cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High trait shame undermines the protective effects of prevalence knowledge on state shame following HPV/CIN diagnosis in women

Human papillomavirus (HPV), and the related, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), are common yet poorly understood physical conditions. The diagnosis of HPV often elicits shame and guilt, which in turn may undermine psychological and physical health. The current study compared shame and guilt responses to diagnosis among two groups: women diagnosed with HPV/CIN and women diagnosed with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV/IM). Eighty women recently diagnosed with HPV/CIN or EBV/IM completed measures of shame- and guilt-proneness, shame and guilt following diagnosis, and disease knowledge including prevalence estimates (HPV and EBV, respectively). HPV/CIN (vs. EBV/IM) predicted more diagnosis-related shame and guilt. Estimates of high prevalence interacted with diagnosis and shame-proneness to predict diagnosis-related shame. Simple slope analyses indicated that in women with HPV/CIN reporting low-to-average shame-proneness, high prevalence estimates reduced diagnosis-related shame; however, women high in shame-proneness experienced high diagnosis-related shame regardless of more accurate prevalence estimates. Women high in shame-proneness appear to be particularly vulnerable to HPV-related shame even when they are aware that it is very common.
Critiquing Statistics in Student and Professional Worlds

ABSTRACTThis article compares students' critiques within a class discussion about an invented statistic to STEM professionals' critiques from interviews to better understand how the situated meanings of a statistic are similar and different across student and professional worlds. We discuss similarities and differences in how participants constructed meaning for the statistic, and argue that disciplinary practices in schooling will always have an approximate, and somewhat indeterminate, relation to the figured worlds of professional practice.
The Influence of Self-Marking With Fluorescent Powders on Adult Bark Beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Under laboratory conditions, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann and Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) adults became self-marked with fluorescent powders upon emergence from treated logs. The technique pro...
RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION OF STRONTIUM BY AMALGAM EXCHANGE

Abstract The radiochemical separation of strontium by an amalgam-exchange technique has been critically evaluated with a saturated aqueous solution of potassium chloride as an exchange medium. With an optimised procedure strontium yields of about 34% were obtained, although mineral acids and alkalies above 0·1M decrease this yield considerably because of decomposition of the amalgam. In studies with tracers of 16 different elements, representative of the Periodic Table, this technique gave considerably better decontamination than does the fuming nitric acid procedure. The simple separation can be carried out in 8 min with no special equipment required, while application of the method to fall-out rain-water samples requires about 40 min. This procedure can also be easily adapted to the preparation of a 90Y-free source of 90Sr.
Utility of open surgical lung biopsy in children

Introduction: Open lung biopsy (OLB) is commonly used to obtain a definitive histological diagnosis in children with respiratory disorders. This allows correct treatment pathways to be followed and also guides discussions surrounding prognosis. Aims: To define the epidemiology of OLB at our large tertiary specialist regional centre. To determine if OLB is useful in obtaining a conclusive diagnosis in a child with complex respiratory disease. Method: Retrospectively, all lung biopsies undertaken in children under 18 years from 2006 to 2016 were reviewed. In total, 179 OLB episodes were identified. Biopsies confirming congenital thoracic malformations or pulmonary metastatic disease were excluded. Results: 42 patients had 44 episodes of OLB in the period studied. A definitive histological diagnosis was reached in 35 (79%) cases. In 9 cases, non-specific changes were reported; therefore the underlying aetiology was not identified. Of the 35 diagnostic cases, 13 were consistent with interstitial lung disease (ILD), 11 confirmed empyema (biopsy routinely sent during decortication surgery), 5 confirmed invasive infections, 4 were diagnostic of immunological /rheumatological disorders and 2 confirmed structural lung disease in cystic fibrosis patients. In total 9 patients died of their underlying disease but there were no deaths directly attributable to OLB surgery. Conclusion: OLB although undertaken rarely, remains a useful investigation in the management of children with respiratory disease. It not only contributes substantially in obtaining a definitive diagnosis, allowing targeted treatment but also provides valuable prognostic information so families are clear on the likely progress of the disease and can plan for palliation where appropriate.
Effects of Multipath Electrical Stimulation on the Functional Recovery of Early Stage Patients of Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: This research was intended to investigate the influence to function recovery at the early stage after surgery, by conducting Multipath Electrical Simulation and isometric exercise treatment as early stage medical treatment method for Total knee arthroplasty patients. METHODS: The subject of...
How Individuals Weigh Their Previous Estimates to Make a New Estimate in the Presence or Absence of Social Influence

Individuals make decisions every day. How they come up with estimates to guide their decisions could be a result of a combination of different information sources such as individual beliefs and previous knowledge, random guesses, and social cues. This study aims to sort out individual estimate assessments over multiple times with the main focus on how individuals weigh their own beliefs vs. those of others in forming their future estimates. Using dynamics modeling, we build on data from an experiment conducted by Lorenz et al. [1] where 144 subjects made five estimates for six factual questions in an isolated manner (no interaction allowed between subjects). We model the dynamic mechanisms of changing estimates for two different scenarios: 1) when individuals are not exposed to any information and 2) when they are under social influence.
Abdominal pathways and central origin of rat vagal fibers that stimulate gastric acid.

