cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NICOTINIC CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS LABELED WITH (3H)ACETYLCHOLINE IN BRAIN: CHARACTERIZATION, LOCALIZATION AND IN VIVO REGULATION

There is evidence from behavioral (21), electrophysiological (15) and pharmacological (23) studies that mammalian brain contains a type of nicotinic cholinergic receptor.(nAChR). The utility of alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) for labeling and measuring nAChR in electroplax, skeletal muscle, and certain peripheral neuronal tissues has encouraged similar investigations in the mammalian central nervous system. Although α-BTX binding sites in brain have been extensively characterized in vitro (for review, see 20), the relationship between these binding sites and nAChR is unclear since nicotinic cholinergic drugs are relatively weak competitors for the α-BTX binding sites (16, 24, 30) and the toxin does not appear to block cholinergic function in various neuronal tissues (6, 18).
Emerging Market Pharmaceutical Supply: A Prescription for Sharing the Benefits of Global Information Flow

New information technologies enable individuals in disparate locations to conduct cutting-edge research, to move that research into the development and testing of new medicines, to manufacture high-quality products, and to move those products to patients around the world. Conceptually, the world pharmaceuticals supply market may become increasingly competitive at all stages: basic research, product development, manufacturing and distribution. The diffusion of technological competence to major developing country actors in the pharmaceutical sector, such as India and China, as well as to more specialized actors such as Bangladesh (manufacturing) and Singapore (research), could result in a significant expansion of the pool of products available to treat disease, as well as more affordable prices to consumers.This chapter argues that the emergence of wider competition in the quest for new products, the development of those products, and the improvement of production technologies and distribution to patients/end users are strongly in the welfare interest of the global public. It further argues that emerging market countries are not yet at the stage in which the application of competition law will adequately promote and protect domestic pharmaceutical companies. It recommends that emerging market countries adopt industrial policies designed to promote and protect their infant pharmaceutical supply sectors. It recognizes that the United States, among other OECD countries, significantly subsidizes and otherwise protects its pharmaceutical industry and that emerging market countries cannot realistically compete with the advantages presently held by OECD industries without adopting and implementing their own industrial policy measures.
Abstract TMP105: High Utilization Of CAS Procedures Among The Elderly In The Post Crest Era

Background: An important interaction of age with outcome was revealed in Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial (CREST) where elderly patients ≥70 years had worse outcomes w...
How Do We Define the Genomic Landscape

High throughput sequencing is a revolutionary technology for the definition of the genomic features of tumors. This talk will provide a review of the relevant methodologies for non-experts in the field. The presentation will include a discussion of how high throughput sequencing is performed, its relative strengths and weaknesses, and how it is applicable to formalin-fixed and fresh/frozen tissue samples. The talk will also describe future directions in the genomic analysis of tumors. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Comparison of Trace Elements in Natural Waters, Dissolved versus Suspended

Through a continuing program of the Water Pollution Surveillance System of the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, raw river waters of the United States are routinely monitored for 19 trace elements with the use of a direct-reading emission spectrograph.
Re-Envisioning Literacy in a Teacher Inquiry Group in a Native American Context

AbstractThe present study describes a yearlong collaborative inquiry involving six teachers and their professional discussions about literacy instruction as they developed a curriculum to support the cultural and linguistic needs of their school’s 88% Native American student population. Participants in this study were four Native American teachers and two European American teachers who taught in an elementary public school located on a Native American Reservation in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Using a grounded theory approach, focus group discussions, interviews, and artifacts were analyzed. Analyses revealed the positions teachers adopted (i.e., advocate and cultural visionary) in their collaboration and the re-envisioning that took place as teachers adapted the curriculum to support their students’ linguistic and cultural strengths.
Fertility after removal of the intrauterine ring.

In order to answer questions most often asked by women using or considering use of the (IUR) intrauterine ring 305 women who had requested removal of an IUR in order to become pregnant were followed for 18 months. 32.1% of these women conceived in the 1st month after removal; after 18 months 93.1% had conceived. This figure is comparable to the results of a study by the World Health Organization. The failure of 6.9% of the sample to conceive cannot be attributed definitively to the IUR as many of these women may have conceived after the follow-up period and cases of sterility may have resulted from factors unrelated to the IUR. Younger women (mean age = 23.8 years) conceived sooner after removal than older women (mean age = 37.3 years). However this difference was significant only after 18 months and conception rates decrease with increasing age in women with no history of IUR use. Because the postremoval fertility rate was much higher for women who had worn the device for 1-18 months than for those who had worn it for 19-36 months the IUR should be left in place for 2 years removed for 1-2 months and then reinserted if continued contraception is desired. The IUR may postpone conception but it does not cause permanent infertility. Furthermore in this sample most women who became pregnant while the IUR was in place had normal labor. The IUR does not seem to cause malformations in pregnancies that occur while the device is in place or in pregnancies after removal.
The Development of Radiation Embrittlement Models for U.S. Power Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels

