cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implications of Hypoxia in Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone

Most solid tumors contain regions of hypoxia in which increased cell proliferation promotes increased oxygen consumption and the condition is further exacerbated as cancer cells become localized far from a functional blood vessel, further decreasing the oxygen supply. An important mechanism that promotes cell adaptation to hypoxic conditions is the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Hypoxia-inducible factors transcriptionally regulate many genes involved in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Patients, whose primary tumor biopsies show high HIF expression levels, have a greater risk of metastasis. The current review will highlight the potential role of hypoxia in breast cancer metastasis to the bone by considering the regulation of many steps in the metastatic process that include invasion, migration, margination and extravasation, as well as homing signals and regulation of the bone microenvironment.
Throughput Enhancements on Cellular Downlink Channels Using Rateless Codes

Rateless codes have been shown to provide robust error correction over wireless channels. Using a stochastic geometry model, this paper studies the performance of cellular downlink with packet transmission based on rateless codes. For the case of Rayleigh fading, a novel and accurate approximation is proposed for the distribution of the packet transmission time of rateless codes. The performance of rateless codes is compared to that of fixed rate codes by evaluating the user rate and success probability achievable with the two channel coding schemes. Based on both the proposed analysis and network simulation, the paper shows that rateless coding provides both coverage and throughput gains relative to fixed rate coding, not only for the typical user but for all users in the cellular network.
Targeting p53-MDM2-MDMX loop for cancer therapy.

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in anti-tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. It has been described as “the guardian of the genome”, because it is essential for conserving genomic stability by preventing mutation, and its mutation and inactivation are highly related to all human cancers. Two important p53 regulators, MDM2 and MDMX, inactivate p53 by directly inhibiting its transcriptional activity and mediating its ubiquitination in a feedback fashion, as their genes are also the transcriptional targets of p53. On account of the importance of the p53-MDM2-MDMX loop in the initiation and development of wild type p53-containing tumors, intensive studies over the past decade have been aiming to identify small molecules or peptides that could specifically target individual protein molecules of this pathway for developing better anti-cancer therapeutics. In this chapter, we review the approaches for screening and discovering efficient and selective MDM2 inhibitors with emphasis on the most advanced synthetic small molecules that interfere with the p53-MDM2 interaction and are currently on Phase I clinical trials. Other therapeutically useful strategies targeting this loop, which potentially improve the prospects of cancer therapy and prevention, will also be discussed briefly.
Neuroendocrine Control of Human Testicular Function

The proximate regulator of testicular function is gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced in neurons scattered throughout the anterior hypothalamus. When it reaches the anterior pituitary, GnRH stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the pituitary gonadotropic hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH and FSH are released into the circulation in bursts and activate G-protein coupled receptors on Leydig and Sertoli cells, respectively, that stimulate testosterone production and spermatogenesis. The system is tightly regulated and is maintained at a proper set-point by the negative feedback effects of testicular steroids and inhibin-B. Testicular function is also influenced by multiple internal (paracrine and autocrine) and external (endocrine) environmental factors.
Explosion yield estimation from pressure wave template matching

A method for estimating the yield of explosions from shock-wave and acoustic-wave measurements is presented. The method exploits full waveforms by comparing pressure measurements against an empirical stack of prior observations using scaling laws. The approach can be applied to measurements across a wide-range of source-to-receiver distances. The method is applied to data from two explosion experiments in different regions, leading to mean relative errors in yield estimates of 0.13 using prior data from the same region, and 0.2 when applied to a new region.
Social Controls of Metal Thieves

Metal thieves are influenced by three kinds of social controls: direct social control, indirect social control, and internal social control. Direct controls are the external risks associated with stealing metal (e.g., dogs, cameras, witnesses, and law enforcement). Indirect social controls influence behavior within relationships. For example, a positive influence is a condemning family member and a negative influence is a metal theft partnership. Internal controls are the beliefs of right and wrong held by the thief. Internal control is often overcome with neutralization techniques: temporally suspending norms, justifying behavior, or appealing to a higher authority. Increasing guardianship, dogs and cameras, observant witnesses, and police presence influence the activity of metal thieves but rarely entirely dissuade them from the theft.
The allocation of health (and other professional) personnel to rural areas of poor countries

The availability of health personnel in the rural areas of poor countries is generally seen as problematic. This paper contrasts a lottery-based assignment of personnel between rural and urban areas to a free-market solution in which personnel are paid a premium to accept a rural posting. The lottery system can lower total cost and increase the number of personnel in rural areas. The model benchmarked with published estimates of the premium that would be required under a free market suggests gains from the lottery could be substantial.
Afterword: Vocation, Stewardship, and Teaching: A Hopeful Response

