cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer in microchannels: substrate effects and cooling efficiency for rectangular and circular ducts

Recent advances in electronics lead to smaller sizes and higher heat generation rates. Heat removal at a very tight thermal envelope is only possible with liquid cooling technologies such as the microchannel heat sink cooling. While a large number of studies have focused on experimental analysis, there is a limited number of computational data to understand the interaction between flow, material properties and geometric variables. Therefore, a computational study is performed to examine the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of microchannel heat sinks operating in laminar flow regime. Square and circular cross-sectional shapes are studied where the hydraulic diameter varies from 60 to 240 microns for water as the working fluid. The relationships and strengths for both conductive and convective thermal resistances, wall heat transfer coefficient and the maximum source temperature are presented through Pareto charts. It is found that the convection thermal resistance values comparably higher than the conduction resistance values due to high conductivity of the heat sink materials. Copper and Aluminum heat sinks demonstrate comparable performance as convective thermal resistance dominates over conduction thermal resistance. Finally, it is shown that the wall heat transfer coefficient values are more dependent on the geometrical features than the flow rate values. However, the maximum source temperature values show dependency on the geometry and flow rates as well as the thermal conductivity of the substrate.
THE KIDS' TURN PROGRAM EVALUATION: PROBING CHANGE WITHIN A COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTION FOR SEPARATING FAMILIES

We provide evaluation results for Kids' Turn, a community-based divorcing parent education program. Based on pre- and post-test results from 61 parents, we found that parents reported improvements over time in interparental conflict, the number of topics parents argue about, parental alienation behaviors, parent anxiety and depression, and children's internalizing behaviors. These changes over time remained after we accounted for child sex, parent and child age, and time since separation. However, we did not observe any change in parenting behaviors. We discuss these results in light of factors influencing the ability of community-based programs to affect change in families after divorce. Over the past three decades, considerable change has occurred in knowledge about the implications of parent divorce for the social, emotional, and cognitive adjustment of children and parents. In the 1970s and early 1980s, research emerged to document that children of divorce are at increased risk for a number of deleterious outcomes and are at double the risk for developing a mental health disorder as compared to their peers from nondivorced families. Later, in the 1980s and early 1990s, attention was dedicated to the risk and protective factors associated with the divorce experience. Finally, a number of randomized field trial preventive intervention programs were developed and tested for efficacy in an attempt to help families ameliorate the supposed negative effects of divorce for children. Presently, however, few of the programs that have been evaluated for efficacy are currently available in the community (Wolchik, Sandler, Winslow, & Smith-Daniels, 2005). Further, efficacy results for community-based programs that serve divorcing families tend to lack evaluation data. This paper reviews the literature described above and introduces Kids' Turn, a divorcing family education program that has been offered in the San Francisco Bay Area continuously since 1988. This manu- script reports change over time within a sample of families who had participated in the Kids' Turn program and observed reductions in conflict intensity and breadth, parent rejection of child behavior, and parent anxiety and depression. These results are the first to provide evidence of change within participants in a community-based divorcing family education program. fcre_1376 348..363
Chemical properties of fibre in relation to nutritive quality of ammonia-treated forages

Abstract Eight straws and forages (two ryegrasses, cocksfoot, fescue and timothy from Britain, wheat and rye straw from Portugal and the OECD standard straw) and their ammoniaor alkali-treated products were evaluated by laboratory procedures involving saponification and determination of optical density (OD) of alkaline extracts. Saponification values were better correlated with digestibility in vitro in treated than in untreated materials. Saponification values appear to be a good measure of efficiency of treatment and are equally applicable to alkali- and NH3 -treated materials. On the other hand, OD of extracts was better correlated with digestibility in untreated forages, reflecting other factors influencing saponification values besides phenolics. High nitrogen content of acid-detergent fibre occurred in some heated materials, and was associated with somewhat lower digestibility in vitro, and probably also with availability of nitrogen. Digestion in vitro probably overvalues treated straws, since the cleaved phenolic products are soluble but probably indigestible.
Flight Testing with the Flutterometer

The flutterometer is an on-line tool that indicates a measure of distance to flutter during a flight test. The measure of distance is computed as a robust flutter margin by applying //-method analysis. The approach is to update the robust flutter margin at a series of test points by analyzing flight data. This paper documents the results of an envelope expansion for the Aerostructures Test Wing that used the flutterometer. Algorithm and implementation details that are critical to the successful application of the tool are discussed. Also, flight data and analysis are presented to demonstrate the properties of the flutterometer for predicting robust flutter speeds.
Chemically defined media for growth of Haemophilus influenzae strains

A chemically defined medium that supports the growth of both encapsulated and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strains in broth to densities that are ≥ 109 CFU/ml or on agar plates is described. The mean generation time of a panel of clinical isolates was comparable to that in rich, chemically undefined media (brain-heart infusion broth supplemented with heme and β-NAD).
Cardiac and Metabolic Physiology of Early Larval Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Reflects Parental Swimming Stamina

