cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modification of inhibitor binding sites in the cytochrome bf complex by directed mutagenesis of cytochrome b6 in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002

Abstract The cytochrome bf complex, which links electron transfer from photosystem II to photosystem I in oxygenic photosynthesis, has not been amenable to site-directed mutagenesis in cyanobacteria. Using the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, we have successfully modified the cytochrome b6 subunit of the cytochrome bf complex. Single amino acid substitutions in cytochrome b6 at the positions D148, A154, and S159 revealed altered binding of the quinol-oxidation inhibitors 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB), myxothiazol, and stigmatellin. Cytochrome bf and mitochondrial-type cytochrome bc1 complexes are closely related in structure and function but exhibit quite different inhibitor specificities. Cytochrome bf complexes are insensitive to myxothiazol and sensitive to DBMIB, whereas cytochrome bc1 complexes are sensitive to myxothiazol and relatively insensitive to DBMIB. Measurements of flash-induced and steady-state electron transfer rates through the cytochrome bf complex revealed increased resistance to DBMIB in the mutants A154G and S159A, increased resistance to stigmatellin in A154G, and created sensitivity to myxothiazol in the mutant D148G. Therefore these mutations made the cytochrome bf complex more like the cytochrome bc1 complex. This work demonstrates that cyanobacteria can be used as effective models to investigate structure–function relationships in the cytochrome bf complex.
Political Geography and the Environment.

Abstract A new political geography has emerged that stresses the political conflict behind the production of space. This orientation in the subdiscipline constitutes a turn away from traditional political geography, where the emphasis had previously been on the spatial distribution of political phenomena. The “new” political geographic theory has been applied to the study of environmental issues, turning the attention of scholars to the political struggle behind the construction of nature as well as space. This article reviews how the new political geography of the environment (NPGE) perspective has impacted the study of such environmental phenomena as hazards, siting issues, human-land relationships, resources, development, and international environmental governance. It concludes by suggesting how the NPGE perspective can inform pedagogy in environmental education.
Sodium-potassium niobates and tantalates

Abstract A mixed alkali metal niobate, Na4K4Nb6O19·9H2O and a tantalate, Na3K5Ta6O19·10H2O were isolated by crystallization from sodium hydroxide-potassium hydroxide solutions. Their compositions were determined by chemical analyses, and their existence as well-defined phases was demonstrated by phase plots and powder diffraction patterns. It was possible to achieve a partial separation of niobium from tantalum by taking advantage of the difference between the precipitation rates of the respective salts.
Expression analysis of the human testis‐specific serine/threonine kinase (TSSK) homologues. A TSSK member is present in the equatorial segment of human sperm

Two members of the human testis-specific serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinase family, TSSK 1 and TSSK 2, were cloned and sequenced from a human testis adaptor-ligated cDNA library using a PCR strategy. Within the cDNA, open reading frames (ORF) were defined encoding proteins of 367 and 358 amino acids respectively, as well as conserved kinase domains typical of the superfamily of Ser/Thr kinases. Both genes were intronless and mapped to chromosomes 5 and 22 respectively. The human and mouse homologues of TSSK 1 and TSSK 2, together with TSSK 3 and SSTK/FKSG82, constitute a kinase subfamily closely related to the calmodulin kinases and SNF/nim 1 kinase subfamilies. Similar to the mouse, tissue expression by northern and dot blot analysis revealed that human TSSK 1 and 2 messages are expressed exclusively in the testis. However, mRNA for these kinases can be detected in other tissues using real-time PCR. In addition, TSKS, the human homologue of a putative substrate of TSSK 1 and 2, was cloned. TSKS had an ORF of 592 amino acids and was also expressed exclusively in the testis as demonstrated by northern and dot blot analyses; however, lower levels of expression in other tissues were detected using real-time PCR. Human TSSK 2 and TSKS interacted in a yeast two-hybrid system and also co-immunoprecipitated after in vitro translation. TSSK 2 expressed in yeast and bacteria was able to autophosphorylate and also phosphorylated recombinant TSKS in vitro. Antibodies against recombinant TSSK 2 demonstrated that a member of the TSSK family was present in human testis and localized to the equatorial segment of ejaculated human sperm. In contrast, TSKS was only found in the testis. The finding of a TSSK family member in mature sperm suggests that this family of kinases might play a role in sperm function.
A shape- and texture-based enhanced Fisher classifier for face recognition

