cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3The Effect of Abrupt Lengthening of the Photoperiod on the Onset of Ovulation in Gonadotrophin-Treated Immature Rats

Immature female rats exposed daily to a-14 h photoperiod were induced to ovulate precociously by administering pregnant mares’ serum gonadotrophin (PMS) at 30 days of age (day 30). In these rats ovulation occurs on day 33 between 0130 and 0330 (midpoint of photoperiod = 1200). The acute effect on the timing of ovulation of abruptly lengthening the photoperiod by 6 h was investigated in this preparation. When compared with controls kept on a 14-h photoperiod, adding 6 h of light to the beginning of the daily photoperiod (i.e., AM light) advanced ovulation by 2 h; adding 6 h of light to the end of the photoperiod (i.e., PM light) delayed ovulation by 5.5 h; adding 3 h of light to the beginning and to the end of the photoperiod delayed ovulation by 2 h. These results suggest that the time of release of an ovulatory quota of pituitary gonadotrophin may be advanced by exposure to AM light and delayed by exposure to PM light, but the PM light appears to have a stronger effect on the time of gonadotrophin secret...
Divisibility structure and finitely generated ideals in the disc algebra

The main purpose of this paper is the following algebraic generalization of the corona theorem for the disc algebra\(A(\bar D)\): Ifd is a greatest common divisor of the functions\(f_1 ,...,f_n \in A(\bar D)\), then there exist functions\(g_1 ,...,g_n \in A(\bar D)\) withd=f1g1+...+fngn. This generalization is false for many algebras of holomorphic functions, e. g. in case of the Banach algebraH∞. Under the assumption that a greatest common divisord exists, also a description ofd is given.
Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry in continental tectonics

Abstract Reconstructing the thermal history of minerals and fluids in continental environments is a cornerstone of tectonics research. Paleotemperature constraints from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry have provided important tests of geodynamic, structural, topographic and basin evolution models. The thermometer is based on the 13C–18O bond ordering in carbonates (mass-47 anomaly, Δ47) and provides estimates of the carbonate formation temperature independent of the δ18O value of the water from which the carbonate grew; Δ47 is measured simultaneously with conventional measurements of carbonate δ13C and δ18O values, which together constrain the isotopic composition of the parent water. Depending on the geologic setting of carbonate growth, this information can help constrain paleoenvironmental conditions or basin temperatures and fluid sources. This review examines how clumped isotope thermometry can shed new light on problems in continental tectonics, focusing on paleoaltimetry, basin evolution and structural diagenesis applications. Paleoaltimetry is inherently difficult, and the precision in carbonate growth temperature estimates is at the limit of what is useful for quantitative paleoelevation reconstruction. Nevertheless, clumped isotope analyses have enabled workers to address previously intractable problems and in many settings offer the best chance of understanding topographic change from the geologic record. The portion of the shallow crust residing at temperatures up to ca. 200 °C is important as host to economic resources and records of tectonics and climate, and clumped isotope thermometry is one of the few proxies that can access this critical range with sensitivity to temperature alone. Only a handful of studies to date have used clumped isotopes to investigate diagenesis and other sub-surface processes using carbonate crystallization temperatures or the sensitivity of Δ47 values to a sample's thermal history. However, the thermometer is sufficiently precise to answer many important questions in this area, making the investigation of sub-surface processes an excellent target for future investigations.
Death preparedness: a concept analysis

Aim To report analysis of the concept death preparedness in the context of end-of-life shared decisions and communication. Background Forty percent of older people require decision-making and communication in the final days of life. Elaborate defence mechanisms have yielded a public consciousness that no longer passively views death acceptance, but instead has a defensive orientation of preparedness. The term ‘death preparedness’ depicts this death attitude. Design Concept analysis. Data sources Data were collected over 3 months in 2013. A series of searches of scholarly peer-reviewed literature published in English were conducted of multiple databases. Specific keywords included such phrases as: death acceptance, death avoidance, death rejection, death preparedness, resolution of life, breaking bad news and readiness to die. Methods Walker and Avant's method was chosen as a deductive method to distinguish between the defining attributes of death preparedness and its relevant attributes. Results Death preparedness involves a transition of facilitated communication with a healthcare provider that leads to awareness and/or acceptance of end of life, as evidenced by an implementation of a plan. An appraisal of attitudes towards death and one's mortality precedes the concept, followed by an improved quality of death and dignity at end of life. Conclusion The concept of death preparedness in the process of dying should be the focus of research to explore areas to improve advanced directive planning and acceptance of palliation for chronic health conditions.
Fabrication Techniques for Reverse Electrode Coaxial Germanium Nuclear Radiation Detectors

