cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibration monitoring of cylindrical shells using piezoelectric sensors

From linear vibration theory for beams and plates, one can express the response as a linear combination of its natural modes. For beams, these eigenfunctions can be shown to be mutually orthogonal for any boundary conditions. For plates, orthogonality of the modes is not guaranteed, but can be proven for various boundary conditions. Modal analysis for beams and plates allows the system response to be broken down into simpler vibration models, due to the orthogonality of the modes. Here the modal analysis approach is extended to the vibration of thin cylindrical shells. The longitudinal, radial, and circumferential displacements are coupled with each other, due to Poisson's ratio and the curvature of the shell. As will be shown, the mode shapes can be solved analytically with numerically determined coefficients. The immediate application of this work will be for modal sensing of cylindrical shell vibrations using thin piezoelectric films.
Ecological effects of salicin at three trophic levels: new problems from old adaptations.

Salicin, a toxic phenol glycoside, is used by larvae of the beetle Chrysomela aenicollis as a substrate for producing defensive secretions. In the east-central Sierra Nevada mountains of California, salicin concentrations ranged from 0.05 percent to over 5 percent of dry weight in leaves of different plants of Salix orestera, the Sierra willow. Beetles produced more secretion and suffered less predation on willows containing more salicin. In addition, leaf damage due to herbivory among 16 willow clones ranged from 0 to 20 percent of leaf area and was linearly related to salicin content. These results illustrate how a plant secondary chemical can become a problem for the plant when herbivores are adapted to use the chemical for their own benefit. The results also show the effect of a plant chemical on three trophic levels—the producer, a herbivore, and the predators of the herbivore.
ISOL beams from fragmentation: the best of both worlds

Abstract A new method, based on in-flight fragment separation, stopping of the fragments as singly-charged ions in a large helium gas cell, and fast extraction, allows for a breakthrough in capabilities for the production of a broad range of radioactive beams. The scheme combines the intrinsic advantages of in-flight fragmentation, short delay times and universality, with those of the ISOL concept, high-quality beams of precise energy. A key component of this approach is the large stopping gas cell which utilizes DC and RF electric fields to quickly guide the radioactive ions to the exit of the cell. A prototype for this cell has been successfully built and tested at Argonne.
The effect of compiler optimizations on Pentium 4 power consumption

This paper examines the effect of compiler optimizations on the energy usage and power consumption of the Intel Pentium 4 processor. We measure the effects of different levels of general optimization and specific optimization. We classify general optimizations as those compiler flags which enable a set of compiler optimizations. Specific optimizations are those which can be enabled and disabled individually. The three specific optimizations we study are loop unrolling, loop vectorization, and function inlining. The binaries used in this study are generated using the Intel C++ compiler, which allows fine-grained control over each of these specific optimizations.
Testing process designs by their simulated performance in the market place

Abstract A modified business game which accepts, as input, process designs to produce a particular product, and tests their performance in a simulated market has been developed and is proposed as a new decision making tool in the preliminary process design phase of a project. The procedure is illustrated with a simple model process, using a demand curve for the chemical product and assuming that the producers operate in an oligopoly. Results are presented in terms of market share, sales, profit, stock in inventory and return on investment for each firm. The effect of competition and the importance of the chemical product demand curve on profitability are clearly shown. By running various simulations, valuable information regarding the ‘optimal” process design can be generated.
The Influence of Transabdominal Gastroplasty: Early Outcomes of Hiatal Hernia Repair

Objective The aim of our study was to review our experience with transabdominal gastroplasty to determine the safety and short-term efficacy of the procedure.
Processing Approximate Moving Range Queries in Mobile Sensor Environments

The ubiquity of mobile devices has led to a rising demand for location-based services and applications. A major part of these services is based on the location-detection capabilities of the mobile devices. Utilization of location data reported by the devices is associated with a certain amount of uncertainty due to the device’s mobility. In this paper, we examine an environment, which consists of mobile objects with no location-detection capabilities, and location-aware mobile sensors randomly scattered, that can sense the presence of mobile devices. These sensors can detect the identities of mobile objects that come within their sensing ranges but cannot infer their exact locations. The sensor readings are periodically reported to a database server. This system supports processing of mobile location-dependent range queries over mobile objects. The answer set of each query carries a certain degree of uncertainty due to the approximate nature of the reported object location data. We exploit scenarios of sensor range overlap to reduce the uncertainty inherent in the query result. Our work is validated through an extensive simulation study that provides assessment of the query results accuracy.
Diverse Sequential Subset Selection for Supervised Video Summarization

