cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Translating Aristophanes for Performance

When I contracted with Focus Press to do a series of translations of Aristophanes, my charge was to provide more help to the reader, by way of introductions and notes, than other currently available translations provide. Beyond that I was on my own. Nothing was said about the translations themselves except that they should be attractive to the largest group of potential buyers, that is, to contemporary Americans who can read but who cannot read classical Greek and know little or nothing about the culture that spoke it. Of these, the great majority are college students required to read something by Aristophanes in fulfillment of a liberal arts requirement. The remainder are general readers, volunteers with some experience of higher education and motivated by curiosity. Of this target audience only a tiny handful will ever have a chance to see a play by Aristophanes performed, and if they do the odds are that it will be Lysistrata. So, for the time being at least, a translator of Aristophanes, like it or not is going to be translating for readers.
Numerical study of the quasinormal mode excitation of Kerr black holes

We present numerical results from three-dimensional evolutions of scalar perturbations of Kerr black holes. Our simulations make use of a high-order accurate multiblock code which naturally allows for adapted grids and smooth inner (excision) and outer boundaries. We focus on the quasinormal ringing phase, presenting a systematic method for extraction of the quasinormal mode frequencies and amplitudes and comparing our results against perturbation theory. The detection of a single mode in a ringdown waveform allows for a measurement of the mass and spin of a black hole; a multimode detection would allow a test of the Kerr nature of the source. Since the possibility of a multimode detection depends on the relative mode amplitude, we study this topic in some detail. The amplitude of each mode depends exponentially on the starting time of the quasinormal regime, which is not defined unambiguously. We show that this time-shift problem can be circumvented by looking at appropriately chosen relative mode amplitudes. From our simulations we extract the quasinormal frequencies and the relative and absolute amplitudes of corotating and counterrotating modes (including overtones in the corotating case). We study the dependence of these amplitudes on the shape of the initial perturbation, the angular dependence of the mode, and the black hole spin, comparing against results from perturbation theory in the so-called asymptotic approximation. We also compare the quasinormal frequencies from our numerical simulations with predictions from perturbation theory, finding excellent agreement. For rapidly rotating black holes (of spin $j=0.98$) we can extract the quasinormal frequencies of not only the fundamental mode, but also of the first two overtones. Finally we study under what conditions the relative amplitude between given pairs of modes gets maximally excited and present a quantitative analysis of rotational mode-mode coupling. The main conclusions and techniques of our analysis are quite general and, as such, should be of interest in the study of ringdown gravitational waves produced by astrophysical gravitational wave sources.
Identifying trajectories of change to improve understanding of integrated health care outcomes on PTSD symptoms post disaster

INTRODUCTION Addressing life stressors is an important function for integrated care, especially for health care homes located in disaster prone environments. This study evaluated trajectories of change for patients with postdisaster posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who were seen in integrated care. In addition to describing the results, this article provides the methods of subgroup analyses as this may be useful for others working in real-world practice. METHOD Patients (N = 340) receiving services at 5 rural health clinics self-reported PTSD symptoms as part of an ongoing evaluation to study the effectiveness of integrated health. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences overtime and trajectories were identified with cluster analyses. Disaster and trauma related factors associated with these trajectories were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS Significant overall decreases in PTSD symptoms overtime were found; individual trajectories were identified and include stable low, steep declines, stable high symptoms, and increasing symptoms. Stress related to disaster and the number of other traumas patients experienced correctly classified trajectory membership. DISCUSSION Trajectories indicate that patients have differing treatment needs and cluster analysis as an evaluation technique may be useful in identifying what treatment works and for whom. The present study addresses a major concern for health care providers serving disaster prone communities and emphasizes the importance of identifying pre incident and disaster related risk vulnerabilities that contribute to mental health outcomes. Subgroup analyses are a useful tool for developing more targeted treatment within integrated care and may be an accessible research strategy for others working in such settings. (PsycINFO Database Record
Clinically Useful Antimicrobial Agents: 1. General Considerations

The many new antimicrobial agents commercially available have created new problems for the clinician. This is the first in a series of five articles in which the authors consider the clinical application of the commonly used drugs and the problems involved in their use. Subsequent articles in this series will discuss the following aspects of antimicrobial therapy: part 2, dosage and mode of administration; part 3, untoward reactions; part 4, selection of regimen; and part 5, some current concepts of therapy.
Update to delivering medications via a pneumatic tube system

Nine years after the publication of guidelines for the use of pneumatic tube systems in medication delivery, a detailed list of medications that should not be delivered via pneumatic tubes was published.[1][1],[2][2] Updated lists have been subsequently published, with the most recent, from 2015,
Managing Supply Risk in Fixed Price Contracts: A Contingent Claims Perspective

