cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assigning linguistic roles: the influence of conflicting cues

This paper investigates how multiple, conflicting sources of information are integrated in linguistic role assignment. Three experiments examine how adult speakers of English and Dutch use the cues of word order, noun animacy, and case inflection to assign the actor role in active Noun-Verb-Noun sentences and relative clauses, and the cues of word order, noun animacy, and prepositions to assign the recipient role in dative constructions. Strength of cue usage differs across roles and languages. When assigning the actor role, English speakers rely most strongly on word order and Dutch speakers on case inflection; when assigning the recipient role, speakers of both languages rely most strongly on prepositions. The strength with which a cue is used is shown to be related to its conflict validity, that is, how often the cue indicates the correct interpretation on sentences in which cues disagree about the interpretation. A method of quantifying cue validities is given, and these validities can be used in a mathematical model of cue combination to predict performance.
Tracing the ultracapacitor commercialization pathway

Abstract Ultracapacitors have been under development for over two decades and recently have received attention for their commercial applications in products such as hybrid electric vehicles, medical devices, grid energy storage, and personal electronics. Ultracapacitors are attractive for their ability to quickly deliver large quantities of power, making them an ideal complement to battery technology in comprehensive power systems. Recent technical advancements have developed ultracapacitors with performance that is now viable in a variety of commercial applications. This research uses publication, patent and investment data to identify and trace the commercial pathway for this emerging technology. The firms and industries currently developing and commercializing ultracapacitors are identified using affiliation data. To date, ultracapacitor R&D has been primarily performed by large multinational companies with broad energy-based product portfolios and emerging venture-backed capacitor companies. Firms in industries including transportation, consumer electronics, and medical equipment have researched how ultracapacitors can be integrated into power systems. The early stages of ultracapacitor development are compared with Li-ion and NiMH batteries and evidence shows similarities between the early stages of the commercially successful Li-ion battery.
Insulin stimulates amino acid and lipid metabolism in isolated fetal rat hepatocytes.

ABSTRACT. Although fetal hyperinsulinemia is associated with excessive deposition of glycogen in liver, both in vivo and in vitro studies show little effect of insulin on glycogen synthesis from glucose or the activity of the enzyme glycogen synthase in the fetus. To investigate whether lack of insulin effect extends to other fetal metabolic processes, we compared the influence of insulin on amino acid uptake (14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid) and lipid synthesis [14C-acetate) in freshly isolated hepatocytes from 21-day fetal (F) and adult (A) rats. Viability of F and A hepatocytes was documented by trypan blue exclusion (>90%). In A, insulin stimulated 14C-α-aminoisobutyric acid uptake in a dose dependent manner with an apparent Km at 2 ng/ml and a Vmax at 10 ng/ml. When corrected for cell surface area, F cells responded to insulin in a similar dose response manner, although absolute values per 1 x 106 cells always remained lower. In contrast, whereas A cells demonstrated a typical dose dependent response of 14C-acetate incorporation into lipid with a Km at 5 ng/ml and Vmax at 10 ng/ml of insulin, F cells remained totally unresponsive when the concentration of acetate was 5 mM or less. However, at higher medium acetate concentrations (15–30 mM) fetal responses were equal to or greater than that of adult, both basally and with insulin. These findings suggest differences in the maturation of insulin-mediated processes in fetal rat hepatocytes; effects on amino acid uptake appear earlier than those on lipid or glycogen synthesis.
THE EFFECT OF AUXIN ON FLOWER INITIATION

MCWHORTER, F. P. 1941. Plant-virus differentiation by trypan-blue reactions within infected tissue. Stain Tech. 16:143-149. OPIE, E. L., AND G. I. LAVIN. 1946. Localization of ribonucleic acid in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Jour. Exp. Med. 84: 107-112. RAWLINS, T. E., AND J. JOHNSON. 1925. Cytological studies of mosaic disease of tobacco. Amer. Jour. Bot. 12: 19-32. . 1933. Phytopathological and botanical research methods. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. , AND W. N. TAKAHASHI. 1947. Elimination of distortion and poor staining in paraffin sections of plant tissues. Stain Tech. 22: 99-102. SALAMAN, R. N. 1938. The potato virus "X": its strains and reactions. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London B. 229: 137-217. SAMUEL, G., J. G. BALD, AND H. A. PITrMAN. 1930. Investigations on "spotted wilt" of tomatoes. Australia Counc. Sci. Indus. Res. Bull. 44:1-64. SHEFFIELD, F. M. L. 1931. The formation of intracellular inclusions in Solanaceous hosts infected with aucuba mosaic of tomato. Ann. Appl. Biol. 18: 471493. . 1939. Some effects of plant virus diseases on the cells of their hosts. Jour. Roy. Microsc. Soc. London 59: 149-161. SILBERSCHMIDT, K., AND A. R. CAMPOS. 1941. Novos aspetos do problema da formagao dos cristais em folhas de fumo atacadas pelo mosaico. Arq. Inst. Biol. S. Paulo, 12:59-74. SMITH, K. M. 1924. On a curious effect of mosaic disease upon the cells of the potato leaf. Ann. Bot. 38: 358-388. WEIER, E. 1938. The structure of the chloroplast. Bot. Rev. 4:497-530.
A Paratracheal Mass