This paper introduces a new face coding and recognition method, the enhanced Fisher classifier (EFC), which employs the enhanced Fisher linear discriminant model (EFM) on integrated shape and texture features. Shape encodes the feature geometry of a face while texture provides a normalized shape-free image. The dimensionalities of the shape and the texture spaces are first reduced using principal component analysis, constrained by the EFM for enhanced generalization. The corresponding reduced shape and texture features are then combined through a normalization procedure to form the integrated features that are processed by the EFM for face recognition. Experimental results, using 600 face images corresponding to 200 subjects of varying illumination and facial expressions, show that (1) the integrated shape and texture features carry the most discriminating information followed in order by textures, masked images, and shape images, and (2) the new coding and face recognition method, EFC, performs the best among the eigenfaces method using L/sub 1/ or L/sub 2/ distance measure, and the Mahalanobis distance classifiers using a common covariance matrix for all classes or a pooled within-class covariance matrix. In particular, EFC achieves 98.5% recognition accuracy using only 25 features.
Trigger grouping: a scalable approach to large scale information monitoring

Information change monitoring services are becoming increasingly useful as more and more information is published on the Web. A major research challenge is how to make the service scalable to serve millions of monitoring requests. Such services usually use soft triggers to model users' monitoring requests. We have developed an effective trigger grouping scheme to optimize the trigger processing. The main idea behind this scheme is to reduce repeated computation by grouping monitoring requests of similar structures together. In this paper, we evaluate our approach using both measurements on real systems and simulations. The study shows significant performance gains using the trigger grouping approach. Moreover, the gains are critically dependent on group size and group size distribution (e.g., Zipf). We also discuss the benefit, trade-off, and runtime characteristics of the proposed approach.
Defect Analysis and Defect Tolerant Design of Multi-port SRAMs

Multi-port SRAMs are often implemented using static random access memory (SRAM) due to its fast operation and the ability to support multiple read and write operations simultaneously, thus increasing data throughput in embedded systems and meeting the expected demands of parallel or pipelined microprocessors. With the continuous scaling of transistor feature size, designing low power robust memories and investigating their failure characteristics become critical. In this paper, we study the defects occurring in the multi-port SRAM cells. The memory is modeled at the transistor level and analyzed for electrical defects by applying a set of test patterns. Not only have existing models been taken into account in our simulation but also a new fault model, namely, simultaneous deceptive destructive read fault for the multi-port memory is introduced. In addition, we extend our study to the defect tolerant design of memories by proposing a differential current-mode sense amplifier for 3-port SRAM based register file. We examine the fault models of resistive defects within the SRAM cell and its failure boundary. A read disturb fault for multi-port memories is tested on the faulty cell by simultaneous read operations with different numbers of ports. Experimental results show that the proposed current-mode sensing scheme has improvements for memory fault-tolerance of resistive defects at 4.6× for dual-port read and 5.8× for 3-port read compared to voltage-mode sensing with 0.18 μm manufacturing process technology.
The success of reverse logistics in supporting the environment: the case of the computer industry

Reverse logistics deals with the movement of products from consumers back to the producers. It is the process of collecting these used products, breaking them down into their initial components and distributing them to be reused, recycled or disposed of. The remanufacturing of used products has become accepted and identified as an advantage for corporations. This paper provides content analysis of scientific literature written on the topic of reverse logistics. In addition, we provide an overview of particular issues such as the environmental and economic benefits, the relevant costs incurred and savings, location, transportation and third-party demanufacturing. Furthermore, this study provides examples of how Dell and IBM have implemented reverse logistics in their corporations. Computer companies are one such industry, which reverse logistics has had an impact on. Research has shown that the use of reverse logistics has created a competitive advantage for companies.
An emerging paradigm for the investigation of spirituality in nursing

A paradigm is presented as a perspective for the investigation of spirituality in nursing. Elements in the paradigm include assumptions about the self-transcendent nature of human beings as derived from the developmental-contextual worldview, a description of spirituality in terms of various forms of connectedness integral to human development and health, and assumptions about the empirical and multidimensional nature of spirituality. Extant sources of conceptual, empirical, and clinical knowledge are utilized to support the ideas put forth in the emerging paradigm. It is concluded that the study of spirituality from the perspective of the paradigm would entail examination of the multiple expressions of connectedness intrapersonally, interpersonally, and transpersonally as related to human health and well-being.
Goodput estimation for an access node buffer carrying correlated video traffic

We present an algorithm to estimate analytically the frame goodput of a correlated MPEG-2 video source that traverses a first network node's buffer; where frame goodput is defined as the ratio of the number of cells in completely and correctly transmitted frames through the buffer to the total number of cells arriving at the buffer. The effect on the frame goodput of changing the output-to-input line speeds is also investigated. By using this algorithm, a buffer that is three times the maximum frame size is seen to yield loss probability of 10/sup -6/ at a normalized output line rate of 0.28 for a load of 20%. A maximum simulation error margin of /spl plusmn/30% for values of the order of 10/sup -5/ with a 98% confidence was achieved.
FPGA fault tolerant arithmetic logic: a case study using parallel-prefix adders