The primary focus of this paper is supply risk mitigation. though, its objectives are twofold. First, we develop a generic contingent claims model framed as an exercise in stochastic optimal control. The model is easily adjusted to a number of risk-based operational problems. Second, we adapt the model to the problem of supply uncertainty and the valuation of a fixed price contract with a focus on managing supply uncertainty through a portfolio based risk sharing framework. The risk and reward tradeoffs characterizing our general findings in this chapter indicate a subtle balance between supply risk, sourcing allocations and related costs, and accordingly, the resulting operational strategies considered. Given this setup, increased supplier-portfolio risk is a defining measure in establishing optimal operating policies, with the caveat that increases in the supplier portfolioâ€™s volatility, also increase shortages which lowers the contractâ€™s value.
Statistical Analysis of the Shapes of Rich Superclusters

We outline a technique for estimating the large scale shape of rich superclusters using complete samples of objects extending out to moderately large redshifts. We describe two tests, a principal axes test and a velocity gradient test, which are especially useful for this purpose. We apply these tests to samples of clusters from the Abell catalog and search for evidence of disk-like or filamentary structures.
Management of Pleural Effusions in Mesothelioma

The mainstay of unresectable malignant mesothelioma remains the control of patients’ symptoms. Most patients survive only a few months. Talc is the single most commonly used agent for pleurodesis either as slurry or by poudrage. The use of talc is not without complications. Cytokines hold promise, but additional work and reduced costs are necessary. The search for an ideal agent for pleurodesis continues.
Transforming systems engineering through digital engineering

This article describes Department of Defense (DoD) Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) efforts leading to and supporting the DoD Digital Engineering (DE) initiative. Topics include the SERC’...
Strategic Partnerships in Surgery: A Model for the US.

I have considered it a great pleasure and tremendous honor to serve as the 129th president of the Southern Surgical Association (SSA). I'd like to share with you the impact of critical partnerships in American surgery, which have gone beyond societal and cultural norms of the times to empower the SSA to be an example and model for America in today's challenging times.
Long-term consequences of abdominal aortic and junctional tourniquet for hemorrhage control.

Abstract Background Specialized tourniquets have been deployed to the battlefield for the control of junctional/pelvic hemorrhage despite limited knowledge concerning their safety and duration of use. This study investigated long-term effects of abdominal application of the abdominal aortic and junctional tourniquet (AAJT) in a swine survival model. Methods Anesthetized spontaneously air-breathing swine were subjected to bilateral femoral artery injuries and subsequent 40% hemorrhage. Further hemorrhage was controlled by applying the AAJT on the lower abdomen for 0 h (n = 2, controls), 1 h (n = 6), 1.5 h (n = 6), or 2 h (n = 3). Before tourniquet release, arterial injuries were repaired, and mechanical ventilation and rapid crystalloid fluid were provided for at least 5 min. Additional fluid and 500 mL autologous blood were transfused after restoring blood flow. Animals were recovered and their mobility and health monitored up to 2 wk. Results AAJT application occluded the infrarenal abdominal aorta and stopped bilateral groin hemorrhage with rapid reversal of hemorrhagic shock and improved cranial blood pressure. All animals including controls recovered overnight but regaining hind leg function varied among AAJT-treated groups. In contrast to 1 h AAJT-treated swine that recovered full mobility in 1 wk, 2 h animals developed persistent hind leg paraplegia concurrent with urinary retention and ischemic necrosis of lumber muscles and had to be euthanized 3 d after surgery. Half of the 1.5-h group also had to be euthanized early due to paraplegia, whereas the other half recovered motor function within 2 wk. Conclusions The results of this animal study indicated that ischemic reperfusion injuries associated with abdominal application of the AAJT were time-dependent. To avoid permanent injuries, AAJT application on the abdomen to control a groin hemorrhage could not be longer than 1 h. This was consistent with recent instructions for application of this tourniquet on the abdomen in patients.
Dragon training and changing culture: A review of DreamWorks’ How To Train Your Dragon

DreamWorks' How to Train Your Dragon is an animated coming-of-age story in which the hero uses behavioral techniques to befriend and then to train an adversary. This movie provides an example of the successful dissemination of behavioral principles and technologies to the general population. Although it does not represent best practices in every instance, the movie may be an indication of a broader social acceptance of behavioral approaches to conflict resolution.
Motor Function and Motivation

Although it has been defined in different ways, motivation is typically identified as involving two main components: direction and activation. While motivated behavior is directed towards or away from particular stimuli, activational aspects of motivation refer to the observation that motivated behavior is characterized by substantial activity, vigor or persistence. There is considerable overlap between the brain systems mediating behavioral activation and those involved in features of movement control. Basal ganglia areas, including nucleus accumbens and its dopamine innervation, regulate activational aspects of motivation and represent a criticial part of the functional circuitry integrating motivational and motor control functions.
Earth's productivity Ghosts of biospheres past

