cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Production of Meaning through Peer Interaction: Children and Walt Disney’s Cinderella

For many years researchers have understood that gender roles in children’s literature have the capacity to create and reinforce “meanings” of femininity and masculinity (Currie, Gend. Soc., 11: 453–477, 1997; Gledhill, Genre and gender: The case of soap opera. In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation (pp. 339–383). London: Sage, 1985; Tatar, Off with their heads!: Fairy tales and the culture of childhood. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993; Zipes, Happily ever after. New York: Routledge, 1997). The purpose of this study was to investigate children’s interpretation of a popular gendered fairy tale at the level of peer interaction. Walt Disney’s Cinderella was used in elementary school reading groups to investigate the ways that children understand messages regarding gender and the influence of peer culture on the production of meaning. The findings indicate that gender and gendered expectations were essential to the process of interpretation and the construction of meaning for the children. Gender unified the boys and girls into two distinct groups, particularly around the “girls’ book,” Cinderella. Gender was reinforced along traditional lines in the peer group, serving as a deterrent to the production of alternate interpretations to traditional messages in the text.
Genome organization of repetitive elements in the rodent, Peromyscus leucopus

To document the frequency and distribution of repetitive elements in Peromyscus leucopus, the white-footed mouse, a cosmid genomic library was examined. Two thousand thirteen randomly chosen recombinants, with an average insert size of 35 kb and representing 2.35% of the haploid genome of P. leucopus, were screened with probes representing microsatellites, tandem repeats, and transposable elements. Of the four dinucleotides, (GT)n was present in 87% of the clones, (CT)n was present in 59% of the clones, and (AT)n and (GC)n each was represented in our sample by a single clone (0.05%). (TCC)n was present in 8% of the clones. Of the tandem repeats, the 28S ribosomal probe and the (TTAGGG)n telomere probe were not represented in the library, whereas a heterochromatic fragment was present in 9% of the clones. A transposable element, mys, was estimated to occur in 4700 copies, whereas a long interspersed element (LINE) was estimated to occur in about 41,000 copies per haploid genome. LINE and mys occurred together in the same clones more frequently than expected on the basis of chance. Hybridizing the library to genomic DNA from P. leucopus, Reithrodontomys fulvescens, Mus musculus, and human produced general agreement between phylogenetic relatedness and intensity of hybridization. However, dinucleotide repeats appeared to account for a disproportionately high number of positive clones in the more distantly related taxa.
Probing enantioselectivity on chirally modified Cu(110), Cu(100), and Cu(111) surfaces

Temperature programmed desorption methods have been used to probe the enantioselectivity of achiral Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) single crystal surfaces modified by chiral organic molecules including amino acids, alcohols, alkoxides, and amino-alcohols. The following combinations of chiral probes and chiral modifiers on Cu surfaces were included in this study: propylene oxide (PO) on L-alanine modified Cu(110), PO on L-alaninol modified Cu(111), PO on 2-butanol modified Cu(111), PO on 2-butoxide modified Cu(100), PO on 2-butoxide modified Cu(111), R-3-methylcyclohexanone (R-3-MCHO) on 2-butoxide modified Cu(100), and R-3-MCHO on 2-butoxide modified Cu(111). In contrast with the fact that these and other chiral probe/modifier systems have exhibited enantioselectivity on Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces, none of these probe/modifier/Cu systems exhibit enantioselectivity at either low or high modifier coverages. The nature of the underlying substrate plays a significant role in the mechanism of hydrogen-bonding interactions and could be critical to observing enantioselectivity. While hydrogen-bonding interactions between modifier and probe molecule are believed to induce enantioselectivity on Pd surfaces (Gao, F.; Wang, Y.; Burkholder, L.; Tysoe, W. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 15240-15249), such critical interactions may be missing on Cu surfaces where hydrogen-bonding interactions are believed to occur between adjacent modifier molecules, enabling them to form clusters or islands.
Self-focusing of coherent pulses☆

