a patient’s last pyridostigmine dose and generating a NCS/EMG procedural report. Baseline performance was determined by measuring the percentage of patients with electrophysiologic findings consistent with myasthenia gravis who had the last pyridostigmine dose documented in their NCS/EMG procedural report. RESULTS: Data was collected from 77 patients who underwent NCS/EMG with an electrophysiologic diagnosis of myasthenia gravis between January 1 and September 30, 2014. Of these, 55[percnt] (42/77) were utilizing pyridostigmine at the time of the study but only 7[percnt] (3/42) of the procedural reports documented the last dose of pyridostigmine. CONCLUSIONS: Failing to document a patient’s last pyridostigmine dose in the NCS/EMG procedural report may make it difficult to accurately interpret electrodiagnostic findings. Having defined the quality gap and measured baseline performance, we are now analyzing the current process for determining and documenting patients’ last pyridostigmine dose. The results of this analysis will be used to develop targeted interventions intended to improve documentation. Performance will then be re-measured and this data will be presented. This project demonstrates how DMAIC methodology can be used to identify quality gaps, analyze root causes, and develop interventions aimed at improving quality of care. Disclosure: Dr. Visser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kassardjian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Naddaf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kazamel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leep stands to received royalty payments.
Sustainable Manufacturing Performance Indicators for a Serial Production Line

Current manufacturing facilities lack proper performance indicators that can accurately pinpoint areas of energy inefficiency on the manufacturing line. This paper establishes new indices that utilize readily available, real sensor information from the production line, such as buffer levels, machine throughput, etc., to find the machine that is the least energy efficient. This is the machine that causes the line to waste the most energy without producing parts. The energy structure of the production line is analyzed to better understand the complex system dynamics and to find the root cause of the energy inefficiencies. A baseline energy consumption is established, which is the least amount of energy that is needed to produce a certain number of parts on the line. Using this knowledge, the new sustainable manufacturing performance indicators are defined to properly monitor the performance of the line. These indices utilize the energy structure to illustrate the static (energy used when there are no downtime events) and dynamic (energy lost due to downtime) portions of the energy consumption. The concepts of the downtime energy bottleneck and the rated power bottleneck are introduced and proven analytically. These methods are verified using simulation studies in Simulink/MATLAB.
Breeding Seasonality and Reproductive Success of White-Fronted Bee-Eaters in Kenya

AssmAcT.-White-fronted Bee-eaters (Merops bullockoides) at Nakuru, Kenya, reproduce in an environment where food supply for provisioning nestlings is unpredictable and generally scarce. With data from 8 yr of study on three populations of bee-eaters, we examined how these environmental conditions have influenced the timing of breeding and patterns of nesting success. Breeding coincided with the general pattern of rainfall in the Rift Valley. Kenya experiences two rainy seasons per year, and individual bee-eaters bred with either the long or the short rains, but not both. Members of a given population bred colonially and quite synchronously, but members of adjacent populations were often out of phase with one another. As a result, the distribution of longand short-rains breeding populations formed a spatial mosaic. Reproductive success was highly variable but typically low. Mean (?SD) fledging success was 0.57 ? 0.83 young, and only one nest in four produced an independent offspring (6 months of age). Most prefledging mortality (88%) was due to egg losses and the starvation of young. Very little (7%) was attributable to predation. Social factors, primarily intraspecific nest parasitism, were responsible for nearly half of all egg losses, and represent an important cost of group living. Starvation, the single most important source of prefledging mortality, claimed the lives of 48% of all hatchlings. Starvation was greatest at times of low food availability, in nests with large broods, and in nests tended by pairs without helpers. Hatching was asynchronous. This enhanced the ability of older nestlings to monopolize limited food supplies, and resulted in the selective death of the smallest nestling first. Such brood reduction, coupled with the ability of nestlings to slow their development rate in response to food stress, is considered an adaptation for coping with the unpredictable variation in food supply commonly faced by these birds. Received 17 August 1990, accepted 18 January 1991.
Assessing the potential for interaction between the insecticidal activity of two genetically engineered cotton events combined by conventional breeding: An example with COT102 × MON 15985