μmol mg − h − , while Mo2 ,aw as 0.2-1.2 μmol mg −1 h −1 . Significant (P < 0.05) differences between the LLSD and LHSD pop- ulations in Mo2, r occurred at 7, 10, and 21 dpf and in Mo2, a at 7 dpf. Gross cost of transport was ∼6-10 mol O · g −1 m −1 at 5 dpf, peaking at 14-19 mol O g −1 m −1 μ 2 μ μ 2 μ at 7-10 dpf, before falling again to 5-6 1 μmol O2 μg − m −1 at 21 dpf, with gross cost of transport signif-
Robust MIMO model following with application to trajectory motion control of robot arms

A model reference control (MRC) is studied for linear multi-input, multi-output systems with unknown dynamics. The control generates an estimate of an equivalent disturbance acting on the system, by the mechanism of time delay, and uses the estimate as a compensation signal. The analysis is presented in discrete time using the Euler operator. Experimental tests on the trajectory motion control of a two-degree of freedom SCARA robot are provided to corroborate the theoretical results. >
Role of Pseudorabies Virus Us9, a Type II Membrane Protein, in Infection of Tissue Culture Cells and the Rat Nervous System

The protein product of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) Us9 gene is a phosphorylated, type II membrane protein that is inserted into virion envelopes and accumulates in the trans-Golgi network. It is among a linked group of three envelope protein genes in the unique short region of the PRV genome which are absent from the attenuated Bartha strain. We found that two different Us9 null mutants exhibited no obvious phenotype after infection of PK15 cells in culture. Unlike those of gE and gI null mutants, the plaque size of Us9 null mutants on Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells was indistinguishable from that of wild-type virus. However, both of the Us9 null mutants exhibited a defect in anterograde spread in the visual and cortical circuitry of the rat. The visual system defect was characterized by restricted infection of a functionally distinct subset of visual projections involved in the temporal organization of behavior, whereas decreased anterograde spread of virus to the cortical projection targets was characteristic of animals receiving direct injections of virus into the cortex. Spread of virus through retrograde pathways in the brain was not compromised by a Us9 deletion. The virulence of the Us9 null mutants, as measured by time to death and appearance of symptoms of infection, also was reduced after their injection into the eye, but not after cortical injection. Through sequence analysis, construction of revertants, measurement of gE and gI protein synthesis in the Us9 null mutants, and mixed-infection studies of rats, we conclude that the restricted-spread phenotype after infection of the rat nervous system reflects the loss of Us9 and is not an indirect effect of the Us9 mutations on expression of glycoproteins gE and gI. Therefore, at least three viral envelope proteins, Us9, gE, and gI, function together to promote efficient anterograde transneuronal infection by PRV in the rat central nervous system.
Laboratory Studies of the Flow of Some Organic Solvents and Their Aqueous Solutions Through Bentonite and Kaolin Clays

A laboratory study was undertaken to evaluate the flow of the following organic solvents and their aqueous solutions through bentonite and kaolin clays: benzene, toluene, p-xylene, nitrobenzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, and phenol. In each experiment, one pore volume of a 0.005 N CaSO4 solution (water) flowed through the clays, followed by several pore volumes of an aqueous solution of one of the organic solvents, and then by about three pore volumes of the neat organic solvent. The hydraulic conductivity for the aqueous organic solutions was not significantly different from those for water, and ranged from 4.6 × 10-7 to 14.4 × 10-7 and from 0.6 × 10-7 to 0.8 × 10-7 cm/sec through the kaolin and bentonite clays, respectively. The flow of the neat solvents through either the bentonite or kaolin clay increased by up to two orders of magnitude. The aqueous solutions did not change the physical appearance of the clays. In general, the more hydrophobic solvents caused the clays to shrink, producing distinct large vertical cracks. The hydrophilic solvents typically caused the clays to aggregate and fracture, forming a network of cracks. The kaolin clay appeared to aggregate more readily than the bentonite clay. The higher swelling of the clays in water than in the neat organic solvents likely caused the physical changes in the clays and the rapid flow of the neat solvents through them.
New Strategies in Barrett's Esophagus: Integrating Clonal Evolutionary Theory with Clinical Management

