cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contraction force rate of polymer composites is linearly correlated with irradiance.

Abstract Objectives . The force developed during cure of a composite represents the potential loads that can be induced into the dental adhesive and tooth structure that in turn affects the integrity of the dental adhesive and tooth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dependence of polymerization contraction force development on light energy density (product of irradiance and time). Methods . Contraction force during polymerization was measured with a low compliance test fixture in which the composite specimen was placed between a glass plate and steel rod. The steel rod passed through a washer-type load cell that measured force development during cure. Six irradiance levels were evaluated as well as a ‘pulse-delay’ method. A generic composite consisting of a 1:1 blend of BisGMA and TEGDMA resin and 67 wt% unsilanated hybrid filler with 5 wt% fumed silica was used for all experiments. Contraction force was collected for 550 s. The first derivative of contraction force with respect to time (d F /d t ) was calculated. Net contraction force at 550 s and max[d F /d t ] was statistically analyzed as a function of irradiance and energy density (product of irradiance and time) with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results . Contraction force increased most rapidly immediately following light activation. Force resulting from the pulse-delay method was significantly different from all other methods ( p 2 was significantly different ( p 2 was significantly different from 100 and 200 mW/cm 2 . Maximum d F /d t (max[d F /d t ] over full range of time) was linearly related to irradiance, linear regression r 2 =0.98. All pairs of irradiance were significantly different except pulse-delay and 200–300 mW/cm 2 and 300 and 400 mW/cm 2 . Significance . The pulse-delay method demonstrated contraction force rates lower than what would be expected using energy considerations and lower force rates at each of the two light exposures than their single exposure counterparts. Since the adhesive resin and dentin are viscoelastic and thus strain rate dependent, time dependent contraction force should be an important consideration.
Optimal wafer probe testing and diagnosis of k-out-of-n structures

The authors investigate wafer probing strategies for the diagnosis of repairable VLSI and WSI (wafer scale integration) structures based on integrated diagnosis and repair. Knowledge of the repair strategy, the probability of each unit being good, and the expected test time each unit are used by the diagnosis algorithm to select units for wafer probe testing. The general problem is described followed by an examination of a specific case. Wafer probe diagnosis of k-out-of-n systems is analyzed and optimal diagnosis algorithms are derived. A compact representation of the optimal diagnosis scheme which needs O(n/sup 2/) space and can be generated in O(n/sup 2/) time is described. >
A comparative electron microscopic study of refractory and alcoholic sideroblastic anaemia.

Summary. A comparative electron microscope study of refractory and alcoholic sideroblastic anaemia has been performed. In all cases the mitochondria were infiltrated by dense clumps of iron which were located between the cristae in the matrix. Resolution of the clumps revealed the presence of a finely granular, threadlike precipitate. In alcoholic patients iron in the form of ferritin was found in cytoplasmic heterogeneous bodies. The latter, being rather numerous in one case, contribute to the positive Perls reaction. Based on their morphological diversity and resemblance to hepatic dense and lytic residual bodies, it is assumed that these bodies may be lysosomes involved in autophagy. Coated vesicles and smooth thick vesicles, with or without ferritin, were seen in all cases, as were ferritin aggregates.
Erp measures assay the degree of expectancy violation of harmonic contexts in music

Expectancy violations of a highly constrained musical context were studied by presenting subjects with a chord sequence (I, IV, V) that generated a strong expectancy for a specific final chord, and then completing the sequence with either a “best-possible” (Tonic), harmonically plausible (Minor), or harmonically implausible (Dissonant) resolution. Subjects determined whether it was the best-possible resolution, and in one-half of the trials made their decision known with an overt response. Several ERP waveform components showed differences among resolution types, response conditions, and electrode locations. Among the affected components were two subclasses of the P300, the first of which (P3a) was largest in response to the Dissonant in both response conditions at all electrode sites. The area and peak amplitude of the P3b varied at several electrode sites as a function of the degree of expectancy violation represented by the resolutions. The peak latency of the P3b component reflected the behavioral response time measurement in which the Tonic and Dissonant were identified 300 msec more quickly than the Minor. A comparison between frequency and timedomain data analyses demonstrates several parallels, and it is concluded that both can serve to investigate the perception and processing of the probability structure underlying musical events and contexts.
Alterations in blood-brain barrier glucose transport in SIV-infected macaques