The information fusion technique is used to develop radiation embrittlement prediction models for reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels from U.S. power reactors, including boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors. The Charpy transition temperature-shift data is used as the primary index of RPV radiation embrittlement in this study. Six parameters—Cu, Ni, P, neutron fluence, irradiation time, and irradiation temperature—are used in the embrittlement prediction models. The results indicate that this new embrittlement predictor achieved reductions of about 49.5% and 52% in the uncertainties for plate and weld data, respectively, for pressurized water reactor and boiling water reactor data, compared with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide 1.99, Rev. 2. The implications of dose-rate effect and irradiation temperature effects for the development of radiation embrittlement models are also discussed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
A Technique for the Examination of Surface Effects in Aluminum Nitride Ceramics

A specimen preparation technique for the study of surface reactions and thin-film effects in aluminum nitride ceramic substrates is described. The technique uses specially prepared electron-transparent thin-foil substrates. These substrates can be examined directly in the electron microscope without the need for any further specimen preparation.
Miniemulsion Synthesis of Metal–Oxo Cluster Containing Copolymer Nanobeads

Hybrid nanobeads containing either a manganese–oxo or manganese–iron–oxo cluster have been prepared via the miniemulsion polymerization technique. Two new ligand substituted oxo clusters, Mn12O12(VBA)16(H2O)4 and Mn8Fe4O12(VBA)16(H2O)4 (where VBA = 4-vinylbenzoate), have been prepared and characterized. Polymerization of the functionalized metal–oxo clusters with styrene under miniemulsion conditions produced monodispersed polymer nanoparticles as small as ∼60 nm in diameter. The metal–oxo polymer nanobeads were fully characterized in terms of synthetic parameters, composition, structure, and magnetic properties.
APC, β-catenin and E-cadherin protein expression in colon crypts in the Markers of Adenomatous Polyps II (MAP II) study

688 The APC Pathway , a major pathway in colorectal cancers, involves functional alterations in the components of the Wnt signaling system. The “gateway” gene, APC , functions to degrade β-catenin which is pro-proliferative and regulates E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule integral for colon crypt structure and function. Quantification of these biomarkers in crypts in normal-appearing colon mucosa may help us better understand the phenotypic changes associated with the genetic alterations in the APC pathway. MAP II is a community, colonoscopy-based, case-control study (49 cases, 154 controls) of incident sporadic colorectal adenoma, in which adult residents aged 30-74 years residing in Columbia, SC were enrolled. APC, β-catenin and E-cadherin levels were detected and quantified in the cells lining the colon crypt, by automated immunohistochemical methods and image analysis, in biopsies of normal-appearing rectal tissue, for 20 cases and 20 controls, from the MAP II study. We divided the colon crypt into deciles of height from base to apex and measured the signal intensity of biomarker expression in each decile to construct biomarker distribution profiles along the crypt. APC distribution : In controls, expression of APC was highest in the upper 30% of the crypts, whereas in cases it was highest in the lower 20% and upper 20%. The cases, relative to the controls, had lower expression of APC at all levels of the crypt. β-catenin distribution : Expression of β-catenin was lowest at the very bottom and the very top of the crypt for both cases and controls. No difference in the amount or shape of the distribution was evident between cases and controls. E-cadherin distribution : E-cadherin expression was lowest at the two ends of the crypt with a relatively stable distribution in-between. Although the shape of the distribution was the same for both cases and controls, cases had lower expression of E-cadherin at all levels. We also measured the total expression of these biomarkers in the colon crypt. Proportional difference in crude means between cases and controls were: APC: −24.6%, p=0.18 ; β-catenin: -4.3%, p=0.73 ; E-cadherin: -8.4%, p=0.77 . Further analyses comparing the ratio of APC to β-catenin and E-cadherin also revealed case-control differences (APC/β-catenin: -29.5%, p=0.14 ; APC/E-cadherin: -40.3%, p=0.15 ). APC, β-catenin, and E-cadherin distribution in the colon crypt based on fully quantitative image analysis procedures are being presented for the first time. Cases had decreased levels of APC and E-cadherin but the pattern varied along the crypt axis from base to apex. Contrary to expectations, we did not find an elevated level of β-catenin among cases. These findings suggest phenotypic differences that cannot be predicted solely from the genetic model of the APC pathway in colorectal adenoma, and further studies to investigate changes in phenotypic expression of biomarkers are needed.
The extended loops of ribosomal proteins uL4 and uL22 of Escherichia coli contribute to ribosome assembly and protein translation