This concluding chapter reviews some key themes in the preceding chapters, with a particular focus on implications for teaching and learning. It explores evidence that the widespread discussions over several decades on what has most often been referred to as the “integration of faith and learning” have neglected pedagogical questions. It traces the signs of hope on this front in the chapters in this volume, and suggests some ways in which they could be extended.
Strategies to Optimize Population Health Management: Implications for Elder Care with Poly Chronic Conditions

Population health management targets subpopulation groups that have varying health-care needs. This chapter sheds the light on how health-care informatics and management enable care providers and managers to improve patient-centered care for frail seniors and to use electronic health records (EHRs) effectively. Its strategic aims are to (1) develop a coordinated Health-Federated Information Network for Data Electronic Retrieval (Health-FINDER) system, (2) impart knowledge and skills for integrated care for high-risk elders, (3) provide IT integration service for primary care physicians and staff for evidence-based care management, (4) design and implement quality improvement initiatives via health information exchange (HIE) for poly chronic conditions, (5) prevent and divert inappropriate hospitalization or institutionalization, (6) assist providers with Health-FINDER to promote population health management, (7) engage in interdisciplinary informatics research by partnering with community stakeholders, and (8) leverage community, state, and federal resources to optimize success for elder care. A transdisciplinary perspective to PHM is suggested.
Articulated Assemblages of Rigid Members

In this chapter, we will study the equilibrium of assemblages of rigid bodies that are connected to one another with frictionless joints (also called articulations). The joints allow the rigid bodies to rotate but not translate relative to their neighbors. These bodies are called members; in fact, they are typically, though not necessarily, straight bars. The joints connect members to one another in the same way that the hinge and ball-and-socket supports studied in the last chapter connect bodies to a fixed base (allowing absolute rotation but not translation); consequently, they transmit only forces and not moments. Some of the members may, of course, be also connected to a fixed base so as to fix the configuration of the assemblage as a whole.
Temporal Consideration of the Marriage Effect

Marriage provides a source of social control away from crime in adulthood, with considerable empirical support from numerous studies elaborating on marriage within various contexts. The effect was initially identified at a time before the modern rise in divorce rates, the deferring of marriage in favor of less formal relationships like cohabitation, and an overall decline in marriage at all, suggesting the need to examine the effect in the context of changing social customs through time. The current study undertook meta-regression analyses to examine the temporal aspects of the marriage effect, and to demonstrate the importance of systematically studying chronological changes over time within the life course perspective. While the results do not demonstrate statistically significant temporal changes, the current study expands the discussion of systematically studying chronological change through different methodological strategies. This study expands methodological and theoretical opportunities to consider the marriage effect and life course research.
Beware the Middleman: Empirical Analysis of Bitcoin-Exchange Risk

Bitcoin has enjoyed wider adoption than any previous crypto- currency; yet its success has also attracted the attention of fraudsters who have taken advantage of operational insecurity and transaction irreversibility. We study the risk investors face from Bitcoin exchanges, which convert between Bitcoins and hard currency. We examine the track record of 40 Bitcoin exchanges established over the past three years, and find that 18 have since closed, with customer account balances often wiped out. Fraudsters are sometimes to blame, but not always. Using a proportional hazards model, we find that an exchange’s transaction volume indicates whether or not it is likely to close. Less popular exchanges are more likely to be shut than popular ones. We also present a logistic regression showing that popular exchanges are more likely to suffer a security breach.
The Physics and Chemistry of Iceland Versus Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal Systems: Contrasting Boundary Conditions

This section contains three papers on the chemistry and physics of hydrothermal systems on Iceland and on mid-ocean ridges. These contributions detail the contrasting styles of the two systems in detail. But before examining the specifics of these hydrothermal circulation systems, it is appropriate to step back and examine the differences from a broad perspective. The physical and chemical processes of a subaereal and a deep subaqueous hot spring are similar, except that the boundary conditions are dramatically different. These changing boundary conditions produce very different surface expressions of hydrothermal convection, and it is important to identify cause and effect. Below two examples are given of differences caused by contrasting land versus deep sea hydrothermal activity that result from the same physical and chemical principles operating under atmospheric and greater than 200 atmospheres of pressure, respectively. First, the effects of boiling or the lack thereof in the two systems is quite different. Second, the pattern of fracturing which controls permeability is, itself, controlled by very different pore pressure and thus effective stress regimes on land versus in the deep sea.
Paranoia and the Aesthetics of Chaos in Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow

What many are now calling “the new science of chaos” is actually a diverse group of scientific investigations that promote a view of the world that corresponds, not accidently, with various textual strategies that have evolved over the last few decades.1 The similarity of these visions has lead some to speculate on the line (i.e., linearity) of influence. The argument generally runs that science has given birth to new insights in the structures of the world that are reflected in textual production and interpretation, or, the inverse, that literature has anticipated certain discoveries in science. Neither position, however, seems to take into account the complex dynamics of the cultural exchange of ideas between the two fields. But more importantly, neither argument takes into account the fact that both science and literature, to some extent, construct the contexts for their own interpretations. An awareness of this constructive factor might take us in a new direction: toward the metafictional nature of the “new science”, making us realize a scientific reflexivity based in the awareness of its own power of reorientation. In the end, it appears that science too promotes the paradoxical nature of language (even as literature does) by suggesting a chaos that is anything but chaotic.
Transport of Cholesterol and Cholesterol Esters by HDL

The epidemiologic evidence establishing a low HDL cholesterol level as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease is convincing beyond all possible doubt. However, the mechanisms by which a low HDL level predisposes to and a high HDL level protects against atherosclerosis are not firmly established. By all odds the most widely accepted hypothesis is that put forward by Glomset almost 20 years ago, namely, the hypothesis that HDL is involved in “reverse cholesterol transport” (1). Based on his studies of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, Glomset saw that HDL could accept free cholesterol from tissues and that this free cholesterol could be converted to the ester form by the action of LCAT. This would then allow the surface of the HDL molecule to accept another molecule of free cholesterol from the cells, and so on. This hypothesis is supported by many cell culture studies showing that HDL can act as an acceptor of cholesterol from cells overloaded with cholesterol [reviewed by Reichl and Miller (2)]. On the other hand, lipoprotein-deficient serum or even serum albumin alone can also facilitate the removal of cholesterol from cholesterol-loaded cells. Studies by Oram and colleagues, demonstrating a set of saturable binding sites on cells in culture that are up-regulated when the cells are loaded with cholesterol, also support the hypothesis (3,4) and several other groups have either observed specific, saturable binding of HDL or have actually partially purified a putative HDL receptor (see ref. 2). However, the results of these in vitro studies cannot be fully evaluated until there is a translation to the in vivo situation.
Unifying semantic wikis and semantic web applications

Many Semantic Wiki Engines have been developed in response to a semi-structured domain of application. Nevertheless these engines take very few advantages of the structured model on their viewing and editing interfaces. In this paper we present HyperDEWiki implementation where we combine Semantic Wiki and model-based Semantic Web Application allowing specialized interfaces and navigation. The tool is also intended to support domain ontology evolution.
Microexpressions Are Not the Best Way to Catch a Liar.

The time has come to look beyond fleeting, infrequent and minuscule emotional expressions to movements themselves and not to their presence but their absence. Deception produces positive as well as negative emotional experiences and sometimes no emotions at all. Felt emotions do not have a one-to-one correspondence to outward expressions, and microexpressions are especially rare, leading to false negatives and false positives. Discerning initial rigidity and temporal patterning of facial behavior may greatly increase the viability of facial movements in catching a liar.
Approximate Logic Synthesis Using Boolean Matrix Factorization

In this chapter, a new approximate circuit synthesis paradigm is presented, where approximations are introduced to the input circuit using Boolean matrix factorization (BMF). For a given multi-input, multi-output circuit, we first build its truth table and then approximate the truth table using BMF in a controllable fashion. The results of the BMF factorization are then used to synthesize the final approximate circuit. To scale our technique to large circuits, we devise a circuit decomposition method that breaks the circuit into manageable subcircuits. Furthermore, to effectively explore the design space of subcircuit approximations, a design space exploration technique is presented. Our approach offers a wide range of fine-grain trade-offs between accuracy and design complexity, i.e., design area and total power. We demonstrate that the proposed methodology can achieve large savings in power and area with small reductions in accuracy.
From "Plyler" to "Arizona": Have the Courts Forgotten About "Corfield v Coryell"?

The theme of the Symposium at which this Article was presented was Immigration Law and Institutional Design. Our mission, as Symposium participants, was to assess the efficacy of the institutions that adopt and enforce our immigration laws. But before we can possibly make an efficacy assessment, we must address a normative question, namely, just what is it that our immigration laws seek to accomplish? It seems to me that there are three mutually exclusive alternatives or, perhaps more accurately, three principal points on a continuum of policy alternatives: (1) open borders, with unconstrained immigration and naturalization; (2) closed borders, with no permanent immigration and naturalization, only temporary visas for students, tourists, and so forth; and (3) controlled borders, with limited immigration and naturalization according to some established standard. In our nation’s historical narrative, the first is best exemplified by the iconic words from the famous poem by Emma Lazarus, penned to help raise funds for the construction of the Statue of Liberty’s pedestal in the 1880s: “Give me your tired, your poor, / Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.”1 These
Interactive Quiz-Yourself Simulations

