cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of diethylcarbamazine and 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine on feline leukemia virus lymphoma formation

Abstract Twenty-four specific pathogen-free kittens were infected with the Rickard strain of feline leukemia virus (FeLVR). The kittens were divided into four equal groups and were orally administered either a high dose of diethylcarbamazine (DECH, 12 mg kg−1), a low dose of diethylcarbamazine (DECL, 3 mg kg−1), 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT, 15 mg kg−1, b.i.d.), or a placebo (250 mg granular dextrose) daily for 10 weeks. Blood was collected at 2-week intervals for complete blood counts (CBC) and flow cytometric analysis (FACS) of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Plasma was assayed for antibodies to FeLV gp70 and for FeLV p27 antigen using ELISA assays. For FACS analysis, lymphocytes were incubated with monoclonal antibodies to feline Pan T, CD8+, CD4+, and B cell (Anti-Ig) antigens. In the placebo treated cats, FeLVR infection caused an early (2 weeks p.i.) and persistent decrease in leukocyte numbers attributable primarily to a decrease in neutrophil numbers and a secondary lesser decrease in B and CD4+ lymphocyte numbers. The DEC-treated groups showed a delayed but similar leukopenia by 4 weeks p.i. The lymphopenia in the DEC groups (primarily B cells and CD4+ cells) was reversed by 10 weeks p.i., but the neutropenia persisted. AZT treatment inhibited FeLVR-induced lymphopenia but did not prevent a reduction in neutrophil numbers. A marked p27 antigenemia that peaked at 4 weeks p.i. was noted in the placebo treated cats and in most cats ( 11 12 ) treated with either dose of DEC. However, AZT significantly inhibited the p27 antigenemia and all cats were negative for p27 antigen between 6 and 10 weeks of treatment. In general, placebo treated cats as well as DECH and DECL cats had low levels of antibody to gp70 throughout the study, suggesting FeLVR-induced immunosuppression. In contrast, significantly higher titers of anti-gp70 antibodies were seen in AZT-treated cats at 6 weeks p.i., and were maintained throughout treatment. Eighteen month survival rates provide efficacy data for AZT as well as both DEC treatment groups. While all placebo treated cats were euthanized by 52 weeks p.i. due to FeLV associated lymphomas with a mean survival time of 35.5 weeks p.i., median survival time of the AZT treated group was ≥ 102 weeks p.i., while that of the DECH and DECL groups was 69.7 and 72 weeks p.i., respectively. Thus, DEC as well as AZT therapy delays the development of lymphomas associated with FeLV infection and significantly improves survival.
FURTHER ANALYSIS OF VARIABLES THAT AFFECT SELF-CONTROL WITH AVERSIVE EVENTS

The purpose of this study was to examine variables that affect self-control in the context of academic task completion by elementary school children with autism. In the baseline assessment of Study 1, mathematics problem completion was shown to be an aversive event, and sensitivity to task magnitude, task difficulty, and delay to task completion were measured. The effects of manipulating values of those parameters on self-control then were assessed. For all participants, self-control increased as a function of one or more changes in task parameter values. In Study 2, the effects of a commitment response on self-control was assessed. Results indicated that for all participants, levels of self-control were higher when the opportunity to commit to the immediate aversive event was available.
The role of genetic structure in the adaptive divergence of populations experiencing saltwater intrusion due to relative sea-level rise.

Saltwater intrusion into estuaries creates stressful conditions for nektonic species. Previous studies have shown that Gambusia affinis populations with exposure to saline environments develop genetic adaptations for increased survival during salinity stress. Here, we evaluate the genetic structure of G. affinis populations, previously shown to have adaptations for increased salinity tolerance, and determine the impact of selection and gene flow on structure of these populations. We found that gene flow was higher between populations experiencing different salinity regimes within an estuary than between similar marsh types in different estuaries, suggesting the development of saline-tolerant phenotypes due to local adaptation. There was limited evidence of genetic structure along a salinity gradient, and only some of the genetic variation among sites was correlated with salinity. Our results suggest limited structure, combined with selection to saltwater intrusion, results in phenotypic divergence in spite of a lack of physical barriers to gene flow.
Ultrasonicvs. nonultrasonic hydrogenation in a batch reactor

Refined and bleached soybean oil was hydrogenated with and without ultrasonic energy in a batch system. Reactions were carried out at 170°C with 0.02% nickel catalyst (Nysel, Harshaw/Filtron Partnership, Cleveland, OH) or 50 ppm nickel in the oil. Hydrogen pressure was varied from 15 to 90 psig. After 20 min, the average reaction rate was about five times faster in the presence of ultrasonic energy. Hydrogenation rate generally increased with increasing hydrogen pressure when ultrasonic energy was applied. However, the increasing rate is more sinusoidal in nature than linear.
Bone Disease - Current Knowledge and Future Prospects