The neurological manifestations of HIV infection may be in part due to alterations in the blood-brain barrier. These may be caused by structural changes in the barrier or may consist of subtle metabolic or biochemical disturbances in barrier function. In the CNS, the family of glucose transporter proteins plays a key role in controlling movement of glucose across cell membranes. The 55 kDa isoform of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) regulates import of glucose from blood to brain across the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), whereas the 45 kDa form of GLUT1 predominantly regulates nonvascular glial glucose uptake. In this study, expression of 55 and 45 kDa forms of GLUT1 in different regions of the brain from 18 SIV-infected macaques was measured by quantitative immunoblot and then compared with the severity of SIV encephalitis to determine whether neurologic disease is related to altered glucose metabolism at the BBB and in brain parenchyma. An inverse relationship was found between severity of SIV encephalitis and expression of the endothelial 55 kDa isoform of GLUT1 at the BBB in cortical grey matter, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum. A similar relationship also was found for the glial 45 kDa GLUT1 isoform in cortical grey matter. In addition, a significant increase in 55 kDa GLUT1 expression was found in caudate nucleus during the early stages of infection. In the brains of macaques with moderate to severe encephalitis, 55 kDa GLUT1 expression had declined to pre-infection levels. These GLUT1 alterations at the BBB and in glial cells may reflect severe disturbances in the CNS microenvironment that contribute to CNS dysfunction.
The treatment of sulphur mustard burns with laser debridement

Summary The chemical warfare agent, sulphur mustard (SM), is a potent blistering agent in man. Skin exposure can produce partial-thickness burns which take up to three months to heal. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of early laser ablation as a means of accelerating this exceptionally slow rate of healing. Four circular partial-thickness SM burns were induced on the dorsum of nine large white pigs (under general anaesthesia). At 72h post-exposure, three burns per animal were ablated with a single pass of an UltraPulse 5000C CO 2 laser, at a fluence of 5–6Jcm −2 . All the burns were dressed with silver sulphadiazine and a semi-occlusive dressing. At one, two and three weeks post-surgery three animals were culled and all lesions excised for histological analysis. Burn depth was confirmed and measurements of the radii of regenerative epithelium were performed allowing the area of the zone of re-epithelialisation in each lesion to be calculated. Laser-treated lesions showed a significant increase (350%) in healing rates compared to controls ( p These data suggest that laser ablation may be effective in the treatment of partial-thickness SM-induced skin injury.
Characterization of oncogenic pathways linked with T cell exclusion in urothelial bladder cancer

Meeting abstracts Response to immunotherapies and improved survival are linked to a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment, which is characterized by expression of a chemokine and type I interferon gene signature and the presence of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells. In urothelial bladder cancer,
Polarization Aberrations In The SAMEX Solar Vector Magnetograph

An optical design and polarization analysis of the Air Force/NASA SAMEX solar vector magnetograph optical system is performed. Polarization aberration theory demonstrates that conventional telescope coating designs introduce unacceptably high levels of polarization aberrations into the optical sytem. Several ultra-low polarization mirror and lens coatings designs for this instrument are discussed. Balancing of polarization aberrations at different surfaces is demonstrated.
Exposure Management (Minimization and Control of Collective Dose)

Radiation exposures to personnel must be adequately controlled and maintained to ensure compliance with established administrative and regulatory dose limits. Accordingly, various control measures are established to routinely monitor, track, and trend personnel exposures. The primary objective of a LWR radiation protection program is to maintain the radiological safety of plant employees. A key element of this objective is to prevent any unnecessary exposure and to minimize necessary exposure associated with operation and maintenance activities. This concept is promulgated by international radiation protection societies and the radiation protection community in general. The system of dose limitation established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in Publication 26 in 1987, and continued in subsequent reports, recommends that any practice involving exposure to radiation produce a positive net benefit and that all exposures be kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) while considering the associated economic and social factors.
Gas-Enabled Resonance and Rectified Motion of a Piston in a Vibrated Housing Filled With a Viscous Liquid

Herein, we show how introducing a small amount of gas can completely change the motion of a solid object in a viscous liquid during vibration. We analyze an idealized system exhibiting this behavior: a piston moving in a liquid-filled housing, where the gaps between the piston and the housing are narrow and depend on the piston position. Recent experiments have shown that vibration causes some gas to move below the piston and the piston to subsequently move downward and compress its supporting spring. Herein, we analyze the analogous but simpler situation in which the gas regions are replaced by bellows with similar pressure-volume relationships. We show that these bellows form a spring (analogous to the pneumatic spring formed by the gas regions) which enables the piston and the liquid to oscillate in a mode that does not exist without this spring. This mode is referred to here as the Couette mode because the liquid in the gaps moves essentially in Couette flow (i.e., with almost no component of Poiseuille flow). Since Couette flow by itself produces extremely low damping, the Couette mode has a strong resonance. We show that, near this resonance, the dependence of the gap geometry on themore » piston position produces a large rectified (net) force on the piston during vibration. As a result, this force can be much larger than the piston weight and the strength of its supporting spring and is in the direction that decreases the flow resistance of the gap geometry.« less
PAIR PROCESSES IN COHERENT OPTICAL INTERACTIONS

