cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation among [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, cancer antigen 27.29, and circulating tumor cell testing in metastatic breast cancer.

Abstract Background Tumor marker cancer antigen (CA) 27.29 and combined [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scans are used to follow up response to treatment and disease progression in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Recently, circulating tumor cell testing (CTC) has been used in this context. It is not known if 1 of the 3 tests can be a surrogate for another. Patients and Methods We analyzed a database of 35 patients with MBC. There were 173 time points (≥ 6 weeks apart) when ≥ 2 of these tests were performed. Correlation among all the 3 tests was statistically analyzed. Results Results of PET/CT scans were compared with CA 27.29 at 163 time points. There was a statistically significant correlation between both groups ( P = .02); however, sensitivity of CA 27.29 to detect metastatic disease observed on PET/CT scan was 59%. The results of PET/CT scans were compared with CTC at 93 events, where there was a statistically significant correlation between both groups ( P = .0002); however, sensitivity of CTC to detect metastatic disease shown on PET/CT scans was 55%. Cancer antigen 27.29 results were also compared to CTC at 100 events, where there was a statistically significant correlation between both groups ( P = .0002). However, only 64% of patients with high CA 27.29 had abnormal CTC. Conclusion Our data shows correlation among PET/CT scan, CA 27.29, and CTC. However, both CA 27.29 and CTC had poor sensitivity and negative predictive value to detect metastatic disease observed on PET/CT scan. Normal CA 27.29 testing or CTC has to be interpreted cautiously in patients with MBC.
Effectiveness of 1 Dose of 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine at Preventing Hospitalization With Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Children Aged 7 Months–9 Years

The availability of a well-established immunization registry to provide vaccination information, a school-located vaccination campaign followed by continued 2009 influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) activity, and a requirement to report hospitalized influenza cases provided an opportunity to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of an initial dose of pH1N1 monovalent vaccine in children aged 7 months-9 years. Seventy-eight case children and 729 date-of-birth- and zipcode-matched controls were studied. The VE of a single vaccine dose in preventing pH1N1 hospitalization ≥ 14 days after vaccination was 82% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0%-100%; P = .04) in children aged 3-9 years but was zero (-3%; 95% CI, <0%-75%) in children aged 7-35 months. These findings are consistent with those from prelicensure immunogenicity studies and have implications for interpretation of immunogenicity studies and setting priorities for vaccination of young children in future pandemics. Immunization registries can provide a simple, rapid assessment of VE to evaluate and inform vaccination policy.
An adaptive offset cancellation mixer for direct conversion receivers in 2.4 GHz CMOS

In this paper we present a new circuit design for a 2.4 GHz CMOS direct conversion mixer incorporating adaptive offset cancellation. The basic circuit structure is that of a Gilbert cell mixer. Offsets are cancelled by dynamically varying the bias on the loads, which are designed to provide constant impedance independent of the load cancellation current. The bias control is regulated via an adaptive dual-loop (gear-shifting) algorithm. Performance is good when canceling offsets of any realistic magnitude. The mixer has a gain of 6.4 dB, IIP3 of 17 dBm and noise figure of 17 dB.
Mesoporous zirconium oxide nanomaterials effectively enrich phosphopeptides for mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics

This work represents the first use of mesoporous zirconium oxide nanomaterials for highly effective and selective enrichment of phosphorylated peptides.
Funding Priorities in Animal Reproduction at the United States Department of Agriculture's Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service

The National Research Initiative (NRI) Competitive Grants Program is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's major competitive grants program and is administered by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES). Since its inception in 1991, the NRI has funded competitive grants in the discipline of animal reproduction. Previously, this program provided funding for a broad range of projects encompassing almost every subdiscipline in reproductive biology of farm animals, including aquatic species important to the aquaculture industry. During fiscal year 2004, the NRI Animal Reproduction Program narrowed the focus of funding priorities to the topics of infertility, basic mechanisms regulating fertility, cryopreservation of gametes, reducing the postpartum interval to conception, and sterilization methods or development of monosex populations. In response to a directive to further narrow the focus of funding priorities for fiscal year 2005 and beyond, CSREES conducted a Stakeholder Workshop on Funding Priorities in Animal Reproduction at the 37th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction in Vancouver, Canada. More than 75 stakeholder scientists from a cross section of federal, public, and private institutions from across the United States participated in the workshop and provided recommendations to CSREES for future NRI-funding priorities in Animal Reproduction. The recommendations provided by stakeholders included continuing efforts to focus funding priorities into fewer high-impact areas relevant to animal agriculture and aquaculture. Recommendations also included movement back toward subdisciplines of animal reproduction that cut across all applicable species. The three funding priorities that consistently emerged as recommendations from the workshop participants were 1) gonadal function and production of gametes, 2) pituitary-hypothalamic function, and 3) embryo and conceptus development, including interaction between the conceptus and uterus. These funding priorities were considered when preparing the fiscal year 2006 NRI Request for Applications.
A framework for femtocells to access both licensed and unlicensed bands