Barrett’s esophagus is a condition in which the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the distal esophagus is replaced by intestinal metaplasia. For more than three decades the prevailing clinical paradigm has been that Barrett’s esophagus is a complication of symptomatic reflux disease that predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma, yet no clinical strategy for cancer prevention or early detection based on this paradigm has been proven to reduce esophageal adenocarcinoma mortality in a randomized clinical trial in part because only about 5-10% of individuals with Barrett’s esophagus develop esophageal adenocarcinoma. Recent research indicates that Barrett’s metaplasia is an adaptation for mucosal defense in response to chronic reflux in most individuals. The risk of progressing to esophageal adenocarcinoma is determined by development of genomic instability and dynamic clonal evolution in the distal esophagus modulated by host and environmental risk and protective factors, including inherited genotype. The challenge in Barrett’s esophagus lies in integrating knowledge about genomic instability and clonal evolution into clinical management to increase the lifespans and quality of life of individuals with this condition.
First observations of the Phoebe ring in optical light

The Phoebe ring, Saturn’s largest and faintest ring, lies far beyond the planet’s well-known main rings. It is primarily sourced by collisions with Saturn’s largest irregular satellite Phoebe, perhaps through stochastic macroscopic collisions, or through more steady micrometeoroid bombardment. The ring was discovered with the Spitzer Space Telescope at 24 lm and has a normal optical depth of � 2 � 10 � 8
Differentiation of the chorionic plate of the placenta: Cellular and extracellular matrix changes during development in the macaque

Background: The chorionic plate forms the fetal side of the placental disc, and its proper growth and development is important to the formation of a normal placenta. The development and structure of the chorionic plate has received little attention. Therefore, we have conducted a developmental and immunohistochemical study of the chorionic plate of the macaque placenta. Methods: Conventional light and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to study macaque placental tissues collected from 22 days of gestation to near term. Standard immunoperoxidase methods were used to identify type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin in paraffin sections. Results: Early in gestation the chorionic plate trophoblast consisted of an outer layer of syncytiotrophoblast and a single underlying layer of cytotrophoblast. Beginning at about 100 days of gestation, the cytotrophoblast layer became stratified. The cytotrophoblast cells also became surrounded by variable amounts of extracellular matrix containing type IV collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Ultrastructurally, the matrix contained abundant 10–12 nm diameter microfibrils. During later gestation the syncytiotrophoblast had a tendency to separate from the cytotrophoblast. Conclusions: The chorionic plate of the macaque placenta undergoes several distinctive morphological changes over the course of gestation. During the period of rapid diametrical growth of the disc, the chorionic plate trophoblast consists of a layer of syncytiotrophoblast and a single layer of cytotrophoblast. During later gestation the cytotrophoblast layer stratifies at a time coincident with that at which diametrical growth of the disc slows. The cytotrophoblast cells of later gestation appear synthetically active and at least some of their products are extracellular matrix components that encapsulate many of these cells. These components include type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and microfibrils. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ethics in Archaeology and Anthropology: Interrelated or Inherently Different?

: Liam Frink is contributing editor of “Ethical Currents,” the AAA Committee on Ethics column in Anthropology News.
The United States Sheep Experiment Station: Shedding Light on Rangeland Ecosystems

The United States Sheep Experiment Station: shedding light on rangeland ecosystems. DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v28i2_seefeldt
Dry matter loss and nutritional composition of wet brewers grains ensiled with or without covering and with or without soybean hulls and propionic acid

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the variation on nutritional composition of wet brewers grains mixed with soybean hulls or propionic acid and stored from 7 to 63 d. On d 0, treatments were randomly assigned to buckets (24 buckets per treatment) and consisted of wet brewers grains with no addition (NOADD) and added with soy hulls at 15 or 30% of DM (15SH and 30SH) and propionic acid at 0.40% of wet weight (PROP). Effects of mixture × time were detected ( P ≤ 0.05) for total DM loss and mean pH. Total DM loss of 15SH and 30SH was greater ( P ≤ 0.01) or did not differ ( P ≥ 0.48) compared with NOADD, whereas PROP tended ( P ≤ 0.09) to lessen total DM loss. Effects of mixture × time were detected ( P ≤ 0.0004) for concentrations of TDN, CP, ADF, NDF, and crude fat of nonspoiled DM material. Regardless of treatment, concentrations of TDN, ADF, NDF, CP and crude fat of nonspoiled DM mixture increased with storage days. Effects of mixture × time were detected ( P ≤ 0.02) for concentrations of macro and trace minerals. Regardless of treatment, concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Na, and K decreased, whereas concentrations of S, Cu, Fe, and Zn increased as storage time increased. Overall, adding soy hulls at 15 or 30% of DM resulted in the greatest total DM loss and variation on nutrient composition, whereas adding propionic acid at 0.40% of wet brewers grains wet weight resulted in least DM loss and effect on nutritional composition.
Retail Greeting: Impact on Customer: Benefits to the Firm

