cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-fatal contact injuries among workers in the construction industry treated in U.S. emergency departments, 1998-2005.

Abstract Problem The National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) for the construction industry calls for efforts to identify areas where guidance and regulation are needed to adequately prevent traumatic injuries resulting from a worker coming into contact with objects or equipment. Method This descriptive study of work-related contact injuries in the construction industry that were treated in emergency departments (EDs) between 1998 and 2005 utilized records of work injuries captured through a national probability-based sample of U.S. hospitals with 24-hour ED services. Results Contact injuries accounted for 54% of all construction ED-treated injuries. Hospitalizations were most common for injuries from contact with discharged nails from pneumatic nail guns, with hand held power saws, and fixed saws. Some injuries were proportionally more serious and sometimes involved multiple workers including trenching injuries and those resulting from collapse of buildings under construction, walls, roofs, and scaffolding. Discussion and impact Given that nail gun use is limited primarily to wood frame construction, efforts are needed to control frequent serious injuries associated with these tools. Enforcement of existing trenching regulations is also needed.
Changes in lysosomal enzyme activities of eye tissues in endotoxin-induced inflammation

Lysosomal enzyme activities in rabbit ocular tissues were examined at various times after the intravitreal injection of endotoxin. Lysosomal enzyme activities in the aqueous, vitreous, and pigment epithelium-choroid were elevated 3 h after injection. It is deduced from the fluorescein-labeled dextran and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the aqueous, vitreous, and pigment epithelium-choroid from endotoxin injected rabbits that the elevation of lysosomal enzyme activities are probably due to a breakdown in blood-ocular barriers.
Kinetic characterization of the peptidase activity of Escherichia coli Lon reveals the mechanistic similarities in ATP-dependent hydrolysis of peptide and protein substrates.

Lon is an ATP-dependent protease that degrades unstructured proteins. In this study, we have examined the ATP dependency of Escherichia coli Lon catalyzing the hydrolysis of a defined fluorogenic p...
Absence of chiral symmetry breaking in multi-flavor strongly coupled lattice gauge theories

We consider lattice gauge theories at strong coupling with gauge group $U({N}_{C})$, or $SU({N}_{C})$ restricted to the meson sector, and coupled to ${N}_{F}$ flavors of fundamental representation staggered fermions. We study the formation of a chiral condensate by means of resummation of a hopping expansion. Different classes of graphs become dominant as the parameter (${N}_{F}/{N}_{C}$) is varied. By performing graph resummation we obtain an equation for determining the condensate as a function of (${N}_{F}/{N}_{C}$) and mass $m$. For values of (${N}_{F}/{N}_{C}$) below a critical value, one reproduces the well-known result of the existence of a nonvanishing condensate solution in the $m=0$ limit. Above the critical (${N}_{F}/{N}_{C}$) value, however, no such solution exists, its abrupt disappearance indicating a first-order transition to a chirally symmetric phase with composite (colorless) excitation spectrum.
A tale of two standards: strengthening HIPAA security regulations using the PCI-DSS

This paper both illustrates the inadequacy of current Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations in protecting health-care information and proposes a more cohesive strategy to protect such information based on the organizational model that undergirds the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI-DSS). The evidence indicates that the industry consortium model used to develop the PCI-DSS works rapidly and effectively. The success of these standards suggests that their strengths provide a favorable base from which to develop a robust set of standards to enhance information security within health care. A national organization consisting of industry representatives that is devoted to creating a more comprehensive and less vague set of security standards is required to protect health-care information more effectively than is possible under the current HIPAA approach.
Positive polarity - negative polarity

Positive polarity items (PPIs) are generally thought to have the boringproperty that they cannot scope below negation. The starting point of the paper is theobservation that their distribution is significantly more complex; specifically,someone/something-type PPIs share properties with negative polarity items (NPIs). First,these PPIs are disallowed in the same environments that license yet-type NPIs; second,adding any NPI-licenser rescues the illegitimate constellation. This leads to theconclusion that these PPIs have the combined properties of yet-type and ever-type NPIs:what appears to be a prohibition is nothing but `halfway licensing'. The paper goes on topropose a unification of the analyses of rescuable PPIs, NPIs, and negative concord, andquestions the grounding of polarity sensitivity in the scalar or the referential semantics ofthe items involved.
Passive ion fluxes across the corneal endothelium

The deepithelialized cornea is mounted in a chamber and perfused on both surfaces by identical closed systems. The technique allows the continuous measurement of the net water flux and the electrical potential across the preparation as well as the steady state flux of radioactive ions. The permeabilities of pairs of ions in the same direction were compared, and they were found to be closely proportional to their free diffusion constants, suggesting that they passed by way of the intercellular spaces. Technical difficulties prevented a valid determination of the existence of active ion transport, but there was no indication of its presence.
A mordanting fixation for intense staining of small chromosomes.