Video summarization is a challenging problem with great application potential. Whereas prior approaches, largely unsupervised in nature, focus on sampling useful frames and assembling them as summaries, we consider video summarization as a supervised subset selection problem. Our idea is to teach the system to learn from human-created summaries how to select informative and diverse subsets, so as to best meet evaluation metrics derived from human-perceived quality. To this end, we propose the sequential determinantal point process (seqDPP), a probabilistic model for diverse sequential subset selection. Our novel seqDPP heeds the inherent sequential structures in video data, thus overcoming the deficiency of the standard DPP, which treats video frames as randomly permutable items. Meanwhile, seqDPP retains the power of modeling diverse subsets, essential for summarization. Our extensive results of summarizing videos from 3 datasets demonstrate the superior performance of our method, compared to not only existing unsupervised methods but also naive applications of the standard DPP model.
A new approach for improved evaluation of sommerfeld integral tails for PEC-terminated single layered media

Sommerfeld integrals [1] appearing in the Green's function for layered media pose significant challenges in computation of the tail part of the integrand when the observer and source locations have large lateral separations with the observer close to the interface(s) [2]-[5]. Analytical [3],[4] and novel numerical [5] methods have been utilized to circumvent such problems, and is the subject of this paper. The purpose of this investigation is to obtain improved analytical forms for closed-form evaluation of the Sommerfeld integral tail that are more general compared to [3],[4].
Bark beetles and dwarf mistletoe interact to alter downed woody material, canopy structure, and stand characteristics in northern Colorado ponderosa pine

Abstract Due to the recent outbreaks of bark beetles in western U.S.A., research has focused on the effects of tree mortality on forest conditions, such as fuel complexes and stand structure. However, most studies have addressed outbreak populations of bark beetles only and there is a lack of information on the effect of multiple endemic, low level populations of biotic disturbance agents that could influence forest dynamics, fuel heterogeneity, and species composition. Downed woody material, fuel parameters and stand characteristics were assessed in areas of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) infested with southwestern dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum), and in areas with endemic populations of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and Ips spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in northern Colorado. Both endemic bark beetles and dwarf mistletoe were associated with more dense stands than uninfested plots and resulted in reducing basal area of live trees. The amount of downed woody material was positively related to time since tree mortality and basal area of bark beetle-attacked trees. There was an increase of up to 10% for fine and coarse downed woody material for every increase of 1 m2 ha−1 basal area of mortality from mountain pine beetle that was 4–15 years after death. The average intensity of dwarf mistletoe infections on live trees was positively related to amount of 10-h downed woody material and negatively associated with percent live ponderosa pine crown. Fuel bed and canopy characteristics were dependent on the presence of both dwarf mistletoe and mountain pine beetle-caused mortality. Together these endemic biotic disturbances have an effect on downed woody material biomass accumulation, fuel arrangements, stand densities and species composition.
The bifunctional peptidoglycan lysin of Streptococcus agalactiae bacteriophage B30.

A group B streptococcal (GBS) bacteriophage lysin gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme, calculated to have a molecular mass of 49 677 Da, lysed GBS cells. The susceptibility of GBS cells to lysis by the enzyme depended upon the growth stage at which they were harvested, with early exponential phase cells most sensitive. Calcium ions enhanced the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme also lysed other β-haemolytic streptococci, including groups A, C, E and G streptococci, but not common oral streptococci, including Streptococcus mutans. The generation of both reducing activity and N-terminal alanine residues during lysis indicated that the lysin is a bifunctional enzyme, possessing both glycosidase and endopeptidase activities. This is consistent with the presence of two conserved sequence domains, an Acm (acetylmuramidase) domain associated with lysozyme activity, and a CHAP (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolases/peptidases) domain associated with endopeptidase activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved cysteine and histidine residues in the CHAP domain and conserved aspartate and glutamate residues in the Acm domain confirmed their importance for lysozyme and endopeptidase activity respectively.
The Adaptive Dynamics of Turnout

We present a dynamic model of turnout in which voters’ behavior in one election depends only on whether they voted in the last election and whether their party won. This assumption may be justified by assuming citizens satisfice or by assuming they adjust subjective beliefs about being pivotal in ways that depend on whether they voted and on the outcome of the election. Regardless of the individual-level mechanism, the assumption that prior voter turnout and prior electoral outcome affect current turnout has empirical support, and we show that it implies turnout dynamics that are in accord with observed dynamics in several countries. Thus, this assumption or something very much like it is a necessary feature of any model of turnout. The ensuing model meets a basic requirement of any turnout model, substantial steady-state turnout, and correctly predicts some counterintuitive dynamical features of aggregate turnout—including declining turnout despite close elections and nonmonotonic changes—following signi...
Load transfer characteristics of the wrist. Part I. The normal joint