Retail greetings by salespeople can have an impact on sales, profitability, and service. The academic and retail writers have been almost universal in their condemnation of the most prevalent greeting "May I help you?" (MI). A model of the greeting process is offered. Several studies were conducted on the status of the retail greeting. The perspectives of practitioners and academics were sought. An empirical investigation reflecting five different approaches in three types of retail outlets were undertaken.
Abstract 298: Evaluation of Physiological Feedback-Based CPR in a Swine Model of Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Chest compressions (CC)s are given to cardiac arrest patients at a fixed depth and rate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), regardless of patient chest size, patient age, or cardiac arrest etiology. Mechanical CC devices help automate CCs, but are still limited by their fixed rate and depth settings. We investigated the feasibility of a CC device to respond to physiologic signals during a cardiac arrest by changing CC rate and depth. Methods: A custom-built chest compression device for CPR was built by linking a linear actuator with a SmartMotorTM and writing MATLAB® code to control the actuator. The device was tested in a swine model of cardiac arrest where 3 sixty-pound female swine were instrumented with Millar pressure catheters in the aorta, shocked into ventricular fibrillation, left untreated for 8 minutes, and then treated with our device. The physiologic signals we investigated were central arterial pressure (CAP) and quantitative electrocardiogram (QECG). Median slope (MS) ...
A model metallic glass exhibits size-independent tensile ductility

Abstract Metallic glasses (MGs) usually suffer brittle fracture under uniaxial tension due to size-dependent shear band cavitation. Here we developed a concurrent multi-scale simulation method to describe the uniaxial tension of a binary Lennard-Jones (BLJ) model glass up to 88 microns in length. No cavitation or brittle fracture was found even for the longest BLJ sample. As the length increases, the shear band temperature increases, then saturates, while the elastic unloading from shear-off diminishes. We conjecture that the shear band of a BLJ sample, even with a macroscopic length, cannot reach the herein estimated critical cavitation conditions. Thus, BLJ samples appear to be free of size-induced tensile brittleness. Based on the shear band evolution and the critical cavitation conditions, we propose three classes of MGs in terms of tensile ductility: brittle-MGs (brittle for all lengths), normal-MGs (ductile for short samples, brittle for long samples), cohesive-MGs (ductile for all lengths). Our simulation results illustrate limitations of existing molecular models, and suggest that certain experimental metallic glasses may be free of size-induced tensile brittleness.
Delayed Childbearing, Childlessness and Marital Disruption

Using data from the June 1985 [U.S.] Current Population Survey this paper examines the relation between delayed childbearing and childlessness and marital dissolution among white and black women married at least five years; marital dissolution is measured by separation. Results of a multivariate analysis indicate that among whites those having their first birth while married have a reduced risk of separation whereas childless women and those having a premarital first birth have an increased risk of separation....Differentials in marital dissolution occur among other subgroups of the population (e.g. age at first birth and to a lesser extent education). (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) (EXCERPT)
MULTIVARIATE SURVIVAL DATA UNDER BIVARIATE FRAILTY : AN ESTIMATING EQUATION APPROACH

A modified frailty model is developed to improve the computing efficiency of the bivariate frailty model proposed by Xue and Brookmeyer (1996, Lifetime Data Analysis 2, 277-290) for the analysis of multivariate survival data. Originally, the frailty was modeled parametrically and a modified EM approach was used to estimate the parameters of interest, however, with intensive computations. The modified frailty model formulates a Poisson regression model and applies quasi-likelihood estimating equations to estimate the parameters of interest. This procedure not only significantly reduces the computation but also avoids using a parametric assumption for the frailty distribution. Simulation studies show the estimators perform well. The method is also applied to a mental health care dataset.
Inter-rater reliability calibration program: critical components for competency-based education

Measurement accuracy and reliability are important components of competency-based education (CBE). The ability to reliably assess student performance consistently over a period of time is crucial in these programs. For CBE programs which require multiple faculty or rater evaluations due to large student enrollments, it is expected that the faculty or raters score the student responses similarly. The reliability of ratings is critical for CBE programs because the integrity of the program rests on students demonstrating the specific competencies within the curriculum. Due to Western Governors University (WGU) large student enrollments, it employs several hundred evaluators to rate students performance assessments. WGU developed a program to assist their Evaluation Department in training their evaluators to score students assessments similarly. By using this program, WGU is able to maintain high inter-rater reliability rates within their evaluators and they are able to calibrate the ratings of their evaluators to ensure equitable and impartial ratings of assessments. This calibration has been very successful for new evaluator training and the retraining of current evaluators. WGU will continue to use this program in order to review and rate their assessments in an organized and systematic manner.
Reservoir characteristics of different sedimentary facies in the Changxing and Feixianguan Formations,northeast of the Sichuan Basin