A woman in her 50s was referred to the otolaryngology clinic by herneurologist forevaluationofaparatrachealmass.This lesionwas discovered incidentally onmagnetic resonance (MR) imagingof the spine, which was performed for evaluation of recurrent headaches. She denied any dysphagia, odynophagia, weight loss, neck pain, andotalgia. Shealsodeniedany respiratory symptoms, including shortness of breath, cough, and hoarseness. Findings from the clinical examination,which consistedofoffice flexiblediagnostic laryngoscopy, were unremarkable except for mild laryngopharyngeal reflux. We reviewedT1-weighted (Figure, A) andT2-weighted (Figure, B) MR images. The MR image showed a right-sided ovoid lesion posterolaterally to the tracheaat the level of theT1vertebrae. There wasno fluidcomponentappreciatedonT2-weighted imaging.Computed tomographic (CT) imaging of the neck and chest and barium swallow test were obtained to further characterize the lesion. Results fromthebariumswallowtestwerenormal,withnopharyngeal or esophageal diverticulum.TheCT imagingof theneckand chest, with finer 1-mm cuts, assisted in diagnosis of the lesion. The imaging showed an air-filled lesion continuouswith the tracheal lumen without lung markings (Figure, C). Because the patient was asymptomatic,no interventionwaswarranted.Observationwasrecommended. What is your diagnosis? A B
Transparent combination of rule-based and data-driven approaches in a speech understanding architecture

We describe a domain-independent semantic interpretation architecture suitable for spoken dialogue systems, which uses a decision-list method to effect a transparent combination of rule-based and data-driven approaches. The architecture has been implemented and evaluated in the context of a medium-vocabulary command and control task.
Funding research structures

Research priorities established by the field of geriatric psychiatry are the principal source of ideas for investigations supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Aging and a host of private organizations and foundations. Individuals, at various stages in their careers, can compete for federal stipends to pursue these research inquiries. Knowledge of the assortment of awards available is part of an overall strategy candidates need to develop in planning and maintaining productive research careers.
Dynamics of banded structure formation in rapid solidification.

Motivated by widespread experimental observations of the ``banded structure'' in rapidly solidified alloys, we have studied numerically by Green's-function method the dynamics of the planar interface under rapid directional solidification condition. We find that the formation of this structure can be explained and partially characterized quantitatively in terms of highly nonlinear ``relaxation oscillations'' of the interface whose spacings are controlled by latent heat diffusion but not by the thermal gradient. A comparison with experiment is presented for Al-Fe alloys.
Cognitive precursors of receptive vs. expressive language.

Although cognitive precursors of language production have received considerable attention, the relationship of cognitive development to language comprehension development remains unexplored. In the present research, the relationship of object permanence and classification skills to receptive, as well as expressive, language development was investigated in infants between 0; 9 and 1; 3. Results indicated that object permanence, classification, and parent–child verbal interaction ratings were about equally related to language comprehension functioning. No prerequisite stage of object permanence functioning could be discerned. On the other hand, object permanence was more strongly related to language production than were classification and verbal interaction. Furthermore, it appeared that a minimum of Stage 5 object permanence functioning was necessary prior to the onset of language production.
Laser print quality: practically continuous addressability

A novel method for resolution enhancement of Electro Photographic (EP) printers is presented. The proposed method is applicable for laser printers that have a partial-pixel exposure capability such as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). By coupling partial exposure with anti-aliasing rendering, the proposed technology enables practically continuous addressability, namely, placement resolution. Using this technology we can show significant print quality improvement, such as the ability to render lines with arbitrary width and location. This would allow printing smooth line art at any angle with a relatively coarse pixel grid. The proposed method will thus provide better print quality compared to post process type resolution enhancement alternatives used today. The method has been tested theoretically using a Liquid EP (LEP) model, and experimentally confirmed.
Decoupled Energy Stable Schemes for a Phase-Field Model of Two-Phase Incompressible Flows with Variable Density

We consider in this paper numerical approximations of two-phase incompressible flows with different densities and viscosities. We present a variational derivation for a thermodynamically consistent phase-field model that admits an energy law. Two decoupled time discretization schemes for the coupled nonlinear phase-field model are constructed and shown to be energy stable. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the model and the schemes for problems with large density and viscosity ratios.
Shiny parts measurement using color separation

