cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methodology for nonlinear quantification of a flexible beam with a local, strong nonlinearity

Abstract This study presents a methodology for nonlinear quantification, i.e., the identification of the linear and nonlinear regimes and estimation of the degree of nonlinearity, for a cantilever beam with a local, strongly nonlinear stiffness element. The interesting feature of this system is that it behaves linearly in the limits of extreme values of the nonlinear stiffness. An Euler-Bernoulli cantilever beam with two nonlinear configurations is used to develop and demonstrate the methodology. One configuration considers a cubic spring attached at a distance from the beam root to achieve a smooth nonlinear effect. The other configuration considers a vibro-impact element that generates non-smooth effects. Both systems have the property that, in the limit of small and large values of a configuration parameter, the system is almost linear and can be modeled as such with negligible error. For the beam with a cubic spring attachment, the forcing amplitude is the varied parameter, while for the vibro-impact beam, this parameter is the clearance between the very stiff stops and the beam at static equilibrium. Proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to obtain an optimal orthogonal basis used to describe the nonlinear system dynamics for varying parameter values. The frequencies of the modes that compose the basis are then estimated using the Rayleigh quotient. The variations of these frequencies are studied to identify parameter values for which the system behaves approximately linearly and those for which the dynamical response is highly nonlinear. Moreover, a criterion based on the Betti-Maxwell reciprocity theorem is used to verify the existence of nonlinear behavior for the set of parameter values suggested by the described methodology. The developed methodology is general and applicable to discrete or continuous systems with smooth or nonsmooth nonlinearities.
Analysis of genomic DNA copy number alterations in chromosome arm 18q demonstrates distinct molecular categories of colorectal carcinoma

10005 Background: Genomic instability is a major feature of neoplastic development in colorectal carcinoma and other cancers. Specific genomic instability events such as genomic deletions have potential utility as biologically relevant prognostic biomarkers. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 18q is an indicator of colorectal carcinoma behavior and potentially, prognosis. For stage II and III colorectal cancer, a number of retrospective studies have shown strong correlations between deletions in 18q and reduced survival. However, other studies have failed to identify this correlation. This discrepancy is likely the result of different sets of genetic markers and their widely disparate locations along chromosome arm 18q, often separated by megabases. New technologies are needed to overcome these issues. Methods: Using a novel genomic technology called molecular inversion probes (MIPs), we analyzed genomic deletions at exon-level resolution in primary colorectal carcinoma. Unlike microsatellite ...
A physics-based model for the ionization of samarium by the MOSC chemical releases in the upper atmosphere

Atomic samarium has been injected into the neutral atmosphere for production of electron clouds that modify the ionosphere. These electron clouds may be used as high-frequency radio wave reflectors or for control of the electrodynamics of the F region. A self-consistent model for the photochemical reactions of Samarium vapor cloud released into the upper atmosphere has been developed and compared with the Metal Oxide Space Cloud (MOSC) experimental observations. The release initially produces a dense plasma cloud that that is rapidly reduced by dissociative recombination and diffusive expansion. The spectral emissions from the release cover the ultraviolet to the near infrared band with contributions from solar fluorescence of the atomic, molecular, and ionized components of the artificial density cloud. Barium releases in sunlight are more efficient than Samarium releases in sunlight for production of dense ionization clouds. Samarium may be of interest for nighttime releases but the artificial electron cloud is limited by recombination with the samarium oxide ion.
A Spin-Orbit Torque based Cellular Neural Network (CNN) Architecture

In this paper, we propose a differential Spin Hall Effect(SHE) assisted domain wall synapse, which can generate either positive or negative synaptic weighting values without the significant cost of multiple power supply voltages, supply rails, or computationally-intensive digital hardware. The architecture of the proposed synapse utilizes reading currents flowing through two oppositely-oriented devices as weighted by device conductance. The conductance is used to encode synaptic weight and programmed by domain wall position through writing current. The ability to set the current as positively or negatively weighted results in highly-configurable functionality within a compact synapse design. The synapses are used with a soft-limiting nonlinear neuron to employ the relationship between positions and input current magnitude. We show through micro-magnetic simulation how the non-volatile physical characteristic of the domain wall calibrated synapse is used to implement a numerical integration function to realize a Cellular Neural Network(CNN). The performance of the proposed CNN design for isolated letter denoising at 0ns to 4ns demonstrates noise filtering functionality with total energy consumption during sensing of 24fJ. This compares favorably to existing spin CNN cell designs to provide a promising design approach for intrinsic neural computation.
Scalable stability analysis on large connected vehicle systems subject to stochastic communication delays

Abstract In this paper large connected vehicle systems are analyzed where vehicles utilize vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication to control their longitudinal motion. It is shown that packet drops in communication channels introduce stochastic delay variations in the feedback loops. Scalable methods are developed to evaluate stability and disturbance attenuation while utilizing the mean, second moment, and covariance dynamics in open chain and closed ring configurations. The stability results are summarized using stability diagrams in the plane of the control parameters while varying the packet delivery ratio and the number of vehicles. Also, the relationship between the stability of different configurations is characterized. The results emphasize the feasibility of V2V communication-based control in improving traffic flow.
Sexual Positioning Practices and Sexual Risk Among Black Gay and Bisexual Men: A Life Course Perspective.