Abstract Numerical integration of the coupled field-material system equations shows self-focusing when coherent pulses propagate through resonant absorbers. The effect appears to be distinct from self-focusing associated with adiabatic following.
Stress Compensation in Hafnia/Silica Optical Coatings by Inclusion of Alumina Layers

Tensile stresses in hafnia/silica coatings used in vacuum are mitigated by alumina in the multilayer design. Inclusion of interfacial effects and the influence of different layer thicknesses allows the production of low-compressive-stress, high laser-damage-threshold coatings.
On the energy-dependence of background-resonance interference effects in knockout reactions

Abstract Information about deep-hole excitations formed in knockout reactions may be masked by background-resonance interference effects. The dependence of these interference effects on the energy of the incident projectile is studied. They are found to become substantially less important at higher incident energies.
Research on O-OFDM System Based on Hyper Chaos Scrambling Encryption Algorithm

A new scrambling method in the O-OFDM [ [ signal is proposed based on the hyper-chaotic sequences. By scrambling the frequency signal, it can reach the role of encryption. First, a hyper-chaotic sequence is produced by a hyper-chaotic system; then scrambling the O-OFDM signal on the frequency and time domain by using the pseudo-randomness of the hyper-chaotic sequence. In this paper a 256×256lena image is as the original information to prove the effect of this new method. The experiment that conducted in the simulation O-OFDM system of the Optisystem software indicates: the algorithm has high security; and because of the character of the hyper-chaotic system, the secret key space has largely improved. It can ensure the safety of the information transmission effectively.
Caffeine Consumption, Withdrawal and Cerebral Blood Flow

SYNOPSIS Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements were conducted under resting conditions and after twenty-four hours of caffeine abstinence in groups of high and low caffeine users. CBF was also measured thirty minutes after the oral administration of 250 rag. of caffeine in the high caffeine users and after a placebo in the low caffeine users. Caffeine administration was associated with significant CBF reduction and caffeine abstinence with significant frontal flow increases in the high caffeine group. The low caffeine group showed no differences between the resting, post-placebo and post-caffeine abstinence CBF values.
Inclusion of nonproteinous amino acids in thermally prepared models for prebiotic protein

Abstract Sixteen nonproteinous amino acids (those not coded for in contemporary protein biosynthesis) were incorporated during the thermal formation of polyamino acids under postulated prebiotic conditions, although not all into a single polyamino acid. The copresence of proteinous or even α-amino acids was not required. (Norleucine color equivalents and elution times on a Beckman model 120C amino acid analyzer were determined for these nonproteinous amino acids). The results suggest that prebiotically available nonproteinous amino acids would have been constituents of prebiotic protein if the latter were formed thermally. Some differences in properties of the polyamino acids could be attributed to particular nonproteinous amino acid residues; however, the tested properties did not suggest a means for evolutionary selection against nonproteinous amino acids as a group . Selection against this class of amino acids in toto was likely a later, biotic, event.
Novel unsupervised multiresolution texture segmentation approach

Image texture plays a vital role in the segmentation process. A novel unsupervised segmentation approach based on multiresolution cooperative texture model computation is developed. The multiresolution segmentation approach is based on the observation that the human visual system utilizes relatively `global' information about an image in conjunction with `local' information to reach segmentation decisions. The texture model developed is based on sets of gray level co-occurrence matrices rather than measures extracted from them. The concept of multiresolution associated region (MAR) is developed for pyramid schemes. The other algorithmic constituents for the segmentation scheme such as normalized match distances between texture models, region homogeneity criteria with extensions to MARs, are systematically developed. The MAR aggregation rule is utilized to perform segmentation decisions at the base resolution level. The segmentation strategy was tested extensively on natural texture mosaics as well as on real scenes and the results are analytically presented. An important observation was that smaller texture models at multiple resolutions performed better than a very large texture model at single resolution.
Cold rolled ABS. Part 2: Rubber morphology and tensile properties of hot stretched and cold rolled ABS†