In manufacturing, inspection and measurement systems have long been desired to be able to measure as many kinds of parts as possible without treating the surface. Specifically, measuring shiny parts has been a big challenge for optical metrology because of double-bounced light -- a phenomenon that light can be reflected from an area to another on the surface. The unwanted light will result in higher noise and can even make the measured results unacceptable. Traditionally, a polarizer is placed in front of both the light sources and the camera. After properly adjusting the polarizer in front of the camera, the double bounced reflected light can be blocked to some degree while the normally reflected light can go through. By this way, the extra reflections can be reduced but not totally eliminated. This paper presents a new method to totally eliminate double bounced light. Here, color light sources are used to illuminate the part and multiple cameras are used to measure different areas. Each camera views through an appropriate color filter so that only a certain color light is seen. The measured results from all cameras are then merged together to create the complete image. This method is more efficient than the traditional solution that uses polarizers. Both measurement principle and some results are given.
Cyclooxygenase inhibition reduces placental transfer: Reversal by carbacyclin

The effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and ibuprofen, on diffusional transfer in the human placenta was assessed with the dual-perfused isolated placental lobe. Antipyrine, a freely diffusible substance, was used as an indicator of placental transfer efficiency. Each inhibitor (100 μmol/L) was perfused for 30 minutes after a baseline period, resulting in a significant reduction in antipyrine clearance. During a subsequent washout period, ibuprofen-inhibited antipyrine clearance returned to baseline values, whereas indomethacin-inhibited clearance remained reduced. An additional 30 minutes perfusion of 500 μmol/l. of ibuprofen resulted in a further reduction in antipyrine clearance compared with 100 μmol/L of ibuprofen, suggesting a dosage-related effect. The perfusion of each inhibitor caused a reduced production of 6-keto-prostagland in F 1α (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin) in the fetal circulation. The simultaneous perfusion of carbacyclin a prostacyclin analogue, at 100 nmol/L and 1 μmol/L resulted in a dosage-dependent reversal of the effects of ibuprofen (500 μmol/L) on antipyrine clearance. The results indicate that the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity reduces placental transfer and that the effects of these inhibitors are reversed by carbacyclin. This study suggests that the use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors during pregnancy could compromise the developing fetus by reducing placental transfer.
Subsurface Injection of Treated Sewage into a Saline‐Water Aquifer at St. Petersburg, Florida — Water‐Quality Changes and Potential for Recovery of Injected Sewage

The city of St. Petersburg is testing subsurface injection of treated sewage into the Floridan aquifer as a means of eliminating discharge of sewage to surface waters and as a means of storing treated sewage for future nonpotable reuse. The injection zone at the test site at the start of injection contained saline water with chloride concentrations ranging from 14,000 to 20,000 milligrams per liter (mg/1). Treated sewage with a mean chloride concentration of 170 mg/1 was injected through a single well for 12 months at a mean rate of 4.7 × 105 cubic feet per day. The volume of water injected during the year was 1.7 × 108 cubic feet. Dissolved oxygen was contained in the sewage prior to injection. Water removed from the injection zone during injection was essentially free of oxygen. Probable growth of denitrifying bacteria and, thus, microbial denitri-fication, was suggested by bacterial counts in water from two observation wells that were close to the injection well. The volume fraction of treated sewage in water from wells located 35 feet and 733 feet from the injection well and open to the upper part of the injection zone stabilized at about 0.9 and 0.75, respectively. Chloride concentrations stabilized at about 1,900 mg/1 in water from the well that was 35 feet from the injection well and stabilized at about 4,000 mg/1 in water from the well that was 733 feet from the injection well. These and other data suggest that very little near injection-quality treated sewage would be recoverable from storage in the injection zone.
Assembly Strategies for Remanufacturing Systems With Variable Quality Returns

This paper studies optimal policy for modular product reassembly within a remanufacturing setting where a firm receives product returns with variable quality and reassembles products of multiple classes to customer orders. High-quality modules are allowed to substitute for low-quality modules during reassembly to provide the remanufacturing system with flexibility such that shortage in lower quality modules can be smoothed out by higher quality module inventories. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and characterize the structure of the optimal control policy. In particular, we show that the optimal reassembly and substitution follow a state-dependent threshold-based control policy. We also establish the structural properties of the thresholds. Using numerical experimentation, we study how system performance is influenced by key cost parameters including unit holding cost, unit assembly cost and shortage penalty cost. Finally, we compare the optimal policy with an exhaustive reassembly policy and show that there is great benefit in module substitution and threshold-based assembly control.
Use of a silastic silo for closure of the abdominal wall in a pediatric patient receiving a cadaveric split liver.

Abstract Presented is the successful management of a difficult abdominal wall closure after pediatric liver transplantation. A 5-week-old boy with biliary atresia underwent urgent cadaveric split liver transplantation. The left lateral segment of an adult donor was utilized. Postoperatively, abdominal skin and fascia could not be closed. A SILASTIC® (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) silo was applied, and complete closure was possible 6 days later.
Childhood abuse and current interpersonal conflict: the role of shame.