A static positioning frame allows the positioning of unembalmed human upper extremities in any combination of wrist flexion/extension, radio/ulnar deviation, and pronation/supination. Pressure-sensitive film (Fuji) was used to study the contact areas, scaphoid-lunate area ratios, average high pressures, centroid positions, and intercentroid distances of five wrist joints under a uniform load of 103 Newtons (N) in 36 different positions. The contact areas accounted for only 20.6% of the available joint surface. They shift from a primarily palmar location to a primarily dorsal location when the wrist changes from flexion to extension. Overall the scaphoid contact area was 1.47 times that of the lunate and was generally greatest with the wrist in ulnar deviation. The scapho-lunate contact area ratio increased as wrist position changed from radial to ulnar deviation and/or from flexion to extension. For the constant load of 103 Newtons the high pressure averaged 3.17 megapascals (MPa). The scaphoid and Innate high pressure centroids shifted palmar when wrist position changed from 20° of flexion to 20° of extension and then shifted dorsal with further extension of the wrist. The intercentroid distance averaged 14.91 mm and ranged from 10 to 20 mm.
Fungi and Bacteria in or on Leaves of Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) from Chesapeake Bay.

Samples of green and brown leaves of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) were incubated in seawater without an additional carbon source. Parallel leaf samples were used for acridine orange bacterial counting and water-soluble aniline blue estimation of fungal biovolume. The incubations produced no evidence that there is an eelgrass counterpart for the chytridialean symbiont which is very common in turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum Konig). Sterile mycelium (i.e., living mycelium without identifiable propagules) was the most prevalent fungal form on incubated samples from submerged sites, whereas Dendryphiella salina and Sigmoidea sp. (marina?) were prevalent on brown leaves from the wrack line. Attempts to assay fungal biovolume in field samples indicated that the sterile mycelium observed after incubation represented the outgrowth of formerly dormant propagules or weakly established microcolonies. It was calculated that fungal biomass could not account for more than 0.5% of leaf mass, and it was probably much smaller than this, for no fungal structures were observed even in concentrated leaf homogenates. Bacterial densities fell within the range reported for other particulate substrates. A speculative estimate of bacterial productivity was 1.4× the standing stock per day.
Nonuniform A/D Quantization for ImprovedDynamic Responses of Digitally ControlledDC–DC Converters

This paper presents an approach to improve dynamic responses of digitally controlled DC-DC converters using nonuniform analog-to-digital (A/D) quantization of the output voltage error. The nonuniform A/D quantizer parameters are selected to achieve improved step-load transient responses without compromising stability margins. The implementation, which includes a programmable A/D quantizer and a look-up table based discrete-time compensator, is simple and well suited for practical high-frequency digital pulsewidth modulation controllers. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a proof-of-concept point-of-load 5 V-to-1.3 V digitally controlled synchronous buck converter.
Flexible aliphatic-bridged bisphenol-based polybenzoxazines

In this paper, we report the synthesis of a series of novel aliphatic-bridged bisphenol-based benzoxazine monomers comprising four to ten methylene unit spacers (BZ(n)BA). Cationic ring-opening polymerization of these monomers provides flexible polybenzoxazine thermosets with good film forming characteristics under solvent-free processing conditions. The effects of aliphatic bisphenol chain length on polymerization behavior, thermomechanical transitions, and mechanical properties of the polybenzoxazine thermosets are reported. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show the ring-opening polymerization proceeds to high conversion with minimal dependence on spacer chain length. Thermomechanical properties of the pBZ(n)BA thermosets, such as rubbery storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg), show a strong dependence on the length of the aliphatic-bridged bisphenol linker where both properties decrease with increasing linker length. In particular, changing the length of the aliphatic-bridged bisphenol linker enables tailoring the Tg of the pBZ(n)BA series from 67 °C to 101 °C, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Tensile properties of the pBZ(n)BA series exhibit similar trends with Young's modulus decreasing and elongation at break increasing with increasing aliphatic-bridged bisphenol linker length. The pBZ(n)BA materials all show a similar three mode degradation process by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) consistent with other bisphenol based polybenzoxazines, and additionally exhibit a decrease in char yield with increasing aliphatic chain length owing to a decrease in aromatic content in the thermoset network.
The 2007–09 Recession And Health Insurance Coverage

Loss of employment and declining incomes meant that five million Americans lost employment-based health insurance during the recent economic recession (2007–09). All groups of Americans were affected, but the growth in the number of uninsured people was particularly noticeable for whites, native-born citizens, and residents of the Midwest and South. Adults did not benefit nearly as much as children from public programs designed to offset the decline in employer-sponsored insurance and thus bore all of the burden of rising uninsurance. Throughout the past decade, even in good economic times, the number of Americans with employer-sponsored insurance has fallen, and the number of uninsured Americans has increased. This finding underscores the importance of planned coverage expansions under the Affordable Care Act.
Crown Ether Reaction Kinetics