This paper examines fault tolerant adder designs implemented on FPGAs which are inspired by the methods of modular redundancy, roving, and gradual degradation. A parallel-prefix adder based upon the Kogge-Stone configuration is compared with the simple ripple carry adder (RCA) design. The Kogge-Stone design utilizes a sparse carry tree complemented by several smaller RCAs. Additional RCAs are inserted into the design to allow fault tolerance to be achieved using the established methods of roving and gradual degradation. A triple modular redundant ripple carry adder (TMR-RCA) is used as a point of reference. Simulation and experimental measurements on a Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA platform are carried out. The TMR-RCA is found to have the best delay performance and most efficient resource utilization for an FPGA fault-tolerant implementation due to the simplicity of the approach and the use of the fast-carry chain. However, the superior performance of the carry-tree adder over an RCA in a VLSI implementation makes this proposed approach attractive for ASIC designs.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of (±)-Z-huperzine A

Abstract The synthesis of (±)-Z-huperzine A has been accomplished and the ability of this agent to inhibit acetylcholinesterase has been measured. The compound has an IC50 of 6 x 10−6 M, which is comparable to that of huperzine B.
PP-MESS-SIM: a simulator for evaluating multicomputer interconnection networks

Presents PP-MESS-SIM, an object-oriented discrete-event simulation environment for evaluating multicomputer networks. The simulator provides a toolbox of various network topologies, communication workloads, routing-switching algorithms, and router models. These router models can vary from high-level architectures to low-level specification of actual devices. By decoupling individual parts of the code, PP-MESS-SIM enables independent code development and creates a flexible and extensible environment for evaluating different aspects of network design. Sample simulation experiments capitalize on this flexibility to compare routing-switching schemes under various application workloads. >
Modern Art and Oblivion: An Introduction

The modern period, especially the early twentieth century, has customarily been figured as the age of the avant-garde, a period in which art production was characterised by rejection of the past, of tradition, and of memory. The aggressive rhetoric of the Italian Futurists typifies this construction of modernism: “We stand on the last promontory of the centuries!” Marinetti wrote in 1909. “Why should we look back, when what we want is to break down the mysterious doors of the Impossible? Time and Space died yesterday. We already live in the absolute, because we have created eternal, omnipresent speed”.1 The Futurist project may have inspired several generations of modern artists to dedicate their work, as did Piet Mondrian, to the men of the future, but despite their repeated efforts to consign memory to oblivion, they were all deeply implicated in constructions of the past. Indeed, as Derrida’s model of critical analysis has taught us, the modernists’ obsessively reiterated paeans to the future can just as easily be understood in reverse perspective as an obsession with the past.
Dose-Dependent Pharmacokinetics and Psychomotor Effects of Caffeine in Humans

Twelve healthy volunteers received oral placebo, 250 mg of caffeine, and 500 mg of caffeine in a randomized, double-blind, single-dose crossover study. Caffeine kinetics were nonlinear, with clearance significantly reduced and elimination half-life prolonged at the 500-mg compared to the 250-mg dose. The lower dose of caffeine produced more favorable subjective effects than the higher dose (elation, peacefulness, pleasantness), whereas unpleasant effects (tension, nervousness, anxiety, excitement, irritability, nausea, palpitations, restlessness) following the 500-mg dose exceeded those of the 250-mg dose. The lower dose of caffeine enhanced performance on the digit symbol substitution test and a tapping speed test compared to placebo; high-dose caffeine produced less performance enhancement than the lower dose. The plasma concentration versus response relationship revealed concentration-dependent increases in anxiety and improvements in cognitive and motor performance at low to intermediate concentrations. Both caffeine doses reduced electroencephalographic amplitude over the 4 Hz to 30 Hz spectrum, as well as in the alpha (8-11 Hz) and beta (12-30 Hz) ranges; however, effects were not dose-dependent. While favorable subjective and performance-enhancing stimulant effects occur at low to intermediate caffeine doses, the unfavorable subjective and somatic effects, as well as performance disruption, from high doses of caffeine may intrinsically limit the doses of caffeine used in the general population.
That Which Does Not Stabilize, Will Only Make Us Stronger

Many places in the world are too rugged or enclosed for vehicles to access. Even today, material transport to such areas is limited to manual labor and beasts of burden. Modern advancements in wearable robotics may make those methods obsolete. Lower extremity exoskeletons seek to supplement the intelligence and sensory systems of a human with the significant strength and endurance of a pair of wearable robotic legs that support a payload. This article first outlines the use of Clinical Gait Analysis data as the framework for the design of such a system at UC Berkeley. This data is used to design the exoskeleton degrees of freedom and size its actuators. It will then give an overview of one of the control schemes implemented on the BLEEX. The control algorithm described here increases the system closed loop sensitivity to its wearer's forces and torques without any measurement from the wearer (such as force, position, or electromyogram signal). The control algorithm uses the inverse dynamics of the exoskeleton, scaled by a number smaller than unity, as a positive feedback controller. This controller almost destabilizes the system since it leads to an overall loop gain slightly smaller than unity and results in a large sensitivity to all wearer's forces and torques thereby allowing the exoskeleton to shadow its wearer.
Phase error model for simple Fourier transform lenses