Cellular operators have been offloading data traffic from their licensed bands to unlicensed bands through a large number of WiFi hotspots over the past years. Although this approach improves the cellular network capacity to some extent, it falls short of getting significant throughput gains. In this paper, it is argued that femtocells, covering a short range, can be a perfect platform to jointly exploit the merits of both licensed and unlicensed frequency bands. In particular, a framework is proposed for a femtocell to simultaneously access both licensed and unlicensed bands. The performance of coexisting femtocell and WiFi networks operating over a fully-utilized unlicensed band are analytically modeled and are verified via simulations. Impact of femtocell channel access parameters on the performance of WiFi and cellular networks is also investigated, shedding light on how a femtocell can best adjust its channel access parameters to coexist with incumbent unlicensed spectrum users like WiFi networks.
Transient Features in Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields Differentially Modulate Mitochondria and Viability

It is hypothesized that high frequency components of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), determined by transient pulse features, are important for maximizing electric field interactions with intracellular structures. For monopolar square wave pulses, these transient features are determined by the rapid rise and fall of the pulsed electric fields. To determine effects on mitochondria membranes and plasma membranes, N1-S1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells were exposed to single 600 ns pulses with varying electric fields (0–80 kV/cm) and short (15 ns) or long (150 ns) rise and fall times. Plasma membrane effects were evaluated using Fluo-4 to determine calcium influx, the only measurable source of increases in intracellular calcium. Mitochondria membrane effects were evaluated using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) to determine mitochondria membrane potentials (ΔΨm). Single pulses with short rise and fall times caused electric field-dependent increases in calcium influx, dissipation of ΔΨm and cell death. Pulses with long rise and fall times exhibited electric field-dependent increases in calcium influx, but diminished effects on dissipation of ΔΨm and viability. Results indicate that high frequency components have significant differential impact on mitochondria membranes, which determines cell death, but lesser variances on plasma membranes, which allows calcium influxes, a primary determinant for dissipation of ΔΨm and cell death.
The Effect of Solubility and Particle Size of Calcium Sources on Shell Quality and Bone Mineralization

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two Ca sources of similar particle size (pulverized limestone, PL; and pulverized oyster shell, POS) with different in vitro solubility (47 vs. 88% for PL and POS, respectively) in the presence and absence of oyster shell particles (OS) on performance and shell quality. The experiment consisted of a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement of the treatments, with three levels of Ca (3, 3.5 and 4%) and four sources of supplemental Ca (all PL, all POS, 2/3 PL plus 1/3 OS, and 2.3 POS plus 1/3 OS). Body weight gain and feed intake for the entire experiment were greater for hens fed 3% than for hens fed the other Ca levels, but they were lower for hens fed all the supplemental Ca as POS than for the other sources of Ca. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion were not influenced by the Ca levels or the Ca sources for the entire experiment. Dietary treatments did not influence bone ash. Specific gravity was significantly lower for hens fed the 3% Ca than for hens fed the higher Ca levels, though in vitro solubility of Ca sources in the range used in this study did not influence it. OS seemed to improve specific gravity, however.
Neuropsychological evaluation in rehabilitation planning and evaluation of functional skills

This paper focuses on the benefits of neuropsychological assessment for evaluating a brain-injured person's functional abilities and rehabilitation needs. The importance of early assessment in addressing these goals is discussed. Strengths and weaknesses of neuropsychological assessment for predicting a person's ability to participate in normal activities of daily living are considered. Test data taken alone often lack ecological validity, but nevertheless, specific test findings can be used to predict functional skills. The ecological validity of neuropsychological testing can be extended by observing the patient's approach to tasks in the assessment environment and by observing the patient in his or her normal activities. Evaluation information obtained by allied rehabilitation professionals, including occupational and speech and language therapies, can be integrated with neuropsychological test data to both extend the generalizability of our findings and to validate hypotheses generated from our test data. The use of neuropsychological test data in planning a cognitive rehabilitation program is also considered.
Glut1 deficiency: Inheritance pattern determined by haploinsufficiency

Two families manifesting Glut1 deficiency syndrome (DS) as an autosomal recessive trait are described. In 1 family, a severely affected boy inherited a mutated allele from his asymptomatic heterozygous mother. A de novo mutation developed in the paternal allele, producing compound heterozygosity. In another family, 2 mildly affected sisters inherited mutations from their asymptomatic heterozygous consanguineous parents. Red blood cell glucose uptake residual activity, a surrogate of haploinsufficiency, correlated with the clinical severity. These cases demonstrate that Glut1 DS may present as an autosomal recessive trait. The clinical pattern of inheritance is determined by the relative pathogenicity of the mutation and the resulting degree of haploinsufficiency.
Piezoelectric sensors and actuators: smart materials