Recent work indicates that an interesting class of nonlinear optical phenomena exists in which weak electronic coupling between clusters of a few atoms has an important influence on coherent optical interactions. In this paper we consider primarily pair-pumped upconversion lasing, optical suppression of the Van der Waal's force, seven-line resonance fluorescence spectra in stationary pair systems, two-atom coherence and dark processes in four-wave mixing spectroscopy.
Rural Educational Problems in Relation to New Trends in Population Distribution

lished in a day after a period of misdirected efforts ending in a great national disaster. But the importance of acting in accordance with well formulated long-range plans is becoming increasingly apparent. Perhaps the really dangerous radical is the person who insists that nothing must be done about the maladjustment of population to resources. If he has his way, the complexion of our population would change significantly, and for the worse. The consequences for democracy, for economic security, for the preservation of civil liberties, I leave to your imagination. The vicious circle to which I referred earlier can be broken, but it will take time, enormous effort, and all the intelligence and humanity of which Americans are capable. The goal is nothing less than that of raising the standards of living in those areas where population already presses hard upon resources. The methods chosen to accomplish this end will have to be as various as the areas themselves and the people living there. At this time, certainly, no one can be dogmatic about how best to proceed, or unduly optimistic about the probable rate of progress. He can only keep at the task persistently, patiently, and as wisely as possible, always conscious of American ways of effecting fundamental changes, and always clinging to a characteristically American faith in his fellowman.
Spectroscopic and theoretical investigation of a complex with an [O═Fe(IV)-O-Fe(IV)═O] core related to methane monooxygenase intermediate Q.

Previous efforts to model the diiron(IV) intermediate Q of soluble methane monooxygenase have led to the synthesis of a diiron(IV) TPA complex, 2, with an O=FeIV–O–FeIV–OH core that has two ferromagnetically coupled Sloc = 1 sites. Addition of base to 2 at −85 °C elicits its conjugate base 6 with a novel O═FeIV–O–FeIV═O core. In frozen solution, 6 exists in two forms, 6a and 6b, that we have characterized extensively using Mossbauer and parallel mode EPR spectroscopy. The conversion between 2 and 6 is quantitative, but the relative proportions of 6a and 6b are solvent dependent. 6a has two equivalent high-spin (Sloc = 2) sites, which are antiferromagnetically coupled; its quadrupole splitting (0.52 mm/s) and isomer shift (0.14 mm/s) match those of intermediate Q. DFT calculations suggest that 6a assumes an anti conformation with a dihedral O═Fe–Fe═O angle of 180°. Mossbauer and EPR analyses show that 6b is a diiron(IV) complex with ferromagnetically coupled Sloc = 1 and Sloc = 2 sites to give total spin S...
Marketing Strategy: New Directions for Theory and Research:

New directions for marketing strategy are proposed, aimed at overcoming the current limitations of marketing theory. An integrated strategic marketing planning approach is offered, together with a ...
PENETRATION MODELING OF CERAMIC AND METAL TARGETS

Examining the centerline momentum balance with assumed velocity fields has proven to be very effective in analyzing penetration problems. Models based on this technique inherently include transient effects. This survey paper presents analytic models for both metal and ceramic targets, and then compares with experiment and large scale numerical simulation. INTRODUCTION Recently, a technique has been introduced that gives remarkably good results in modeling projectile penetration of targets. This technique is to integrate the momentum balance along the centerline. Velocity profiles are assumed in both the target and the projectile in order to carry out the integration. In order to determine the shear stress response required in the integral, it is also necessary to assume a constitutive model for the target material and a three-dimensional velocity field within the target This technique was first applied to metal targets being penetrated by long rods [1], and has subsequently been successfully applied to thick ceramic targets [2,3] and to thin targets comprised of thin ceramic tiles backed by thin substrates [4]. The constitutive models for target response that have been successfully analyzed to date with this method include von Mises plasticity [1], with a constant flow stress, and also a Drucker-Prager yield criterion with a cutoff [3]:
Electroluminescence and carrier transport in LEDs based on silicon-rich silicon oxide

LEDs based on silicon-rich silicon oxide (SRSO) have been fabricated utilizing thermal oxidation of electrochemically etched c-Si and standard microelectronic processes including LPCVD, photolithography, ion implantation and metallization. The bipolar devices consist of heavily-doped polycrystalline Si, a transition layer made of oxidized mesoporous Si, an active SRSO layer (doped or intrinsic) and a crystalline Si substrate. The LED’s electrical properties exhibit a low interface state density which is explained by the partial filling of the micropores within the transition layer by polycrystalline Si. The dominant carrier transport in SRSO is due to thermally-assisted tunneling at low fields and electric field-assisted (Fowler-Nordheim) tunneling at high fields. The electroluminescence (EL) is stable and the EL modulation is limited by the carrier transition time (not by the carrier lifetime) which explains the high modulation speed (≥ 10 MHz). We have fabricated a prototype alphanumeric 7-segment display with an isolated version of the LEDs and standard microelectronic processing techniques.
JAMIE: A Software Tool for Jointly Analyzing Multiple ChIP-chip Experiments