Nearly half of ribosomal proteins are composed of a domain on the ribosome surface and a loop or extension that penetrates into the organelle's RNA core. Our previous work showed that ribosomes lacking the loops of ribosomal proteins uL4 or uL22 are still capable of entering polysomes. However, in those experiments we could not address the formation of mutant ribosomes, because we used strains that also expressed wild-type uL4 and uL22. Here, we have focused on ribosome assembly and function in strains in which loop deletion mutant genes are the ONLY: sources of uL4 or uL22 protein. The uL4 and uL22 loop deletions have different effects, but both mutations result in accumulation of immature particles that do not accumulate in detectable amounts in wild-type strains. Thus, our results suggest that deleting the loops creates kinetic barriers in the normal assembly pathway, possibly resulting in assembly via alternate pathway(s). Furthermore, deletion of the uL4 loop results in cold-sensitive ribosome assembly and function. Finally, ribosomes carrying either of the loop-deleted proteins responded normally to the secM translation pausing peptide, but the uL4 mutant responded very inefficiently to the cmlA(crb) pause peptide.
Dietary Linoleic Acid Lowering Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Increase in Brain Arachidonic Acid Metabolism

Linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) is a precursor to arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6), which can be converted by brain lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes into various lipid mediators involved in the regulation of brain immunity. Brain AA metabolism is activated in rodents by the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study tested the hypothesis that dietary LA lowering, which limits plasma supply of AA to the brain, reduces LPS-induced upregulation in brain AA metabolism. Male Fischer CDF344 rats fed an adequate LA (5.2 % energy (en)) or low LA (0.4 % en) diet for 15 weeks were infused with LPS (250 ng/h) or vehicle into the fourth ventricle for 2 days using a mini-osmotic pump. The incorporation rate of intravenously infused unesterified 14C-AA into brain lipids, eicosanoids, and activities of phospholipase A2 and COX-1 and 2 enzymes were measured. Dietary LA lowering reduced the LPS-induced increase in prostaglandin E2 concentration and COX-2 activity (P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA) without altering phospholipase activity. The 14C-AA incorporation rate into brain lipids was decreased by dietary LA lowering (P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA). The present findings suggest that dietary LA lowering reduced LPS-induced increase in brain markers of AA metabolism. The clinical utility of LA lowering in brain disorders should be explored in future studies.
Kroetz and Handke: A Comparison

To introduce the theatre of Peter Handke and Franz Xaver Kroetz it may be useful to make a comparative analysis of Handke’s mime play My Foot My Tutor (1969) and three Kroetz plays — The Choice For Life (1973/1980), Stalierhof (1972) and Ghost Train (1972). I will base my comments partly on my production of My Foot My Tutor, which I directed in London in 1973 and on the production of The Choice For Life, broadcast as a radio play in 1973, revised for the stage by Kroetz and directed by Hartmut Baum in Munich in 1980. Like My Foot My Tutor, Stalierhof and Ghost Train are set in primitive rural circumstances and consist of short elliptical scenes; they share an attention to minute ordinary detail. The attitudes towards ‘language’ and the basic sets of relationships in Handke’s mime play and Kroetz’s dialect pieces about semi-articulate people, Stalierhof and Ghost Train, have similarities and in each case are typical of the authors’ work.
Old Wine in a New Bottle: Public Journalism, Developmental Journalism, and Social Responsibility

The emerging concept of public journalism in the United States is very similar to the concept of developmental journalism that the West had denounced in the past in debates concerning the New World Information and Communication Order (KWICO). Many of the ideas of the International Commission for the Study of Communication Problems, as well as those regarding the social responsibility theory of the press associated with the Commission on Freedom of the Press, have appeared in the writings of those who advocate public journalism. Just as during the NWICO debates, scholars are questioning the validity of conventional news values based on what Galtung and Vincent call “occidental cosmology.” Participatory communication and cultural identity appear to be vital components of both public journalism and developmental journalism. How can one explain the philosophical similarities of these three movements—social responsibility, NWICO, and public journalism— that have influenced our thinking on journalism during the...
Introduction and Regulation of Cloned Genes for Agricultural Livestock Improvement

The advent of gene transfer technology, which allows the introduction of well-characterized, cloned genes into the permanent genetic make-up of mammalian species, including laboratory mice (17,56) and domestic farm ani mals (20), holds the promise of providing a new methodology for the genetic improvement of livestock. Indeed, using these recombinant genetic procedures, greater genetic improvement may soon be achieved in a single generation of an animal than has previously been possible using classical genetic selection over a period of decades. But, in order to realize this promise, it will be necessary not only to introduce specific genes into the genetic composition of domestic animals but also to regulate the expression of these transgenes in concert with the existing physiological requirements of the animal.
On gravitational conductors, waveguides, and circuits