A combination iron-mordant fixative in which propionic acid is substituted for acetic acid has been found useful in preparing small plant chromosomes for carmine stained squashes. Propionic acid is better than acetic acid because it holds more iron in stable solution. The fixative is a 3:1 mixture of 95% alcohol and pure propionic acid which contains 400 mg. of Fe(OH)3 per 100 ml. of propionic acid. The latter is previously prepared by dissolving the dry freshly prepared Fe(OH)3 in it. To each 10 ml. vial of fixative is added a few drops of carmine stain. Standard aceto-carmine squashes of material fixed in this mixture show quick intense staining and are especially useful for differentiated chromosomes at mitotic prophase.
The isotopic and hydrologic response of small, closed‐basin lakes to climate forcing from predictive models: Application to paleoclimate studies in the upper Columbia River basin

Simulations conducted using a coupled lake-catchment, hydrologic and isotope mass-balance model indicate that small, closed-basin lakes in north-central Washington are isotopically sensitive to changes in precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature. Most notably, model simulations predicted inconsistent lake responses to precipitation changes due to differences in lake outseepage rates and surface area to volume (SA :V) ratios. Greater outseepage within model experiments resulted in increased sensitivity to changes in mean precipitation. Moreover, simulations suggest that, in lakes with appreciable outseepage, SA :V ratio changes resulting from lake-level variations control the direction of changes in lake water oxygen isotope composition (δ18O). Specifically, in lakes with a SA:V ratio that increases at higher lake levels, steady state δ18O values will increase in response to greater long-term average precipitation. These results suggest that closed-basin lakes with low outseepage rates will exhibit a transient isotopic response to stochastic variability in hydrologic forcing but will not strongly respond at steady state to variation in mean hydrologic conditions. Conversely, closed-basin lakes with appreciable outseepage will exhibit strong isotopic responses to both stochastic variability and variation in mean hydrologic conditions (i.e., mean precipitation, relative humidity, and temperature control of catchment hydrologic inputs to the lake). These relationships provide a mechanism for explaining inconsistencies in the isotopic responses of lakes within a given region to hydrologic forcing and demonstrate that semiquantitative models for describing the relationship between lake hydrologic and isotopic responses to climate variability are not appropriate for all closed-basin lakes.
Recurrent generation of approximate functionals in density functional theory

The idea of recurrent generation of approximate exchange–correlation energy density functionals in density functional theory is investigated and evaluated in this article through the so-called Levy transformation, which enables one to obtain the exact exchange correlation energy without knowing the details of its kinetic energy component. Although in principle the transformation is valid only for exact functionals, it is argued that approximate functionals may also be applied and then recurrently used. As a demonstration of the idea, a generalized form of the Wigner-type functional is introduced and transformed into polylogarithm functionals. Numerical illustrations of examples show that for local functionals, better results may be yielded after the transformation, whereas for nonlocal functionals, identical results have been obtained for n≥2 transformations. In addition, two nonlocal approximate functionals beyond the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) are proposed which show better performance in energetics over GGA functionals. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Nox4-Derived H2O2 Mediates Endoplasmic Reticulum Signaling through Local Ras Activation

The unfolded-protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been linked to oxidant production, although the molecular details and functional significance of this linkage are poorly understood. Using a ratiometric H(2)O(2) sensor targeted to different subcellular compartments, we demonstrate specific production of H(2)O(2) by the ER in response to the stressors tunicamycin and HIV-1 Tat, but not to thapsigargin or dithiothreitol. Knockdown of the oxidase Nox4, expressed on ER endomembranes, or expression of ER-targeted catalase blocked ER H(2)O(2) production by tunicamycin and Tat and prevented the UPR following exposure to these two agonists, but not to thapsigargin or dithiothreitol. Tat also triggered Nox4-dependent, sustained activation of Ras leading to ERK, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR, pathway activation. Cell fractionation studies and green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions of GTPase effector binding domains confirmed selective activation of endogenous RhoA and Ras on the ER surface, with ER-associated K-Ras acting upstream of the UPR and downstream of Nox4. Notably, the Nox4/Ras/ERK pathway induced autophagy, and suppression of autophagy unmasked cell death and prevented differentiation of endothelial cells in 3-dimensional matrix. We conclude that the ER surface provides a platform to spatially organize agonist-specific Nox4-dependent oxidative signaling events, leading to homeostatic protective mechanisms rather than oxidative stress.
"Industry Cannot Go On without the Production of Some Noise": New York City's Street Music Ban and the Sound of Work in the New Deal Era

