cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of Student Paper Sources Improves after Individual Consultation with Librarians

Objective – To determine whether the quality of sources used for a research paper will improve after a student receives one-on-one instruction with a librarian. To test citation analysis and a rating scale as means for measuring effectiveness of one-on-one consultations. Design – Citation analysis. Setting – Academic library of a large American university. Subjects – Papers from 10 courses were evaluated. In total, 76 students were asked to meet with librarians. Of these, 61 actually participated. Another 36 students from the control group were not asked to meet with a librarian (although 1 partook in a consultation). Methods – Librarians invited faculty to participate in a new service to help improve quality of student research papers. Eligible courses included those with a required research paper component where papers could be evaluated at different times in the project. Faculty instructed students in the class to meet with the librarian after a first draft of a paper was written. Students from seven courses were asked to meet with a librarian. Courses included English Composition (2), Geography (1), Child Development (1), Occupational Therapy (1), Marketing (1) and Women Writers (1). Three courses acted as control groups (all English Composition). After meeting with students to make recommendations, librarians used a rating scale (measuring relevancy, authority, appropriate dates and scope) to review the quality of sources in both drafts and final papers. Main Results – One-on-one consultations with a librarian resulted in sources being of a higher quality in the final paper. With the exception of authority, the differences between draft and final paper were statistically significant in all measures (overall quality, relevance, dates and scope). Those in the control group showed no improvement in quality of sources between draft and final paper. Conclusion – Quality of sources in final paper improves after one-on-one consultations with librarians. The use of a rating scale is helpful in objectively measuring quality of sources, although there is potential for subjective interpretation.
The navigation system of the JPL robot

The control structure of the JPL research robot and the operations of the navigation subsystem are discussed. The robot functions as a network of interacting concurrent processes distributed among several computers and coordinated by a central executive. The results of scene analysis are used to create a segmented terrain model in which surface regions are classified by traversibility. The model is used by a path-planning algorithm, PATH, which uses tree search methods to find the optimal path to a goal. In PATH, the search space is defined dynamically as a consequence of node testing. Maze-solving and the use of an associative data base for context-dependent node generation are also discussed. Execution of a planned path is accomplished by a feedback guidance process with automatic error recovery.
Transient renal dysfunction of the neonate.

We recently observed three neonates with transient oliguric acute renal failure associated with characteristic ultrasonographic findings. Their clinical courses, laboratory values, and ultrasonographic findings are discussed. The purpose of this report is to alert those who care for newborn infants to this entity of transient renal dysfunction and its characteristic ultrasonographic findings in the kidney. CASE REPORTS Case 1 A full-term girl weighed 3,770 g at birth and was delivered by vacuum extraction because of shoulder dystocia. Her mother9s pregnancy was complicated by premature rupture of membranes of greater than 24 hours9 duration and maternal fever with amnionitis at delivery. At birth the baby had a weak cry, decreased tone, and Apgar scores of 6 and 8, at one and five minutes, respectively.
Irrigation Projections in Georgia's Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa and Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Basins: 1995–2020

In this study, we use an ecreage-response model to complementthe 1995 USDA/NRCS study of water demand in agriculture in theACF river basin of Georgia through the year 2020. Due to priceeffects, our results show that cotton, peanuts, vegetables andorchards receive a larger fraction of irrigation than they do inthe NRCS model, while corn receives significantly less. Inaddition, we model peanut acreage as quasi-fixed in order toreflect agricultural policies, which further increases the shareof irrigation applied to cotton, orchards, and vegetables. Wecombine our estimated model with the results of the NRCS studyto determine the implicit future prices assumed in the NRCSmodel.
Book Review: The Myth of Law and Literature

In The Myth of Moral Justice, Thane Rosenbaum generates an ambitious and idealistic plan for a rapprochement between law and morality, between emotion and reason, and between law and its literary representations. Laudable and inspiring, Rosenbaum's project remains flawed in several ways that are traceable back to his reliance on aspects of law and literature scholarship. Unfortunately, Rosenbaum's attempt to replace the myth of moral justice with a truly moral legal system depends itself on a particular set of myths about law and literature. After examining two recent critiques of the law and literature movement, one from the vantage point of law and the other from the perspective of literary studies, this review suggests an alternative approach that would attend to law's institutional dimensions.
From Bonding Asymmetry to Anharmonic Rattling in Cu12Sb4S13 Tetrahedrites: When Lone‐Pair Electrons Are Not So Lonely

Some of the best thermoelectrics are complex materials with rattling guests inside oversized atomic cages. Understanding the chemical and structural origins of the rattling behavior is essential to the design of thermoelectric materials. In this work, a clear connection is established between the local bonding asymmetry and anharmonic rattling modes in tetrahedrite thermoelectrics, enabled by the chemically active electron lone pairs. The studies reveal a five-atom atomic cage Sb[CuS3]Sb in Cu12Sb4S13 tetrahedrites that exhibits strong local bonding asymmetry: covalent bonding inside the CuS3 trigonal plane and weak out-of-plane bonding induced by the lone-pair electrons of Sb. This bonding asymmetry leads to out-of-plane rattling modes that are quasilocalized and anharmonic with low frequency and large amplitude, and are likely the origin of low thermal conductivity in tetrahedrites. Such knowledge highlights the importance of local structure asymmetry and lone-pair atoms in driving anharmonic rattling, providing a stepping stone to the discovery and design of next-generation thermoelectrics.
Behavior of heavy metals in forest microcosms