We show that a material with sufficiently large elastic shear modulus or shear viscosity will act like a gravitational conductor or “metal.” It will reflect gravitational waves, and it can be used to make gravitational waveguides and circuits. Unlike electromagnetism, a gravitational wave can be guided by a single conductor in transverse mode. Gravitational conductors can obey the dominant energy condition, and they can be larger than their Schwarzschild radius, but they must violate a new condition that is probably satisfied by all existing forms of matter. Direct-current gravitational circuits, although limits of guided gravitational waves, have a simple Newtonian interpretation.
A Developmental Approach to Machine Learning

Visual learning depends on both the algorithms and the training material. This essay considers the natural statistics of infant- and toddler-egocentric vision. These natural training sets for human visual object recognition are very different from the training data fed into machine vision systems. Rather than equal experiences with all kinds of things, toddlers experience extremely skewed distributions with many repeated occurrences of a very few things. And though highly variable when considered as a whole, individual views of things are experienced in a specific order - with slow, smooth visual changes moment-to-moment, and developmentally ordered transitions in scene content. We propose that the skewed, ordered, biased visual experiences of infants and toddlers are the training data that allow human learners to develop a way to recognize everything, both the pervasively present entities and the rarely encountered ones. The joint consideration of real-world statistics for learning by researchers of human and machine learning seems likely to bring advances in both disciplines.
Linear Expenditure Systems and Related Estimation Problems

A linear expenditure system (LES) is a system of equations describing demand in terms of an expenditure equation that is a linear function of income and prices. In spatial economics, it can represent preferences across locations, which allows differences among these locations to be accounted for. A basic theoretical foundation can be established by linking a LES to a production function (e.g., Cobb–Douglas, constant elasticity of substitution) and a utility function (e.g., Stone–Geary), one assuming that average propensities to spend vary systematically with income level due to minimum subsistence requirements. One spatial econometric issue concerns the role spatial autocorrelation plays in identification, specification, and estimation of LES parameters.
Architectural options and optimization of suborbital space tourism vehicles

Since the creation of the Ansari X-Prize, a significant technical and commercial interest has developed in suborbital space tourism. An obvious question arises: what system architecture will provide the best combination of cost and safety for the performance defined by the prize? The objective of this paper is to address this question, by defining the design space and searching comprehensively through it with respect to launch mass (a proxy for cost) and safety. We have identified 33 architectures and visualized them in a single table. Of these, 26 have not earlier been proposed. A genetic algorithm optimized each of these 33 architectures for launch mass and safety. The launch mass was calculated by a design framework consisting of four modules: weight/size, propulsion, aerodynamics, and trajectory. To calculate the safety, a quantitative risk analysis is then developed. It is based on a hazard list with associated severities and likelihood factors. For each architectural feature, a mitigation factor is defined which quantifies the mitigation potential of an option during the design phase for a certain hazard. For a four-participant vehicle, six non-dominated architectures could be identified that merit a more refined design analysis.
Computing-in-memory with spintronics

In-memory computing is a promising approach to alleviating the processor-memory data transfer bottleneck in computing systems. While spintronics has attracted great interest as a non-volatile memory technology, recent work has shown that its unique properties can also enable in-memory computing. We summarize efforts in this direction, and describe three different designs that enhance STT-MRAM to perform logic, arithmetic, and vector operations and evaluate transcendental functions within memory arrays.
Contemporary considerations in concurrent endoscopic sinus surgery and rhinoplasty.

Purpose of review Characterize indications, perioperative considerations, clinical outcomes and complications for concurrent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and rhinoplasty. Recent findings Chronic rhinosinusitis and septal deviation with or without inferior turbinate hypertrophy independently impair patient-reported quality of life. Guidelines implore surgeons to include endoscopy to accurately evaluate patient symptoms. Complication rates parallel those of either surgery (ESS and rhinoplasty) alone and are not increased when performed concurrently. Operative time is generally longer for joint surgeries. Patient satisfaction rates are high. Summary Concurrent functional and/or cosmetic rhinoplasty and ESS is a safe endeavor to perform in a single operative setting and most outcomes data suggest excellent patient outcomes. Additional studies that include patient-reported outcome measures are needed.
On Some Characterizations of the Binomial and Poisson Distributions Based on a Damage Model

In this paper, we consider some characterizations of the binomial and Poisson distributions based on a damage model.
Periodic Nonuniform Sampling in Shift-Invariant Spaces