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by genome tiling array hybridization (ChIP-chip) is a powerful approach to map transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Similar to other high-throughput genomic technologies, ChIP-chip often produces noisy data. Distinguishing signals from noise in these data is challenging. ChIP-chip data in public databases are rapidly growing. It is becoming more and more common that scientists can find multiple data sets for the same transcription factor in different biological contexts or data for different transcription factors in the same biological context. When these related experiments are analyzed together, binding site detection can be improved by borrowing information across data sets. This chapter introduces a computational tool JAMIE for Jointly Analyzing Multiple ChIP-chip Experiments. JAMIE is based on a hierarchical mixture model, and it is implemented as an R package. Simulation and real data studies have shown that it can significantly increase sensitivity and specificity of TFBS detection compared to existing algorithms. The purpose of this chapter is to describe how the JAMIE package can be used to perform the integrative data analysis.
Changes in nutrition support services between 1984 and 1986.

Reports of the economic impact of diagnosis-related group funding on staffing and patient care in hospitals have varied from optimistic to bleak. The Dietitians in Nutrition Support Practice Group of The American Dietetic Association developed a questionnaire to evaluate changes in nutrition support services provided to inpatients and home patients between 1984 and 1986. The written survey instrument was mailed toclinical nutrition managers at a nationwide random selection of 1,000 hospital members ofthe American Hospital Association. Two hundred thirty-six responses were received. Respondents reported an increase in the use of enteral nutrition support for inpatients between1984 and 1986. In 1986, tertiary-care hospitals also reported greater use of parenteral nutrition support and tube feeding for inpatients and home patients than did primary-care hospitals. Tertiary-care hospitals also reported higher staffing in 1986 than did primary-care hospitals in the following areas: clinical, nutrition support, and outpatient dietitians and dietetic technicians. Greater use of enteral and parenteral support for inpatients was noted by large hospitals as well as greater staffing in the following areas: clinical managers; nutrition support, clinical, outpatient, and home care dietitians; and dietetic technicians. However, the ratio of patients to RDs was greater in large than in small hospitals. There was no significant difference in patient:RD ratio between tertiary-care and primary-care hospitals. The only difference between responses from for-profit and nonprofit hospitals was in the number of nutrition support RD positions, which was largerin the nonprofit hospitals. Utilization of nutrition support for inpatients or home patients was not different for hospitals in different profit categories.J Am Diet Assoc 89:1452-1457, 1989.
TU-D-201-10: Ethics and Discriminatory Behavior in the MedPhys Match

Purpose: To investigate behaviors that may be in conflict with ethical standards of the Medical Physics Residency (MedPhys) Match process and with best practices for adhering to non-discrimination regulations of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Methods: A confidential survey was sent to registered applicants and program directors for the 2014/2015 MedPhys Match. Survey questions included demographics, application, interview and post-interview experiences, match results, and overall satisfaction with the process. Results: Of the 402 candidates emailed, 109 completed the survey. 48% of the respondents did match with a residency position in 2015. Of the 77 program directors emailed, 42 completed the survey. Selected results of the surveys are included. 69% of candidate respondents indicated that they were asked during interviews where else they were interviewing; 31.7% of those respondents indicated that they were uncomfortable or very uncomfortable answering. 40% of candidate respondents (39% of males, 41% of females) indicated that they were asked about their marital or relationship status. 23% of the respondents (19% of males, 33% of females) indicated that they were asked about children or plans to have children. 57% who were asked this question (27% of males, 89% of females) indicated that they were uncomfortable/very uncomfortable answering. 29% were told by a program that they were “ranked to match” or told their rank prior to the match deadline. Only 13% indicated that they were asked by a program how highly they were going to rank that program or asked which program they would rank number one. Among that 13%, 64% indicated that they were uncomfortable/very uncomfortable answering. Conclusion: In the inaugural year of the MedPhys Match, there were instances of ethical violations and discriminatory interviewing. Training on the Match rules and EEOC guidelines can decrease these instances and thereby increase the fairness of the residency selection process.
Domains, patterns, reuse, and the software process

The business world of today is characterized by very rapidly changing business conditions that require rapid responses. The responses can be rapid only if we understand how to use models of the domain in which the business operates. Unfortunately there is considerable confusion regarding domain analysis, which seems to be due to the complex structure of a realistic domain model. In an attempt to remove some of the confusion, we establish a framework for defining this structure, and propose a software development process based on the structure. Our main contribution is the identification of three aspects of domain analysis, namely domain partitioning, refinement of domain models, and analysis of situations. Our emphasis is on how domain analysis can help software reuse.
Progressive Brain Atrophy in Super-refractory Status Epilepticus.