The brainstem location and peripheral course of the vagal preganglionic fibers that stimulate gastric acid secretion were identified using electrical stimulation combined with retrograde (True Blue; Dr. K. G. Illing, Gross Umstadt, Germany) and anterograde (Dil; Molecular Probes) fluorescent neural tracers in rats with various selective vagotomies. Animals with only one or both gastric branch(es) spared had normal, large gastric acid responses to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral cervical vagus and showed an abundance of Dil—labeled vagal fibers and terminals in the gastric myenteric plexus. Rats with only the unpaired hepatic branch spared had a much smaller but significant gastric acid response and a few labeled vagal profiles in the antral region of the stomach. In contrast, rats with only one or both celiac branch(es) intact had neither a gastric acid response, nor evidence for Dil transport to the stomach. Retrograde transport of True Blue through the spared vagal axons to the brainstem indicated that the cell bodies of the preganglionics that send their axons through the acid-positive gastric and hepatic branches occupy the medial longitudinal columnar subnuclei of the dorsal motor nucleus. It is concluded that besides the long-recognized gastric branches, which are the major access route to the parietal cells, the hepatic branch contains a small number of fibers that most likely reach the antrum through the right gastroepiploic artery along the greater curvature and/or the right gastric artery.
Process Ethics and the Political Question

Two questions will be discussed in this paper: (1) can ethics be found on a certain manner of process, the kind of decision making, rather than the content or conclusions?; and (2) does our personal decision-making process merely reflect social and political control? Or can more arise from the individual than what society has built into the body?
Florida's Summer Program: Choice of 125,000 Children

(1953). Florida's Summer Program. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 9, pp. 8-9.
Experience with Portable Ultrasound Equipment and Measurement of Urine Volumes: Inter-User Reliability and Factors of Patient Position

AbstractA portable ultrasound unit has been developed that provides a noninvasive technique to measure urine volume. We assessed the effect of patient position on the accuracy of measurements as well as inter-user reliability and user training. There were 63 ultrasound measurements of urine volume made by a trained and an inexperienced examiner, and the values were compared to true volumes obtained by catheterization in 16 adults with a neurogenic bladder. Subjects were tested in the seated and supine positions. Correlation for ultrasound volumes between the trained and inexperienced examiners was highly significant. Accuracy and precision of the ultrasound measurements were not affected by patient position. Thus, little training is necessary to use this instrument, interuser reliability is good, and accuracy and precision are clinically acceptable whether patients are in the seated or supine positions. (J. Urol., 142: 969–971, 1989)
On Integration of Model Predictive Control with Safety System: Preventing Thermal Runaway

Abstract In this paper, the methyl isocyanate (MIC) hydrolysis reaction in a CSTR is used as an example to demonstrate the performance of a Lyapunov-based model predictive control (LMPC) system integrated with the activation of a safety system. Initially, in the presence of small disturbances, it is demonstrated that the closed-loop system state under LMPC is able to stay close to the operating steady-state and within the stability region. However, in the presence of a significant disturbance in the feed, the control system cannot maintain the closed-loop state inside the stability region, and thus, it has to be integrated with the reactor safety system to avoid thermal runaway.
Differences in Receipt of Alcohol-Related Care Across Rurality Among VA Patients Living With HIV With Unhealthy Alcohol Use.

PURPOSE: It is unknown whether receipt of evidence‐based alcohol‐related care varies by rurality among people living with HIV (PLWH) with unhealthy alcohol use—a population for whom such care is particularly important. METHODS: All positive screens for unhealthy alcohol use (AUDIT‐C ≥ 5) among PLWH were identified using Veterans Health Administration electronic health record data (10/1/09–5/30/13). Three domains of alcohol‐related care were assessed: brief intervention (BI) within 14 days, and specialty addictions treatment or alcohol use disorder (AUD) medications (filled prescription for naltrexone, disulfiram, acamprosate, or topiramate) within 1 year of positive screen. Adjusted Poisson models and recycled predictions were used to estimate predicted prevalence of outcomes across rurality (urban, large rural, small rural), clustered on facility. Secondary analyses assessed outcomes in the subsample with documented AUD. FINDINGS: 4,581 positive screens representing 3,458 PLWH (3,112 urban, 130 large rural, and 216 small rural) were included; 49.1% had diagnosed AUD. PLWH in large rural areas had highest receipt of BI (urban 56.6%, 95% CI: 55.0‐58.2; large rural 66.0%, CI: 58.6‐73.5; small rural 60.7%, CI: 54.6‐67.0). PLWH in urban areas had highest receipt of specialty addictions treatment (urban 28.2%, CI: 26.7‐29.8; large rural 19.7%, CI: 13.1‐26.2; small rural 19.6%, CI: 14.1‐25.0). There was no difference in receipt of AUD medications, although overall receipt was low (3%‐4%). Results were similar in the subsample with AUD. CONCLUSION: Among PLWH with unhealthy alcohol use, those in rural areas may be vulnerable to under‐receipt of specialty addictions treatment. Targeted interventions may help ensure PLWH receive recommended care regardless of rurality.
A quantitative assessment of the NCHRP 611 method for soil-structure interaction analysis of buried circular structures & a proposed improvement

