cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electromigration reliability and current carrying capacity of various WLCSP interconnect structures

Wafer Level Chip Scale Packages (WLCSPs) are increasingly being used in Power Management IC (PMIC) applications. Since these packages are typically of small size and low I/O count, the current per bump can be very high for these applications. Therefore, it is important to characterize the electromigration (EM) behavior of WLCSP interconnects to estimate their current carrying capacity. This paper provides an EM performance comparison of four (4) different WLCSP interconnects tested under the same condition. The configurations included: i) Ti/Cu/2.0 μm Ni UBM on 4μm Cu RDL, ii) Ti/Cu/8.6μm Cu UBM on 4μm Cu RDL, iii) Bump-on-trace with 9μm thick Cu RDL, and iv) Bump-on-trace with 14μm thick Cu RDL. A specially designed test vehicle with multiple EM test structures was used for this purpose. The packages were mounted on printed wiring boards (PWB) with either Cu/OSP or NiAu pad surface finish. These assemblies were then tested in a dedicated EM test system using 1.0Amp/161°C as the test condition. More than 4000 hours of testing have been completed so far. Clear differences between these WLCSP interconnects were observed in terms of EM performance. Samples were also removed at different times throughout the test so that detailed SEM analyses could be performed to understand and quantify the failure mode and progression of EM damage for each configuration. The EM performance is found to be significantly better for structures with a 2.0μm Ni UBM layer and the bump-on-trace structure with 14μm thick RDL with no failures so far. However, units with either 8.6μm thick Cu UBM structure or 9μm thick RDL bump-on-trace structure have resulted in a number of failures and at least 2X lower reliability compared to the other two structures. Further, PWB surface finish has a significant effect on EM performance with Cu/OSP performing better than NiAu finish.
Polarization-Independent Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor

Polarization-induced fading is an important problem which affects both coherent communications and interferometric sensor systems. In coherent communications, several schemes have been used to overcome the effect, including automatic polarization tracking [1] and polarization diversity detection schemes [2]. In interferometric sensors, polarization induced fading and input polarization-induced phase-noise [3,4] are problems which may affect the practical applicability of these sensors in a number of areas. Here also, various polarization control and diversity schemes have been devised to overcome the effect. Recent work by Pistoni and Martinelli [5] has demonstrated a technique for the compensation of birefringence effects in a length of fiber which is retraced by an optical beam. The basis of operation of the technique is the use of a ‘Faraday rotator mirror’ (FRM) to reflect the optical signal back along the fiber path. Potentially, this is a very useful technique for providing passive, polarization-independent operation of a fiber interferometer based on a reflective configuration. This paper reports the demonstration of such a system using a Michelson interferometer configuration.
Investing in Your Own Equity: Effects of Fair Value Accounting and Comprehensive Income Recognition on Earnings and Price Volatility

Firms can effectively take long or short positions on their own equity by holding treasury shares, contributing their shares to their pension fund, write put or call options on their stock, compensate employees with stock options, or invest in other entities (e.g., other firms, stock indexes) that hold shares of their stock. In each of these circumstances, fair value accounting methods can allow firms to report on these "self-generated" unrealized gains or losses ("UGLs"). In this paper we present a model and experimental evidence indicating that, if investors attend to unrealized gains and losses (UGLs) associated with a firm's own equity, equity price changes reflect through subsequent periods to create high volatility and predictable autocorrelations in price. Our results provide evidence that the reflection-induced volatility is determined by an interaction between the extent of the self-investment and the prominence of the self-generated UGLs on the primary reporting statement (with comprehensive income performance statements providing high prominence).
Relationship between the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) and attachment style in a clinical sample

This present study examined the relationship between the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS) and two measures of adult attachment: the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) and the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R). Forty-five patients (76% female) at a university-based outpatient treatment clinic participated in this study. We hypothesized that higher levels of attachment security would be associated with higher, more adaptive ratings on the SCORS variables. Results indicated that the SCORS Self-Esteem (SE) variable was significantly positively related to the RQ's Secure Attachment ratings and negatively related with the ECR-R's Anxious Attachment scale. Additionally, negative trends were noted between SE and the RQ's Fearful and Preoccupied Attachment scores. The SCORS Emotional Investments in Relationships and Affective Quality of Representations variables were associated with higher Secure scores and lower, more maladaptive Preoccupied scores on the RQ. It was also associated with greater attachment anxiety as measured by the ECR-R. Using both clinician (SCORS) and participant-rated measures (ECR-R and RQ), this study provides further understanding on how object representations and attachment style relate within a clinical sample. Results are discussed in light of prior research examining relationships between object relations and adult attachments, and clinical implications are also reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: • Individuals with higher levels of attachment anxiety may enter therapy with more self-image problems. • Individuals with higher levels of attachment anxiety may enter therapy with more maladaptive expectations about relationships. • Patients who endorse high levels of attachment anxiety (e.g., fearful and preoccupied) may be more likely to present with Axis II complaints. • Examining a patient's attachment style and object relations using different measures of assessment (e.g., explicit and implicit) can help gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of a patient.
Diagnosis and Management of Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infection in Infants

