cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of research on culturally relevant issues for Hispanics with diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this review is to provide a description of current research on culturally relevant issues among Hispanics subgroups with diabetes throughout the United States.MethodsA search of 2655 abstracts was conducted using Medline, PubMed, and Psychlit. Sixty articles were identified, and 33 were reviewed.ResultsMost studies focused on Mexican Americans, and little is known about the unique and shared health beliefs of different Hispanics subgroups within the United States. Personal models of illness varied across groups and were influenced by levels of acculturation. Definitions and treatments for susto varied considerably: Puerto Ricans did not identify it as a cause of diabetes. Patients'thoughts about God and diabetes differed, and little is known about how these thoughts affect diabetes self-management. There is also limited research on Hispanics' use of curanderos (folk healers) for diabetes-related care, and only some participants reported using alternative treatments in conjunction wit...
Altered fronto-cerebellar connectivity in alcohol-naïve youth with a family history of alcoholism

Fronto-cerebellar connections are thought to be involved in higher-order cognitive functioning. It is suspected that damage to this network may contribute to cognitive deficits in chronic alcoholics. However, it remains to be elucidated if fronto-cerebellar circuitry is altered in high-risk individuals even prior to alcohol use onset. The current study used functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to examine fronto-cerebellar circuitry in 13 alcohol-naive, at-risk youth with a family history of alcoholism (FH+) and 14 age-matched controls. In addition, we examined how white matter microstructure, as evidenced by fractional anisotropy (FA), related to fcMRI. FH+youth showed significantly reduced functional connectivity between bilateral anterior prefrontal cortices and contralateral cerebellar seed regions compared to controls. We found that this reduction in connectivity significantly correlated with reduced FA in the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Taken together, our findings reflect associated aberrant functional and structural connectivity in substance-naive FH+adolescents, perhaps suggesting an identifiable neurophenotypic precursor to substance use. Given the role of frontal and cerebellar brain regions in subserving executive functioning, the presence of premorbid abnormalities in fronto-cerebellar circuitry may heighten the risk for developing an alcohol use disorder in FH+youth through atypical control processing.
Construction and characterization of a yeast artificial chromosome library for Xpter-Xq27.3: a systematic determination of cocloning rate and X-chromosome representation.

Abstract We describe the construction and characterization of a human X-chromosome-specific yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library. Starting with 60 μg of hybrid cell line genomic DNA, we generated over 150,000 recombinants, over 90% of which range from 150 to 500 kb. From these recombinants, 3300 human-positive YACs (representing coverage of 4.5 X chromosomes) were identified by genomic human DNA hybridization. Mapping of random clones revealed that they are derived from the X chromosome in a regionally unbiased fashion, and screening with single-copy X-chromosome probes has repeatedly produced YACs from the library. By determining the frequency of YAC clones containing both hamster and human repetitive sequences, we estimated that approximately 11% of clones contain discontigous sequences. Taken together, the low cocloning rate, the unbiased coverage, and a consistent recovery of YACs using specific X-chromosome markers indicate that YAC technology can be used for extensive cloning and mapping purposes. Because a certain amount of genomic rearrangement is present in YAC libraries, chromosome walking must be undertaken with a degree of caution.
The effect of verbal commitment and treatment choice on medication compliance in a pediatric setting.

This experiment examined the manner in which verbal commitment and treatment choice affect medication compliance in a pediatric setting. Parents (N=89) of children suffering from an inner ear infection (otitis media) were asked or not asked for a verbal promise to give their child all prescribed antibiotic medication (commitment manipulation) and allowed or not allowed to choose between two equally appropriate antibiotics as the treatment for their child (choice manipulation). Self-reports at follow-up visits, which were supported by urinalysis results, indicated that obtaining a verbal commitment significantly increased medication compliance. Verbal commitment also nonsignificantly increased the likelihood of a resolved infection at follow-up. Providing the parent with a choice of treatments had no effect on compliance or health outcome.
Synthetic Sulfide Standards for Quantitative Emission Spectrographic Analysis

An emission spectrographic method for the determination of minor elements occurring in natural sulfides has been developed. This method involves the use of complex crystalline standards, synthesized at elevated temperatures, that contain within their lattices the minor elements of interest. Results of the present study are based on the incorporation of Cd, Co, In, Mn, and Ni into a ZnS base and of Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Hg, Sb, Se, and Te in part into each of two portions of a PbS base. The procedure used for the synthesis is that commonly employed for such studies, that is, reaction at elevated temperatures (300 to 1000°C) within evacuated silica tubes. Comparison of analytical curves generated by these standards with curves based on oxide standards shows that erroneously high values may be obtained when oxide standards are used. This error is especially evident for cadmium. Results for minor elements in sulfide minerals by this method agree with results obtained by other methods.
Microbial genomics and the periodic table.