Transport and distribution of heavy metals were determined in soil and vegetation (Acer Rubrum) of intact forest microcosms. Litter from a contaminated forest and baghouse dust from a primary Pb smelter were applied to three of the microcosms, while three uncontaminated microcosms served as controls. Total dosages for Ph, Cd, Zn, and Cu on the treated microcosms were 11.0, 0.128, 0,748, and 0.161 mg cm−2, respectively.
A fine process control on the via hole of multilevel interconnection

Via contact resistance degradation was evaluated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. An amorphous layer approximately 2.5 nm in thickness was found between the two levels of aluminum at the via hole. Aluminum, fluorine, oxygen, and silicon were detected in this amorphous layer by using electron probe microanalysis. In evaluating the via hole process, by-products formed during reactive ion etching (RIE) were observed. Such treatments as oxygen plasma and an organic solvent soak did not remove these by-product layers, which were on the order of 20 approximately 50 nm thick on the sidewalls and about 10-nm thick on the aluminum surface at the bottom of the via hole. Electron energy loss spectroscopy showed that the by-products consisted of aluminum fluoride (AlF/sub 3/, AlF/sub 2/) and aluminum oxide (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/). The addition of oxygen gas to trifluoromethane (CHF/sub 3/) gas in via hole etching has the effect of suppressing the formation of these by-products. RIE at a higher frequency of 13.56 MHz resulted in almost no by-products compared with etching at 380 kHz. >
Iron-molybdenum cofactor insertion into the Apo-MoFe protein of nitrogenase involves the iron protein-MgATP complex.

Nitrogenase is composed of two component proteins, the iron protein (Fe protein) and the molybdenum-iron protein (MoFe protein). The Fe protein is a Mr 60,000 dimer of identical subunits with one bridging [4Fe-4S] center. It serves as a one-electron donor to the MoFe protein in a reaction that is coupled to MgATP hydrolysis. The MoFe protein is an alpha 2 beta 2 tetramer of Mr 220,000 which contains four [4Fe-4S] clusters and two iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo cofactor) centers. The exact structure of FeMo cofactor is not known, but it is believed to form the active site of the enzyme. Using specifically constructed deletion mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii, we have previously shown that the Fe protein, but not the MoFe protein, is required for FeMo cofactor biosynthesis (Robinson, A. C., Dean, D. R., and Burgess, B. K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14327-14332). During the partial purification of a FeMo cofactor-deficient form of the MoFe protein from one of these mutants (DJ54, delta nifH), we have discovered that, in addition to biosynthesis, the Fe protein-MgATP complex is involved in FeMo cofactor insertion into the MoFe protein. This insertion process is also sensitive to a number of other parameters (e.g. salt, pH, temperature, protein concentration). Based on our experimental data, we present a model for how this insertion reaction might take place, in which the Fe protein-MgATP complex binds the FeMo cofactor-deficient form of the MoFe protein and stabilizes a specific conformation of the MoFe protein that has the FeMo cofactor binding site exposed and available for coordination by preformed FeMo cofactor.
Experimental investigation of the pebble bed structure by using gamma ray tomography

Abstract High-energy gamma-ray computed tomography (CT scanner system) has been used to study, for the first time, the structure of the pebble bed in terms of cross-sectional time-averaged void and solids distributions, and their radial profiles along the bed height. The pebble beds were packed with pebbles of glass spheres of diameter of d 1 = 0.0127 m, d 2 = 0.0254 m and d 3 = 0.05 m in a Plexiglas cylinder with diameter of D = 0.3048 m, with D / d 1 = 24, D / d 2 = 12 and D / d 3 = 6, respectively. The average void fraction of these beds were e ¯ 1 = 0.389 , e ¯ 2 = 0.40 and e ¯ 3 = 0.43 , respectively. It was found that the void and solids distribution depends on pebble size, the bed diameter and the packing method. The void radial profiles vary with the bed height for larger pebbles at the measured axial levels (0.0762, 0.1524, and 0.2286 m from the bed base). However, adding additional bed height on the top of the original one did not show any influence on the average voids and their radial profiles at the same measured axial levels. The experimental results indicated that void variations are normally distributed in the bulk region of the packed bed.
Enhanced electrochemical properties of Bi-layer La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ cathode prepared by a hybrid method

Abstract Bi-layer La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 3− δ (LSCO) cathodes are processed by a hybrid method that combines a seed layer prepared by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique and a conventional cathode layer (∼7 μm in thickness) by a screen printing method. By inserting the PLD seed layer with the thickness of ∼500 nm or less, robust cathode films with desired microstructure and excellent adhesion properties with the underlying electrolyte layer, are successfully fabricated. The area specific resistance (ASR) of the hybrid cathode layers decreases about 5 times compared with that of the single layer cathode films prepared by the conventional screen printing method. The hybrid approach provides a cost-effective way to fabricate thick cathode films with significantly enhanced electrochemical properties for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).
Ethanol intake increases galanin mRNA in the hypothalamus and withdrawal decreases it.