Objectives: To report the prevalence of bacteremia by age in a sample of infants Methods: We used a retrospective cross-sectional design to determine the prevalence of bacteremia in infants with UTIs at our institution. A double cohort design matching for age and gender was used to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between infants with bacteremic versus nonbacteremic UTIs. Results: We identified 1379 UTIs, with blood cultures obtained in 52% of cases. The prevalence of bacteremia was 4.1% (95% confidence interval 3.1%–5.3%) for all UTIs and 8% (95% confidence interval 6.1%–10.2%) for UTIs in which blood culture was obtained. Fifty-five infants with bacteremic UTIs were compared with 110 infants with nonbacteremic UTIs. Except for minor differences in the urinalysis and serum band count, there were no significant differences in clinical presentation between the 2 groups. Bacteremic infants received longer parenteral treatment courses than nonbacteremic infants (mean 6.7 vs 2.4 days, P Conclusions: Treatment was variable but outcomes were excellent in infants with bacteremic UTIs.
Patient-Specific Quality Assurance for the Delivery of 60Co Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Subject to a 0.35-T Lateral Magnetic Field

Purpose This work describes a patient-specific dosimetry quality assurance (QA) program for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using ViewRay, the first commercial magnetic resonance imaging-guided RT device. Methods and Materials The program consisted of: ( 1 ) a 1-dimensional multipoint ionization chamber measurement using a customized 15-cm 3 cube-shaped phantom; ( 2 ) 2-dimensional (2D) radiographic film measurement using a 30- × 30- × 20-cm 3 phantom with multiple inserted ionization chambers; ( 3 ) quasi-3D diode array (ArcCHECK) measurement with a centrally inserted ionization chamber; ( 4 ) 2D fluence verification using machine delivery log files; and ( 5 ) 3D Monte Carlo (MC) dose reconstruction with machine delivery files and phantom CT. Results Ionization chamber measurements agreed well with treatment planning system (TPS)-computed doses in all phantom geometries where the mean ± SD difference was 0.0% ± 1.3% (n=102; range, −3.0%-2.9%). Film measurements also showed excellent agreement with the TPS-computed 2D dose distributions where the mean passing rate using 3% relative/3 mm gamma criteria was 94.6% ± 3.4% (n=30; range, 87.4%-100%). For ArcCHECK measurements, the mean ± SD passing rate using 3% relative/3 mm gamma criteria was 98.9% ± 1.1% (n=34; range, 95.8%-100%). 2D fluence maps with a resolution of 1 × 1 mm 2 showed 100% passing rates for all plan deliveries (n=34). The MC reconstructed doses to the phantom agreed well with planned 3D doses where the mean passing rate using 3% absolute/3 mm gamma criteria was 99.0% ± 1.0% (n=18; range, 97.0%-100%), demonstrating the feasibility of evaluating the QA results in the patient geometry. Conclusions We developed a dosimetry program for ViewRay's patient-specific IMRT QA. The methodology will be useful for other ViewRay users. The QA results presented here can assist the RT community to establish appropriate tolerance and action limits for ViewRay's IMRT QA.
Proof-directed debugging

The close relationship between writing programs and proving theorems has frequently been cited as an advantage of functional programming languages. We illustrate the interplay between programming and proving in the development of a program for regular expression matching. The presentation is inspired by Lakatos's method of proofs and refutations in which the attempt to prove a plausible conjecture leads to a revision not only of the proof, but of the theorem itself. We give a plausible implementation of a regular expression matcher that contains a flaw that is uncovered in an attempt to prove its correctness. The failure of the proof suggests a revision of the specification, rather than a change to the code. We then show that a program meeting the revised specification is nevertheless sufficient to solve the original problem.
Tragic, but not random: The social contagion of nonfatal gunshot injuries

This study investigates the concentration of nonfatal gunshot injuries within risky social networks. Using six years of data on gunshot victimization and arrests in Chicago, we reconstruct patterns of co-offending for the city and locate gunshot victims within these networks. Results indicate that 70 percent of all nonfatal gunshot victims during the observation period can be located in co-offending networks comprised of less than 6 percent of the city’s population. Results from logistic regression models suggest that as an individual’s exposure to gunshot victims increases, so too do that individual’s odds of victimization. Furthermore, even small amounts of exposure can dramatically increase the odds of victimization. For instance, every 1 percent increase in exposure to gunshot victims in one’s immediate network increases the odds of victimization by roughly 1.1 percent, holding all else constant. These observed associations are more pronounced for young minority males, and effects of exposure extend to indirect network ties at distances of two to three steps removed. These findings imply that the risk of gunshot victimization is more concentrated than previously thought, being concentrated in small and identifiable networks of individuals engaging in risky behavior, in this case criminal activity.
Chain relaxation while annealing a semicrystalline polymer: a small-angle neutron scattering study