Germanium detectors with reverse polarity coaxial electrodes have been shown to exhibit improved resistance to radiation damage as compared with conventional electrode devices. However, the production of reverse electrode devices involves the development of new handling and fabrication techniques which has limited their wider application. We have developed novel techniques which lead to a device which is simple to fabricate, environmentally passivated and surface state adjusted. 1) n+ Contact. The n+ contact in the central hole in the crystal is formed by lithium, electroplated from a LiNO3-KNO3 eutectic molten salt bath held at the diffusion temperature. The outside surface of the crystal is protected during electrolysis by teflon pipe tape. Electrolysis has proven to be fast and convenient and it provides a rugged surface for handling during further processing. 2) p+ Contact. The p+ contact on the outer surface of the crystal is formed by boron ion implantation. The crystal is held by a shaft through the central hole and implanted with 1015cm-2, 25 KeV boron ions. No post-implant anneal is needed. 3) Passivation and Surface State Adjustment. The open ends of the coaxial detector have their surfaces passivated and the surface states adjusted to flatband condition by sputtering germanium in an argonhydrogen mixture. A special sputtering fixture is described for conveniently mounting the detector during sputtering. Due to the combination of thin external contacts and interelectrode surface state adjustment, the detector has complete charge collection over nearly 100% of the original crystal volume.
Hypoglycemic activity and chemical structure of the salicylates.

The results obtained in a study undertaken to clarify both the structural requirements of salicylate hypoglycemic activity in the hope of diminishing the unpredictability associated with it and the mechanism of such activity are presented in an effort to shed further light on the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Results of the structure studies point to the carboxyl group as being essential to the salicylate hypoglycemic activity, the hydroxyl radical in the ortho position as being beneficial but not imperative with respect to this activity. Results of the action mechanism studies involve suppression of the release of fatty acids from adipose tissues in salicylate hypoglycemic activity.
ARD-1 cDNA from human cells encodes a site-specific single-strand endoribonuclease that functionally resembles Escherichia coli RNase E.

Abstract The human ARD-1 (activator of RNA decay) cDNA sequence can rescue mutations in the Escherichia coli rne gene, which specifies the essential endoribonuclease RNase E, resulting in RNase E-like cleavages in vivo inrne-defective bacteria and in vitro in extracts isolated from these cells (Wang, M., and Cohen, S. N. (1994)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 10591–10595). Recent studies indicate that the 13.3-kDa protein encoded by ARD-1cDNA is almost identical to the carboxyl-terminal end of the bovine protein NIPP-1, a nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1; separate transcripts formed by alternative splicing are proposed to encode the discrete ARD-1 and combined ARD-1/NIPP-1 products (Van Eynde, A., Wera, S., Beullens, M., Torrekens, S., Van Leuven, F., Stalmans, W., and Bollens, M. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 28068–28074). Here we show that affinity column-purified protein encoded by humanARD-1 cDNA in E. coli is a site-specific Mg2+-dependent endoribonuclease that bindsin vitro to RNase E substrates, cleaves RNA at the same sites as RNase E, and, like RNase E, generates 5′ phosphate termini at sites of cleavage. Our results indicate that the ARD-1 peptide can function as a ribonucleolytic analog of E. coli RNase E as well as a domain of the protein phosphatase inhibitor, NIPP-1.
Characterization of Asphalt Concrete Layer Interfaces

A new constitutive model for the asphalt concrete layer interface is proposed. Direct shear tests at four levels of normal load and three temperatures were performed on two types of asphalt concrete layer interface: with and without a tack coat. The shear stress-displacement curves determined in these tests were used to derive the constitutive model, as the tangential and normal stresses at the interface are decoupled. In the proposed model, the shear stress and displacement are proportional until the shear stress equals the shear strength and the interface fails. After failure, a friction model may be used to represent the interface condition. Three parameters were considered to completely describe the interface behavior: the interface reaction modulus K, which is the slope of the shear stress-displacement curve; the shear strength Smax; and the friction coefficient after failure μ. For the interface with a tack coat, K and Smax are not affected by the normal stress level, but they are affected for the i...
Fecal starch as an indicator of total-tract starch digestibility by lactating dairy cows

To test whether total-tract starch digestibility by lactating dairy cattle could be predicted accurately from concentration of starch in fecal dry matter (FS), data from 8 digestibility trials, 30 diets, and 564 individual starch measurements were compiled from trials conducted at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Total-tract starch digestibility by individual cows was determined from the concentrations of starch in total mixed rations and feces (rectal grab samples) and concentrations of several external or intrinsic feed markers. Fecal starch concentration was closely and linearly related to total-tract starch digestibility (R(2) = 0.94). Differences in fecal sampling time for FS, such as day within week or week, did not influence determination of FS concentration. In contrast, time of day when fecal samples were taken influenced FS concentration, but the differences were minimal (mean ± standard error of the mean = 0.4 ± 0.1). These data suggest that on-farm collection of feces from individual cows or pens of cows may be sampled only once per day. Fecal pH was not related to FS when FS was only 1 to 3%, indicating that fecal pH was not a good index of FS and not practical as a tool to assess total-tract starch digestibility for lactating dairy cows when fecal starch excretion is low. An equation was developed to predict FS using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of dried ground fecal samples; the equation had moderate to good accuracy (R(2) = 0.83-0.94) and a low standard error of prediction. Fecal starch concentration can be used to monitor total-tract starch digestibility.
Production of uniformly stable isotope labelled proteins from mammalian cells