The effects of amplitude nonuniformities and phase errors on the accuracy of the optical Fourier transform are considered for the case of a simple lens. A quadratic phase model is derived, analyzed, and compared to experimental and point-by-point optical path difference data. The goal is to determine the lens specifications needed to produce an optical Fourier transform of given accuracy rather than the design of the lens itself.
Modal Personhood and Moral Status: A Reply to Kagan's Proposal

Kagan argues that human beings who are neither persons nor even potential persons — if their impairment is independent of genetic constitution — are modal persons: individuals who might have been persons. Moreover, he proposes a view according to which both (actual) personhood and modal personhood are sufficient for counting more, morally, than nonhuman animals. In response to this proposal, I raise one relatively minor concern about Kagan's reasoning — that he judges too quickly that insentient beings can have interests — before engaging the appeal to modal personhood. I challenge the thesis that modal personhood is relevant to one's moral status, first, by way of analogy to a kicker who misses a field goal though he might have made it; second, by casting doubt on implications for two impaired infants (only one of whom might have been a person); and, finally, by examining implications for dogs who would count as modal persons when genetic enhancements are capable of transforming them into persons.
Firm Sizes: Facts, Formulae, Fables and Fantasies

Recently discovered facts concerning the size distribution of U.S. firms are recapitulated - in short, these sizes are closely approximated by the Zipf distribution, a Pareto (power law) distribution with exponent of unity. Interesting consequences of this result are then developed, having primarily to do with formulae for the distribution's moments, and difficulties of reasonably characterizing a 'typical' firm. Then, a leading candidate explanation for these data - the Kesten random growth process - is assessed in terms of its realism vis-a-vis actual firm growth. Insofar as it has fluctuations that are quite different in character from actual firm size variability, the Kesten and related stochastic growth processes qualify more as fables of firm growth than as credible explanations. Finally, new explanations of the facts are proposed by considering firms to be partitions of the set of all workers. Assuming all partitions to be equally likely, the observed distribution of firm sizes is hypothesized to be the distribution of block sizes in the most likely partitions. An alternative derivation of this distribution as a constrained optimization problem is also described. Given that these calculations involve unimaginably vast magnitudes, it seems just short of fantastic to consider them relevant empirically.
Better Know a District: Competition, Demographics, Ideology and the Use of Pollsters in the 2010 U.S. House Elections

Why do some congressional candidates hire pollsters, while others do not? Prior work claims candidates hire them when they face close contests. This argument does not explain the selection of pollsters in uncompetitive races, especially by incumbents, who also use pollsters to monitor the ramifications of some demographic changes in their districts and ideological incongruity with the constituencies. These determinants should be evident for the use of the most prestigious pollsters, and I argue that candidates hold in higher demand those survey research specialists who have worked for party campaign committees than those without party ties. But while challengers in close races can attract the services of these firms, incumbents in some vulnerable contexts, such as facing experienced challengers, are less able to do so. This study shows that constituency conditions and voter attitudes beyond electoral competition alone shape candidate use of pollsters, who serve representational needs to the extent they ar...
FTIR study of CO2 adsorption on amine-grafted SBA-15: Elucidation of adsorbed species

The interaction between amines and CO2 offers a possible route for the catalytic activation of CO2. In situ infrared spectroscopy was used to study the interaction of CO2 with amine-grafted SBA-15. We employed three different types of amine-grafted SBA-15 surfaces to quantify the effect distinct tethered amine moieties have on the chemistry of CO2 interacting with amine-grafted SBA-15. When the SBA-15 surface has a low density of amines and is “capped” to mitigate against interactions with surface-bound moieties, no new chemical species are observed on exposure to carbon dioxide. An ionic carbamate and a surface-bound carbamate are observed on the other SBA-15 surfaces on exposure to CO2. The formation of carbamates decreases the bond order of the carbon oxygen bond of the carbon dioxide molecule. The role of the different amine moieties and the surface silanol groups in the formation of the carbamates is discussed. Our results suggest that controlling the local environment around surface-grafted amines, ...
iPhone 4s and iPhone 5s Imaging of the Eye.

