cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the observed changes in upper stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures from UARS HALOE

Temperature versus pressure or T(p) time series from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) have been extended and re-analyzed for the period of 1991-2005 and for the upper stratosphere and mesosphere in 10-degree wide latitude zones from 60S to 60N. Even though sampling from a solar occultation experiment is somewhat limited, it is shown to be quite adequate for developing both the seasonal and longer-term variations in T(p). Multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques were used in the re-analyses for the seasonal and the significant interannual, solar cycle (SC-like or decadal-scale), and linear trend terms. A simple SC-like term of 11-yr period was fitted to the time series residuals after accounting for the seasonal and interannual terms. Highly significant SC-like responses were found for both the upper mesosphere and the upper stratosphere. The phases of these SC-like terms were checked for their continuity with latitude and pressure-altitude, and in almost all cases they are directly in-phase with that of standard proxies for the solar flux variations. The analyzed, max minus min, responses at low latitudes are of order 1 K, while at middle latitudes they are as large as 3 K in the upper mesosphere. Highly significant, linear cooling trends were found at middle latitudes of the middle to upper mesosphere (about -2 K/decade), at tropical latitudes of the middle mesosphere (about -1 K/decade), and at 2 hPa (or order -1 K/decade).
Dynamic modeling of ICPT considering misalignment and speed of vehicle

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) are gaining popularity due to political, environmental, and economical reasons. Research is being done to charge these alternatively fueled vehicles by means of Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT). Previous research, however, does not adequately address misalignment of the primary and secondary coils. In this research, we will develop a model for the effects of misalignment and movement of the rectangular coils with respect to each other. This will be accomplished using analytical models, followed by FEM analysis.
A taxonomy of biologically inspired research in computer networking

The natural world is enormous, dynamic, incredibly diverse, and highly complex. Despite the inherent challenges of surviving in such a world, biological organisms evolve, self-organize, self-repair, navigate, and flourish. Generally, they do so with only local knowledge and without any centralized control. Our computer networks are increasingly facing similar challenges as they grow larger in size, but are yet to be able to achieve the same level of robustness and adaptability. Many research efforts have recognized these parallels, and wondered if there are some lessons to be learned from biological systems. As a result, biologically inspired research in computer networking is a quickly growing field. This article begins by exploring why biology and computer network research are such a natural match. We then present a broad overview of biologically inspired research, grouped by topic, and classified in two ways: by the biological field that inspired each topic, and by the area of networking in which the topic lies. In each case, we elucidate how biological concepts have been most successfully applied. In aggregate, we conclude that research efforts are most successful when they separate biological design from biological implementation - that is to say, when they extract the pertinent principles from the former without imposing the limitations of the latter.
Expression of Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor Is a Strong Prognostic Predictor for Patients With Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF), which is unrelated to hepatocyte growth factor, can stimulate DNA synthesis and cell proliferation on entering the nucleus. We hypothesize that HDGF plays an important role in biologic behavior of early-stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Ninety-eight patients with pathologic stage I NSCLC who underwent curative surgery were studied. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression level of HDGF in the tumor specimens. The intensity of the protein staining and percentage of stained tumor cells were used to determine a labeling index. Statistical analyses, all two-sided, were performed to determine the prognostic effect of HDGF expression levels on clinical parameters and outcomes. Results The mean ± standard deviation HDGF labeling index in the 98 tumors was 185 ± 41. Patients whose tumors had higher HDGF indexes (≥ 185) had a significantly poorer probability of overall survival at 5 years after surgery than did those with ...
An obscuring cause of wide-anion-gap metabolic acidosis in alcoholic patient: an interesting case.

Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) is an under-recognized condition that is seen in alcoholics following abrupt cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption. Symptoms and routine laboratory results are non-specific. The diagnosis of AKA is complicated by the fact that standard tests for ketone detection do not detect β-hydroxy butyrate, the primary ketone present in AKA, and must be measured directly. Patients may have a mixed acid base disorder with a primary wide-anion-gap metabolic acidosis, and concurrent metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis (triple acid base imbalance). A high index of suspicion should be maintained in all patients with a history of heavy alcohol consumption.
Predictors of outpatient mental health clinic follow‐up after hospitalization among Medicaid‐enrolled young adults