In order to implement a new strategy for determining the kinetics and metabolism of therapeutic proteins, we had to produce milligram quantities of a uniformly stable isotope labelled species. To produce the labelled protein, the rat pituitary tumor cell line GH3 was cultured in Celtone-M, a commercially prepared medium that contains all the necessary 13C,15N-labelled amino acids as well as a uniformly 13C-labelled carbohydrate source to produce uniformly 13C,15N-labelled rat growth hormone. The growth hormone secreted into the culture medium was purified using ultrafiltration followed by reversed-phase chromatography. The yield of labelled protein was approximately 10 mg/L. SDS-PAGE and western blot analyses confirmed that the labelled growth hormone migrated similarly to the unlabelled material, and that both labelled and unlabelled growth hormone were immunoreactive. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI) of the purified material revealed that the molecular weight of the labelled material was 995 units higher (22804 Da) than its unlabelled counterpart (21809 Da). This indicated labelling at 81% of all possible carbon and nitrogen sites throughout the protein. An alternative strategy using HPLC/CRIMS indicated that the protein was 89% 13C-labelled. It is possible to quantitate this stable-isotope labelled protein following iv injection in a rat, using HPLC/CRIMS. These results show that once cells have been adapted to growth in Celtone-M, the preparation of highly and uniformly labelled proteins from mammalian cells appears no more difficult than production of their unlabelled counterparts. This will make a much wider range of proteins available for NMR and other applications that employ stable-isotope labelled proteins. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hereditary spherocytosis: back to the reticulocytes

Da Costa and colleagues (page [2894][1]) shed new light on the chronology of membrane area loss in 2 hemolytic disorders, hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). By cleverly combining the time-honored measurements of osmotic fragility and a contemporary flow cytometric
Beyond the Classroom Walls: Teachers' and Students' Perspectives on How Online Learning Can Meet the Needs of Gifted Students

Online learning programs have the potential to provide gifted students expanded access to advanced courses, but little research has been conducted on how well or in what ways the online environment...
Taxonomic markup language: applying XML to systematic data.

Summary: An XML document type definition (DTD) is provided for the description of taxonomic relationships between organisms. Two XSL stylesheets for the graphical presentation of simple taxonomic trees are also provided. Availability: The DTD and stylesheets along with sample files are available at http://www.albany.edu/∼gilmr/ pubxml/.
NNERVE: Neural Network Extraction of Repetitive Vectors for Electromyography. II. Performance analysis

For pt. I see ibid., vol. 41, no. 11, p. 1039-53 (1994). In pt. I the authors presented a new method for the decomposition of clinical electromyographic signals, NNERVE, which utilizes a novel "pseudo-unsupervised" neural network approach to signal decomposition. Here the authors present a detailed performance analysis. They present definitions for quantitative performance criteria. NNERVE is shown to be highly reliable over a wide range of neural network architectures. It is also minimally sensitive to learning parameters. The degradations of performance over a wide range of signals and parameters are shown to be gradual, slight and graceful. These characteristics are shown to translate directly into a high degree of robustness over widely varying signals. Real signals obtained from the entire range of patients encountered in clinical situations are shown to be correctly handled without any modifications or adjustments of any parameters. This neural network method is then directly compared to a prior traditional signal processing method and is shown quantitatively to have consistently superior performance on both simulated and real signals. Clinically acceptable performance over a wide range of signals, recorded using standard clinical methodology, and the lack of a need for user interaction, will facilitate the use of motor unit quantitation in routine clinical electromyography. >
Automatic Identification and Classification of Noun Argument Structures in Biomedical Literature

The accelerating increase in the biomedical literature makes keeping up with recent advances challenging for researchers thus making automatic extraction and discovery of knowledge from this vast literature a necessity. Building such systems requires automatic detection of lexico-semantic event structures governed by the syntactic and semantic constraints of human languages in sentences of biomedical texts. The lexico-semantic event structures in sentences are centered around the predicates and most semantic role labeling (SRL) approaches focus only on the arguments of verb predicates and neglect argument taking nouns which also convey information in a sentence. In this article, a noun argument structure (NAS) annotated corpus named BioNom and a SRL system to identify and classify these structures is introduced. Also, a genetic algorithm-based feature selection (GAFS) method is introduced and global inference is applied to significantly improve the performance of the NAS Bio SRL system.
Thrombin Decreases the Urokinase Receptor and Surface-Localized Fibrinolysis in Cultured Endothelial Cells