Cristallisation par trempe de polybutadiene hydrogene et deuterie, etirage a 20 o C, recuit a 80 o C, conduisant a une cristallinite de 0,4. Determination des rayons de gyration transversaux et du rapport d'allongement moleculaire α m . Processus d'etirage provoquant une elongation de chaine affine
Sophorolipids Improve Sepsis Survival: Effects of Dosing and Derivatives

Introduction. Sophorolipids, a family of natural and easily chemo-enzymatically modified microbial glycolipids, are promising modulators of the immune response. We have previously demonstrated that sophorolipids mediate anti-inflammatory effects, including decreasing sepsis-related mortality at 36 h in vivo in a rat model of septic peritonitis and in vitro by decreasing nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokine production. Here we assessed the effect of sophorolipids on sepsis-related mortality when administered as a (1) single bolus versus sequential dosing and (2) natural mixture versus individual derivatives compared with vehicle alone. Methods. Intra-abdominal sepsis was induced in male, Sprague Dawley rats, 200 to 240 g, via cecal ligation and puncture. Sophorolipids (5‐750 mg/kg) or vehicle (ethanol/sucrose/physiological saline) were injected intravenously (i.v.) via tail vein or inferior vena cava at the end of the operation either as a single dose or sequentially (q24 h 3 doses); natural mixture was compared with select sophorolipid derivatives (n 10‐15 per group). Sham-operated animals served as nonsepsis controls. Survival rates were compared at 1 through 6 d post sepsis induction and tissue was analyzed by histopathology. Significance was determined by Kruskal-Wallis analysis with Bonferroni adjustment and Student’s t-test. Results. Sophorolipid treatment at 5 mg/kg body weight improved survival in rats with cecal ligation and puncture-induced septic shock by 28% at 24 h and 42% at 72 h for single dose, 39% at 24 h and 26% at 72 h for sequential doses, and 23% overall survival for select sophorolipid derivatives when compared with vehicle control (P < 0.05 for sequential dosing). Toxicity was evident and dose-dependent with very high doses of sophorolipid (375‐750 mg/kg body weight) with histopathology demonstrating interstitial and intraalveolar edema with areas of microhemorrhage in pulmonary tissue when compared with vehicle controls (P < 0.05). No mortality was observed in sham operated controls at all doses tested. Conclusions. Administration of sophorolipids after induction of intra-abdominal sepsis improves survival. The demonstration that sophorolipids can reduce sepsis-related mortality with different dosing regimens and derivatives provides continuing evidence toward a promising new therapy. Toxicity is evident at 75 to 150 the therapeutic dose in septic
Feedback control of a DNA molecule tethered in a nanopore to repeatedly probe DNA-binding enzymes

This paper demonstrates feedback voltage control of a single DNA molecule tethered in a biological nanopore. The nanopore device monitors ionic current through a single protein pore inserted in a lipid bilayer. The limiting aperture of the pore is just sufficient (1.5 nm diameter) to accommodate single-stranded DNA. The tethered DNA is double stranded on each end, with a single stranded segment that traverses the pore. Voltage control is used to regulate the motion of the tethered DNA, for repeated capture and subsequent voltage-promoted dissociation of DNA-binding enzymes above the nanopore. In initial experiments using the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, control of 8 independent tethered DNA molecules yielded 337 dissociation events in a period of 380 seconds. The resulting distribution of DNA-protein dissociation times can be used to model the free energy profile of dissociation. Moreover, the approach is applicable to numerous enzymes that bind or modify DNA or RNA including exonucleases, kinases, and other polymerases.
Attitudinal Issues in Methadone Maintenance Programs

When the addict fails to meet treatment goals, staff may split into “help” vs “shape up or be expelled” groups. To diminish this conflict, team meetings aid the staff to better understand the addict and their own intrapsychic and interpersonal attitudes, set reasonable treatment goals, and provide concrete help. General staff meetings clarify policy and increase awareness of various role stresses. Nondegree counselor subgroups help to define stresses in this unique role.
Inflammatory Disease and Lymphomagenesis Caused by Deletion of the Myc Antagonist Mnt in T Cells

