cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polymer reversal rate calculated via locally scaled diffusion map.

A recent study on the dynamics of polymer reversal inside a nanopore by Huang and Makarov [J. Chem. Phys. 128, 114903 (2008)]10.1063/1.2890006 demonstrated that the reaction rate cannot be reproduced by projecting the dynamics onto a single empirical reaction coordinate, a result suggesting the dynamics of this system cannot be correctly described by using a single collective coordinate. To further investigate this possibility we have applied our recently developed multiscale framework, locally scaled diffusion map (LSDMap), to obtain collective reaction coordinates for this system. Using a single diffusion coordinate, we obtain a reversal rate via Kramers expression that is in good agreement with the exact rate obtained from the simulations. Our mathematically rigorous approach accounts for the local heterogeneity of molecular configuration space in constructing a diffusion map, from which collective coordinates emerge. We believe this approach can be applied in general to characterize complex macromolec...
Posterior pituitary lobectomy abolishes the suckling-induced rise in prolactin (PRL): evidence for a PRL-releasing factor in the posterior pituitary.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of the posterior pituitary in the regulation of PRL release during suckling. Lactating rats were subjectd to posterior pituitary lobectomy (LOBEX) or sham surgery (SHAM) and separation from pups in the evening; experimental manipulations and blood collection were performed the next morning. In the first experiment rats were divided into three groups: SHAM, LOBEX, and LOBEX treated with a vasopressin analog, l-desamino-8-Darginine vasopressin and oxytocin. Plasma PRL levels in SHAM rats increased 20- to 25-fold upon introduction of pups and remained elevated for the duration of suckling. In contrast, basal plasma PRL levels in LOBEX rats were 3- to 4-fold higher than in SHAM but suckling failed to induce a further increase. Treatment of LOBEX rats with l-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin and oxytocin reduced water consumption and allowed for milk ejection and milk intake by the pups but did not restore the suckling-induced rise in PRL. The second experiment t...
Partition Function for Two Level Parabosonic Systems

Two level parabosonic systems are the simplest systems in which the partition function exhibits intrinsic parastatistical behavior. We obtain the thermodynamic partition function for such systems and discuss its important features.
In-capillary determination of creatinine with electrophoretically mediated microanalysis: characterization of the effects of reagent zone and buffer conditions.

Abstract Previous work has demonstrated proof-of-concept for carrying out the clinically useful Jaffe reaction between creatinine and picrate within a capillary tube using electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). Here, it is shown that careful control of reagent plug length as well as concentration and pH of the background electrolyte (BGE) can result in a marked improvement in the sensitivity of this assay. Increasing the length of the picrate reagent zone is shown to give rise to as much as a 3–4-fold enhancement, and increasing the concentration and/or pH of the borate buffer also results in an additional, albeit modest, improvement in sensitivity. Interestingly, borate BGE concentrations approaching 100 mM give rise to an unexplained drop in reaction efficiency, an effect which can be avoided by utilizing lower borate concentration with higher pH. The improvements appear to primarily minimize electrodispersion of the picrate reagent, allowing higher picrate concentration in the reaction zone. The same conditions also appear to minimize the electrodispersion of the in-line product as well. With optimized EMMA parameters, the sensitivity of the in-line Jaffe chemistry can be enhanced to an extent that there is no need for the two capillary “high sensitivity” detection system required in previous work. Using optimized conditions, three different human serum samples spanning the expected clinical range of creatinine concentrations were successfully analyzed. Overall, this work illustrates the importance of systematically characterizing the conditions under which EMMA analyses are carried out.
Polymorphic Analog Instrument Environment

this paper discusses the architecture of an environment for analog tests that is designed to work on a variety of hardware platforms. It employs a resource manager that understands the resources that are available and manages their allocation. The particular brand of instrument is not important, as long as the instrument contains the necessary capabilities. The Analog Instrument Environment contains instrument graphical user interfaces that morph to reflect the capabilities of the target hardware. There is a UI with a common look and feel that queries the hardware for its capabilities, and allows real time interaction with the hardware using the particular instrument's native nomenclature. The environment lets you define analog test steps consisting of a sequence of steps that control and read back results from the instrumentation available. You can run and debug the step, and you can generate the code necessary to run the steps in a Test Program Set (TPS).
On the design of shallow depth T-bar fed slot antennas

The results of an intensive experimental effort directed toward the electrical improvement and size reduction of the T-bar fed, cavity-backed slot antenna are described. The experimental investigation, conducted over the four to one frequency range of 500 to 2000 MHz, was concerned primarily with optimizing the T-bar geometry of an earlier investigation conducted by Newman and Thiele [1]. In the course of this investigation the performance of the T-bar antenna was evaluated with respect to such variable parameters of the T-bar antenna as cavity depth, the T-bar depth from the aperture, and cavity tuning. As a result of these experimental investigations, a T-bar slot antenna evolved that offers a viable solution to some of the unusual design requirements experienced in receiving situations. The T-bar antenna evolving from this investigation is small in size, may be flush mounted with little cavity depth required, and possesses favorable electromagnetic characteristics over a 4:1 frequency range. The results of this investigation can be scaled to other frequency ranges.
Aging-related Deficiency of CD28 Expression in CD4+ T Cells Is Associated with the Loss of Gene-specific Nuclear Factor Binding Activity