'Smart' materials have the ability to perform both sensing and actuating functions. Passively smart materials respond to external change in a useful manner without assistance, while actively smart materials have a feedback loop which allows them to both recognize the change and initiate an appropriate response through an actuator circuit. One of the techniques used to impart intelligence into materials is 'Biomimetics', the imitation of biological functions in engineering materials. Composite ferroelectrics fashioned after the lateral line and swim bladders of fish are used to illustrate this idea. 'Very smart' materials, in addition to sensing and actuating, have the ability to 'learn' by altering their property coefficients in response to the environment. Field-induced changes in the nonlinear properties of relaxor ferroelectrics and soft rubber are utilized to construct tunable transducers. Integration of these different technologies into compact, multifunction packages is the ultimate goal of research in the area of smart materials. >
Ecological Consequences of Ground Water Discharge to Delaware Bay, United States

Submarine ground water discharge to the ocean has the potential to create estuarine conditions near the point of discharge, thereby dramatically altering local benthic habitats and ecology. Aerial thermal infrared imaging along the southwestern margin of Delaware Bay indicated abundant discharge at Cape Henlopen, Delaware, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean. On the sandflat there, we have documented low salinity in sedimentary pore waters within 20 m of the beachface that are associated with dense assemblages (in thousands per square meter) of a deep, burrow-dwelling polychaete worm, Marenzelleria viridis, otherwise regarded as a species characteristic of fresher, oligohaline conditions. Where present, M. viridis is a numerical and biomass dominant in a benthic community strikingly different from that in nearby nonseep locations. At Cape Henlopen, the ecological role of the ground water discharge appears to be a multifaceted one. Seeps are localized regions of significantly reduced salinity, stabilized temperature, increased nutrient flux, high microalgal abundance, and enhanced sediment stability. M. viridis feeds on sediment diatoms and may provide an important trophic linkage between microalgal growth fueled by nutrients associated with the discharging ground water and worm-feeding predators such as bottom fish or shorebirds common on the Cape Henlopen sandflat. Calculations based on our sampling suggest that nutrients supplied by the ground water substantially exceed what is needed to support benthic biomass and productivity estimated for this site.
Beginning ESL Learners’ Noticing of Morphological and Syntactic Changes in Recasts

Recasts, a type of implicit corrective feedback, are thought to be capable of drawing learners’ attention to mismatches between their non-target-like items and the corresponding target forms. While a great many studies have tried to compare the effectiveness of recasts, few have attempted to determine whether learners actually notice the language forms used in the recasts. The present study has sought to bridge this gap by investigating the extent to which beginning learners actually notice the morphological and syntactic changes that occur in recasts of their non-target-like utterances in the context of dyadic oral interaction. The participants in the study, two Korean beginning learners of English, received intensive recasts of their morphological and syntactic errors over a period of four months. Learner responses were taken as the primary indication of noticing, which is viewed in this study as “what is both detected and then further activated following the allocation of attentional resources” (Robinson, 1995, p. 297). Results suggest that the learners’ noticing was constrained not only by the number of changes in the recasts, but also by the linguistic domains of those changes. Issues related to the study’s findings, such as working memory capacity and perceptual salience, are discussed.
An unusually facile SnAr 14-membered biaryl ether macrocyclization reaction suitable for preparation of the cycloisodityrosine subunit of bouvardin, deoxybouvardin and related agents

Abstract A facile synthesis of the core cycloisodityrosine 14-membered ring system is detailed based on a key intramolecular SnAr biaryl ether ring closure.
Terminal Summation: Extending the concept of convergence

This paper presents an atypical method for summing divergent series, and provides a sum for the divergent series log(n). We use an idea of T.E. Phipps, called Terminal Summation, which uses asymptotic analysis to assign a value to divergent series. The method associates a series to an appropriate difference equations having boundary conditions at infinity, and solves the difference equations which then provide a value for the original series. We point out connections between Phipps' method, the Euler-MacLaurin sum formula, the Ramanujan sum and other traditional methods for summing divergent series.
Alliance Process: A Micro Behavioral View

Alliances are subject to heightened instability and while process based explanations are attracting increasing attention (e.g., Ring & Van De Ven, 1994), process based theorizing continues to remain an emergent field of study. In this paper I articulate a process based perspective of alliance instability that is rooted in the motivational orientation of the alliance boundary spanners (Das & Kumar, 2011). The process based perspective exemplifies the micro behavioral view which highlights the importance of individual’s cognitions and actions in shaping alliance outcomes. The paper explicates the linkages between the alliance boundary spanners motivational orientation, the alliance discrepancy model, and legitimacy repair strategies. I postulate that alliance boundary spanners may possess either a promotion focused or a prevention focused self-regulatory system. Alliance boundary spanners with a promotion focus are geared towards maximizing positive outcomes whereas alliance boundary spanners with a prevention focused self-regulatory system are geared towards minimizing negative outcomes. Alliance partners with a promotion focused self-regulatory system will detect outcome discrepancies sooner whereas alliance partners with a prevention focused self-regulatory system will detect process discrepancies sooner. Unfavorable outcome discrepancies are associated with a crisis of pragmatic legitimacy whereas unfavorable process discrepancies are associated with a crisis of moral legitimacy. I discuss the alternative ways in which alliance partners can seek to repair legitimacy. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Using US Tuning to Effect: the American Historical Association's Tuning Project and the First Year Research Paper.