Mnt is a Max-interacting protein that can antagonize the activities of Myc oncoproteins in cultured cells. Mnt null mice die soon after birth, but conditional deletion of Mnt in breast epithelium leads to tumor formation. These and related data suggest that Mnt functions as a tumor suppressor. Here we show that conditional deletion of Mnt in T cells leads to tumor formation but also causes inflammatory disease. Deletion of Mnt caused increased apoptosis of thymic T cells and interfered with T-cell development yet led to spleen, liver, and lymph node enlargement. The proportion of T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes was reduced, and the numbers of cells in non-T-cell immune cell populations were elevated. The disruption of immune homeostasis is linked to a strong skewing toward production of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines and enhanced proliferation of activated Mnt-deficient CD4+ T cells. Consistent with Th1 polarization in vivo, extensive intestinal inflammation and liver necrosis developed. Finally, most mice lacking Mnt in T cells ultimately succumbed to T-cell lymphoma. These results strengthen the argument that Mnt functions as a tumor suppressor and reveal a critical and surprising role for Mnt in the regulation of T-cell development and in T-cell-dependent immune homeostasis.
Neurotoxicity of domoic Acid in cerebellar granule neurons in a genetic model of glutathione deficiency.

This study investigated the role of cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms in modulating the neurotoxicity of domoic acid (DomA), by using cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclm). Glutamate-cysteine ligase (Glc) catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. CGNs from Gclm (-/-) mice have very low levels of GSH and are 10-fold more sensitive to DomA-induced toxicity than CGNs from Gclm (+/+) mice. GSH ethyl ester decreased, whereas the Gcl inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine increased DomA toxicity. Antagonists of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate receptors and of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors blocked DomA toxicity, and NMDA receptors were activated by DomA-induced l-glutamate release. The differential susceptibility of CGNs to DomA toxicity was not due to a differential expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors, as evidenced by similar calcium responses and l-glutamate release in the two genotypes. A calcium chelator and several antioxidants antagonized DomA-induced toxicity. DomA caused a rapid decrease in cellular GSH, which preceded toxicity, and the decrease was primarily due to DomA-induced GSH efflux. DomA also caused an increase in oxidative stress as indicated by increases in reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which was subsequent to GSH efflux. Astrocytes from both genotypes were resistant to DomA toxicity and presented a diminished calcium response to DomA and a lack of DomA-induced l-glutamate release. Because polymorphisms in the GCLM gene in humans are associated with low GSH levels, such individuals, as well as others with genetic conditions or environmental exposures that lead to GSH deficiency, may be more susceptible to DomA-induced neurotoxicity.
Using Sandblasting and Sol Gel Techniques for the Preparation of a Metal Surface and Their Effects on the Durability of Epoxy-Bonded Joints

The epoxy-bonded joints are widely employed in aerospace in the Composite Patch Bonded Repair (CPBR) method used for repair metallic and composite structures. The properties of epoxy usually meet the mechanical and environmental requirements, but the durability of bonded joints depends also on the surface preparation. The most common techniques used for the surface preparation are Forest Product Laboratory’s (FPL) technique and Phosphoric Acid Anodizing (PAA). Both methods ensure very good adhesion but they have some disadvantages. They require the application of toxic and aggressive acids, dangerous for the operator. Also, the use of acids for cleaning the surfaces can cause corrosion. The sandblasting treatment of metal surfaces ensures quite good adhesion. This technique requires neither specialist equipment nor the use of toxic substances. Recommended by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) the technique is also used by the Air Force Institute of Technology. Sol Gel is a new product developed for the treatment of metal surfaces before bonding. It is not hazardous for the operator and it does not cause corrosion due to its specific chemical composition. The article describes the behavior of bonded joints between two metal surfaces prepared using sandblasting and Sol Gel. The investigations were carried out in various environment conditions according to the ASTM Standards.
C1-esterase inhibitor and a novel peptide inhibitor improve contractile function in reperfused skeletal muscle.

To determine the role of inhibition of complement activation in the contractile function of skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles underwent 3 h ischemia and received human C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH, 100 IU/kg), a synthetic C1q A chain peptide with a similar inhibitory effect on activated C1 (peptide, 5 mg/kg), or human serum albumin control. Results showed a significant overall increase in tetanic contractile forces of the reperfused EDL in both C1-INH and peptide groups compared to controls. Maximum improvement occurred with peptide treatment at 120-Hz stimulation, with an increase in force from 38 +/- 4% of normal in controls to 52 +/- 4% in peptide-treated rats. There were no significant differences between C1-INH and peptide groups. Plasma C3 and C4 activities were significantly increased in both treated groups, suggesting inhibition of complement activation. Our results suggest that complement activation is involved in I/R injury, and inhibition of complement activation may therefore represent a potential therapeutic approach to reducing or preventing I/R injury.
Middle atmosphere effects of the quasi-two-day wave determined from a General Circulation Model