Aim To assess demographic and clinical predictors of outpatient mental health clinic follow-up after inpatient psychiatric hospitalization among Medicaid-enrolled young adults. Methods Using logistic regression and administrative claims data from the Maryland public mental health system and Maryland Medicaid for young adults ages 18–26 who were enrolled in Medicaid (N = 1127), the likelihood of outpatient mental health follow-up within 30 days after inpatient psychiatric hospitalization was estimated . Results Only 51% of the young adults had any outpatient mental health follow-up visits within 30 days of discharge. Being black and having a co-occurring substance use disorder diagnosis were associated with a lower probability of having a follow-up visit (OR = 0.60, P < 0.01 and OR = 0.36, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, those who utilized any outpatient public mental health services during the 180 days prior to their index hospitalization (N = 625, 55.4%) were more likely to have a follow-up visit than those without prior outpatient use (OR = 2.45, P < 0.01). Prior Medicaid-reimbursed primary care visits were not significantly associated with follow-up. Conclusions In this predominantly urban, low-income statewide sample of young adults hospitalized for serious psychiatric conditions, half did not connect with an outpatient mental healthcare provider following their discharge. Outpatient transition supports may be especially needed for young adults who were not receiving outpatient services prior to being admitted for psychiatric inpatient care, as well as for young adults with substance use disorders and African Americans.
The Value Added Tax on Electronic Commerce in the European Union

This paper concludes that any failure to apply value-added tax (VAT) to electronic commerce crossing borders between EU Member States and other countries should not affect the VAT liability of registered traders, even if the reverse charge rule (taxation in the hands of recipients) is not applied. The only type of e-commerce that is problematic involves sales of digital content to consumers and unregistered traders. However, such sales constitute a minuscule fraction of purchases by households and unregistered traders (given the extremely low level of small-business exemptions). Thus, while many believe that the question of how to tax e-commerce under the VAT is urgent, how it is resolved may not be very important.
Automatic Facial Expression Recognition using Bags of Motion Words

We present a fully automatic approach for facial expression recognition based on a representation of facial motion using a vocabulary of local motion descriptors. Previous studies have shown that motion is sufficient for recognizing expressions. Moreover, by discarding appearance after optical flow estimation, our representation is invariant to the subjects’ ethnic background, facial hair and other confounders. Unlike most facial expression recognition approaches, ours is general and not specifically tailored to faces. Annotation efforts for training are minimal, since the user does not have to label frames according to the phase of the expression, or identify facial features. Only a single expression label per sequence is required. We show results on a database of 600 video sequences.
Ordered and chaotic vortex streets behind circular cylinders at low Reynolds numbers

We report some experiments undertaken to investigate the origin of ordered and chaotic laminar vortex streets behind circular cylinders at low Reynolds numbers. We made simultaneous measurements of near wake longitudinal velocity and cylinder lateral vibration amplitude spectra for cylinder Reynolds numbers in the range from 40 to 160. For a non-vibrating cylinder the velocity energy spectra contained only a single peak, at the Strouhal frequency. When the cylinder was observed to vibrate in response to forcing by the vortex wake, additional dominant spectral peaks appeared in the resulting ‘ordered’ velocity spectra. Cylinder vibrations too small to be noticed with the naked eye or from audible Aeolian tones produced a coupled wake-cylinder response with dramatic effects in hot-wire and cylinder vibration detector signals. The velocity spectra associated with these coupled motions had dominant peaks at the Strouhal frequency fs, at a frequency fc proportional to the fundamental cylinder vibration frequency, and at sum and difference combinations of multiples of fs and fc. In windows of chaos the velocity spectra were broadened by switching between different competing coupling modes. The velocity spectra were very sensitive to the nature of the boundary conditions at the ends of the cylinder. Our measurements strongly suggest that the very similar regions of ‘order’ and ‘chaos’ observed by Sreenivasan and interpreted by him as transition through quasi-periodic states in the sense of the Ruelle, Takens, and Newhouse theory were also due to aeroelastic coupling of the vortex wake with cylinder vibration modes.
Commentary: Dr. George W. Comstock—A Primary Care Practitioner of Public Health

Dr. George W. Comstock, a specialist in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis, was also a cardiovascular disease epidemiologist, a cancer epidemiologist, and a molecular epidemiologist. In short, he was the equivalent of a primary care practitioner—‘‘a generalist’’ in the field of public health and the science of epidemiology but expert in all. He was ‘‘ahead of the curve’’ in many ways, doing ‘‘translational research’’ before it was called ‘‘translational research,’’ just as he did molecular and social epidemiology before those terms were coined or came into vogue. He has left a legacy in almost every aspect of public health. A welldone literature search on almost any topic will produce at least one reference authored by Dr. Comstock. The range of topics is astounding, from church attendance and impact on mortality (1) to genetic polymorphisms and cancer risk (2). Dr. Comstock thought ‘‘out of the box’’ but kept ideas ‘‘in the box.’’ He was the ‘‘go to’’ person for students in need of a topic. I was one of those students searching for a thesis topic. He would pull out his ‘‘idea box’’ containing 3- 3 5inch index cards, and a plethora of research topics would be at your fingertips; all were topics that would make a difference in public health. He had a topic for me that was feasible and novel, and it launched my longtime association with Dr. Comstock and the CLUE cohort studies. It was one of the best choices for my career, not for the impact of that particular study but for the valuable lessons I learned for ‘‘out of the box’’ thinking and my subsequent transition from student to colleague. His breadth of activities made choosing which of his papers to republish in this special edition a daunting task. When preparing to speak at his memorial service, I was asked to list two or three articles of his in the area of cancer epidemiology to be on a total list of articles that would be highlighted. I found that to be impossible and prepared a list of 14 articles, placing them under categories such as ‘‘shows insight to do critical methodological investigations—not glamorous or fundable but necessary for research’’ or
Knowledge of binding in normal and SLI children