The macrocycles 18-crown-6 and 15-crown-5 in aqueous solution undergo at least one rapid conformational change detectable by ultrasound. A correlation between ring size and rigidity of such macrocycles and the rapidity of the conformational change is suggested. A linear inverse correlation exists between the rate constant for formation of crown ether-alkali and alkaline earth metal cation complexes and the charge density of the cation. 2, 6-dimethylylbenzoic acid-18-crown-5 does not significantly accelerate cleavage of glycine p-nitrophenyl ester in aqueous solution whereas crown ethers with functionalized side arms do catalyze this type of reaction. Ultrasonic absorption kinetic data are reported for aqueous amino acid-crown ether complexation reactions that indicate the complexation step is unlikely to be rate limiting in any such crown ether catalyzed process in waterlike solvents.
Regulation of the Pancreatic Islet-Specific Gene BETA2 (neuroD) by Neurogenin 3

The BETA2 (neuroD) gene is expressed in endocrine cells during pancreas development and is essential for proper islet morphogenesis. The objective of this study is to identify potential upstream regulators of the BETA2 gene during pancreas development. We demonstrated that the expression of neurogenin 3 (ngn3), an islet- and neuron-specific basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor, partially overlaps that of BETA2 during early mouse development. More importantly, overexpression of ngn3 can induce the ectopic expression of BETA2 in Xenopus embryos and stimulate the endogenous RNA of BETA2 in endocrine cell lines. Furthermore, overexpression of ngn3 could cause a dose-dependent activation on the 1.0-kb BETA2 promoter in islet-derived cell lines. Deletion and mutation analyses revealed that two proximal E box sequences, E1 and E3, could bind to ngn3-E47 heterodimer and mediate ngn3 activation. Based on these results, we hypothesize that ngn3 is involved in activating the expression of BETA2 at an early stage of islet cell differentiation through the E boxes in the BETA2 promoter.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopies of single-crystal silicon microworn/machined using atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is commonly used for microwear/machining studies of materials at very light loads. To understand material removal mechanism on the microscale, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were conducted on the microworn/machined single-crystal silicon. SEM studies of micromachined single-crystal silicon indicate that at light loads material is removed by ploughing. Fine particulate debris is observed at light loads. At higher loads, cutting type and ribbon-like debris were observed. This debris is loose and can be easily removed by scanning with an AFM tip. TEM images of a wear mark generated at 40 μN show bend contours in and around the wear mark, suggesting that there are residual stresses. Dislocations, cracks, or any special features were not observed inside or outside wear marks using plan-view TEM. Therefore, material is mostly removed in a brittle manner or by chipping without major dislocation activity, crack formation, and phase transformation at the surface. However, presence of ribbon-like debris suggests some plastic deformation as well.
Multiplexed molecular detection using encoded microparticles and nanoparticles

Signal-encoded microparticles and nanoparticles have been used to label many reactions simultaneously for target identification in assays, and thus are an indispensable part of multiplex technologies. With the increasing demand for multiplexed molecular detection, encoded particles have evolved from pattern encoding to signal-intensity encoding, and also from signal-molecule encapsulation to signal-molecule tagging. The fabrication and utilization of such nano- and microparticles should advance multiplexed analysis. This short review focuses on how these encoded particles work and briefly touches on their applications in multiplexed molecular detection.
The early phase of dielectric surface flashover

Results of high-temporal-resolution current, luminosity, and X-ray measurements indicate the existence of free electrons during the first phase of dielectric surface flashover. The linearly rising current points to a saturation mechanism of the carrier amplification during this phase. In a subsequent phase, the exponentially rising current, the termination of the X-ray emission, and the build-up of plasma above the surface indicate gaseous ionization processes. The observations are compatible with the standard model for dielectric surface flashover-the saturated secondary electron emission avalanche and electron induced gas desorption. >
Protein kinase Cε: an oncogene and emerging tumor biomarker

Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family have long been studied for their contributions to oncogenesis. Among the ten different isoforms of this family of serine/threonine kinases, protein kinase Ce (PKCe) is one of the best understood for its role as a transforming oncogene. In vitro, overexpression of PKCe has been demonstrated to increase proliferation, motility, and invasion of fibroblasts or immortalized epithelial cells. In addition, xenograft and transgenic animal models have clearly shown that overexpression of PKCe is tumorigenic resulting in metastatic disease. Perhaps most important in implicating the epsilon isoform in oncogenesis, PKCe has been found to be overexpressed in tumor-derived cell lines and histopathological tumor specimens from various organ sites. Combined, this body of work provides substantial evidence implicating PKCe as a transforming oncogene that plays a crucial role in establishing an aggressive metastatic phenotype. Reviewed here is the literature that has led to the current understanding of PKCe as an oncogene. Moreover, this review focuses on the PKCe-mediated signaling network for cell motility and explores the interaction of PKCe with three major PKCe signaling nodes: RhoA/C, Stat3 and Akt. Lastly, the emerging role of PKCe as a tumor biomarker is discussed.
Valuation of the benefits of risk-free blood. Willingness to pay for hemoglobin solutions.