Bollgard(®) III was developed by combining cotton events COT102 and MON 15985 through conventional breeding to improve efficacy against lepidopteran feeding damage. COT102 produces the Vip3Aa19 protein and MON 15985 produces the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 proteins. COT102 × MON 15985 has also been bred with Roundup Ready Flex(®) cotton (MON 88913) that confers glyphosate tolerance. This study evaluated the activity of COT102 and MON 15985 and the combined activity of COT102 and MON 15985 against the cotton bollworm (CBW, Helicoverpa zea). COT102, MON 15985, COT102 × MON 15985 and COT102 × MON 15985 × MON 88913 have comparable Vip3Aa19 and/or Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab2 protein expression levels as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CBW demonstrated concentration-dependent growth inhibition after 7-days of feeding on lyophilized leaf tissue derived from COT102, MON 15985, COT102 × MON 15985 and COT102 × MON 15985 × MON 88913 incorporated into an artificial diet. Observed EC50 values for COT102 × MON 15985 and COT102 × MON 15985 × MON 88913 were comparable (≤4% deviation) with the predicted EC50 value under the assumption of additivity using the combined activity of COT102 and MON 15985. No interaction in biological activity between COT102 and MON 15985 is consistent with results from competition and ligand blotting assays that demonstrated that Vip3Aa does not inhibit the binding of either Cry1Ac or Cry2Ab2 and vice versa. The results from this study demonstrate that the activity of COT102 × MON 15985 against CBW is consistent with predictions of additivity.
Effect of Cooling on Survival Rate of Hippocampal Neurons from Refractory Epilepsy Models

Aim: To investigate the effect of different cooling-temperature and cooling-duration on survival rate of hippocampal neurons from the refractory epilepsy models.Methods: A final concentration of 6 μmol.L-1 of bicuculline(Bic) and 4-aminopyridine(4-AP) was applied to culturing organotypic hippocampal slice(OHS) to develop the refractory epilepsy model.The viability marker propidium iodide(PI) was used to monitor the neuronal cell death in the culture on the condition of 36℃ and 25℃ for 24 h,and 36℃,30℃,25℃,20℃ and 15℃ for 6 h.The digital images were analyzed by using a densitometry analysis program.Results: After stimulating by Bic combined with 4-AP for 3 h on rat OHS cultures,the PI uptake appeared in the CA2 sector at the first time.With the time of stimulation increasing,the distribution of damaged neuronal cells was extended to large area,predominantly distributed in the CA3 sector.The damaged neuronal cells’PI uptake were significantly inhibited by cooling treatment at 25℃ for 3 h to 12 h,however,the PI uptake could be promoted by the deep hypothermic cooling treatment at 20℃ and 15℃.Conclusion: ① The neuronal cellsof CA2 sector in hippocampal silce cultures were the most sensitive to BiC combined with 4-AP stimulation.The effect of Bic combined with 4-AP on neuronal cell damage was time and region dependent.② The protective effect of cooling on neuronal cells was temperature and duration dependent.
Research on corrosion characteristics of corrosion rule and anti-corrosion technology of grounding device for large substations

The soil corrosion characteristics evaluation method with considerations of soil physicochemical performance parameters and electrochemical parameters was established.Through buried specimen tests and electrochemical tests in the lab and field buried specimen tests and electrolytic experiments in substations,the anti-corrosion behavior and corrosion characteristics of three material,i.e.carbon steel,copper,and new material,in soil were studied.The sound state evaluation method for grounding network was also proposed considering various factors such as soil characteristics,material characteristics,and disorder current.The influence of AC and DC disorder current on the anti-corrosion behavior of the grounding network material was discussed.The anti-corrosion measures for large grounding networks as well as successful application cases were also recommended.
Influence of model parameters and the vane response method on a low-order prediction of fan broadband noise:

The influence of modeling choices on a low-order method for predicting broadband interaction noise downstream of a fan stage in a turbofan engine is explored. The general method relies on experimentally or computationally obtained rotor-wake turbulence parameters as input. These parameters are used together with the Liepmann spectrum to define the inflow into the exit guide vane. Strip-theory allows the full 3D vane response to be constructed using a gust response model for a 2D vane. The sound power in the duct downstream of the exit guide vanes is calculated using the Green’s method for an annular duct. Comparison is made between the predictions obtained with a 2D flat-plate cascade gust response and a 2D flat-plate airfoil gust response. In addition, the effect of the inclusion of real vane geometry via an asymptotic gust response method is investigated. It is shown that for the current modeling method, a cascade response must be used and that the asymptotic method does not extend to high enough camber...
Ototoxicity of salicylate, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and quinine.