Alcoholism can be viewed as a motivational disorder that results from alterations in brain systems for ingestive behavior. Therefore, it was hypothesized that alcohol intake might alter the expression of hypothalamic peptides that stimulate feeding. Earlier studies showed that hypothalamic injection of the feeding-stimulatory peptide, galanin (GAL), increases the release of dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), as does systemic alcohol, leading to a focus on GAL. Results of this study demonstrate the following: (1) Ethanol, injected daily (0.8 g/kg 10% v/v) for 7 days in male rats, markedly increased the expression of GAL but not of neuropeptide Y (NPY). This occurred in specific hypothalamic nuclei, namely the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PLH). (2) Rats induced to drink ethanol ad libitum, by gradually increasing the concentration from 1% to 9% v/v without adding sugar or flavoring, exhibited a similar stimulation of GAL mRNA in the PVN and GAL immunoreactivity in the DMN and PVN. (3) Rats given increasing ethanol concentrations, with 12 h access starting 4 h into the dark cycle, had a mean blood alcohol concentration of 18 mg/dl and exhibited a similar increase in GAL expression in the DMN and PVN. (4) Withdrawal from the opioid effects of 9% ethanol, produced by injection of naloxone (3 mg/kg sc), reversed this ethanol effect by significantly reducing GAL expression in the DMN and PLH below baseline levels. These studies suggest a possible role for hypothalamic GAL in alcohol abuse.
Auditory nerve responses in the reptile

(1931). Auditory nerve responses in the reptile. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 154-159.
The breakdown of Hund’s rule in systems of fourfold symmetry

The lowest energies of molecular systems with fourfold symmetry can violate Hund’s multiplicity rule. We derive relationships between two electron integrals that in favorable cases allow one to predict when this will happen. These relationships result in a fairly simple inequality as a criterion. The systematics of the phenomenon are illustrated with a series of calculations on model systems consisting of hydrogen atoms. These are rings of three, four, five, six, seven, and eight members as well as octahedral and square planar arrangements. These show how the results and simple ideas of molecular orbital theory can be qualitatively modified when various levels of configuration interaction are allowed in the theoretical discription.
Calm between the storms? Patterns of political violence in Somalia, 1950–1980

This article explores the uses of organized violence in Somali politics from the late colonial period up to 1980, an era that – on the surface, at least – appears relatively free of political violence compared to both previous and ensuing decades. After considering critical historical and contextual background, the analysis proposes a typology of political violence in Somalia. It then maps the trends in political violence from 1950 to 1980, looking for patterns of continuity and change, and offering possible explanations for these patterns.
Spontaneous elimination of nerve terminals from the endplates of developing skeletal myofibers

Summary The development of the motor innervation of a skeletal muscle was examined in the soleus muscles of young rats. At 11 days after birth, nearly three-quarters of the endplates of individual myofibers were innervated by more than one silver stained axon. Four days later, only about 9% of the endplates remained innervated by two or more terminals. The dramatic reduction in the number of axon terminals appeared to result in large measure from the retraction of all but one of the multiple terminals. An axon interpreted as undergoing retraction was characterized by a terminal oval enlargement believed to be the site of disassembly of the fiber.
Midterm results after restoration of the morphologically left ventricle to the systemic circulation in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.

Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the outcomes of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries after restoration of the morphologically left ventricle to the systemic circulation. Methods Between November 1991 and June 2001, a total of 54 patients (median age 3.2 years, range 7 weeks–40 years) with either congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (n = 51) or atrioventricular discordance with double-outlet right ventricle (n = 3) underwent anatomic repair. This comprised a Senning procedure in all cases plus arterial switch (double-switch group) in 29 cases (53.7%), plus a Rastelli procedure (Rastelli-Senning group) in 22 cases (40.7%), and plus intraventricular rerouting (Senning-tunnel group) in 3 cases (5.6%). Left ventricular training by PA banding was performed before the double-switch operation in 9 of 29 cases (31%). Follow-up is complete (median 4.4 years). Results Early mortality was 5.6% (n = 3), with 2 late deaths. Kaplan-Meier survivals (± SEM) were 94.4% ± 3.1% at 1 year and 89.7% ± 4.4% at 9 years. Survivals at 7 years were 84.9% ± 7.1% in the double-switch group and 95.5% ± 4.4% in the Rastelli-Senning group ( P = .32). Of the 49 survivors, 46 (94%) were in New York Heart Association functional class I. Six have acquired new left ventricular dilatation or impaired systolic ventricular function. Four patients in the double-switch group had moderate aortic valve regurgitation develop, and 2 of them required valve replacement. Overall freedoms from reoperation at 1 and 9 years were 94.2% ± 3.3% and 77.5% ± 9.0%, with no significant difference between the groups ( P = .60). Conclusions Anatomic repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries can be carried out with low early mortality. Excellent functional status can be achieved, with good midterm survival. Continued surveillance is necessary for patents with valved conduits and to determine the longer-term function of the aortic valve and the morphologically left ventricle in the systemic circulation.
Existence and uniqueness proof for the minimum model error optimal estimation algorithm