Previous exploration activities indicate that the Changxing Formation of the Late Permian and the Fei-xianguan Formation of the Early Triassic in northeast of Sichuan Basin have great potential of gas discoveries.The reservoirs are mostly developed in platform margin reef bank facies,restricted platform facies,open platform facies and platform margin ramp-continental shelf facies.In order to deepen the understanding of the reservoir characteristics,we studied the petrophysical characteristics of rock samples from different sedimentary facieses in the two formations from three blocks namely as Xuanhan,Tongnanba and Yuanba in Da County of Sichuan Province based on available log interpretations and sample test results.It turns out that the sedimentary facies controlled the rock types,which in turn result in varying reservoirs petrophysical characteristics due to differences in internal textures and primary porosity.It also points out that reservoirs are better developed in facies deposited in an environment with higher energy.Reservoirs in the platform margin reef bank facies have the best petrophysical characteristics and are of porous types(type Ⅱ).The platform facies contains complex reservoirs of fracture-porosity type(type Ⅲ) with second best petrophysical characteristics.The reservoirs in the platform margin ramp-continental shelf facies have poor petrophysical characteristics and are of fracture type.We therefore suggest that the platform margin reef bank facies be the focus of exploration activities.
Vibration Serviceability Assessment of an In-Service Pedestrian Bridge Under Human-Induced Excitations

Pedestrian bridges may experience significant vibrations under pedestrian traffic and wind loads. Design codes address the vibration limit state levels either by ensuring the frequency ranges associated with typical pedestrian passages are outside the lower fundamental frequencies of the structure or by restricting the maximum accelerations below the limits for pedestrian comfort. This paper discusses vibration serviceability assessment of a highly trafficked local pedestrian bridge based on the field dynamic tests. The selected bridge is a 60-m-long three-span steel structure with a continuous reinforced concrete slab supported on two longitudinal steel girders. First, a finite element model of the pedestrian bridge is developed to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Then, ambient vibration tests are conducted to validate the modal characteristics of the pedestrian bridge. Next, the dynamic response of the bridge in terms of peak accelerations is determined both experimentally and analytically under various pedestrian excitations. Finally, the implications of the results for the serviceability limit state assessment of the pedestrian bridge are discussed.
Multicenter Experience of Surgical Explantation of Carotid Stents for Recurrent Stenosis.

Objective A significant cohort of patients who have undergone carotid artery stenting (CAS) will have in-stent restenosis (ISR). The optimal management of symptomatic or severe ISR remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to describe the indications, treatment, and mid- to long-term outcomes of patients undergoing CAS explantation for ISR. Methods All patients undergoing internal carotid artery stent explantation with carotid artery reconstruction at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, and Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center from 2003 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Isolated common carotid artery stents were excluded. Demographics, comorbidities, indications for explantation, operative details, and perioperative and postoperative outcomes were reviewed. Results Over the study interval, a total of 971 patients underwent carotid stenting across the 3 centers. Of these, 8 patients ultimately underwent CAS explantation with carotid artery reconstruction. Mean age was 69 years and 5 patients were male. Index stent placement was for symptomatic stenosis in 4 patients, asymptomatic restenosis after endarterectomy in 2 patients, asymptomatic high lesion in 1 patient, and asymptomatic critical stenosis in 1 patient. Indications for explantation were symptomatic ISR in 4 patients and asymptomatic severe ISR in 4 patients. Method of repair was stent explantation and patch angioplasty in 5 and en bloc carotid resection with bypass in 3 patients. There were no perioperative neurologic events or cranial nerve injuries. At a mean follow-up of 38.7 months, there were 2 late disabling ipsilateral strokes (14.4 months and 19.1 months). Conclusion A significant cohort of patients who have undergone CAS will have ISR. Although excellent perioperative results after surgical explantation can be obtained, this patient subgroup remains at risk for late neurologic events. Appropriate patient selection and diligent long-term follow-up are mandated to obtain optimal outcomes.
128 AN UNUSUAL CASE OF AN ELEVATED ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN IN TESTICULAR CANCER.

Case Presentation We present the case of a 44-year-old male with testicular cancer. He underwent a radical orchiectomy, which revealed pure embryonal cell carcinoma. Preoperative and postoperative alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were 8 and 5.8 ng/mL, respectively. Beta-HCG was undetectable. CT scan showed retroperitoneal adenopathy, with the largest lymph node measuring 2 × 3 cm. He was then treated with four cycles of cisplatin and etoposide chemotherapy. After his second cycle of chemotherapy, he was noted to have elevated hepatic transaminases. His AST and ALT peaked at 274 and 447, respectively. Hepatitis panel was positive for hepatitis C antibody, and hepatitis C quantitative RNA was > 700,000 IU/mL. His AST and ALT remained elevated until he completed chemotherapy, at which time they decreased to approximately twice the upper limit of normal. Upon completion of chemotherapy, routine surveillance AFP was 3638.0 ng/mL. At that time, CT scan showed ascites, a normal liver, and multiple retroperitoneal adenopathies, the largest measuring 1.5 × 1.3 cm. We hypothesized that the AFP elevation was due to reactivation of hepatitis C, and we continued to observe the patient. He was not treated for hepatitis C. Over the next 6 months, his AFP slowly returned to normal, the retroperitoneal adenopathy and ascites resolved on CT scan, and his quantitative hepatitis C RNA decreased to 1,460 IU/mL. Eighteen months after his diagnosis of testicular cancer, he remains disease free, with normal AFP (4.8ng/mL) and CT scan. Discussion It has been stated that significant elevations of AFP in a patient with a history of germ cell cancer indicates recurrence of the malignancy. This case illustrates the fact that an elevated AFP does not always indicate a recurrence of a germ cell cancer. In addition, this is, to our knowledge, the highest reported AFP level due to reactivation of hepatitis C.
From Socialist Feminism to the Critique of Global Capitalism