Changes in T cell populations and concomitant perturbation of T cell effector functions have been postulated to account for many aging-related immune dysfunctions. Here, we report that high frequencies of CD28(null) CD4+ T cells were found in elderly individuals. Because deviations in the function of these unusual CD4+ T cells might be directly related to CD28 deficiency, we examined the molecular basis for the loss of CD28 expression in CD4+ T cells. In reporter gene bioassays, the minimal promoter of the CD28 gene was mapped to the proximal 400 base pairs (bp) of the 5' untranslated region. CD28 deficiency was associated with the loss of two noncompeting binding activities within a 67-bp segment of the minimal promoter. These binding activities were not competed by consensus Ets, Elk, or AP3 motifs that were found within the sequence stretch. The DNA-protein complexes were also not recognized by antibodies to Ets-related transcription factors. Furthermore, introduction of mutations into the 67-bp segment at positions corresponding to the two DNA-protein interaction sites, i.e. nucleotides spanning -206 to -179 and -171 to -148, resulted in the loss of specific nuclear factor binding activities and the abrogation of promoter activity. These observations implicate at least two regulatory motifs in the constitutive expression of CD28. The loss of binding activity of trans-acting factors specific for these sequences may contribute to the accumulation CD4+CD28(null) T cells during aging.
Why Environmentally Constrained Towns Choose Growth Controls

Growth controls and growth management are nearly as common as progrowth boosterism in parts of the United States. Growth machine and associated urban regime theories propose that mobilized, upper–i...
A world without meta-analysis

Berk criticizes meta-analysis on a host of statistical grounds. The criticisms are thoughtful, and may even seem compelling on first read. However, his criticisms are really a special case of the kinds of criticisms that can be leveled at all scientific endeavor. Science is rife with assumptions of greater or lesser plausibility, no more so in meta-analysis than in primary research. We trust in those assumptions only temporarily and heuristically. The answer is not to abandon ship, but rather to work to improve the endeavor at the margin, hoping that science is self-correcting in the long-run, and that our answers are not too far off despite the weaknesses of the enterprise.
Models and Tools to Evaluate Space Communication Network Capacity

This paper introduces models and tools to assess the communication capacity for highly dynamic and geographically diverse ground stations that loosely collaborate to provide increased satellite connectivity. Communication capacity is the total amount of information exchanged between a network of satellites and ground stations over a finite time period. We outline the major constraints on communication capacity which influence transmission capabilities from the satellite, ground station, and network perspectives. Orbit models are combined with engineering analysis software to compare the capacity of existing and future ground station networks. Simulation results from recent clustered satellite launches and representative ground networks are presented and the capacity properties are discussed. By studying network communication capacity, we find opportunities to optimize communication schedules across federated networks to simultaneously and autonomously support multiple satellites.
A K+ Detector for Use with a Rapid Cycling Bubble Chamber

A detector system has been made to detect the decay of K+ particles generated in nuclear events in the twenty cycles per second hydrogen bubble chamber at the Princeton-Pennsylvania Accelerator. The purpose of this system is to preview each event to minimize the number of non-productive photographs. Ninety-six (96) large plastic scintillator counters form an array covering 180 degrees of the down-stream side of the chamber. Particle discrimination is done by generating a clock timing pulse from counters placed in the incoming beam which enables a set of coincidence gates driven by individual array counters, in such a period as to exclude outputs due to various prompt particles (i. e. the primary beam or the results of various elastic interactions in the chamber). A second level of gating is required to determine if the interaction has occured during a period in which the chamber was sensitive. The output signal is used to trigger a chamber illuminating flash tube to photograph the event.
Quadratic finite elements and incompressible viscous flows

Pressure stabilization methods are applied to higher-order velocity finite elements for application to viscous incompressible flows. Both a standard pressure stabilizing Petrov-Galerkin (PSPG) method and a new polynomial pressure projection stabilization (PPPS) method have been implemented and tested for various quadratic elements in two dimensions. A preconditioner based on relaxing the incompressibility constraint is also tested for the iterative solution of saddle point problems arising from mixed Galerkin finite element approximations to the Navier-Stokes equations. The preconditioner is demonstrated for BB stable elements with discontinuous pressure approximations in two and three dimensions.
Regulation of voltage‐gated K+ channel expression in the developing mammalian myocardium