Extensive knowledge of microbial metabolism has been earned through more than a century of reductionist study. There is now basic understanding of how cultivated bacteria transduce the chemical energy of a growth substrate into the work and biosynthetic processes that underlie both survival and
Hypoxia during sleep and the risk of falls and fractures in older men: The osteoporotic fractures in men sleep study

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that low arterial oxygen saturation during sleep is associated with a greater risk of falls and fractures. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Six U.S. clinical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Men aged 67 and older (N = 2,911). MEASUREMENTS: The primary exposure measure was percentage of sleep time with arterial oxygen saturation less than 90% measured using polysomnography. The main outcome measures were incident falls within 1 year and incident nonspine fractures over an average follow-up of 6.8 years. RESULTS: Men with 10% or more of sleep time at an arterial oxygen saturation of less than 90% were older, reported more comorbidities, had poorer physical function, and were more likely to have sleep disordered breathing than men with less than 10% sleep time at an arterial oxygen saturation of less than 90%. After multivariate adjustment, men with 10% or more of sleep time with arterial oxygen saturation of less than 90% had a greater risk of having one or more falls (relative risk (RR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.51) and two or more falls (RR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.06-1.92) than those with less than 10% of sleep time with less than 90% arterial oxygen saturation. Men with greater percentage of sleep time with arterial oxygen saturation less than 90% had a 30% to 40% greater risk of nonspine fracture than those with normal nocturnal oxygen saturation in models adjusting for sleep disordered breathing. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia during sleep may be a risk factor for falls and fractures in older men. Interventions aimed at decreasing nocturnal hypoxia may decrease falls and fractures. Language: en
Unified Picture of Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at All Angles from 3 to 24 GeV/c

We have investigated $\mathrm{pp}$ elastic scattering on the basis of smooth distributions for the helicity-nonflip and -flip amplitudes in the impact parameter $b$. We show how these distributions change with energy. We give interpretations for the shrinkage of the forward diffraction peak, the break in $\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{\mathrm{dt}}$ at $|t|\ensuremath{\approx}1$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$, and the observed pronounced structure in the $\mathrm{pp}$ polarization.
What is a relapse? Fifty ways to leave the wagon

Binary thinking has often guided research and practice in the addiction field. For example, emphasis has been given to identifying whether an individual is "alcoholic" or not, and the dichotomous judgement that a client is either drinking or abstinent has been used to judge treatment effectiveness. Research on the nature of alcohol problems, however, indicates that they lie along several modestly interrelated continuous dimensions of severity, rather than occurring as a single syndrome qualitatively distinct from normality. Similarly, changes in addictive behaviors in general, and treatment outcomes in particular, are complex phenomena not readily captured by dichotomous classification. The term "relapse" is itself seriously problematic in various ways, and its definition elusive. It represents a somewhat arbitrary binary judgement imposed on the flow of behavior, and carries negative evaluative overtones. A potentially detrimental abstinence violation effect is implicit in the very use of the term "relapse", which thereby may become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Further, it implicitly pathologizes what is in fact a rather common event in the course of behavior change, and embodies an unrealistic and inaccurate conception of how successful change occurs over time. For these reasons, it may be useful in research and clinical practice to abandon the notion of "relapse" and focus instead on terminology that better describes the normal resolution process for addictive behaviors.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging of intracellular calcium.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a new methodology for studying the spatial and temporal dynamics of macromolecule, molecules, and ions in living cells. In FLIM image contrast is derived from the mean fluorescence lifetime at each point in a two-dimensional image. In our case the lifetime was measured by the phase-modulation method. We describe our FLIM apparatus, which consists of a fluorescence microscope, high-speed gated proximity focused MCP image intensifier, and slow-scan CCD camera. To accomplish subnanosecond time-resolved imaging, the gain of the image intensifier is modulated with a high-frequency signal, resulting in stationary phase-sensitive intensity images on the image intensifier. These images are recorded using a cooled slow-scan CCD camera and stored in an image processor. The lifetime images are created from a series of phase-sensitive images at various phase shift of the gain-modulation signal. We demonstrate calcium concentration imaging in living COS cells based on Ca2+-induced lifetime changes of Quin-2. The phase-angle image is mapped to the Ca2+ concentration image using anin vitro-determined calibration curve. The Ca2+ concentration was found to be uniform throughout the cell. In contrast, the intensity image shows significant spatial differences, which likely reflect variations in the thickness and distribution of probe within the cell.
TU‐D‐BRA‐03: Real‐Time‐Image Guidance in Radiation Therapy: Is There a Role for Ultrasound Imaging?