The advent of genomics approaches to studying human disease have yielded a large number of genes and gene families that are involved in the process of bone formation and bone remodeling. The identification and characterization of these genes has provided significant insights into the pathogenesis of numerous human bone diseases. This review details current understanding of the role of many of these genes in bone development and disease. We review the current status of bone disease prevention/treatment modalities and describe how recent advances in our understanding of the molecules responsible for different aspects of osteoblast, osteoclast and chondrocyte function may provide novel biochemical markers and treatment strategies for bone disease.
Interfacial Energy and Friction between Carbon Nanotubes and Polymer Matrix

A new method has been developed to determine the interfacial fracture energy and friction between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polymer matrix. A polymer stripe with a chevron contact pattern was imprinted on a substrate with protruded CNT array. Maximum applied load was measured during the peeling of the stripe. An analytical formula for calculation of interfacial fracture energy was derived and verified with finite element analysis. Based on the peeling experiment and theoretical analysis, the interfacial friction was determined to be 29–44 MPa, which is consistent with the results measured by other methods.
A stream data type that supports goal-directed pattern matching on unbounded sequences of values

Abstract Goal-directed pattern matching in Icon and SNOBOL4 has proven useful in a variety of applications ranging from interactive user interfaces to natural language processing. However, the mechanisms provided by these languages are, in general, only capable of dealing with finite sequences of character data. Certain applications require an ability to perform pattern matching on unbounded sequences of numbers or other more complicated values. This paper describes a new data type, called a stream, that provides the capability of processing unbounded sequences of arbitrary values using these same goal-directed pattern matching techniques.
Is Gatekeeping Better Than Traditional Care? A Survey of Physicians' Attitudes

Context. —Nearly all managed care plans rely on a physician "gatekeeper" to control use of specialty, hospital, and other expensive services. Gatekeeping is intended to reduce costs while maintaining or improving quality of care by increasing coordination and prevention and reducing duplicative or inappropriate care. Whether gatekeeping achieves these goals remains largely unproven. Objective. —To assess physicians' attitudes about the effects of gatekeeping compared with traditional care on administrative work, quality of patient care, appropriateness of resource use, and cost. Design. —Cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians Setting. —Outpatient facilities in metropolitan Boston, Mass. Participants. —All physicians who served as both primary care gatekeepers and traditional Blue Cross/Blue Shield providers for the employees of Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Of the 330 physicians surveyed, 202 (61%) responded. Outcomes Measures. —Physician ratings of the effects of gatekeeping on 21 aspects of care, including administrative work, physician-patient interactions, decision making, appropriateness of resource use, cost, and quality of care. Results. —Physicians reported that gatekeeping (compared with traditional care) had a positive effect on control of costs, frequency, and appropriateness of preventive services and knowledge of a patient's overall care ( P P Conclusions. —Physicians identified both positive and negative effects of gatekeeping. Overall, 72% of physicians thought gatekeeping was better than or comparable to traditional care arrangements.
The Depression Coping Questionnaire.

Factor analysis of the Depression Coping Questionnaire (DCQ; Kleinke, Staneski, & Mason, 1982) identified 11 coping responses: Social support, problem solving, self-blame/escape, aggression, indulgence, activities, medication, stimulation, eating, TV, and ignoring. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the DCQ contributed significant variance in predicting Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores of men (R = .705) and women (R = .568) from three population samples. Both men's and women's BDI scores were correlated positively with age, self-blame/escape, medication, and TV and correlated negatively with social support, problem solving, and indulgence. Four significant functions were identified in a discriminant analysis that compared nine groups made up of schizophrenic male veterans, depressed and nondepressed male and female college students, and depressed and nondepressed male and female chronic pain patients.
A comparison of some simple models used to predict solar irradiance on a horizontal surface

Four simple models for predicting the amount of solar radiation available at any location are compared to show how well they can predict solar insolation on a horizontal surface. The most significant result of these comparisons is that average daily values of yearly insolation can be determined reasonably well by the use of simple models. (SPH)
Gradation effects on the mechanical response of crushed stone aggregate

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying the gradation of aggregate base course (ABC) on material performance. Five different gradations consistent with a range of common ABC were selected. Experimental trials were performed to classify the materials and assess the performance differences between the five gradations. The gradation was found to affect the behaviour of the aggregate in that coarser gradations gave better strength and resilience values under conditions most similar to those found in the field. From research and experience during the laboratory testing, it was concluded that the coarsest blends became too difficult to realistically work with and they also lacked the stability of the well-graded combinations. It was also observed that as the amount of fines in the specimens exceeded 8–12% by mass, the fines governed the behaviour of the material. Results are interpreted using previously published work on specific surface, ‘ideal’ gradations and micromechanical models for the re...
Geologic Map of Antarctica: ABSTRACT