The properties of reflexives vary across adult languages with respect to (i) the domain in which a reflexive may be bound and (ii) the syntactic positions an appropriate antecedent may occupy. These two issues have been approached in GB theory in various ways, each with specific implications for acquisition. In this paper we examine these implications by testing normal and Specific Language Impaired (SLI) children for evidence of the binding domain and orientation properties of their grammars. The investigation reveals that, contrary to most previous claims, normal children acquiring English pass through a long-distance binding stage. SLI children, however, do not display this pattern, tending instead to behave like very young normal children in requiring the nearest available NP to be the antecedent. We argue that this constitutes an early binding stage not previously identified. Finally, we interpret our findings in terms of a conception of acquisition dubbed the 'competing grammars' model, according to which competing incompatible grammars may coexist in the mind of the learner.
Tunnel-Diode Microwave Oscillators

Several experimental tunnel-diode RF oscillators which operate at frequencies from 610 to 8350 Mc are described. Power outputs an order of magnitude greater than those previously reported in the literature were obtained: 10 mw at 610 Mc, 2 mw at 1600 Mc, 0.7 mw at 2800 Mc, 0.2 mw at 5500 Mc, and 0.01 mw at 7130 Mc. Problems relating to oscillation frequency, power output, and wave shape are treated analytically.
The geography and ecology of plant speciation: range overlap and niche divergence in sister species.

A goal of evolutionary biology is to understand the roles of geography and ecology in speciation. The recent shared ancestry of sister species can leave a major imprint on their geographical and ecological attributes, possibly revealing processes involved in speciation. We examined how ecological similarity, range overlap and range asymmetry are related to time since divergence of 71 sister species pairs in the California Floristic Province (CFP). We found that plants exhibit strikingly different age-range correlation patterns from those found for animals; the latter broadly support allopatric speciation as the primary mode of speciation. By contrast, plant sisters in the CFP were sympatric in 80% of cases and range sizes of sisters differed by a mean of 10-fold. Range overlap and range asymmetry were greatest in younger sisters. These results suggest that speciation mechanisms broadly grouped under ‘budding’ speciation, in which a larger ranged progenitor gives rise to a smaller ranged derivative species, are probably common. The ecological and reproductive similarity of sisters was significantly greater than that of sister–non-sister congeners for every trait assessed. However, shifts in at least one trait were present in 93% of the sister pairs; habitat and soil shifts were especially common. Ecological divergence did not increase with range overlap contrary to expectations under character displacement in sympatry. Our results suggest that vicariant speciation is more ubiquitous in animals than plants, perhaps owing to the sensitivity of plants to fine-scale environmental heterogeneity. Despite high levels of range overlap, ecological shifts in the process of budding speciation may result in low rates of fine-scale spatial co-occurrence. These results have implications for ecological studies of trait evolution and community assembly; despite high levels of sympatry, sister taxa and potentially other close relatives, may be missing from local communities.
The Long and Winding Litigation Road of Race and Referenda

The Cleveland-Marshall Fair Housing Law Clinic accepted a case seven years ago that has since wound its way down a long road, stopping at every level of both the Ohio and federal court systems. The last stop in the long line of litigation was the U.S. Supreme Court, just one day after the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday. Cleveland-Marshall adjunct Professor Edward G. Kramer argued on behalf of Columbus-based developer, Buckeye Community Hope Foundation. This article details one fair housing journey to the corner of First and Constitution Avenues.
Erasmus and Voltaire: A Review

Review article on Ricardo J. Quinones, "Erasmus and Voltaire: Why They Still Matter" (Toronto, Buffalo, & London: University of Toronto Press, 2010).
A Charge Comparison of Audiometric Testing in the Pediatric Population

ObjectiveTo determine the charges associated with performing combined tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions vs a comprehensive audiogram in the pediatric population and to analyze its implications for future practice.Study DesignRetrospective charge analysis.SettingTertiary care academic center.Subjects and MethodsAnalysis was performed on 538 pediatric patients who underwent audiometric hearing testing from May through October 2014.ResultsIn total, 401 patients had combined tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions testing and 91 patients underwent a comprehensive audiogram, while 46 patients underwent all 3 tests. The technical and professional charges for combined tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions were $139 and $116, respectively, with an overall charge of $255. The technical and professional charges for an audiogram were $124 and $198, respectively, with an overall charge of $322.ConclusionObjective testing with a combination of tympanometry and otoacoustic emissions charges insurers $67 less than ...
Enhanced Systemic Bioavailability of Curcumin Through Transmucosal Administration of a Novel Microgranular Formulation.