This study details New York City's Depression-era street music ban and concurrent noise abatement campaign to reveal the relationship of changing definitions of work with sound. New York had issued street music licenses for a fee, but Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia put an end to the practice. While some have assumed LaGuardia banned street music to combat Italian stereotypes associated with organ grinders, this essay demonstrates that efforts to reconcile changing social policy with the work ethic motivated both LaGuardia's ban and public resistance to it. Street musicians occupied an ambiguous space between begging and self-employment and, as relief programs provoked public concern over economic individualism, confusion between honest unemployment and willful dependency was a political liability for the Mayor. Yet, while the Mayor condemned busking as begging, citizens sprang to street music's defense, arguing the ban would force practitioners onto the relief rolls; while municipal policy proclaimed street music was no longer work, some New Yorkers suddenly believed the opposite. Simultaneously, LaGuardia launched an antinoise campaign that evaluated sounds on the basis of economic necessity. Noises essential to work were moderated while "unnecessary" noises were silenced. Redefined as beggars under LaGuardia's ban, street musicians lost their claim to legitimacy and became vulnerable to noise ordinances. Citizens protesting that street music was necessary work, preferable to accepting relief, also insisted it was not noise. Consequently, this study argues that new commitments to the well-being of unemployed citizens prompted New Yorkers to reexamine definitions of work, reevaluate which noises were necessary, and hear street music differently.
Usefulness of prolonged prostaglandin infusion in neonates with Ebstein's anomaly

Abstract Patient's with severe Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve presenting in the newborn period often have profound cyanosis and are at increased risk for sudden death. 1,2 Several strategies have been used to manage these complicated patients. A recent surgical technique described by Starnes et al 3 involved oversewing the tricuspid valve and creating a Blalock-Taussig shunt; this palliation leads to eventual Fontan repair. Further options include Blalock-Taussig shunt alone, cardiac transplantation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and tricuspid valve repair or replacement. 1,4,5 In this article, we report 3 consecutive newborns with severe Ebstein's anomaly and cyanosis who were treated with prolonged prostaglandin E 1 infusions. These cases suggest that prostaglandin E 1 may obviate the need for early surgical intervention in critically ill neonates with Ebstein's anomaly and allow survival until surgical management can be pursued at lower risk.
Higher cholesterol and insulin levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia are known to be associated with essential hypertension but their role in pregnancy-induced hypertension remains unclear. We performed a case-control study comparing cholesterol, insulin, and glucose levels in the early third trimester of pregnancy among 31 women who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (either preeclampsia [n = 6] or nonproteinuric gestational hypertension [n = 25]), with 31 women remaining normotensive through pregnancy. As compared with women remaining normotensive, women subsequently developing PIH had higher fasting cholesterol levels (279 v 247 mg/dL; P = .02) and higher fasting insulin levels (13.3 v 7.9 microU/mL; P = .03), although fasting glucose levels and levels of glucose and insulin after glucose load did not differ significantly between groups. In comparing hypertensive subgroups, fasting insulin levels were significantly higher among women who subsequently developed preeclampsia, but not among those subsequently developing nonproteinuric gestational hypertension. Although women developing PIH had higher pregravid body mass index (25.1 v 22.6 kg/m2, P = .06), fasting cholesterol and insulin levels were associated with risk for PIH even after adjustment for body mass index and age (relative risks for one unit increase, respectively: 1.02 (P = .03) and 1.12 (P = .03). Higher fasting cholesterol and insulin levels in mid- to late pregnancy are associated with increased risk for PIH. These observations support a role for insulin resistance in the development of this complication of pregnancy.
Role of luminal ammonia in the development of gastropathy and hypergastrinemia in the rat

Abstract Background/Aims: Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori causes persistent elevations in gastric juice ammonia levels. Thus, we studied the effects of experimentally induced increases in gastric juice ammonia levels on gastric structure and function and gastrin homeostasis. Methods: Rats were fed either normal chow or the diet supplemented (20 g/dL) with ammonium or sodium acetate. Results: Long-term dietary ammonium loading for 2 weeks or longer resulted in a 1.5–2-fold increase in the weight and mucosal thickness of the stomach and proximal duodenum with evidence of mild gastritis and enterochromaffinlike cell hyperplasia. The ammonium-containing diet also induced a significant 2–3-fold increase in both circulating gastrin levels of fed rats and an increase in the postprandial gastrin responses over control values. Antral gastrin levels were also markedly elevated by long-term ingestion of the test diet, which was increased 3–4-fold over control values in fasted animals and less so after meal stimulation. Consistent with these findings, gastrin-specific messenger RNA was increased 2.5–3-fold in the antrum of ammonium fed rats, whereas actin-specific messenger RNA was not affected or decreased. Animals fed a diet supplemented with 20 g/dL sodium acetate sustained modest increases in mucosal thickness and serum and antral gastrin concentration, suggesting that nonspecific gastric injury and inflammation is also a factor that influences G-cell function. Conclusions: Long-term exposure of the antral mucosa to elevated levels of ammonia in the gastric juice in the presence of gastritis, conditions similar to that occurring in subjects infected with H. pylori , seem to be causative factors in the development of G-cell hyperfunction.
Estimating ignition timing from engine cylinder pressure with neural networks