With the Antarctic sheet of the Plate-Tectonic Map of the Circum-Pacific Map Project (CPMP) now completed and published, the CPMP Antarctic panel is at work preparing a new 1:10,000,000 Geologic Map of Antarctica. It will build upon earlier geologic maps of that continent at 1:5,000,000 (1972 and 1976) and at 1:10,000,000 (1979). It is intended that all new Antarctic work, published through 1981, be incorporated into the new CPMP geologic map. End_Page 962------------------------------ Most of Antarctica is ice-covered, and rock exposures comprise only some 2 to 3% of the area of the entire continent. Antarctica is divisible into two regions with different geological characteristics. East Antarctica (lying mainly in east longitudes) is the larger region, and West Antarctica the smaller. The Transantarctic Mountains, which cross the continent and pass near the South Pole, mark the inland border of East Antarctica. East Antarctica is a continental shield that was a central piece of Gondwanaland in early Mesozoic time. The basement rocks are mainly of Precambrian age although lower Paleozoic rocks are also present in the Transantarctic Mountains. Archean rocks in the charnockite-enderbite terrane along the Indian Ocean coast have yielded apparent ages as great as 4.0 billion years. The basement complex is unconformably overlain by the subhorizontal Gondwana sequence of Devonian-Jurassic age. West Antarctica is a younger region that makes up a segment of the Circum-Pacific mobile belt. Definite Precambrian rocks are known from only one locality, and the ice sheet-bedrock contact is below sea level throughout much of West Antarctica. Sedimentary rocks, mainly or entirely of Phanerozoic age, crop out extensively in the Antarctic Peninsula, the Ellsworth Mountains, and western Marie Byrd Land. Diverse Phanerozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks are widely distributed across West Antarctica, especially Mesozoic (Andean) intrusive bodies and Cenozoic volcanic rocks. End_of_Article - Last_Page 963------------
Ultrastructure of the salivary gland chromosome as revealed by electron microscopy.

An ultradunnen Schnittpraparaten von Speicheldrusenchromosomen (Drosophila melanogaster) und an entsprechenden Quetschpraparaten (Drosophila virilis) wurde elektronenmikroskopisch festgestellt: Die Chromomeren und Chromonemata bestehen aus Filamenten mit Schraubenwindungen vom «paranamischen» Typus. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass die Windungen der beiden Filamente in der entgegengesetzten Richtung ranken.
Nonisothermal effects during injection and falloff tests

The results show that to correctly analyze pressure transients governed by a moving thermal front, the values used for the fluid properties must correspond to the temperature of the injected fluid. On the other hand, for pressure falloff tests and for injection tests conducted in a well cooled by previous injection or drilling, the physical properties of the in situ reservoir fluids must be used. It is also shown that the application of conventional isothermal methods for calculating skin values from injection and falloff data will give erroneous results. A new method is presented for calculating skin values from injection and falloff data that accurately corrects for nonisothermal effects. A number of detailed examples are given that illustrate the suggested method of analysis. The technique is applied to the analysis of injection test data from a well located in the East Mesa geothermal field in southern California.
Phosphine oxide and quaternary ammonium extraction of americium(III) from concentrated chloride solutions

Abstract The extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) by tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and methyl trialkyl(C8C10) ammonium chloride (Adogen 464) from HCl and slightly acidic LiCl solutions was investigated. Linear extraction isotherms showed that macro Eu(III) specoes exist with the same degree of assocition in both organic and aqueous phases suggesting the same behavior for the actinide analog Am(III). Reagent dependences indicated the extraction of primarily AmCl3·TOPO and AmCl3·3TOPO from 1 and 5 M LiCl, respectively, and the extraction of only R4NAmCl4 (where R4N+ is the quaternary ammonium cation of Adogen 464) from both 1 and 5 M LiCl. However, detailed studies of the TOPO-LiCl and Adogen 464-LiCl systems showed wide variations in lithium and water extraction as a function of aqueous LiCl molarity, so that these systems are not suitable for investigating the aqueous chloride complex equilibria.
Isozymes of superoxide dismutase from wheat germ.

Wheat germ has been shown to contain three electrophoretically-distinct superoxide dismutases. One of these resembled the mangano-superoxide dismutases, which have been found in bacteria and in mitochondria1–3, in that it was not inhibited by 0.2 mM cyanide but was inactivated by the Tsuchihashi4 treatment with chloroform plus ethanol. The two remaining superoxide dismutases of wheat germ resembled the cupro-zinc enzymes, which have already been isolated from a wide range of eukaryotes5–8, in being inhibited by cyanide but unaffected by treatment with chloroform plus ethanol. These two superoxide dismutases of wheat germ were isolated and characterized. Both were found to have a molecular weight of 31 000 and to be composed of two protomers of equal size which were joined by non-covalent interactions. Both contained 1 Cu2+ and 1 Zn2+ per protomer and exhibited similar catalytic properties. They did, however, exhibit distinct differences in amino acid composition chromatographic behavior on DE-32, optical and EPR spectra, stability towards sodium dodecyl sulfate and toward hydrogen peroxide and in electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels. Both of these enzymes were found in the seed heads of a commonly-grown non-hybrid strain of wheat (Cult. Var. Arthur); whereas the leaves and stalk of that strain contained only one of them. The reasons for the occurence of two isozymes of the cupro-zinc superoxide dismutase in wheat seeds remain unknown.
Tobacco industry sponsorship of a book and conflict of interest.