BACKGROUND/AIM Curcumin is a promising nutraceutical for chemoprevention of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Capsular formulations of curcumin demonstrate low systemic bioavailability. We aimed to determine if curcumin levels were higher in healthy volunteers and cancer patients with microgranular curcumin that allows for transmucosal absorption and identify a consistent biomarker. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight healthy volunteers and 15 HNSCC patients completed the trials. Serum levels of curcumin were measured by HPLC. Biological activity of curcumin was assessed with Multiplex Immunoassay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We achieved higher serum levels of curcumin compared to trials using capsular formulation. In cancer patients a significant decrease in expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in post-biopsy samples and decreased serum levels of FGF-2, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) (p<0.05) was observed. CONCLUSION Transmucosal administration of microgranular curcumin leads to enhanced curcumin bioavailability that is associated with significant biological effects.
Predictive Value of Amniotic-Membrane Cultures for the Development of Postcesarean Endometritis

This study assesses (1) the relationship between the bacteriology of amniotic-membrane cultures (AMCs) obtained at the time of primary cesarean section and the subsequent postoperative course of afebrile, laboring patients whose membranes ruptured greater than or equal to 4 hr before delivery and (2) the impact of perioperative antibiotics on this relationship. Therapy with perioperative antibiotics was begun after the cord was clamped and the membrane specimen was obtained for culture. Specimens for AMC were obtained from 127 patients; 62 received placebo and 65 received perioperative antibiotics. In spite of the homogeneity of the patients' clinical risk factors, their AMCs demonstrated considerable variation in the degree of bacterial contamination present at the time of cesarean section. The presence of no growth or of low-virulence isolates only in the AMC usually was associated with a benign postoperative course, and therapy with perioperative antibiotics did not significantly decrease the incidence of endometritis associated with these AMC patterns. On the other hand, the presence of a mixture of high- and low-virulence organisms in the AMC or of high-virulence anaerobes only--more specifically, gram-negative anaerobes--was predictive of subsequent postcesarean endometritis only for patients who did not receive perioperative antibiotics, and therapy significantly decreased the incidence of endometritis associated with these AMC patterns. In conclusion, the correlation between specific bacteriologic patterns found in the AMC and the subsequent development of endometritis for patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotics was better than the correlation based on clinical risk factors alone.
Race, Class, and Affirmative Action

Citation: Fliter, J. A. (2016). Race, Class, and Affirmative Action. Journal of Politics, 78(3), e5-e6. doi:10.1086/687018
Analysis of supportability of mine clearing vehicle

The combat readiness ratio and availability as maintenance supportability parameters were ascertained in order to compute maintenance supportability quantificationally.The mathematical model was presented,the density functions of maintenance time,fault and interval were selected considering the assumption of blazing a way in battlefield and the method of quantitative analysis on the supportability of a mine clearing vehicle was briefly introduced.The analysis indicates that the combat readiness ratio of the mine clearing vehicle is 99.12%,and its expectation of availability and instantaneous availability is 95.8% and 93.86% respectively after working continuously for four hours,which has better supportability than that of others.
Late mortality after sepsis: propensity matched cohort study

Objectives To determine whether late mortality after sepsis is driven predominantly by pre-existing comorbid disease or is the result of sepsis itself. Deign Observational cohort study. Setting US Health and Retirement Study. Participants 960 patients aged ≥65 (1998-2010) with fee-for-service Medicare coverage who were admitted to hospital with sepsis. Patients were matched to 777 adults not currently in hospital, 788 patients admitted with non-sepsis infection, and 504 patients admitted with acute sterile inflammatory conditions. Main outcome measures Late (31 days to two years) mortality and odds of death at various intervals. Results Sepsis was associated with a 22.1% (95% confidence interval 17.5% to 26.7%) absolute increase in late mortality relative to adults not in hospital, a 10.4% (5.4% to 15.4%) absolute increase relative to patients admitted with non-sepsis infection, and a 16.2% (10.2% to 22.2%) absolute increase relative to patients admitted with sterile inflammatory conditions (P Conclusions More than one in five patients who survives sepsis has a late death not explained by health status before sepsis.
Prognosis of patients after open mitral commissurotomy. Actuarial analysis of late results in 100 patients.