This chapter reviews several ideas that grew out of observations of Djokovic and Vaidyanathan to the effect that a generalized sampling method for bandlimited functions, due to Papoulis, could be carried over in many cases to the spline spaces and other shift-invariant spaces. Papoulis’ method is based on the sampling output of linear, time-invariant systems. Unser and Zerubia formalized Papoulis’ approach in the context of shift-invariant spaces. However, it is not easy to provide useful conditions under which the Unser-Zerubia criterion provides convergent and stable sampling expansions. Here we review several methods for validating the Unser-Zerubia approach for periodic nonuniform sampling, which is a very special case of generalized sampling. The Zak transform plays an important role.
Disaggregate U.S. Labor Statistics for the USAGE 2.0 and GTAP Applied General Equilibrium Models

This paper documents a methodology to disaggregate by occupation the U.S. sectoral employment data within the USAGE 2.0 and GTAP applied general equilibrium (AGE) models. We utilize statistics from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in particular the Occupational Employment Statistics Survey and the Census of Agriculture, to produce the following occupation-by-sector tables for 2007 and 2010 for each of the two AGE models: employment, mean annual wage, wage bill, and wage bill shares. The last table, wage bill shares, can be used to split payments to labor services in the AGE models into 22 major occupations.
Tuning purple bacteria salt-tolerance for photobioelectrochemical systems in saline environments

The development of photobioelectrochemical systems is an exciting field requiring a combination of electrochemical, biological and material science knowledge. One of the main advantages of applying anoxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms versus non-photosynthetic bacteria is the possibility to utilize sunlight as the energy source, while removing organic contaminants from a solution. Since bacterial cells utilize energy to maintain the intracellular osmolarity, bacterial species that do not rely on organic species as an energy source have an advantage over species requiring them for their sustainment. Herein, we discuss the possible use of Rhodobacter capsulatus, an extremely versatile photosynthetic purple bacteria, for application in environments within a range of low to moderately high salinity (0-25 g L-1 NaCl). Bacterial cells' capability to adapt to changing salinity, and effects on bioelectrochemical performance will be presented, as well as major drawbacks and research needs to drive future efforts and discussions.
A Community Resilience Framework for community development practitioners building equity and adaptive capacity

This article combined the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and Community Capitals Framework to address four critical concerns in the current community resilience literature. One concern is the need...
Mercury, lead, and cadmium exposure via red blood cell transfusions in preterm infants

Background Mercury, lead, and cadmium are developmental neurotoxicants. We predict that preterm newborns requiring packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions may be exposed to neurotoxic doses. We explored the relationship between donor concentration, number of donors, number of transfusions and mercury, lead and cadmium exposure. Methods Single-donor PRBCs were analyzed for mercury, lead and cadmium concentration. Dose per transfusion was calculated and compared to intravenous reference doses (IVRfDs). Linear regression analyses were performed to correlate donor and infant exposure. Results Thirty-six infants received 268 transfusions from 94 donors. Number of donors and transfusions were significantly correlated with birthweight and gestational age. All three metals were detected in ≥95% of donor PRBCs. Number of donors was significantly associated with cumulative dose, and there was a significant correlation between mercury and lead doses/transfusion. IVRfDs were exceeded for mercury and lead in 8.6% and 38% of transfusions, respectively. None exceeded the IVRfD for cadmium. For lead, infants exposed to three donors had more transfusions exceeding IVRfD than those exposed to 1-2 donors. Conclusions Preterm infants are exposed to heavy metals via transfusions. Doses exceeded the IVRfDs for mercury and lead. Cadmium did not pose a risk. Prescreening donor blood could reduce exposure risk.
Declining Presence of Family Physicians in Hospital-Based Care: A Major Concern or Totally Makes Sense?

Comprehensiveness along with continuity, coordination, and first contact serve as the 4 pillars of primary care.[1][1] Because of their training, family physicians (FPs) are specialists qualified to treat most ailments and provide comprehensive health care to people of all ages.[2][2] This
PRE- VS POST-PROCEDURE MITRAL VALVE AREA AND MEAN DIASTOLIC GRADIENT IN PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY MITRAL REGURGITATION UNDERGOING EDGE-TO-EDGE MITRAL VALVE REPAIR

The impact of transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TMVr) on post-procedure mitral valve orifice area(MVA) and mean diastolic gradient(MnG) in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation is not well defined. We aimed to investigate the impact of TMVr on MVA and MnG. We retrospectively
Abstract WP408: Risk of Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage From Hypertension is Greatest at an Early Age

Background: The risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with hypertension (HTN) is well documented, with prior studies showing that HTN is the most important risk factor associated with ICH. Prior s...
Using Hypermedia in Response-Based Literature Classrooms: A Critical Review of Commercial Applications.