A general solution to the jump-discontinuous two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP) of the minimum model error is presented. Its existence and uniqueness are then proved.
Some observations regarding pentachlorophenol levels in Haverford Township, Pennsylvania

Abstract Due to industrial discharge over many years. Naylor's Run Creek, in Haverford Township Pennsylvania, U.S.A., has accumulated potentially dangerous levels of pentachlorophenol. The analytical procedure for determination of the compound is described, typical analysis results are presented, and possible methods to alleviate the problem are discussed.
Optical Materials For Space Based Laser Systems

The design features and performance characteristics of a sensitized holmium laser applicable to differential lidar and Doppler windshear measurements are presented, giving attention to the optimal choice of sensitizing/activating dopant ions. This development of a 2-micron region eye-safe laser, where holmium is sensitized by either hulium or erbium, has called for interionic energy transfer processes whose rate will not result in gain-switched pulses that are excessively long for atmospheric lidar and Doppler windshear detection. The application of diamond films for optical component hardening is noted.
Atribuciones sobre el éxito y el fracaso: efectos del sexo y de la cultura

ResumenUn total de 152 estudiantes universitarios de Bogota, Colombia y el mismo numero de una universidad en Chicago, Estados Unidos hicieron atribuciones sobre el exito o el fracaso en la labores academicas de un individuo (hombre o mujer) que ellos desconocian. Posteriormente, estos mismos sujetos hicieron atribuciones para el exito o el fracaso propio, de nuevo en una tarea academica. No se encontraron diferencias significativas debidas al sexo del sujeto en lo que concierne a las atribuciones del observador para el exito o el fracaso del individuo que se evaluo. Los sujetos estadounidenses prefirieron hacer atribuciones internas para su propio comportamiento asi como para el comportamiento de otros individuos mientras que los colombianos prefirieron hacer atribuciones con un locus de control externo. Las mujeres de ambos paises consideraron las causas internas como mas importantes para su propio exito que los hombres aunque este patron fue lo opuesto para una situacion de fracaso.
Characterization of reverse recovery transient behavior of bipolar transistors for emitter parameters determination

Abstract Reverse recovery transient behavior of bipolar transistors is studied and a method of simulating such response is developed, which provides a new tool for determining the emitter parameters such as the emitter minority-carrier lifetime and the emitter surface recombination velocity. Bandgap narrowing, Fermi statistics and field-dependent minority-carrier mobility for accounting heavy doping effects in the emitter region are included in the treatment. Good agreement is obtained when emitter minority-carrier lifetimes for three different diodes calculated from the present method are compared with that obtained from other methods.
Interaction effects of environmental stress and deuteron irradiation of the brain on mortality and longevity of c57bl/10 mice.

SummaryObservations were made on differences in mortality and longevity among 4 experimental subgroups of 6 successive cross-sectional age samples of non-irradiated and brain-irradiated C57BL/10 mice during their entire life span. The 4 subgroups of each main cross-sectional age sample included 1) steady-state controls, 2) temperature stress, 3) electric shock stress, and 4) combined temperature and electric shock stress. Irradiation of the brain was performed with a 20 Mev deuteron beam delivered at a dose rate of 383 rad/sec through an anti-Bragg wheel by the 60 inch Brookhaven cyclotron. The mice received a dose of 500 rads over the dorsal surface of the brain covering an area of 9 × 5 mm to a depth of 2.5 mm. All irradiated mice were then assigned to 4 cross-sectional groups and exposed to the same 4 experimental stress treatments in the 2 environmental chambers in accordance with the experimental design.There was a highly significant decrease in the longevity of the brain irradiated mice. Contrary to...
The Co/P exchange in Hf5Co1+xP3−x and its consequences for the electronic structure and magnetic properties

Abstract The Co/P exchange observed in Hf5Co1 + xP3−x is the first example for a statistical disordered Co/P occupancy on one position. In its crystal structure both different kinds of atoms, the late-transition metal atom Co and the nonmetal P, are located in trigonal prismatic voids of the Hf sublattice. The purely Co site has two P neighbours located in neighbouring trigonal prisms, each of which shares a rectangular face with the central Co prism, forming an infinite -Co-P- zigzag chain. The two other P sites have no contact to a Co atom. As a consequence of this, a partial substitution of P by Co on the sites which have shorter distances to the surrounding Hf atoms can take place. This P position can be occupied by up to 50% Co. leading to a significant phase range (0≤x≤0.5 in Hf5Co1+xP3−x). However, increasing the Co to P ratio brings a higher density of states at the Fermi level, corresponding to higher magnetic susceptibilities as determined experimentally. The consequences of the Co/P exchange for the electronic structure are discussed.
A research note on reporting discrepancies in international homicide data