Abstract Objective To examine whether shame-proneness mediates the relationship between women's histories of childhood sexual abuse and their current partner and family conflict and child maltreatment. Previous research has found that women with childhood sexual abuse histories experience heightened shame and interpersonal conflict. However, research examining the relationship of shame to interpersonal conflict is lacking. Method Participants were 129 mothers of children enrolled in a summer camp program for at-risk children from financially disadvantaged families. Data were collected on women's childhood abuse histories, shame in daily life, and current interpersonal conflict involving family conflict, intimate partner conflict (verbal and physical aggression), and child maltreatment. Results Consistent with our hypothesis, the results of hierarchical regressions and logistic regression indicated that shame significantly mediated the association between childhood sexual abuse and interpersonal conflict. Women with sexual abuse histories reported more shame in their daily lives, which in turn was associated with higher levels of conflicts with intimate partners (self-verbal aggression and partner-physical aggression) and in the family. Shame did not mediate the relationship between mothers’ histories of sexual abuse and child maltreatment. Conclusion The role of shame in the intimate partner and family conflicts of women with sexual abuse histories has not been examined. The current findings indicate that childhood sexual abuse was related to interpersonal conflicts indirectly through the emotion of shame. Practical Implications These findings highlight the importance of investigating the role of shame in the interpersonal conflicts of women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Healthcare professionals in medical and mental health settings frequently treat women with abuse histories who are involved in family and partner conflicts. Assessing and addressing the links of abused women's shame to interpersonal conflicts could be important in clinical interventions.
The Financing of Social Housing in Integrating Financial Markets: A View from Developing Countries:

The housing sector is the last major sector of the national economy for which analytical foundations for economic and financial policy evaluation have developed. However, the application of this analytical framework to international comparisons of housing policies or the evaluation of housing finance systems still lags considerably behind the strong foundations laid over the years for trade, finance or industry policy analyses. None the less, the era when improvisation and fragmented policy-making in housing and housing finance could be excused is well past. Today, there is a deep and expanding body of basic research and policy analysis that can be shared for the design of housing policies and housing finance institutions whether it is in the European Union or developing countries. Obviously, social and economic contexts as well as wealth levels differ greatly. Common analytical foundations can lead to very different prescriptions in countries where macroeconomic and financial policies, financial infrastr...
Basement Control in the Structural Evolution of Southern Oklahoma: ABSTRACT

Southern Oklahoma comprises a complex of structural elements that can be related to recurrent movement on a system of basement faults that had its origin at the time of consolidation of the crystalline basement. Repeated trans-current movements, accompanied by uplift of horsts and deep subsidence of adjacent grabens delineated by this major fault system, have exerted a profound control over the stratigraphic and structural evolution of southern Oklahoma. The larger faults, the Meers fault of the Wichita Mountains, the Washita Valley and Sulphur faults of the Arbuckle Mountains, and the Choctaw fault of the Ouachita Mountains dominate the minor faults and delineate the major basement blocks, namely, the 4 Wichita block, the Tishomingo-Belton uplift, and the frontal edge of the Ouachita Mountains and the intervening basins. The interplay of these basement controlled blocks and their adjacent grabens has not only influenced sedimentation by establishing the pattern of basin development but they controlled the magnitude and type of tectonism that has occurred throughout the Paleozoic Era. Transcurrent movement, according to the wrench-fault mechanics of Moody and Hill, on the major faults which border the basement blocks has produced the stress field responsible for the structural complexity produced during the several stages of the orogenic climax in late Paleozoic time. End_of_Article - Last_Page 551------------
Energy storage capacity of reversible liquid‐phase Diels Alder reaction between maleic anhydride and 2‐methyl furan

Calorimetry was used to determine the heat of reaction and equilibrium constant at 318 K for the reaction between maleic anhydride (A) and 2-methyl furan (B). The values were-60 kJ/gmol and 614 cm/sup 3//gmol, respectively. The motivation for this work was to find a single phase-reacting system that could be used to store solar energy. Thus, the energy storage capacity was calculated for a mixture of A and B, both initially at 7 kmol/m/sup 3/, in dioxane. The maximum apparent heat capacity of 7.37 J/cm/sup 3/ X K occurred at 334 K. This maximum value is 76% higher than the heat capacity of pure water.
OR Forum---Intelligence Operations Research: The 2010 Philip McCord Morse Lecture

This paper is the archival record of the INFORMS Philip McCord Morse Lecture delivered in 2010. It considers applications of operations research to intelligence problems in national security and counterterrorism. The phrase “intelligence operations research” can be interpreted in two different ways: as intelligence operations} research, meaning studies to characterize and improve the operations of intelligence agencies themselves, and as intelligence operations research, meaning the application of operations research methods to specific substantive intelligence problems. After defining intelligence, I review the intelligence production process or the intelligence cycle with reference to the intelligence community of the United States. I then consider the extent to which operations research has been deployed inside this intelligence community and summarize previous attempts to apply operations research methods to intelligence problems. I close with some suggestions for future intelligence operations research studies.
The Nature, Measurement, and Stability of Ethical Judgments in the Workplace

A basic interest in the Tightness and wrongness of actions predates philosophy, and the literature of organizational psychology indicates an increased interest in ethical and unethical decision-mak...
Genetic analysis on the NifW by utilizing the yeast two-hybrid system revealed that the NifW of Azotobacter vinelandii interacts with the NifZ to form higher-order complexes.