Analyses of lake sediments and tree rings are just two of the ways to obtain proxy records of what the Earth was like in previous eras. But these records are essentially local in coverage, and they need to be extended to regional or global scales. New research indicates that such information may come from analysing the abundance of stable isotopes of oxygen from air trapped in ice cores.
Matrices and Codes

Various applications of the mathematics developed so far are most conveniently explained in terms of matrices and linear algebra. So in this chapter we present a summary of matrix notation and its relationship to systems of linear equations.
Common Ancestry: The Nambu—Goto Action

The “hidden” symmetries and the associated transformation laws for the Chaplygin and Born—Infeld models may be given a coherent setting by considering the Nambu—Goto action for a d-brane in (d + 1) spatial dimensions, moving on (d + 1,1)-dimensional space—time. In our context, a d-brane is simply a d-dimensional extended object a 1-brane is a string, a 2-brane is a membrane, and so on. A d-brane in (d + 1) space divides that space in two.
Forecasting private consumption with Google Trends data

This paper examines the predictive relationship of consumption‐related and news‐related Google Trends data to changes in private consumption in the USA. The results suggest that (1) Google Trends‐augmented models provide additional information about consumption over and above survey‐based consumer sentiment indicators, (2) consumption‐related Google Trends data provide information about pre‐consumption research trends, (3) news‐related Google Trends data provide information about changes in durable goods consumption, and (4) the combination of news and consumption‐related data significantly improves forecasting models. We demonstrate that applying these insights improves forecasts of private consumption growth over forecasts that do not utilize Google Trends data and over forecasts that use Google Trends data, but do not take into account the specific ways in which it informs forecasts.
Exploring Factors of Home Resources and Attitudes towards Mathematics in Mathematics Achievement in South Korea, Turkey, and the United States.

Educational opportunities and resources for students differ around the world. Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) highlights students’ achievement, home resources, and attitudes towards mathematics and science. In this study, we sought to identify home resources and attitudes towards mathematics factors that significantly predict fourth graders’ mathematics achievement in South Korea, Turkey, and the United States using TIMSS 2015 data. Results indicated that home resources and attitudes towards mathematics both positively and significantly predicted students’ mathematics achievement. Moreover, an interesting pattern emerged as Turkish students’ attitudes towards mathematics were higher and mathematics achievement scores were lower than students from South Korea, and the United States. Future research may include longitudinal studies of mathematics achievement among the three countries.
Latino Adolescents’ Experiences with Ethnic Discrimination: Moderating Factors and Mediating Mechanisms

Prevalence rates of ethnic discrimination among Latino middle and high school students show that 80% report at least one discriminatory incident at school (Gonzalez et al., 2014) and these experiences with discrimination pose a serious risk to Latino adolescents' healthy adjustment and overall development (e.g., Berkel et al., 2010). The proposed chapter presents a practical understanding of the experience of ethnic discrimination among Latino adolescents, addresses specific forms and contexts of discrimination (e.g., peer, teacher, police), and delineates the detrimental effects discrimination can have on youths’ academic, physical, and mental health outcomes. We also discuss how protective factors that may occur within the individual, family, neighborhood, and/or school context may help to mitigate the negative effects of ethnic discrimination on youths’ well-being.
The Current Status of Cultural Genocide Under International Law

This writing analyzes the current state of cultural genocide under international law. It juxtaposes the original legal definition of cultural genocide proposed (and rejected) in the 1948 Genocide Convention against the ways that international law treats cultural genocide today. The goal is to consider examples of the different ways that international law now handles cultural genocide in order to compare them to the original conception. To that end, the concept is analyzed in several settings where international law is developed and applied, such as international criminal tribunals, human rights bodies, domestic courts, and UN organs. After a brief review of historical antecedents, acts of cultural destruction that prima facie would meet the original definition are considered through various alternative legal lenses – as descriptive and evidentiary matters, as human rights violations, and as other types of international crimes (notably, war crimes and crimes against humanity). It concludes that, despite some progress, considerable gaps remain. The international community therefore should continue to work toward an international instrument that addresses the true criminality inherent in cultural genocide.
Silencing RORγt in Human CD4 + T cells with CD30 aptamer-RORγt shRNA Chimera