Cold rolling and hot stretching (105°C) both lead to increased failure stress and decreased stress whitening in model ABS composites while hot stretched samples alone retain a tensile yield dip. Further differences between hot stretching and cold rolling are revealed in electron micrographs obtained by the Kato method. In the hot stretched samples the ruber particles appear as elongated “cigar-like” smooth ellipsoids which reflect the observed macroscopic orientation. SAN occlusions within the ruber particles are deformed to the same degree as the rubber. Ruber particles in cold rolled samples, however, exhibit a jagged, “hairy” surface indicating a high degree of shear distortion; and SAN occlusions within the rubber particles are not deformed in rolling. The rubber particles in cold rolled ABS are flattened and disk-like rather than ellipsoidal.
A new computer memory for biology and medicine using the laser card

A new computer memory using a laser beam to impress dimples on a standard credit card has been devised which contains about 2 million bytes (700 typed pages) and which has been formatted with software to permit access to a complete medical record which can be carried by the patient and updated at each encounter with the health care system. The system has been tested in an outpatient clinic with considerable success.
Taurine and other free amino acids in milk of man and other mammals

Taurine and other free amino acids have been determined in human milk of a number of other species. Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the milk of the gerbil, mouse, cat, dog and rhesus monkey. Taurine is the second most abundant amino acid in the milk of the rat, baboon, chimpanzee, sheep, Java monkey and man. Taurine is not a major constituent in the milk of the guinea pig, rabbit, cow and horse. The milk of each species has a characteristic free amino acid pattern which may be an indication of the relative nutritional importance of these compounds during early postnatal development.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy success based on body mass index and Hounsfield units

Abstract Objectives To determine whether body mass index (BMI) and Hounsfield units (HUs) could be used as independent predictors of stone-free status after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). No detailed studies have assessed BMI as an independent predictor of ESWL outcome. Some studies have suggested that HUs of urinary calculi on noncontrast computed tomography may predict the stone-free rate after ESWL. Methods We evaluated 100 patients who had undergone ESWL for 5-mm to 10-mm upper urinary tract stones. The BMI was calculated for each patient. HU determination and chemical analysis was performed for each stone. Radiographic assessment at 6 weeks categorized patients into a stone-free (SF) or residual-stone (RS) group. Statistical analysis, using BMI and HUs as predictors, was performed to assess the stone-free rate after ESWL. Results Of 100 patients, 72 were in the SF and 28 in the RS group. The mean BMI for the SF group was 26.9 ± 0.5 versus 30.8 ± 0.9 in the RS group ( P P P P −z , where z=0.294 BMI + 0.13 HU − 18.98. Conclusions BMI and HUs were statistically significant independent predictors of stone-free rates after ESWL. We believe a predictive model of ESWL outcome may be formulated on the basis of these findings and may be used to select the preferred treatment option for patients with urinary calculi.
Nanostructured materials for multifunctional applications under NSF-CREST research at Norfolk State University