While research has long been recognized as a high impact practice in undergraduate education, much of the scholarship on undergraduate research has focused on students in the final years of their d...
Population Size as a Factor in Response to Selection for Eight-Week Body Weight in White Leghorns

Abstract Selection for 8-week body weight was conducted for three generations in populations of effective population sizes (Ne) of 14.55, 7.27, and 3.64. Four replicate selected and control lines were observed in each effective population size. Selection intensity was kept as constant as possible in all population sizes. While the data showed considerable variability, in general there was a significant linear decrease in the mean cumulative gain as population size decreased and a linear decline in the gain per generation as the generation number increased. The importance of these results in the design and interpretation of selection experiments is discussed.
Experimental results bearing on the etiology of cystic growths in the ovary and uterus of the guinea pig

In experiments on underfeeding it was found that malnutrition readily gave rise to marked cystic conditions in the ovaries of healthy young guinea pigs. Such cystic conditions are, of course, frequently found in normal stock but here especially in old or unhealthy specimens.The changed nutritive conditions in the reproductive organs of underfed animals cause circulatory congestion, and as was pointed out in a previous communication1 such conditions suppress the œstrous changes and prevent ovulation in these animals. The congestion and the high pressure resulting therefrom seem to favor the proliferation of the epithelial lining of the epididymal tubules located near one pole of the ovary, and the accumulation of fluid within the lumen of the blind tubules.The malnutrition expresses itself first within the ovary by a wholesale degeneration of developing follicles which seem to respond most delicately to changes in nutritive conditions. The congestion and follicular degeneration seem then to favor an overgr...
OBSERVATION ON THE GERMICIDAL EFFICACY AND TOXICITY OF A FAST HAND DISINFECTANT

Objective To observe the germicidal efficacy and toxicity of the a fast hand disinfectant containing ethanol as the main gemicidal ingredient.Methods Suspension quantitative gemicidal test and animal toxicity test were used to carry out laboratory study.Results The average killing logarithm value of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in suspension exposed to the disinfectant containing 80%(v/v) ethanol for 1 min was 5.00.The killing logarithm value of Candida albicans exposed to the same disinfectant for 1 min was 4.00.The mouse oral toxicity LD50 of the disinfectant was 12.6 g/kg·bw,which belongs to practically non-toxic class.The stock solution of the disinfectant was not irritating to skin of healthy rabbit.Conclusions The fast hand disinfectant has good germicidal efficacy.Mouse acute oral toxicity test showed that it belongs to practically non-toxic class.It is not irritating to skin.
In Defense of Piecemeal Skepticism

Anthony Brueckner and Jon Altschul suggest a version of skepticism according to which the skeptic posits a distinct skeptical hypothesis for each external world proposition that a person claims to know. In a recent issue of this journal, Eric Yang argues against this piecemeal approach. In this note, I show that Yang’s argument against piecemeal skepticism is fallacious.
Prevention and Control Strategy to Eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Effect Evaluation in Luzhou

Objective To study the prevention and cure strategy to eliminate iodine deficiency disorder(IDD) and reach the goal of elimination IDD in Luzhou.Methods Iodized salt was provide to residents in Luzhou,iodine supplement was conducted among special population at high risk such as children and women aged 18-40 years.Meanwhile the continuous surveillance of iodized salt and strict supervision on salt market were conducted.In addition,a set of new models on health education,iodized salt surveillance,supervision/management of salt market and prevention/cure of IDD were established,and multi-sector cooperation was conducted for the elimination of IDD.Results On the basis of basic eradication of IDD In Luzhou in 2005,the goal of eradication of IDD was reached in 3 districts of 4 counties in Luzhou in 2009.Conclusion The long-term mechanism with more attention from government,co-operation from sections' of government and non-government organizations had achieved great success in elimination of IDD in Luzhou.
Urinary Bladder Paragangliomas: Analysis of Succinate Dehydrogenase and Outcome

Paragangliomas of the urinary bladder can arise sporadically or as a part of hereditary syndromes including those with underlying mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes, which serve as tumor suppressors. SDH deficiency can be screened for by absence of immunohistochemical detection of SDHB. In this study of 11 cases, clinical follow-up was available for 9/11 cases. The cases were reviewed and graded based on the grading system for adrenal pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (GAPP) criteria. Immunohistochemistry was performed for Ki67 and SDHB. Proliferative index was calculated by quantification of Ki67-positive cells at hot spots. The medical record was accessed for documentation of germline SDH mutations. Urinary bladder paragangliomas had a female predilection (8/11 cases), and 5/11 cases exhibited metastatic behavior. Patients with metastatic disease tended to be younger (mean age 43 vs 49 years), have larger lesions (5.8 vs 1.5 cm), and presented with catecholamine excess (4/4 vs 2/6 patients with non-metastatic lesions). Patients with metastatic disease had a higher mean Ki67 proliferation rate (4.9 vs 1.3 %) and GAPP score (mean of 5.8 vs 3.8) (p = 0.01). IHC for SDHB expression revealed loss of expression in 2/6 cases of non-metastatic paragangliomas compared to 4/5 patients with metastatic paragangliomas. Interestingly, of these four patients, two had a documented mutation of SDHB, one patient had a SDHC mutation, and another patient had a history of familial disease without mutation analysis being performed. Our study, suggests that SDH loss was suggestive of metastatic behavior in addition to younger age at diagnosis, larger tumor size, and higher Ki67 proliferation rate and catecholamine type.
Evaluation of Importance of Cystoscopy in Staging Gynecologic Carcinomas