Importance Prolonged seizures in super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) have been shown to cause neuronal death and reorganization, and visual inspection in individual case studies has demonstrated progressive cortical and subcortical atrophy. At present, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that evaluate brain atrophy in SRSE are lacking. Objectives To document and quantify the development of atrophy over time in SRSE. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective medical record review included all patients with SRSE who were admitted to a tertiary referral campus of the Mayo Clinic Hospital with SRSE from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2013. Patients with (1) an initial MRI scan performed within 2 weeks of SRSE onset, (2) a second MRI scan within 6 months of SRSE resolution, and (3) a minimum duration of 1 week between MRI scans were included. The ventricular brain ratio (VBR) was measured on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images at disease onset and during follow-up. Measurements were performed on axial FLAIR images with section thickness of less than 5 mm. The plane immediately superior to the caudate head was chosen for analysis. The hypothesis that atrophy develops during SRSE despite seizure control (electroencephalogram background suppression with anesthetic drugs) was tested. Data were analyzed from June 1 to December 31, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Change in VBR (ΔVBR) as a percentage of the starting measure. Results Nineteen patients met the inclusion criteria; these included 10 men (53%) and 9 women (47%) with a median age of 41 (interquartile range [IQR], 25-68) years. Anesthetic agents were required for a median of 13 (IQR, 5-37) days. Initial MRI was performed a median of 2 (IQR, 1-7.5) days from the onset of SRSE, and the second MRI was performed a median of 11 (IQR, 5-15.5) days from the resolution of SRSE, with a median of 40 (IQR, 15-65) days between MRI scans. Median ΔVBR was 23.3% (IQR, 10.5%-70.3%). A significant correlation between the duration of anesthetic agent use and ΔVBR was found (Spearman r = 0.54; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance Atrophy developed in all patients with SRSE who underwent serial imaging, despite administration of agents for seizure control. The degree of atrophy appears to be related to the duration of SRSE.
Non-DLVO colloidal interactions: specific ion effects explained by ion-hydration forces

One of the main shortcomings of the traditional DLVO theory is its inability to predict specific ionic effects. These effects are sometimes much stronger than what the excluded volume effects (examined in the previous chapter) can explain.
How Do We Recognise Problems

This article approaches Gilles Deleuze's notion of problems through a series of thinkers Deleuze draws on in developing this notion: Heidegger, Plato, Kant, Bergson and Nietzsche. Taking these thinkers as its guide, it sketches six broad characteristics that accompany an investment in problems, ultimately arguing that problems are attained through the activity of critique. It echoes Deleuze's essay ‘How Do We Recognise Structuralism?’ by asking: for whom do problems exist? What does Deleuze recognise in those who recognise problems? And what do those who recognise problems make visible for us?
Synthesis of Core@Shell Nanostructures in a Continuous Flow Droplet Reactor: Controlling Structure through Relative Flow Rates

Bimetallic nanostructures are primarily synthesized in small volume batches. However, droplet-based reactors are receiving attention due to their ability to maintain thermal and compositional equilibrium within and between droplets, enabling flow operations for inline analyses and the scale-up of nanomaterial syntheses. Here, the syntheses of shape-controlled core@shell Au@Pd nanostructures with variable shell thicknesses are reported through control of the relative flow rates of reagents within the microreactor. Specifically, Pd shells were grown on cubic or octahedral Au seeds, selected as a model system. In batch reactions, shell thickness is determined by precursor concentration; however, as shown here, precursor feedstock concentration can be held constant, with the precursor concentration within the droplets being controlled through relative flow rates. This approach allows process conditions to be modified inline rather than from batch to batch to achieve particles with different shell thicknesses,...
Computers and Beyond in the Career Decision-Making Process.

The author of this article explores the evolution of computer-assisted assessment, including a specific example of videodisk technology used to enhance career decision making.
Social media use, personality characteristics, and social isolation among young adults in the United States

Abstract Although increased social media use (SMU) has been linearly associated with increased real-life social isolation (SI), it is unknown whether these associations differ by personality characteristics. With a nationally-representative sample of 1768 U.S. young adults aged 19–32, we assessed SI using a 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scale, and personality using the 10-item Big Five Inventory. Using ordered logistic regression, we evaluated multivariable associations between SMU, personality characteristics, and SI. Extraversion and agreeableness were associated with lower odds of SI, while neuroticism was associated with higher odds. A significant interaction term demonstrated that the association between SMU and SI differed by conscientiousness. Among those with low conscientiousness, compared with the lowest quartile of SMU, those in the highest quartile had more than three times the odds (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.99, 5.15) for increased SI, but there was no significant association among the high conscientiousness group. Interaction terms between SMU and the other four personality characteristics were not significant. Conscientious individuals may approach social media in a way that helps maintain good face-to-face social interactions, reducing perceived SI.
Determining Burden of Commuting for Treatment Using Online Mapping Services - A Study of Breast Cancer Patients