Magnetic nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 have been synthesized under an applied magnetic field through a co-precipitation method followed by thermal treatments at different temperatures, producing nanoparticles of varying size. The magnetic behavior of these nanoparticles of varying size was investigated. As-grown nanoparticles demonstrate superparamagnetism above the blocking temperature, which is dependent on the particle size. The anomalous magnetic behavior is attributed to the preferred Co ions and vacancies arrangements when the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized under applied magnetic field. Furthermore, this magnetic property is strongly dependent on the high temperature heat treatments, which produce Co ions and vacancies disorder. We performed the fabrication of condensed and mesoporous silica coated CoFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposites. The CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were encapsulated with well-defined silica layer. The mesopores in the shell were fabricated as a consequence of removal of organic group of the precursor through annealing. The NiO nanoparticles were loaded into the mesoporous silica. The mesoporous silica coated magnetic nanostructure loaded with NiO as a final product may have potential use in the field of biomedical applications. Growth mechanism of ZnO nanorod arrays on ZnO seed layer investigated by electric and Kelvin probe force microscopy. Both electric and Kelvin force probe microscopy was used to investigate the surface potentials on the ZnO seed layer, which shows a remarkable dependence on the annealing temperature. The optimum temperature for the growth of nanorod arrays normal to the surface was found to be at 600 °C, which is in the range of right surface potentials and energy measured between 500 °C and 700 °C. We demonstrated from both EFM and Kelvin force probe microscopy studies that surface potential controls the growth of ZnO nanorods. This study will provide important understanding of growth of other nanostructures. ZnO nanolayers were also grown by atomic layer deposition techniques. These nanolayers of ZnO demonstrate remarkable optical and electrical properties. These nanolayers were patterned by the Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) technique. A major goal of nanotechnology is to couple the self-assembly of molecular nanostructures with conventional lithography, using either or both bottom-up and top-down fabrication methods, that would enable us to register individual molecular nanostructures onto the functional devices. However, combining the nanofabrication technique with high resolution Electron Beam Lithography, we can achieve 3D bimolecular or/and DNA origami that will be able to identify nucleic acid sequences, antigen targets, and other molecules, as for a perfect nano-biosensor. We have explored some of the nanopatterning using EBL in order to fabricate biomolecule sensing on a single chip with sub nm pitch. The applications are not limited for the bioactivity, but for enhancing immunoreactions, cell culture dishes, and tissue engineering applications.
Tree image growth analysis using instantaneous phase modulation

We propose the use of Amplitude-Modulation Frequency-Modulation (AM-FM) methods for tree growth analysis. Tree growth is modeled using phase modulation. For adapting AM-FM methods to different images, we introduce the use of fast filterbank filter coefficient computation based on piecewise linear polynomials and radial frequency magnitude estimation using integer-based Savitzky-Golay filters for derivative estimation. For a wide range of images, a simple filterbank design with only 4 channel filters is used. Filterbank specification is based on two different methods. For each input image, the FM image is estimated using dominant component analysis. A tree growthmodel is developed to characterize and depict quarterly and half-seasonal growth of trees using instantaneous phase. Qualitative evaluation of inter- and intraring reconstruction is performed on 20 aspen images and a mixture of 12 tree images of various types. Qualitative scores indicate that the results were mostly of good to excellent quality (4.4/5.0 and 4.0/5.0 for the two databases, resp.).
The potential of incretin-based therapies in type 1 diabetes

Finding a cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been elusive. Incretin-based therapies, since their approval, have demonstrated their clinical utilities in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, their potential clinical benefits in T1D remain to be appraised. GLP-1, in addition to its insulinotropic action in alleviating hyperglycemia, possesses beneficial effects in protecting progressive impairment of pancreatic β-cell function, preservation of β-cell mass and suppression of glucagon secretion, gastric emptying and appetite. Preclinical data using incretin-based therapies in diabetic NOD mice demonstrated additional effects including immuno-modulation, anti-inflammation and β-cell regeneration. Thus, data accumulated hold the promise that incretin-based therapies may be effective in delaying the new-onset, halting the further progression, or reversing T1D in subjects with newly diagnosed or long-standing, established disease.
Ability to Simulate Normalcy as a Function of Differential Psychopathology

Experiments on the simulation of MMPI profile types have generally neglected the possibility that individuals manifesting different forms of psychopathology may differ in ability to simulate normal...
Non-bounding constructions