As in neurons, depolarization-activated, Ca2+-independent outward K+ currents play prominent roles in shaping the waveforms of action potentials in myocardial cells. Several different types of voltage-gated K+ currents that contribute to the distinct phases of action potential repolarization have been characterized in myocardial cells isolated from different species, as well as in cells isolated from different regions of the heart in the same species. Important among these are the transient outward current, I(to), similar to the neuronal K+ current IA, and several components of delayed rectification, including I(Kr)[IK(rapid)], I(Ks)(IK(slow)], and I(Kur)[IK(ultrarapid)]. The properties of these currents in different species and cell types are remarkably similar, suggesting that the molecular correlates of functional voltage-gated K+ channel types are also the same. A number of voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) pore-forming (alpha) and accessory (beta) subunits have now been cloned from heart cDNA libraries, and a variety of experimental approaches are being exploited to determine the molecular relationships between these subunits and functional voltage-gated myocardial K+ channels. Considerable progress has been made recently in defining these relationships, and the results obtained to date indeed suggest that distinct molecular entities underlie the different types of voltage-gated K+ channels characterized electrophysiologically in myocardial cells. Marked changes in the densities and/or the properties of voltage-gated K+ currents occur during normal cardiac development, as well as in conjunction with myocardial damage or disease, and there is considerable interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. Although there is evidence for transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational regulation of functional voltage-gated K+ channel expression, we are only beginning to understand the underlying mechanisms; further studies focussed on delineating the molecular mechanisms controlling functional K+ channel expression are clearly warranted.
Listserver communication during the gulf war: What kind of medium is the electronic bulletin board?

This study of communication on an electronic bulletin board during the Culf War builds on an existing theoretical framework for computer mediated communication and telelogic communication. The study finds that the bulletin board may well be a kind of hybrid communication medium with some characteristics not found in either mass media or face‐to‐face communication, and that it is appropriate to classify the bulletin board by function rather than form. Although the bulletin board studied here resembles a special interest publication, the medium is still evolving and adding second‐level effects that change as users find new ways to expand on existing media formats.
Orotic Acid in Guinea Pig Milk: Changes in Concentration During Lactation

The orotic acid concentration in guinea pig milk decreased rectilinearly beginning on d 1 through a lactation duration of 21 d. Concentration was 29 micrograms/ml on d 1 and 5 micrograms/ml on d 17. On d 18 to 21 it was less than 1 microgram/ml. The regression equation of orotic acid on day of lactation was: Y(micrograms orotic acid per milliliter milk) equals 32.3 - 1.6X (day of lactation) with a correlation coefficient of .94. Total orotic acid on a daily basis peaked on d 6 at 950 micrograms and declined to less than 5 micrograms by d 21. The rectilinear regression equation from d 6 to 21 was as follows: Y(micrograms orotic acid per milliliter milk) equals -1.64 + .68X (grams of milk production per day) with a correlation coefficient of .97. This may be used as a marker for persistency of lactation.
The maturation and coordination of sucking, swallowing, and respiration in preterm infants.

Objectives Our objectives were to establish normative maturational data for feeding behavior of preterm infants from 32 to 36 weeks of postconception and to evaluate how the relation between swallowing and respiration changes with maturation. Study design Twenty-four infants (28 to 31 weeks of gestation at birth) without complications or defects were studied weekly between 32 and 36 weeks after conception. During bottle feeding with milk flowing only when infants were sucking, sucking efficiency, pressure, frequency, and duration were measured and the respiratory phase in which swallowing occurs was also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. Results The sucking efficiency significantly increased between 34 and 36 weeks after conception and exceeded 7 mL/min at 35 weeks. There were significant increases in sucking pressure and frequency as well as in duration between 33 and 36 weeks. Although swallowing occurred mostly during pauses in respiration at 32 and 33 weeks, after 35 weeks swallowing usually occurred at the end of inspiration. Conclusions Feeding behavior in premature infants matured significantly between 33 and 36 weeks after conception, and swallowing infrequently interrupted respiration during feeding after 35 weeks after conception. (J Pediatr 2003;142:36-40)
H I absorption spectra toward MAGPIS supernova remnant candidates

The Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey is an ongoing project to map out the northern Galactic plane in the 21 cm radio continuum. The survey identified 30 probable supernova remnant candidates in the Galactic plane from 18°<l< 32°. H I absorption spectra were taken toward these sources using data from the VLA Galactic Plane Survey. Using both circular and hydrodynamical Galactic rotation models, the corresponding distances were calculated. Of the 30 candidates, distances to nine of them were determined, and another eight sources had their distances constrained with upper and lower bounds. Many of these sources have detectable radio recombination line emission toward them, and we comment on the possible nature of these emissions.
Correlation of initial emergency department pulse oximetry values in asthma severity classes (steps) with the risk of hospitalization.