The recent National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 611 titled “Seismic Analysis and Design of Retaining Walls, Buried Structures, Slopes, and Embankments” has been widely adopted as a guideline in the analysis design of buried/embedded structures due to its computational simplicity and broadly accepted accuracy for simple soil-structure configurations. However, the method is not without shortcomings. In particular, the NCHRP method is not sensitive to the inherently broadband frequency content of seismic input excitations, soil heterogeneities, and potential kinematic interaction effects. The present study seeks to quantitatively assess the brackets of the validity of the NCHRP 611 method—specifically, for soil-structure analyses of buried circular structures, and offers an improvement that is simple to implement. This is achieved through parametric studies using detailed nonlinear finite element simulations involving a broad range of ground motions, and soil and structural properties. The simulations are carried out with models that are parametric variations of a model that has been validated in a prior centrifuge testing program on embedded structures. A refined version of the NCHRP 611 method, which uses maximum shear strains obtained through one-dimensional site response analyses, is shown to produce fairly accurate results for nearly all of the different cases considered in the parametric studies. The basic version of the method, however, which is based on rough estimates of maximum shear strain and effective soil modulus, is observed to be highly inaccurate.
The ecosystem service of property protection and exposure to environmental stressors in the Gulf of Mexico.

Abstract Environmental stressors such as sea-level rise, erosion, and increased storm frequency and intensity are exposing coastal properties to greater amounts of damage. Coastal habitats like beaches, dunes, seagrasses, and wetlands can help reduce exposure and property damage. Using InVEST's Coastal Vulnerability Model, an exposure index value was calculated for every 250 m2 segment along the coastline in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties in Florida, USA. Nineteen sea level-by-habitat management scenarios were evaluated for a suite of shoreline segments across multiple exposures that can be used to inform local decision making as part of larger strategies for coastal management. Overall, a rise in sea level and degradation of coastal habitats could decrease the number of lower exposed shoreline segments and increase the number of higher exposed shoreline segments. These results were used to identify changes in the amount of potential residential property damage among different scenarios. Under high sea levels, additional protection to coastal habitats could reduce the amount of residential property damage resulting from one tropical cyclone event by $50.4 million (2018 US dollars (USD)) (by the year 2050) and by $71.8 million (2018 USD) (by the year 2100) in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties. This research demonstrates the effects that habitat type/abundance and sea-level rise could have on vulnerable coastlines. The results of the modeled scenarios can be incorporated into several recent community resiliency planning initiatives in the region to develop more robust management plans and preparations for a changing environment.
The Aamu of Shu in the Tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan

This paper addresses the well- known scene of “Asiatics” in the tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan (tomb BH 3), which an associated inscription dates to Year 6 of Senusret II (ca. 1897–1878 bce). Many scholars have studied this scene and come to a variety of conclusions about the original home of the foreigners represented and the specific reason for their apparent visit to Egypt. These various theories are discussed and evaluated herein through a detailed review of the scene’s individual elements, along with its accompanying inscriptions. Attention is also paid to the additional levels of meaning embedded in the scene, in which the foreigners function as symbols of controlled and pacified denizens of the chaotic realm that constantly surrounds and threatens the ordered world of the Egyptians. The symbolic levels at which the scene functions within its ritually charged setting neither conflict with nor detract om its historic value, but rather complement and enhance the inherent richness and complexity of the concepts that underlay its creation. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v01i3_kamrin
The effect of low predicted/calculated postoperative keratometry on corrected distance visual acuity after LASIK.

Purpose To compare refractive outcomes of eyes with flat keratometry (K) to matched controls after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Setting Boston Eye Group, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA. Design Retrospective review. Methods Eyes that had LASIK between December 2008 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and matched based on calculated postoperative flat K values. Stratified candidate subgroups (K Results The study comprised 160 eyes (80 candidates and 80 controls). Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between candidates and controls in preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (P = .150) or postoperative CDVA (P = .290). There were no significant differences in the amount of tissue ablated between all candidate and control subgroups. Similarly, there was no significant change between preoperative and postoperative CDVA between the different candidate and respective subgroups. Three (3.75%) of 80 candidate eyes versus zero control eyes lost 1+ lines of CDVA after surgery. There was no difference in CDVA lost between these groups (P = .2453). Conclusion There is no increased risk for loss of CDVA after LASIK attributable to flat K.
Geriatric assessment (GA) predictors of 1y mortality in older adults with gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies: Results from the CARE study.