For patients with breast cancer who must frequent medical centers for care, commuting is a significant burden. This burden could affect their decisions during treatment. We developed a method to use census tracts and zip codes to determine commuting burden for patients with breast cancer with online mapping services, while protecting patient addresses from third parties. We found that patients who lived farther from Vanderbilt had fewer unique appointment days and more appointments scheduled per day. Total burden decreased over time after diagnosis, but advanced stage patients had sustained high levels of commute time until ten months after diagnosis. Additionally, we found that patients who lived far from Vanderbilt were less likely to receive radiotherapy from Vanderbilt. With the amount of work patients put into traveling for care, understanding commuting burden could help healthcare organizations form strategies to improve access to care and compliance with care plans.
Bramble Dried Leaf Volatiles

SUMMARY Leaves from named cultivars of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), black raspberry (R. occidentalis) and blackberry (R. laciniatus) from plants grown in a greenhouse environment were harvested, air dried and extracted in a Likens-Nickerson apparatus. The resulting volatiles were analyzed by GC/MS. A total of 20 peaks was observed with blackberry, whereas red and black raspberry had 10 and 12 peaks, respectively. The major volatiles in all three cultivars were 1-octene-3-ol, linalool and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol. Other compounds identified included hexanal, n-butanol, myrcene, α-terpinene, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-8-ocimene, octanal, terpinolene, decanal, benzaldehyde, dihydrolinalool, 6-methylheptanol, octanol and (E)-2-nonenal.
Hybrid Precoding with Finite-Size Codebooks for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems

The large available spectrum at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies can enable the gigabit-per- second data rates needed for next generation wireless systems. To compensate for the high propagation loss at mmWave, a large number of antennas are usually employed to enable beamforming. However, the frequency spectrum can be more efficiently utilized through spatial multiplexing. In conventional multi-antenna systems implemented at lower frequencies, spatial multiplexing is realized by baseband digital precoding. Considering the high power consumption of mixed-signal devices at mmWave, a hybrid analog/digital precoding structure is more attractive, where a large number of antennas share only a few RF chains. This structure limits the flexibility in precoding/combining, because the options for the analog precoder/combiner are usually constrained by the finite-size of the codebooks. In this paper, we propose a new metric, singular space coverage, for selecting analog precoding/combining vectors from the predefined codebooks. We propose three algorithms to select analog precoding/combining vectors that maximize this metric. Compared with the orthogonal matching pursuit based algorithms, our algorithms achieve higher spectral efficiency when using smaller-size codebooks, which are of great interest for simplifying the system structure and reducing the beamsteering training overhead.
Borderline Personality Organization, Structural Diagnosis and the Structural Interview.

Kernberg has related the level of integration of the personality to the level of integration (and "structuring") of internalized object relations. He has designated three levels of personality organization: neurotic, borderline, and psychotic, and has developed a specially focused clinical interview designed to reveal intrapsychic structural characteristics--a "structural interview"--as a diagnostic instrument to differentiate the three types of personality organization. This study presents a method of analysis of the structural interview. Interviews of ten hospitalized psychiatric patients were studied to determine whether indicators could be retrieved from the typescripts of the interviews consonant with the diagnoses made by clinicians utilizing Kernberg's structural theory. Results indicate that scores generated from the typescripts are consistent with the hypothesis that the interviews did contain the indicators called for by structural theory and differentiate borderline from psychotic structures better than chance. In addition, this method of analysis of contingencies of interaction in the interview may have broader application to the study of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis.
Membrane Constituencies and Receptor Subtype Contribute to Age-Related Increases in Vulnerability to Oxidative Stress

Since the populations of many countries are increasing in age, with all the attendant age-related functional alterations increasing in frequency, delineation of the mechanism(s) involved in neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction, especially in diseases that increase in incidence as a function of age, has become extremely important. This is particularly true in the case of neuronal dysfunction and associated behavioral changes (i.e., decrements in memory and motor behavior functions). It should be noted here that these changes can occur even in the absence of specific age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, very little is known about the mechanisms involved in these age-related declines in memory and motor functions, and attempts to reverse or retard their decline have been, with very few exceptions, singularly unsuccessful. However there is a great deal of evidence which suggests the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in these declines.
Simvastatin treatment in surgically induced brain injury in rats.