A study was conducted to determine the ability of neural networks to extract high level control information from cylinder pressure data. Various experiments were performed using neural networks for pattern recognition on a series of data files consisting of cylinder pressure versus crank angle. The goal of these experiments was to estimate spark timing based on the cylinder pressure signature-all other engine parameters were held constant during the data collection process. Test results indicate that an approximate spark time value can be obtained using cylinder pressure data as the inputs to a neural network and spark timing as the output. >
Application of the latency insertion method (LIM) to the modeling of CDM ESD events

In this paper, the application of the latency insertion method (LIM) to the analysis of charged device model (CDM) electrostatic discharge (ESD) events in integrated circuits (ICs) is discussed. LIM is proposed as an alternative to existing techniques commonly used for chip-level circuit simulation of CDM ESD. Such simulators, based on the modified nodal analysis (MNA) method, can underperform in cases that require very large model sizes. LIM was developed specifically for the analysis of fast transient phenomena in very large networks and is more robust and less resource-hungry than conventional methods.
HLA-G expression protects porcine endothelial cells against natural killer cell-mediated xenogeneic cytotoxicity.

Background. Natural killer (NK) cells are major component of the cellular response in xenotransplantation. NK cell activation and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity can be a direct barrier to the potential use of xenogeneic organs in human transplantation. Methods. To determine if HLA-G would protect porcine xenogeneic cells from human NK cell lysis, human full-length HLA-G genomic DNA was transfected into porcine aortic endothelial cell (PAECs) by the lipofection method. Surface expression of HLA-G in transfected PAECs was confirmed by immunofluorescense staining with anti-HLA class I framework antibody, PA2.6. Fresh human peripheral blood lymphocytes were used as NK effector cells with HLA-G-transfected PAECs as targets in a 51 Cr release assay. The inhibition of human polyclonal NK cells by HLA-G expression on PAECs was confirmed by antibody blocking using purified F(ab')2 portion of anti-human HLA class I antibody PA2.6. Results. Expression of HLA-G on PAECs conferred a significant protection against NK-mediated lysis (range: 52-100% inhibition) when peripheral blood lymphocytes from seven healthy donors, bearing either homozygous HLA-Cw3 or -Cw4 used as NK effector cells. Such protection was inhibited by purified F(ab')2 portion of anti-HLA class I antibody, indicating that the protection of PAECs was directly mediated by HLA-G expression. Conclusions. Expression of HLA-G on PAECs protected xenogeneic PAECs against human polyclonal NK cell-mediated lysis. These results indicate that the expression of HLA-G alone in the absence of other nonclassical HLA class I molecules is sufficient to inhibit human NK cell lysis. These findings suggest methods utilizing HLA-G to overcome NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against porcine endothelial cells, considered the first cell type effected during xenograft cellular rejection.
Optimization of the wireless optical system with bessel pointing loss factor

The performance of wireless optical communication systems is affected by transmitter sway. In this letter we develop a model that relates the bit error probability with the sway parameters. In the system considered, the transmitter is equipped with the diffraction-limited circular aperture which is uniformly illuminated and non-obscured. Accordingly, the far-field effect is described by the Bessel function of the first kind of order one. The optimization results are reported.
Manejo clínico de la seudoobstrucción aguda de colon en el enfermo hospitalizado: revisión sistemática de la bibliografía

Intestinal pseudoobstruction is a clinical syndrome characterized by impairment of intestinal propulsion, which may resemble intestinal obstruction, in the absence of a mechanical cause. It usually affects the colon but the small intestine may also be involved, and may present in acute, subacute or chronic forms. We have performed a systematic review of the acute form of pseudoobstruction, also referred to as Ogilvie's syndrome. We discuss proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, manifestations and management of this clinical condition in post-surgery and critically ill patients. The hallmark of the syndrome is massive intestinal distension, which is detected on clinical inspection and plain abdominal radiography. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, treatment has focussed on preventing intestinal perforation, which is associated with a 21% mortality rate.
Phenetic and phylogenetic analysis of Reinhardtia (Palmae)

Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of morphometric data divide specimens of Reinhardtia into six groups, corresponding to the six species recognized in the most recent revisions. Discriminant analysis classifies specimens into these six species with 100% success. Five species occur in lowland to montane moist forests in Central America, from Mexico to Panama, and just reach Colombia; one species occurs in montane moist forests in Hispaniola. Three species have large stems and are rare, patchily distributed, and seldom collected. The other three species have small stems, are common and frequently collected, but also patchily distributed. One species of small plants, R. gracilis, exhibits considerable variability. Within this species, seven distinct groups can be recognized, although sample size is limited. Among species, there is a phyletic decrease in size of plants, from the basal species with large stems to derived species with small stems. For leaves and inflorescences there is also an associated decrease in size, but one species does not follow this trend. In this species, R. latisecta, there is evidence of a large ontogenetic change in leaf development. Phyletic decrease in size corresponds to a latitudinal and elevational gradient suggesting speciation has taken place from north to south and from high to low elevation. However, this pattern is obscured disjunct distributions in some species.
Prostate-specific Antigen Levels and Subsequent Prostate Cancer: Potential for Screening