Abstract Background The oxygen saturation (OSAT) of wheezing children presenting to an emergency department has been shown to be a predictor for hospitalization. The purpose of this study is to determine if hospitalization predictive power can be increased by further stratifying this by the step severity categories (based on chronic symptoms). Methods Data were collected prospectively at 6 centers over a 22-month period on 1219 pediatric patients. Asthma step severity categorization was determined by chronic symptom history. Presenting ED OSAT values, extensive clinical histories (obtained in the ED and during several telephone follow-up calls by study personnel), treatments, and disposition were recorded for each study subject. Results The overall hospitalization rate was 15%. Hospitalization rates in severity step categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 13%, 16%, 13%, and 22% ( P = .008), respectively. Hospitalization rates by presenting OSATs were 98% or higher (6%), 95% to 97% (12%), 93% to 94% (28%), 90% to 92% (45%), 85% to 89% (65%), and 80% to 84% (100%). From 95% to 100% OSAT values, hospitalization rates are similar between the severity groups. In the 93% to 94% OSAT group, the hospitalization rate is 43% in step category 4 patients, compared with 27%, 24%, and 13% for step categories 1, 2, and 3, respectively, but this difference was not statistically significant. At presenting OSAT values of 90% and below, the hospitalization rates are higher but did not differ significantly between the severity step groups. No recognizable trend was present to suggest that the hospitalization predictive value is increased by adding the step severity categories. Conclusions The presenting OSAT is the dominant initial predictor of hospitalization. The step severity categories do not appear to provide substantial additional predictive value for hospitalization.
Reflections on ‘Two Concepts of Rules’

Biographical materials are used to describe the influences of John Rawls’ paper ‘Two Concepts of Rules’ (1955) on my sociological work. The topics of my concern — the phenomenology of the interview...
Los usos comerciales de la caricatura en Cuba: Conrado Walter Massaguer y la revista 'Cinelandia' como dispositivo para la construcción de la hegemonía del 'start system' hollywoodense en la isla

El texto propone un analisis historico-critico de la evolucion de la imagen visual en el marco de la cultura de masas y, en particular, de la caricatura en Cuba como dispositivo de construccion de ideologia en distintas epocas. Se centra en la figura del comunicador visual Conrado Walter Massaguer y uno de sus proyectos comerciales de revista: Cinelandia, asi como el contexto en que emergio. Por ultimo se explican algunas de las estrategias discursivas utilizadas por la publicacion para la consolidacion de la hegemonia norteamericana en Cuba a traves de las estrellas del cine de Hollywood en la decada de 1920, estrategias basadas ante todo en el plano visual, en especial, en los usos ideologicos de la caricatura.
Convective Heat Transfer in Selected Geologic Situations

There are many geological situations where moving ground water transfers a significant amount of heat. Yet, while convective heat transfer is a common phenomenon, it is very difficult to treat analytically. In this paper we present a simple model of convective heat transfer in porous materials and a numerical method of solving the model. The model is then applied to three diverse field situations: (1) a thermal anomaly on the Hartville uplift in eastern Wyoming; (2) a fault-controlled hydrothermal system near Monroe, Utah; and (3) the Luanshya copper mine in the Republic of Zambia. In each case heat transfer by moving ground water is shown to explain the observed thermal anomalies satisfactorily. Our results indicate that in certain situations the effect of ground-water flow needs to be considered in making local and regional assessments of heat-flow data. Furthermore, temperature measurements can be very useful in estimating aquifer recharge, particularly when thermal conductivity and structural information are available.
Factors Influencing Capacity to Judge Direction of Tactile Stimulus Movement on the Face

The influence of stimulus velocity and traverse length on a subject's ability to indicate direction of brush movement across perioral skin was determined using a forced-choice procedure. The data show that correct identification of brush direction increases with traverse length and is optimal for velocities between 3 and 25 cm/sec.
Racism and Mental Health

Abstract Race and its associated concept, racism, have long been linked to social and health problems. In this article, racism as a social construct is defined, and some of the literature on racism and mental health is reviewed. Examples from the literature and the author's research on Black women and depression are used to point out Black women's experiences with racism in the mental health system. (J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc [2002]. 8, 194-9.)
Training Career Practitioners

This article summarizes 8 presentations from Group 8 on the theme “Training of Researchers and Practitioners,” which were part of the 2007 joint symposium of the International Association for Educational and Vocational Guidance, Society for Vocational Psychology, and National Career Development Association held in Padua, Italy. Three themes representing challenges for the profession emerged from the presentations: (a) the need for public policies addressing career development, (b) the need for greater competency standardization, and (c) the need to create innovative training programs. Discussion group participants presented creative strategies for addressing these challenges.
Emergency Department–Initiated Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Trial