Salicylate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are commonly used drugs with ototoxicity manifested by temporary hearing loss, tinnitus, and suprathreshold changes in hearing. Morphology, physiology, and biochemical studies suggest that these drugs affect outer hair cells and decrease cochlear blood flow, which may be mediated by decreased prostaglandins and increased leuko- trienes in the inner ear. Quinine has very similar clinical manifestations and also appears to affect cochlear blood flow. The mechanism behind quinine's actions has yet to be clearly defined.
Wenn Kleinkinder chronisch gestresst sind

Vorschulische Bildungsangebote konnen Kindern den Schulstart erleichtern. Neue entwicklungspadiatrische Erkenntnisse mussen jedoch starker als bisher in die konkrete Ausgestaltung fruher Bildung und Betreuung einfliesen, um Gesundheitsrisiken fur die Kinder sowie Belastungen des spateren schulischen Lernumfelds zu vermeiden.
The submicrosomal distribution of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferases in the rabbit.

1. Rabbit liver microsomes were subfractionated into rough- and smooth-surfaced types, and glucuronyltransferase activity in each microsomal subfraction was determined with p-nitrophenol, o-aminophenol and phenolphthalein as substrates. The glucuronyltransferase activity measured with p-nitrophenol and o-aminophenol as substrates was localized predominantly in rough-surfaced microsomes. Glucuronyltransferase measured with phenolphthalein as substrate was equally present in rough- and smooth-surfaced microsomes. 2. Phenobarbital pretreatment of rabbits did not stimulate any of the glucuronyltransferase activities measured in either rough- or smooth-surfaced microsomes. 3. Preincubation of rabbit liver microsomes for 30–60min. at 37° under oxygen did not cause any loss of glucuronyltransferase activity. Such preincubation caused either no change or increased enzyme activity in both submicrosomal fractions. The relative distribution of transferase activity in rough- and smooth-surfaced microsomes was not affected by preincubation.
Influence of Level and Source of Dietary Fat on Its Comparative Feeding Value in Finishing Diets for Steers: Feedlot Cattle Growth and Performance

Two hundred twenty-eight crossbred steers (304 kg) were used in a 125-d comparative slaughter trial to evaluate the influence of level and source of supplemental fats on their feeding value for feedlot cattle. Dietary treatments consisted of a steam-rolled, barley-based finishing diet containing 1) no supplemental fat; 2) 4% yellow grease (YG); 3) 4% blended animal-vegetable fat (BVF); 4) 8% YG; 5) 8% BVF or 6) 6% BVF and 2% crude soybean lecithin. Increasing level of supplemental fat in the diet resulted in linear improvements (P less than .01) in weight gain, feed conversion and NE value of the diet. Estimated NE values of YG and BVF were similar and did not appear to be influenced by level of supplementation, averaging 5.78 and 4.61 Mcal/kg for maintenance and gain, respectively. Fat supplementation resulted in linear increases in empty body fat (P less than .01), kidney, pelvic and heart fat (P less than .01) and marbling score (P less than .05). Partially replacing BVF with lecithin did not influence (P greater than .10) steer performance, carcass merit or estimated NE value of the diet. The comparative feeding value (in terms of both diet acceptability and NE value) of the supplemental fats tested was similar and was apparently not influenced by level of supplementation up to 8% of diet DM.
Extraction of Right-Sided Vegetation with Use of an Aspiration Catheter System:

Indications for surgical management of active right-sided endocarditis are under debate. In the presence of vegetation without valvular or surrounding tissue involvement, the mass may be removed with a suction device introduced via a transcatheter path. Herein, we report the successful removal of right-sided vegetation using the AngioVac Cannula, a percutaneous mechanical suction device, in three patients who presented with active endocarditis. The excellent midterm follow-up results highlight the effectiveness of such aspiration catheter systems.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by Saxagliptin prevents inflammation and renal injury by targeting the Nlrp3/ASC inflammasome.

Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activation delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rodents. The NOD-like receptor 3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome plays an important role in DN. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I) inhibit the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and various other active substances. We assessed whether DPP4I attenuates diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods BTBR (T2DM), Akita (T1DM) and their matched non-diabetic control (wild-type (WT)) mice received 8-week treatment with Saxagliptin (Saxa) or vehicle. Results Kidney weight and kidney/body weight ratio increased in the BTBR and Akita mice compared to their WT mice. Saxa attenuated these changes in the BTBR, but not in the Akita mice and had no effect in the WT mice. Serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine significantly increased in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Saxa improved glycemic control in the BTBR mice, but had no effect on glucose levels in the Akita and WT mice. Serum C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 were significantly higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa attenuated the increase in the BTBR and Akita mice. Kidney and adipose protein levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein 1, NLRP3, TNFα and Caspase-1 were higher in the BTBR and Akita mice than in the WT mice. Saxa reduced the levels in both types of diabetic mice. Conclusions Saxa attenuated diabetes-induced activation of the inflammasome and progression of DN. As Saxa did not affect glucose levels in the Akita mice, these effects are independent of glucose lowering.
WIDECARS Measurement of Ethylene in Ethylene-Air Combustion

WIDECARS is developed for spatially and temporally resolved, pointwise measurement of temperature and mole fraction of most major species in ethylene-air flames. The calibration and spectra fitting for ethylene is described and demonstrated in a combustor.
Vedolizumab Therapy in Severe Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BACKGROUND Vedolizumab is effective for inducing and maintaining remission in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, there is limited pediatric data. This study aimed to describe the adverse events and clinical response to vedolizumab in refractory pediatric IBD. METHODS Disease activity indices, clinical response, concomitant medication use, and adverse events were measured over 22 weeks in an observational prospective cohort study of children with refractory IBD who had failed anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and subsequently initiated vedolizumab therapy. RESULTS Twenty-one subjects, 16 with Crohn disease, received vedolizumab. Clinical response was observed in 6/19 (31.6%) of the evaluable subjects at week 6 and in 11/19 (57.9%) by week 22. Before induction, 15/21 (71.4%) participants were treated with systemic corticosteroids, as compared with 7/21 (33.3%) subjects at 22 weeks. Steroid-free remission was seen in 1/20 (5.0%) subjects at 6 weeks, 3/20 (15.0%) at 14 weeks, and 4/20 (20.0%) at 22 weeks. There was statistically significant improvement in serum albumin and hematocrit; however, C-reactive protein increased by week 22 (P < 0.05). There were no infusion reactions. Vedolizumab was discontinued in 2 patients because of severe colitis, requiring surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS There is limited experience with vedolizumab therapy in pediatric IBD. There seems to be a marked number of subjects with clinical response in the first 6 weeks that increases further by week 22 despite the severity of disease in this cohort. Adverse events may not be directly related to vedolizumab. This study is limited by small sample size, and larger prospective studies are warranted.
Neutralizations in Retail Banking: A Qualitative Analysis

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to examine neutralization theory’s generalizability to other white collar crime contexts and also seeks to address the question of whether certain techniques of neutralization are more likely with certain kinds of white collar crime or offenders. These objectives are achieved through a case study of active members of the retail banking industry. Results indicate that neutralization theory does generalize to the retail banking context. Results also show that neutralization techniques identified in this sample relate more to corporate rather than occupational crime. Findings have implications for theoretical development and also for methods to combat white collar deviance.
The blood–brain barrier