Aim The tobacco industry has hidden its involvement in the design, conduct and publication of scientific research articles and has used the articles to argue against tobacco regulation. The objective of this study is to examine tobacco industry involvement in the development of scientific books. Design Qualitative analysis of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents retrieved from the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu). Information from the documents was supplemented with material from Internet searches, the National Center for Biotechnology Information Pubmed database and interviews with individuals involved in book publication. Findings Between 1997 and 1999 the tobacco industry sponsored a monograph, entitled ‘Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites’, that examined the measurement and metabolism of nicotine. The tobacco industry recruited Elsevier Science to publish the monograph. Tobacco industry executives, lawyers and scientists reviewed the chapters. One use of the monograph was to stimulate collaborative efforts between academic and tobacco industry scientists. Another was to provide the book to a government regulatory agency reviewing the teratogenic effects of nicotine. Conclusion Our findings show the breadth of tobacco industry engagement in scientific knowledge production and dissemination, and its motives for sponsoring scientific literature. The industry’s effort to gain credibility through collaboration with academic scientists raises questions regarding the ethics of accepting tobacco industry funding for publication. Scientists who collaborate on publications sponsored by the tobacco industry must consider the full implications of these joint efforts.
Parametric smoothing model for visco-elastic polishing tools

A parametric smoothing model is developed to quantitatively describe the smoothing action of polishing tools that use visco-elastic materials. These materials flow to conform to the aspheric shape of the workpieces, yet behave as a rigid solid for short duration caused by tool motion over surface irregularities. The smoothing effect naturally corrects the mid-to-high frequency errors on the workpiece while a large polishing lap still removes large scale errors effectively in a short time. Quantifying the smoothing effect allows improvements in efficiency for finishing large precision optics. We define normalized smoothing factor SF which can be described with two parameters. A series of experiments using a conventional pitch tool and the rigid conformal (RC) lap was performed and compared to verify the parametric smoothing model. The linear trend of the SF function was clearly verified. Also, the limiting minimum ripple magnitude PVmin from the smoothing actions and SF function slope change due to the total compressive stiffness of the whole tool were measured. These data were successfully fit using the parametric smoothing model.
Vector post-processing algorithm for phase discrimination of two-phase PIV

A simple phase separation method using vector post-processing techniques is evaluated to measure velocity fields in a bubble plume. To provide for validation, fluorescent seeding is used, and two sets of synoptic images are obtained: mixed-phase images containing bubbles and fluorescent particles, and fluid-phase images containing only fluorescent particles. A third dataset is derived by applying a digital mask to remove bubbles from the mixed-phase images. All datasets are processed using cross-correlation particle image velocimetry (PIV). The resulting vector maps for the raw, mixed-phase data contain both bubble and continuous-phase velocity vectors. To separate the phases, a vector post-processing algorithm applies a maximum velocity threshold for the continuous-phase velocities coupled with the vector median filter to identify remaining bubble-velocity vectors and remove them from the mixed-phase velocity field. To validate the phase separation algorithm, the post-processed fluid-phase vectors are compared to PIV results obtained from both the optically separated and digitally masked data. The comparison among these methods shows that the post-processed mixed-phase data have small errors in regions near some bubbles, but for dilute environmental flows (low void fraction and slip velocity approximately equal to the entrained fluid velocity), the algorithm predicts well both instantaneous and time average statistical quantities. The method is reliable for flows having 10% or less of the field of view occupied by bubbles. The resulting instantaneous data provide information on plume wandering and eddy-size distributions within the bubble plume. By comparison among the datasets, it is shown that the patchiness of the vector-post processed and image masked data limit the diameter of identifiable eddy structures to the average distance between bubbles in the image, and that both datasets give identical probability density functions of eddy size. The optically filtered data have better data coverage and predict a greater probability of larger eddies as compared to the other two datasets.
Interpretation of Gut Tonometry to Identify Regional Maldistribution of O 2 Delivery in VLBW Neonates

Interpretation of Gut Tonometry to Identify Regional Maldistribution of O 2 Delivery in VLBW Neonates
Particle sizing from disk images by counting contiguous grid squares or vidicon pixels

Abstract The location of the light-scattering image of a particle with respect to the grid pattern of pixels on a vidicon screen used in particle surface monitoring can cause variation in the response of the vidicon for particles giving the same amount of light scattering. A simple disk-and-square model of the interaction is used to predict such geometrical interaction effects, which are shown to influence the mean number of pixels (squares) activated by particle images (disks) and the variation in the number of pixels activated. The same problem exists when trying to estimate disk area from squares covered or squares covered and touched. If one counts all squares touched by the disk, the mean number of squares, E ( n ), is shown to be exactly equal to the following equation, for image diameters ( D ) smaller than the edge length ( D L ) and approximately equal to it for larger images: E(n) = 1 + 2( D L ) + ( π 4 )( D L ) 2 . The variance of n is calculated for D L . The variation in n for D > L is demonstrated through geometrical modeling and square counting, distinguishing between the number of squares touched and the number completely covered. The geometrical interaction effects on the mean number of squares touched or mean number completely covered can be compensated for by calibration, but the effects on variation cannot. The variation of number of pixels activated compared to the mean number of pixels activated is predicted to be roughly 50% for situations where tens of pixels or less are activated by the particle image. Data that support this by showing substantially greater variability in the pixel distributions than the variability in the particle distributions are presented. The data show particles being missed in some readings and being counted in others, as the analysis predicts. The data also show relatively small error in the total counts, believed due to compensating errors.
Inexpensive mount for a large millimeter-wavelength telescope