The continuing controversy between proponents of open and closed commissurotomy might be clarified by analysis of late follow-up with modern actuarial techniques that provide a true perspective of patient risk. We have used open mitral commissurotomy exclusively for 15 years in 100 patients. There was one operative death from pancreatitis and one late death from cancer; the actuarially projected survival rate (± the standard error) at 10 years is 97 per cent (±2). Thirteen patients had preoperative emboli, 6 of whom were in sinus rhythm and 7 in atrial fibrillation. Two patients had postoperative emboli, both in sinus rhythm. The actuarial chance of remaining free of embolism at 10 years is 97 per cent (±2). Sixteen patients required reoperation on the mitral valve for functional deterioration. The remaining survivors were in Class I or II when last seen. The actuarial chance of not requiring a reoperation after 5 years is 91 per cent (±4) and at 10 years, 38 per cent (±16). Results in different centers are difficult to compare for many reasons, but imprecise statistical methods further obscure such comparisons. The use of actuarial techniques may help to define the role of open mitral commissurotomy.
Gaf Daba and 'Manyattazation': Forced Settlement and the Stoppage of Time in the 1960s North Eastern Province (NEP) of Kenya

The Borana of the North Eastern Province (NEP) of Kenya refer to the so-called Shifta War of 1963-68 as the gaf Daba or period when time stopped. The Shifta conflict began shortly after Kenyan independence in 1963 and entailed the violent retention of the NEP within Kenya rather than Somalia, which also claimed the region. Based on 9 months of research at the Kenya Nation Archives from 2011-2012, my paper explores manyattization or forced settlement and its impact on mobility, broadly conceived. Kenyan administration and its colonial antecedents required semi-urban settlement and centralization which contrasted to the rhythm of transhumant pastoralism, the predominant mode of everyday life in the NEP, in which settlement was scattered and followed seasonal grazing and water. This rhythm was shattered during the gaf Daba through State control of movement via permits and forced settlement schemes. These restrictions on mobility proved both literal and figurative in that they forced NEP communities into semi-urban spaces where movement was policed and opportunities were exceptionally sparse. Thus, at independence citizenship for pastoral NEP peoples meant stasis or in local terms the gaf Daba.
DIMENSIONS OF KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION IN SIMULATION ENVIRONMENTS

The inclusion of specific modules for knowledge representation within simulation models results in so-called knowledge-based simulation systems. Knowledge representation tools are effective organizers of information about the objects involved in a simulation. Also, they are used within components themselves to model intelligent agents. Such combinations of artificial intelligence (AI) and conventional simulation methodologies call for new concepts in knowledge representation and utilization. This chapter describes that a representation scheme is a means of representing reality in computerized form. Each representation adhering to the pattern laid down by the scheme consists of four kinds of features or slots. (1) Operations are procedures that can create, modify, and destroy representations or their components. (2) Questions are procedures that can be used to interrogate the representation to get answers. Operations and questions are internal features of the representation in that they are meaningful independently of outside reality. (3) The third feature of a representation designates exactly what real world entity it represents. (4) Finally, there must be a means of putting into correspondence the features of the representation with the entity it claims to represent. The validity of the representation hinges on this correspondence Both AI representation schemes and simulation model formalisms fit within this umbrella concept.
Wavelength agile nonmechanical laser beam steering from Fresnel zone plates imprinted on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator

Multibeam, multicolor, large-angle beam-steering is demonstrated in the visible spectral region by imprinting Fresnel zone plates (FZP) on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Spectral dispersion, both diffractive and refractive, is observed but does not prevent the use of this technology for beam steering applications. The experimental results show that while diffractive dispersion dominates over refractive dispersion, wavelength-specific FZPs can be rendered to direct those beams on target, either simultaneously or consecutively. Only a slight correction in the FZP positon is necessary to compensate for refractive dispersion. The position, intensity, and wavelength of each beam can be controlled independently.
Counseling and Self-Disclosure

Why the title “Counseling and Self-Disclosure?” One may well question the need to have chapters on counseling and self-disclosure as well as on psychotherapy and self-disclosure; after all, are they not the same thing? Has not all the information contained in this chapter already been presented in preceding chapters? To provide the raison d’etre for the chapter, it is useful to understand something about counseling psychology and the working assumptions it brings to the counseling relationship.
Supporting Faculty in Successfully Producing and Publishing Educational Research: What Colleges and Organizations Can Do