The endothelial cell (EC) urokinase receptor plays an important role in the localization and receptor-mediated activation of EC-bound plasminogen and hence surface-localized fibrinolysis. Thrombin induced a rapid (< 5 minute), time- (0 to 30 minutes) and dose- (0.1 to 8 U/mL) dependent decrease in the specific binding of 125I-labeled two-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tcu-PA) or diisopropylfluoro-phosphate-tcu-PA to urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) in cultured ECs from various sources (range, 21% to 50%). The thrombin receptor activation peptide but not control peptide showed a similar but reduced decrease in the specific binding of 125I-labeled tcu-PA to u-PAR. Incubation of thrombin-treated cultures (10 to 12 hours) in complete medium restored 125I-labeled tcu-PA ligand binding to normal levels. u-PAR mRNA levels rapidly (1 hour) increased and peaked 10 to 12 hours after thrombin treatment as analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Decreased thrombin-induced 125I-labeled tcu-PA binding correlated with the time-dependent decrease in surface-localized plasmin generation, as measured by the direct activation of 125I-labeled Glu-plasminogen and quantification of the 20-kD light chains of 125I-labeled plasmin. After incubation with thrombin, plasmin generation was decreased 50% to 56% (125 to 152 fmol/3 to 3.5 x 10(4) cells). Isolation of metabolically labeled 35S-labeled u-PAR from the media of thrombin and phospholipase C-treated human aortic cultures yielded approximately 10- and approximately 12-fold more 55-kD M(r) and approximately 6-fold more 35-kD M(r) 35S-labeled u-PAR forms than control cultures, respectively. The u-PAR antigen forms (M(r), 54 kD) and the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein CD59 (M(r), 20 kD) were also simultaneously identified by immunoprecipitation in the media of thrombin-treated cultures. This suggests that thrombin may release u-PAR and decrease u-PA ligand binding through a common pathway involving phospholipase C. These results establish a novel interrelation between thrombin and EC fibrinolysis and suggest that thrombin may also have an additional regulatory role in the net expression of surface-localized EC fibrinolytic activity.
A measure of Loran location-based information

In cryptography, a verification tag is a piece of information used to authenticate a message. In geoencryption, location-based information is defined as the amount of information that can be used to construct a verification tag or ldquogeotagrdquo to identify onepsilas location. The term ldquogeoencryptionrdquo or ldquolocation-based encryptionrdquo refers to a security algorithm that limits the access or decryption of information content to specified locations and/or times. Loran is chosen as a case study to implement geoencryption due to its many properties that are beneficial to this protocol. The security of a geoencryption system resides in the geotag. In order to evaluate the security level of geoencryption system, we develop a mathematical framework to measure the information content of Loran location-based parameters.
Optical effects of different colors of artificial gingiva on ceramic crowns.

Objectives: The interaction between gingival color and the shade of ceramic restorations has never been fully studied. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optical effects of altering artificial gingival color on the ceramic crown shade in the cervical area. Methods: Thirty-one all-ceramic crowns of different shades were used in this study with six different artificial gingival colors. Using a spectrophotometer (Crystaleye 1 Olympus, Japan), we measured the shade of crowns in cervical areas with each of six different artificial gingiva. The crown color measured in the presence of pink artificial gingiva (control) was compared with the crown color with five other artificial gingiva. color difference values DE* were calculated and compared between the control group and test groups and the correlation of the artificial gingival color with the crown color was also assessed. Results: Significant differences were found in the mean L* and a* values of all-ceramic crowns at the cervical regions in all six gingival color groups (p < 0.001) and significant Pearson correlations were also found for the meanL*(r = 0.987,p < 0.001) anda*(r = 0.856, p = 0.03) values between the artificial gingiva and the ceramic crowns. The mean DE* values between the control group and each of the five other gingival groups were all significantly larger than the clinical perceptual threshold of DE* 1.6 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Different colors of artificial gingiva generated clinically detectable shade differences in the cervical region of ceramic crowns.
On the track profile in magnetoresistive heads

The relationship of the track profile in MR heads to the magnetic state of the MR sensor is studied in two examples. The first, using an exchange bias film for transverse biasing, was chosen because it displays a range of track profile behavior. The second employs soft film biasing. Using a detailed micromagnetic model, the quiescent bias states and track profiles were computed, and the formation of the track profile analyzed in terms of the magnetic response of the MR sensor; The anisotropic propagation of signal flux in the magnetic films of the sensor was seen to have a strong affect. >
The Robustness of Reliability Predictions For Parallel Systems of Identical Components