The curative potential of External Beam Radiation Therapy(EBRT) is critically dependent on having the ability to accurately aim radiation beams at intended targets while avoiding surrounding healthy tissues. Cone‐beam computed tomography, planar x‐ray imaging, radiographic or electromagnetic tracking of implanted fiducials, as well as operator‐performed ultrasound are currently used for EBRTimage guidance. However, these technologies are incapable of addressing the challenge of real‐time volumetric (4D) visualization, localization, and tracking of soft‐tissue motion and deformation concurrent with treatment beam delivery. Thus a significant opportunity exists for improving the therapeutic ratio and the safety of EBRT. We will present and discuss two solutions that can realize this opportunity through the integration of spatially localized, remotely controlled operator‐free ultrasound imaging with radiation delivery systems. The first approach relies on a custom designed compact ultrasound probe based on two‐dimensional matrix array of capacitive micro‐machined ultrasonic transducers integrated with radiofrequency electronics. For operator‐free imaging, the probe is to be fixed to a subject by a belt with appropriate acoustical coupling. Dedicated beam forming methodology and image reconstruction is necessary to enable large volume data collection at a volume rate of 3 Hz or higher. The second approach employs a novel, minimally interfering, tele‐robotic ultrasound imaging based on commercial transducers. It uses a customized human‐safe robotic manipulator to control the pressure and pitch of an abdominal probe while avoiding gantry collisions. A haptic device is integrated to remotely control the robotic manipulator motion and image acquisition outside the therapy room. Learning objectives: 1. Understand basic relationships between ultrasound imaging system design and performance parameters such as spatial resolution, frame rate, and field of view. Recognize the dependencies between these parameters. 2. Identify limitations of current EBRTultrasound guidance systems and identify physics, design and workflow causes behind them. 3. Understand how remote‐operator free imaging and appropriately designed workflow can enable real‐time soft‐tissue image guidance concurrent with radiation delivery and reduce ultrasound localization uncertainties. 4. Recognize potential interferences between the radiation delivery system and the operator‐free imaging system and appreciate their magnitude and mutual impact.
Brain activation in multiple sclerosis: a BOLD fMRI study of the effects of fatiguing hand exercise

BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience fatigue as a chronic symptom that decreases quality of life. Commonly, fatigue in MS patients is manifested as decreased motor function during or after physical activity and is associated with changes in brain metabolism.ObjectiveTo determine brain activation patterns in MS patients and healthy controls during a simple motor task before and after fatiguing hand-grip exercise.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were conducted on 10 MS patients and 13 healthy controls during 4-finger flexion and extension in rested and fatigued states.ResultsBefore the fatigue protocol, MS patients had greater activation in the contralateral primary motor cortex, insula, and cingulate gyrus than controls. Following fatiguing exercise, controls showed increased activation of precentral gyrus and insula while patients did not show any activation increases and actually decreased activity to the insula.ConclusionResults indicate that before fatiguing ex...
Glycosylated growth hormone: Detection in murine pituitary gland and evidence of physiological fluctuations

Abstract We examined murine pituitary glands for glycosylated growth hormone using a lectin-binding immunoassay. Every gland tested exhibited significant concanavalin A-binding growth hormone immunoreactivity. The activity was lower in female rats than in males, and lower in lactating than in virgin females. The activity increased following ovariectomy, although total immunoreactive growth hormone was not altered. Administration of estradiol benzoate decreased the concentrations of both types of growth hormone. Progesterone administration, in contrast, did not change concanavalin A-binding growth hormone, but it lowered total growth hormone. Western blotting revealed a growth hormone immunoreactive band 4–5K heavier than the growth hormone monomer in both rat and mouse pituitary. These data suggest the existence in the murine pituitary of a glycosylated form of growth hormone that undergoes physiological fluctuations.
A new experimental technique for measuring atomic transition probabilities

Abstract An experimental method for measuring absolute transition probabilities applicable in the uv is described. The effect of cascades into a given level can be evaluated experimentally without making any assumptions concerning decay schemes or initial populations of higher levels.
ImagePlus workstation program

IBM's ImagePlus™ system is designed to permit the capture, storage, management, and retrieval of documents through digital imaging. The ImagePlus Workstation Program is that portion of the ImagePlus system that controls the user's workstation. This paper describes the challenges that were posed in designing an ImagePlus Workstation, and the approach taken by the development group to solve them. The primary design goal was to deliver operational performance for image processing in a cost-effective workstation, while permitting the user maximal control in viewing and manipulating scanned documents. The solution chosen implemented a Personal System® workstation that operates with a System/36, Application System/400®, or System/370 Multiple Virtual Storage host.
High purity LPE InP

Typical LPE InP layers have previously been limited to liquid nitrogen mobilities of 25,000 cm2/ V-sec, which implies a total impurity concentration of 9 × 1015/cm3. Of the donor impurities identified in InP, Si is reported to have the highest segregation coefficient, with a value of 30 at typical growth temperatures of 650–700°C (1) . Because of this large segregation coefficient, and the fact that commercially available In has typical Si concentrations in the 0.1 ppm range, it is necessary to take additional purification steps on LPE starting materials to reproducibly obtain epitaxial layers with total impurity concentrations below the previously mentioned limit. This paper will discuss a novel approach to the problem by employing a baking scheme to reduce Si contamination. Thermodynamics of the SiO2 , H2, Si, H2O system will be considered which lead to a detailed schedule of time-temperature cycles for the removal of Si from an In based melt. Experimental data are presented which corroborates our thermodynamic, model, and which reproducibly yields epitaxial layers with 77°K mobilities in the range of 50,000–67,000 cm2/V-sec, and total impurity concentration below 2 × 1015/cm3 . Limiting factors in obtaining higher purity are discussed and suggestions are made for overcoming this problem.
Polarized light scattering study of UPt3