Targeting specific T cell subtypes and intervening in their function are emerging a critical strategy for treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here we report that an RNA CD30 aptamer was utilized to deliver short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to CD30+ T cells to target retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), leading to impaired expression of RORγt and suppression of IL-17A and IL-17F. A DNA template consisting of CD30 aptamer and RORγt shRNA sequences was synthesized and was transcribed CD30 aptamer-RORγt shRNA chimera (CD30-AshR-RORγt). Insertion of 2′-F-dCTP and 2′-FdUTP was incorporated during CD30-AshR-RORγt transcription to increase its resistance to RNase. CD30-AshR-RORγt was specifically up-taken by CD30+ Karpas 299 cells, but not by Jurkat cells which lack CD30. It was also up-taken by activated, CD30 expressing human CD4+T cells, but not by resting CD4+ T cells. The RORγt shRNA moiety of CD30-AshR-RORγt chimera was cleaved and released by Dicers. Then, CD30-AshR-RORγt suppressed RORγt gene expression in Karpas 299 cells and activated human CD4+ T cells. Consistently, silence of Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17A and IL-17F synthesis with CD30-AshR-RORγt was demonstrated in activated human CD4+ T cells from healthy donors and RA patients. CD30-AshR-negative control chimera and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-AshR-RORγt had no significant impact on the expression of RORγt or IL-17A and IL-17F. These data present a novel strategy for shRNA delivery using CD30 RNA aptamers to down-regulate CD30+ Th17 cells and can be developed as a targeted therapy for treating Th17 cell mediated conditions.
The Association Between Patient Visit Demographics and Opioid Analgesic Received in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: Minimal research has been conducted on the prescribing patterns of emergency room physicians. The opioid epidemic is a well-known public health crisis and increased knowledge of providers’ tendencies to prescribe opioids over other analgesia may help to update guidelines, improve patient safety, and lower the amount of opioid diversion and death from overdose. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between patient visit demographics and prescribed opiate analgesics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing adult patient visits that were seen in the emergency setting for acute pain including chest pain, back pain, abdominal pain, headache, face/tooth/ear, or musculoskeletal pain, utilizing the 2011-2016 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Emergency Department Patient Record dataset. We analyzed the relationship between various patient visit characteristics and whether opiate analgesics were given or prescribed. Results: Our study included 73,983 visits for pain, representing an estimated 407 million weighted visits over the study period. We found that those who received opiates were more likely to be female, 62.9% vs. 60.2% and more likely to be white, 74.2% vs. 71.3 %. Furthermore, visits that received opiates were more likely to be younger, have private insurance, and be in increased pain (all P-values = 0.000). Conclusion: We found that certain patient visit characteristics - including being female, white, younger, and private insurance - were given opiates more in the emergency department. Females have been found to report more pain, the elderly have special considerations regarding pain medications (including the risk of delirium and drug-drug interactions), while insurance status may be confounded by age (Medicare being a large portion of government insurance). However, explanations for differences in prescription rates by race could not be easily discerned.
Zheng He and the American Liberal Arts Education: Contexts and Complications

Zheng He was a eunuch of Moslem family heritage who held great authority early in the Ming Dynasty, primarily under the Yongle emperor (reign: 1402–24), as he led seven maritime expeditions, of which three reached the eastern coast of Africa. Of recent English language projects on Zheng He, Henry Tsai (1996) explores the context of the eunuchs of the Ming Dynasty in defining Zheng He’s work, and Edward Dreyer (2007) and Timothy Brook (2010) portray Zheng He within the context of the Chinese tributary system. However, other images also hold power over the Western imagination: Louise Levathes (1994) portrays Zheng He’s travels as trade missions and Gavin Menzies’s popularized Zheng He (2002) is first and foremost an explorer designed to be compared to Western explorers. While Zheng He can be partially understood through comparison to fifteenth-century Western navigators, we limit our knowledge when we identify him and his expeditions through the lens of Western traders and explorers. It is important instead to identify Zheng He within the framework of fifteenth-century Chinese history and culture. An examination of resources and methods for teaching Zheng He in an undergraduate liberal arts curriculum can serve as a case study for important issues to consider when infusing Asian Studies into undergraduate studies.
Implementation: The Next Giant Hurdle to Clinical Transformation With Digital Health

Clinical implementation of digital health is a major hurdle to overcome in the coming years. Considering the role of the Journal of Medical Internet Research in the past 20 years and looking toward the journal’s future, this viewpoint acknowledges the vision of medicine and the role that digital health plays in that vision. It also highlights barriers to implementation of digital health as an obstacle to achieving that vision. In particular, this paper focuses on how digital health research must start looking toward implementation as an area of inquiry and the role that the Journal of Medical Internet Research and its' sister journals from JMIR Publications can play in this process.
Early-life Health as a Lifelong Precursor of Self-Related Views of Aging in Later Life.