Increased attention has highlighted the role of age and sexual development on HIV risk among Black MSM (BMSM); limited focus has been given to the relationship of sexual positioning to HIV risk along the life course. This study examined BMSM’s life course sexual positioning practices and accompanying HIV/STI risks. Twenty-six Black gay and bisexual men ages 24–61 completed life history interviews in Los Angeles, California, between September and November 2015. Thematic analysis evaluated domains including major life events, substance use, social support, and partner selection. Varying exposure to HIV treatment and prevention options and venues to meet male partners revealed generational differences in sexual risks. Childhood sexual abuse and internalized homonegativity impacted personal development, sexual positioning, and condom negotiation. BMSM also assumed sexual positioning using masculinity stereotypes and body language. Clarifying the sexual development and HIV/STI risk contexts among BMSM could better inform current treatment and prevention needs.
Network disruption following mild traumatic brain injury: clinical and experimental research implications.

Illuminating the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie persistent postconcussive symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a growing area of study. Alhourani et al. (J Neurophy...
Virtual Machine Provisioning for Applications with Multiple Deadlines in Resource-Constrained Clouds

Recently, several studies have considered applications with a single time constraint (i.e., deadline) running on cloud systems. In this work, to effectively support user requests with flexible timing constraints (e.g., users may prefer expedited services and are willing to pay extra for getting their job processed at earlier times), we consider applications with multiple deadlines for being processed in resource-constrained cloud systems and investigate corresponding virtual machine (VM) provisioning schemes. Specifically, by considering the multiple deadline-bid pairs of user requests, we propose a Slope-based Time-Sensitive Resource Factor with Dominant Resource being considered to prioritize such requests. In addition, we study the mapping schemes that allocate multiple VMs of a user request to only one or multiple computing nodes, which are denoted as Bundled and Distributed mappings, respectively. The evaluation results show that, compared to the single deadline schemes, the proposed VM provisioning schemes that consider multiple deadlines and distributed mapping can significantly improve the achieved system benefit and resource utilization.
Numerical Solutions for Beams on Elastic Foundations

Two methods considered; first, based on N.M.NEWMARK Method, is step by step integration process; second, using finite difference equations, obtains solution by means of set of simultaneous equations; examples are solved, and comparisons made between results obtained using various approximate as well as rigorous methods.
Rehabilitation of the Rheumatoid Hand

Care of the hand with rheumatoid arthritis requires a team approach with continued input from the rheumatologist, physiatrist, hand surgeon, and hand therapist. A problem- oriented approach is presented to guide the physician through the varied and complex deformities that may occur. Serial examinations are necessary to monitor the constantly changing process of the advancing disease. Prompt treatment of individual problems and accurate prediction of ensuing problems can help prevent future deformity and disability.
Familial incidence of intervertebral disc herniation: an hypothesis suggesting that laminectomy and discectomy may be counterproductive.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine (1) if familial and genetic factors play a role in the genesis of disc herniation, (2) the incidence of multiple disc herniations, (3) the incidence of disc reherni...
THE INFLUENCE OF FATTY ACIDS AND MEMBRANE LIPIDS ON THE SPIN STATE OF PURIFIED CYTOCHROME P450

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the influence of fatty acids and membrane lipids on the spin state of purified cytochrome P-450. Cytochrome P-450 contains a significant amount of high-spin component in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, but when the hemoprotein is removed from the membrane by detergents and subsequently purified, cytochrome P-450 exists predominantly in the low-spin configuration. In this study, unsaturated fatty acids are shown to be responsible for most of the high-spin P-450 in the microsomal membrane. The findings suggest that cytochrome P-450 exists predominantly in the high-spin configuration in the membrane of the hepatic endoplasmic reticulum in contrast to the soluble, partially-purified form of the hemoprotein, which exists mainly in the low-spin form. The results show that microsomal lipids and oleic acid in particular are at least partially responsible for the maintenance of the high-spin configuration in the membrane as verified by the influence of both microsomal lipid extracts and authentic, exogenous oleic acid on the spin state of the hemoprotein.
HIGH-FREQUENCY ELASTODYNAMIC BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION INVERSION USING ASYMPTOTIC PHASE INFORMATION