We have performed polarized Raman scattering experiments on single-crystal samples of UPt/sub 3/ in the temperature range 5 Kless than or equal toTless than or equal to340 K. Four of the five Raman-allowed phonons have been observed, and their symmetries identified. None of these phonons is seen to demonstrate any anomalous behavior, contrary to previous Raman scattering results. Additionally, quasielastic scattering from spin fluctuations has been observed, having the symmetry of the antisymmetric representation, A/sub 2//sub g/, and displaying a slightly temperature-dependent half width at half maximum. The energy scale of this scattering is consistent with results reported earlier by both neutron scattering at qgreater than or equal to1 A/sup -1/ and Raman scattering at q = 0 (where q, is the momentum transfer) suggesting that the spin-fluctuation relaxation is q-independent.
Quantification of photoelectrogenerated hydroxyl radical on TiO2 by surface interrogation scanning electrochemical microscopy

The surface interrogation mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SI-SECM) was used for the detection and quantification of adsorbed hydroxyl radical ˙OH(ads) generated photoelectrochemically at the surface of a nanostructured TiO2 substrate electrode. In this transient technique, a SECM tip is used to generate in situ a titrant from a reversible redox pair that reacts with the adsorbed species at the substrate. This reaction produces an SECM feedback response from which the amount of adsorbate and its decay kinetics can be obtained. The redox pair IrCl62−/3− offered a reactive, selective and stable surface interrogation agent under the strongly oxidizing conditions of the photoelectrochemical cell. A typical ˙OH(ads) saturation coverage of 338 μC cm−2 was found in our nanostructured samples by its reduction with the electrogenerated IrCl63−. The decay kinetics of ˙OH(ads) by dimerization to produce H2O2 were studied through the time dependence of the SI-SECM signal and the surface dimerization rate constant was found to be ∼kOH = 2.2 × 103 mol−1 m2 s−1. A radical scavenger, such as methanol, competitively consumes ˙OH(ads) and yields a shorter SI-SECM transient, where a pseudo-first order rate analysis at 2 M methanol yields a decay constant of k′MeOH ∼ 1 s−1.
A trimetallic supramolecular complex of osmium(II) and rhodium(III) displaying MLCT transitions in the near-IR

Abstract The mixed-metal supramolecule [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)3 and the monometallic synthon [(tpy)OsCl(dpp)] (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, dpp = 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) have been synthesized and studied by exploring redox and light absorbing properties. The complex [(tpy)OsCl(dpp)](PF6) is synthesized by the reaction of [(tpy)OsCl3] and dpp in ethylene glycol. The supramolecular complex [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)3 is prepared by reaction of the monometallic synthon with RhCl3 · 3H2O in ethanol/water. Cyclic voltammetry shows an irreversible reduction for [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)3 at −0.51 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) corresponding to the RhIII/II/I couple. The RhIII/II/I couple is anodic to the first dpp0/− couple, predicting a lowest lying metal-to-metal charge transfer electronic excited state. Both the monometallic and trimetallic complexes absorb in the near-IR, with [{(tpy)OsCl(dpp)}2RhCl2](PF6)3 absorbing strongly throughout the 200–1000 nm region.
Effect of Personal Injustice on Attributions for the Success of Others

The current research tested competing predictions on whether the experience of personal injustice would increase or decrease internal attributions of others' success. Compared with the control condition, Study 1 found that individuals gave less credit to another person for his promotion after they recalled their own unfair experience. Study 2 revealed that personal injustice led weak just-world believers, but not strong just-world believers, to perceive a lottery winner to be less deserving. Study 3 showed that these effects were mediated by resentment. The findings demonstrate that thinking about one's own injustice can lead to a more cynical outlook on others' positive outcomes.
Thoracoscopic neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet laser resection of a pulmonary metastasis.

BACKGROUND Patients with a history of malignant disease and new pulmonary lesions often are considered for resection to establish a diagnosis and, with certain histologic subtypes, to improve survival. Standard operative therapy consists of thoracotomy and wedge resection of the lesion. Early and late postoperative morbidity is substantial and related primarily to the thoracotomy incision. METHODS Advances in endoscopic surgical techniques and laser technology allowed for successful thoracoscopic resection of an isolated pulmonary metastasis in a 59-year-old man with a history of a T3N0M0 renal cell carcinoma. RESULTS The margins of the specimen were free of tumor. The postoperative course was uncomplicated, and the patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day. The morbidity associated with a standard thoracotomy was avoided, and an adequate resection was obtained. CONCLUSION Continued success with thoracoscopic resection may have a significant impact on the management of selected patients with a history of malignant disease and new pulmonary lesions.
Application of Emerging Tools and Techniques for Measuring Carbon and Microbial Communities in Reclaimed Mine Soils