A web of arteries, capillaries, and veins permeates the brain, like every other large organ, supplies it with a constant stream of oxygen and nutrients, and carries away the waste products. However, a blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the exchange between blood and the intercellular space in brain much more than it does in other organs. A blood-nerve barrier with properties similar to the BBB also separates the major nerves from their blood supply. Another type of interface between bloodstream and brain space is seen in the choroid plexus. These highly convoluted structures in the ventricles produce the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which bathes and internally suspends the brain and the spinal cord and conveys nutrients and waste products around the intracerebral space. The choroidal epithelial cells are polarized cells with a specialized complement of carriers and channels on the luminal and abluminal sides. The spaces between adjacent choroidal cells are sealed much less tightly than those between typical brain capillaries and allow significant movement of water, electrolytes, and small molecules through them. Transport from blood into brain can thus follow the more circuitous route of secretion into CSF and later uptake into brain cells. A few other specialized regions are exempt from the strict separation of the blood and brain spaces. The endothelial cells of the blood capillaries in this region do not maintain tight seals and allow rapid and unimpeded diffusion of water and small solutes to presumed osmosensors on the abluminal side.
Nondestructive Imaging of Packaged Microelectronics using Pulsed Terahertz Technology

Abstract This work presents the use of terahertz reflection imaging for nondestructive evaluation of packaged microelectronics. Power MOSFETs and SRAM devices are placed in a pulsed terahertz imaging system in the reflection mode with an incident angle of 30°. From the received signal at each point on the sample under test, the internal structure of the device can be clearly seen. For transistors, terahertz nondestructive imaging has been successful in determining die size and location as well as the bond wire size, number, and connections. High-pass frequency filters are utilized to enhance the image quality for viewing the bond wires. In addition, the terahertz B-scans are used to determine additional information including the vertical position of the bond wires and the die inside the packaged device. For the SRAM, the terahertz nondestructive imaging shows similar effectiveness in defining the layout of the metal connections inside the package and the wire positions. Thus terahertz imaging is shown to ...
Queen of Love: Elizabeth I and Mary Wroth

Whenever Elizabeth needed to assert her authority, she cited her love for her subjects and their love for her. By giving the traditional male rhetoric of love a female voice and insisting that she would only marry someone who satisfied her “liking”, Elizabeth constituted an affective discourse of reciprocal love that other early modern women could adapt to their own purposes. By representing Venus, queen of love, as the guiding force behind her play and her sonnet sequence, Mary Wroth invoked a regal precursor and mentor capable of providing the literary authority she and her female avatars needed to blazon new female roles as poets and lovers.
Neuron numbers increase in the human amygdala from birth to adulthood, but not in autism

Remarkably little is known about the postnatal cellular development of the human amygdala. It plays a central role in mediating emotional behavior and has an unusually protracted development well into adulthood, increasing in size by 40% from youth to adulthood. Variation from this typical neurodevelopmental trajectory could have profound implications on normal emotional development. We report the results of a stereological analysis of the number of neurons in amygdala nuclei of 52 human brains ranging from 2 to 48 years of age [24 neurotypical and 28 autism spectrum disorder (ASD)]. In neurotypical development, the number of mature neurons in the basal and accessory basal nuclei increases from childhood to adulthood, coinciding with a decrease of immature neurons within the paralaminar nucleus. Individuals with ASD, in contrast, show an initial excess of amygdala neurons during childhood, followed by a reduction in adulthood across nuclei. We propose that there is a long-term contribution of mature neurons from the paralaminar nucleus to other nuclei of the neurotypical human amygdala and that this growth trajectory may be altered in ASD, potentially underlying the volumetric changes detected in ASD and other neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorders.
The Ethics of Intercultural Approaches to Indigenous Studies: Conjoining Natives and Palestinians in Context

Salaita argues that the project of Indigenous Studies is inherently comparative, citing numerous examples of productive intercultural scholarship, he explores historical, cultural, and politicalrelationships among Native North Americans and Palestinian Arabs to illuminate some of the ways that comparison offers the potential for new directions in both scholarly and activist communities. He contextualizes this analysis with a broader discussion of the ethics of scholarship in Indigenous Studies, paying special attention to the relationship of nationalistic commitment to intercultural methodologies.
Cognitive Methods: Hypnotism and Meditation

Both hypnotism and meditation can be classified as cognitive methods, as they both bring change through the control of cognitive processes. They both seek to control ideas, images, and most of all language, thereby controlling emotions and behavior. Our discussion of how these methods bring change begins with hypnotism.
Science Gateway Implementation at the University of South Dakota: Applications in Research and Education