This chapter explores the trajectory of Nancy’s Fraser’s development from socialist feminism to the critique of global capitalism by focusing on five closely related themes: (1) the public sphere and feminist concerns; (2) justice, redistribution, and recognition; (3) rethinking Polanyi’s The Great Transformation; (4) prospects for a radical feminism; and (5) emancipation and the critique of neoliberal capitalism.
An update on new and unique uses of botulinum toxin in movement disorders

The therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin (BoNT) have grown manifold since its initial approval in 1989 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of strabismus, blepharospasm, and other facial spasms. Although it is the most potent biologic toxin known to man, long-term studies have established its safety in the treatment of a variety of neurologic and non-neurologic disorders. This review focuses on some novel and uncommon uses of BoNT in the treatment of movement disorders, such as oromandibular dystonia, including bruxism, anterocollis, camptocormia, tremor, tics, tardive and levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and restless legs syndrome. Despite a paucity of randomized controlled trials and lack of FDA approval for these movement disorders, there is growing body of evidence that BoNT provides benefit to patients with these hyperkinetic movement disorders and that BoNT is a safe treatment when used by clinicians skilled in the administration of the drug for these conditions.
Antiinflammatory effects of aprepitant coadministration with cART regimen containing ritonavir in HIV-infected adults

Background HIV-infected individuals, even well controlled with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), have systemic inflammation and comorbidities. Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide, which mediates neurotransmission and inflammation through its cognate neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). Plasma SP levels are elevated in HIV-infected individuals. The FDA-approved antiemetic aprepitant, an NK1R antagonist, has anti-HIV effects and antiinflammatory actions. We evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiinflammatory properties of aprepitant in HIV-positive individuals receiving cART. Methods We conducted a phase 1B study of 12 HIV-positive individuals on a ritonavir-containing regimen (HIV viral load less than 40 copies/ml and CD4 > 400 cells/μl). Participants received open-label aprepitant 375 mg per day for 28 days and were followed for an additional 30 days. Changes in plasma levels of proinflammatory markers were assessed using flow cytometry, ELISA, luminex, and SOMAscan assays. Results The mean peak aprepitant plasma concentration was 30.7 ± 15.3 μg/ml at day 14 and 23.3 ± 12.3 μg/ml at day 28. Aprepitant treatment resulted in decreased plasma SP levels and affected 176 plasma proteins (56 after FDR) and several metabolic pathways, including inflammation and lipid metabolism. No change in soluble CD163 was observed. Aprepitant treatment was associated with a moderate increases in total and HDL cholesterol and affected select hematologic and metabolic markers, which returned to baseline levels 30 days after aprepitant treatment was stopped. There were 12 mild and 10 moderate adverse events (AE). Conclusions Aprepitant is safe and well tolerated. The antiinflammatory properties of aprepitant make it a possible adjunctive therapy for comorbid conditions associated with HIV infection. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02154360). Funding This research was funded by NIH UO1 MH090325, P30 MH097488, and PO1 MH105303.
Treatment of Adolescent Osteoporosis

The diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in adolescents differ in several ways from the care of older adults. The diagnosis cannot be based upon low bone mineral density alone. The criteria for osteoporosis in a pediatric patient include a low trauma vertebral fracture or low bone density for age and a significant fracture history (2 or more long bone fractures before age 10 or 3 or more long bone fractures before age 19). Since many vertebral fractures are asymptomatic, radiographic screening is important for youth at high risk. Primary osteoporosis results from heritable disorders, whereas secondary osteoporosis is acquired as a consequence of chronic disease and the medications used for treatment. The myriad disorders linked to bone fragility share one or more common skeletal risk factors including nutritional deficits, reduced mobility, increased inflammatory cytokines, sex steroid or growth hormone deficiency, and osteotoxic drug therapy. The net result is reduced bone formation, which may be compounded by increased bone resorption. Growing children have the potential to restore bone strength if they recover from illness, whereas pharmacologic therapy may be indicated on a compassionate basis for patients with fragility fractures and limited potential to recover spontaneously. Primary care providers can play a critical role by identifying teens at risk for bone fragility, by encouraging optimal nutrition (including protein, calcium, and vitamin D) and physical activity, and by referring to physicians with expertise in pediatric osteoporosis. The goal of this chapter is to educate providers about current consensus and controversy on the use of osteoporosis drugs in adolescents.
Pre-recession efficiencies and input allocation decisions of agricultural and critically insolvent banks.