As part of a study of the potential for carbon sequestration in degraded mine lands, we examined the car- bon content of reclaimed mine soils treated with soil amend- ments (e.g., fly ash and biosolids) using two emerging tech- niques; terminal restriction fragment- length polymorphism (TRFLP) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Both of these techniques have potential use for measuring aspects of carbon content and its role in the soil ecosystem. To better understand the relationship between the microbial community and the amount of carbon within mine soils, we examined the diversity among fungal communities in soils with different carbon content using TRFLP. TRFLP was run on 18S rDNA from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification us- ing primers specific for fungi. Results from the TRFLP were compared to sequencing of 18S clones. The diversity based on sequence analysis was much higher than that indicated by the TRFLP-based analysis. Rarefaction analysis of the data indicated that the total diversity was even higher than we were able to measure with both levels of effort; however, it was clear that we effectively sampled the dominant populations. The LIBS technique displayed a strong linear relationship when compared to conventional techniques (LECO and Walk- ley-Black) of measuring carbon in soils. In addition, discrepan- cies were noted between the two conventional techniques for soils with high carbon content.
Synthesis and vibrational characterization of polymeric copper(II)coproporphyrin

Preparation de ce polymere fortement reticule constitue d'unites cuivre (II)-coproporphyrine decarboxylees; spectres IR et Raman
The Two Forms of Karyogamy Transcription Factor Kar4p Are Regulated by Differential Initiation of Transcription, Translation, and Protein Turnover

Kar4p is a transcription factor in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is required for the expression of karyogamy-specific genes during mating, for the efficient transit from G1 during mitosis, and for essential functions during meiosis. Kar4p exists in two forms: a constitutive slower-migrating form, which predominates during vegetative growth, and a faster-migrating form, which is highly induced by mating pheromone. Transcript mapping of KAR4 revealed that the constitutive mRNA was initiated upstream of two in-frame ATG initiation codons, while the major inducible mRNA originated between them. Thus, the two forms of Kar4p are derived from the translation of alternative transcripts, which possess different AUG initiation codons. Site-directed mutations were constructed to inactivate one or the other of the initiation codons, allowing the expression of the two Kar4p forms separately. At normal levels of expression, the constitutive form of Kar4p did not support wild-type levels of mating. However, the two forms of Kar4p could also be expressed separately from the regulatable GAL1 promoter, and no functional difference was detected when they were expressed at equivalent levels. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the induced form of Kar4p was highly expressed and stable during mating but rapidly turned over in vegetative cells. In contrast, the constitutively expressed longer form showed the same rate of turnover regardless of the growth condition. Furthermore, overexpression of either form of Kar4p in vegetative cells was toxic. Thus, the elaborate regulation of the two forms of Kar4p at the levels of transcription, translation, and protein turnover reflects the requirement for high levels of the protein during mating and for low levels during the subsequent phases of the cell cycle.
A visualization system for parallelizing programs

A software environment for visualization when parallelizing programs is described. The system supports multiparadigm program visualization, automatic generation of optimizers from specifications, interactive and undo facilities for code transformations, and a multilevel browser. Textual and graphical forms of optimization specification languages are utilized in the specification of both traditional and parallelizing transformations. An undo facility is provided for the user to remove ineffective or inappropriate transformations. An extended form of the program dependence graph is developed that not only enables the exploitation of parallelism in sequential programs by applying transformations but also facilitates mappings for code visualization. The conceptual framework that allows multiparadigm program visualization is presented. A multilevel browser can be used to browse any block of statements in one program view, and the corresponding code of another program view is highlighted. >
Consolidation Docetaxel After Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Stage IIIB Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Phase II Southwest Oncology Group Study S9504

Purpose: To test the concept of taxane sequencing in combined-modality therapy, this phase II trial (S9504) evaluated consolidation docetaxel after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with pathologically documented stage IIIB non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Results were compared with those of the predecessor study (S9019) with identical eligibility, staging criteria, and treatment, excepting docetaxel consolidation. Patients and Methods: Treatment consisted of cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 29, and 36, etoposide 50 mg/m2 on days 1 through 5 and 29 through 33, and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (total dose of 61 Gy). Consolidation docetaxel started 4 to 6 weeks after chemoradiotherapy at an initial dose of 75 mg/m2. Results: Stage subsets (tumor-node-metastasis system) in 83 eligible patients were as follows: T4N0/1, 31 patients (37%); T4N2, 22 patients (27%), and T1–3N3, 30 patients (36%). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was generally well tolerated, but two patients died from probable radiation...
TRAIL/Apo2L ligand selectively induces apoptosis and overcomes drug resistance in multiple myeloma: therapeutic applications