To the Editor: The recent Special Article by Persky and Romanelli on successfully producing and publishing educational research was timely and much needed. (1) As pointed out by the authors, pharmacy faculty members are often trained in clinical, laboratory, and social/behavioral and administrative research. With more teaching-focused pharmacy schools and less research funding, getting scholarly credit for sharing new activities and approaches developed as part of teaching responsibilities can be attractive. However, as suggested by the article, pharmacy faculty members may not have the training to make Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SOTL) publications more rigorous and more theory- and data-driven. That being said, here are some suggestions that may facilitate growth in the SOTL field. As the number of pharmacy schools has grown, the average, aggregate years of experience of faculty members has decreased, as has the number of full professors per school. (2) Further, many new schools are standalone, in that they are not surrounded by other colleges in pertinent fields like education and the humanities. However, reaching out to a faculty member with expertise in educational research can be a learning experience for strengthening the research design as well as data analysis. Thus, my first suggestion to those venturing into SOTL research is to seek out appropriate collaboration or mentorship. Faculty development committees often bring in speakers or host workshops, but this may not be enough. Would-be SOTL researchers need ongoing, individual support. For schools that just don't have such resources, a community of scholars program may be appropriate. (3) This model would allow participating faculty members to invest in SOTL research by forming collaborations with similar-minded faculty members, setting goals for designing studies that can be published, and pairing up faculty members with those who have expertise in an area of need. A key role in developing the field of SOTL can come from the editorial boards of pharmacy education journals. Knowing that science or pharmacy faculty members who lack training in educational research are interested in this field, journals might consider publishing an "educational research series." This can be similar to the statistics review series published in various medical journals for those healthcare professionals who may not be well trained in statistics. The education research series can include overviews of various theoretical models, some of the common research methodologies, and even a few statistical analyses that can be used in educational research. …
Voting teams: a cooperative approach to non-typical problems using genetic programming

This paper presents a general approach for evolving cooperative teams to solve problems that are non-typical of team research. Cooperation is achieved by allowing the team members to vote on the solution. In these experiments the even-7-parity problem is used as the test problem. Although the even-7-pariety problem is not typical of team learning, cooperating teams outperformed individuals and used fewer resources. Interestingly, the team members' individual performance is quite poor; the improved performance is only achieved through cooperative voting.
Bi-tapered fiber sensor using visible to near infrared light

Abstract The spectral transmission properties of a bi-tapered optical fiber sensor are studied at wavelengths from 720 nm to 920 nm. The wavelengths of interest were generated using a fiber-based, supercontinuum light source that we constructed. The sensitivity of our fiber sensor was examined with water-glycerol mixture using different weight concentrations of glycerol. The wavelength sensitivity is boosted by an order of magnitude above our earlier design with reproducible results. We use the phase analysis of the data and also report a novel and strong correlation with the signal’s Fourier amplitude.
Abstract 102: A Novel Swine Model of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Introduction: A reproducible large animal model for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) does not exist. This study sought to develop a large animal AAA model in swine using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a lysyl oxidase inhibitor, an enzyme responsible for collagen cross-linking. We hypothesized that elastase/collagenase perfusion and balloon dilatation in combination with BAPN administration would result in AAA formation. Methods: Uncastrated Yorkshire male swine were fed BAPN (0.12g/kg) daily for one week prior to surgery and continued throughout the experiment. After anesthesia, the aorta was exposed from the renal arteries to the aortic bifurcation. The infrarenal aorta was cannulated via the caudal mesenteric artery and an aortic angioplasty was performed to dilate the aorta to 200% of its original diameter. Next, a 30 mL solution consisting of 500 units of elastase and 8,000 units of Type I collagenase was perfused into the infrarenal aorta for 10 minutes. This solution was also then topically applied for 10 minutes. The abdomen was irrigated and closed. Antibiotics and analgesic medications were administered. Results: BAPN-fed swine sacrificed at 28 days (n=5) had a 101% increase in infrarenal aorta diameter compared with day 0 (p=0.008). Swine (n=4) sacrificed at 7 and 14 days showed an increase of 114 and 75%, respectively. Histologically on day 28, collagen decreased by 20% and smooth muscle cell expression decreased by 40% (p=0.0001) in the aortic wall compared with control suprarenal aorta. Infrarenal aortas also showed a strong predilection for M1-polarized macrophages (MCP-1 positive staining, p=0.0165) compared with M2 macrophages (Arg-1 positive staining). MMP2 activity by zymography (p=0.0127) and IL-18 by array was also significantly increased (p=0.0202) on day 28 in the infrarenal AAA. Conclusions: Compared with previous large animal AAA models, this model using conventional techniques including balloon dilatation, elastase/collagenase perfusion, in addition to oral BAPN led to robust AAA with similar molecular and histologic changes to those seen in human AAA. This novel swine AAA model may serve as a much-needed link that will allow for the progression of studies from rodents to humans.
Addressing the mismatch through culturally responsive literacy instruction