A telescope mount with a single-point force support at the center of gravity of the primary mirror is proposed in order to eliminate much of the structure and cost of a large, millimeter-wavelength telescope. The single-point support gives repeatable thermal and gravitational deformation, so the surface of the primary can be controlled based on lookup tables for elevation and temperature. The new design is most appropriate for a survey telescope because locating the support above the vertex of the primary limits the range of motion of the mount to about 1 rad. A 30 m diameter, λ=850 μm telescope with the proposed mount is a factor of 4 lighter than a design with a conventional elevation-over-azimuth mount, and roughly half the cost.
Seasonal assessment of environmental tobacco smoke and respirable suspended particle exposures for nonsmokers in Bremen using personal monitoring.

Objective: Exposures to respirable suspended particles (RSP) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were assessed in Prague, Czech Republic, to determine the range and degree of personal exposure by means of personal monitoring over a 24-h period. Design: Self-reported nonsmokers were randomly selected from a representative sample of the population of Prague. Housewives were recruited into one group, primarily for assessment exposures in the home, and office workers were recruited into a second group for assessment of the contribution from the workplace. Methods: A total of 238 randomly selected nonsmoking subjects collected air samples near their breathing zone by wearing personal monitors for 24 h. Samples collected were analyzed for RSP, nicotine, 3-ethenylpyridine, and ETS particles (using ultraviolet absorbance, fluorescence, and solanesol measurements). Saliva cotinine analyses were also undertaken to confirm the nonsmoking status of the subjects. Results: The most highly exposed subjects in this study were office workers both living and working with smokers. Median time-weighted average exposure concentrations of 60 μg m−3 RSP, 16 μg m−3 ETS particles, and 1.6 μg m−3 nicotine were determined for these subjects, who also had the highest median saliva cotinine level of 2.4 ng ml−1. Housewives living in nonsmoking households were the least exposed subjects in this study, showing levels of 32 μg m−3 RSP, 0.17 μg m−3 ETS particles, and 0.15 μg m−3 nicotine. As based upon median levels of ETS particles and nicotine, no group would potentially inhale or be exposed to more than 10 cigarette equivalents per year (CE/y) and the least exposed would inhale less than 1 CE/y. The most highly exposed (90th percentile levels) nonsmokers in this study, who both worked and lived with smokers, would potentially inhale up to 29 CE/y. Overall, the workplace was estimated to contribute between 45% and 49% of the annual exposure to nicotine and ETS particles, respectively. On the basis of determined saliva cotinine concentrations, a misclassification rate of between 1.7% and 2.5% was calculated. Conclusions: Highest exposures were apparent for office workers both working and living in smoking environments, and our findings suggest a significant contribution to overall ETS particle and nicotine levels from the workplace where smoking takes place. Overall, the rates at which subjects were determined to have misclassified their smoking status in this study were the lowest observed in any of the European cities investigated to date. Clearly, a more sensitive method of analysis for cotinine in body fluids is needed for more accurate determination of the levels expected for nonsmokers.
Nuclear Matrix Elements in the First-Forbidden 2.2-MeV β Transition of La 140

The angular dependence of the circular polarization of the 1.6-MeV $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation following the 2.2-MeV $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition of ${\mathrm{La}}^{140}$ has been measured. The analysis of these data, together with $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ directional-correlation and spectrum-shape data, was made using exact electron wave functions and taking into consideration finite-nuclear-size effects. The nuclear beta matrix elements determined in this manner show that the deviations of the 2.2-MeV $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition from the Coulomb approximation is caused by a cancellation effect of the vector-type matrix elements and not by a selection-rule effect. The experimentally determined ratio of the $\ensuremath{\int}i\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and the $\ensuremath{\int}\mathrm{r}$ matrix elements does not agree well with the value predicted by Fujita on the basis of the conserved-vector-current theory. The discrepancy may be due to the presence of higher order effects in the 2.2-MeV $\ensuremath{\beta}$ transition of ${\mathrm{La}}^{140}$.
Nucleolar ribosomal precursor RNA and protein metabolism in human embryo kidney cultures infected with adenovirus 12.