The robustness of reliability predictions based on the exponential failure law is investigated under possible deviations within the Weibull family of failure distributions. Regions of robustness are provided for parallel systems of N identical components, N = 1(1)15; i.e., regions in the space of the Weibull shape parameter, within which one may safely use the exponential prediction procedure and have no more than a prespecified error.
The impact of stress on mothers' memory of a natural disaster

The effects of stress on mothers' recall for a major hurricane were studied. Stress was objectively defined as low, moderate, or high according to the severity of home damage. This study of 96 mothers was conducted concurrently with L. E. Bahrick, J. F. Parker, R. Fivush, and M. Levitt (1998), allowing the authors to compare child and adult recall as a function of the same stressor. There was a quadratic relationship between storm severity and total recall for adults, similar to their children. Mothers' recall increased from low to moderate severity, but recall at moderate severity did not differ from high severity. These findings help clarify the effects of stress on the amount and type of information adults recall in retrospective accounts of naturalistic, temporally extended events.
Toward the Construction of a Post-Shoah Interfaith Dialogical Universal Ethic

The essay is an attempt to construct a new interfaith dialogical universal ethic after the Holocaust/Shoah, after first examining several biblical passages of both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament, namely Leviticus 19:13-18; Matthew 22:34-40; Matthew 5:43-48; and Luke 10:2.5-37. The author contends that the foundational Jewish and Christian scriptural texts can no longer be read, understood, and either interpreted or reinterpreted the way they were prior to the events of 1933-1945. Thus, following an examination of the scriptural passages in question, a new direction in the construction of such an ethic is suggested: that the only kind of holiness that merits our support is one grounded in ethical relations between all human beings, regardless of particularistic identities, and scriptural support for positions that exclude and distance rather than include and embrace must, ultimately, be rejected.
Cryostat for a beam test with the CESR-B cavity

The authors describe the cryostat development for the superconducting CESR-B cavity beam test. They describe external beamline components, the tuner, instumentation and control. >
Growth of medicinal plants in culture I. A controlled cabinet for maintaining plant cultures

Abstract In order to clarify the conditions necessary for obtaining maximum growth of plant cultures and maximum yields of active ingredients, a large cabinet was designed and constructed for growing cultures in a controlled environment. The cabinet, which is constructed entirely of wood, consists of two separate compartments, one above the other, each containing an illuminating system composed of a combination of fluorescent and incandescent lamps. A constant temperature is maintained in both compartments by a 1-horsepower air conditioner provided with coils for heating.
Shifting Symbolic Boundaries: Cultural Strategies of the Animal Rights Movement

How do activists create cultural change? Scholars have investigated the development and maintenance of collective identities as one avenue for cultural change, but to understand how activists foster change beyond their own movements, we need to look at activists’ strategies for changing their targets’ mindsets and actions. Sociologists need to look at activists’ boundary work to understand both the wide-sweeping goals and strategies that activists enact to generate broad-based cultural changes. Using data from participant observation and interviews with animal rights activists in France and the United States, and drawing on research on ethnic boundary shifting, I show how activists used two main strategies to shift symbolic boundaries between humans and animals, as well as between companion and farm animals—(1) they blur boundaries through focusing and universalizing strategies and (2) they cross boundaries physically, discursively, and iconographically. This study contributes a new theoretical and empirical example to the cultural changes studied by scholars of social movements, and it also provides a useful counterpoint to studies of symbolic boundary construction and maintenance in the sociology of culture.
Cache Refill/Access Decoupling for Vector Machines

Vector processors often use a cache to exploit temporal locality and reduce memory bandwidth demands, but then require expensive logic to track large numbers of outstanding cache misses to sustain peak bandwidth from memory. We present refill/access decoupling, which augments the vector processor with a Vector Refill Unit (VRU) to quickly pre-execute vector memory commands and issue any needed cache line refills ahead of regular execution. The VRU reduces costs by eliminating much of the outstanding miss state required in traditional vector architectures and by using the cache itself as a cost-effective prefetch buffer. We also introduce vector segment accesses, a new class of vector memory instructions that efficiently encode two-dimensional access patterns. Segments reduce address bandwidth demands and enable more efficient refill/access decoupling by increasing the information contained in each vector memory command. Our results show that refill/access decoupling is able to achieve better performance with less resources than more traditional decoupling methods. Even with a small cache and memory latencies as long as 800 cycles, refill/access decoupling can sustain several kilobytes of in-flight data with minimal access management state and no need for expensive reserved element buffering.
New ideas in inborn errors of metabolism in children and infants

In order to highlight the importance of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in children and to update the journal readers regarding the state of the art in diagnosis, management and treatment, we have compiled a special issue of the Journal of Pediatric Biochemistry comprising various types of inborn errors of small molecules (organic acidemias), large molecules (lysosomal disorders), mtDNA disorders, and metabolic muscle disease. One additional section is devoted to educate the reader regarding how neuroimaging can be used to study the IEMs. Each expert shares current knowledge with the readers of this journal. This Special Issue will provide information on IEMs from a clinical, diagnostic, biochemical and therapeutic perspective.
THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AS AN INDICATION OF THE UNIFORMITY OF ELECTRICAL PORCELAIN1