A set of numerical experiments have been conducted using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (NCAR TIME-GCM) to understand the effects of the quasi-two-day wave (QTDW) on the middle atmosphere horizontal wind and temperature fields. A zonal wavenumber three perturbation with a period of 48 hours and a latitudinal structure identical to the (3, 0) Rossby-gravity mode has been included at the lower-boundary of the model. A response in the middle atmosphere horizontal wind fields is observed with a structure qualitatively similar to observations and other model results. There is also some evidence to suggest an increase in the lower-thermosphere QTDW response due to the interaction with gravity waves. Changes are observed in the zonal mean wind and temperature fields that are clearly related to the QTDW, however it is unclear if these changes are the direct result of wave driving due to the QTDW or are from another source. Evidence for nonlinear interactions between the QTDW and the migrating tides is presented. This includes significant (40–50%) decreases in the amplitude of the migrating tides when the QTDW is present and the generation of wave components which can be tracked back to an interaction between the QTDW and the migrating tides. Clear evidence for the existence of a westward propagating zonal wavenumber six nonmigrating diurnal tidal component which results from the nonlinear interaction between the QTDW and the migrating tides is also presented.
Epidermal Growth Factor–Induced Heparanase Nucleolar Localization Augments DNA Topoisomerase I Activity in Brain Metastatic Breast Cancer

Identification of molecular mechanisms responsible for brain metastatic breast cancer (BMBC) is imperative to develop novel therapies. However, current understanding of the molecular circuitry that governs BMBC dissemination remains fragmentary. Heparanase (HPSE) is the only functional mammalian endoglycosidase whose activity correlates with cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and the reduced postoperative survival of cancer patients, making it an active target for anticancer therapeutics. We hypothesized that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation promotes HPSE function in human BMBC. To address this, we examined HPSE content, activity, and intracellular trafficking in a HER2/EGFR-expressing BMBC model system and show that HPSE is present, functional, and correlates with HER2 status. Further, we showed that EGF induced nucleolar translocation of HPSE in these cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner upon activation of HER2/EGFR. Knockdowns of HER2/EGFR by small interference RNA abolished EGF-induced HPSE nucleolar translocalization. It was also noted that nucleolar HPSE modulates DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I), an enzyme that is highly present in nucleoli, essential for DNA replication and transcription in a variety of tumors, and inhibited by heparan sulfate. Evidence is provided that HPSE can regulate Topo I activity, which subsequently affects BMBC cell proliferation. Finally, we showed that the nucleolar presence of HPSE with Topo I colocalization is detected only in HER2-overexpressing BMBC patient specimens. Altogether, these findings support the notion that HPSE is a critical downstream target of HER2 mechanisms driving BMBC and is potentially relevant for BMBC therapeutic interventions.
Fuse-N: Framework for Unified Simulation Environment for Network-on-Chip

Current uni-processor centric modeling methodology does not address the new design challenges introduced by MPSoCs, thus calling for efficient simulation frameworks capable of capturing the interplay between the application, the architecture, and the network. Addressing these new challenges requires a framework that assists the designer at different abstraction levels of system design. This paper concentrates on developing a framework for unified simulation environment for NoCs (fuse-N) which simplifies the design space exploration for NoCs by offering a comprehensive simulation support. The framework synthesizes the network infrastructure and the communication model and optimizes application mapping for design constraints. The proposed framework is a hardware-software co-design implementation using SystemC 2.1 and C++. Simulation results show the various design space explorations that can be performed by our framework.
Coax via-A technique to reduce crosstalk and enhance impedance match at vias in high-frequency multilayer packages verified by FDTD and MoM modeling

Large-scale crosstalk at vias and poor via electrical performance are major drawbacks in state-of-the-art high-frequency multilayer first- or second-level integrated-circuit/monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (IC/MMIC) packages. The coax via design modeled in this paper breaks new ground in achieving more than 30-dB ultrawide-band crosstalk reduction and providing an enhanced impedance match.
Polynomial approximation via compressed sensing of high-dimensional functions on lower sets

This work proposes and analyzes a compressed sensing approach to polynomial approximation of complex-valued functions in high dimensions. Of particular interest is the setting where the target function is smooth, characterized by a rapidly decaying orthonormal expansion, whose most important terms are captured by a lower (or downward closed) set. By exploiting this fact, we present an innovative weighted $\ell_1$ minimization procedure with a precise choice of weights, and a new iterative hard thresholding method, for imposing the downward closed preference. Theoretical results reveal that our computational approaches possess a provably reduced sample complexity compared to existing compressed sensing techniques presented in the literature. In addition, the recovery of the corresponding best approximation using these methods is established through an improved bound for the restricted isometry property. Our analysis represents an extension of the approach for Hadamard matrices in [5] to the general case of continuous bounded orthonormal systems, quantifies the dependence of sample complexity on the successful recovery probability, and provides an estimate on the number of measurements with explicit constants. Numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical results and demonstrate the computational efficiency of the novel weighted $\ell_1$ minimization strategy.
Stabilized reduced order models for the advection-diffusion-reaction equation using operator splitting