The main purposes of this study were to investigate reporting discrepancies among international homicide indicators and to evaluate the consequences of these discrepancies on model estimation. Reporting discrepancies were detected through comparisons of homicide statistics collected by the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), the United Nations Crime Survey (UNCS), and the World Health Organization (WHO). Analyses showed that inconsistencies or irregularities occurred in official statistics of sixteen responding members. These reporting problems have altered estimations of correlation and regression models. Future research should explore further these reporting discrepancies and develop strategies to reduce inconsistencies and irregularities in international crime statistics.
Optimization of cutting tool properties through the development of alumina cermet

Abstract As a means of optimizing the wear resistance and the toughness of cutting tools, alumina cermet tools have been developed, characterized and tested at high cutting speeds. These tools combine the chemical stability afforded by metal oxides and the toughness imparted by metal binders. Alumina is bound to nickel through zirconia by reacting alumina with a Ni-Zr alloy. The wear properties of these tools were characterized by cutting heattreated AISI 4340 steel at speeds ranging from 3 to 15.2 m s −1 , feed rates of 0.13 – 0.28 mm rev −1 and depths of cut of 1.27 – 2.54 mm. Tests indicate that its wear resistance is comparable with that of pure alumina tools but that its toughness is greater.
Analytical solution for heat conduction in anisotropic media in infinite, semi-infinite, and two-plane-bounded regions

Abstract This paper is one of a series to be reported in open literature concerning the analytical solution for heat conduction in anisotropic media. According to the mathematical difficulties and methods of solution, problems are divided into three classes. In this paper, only problems of the first class with anisotropy homogeneous in rectangular coordinates are solved through the use of Green's functions. The solution of a specific problem is shown and effects of material anisotropy to the temperature field and heat flow are discussed from both mathematical and physical points of view.
Separate projections from the inferior colliculus to the cochlear nucleus and thalamus in guinea pigs

We used multiple-labeling techniques with retrograde fluorescent tracers to determine whether individual cells in the inferior colliculus project to the medial geniculate body (MG) and the cochlear nucleus (CN) in guinea pigs. Four possible projection patterns were examined: (1) to ipsilateral MG and ipsilateral CN; (2) to ipsilateral MG and contralateral CN; (3) to contralateral MG and ipsilateral CN; and, (4) to contralateral MG and contralateral CN. Following injections of different tracers into two or more sites, no inferior collicular cells were double-labeled from the two contralateral targets and only a few cells were double-labeled from each of the other pairs of targets. The double-labeled cells always totaled <1% of the single-labeled populations. We conclude that collateral projections from the inferior colliculus to the MG and CN are virtually non-existent. Therefore, the ascending and descending projections to these targets arise from different cells. These cells could potentially receive different inputs and send different information to higher or lower centers of the auditory pathway.
Nimodipine does not affect the flow-metabolism couple in permanent cerebral ischemia.

Despite widespread investigational and clinical usage of the calcium channel blocker nimodipine, its effects on cerebral physiology in normal and ischemic brain remain poorly understood. In order to gain insight into this subject we examined the effects of nimodipine on glucose metabolism and cerebral blood flow–metabolism coupling in the rat during conditions of reproducible focal ischemia. Nimodipine-treated animals were then matched with vehicle-treated controls for both study conditions. Animals were subjected to permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) along with occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Five minutes into ischemia, an intravenous infusion of nimodipine (1 µg/kg per min, n=9) or vehicle (n=9) was initiated and continued until the end of the study. Seventy-five minutes after the occlusion, [14C]2-deoxyglucose was injected into the venous catheter for the measurement of the local cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (LCMRgl), followed 25 min later by the injection of N-isopropyl-[123I]p-iodoamphetamine for the measurement of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF). The animals were killed at the end of 2 h of ischemia, and the brains were processed for double-labeled autoradiography. In all animals, permanent MCA occlusion produced significant decrements in LCBF, LCMRgl, and LCBF/LCMRgl ratio in both the core of the ischemia as well as regions peripheral to the ischemia within the same cerebral hemisphere when compared with non-ischemic brain. There were no significant differences between the nimodipine-treated and vehicle-treated groups. In conclusion, nimodipine does not appear to alter cerebral blood flow or cerebral metabolism in ischemic brain.
Use of phase-plot to evaluate damping of free vibration in wood-based materials

Classical log-decrement techniques have been used to evaluate the damping property of materials. However, the consistency and repeatability of the method when applied to wood and wood-based materials has been found lacking. A different way to view the free vibration of a single-degree- of-freedom system in the (chi) -(chi) (DOT) plane is presented. When (chi) and (chi) (DOT)/(omega) d are used to describe the free vibration, it will plot as a spiral curve asymptotically approaching the origin. The radius R of the spiral curve, when plotted in the time domain,is the same as the decay profile curve of the free vibration. Since every sample point has its associated radius, all points of the free vibration can be used to calculate the damping property. This method does not require a knowledge of the initial conditions and is easy to use. Preliminary results show that the new method is more consistent and repeatable in measuring damping than the classical method for wood- based materials.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Surgical Management of Primary Carcinomas of the Lower Lip