The dream of artificial blood has existed since the 1960s. Disease-free hemoglobin solutions will be commercially available in 1991. A willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey was undertaken to assess the tangible and intangible benefits to the public from this new product. The positive results suggest that third-party payers should cover this benefit and assist the diffusion of this new technology. From the perspective of industrial marketing, results suggest that there will be little consumer price resistance for hemoglobin solutions within the suggested price range of $225–300 per unit. Management implications of this new product are discussed.
Acid orcein and Giemsa stain. Modification of a valuable stain for dermatologic specimens.

Heating the skin biopsy section in the Giemsa solution at 60° C for 1/2 h shortens the staining time required for the acid orcein and Giemsa technique and improves the color contrast.
Mechanical behavior of Cu-10Ni-6Sn spinodal alloy

Experimental studies on deformation behavior of Cu-10Ni-6Sn spinodal alloy specimens subjected to different aging treatments were carried out at various temperatures ranging from 77/sup 0/K to 353/sup 0/K, using a micro-tensile device. It was found that the total elongation was independent of aging time as long as the modulated structure was coherent. Observed slip distribution and activation energy obtained in these investigations are presented. Transmission electron microscopy of deformed specimens showed straignt dislocations in as-quenched samples; they were curved and wavy in aged samples. Burgers vector analysis of the dislocations present in the deformed aged samples indicated that they were of mixed character. Preliminary theoretical results on the role of wave-squaring of the internal stress field on CRSS are also presented.
Corporate Governance Mechanisms: A Plea for Less Code of Good Governance and More Market Control

This paper provides a critical comparative analysis of corporate governance mechanisms in market-oriented (Anglo-Saxon) and large shareholder-oriented (Continental European) systems of corporate governance. Deficiencies in shareholder protection in the legal systems of both corporate governance systems have been addressed through the use of codes of good governance, a set of norms that regulate the behaviour and structure of the board of directors. However, the lower enforceability of norms in Continental Europe limits the applicability of such codes. Therefore, we argue that in Continental Europe, rather than promoting codes of good governance, it is necessary to expand market control mechanisms to facilitate the maximisation of firm value.
Quantitative Microdetermination of Enzymes in Sweat Gland III. Succinic Dehydrogenase in Cystic Fibrosis.

SummaryA micro method for quantitative determination of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was applied to frozen, vacuum-dried sweat gland. SDH activity determinations were made on cystic fibrosis children and controls. No significant difference between the two groups appeared.
STINGLESS BEES MOUNT DEFENCE

![][1] For insects that live in colonies, social structure appears to be elevated to an art form. Numerous studies have documented that in insect societies the division of labour is typically based on age, whereby developmental maturation determines a specific job delegation, thus
Crystal structure of (S)-5,7-diphenyl-4,7-di-hydro-tetra-zolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.

In the title mol­ecule, C16H13N5, the plane of the tetra­zole ring forms dihedral angles of 16.37 (7) and 76.59 (7)° with the two phenyl rings. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 68.05 (6)°. The pyrimidine ring is in a flattened boat conformation. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by pairs of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers.
Examining the Behavior, Management Preferences, and Sociodemographics of Artificial Reef Users in the Gulf of Mexico Offshore from Texas

AbstractThis study used a mixed-mode approach (mail and online) to survey licensed private boat owners (26 ft [8 m] and larger) from Texas on the use, choice and management of artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) offshore from Texas. Results showed that reef users (n = 569) had a mean age of 55 years, were mostly white males, and over half of the respondents reported household incomes exceeding US$160,000 annually. The highest percentage of boat owners took one to five trips to the GOM in the last 12 months, enjoyed going to standing rigs and oil production structures, and preferred reefs to be over 30 mi (48.3 km) from shore. Fishing and the presence of fish were important factors for visiting artificial reefs. Boat owners believed artificial reefs bring tourism to local economies, provide new areas in which to recreate, and do not degrade the environment. In managing the reefs, boat owners would like to see more artificial reefs in the GOM and be able to place their own structures offshore in sa...
Ease of message processing as a moderator of repetition effects in advertising.