Objectives Age stereotypes and expectations about one's own aging commence in childhood but most research focuses on predictive associations with midlife health behaviors, later-life chronic conditions, biomarkers, and longevity. Surprisingly little is known about the role of poor childhood health in these associations. This study aims to fill this gap. Methods Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS: N = 5,773, aged 50-98), we investigated whether diagnosed chronic illness before age 16 and self-rated childhood health predict late-life self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and proportional subjective age discrepancy (PSAD). We conducted multivariate multiple regression analysis (MMRA) to determine the joint and partial effects of the two indicators of childhood health. Models included controls for childhood family financial status as well as late-life self-rated health, chronic illnesses, memory status, and demographic covariates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, socioeconomic status) in 2016. Results Over and above all covariates and the covariation of the two views of one's own aging, the MMRA models revealed that the number of childhood chronic illnesses predicted SPA but not for PSAD. Self-rated childhood health predicted both SPA and PSAD in the unadjusted models, but not in the adjusted models. Discussion This study provides new insight into potential early-life precursors of self-evaluations of aging. In particular, childhood diagnoses of chronic illness enhance negative SPA up to 50 years later. Non-normative experiences related to poor health in childhood are lifelong foundations for socioeconomic status, health, and for self-related beliefs about age and aging.
A Novel Case of Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection During Cabergoline Therapy for Prolactinoma

Abstract We present a case of spontaneous coronary artery dissection associated with cabergoline treatment for prolactinoma. A 31-year-old woman with history of hypertension and prolactinoma, treated with cabergoline, presented with chest pain. She had non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with double vessel coronary artery dissection and was treated with coronary artery bypass grafting. (Level of Difficulty: Beginner.)
Extended Abstract: Custom OR Off-the-Shelf Software: Making the Right Choice for Corpus Analysis

This article provides a systematic comparison of two common approaches to corpus analysis. While custom software is developed through programming, off-the-shelf software requires corpus linguistics knowledge. Focusing on the learning curve, cost, time, flexibility, and usability, we explain the features of each approach and offer guidance in how researchers can navigate different approaches to corpus analysis. Our critical reflection is based on a collective autoethnographic study. This research is useful for researchers who want to compare and choose between custom and readily available software in analyzing corpora.
From Heresy to Standard of Care: A Virologic Journey

In this month's journal, Bohorquez and colleagues review their experience with transplanting HCV + donor livers into HCV - recipients. In a retrospective analysis, the authors report from June 2018 to December 2019, following verification of DAA access, absence of critical drug-drug interactions and informed consent, allocated HCV NAT + organs were routinely offered to all patients on the waiting list for liver transplant irrespective of recipient HCV status.
#MeToo in the Academic Library: A Quantitative Measurement of the Prevalence of Sexual Harassment in Academic Libraries

The #metoo movement has prompted national discussions about workplace sexual harassment. Social science research suggests that female-dominated professions experience a high degree of workplace sexual harassment from supervisors, coworkers, and clients. Anecdotal evidence suggests that librarians experience sexual harassment. The authors administered a vetted, widely used survey to quantitatively measure for the first time how widespread sexual harassment is within academic libraries.
Self-stigma and the "why try" effect: impact on life goals and evidence-based practices.

Many individuals with mental illnesses are troubled by self-stigma and the subsequent processes that accompany this stigma: low self-esteem and self-efficacy. “Why try” is the overarching phenomenon of interest here, encompassing self-stigma, mediating processes, and their effect on goal-related behavior. In this paper, the literature that explains “why try” is reviewed, with special focus on social psychological models. Self-stigma comprises three steps: awareness of the stereotype, agreement with it, and applying it to one’s self. As a result of these processes, people suffer reduced self-esteem and self-efficacy. People are dissuaded from pursuing the kind of opportunities that are fundamental to achieving life goals because of diminished self-esteem and self-efficacy. People may also avoid accessing and using evidence-based practices that help achieve these goals. The effects of self-stigma and the “why try” effect can be diminished by services that promote consumer empowerment.
The Emergence of British Social Anthropology

Before Social Anthropology: Essays on the History of British Anthropology. James Urry Governing the Nuer: Documents by Percy Coriat on Nuer History and Ethnography, 1922–1931. Douglas H. Johnson
Tissue reaction to acrylic resin.