Science Gateways are virtual environments that accelerate scientific discovery by enabling scientific communities to more easily and effectively utilize distributed computing and data resources. Successful Science Gateways provide access to sophisticated and powerful resources, while shielding their users from the underlying complexities. Here we present work completed by the University of South Dakota (USD) Research Computing Group in conjunction with the Science Gateways Community Institute (SGCI) [1] and Indiana University on setting up a Science Gateway to access USD's high-performance computing resources. These resources are now available to both faculty and students and allow ease of access and use of USD's distributed computing and data resources. The implementation of this gateway project has been multifaceted and has included placement of federated user login, user facilitation and outreach, and integration of USD's cyberinfrastructure resources. We present this project as an example for other research computing groups so that they may learn from our successes and the challenges that we have overcome in providing this user resource. Additionally, this project serves to exemplify the importance of creating a broad user base of research computing infrastructure through the development of alternative user interfaces such as Science Gateways.
Applications: Biotechnology, Medicine, and Healthcare

Nanotechnology is beginning to allow scientists, engineers, and physicians to work at the cellular and molecular levels to produce major benefits to life sciences and healthcare. In the next century, the emerging field of nanotechnology will lead to new biotechnology-based industries and novel approaches in medicine.
The Children's Behavior Rating Scale: A factor analytic developmental study.

A factor analysis of a revised and expanded 102-item version of the Children's Behavior Scale (CBRS) was conducted to complete development of this teacher rating scale. The identification of homoge...
Husserl’s Subjectivism: The “thoroughly peculiar ‘forms’” of Consciousness and the Philosophy of Mind*

In a recent paper1 which critically examines and rejects several suggestions that have been made for “bridging the gap” between Husserl’s phenomenology and neuroscience, Rick Grush concludes on a positive note:
Effectivity of Guava leaves (Psidium guajava) as Mouthwash for Patients with Aphthous Ulcers

Objective: To determine whether Psidium guajava leaves mouthwash is effective in the management of patients with aphthous ulcers Methods: Study Design: Randomized prospective open label clinical study Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital Subjects: Thirty two patients diagnosed with aphthous ulcers were randomly divided into two groups, a treatment group using prepared guava leaves mouthwash, and a control group using isotonic sodium chloride solution mouthwash, given thrice a day for seven days. Patients were evaluated using a 10 point Visual Analog Scale. The sizes of the aphthous ulcers were measured using a caliper, and compared on day 1 and day 7 for both treatment and control groups. Results were subjected to statistical analysis using T-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher Exact test. Results: Comparison of VAS scores of guava treatment and NSS control groups showed that there were no differences in pain experienced on days 1 and 2. However, the VAS scores from day 3 to 7 had p values ranging from 0.02 - 0.0001 which showed significant differences in resolution of pain. There was statistically significant marked improvement of pain symptoms as early as three days post-treatment among patients who were administered guava leaves mouthwash. Complete resolution of aphthous ulcers in 75% of the study group was observed on day 7. Mean ulcer size post-treatment with guava gargle was 0.25mm compared to 0.75mm for NSS gargle. The mean size difference at day 7 was 1.44mm for the guava treatment group and 0.88mm for the NSS control group. There was a statistically significant faster resolution of ulcer size on day 7 in 16/16 or 100 % of patients in the treatment group compared with only 10/16 or 62.5% of patients in the control group. Patients who were administered guava leaves mouthwash generally fared better than those administered isotonic sodium chloride solution. Conclusion: Guava leaves mouthwash was effective for aphthous ulcers in terms of reduction of symptoms of pain and faster reduction of ulcer size. Further clinical trials comparing this mouthwash against other treatment options are recommended. Keywords: Guava leaves (Psidium guajava), aphthous ulcers, mouthwash
Fallopian Tube Carcinoma.

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma is a rare and difficult to cure disease. It is often grouped under the epithelial ovarian cancer umbrella, together with primary ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas. ...
If Technology Is a Parasite Masquerading as a Symbiont?Are We the Host?