Twenty-two interactive simulations that require students to follow a step-by-step procedure were prepared for use in material and energy balances, thermodynamics, and separations courses. For each step, students input an answer and then the correct answer is displayed; hints are provided for most steps. To develop mastery, students can re-start the simulation with different values of the parameters. The simulations are available on the LearnChemE website (http://www.learncheme.com/quiz-yourself/step-by-step-simulations).
Drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and the N-methyl- d -aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist memantine are widely utilized worldwide in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Although AChEIs and memantine are considered to be relatively safe medications, it is important for clinicians to be aware of potential side effects, as failure to recognize medication induced adverse effects can lead to a significant reduction in quality of life, inappropriate prescribing cascades, or even death. With increased awareness of uncommon side effects, recognition and appropriate management can occur more quickly. As a new addition to the Side Effects of Drugs Annual series, this chapter captures the literature regarding adverse effects of AChEIs and memantine over the past 5 years.
Hypocalcemic Seizure Due to Vitamin D Deficiency.

Aim To emphasize the importance of vitamin D supplementation. Background The incidence of vitamin D deficiency has been increasing worldwide, probably due to decreased exposure to sunlight and unbalanced diet. Severe hypocalcemia following vitamin D deficiency is rather uncommon, and this leading to seizures in adults is a rare scenario. Case description This is the case of a 70-year-old female, a known case of coronary artery disease, who presented with one episode of seizure. Computed tomography of her brain revealed diffuse age-related atrophic changes, and electroencephalogram showed diffuse cerebral dysfunction. She was found to have severe hypocalcemia with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D bolus was given along with calcium correction, following which she improved. Conclusion There are a few reports of hypocalcemic seizures among children; however, the incidence is rare among adults. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation forms the mainstay of treatment. Clinical significance Hypocalcemic seizure is uncommon, especially among adults. Vitamin D deficiency resulting in hypocalcemic seizure, to the best of our knowledge, is an unreported scenario. This case highlights the importance of vitamin D supplementation in those with reduced sunlight exposure. How to cite this article Manappallil RG, Krishnan R, Veetil PP, Nambiar H, Karadan U, Anil R, et al. Hypocalcemic Seizure Due to Vitamin D Deficiency. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(9):882-884.
Human-agent bidirectional transparency

Abstract This chapter discusses frameworks and techniques that can be used to achieve transparent bidirectional human-agent communications. The first section describes models of transparency and related research showing the importance of insight into the agent's current actions, plans, and reasoning. We discuss visualization techniques (in the context of visual display designs) and how they can be used to support transparency between humans and agents. Technical issues involved with transparent human-agent communications in dynamic environments, Explainable AI, and human-agent shared mental models (SMM) are also discussed. Empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of these techniques for effective human-agent bidirectional communications and for identifying additional communication requirements to resolve uncertainty.
A Moment in Time: Leisure and the Manifestation of Purpose

There has been little consideration given to understanding the concept of time within leisure. Just what is time when considered as an ordering mechanism of our leisure behaviors? Most leisure research has approached the concept of time through a largely Western, monochronic understanding which emphasizes time for its linear ordering and quantifiable qualities. The dominance of this implicit understanding of time is also notably influenced by pressing ideologies that define Western society, such as neoliberalism, which can distort our personal discourse with our own time: we see it as a commodity – something to be used efficiently and to be invested. What this thought-piece aims to do is consider the existential properties of time, particularly the “moment,” as an opportunity to “achieve [the] total realization of a possibility” as illustrated by Lefebvre.
Tool selection for public diplomacy flagships: toward an adaptive model

The evolving relationship between nation-states and sub-national actors makes public policy a meaningful inside-out approach in public diplomacy (PD) research. This multi-level participation and complexity have also drawn attention to “flagship” as a particular mechanism that systematically coordinates and manages PD activities. Public diplomacy flagship, such as the Fulbright Program and the British Council, is an orchestra of various programs that serves the national agenda as well as personal and organizational goals. Yet, we seem to know little about the decision-making process of why the programs are selected and how they are fitted into a flagship. This article attempts to address this question from a public policy perspective. Viewing PD activities in various kinds as “tool options,” this article presents an adaptive model of tool selection to unpack the decision-making in public diplomacy flagships. Acknowledging the influence of human factors and the risk of over-generalization, the model aims to present one possibility among many and focus on the underlying relationships between the tools and their roles in a flagship. With examples from the Fulbright Program, the British Council, and Confucius Institute, this article explains how different users can adapt the model for their analytical, evaluative, and comparative purposes.
The Applicability of Gert Modeling and Simulation to Marketing Logistics

The field of logistics lends itself well to analysis through computer simulation. One such simulation technique is the Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT). The GERT model, its applicability to logistics, and areas of future research are discussed.
Border Pedagogy in the Age of Postmodernism.