Prostate-specific antigen levels are increased in men with prostatic disease, including prostate cancer, and have been used clinically to monitor the response of
Climate Change in the Context of Multiple Threats

Climate change is only one of a number of interlinked environmental threats that could affect human welfare. Simple differential calculus illustrates that, from a policy viewpoint, many different types of interactions among human activities and environmental processes must be considered. Unfortunately, our understanding of such interactions is limited, and the uncertainties tend to multiply. An alternative approach, drawn from the medical experience with multiple organ system failure, is to develop ways of buying time for the biosphere until underlying problems can be resolved.
CMOS Global Shutter Charge Storage Pixels With Improved Performance

We describe different charge-storage-based global shutter (GS) pixel architectures with improved performance resulting from low dark current and effective pixel pitch reduction from 6 to 2.8 $\mu \text{m}$ pixel size. Smaller pixels showed better image quality versus larger pixels at low exposures and higher temperatures. In addition to earlier disclosed work, we proposed and have developed novel high GS efficiency (GSE) pixel modules such as the improved tungsten buried light shield and the pixel light guide structures. The GS pixel simulation and measurements showed significant improvement in sensitivity, dark current, and GSE. These pixels and modules have been implemented in a variety of ON Semiconductor sensors. More than $1.2\times $ area-scaled sensitivity improvements, more than $20\times $ improvement in average storage dark current, and from $7\times $ to more than $38\times $ GSE improvement at different light wavelengths were demonstrated.
Numerical Analysis of Beams on Elastic Foundations

This note deals with a difference method, referred to as the midpoint difference method, for approximating the solutions of a linear differential equation, in the presence of discontinuities. This method is general in nature and well suited for programming on the digital computer.
Investigations With Arcaricides for the Control of European Red Mite on Apple in California

Field trials of acaricides for control of European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), on Red Delicious apples were conducted during 1961 and 1962. The materials were applied early in the season as propnylactic sprays and as remedial treatments when high mite populations were present. Tetradifon gave control as a prophylactic spray even though the material was ineffective when applied to a mite population at or above the economic level. Eradex®, 2,3-quinoxalinedithiol cyclic trithiocarbonate, gave good control, but caused yellow spots on the fruit. Morestan®, 6-methyl-2,3-quinosalinedithiol cyclic carbonate, was effective as either a preventive or remedial treatment OW-g®, 2-[2-( p -tertbutyphenox)-1-methylethoxy]-1-methl- Ethyl 2-chlorethyl sulfite, gave poor control as a wettable powder In 1961, but was very effective as an emulsion concentrate in 1962. Binapacry, although giving initial knockdown of mites Did not provide residual control. Pentac® decachloro-1,1’-bi-2,4- cyclopentadienyl; and Animent V-10®2,4,4’,5-tetrachlorodiphenyl sulphide, did not give adequate control of the mites. Of the compounds tested, Morestan and OW-9 showed the most Promise for European red mite control in apple orchards.
Effect of V/III ratio on the growth of hexagonal boron nitride by MOCVD

In this report, we describe a process for achieving atomically smooth, few-layer thick, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films on sapphire substrates by MOCVD, using Triethylboron (TEB) and NH 3 as precursors. Two different growth modes have been observed depending on the V/III ratio. Three-dimensional (3D) island growth is dominant in the low V/III range; in this range growth rate decreases with increasing deposition temperature. This island growth mode transitions to a self-terminating growth mode when V/III > 2000, over the entire deposition temperature range studied (i.e. 1000-1080 o C). Raman spectroscopy verifies the h-BN phase of these films, and atomic force microscopy measurements confirm that the surfaces are smooth and continuous, even over atomic steps on the surface of the substrate. Using X-ray reflectance measurements, the thickness of each film grown under a range of conditions and times was determined to consistently terminate at 1.6nm, with a variation of less than 0.2 nm. Thus we have identified a self-terminating growth mode that enables robust synthesis of h-BN with highly uniform and reliable thickness on non-metal catalyzed substrates. Furthermore, this self-terminating growth behavior has shown signs of transitioning to continuous growth as deposition temperature increases.
Comparing Ecologically Constrained and Conventional Displays in Control of a Simple Steam Plant

Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) are becoming increasingly common for application software in process control. Conventional interfaces display the states of a system without conveying the constraints which drastically reduce the evolutions which must be considered. Our model resolves this difficulty by presenting system parameters in the context of ecological constraints mirroring those of the underlying process. A simulation of a simple steam plant with five different GUIs was used. The displays were a conventional Dials display, a Mimic display, an Object display, a Seesaw analogue, and a Fluidtank analogue. Poor over-all performance in maintaining specified values was found for the Seesaw and the Object displays. The Dials and the Mimic displays performed similarly but with greater accuracy. The best control was observed in the experimental Fluidtanks display. These Findings are consistent with our hypotheses.
Technology-Market Combinations and the Identification of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: An Investigation of the Opportunity-Individual Nexus