BACKGROUND HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins) have been shown to reduce blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and improve neurologic outcome in cerebrovascular disorders. Brain injury due to neurosurgical procedures can lead to post-operative complications such as brain edema and altered neurologic function. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether simvastatin reduces brain edema by preventing BBB disruption and improves neurologic status after surgically-induced brain injury (SBI). METHODS Animals were pretreated for seven days with vehicle or simvastatin i.p. daily, after which they underwent SBI. Neurologic evaluation was assessed at 24 hours post-SBI and the animals were sacrificed for brain water content calculation and BBB evaluation. FINDINGS Brain water content was significantly increased in the right frontal lobe in all SBI groups as compared to the left frontal lobe. There was no significant difference in brain water content in the right frontal lobe between simvastatin and vehicle treated groups. Evans blue testing did not show a significant difference in disruption of the BBB between groups. Neurologic scores were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin did not reduce brain water content, protect the BBB, or improve neurologic scores after SBI.
Multicentre, blinded, randomised clinical trial comparing the use of flunixin meglumine with firocoxib in horses with small intestinal strangulating obstruction.

Background Small intestinal strangulating obstruction (SISO) is associated with endotoxaemia which leads to an increased risk of death. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat signs of endotoxaemia by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenases (COX). COX-1 is expressed constitutively and promotes gut barrier function, whereas COX-2 is inducible and contributes to the signs of endotoxaemia. In preclinical SISO trials, intestinal barrier recovery was more complete with reductions in endotoxin permeability in horses treated with COX-2 selective NSAIDs as compared with horses treated with flunixin meglumine. Objectives We hypothesised that treatment of post-surgical SISO horses with firocoxib (COX-2 selective) would reduce the signs of endotoxaemia to a greater extent than flunixin meglumine (nonselective COX inhibitor) while continuing to provide similar levels of pain control. Study design Blinded randomised clinical trial. Methods In addition to clinical monitoring, preoperative and 12-, 24- and 48-h post-operative plasma samples were assessed for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), thromboxane B2 (TXB2 ), TNF⍺ and soluble CD14 (sCD14). Results In 56 recruited SISO horses, either flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg, i.v., q12h) or firocoxib (0.3 mg/kg, i.v. loading dose; 0.1 mg/kg, i.v., q24h) was given in the post-operative period in three university hospitals from 2015 to 2017. COX-2 selectivity was confirmed by a relative lack of inhibition of the COX-1 prostanoid TXB2 by firocoxib and significant inhibition by flunixin meglumine (P = 0.014). Both drugs inhibited the COX-2 prostanoid PGE2 . There were no significant differences in pain scores between groups (P = 0.2). However, there was a 3.23-fold increased risk (P = 0.04) of increased plasma sCD14 in horses treated with flunixin meglumine, a validated biomarker of equine endotoxaemia. Main limitations Horses were all treated with flunixin meglumine prior to referral. In addition, many horses were treated with lidocaine, which has been shown to mitigate the deleterious effects of flunixin meglumine. Conclusions In SISO cases, firocoxib reduced a biomarker of endotoxaemia as compared with flunixin meglumine while continuing to provide similar levels of pain control.
Hyperspectral vegetation identification at a legacy underground nuclear explosion test site

The detection, location, and identification of suspected underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) are global security priorities that rely on integrated analysis of multiple data modalities for uncertainty reduction in event analysis. Vegetation disturbances may provide complementary signatures that can confirm or build on the observables produced by prompt sensing techniques such as seismic or radionuclide monitoring networks. For instance, the emergence of non-native species in an area may be indicative of anthropogenic activity or changes in vegetation health may reflect changes in the site conditions resulting from an underground explosion. Previously, we collected high spatial resolution (10 cm) hyperspectral data from an unmanned aerial system at a legacy underground nuclear explosion test site and its surrounds. These data consist of visible and near-infrared wavebands over 4.3 km2 of high desert terrain along with high spatial resolution (2.5 cm) RGB context imagery. In this work, we employ various spectral detection and classification algorithms to identify and map vegetation species in an area of interest containing the legacy test site. We employed a frequentist framework for fusing multiple spectral detections across various reference spectra captured at different times and sampled from multiple locations. The spatial distribution of vegetation species is compared to the location of the underground nuclear explosion. We find a difference in species abundance within a 130 m radius of the center of the test site.
Intraspecific variation of Megalonychid sloths from Hispaniola and the taxonomic implications

Megalonychid sloth fossils have been found on numerous islands across the Antilles, with most associated with the Greater Antilles. New specimens from the Dominican Republic permit exploration of i...
Metastases to the Adrenal Gland

Tumors metastatic to the adrenal gland are more common than primary adrenal tumors. Understanding the histologic spectrum of primary adrenal tumors as well as the immunophenotype enables differentiation of tumors metastatic to the adrenal gland. Adrenal cortical tumors are positive for the broad-spectrum neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin, but negative for chromogranin. This enables differentiation of adrenal cortical tumors from adrenal medullary tumors and neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the adrenal glands. Mart-1/MelanA is very helpful in identifying adrenal cortical tumors and differentiating them from metastases. Adrenal cortical tumors show immunopositivity for Mart-1/MelanA and are negative for S100, enabling distinction from malignant melanoma.
Evaluation of a Standardized Cardiac Athletic Screening for National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Athletes.