Abstract Of 265 patients with gynecologic carcinoma undergoing initial evaluation during a 5-year period 238 were staged prospectively with procedures that included cystoscopy. Endometrial carcinoma was noted in 98 patients, none of whom had evidence of bladder extension nor did the clinical stage of disease change after cystoscopy. Of 120 patients with carcinoma of the cervix 7 were found to have extension of tumor to the bladder. The clinical stage waselevated in 3 of these cases but remained unchanged in 4 because of the cystoscopic findings. Of all 238 patients with gynecologic carcinoma 3 (1 per cent) also were found to have unsuspected low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Local Anchorage of Kinetochore-Fibers to the Mammalian Spindle Provides Mechanical Isolation and Load-Bearing Redundancy

During cell division, kinetochores attach chromosomes to the spindle through microtubule bundles called k-fibers. Forces generated at kinetochores move chromosomes, rather than k-fibers; thus, the latter must be structurally anchored to the spindle. How a dynamic spindle robustly anchors its k-fibers is not understood. Here, we probe where and how the mammalian spindle holds on to its k-fibers to bear the load of chromosome movement. We use laser ablation to sever k-fibers at different locations and detach them from spindle poles, thereby revealing their anchorage within the spindle body. The immediate relaxation response post-ablation indicates that k-fibers are anchored not only at their ends, but also along their lengths within the spindle. Effective anchorage scales with k-fiber length for the first few microns, but then saturates, indicating that k-fibers are effectively locally anchored within the first few microns of their lengths. This anchorage also occurs locally along the spindle's width, as little load is shared between neighboring k-fibers. We find that increasing microtubule crosslinking increases k-fiber anchorage, and that depleting NuMA, known to crosslink microtubules at poles, significantly disrupts local anchorage of k-fibers to the spindle body. In contrast, depletion of microtubule crosslinkers Eg5 and PRC1 does not affect anchorage despite these proteins’ local mechanical functions. Together, the data indicate that NuMA-mediated microtubule crosslinking in the spindle body allows for local anchorage and isolation of k-fibers, and mechanical redundancy in their connections to the spindle. Such mechanical isolation and redundancy are well-suited to ensure robust k-fiber load-bearing and chromosome segregation despite dynamic spindle forces and structures.
Patriarchy and women's multidimensional agency: A case study of a Mexican sending village

Abstract This article examines women's multidimensional agency. It argues that in the context of international migration, the complexity of women's agency is highlighted when women, embedded within a patriarchal structure, adapt, negotiate, resist, and/or transform the meaning of the schemas or normative orientations that compose this structure as they address existing economic or affective stresses. Drawing from a qualitative case study of women in a Mexican sending village, we contend that women's multidimensional agency is highlighted as women's responsibility of motherhood (i.e. “motherhood” schema) drives their participation in the labor market (i.e. “fatherhood” schema) as an extension of caring for their children. In addition, we argue that within a constraining patriarchal context, the multifaceted interpretation and reprioritization of the patriarchal schemas, and the resulting blurring of private and public spaces, create both added stresses (e.g. gendered regulation, mobility constraints, and self-doubt) as well as empowering and liberating experiences for women.
Immunosuppressive Therapy in Human Myocarditis

The role of infection in initiating deleterious immune responses which precipitate chronic heart disease was first proposed in the early nineteenth century [28]. However, more than 150 years passed before an accurate diagnosis of myocarditis could be established during life and pharmacologic agents that alter host immune responses incorporated into clinical practice.
Posttraumatic Parotid Sialocele Complicating a Mandibular Fracture: A Case Report

Blunt trauma to the parotid resulting in the formation of a sialocele is rare, with only three cases identified in the literature. We present a unique case involving a 32-year-old man with blunt trauma resulting in a left mandibular angle fracture. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the left mandibular angle fracture via transoral approach. At follow-up, after resolution of the edema from the injury, a sialocele was noted in the region of the left anterior parotid gland. The patient was treated conservatively with antisialagogues, pressure dressings, and multiple percutaneous aspirations that ultimately resulted in resolution of the sialocele.
Acceptance of a Healthier Substitute for Regular Pepperoni Pizza among Campus Consumers