ABSTRACTThe late 2000s’ economic recession is considered the longest economic downturn since the 1930s Great Depression. Declining real estate values ignited an increase in loan defaults and mortgage foreclosures that led to a surge of bank failures at a rate not experienced by the U.S. banking industry since the 1980s. A total of 509 bank failures were recorded by the FDIC from January 2007–December 2014, with nearly 60% of these failures occurring in 2009 and 2010. In contrast, there were only 24 bank failures in the U.S. during the 7-year period prior to 2007. This study analyzed certain components of operating decisions made by banks that either survived or became critically insolvent during the late 2000s financial crisis using an Input Distance Stochastic Frontier function to estimate the technical efficiency (TE) and allocative efficiency (AE) between agricultural banks and non-agricultural banks. This efficiency analysis was applied to a 7-year pre-recession period and is designed to final out any...
Successful Conservative Management of Bilateral Renal Mucormycosis.

Urology - En prensa. Pruebas corregidas por el autor. Disponible en linea desde el lundi 6 aout 2018
Abstract 20508: Out-of-Pocket Medical Costs in Severe Congenital Heart Disease

Introduction: Families of children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) face myriad stressors. These include financial burdens, which are compounded by uncertainty regarding the amount of responsibility the family will assume for medical bills. Out-of-pocket medical costs for these families has not previously been reported. This study describes the family responsibility for healthcare bills during the first 12 months of life for commercially insured children undergoing surgical repair for transposition of the great arteries, tetralogy of Fallot, and truncus arteriosus. Methods: The MarketScan database was used to identify commercially insured infants carrying an ICD-9 diagnosis code for one of three forms of severe CHD as well as the corresponding procedure code for corrective operation from 2010-2012. Data extraction determined inpatient, outpatient, and pharmaceutical payment responsibilities of the patients’ families in the form of copayments, deductibles, and co-insurance during their first year of life. Results: 481 infants with severe CHD undergoing surgical repair were identified (Table 1). The average family responsibility for medical bills was approximately $3000, and some families faced as much as $11,000 in medical bills for which they were responsible. Index hospitalization accounted for 28-37% of out-of-pocket costs, compared to 12-17% for follow-up hospitalization(s), 7-15% for prescriptions, and 38-45% for outpatient visits. Conclusions: Families of commercially insured children with severe CHD requiring corrective surgery face an average of approximately $3,000 in out-of-pocket costs for healthcare bills over the first 12 months of their child’s life. While these families face enormous additional emotional and financial burdens, this information may provide a framework to alleviate some of the uncertainty surrounding healthcare financial responsibilities.
Three-Phase Circuits

Three-phase circuits are important in the power industry, where electric power is distributed using three-phase voltage and current (especially over long distances) and also in almost any industrial facility using many large electric motors.
Probabilistic and Statistical Models for Outlier Detection

The oldest methods for outlier detection are rooted in probabilistic and statistical models, and date back to the nineteenth century [149]. The earliest methods were proposed well before the advent and popularization of computer technology. Therefore, these methods were designed without much focus on practical issues such as data representation or computational efficiency. Nevertheless, the underlying mathematical models are extremely useful, and have eventually been adapted to a variety of computational scenarios.
Constructing strings at the nano scale via staged self-assembly

Tile self-assembly is an intriguing approach to manufacturing desired shapes with nano-scale feature size. A recent direction in this theory allows the use of multiple stages--operations performed by the experimenter, such as mixing two self-assembling systems together. This flexibility transforms the experimenter from a passive entity into a parallel algorithm, and vastly reduces the number of distinct parts required to construct a desired shape, possibly making the systems practical to build. We start with the relatively simple goal of constructing 1D strings of tiles with distinctive markers, while minimizing the number of mixing steps (work) performed by the staged assembly. In the practical situation of few different "glues", this problem turns out to be closely related to compressing a string into a context-free grammar with the fewest nonterminals. In general, however, the problems turn out to be quite different, as the implicit parallelism of a mixing operation can be exploited to reduce the number of steps. The staged-assembly perspective also enables the possibility of additional operations, such as adding an enzyme that destroys all tiles with a special label. By enabling destruction in addition to the usual construction, we can perform tasks impossible in a traditional self-assembly system. For example, we can build a Replicator, which transforms a given object of unknown shape or size into many copies of that shape; and we find a vastly more efficient way to construct a nano computer through self-assembly.
Pharmacometrics in Pulmonary Diseases