Ultrasonic transmission and scattering in the high frequency regime are important problems in ultrasonic NDE, relating to both scattering from large flaws, and the transmission behavior of an ultrasonic beam in a complex geometry component. Ultrasonic modeling efforts are often confronted with problems for which asymptotic methods such as geometrical diffraction theory (GTD) prove inadequate due to insufficiently high frequency or lack of an appropriate canonical solution, but which are too high in frequency (too large in ka) for conventional numerical methods such as boundary element methods (BEM). The inefficiency of BEM at high frequency arises from the need to represent a rapidly oscillating wavefield, resulting in a fine BEM mesh. It is observed in this paper that if the phase characteristics of the wavefield are known a priori, the spatial frequency bandwidth of the unknowns to be determined via numerical methods can be significantly reduced, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of basis functions (boundary elements) required for solution. It is fortunate that GTD generally yields good asymptotic phase information with few complications: it is in the determination of field amplitudes where GTD most often runs into difficulties, such as with singularities in the transport equations (caustics), and the determination of diffraction coefficients. A solution method described here which transforms the boundary integral equation (BIE) using an ansatz similar to that of GTD, in which the field phase is prescribed a priori via GTD analysis, and field amplitudes are determined via a BEM-type numerical scheme. An example of application to critical angle beam transmission at a curved fluid-solid interface is presented.
Polarization rotation in Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 by isovalent doping at the fluorite sublattice

Bismuth titanate, ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{4}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ (BiT), is a complex layered ferroelectric material that is composed of three perovskitelike units and one fluoritelike unit stacked alternatively along the transverse direction. The ground-state crystal structure is monoclinic with the spontaneous polarization ($\ensuremath{\sim}50\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) along the plane. BiT typically grows along the $c$ direction in thin-film form, and having the polarization vector aligned with the growth orientation can be beneficial for several potential device applications. It is well known that judicious doping of ferroelectrics is an effective method in adjusting the magnitude and the orientation of the spontaneous polarization. Here, we show using first-principles density-functional theory and a detailed phonon analysis that Bi atoms in the fluoritelike layers have significantly more impact on the magnitude and orientation of the spontaneous polarization vector as compared to the perovskitelike layer. The low-energy hard-phonon modes are characterized by fluoritelike layers experiencing transverse displacements and large changes in Born effective charges on Bi atoms. Thus, the breaking of symmetry caused by doping of Bi sites within the fluoritelike layer leads to the formation of uncancelled permanent dipole moments along the transverse direction. This provides an opportunity for doping the Bi site in the fluoritelike layer. Isovalent dopants P, As, and Sb were studied. P is found to be most effective in the reorientation of the spontaneous polarization. It leads to a threefold enhancement of the out-of-plane component of polarization and to a commensurate rotation of the spontaneous polarization vector by 36.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} towards the transverse direction.
Inferring bad entities through the panama papers network

The Panama Papers represent a large set of relationships between people, companies, and organizations that had affairs with the Panamanian offshore law firm Mossack Fonseca, often due to money laundering. In this paper, we address for the first time the problem of searching the Panama Papers for people and companies that may be involved in illegal acts. We use a collection of international blacklists of sanctioned people and organizations as ground truth for bad entities. We propose a new ranking algorithm, named Suspiciousness Rank Back and Forth (SRBF), that leverages this ground truth to assign a degree of suspiciousness to each entity in the Panama Papers. We experimentally show that our algorithm achieves an AUROC of 0.85 and an Area Under the Recall Curve of 0.87 and outperforms existing techniques.
On the Negatively Correlated Eavesdropper in Indoor Wireless Body Area Networks

Wireless Physical Layer Security (WPLS) provides attractive lightweight data security methods suitable for resource constrained Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). As WPLS methods entirely rely on wireless transmission, they are prone to eavesdropping. Most previous work assume that the eavesdropper’s channel is independent if it is more than half a wavelength away from the legitimate participants. In this paper, we demonstrate that due to unique properties of WBANs, this assumption does not hold. In particular, the body shadowing phenomenon gives rise to negative correlation that can be easily exploited by the eavesdropper without being anywhere near the legitimate parties.
Educating the Next Gen TMD Surgeons

Where are we going in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) with the education of our residents in the proper protocol and techniques for temporomandibular joint surgery? Do all programs have the bandwidth to teach the surgical correction of temporomandibular joint diseases, pathology, and trauma using minimally invasive surgery, microscopic surgery, and arthroscopic surgery? With mandatory reduced hours for teaching but increased knowledge and education demands on our OMS residents, how can this be beneficial to teach such complicated techniques? Where do we stand with predicting success and even diagnosis of these disease entities? Do we teach them in training programs? The answers to these questions thus form the basis for this chapter and on the future of training in OMS residency programs of TMJ disorders and surgical treatment via arthroscopic surgery.
AN EXPERIMENTAL FACTORIAL DESIGN FOR ASR MITIGATION WITH FLY ASH