One of the best selling items in campus dining facilities is pepperoni pizza, which typically contains high levels of calories, sodium and fat. Excessive consumption of calorie- dense and sodium and fat-laden foods is associated with higher risks for some chronic diseases. Altering the amounts of ingredients used can significantly improve the nutrient composition of these foods. The purpose of this study was to examine the consumer acceptance of a top-selling university pizza with different amounts of cheese and crust. Six treatments of pizza were prepared including regular crust and 100% cheese, regular crust and 75% cheese, regular crust and 50% cheese, thin crust and 100% cheese, thin crust and 75% cheese, and thin crust and 50% cheese. The pizza treatments were evaluated using untrained panelists (n= 84) with a hedonic scale to measure acceptance. Analysis of variance was used to establish significant differences among the pizza treatments. The pizza with thin crust and 75% cheese was the most preferred pizza, followed by regular crust with 75% cheese. The effect of cheese on consumer acceptance was significant. Our research indicates that campus consumers may accept a healthier substitute for regular pepperoni pizza by altering the amounts of cheese and crust.
Arthropod Innate Immune Systems and Vector-Borne Diseases.

Arthropods, especially ticks and mosquitoes, are the vectors for a number of parasitic and viral human diseases, including malaria, sleeping sickness, Dengue, and Zika, yet arthropods show tremendous individual variation in their capacity to transmit disease. A key factor in this capacity is the group of genetically encoded immune factors that counteract infection by the pathogen. Arthropod-specific pattern recognition receptors and protease cascades detect and respond to infection. Proteins such as antimicrobial peptides, thioester-containing proteins, and transglutaminases effect responses such as lysis, phagocytosis, melanization, and agglutination. Effector responses are initiated by damage signals such as reactive oxygen species signaling from epithelial cells and recognized by cell surface receptors on hemocytes. Antiviral immunity is primarily mediated by siRNA pathways but coupled with interferon-like signaling, antimicrobial peptides, and thioester-containing proteins. Molecular mechanisms of imm...
The Recent Glaciation

In contrast to the formerly much greater ice extent discussed in Chapter 3, the present glaciation is limited to the three highest mountains of East Africa, Kilimanjaro, the Ruwenzori, and Mount Kenya. In all three areas there are indications of a drastic glacier recession since the earliest visits to the peak regions at the end of the last century. The objectives of this chapter are to create an inventory of the present ice extent, and to reconstruct the glacier variations in the course of the past century on the basis of historical documentation.
A retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of antipsychotics in the treatment of ICU delirium.

Abstract Purpose Conflicting data exists on the efficacy of antipsychotics for treatment of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium. The purpose of this study was to compare time to delirium resolution for ICU patients who were managed with and without antipsychotics. Materials and methods This retrospective cohort evaluation included patients admitted to 12 ICUs at 5 sites over 5 weeks diagnosed with delirium. The primary outcome was time to delirium resolution. Secondary outcomes included ICU length of stay (LOS), mortality, discharge disposition and delirium redevelopment. A Cox proportional hazards model explored the relationship between covariates including antipsychotics and time to delirium resolution. Results A total of 255 patients met inclusion criteria; 69 (27%) received antipsychotics. In the antipsychotic group, time to resolution of delirium was longer (Median: 36 hours vs. 13 hours, p Conclusions While the treatment of delirium with antipsychotics remains common, antipsychotics were not associated with a shorter time to resolution of delirium.
Consumer Litigation Funding and Medical Malpractice Litigation: Examining the Effect of Rancman v. Interim Settlement Funding Corporation

Consumer litigation funding, a growing industry in the United States, is an alternative credit source for cash-strapped tort plaintiffs. Financiers give plaintiffs nonrecourse loans that are premised on lawsuit outcomes. This article is the first to empirically examine the effect of consumer litigation funding. Specifically, I explore the impact of nonrecourse loans on medical malpractice litigation outcomes by exploiting the variation in timing and geography from two Ohio policy changes: the Ohio Supreme Court's 2003 ban of funding in Rancman v. Interim Settlement Funding Corporation and the state's subsequent legislative legalization of funding in 2008. Using closed-claim data from the National Practitioner Data Bank, I find evidence that the availability of funding increases claim payment and claim duration.
Mapping Out Climate Change: Assessing How Coastal Communities Adapt Using Alternative Future Scenarios

ABSTRACT Lipiec, E.; Ruggiero, P.; Mills, A.; Serafin, K.A.; Bolte, J.; Corcoran, P.; Stevenson, J.; Zanocco, C., and Lach, D., 2018. Mapping out climate change: Assessing how coastal communities adapt using alternative future scenarios. Coastal communities are increasingly experiencing climate change–induced coastal disasters and chronic flooding and erosion. Decision makers and the public alike are struggling to reconcile the lack of “fit” between a rapidly changing environment and relatively rigid governance structures. In efforts to bridge this environment-governance gap in Tillamook County, Oregon, stakeholders formed a knowledge-to-action network (KTAN). The KTAN examined alternative future coastal policy and climate scenarios through extensive stakeholder engagement and the spatially explicit agent-based modeling framework Envision. The KTAN's results were further evaluated through a two-step mixed methods approach. First, KTAN-identified metrics were quantitatively assessed and compared under pres...
Kurt Schneider (1887–1967): First- and Second- Rank Symptoms, Not Pathognomonic of Schizophrenia, Explained by Psychotic Mood Disorders