The American demographic is drastically changing from a largely white, European-American population to one that is extremely diverse. This shift in demographics has impacted on state schools. Stude...
Breast cancer survival predicted by TP53 mutation status differs markedly depending on treatment

Previous studies on the role of TP53 mutation in breast cancer treatment response and survival are contradictory and inconclusive, limited by the use of different endpoints to determine clinical significance and by small sample sizes that prohibit stratification by treatment. We utilized large datasets to examine overall survival according to TP53 mutation status in patients across multiple clinical features and treatments. Confirming other studies, we found that in all patients and in hormone therapy-treated patients, TP53 wild-type status conferred superior 5-year overall survival, but survival curves crossed at 10 or more years. In contrast, further stratification within the large dataset revealed that in patients receiving chemotherapy and no hormone therapy, wild-type TP53 status conferred remarkably poor overall survival. This previously unrecognized inferior survival is consistent with p53 inducing arrest/senescence instead of apoptosis. Addition of hormone therapy to chemotherapy improved survival notably in patients with TP53 wild-type tumors, but not mutant, suggesting hormone therapy could eradicate arrested/senescent cells. Testing this, we found that estrogen receptor-positive, TP53 wild-type breast cancer cells that were made senescent by doxorubicin treatment were sensitive to tamoxifen. The poor survival of chemotherapy-treated patients with TP53 wild-type tumors may be improved by strategies to eliminate senescent cells, including the addition of hormone therapy when appropriate.
Nongreen revolution: a case study of wild-grown edible mushroom.

Mushroom’s biological content has a positive effect on human welfare which is called “nongreen revolution”. It has an economic and social component that provides long-term food nutrition, environmental conservation, and regeneration of valuable resources. This article provides evidence that mushrooms can be a healthy food alternative to meat. In this study, analyzed data was collected from Marmara region of Turkey using a survey method. A survey questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a total sample size of 408 participants. Linear regression model y = α + β1×1+β2×2 was administered to determine the relationship of the variables. Secondary data were also used for the literature of the study. The study revealed that the consumption of mushroom accounts for 13.2% of the consumption of meat at the time of mushroom collection period. Consequently, it showed also that for every 1% increase in consumption of two species of mushrooms (Lactarius semisanguifluus and Macrolepiota procera var.) meat consumption decreases (−4.39, −2.97%).
Signed Graph Convolutional Network

Due to the fact much of today's data can be represented as graphs, there has been a demand for generalizing neural network models for graph data. One recent direction that has shown fruitful results, and therefore growing interest, is the usage of graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs). They have been shown to provide a significant improvement on a wide range of tasks in network analysis, one of which being node representation learning. The task of learning low-dimensional node representations has shown to increase performance on a plethora of other tasks from link prediction and node classification, to community detection and visualization. Simultaneously, signed networks (or graphs having both positive and negative links) have become ubiquitous with the growing popularity of social media. However, since previous GCN models have primarily focused on unsigned networks (or graphs consisting of only positive links), it is unclear how they could be applied to signed networks due to the challenges presented by negative links. The primary challenges are based on negative links having not only a different semantic meaning as compared to positive links, but their principles are inherently different and they form complex relations with positive links. Therefore we propose a dedicated and principled effort that utilizes balance theory to correctly aggregate and propagate the information across layers of a signed GCN model. We perform empirical experiments comparing our proposed signed GCN against state-of-the-art baselines for learning node representations in signed networks. More specifically, our experiments are performed on four real-world datasets for the classical link sign prediction problem that is commonly used as the benchmark for signed network embeddings algorithms.
The use of serial cardiac 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography imaging to diagnose, monitor, and tailor treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis patients with arrhythmias: a case series and review.

Background Clinically evident cardiac involvement has been documented in 5% of sarcoidosis patients, primarily manifesting as heart block, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure. Heart Rhythm Society consensus guidelines recommend advanced cardiac imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, given endomyocardial biopsy's low sensitivity. Case summary We describe four patients with cardiac sarcoidosis diagnosed with FDG-PET scan performed using a standardized imaging protocol for cardiac sarcoidosis. Serial FDG-PET scans were performed to monitor disease progression and response to therapy. Patients 1 and 2 presented with heart block, Patient 3 with heart failure and ventricular tachycardia (VT), and Patient 4 with VT. Patient 1 showed an initial decrease in standard uptake value (SUV) on immunosuppression, followed by an increase in SUV, necessitating steroid therapy. Patient 2's SUV decreased on immunosuppression. Patient 3 required 3.5 years of immunosuppression for the SUV to decrease to inactive disease levels, with SUV increasing and decreasing at different times during treatment, and subsequently developed VT. For Patient 4, areas of inflammation on the initial scan matched low voltage areas on the patient's EP study, confirming the arrhythmia's pathophysiological basis. Discussion Cardiac sarcoidosis progression and response to therapy are heterogeneous. Serial FDG-PET scans are useful to diagnose disease, tailor therapy, and monitor the clinical course of disease, allowing treatment decisions to be based on the quantitative level of inflammation seen on FDG-PET.
Historical development of definitions of information literacy: A literature review of selected resources