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable and novel treatments are urgently needed. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo evaluations were performed to assess the potential therapeutic applications of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) in MM. TRAIL/Apo2L potently induced apoptosis of MM cells from patients and the majority of MM cell lines, including cells sensitive or resistant to dexamethasone (Dex), doxorubicin (Dox), melphalan, and mitoxantrone. TRAIL/Apo2L also overcame the survival effect of interleukin 6 on MM cells and did not affect the survival of peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells and purified B cells from healthy donors. The status of the TRAIL receptors (assessed by immunoblotting and flow cytometry) could not predict TRAIL sensitivity of MM cells. The anti-MM activity of TRAIL/Apo2L was confirmed in nu/xid/bg mice xenografted with human MM cells; TRAIL (500 microg intraperitoneally daily for 14 days) was well tolerated and significantly suppressed the growth of plasmacytomas. Dox up-regulated the expression of the TRAIL receptor death receptor 5 (DR5) and synergistically enhanced the effect of TRAIL not only against MM cells sensitive to, but also against those resistant to, Dex- or Dox-induced apoptosis. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB inhibitors, such as SN50 (a cell-permeable inhibitor of the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB) or the proteasome inhibitor PS-341, enhanced the proapoptotic activity of TRAIL/Apo2L against TRAIL-sensitive MM cells, whereas SN50 reversed the TRAIL resistance of ARH-77 and IM-9 MM cells. Importantly, normal B lymphocytes were not sensitized to TRAIL by either Dox, SN50, or PS-341. These preclinical studies suggest that TRAIL/Apo2L can overcome conventional drug resistance and provide the basis for clinical trials of TRAIL-based treatment regimens to improve outcome in patients with MM. (Blood. 2001;98:795-804)
Prospective analysis of quality of life after surgical resection for esophageal cancer: preliminary results.

Background and Objectives This pilot study prospectively evaluates the impact of esophageal resection on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states at diagnosis and during the first year after surgery. Methods Participants included 38 patients with planned esophageal resection. Two instruments were used: the Functional Assessment in Cancer Therapy core instrument with the esophageal subscale (FACT-E), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Subjects were evaluated after diagnosis and at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after surgical resection. Results All subjects demonstrated a decrease in overall HRQL after resection with a gradual return toward baseline by month 9. The functional and physical subscales of the FACT-E demonstrated the largest decrease at 1 month with a gradual return toward baseline. The POMS subscales that demonstrated the highest amount of disorder after surgery were tension, fatigue, and vigor. Although the trends were similar between patients undergoing surgery alone (n = 18) and those with neoadjuvant therapy (n = 20), the group that had received surgery alone demonstrated a higher HRQL and less mood disorder during the postoperative period, as compared with the neoadjuvant group. Conclusions Patient perceptions of HRQL and mood states change over the first 12 months after esophageal resection. Although no statistically significant differences were found in this study, several trends were identified. Ongoing assessments of these changes are important, and interventions need to be developed and implemented to produce an effective decrease in the impact of esophageal resection on HRQL and mood states, particularly after trimodality therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002, 81:185–194. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Tutte polynomial which distinguishes rooted unicyclic graphs

Let @C"@r be a rooted graph. For any subset S of E(@C) let C"@r(S) be the component of S containing @r. Define r(S)=|V(C"@r(S))|-1, nul"k(S)=|C"@r(S)|-r(S), and nul(S)=|S|-r(S). With these, define the three-variable greedoid Tutte polynomial of @C"@r, F(@C"@r;t,p,q) by: F(@C"@r;t,p,q)=@?S@?E(@C)t^r^(^E^)^-^r^(^S^)p^n^u^l^"^k^(^S^)q^n^u^l^(^S^)^-^n^u^l^"^k^(^S^). This polynomial generalizes the greedoid Tutte polynomial introduced in 1989 by Gordon and McMahon. Unlike the greedoid Tutte polynomial, the three-variable greedoid Tutte polynomial determines the number of g-loops in the graph (loops and edges in a component of @C disjoint from the root). In addition, it is a complete invariant for the class of rooted loopless connected graphs which contain at most one cycle. As this is a polynomial of the greedoid underlying the rooted graph, we also generalize the polynomial to general greedoids.
MOSP: module selection for pipelined designs with multi-cycle operations

Selection of appropriate module types from a design library which will be used in the final implementation is called module selection. A solution is presented to the module selection problem for pipelined designs with multicycle operations. The proposed solution technique is based on an area-delay analysis of an RTL design and produces optimal results in milliseconds. >
On the adequacy of buzzsaws.