Within the last two decades, the varied discourses known as postmodernism have exercised a strong influence on the nature of intellectual life both in and out of the university. As a form of cultural criticism, postmodernism has challenged a number of assumptions central to the discourse of modernism. These include modernism's reliance on metaphysical notions of the subject, its advocacy of science, technology, and rationality as the foundation for equating change with progress, its ethnocentric equation of history with the triumphs of European Civilization, and its globalizing view that the industrialized Western countries constitute "a legitimate center a unique and superior position from which to establish control and to determine hierarchies" (Richard, 1987/1988, p. 6). From the postmodernist perspective, modernism's claim to authority partly serves to privilege Western, patriarchal culture, on the one hand, while simultaneously repressing and marginalizing the voices of those who have been deemed subordinate and/or subjected to relations of oppression because of their color, class, ethnicity, race, or cultural and social capital. In postmodernist terms, the political map of modernism is one in which the voice of the other is consigned to the margins of existence, recognition, and possibility. At its best, a critical postmodernism wants to redraw the map of modernism so as to effect a shift in power from the privileged and the powerful to those groups struggling to gain a measure of control over their lives in what is increasingly becoming a world marked by a logic of disintegration (Dews, 1987). Postmodernism not only makes visible the ways in which domination is being prefigured and redrawn, it also points to the shifting configurations of power, knowledge, space, and time that characterize a world that is at once more global and more differentiated. One important aspect of postmodernism is its recognition that, as we move into the 21st century, we find ourselves no longer constrained by modern-
Effect of diurnal temperature cycles on the production of aflatoxin.

Abstract Exposures to short periods of high temperature (40 to 50 C) in each 24-hr diurnal temperature cycle (average temperature ca. 25 C) reduced growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and production and accumulation of the aflatoxins when compared with cultures held continuously at 25 C. In contrast, diurnal cycles with an average temperature of ca. 25 C but with minima as low as 10 C did not appreciably affect either growth or toxin production. The ratio of production of aflatoxin B to aflatoxin G increased as the maximal temperature was raised but remained essentially unchanged with decreasing minimal temperatures.
Bladder malignancies in children aged <18 years: results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database

Study Type – Prognosis (inception cohort) Level of Evidence 1b OBJECTIVE To present descriptive statistics for bladder tumours in children, calculated from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, as bladder malignancies are relatively uncommon in children, causing difficulty in understanding their incidence and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The SEER database was interrogated to report the incidence of bladder malignancies in children from birth to 18 years old. Race and sex differences were assessed. The 5-year survival by disease stage at diagnosis and 5-year conditional survival after surviving for 1–3 years is reported for 1973–2003. The incidence and survival rates for bladder embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were further characterized. RESULTS We identified 140 cases of bladder cancers in the selected cohort. Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) and rhabdomyosarcoma comprised 50.7% and 36.4% of the tumours, respectively. The incidence of bladder malignancies significantly increased between 1973 and 2003. Conditional survival calculated for 1 and 2 years after disease diagnosis was 93.6% and 97.5%. Fifty-one cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma were identified. The male to female incidence ratio was ≈2:1 for these tumours. The 5-year survival rates were 50–80% over the past three decades. CONCLUSIONS We present the most contemporary survey of the SEER database for the incidence and survival for bladder tumours in children. Depending on the patient’s age, PUNLMP and rhabdomyosarcoma predominated in different proportions. The 2–3-year conditional survival and overall survival were excellent. We also identified improving survival for embryonal bladder rhabdomyosarcoma with time.
Die Emission von Rubin-Laser im Temperaturbereich von 55 bis 300° K

Es wurde der Einflus der Temperatur auf die Emission eines impulsbetriebenen Rubin-Laser untersucht, indem der zeitliche Verlauf und die raumliche Verteilung der Strahlungsleistung bei mehreren Temperaturen zwischen 55 und 300° K und verschiedenen Pumpenergien beobachtet wurde. Auserdem wurden die Gesamtenergie der Laser-Blitze und die Schwellenwerte ermittelt. Mit sinkender Temperatur folgen die Einzelimpulse (spikes) immer schneller aufeinander, und es entsteht ein kontinuierlicher Strahlungsanteil, der besonders zwischen 150 und 120° K anwachst. Zwischen 120 und 77° K verschwinden die Impulsspitzen immer mehr, so das ein ziemlich homogener Intensitatsverlauf entsteht. Bei Stickstofftemperatur werden periodische Relaxationsschwingungen beobachtet. Der allmahliche Ubergang zur quasi-kontinuierlichen Emission wird mit der Reduktion der Fluoreszenzlinienbreite und der Erhohung der Fluoreszenzausbeute in Zusammenhang gebracht.
Introduction of Plasmid DNA into Cells

This appendix presents a procedure for transformation using calcium chloride, and also an alternate procedure for one-step preparation and transformation of competent cells.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

This entry provides a brief overview of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The following components are covered: first, a brief history of the disorder since the late nineteenth century; second, a breakdown of the epidemiology of ADHD; third, a discussion of the neurological, psychodynamic, allergenic, and sociological etiologies of the disorder; fourth, a discussion of the prevalent treatment approaches to ADHD; and finally, an explanation of ADHD through a “medicalization” framework. Keywords: attention deficit disorder; medicalization; mental health; sociology of mental health
Measurement of the cell proliferation rate of bone marrow erythroid precursors by flow cytometry: initial applications to multiple myeloma.