Background/Aims: To evaluate the technical feasibility of a consumer-grade cellular iPhone camera as an ocular imaging device compared to existing ophthalmic imaging equipment for documentation purposes. Methods: A comparison of iPhone 4s and 5s images was made with external facial images (macrophotography) using Nikon cameras, slit-lamp images (microphotography) using Zeiss photo slit-lamp camera, and fundus images (fundus photography) using RetCam II. Results: In an analysis of six consecutive patients with ophthalmic conditions, both iPhones achieved documentation of external findings (macrophotography) using standard camera modality, tap to focus, and built-in flash. Both iPhones achieved documentation of anterior segment findings (microphotography) during slit-lamp examination through oculars. Both iPhones achieved fundus imaging using standard video modality with continuous iPhone illumination through an ophthalmic lens. Comparison to standard ophthalmic cameras, macrophotography and microphotography were excellent. In comparison to RetCam fundus photography, iPhone fundus photography revealed smaller field and was technically more difficult to obtain, but the quality was nearly similar to RetCam. Conclusions: iPhone versions 4s and 5s can provide excellent ophthalmic macrophotography and microphotography and adequate fundus photography. We believe that iPhone imaging could be most useful in settings where expensive, complicated, and cumbersome imaging equipment is unavailable.
Smartphone-Based Geofencing to Ascertain Hospitalizations

Background—Ascertainment of hospitalizations is critical to assess quality of care and the effectiveness and adverse effects of various therapies. Smartphones, mobile geolocators that are ubiquitou...
Graph embedding techniques, applications, and performance: A survey

Abstract Graphs, such as social networks, word co-occurrence networks, and communication networks, occur naturally in various real-world applications. Analyzing them yields insight into the structure of society, language, and different patterns of communication. Many approaches have been proposed to perform the analysis. Recently, methods which use the representation of graph nodes in vector space have gained traction from the research community. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive and structured analysis of various graph embedding techniques proposed in the literature. We first introduce the embedding task and its challenges such as scalability, choice of dimensionality, and features to be preserved, and their possible solutions. We then present three categories of approaches based on factorization methods, random walks, and deep learning, with examples of representative algorithms in each category and analysis of their performance on various tasks. We evaluate these state-of-the-art methods on a few common datasets and compare their performance against one another. Our analysis concludes by suggesting some potential applications and future directions. We finally present the open-source Python library we developed, named GEM (Graph Embedding Methods, available at https://github.com/palash1992/GEM ), which provides all presented algorithms within a unified interface to foster and facilitate research on the topic.
Microencapsulation of Live Cells in Synthetic Polymer Capsules

In cell therapies, it is advantageous to encapsulate live cells in protective, semipermeable microparticles for controlled release of cytokines, growth factors, monoclonal antibodies, or insulin. Here, a modified electrospraying approach with an organic solution of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer is used to create synthetic PLGA capsules that effectively protect live cells. Using a design of experiment (DOE) methodology, the effect of governing jetting parameters on encapsulation efficiency, yield, and size is systematically evaluated. On the basis of this analysis, the interaction between bovine serum albumin concentration and core flow rate is the most dominant factor determining core encapsulation efficiency as well as the microcapsule size. However, the interaction between shell solvent ratio and shell flow rate predominantly defines the particle yield. To validate these findings, live cells have been successfully encapsulated in microcapsules using optimized parameters from the DOE analysis...
Universal biology and the statistical mechanics of early life.

All known life on the Earth exhibits at least two non-trivial common features: the canonical genetic code and biological homochirality, both of which emerged prior to the Last Universal Common Ancestor state. This article describes recent efforts to provide a narrative of this epoch using tools from statistical mechanics. During the emergence of self-replicating life far from equilibrium in a period of chemical evolution, minimal models of autocatalysis show that homochirality would have necessarily co-evolved along with the efficiency of early-life self-replicators. Dynamical system models of the evolution of the genetic code must explain its universality and its highly refined error-minimization properties. These have both been accounted for in a scenario where life arose from a collective, networked phase where there was no notion of species and perhaps even individuality itself. We show how this phase ultimately terminated during an event sometimes known as the Darwinian transition, leading to the present epoch of tree-like vertical descent of organismal lineages. These examples illustrate concrete examples of universal biology: the quest for a fundamental understanding of the basic properties of living systems, independent of precise instantiation in chemistry or other media. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Reconceptualizing the origins of life’.
Autoregulation-based Blood Pressure Optimization After Large-vessel Ischemic Stroke using Non-invasive Near-infrared Spectroscopy Monitoring (S21.008)