Reduced order modeling (ROM) coupled with finite element methods has been used effectively in many disciplines to efficiently solve complex problems. However, for advection-dominated flows numerical simulations often contain spurious, nonphysical oscillations which will also be apparent in the ROM simulations. In this work we consider stabilization methods for ROM for the advection-diffusion-reaction (ADR) equation when it is solved both with and without operator splitting. Specifically we consider the streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin (SUPG) stabilization method and the spurious oscillations at layers diminishing (SOLD) stabilization method. We build on these methods by constructing a coherent framework which successfully integrates these model reduction, stabilization, and operator splitting approaches, and we provide numerical examples detailing the application of this framework in the ADR setting. The stabilized ROM results are compared numerically with their corresponding full finite element simulations.
Immune-mediated neuropathies.

Purpose of review The immune-mediated neuropathies are an important group of treatable neuropathies that often lead to severe neurologic disability. This review guides clinicians in the recognition and treatment of these disorders. Recent findings Advances include new insights in classification and new treatment paradigms in many of these disorders. Summary Proper diagnosis and treatment require recognition of the characteristic clinical and laboratory findings and the use of appropriate electrophysiologic or pathologic examination. With proper treatment, partial or complete remission is possible, even in patients who are severely affected.
A Process Model Leading to Successful Implementation of Electronic Health Record Systems

The implementation of electronic health record (EHR) systems presents a number of difficult challenges for practitioners. Until now, no study in the Information Systems discipline has rigorously examined these challenges. This paper proposes a process model of the factors leading to successful implementation of EHR systems. The process is composed of three stages: pre-implementation, implementation, and post-implementation. Each stage involves specific factors which are based on the system development life cycle theory, the general systems theory, and the contingency model. These theories are also used to validate the model. A quantitative tool based on the maximised expected payoffs is used to assess the model and demonstrate its usefulness for best practices. The implications for both researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Advances in Parasympathetic Control of Heart Rate and Cardiac Function

It is well known that the neuronal projections from the brain to the heart strongly influence cardiac function, and an abnormal activity has been implicated in diseases such as cardiac arrhythmia and sudden infant death syndrome. This short review describes recent advances focused on the neurobiology of cardiac vagal neurons, utilizing cellular techniques.
56 CORRECTION OF THE PHASE-OFFSET ERROR IN QP/QS MEASUREMENT.

Background MRI can noninvasively quantify blood flow by using phase-contrast imaging. Accurate flow measurements depend on placement of a “background” region of interest (ROI) on stationary tissue that is immediately adjacent to the flowing blood. This method does not work well in the heart and great vessels because there is little stationary tissue adjacent to the flowing blood. Therefore, flow measurements suffer from baseline offset errors due to artifacts from gradient eddy currents. The purpose of this study was to quantify the magnitude of the flow error and to propose a method to correct for this error. Methods Blood flow in the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery was quantified in 10 healthy volunteers using MRI. Pulmonary blood flow (Qp) was measured in the main pulmonary artery just distal to the pulmonic valve. Aortic blood flow (Qs) was measured in the ascending aorta just distal to the coronary artery origins. (As such, aortic flow underestimates systemic blood flow by ≈5% because coronary flow is excluded. Consequently, for this study normal Qp/Qs is assumed to be 1.05.) To correct for baseline flow errors, immediately following the human subject9s MR flow measurements, an identical MRI scan with the same parameters was performed on a stationary bottle of water (“phantom”). An ROI was placed on the phantom in the same image location where blood flow had been measured. Since there is no flow in a stationary phantom, nonzero flow values obtained from the phantom were assumed to be due to a baseline offset error, and this amount was subtracted from the flow of the corresponding ROI in the aorta or main pulmonary artery to correct the baseline flow error. Results Before baseline correction, the measured Qp/Qs was 1.3 ± 0.2 (mean ± 1 SD, p Conclusion Baseline offset errors significantly affect MRI flow measurements in the heart and great vessels. These errors are large and are especially problematic for larger patients whose aortas lie further away from the center of the scanner. The correction method we propose substantially reduces the baseline offset. It thereby enables more accurate detection and quantification of blood flow, shunts, and valvular disease.
Increased lymphatic flux of hyaluronan from cat intestine during fat absorption.