Use of fly ash by percent replacement of cement by weight is considered as one of the most economical and effective method for mitigating Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) related distress in the concrete. Fly ash reduces the pore solution alkalinity through increasing the alkali binding capacity of the cement hydrates and through pozzolanic reaction. However, Fly ash is proven to be somewhat variable in its effectiveness on inhibiting alkali-silica reactivity, principally because its composition depends on the coal properties from which it is derived. Typically Class C fly ashes are not as efficient as Class F ashes due to their higher calcium oxide content. Also, it is not established if the dosage of fly ash is more influential than type of fly ash and vice versa. Therefore, in the field, for a certain job mixture, the prediction of mitigation effect of a certain type and dosage of fly ash is difficult. This research aims to correctly predict the effectiveness of fly ash mitigation, to find out the most influential factor and interaction effects between factors. A statistical model, of two-level design with 3 factors, was developed based on three main factors: fly ash lime content, dosage and soak solution alkalinity. The statistical model was verified with additional experimental results with random fly ash-lime content and different dosages; which matched very well with the model predictions. Therefore, such model(s) could be applied in practice with the availability of larger database. Also, another finding of this research is that, the lime content of the fly ash is the most significant factor followed by the dosage level.
Clinical Predictors of Depression in Patients with Low-Grade Brain Tumors: Consideration of a Neurologic Versus a Psychogenic Model

Few studies have examined quality of life issues in patients with brain tumors, though coping with cancer is stressful and is associated with heightened levels of depression. We used regression to examine the clinical factors that might predict depression in a group of 57 adults with low-grade brain tumors after surgery but prior to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A neurological model comprised of tumor characteristics and treatment was compared with a psychogenic model comprised of both psychosocial and psychodynamic variables. Demographic variables and level of fatigue were also included. A model consisting primarily of fatigue (also clinically elevated) and secondarily of tumor location and aggressiveness of surgical treatment accounted for 33% of the depression score. In a small group at a later follow-up when patient depression was clinically elevated (4–6 years after baseline), fatigue, female sex, cognitive dysfunction, increased family support, and increased report of physical symptoms were associated with depression. The late out findings remain exploratory because of the small sample size, but they suggest that depression develops over time and results from a combination of neurological and psychosocial problems that ensue initial treatments. Treating these collateral problems may reduce the complications from depression.
The ownership and control of online photos and game data: Patterns, trends, and keeping pace with evolving circumstances

Using a series of media type-specific studies, we have identified social norms associated with the ownership and control of user-contributed content and data stored in online collections. These norms constrain everyday reuse of this material, as well as prefiguring public reactions to institutional archiving efforts. In this paper, we describe two studies, one of photos and the other of multiplayer games, originally run in 2010 and 2013 respectively, that we reran in 2018 to establish whether specific norms are stable or evolving. Analysis of data from 455 new participants, 235 collected via the photo study and 220 via the games study, revealed that many previous results are stable, but there are important changes too that seem to stem from increased online experience, as well as additional experience with the media type in question. Overall, the barriers to institutional archiving of collections of user-contributed online material seem to be diminishing over time. At the same time, participants exhibit a greater sensitivity to privacy issues---along with some privacy fatigue (which has resulted in a looser grasp on ownership)---and more sophisticated reasoning about potential reuse situations, both benign and malicious.
Trends in Public Support for Welfare Spending: How the Economy Matters

As spending on welfare in the United States has increased over time, preferences for more spending have remained fairly stationary. Given that previous research shows that the public adjusts its welfare spending preference thermostatically in response to welfare spending, the over-time pattern of preferences implies that something must be producing an increase in public support, but what? We address this question, focusing on individuals' demographics and a set of aggregate economic variables, both macroeconomic and distributional. Results reveal that individual-level factors matter little to the temporal variation and aggregate economics matter a lot: there are pro-cyclical and counter-cyclical elements in spending preferences and a dampening effect of income inequality over time. The combination of these variables accounts for the underlying trend in welfare spending preferences in the US, and the method used to reveal these dynamics can be used to analyze preference evolution in other spending domains and countries.
Using Bi‐Weekly Surveys to Portray Adolescent Partnership Dynamics: Lessons From a Mobile Diary Study

Partnership formation is an important developmental task for adolescents, but cross-sectional and periodic longitudinal studies have lacked the measurement precision to portray partnership stability and flux and to capture the range of adolescent partnership experiences. This article assesses the promises and challenges of using bi-weekly mobile diaries administered over the course of a year to study adolescent partnership dynamics. Descriptive findings illustrate the potential of bi-weekly diaries for both capturing the longitudinal complexity and fluidity of adolescent partnerships as well as for reducing retrospection biases. Results also underscore several challenges, including those posed by missing data, and highlight several strategies for maximizing participant engagement and reliably tracing adolescent partnerships.
Exploring kelp forest soundscapes using ad hoc frequency-based metrics