RESULTS Seventy-eight percent of patients in the buprenorphine group (89 of 114 [95% CI, 70%-85%]) vs 37% in the referral group (38 of 102 [95% CI, 28%-47%]) and 45% in the brief intervention group (50 of 111 [95% CI, 36%-54%]) were engaged in addiction treatment on the 30th day after randomization (P < .001). The buprenorphine group reduced the number of days of illicit opioid use per week from 5.4 days (95% CI, 5.1-5.7) to 0.9 days (95% CI, 0.5-1.3) vs a reduction from 5.4 days (95% CI, 5.1-5.7) to 2.3 days (95% CI, 1.7-3.0) in the referral group and from 5.6 days (95% CI, 5.3-5.9) to 2.4 days (95% CI, 1.8-3.0) in the brief intervention group (P < .001 for both time and intervention effects; P = .02 for the interaction effect). The rates of urine samples that tested negative for opioids did not differ statistically across groups, with 53.8% (95% CI, 42%-65%) in the referral group, 42.9% (95% CI, 31%-55%) in the brief intervention group, and 57.6% (95% CI, 47%-68%) in the buprenorphine group (P = .17). There were no statistically significant differences in HIV risk across groups (P = .66). Eleven percent of patients in the buprenorphine group (95% CI, 6%-19%) used inpatient addiction treatment services, whereas 37% in the referral group (95% CI, 27%-48%) and 35% in the brief intervention group (95% CI, 25%-37%) used inpatient addiction treatment services (P < .001).
How can Lukoho be his own grandfather? Being and becoming in the Cartesian gap

Anthropology, like most other branches of modern philosophy, dwells in the Cartesian gap. While a majority of anthropologists seem resigned to the fact that the separation of mind from body is intellectually inevitable, even analytically indispensable, others have been disturbed by the flow of ethnographic evidence from around the world which suggests that this distinction is not epistemologically universal. This speculative essay considers how such exotic understandings may advise us about ways in which the Cartesian gap might be bridged, if not actually closed. Lukoho, an East African boy who is his own grandfather, apparently subverts the Cartesian premise that one person (or mind, or soul, or similar impalpable entity) cannot normally inhabit more than one body. The explanation we anthropologists would most readily offer is that such a relationship is merely metaphorical, a manner of speaking: that for certain purposes one Lukoho is regarded as ‘like’ the other. This article proposes that the phenomena we imagine discretely as ‘mind’ and ‘body’ in such cases may be better construed as emergent properties of human life, imagined not as the individual passage from birth to death, but as a process of becoming which necessarily goes on between people, and in which personal identities may temporarily merge. Resume Comme la plupart des autres branches de la philosophie moderne, l'anthropologie est marquee par le clivage cartesien. Alors qu'une majorite des anthropologues s'est apparemment resignee, au fait que la separation de l'esprit et du corps est intellectuellement ineluctable, voire indispensable pour l'analyse, d'autres sont troubles par l'afflux d'indices ethnographiques venus du monde entier qui suggerent que cette dichotomie n'est pas epistemologiquement universelle. Cet article explore la facon dont ces concepts exotiques peuvent nous renseigner sur la maniere dont le « fosse » cartesien pourrait etre franchi, voire referme. Lukoho, un jeune garcon d'Afrique de l'Est qui est son propre grand-pere, subvertit en apparence le principe cartesien selon lequel une personne (un esprit, une âme, ou autre entite impalpable similaire) ne peut normalement pas habiter plus d'un corps. L'explication que les anthropologues donnent le plus volontiers est que cette relation est simplement metaphorique, que c'est une facon de parler, qu'a certaines fins, un Lukoho est considere« comme »etant l'autre. L'auteur suggere ici que le phenomene que nous imaginons forme de « l'esprit » et du « corps » separes pourrait utilement, dans de tels cas, etre envisage comme les proprietes emergentes de la vie humaine, imaginees non pas comme le passage individuel de la naissance a la mort mais comme un processus de devenir qui se poursuit necessairement d'un individu a l'autre et dans lequel les identites personnelles peuvent fusionner temporairement.
A polynomial dimensional decomposition for stochastic computing

This article presents a new polynomial dimensional decomposition method for solving stochastic problems commonly encountered in engineering disciplines and applied sciences. The method involves a hierarchical decomposition of a multivariate response function in terms of variables with increasing dimensions, a broad range of orthonormal polynomial bases consistent with the probability measure for Fourier-polynomial expansion of component functions, and an innovative dimension-reduction integration for calculating the coefficients of the expansion. The new decomposition method does not require sample points as in the previous version; yet, it generates a convergent sequence of lower-variate estimates of the probabilistic characteristics of a generic stochastic response. The results of five numerical examples indicate that the proposed decomposition method provides accurate, convergent, and computationally efficient estimates of the tail probability of random mathematical functions or the reliability of mechanical systems.
Reduced Skeletal Muscle Inhibitor of κBβ Content Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: Reversal by Exercise Training