AbstractResponse-based literature teaching and learning regards readers as active meaning-makers, and therefore emphasizes the importance of teaching and learning the processes of literary understanding, which are viewed as both socially and personally mediated. Many of the qualities of hypermedia suggest that it may be well suited for supporting such approaches. The National Center for Research on Literature Teaching and Learning’s ongoing Multimedia and Literature Teaching and Learning Project is concerned with systematically exploring this idea. The project’s first stage, detailed in this article, involved reviewing commercial multimedia literature applications from a response-based perspective. This article describes criteria developed for evaluating applications from that perspective, as well as the program acquisition and evaluation process. Findings suggest that the hypermedia literature applications currently commercially available, although technologically quite good and perhaps supportive of tex...
Intersecting and Multiple Identities in Behavioral Health

This chapter explores the complexities that exist beyond the basic categories of single-identity status (i.e., “race,” “sex,” “religion” independently) and dwells upon the ways in which interconnectedness influences experiences and outcomes of oppression relevant to applied and research-oriented behavioral healthcare settings. Implications of neglecting intersectional theory are discussed with personal, clinical, and empirical consideration. As this chapter explores issues surrounding multiple identities, particularly multiple minority or marginalized identities, an examination of the history of the concept of intersectionality and its eventual application in behavioral healthcare is presented. It also describes prominent theories and research. Because identity-based distinctions are the basis of prejudicial discrimination, this chapter evaluates intersectionality in terms of the cultural, societal, political, and institutional forces that mold our conceptions of difference. Finally, the chapter will conclude with a discussion of intersectionality and multiple minority status within behavioral sciences with a focus on the application of an intersectional framework holistically throughout one’s life rather than as a “technique” or “statistical consideration” solely within one’s work.
Active learning for an introductory tourism course—a case study

Hospitality and tourism programs in institutions of higher education are confronted with unique challenges in preparing students for the complex world. Characteristic shifts in their learning style...
Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Necessary for Major Lung Resection

Post-operative infectious complications represent a major source of morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing lung resection. Pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis against wound infection, pneumonia, and empyema are used by many groups with unclear outcomes. Historic trials demonstrated decreased rates of wound infection without consistent improvement in rates of post-operative pneumonia or empyema. Patients undergoing major lung resection, particularly those with planned open operations, should receive pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis against wound infection. However, the applicability of such trials to thoracoscopic surgery, especially in the era of modern pre-operative antiseptic practices, is questionable. Further prospective data is needed to identify the benefits received by patients undergoing straightforward VATS lung resection at low risk for infectious complications.
Abstract B24: Identification of YAP modulators using genome-wide gain-of-function screening

The Hippo pathway is a signaling pathway that is crucial to regulate tissue homeostasis and organ growth. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of the MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinase cascade that regulates the activity of the transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ by phosphorylation. Unphosphorylated YAP/TAZ display nuclear localization and interact with TEAD proteins to regulate gene expression. A tight regulation is crucial, since deregulated YAP/TAZ can lead to several organismal defects including cancer development. To ensure robustness of the signaling pathway to perturbations, many Hippo components are organized in a redundant manner, e.g., redundancy of LATS kinases. This feature aggravates the identification of new Hippo signaling components using loss-of-function screens since a knockout of one factor could potentially be compensated for by its redundant counterpart. To discover novel potential regulators of YAP, we performed a genome-scale gain-of-function CRISPR/Cas9 screening in MCF10A cells using the synergistic activation mediator (SAM) system. SAM is an adaptation of CRISPR/Cas9 to overexpress endogenous genes by targeting the proximal promoter with sgRNAs rather than knocking out target genes. Using the nuclear localization of YAP as a measure of YAP activity, we could identify several genes as positive regulators of YAP. One of the best screening hits is ISOC1 (Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 1). We validated the screening by using single sgRNAs to induce the endogenous ISOC1 locus by SAM. The expression of YAP-target genes as ANKRD1, CTGF, and IGFBP3 was increased upon ISOC1 overexpression. Main goals in the future will be to understand the biochemical mechanism by which ISOC1 modulates YAP activity and the biologic role of ISOC1. Since ISOC1 is reported to localize to peroxisomes and is induced upon dietary restriction in mice, we hypothesize that ISOC1 acts as a central hub to connect peroxisomal metabolism and YAP/TAZ activity. Citation Format: Paul Cramer, Bjorn von Eyss. Identification of YAP modulators using genome-wide gain-of-function screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
Women in Solitary Confinement: Relationships, Pseudofamilies, and the Limits of Control:

Drawing on qualitative data from focus groups with correctional personnel in one of the nation’s largest women’s prisons, this study examines staff perceptions of how incarcerated women cope with l...
Improvements in mechanical properties of collagen-based scaffolds for tissue engineering