Carcinomas of lower lips are common neoplasms of the muco-cutaneous junction. Surgical resection of these tumors has the advantages of permitting histologic examination of the margins, achieving excellent cure rates, and yielding good aesthetic and functional results. We present the fundamental surgical procedures for management of pre-cancerous and primary cancerous neoplasms of the lower lip with which the surgical dermatologist should be familiar. These procedures may be done with local anesthesia in an outpatient surgical office. The techniques and case examples we describe include vermilionectomy and mucosal advancement, V-wedge resection, pentagonal wedge resection, and vermilionectomy combined with wedge resection.
First Report of Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi in North Carolina.

Asian soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, has been known to occur in the eastern hemisphere for nearly a century. More recently, it was reported from South America in 2002 and the ...
Thyrotropin-induced hyperthyroidism: use of alpha and beta subunit levels to identify patients with pituitary tumors.

Six hyperthyroid patients with inappropriately elevated serum thyrotropin (TSH) had serum concentrations of the common alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones (alpha) and the beta subunit of TSH (TSH-β) measured by radioimmunoassay. The three patients with a pituitary tumor had markedly elevated serum alpha levels of 105, 16.6, and 19.5 ng/ml and TSH of 34, 1.7, and 5.6 eU/ml, yielding molar alpha to TSH ratios of 31 to 98; TSH-β was not detected (<;0.5 ng/ml). The three patients without a pituitary tumor had serum alpha concentrations of 1.2, 0.5, and 1.0 ng/ml and serum TSH levels of 160, 9.3, and 90 eU/ml, yielding molar alpha to TSH ratios <1; TSH-β was 1.3, 0.5, and 0.5 ng/ml. Subunit and TSH secretion in the patients with a pituitary tumor demonstrated little or no change after thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) or thyroid hormone administration. In contrast, serum subunit and TSH levels increased after TRH in the patients withou a pituitary tumor; both basal and peak subuni and TSH levels after...
β-Casomorphins Stimulate and Enterostatin Inhibits the Intake of Dietary Fat in Rats

The effects of beta-casomorphins 1-7, 1-5 and 1-4 on food intake of rats adapted to either a high fat (HF) or high carbohydrate (HC) diet have been studied and compared to the effects of enterostatin. Intracerebroventricular (icv) beta-casomorphin1-7 (beta-CM1-7) stimulated intake of HF diet in overnight fasted rats, but beta-CM1-5 and beta-CM1-4 were ineffective. Peripheral injection of beta-CM1-7 also increased the intake of a high fat diet, but reduced the intake of HC diet in satiated rats. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) beta-CM1-7 caused a dose-dependent increase in the intake of HF diet, but a dose-dependent inhibition of HC ingestion in satiated rats. Enterostatin (ICV) inhibited the beta-CM1-7 stimulation of HF intake, as did the general opioid antagonist naloxone. Ligand binding studies with [3H-pro] enterostatin identified on low affinity binding site (Kd 100nM) on a crude brain membrane preparation. This binding was displaced by beta-CM1-7, beta-CM1-5 and beta-CM1-4. These data suggest that at high doses enterostatin and beta-CM1-7 may interact with the same low affinity receptor to modulate intake of dietary fat.
Superconducting films grown by activated reactive evaporation for high frequency device applications

123 films were grown on MgO substrates by activated reactive evaporation (ARE). In situ post deposition cooldown was optimized at low oxygen pressure to yield films with mirror-smooth surfaces with Tc(O)=86 K, transition width <2 K and Jc at 77 K=105 A cm-2. Surface resistance (Rs) at 60 K and 100 GHz was extremely low and comparable to Rs of films grown by laser ablation on LaA103. A film patterned in to a bandpass filter showed a Q that was nearly an order of magnitude higher than that for a gold film at 92 GHz and <50 K.
Discrete-time method for robust global stabilization of induction motor

The paper considers the problem of regulation of velocity and rotor flux norm of an induction motor. The rotor flux is assumed unmeasurable, load torque and rotor resistance may be unknown and time...
Emissivity effects on stranded Aluminum conductors

AN APPARATUS for the measurement of total hemispherical emissivity of stranded conductor was recently developed. A measurement is made by suspending the specimen in the center of an evacuated chamber, heating the specimen, and taking a cooling curve. New stranded aluminum conductors have emissivity values of about 20 to 25% (per cent); old, weathered conductors may have emissivities of 90% or higher. Data tending to confirm the values of emissivity obtained are presented in the form of actual temperature rises of several sizes of stranded conductor under controlled conditions. It is shown that the values of convected heat loss obtained by subtracting calculated radiated heat loss from the measured I2r input to the conductor check very closely for both new and blackened conductors.
Parental consent and adolescent risk behavior research.