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It recently has been hypothesized that excessive activity of the inhibitor of kappaB (IkappaB)/nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) inflammatory pathway is a mechanism underlying skeletal muscle insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether IkappaB/NFkappaB signaling in muscle from subjects with type 2 diabetes is abnormal. We studied IkappaB/NFkappaB signaling in vastus lateralis muscle from six subjects with type 2 diabetes and eight matched control subjects. Muscle from type 2 diabetic subjects was characterized by a 60% decrease in IkappaB beta protein abundance, an indicator of increased activation of the IkappaB/NFkappaB pathway. IkappaB beta abundance directly correlated with insulin-mediated glucose disposal (Rd) during a hyperinsulinemic (40 mU x m(-2) x min(-1))-euglycemic clamp (r = 0.63, P = 0.01), indicating that increased IkappaB/NFkappaB pathway activity is associated with muscle insulin resistance. We also investigated whether reversal of this abnormality could be a mechanism by which training improves insulin sensitivity. In control subjects, 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training caused a 50% increase in both IkappaB alpha and IkappaB beta protein. In subjects with type 2 diabetes, training increased IkappaB alpha and IkappaB beta protein to levels comparable with that of control subjects, and these increments were accompanied by a 40% decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha muscle content and a 37% increase in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In summary, subjects with type 2 diabetes have reduced IkappaB protein abundance in muscle, suggesting excessive activity of the IkappaB/NFkappaB pathway. Moreover, this abnormality is reversed by exercise training.
Femoral Head Fractures.

Femoral head fractures are consequential but uncommon injuries. Because of their relatively rare occurrence, large series with validated outcomes have not been published, to our knowledge. However, the available literature provides important insights into the treatment of these challenging fractures. Understanding the anatomy, injury mechanism, and principles of treatment are essential for providing sound care and maximizing the chance of a good outcome. The osseous anatomy and supporting soft tissues of the hip create an inherently stable articulation. The femoral head is deeply seated within the acetabulum; the surrounding fibrocartilaginous labrum further contributes to stability. The capsuloligamentous structures (iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral ligaments) are also important stabilizers of the hip. The intra-osseous and extra-osseous blood supply of the femoral head can be disrupted following a fracture-dislocation of, or during an operative approach to, the hip. The primary intra-osseous blood supply to the weight-bearing surface of the femoral head is from the deep branch of the medial femoral circumflex artery1-3. The medial femoral circumflex artery has two major branches, the superior and inferior retinacular arteries, although reports of the constancy of inferior retinacular branches vary2,4. The medial epiphyseal artery usually supplies the perifoveal region of the head1, and contributions from the …
Linkage of an IDH locus with sex and two lethals in Aedes aegypti

A previously unmapped isocitrate dehydrogenase (DH) locus has been mapped on chromosome 1 in Aedes aedes aegypti. No recombination between this and sex was observed in any of the several hundred instances where crossing over could have been detected. Within an isofemale line from Daker, two ldh-1 alleles are in linkage disequilibrium with two lethal loci. The two lethals complement one another, and show no recombination with sex or ldh-1. Recombination between bz and ldh-1 was demonstrated, placing ldh-1 very close to Me and sw. The results show that in two natural populations, ldh-1 and sex are in linkage disequilibrium with each other and most probably with the two lethal loci also. The distribution of ldh-1 variation world-wide and the implications of sex-linked lethals are discussed.
Die „stumme Balz“: Lautäußerungen männlicher Kaukasusbirkhühner (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) auf dem Balzplatz

Anstelle eines vokalen Gesangs bringen Kaukasusbirkhahne auf dem Balzplatz fast nur Instrumentallaute hervor, die nicht sehr weit tragen. Wahrend des Fluges wechseln sich metallisch klingende Gleitphasen unterschiedlicher Dauer mit zwitschernden Schlagphasen ab. Die niedrigen, in Serien auftretenden Flattersprunge sind ebenfalls mit zwitscherndem Schall verbunden. Das akustische Phanomen last in aller Regel 7 aufeinander folgende Flugelschlage in auserordentlich formkonstanter Anordnung erkennen. Die Hennen verfugen fakultativ uber die Moglichkeit, neben normalem gerauschhaftem den metallisch-zwitschernden Flugschall zu erzeugen. Die Produktionsstatte des Schalls liegt in den beiden Flugeln. Zweistimmigkeit ist moglich. Daneben verfugen die Hahne uber einen schwachen krachzenden Stimmlaut, der mit weit geoffnetem Schnabel in aggressiven Situationen und bei der Werbung hervorgebracht wird.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Transposed Cycle