An electrical porcelain body of the composition 30% H and G A1 china clay, 20% Dorset English ball clay, 20% Ottawa flint, and 30% Buckingham feldspar, fired to cone 11. showed a modulus of elasticity of 9.54 ± 0.02 × 106 1b. per sq. in. (mean of 164 measurements). A similar body with Kentucky special ball clay substituted for Dorset hall clay gave a value of 10.01 ± 0.02 × 106 1b. per sq. in. (mean of 69 measurements) The accuracy of the measurements was ± 1.5%. The use of the modulus as a measure on. the uniformity of electrical porcelain gave excellent results The variations were expressed in terms of statistical constants such ac: the standard deviation and the coefficient of variability.
Topological order and edge structure of ν=1/2 quantum Hall state

We study topological order and edge excitations of the \ensuremath{\nu}=1/2 fractional quantum Hall state (FQH) of spin polarized electrons in a single-layer system. We find that the 1/2 FQH state obtained in the numerical study of Greiter et al. has a non-Abelian topological order suggested by Moore and Read. The edge excitations in such a non-Abelian FQH state are found to be described by the U(1) Kac-Moody algebra plus a chiral Majorana fermion theory. The electron and the quasiparticle propagators are calculated. Some experimental consequences are also discussed.
The disruptive orthopaedic surgeon: implications for patient safety and malpractice liability.

Abstract: Disruptive physician behavior imperils patient safety, erodes the morale of other health care providers, and dramatically increases the risk of malpractice litigation. Increasing patient volume, decreasing physician reimbursement, malpractice litigation, elevated stress, and growing job dissatisfaction have been implicated in disruptive behavior, which has emerged as one of the major challenges in health care. Because the aging patient population relies increasingly on orthopaedic services to maintain quality of life, improving professionalism and eradicating disruptive behavior are urgent concerns in orthopaedic surgery. Although many steps have been taken by The Joint Commission to improve patient care and define disruptive behavior, there is further room for improvement by physicians. Barriers to eliminating disruptive behavior by orthopaedic surgeons include fear of retaliation, lack of awareness among the surgeon's peers, and financial factors. Surgeons have a duty to address patterns of negative peer behavior for the benefit of patient care. This manuscript addresses the causes and consequences of disruptive physician behavior as well as management strategies, especially in orthopaedic surgery.
Combination of vinblastine and oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector expressing IL-12 therapy increases antitumor and antiangiogenic effects in prostate cancer models.

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV)–based vectors selectively replicate in tumor cells causing direct killing, ie., oncolysis, while sparing normal cells. oHSV’sare promising anticancer agents, but their efficacy, when used as single agents, leaves room for improvement. We hypothesized that combining the direct oncolytic and antiangiogenic activities of the IL-12 secreting NV1042 oHSV with microtubule disrupting agents (MDA’s) would be an effective means to enhance antitumor efficacy. Vinblastine (VB) was identified among several MDA’s screened that displayed consistent and potent cytotoxic killing of both prostate cancer and endothelial cell lines. In matrigel tube forming assays, VB was found to be highly effective at inhibiting tube formation of HUVEC cells. The combination of VB with NV1023 (the parental virus lacking IL-12) or NV1042 showed additive or synergistic activity against prostate cancer cell lines and was not due to increased oHSV replication by VB. In athymic mice bearing CWR22 prostate tumors, VB in combination with NV1042 was superior to the combination of VB plus NV1023 in reducing tumor burden, appeared to be nontoxic and resulted in a statistically significant diminution in the number of CD31 + cells as compared to other treatment groups. In human organotypic cultures using surgical samples from radical prostatectomies, both NV1023 and NV1042 were localized specifically to the epithelial cells of prostatic glands but not to the surrounding stroma. These data highlight the therapeutic advantage of combining the dual-acting anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activities of oHSV’s and MDA’s.
Parental relationships beyond the grave: Adolescents' descriptions of continued bonds

Objective:Many people experience an ongoing relationship with a deceased loved one. This is called a “continued bond.” However, little is known about the adolescent experience with continued bonds once a parent has died. This study describes three ways that adolescents continue their relationship with a parent after that parent's death.Method:Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with nine adolescent children of deceased hospice patients from a large hospice in northeastern Ohio as part of a larger grounded-theory study. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach.Results:Adolescents continued their bonds with deceased parents in one of three ways: experiencing encounters with the deceased parent, listening to the inner guide of the parent, and keeping mementos to remind them of the parent.Significance of results:The ways that the adolescents continued their bond with a deceased parent assisted them in creating meaning out of their loss and adjusting to life without that parent. Our results can be used by health professionals and parents to help adolescents after a parent has died.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110α mediates phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in myoblasts