12047Background: Chronologic age is an imperfect predictor of morbidity and mortality in older patients with newly-diagnosed GI malignancies. Identifying patients with GI malignancies that are at i...
Disseminated Neospora caninum infection in a dog with severe colitis

A 12-y-old spayed female Schipperke dog with a previous diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was presented with a 2-mo history of severe colitis. The patient's condition progressed to hepatopathy, pneumonia, and dermatitis following management with prednisolone and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Colonic biopsies identified severe necrosuppurative colitis with free and intracellular parasitic zoites. Postmortem examination confirmed extensive chronic-active ulcerative colitis, severe acute necrotizing hepatitis and splenitis, interstitial pneumonia, ulcerative dermatitis, myelitis (bone marrow), and mild meningoencephalitis with variable numbers of intracellular and extracellular protozoal zoites. PCR on samples of fresh colon was positive for Neospora caninum. Immunohistochemistry identified N. caninum tachyzoites in sections of colon, and a single tissue cyst in sections of brain. Administration of immunosuppressive drugs may have allowed systemic dissemination of Neospora from the intestinal tract.
Andrés Pérez-Simón, Baroque Lorca: An Archaist Playwright for the New Stage

Following a major trend in Lorca studies, Baroque Lorca studies the Spanish dramatist’s work in relation to its original audience, emphasizing how he shaped his work to adjust to the challenges of ...
Treatment Practices and Outcomes in Continuous Spike and Wave during Slow Wave Sleep: A Multicenter Collaboration.

Objectives To determine how continuous spike and wave during slow wave sleep (CSWS) is currently managed and to compare the effectiveness of current treatment strategies using a database from 11 pediatric epilepsy centers in the US. Study design This retrospective study gathered information on baseline clinical characteristics, CSWS etiology, and treatment(s) in consecutive patients seen between 2014 and 2016 at 11 epilepsy referral centers. Treatments were categorized as benzodiazepines, steroids, other antiseizure medications (ASMs), or other therapies. Two measures of treatment response (clinical improvement as noted by the treating physician; and electroencephalography improvement) were compared across therapies, controlling for baseline variables. Results Eighty-one children underwent 153 treatment trials during the study period (68 trials of benzodiazepines, 25 of steroids, 45 of ASMs, 14 of other therapies). Children most frequently received benzodiazepines (62%) or ASMs (27%) as first line therapy. Treatment choice did not differ based on baseline clinical variables, nor did these variables correlate with outcome. After adjusting for baseline variables, children had a greater odds of clinical improvement with benzodiazepines (OR 3.32, 95%CI 1.57-7.04, P = .002) or steroids (OR 4.04, 95%CI 1.41-11.59, P = .01) than with ASMs and a greater odds of electroencephalography improvement after steroids (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.09-10.33, P = .03) than after ASMs. Conclusions Benzodiazepines and ASMs are the most frequent initial therapy prescribed for CSWS in the US. Our data suggests that ASMs are inferior to benzodiazepines and steroids and support earlier use of these therapies. Multicenter prospective studies that rigorously assess treatment protocols and outcomes are needed.
Cognitive Profile and Markers of Alzheimer Disease-Type Pathology in Patients With Lewy Body Dementias.

Objective To determine whether patients with Lewy body dementia (LBD) with likely Alzheimer disease (AD)–type copathology are more impaired on confrontation naming than those without likely AD-type copathology. Methods We selected 57 patients with LBD (dementia with Lewy bodies [DLB], n = 38; Parkinson disease dementia [PDD], n = 19) with available AD CSF biomarkers and neuropsychological data. CSF β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and total-tau (t-tau) concentrations were measured. We used an autopsy-validated CSF cut point (t-tau:Aβ42 ratio > 0.3, n = 43), or autopsy data when available (n = 14), to categorize patients as having LBD with (LBD + AD, n = 26) and without (LBD − AD, n = 31) likely AD-type copathology. Analysis of covariance tested between-group comparisons across biologically defined groups (LBD + AD, LBD − AD) and clinical phenotypes (DLB, PDD) on confrontation naming (30-item Boston Naming Test [BNT]), executive abilities (letter fluency [LF], reverse digit span [RDS]), and global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]), with adjustment for age at dementia onset, time from dementia onset to test date, and time from CSF to test date. Spearman correlation related cognitive performance to CSF analytes. Results Patients with LBD + AD performed worse on BNT than patients with LBD − AD (F = 4.80, p = 0.03); both groups performed similarly on LF, RDS, and MMSE (all p > 0.1). Clinically defined PDD and DLB groups did not differ in performance on any of these measures (all p > 0.05). A correlation across all patients showed that BNT score was negatively associated with CSF t-tau (ρ = −0.28, p 0.1). Conclusion Markers of AD-type copathology are implicated in impaired language performance in LBD. Biologically based classification of LBD may be advantageous over clinically defined syndromes to elucidate clinical heterogeneity.
Strategies for iPSC expansion: from feeder cells to laminin