The kelp forests off the southern California coast are alive with sound, yet their soundscapes remain poorly studied. The kelp forest soundscapes of two sites off La Jolla, CA were surveyed: one within a marine protected area, the other outside of the protected area. Four frequency-based metrics were created to explore how the sounds of the kelp forest vary throughout the day and through the seasons. Two of the metrics tracked frequencies associated with putative fish choruses (60–130 Hz and 300–500 Hz), one metric tracked the long-duration humming of plainfin midshipmen (tonal calls with a fundamental frequency at 85–95 Hz, and harmonics at 175–185 and 265–275 Hz), and the final metric tracked snapping shrimp snaps (2.5–7.5 kHz). The two metrics that tracked the fish choruses exhibited both diel and seasonal periodicity, with strong spectral peaks in the late spring and early summer coinciding with the presence of the choruses. Similar to these two metrics, the metric that tracked the humming of the midshipmen exhibited nightly spectral peaks in the late spring and early summer during their spawning season. The metric that tracked snapping shrimp exhibited strong spectral peaks during dawn and dusk hours yet had little seasonal variability.The kelp forests off the southern California coast are alive with sound, yet their soundscapes remain poorly studied. The kelp forest soundscapes of two sites off La Jolla, CA were surveyed: one within a marine protected area, the other outside of the protected area. Four frequency-based metrics were created to explore how the sounds of the kelp forest vary throughout the day and through the seasons. Two of the metrics tracked frequencies associated with putative fish choruses (60–130 Hz and 300–500 Hz), one metric tracked the long-duration humming of plainfin midshipmen (tonal calls with a fundamental frequency at 85–95 Hz, and harmonics at 175–185 and 265–275 Hz), and the final metric tracked snapping shrimp snaps (2.5–7.5 kHz). The two metrics that tracked the fish choruses exhibited both diel and seasonal periodicity, with strong spectral peaks in the late spring and early summer coinciding with the presence of the choruses. Similar to these two metrics, the metric that tracked the humming of the mids...
The relationship between community mobility, health status, and Quality of Life (QOL) in older adults

Date Presented 04/04/19 This study seeks to advance practice by articulating the importance of community-based occupational participation (CMP) on health and well-being. The study was designed in direct response to AOTA's call for research, articulating community mobility's impact on health and QOL. Primary Author and Speaker: Claire Mulry Additional Authors and Speakers: Giselle Rivera, Kristopher Musini, Alex Rankin, Marissa Astorini
Hold the Salt: History of Salt Restriction as a First-line Therapy for Menière's Disease.

Objectives To determine the historical origins of the usage of the salt restriction diet as an intervention for Meniere's disease (MD). Methods Articles on MD and salt restriction were identified using Pubmed and Google scholar. Original manuscripts from 19th and 20th century as well as selected otological textbooks in English, German, and French were also reviewed. Results The oldest recommendation of salt restriction in the literature was by Dederding (1889-1955) in 1929. She and her mentor, Sydney Holger Mygind (1884-1970), believed MD was caused by dysfunctional water metabolism. In several published manuscripts, they proposed that a reduced salt and fluid diet was an effective treatment for MD. Their contemporaries supported their findings, most notably, Albert C. Furstenberg (1890-1969) who suggested salt restriction alone as treatment for MD. Furstenberg, in his initial study implementing salt restriction in 15 patients with MD and then in a larger study with 150 patients, was the first to produce results that supported salt restriction as therapy for MD. It was not until 1980, when LB Jongkees first published his criticism of this treatment, that salt restriction was questioned. Since then, numerous published articles have been critical of salt restriction therapy and skeptical of its initial adoption into clinical practice. Conclusions Since Dederding's and Mygind's publications in 1929 and Furstenberg's trial in 1934, the salt restriction diet has remained a primary first-line treatment for MD. Since the 1950s, various publications have both supported and argued this treatment, and the evidence of its validity remains inconclusive.
Meeting EAT-Lancet Food Consumption, Nutritional, and Environmental Health Standards: A U.S. Case Study across Racial and Ethnic Subgroups.