Abstract A method of investigating epithelial attachment to acrylic resin was described. Clinical and microscopic examination demonstrated an attachment of the epithelium to the acrylic resin.
On the Contact of Curved Rough Surfaces: Contact Behavior and Predictive Formulas

The statistical microcontact models of Greenwood–Williamson (GW), Kogut–Etsion (KE), and Jackson–Green (JG) are employed along with the elastic bulk deformation of the contacting solids to predict the characteristics of rough elliptical point contact such as the pressure profile, real area of contact, and contact dimensions. In addition, the contribution of the bulk deformation and the asperity deformation to the total displacement is evaluated for different surface properties and loads. The approach involves solving the microcontact and separation equations simultaneously. Also presented are formulas that can be readily used for the prediction of the maximum contact pressure, contact dimensions, contact compliance, real area of contact, and pressure distribution.
Positive and negative remember judgments and ROCs in the plurals paradigm: Evidence for alternative decision strategies

Using old-new ratings and remember-know judgments we explored the plurals paradigm, in which studied words must be distinguished from plurality-changed lures. The paradigm allowed us to investigate negative remembering—that is, the remembering of a plural-altered study item; capacity for this judgment was found to be poorer than or equivalent to the conventional positive remembering. A response-bias manipulation affected positive but not negative remembering. The ratings were used to construct ROC curves and test the prediction of the most common dual-process theory of recognition memory (Yonelinas, 2001) that the amount of recollection can be independently estimated from ROC curves and from remember judgments. By fitting the individual data with pure signal detection theory (SDT) models and dual-process models that combined SDT and high-threshold components (HTSDT), we identified two types of subjects. For those who were better described by HTSDT, the predicted convergence of remember-know and ROC measures was observed. For those who were better described by SDT, the ROC intercept could not predict the remember rate. The data are consistent with the idea that all subjects rely on the same representation but base their decisions on different partitions of a decision space.
The discourse on what is primary (Aggañña-Sutta)

[For Introduction and notes see Collins 1993c.] 1. Thus I have heard. At one time the Blessed One was living in the palatial monastery built by Migāra's mother in the Eastern Park outside Sāvatthi. At that time Vāsettha and Bhāradvāja, aspiring to become monks, were living with the monks there. One evening the Blessed One rose from his solitary meditation, went outside the monastery, and was walking back and forth in its shade, in the open air. 2. Vāsettha saw that the Blessed One … was walking back and forth … in the open air, and said to Bhāradvāja: “Friend Bhāradvāja, here is the Blessed One … walking back and forth … in the open air. Come, friend, let's go to him: perhaps we may get a chance to hear a Dhamma-talk from the Blessed One himself.” “Alright, friend,” agreed Bhāradvāja; and so Vāsettha and Bhāradvāja went up to the Blessed One, greeted him, and walked back and forth together with him. 3. Then the Blessed One addressed Vāsettha (and Bhāradvāja): “Monks, you were (both) born Brahmins, in Brahmin families, (but) you have gone forth from home to homelessness, (leaving your) Brahmin family. Surely Brahmins (must) revile and abuse you?” “Indeed, sir, Brahmins revile and abuse us fully, completely, with the (sort of) abuse one would expect (from them).”
Temperature-Dependent Dynamics of Microconfined Cs2

Femtosecond optical-heterodyne detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (OHD-RIKES) has been used to study the reorientational dynamics of CS2 in microporous glasses over a wide range of temperatures. Microconfinement is shown to affect the behavior of the liquid at all the temperature studied. The results are interpreted in terms of a two-state model of the confined liquid.
Estimating the Size of Historical Oregon Salmon Runs

Abstract Increasing the abundance of salmon in Oregon's rivers and streams is a high-priority, public policy objective. Salmon runs have been reduced from predevelopment conditions (typically defined as prior to 1850), but it is unclear by how much. Considerable public and private resources have been devoted to restoring salmon runs, but it is uncertain what the current recovery potential is because much of the freshwater and estuarine habitat for salmon has been altered and there is no expectation that it will be returned to a predevelopment condition. The goals of all salmon recovery efforts are based on assumptions about the size of the runs prior to significant habitat alteration, coupled with an estimate of the amount and quality of freshwater and estuarine habitat currently available. We estimated the historical aggregate salmon run size in rivers along the Oregon coast (excluding the Columbia River) using two methods: (1) converting estimated aboriginal population levels into numbers of salmon; (2)...
Simplified Discretization of Systems of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws Containing Advection Equations

The high speed flow of complex materials can often be modeled by the compressible Euler equations coupled to (possibly many) additional advection equations. Traditionally, good computational results have been obtained by writing these systems in fully conservative form and applying the general methodology of shock-capturing schemes for systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. In this paper, we show how to obtain the benefits of these schemes without the usual complexity of full characteristic decomposition or the restrictions imposed by fully conservative differencing. Instead, under certain conditions defined in Section 2, the additional advection equations can be discretized individually with a nonconservative scheme while the remaining system is discretized using a fully conservative approach, perhaps based on a characteristic field decomposition. A simple extension of the Lax?Wendroff Theorem is presented to show that under certain verifiable hypothesis, our nonconservative schemes converge to weak solutions of the fully conservative system. Then this new technique is applied to systems of equations from compressible multiphase flow, chemically reacting flow, and explosive materials modeling. In the last instance, the flexibility introduced by this approach is exploited to change a weakly hyperbolic system into an equivalent strictly hyperbolic system, and to remove certain nonphysical modeling assumptions.
Microstructural factors influencing fracture toughness of hafnium titanate