Abstract Establishment of expansion systems that are synthetic, defined, and stable will help accelerate the translation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This chapter describes strategies to eliminate feeder cell layer systems for PSC expansion based on studies in cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and recent developments in PSC technologies. We survey the literature describing laminin (both laminin-511 and laminin-521) as a feeder-free culture substrate for hPSC expansion. We describe our group’s findings that the use of laminin for bioreactor-based large-scale expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is user-friendly, reproducible, and can be scaled-up. Toward the development of a tunable, xeno-free, coating solution that preserves pluripotency, we posit that laminin-based strategies for large-scale expansion of hPSCs will be critical for the optimization of basic research applications and ultimately for the realization of the therapeutic promise of these cells.
Understanding deep learning decision for satellite image classification

This paper present class activation mapping in conjunction with transfer learning to investigate and explain the predictions of a deep learning based satellite image classification. Deep learning based classifiers offer no way of gauging what a network has learned or which part of an input to the network was responsible for the prediction of the network. When these models fail and give incorrect predictions, they often fail spectacularly without any warning or explanation. The presented class activation mapping (CAM) technique can address this issue and provide the visual explanations of the predictions of convolutional neural networks. In addition, the proposed method can also reveal what specific part of an input image can confuse the network resulting an incorrect prediction. The proposed approach employing transfer learning using ImageNet pretrained models is implemented on the xView dataset. The experimental results are very promising and provide an insight into the satellite based image classification.
Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial β-glucuronidases (Gus) is affected by sampling, enzyme preparation, buffer ph, and species

Glucuronides hydrolysis by intestinal microbial β-Glucuronidases (GUS) is an important procedure for many endogenous and exogenous compounds. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of experimental conditions on glucuronide hydrolysis by intestinal microbial GUS. Standard probe 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) and a natural glucuronide wogonoside were used as the model compounds. Feces collection time, buffer conditions, interindividual, and species variations were evaluated by incubating the substrates with enzymes. The relative reaction activity of pNPG, reaction rates, and reaction kinetics for wogonoside were calculated. Fresh feces showed the highest hydrolysis activities. Sonication increased total protein yield during enzyme preparation. The pH of the reaction system increased the activity in 0.69–1.32-fold, 2.9–12.9-fold, and 0.28–1.56-fold for mouse, rat, and human at three different concentrations of wogonoside, respectively. The Vmax for wogonoside hydrolysis was 2.37 ± 0.06, 4.48 ± 0.11, and 5.17 ± 0.16 μmol/min/mg and Km was 6.51 ± 0.71, 3.04 ± 0.34, and 0.34 ± 0.047 μM for mouse, rat, and human, respectively. The inter-individual difference was significant (4–6-fold) using inbred rats as the model animal. Fresh feces should be used to avoid activity loss and sonication should be utilized in enzyme preparation to increase hydrolysis activity. The buffer pH should be appropriate according to the species. Inter-individual and species variations were significant.
An Analysis of Chaadaev’s Major Ideas

Too many writers have tried to see more in Chaadaev’s work than is actually there.1 Peter Chaadaev was simply a religious, social, and cultural utopian thinker. He had an idee fixe. It was the realization of the “kingdom of God” on earth, the eventual integration of philosophy and religion and then of all mankind into one universal, Christian social and cultural system. His “kingdom of God” was not in the next world but in this one. It did not lie beyond but in history. But though Chaadaev was a utopian, he was not a mystic.2 He continually emphasized the importance of establishing proper material conditions in society, in order for men to progress towards this goal. A Romantic fascination with Western-European culture, particularly that ofthe Middle Ages, led him to an admiration of what he thought to be the historical influence of the Roman Church upon Christian culture. However, he was in no sense wholly satisfied with any of the Christian churches. His “social system” or “church,” as he called it, was to be one of the future, a truly universal organization capable of uniting all mankind. From these convictions flowed all his interpretations of the meaning of history. History to Chaadaev, is not the narration of the battles and reigns of kings, nor is it a chronicle of all that happened in the past. True history is the result of the meditations of philosopher-historians upon the religious and cultural implications behind the overt events of the past. The historian must not only describe, he must also evaluate.
Epidemiological Studies on Health Effects of Electromagnetic Fields

For nearly 20 years research on the mechanisms of interaction and human health effects of electromagnetic fields has been focused on understanding the biological basis for the possible association between exposure to power-frequency (50/60 Hz) fields and an increased risk of cancer. Other potential effects of exposure to these fields such as adverse reproductive outcomes and nervous system disorders have also been studied. However, the primary motivation for increased research on the health effects of electromagnetic fields has been numerous published reports of an association between exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields and an elevated risk of childhood cancer, primarily leukemia, and various cancers among workers in electrical occupations, primarily leukemia and brain tumors. This paper summarizes the evidence obtained from epidemiological research on a possible relationship between low-level exposures to 50/60-Hz fields and the risk of cancer. Epidemiological studies on exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields and cancer risk are also briefly discussed.
Data-Mining Concepts