For decades, controversy has swirled around the question of whether some kind of innate capacity is required for language to develop normally. Ostensibly, there has been progress over the years on the old ‘nature- nurture’ question. Only the most die-hard theorists would now publicly argue for anything other than some sort of interactionist position. Nonetheless, as Sabbagh & Gelman (S&G) note in their review of The emergence of language , there is little clarity about the nature of that interaction or about what constitutes an emergentist position on it. As good scientists, S&G propose to evaluate emergentism, despite its vagueness, by describing a ‘strong’ emergentist position as one that must include the following tenets: domain-general cognitive processes (‘buzzsaws’ as they call them) like attention and memory are sufficient to account for the elegance of language as well as the ease and speed of its acquisition by children; these domain- general processes do so without explicit rule-based knowledge representations; and the same processes account for all aspects of language. There is much to agree with in the review by S&G. They cite the importance of development and performance as pluses for emergentist views, but they also raise serious questions about the limitations of emergentist accounts: these often either leave unanalyzed crucial concepts like similarity or hide what look suspiciously like rule-governed knowledge representations. Despite their concerns, SG they seem cautiously optimistic about the enterprise of accounting for language development in an emergentist framework. Such optimism, however, seems appropriate only insofar as the framework is not taken in its strong form. S&G's arguments (made by others as well) about the vague and hidden aspects of some emergentist models give the lie to the claim that all aspects of language can be accounted for by the same domain-general processes. Those arguments also raise questions about whether domain-specific rule-based representations can be completely done away with.
Electromagnetic surface waves: New formulas and applications

Relatively simple and accurate formulas are now available for the complete electromagnetic field generated by vertical and horizontal dipoles located on or near the boundary between two electrically different half-spaces such as air and water or rock and sea water. The principal part of the field is an outward-traveling lateral wave with useful properties. The formulas are given and their application to a variety of problems reviewed briefly. These include: radio communication over the surface of the earth or sea, the wave antenna, communication with submarines using vertical dipoles in air and horizontal dipoles in the sea, the location of buried objects using horizontal dipoles on the surface of the earth, and the measurement of the conductivity of the sea floor.
DC and microwave characteristics of an In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As modulation-doped quasi-MISFET

The DC and microwave performance of a modulation-doped InGaAs/InAlAs quasi-MISFET structure, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, is reported. Improved performance is obtained with the incorporation of Ti in the source-drain metallisation with which contact resistances as low as 0.1 ?mm are measured. An extrinsic transconductance of 310mS/mm and a best value of fT=32 GHz in a 1.0 ?-gate device are measured at 300 K.
Effect of lysophosphatidyl choline on interaction between phosphatidyl choline and activator protein (apolipoprotein A-I) of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase.

The effect of lysophosphatidyl choline on interaction and formation of high density complexes between phosphatidyl choline and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein of high density lipoprotein and activator of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, was investigated. Under the experimental conditions used, there was minimal high density complex formation whcn apoA-I was incubated with sonicated dispersions of phosphatidyl choline containing no lysophosphatidyl choline. Incubation of apoA-I with cosonicates of phosphatidyl choline containing 25 and 50 mole % lysophosphatidyl choline resulted in marked interaction with formation of high density (d 1.063–1.21 g/ml) lipid-protein complexes. The above complexes were predominately discoidal particles which either stacked in rouleaux or remained flat in packed arrays when observed under electron microscopy with negative staining. Discoidal complexes isolated from the incubation mixture of apoA-I plus cosonicate of phosphatidyl choline containing 25 mole ...
Performance evaluation of hierarchical cellular networks with bidirectional overflow and take-back strategies under generally distributed cell residence times

The rapid growth of wireless services and mobile users drives a great interest in cellular networks with a hierarchical structure. Hierarchical cellular networks (HCNs) can provide high system capacity, efficient channel utilization and inherent load-balancing capability. In this paper, a two-layer hierarchical cellular network with bidirectional overflow and take-back strategies under generally distributed cell residence times is considered. An analytical model and a performance analysis method are developed, and a number of important performance measures are evaluated. The developed model and analysis method can be easily extended to multi-layer HCNs
Antimicrobial Peptides Activate the Rcs Regulon through the Outer Membrane Lipoprotein RcsF

Salmonella enterica species are exposed to envelope stresses due to their environmental and infectious lifestyles. Such stresses include amphipathic cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), and resistance to these peptides is an important property for microbial virulence for animals. Bacterial mechanisms used to sense and respond to CAMP-induced envelope stress include the RcsFCDB phosphorelay, which contributes to survival from polymyxin B exposure. The Rcs phosphorelay includes two inner membrane (IM) proteins, RcsC and RcsD; the response regulator RcsB; the accessory coregulator RcsA; and an outer membrane bound lipoprotein, RcsF. Transcriptional activation of the Rcs regulon occurred within minutes of exposure to CAMP and during the first detectable signs of CAMP-induced membrane disorder. Rcs transcriptional activation by CAMPs required RcsF and preservation of its two internal disulfide linkages. The rerouting of RcsF to the inner membrane or its synthesis as an unanchored periplasmic protein resulted in constitutive activation of the Rcs regulon and RcsCD-dependent phosphorylation. These findings suggest that RcsFCDB activation in response to CAMP-induced membrane disorder is a result of a change in structure or availability of RcsF to the IM signaling constituents of the Rcs phosphorelay.
Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance study of lanthanide‐substituted muscle calcium binding parvalbumins