Abstract The effect of composition and porosity on the strength and toughness of a binary oxide, HfTiO4, was investigated. This material has several interesting characteristics: (a) a near-zero thermal expansivity (in polycrystalline form) arising from a negative expansivity along one of the crystallographic axes, and (b) a large solid solubility range, based on the composition HfTiO4, and extending from around 35 mole % TiO2 to beyond 50 mole % TiO2. Strength was measured in 4-point bending while fracture energy was measured on side-grooved double-cantilever-beam (DCB) specimens. Increasing porosity in the range from 12 to 26% had little effect on strength and caused a slight decrease in fracture energy. Compositions in the range from 30 to 40 mole % Ti2 exhibited lower strengths and greater fracture energies than did compositions containing 45 to 50 mole % TiO2. A simple microcrack model was developed to rationalize both the fracture strengths observed and the effect of composition.
EPR Spin Trapping of an Oxalate-Derived Free Radical in the Oxalate Decarboxylase Reaction

EPR spin trapping experiments on bacterial oxalate decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis under turn-over conditions are described. The use of doubly 13C-labeled oxalate leads to a characteristic splitting of the observed radical adducts using the spin trap N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone linking them directly to the substrate. The radical was identified as the carbon dioxide radical anion which is a key intermediate in the hypothetical reaction mechanism of both decarboxylase and oxidase activities. X-ray crystallography had identified a flexible loop, SENS161-4, which acts as a lid to the putative active site. Site directed mutagenesis of the hinge amino acids, S161 and T165 was explored and showed increased radical trapping yields compared to the wild type. In particular, T165V shows approximately ten times higher radical yields while at the same time its decarboxylase activity was reduced by about a factor of ten. This mutant lacks a critical H-bond between T165 and R92 resulting in compromised control over its radical chemistry allowing the radical intermediate to leak into the surrounding solution.
A data mining study of the matriculation of Covenant college applicants

Data mining is transforming the way colleges and universities use their data to make informed decisions. Particularly in the area of new student recruitment, college admissions offices are using data mining techniques to better manage their recruitment efforts. Admissions offices use these techniques to determine how likely a particular student is to matriculate based on their geographic location, interests, or even scholastic ability. Predicting who will matriculate allows the admissions department to focus their resources on those populations of applicants most likely to attend.
Plane wave dynamics in multiferroic materials using Maxwell's equations and equation of motion

In this paper we analyze the 3D modes of a linear homogeneous magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) material. We find that the behavior of the electromagnetic modes are strongly influenced by the mechanical coupling present in the MEE material system. A number of papers refer to the cross-coupling of laminated piezoelectric and piezomagnetic materials as magnetoelectric materials. We discuss here that the composite materials are MEE systems and that the constitutive relations need to reflect the mechanical coupling also. Further, we find that the mechanical coupling has a significant impact on the electromagnetic propagation modes of the composite material. Through examples of homogenized MEE materials we show possibilities for remarkable electromagnetic material characteristics which are not conventionally obtainable in single phase materials.
Small and medium sized enterprises: no longer just coping with the supply chain

It was not too long ago that the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) were precluded from participating in the lucrative supply-chain transactions generated by much larger manufacturers and suppliers. In most cases, SMEs were unable, or unwilling, to spend the necessary capital for transactional system implementations, or infrastructure upgrades. SMEs were at the mercy of their large customers who dictated the transactional standards and technology interface requirements. As a result, many companies lost lucrative contracts due to their inability to meet these mandates, or they lost revenue in order to maintain a business relationship with a large customer. This research looks at the history as well as at some of the changes that have taken place in the relationship between SMEs and their supply-chain partners. Case study data was collected from SMEs participating in a large, multi-tiered supply chain.
Techniques for estimating allometric equations.