Abstract Nitrogenase is a complex metalloenzyme composed of two separately purified proteins designated the Fe-protein and the MoFe-protein. Apart from these two proteins, a number of accessory proteins are essential for the maturation and assembly of nitrogenase. Even though experimental evidence suggests that these accessory proteins are required for nitrogenase activity, the exact roles played by many of these proteins in the functions of nitrogenase are unclear. Our studies were directed to understand the role of two nif accessory proteins, the NifW and the NifZ in the biological nitrogen fixation. To accomplish this, we have utilized a genetic method, the Yeast based Two-Hybrid protein-protein interaction assay. This analysis showed that the NifW could interact with itself to make a multimeric complex. In contrast, the NifZ could not interact with itself. However, the NifZ could interact with the NifW. Previously it was shown that mutating either the NifW or the NifZ have similar effects on the activity of nitrogenase. This observation indicated that both these proteins may exert their regulation on the nitrogenase by a common pathway. Furthermore, it was suggested that the NifW plays a role in the oxygen-protection of the MoFe-protein by direct physical interaction. Our observation that the NifW can interact with itself as well as with the NifZ, suggests that the NifW and the NifZ may form a higher order complex and such a complex may be needed to exert the effects of the NifW or the NifZ on the nitrogenase activity.
Crosswell Reflection Traveltime Tomography: A Field Data Demonstration

In this paper we demonstrate reflection traveltime tomography adapted to the crosswell seismic experiment. Our approach to this inverse problem is to utilize both reflected arrival traveltimes and direct arrival traveltimes to solve for a 2-D velocity model and reflector geometries. We test this approach using data from a crosswell experiment performed in west Texas as part of the McElroy Reservoir Geosciences Project and on a synthetic data set modeled after the field experiment. The synthetic data set is built using an S-wave sonic log, a crosswell reflection image, and the acquisition geometry of the field experiment. Both field and synthetic data sets consist of approximately 20,000 direct arrival traveltimes and 35,000 reflected arrival traveltimes corresponding to 5 downgoing events and 4 upgoing events. Reflector depths are recovered in the simulation with an rms error of only 0.51 ft. From inversions run using the field data we find that inverting both reflection traveltimes and direct arrival traveltimes reduces velocity artifacts at the top and bottom of the recovered velocity model. In addition, computed reflector geometries correspond closely to geometries seen in a crosswell reflection image and support the presence of an angular unconformity below the reservoir zone seen in themore » crosswell reflection image.« less
Interoperable positive train control

There has been a substantial interest in developing an interoperable communication-based train-control system (TCS) for decades. The initial effort started almost 25 years ago with the advanced TCS (ATCS) efforts. This was an industry-driven effort to define a new form of train control. Unfortunately, it relied on large, central, computing-based systems, which have proven impractical for train control. However, some good work came out of this effort in terms of an addressing scheme that allows unique identification of every piece of equipment (e.g., switch or signal) in the country. A communication datagram structure also came out of this project that has been widely used in the industry.
A Bayesian Multiple Comparison Procedure for Order‐Restricted Mixed Models

Summary A Bayesian hierarchical mixed model is developed for multiple comparisons under a simple order restriction. The model facilitates inferences on the successive differences of the population means, for which we choose independent prior distributions that are mixtures of an exponential distribution and a discrete distribution with its entire mass at zero. We employ Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to obtain parameter estimates and estimates of the posterior probabilities that any two of the means are equal. The latter estimates allow one both to determine if any two means are significantly different and to test the homogeneity of all of the means. We investigate the performance of the model-based inferences with simulated data sets, focusing on parameter estimation and successive-mean comparisons using posterior probabilities. We then illustrate the utility of the model in an application based on data from a study designed to reduce lead blood concentrations in children with elevated levels. Our results show that the proposed hierarchical model can effectively unify parameter estimation, tests of hypotheses and multiple comparisons in one setting. Resume Un modele Bayesien hierarchique mixte est developpe pour des comparaisons multiples avec une simple restriction d'ordre. Le modele facilite les inferences sur les differences successives des moyennes de population, pour lesquelles nous choisissons des distributions independantes prealables qui sont des melanges d'une distribution exponentielle et d'une distribution discrete avec sa masse entiere a zero. Nous employons les techniques de la chaine de Markov Monte Carlo pour obtenir des estimations des parametres et des estimations des probabilites posterieures que deux quelconques des moyennes sont egales. Les seconds estimateurs permettent a chacun de determiner si deux quelconques des moyennes sont significativement differentes et de tester l'homogeneite de toutes les moyennes. Nous etudions la performance des inferences basees sur des modeles avec des jeux de donnees simulees, en se concentrant sur l'estimation du parametre et des comparaisons successives moyennes utilisant des probabilites posterieures. Nous illustrons ensuite l'utilite du modele dans une application basee sur les donnees d'une etude destinee a reduire les concentrations de plomb sanguin chez les enfants avec des niveaux eleves. Nos resultats montrent que le modele hierarchique propose peut efficacement unifier l'estimation des parametres, les hypotheses de tests et les comparaisons multiples dans un seul cadre.
Luminescent Squares and Rings Based on Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer Excited States.