The study suggests that the effect of repeated advertising exposures on brand evaluations is moderated by the ease with which the advertising message is processed. Increasing exposures enhanced the...
Cognitive Therapy of Depression: Rationale, Techniques, and Efficacy

The author provides an overview of rationale, techniques, mechanisms, and recent findings concerning the efficacy and indications for cognitive therapy.
An analytical approach to designing a thermosiphon cooling system for large scale superconducting magnets

A Thermosiphon cooling scheme is a productive way of cooling large scale superconducting magnets. The absence of active pumping and the availability of the higher heat capacity parameter "latent heat" make this an attractive cooling method. Nevertheless, the design of such a system demands a well-organized study of the effect of various flow parameters, such as, mass flow rates, flow quality, etc., and also a robust mechanical design of the various components of the system. This paper presents an analytical approach to designing a thermosiphon cooling scheme based on homogeneous flow conditions as well as separated flow conditions. The design of the mechanical components such as the piping is also discussed. The design approach presented here has been applied to the reference design of two large superconducting solenoids, the Production Solenoid and the Detector Solenoid of the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab.
When Politicians Attack: Introduction: Singing from the Same Hymnbook

Communications is where it's all at. It's not what you're doing but the perceptions that are so important. – Representative John Boehner (R-OH), speaking on Medicare Reform in 1995 Incumbent Senator Lincoln Chafee (R-RI) entered the 2006 election in a relatively enviable political position. Chafee was the scion of a Rhode Island dynasty that had produced numerous governors and senators, including his father and immediate predecessor in the Senate, John Chafee. After being appointed to complete his deceased father's term in 1999, Chafee captured 57% of the vote in his own right in the 2000 election. Reflecting the same independent streak demonstrated by his father, Chafee repeatedly defied the Republican leadership on key issues, favoring the relatively liberal positions of his constituents over those of the national party. After fending off a right-wing challenger in the 2006 primary election, Chafee seemed well positioned to appeal to moderate voters in his relatively liberal state, with polling showing that more than half of voters thought his positions on the issues were “about right” and nearly two thirds approved of the way he was handling his job as senator. Despite all of those advantages, Chafee lost the election to his Democratic opponent, Sheldon Whitehouse. Chafee's actions in office, as well as his ultimate defeat, present an interesting window into the conduct of modern American politics.
The Portuguese Adventurers (History, Fiction, Reality)

Peoples, nations, and universal humankind experience high moments in their history. For the Portuguese that “hour of glory” lasted a century, beginning in the early 1400s with the rediscovery and settlement of the island of Madeira in the Atlantic Ocean. It ended in the mid-1500s with their landing in Japan, their discovery of the Moluccas or Spice Islands, in what is now Indonesia, and the first exploration of the northern coast of California, as far as Cape Mendocino. On their caravels, galleons and carracks, mere nutshells of ships, the Portuguese swarmed in all directions. Yet, Portugal was then what it still remains, one of the smallest and poorest nations of Europe, though also one of the oldest.
The Digestibility of Protein in Bread

(1900). The Digestibility of Protein in Bread. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 221-234.
Vital signs and their cross-correlation in sepsis and NEC: a study of 1,065 very-low-birth-weight infants in two NICUs.

Subtle changes in vital signs and their interactions occur in preterm infants prior to overt deterioration from late-onset septicemia (LOS) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Optimizing predictive algorithms may lead to earlier treatment. For 1,065 very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants in two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), mean, SD, and cross-correlation of respiratory rate, heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were analyzed hourly (131 infant-years’ data). Cross-correlation (cotrending) between two vital signs was measured allowing a lag of ± 30 s. Cases of LOS and NEC were identified retrospectively (n = 186) and vital sign models were evaluated for ability to predict illness diagnosed in the ensuing 24 h. The best single illness predictor within and between institutions was cross-correlation of HR-SpO2. The best combined model (mean SpO2, SDHR, and cross-correlation of HR-SpO2,) trained at one site with ROC area 0.695 had external ROC area of 0.754 at the other site, and provided additive value to an established HR characteristics index for illness prediction (Net Reclassification Improvement: 0.205; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.113, 0.328). Despite minor inter-institutional differences in vital sign patterns of VLBW infants, cross-correlation of HR-SpO2 and a 3-variable vital sign model performed well at both centers for preclinical detection of sepsis or NEC.
Reading outside the box: exploring critical literacy with Korean preschool children