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Data-Mining Roots Data-Mining Process Large Data Sets Data Warehouses for Data Mining Business Aspects of Data Mining: Why a Data-Mining Project Fails Organization of This Book Review Questions and Problems References for Further Study ]]>
Channel estimation for multicarrier CDMA

Multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) is a flexible and adaptable radio interface to provide dynamically changing bit rates and a variety of services on radio channels. An accurate channel estimate allows the use of multiuser detection and power loading to improve system performance. A blind linear multiuser channel estimator for MC-CDMA is proposed. Unlike the time varying spreading code or information bearing sequence, the channel is stationary over long time intervals. This fact is exploited in a new method for simultaneous estimation of the channel impulse response vector of multiple users. The complexity of the derived channel estimator can be reduced at the expense of accuracy. It is shown by computer simulation that the proposed method performs well under different scenarios.
Final optics for laser-driven inertial fusion reactors

A promising concept for the final optics of a baseline laser-driven ICF (inertial confinement fusion) reactor is described. It addresses the problem of long-term survival of the final optics with respect to neutron damage. The use of refractive optics is considered. A baseline design consists of two wedges of fused silica, which put a dogleg into the beam and thus remove optics further upstream from direct sight of the reactor. If the closest optic were located 40 m from the center of a 3-GWt reactor, it would be subject to an average 14-MeV neutron flux of approximately=5*10/sup 12/ n/s-cm/sup 2/ with a peak flux of approximately=6*10/sup 18/ n/s-cm/sup 2/. A major question to be answered is: What duration of reactor operation can this optic withstand? To answer this question, the literature bearing on radiation-induced optical damage in fused silica was reviewed to assess its implications for reactor operation with the baseline final optics scheme. It appears possible to continuously anneal the neutron damage in the silica by keeping the wedge at a modestly elevated temperature. The literature review indicates that the proposed final optic material-fused silica-is structurally resistant to radiation damage and that if operated at a temperature of about 300 degrees C will remain optically clear. >
On the missing equation: Comment

Abstract Canto and Miles (CM) present and analyze graphically “a third, alternative method for closing the IS-LM system of equations”—the ‘wedge model’. According to CM, “the result is a more general set of results” and “the two traditional alternatives are only special cases.” The CM model, however, is logically inconsistent. Because CM implicitly assume simultaneous capital market equilibrium and disequilibrium, CM's assumptions are mutually inconsistent. Thus, none of the reported results logically follow. Furthermore, the CM model is not very general. This paper proves analytically that GNP is determined without the IS and LM equations both in the CM model and in the obvious logical patchups of the CM model. Therefore, for example, in the CM model exogenous changes in business-fixed investment or consumption have no predicted effect on national income.
A More Precise Analysis of Punctuation for Broad-Coverage Surface Realization with CCG

This paper describes a more precise analysis of punctuation for a bi-directional, broad coverage English grammar extracted from the CCGbank (Hockenmaier and Steedman, 2007). We discuss various approaches which have been proposed in the literature to constrain overgeneration with punctuation, and illustrate how aspects of Briscoe's (1994) influential approach, which relies on syntactic features to constrain the appearance of balanced and unbalanced commas and dashes to appropriate sentential contexts, is unattractive for CCG. As an interim solution to constrain overgeneration, we propose a rule-based filter which bars illicit sequences of punctuation and cases of improperly unbalanced apposition. Using the OpenCCG toolkit, we demonstrate that our punctuation-augmented grammar yields substantial increases in surface realization coverage and quality, helping to achieve state-of-the-art BLEU scores.
A Practical Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Clinical Simulation Experiences in Prelicensure Nursing Education

Abstract Clinical simulation is used with increasing frequency in prelicensure nursing education curricula. Nurse educators intuitively sense that the simulation experience is a powerful student learning strategy, yet much of the published nursing research is limited to student self-report data about affective variables such as self-confidence and satisfaction. With increased use of simulation, there is a corresponding need to measure the impact and effectiveness of this teaching and learning strategy on fulfillment of stated student learning outcomes at both the course and the program level. This article presents a framework for assessing the impact of clinical simulation experiences using Astin's (1991) input–environment–outcome assessment model. Approaches to the measurement of key input, environmental, and outcome indicators are described, and an organizing structure for measuring learner performance is proposed.
Prediction of bending rupture strength of non-linear materials with different behavior in tension and compression

Abstract Many materials have quite different stress-strain relations in tension and compression. Examples include such diverse materials as rock, cast iron, concrete, tire cord-rubber and soft biological tissues. It is shown by analysis in this paper that DBTC (different behavior in tension and compression) has a profound effect on the flexural strength as predicted by application of fundamental continuum mechanics relations. The theory is applied to a non-linear material model which is shown to be applicable to two widely different materials: concrete, which has more strength degradation in tension than in compression, and steel cord-rubber, which has strength which is enhanced in tension by cord strengthening and degraded in compression by cord microbuckling.
Cyclotron production of 101mRh via proton-induced reactions on 103Rh targets