During fat absorption, chylomicrons with sizes up to 5,000-10,000 A must traverse an interstitium that has estimated pore sizes of 120-200 A to reach the lacteals. The present experiments were performed to study the behavior of the interstitial matrix component hyaluronan during fat absorption from the intestine. Ileal segments were isolated and autoperfused in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. A postnodal lymphatic was cannulated, and lymph flow, protein, and hyaluronan concentration in lymph were determined. In group 1, a mixture of oleic acid and taurocholate was infused into the ileal lumen, while in group 2 the animals were fed cream overnight. In group 1, control lymph flow and hyaluronan concentration averaged 53.3 +/- 16.0 (SD) microliters.min-1.100 g intestine-1 and 21.4 +/- 16.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. Administration of taurocholate and oleic acid increased lymph flow and lymph hyaluronan concentration by 100 and 50%, respectively, resulting in a nearly three-fold increase in hyaluronan flux. Subsequent increases in venous pressure increased lymph flow and reduced hyaluronan concentration in lymph to less than 3 micrograms/ml. Hyaluronan flux remained approximately 2 micrograms.min-1.100 g intestine-1 independent of lymph flow. In group 2, no lymph sample was available before administration of fat. Hyaluronan concentration at control venous pressure was 19.3 +/- 6.7 micrograms/ml and fell to 10 micrograms/ml at the highest lymph flow. Hyaluronan flux was approximately 10 micrograms.min-1.100 g intestine-1 at the highest lymph flow and venous pressure (P less than 0.05 compared with the same lymph flow in group 1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Assessing Masked Semantic Priming: Cursor Trajectory versus Response Time Measures.

Measuring response times has been a staple for evaluating masked semantic priming. Its efficacy, however, has been challenged on several grounds — reported effect sizes of these studies are relatively small, and priming effects pertaining to response time measures are difficult to be replicated. Here, we report a complementary method — recording trajectories of a computer cursor. Participants judged whether two digits were the same or different, preceded by a briefly presented masked prime. Each prime had either positive or negative connotations, and the priming effects were evaluated either by response times or cursor trajectories associated with the area under the curve. Results indicate that the effect size of the congruency effect measured by cursor trajectories (i.e. area under the curve) was far greater than that measured by response times, suggesting that the cursor trajectory measure is more sensitive to masked semantic priming than the response time measure.
College Sports Competitive Balance “Beliefs” and the Rule of Reason: Applied Theory and a Literature Review

In college sports antitrust cases where the rule of reason is applied, courts weigh the anticompetitive effects of, say, the amateur requirement against a presumed welfare offset, say, enhanced com...
A novel autologous oxidized whole-tumor antigen vaccine therapy for recurrent ovarian cancer.

5023 Background: Despite surgical and chemotherapeutic advances, the death rate from ovarian cancer has not changed. We report here an enhanced dendritic cell vaccine platform developed for clinical testing. Furthermore we report the application of this novel platform comprising of dendritic cell (DC)-based autologous whole tumor antigen vaccination in a pilot study of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Methods: To determine the optimal tumor lysate preparation for loading DCs, ovarian tumor lines were prepared by HOCl-oxidation, UVB-irradiation or freeze and thaw. Normal donor DCs were evaluated for tumor lysate uptake, cytokine and chemokine productions and phenotype. The optimal lysate preparation, was used in a phase I study where five patients with recurrent ovarian cancer with available tumor lysate from secondary debulking surgery underwent intranodal vaccination with OC-DC, an autologous DC preparation pulsed with HOCL oxidized autologous tumor cells. Feasibility, safety, and biological and c...
The Equilibrium Method of Tariff Analysis Applied to Egyptian Uppers Cotton

THE equilibrium method of tariff analysis1 has not, to date, been frequently used in the analysis of actual tariff problems. Though there has been some disagreement concerning the theory and simplifying assumptions underlying the method, it is believed that its failure to be more widely used has been principally due to two other reasons. In the first place, the mathematical statement of the method, that is, the equilibrium formula, has been a barrier to the understanding and use of the method by economists who have not had mathematical training. Even the graphic form of the method presented by Henry Schultz' leaves an initial impression of great complexity. The second and much more important reason has been the difficulty of estimating, with sufficient accuracy, the four elasticities required; namely, the elasticity of the domestic demand curve, the elasticity of the foreign demand curve, the elasticity of the domestic supply curve, and the elasticity of the foreign supply curve. These elasticities must be estimated in order that these curves may be drawn, and it is these four curves which, in the equilibrium method, determine the price and quantity incidence of any change in a duty if there is no important substitute for the product. In order to promote a wider understanding of the mechanics of the method, the first section of this paper presents a simplified graphic equilibrium method of determining the incidence of a duty when it is assumed that the demand and supply curves required are known. The duty on long staple cotton as it affects Egyptian Uppers cotton is used
Who Should Be Referred for Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Therapy

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting approximately 7 million individuals in USA. It is one of the most significant arrhythmias, which accounts for a majority of embolic strokes, especially in elderly individuals. Although oral anti-coagulation is beneficial in lowering the risk of stroke, 1 in 10 patients have a contra-indication to warfarin therapy. Among patients who do tolerate either warfarin or novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC), major or recurrent bleeding, intracranial bleeds, etc. often lead to interruption of anti-coagulation. Previous studies have reported that >90% of cardioemboli in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) originate in the left atrial appendage. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is currently covered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as an alternative for stroke prevention in patients with an elevated stroke risk (CHADS2 ≥2 or CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3) who have appropriate rational for avoiding long-term oral anticoagulation following a shared-decision making process. In this review, we discuss the currently available LAAO devices and more importantly, appropriate patient selection for this strategy.
Faking under a nonlinear relationship between personality assessment scores and job performance