Adenovirus infection is known to depress the synthesis of ribosomes throughout the period of intracellular virus accumulation. During most of this time, however, the 45 S nucleolar ribosomal precursor RNA continues to be synthesized, methylated, and processed. Furthermore, the rate of incorporation of radioactive uridine or methyl-labeled methionine into the 3 main peaks of nucleolar RNA at 45 S, 32 S, and 28 S in infected cells is approximately twice that in control cells during part of the time of active virus production. Both methylated 28 S and 18 S RNA can be detected in the nucleoplasm of infected cells. It is only late in infection, when virus maturation is complete or almost complete, that the rate of uridine or methyl label uptake into the 45 S, 32 S, and 28 S nucleolar ribosomal precursor RNA species decreases markedly. Double label coelectrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels shows extensive similarity between labeled nucleolar proteins from control cells and proteins from 50 S ribosomal particles. Adenovirus infection appears to inhibit the labeling of many nucleolar proteins that comigrate with ribosomal proteins.
Reactive proliferation of brain stem noradrenergic nerves following neonatal cerebellectomy in rats: role of target maturation on neuronal response to injury during development.

Abstract We sought to determine whether the reactive proliferation of noradrenergic neurons of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) produced in neonatal rats by systemic administration of neurotoxins is a consequence of selective damage to one or a few of the multiple projections from this nucleus. We compared the effects on some neurochemical and anatomical properties of central noradrenergic neurons of surgical interruption of projections from the LC to either cerebellum or forebrain at different times in early development of rat. Cerebellectomy performed on 3-day-old animals resulted in persistent elevations in the lower brain stem and LC, but not hippocampus in: (a) the activities of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine-β-hydroxylase; (b) the amounts of TH enzyme protein; (c) the V max for the high affinity uptake of [ 3 H]norepinephrine in homogenates of lower brain stem; and (d) the intensity and number of catecholaminergic fluorescent terminals within the region. In contrast, hemisection of the posterior hypothalamus transecting ascending projections from the LC to forebrain failed to produce any changes in the biochemical or morphological indices of noradrenergic neuronal function in LC, lower brain stem, or cerebellum. Neither cerebellectomy nor hypothalamic lesions resulted in substantial alterations in the postnatal development of glutamic acid decarboxylase of choline acetyltransferase activity regionally in brain. The effects of cerebellectomy on TH activity in LC or brain stem were gradually lost during the first 18 days of postnatal life.
Computer program for probit analyses

Abstract A computer program for probit analyses has been written in FORTRAN IV language. It will handle an infinite number of probit problems with up to 20 treatments of 10 doses each per problem. Automatic recycling of probits with output of all LD50's and potency ratios with 95% confidence limits are obtained.
The infrared spectrum of sulfuryl fluoride

Abstract The infrared spectrum of gaseous SO 2 F 2 has seen reinvestigatod between 250 cm − and 4000 cm −1 . The appearance of three previously unreported bands allows all nine fundamental vibration frequencies to be identified.
80 Gbit/s all-optical clock recovery using two-section gain-coupled DFB laser

All-optical clock recovery from 80 Gbit/s data stream has been demonstrated using a two-section gain-coupled DFB laser. Wavelength and polarisation insensitive operation was realised by wavelength conversion using a semiconductor optical amplifier.
Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder and Disgust Sensitivity

In recent years, research has shown disgust to be an emotion that contributes to many behaviors and interpersonal relationships. Individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) have difficulty with interpersonal relationships and tend to have intense emotions. This article reports findings of two studies investigating the relationship between characteristics of BPD and disgust sensitivity. In study 1, racially diverse undergraduates completed measures assessing their levels of borderline features, disgust sensitivity, and their Big Five personality traits. In study 2, a sample of adults completed measures assessing their levels of borderline features, disgust sensitivity across multiple domains, and their Big Five personality traits. Multiple regression analyses indicated higher BPD characteristics were associated with heightened pathogen disgust in both studies. Results of study 2 showed BPD features to be also associated with lowered moral disgust sensitivity.
Psychological impact of erectile dysfunction: validation of a new health related quality of life measure for patients with erectile dysfunction.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Male erectile dysfunction has a substantial impact on health related quality of life. We examined the psychometric properties of 2 new scales created to measure the psychological impact of erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods: Patients enrolled in a long-term study of men with erectile dysfunction completed clinical and health related quality of life information at baseline and at 3 followup points. The questionnaire incorporated a number of standard scales of psychosocial characteristics as well as questions developed from comments made during focus groups of men with erectile dysfunction and of their female partners. Principal components analysis was used to identify underlying constructs in response to the new questions.Results: A total of 168 men completed the baseline quality of life questionnaire. The principal components analysis of the psychological impact of erectile dysfunction questions resulted in 2 new scales. Reliability was good with an internal consistency reliabilit...
Personal reflections on Hugh Mullan: existential group therapist.