Two types of luminescent cyclic metallomacrocycles containing Re(I)−2,2‘-bpy MLCT chromophores and diphosphine bridges (P-P) have been prepared by self-assembly. The “petite squares” are tetramers based on trans-cis-Re(CO)2(P-P)2(bpy) units, while the “grand rings” are octamers composed of alternating Re(CO)2(P-P)2(bpy) and Re(CO)3(P-P)2Cl units. Complete structural assignment of the former, but not the latter, was accomplished using IR and NMR spectroscopies as well as by mass spectrometry.
Up-regulation of SEPT9_v1 stabilizes c-Jun-N-Terminal kinase and contributes to its pro-proliferative activity in mammary epithelial cells

SEPT9_v1, the largest transcript of the septin gene family member, SEPT9, encodes a septin isoform implicated in the tumorigenic transformation of mammary epithelial cells. High levels of SEPT9_v1 expression also have been observed in both breast cancer cell lines, primary breast cancers as well as other solid tumor malignancies. We found a novel interaction between SEPT9_v1 and the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase important in cellular stress responses, cell proliferation, and cell survival. We found that up-regulation of SEPT9_v1 stabilizes JNK by delaying its degradation, thereby activating the JNK transcriptome. C-jun kinase assays in mammary epithelial cells expressing SEPT9_v1, compared to controls, exhibited increased JNK/c-Jun transcriptional activity. This increase was associated with increased levels of cyclin D1, a critical component of the proliferative response required for progression through G(1) of the cell cycle in many cell types. These findings demonstrate the first link between a septin protein and the JNK signaling pathway. Importantly, it suggests a novel functional role of SEPT9_v1 in driving cellular proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, a hallmark feature of oncogenesis that is directly relevant to breast cancer.
Metrics to describe the dynamical evolution of atmospheric moisture : Intercomparison of model (NARR) and observations (ISCCP)

[1] The manuscript presents results from an exploratory study of metrics to describe the dynamical evolution of atmospheric moisture fields for interpretive studies. Specifically, we conduct diagnostic data analysis of the life cycle (initiation, growth, and decay) of instabilities of index fields of atmospheric moisture that can be related to cloudiness and rainfall from the NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Product (ISCCP) data in the southeast United States in 2000–2001. The two principal metrics consist of spatial fields of finite size Lyapunov exponents (FSLE, a measure of the growth rate of instability) and localization length (the characteristic time scale of instability, or alternatively a proxy measure of the local memory of the process). The results reveal (1) consistency among the spatial fields of the seasonal rates of instability growth (FSLE); (2) differences in the dynamical range of perturbation growth in the ISCCP observations (broad) as compared to the NARR (narrow), especially in the smaller perturbation/fast dynamics regime, which suggests stronger coupling of the physical processes in the NARR; and (3) stronger interseasonal and intraseasonal variability in the manifestation of nonlinear dynamics (e.g., strong summer/fall contrasts) in the NARR as compared to the satellite data. Larger disparities (r2 ∼ 02–0.3) occur over the ocean on the west (summer) and eastern (fall) margins of the Gulf of Mexico and over land in the Trinity river basin (Texas) and at the foothills of the Ouachita mountains where agriculture and large freshwater reservoirs (large free water surfaces) exist and where the 2000 drought attained exceptional intensity. Whereas the differences over the ocean may be attributed to the subgrid-scale representation of warm core rings and the loop current over the Gulf of Mexico, the differences are likely associated with the representation of land-atmosphere interactions in the model over land.
An other-race effect for face recognition algorithms

Psychological research indicates that humans recognize faces of their own race more accurately than faces of other races. This “other-race effect” occurs for algorithms tested in a recent international competition for state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms. We report results for a Western algorithm made by fusing eight algorithms from Western countries and an East Asian algorithm made by fusing five algorithms from East Asian countries. At the low false accept rates required for most security applications, the Western algorithm recognized Caucasian faces more accurately than East Asian faces and the East Asian algorithm recognized East Asian faces more accurately than Caucasian faces. Next, using a test that spanned all false alarm rates, we compared the algorithms with humans of Caucasian and East Asian descent matching face identity in an identical stimulus set. In this case, both algorithms performed better on the Caucasian faces—the “majority” race in the database. The Caucasian face advantage, however, was far larger for the Western algorithm than for the East Asian algorithm. Humans showed the standard other-race effect for these faces, but showed more stable performance than the algorithms over changes in the race of the test faces. State-of-the-art face recognition algorithms, like humans, struggle with “other-race face” recognition.
Highly Vascularized Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: Description of This Atypical Variant and Its Operative Management