Purpose: To identify methodological issues related to the use of active or passive parental consent in school-based research on adolescent risk behavior research and to propose recommendations consistent with current legal and ethical standards in the United States. Methods: Review and synthesis of the professional literature related to adolescents and parental consent, federal regulations and guidelines in the United States, and the author's experience presenting these arguments and issues to institutional review boards and funding agencies for over 10 years. Findings: The procedures used for parental consent affect a study's participation rates, costs, and selection bias. When active parental consent is required, parental permission is typically obtained for only 30%–60% of students, compared to 93%–100% when passive consent is used. Extensive follow-up may result in 55%–100% of parents giving permission, but at significant cost (typically $20–$25 per student). Active consent results in the exclusion of minorities, students having problems in school, and students already engaged in or at risk for problem behaviors. Strong methodological reasons were identified for using passive parental consent procedures when possible. Current federal regulations include four areas for possible waiver or alterations in parental consent procedures, including the use of passive parental consent. Conclusions: Health researchers must understand the methodological, legal, and ethical issues related to parental consent to produce high-quality, valid research about adolescents and to provide evidence for laws, policies, and regulations.
Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of permethylated estrogen glucuronides.

Abstract Five different estrogen monoglucuronides have been separated at least partially by gas chromatography of the permethyl derivatives on OV-17 columns either isothermally or with temperature programming. The permethyl derivatives are formed quantitatively with a greater than tenfold excess of the methylsulfinylmethide carbanion and methyl iodide. On the other hand, quantitative derivatization (>98%) of the aglycones, estradiol and estriol, is effected only with a thirtyfold or greater excess of the carbanion. Mono-, di-, and trimethyl derivatives are found and all have characteristic mass spectra. The mass spectra of the permethylated glucuronides are also clearly different. All spectra contain molecular ions and fragment ions due to the permethylated glucuronic acid moiety, the aglycones, and M-CH3OH. This data is being applied to the analysis of intact estrogen glucuronides in body fluids.
Reasons for alcohol use by female heavy, moderate, and occasional social drinkers.

Abstract Subjective and behavioral reasons for drinking alcohol were elicited from 26 female social drinkers for 3 points in time by means of standardized questionnaire items selected from the Alcohol Use Inventory and the Alcoholic Stages Index. The 26 women resided for 35 days on a clinical research unit and could consume alcohol on 21 days. On the first study day subjects recalled subjective and behavioral reasons for drinking for the 21 days immediately prior to admission to the study and the 21 days of greatest alcohol consumption during the previous year. On the day after the end of the alcohol acquisition phase of the study, subjects responded to questions about their reasons for alcohol consumption during 21 days on the research unit. Each subject was classified as a heavy, moderate, or occasional drinker on the basis of observed alcohol intake. The heavy, moderate, and occasional drinkers differed significantly in history of alcohol use, and differences in questionnaire response patterns were reported for all 3 time intervals. In contrast to moderate and occasional drinkers, heavy social drinkers had significantly elevated questionnaire item scores for the 21 days of heaviest alcohol consumption during the past year and for the 21 days immediately prior to the study. However, both heavy drinkers and occasional social drinkers had significantly elevated scores for the 21 -day alcohol acquisition phase on the research unit. Scores for moderate social drinkers were similar for each of the 3-time intervals.
Memory and cerebral protein synthesis in mice as affected by graded amounts of puromycin

Abstract The effects of intracerebral injections of graded amounts of puromycin on memory and on degree and duration of inhibition of cerebral protein synthesis have been studied in the mouse. As the concentration of the antibiotic was decreased it became progressively less effective in its behavioral and biochemical effects so that memory was retained in an increasing proportion of animals as the effect on protein synthesis diminished.
Evidence for redundancy in propeptide/prohormone convertase activities in processing proglucagon: an antisense study.

To further examine the physiological roles of the neuroendocrine prohormone convertases (PCs) in proglucagon processing, alpha TC1-6 cells were transiently transfected with PC1/3 and PC2 expression vectors containing either antisense or sense encoding cDNAs. PC1/3- and PC2-directed RIAs were used to determine that the PC1/3 antisense transfections lowered endogenous levels of PC1/3 by 40 +/- 7.9% but did not alter the levels of PC2. The PC2 antisense transfections decreased the endogenous levels of PC2 by 91 +/- 11.7% without affecting the levels of PC1/3. To quantitate the levels of proglucagon and proglucagon-derived products, transfected cells were metabolically labeled with [3H]tryptophan, and extracts were chromatographed by reversed-phase HPLC. Recovered peptides were then subjected to peptide mapping analyses, allowing precise quantification of 3H-radioactivity incorporated into proglucagon and its cleavage products. Product-precursor ratios were determined, and percent change in the proportion of ...
The rise and fall of the soviet underground press