Abstract This article reviews the work of the psychiatrist Hugh Mullan, a pioneer of modern group therapy. Heavily influenced by existential philosophy, Hugh Mullan applied notions from that perspective to his innovative and unorthodox approach. Central to this was an early, indeed prescient, advocacy for the use of the therapist's personal subjectivity, striving for mutuality, and non-rational experience in the conduct of psychotherapy. This way of thinking was not in accord with prevailing theories throughout most of his life as a practitioner (1946–1986); Hugh Mullan was not considered a mainstream theorist in his time. However, contemporary relational theorists have begun to give these ideas a great deal of attention, offering validation and support for his original insights. This writer recalls, as well, his experience of Hugh Mullan as a therapist and mentor.
Volatile Liquid Precursors for the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of Thin Films Containing Alkali Metals

The first volatile, liquid compounds of alkali metals were synthesized and used for the CVD of materials containing alkali metals. Amides of the type MNR 1 (SiMe 2 R 2 ) and MN(SiMe 2 R 2 )2 [M = Li, Na, K; R 1 = t-butyl, t-amyl; R 2 = ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl] were made and characterized. The lithium amides were prepared via the deprotonation of the parent amine using butyl lithium. The sodium and potassium amides were formed by transamination of sodium amide and potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide with the parent amines. For example, lithium bis(ethyldimethylsilyl)amide was prepared from butyl lithium and bis(ethyldimethylsilyl)amine and was distilled as a clear, colorless liquid at 122 °C (0.2 Torr) having a viscosity of 37 cP at 40 °C. These alkali metal amides can be used as convenient liquid sources for CVD of mixed metal oxides containing alkali metals, such as the non-linear optical material lithium niobate, lithium-containing materials for battery electrodes, electrochromic tungsten bronzes, and the pyroelectric and ferroelectric material potassium tantalate.
Precision Measurements of Electromagnetic Transition Rates in A=10 Nuclei as a Test of Gfmc Ab-INITIO Calculations

A new generation of self-consistent calculations has deepened our understanding of how nuclei are bound and the structure and spatial extent of their wavefunctions. New methods are being developed to calculate nuclear properties starting from realistic unrenormalized two-body nucleon-nucleon potentials. Higher order correlations are needed to reproduce both masses and spectra, and the special importance of three-body correlations has become clear. Precise experimental measurements can help improve the calculations and constrain the form and strength of three body Hamiltonians. In this contribution, I will review new calculations on A=10 nuclei made with the Greens Function Monte Carlo method (GFMC) using a variety of three-body interactions, and new experiments designed to measure the lifetime of excited states with an improved Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM*). The electromagnetic matrix elements are determined to a level of precision, <5%, that really challenge GFMC and other contemporary theories.
EVIDENCE OF TERRESTRIAL DIETS IN PLIOCENE EURASIAN PAPIONINS (MAMMALIA: PRIMATES) INFERRED FROM LOW-MAGNIFICATION STEREOMICROSCOPY OF MOLAR ENAMEL USE-WEAR SCARS

Pliocene papionin monkeys of Eurasia, such as Paradolichopithecus arvernensis, Procynocephalus subhimalayanus, and Macaca sp. indet. from Yushe, are large-bodied and interpreted as at least partly terrestrial. Terrestriality in primates has implications for the dietary items consumed. Dietary proclivities from the evaluation of pit and scratch counts under low-magnification (35×) were inferred to address whether the diets of these Eurasian papionins differ and whether they correspond to extant primates (Papio ursinus, n = 24, Pan troglodytes, n = 9, and Gorilla gorilla, n = 10), three Plio-Pleistocene southern African fossil papionins with known isotopic values (Parapapio broomi, n = 14; Papio robinsoni, n = 10; Theropithecus oswaldi danieli, n = 8), or a Pliocene bipedal hominin (Australopithecus africanus, n = 8). Macaca sp. indet. from Yushe most closely resembles Australopithecus africanus from South Africa, which is characterized by evidence of some hard-object feeding. Paradolichopithecus from Romania and to a lesser extent Procynocephalus from northern India also exhibit use-wear scars associated with the ingestion of grit possibly associated with the exploitation of corms and bulbs of CAM or C4 plants. The dental microwear signal of grassland foraging typical of such C4 grazers as Theropithecus oswaldi danieli does not characterize other Plio-Pleistocene papionins. Pliocene papionin diets converge with those of Australopithecus, suggesting that global climate cooling intensifying during the Pliocene may have led both early baboon-like monkeys and australopiths to increase consumption of nutrient-rich edible plant storage organs in these fragmented and partially open habitats of the temperate Old World.
Cartilage and Bone

Cartilage and bone are the supporting, or skeletal tissues, formed of specialized connective tissues. They provide a rigid protective and supporting framework for most of the soft tissues of the body (such as brain, spinal cord, and trachea). Like general connective tissue, the skeletal tissues are composed of cells (chondrocytes or osteocytes), fibers (collagen or elastic fibers), and ground substance. It is the ground substance that gives rise to the various features or functions of skeletal tissues.
Near-term distributed simulation of apparel manufacturing