Abstract Targetry and a radiochemical process are reported for the production of no-carrier-added (NCA) 101mRh for use in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. Proton-induced reactions on 103Rh targets were studied in order to evaluate the 103Rh(p,3n)101Pd→101mRh reaction as a source of high radionuclidic purity 101mRh. Cross sections (mb) and thin-target yields (mCi/μAh) for 101mRh, 101Rh, 100Rh, 101Pd, and 100Pd were measured at end-of-bombardment (EOB). The theoretical 101mRh cumulative yield from its 101Pd parent, at 32.7 h post EOB, was calculated as 4.71 ± 0.61 mCi/μAh, in the 67-to 15-MeV energy region. However, due to the production of the 20.8-h 100Rh, from its parent 3.63-d 100Pd, in the same energy region, a long decay time (> 170 h) is required to increase the radionuclidic purity of 101mRh to greater than 99%. The “effective” 101mRh yield is then reduced (to 1.0 mCi/μAh for a 4-h radiochemistry) due to decay losses. A radiochemical process used to prepare no-carrier-added (NCA) 101mRh is also explained, with emphasis on its effect on 101mRh yields.
The unipolar world: Theory, images, and Canada's foreign policy priorities

Since the demise of the Soviet Union, unipolarity has been widely discussed by many, including influential scholars, in Canada, the United States, and elsewhere, as a general operational concept describing the international system in its many theoretical colours. Scholars as widely diverse as Kenneth Waltz and Noam Chomsky have used the concept of unipolarity in analysis, and their treatment has been generally respected in certain (and also very diverse) circles. This article examines some of the better known theories addressing polarity-related issues in international affairs, and assesses whether such a hypothetical construct could be used in determining Canada's foreign policy priorities. The article concentrates on methods and processes used in scholarship describing empirical realities of complex systems, such as the international system or strategic rivalry. It outlines a paradox that exists between the hypothesis of ‘unipolarity’ and theoretical reasoning on one hand, and between perceptions and re...
Reducing Energy Use: A Dual-Channel Link

Data rates and energy consumption of communication links continue to increase. We propose a new method for reducing communications energy demands by bonding two channels of different data rates to act as a single point-to-point link. In the proposed Dual-Channel, Single-Link (DCSL) system, the high-speed channel sleeps during periods of low utilization thus producing energy savings. We consider the DCSL concept at the link and application layers, develop a cost model for DCSL and evaluate the performance of a 1-10 Gb/s DCSL using a 10 Gb/s Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) channel via simulation. The ability to trade-off performance and energy selectively is demonstrated using Poisson and self-similar bursty synthetic traffic. Results indicate that 1-10 Gb/s DCSL can lead to reductions in energy consumption and packet delay.
Use of ratios in leaf tissues to determine effects of petroleum on salt exclusion in marine halophytes

Abstract The relationship between sediment hydrocarbon concentration and leaf Na K ratios has been examined in two marine halophytes, Rhizophora mangle and Spartina alterniflora. The plants examined were exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons in the field. Elevated Na K ratios were observed in the leaves of both species of halophytes. The degree of elevation of the Na K ratios was related to the concentration and state of weathering of petroleum in the sediments in which the plants were growing. The mechanism of damage appears to be similar in both species. Elevated Na K ratios appear to result from damage to root membranes.
Preparation of Active and Stable Biocatalytic Hydrogels for Use in Selective Transformations

Highly active and stable biocatalytic materials were produced by copolymerizing enzymes with vinyl sugar monomers. These materials display very high activity in organic solvents and are active and ...
Mathematical Software in Basic Dint: Data Integration

With this software package, a PC, and a modest grasp of Basic, users can perform and plot integrals over experimental data.
THE BRADFORD DISTRIBUTION

The distribution of references in a collection of pertinent source documents can be described and predicted by the relation where the parameter s is related to the subject field and the completeness of the collection. The model is used to predict the reference yield of abstracting journals in a search for thermophysical property data. It is used also to explain differences among various literature studies of the past in terms of differences in subject and comprehensiveness of search. The model is derived from S. C. Bradford's ‘law of scattering’ and is called the Bradford Distribution.
Silence breakers in group counseling

Abstract The silence that occurs during group counseling may or may not be therapeutic. Silence breaker interventions are needed when judged by the group leader to be nonproductive. This article contains examples of how to prevent or stop nontherapeutic silences.
Extraction and fractionation of RNA and DNA from single cells using selective lysing and isotachophoresis