Kurt Schneider was born in 1887 in Crailsheim, Kingdom of Wurttemberg. He went to medical school in Berlin and Tubingen. After serving in World War I, he obtained his postgraduate qualification in psychiatry. In 1931, he became the director of the Psychiatric Research Institute in Munich, previously founded by Kraepelin. He served as an army doctor during World War II and in 1946 took the chair as professor of psychiatry and neurology at the University of Heidelberg, School of Medicine where he became dean. He retired in 1955. Schneider was influenced by Kraepelin and Karl Jaspers who developed the school of “phenomenology.”
A Short History of Digestive Endocrinology

In digestive endocrinology, as in other branches of science, most of the contributions have stemmed from a few epoch-making discoveries: 1 PHYSIOLOGICAL ORIGINS. On January 16, 1902, Bayliss and Starling1 performed what they quite appropriately perceived to be “the crucial experiment” showing that putting acid into the jejunum still stimulated pancreatic secretion after all nervous connections between the two organs had been cut. Correctly deducing what the nature of the non-nervous mechanism must be, they made an extract of jejunal mucosa and showed that it stimulated pancreatic secretion when given intravenously whereas an extract of ileal mucosa did not. Bayliss and Starling recognized that they had not only discovered a new substance, secretin, but had also introduced a new concept, the regulation of bodily activities by blood borne chemical messengers or hormones. And thus was born the science of endocrinology in general as well as digestive endocrinology in particular. In due course, almost every digestive function was studied to determine whether it might have an endocrine component in its regulation.
Stress Urinary Incontinence Management in the Patient With Overactive Bladder

Mixed urinary incontinence is a common diagnosis that has significant impact on patient quality of life and can be more bothersome to patients compared to pure stress incontinence. Given the complexity of concomitant stress incontinence and overactive bladder symptoms, mixed urinary incontinence can often present as a clinically challenging scenario for treating physicians across different subspecialties and primary care medicine. In this review, we discuss the importance of a judicious evaluation and the utility of deciphering stress-predominant versus urge-predominant urinary incontinence in patients with concomitant symptoms. The temporal relationship between stress incontinence and urgency symptoms has been explored in recent literature. Although a common pathway has been alluded, characterization of the predominant symptom is essential in treating this difficult diagnosis. As suggested in recent guidelines, emphasis should be placed on setting appropriate patient goals of care and discussing treatment expectations in order to best optimize patient satisfaction and patient-reported treatment success. Risks, benefits, and alternatives for both stress urinary incontinence and overactive bladder treatment options should be reviewed, yet there is lack of a standardized approach in the literature. We outline a sequential algorithm to help guide patient counseling, management, and appropriate expectations for treatment of mixed urinary incontinence.
Specialized Salt Production During the Ancient Maya Classic Period at Two Paynes Creek Salt Works, Belize: Chan b’i and Atz’aam Na

ABSTRACTUnderwater excavations at the Classic period (a.d. 300–900) ancient Maya salt works of Chan b’i and Atz’aam Na in Paynes Creek National Park, Belize, reveal activity areas associated with a substantial salt industry for distribution to nearby southern Maya inland sites where this biological requirement was scarce. Wooden architecture and salt making artifacts are abundantly preserved in a peat bog composed of red mangrove. Excavations, screening, and analysis of recovered material at the submerged underwater sites reveal that the artifacts are overwhelmingly briquetage: pottery vessels used to evaporate salty water by heating over fires to make salt. The spatial distribution of briquetage in relation to the interior and exterior of buildings reveals that salt production was occurring indoors. The plethora of briquetage and the scarcity of domestic artifacts indicate that the sites were specialized salt works and not physically attached to households.
SLE-associated risk factors affect DC function

Identification of function and potential pathogenic mechanisms of SLE risk genes in dendritic cells. Functional studies of individual SLE risk factors in dendritic cells were performed, and functional alterations of some risk genes in dendritic cells were observed. Recent studies confirmed the pathogenic function of known risk genes. These findings postulate novel pathogenic mechanisms made by dendritic cells. SLE is a complex disease and its etiology is not clearly understood. Dendritic cells are innate immune cells and critical for determining immune activation and immune tolerance. Genetic studies identified several new candidate genes which predispose to development of autoimmune diseases, but the mechanism of those genes has not been identified. This report updates functional implications or pathways in dendritic cells which are putatively important for the development or propagation of SLE based on genetic and functional studies performed in both human and animal models.
REFLECTION OF FLEXURAL WAVES AT THE EDGE OF A PLATE

Abstract : The reflection of straight-crested flexural waves at the edge of a semi-infinite plate was studied in terms of a 2-dimensional plate theory. The analysis indicated that, in general, a flexural wave propagated toward the edge at an arbitrary angle of incidence produces 3 reflected waves: a slow and fast flexural wave and a shear wave. Special cases involving normal, oblique, and grazing incidences are investigated.
A Spotlight on Contemporary Language and Social Psychology Research: Selected Proceedings From the 16th International Conference on Language and Social Psychology

This introduction to the special issue offers a brief report on the proceedings from the 16th International Conference on Language and Social Psychology (ICLASP16) and concludes with an invitation ...
Care Escalation: Teaching Residents How to Effectively Communicate Patient Care Concerns.