Due to the increased interest in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) based propulsion systems operating on the fundamental transposed-cycle (AJAX) the thermodynamic basis for selecting the cycle is reviewed. The fundamental transposedcycle is defined by the turbine-burner-compressor configuration. The thermodynamic analysis of this configuration demonstrates that for a nontemperature limited engine the Bray ton Cycle will always yield higher values of specific thrust. When temperature limitations are imposed the transposed-cycle can yield higher specific thrust at the cost of increased specific fuel consumption.
Ballot Titles and Voter Decision Making on Ballot Questions

From gay marriage to taxation to environmental issues, many of our nation’s most important policy issues are decided by voters through ballot questions. Conventional wisdom holds that information provided on the ballot about the ballot questions heavily influences voters’ choices in those elections, but there is little empirical evidence of this. We apply theories of framing to voters’ choices on ballot questions and design an experiment to test the hypothesis that ballot title wording influences voters’ decisions. Even on a matter that is hotly contested and where the policy is relatively noncomplex and relatively well understood by voters, we find strong framing effects for changes in ballot title wording, though the effects are driven primarily by influencing whether individuals who previously supported the measure abstained from participation.
Photoactive Ru(II) Complexes With Dioxinophenanthroline Ligands Are Potent Cytotoxic Agents

Two novel strained ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes containing a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]-1,10-phenanthroline (dop) ligand selectively ejected a methylated ligand when irradiated with >400 nm light. The best compound exhibited a 1880-fold increase in cytotoxicity in human cancer cells upon light-activation and was 19-fold more potent than the well-known chemotherapeutic, cisplatin.
“The Bone Collectors” Comments for Sorrow as Artifact: Black Radical Mothering in Times of Terror†

This essay is based on comments for the panel Sorrow as Artifact: Black Radical Mothering in Times of Terror. Historically, Black mothers have faced the loss of their children in a myriad of ways, through enslavement, infant mortality, and police and state sanctioned violence. The normalizations of these losses are violent in and of themselves. In this discussion, we see that Black motherhood and mothering cannot escape being a site of political struggle animated by the labor of pain and terror. Simultaneously, radical Black mothering challenges the erasure of Black children and their exclusion from societal concern.
Enhanced Salt Removal in an Inverted Capacitive Deionization Cell Using Amine Modified Microporous Carbon Cathodes

Microporous SpectraCarb carbon cloth was treated using nitric acid to enhance negative surface charges of COO– in a neutral solution. This acid-treated carbon was further modified by ethylenediamine to attach −NH2 surface functional groups, resulting in positive surface charges of −NH3+ via pronation in a neutral solution. Through multiple characterizations, in comparison to pristine SpectraCarb carbon, amine-treated SpectraCarb carbon displays a decreased potential of zero charge but an increased point of zero charge, which is opposed to the effect obtained for acid-treated SpectraCarb carbon. An inverted capacitive deionization cell was constructed using amine-treated cathodes and acid-treated anodes, where the cathode is the negatively polarized electrode and the anode is the positively polarized electrode. Constant-voltage switching operation using NaCl solution showed that the salt removal capacity was approximately 5.3 mg g–1 at a maximum working voltage of 1.1/0 V, which is an expansion in both the...
Exercise-induced Nrf2-signaling is impaired in aging.

Abstract Purpose The transcription factor nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of antioxidant defense. Data from animal studies suggest exercise elicits significant increases in Nrf2 signaling, and that signaling is impaired with aging resulting in decreased induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes and greater susceptibility to oxidative damage. We have previously shown that older adults have lower resistance to an oxidative challenge as compared to young, and that this response is modified with physical fitness and phytonutrient intervention. We hypothesized that a single bout of submaximal exercise would elicit increased nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, and that this response to exercise would be attenuated with aging. Methods Nrf2 signaling in response to 30-min cycling at 70% VO 2 max was compared in young (23±1y, n=10) and older (63±1, n=10) men. Blood was collected at six time points; pre-exercise, and 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Nrf2 signaling was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by measuring protein expression by western blot of Nrf2 in whole cell and nuclear fractions, and whole cell SOD1, and HMOX, as well as gene expression (RT-PCR) of downstream Nrf2-ARE antioxidants SOD1, HMOX, and NQO1 . Results Baseline differences in protein expression did not differ between groups. The exercise trial elicited significant increase in whole cell Nrf2 ( P =0.003) for both young and older groups. Nuclear Nrf2 levels were increased significantly in the young but not older group ( P =0.031). Exercise elicited significant increases in gene expression of HMOX1 and NQO1 in the young ( P =0.006, and P =0.055, respectively) whereas gene expression in the older adults was repressed. There were no significant differences in SOD1 or HMOX1 protein expression. Conclusion These findings indicate a single session of submaximal aerobic exercise is sufficient to activate Nrf2 at the whole cell level in both young and older adults, but that nuclear import is impaired with aging. Additionally we have shown repressed gene expression of downstream antioxidant targets of Nrf2 in older adults. Together these translational data demonstrate for the first time the attenuation of Nrf2 activity in response to exercise in older adults.
Laboratory testing samples of respiratory symptom from 2007 to 2008 in Anshan