Abstract As the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in the human body, collagen has been a popular biomaterial to prepare tissue engineering scaffolds. Unfortunately, collagen-only scaffolds do not possess adequate mechanical properties (modulus, strength) for in vitro handling and long-term cell culture. This paper reviews the improvements in the mechanical properties of collagen-based scaffolds using the gelation process and crosslinking agents. Effects of both chemical and physical crosslinking methods on scaffold mechanical properties are discussed along with the effects of wet versus dry testing conditions. Approaches involving the addition of polymer and ceramic additives in the collagen-based scaffolds forming composites to enhance their mechanical properties are also summarized.
Nonlinear Stability Analysis for Artificial Kidney Multi-compartmental Models

This paper investigates the global stability of artificial kidney fluid volume dynamics described by a nonlinear multi-compartment model of extracellular fluid volume exchange during dialysis. Only a few papers in the literature have addressed the stability of similar classes of compartment models. In these papers, the global stability of such models is established using the Lyapunov method; however, their results are not applicable to our model. We developed a new nonlinear Lyapunov function which enables us to prove the stability of a general class of nonlinear multi-compartment models. To examine the oscillatory behavior of the model under external input, we tested our stability results during the short-term of the ultrafiltration process.
THE FUNCTIONS OF CODE-SWITCHING IN LOWER LEVEL SPANISH LANGUAGE CLASSES / LAS FUNCIONES DE CONMUTACIÓN DE CÓDIGOS EN CLASES DE LENGUA ESPAÑOLA DE NIVEL INFERIOR

Code switching (CS) between Spanish and English is a prevailing and growing phenomenon. There has been a rise over the past two decades in the interest of Spanish-English CS, as it relates to the formation of the Hispanic identity and unity in the U.S. However, there has been little research comparing how CS between bilingual English/Spanish speakers in a natural environment differs or is similar to CS used by Spanish language teachers in the classroom. The researcher for the current study collected speech samples from Spanish teachers’ pedagogical language in lower level courses, which were later analyzed in order to determine if there were similarities in the reasons instructors initiate CS in their pedagogical language and the reasons previous studies have shown speakers to use CS outside the classroom. The data reveals that while the speech environment and dynamics between listener and speaker are different, Spanish language teachers and speakers outside the language classroom implement CS for similar reasons. La alternancia de codigos (AI) entre el espanol y el ingles es un fenomeno prevaleciente que esta creciendo en los ambientes de contacto entre las dos lenguas. En las ultimas dos decadas, ha habido un aumento en el interes en la AI entre el espanol y el ingles, al igual que en esta relacion con una identidad hispana en los EEUU. Poca investigacion se ha hecho, sin embargo, que compara como difiere o se asemeja la AI entre hablantes bilingues del espanol e ingles a la AI que implementan los instructores de espanol en sus aulas. La autora de este estudio recopilo muestras de habla del lenguaje pedagogico de clases de niveles bajos y las analiza para determinar si las razones por las que los instructores inician la AI en su lenguaje pedagogico son similares al uso de la AI fuera del aula. Los datos muestran que mientras los ambientes de habla y la dinamica entre oyente y hablante son diferentes, los instructores de espanol y los hablantes fuera del aula utilizan AI por razones similares. Article visualizations:
An Analytical Method for Calculating Probability Density Distribution of HVDC System Reliability Index

Traditional high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) system uses expectation-based indices to represent the system average reliability level. However, only limited information can be learned from such indices. It is necessary to present the results of reliability evaluation from the perspective of the probability distribution. Based on the idea of the minimum cut set, this paper presents an analytical method to calculate the probability density distribution of the HVDC system reliability index. First, assuming that the minimum cut set events obey Poisson distribution, the approximate analytical expression of the HVDC system reliability index is derived. Then, a large number of HVDC system reliability index samples are obtained through the analytical expression. Combined with the nonparametric kernel density estimation technique, the probability density distribution curve of the HVDC system reliability index is obtained. The proposed analytical method can not only efficiently calculate the probability density distribution of the HVDC system reliability index, but also provide useful information for HVDC system planning and operation. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified on Yunnan-Guangdong HVDC Transmission Demonstration Project.
Are we losing diversity? Navigating ecological, political, and epistemic dimensions of agrobiodiversity conservation