According to William E. Rees, "[a] parasite is an organism that gains its utility by sapping the vitality of its host [2]." A vivid illustration of this can be seen in WIRED science writer, Matt Simon's latest book, Plight of the Living Dead: What Real-Life Zombies Reveal about Our World - and Ourselves. Simon fastens on the startling machinations of "real" parasites and how they turn their hosts into agents of their own propagation. In his opening chapter, Simon zeroes in on Ampulex compressa, the jewel wasp, its "hypnotizing beauty m with big eyes and a precious green sheen to its body m [belying] its belligerence [3]." The unlucky target of her design is a roach. In her first move, the wasp injects her venom loaded stinger between the roach's front legs. Included in the venom's more than two hundred compound brew is the weaponized central nervous system inhibiting neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). For five minutes, GABA paralyzes the roach's ability to block the wasp's next move with its front legs. The now unobstructed wasp removes her stinger and redeploys it to penetrate the now defenseless victim's neck and from there moves into its brain. The wasp, for now at least, is not trying to kill her prey as she feels around for the right spot [actually two spots] in the brain to inject her mind-control potion [3]. These precise locations govern the roach's means of movement. After discharging her venom, the wasp again removes her stinger and lo and behold, in a few minutes the roach, instead of flooding with fear, begins grooming itself as though it hadn't a care in the world.
Sensemaking and crisis revisited: the failure of sensemaking during the Flint water crisis

This study operationalized Weick’s [(1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations. Journal of Management Studies 25(4), 305–317 and (1993). The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann...
The Road to Vienna

The keynote of the memorandum which Castlereagh had drafted for his own guidance at Vienna was non-intervention. This tenet had been the basis of British policy since November 1818, when Castlereagh had declared at Aix-la-Chapelle that the Alliance had no right to intervene in the internal affairs of an independent state. In this case he was referring to the question of Spain and her rebellious colonies, in which England was vitally interested. In February 1820, he reaffirmed that the allies “must not… press us to place ourselves on any ground John Bull will not maintain.” Throughout 1820 and 1821, he intoned this same theme: No nation has the right to intervene in the internal affairs of another; the Alliance was not established for that purpose.2 Castlereagh’s instructions for the Vienna conference, therefore, were but another application of a long established principle of British foreign policy. Castlereagh, indeed, stated that “with respect to Spain, there seems nothing to add to, or vary, in the course of policy hitherto pursued.”3
Solid oxide electrolyte emf cell determination of the standard free energy of Cr2O3 and applications to chromium-bearing mineral systems

Emf measurements are reported on cells using a thoria-yttria solid oxide electrolyte. The measured potentials from two cells, Cr, Cr2O3|ThO2-Y2O3| Co, CoO and Cr, Cr2O3 |ThO2 - Y2O3| Mn, MnO, were used to calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of Cr2O3 in the temperature range 875–1275°C. The two separate series of measurements are in good agreement with critically assessed data from the literature based on gas equilibration and calorimetric results. A summary of solid oxide electrolyte studies on mineral systems is presented with special attention paid to chromium-bearing solutions or compounds. The application of this experimental technique in investigating thermodynamic properties of chromium minerals is discussed.
Vertical Transmission: A Vector-Independent Transmission Pathway of Babesia microti in the Natural Reservoir Host Peromyscus leucopus.

BACKGROUND Babesia microti, a malaria-like pathogen, is increasing in mammal and human populations in endemic areas and is unlikely to be the sole result of horizontal pathogen transmission. METHODS Peromyscus leucopus mice, natural reservoir hosts, were infected via Ixodes scapularis nymphs. Infected parental females (n = 6) produced F1 offspring (n = 36) that were screened for B. microti using quantitative PCR. Xenodiagnostic larvae were fed on infected offspring to determine horizontal transmission and pathogen viability. Fifty engorged larvae were screened; the rest were allowed to molt and then screened to determine transstadial transmission. Infected F1 generation offspring were placed in breeding groups, producing 34 F2 offspring and screened for B. microti infection. Chronic infection was monitored in parental females since time of initial vector infection. RESULTS Vertical transmission of B. microti was 74% efficient in offspring born in the first 6 months. Horizontal transmission occurred in larvae (61% prevalence) and molted nymphs (58% prevalence); these nymphs were able to infect susceptible hosts. F2 generation offspring infection prevalence was 38%. Chronic infection persisted for 1 year in some adults. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that vertical transmission is an important nonvector-mediated pathway of B. microti transmission in the natural reservoir host.
The relationship between muscle activation and handwriting quality with non-native grip styles