Objective:To know the pathogen that caused respiratory tract disease in Anshan and adopt scientific control measures timely.Methods: Sampling testing analysis on patients with respiratory in Anshan.Results: Collecting specimens of respinatong swabs 260 sample,tested positive 150 sample.Including 56 rhinovirus,26 mycoplasma,28 influenza virus,15 pneumonia chlamydia,6 vice fiu virus,2 intestinal virus.Conclusion: The test shows that the 260 types of patients with respiratory tract infection play an important role in Anshan pathogenic disease control and prevention.
The Social and Psychological Impact of the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks: A Discursive Analysis

The social and psychological effects of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks were analyzed via the Hermeneutic-Dialectic mode of inquiry. An informal and spontaneous discussion among four young...
Preparation of Synaptosomes from the Motor Cortex of Motor Skill Trained Mice

Learning and memory are thought to occur due to changes in synaptic strength. Strengthening of synapses due to Long Term Potentiation mechanisms are mediated by increases in synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) levels. Here we describe a protocol to isolate and quantify synaptic AMPAR subunit GluA1 levels from the motor cortex of mice which have undergone motor skill training.
Nutrition and Fish Health

Publisher Summary Proper nutrition has long been recognized as a critical factor in promoting normal growth and sustaining health of fish. Artificial diets manufactured from various feedstuffs are the primary source of nutrition in intensive aquaculture. Prepared diets not only provide the essential nutrients that are required for normal physiological functioning but also may serve as the medium by which fish are exposed to other components, which may affect their health either positively or negatively. A deficiency of any nutrient, if severe enough, can adversely affect fish health either directly, by impairing metabolic functions, or indirectly, by making fish more susceptible to opportunistic disease-causing agents. Arginine, an amino acid, is involved in the synthesis of nitric oxide via nitric oxide synthase, which is inducible in fish. It has been shown to have numerous beneficial effects on T cell-mediated immunity in various animal models and in humans. Some structural carbohydrates associated with the cell walls of yeast and fungi such as β -glucans and mannan oligosaccharides have also shown to enhance the immune response of some fish species. Two promising nonnutritive dietary supplements to potentially aid in disease control of fish are immunostimulants and probiotics. Immunostimulants increase disease resistance by enhancing host defense mechanisms against pathogenic microorganisms, while probiotics decrease the frequency and abundance of pathogenic or opportunistically pathogenic organisms in the environment.
Habitat fragmentation differentially affects trophic levels and alters behavior in a multi-trophic marine system

Seagrass, an important subtidal marine ecosystem, is being lost at a rate of 110 km2 year−1, leading to fragmented seagrass seascapes. Habitat fragmentation is predicted to affect trophic levels differently, with higher trophic levels being more sensitive, stressing the importance of a multi-trophic perspective. Utilizing the trophic relationship between the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), where adult blue crabs prey on juvenile blue crabs, and juvenile blue crabs prey on small hard clams, we examined whether predation rates, abundance, and behavior of predators and prey differed between continuous and fragmented seagrass in a multi-trophic context at two sites in Barnegat Bay, NJ. We tested the hypothesis that fragmented habitats would differentially affect trophic levels within a tri-trophic system, and our results supported this hypothesis. Densities of adult blue crabs were higher in fragmented than continuous habitats. Densities of juvenile blue crabs, the primary predator of hard clams, were lower in fragmented habitats than continuous, potentially due to increased predation by adult blue crabs. Clams experienced lower predation and burrowed to a shallower depth in fragmented habitats than in continuous habitat, likely due in part to the low densities of juvenile blue crabs, their primary predator. Our results suggest that while trophic levels are differentially affected, the impact of habitat fragmentation may be stronger on intermediate rather than top trophic levels in some marine systems.
A Point Kinetics Model for Estimating Neutron Multiplication of Bare Uranium Metal in Tagged Neutron Measurements

An extension of the point kinetics model is developed to describe the neutron multiplicity response of a bare uranium object under interrogation by an associated particle imaging deuterium–tritium (D-T) measurement system. This extended model is used to estimate the total neutron multiplication of the uranium. Both MCNPX-PoliMi simulations and data from active interrogation measurements of highly enriched and depleted uranium geometries are used to evaluate the potential of this method and to identify the sources of systematic error. The detection efficiency correction for measured coincidence response is identified as a large source of systematic error. If the detection process is not considered, results suggest that the method can estimate total multiplication to within 13% of the simulated value. Values for multiplicity constants in the point kinetics equations are sensitive to enrichment due to ( $n$ , xn) interactions by D-T neutrons and can introduce another significant source of systematic bias. This can theoretically be corrected if isotopic composition is known a priori . The spatial dependence of multiplication is also suspected of introducing further systematic bias for high multiplication uranium objects.