High resolution natural abundance carbon-13 NMR has been used previously to examine molecular motions and conformational transitions in the muscle calcium binding parvalbumins isolated from mirror carp. [S. J. Opella, D. J. Nelson, and O. Jardetzky, J. Chem. Phys. 64, 2533 (1976) and D. J. Nelson, S. J. Opella, and O. Jardetzky, Biochemistry 15, 5552 (1976).] The carbon-13 NMR spectrum of parvalbumin typically reveals the presence of a number of well-resolved resonances from single-carbon sites in the protein. Since accurate assignment of these resonances to specific carbon atoms in the protein is essential before these resonances can be employed as probes of local conformational events, an investigation of the origin of a number of single-carbon resonances has been performed. Carbon-13 NMR on Tb(III)- and Yb(III)-substituted parvalbumin is the principal spectroscopic technique employed; however, results from terbium fluorescence spectroscopy, γ-ray scintillation spectroscopy, and x-ray difference Fourier analysis all contribute to single-carbon site assignment. The principal conclusions drawn from the combined spectroscopic results are that: (1) the downfield carboxyl resonance at 184.6 ppm, previously attributed to Glu-81, whose carboxyl group is involved in an internal ionic bond, originates rather from a carboxyl function coordinating the solvent exposed metal ion, (2) the carbonyl resonance at 168.9 ppm arises from Lys-96, as was previously suggested; and (3) the 11.2 ppm resonance derives from the δ-methyl carbon of Ile-97, a resonance assignment that could not be made previously.
Cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5 regulates growth and apoptosis in pulmonary endothelial cells

Sustained increases in intracellular cGMP concentrations ([cGMP]i) inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. We now report that a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE5, plays a dominant role in reg...
Effect of bedside ultrasound on management of pediatric soft-tissue infection.

Abstract Background: Superficial soft-tissue infections (SSTI) are frequently managed in the emergency department (ED). Soft-tissue bedside ultrasound (BUS) for SSTI has not been specifically studied in the pediatric ED setting. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a soft-tissue BUS evaluation on the clinical diagnosis and management of pediatric superficial soft-tissue infection. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in two urban academic pediatric EDs. Eligible patients were aged
Health Literacy Demands of Written Health Information Materials: An Assessment of Cervical Cancer Prevention Materials

BackgroundHealth literacy requires reading and writing skills as well as knowledge of health topics and health systems. Materials written at high reading levels with ambiguous, technical, or dense text, often place great comprehension demands on consumers with lower literacy skills. This study developed and used an instrument to analyze cervical cancer prevention materials for readability, comprehensibility, suitability, and message design.MethodsThe Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) was amended for ease of use, inclusivity, and objectivity with the encouragement of the original developers. Other novel contributions were specifically related to “comprehensibility” (CAM). The resulting SAM + CAM was used to score 69 materials for content, literacy demand, numeric literacy, graphics, layout/typography, and learning stimulation variables. Expert reviewers provided content validation. Inter-rater reliability was “substantial” (κ = .77).ResultsThe mean reading level of materials was 11th grade. Most ma...
Do Antidepressants Exert Effects on the Immune System

The role of the immune system and interactions between the endocrine, neurotransmitter, and immune systems in affective disorders have opened up new avenues to pursue in psychiatric research. Exploration of a potential causal relationship between inflammation and depression has lent support to the contention that a bidirectional relationship is at play. Exogenously administered cytokines can induce a syndrome mimicking many symptoms of the spontaneously occurring syndrome of depression. The majority of clinical studies of depression, in which pro-inflammatory biomarkers were measured, confirmed that a chronic inflammatory status is present, as measured mostly in blood but also in cerebrospinal fluid and postmortem brain of suicide victims with a history of depression. However, it is unclear as to what happens to the pro-inflammatory status following symptom resolution and remission of the depressive episode. In this context the precise role antidepressant agents play in the resolution of inflammation and return of the immune system to homeostasis has been the object of numerous studies. This chapter seeks to provide a critical overview of the available evidence in the literature and address key factors that contribute to the discrepant findings. Specifically, select basic and clinical studies are discussed and recommendations are made how future studies can lead to greater consistency amongst reported findings.
NEW EVIDENCE CONCERNING THE ORIGIN OF INLAND RADIATE GROUNDSEL, S. VULGARIS L. VAR. HIBERNICUS SYME

summary Triploid hybrids 5. vulgaris L.×S. squalidus L. were synthesized, frequently using a diverse array of radiate and non-radiate plants of S. vulgaris as the female parent. All hybrids have so far proved sterile when selfed. By backcrossing one hybrid (S. vulgaris L. var. vulgaris×S. squalidus L.) to the female parent, and then selfing the products, several fertile radiate individuals were formed that were tetraploid and resembled S. vulgaris L. var. hibernicus Syme. The implication of these results for the possibility of introgression occurring between S. vulgaris and S. squalidus in the wild is discussed.