Objective: To determine the effect of individualized, autoregulation-based blood pressure (BP) targets on functional outcome among stroke patients undergoing endovascular therapy. Background: Abnormalities in cerebrovascular autoregulation in the acute phase of large-vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke increase the risk of secondary brain injury from relative cerebral hypo- or hyperperfusion. While BP is an important modifiable target to ensure proper cerebral perfusion, how to best manage BP during the early stages of LVO stroke remains uncertain. Autoregulation-derived, personalized BP management is a plausible strategy that would provide the optimal physiologic environment for the injured brain. Design/Methods: We prospectively enrolled 21 patients with LVO stroke admitted to the Neuro ICU at Yale-New Haven Hospital. Autoregulatory function was continuously measured by interrogating changes in the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived tissue-oxygenation index - a surrogate of cerebral blood flow - and arterial BP using time-correlation analysis. MAPopt was defined as the BP where autoregulation was best preserved or “optimal”. ΔMAPopt was calculated as the absolute difference between mean MAP and MAPopt in individual patients. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge and 90 days. Associations between ΔMAPopt − and outcome were assessed using ordinal regression. Results: Identification of MAPopt − was possible in all patients (mean age 70±16, 6F, mean NIHSS 16) with an average monitoring time of 19.4±7 hours. Average MAP was 89±11.2 mmHg and the mean ΔMAPopt was 9.3±7.9 mmHg. ΔMAPopt was significantly associated with mRS at discharge (p=0.0137), and at 90 days (p=0.0278). Every 5 mmHg deviation from MAPopt was associated with a 3.2-fold likelihood of shifting towards a worse outcome on the mRS at 90 days. Conclusions: Increased deviation from optimal MAP targets is associated with worse functional outcome. Our study suggests that autoregulation-based BP management using non-invasive NIRS monitoring is feasible and could guide the therapeutic course of LVO stroke to optimize clinical outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sheth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marshall has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mampre has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hebert has nothing to disclose. Dr. Matouk has nothing to disclose. Dr. Petersen has nothing to disclose.
Engaging the Community: Building Effective Partnerships in Sexual Violence Prevention:

Sexual violence is a multifaceted problem with individual, interpersonal, institutional, and cultural dimensions. Researchers have increasingly turned to social institutions, such as nonprofit agen...
Experimental Studies of Sediment Transport: An Overview

Sediment transport has been defined (Agricultural Research Service, 1976) as those processes by which sedimentary materials are removed from one location and transported to a downstream deposition site, from which a new cycle of sediment transport may start again. Sedimentary materials involved in transport processes may be clastic streambed material ranging in size from silt to boulders, or heterogeneous clay materials that move as discrete soil particles of widely-varying size, as flocs, or as the dispersed phase of a relatively stable suspension of near-molecular sized particles. Widely recognized physical sediment transport processes (Graf, 1971) are inception of particle motion, transport of material as bed load (particle traction and saltation) transport of material in suspension, and deposition of material, either by single particle settling or by flocculation.
Six Points: A Plan for Success

We have struggled with the traditional business plan format and purpose for the last many years as academicians, consultants, and practitioners. The introduction of the business model canvas by Alex Osterwalder several years ago sent a shock wave through the entrepreneurial ecosystem and caused many to reconsider the role and need of the business plan. We submit that the business plan is a necessary component in the flow of idea to venture execution; just not in the cumbersome format that has made writing a business plan into an onerous task. We propose that the purpose of a business plan can be served and even enhanced with a concise depiction of critical elements that compose a successful venture. We offer a format for the business planning process that we term “The Six Point Business Plan”. Our business plan format offers the entrepreneur a means of exploring and elaborating on the nine areas developed using the business model canvas but avoids being a cumbersome chore. The Six Point Business Plan offers a dynamic means to present the essentials of the venture in the form of idea, resources, and execution.
Mechanical Ventilation in the Prehospital and Emergency Department Environment

Patients who require mechanical ventilation in the prehospital and emergency department environments experience high mortality and are at high risk of ventilator-associated ventilator-induced lung injury and ARDS. In addition, little attention has been given in the literature, trainee education, or clinical emphasis to ventilator management in these patients. ARDS and ventilator-induced lung injury are time-sensitive disease processes that develop early in mechanical ventilation and could potentially be prevented with early lung-protective ventilation. Prehospital and emergency department ventilation, in general, is characterized by potentially injurious tidal volume, high FIO2 , and low PEEP. Recent literature highlights improved subjects outcomes in the setting of early lung-protective ventilation in both subjects with and those without ARDS. This review of the literature led us to recommend that lung-protective ventilation with avoidance of hyperoxia be the default goal ventilator strategy for all patients with prehospital and emergency department mechanical ventilation. This can be achieved by delivering low tidal volumes with stepwise, concurrent titration of FIO2 and PEEP to facilitate adequate oxygenation.
Detection of Free Water in Multi-Phase Pipelines With AC Impedance

Free water that wets steel pipes accelerates corrosion via a number of different mechanisms. We report a novel sensor based on ac impedance that has successfully detected free water under laboratory and flow loop conditions with minimal effects from oil fouling. The sensor has also successfully differentiated between free water and water emulsified in oil. This free water sensor is one means for the earlier detection of pipeline corrosion. Smart-pig inspections are expensive and require a significant slowdown in production. The free water sensor is designed to be small and flow with the fluid current. Since the sensor is significantly smaller than the internal diameter of the pipelines, the fluid flow would be minimally impacted. It is also designed to be used more frequently than smart-pig inspection. The sensor is capable of detecting water despite fouled electrodes, determining the difference between free and emulsified water (emulsified water does not, generally, cause a corrosion issue), can potentially be used to determine the amount of free water, and has been demonstrated to work in a system with multi-phase fluid flow.
Evaluating the Scope and Theoretical Mechanisms of Person-Centered Social Support: The Case of the Comforting Computer Program:

Although the utility of verbal person-centeredness (VPC) as a feature of social support messages has been demonstrated in numerous studies, questions remain about the scope and theoretical mechanis...
P210 Effect of Class Length and Frequency on Learning in an Upper-Level Nutrition Course

Background Debate exists on the merits of twice-per-week classes versus classes that meet more frequently for a shorter length of time. The effect of class length and frequency on student achievement in the college setting is unknown. Objective Assess if class length and frequency affect learning in an upper-level nutrition class. Study Design, Settings, Participants From Fall 2014 through Fall 2017, a total of 251 undergraduate and graduate students (91% female) took an upper-level metabolism course offered at Framingham State University as part of the dietetics curriculum. One hundred and fifty-nine (63%) took the class twice-per-week in a one hour 40 minute time block, while 92 (37%) took the class in a shorter, more frequent time block (50 minutes, four days per week). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Independent T-tests were used to assess the difference in final grades between the two time blocks. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 24. Results There was no difference in final grade between groups [twice-per-week mean final grade 81 vs. four days per week mean final grade 83 (P = .254)]. Of the 251 students, 194 were undergraduate and 57 were graduate students. Overall, there was a significant difference in final grade between the graduate vs. undergraduate students (87 vs. 81; P Conclusion This research suggest class length and frequency do not play a major role in student success in an upper-level dietetics course. While there may be advantages to either class schedule based on individual instructor pedagogical style, one class schedule does not appear to enhance student achievement, as measured by final grades. Funding None.
Skills-Based Psychotherapy Training for Inpatient Psychiatry Residents: a Needs Assessment and Evaluation of a Pilot Curriculum.

The study’s objectives were to assess the psychotherapy interests and needs of psychiatry residents, to develop a psychotherapy didactic curriculum for psychiatry residents on the inpatient service, and to evaluate residents’ self-reported understanding and confidence with skills-based interventions. Psychiatry residents within a major metro region in the Northeast were asked if they would voluntarily participate in a survey to assess their interest and skills. Based on the results of this survey, the authors devised an 8-week course for seventeen residents on the inpatient unit. Topics included general cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), sleep hygiene, behavioral activation, dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), mind-body skills, and motivational interviewing. Residents completed post-course questionnaires on comprehension and confidence in providing psychotherapy skills using 5-point Likert scales. Participants (N = 39) reported a strong interest in learning psychotherapy and in education focused on inpatient skills-based interventions. At the end of the course, 12/17 (70.6%) participants provided feedback to indicate that 9/12 (75%) respondents experienced increased confidence in therapy skills, 10/12 (83.3%) reported a basic understanding of skills-based psychotherapy, and 10/12 (83.4%) believed they could teach at least one new technique. Psychiatry residents in this study overwhelmingly requested additional training focused on skills relevant to inpatient service, and the curriculum the authors developed led to a subjective self-reported understanding of and confidence in providing these psychotherapy skills on the inpatient unit. These very preliminary results suggest that provision of increased skills-based psychotherapy training for inpatient psychiatry residents is important and beneficial within resident education.
Introducing Inkjet Printing Technology to the Fabrication of Flat-Layered Meta-Lens Antennas

This paper presents for the first time the additive manufacturing using inkjet printing processes to construct flat-layered metamaterial lenses. In previous work, the metamaterial patterns on the lens layers were produced using an etching approach on commercially available dielectric copper-clad substrates. In this paper, the meta-lens consists of metamaterial square-rings that are inkjet-printed on ultra-thin dielectric layers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using silver nanoparticle ink. The metamaterial square-ring units of variable sizes are distributed on the thin dielectric layers to satisfy the required refractive index distribution. Simulation results of a 12 cm lens operating at 13.4 GHz demonstrate the collimating features of the proposed lens.
Narrative and gender as mutually constituted meaning-making systems

Both gender and narrative are foundational to the ways in which humans engage in meaning-making. Arguing from evolutionary, psychological and feminist theoretical perspectives, we posit that narratives and gender are culturally mediated mutually constituted meaning-making systems: Narratives are defined through gender and gender is defined through narrative. To contextualise this argument, we define ‘narrative’ and ‘gender’ and review the extant literature on how gender is expressed in culturally mediated master narratives and how narratives are performed differently by women and men. Our core argument is that the very act of narrating is a gendered activity that constructs, represents and narrates gender as a primary category of human existence, and these fundamentally gendered ways of narrating then construct, define and reify gendered ways of being in the world.
Risk factors for gastrostomy tube dependence in transoral robotic surgery patients.