To investigate the pathophysiology of anemia, a two-color flow cytometric method was developed that measures the proliferative rate of the marrow erythroid cells (EPR). The method uses a monoclonal...
Using a cerebellar model for FES control of the upper limb

Current methods for automatic feedback control of functional electrical stimulation (FES) employ classical techniques, and require much trial-and-error calibration. Given the nonlinear and time-varying nature of the system, there is a need for more sophisticated control techniques. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have shown great promise for the control of complex nonlinear systems due to their ability to learn any arbitrarily complicated mapping. Among currently used ANN structures, the cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) is the one that reflects most closely the behavior of the cerebellum. The authors propose the use of a self-organizing version of CMAC (SOCMAC) that utilizes available resources more efficiently. Both CMAC and SOCMAC controllers are trained to learn the behavior of a PI controller. A model of elbow flexion/extension is used to illustrate the results. >
The deuterium-induced reconstruction of Cu(100): Correlation of surface structures with absolute coverage

Abstract We have determined absolute coverages of deuterium on Cu(100) using the reaction D(3He, p)4He and found a saturation coverage of one deuterium atom per surface copper atom. LEED observations reveal no superlattice structures below $ 0.45 ML and four different superlattice structures above this coverage.
Cold Rolled Steel and Knowledge: What Can Higher Education Learn About Productivity?

How is teaching introductory statistics like producing a high-quality coil of cold rolled steel? Can educators learn techniques from the manufacturing sector that make instruction more productive? ...
Electrical Conductivity and Density of Molten Cryolite with Additives

The electrical conductivities at 1000°C, expressed as per cent of the cryolite value, for cryolite containing 10 weight per cent of the following substances are: sodium fluoride 112, calcium fluoride 96, aluminum fluoride 91, and alumina 83. For pure sodium fluoride at 1000°C, conductivity is 5.52 ohm−1cm−1, compared to 2.80 ohm−1cm−1 for cryolite. Molar conductance decreases linearly with mole per cent sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, alumina, or calcium fluoride addition to cryolite. The activation energy for conductance, calculated from a plot of the Arrhenius equation, is about 4.3 kcal/mole for the systems of cryolite with sodium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and alumina, as well as for pure sodium fluoride, but is slightly higher for the cryolite‐calcium fluoride system. This value agrees reasonably with the 4.48 kcal/mole for pure chryolite. Densities in these systems change linearly with temperature, that for pure sodium fluoride following the equation . The stability of the complex is indicated by a density maximum.
Solid oxide fuel cell cathodes by infiltration of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 − δ into Gd-Doped Ceria

Abstract This paper describes the structure and electrochemical properties of solid oxide fuel cell cathodes prepared by infiltration of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 − δ (LSCF) into porous Gd-Doped Ceria (GDC). The GDC scaffolds were prepared by partial sintering of GDC compacts on dense GDC electrolytes. LSCF was introduced into these structures by multiple infiltrations of aqueous nitrate solutions followed by firing. The cathode polarization resistance, measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on symmetrical cells, showed a pronounced minimum as a function of GDC firing temperature at 1100–1200 °C, where the microstructure was well-necked but porous with ~ 300-nm-sized particles. Increasing the infiltrated LSCF loading decreased the polarization resistance up to the highest loading tested, 12.5 vol.%. Decreasing the LSCF firing temperature decreased the polarization resistance due to a decrease in the LSCF feature size from ~ 1 μm at 1200 °C to ~ 50 nm at 800 °C. Thus, the infiltration method allowed separate control over the microstructures of the GDC and LSCF phases. The lowest polarization resistance measured at 600 °C was 0.24 Ω cm 2 .
Lupus anticoagulant acquired hypoprothrombinemia syndrome in childhood: two distinct patterns and review of the literature