Although samizdat (self‐publication) has existed since the days of Catherine the Great as the principal means by which banned works have been circulated in Russia, the most fertile period for the underground Soviet press was from 1968 through the early 1970s. A study of the content and contributors of two prominent samizdat publications, the Chronicle of Current Events and Supergirl Oktyabrina, reveals differences in the concerns of the dissidents and their relationship with the regime. The Chronicle's content was primarily literary and oriented toward the “human rights” movement. In contrast, Oktyabrina was satirical and comical, with no serious literary intent. An examination of the Soviet's handling of these two samizdat publications suggests that dissent in Russia is handled selectively, and that the Soviet authorities are not interested in eliminating all dissent, only the dissent that they find challenging to their rule.
Objective response detection

Evoked potential threshold estimation can be made truly objective by using statistically based methods. In general, time domain analysis is preferable for responses which are impulsive (temporally narrow, spectrally broad), whereas frequency-domain analysis is more appropriate for tonal responses (spectrally narrow, temporally broad). In both time and frequency domains, methods comparing evoked potential power to noise models are robust and powerful. For spectrally narrow responses such as steady-state evoked potentials, the performance of magnitude-squared coherence, the ratio of grand average power to mean subaverage power, is superior to that of other methods for objective response detection.
Influence of diphenyl ether and water on the polymerization of isoprene with triisobutylaluminium and titanium tetrachloride

In the polymerization of isoprene with the i-Bu3Al/TiCl4 catalyst at the mole ratio of 1.0 the diphenyl ether adduct of the i-Bu3Al showed no effect on the catalyst efficiency. The ether did not improve the low efficiency of the catalyst at ratios slightly above 1.0, but below 1.0 it brought the catalyst activity up to optimum. The ether compensated for the deleterious effects upon the catalyst of low amounts of water present in the isoprene solution in hexane. At the Al/Ti mole ratio slightly above 1.0, water and diphenyl ether were found to act synergistically in raising catalyst efficiency. In addition, at or close to optimal operating Al/Ti mole ratios the diphenyl ether had a very marked effect in improving the polymerization rate. Polymer properties were generally unaffected by use of the ether-coordinated catalyst.
Metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver fractions

Abstract Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) specific activity was measured in crude homogenates, post-mitochondrial supernatants, cytosolic and microsomal fractions of trout liver, using a number of endogenous and xenobiotic aldehydes and both NAD + and NADP + as co-factors. All the activity found in the crude homogenate could be accounted for by the sum of the cytosolic and microsomal activities. Highest activities were found with the medium chain length substrates hexanal and nonanal in all fractions. The α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal-1-al, and trans , trans -2,4-decadienal, were also good substrates for both fractions, while the hydroxylated α,β unsaturated trans -4-hydroxy-2-nonenal was a good substrate only for the microsomal fraction. Short chain and aromatic xenobiotic substrates were metabolized at much lower rates, and only the microsomal fraction was effective against acetaldehyde, acrolein, and benzaldehyde. Neither fraction metabolized 2,5-dihydroxy benzaldehyde. NAD + was the preferred co-factor for most substrates. Apparent affinity ( K m ) for hexanal and nonanal in the cytosolic fraction were comparable to that found in rats, but the theoretical maximal velocity ( V max ) for these substrates, and the specific activities for the other substrates, were much lower than found in mammals. The biochemical results suggest that trout are well adapted to detoxify products of endogenous lipid peroxidation, but are poorly adapted to detoxify xenobiotic aldehydes. In another study with carcinogen-fed fish, ALDH distribution was evaluated histochemically in cryostat sections. In control trout, ALDH was uniformly distributed without an apparent zonal pattern. However, in hepatic tumors, ALDH was apparently induced with hexanal, nonanal, and propionaldehyde giving the strongest reaction products; other substrates also reacted, but with much lower sensitivity.
Wy-14,643 stimulates hepatic protein kinase C activity

Abstract The mechanism by which hypolipidemic drugs and industrial plasticizers cause hepatic tumors in rodents remains unknown. Protein kinase C is elevated during hepatic cell turnover, and sustained cellular replication has been shown to correlate with an increase in hepatic tumors. Therefore, the effect of [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid (Wy-14,643) on protein kinase C activity was examined. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 100 mg kg Wy-14,643 in olive oil (i.g.), while control rats received equal volumes of oil vehicle. After 24 h, the activity of protein kinase C was estimated in isolated hepatic fractions by measuring the binding of 3H-phorbal-12,13-dibutyrate, a specific ligand for protein kinase C. Administration of Wy-14,643 significantly increased protein kinase C activity nearly 2-fold in microsomal fractions. Thus, it is possible that Wy-14,643 increases cell proliferation and causes tumors by mechanisms involving protein kinase C.
Finding paths through the world's photos

When a scene is photographed many times by different people, the viewpoints often cluster along certain paths. These paths are largely specific to the scene being photographed, and follow interesting regions and viewpoints. We seek to discover a range of such paths and turn them into controls for image-based rendering. Our approach takes as input a large set of community or personal photos, reconstructs camera viewpoints, and automatically computes orbits, panoramas, canonical views, and optimal paths between views. The scene can then be interactively browsed in 3D using these controls or with six degree-of-freedom free-viewpoint control. As the user browses the scene, nearby views are continuously selected and transformed, using control-adaptive reprojection techniques.