ABSTRACTDespite the increasing attention paid to the importance of critical literacy in North American early childhood classrooms, critical literacy has been rarely discussed in East Asian classrooms, particularly in South Korea. The present study delineates ways in which a Korean preschool teacher interacts with her young learners during literacy activities to foster multiple perspectives on children's literature and challenge dominant ideologies inherent in text. Using qualitative data from participant observations, video and audio recordings, teacher interviews, and children's artifacts, the study provides the detailed examples of how young Korean children negotiated and constructed their voices through critical literacy activities. The teacher used problem-posing and multimodal approaches as ways to open up critical literacy spaces to facilitate the children's critical engagement with books. This study suggests examining how young children interpret text from varied perspectives has great potential fo...
A Review on the Science and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Biolubricants

Bio-based lubricants have gained prominence over conventional petroleum-based oils, progressively over the last two decades as biolubricants. This trend is observed in almost every industry that has been dependent on lubricants and oils irrespective of their applications. Factors that initiated and fueled this trend vary from stringent government regulations over petroleum-based oils to the high passed depletion of oil reserves. But the most concerning factor that has fast-tracked the need for biolubricants is the toxic and harmful effect of used petroleum oils has on the environment and ecological factors. It is estimated that nearly 50% of all lubricants produced are introduced to the environment which has spurred the interest in biolubricants. This review discusses various types of eco-friendly bio-lubrications that will become a sustainable and economical alternative to the conventional petroleum-based lubricants by being sourced from renewable resources. Biolubricants are seen to be feasible and versatile lubricants with higher lubricity, lower volatility, higher shear stability, higher viscosity index, higher load-carrying capacity, and superior detergency and dispersancy when compared to petroleum-based lubricants. The review also investigates in detail the poor thermal-oxidative stability, biological deterioration, their poor solidification at low temperatures, and hydrolytic instability as well as mechanical and chemical enhancements that seek to rectify these issues. Furthermore, economical and legislative landscape of biolubricants is discussed.
P-014 A Six-Sigma Approach for Decreasing Door To Needle Times In Endovascular Stroke Therapy

Background and purpose Delays in delivering endovascular stroke therapy adversely impact outcomes. Time-sensitive treatments such as stroke interventions benefit from methodically developed protocols. Clearly defined roles in these protocols allow for parallel processing of tasks resulting in consistent delivery of care. The paper presents the outcomes of a quality-improvement (QI) process directed at reducing stroke treatment times in a tertiary level academic medical center. Methods A six-sigma based QI-process was developed over a 3 month period. After an initial analysis, procedures were implemented and fine-tuned to identify and address rate-limiting steps in the endovascular care pathway. Prospectively recorded treatment times were then compared in two groups of patients who were treated “Before” (n = 64) or “After” (n = 30) the QI-process. Three time intervals were measured: ER-arrival to CT-scan (ER-CT), CT-scan to interventional lab (CT-Lab) and Interventional lab arrival to groin puncture (Lab-puncture). The ER-CT time was 40(±29)-minutes in the “Before” and 26(±15)-minutes in the “After” group (p = 0.008). The CT-Lab time was 87(±47)-minutes in the “Before” and 51(±33)-minutes in the “After” group (p = 0.0002). The Lab-puncture time was 24(±11)-minutes in the “Before” and 15(±4)-minutes in the “After” group (p Conclusion A protocol driven process can significantly improve efficiency of care in the time-sensitive stroke interventions. Disclosures A. Rai: 1; C; stryker Neurovascular. 2; C; stryker Neurovascular. M. Smith: None. S. Boo: None. A. Tarabishy: None. G. Hobbs: None. J. Carpenter: None.
Strategies to improve local control of resected pancreas adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Background Only approximately one in ten pancreas cancer patients is a candidate for potentially curative resection of this disease. Even this small fraction of patients has a poor prognosis following pancreatico-duodenectomy. The disease has an anatomic location that makes it difficult for the surgeon to maintain adequate margins of resection and prevent tumor spillage at the time of resection. Also, the disease is biologically aggressive and even with a complete visible resection of the disease, micrometastases are likely to remain behind. Methods A survey of the sites for surgical treatment failure of resected pancreas cancer was performed. Also, the multiple modalities used in an attempt to improve the results of cancer resection are scrutinized. Results The surgical treatment failures are regional in nature and occur at the resection site and on peritoneal surfaces, within the liver, and within the regional lymph nodes. These anatomic sites account for nearly 100% of the initial sites of disease progression. Current hypothesis suggests that micrometastases released from the cancer specimen by the trauma of surgery account for the high incidence of resection site progression and peritoneal metastases. Although surgical trauma may contribute to micrometastases within the liver and lymph nodes, these are most likely present though not detected by preoperative radiologic studies. Adjuvant treatments such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy or combination systemic chemotherapy have not been associated with improved survival. Extended resections such as total pancreatectomy or extended lymphadenectomy have not been associated with benefit. However, resection with a negative margin of excision along with the removal of at least 12 lymph nodes in and around the pancreaticoduodenectomy specimen is associated with superior outcomes. A regional chemotherapy treatment that consists of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with gemcitabine and long-term normothermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (NIPEC-LT) gemcitabine for 6 months postoperatively is suggested as a new treatment that has demonstrated decreases in local-regional failure and promises to more adequately target micrometastases in the peritoneal space, in the liver and lymph nodes. Conclusions Pancreas cancer surgery should attempt to achieve negative margins of resection with the removal of at least 12 lymph nodes. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal gemcitabine can adequately eradicate malignant cells dislodged from the cancer specimen into the bed of the resection at high density and on distant peritoneal surfaces as peritoneal metastases. Long-term intraperitoneal gemcitabine may act on micrometastases in the liver through absorption into the portal vein blood and the lymph nodes as a result of gemcitabine absorption by subperitoneal lymphatic channels. The use of HIPEC and NIPEC-LT gemcitabine may improve local control of resected pancreas cancer.
Pediatric Inpatient Nurses' Perceptions of Child Maltreatment.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of child maltreatment among inpatient pediatric nurses. Design and Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to obtain responses to an online survey designed to examine perceptions of child maltreatment from inpatient pediatric nurses. Results Many nurses surveyed (41.25%) indicated that they had not received adequate training or had never received training on child maltreatment identification and many (40%) also indicated they were not familiar with the applicable reporting laws. Conclusions Due to the serious immediate and long term effects of child maltreatment, it is imperative that pediatric inpatient nurses have adequate training on how to identify potential abuse and neglect cases, as well as legal reporting requirements, since they are in a unique position to identify potential cases of maltreatment. Practice Implications There is a continuing need for training on child maltreatment identification and reporting laws for inpatient pediatric nurses.
Hepatic artery therapies for unresectable colorectal liver metastases: Pooled survival analysis of 968 patients from TACE, yttrium-90, and HAI studies.