In 2019, The EAT-Lancet Commission developed criteria to assist policymakers and health care systems worldwide in sustaining natural resources to feed a forecasted 10 billion people through the yea...
Dynamics of almost strong edge modes in spin chains away from integrability

Results are presented for the dynamics of an almost strong edge mode which is the quasistable Majorana edge mode occurring in nonintegrable spin chains. The dynamics of the edge mode is studied using exact diagonalization, and compared with time evolution with respect to an effective semi-infinite model in Krylov space obtained from the recursion method. The effective Krylov Hamiltonian is found to resemble a spatially inhomogeneous Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model where the hopping amplitude increases linearly with distance into the bulk, typical of thermalizing systems, but also has a staggered or dimerized structure superimposed on it. The nonperturbatively long lifetime of the edge mode is shown to be due to this staggered structure which diminishes the effectiveness of the linearly growing hopping amplitude. On taking the continuum limit of the Krylov Hamiltonian, the edge mode is found to be equivalent to the quasistable mode of a Dirac Hamiltonian on a half line, with a mass which is nonzero over a finite distance, before terminating into a gapless metallic bulk. The analytic estimates are found to be in good agreement with the numerically obtained lifetimes of the edge mode.
Impact of “non-lethal” tarsal clipping on bumble bees (Bombus vosnesenskii) may depend on queen stage and worker size

Recent bumble bee declines have prompted the development of novel population monitoring tools, including the use of putatively non-lethal tarsal clipping to obtain genetic material. However, the potential side effects of tarsal clipping have only been tested in the worker caste of a single domesticated species, prompting the need to more broadly test whether tarsal clipping negatively affects sampled individuals. To determine if tarsal clipping reduces queen survivorship and colony establishment, we collected wild queens of Bombus vosnesenskii and clipped tarsi from a single leg of half the individuals. We reared captive queens and estimated survivorship and nest establishment success. We also clipped tarsi of workers from a subset of colonies across a range of body sizes. We found no consistent negative effect of clipping on queen survival. In the first year, clipped nest-searching queens suffered heavy mortality, but there was no effect on foraging queens. The following year, we found no effect of clipping on queen survival or establishment. Clipping did not reduce overall worker survival but reduced survivorship for those in the smallest size quartile. Our findings suggest tarsal clipping does not have consistent negative effects on individual survival. However, our results varied with queen behavioral state, year, and worker size, suggesting differences within and among species and interactions with landscape stressors warrant further study. In the interim, we recommend researchers and conservationists minimize the use of tarsal clipping for sensitive species, populations, or small workers except in cases of exceptional scientific need.
Unfree markets: The slaves’ economy and the rise of capitalism in South Carolina

Scottish political economist Adam Smith argued that, in slaveholding republics whose legislators were enslavers, any laws regulating the enslaved would be designed ‘to strengthen the authority of t...
Explicit Formulae Showing the Effects of Texture on Acoustoelastic Coefficients

It is well known that crystallographic texture not only modifies the elastic constants of polycrystalline aggregates at (unstressed) natural states but also affects their acoustoelastic coefficients when the aggregates are stressed. While exact knowledge about the effects of texture on acoustoelastic coefficients has hitherto remained wanting, such effects are usually assumed to be negligible and are ignored in practical applications of acoustoelasticity (cf. [1] for example). Concerning this common practice, Thompson et al. [2] have urged caution: Care must be taken when [this] assumption is made since the influence of texture on acoustoelastic constants is stronger than its influence on elastic moduli or velocities.
Just Practice: Steps Toward a New Social Work Paradigm

The 21st-century challenges to social justice, human rights, and citizenship posed by transnational capital, growing global inequality and social exclusion, and multiple forms of violence confront the limits of the social work imagination and call for creative and critical interventions that focus on social justice. In this article we contend that the dominant theoretical approaches to social work practice are inadequate, and we consider the possibilities and limitations of alternative approaches informed by critical social theory. We argue for the Just Practice Framework, a social justice-oriented approach to social work, as a corrective to current models.
LTLC: Linear Temporal Logic for Control

Linear systems are one of the most commonly used models to represent physical systems. Yet, only few automated tools have been developed to check their behaviors over time. In this paper, we propose a linear temporal logic for specifying complex properties of discrete time linear systems. The proposed logic can also be used in a control system to generate control input in the process of model checking. Although, developing a full feedback control system is beyond the scope of this paper, authors believe that a feedback loop can be easily introduced by adopting the receding horizon scheme of predictive controllers. In this paper we explain the syntax, the semantics, a model checking algorithm, and an example application of our proposed logic.
Taxes, financial decisions and organizational form: Evidence from publicly traded partnerships

Abstract Publicly Traded Partnerships (PTPs), also known as Master Limited Partnerships, are similar to U.S. corporations, yet they are not subject to corporate taxes. Given their mixture of corporate and partnership characteristics, PTPs provide an experiment for studying taxation and firm financial decisions. This paper compares the financial structure and dividend policies of PTPs and corporations in the oil and gas exploration industry. The results are consistent with hypotheses about taxes and financial decisions: controlling for other factors, PTPs pay more dividends and borrow less than similar corporations.
Circuit implementation of a trainable neural network using the generalized Hebbian algorithm with supervised techniques