Inhalation therapy has been successfully applied to treat respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with the primary goal of lung targeting, i.e., maximizing the beneficial local effects while keeping the systemic side effects to a minimum. However, inhalation drug delivery remains challenging because of the plethora of factors that can impact the fate of an inhaled drug. These factors can be related to (1) anatomy/physiology of the lung (e.g., differences in the cellular profile and the anatomical features between the central and the peripheral lung; mucociliary escalator in the central lung region), (2) physicochemical properties of the drug (influence of particle size distribution on the degree and site of lung deposition; particle dissolution rate), and (3) patient characteristics (differences in breathing patterns and airway caliber between a healthy and a diseased lung, and its impact on the variability between and within subjects). Hence, it is imperative to incorporate the impact of these factors while developing models to accurately predict the pulmonary and systemic side effects and optimize inhalation therapy. PK/PD models describing the factors important for enhancing the benefit to risk ratio, models quantifying the systemic side effects of inhalation therapy, mechanistic/physiological PK models accurately predicting the systemic PK of inhalation drugs, and focusing on corticosteroids and β-2 agonists are described in this chapter.
Analyzing the current practice patterns and views among urologists regarding focal therapy for prostate cancer.

Abstract Introduction and objective Focal therapy (FT) for localized prostate cancer (CaP) has been shown to have encouraging short-term oncological outcomes, excellent preservation of functional outcomes and is increasing in popularity in urologic community. We aim to evaluate the preferences and practice trends among urologists regarding this treatment strategy. Methods A 20 item online questionnaire was designed to collect information on urologists' views and use of FT. The survey was sent to the members of the Endourological Society and the American Urological Association. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine predictors for utilization of FT. Results A total of 425 responses were received [American Urological Association: 319, Endourological Society: 106]. Mean age of respondents was 53(SD: 11.3) years. Although half of the respondents (50.8%) believed FT to be moderate to extremely beneficial in the treatment of CaP, only 24.2% (103) of the respondents currently utilize FT in their practice. Respondents who were fellowship trained in urologic oncology were more likely to consider FT to be at least moderately beneficial (P Conclusions Only a quarter of our respondents utilize FT in their practice with surgeon's experience being the important independent predictor for using FT. Majority of respondents though consider FT to be beneficial in CaP management, would use it more often if provided more reliable and cost-effective options. Over time, experience and accessibility to reliable methods to perform FT may lead to further utilization of this novel treatment strategy.
Urban Microgrids: A Review and Applications in Postindustrial Detroit Area

Energy utilities are dealing with an increasingly outdated electricity grid. The grid is aging and will require large amounts of investment in order to maintain adequate service. Microgrids are localized small-scale electricity grids designed to address the local demand. Microgrids have the ability to improve grid reliability and increase renewable energy integration. Urban microgrids can be seen in use or in various stages of design or planning throughout the United States. Detroit has increasing grid reliability issues and high rates of residential vacancy leaving an opportunity for microgrids and renewable energy distributed generation. This paper aims to review the applications of microgrids throughout the United States and how they could be used in urban Detroit to address various issues.
A stratified reservoir sampling algorithm in streams and large datasets

In data stream mining, a stream is a dataset of unknown size with continuously incoming elements, which is typically large enough so that a computer processing it does not have enough memory to hol...
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Digital Storytelling Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Women Living With HIV.

Background People living with HIV in the USA smoke at a rate nearly three times that of the general population, and Black women are disproportionately affected by HIV infection. Purpose This study was conducted to test the preliminary efficacy of a digital storytelling intervention for smoking cessation in U.S. women living with HIV. Methods Participants in the treatment arm viewed a film in which women living with HIV talk about quitting smoking, and those in the control arm viewed an attention-control film in which women talk about living with HIV infection. Participants in both arms received eight weekly video-call counseling sessions focused on smoking cessation and nicotine patches or gum during the same period. Participants were followed on a monthly basis from quit day for 3 months. Results Of the 53 participants randomized, four withdrew before receiving any intervention, one dropped out during the intervention, and 48 (90.6%) completed the study. No difference was found in the baseline characteristics between the two arms with the exception that the treatment arm had higher nicotine dependence scores [t(1.51) = 2.30, p = .03] than the control arm. Seven day point-prevalence abstinence rates at 3 month follow-up were not found to differ between the two arms. However, the odds of achieving 3 month prolonged abstinence were four times greater (odds ratio = 4.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.10, 16.23) in the treatment arm than the control arm when the analysis was performed with those (n = 49, 92.5%) who received any part of the allotted intervention. Conclusions A digital storytelling intervention seems to be a valuable strategy to enhance the effect of conventional tobacco dependence treatment for women living with HIV. However, the underlying mechanism of the effect of digital storytelling necessitates further investigations in a large RCT.Clinical Trials Registration No. NCT03289676.