Introduction Lupus anticoagulant associated with acquired prothrombin deficiency also known as ‘lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinemia syndrome’ (LAHS) is an entity that is well described in adults and is usually associated with autoimmune conditions (LAHS-AI). However, in children, LAHS has unique features that are distinct from the adult type. Aims We report two paediatric cases of LAHS, describe their distinct patterns and review the paediatric literature on LAHS. Methods Case studies on two patients with LAHS were reviewed, details on their presentation, work up and management were extracted. A Medline search was conducted on LAHS in children between 1960 and 2014; Articles in languages other than English were excluded. Results The case studies highlight the differences in the two patterns of childhood LAHS. Additionally the review of the literature reveals that there are 15 case reports and 5 case series that report 25 children with LAHS-AI, 9 case reports and 6 case series report 26 children of LAHS associated with viral infections (LAHS-VI). At presentation, all patients with LAHS-AI had positive laboratory tests for autoimmune diseases, most commonly for systemic lupus erythematosus while these tests were negative in LAHS-VI. All patients with LAHS-AI had a protracted course and needed prolonged treatment with immune-suppressive therapy while patients with LAHS-VI resolved spontaneously or needed short-term immune-modulating therapy. Conclusion In childhood, two distinct patterns of LAHS are observed, either associated with infection or autoimmune disease. Initial diagnostic investigations are critical to differentiating these two patterns as the prognosis and outcome for each is distinct.
Approximating dispersion from a finite line source

Abstract We examine the basis of the approximation suggested by Calder [1973. On estimating air pollution concentrations from a highway in an oblique wind. Atmospheric Environment 7, 863–868], Luhar and Patil [1989. A general finite line source model for vehicular pollution prediction. Atmospheric Environment 23, 555–562], and Esplin [1995. Approximate explicit solution to the general line source problem. Atmospheric Environment 29, 1459–1463] for the concentration downwind of a finite line source when the wind blows at an angle to the source. The Luhar–Esplin (LE) approximation is equivalent to replacing the varying source–receptor distances in the integral representing the concentration caused by the line source by an effective distance along the wind direction between the receptor and the line source. This approximation performs poorly when the wind approaches a direction parallel to the line source. It can be improved by retaining the effective-distance approximation only for evaluation of vertical diffusion and approximating the resulting line source integral with the assumption of small cross-wind distance. The resulting Horst–Venkatram approximation has much smaller errors than those of the LE approximation for the range of receptor locations considered in this paper.
Biologically Inspired Polarization-Difference Imaging

Without appropriate instruments, human eyes cannot effectively sense the polarization of light. However, it is well known that the eyes of certain animal species are sensitive to light's polarization. Motivated and inspired by hypotheses about the polarization sensitivity of the visual systems of such animals, our research group has been studying and developing an imaging methodology based on "polarization-difference" signals. We have shown that our man-made polarization-difference imaging (PDI) technique can, under certain circumstances, substantially improve contrast and enhance visibility of targets in scattering media. In this talk, a review of our work in the area of biologically inspired PDI will be given and some of our recent results in PDI of objects will be presented and discussed.
Model-Based Feedforward-Feedback Actuator Control for Real-Time Hybrid Simulation

AbstractSubstructure hybrid simulation is a powerful, cost-effective alternative for testing structural systems, closely coupling numerical simulation and experimental testing to obtain the complete response of a structure. In this approach, well-understood components of the structure are modeled numerically, while the components of interest are tested physically. Generally, an arbitrary amount of time may be used to calculate and apply displacements at each step of the hybrid simulation. However, when the rate-dependent behavior of the physical specimen is important, real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) must be used. Computation, communication, and servohydraulic actuator limitations cause delays and lags that lead to inaccuracies and potential instabilities in RTHS. This paper proposes a new model-based servohydraulic tracking control method including feedforward-feedback links to achieve accurate tracking of a desired displacement in real time. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated throug...
The PCORI perspective on patient-centered outcomes research.

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) was established as part of the US Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 to fund patient-centered comparative clinical effectiveness research, extending the concept of patient-centeredness from health care delivery to health care research. In the United States, patient-centered outcomes research is new and not defined in the legislation, and the rationale is unclear to many. In this Viewpoint, we address 2 related questions: What does patientcenteredness in research mean? Why conduct patientcentered outcomes research? The essence of the PCORI definition of patientcentered outcomes research is the evaluation of questions and outcomes meaningful and important to patients and caregivers. The definition rests on the axiom that patients have unique perspectives that can change and improve the pursuit of clinical questions. Relevant to both the definition and rationale is the hypothesis that including the perspectives of end users of the research, which include patients, physicians, and other health care stakeholders, will enhance the relevance of research to actual health decisions these end users face. In turn, increased relevance is hypothesized to improve uptake of the evidence and improve the likelihood that patients will achieve the health outcomes they desire. Although this proposed causal chain is readily understood in relation to questions of direct interest to pa
Malignant papillary mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis testis

A malignant papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis with retroperitoneal lymph node and pulmonary metastases is reported in a seventy-seven-year-old man. Electron microscopy of a local recurrence documented its mesothelial origin. The clinical and pathologic features of these rare neoplasms are discussed.
Crystal and molecular structure of a double complex of manganese with phthalocyanato and pyridine ligands.