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a sensor of intracellular energy. Activation of AMPK is associated with increased phosphorylation of the α-subunit at threonine 172 (T172) and decreased phosphorylation at serine 485 in AMPKα1 and serine 491 in AMPKα2 (S485/491). One potential mediator of AMPK phosphorylation is phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K); however, the mechanism and the identities of the specific PI3K isoforms that regulate AMPK activation are not known. To determine whether PI3K p110α regulated AMPK activation in muscle cells, C2C12 myoblasts were subjected to pharmacological inhibition of p110α, siRNA directed against p110α, or overexpression of constitutively-active or dominant negative p110α. Chemical inhibition, siRNA, and expression of dominant-negative p110α were all associated with increased AMPK T172 phosphorylation, whereas expression of constitutively-active p110α reduced T172 phosphorylation. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of p110α reduced AMPK S485/491 phosphorylation, while constitutively-active p110α increased AMPK S485/491 phosphorylation. This p110α-mediated increase in AMPK S485/491 phosphorylation was eliminated in the presence of the Akt inhibitor MK2206, suggesting that p110α-mediated phosphorylation of AMPKα at S485/491 is Akt-dependent. In response to oligomycin or serum-starvation, AMPK T172 phosphorylation was elevated in p110α-deficient myoblasts compared to control myoblasts. Overall, our findings identify PI3K p110α as a mediator of AMPK phosphorylation in myoblasts.
Affect and strategic decision making

The aim of this article is to show how the psychology of affect-specifically anxiety and depression-can help us understand strategic decision making in organisations. This is an important phenomenon, as strategic management involves developing the long-term direction and objectives of the entire organisation
Exponential segregation in a two-dimensional schelling model with tolerant individuals

We prove that the two-dimensional Schelling segregation model yields monochromatic regions of size exponential in the area of individuals' neighborhoods, provided that the tolerance parameter is a constant strictly less than 1/2 but sufficiently close to it. Our analysis makes use of a connection with the first-passage percolation model from the theory of stochastic processes.
Antigen Export Reduces Antigen Presentation and Limits T Cell Control of M. tuberculosis

Persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis results from bacterial strategies that manipulate host adaptive immune responses. Infected dendritic cells (DCs) transport M. tuberculosis to local lymph nodes but activate CD4 T cells poorly, suggesting bacterial manipulation of antigen presentation. However, M. tuberculosis antigens are also exported from infected DCs and taken up and presented by uninfected DCs, possibly overcoming this blockade of antigen presentation by infected cells. Here we show that the first stage of this antigen transfer, antigen export, benefits M. tuberculosis by diverting bacterial proteins from the antigen presentation pathway. Kinesin-2 is required for antigen export and depletion of this microtubule-based motor increases activation of antigen-specific CD4 T cells by infected cells and improves control of intracellular infection. Thus, although antigen transfer enables presentation by bystander cells, it does not compensate for reduced antigen presentation by infected cells and represents a bacterial strategy for CD4 T cell evasion.
Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of congruent voxels

Abstract Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) of functional materials offers unique advantages and capabilities for the rapid prototyping of electronic, optical and sensor elements. The use of LIFT for printing high viscosity metallic nano-inks and nano-pastes can be optimized for the transfer of voxels congruent with the shape of the laser pulse, forming thin film-like structures non-lithographically. These processes are capable of printing patterns with excellent lateral resolution and thickness uniformity typically found in 3-dimensional stacked assemblies, MEMS-like structures and free-standing interconnects. However, in order to achieve congruent voxel transfer with LIFT, the particle size and viscosity of the ink or paste suspensions must be adjusted to minimize variations due to wetting and drying effects. When LIFT is carried out with high-viscosity nano-suspensions, the printed voxel size and shape become controllable parameters, allowing the printing of thin-film like structures whose shape is determined by the spatial distribution of the laser pulse. The result is a new level of parallelization beyond current serial direct-write processes whereby the geometry of each printed voxel can be optimized according to the pattern design. This work shows how LIFT of congruent voxels can be applied to the fabrication of 2D and 3D microstructures by adjusting the viscosity of the nano-suspension and laser transfer parameters.
Birchfield v. North Dakota: Motion of Indiana Tech Law School Amicus Project for Leave to File an Amicus Brief and Amicus Brief in Support of Neither Party