The authors report on three infants who had an unusual variant of sacrococcygeal teratoma--a highly vascularized tumor. All three patients had major problems perioperatively, which resulted in cardiac arrest in all three and the death of one. Several suggestions are made concerning diagnosis as well as preoperative and intraoperative management of this rare tumor variant.
Structure of the DNA of bacteriophage φX174. VII. Methylation

The only methylated base present in φX174 DNA has been found to be 5-methylcytosine. The number of methyl residues per molecule of φX DNA is estimated to be not more than one. This 5-methylcytosine appears in the φX174 DNA in a non-random distribution; it is found almost exclusively in the dinucleotide fraction of the pyrimidine isopliths, and as judged by its electrophoretic characteristics, the sequence of the 5-methylcytosine containing dinucleotide is either p-m^5C-p-T-p or p-T-p-m^5C-p.
NMR Characterization of Spider Venom Neurotoxin Structure and Interactions with Lipid Bilayers

Spider venom is comprised of a diverse range of molecules including salts, small organics, acylpolyamines, peptides and proteins. The peptides are by far the largest and most diverse range of biomolecules found in spider venoms. These peptides have considerable pharmacological activity. Peptides isolated from the Chilean Rose tarantula, Grammostola Rosea (G. Rosea), have been shown to target and modulate voltage activated K+ channels, Na+ channels, Ca2+ channels and mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs). These peptides are cysteine-rich and fold in an inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) motif. Here, we present the molecular structure of one G. Rosea neurotoxin, GsAF2, determined by solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). In addition, neurotoxin interactions with lipid bilayers for GsAF2 and VsTx1 are probed with a suite of solid-state NMR techniques including 31P static, 31P magic angle spinning and spin-lattice (T1) relaxation measurements. Finally, cryo-transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments illustrate that the neurotoxins influence lipid bilayer morphology with the formation of a toxin-lipid nematic phase. These studies elucidate differences in ICK neurotoxin three-dimensional (3D) structure and their interactions with the lipid bilayer.
Translocation t(1;5) in a case of carcinoma of the cervix

We report a case of carcinoma of the cervix uteri, which presented both numerical and structural chromosome changes. The tumor showed the coexistence of lines with different modal chromosome numbers, but all of them with the t(1;5)(q25;132). We also observed the presence of double minutes, dicentric chromosomes, small acentric fragments, and/or tri- and quadriradial figures in 11% of the cells.
Verifying aspect advice modularly

Aspect-oriented programming has become an increasingly important means of expressing cross-cutting program abstractions. Despite this, aspects lack support for computer-aided verification. We present a technique for verifying aspect-oriented programs (expressed as state machines). Our technique assumes that the set of pointcut designators is known statically, but that the actual advice can vary. This calls for a modular technique that does not require repeated analysis of the entire system every time a developer changes advice. We present such an analysis, addressing several subtleties that arise. We also present an important optimization for handling multiple pointcut designators. We have implemented a prototype verifier and applied it to some simple but interesting cases.
Generalized Induction of Defense Responses in Bean Is Not Correlated with the Induction of the Hypersensitive Reaction.

Transcripts for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and chitinase accumulated in common bean after infiltration with the Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci Hrp- mutant Pt11528::Hrp1, even though a hypersensitive reaction did not occur. The temporal pattern of this transcript accumulation was similar to that seen after infiltration with wild-type P. s. tabaci Pt11528, which resulted in a hypersensitive reaction. Escherichia coli DH5[alpha], P. fluorescens Pf101, heat-killed Pt11528 cells, and Pt11528 cells treated with protein synthesis inhibitors also induced accumulation of defense transcripts but not a hypersensitive reaction. In contrast, these transcripts were not detected in plants infiltrated with water or P.s. pv phaseolicola NPS3121, a compatible pathogen that causes halo blight. Phytoalexins were produced in bean after infiltration with Pt11528, Pt11528::Hrp1, Pt11528 cells treated with neomycin, or Pf101, but not in plants infiltrated with NPS3121 or water. These results suggest that there are unique biochemical events associated with the expression of a hypersensitive reaction which are distinct from other plant defense responses such as phytoalexin biosynthesis. In addition, our results support the hypothesis that there is a general, nonspecific mechanism for the induction of defense transcripts and phytoalexins by pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria that is distinct from the more specific mechanism associated with the induction of the hypersensitive reaction.
The GABAA Receptor α1 Subtype in the Ventral Pallidum Regulates Alcohol-Seeking Behaviors