A crystalline solid, formed by oxidation of phthalocyanatomanganese(II) in pyridine, has been identified as phthalocyanatopyridinemanganese(III)-µ-oxo-phthalocyanatopyridinemanganese(III)dipyridinate(C74H42Mn2N18O2C5H5N) byx-ray diffraction methods. This novel molecule consists of two manganese complexes joined by an essentially linear Mn—O—Mn bridge. Its structure may have some relation to oxidation processes in biological systems.
How to Drink From a Fire Hose Without Drowning: Collection Assessment in a Numbers-Driven Environment

As collection budgets have dwindled, library acquisitions has become a data-driven field that relies on hard numbers. Libraries are struggling with the demands of adapting to a numbers-driven environment, both from a personnel and a data management perspective. This article includes a literature review, survey results, and practical advice that can be applied to most library environments. A model of transferable outcomes is introduced that encourages libraries to create a data pool of statistical information that can be applied to collections decisions in a variety of ways to quantify the impact of library resources to the broader community.
Cartilage proteoglycans: comparison of sectioned and spread whole molecules.

Cartilage matrix proteoglycans appear as small dense granules in thin sections for electron microscopy, but as large “bottlebrush” structures when aggregates are isolated and spread by the Kleinschmidt technique for electron microscopy. Comparison of these images suggests that the granules are too small to be aggregates and more likely represent one or several monomer portions of the aggregate. Similar granules also are present in Golgi saccules and secretory vacuoles, where size considerations suggest that formation of aggregates from monomers occurs extracellularly. This is consistent with biochemical data from Kimura, Hardingham, Hascall, and Solursh, J. Biol. Chem. 254, 2600–2609, 1979 , suggesting extracellular aggregation.
Cardiovascular effects of centrally perfused clonidine.

Abstract Earlier work has indicated that the systemic cardiovascular actions of clonidine might mediated by caudal brainstem centers, especially the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). This study sought to define the mode of clonidine action on the NTS more explicitly using the technique of push-pull perfusion on urethane-anesthetized rats. The NTS of sterotaxically mounted subjects was unilaterally perfused with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid at 25 μl/min. Clonidine was added to the medium at concentrations of 5 to 500 μM, without interruption of flow, for test periods of 10 min. Systemic drug actions were expressed in terms of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), both of which were recorded continuously throughout the experiment. Decreases occured in both MAP and HR following clonidine perfusion at all concentrations. However, the dose-effect relationship for the blood pressure response was dependent to some extent on control pressure. When this was considered as a variable, the drug-induced pressure effects were significantly dose-dependent. Control HR values were more stable than pressure and dose-related decreases following clonidine administration were highly significant. The clonidine concentrations investigated here were considerably lower than those previously studied by microinjection. The observed dose-related depression of MAP and HR under basal conditions may be related to specific α 2 -adrenergic receptor activation of the NTS.
β-Caryophyllene Derivatives from the Wild Cottons

Abstract 12-Hydroxy-β-caryophyllene (1), 12-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene acetate (2), and 12-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene-4,5-oxide acetate (3) were purified from the essential oil of the wild cottons Gossypium armourianum Kearn., G. harknessii Brandg., and G. turneri Fryx. by preparative gas chromatography and identified using NMR and mass spectroscopy. In chloroform solution, the first two compounds exist as two slowly interconverting conformers as does β-caryophyllene.
Differences in DNA binding specificity among Roseolovirus origin binding proteins.

Abstract The Roseolovirus genus of the Betaherpesvirinae consists of the very closely related viruses, human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) plus the somewhat more distantly related human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). The roseoloviruses each encode a homolog of the alphaherpesvirus origin binding protein (OBP) which is required for lytic DNA replication. In contrast, members of the other betaherpesvirus genera, the cytomegaloviruses, initiate DNA replication by a different mechanism. To better understand the basis of roseolovirus OBP sequence specificity, we investigated their ability to recognize each other's binding sites. HHV-6A OBP (OBP H6A ) and HHV-6B OBP (OBP H6B ) each bind to both of the HHV-7 OBP sites (OBP-1 and OBP-2) with similar strengths, which are also similar to their nearly equivalent interactions with their own sites. In contrast, HHV-7 OBP (OBP H7 ) had a gradient of binding preferences: HHV-7 OBP-2 > HHV-6 OBP-2 > HHV-7 OBP-1 > HHV-6 OBP-1. Thus, the roseolovirus OBPs are not equally reciprocal in their recognition of each other's OBP sites, suggesting that the sequence requirements for the interaction of OBPH7 at the OBP sites in its cognate ori Lyt differ from those of OBPH6A and OBPH6B.