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to explore the differences in muscle activity, handwriting legibility, and consistency when using the 4 primary handwriting grip styles: dynamic quadrupod (DQ), dynamic tripod, lateral quadrupod (LQ) and lateral tripod. Study Design and Methods Thirty-four 18-22-year-old participants completed a handwriting legibility test on paper as well as consistency and metrics tests using both surface electromyography and a digital writing tablet. Electromyography was used to measure the activity of 6 muscles associated with handwriting, and the tablet measured stroke duration, length, velocity, and pen pressure. Subjects used each grip style with all protocols and scores were normalized to their native grip. Significance was set at P Results Females had a lower range in legibility scores than males by 3.5% ± 1.7% (p = .046, d = 0.713), but grip style did not impact legibility. The upper trapezius (UT) was more active in the lateral tripod and LQ grips compared to DQ by 16.8% ± 5.2% and by 13.8% ± 5.2%, (p = .007, p = .012, respectively, partial η2 = 0.188). The stroke duration was greater in the LQ grip style than dynamic tripod and DQ grip styles (p = .008, p = .023, respectively; partial η2 = 0.123). Conclusions Lateral grip styles involve more whole-arm, stabilizing movements while dynamic grip styles require fine dexterous movements. Furthermore, females are likely to be able to employ any grip with minimal effect on legibility. For a patient needing guidance in rehabilitation, understanding the differences in grips could aid selection of the optimum grip style to employ based on their muscular control deficits.
Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation

A 32-year-old female with World Health Organization (WHO) group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), presented to the hospital with right lower lobe pneumonia. Her echocardiogram demonstrated severe PAH with a pulmonary artery (PA) systolic pressure of 110 mmHg, an enlarged right ventricle with reduced function, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with left to right shunt, and mild mitral regurgitation.
Tools to Measure the Development Impact of Innovations

Measuring the social and economic impacts of a product or service is a challenge in any context, but particularly among low-income communities. These contexts often lack the infrastructure, institutions, and investment required to assess the long-term benefits and risks of a new healthcare device, sanitation solution, or irrigation technology. Recent innovations in measurement are addressing this challenge. Increasingly, researchers are using sensors, satellites, and mobile platforms to automatically or remotely capture rich, finely resolved data from households and communities. There also is growing use of field experiments—adapted from clinical science—to study the changes introduced by a product’s distribution and use. These tools and techniques are enabling researchers to credibly demonstrate the outcomes of development interventions; they are also generating durable lessons about household demand for products and services. More broadly, they inform the process of technology innovation for development—by providing insights into what works, and what does not.
GABAA, GABAC and glycine receptor‐mediated inhibition differentially affects light‐evoked signalling from mouse retinal rod bipolar cells

Rod bipolar cells relay visual signals evoked by dim illumination from the outer to the inner retina. GABAergic and glycinergic amacrine cells contact rod bipolar cell terminals, where they modulate transmitter release and contribute to the receptive field properties of third order neurones. However, it is not known how these distinct inhibitory inputs affect rod bipolar cell output and subsequent retinal processing. To determine whether GABAA, GABAC and glycine receptors made different contributions to light-evoked inhibition, we recorded light-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (L-IPSCs) from rod bipolar cells mediated by each pharmacologically isolated receptor. All three receptors contributed to L-IPSCs, but their relative roles differed; GABAC receptors transferred significantly more charge than GABAA and glycine receptors. We determined how these distinct inhibitory inputs affected rod bipolar cell output by recording light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (L-EPSCs) from postsynaptic AII and A17 amacrine cells. Consistent with their relative contributions to L-IPSCs, GABAC receptor activation most effectively reduced the L-EPSCs, while glycine and GABAA receptor activation reduced the L-EPSCs to a lesser extent. We also found that GABAergic L-IPSCs in rod bipolar cells were limited by GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition between amacrine cells. We show that GABAA, GABAC and glycine receptors mediate functionally distinct inhibition to rod bipolar cells, which differentially modulated light-evoked rod bipolar cell output. Our findings suggest that modulating the relative proportions of these inhibitory inputs could change the characteristics of rod bipolar cell output.