We investigated the potential role of the alpha1-containing GABA(A) receptor in regulating the reinforcing properties of alcohol. To accomplish this, we developed 3-propoxy-beta-carboline hydrochloride (3-PBC), a mixed agonist-antagonist benzodiazepine site ligand with binding selectivity at the alpha1 receptor. We then tested the capacity of 3-PBC to block alcohol-maintained responding in the ventral pallidum (VP), a novel alcohol reward substrate, which primarily expresses the alpha1-receptor isoform. Our results demonstrated that bilateral microinfusion of 3-PBC (0.5-40 microg) in the anterior and medial VP produced marked reductions in alcohol-maintained responding in a genetically selected rodent model of alcohol drinking. The VP infusions showed both neuroanatomical and reinforcer specificity because no effects were seen in sites dorsal to the VP (e.g., nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen). The saccharin-maintained responding was reduced only with the highest dose (40 microg). Parenteral injections of 3-PBC (1-20 mg/kg) also showed a similar selectivity on alcohol-maintained responding. Complementary in vitro studies revealed that 3-PBC exhibited a low partial agonist efficacy profile at recombinant diazepam-sensitive receptors (e.g., alpha1beta3gamma2, alpha2beta3gamma, and alpha3beta3gamma2). The selective suppression of 3-PBC on alcohol-maintained responding after central and parenteral administrations, together with its low-efficacy agonist profile, suggest that the reduction in alcohol-maintained behaviors was not attributable to a general suppression on consummatory behaviors. These results demonstrate that the alpha1-containing GABA(A) receptors in both the anterior and medial VP are important in regulating the reinforcing properties of alcohol. These receptors represent novel targets in the design and development of pharmacotherapies for alcohol-dependent subjects.
Action spectrum for a low intensity, rapid photoinhibition of mechanically stimulable bioluminescence in the marine dinoflagellates Gonyaulax catenella, G. acatenella, and G. tamarensis.

The mechanically stimulable bioluminescence of members of the Gonyaulax catenella group can be maximally photoinhibited by exposure to as few as 1013 quanta/cm2, a factor 104 times smaller than that required for comparable photoinhibition in Gonyaulax polyedra and all other photosynthetic bioluminescent dinoflagellates investigated. Following an irradiation pulse there is an initial time lag of one minute, followed by a rapid decrease in mechanical stimulability to approximately 1% of the dark unirradiated control with a firstorder rate constant as high as 0.01 sec−1. Action spectra for all three species imply a pigment with a single absorption band having a maximum at 562 nm and a half band width of 105 nm within the spectral range 325 nm to 775 nm. Photoinhibition appears to decrease either the sensitivity of the shear receptor mechanism or the efficiency of signal transmission in the dinoflagellates, since chemically stimulable bioluminescence is unaffected by these exposures.
Immune Responses Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

An exploratory case-control study was conducted to assess whether the many reported differences in the immune function of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients are detectable in rigorously defined cases of CFS. Although many studies have reported differences between cases and controls in various measures of immune function, none of these differences were found in all studies. In this study, no differences were found in white blood cell numbers; immune complex, complement, or serum immunoglobulin levels; delayed type hypersensitivity and allergic responses; NK cell function; and proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens. Marginal differences were detected in cytokine responses and in cell surface markers in the total CFS population. However, when the patients were subgrouped by type of disease onset (gradual or sudden) or by how well they were feeling on the day of testing, more pronounced differences were seen.
Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change after Catastrophic Events

Lessons of Disaster: Policy Change after Catastrophic Events. By Thomas A. Birkland. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2006. 240p. 26.95 paper. Lessons of Disaster is a natural follow-up to the author's previous book, After Disaster (1997), which examined the extent to which disasters and accidents influence policy agendas within relevant domains. Lessons of Disaster is built on this previous work but focuses specifically on whether or not disasters, as focusing events, induce policy learning. The author differentiates between simple policy change and actual policy learning by defining learning as a process by which policy actors incorporate new information and insights revealed by a disaster and purposefully apply it to the design of more appropriate or effective policies.
A LEGO Mindstorms NXT based multirobot system

Lego Mindstorms robots kits are popular hands-on robotics tools for math, science and engineering education. The recently developed NXT system is much more powerful than the previous RCX system, and has great potential for scholarly research. In this paper, we investigated and tested the capabilities and limitations of NXT system for its application to multirobot systems. To demonstrate our work, a functional prototype has been constructed and used to verify a swarm intelligence based algorithm.
Silicon Carbide-Based Extreme Environment Hybrid Design Temperature Sensor Using Optical Pyrometry and Laser Interferometry

To the best of the authors' knowledge, proposed and demonstrated is the first extreme environment temperature sensor using Blackbody (BB) radiation of a high-temperature material optical chip for coarse temperature measurement and classical Fabry-Perot (FP) laser interferometry via the same chip for fine temperature measurement. Such a hybrid design sensor can be used to accurately measure temperatures in excess of 750°C such as needed for gas turbines in power plants and aircraft engines. The proposed sensor is designed and demonstrated using an all-Silicon Carbide (SiC) probe for temperatures from 795°C to 1077°C with an estimated average measurement resolution of 0.1°C.