747Background: Approximately 140,000 people are newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) annually, while 50,000 will die from the disease. Median survival has increased with use of modern chemotherapy and biologic agents. Sixty percent of advanced CRC patients (pts) present with or develop liver metastases, with additional treatment options such as hepatic artery therapies. However, there is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), Yttrium 90 (Y90) or chemotherapy infusion (HAI). Methods: Pooled survival analysis of 968 pts with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CLRM) treated with hepatic artery therapies, including HAI, Y90 or TACE. A rigorous selection of studies was conducted to ensure exchangeability across studies and adequate comparison of groups. Kaplan Meier survival curves were reconstructed from original publications. Data was further stratified into presence or absence of extra-hepatic disease (EHD). Results: Total of 968 pts with m...
Thermoregulation: Hypothermia and Hyperthermia

A 4 kg infant is taken to the operating room (OR) for hernia repair. This case will involve issues related to thermoregulation and the effect of anesthesia on thermoregulatory physiology. Mechanisms of heat loss during anesthesia and surgery along with the methodologies available to prevent heat loss are reviewed. Adverse effects of hypothermia and hyperthermia are also questioned. Additional questions concerning malignant hyperthermia will explore the major issues related to that clinical entity.
Abstract 629: Differential Expression Of Angiotensin-(1-12)/chymase In Human Atrial Tissue

Proangiotensin-12 [Ang-(1-12)] is a C-terminal extended form of Ang I [Ang I-Leu-Tyr] originally isolated from the rat small intestine. Additional studies showed that while both ACE and chymase cleaved Ang II from Ang-(1-12) in the rat heart, chymase but not ACE metabolized Ang-(1-12) in the human heart. This study characterized the expression of Ang-(1-12)/chymase in human atrial tissue to gain an insight into the potential role of this Ang II-forming substrate in cardiac disease. Left (LA; n=16) and right (RA; n=14) portions of atrial appendages were obtained from humans undergoing heart surgery. Quantitative Ang-(1-12) immunohistochemistry (Image J software) was performed using a high affinity purified antibody directed to the COOH-terminus of the full length of human Ang-(1-12) in all samples (LA: male=13 and female=3; RA: male=9 and female=5). Chymase activity was determined by HPLC in plasma membranes from left (males=7 and females=3) and right atria (males=7 and females=3). Quantitative analysis of Ang-(1-12) expression revealed significantly higher Ang-(1-12) expression in LA (Intensity: 35.37±6.24 units) versus RA (19.38±2.38 units, p=0.03) appendages. Likewise, chymase activity was higher in the LA (52.02±5.20 fmol/mg/min) compared to RA (18.09±3.05, p