Although prior research has highlighted that individuals differ in their ability to identify opportunities for entrepreneurial action, little attention has been paid to the effects that differences...
The Agent of Tyzzer's Disease Is a Clostridium Species

The Agent of Tyzzer's Disease Is a Clostridium Species. A. JANE DUNCAN, ROBERT J. CARMAN, GARY J. OLSEN, AND KENNETH H. WILSON. From the Department o Medicine and Division ofnfectioos Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Techlab Incorporated, VPI Research Park, Blacksburg, Virginia; and the Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
In-plane electric fields and the ν = 5 2 fractional quantum Hall effect in a disk geometry

The $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{5}{2}$ fractional quantum Hall effect is of experimental and theoretical interest due to the possible non-Abelian statistics of the excitations in the electron liquid. A small voltage difference across a sample applied in experiments to probe the system is often ignored in theoretical studies due to the Galilean invariance in the thermodynamic limit. No experimental sample, however, is Galilean invariant. In this Rapid Communication, we explore the effects of the probe electric fields in a disk geometry with finite thickness. We find that weak probe fields enhance the Moore-Read Pfaffian state, but sufficiently strong electric fields destroy the incompressible state. In a disk geometry, the behavior of the system depends on the polarity of the applied radial field, which can potentially be observed in experiments using a Corbino disk configuration. Our simulation also shows that the application of such a field enhances the coherence length of quasiholes propagating through the edge channels.
Multiphase Oscillatory Flow Strategy for in Situ Measurement and Screening of Partition Coefficients.

Taking advantage of the difference between the surface energies of aqueous and organic solvents on a Teflon substrate, a fully automated small-scale strategy is developed on the basis of gas-driven oscillatory motion of a biphasic slug for high-throughput in situ measurement and screening of partition coefficients of organic substances between aqueous and organic phases. The developed oscillatory flow strategy enables single partition coefficient data point measurement within 8 min (including the sample preparation time) which is 360 times faster than the conventional “shake-flask” method, while using less than a 30 μL volume of the two phases and 9 nmol of the target organic substance. The developed multiphase strategy is validated using a conventional shake-flask technique. Finally, the developed strategy is extended to include automated screening of partition coefficients at physiological temperature.
Community (in) Colleges: The Relationship Between Online Network Involvement and Academic Outcomes at a Community College

Objective: This study explores the relationship between online social network involvement and academic outcomes among community college students. Prior theory hypothesizes that socio-academic moments are especially important for the integration of students into community colleges and that integration is related to academic outcomes. Online social networks offer a forum for socio-academic contact and integration on 2-year campuses. Is involvement with online social networks positively related to academic outcomes? Method: This study draws on institutional and online network data. We qualitatively code text from the network (N = 8,749) to examine the extent of socio-academic interaction. Using logistic and multiple regression, we examine the relationships between socio-academic exchanges, other forms of online network involvement, and student academic outcomes in a large sample of students (N = 27,040). Results: Participation in socio-academic exchange is associated with higher grade point average. In addit...
Trend analysis of the major chronic diseases in residents of Dongtai city in 2001 and 2011

Objective To anslysis the distribution characteristics and change trend of the major chronic diseases in residents of Dongtai city. Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling and PPS sampling were used to investigate the prevalence of main chronic diseases in the resident population over the age of 35in 2001, 2011.SPSS 19.0was used for data analysis. Results In 2001,2011,the standardized prevalence rate of hypertension were 19.59%,21.27%,obesity were 6.12%,6.51%,diabetes were 0.39%,2.17%, tumor were 1.14%,1.54%,stroke were 0.39%,0.79%.Compared with 2001,the prevalence rate in 2011 was significantly higher in men with diabetes,tumor;in women with diabetes,stroke.The main chronic diseases were generally upward trend in different age groups.Compared with 2001,the prevalence rate in 2011 were significantly higher in farmers with diabetes,stroke;in non farmers with diabetes,tumor,stroke;in people under primary school education with hypertension,diabetes,cancer,stroke;in people above junior middle school education with diabetes,tumor,stroke;in married people outside with hypertension,diabetes, cancer;in married people with diabetes,stroke. Conclusions The prevalence rate of main chronic diseases in residents of Dongtai increased at different degree in 2011than in 2001,different gender,age,occupation, education,marriage were different.
Present situation of health management of secondary water supply in Daxing district of Beijing