Morphologists have long been aware that differential size relationships of variables can be of great value when studying shape. Allometric patterns have been the basis of many interpretations of adaptations, biomechanisms, and taxonomies. It is of importance that the parameters of the allometric equation be as accurate estimates as possible since they are so commonly used in such interpretations. Since the error term may come into the allometric relation either exponentially or additively, there are at least two methods of estimating the parameters of the allometric equation. That most commonly used assumes exponentiality of the error term, and operates by forming a linear function by a logarithmic transformation and then solving by the method of ordinary least squares. On the other hand, if the error term comes into the equation in an additive way, a nonlinear method may be used, searching the parameter space for those parameters which minimize the sum of squared residuals. Study of data on body weight and metabolism in birds explores the issues involved in discriminating between the two models by working through a specific example and shows that these two methods of estimation can yield highly different results. Not only minimizing the sum of squared residuals, but also the distribution and randomness of the residuals must be considered in determining which model more precisely estimates the parameters. In general there is no a priori way to tell which model will be best. Given the importance often attached to the parameter estimates, it may be well worth considerable effort to find which method of solution is appropriate for a given set of data.
Touch deprivation has an adverse effect on body image: Some preliminary observations

Body image in childhood initially develops in response to the empathic reflections of the mother or caregiver that are communicated mainly by physical sensations such as touching, secure holding, or tactile nurturing. In a nonclinical sample of 173 shoppers, we observed an inverse correlation between perceived tactile nurturing during childhood and Drive for Thinness (Eating Disorder Inventory [EDI]; Pearson r = -.19, p < or = .05) and Body Dissatisfaction (EDI; Pearson r = -.23, p < or = .05) among the females (n = 102). Furthermore, among the females there was a direct correlation (r = .29, p < .05) between a current desire to get more tactile nurturance and Drive for Thinness. Our empirical finding are consistent with the earlier developmental literature and support the importance of tactile nurturance in the development of body image especially among females.
Total nitric oxide production is low in patients with chronic renal disease

Total nitric oxide production is low in patients with chronic renal disease. Background A deficiency of the endogenous vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a potential cause of hypertension in chronic renal disease (CRD) patients. This study was conducted to determine whether 24-hour NO X (NO 2 and NO 3 ) excretion (a qualitative index of total NO production) is reduced in patients with CRD. Methods Measurements were made in 13 CRD patients and 9 normotensive healthy controls after 48 hours on a controlled low-NO X diet. Urine was collected over the second 24-hour period for analysis of 24-hour NO X , and cGMP and blood drawn at the completion. Plasma levels of arginine (the substrate for endogenous renal NO synthesis), citrulline (substrate for renal arginine synthesis), and the endogenous NO synthesis inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) and its inert isomer and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) were also determined. Results Systolic blood pressure was higher in CRD patients (12 of whom were already on antihypertensive therapy) than in controls ( P X excretion was low in CRD patients compared with controls despite similar dietary NO intake, suggesting that net endogenous NO production is decreased in renal disease. In contrast, the 24-hour urinary cGMP did not correlate with U NOX V. Plasma citrulline was increased in CRD patients, possibly reflecting reduced conversion of citrulline to arginine. Plasma arginine was not different, and plasma ADMA levels were elevated in CRD versus controls, changes that would tend to lower NO synthase. Conclusion These results suggest that NO production is low in CRD patients and may contribute to hypertension and disease progression in CRD.
Accurate S-state helium wave functions in momentum space

High-accuracy helium wave functions based on exponentials with random coefficients are transformed into momentum space. The utility of the wave functions is demonstrated through calculation of the expectation value of various operators needed to evaluate relativistic and QED corrections.
A telemetry-instrumentation system for chronically implanted glucose and oxygen sensors

An implantable potentiostat-telemetry system for in vivo operation of glucose and oxygen sensors is described. The device conveys signals from implanted chemical-specific sensors to a remote receiver via radio telemetry. Reference signals encoded in the analog FM transmission allow the receiver to automatically compensate for variability between simultaneously operated transmitters. The implant has several programmable operating modes that provide different signal gain and power consumption. All-CMOS circuitry is used, allowing operation for up to three months on a single lithium cell. Design, fabrication, and operation of the device are described. >
Internuclear (31)P-(51)V distance measurements in polyoxoanionic solids using rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance NMR spectroscopy.

We report the first results establishing rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) experiments for distance measurements between a spin-1/2 ( 31 P) and spin- 7 / 2 ( 51 V) pair in a series of vanadium-substituted polyoxoanionic solids from the Keggin and Wells-Dawson families. We have quantitatively measured 31 P- 51 V distances in monovanadium substituted K 4 PVW 11 O 40 , 1-K 7 P 2 VW 17 O 62 , and 4-K 7 P 2 VW 17 O 62 . Numerical simulations of the experimental data yield very good agreement with the averaged P-W/P-V distances determined from the X-ray diffraction measurements in the same or related compounds. REAPDOR is therefore a very sensitive P-V distance probe anticipated to be especially useful in the absence of long-range order. Our results suggest that REAPDOR spectroscopy could be broadly applicable for interatomic distance measurements in other spin-7/2-spin-1/2 nuclear pairs.