Introduction Care escalation for patients at risk of deterioration requires that care team members are able to effectively communicate patient care concerns to more senior team members. However, mu...
An Indirect Finite Element Method for Variable-Coefcient Space-Fractional Difusion Equations and Its Optimal-Order Error Estimates

We study an indirect finite element approximation for two-sided space-fractional diffusion equations in one space dimension. By the representation formula of the solutions u(x) to the proposed variable coefficient models in terms of v(x), the solutions to the constant coefficient analogues, we apply finite element methods for the constant coefficient fractional diffusion equations to solve for the approximations $$v_h(x)$$ to v(x) and then obtain the approximations $$u_h(x)$$ of u(x) by plugging $$v_h(x)$$ into the representation of u(x). Optimal-order convergence estimates of $$u(x)-u_h(x)$$ are proved in both $$L^2$$ and $$H^{\alpha /2}$$ norms. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the sharpness of the derived error estimates.
Non-destructive evaluation of photostability of crop signaling compounds and dose effects on celery vigor for precision plant identification using computer vision

Abstract Vegetable crops grown in the field are particularly vulnerable to competition from weeds at the seedling stage. To avoid yield loss, weeds must be removed early in the crop cycle. Shortages of farm laborers for hand weeding and lack of effective vegetable herbicides is stimulating the development of intelligent weeders. One challenge for development of effective intelligent weeders is the precision differentiation of vegetable crops and weeds. Crop signaling is a technique that enables rapid and accurate identification of target crops. In this study, an appropriate dose of fluorescent compounds allowed the vegetable crop locations in the field to be reliably detectable by smart machines. The study examined protocols for crop root treatment, computer vision system development, crop signal detection and biomass evaluation. Rhodamine B (Rh-B) is a fluorescent compound with unique optical properties. Different doses of Rh-B were applied to the celery roots for various durations prior to transplantation to assess Rh-B transport in the plant, its photostability and potential impact on seedling growth in the natural outdoor environment of a farm. Systemic Rh-B absorbed via the roots moved throughout the celery plant in 24 h. Compared with 60 ppm solution of Rh-B, higher doses of Rh-B including 90, 180, and 270 ppm resulted in greater absorption by the plant, but such three concentrations injured the plant. The biomass test results showed that the treatment of celery roots for two days with a 60 ppm solution of Rh-B was safe for celery plants. This Rh-B dosage had good photostability in celery seedlings for about 5 weeks after transplanting. An effective dose of systemic Rh-B allowed for the rapid identification of celery plants at early growth stages, thereby facilitating the automatic differentiation of weeds and crops by a robotic machine vision system.
Professional Quality of Life among Occupational Therapy Practitioners: An Exploratory Study of Compassion Fatigue

We examined the prevalence of compassion fatigue among occupational therapy practitioners. An online survey was developed incorporating the professional quality of life (ProQoL) which has three sub...
Repolarization Predictors of Fetal Long QT Syndrome.

Background Diagnosis of fetal long QT syndrome (LQTS) using fetal magnetocardiography (fMCG) is straightforward in cases of overt QTc prolongation accompanied by LQTS rhythms; however, cases of isolated QTc prolongation can be challenging. Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize repolarization in normal and phenotype-positive LQTS fetuses with the goal of using additional parameters of repolarization to improve the accuracy of fMCG diagnosis of LQTS. Methods fMCG recordings were taken from 37 phenotype-positive fetuses with confirmed LQTS and 132 normal controls. The normal fetuses were grouped into those with T and U waves and those with only T waves. We compared the repolarization characteristics of normal fetuses with only T waves with those of LQTS fetuses. We also compared the repolarization characteristics of normal fetuses with T and U waves with those of LQTS fetuses with 2-component T waves. Results Late-peaking T waves were strongly associated with LQTS (35/37 [95%]). No normal fetuses showed both QTc prolongation (QTc >500 ms) and a late-peaking T wave. U waves were seen in 11 normal fetuses (8%) and resulted in waveforms that often mimicked those of the 19 LQTS fetuses with 2-component T waves. However, in normal fetuses the polarities of the T and U waves were the same, whereas in LQTS fetuses with 2-component T waves the polarities of the components usually were opposite. Conclusion A late-peaking T wave in association with QTc prolongation is a distinctive, reliable indicator of fetal LQTS. U waves confound assessment of QTc; however, normal U waves usually can be distinguished from LQTS T waves based on polarity.