Abstract This article traces the historical progression of Information Literacy (IL) definitions from 2000 to 2015 in the published literature on first-year seminar and freshman general education IL instruction in the U.S. This period roughly corresponds to the influence of the ACRL's Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education (Standards) on the work of LIS professionals and scholars in IL and information literacy instruction (ILI), prior to the adoption in January 2016 of the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (Framework). Following a brief look at the background of IL in Library and Information Science (LIS), the chronological development of IL definitions is examined using the three major categories of IL definitions based on Addison and Meyers' (2013) framework of IL definitions, and concludes with a discussion of limitations of Addison and Meyers' (2013) framework of IL definitions. The information presented here offers one perspective of viewing the development and history of IL in U.S. higher education.
CT Instrumentation Channel Error Correction Using Dynamic State Estimation

This paper presents a voltage transformer (VT) instrumentation channel error correction algorithm, with high potential for real-time implementation. The algorithm uses a high-fidelity model of the VT and an Unconstrained Weighted Least Squares (UWLS) Dynamic State Estimation (DSE) method to accurately estimate the VT primary voltage, correcting errors generated in the instrumentation channel. Specifically, the method involves obtaining discrete measurements of the VT secondary burden voltage through a continuous monitoring process. The VT primary voltage is then continuously estimated by the algorithm based on fitting the continuously obtained measurement samples to the high-fidelity VT model. The continuously estimated primary voltage can then be made readily available for metering, protection and control functions. The method is also applicable for Current Transformers (CT's). While the paper focuses on Protection-Class VT's, the method may also be adapted for Measurement-Class VT's. Furthermore, the method is implementable using Merging Units (MU) in digital substation architectures.
Performance Validity Testing in Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: Performance validity tests (PVTs) are designed to detect nonvalid responding on neuropsychological testing, but their associations with disease-specific and other factors are not well understood in multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined PVT performance among MS patients and associations with clinical characteristics, cognition, mood, and disability status. Method: Retrospective data analysis was conducted on a sample of patients with definite MS (n = 102) who were seen for a clinical neuropsychological evaluation. Comparison samples included patients with intractable epilepsy seen for presurgical workup (n = 102) and patients with nonacute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; n = 50). Patients completed the Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT) and validity cutoffs were defined as <16/24 and <18/24 on the hard items. Results: In this MS cohort, 14.4% of patients scored <16 on the VSVT hard items and 21.2% scored <18. VSVT hard item scores were associated with disability status and depression, but not with neuropsychological scores, T2 lesion burden, atrophy, disease duration, or MS subtype. Patients applying for disability benefits were 6.75 times more likely to score <18 relative to those who were not seeking disability. Rates of nonvalid scores were similar to the mTBI group and greater than the epilepsy group. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nonvalid VSVT scores are relatively common among MS patients seen for clinical neuropsychological evaluation. VSVT performance in this group relates primarily to disability status and psychological symptoms and does not reflect factors specific to MS (i.e., cognitive impairment, disease severity). Recommendations for future clinical and research practices are provided.
Chapter 12 – The Neonate and the New Parents

The newborn child (known as a neonate) is expelled into an unfamiliar and, in some ways, harsh environment. A few hours before birth, it is resting comfortably in a warm, quiet bath of amniotic fluid and is receiving its nutrition and oxygen from its mother. Suddenly, it is forced out of this peaceful existence and must adapt to life outside. It now must breathe with its lungs, obtain and digest external nutrient sources, urinate and defecate, and combat the microorganisms and fluctuating temperatures of its new environment. Also, it must develop behaviors that elicit care from others. Similarly, the mother has undergone a joyful yet stressful experience. She now must adjust to the marked physiological and anatomical changes of the postpartum (after birth) period and face the responsibilities, usually with her mate, of caring for a helpless infant. This chapter discusses the condition and care of the newborn and the adjustments of the parents to this new arrival.
Impact of Backbone Rigidity on the Thermomechanical Properties of Semiconducting Polymers with Conjugation Break Spacers

There remains a lack of fundamental understanding in the role of backbone rigidity on the thermomechanical properties of conjugated polymers. Here, we provide the first holistic approach to underst...