[Objective]To understand the present situation of safety management of secondary water supply in Daxing district of Beijing,establish a complete set of data for secondary water supply,and carry out the relevant preparation work for dealing with the drinking water emergent events.[Methods]The secondary water plants which ran normally in Daxing district were investigated during 2009-2010,and the water samples were collected and tested.The evaluation was conducted according to the Hygienic specification for facilities of secondary water supply(GB 17051-1997),the Sanitation criterion for drinking water quality(2001) and the Drinking water sanitary standard(GB 5749-2006).[Results]The investigation included 71 secondary water plants,78 secondary water supply facilities and 80 water tanks,which involved 83 884 people.The qualified rate of treated water samples of secondary water supply was 80.8%.The major unqualified items were total hardness,nitrate nitrogen and total bacterial count,which the over standard rate was 7.7%,6.5% and 5.1% respectively.And the rest items were qualified.The qualified rate of secondary water supply which the water sources were municipal water supply(93.8%) was higher than that of well water(15.4%) significantly(P0.01).The unqualified item of municipal water supply was total bacterial count,and the unqualified items of self-prepared water supply were total hardness and nitrate nitrogen.The qualified rate of water samples treated by lower punch water tanks and variable frequency pumps was 84.2%(48/57),which was higher than that by non-negative pressure direct water supply [66.6%(6/9)],and the difference was not significant(P0.05).The qualified rate of total bacterial count of water samples treated by ultraviolet disinfection,self-cleaning disinfection,chlorination and ozone disinfection was 94.9%(56/59),88.9%(8/9),100.0%(2/2) and 100.0%(2/2)respectively,and the difference among them was not significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]The health management of secondary water supply in Daxing district is not good,and there is hidden danger in tank design of secondary water supply facilities.The hygiene supervision of secondary water supply should be strengthened in future.
Indirect Immunofluorescence for Identification of Prostatic Epithelial Cells

AbstractAn indirect immunofluorescence technique using an antibody produced against prostatic acid phosphatase has been developed. Extensive testing showed that this technique is specific and helpful in the identification of cells producing prostatic acid phosphatase.
Coarse-Grained Simulations of Protein Aggregation

Protein aggregation is believed to be responsible for a number of human diseases and limits the yields of pharmaceutical proteins during production. Computer simulations can be used to develop novel experimentally testable hypotheses pertaining to aggregation. While all-atom simulations with explicit solvent are too computationally intensive to address the multitude of relevant time scales, coarse-grained models make it possible to observe the transition of monomers to an equilibrium containing aggregates. Here, we provide the reader with background information and a list of steps for setting up, performing, and analyzing computer simulations of aggregating coarse-grained (CG) proteins.
Introduction Schools as Imagined Communities

We often envision schools as communities. Some of us picture a little red schoolhouse where all the children in the neighborhood came to learn and play together. Others have memories of a school down the road they could not attend because they were shipped off to other neighborhoods far away. And, finally, there are those who remember a school that denied them access and made no other educational provisions. This last type of memory makes imagining schools as communities problematic. At first glance we would like to see a school as a place where children, teachers, and parents gather with a shared sense of purpose. The image of everyone working together has been an ideal. In an 1899 lecture, John Dewey said, “What the best and wisest parent wants for his own child, that must the community want for all of its children. Any other ideal for our schools is narrow and unlovely; acted upon, it destroys our democracy” (emphasis added). In the midst of industrialization and the growth of bureaucracies within schools, Dewey was trying to justify humanitarian treatment of children by reference to supposedly bygone communal values.1
The structure and behavior of coronavirus A59 glycoproteins.

Coronavirus A59 contains three structural proteins. The location of these proteins in relation to the viral envelope and RNA are illustrated in the model shown in Figure 1. A nucleocapsid protein, N, (mw ≃ 50k) forms the nucleocapsid together with the RNA genome. Surrounding the nucleocapsid is a lipoprotein membrane which contains the envelope glycoproteins El (mw ≃ 23k) and E2 (mw ≃180k and 90k). El is an integral membrane protein, the bulk of which lies within the viral membrane and probably spans the lipid bilayer. E2 is a peripheral glycoprotein which forms the characteristic peplomers that are associated with this virion.
Platelets Inhibit Migration of Canine Osteosarcoma Cells

The interaction between platelets and tumour cells is important for tumour growth and metastasis. Thrombocytopenia or antiplatelet treatment negatively impact on cancer metastasis, demonstrating potentially important roles for platelets in tumour progression. To our knowledge, there is no information regarding the role of platelets in cancer progression in dogs. This study was designed to test whether canine platelets affected the migratory behaviour of three canine osteosarcoma cell lines and to give insights of molecular mechanisms. Intact platelets, platelet lysate and platelet releasate inhibited the migration of canine osteosarcoma cell lines. Addition of blood leucocytes to the platelet samples did not alter the inhibitory effect on migration. Platelet treatment also significantly downregulated the transcriptional levels of SNAI2 and TWIST1 genes. The interaction between canine platelets or molecules released during platelet activation and these tumour cell lines inhibits their migration, which suggests that canine platelets might antagonize metastasis of canine osteosarcoma. This effect is probably due to, at least in part, downregulation of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Properties of force networks in jammed granular media