An efficient hardware implementation of a training algorithm is presented, combining both supervised and unsupervised techniques. In VLSI circuits effects including random offsets and mismatch, system distortion, frequency response, and temperature deviations perturb the system outputs. Analysis of the generalized Hebbian algorithm (GHA) shows that these small deviations result in small perturbations of the output statistics and the weight matrix. Also, the conjugate-gradient optimization algorithm is formulated in continuous-time. Both the GHA and the optimization system can be efficiently implemented on a mesh of synapses. The low distortion and high bandwidth (>100 MHz) for the matrix operations and a high-performance analog memory indicate high performance for the GHA. From the mathematical theory, the error of the output statistics is less than 1%. >
The microelectronic chemical toolbox

Abstract In their search for smaller telecommunication devices, integrated circuit components, electronic counter measure warfare systems, and various computer components, the electrical engineer has created a plethora of new tools that the analytical chemist can find useful as analytical sensors. Surface acoustic wave sensors are ideal for vapor detection and polymer testing, poly(vinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric and pyroelectric films create a new class of biosensors, and magnetostrictive materials are useful photoacoustic detectors. Fibre-optic waveguides serve as thermal sensors in biological and catalytic environments, and it is interesting to consider their physical and electronic configuration for intrinsic optical sensor applications. Light sensitive linear silicon photodiode arrays allow construction of a Fourier transform spectrometer in which the output of a Michelson interferometer is dispersed across the array. Finally, microcomputers and digital and analog signal processing chips offer ways to compress the resulting data by Fourier and Hadamard transform techniques. The purpose of this lecture is to explore the vocabulary and phenomenology of the area.
Failure of brief ischemic episodes to protect against myocardial dysfunction caused by ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.

Abstract Brief periods of ischemia have been suggested to protect against myocardial injury caused by a subsequent episode of prolonged ischemia and reperfusion. However, the protective effects of brief ischemic periods against myocardial dysfunction after prolonged myocardial ischemia are controversial. To examine whether the protective effects of brief ischemic episodes relate to the extent of prior ischemic events, isolated rat hearts were subjected to either no preischemia (group A); one 5-minute episode of preischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion (group B); or two 1-minute episodes of ischemia, each followed by 5 minutes of reperfusion (group C). All hearts were then subjected to 15 minutes of total ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion. In group A, after 10 min of reperfusion coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was 31% ± 10% (mean ± SEM) higher than the control value, peak force of cardiac contraction (FCC) was 64% ± 5% lower, and heart rate was 18% ± 3% lower. In group B, CPP increased 26% ± 6%, FCC fell 58% ± 7%, and heart rate decreased 22% ± 8% (group B vs group A, P value not significant) after ischemia and reperfusion. In group C, CPP increased 23% ± 7%, FCC decreased 57% ± 8%, and heart rate fell 8% ± 4% on reperfusion (group C vs groups A and B, P value not significant). Creatine kinase (CK) was measured in the hearts from different groups and was found to be similar. Release of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolites hypoxanthine, inosine, and adenosine was also not different in the coronary effluents of the three groups of hearts. To determine whether brief ischemic periods would protect hearts subjected to a longer period of subsequent ischemia, additional groups of hearts were subjected to 25 minutes of ischemia and 20 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial dysfunction after prolonged period of ischemia and reperfusion was also not affected by prior brief ischemic periods. Thus brief ischemic episodes of varying duration and frequency do not appear to protect against subsequent functional deterioration, CK loss, or release of ATP metabolites after prolonged ischemia (15 or 25 minutes) and reperfusion in the isolated rat heart.
Addressing carbon Offsetters’ Paradox: Lessons from Chinese wind CDM

The clean development mechanism (CDM) has been a leading international carbon market and a driving force for sustainable development. But the eruption of controversy over offsets from Chinese wind power in 2009 exposed cracks at the core of how carbon credits are verified in the developing economies. The Chinese wind controversy therefore has direct implications for the design and negotiation of any successor to the Kyoto Protocol or future market-based carbon regimes. In order for carbon markets to avoid controversy and function effectively, the lessons from the Chinese wind controversy should be used to implement key reforms in current and future carbon policy design. The paper examines the application of additionality in the Chinese wind power market and draws implications for the design of effective global carbon offset policy. It demonstrates the causes of the wind power controversy, highlights underlying structural flaws, in how additionality is applied in China, the Offsetters' Paradox, and charts a reform path that can strengthen the credibility of global carbon markets.
Drug Use in a Small Midwestern Community and Relationships to Selected Characteristics

A description of 1074 high school students' alcohol and other drug (AOD) use along with the consequences of such use was supplemented with comparisons of grade level and gender differences and analyses of the relationships between AOD use and incidence of adverse consequences with grade point average, attendance at religious services, frequency of dating, frequency of driving a car and frequency of having trouble at school. Alcohol was clearly the drug of choice and produced a variety of adverse consequences. Most frequently reported were arguments, trouble with parents and at school and nausea or vomiting. Grade level differences were found, but few significant gender differences emerged. Significant relationships between AOD use and consequences with all other independent variables were found.
Thermal-Aware Scheduling of Critical Applications Using Job Migration and Power-Gating on Multi-core Chips