N.D.C.C. §39-08-01, which criminalizes a motorist’s refusal to consent to a warrantless blood test regardless of the circumstances, cannot withstand constitutional scrutiny. First, in violation of Missouri v. McNeely, the statute upon which criminalization is predicated – N.D.C.C. §39-20-01 – at least partially violates the Fourth Amendment. Specifically, N.D.C.C. §39-20-1 creates a per se exigency exception to the warrant requirement, thus permitting warrantless blood draws of every motorist, regardless of whether exigent circumstances are present and justify dispensing with the warrant requirement. Second, law enforcement officers have less intrusive means available at their disposal to obtain the same evidence and thus establish probable cause that a motorist is driving while intoxicated. Third, criminalizing a motorist’s refusal to consent to a warrantless blood test in every situation, particularly where the motorist has consented to breathalyzer and urine tests, represents an unnecessary and unprincipled expansion of the implied consent doctrine in the same way that warrantless cell phone searches impermissibly exceeded the scope of the search incident to arrest doctrine.Ultimately, if N.D.C.C. §§39-20-1 and 39-08-01 are upheld, the Court will send a message that states can circumvent the Fourth Amendment with legislation that admittedly achieves worthy policy objectives, yet does so at the expense of core constitutional protections. In Riley v. California, the Court’s decision recognized this fact, and implicit in its holding was the admonition that the objective of serving the public good, such as by deterring drunk driving, must not be achieved through laws that make the public less free and the Constitution less relevant.
Limit Theorems for Fourier Transforms of Functionals of Gaussian Sequences

Limit theorems with a non-Gaussian (in fact nonstable) limiting distribution have been obtained under suitable conditions for partial sums of instantaneous nonlinear functions of stationary Gaussian sequences with long range dependence. Analogous limit theorems are here obtained for finite Fourier transforms of instantaneous nonlinear functions of stationary Gaussian sequences with long range dependence.
RAS signaling in ALK fusion lung cancer

The success of ALK targeted therapy is blunted by resistance. To identify rational polytherapy strategies to improve clinical outcomes, we studied the molecular basis of ALK oncogene dependence in ALK gene rearrangement positive (ALK+) lung adenocarcinoma. We discovered that RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling is the crucial downstream pathway that is required for ALK+ tumor cell survival. Upfront co-inhibition of ALK and MEK improved response and blocked resistance in preclinical ALK+ lung cancer models, providing rationale for a new treatment paradigm for ALK+ patients.
The Art of Research: Opportunities for a Science-Based Approach

Research, the manufacture of knowledge, is currently practiced largely as an "art," not a "science." Just as science understanding and technology tools have revolutionized the manufacture of other goods and services, it is natural, perhaps inevitable, that they will ultimately also be applied to the manufacture of knowledge. In this article, we present an emerging perspective on opportunities for such application, at three different levels of the research enterprise. At the cognitive science level of the individual researcher, opportunities include: overcoming idea fixation and sloppy thinking, and balancing divergent and convergent thinking. At the social network level of the research team, opportunities include: overcoming strong links and groupthink, and optimally distributing divergent and convergent thinking between individuals and teams. At the research ecosystem level of the research institution and the larger national and international community of researchers, opportunities include: overcoming performance fixation, overcoming narrow measures of research impact, and overcoming or harnessing existential/social stress.
Significance of urban climatologic expert assessment for urban planning and development

Aspects of urban climatology relevant to urban planning are given in respect of quality of the atmosphere and urban climate modification. This paper deals with the spatial evaluation of emission and incidence of air pollution, local conditions of air flow and diffusion, climatic effects of different surface types and conditions of urban ventilation.
Analyzing transmembrane protein and hydrophobic helix topography by dual fluorescence quenching.

The location of fluorescent groups relative to the lipid bilayer can be evaluated using fluorescence quenchers embedded in the membrane and/or dissolved in aqueous solution. Quenching can be used to define the membrane topography of membrane proteins and individual membrane-embedded hydrophobic helices by combining it with the placement of fluorescent groups, including Trp, at defined sequence positions. This chapter briefly discusses various quenching methods for studies of membrane protein topography, and provides detailed protocols for dual quencher analysis (DQA), a rapid, highly sensitive, and experimentally flexible approach in which the information gained from both a membrane-embedded and aqueous quencher is combined. The advantages of the DQA method include flexibility with regard to the bilayer compositions to which it can be applied, including membranes composed of lipids of varying head group and acyl chain compositions, as well as the ability to identify mixed populations of fluorophores residing at different depths within the bilayer.
Comments on Professor Johnson’s Paper: 1

A few years ago, Professor Raymond Vernon asked, referring to the present generation of international trade theorists, ‘Why do you all have to be so neoclassical?’ He was piqued, I think, not by the relentless application of neoclassical rigour but rather by the stuffy adherence to respectably neo-classical assumptions. Professor Johnson’s exposition of a new theory based on institu­tional aspects of the discovery and dissemination of production and consumption knowledge, and the recent literature on which it builds, should provide cause for cheer. The new ideas about patterns of trade indeed constitute a highly important development for the future of international economic relations, both in explaining or predicting the structure of trade among nations and in shedding light on problems of international economic policy.