Author(s): Fischetti, Chanel; Kamyszek, Reed W.; Shaheen, Stephen; Oshlag, Benjamin; Banks, Adam; Blood, AJ; Bytomski, Jeffrey R.; Boggess, Blake; Lahham, Shadi | Abstract: Introduction: Sudden cardiac death is a rare cause of death in young athletes. Current screening techniques include history and physical exam (H and P), with or without an electrocardiogram (ECG). Adding point of care cardiac ultrasound has demonstrated benefits, but there is limited data about implementing this technology. We evaluated the feasibility of adding ultrasound to preparticipation screening for collegiate athletes.Methods: We prospectively enrolled 42 collegiate athletes randomly selected from several sports. All athletes were screened using a 14-point H and P based on 2014 American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, ECG, and cardiac ultrasound.Results: We screened 11 female and 31 male athletes. On ultrasound, male athletes demonstrated significantly larger interventricular septal wall thickness (p = 0.002), posterior wall thickness (p l0.001) and aortic root breadth (p = 0.002) compared to females. Based on H and P and ECGs alone and a combination of H and P with ECG, no athletes demonstrated a positive screening for cardiac abnormalities. However, with combined H and P, ECG, and cardiac ultrasound, one athlete demonstrated positive findings.Conclusions: We believe that adding point of care ultrasound to the preparticipation exam of college athletes is feasible. This workflow may provide a model for athletic departments’ screening.
The impact of sialylation linkage-type on the pharmacokinetics of recombinant butyrylcholinesterases

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells typically produce glycoproteins with N-glycans terminating in α-2,3 sialylation. Human cells produce glycoproteins that include α-2,3 and α-2,6 sialic acids. To examine the impact of altering protein sialylation on pharmacokinetic properties, recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was produced in CHO cells by knocking out the α-2,3 sialyltransferase genes followed by overexpression of the α-2,6 sialyltransferase (26BChE) enzyme. The N-glycan composition of 26BChE was compared to BChE with α-2,3 sialylation (23BChE) derived from wild-type CHO cells. Both 23BChE and 26BChE exhibited comparable antennarity distributions with bi-antennary di-sialylated glycans representing the most abundant glycoform. CD-1 mice were intravenously injected with the 23BChE or 26BChE, and residual BChE activities from blood collected at various time points for pharmacokinetic analyses. Although 23BChE contained a slightly lower initial sialylation level compared to 26BChE, the molecule exhibited higher residual activity between 5 and 24 hr postinjection. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that 23BChE exhibited an increase in area under the curve and a lower volume of distribution at steady state than that of 26BChE. These findings suggest that the type of sialylation linkage may play a significant role in the pharmacokinetic behavior of a biotherapeutic when tested in in vivo animal models.
From moral panic to systemic change: Making child-centered design the default

Abstract Academic scholarship and public discourse about children’s digital media use often invokes concepts such as ‘screen time’ that place the locus of responsibility on individual users and families rather than on designers creating digital environments. In this vision article, we argue that research, design, and policy frameworks that assume individual responsibility contribute to intensive parenting messaging about children’s media use, are less likely than systemic approaches to achieve population-level change, and produce inequities in children’s access to positive, child-centered media. Platforms (e.g., app marketplaces, video streaming services) act as entry points for children’s use of digital spaces, and their designs shape children’s digital experiences. As such, platforms are an ideal point of intervention for systemic change and have the potential to create equitable and child-centered digital environments at an ecosystem level. We contend that policies that encourage platforms to establish child-centered design as the default user interface will both create better experiences for children and relieve pressure on parents as gatekeepers. Finally, we review the types of research questions that could measure and optimize platforms for their impact on child wellbeing and outline steps researchers can take to provide evidence-based guidance to industry about designing ecosystems for children’s best interests.
Third Factors in Language Variation and Change

In this pioneering study, a world-renowned generative syntactician explores the impact of phenomena known as 'third factors' on syntactic change. Generative syntax has in recent times incorporated third factors – factors not specific to the language faculty – into its framework, including minimal search, labelling, determinacy and economy. Van Gelderen's study applies these principles to language change, arguing that change is a cyclical process, and that third factor principles must combine with linguistic information to fully account for the cyclical development of 'optimal' language structures. Third Factor Principles also account for language variation around that-trace phenomena, CP-deletion, and the presence of expletives and Verb-second. By linking insights from recent theoretical advances in generative syntax to phenomena from language variation and change, this book provides a unique perspective, making it essential reading for academic researchers and students in syntactic theory and historical linguistics.