Multi-core System-on-Chip (SoC) has become a popular execution platform for many embedded real-time systems. As CMOS transistors continue to shrink down to the nanoscale regime, it becomes more susceptible to various reliability threats mainly due to thermal hotspots. To improve the reliability of embedded real-time systems, dynamic thermal management (DTM) is required for mission/safety-critical applications running on a multi-core chip to avoid possible thermal hazards while meeting the applications' timing constraints. In this paper, we propose an efficient runtime thermal-aware scheduler (TAS) using job-migration and power-gating techniques to avoid the thermal hotspots on a multi-core chip. Before runtime, the TAS distributes the periodic real-time tasks to cores using the tasks' execution profiles to balance the utilization of functional units on the chip. At runtime, the TAS periodically monitors the core temperatures and triggers one of the following pre-defined thermal management schemes depending on the level of the measured core temperature: (i) migrating jobs running on hot cores to other cooler cores to reduce the workloads on the hot cores, or (ii) turning off hot cores for a certain period of time to cool them down. All tasks' timing constraints are guaranteed during the job migrations and powering cores on/off. Our in-depth evaluation has shown that the proposed TAS can effectively minimize the thermal hotspots on a multi-core chip without violating any application timing constraint.
The Jovian aurora: Electron or ion precipitation?

High signal-to-noise spectra of the Jovian aurora at UV wavelengths obtained using the International Ultraviolet Explorer Observatory (including the brightest Jovian aurora observed to date) are used to study the existence of sulfur and oxygen emissions which would be associated with the precipitation of energetic heavy ions in the upper Jovian atmosphere. Model calculations of heavy ion precipitation and corresponding estimates of the associated sulfur and oxygen UV emissions carried out in the preceding companion paper of Horanyi et al. suggest emission values for 1,304-{angstrom} O I emission that are at least 50 times larger than the upper limit values set by the IUE observations reported here. On the other hand a possible emission feature of S II at 1,256 {angstrom} is comparable to the theoretically predicted emission intensity. Earlier X ray observations and in situ plasma observations have indicated the existence of energetic heavy ion precipitation in the Jovian auroral zone. Based on the IUE observations reported here, the authors suggest a scenario where heavy ion auroral energy deposition is concentrated at altitudes below the homopause (i.e. > 300 keV/nucleon) and electrons with energies of 10 to 30 keV are responsible for the bulk of the observable UV andmore » EUV emissions since they deposit their energy above the methane-absorbing layer defined by the homopause.« less
Closed loop performance management for service delivery systems

IT service delivery becomes an increasingly challenging business as customers demand improved quality of service while providers are driven to reduce the cost of delivery. While effective service delivery requires advances in many areas including workload management and workforce optimization, in this paper we focus on service request dispatching decision-making. Specifically, we propose a closed loop performance management solution that leverages feedback controllers to dynamically adjust the priority of service requests considering both (static) contractual service attainment targets and (dynamic) attainment levels achieved. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach in a simulation testbed that models a large IT service delivery environment, and compare its performance with two open loop dispatching policies.
Approximation properties of the Generalized Finite Element Method

In this paper, we have obtained an approximation result in the Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) that reflects the global approximation property of the Partition of Unity (PU) as well as the approximability of the local approximation spaces. We have considered a GFEM, where the underlying PU functions reproduce polynomials of degree l. With the space of polynomials of degree k serving as the local approximation spaces of the GFEM, we have shown, in particular, that the energy norm of the GFEM approximation error of a smooth function is O(h l?+?k ). This result cannot be obtained from the classical approximation result of GFEM, which does not reflect the global approximation property of the PU.
A type-B Tamari poset

Let ΓnA denote the abstract simplicial complex whose elements are dissections of a convex (n + 2)-gon. Lee proved that ΓnA is the boundary complex of a convex polytope, now known as the associahedron. Simion constructed a type-B associahedron whose faces correspond to centrally symmetric dissections of a (2n + 2)-gon. In this paper, we define a partial order on the set of centrally symmetric triangulations whose Hasse diagram is the 1-skeleton of the simple B-associahedron and explore properties of this poset, including encodings, self-duality, and chain length. We also establish lattice failure and goodness.
Alligator attack: an illustration of the impact of early clinical exposure.

UNLABELLED CONTEXT AND PROCESS: The authors recount the importance of mentoring during medical education. A personal narrative of clinical exposure as a University of South Florida (USF) student at Tampa General Hospital illustrates the unparalleled value of unique clinical situations such as the emergency care of a patient following an alligator attack. The benefits of early clinical experience and integrated medical education to be obtained through a mentor relationship are explored. CONCLUSION The clinical exposure of medical students is central to their development as clinicians.