Narratives of seed ‘loss’ and ‘persistence’ remain at loggerheads. Crop genetic diversity is rapidly eroding worldwide, we are told, and numerous studies support this claim. Other data, however, suggests an alternative storyline: far from disappearing, seed diversity persists around the world, resisting the homogenizing forces of modern capitalism. Which of these accounts is closer to the truth? As it turns out, crop biodiversity is more easily invoked than measured, more easily wielded than understood. In this essay, I contend that the impasse reveals an error in the asking. We must, instead, look to the ontological, epistemic, and narrative dimensions of agrobiodiversity—and to the science, politics, and cultures of each. How is diversity empirically defined and measured? Who creates and categorizes diversity? Who does not? How is such knowledge mobilized in the accounts and narratives of different interest groups? Where, when, and why does a narrative hold true? This multi-dimensional view of agrobiodiversity makes space for a greater understanding of how diversity is created, maintained, and renewed. It suggests policy and institutional support for systems that engender such renewal of diversity, both in and ex situ.
Oxidative-addition to a four-coordinate tin(II) complex supported by octamethyldibenzotetraaza[14]annulene dianion ligation, [η4-Me8taa]Sn: The syntheses and structures of [η4-Me8taa]SnI2 and ∗[η4-Me8taa]SnI(THF)∗∗I3∗

Abstract The four-coordinate tin(II) complex [η4-Me8taa]Sn undergoes oxidative addition of I2 to give six-coordinate [η4-Me8taa]SnI2, in which the iodide ligands exhibit a trans arrangment. Abstraction of I− from [η4-Me8taa]SnI2 is facile, as indicated by the rapid formation of the triiodide derivative ∗[η 4 - Me 8 taa ] SnI(THF) ∗∗ I 3 ∗ upon treatment with I2 in the presence of THF. The molecular structures of [η4-Me8taa]SnI2 and ∗[η 4 - Me 8 taa ] SnI(THF) ∗∗ I 3 ∗ have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
Numerical Modeling of Subgrid-Scale Flow in Turbulence, Rotation, and Convection

We show that it is impossible to simulate numerically all of the length-scales in astrophysical turbulence. We look at the effects of ignoring the unresolvable, small-scale flow, and show how numerical simulations that neglect the subgrid-scale motions produce erroneous solutions. Then we discuss the “quick fix” remedy of introducing a numerical or eddy-viscosity. We sketch how the analytic theories of turbulence attempt to model the large-scale effects of the small-scale motions. In the last section of this paper we examine four anisotropic, inhomogeneous flows of astrophysical interest for which numerical and eddy-viscosities produce incorrect solutions. Improved models of the subgrid-scale flow are examined. We show how numerical simulation of large Reynolds number (but non-turbulent) flows can guide us in modeling subgrid-scale flows in astrophysical settings.
Constrained principal component analysis via an orthogonal learning network

The regular principal components (PC) analysis of stochastic processes is extended to the so-called constrained principal components (CPC) problem. The CPC analysis involves extracting representative components which contain the most information about the original processes, The CPC solution has to be extracted from a given constraint subspace. Therefore, the CPC solution may be adopted to best recover the original signal and simultaneously avoid the undesirably noisy or redundant components. A technique for finding optimal CPC solutions via an orthogonal learning network (OLN) is proposed. The underlying numerical analysis for the theoretical proof of the convergency of OLN is discussed. The same numerical analysis provides a useful estimate of optimal learning rates leading to very fast convergence speed. Simulation and application examples are provided. >
Fluvial response to an historic lowstand of the Great Salt Lake, Utah

Understanding fluvial adjustments to base level changes benefits the fields of sequence stratigraphy, geomorphology and petroleum geology. This investigation is a modern case study of the channel dynamics of Lee Creek and the Goggin Drain, two streams that are part of the Jordan River drainage into the endorheic Great Salt Lake of northern Utah, a lacustrine system that has experienced multiple, decadal-scale base level changes. Since 1965, the lake level has fluctuated in elevation more than 6 m, transitioning from an historic lowstand [ 1284 m a.s.l.), and in 2009–2010 approaching an historic lowstand. This study uses detailed aerial images, fieldwork and LiDAR data to link the modern geomorphology and channel hydraulics to specific variations in sediment transport, channel form, and avulsion behavior. Although Lee Creek and the Goggin Drain are situated only a few kilometers apart and share similar shore zone gradients, substrates and vegetation patterns, and have been subjected to the same changes in lake level, their channel forms have evolved very differently. Differences in discharge patterns are likely the most influential factor causing the meandering form of Lee Creek and the braiding channel of the Goggin Drain. Despite the differences in discharge, total sediment eroded from the two streams is comparable and can be attributed to similar stream power/unit stream width in the two streams. Although Lee Creek has not recently been avulsive, three major avulsions of the Goggin Drain have taken place since 1965. Two possible styles of avulsion are interpreted: an allogenic response to changing base level, and an autogenic response dictated by channel morphology and hydraulics. Despite a wealth of available information, avulsions cannot be unequivocally attributed to one style or another. Caution should be used when attempting to link the complex process of avulsion to causal mechanisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.