Discrete element method simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of applied uniaxial compressive load, and bidisperse particle size distributions on force networks within jammed granular media. The differences between the strong and weak networks are examined through investigating the spatial correlation and distribution of contact angles, and emergence of chainlike structures. The simulation results show that the chainlike structures are more prevalent in the strong network due to the larger cumulative probabilities of contact angles, but not all the contacts belonging to the strong or weak networks are able to constitute the chainlike structures. Although the contacts of coarse-fine particles are dominant for the bidisperse systems, the contacts of coarse–coarse particles dominate the strong network, as well as the linear chainlike structures. Upon increasing the pressure from very low to high, the probability of contact orientations with respect to the compression direction in the strong network increases for contact orientation less than $$60^{\circ }$$ and decreases for contact orientation greater than $$60^{\circ }$$ , while the opposite trends are observed in the weak network. The tails of normalized normal contact forces distributions are quantified by $$\hbox {P}(\hbox {f}) = \hbox {exp}(-\hbox {cf}^{\mathrm{n}})$$ , and it is found that the value of n depends on the applied pressure and particle size distribution. Statistical analysis shows that the degree of homogeneity of contact force increases with increasing pressure, which is also validated by participation number.
MicroRNAs in dysfunctional adipose tissue: cardiovascular implications

In this review, we focus on the emerging role of microRNAs, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and signaling pathways, in dysfunctional adipose tissue. We highlight current paradigms of microRNAs involved in adipose differentiation and function in depots such as white, brown, and beige adipose tissues and potential implications of microRNA dysregulation in human disease such as obesity, inflammation, microvasculature dysfunction, and related cardiovascular diseases. We highlight accumulating studies indicating that adipocyte-derived microRNAs may not only serve as biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease, but also may directly regulate gene expression of other tissues. Finally, we discuss the future prospects, challenges, and emerging strategies for microRNA delivery and targeting for therapeutic applications in cardiovascular disease states associated with adipocyte dysfunction.
Kalman’s Expanding Influence in the Econometrics Discipline

Abstract Kalman’s original work was quickly adopted and explored throughout the engineering disciplines after the publishing of his seminal paper in 1960 (Kalman 1960). However, it would be several decades before the utility of his framework was understood and adopted in the econometrics discipline, which had traditionally based its analysis on the Box-Jenkins ARIMA time series models. This paper surveys how Kalman’s work has been applied in developing econometric models and how econometricians have extended and built upon Kalman’s framework to develop new techniques to model complex economic and financial systems over the past 20-25 years.
Mechanism of agonism and antagonism of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing regulator QscR with non-native ligands

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that uses the process of quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate the expression of many virulence genes. During quorum sensing, N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules regulate the activity of three LuxR-type transcription factors, LasR, RhlR, and QscR. To better understand P. aeruginosa QS signal reception, we examined the mechanism underlying the response of QscR to synthetic agonists and antagonists using biophysical and structural approaches. The structure of QscR bound to a synthetic agonist reveals a novel mode of ligand binding supporting a general mechanism for agonist activity. In turn, antagonists of QscR with partial agonist activity were found to destabilize and greatly impair QscR dimerization and DNA binding. These results highlight the diversity of LuxR-type receptor responses to small molecule agonists and antagonists and demonstrate the potential for chemical strategies for the selective targeting of individual quorum-sensing systems.
Social and Community-Level Factors in Health Effects from Religion/Spirituality

This chapter reviews theories and empirical evidence on relations between religion and spirituality (R/S) and social factors. Religion and spirituality are conceived as evolving over time and residing at both collective and individual levels.
Effects of oxygen and nitrogen conditions on the transformation kinetics of 1,2-dichloroethenes by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and its sMMOC mutant.

Transformation kinetics of trans- andcis-dichloroethylenes (DCE) by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b wild type (WT)and PP319, a mutant that expresses soluble methane monooxygenase at copper levels upto ∼12 μM Cu (sMMOC), were determined to assess theeffects of O2level and N2-fixation on degradationcapabilities. Two issues were examined: (1) the influence of O2level and nitrogen-limitation on DCE degradationkinetics and toxicity in both organisms, and (2) the relative utility of PP319 forcontaminant degradation in bioreactors. When both organisms were grown underhigh O2conditions (80% saturation in air), maximum transformation rates(Vmax) and apparent first-order rate constants(Vmax/KM) were lower compared with organisms grown under low O2conditions (10% saturation in air)regardless of nitrogen level. Further, Vmax values were near zero innitrogen-limited WT cultures when O2was high (as expected), whereas PP319 retainedmoderate Vmax levels even at high O2levels. In general, elevatedO2conditions reduced DCE degradation rates in OB3b, although the negative effectsof O2were less in PP319 than in the WT. Given that PP319 retained moderate DCEdegradation rates under most O2and copper conditions, the mutant appears to havesome utility for biodegradation applications.