This study investigated whether faking in personality assessments affects the prediction of job performance and consequences of selection decisions when a nonlinear relationship was assumed between personality scores and job performance. It was also examined whether a selection strategy suggested for nonlinear relationships reduces the adverse impact of faking on consequences of selection decisions. The findings from the item response theory-based simulations indicated that the prediction of job performance was affected by faking, whereas selection accuracy was not substantially affected by faking. The improvement in selection accuracy due to the strategy suggested for a nonlinear relationship was not noticeable. However, the suggested strategy reduced adverse impacts of faking on the estimation of selected applicants' performance scores.
Excised larynx evaluation of subthyroid cartilage approach to medialization thyroplasty.

Objectives/hypothesis To describe an alternative approach to medialization thyroplasty involving dissection underneath the thyroid cartilage with placement of a Gore-Tex implant, and to evaluate its effect on a range of phonatory measures using an excised canine larynx model. Study design Animal model. Methods On each of eight excised canine larynges, the conditions of normal, paralysis, medialization thyroplasty by standard transthyroid cartilage approach, and medialization thyroplasty by experimental subthyroid cartilage approach were performed. Aerodynamic, acoustic, and mucosal wave parameters were measured for each condition. Results Compared to the vocal fold paralysis state, both the transthyroid and subthyroid approaches for Gore-Tex insertion resulted in significant decreases in phonation threshold pressure and phonation threshold flow. Both approaches also significantly decreased percent jitter, decreased percent shimmer, and improved signal-to-noise ratio. The mucosal wave was preserved after insertion of the Gore-Tex implant for both approaches. For all the phonatory measures except phonation threshold flow, there were no significant differences between the transthyroid and subthyroid approaches. Conclusions Gore-Tex implantation via a subthyroid approach in an excised canine larynx model can produce effective medialization, preserve the mucosal wave, and significantly improve aerodynamic and acoustic parameters without meaningful difference compared to a traditional transthyroid approach. The subthyroid approach does not require creation of a thyroid cartilage window and could be a potentially valuable alternative method of performing medialization thyroplasty. Level of evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 128:675-681, 2018.
Group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Older Veterans: Findings from a Quality Improvement Project.

Objectives: The purpose of this project was to develop, implement, and evaluate a 12-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Older Veterans group protocol.Methods: The Plan-Do-Study-Act...
The persistence of entrepreneurship and innovative immigrants

Abstract Ethnicity and immigration status may play a role in entrepreneurship and innovation, yet the impact of university entrepreneurship education on this relationship is under-explored. This paper examines the persistence and differences in entrepreneurship by ethnicity and nationality. We find that among Stanford alumni, Asian Americans have a higher rate of entrepreneurship than white Americans. However, non-American Asians have a substantially lower, about 12% points lower, start-up rate than Asian Americans. Such discrepancy not only holds for entrepreneurial choice but also for investing as an angel investor or venture capitalist, or utilizing Stanford networks to find funding sources or partners. Participation in Stanford University’s entrepreneurship program as a student does little to reduce this gap. The low level of parental entrepreneurship and the high degree of intergenerational correlation in entrepreneurship likely result in the lower level of entrepreneurship and participation in university entrepreneurship programs among Asians relative to their Asian American counterparts. Our findings highlight the value of immigration in terms of breaking the persistence in entrepreneurship among certain ethnic groups and promoting potential high-growth entrepreneurship in the United States. In addition, our findings may have important implications for programs to incorporate immigrant entrepreneurs within their home countries to promote entrepreneurship and help break the persistence of entrepreneurship across generations.
Great theses and dissertation start with an intriguing idea

Abstract Strategic efforts expended towards identifying and evaluating ideas for a graduate student's thesis or dissertation can help prepare that student for a successful career as either a researcher or practitioner. Generating intriguing and novel ideas can help advance the field of leisure studies, yet the process of identifying great research ideas and questions is largely uncritiqued. This paper presents alternatives to the traditional “extend the research literature” approach, as a means of identifying research questions focusing more strategically on the diversity of information and process of observation and thinking. Graduate students upon beginning their studies can be mentored by faculty to explore ‘what's next’ by capitalizing on their ‘fresh eyes’ to generate novel ideas worth exploring. Some of these methods are akin to how persons and organizations develop ideas for new products and services. Consequently, these methods not only help students going into research-based careers but also those intending to work in professions outside of academia.