The design and implementation of a near-term simulator for apparel manufacturing are described. The primary purpose of a simulator is to provide management with a tool for production planning. In order to run as accurate a simulation as possible, data describing the status of the apparel plant are continually collected by a real-time shop-floor control system. These data are then used as input to the simulator. In order to increase the speed of the simulator and reduce the response time, the simulator is implemented on a multiprocessor system consisting of 17 T-800 Inmos Transputers with a Compaq Deskpro 386/25 serving as the front-end processor. A user enters a plan for the next production period and receives back more than 70 different measures of performance of shop-floor operations. The user may iterate this process, making modifications to the plan, until the simulated shop-floor performance is satisfactory. The final result is a detailed plan for the next production period. >
A transportable neural network controller for autonomous vehicle following

This paper presents the development and testing of a neural network controller for autonomous vehicle following. Autonomous vehicle following is defined as a vehicle controlling its own steering and speed while following a lead vehicle. The strength of the developed controller is that no characterization of vehicle dynamics is needed. As a result it can be transported to any vehicle regardless of its nonlinear and often unobservable dynamics. Data for the range and heading angle of the lead vehicle were collected for various paths with a human driver performing the vehicle following control function. The data was collected for different driving maneuvers including straight paths, lane changing and right/left turns. Two time-delay backpropagation neural networks were then trained based on the data obtained under manual control, one network for speed control and the other for steering control. After training, the vehicle following was done using the trained neural network controller. The results obtained and presented on a video tape indicate that it is feasible to employ a neural network to satisfactorily perform autonomous vehicle following.
Effectiveness of the Gas Turbine Endwall Fences in Secondary Flow Control at Elevated Freestream Turbulence Levels

A secondary flow management technique which employs a boundary layer fence on the endwall of a gas turbine passage is evaluated under freestream turbulence conditions that are representative of turbine conditions. A turbulence generator, which was able to reproduce the characteristics of the combustor exit flow, was used. The horseshoe and passage vortices observed in previous tests with low turbulence level remain coherent and strong within the cascade passage when the intensity is elevated to 10 percent. A boundary layer fence on the endwall remains effective in changing the path of the horseshoe vortex and reducing the influence of the vortex on the flow near the suction wall at the high freestream turbulence level. The fence is more effective in reducing the secondary flow for the high turbulence case than for a low 11 case, probably because the vortex which has been deflected into the core flow diffuses and dissipates faster in the more turbulent flow. The fence decreases aerodynamic losses for streamlines within the core of the channel flow. NOMENCLATURE chord� (mm) specific heat of the air (kJ/kgK) total pressure coefficient. (Pt-Ptr)/(0.5pU.2) secondary kinetic energy coefficient, (v2+w2)/UO2 height of the fence� (mm) pressure side leg of horseshoe vortex suction side leg of horseshoe vortex heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K) power spectral density (e.g. u'2(f, df)/di), � (m2/s2) total pressure total pressure in freestream upstream of the cascade Reynolds number Reynolds number based on the chord length curvilinear distance from stagnation line along suction wall (mm)
Platelet-activating factor augments lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide formation by rat Kupffer cells

Abstract Acute endotoxic shock is accompanied by an increase in the production of nitric oxide (NO) by several different hepatic cell types. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory mediator with many pathophysiological actions and, in fact, elevated plasma and tissue levels of PAF are observed in animal models of endotoxic shock. The current study demonstrates that PAF induced nitrite formation, the end product of nitric oxide synthesis, by Kupffer cells in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Moreover, PAF was seen to initiate NO synthase gene expression and protein synthesis. PAF augmented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA (mRNA), protein, nitrite and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in Kupffer cells. Treatment of Kupffer cells with actinomycin D or cycloheximide inhibited PAF- and LPS-stimulated nitrite and nitric oxide synthase protein formation confirming that de novo synthesis of the enzyme occurred. In Kupffer cells, the presence of an arginine analog, N G -methyl-L-arginine, attenuated nitrite formation induced by PAF and LPS alone or in combination. L-arginine is the principal substrate for nitric oxide synthase. PAF and LPS individually and in combination induced a time-dependent uptake of L-[ 3 H]-arginine into the Kupffer cell, and this response was sensitive to cycloheximide. The current study indicates that exogenous PAF contributes to the induction of nitric oxide synthase by LPS in cultured rat Kupffer cells. (Hepatology 1996 Jun;23(6):1622-30)
High-flow nasal cannula for neonatal respiratory distress: is it enough?

CPAP is the most studied form of noninvasive ventilation in neonates, and early investigations focused on the use of CPAP following surfactant administration, to minimize the need for invasive mechanical ventilation.[1][1] Verder and colleagues demonstrated that a strategy of CPAP following brief
CHEMICAL INTERACTIONS AT METAL-POLYMER INTERFACES.

This paper summarizes recent studies on metal-polymer interfaces for Cu, Ni and Cr on a high temperature polymer, polyimide. First some surface and bulk chemical properties of polyimide are described briefly, as measured with surface spectroscopies and verified by theoretical molecular orbital calculations. Then the chemical bonding and reactivity of the three interfaces are described and discussed in light of experimental observations of electronic structure, composition and interface morphology. The chemical trend of increasing reactivity of the interface is illustrated by comparing results from Cu to Cr.