Single cell analyses of RNA and DNA are crucial to understanding the heterogeneity of cell populations. The numbers of approaches to single cells analyses are expanding, but sequence specific measurements of nucleic acids have been mostly limited to studies of either DNA or RNA, and not both. This remains a challenge as RNA and DNA have very similar physical and biochemical properties, and cross-contamination with each other can introduce false positive results. We present an electrokinetic technique which creates the opportunity to fractionate and deliver cytoplasmic RNA and genomic DNA to independent downstream analyses. Our technique uses an on-chip system that enables selective lysing of cytoplasmic membrane, extraction of RNA (away from genomic DNA and nucleus), focusing, absolute quantification of cytoplasmic RNA mass. The absolute RNA mass quantification is performed using fluorescence observation without enzymatic amplification in < 5 min. The cell nucleus is left intact and the relative genomic DNA amount in the nucleus can be measured. We demonstrate the technique using single mouse B lymphocyte cells, for which we extracted an average of 14.1 pg total cytoplasmic RNA per cell. We also demonstrate correlation analysis between the absolute amount of cytoplasmic RNA and relative amount of genomic DNA, showing heterogeneity associated with cell cycle.
On cost of static linking and loading of subprograms

The purpose of this paper is to report some data concerning cost in CPU processing due to loading programs. The data was collected on a PDP-10, using modifications made by the linking loader to the prologue generated for FORTRAN complied programs, by the addition of one UUO (a programmed operation similar to an SVC on IBM 360/370), and several cells in the monitor used as counters. The data covers the number of programs loaded and the CPU ms expended loading them. This data is broken down between programs that were loaded and never entered and programs loaded and eventually executed. It is further classified according to periods of heavy use for program development and periods of heavy production use.
Cytochrome c release is required for phosphatidylserine peroxidation during Fas-triggered apoptosis in lung epithelial A549 cells.

Oxidation of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) has been shown to play a pivotal role in signaling during cell apoptosis and subsequent recognition of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. However, the redox catalytic mechanisms involved in selective PtdSer oxidation during apoptosis remain poorly understood. here we employed anti-Fas antibody CH-11-treated A549 cells as a physiologically relevant model to investigate the involvement of PtdSer oxidation and its potential mechanism during apoptosis. We demonstrated that ligation of CH-11 with its cognate receptor initiated execution of apoptotic program in interferon gamma-pretreated A549 cells as evidenced by activation of caspase and DNA fragmentation. A significant increase of cytochrome c (cyt c) content in the cytosol as early as 2 h after CH-11 exposure was detected indicating that Fas-induced apoptosis in A549 cells proceeds via extrinsic type II pathway and includes mitochondrial signaling. PtdSer was selectively oxidized 3 h after anti-Fas triggering while two more abundant phospholipids—phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn)—and the major intracellular antioxidant, glutathione, remained nonoxidized. A pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD, fully blocked cyt c release and oxidation of PtdSer in Fas-treated A549 cells. On the other hand, z-DQMD, a caspase-3 inhibitor, completely inhibited caspase-3 activity but did not fully block caspase-8 activation and release of cyt c. Importantly, z-DQMD failed to protect PtdSer from oxidation. In addition, in a model system, we demonstrated that peroxidase activity of cyt c was greatly enhanced in the presence of dioleoylphosphatidylserine containing liposomes by monitoring oxidation of 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein to 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein. We further showed that peroxidase activity of cyt c catalyzed oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-3-glycero-phosphoserine using a newly developed HPLC assay. MS analysis of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-3-glycero-phosphoserine revealed that in addition to its mono- and dihydroperoxides, several different PtdSer oxidation products can be formed. Overall, we concluded that cyt c acts as a catalyst of PtdSer oxidation during Fas-triggered A549 cell apoptosis.
Perfectly conducting flow past an insulator

Pour illustrer les effets d'un champ magnetique sur un ecoulement plan stationnaire d'un fluide non visqueux ideal, parfaitement conducteur de l'electricite, on envisage ici les cas particuliers ou le champ magnetique a une composante differente de zero. On utilise l'analyse lineaire pour etudier les faibles perturbations d'un ecoulement initialement uniforme.
Anthocyanins of holly fruits

Abstract Anthocyanin distribution in the fruits of Ilex closely followed an accepted taxonomic classification. Within the evergreen subgenus Aquifolium, species belonging to section Lioprinus produced only cyanidin pigments while in section Aquifolium, pelargonidin was the major anthocyanin. Likewise, in the deciduous subgenus Prinos, species of section Prinoides contained cyanidin pigments and those of section Euprinus had pelargonidin compounds. Exceptions to this pattern and the bearing of pigment studies on breeding are discussed.
Positivity conditions for polynomials

We study several notions of positivity for a class of real-valued functions of several variables that includes the Laurent polynomials. We show that Handelman's positivity condition is characterized by boundedness of the associated Legendre transformation, or boundedness of the entropy function, while another notion of positivity here introduced characterizes the mapping property of the Legendre transformation derived by Marcus and Tuncel for beta functions. Several examples are given to distinguish the various notions of positivity.