Abstract Objectives To determine the rate of gastrostomy tube dependence after transoral robotic surgery (TORS), and to determine which patient or surgical factors increase the likelihood of gastrostomy tube dependence. Methods Retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent TORS for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) at a single institution from January 2011 through July 2016. Patients who underwent TORS for recurrent OPSCC were excluded. Primary outcome was gastrostomy tube (g-tube) dependence. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for g-tube dependence at 3-months and 1-year. Results A total of 231 patients underwent TORS during the study period. At 3-month follow-up, 58/226 patients (25.7%) required g-tube. At 1-year and 2-year follow-up, 8/203 (3.9%) and 5/176 (2.8%), remained dependent on g-tube, respectively. Advanced T stage (T3) (OR = 6.07; 95% CI, 1.28–28.9) and discharge from the hospital with enteral access (OR = 7.50; 95% CI, 1.37–41.1) were independently associated with increased risk of postoperative gastrostomy tube dependence at 1 year on multivariable analysis. Conclusions Long-term gastrostomy tube dependence following TORS is rare, particularly in patients that receive surgery alone. Patients with advanced T stage tumors have poorer functional outcomes. Early functional outcomes, as early as discharge from the hospital, are a strong predictor for long-term functional outcomes.
Srk: S-locus receptor PK (Brassica spp.)

The chapter discusses the S-locus receptor PK (Srk) that has a receptor-like structure, possesses intrinsic serine/threonine PK activity, and is capable of autophosphorylation. The pattern of expression of SRK gene and its high degree of sequence polymorphism among different self-incompatibility haplotypes suggest a role for Srk as a receptor in pollen/stigma recognition. Plants bearing null alleles of SRK exhibit loss of the self-incompatibility response. Potential ligands and substrates remain to be identified. Each S-locus haplotype (>50 are known) is believed to encode a distinct Srk allele. Srk6, Srk2, and Srk910 have been characterized. These show as much as 32% sequence divergence at the amino acid level. The S-locus glycoprotein (Slg) is highly similar to the extracellular domain of Srk and is also encoded at the S locus. When derived from the same S-locus haplotype, Srk and S1g have as high as 90% amino acid identity. SRK transcript variants potentially encode N-terminally truncated and C-terminally truncated forms. SRK6 and SRK2 were sequenced from B. oleracea. SRK910 was sequenced from a B. campestris haplotype that was introgressed into B. napus.
Nonlinear optics and photonic crystals for ultrafast optical processing

A review on some of the research that brings together the state of the art in new waveguide development with physical observation methods of unparalleled precision in the ultrafast optical regime. By controlling the waveguide structures, it is possible to access unique physical regimes. Some of these regimes include optical soliton dynamics, frequency conversion, from birefringent phase-matching to supercontinuum generation that can open new avenues in fiber based all-optical processing on ultrafast timescales.
Secretion of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbrillin polypeptides by recombinant Streptococcus gordonii.

The fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. A structural subunit of the P. gingivalis fimbriae, fimbrillin, has been shown to promote adherence of the bacteria to host surfaces and also induce an immune response. Biologically active domains of fimbrillin responsible for adherence or eliciting immune responses have been determined. In a previous study, we engineered the human oral commensal organism Streptococcus gordonii to express such biologically active domains on the surface of the bacteria as a vaccine delivery system. In this study we report an alternative approach of secreting fimbrillin polypeptide domains into the medium by modification of the surface-expression system described earlier. Such recombinant S. gordonii, in addition to being a source for antigen presentation to trigger a protective immune response, may have the added advantage of directly blocking the fimbriae-mediated adherence of P. gingivalis to the oral cavity following implantation. This approach can also be utilized for secreting other biologically important therapeutic molecules on mucosal surfaces for modulating local microenvironments.
EFFECTS OF ANTISERUM ON ADSORBED PHAGE

Reiter, Harvard (U.S. Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.). Effects of antiserum on adsorbed phage. J. Bacteriol. 86:637–641. 1963.—The penetration of T3 bacteriophages attached to the host cells could be delayed or entirely prevented by antiserum against T3 phage. The antiserum-sensitive period of the attached phages increased at lower temperatures. The degree of inhibition increased with antiserum concentration and with early exposure to antiserum. Bacteriophages T1 and T4 were not affected by antiserum in this manner; T7 reacted similarly to T3.
Synthesis of a stereoblock poly(methyl methacrylate)

The sequential block copolymerization of diphenylmethyl methacrylate (DMA) and trityl methacrylate (TrMA), initiated by diphenyl methyl lithium in THF at -78°C followed by hydrolysis and methylation with diazomethane, leads to the formation of an isotacticsyndiotactic stereoblock poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) of narrow molecular weight and block length distribution. Complete conversion of DMA is shown to be essential, since the presence of small quantities of this monomer during the polymerization of TrMA significantly lowers the isotactic content of this block. Polymerization times of at least 12 h were found to be necessary for complete polymerization of the TrMA.