Abstract The object of this paper is to explain a certain type of construction which occurs in priority proofs and illustrate it with two examples due to Lachlan and Harrington. The proofs in the examples are essentially the original proofs; our main contribution is to isolate the common part of these proofs. The key ideas in this common part are due to Lachlan; we include several improvements due to Harrington, Soare, Slaman, and the author. Our notation is fairly standard. If X is an r.e. set, Xs is the finite set of elements enumerated in X before step s. if Ф is a recursive functional, Фs is the approximation to Ф at step s; it only queries the oracle about numbers xi and (x)i⩽x; and 〉x0,...,xk−1〉 is an increasing function of each of its arguments. Sets are sometimes identified with their characteristic functions. Wj isthe jth r.e. set. Xc is the complement of X.
Similarity, Induction, Naming, and Categorization (SINC): Generalization or Inductive Reasoning? Reply to Heit and Hayes (2005)

This article is a response to E. Heit and B. K. Hayes’s (2005) comment on the target article “Induction and Categorization in Young Children: A Similarity-Based Model” (V. M. Sloutsky & A. V. Fisher, 2004a). The response discusses points of agreement and disagreement with Heit and Hayes; phenomena predicted by similarity, induction, naming, and categorization (SINC); and relationships between SINC and models of verbal inductive reasoning, as well as contributions and limitations of SINC and directions for future research. Overall, the authors disagree with Heit and Hayes’s analysis of limitations of SINC and with their analysis of SINC in the context of verbal inductive reasoning. At the same time, the authors agree that more research is needed to provide a unified account of similarity, induction, categorization, and recognition.
NUMA-aware graph mining techniques for performance and energy efficiency

We investigate dynamic methods to improve the power and performance profiles of large irregular applications on modern multi-core systems. In this context, we study a large sparse graph application, Betweenness Centrality, and focus on memory behavior as core count scales. We introduce new techniques to efficiently map the computational demands onto non-uniform memory architectures (NUMA). Our dynamic design adapts to hardware topology and dramatically improves both energy and performance. These gains are more significant at higher core counts. We implement a scheme for adaptive data layout, which reorganizes the graph after observing parallel access patterns, and a dynamic task scheduler that encourages shared data between neighboring cores. We measure performance and energy consumption on a modern multi-core machine and observe that mean execution time is reduced by 51.2% and energy is reduced by 52.4%.
Mobilization studies in C3-deficient mice unravel the involvement of a novel crosstalk between the coagulation and complement cascades in mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.

Mobilization studies in C3-deficient mice unravel the involvement of a novel crosstalk between the coagulation and complement cascades in mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Information theoretic fitness measures for learning classifier systems

During the course of evolution in a genetic algorithm, and in particular a Learning Classifier System, we conjecture that there is benefit in using multiple fitness functions including information theoretic fitness measures. We discuss multiple ways to evaluate rules and groups of rules, some utilizing the data, and others without. For example, to evaluate the fitness of any rule against a set of data, we propose the use of information theoretic fitness measures Sufficiency and Quality, which are derived from the classical concepts of entropy and mutual information, in order to assign fitness values to classifiers. We present the experimental results for one of the methods, viz. evaluating individual rules against the data showing that their use reduces the number of generations needed to achieve peak performance.
Proton kinetic-energy distributions from dissociative photoionization of hydrogen

Measurement of proton kinetic-energy distributions from dissociative photoionization of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ is reported, for incident-photon energies up to 41 eV. Data are presented for transitions involving the $1s{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}$ ground state and higher states of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$. At a photon energy of 41 eV, direct ionization involving the $2p{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}$ state accounts for approximately one-half of the dissociative ionization; other processes, autoionization or direct ionization involving states of higher energy than $2p{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}$, account for the remainder.
Vapor complex of neodymium chloride with aluminum chloride

Gaseous complexes between a number of metal dichlorides and the trichlorides of aluminum and iron were recently reported (1). However, complexes involving 4f element trichlorides appear not to have been observed previously. We have obtained spectroscopic evidence for a volatile vapor species of neodymium chloride with aluminum chloride. The experiment, using apparatus and procedures similar to those employed in spectral studies of gaseous neodymium halides (2), was conducted as follows: 0.08 g of NdCI 3 and 1.0 g of AICI 3 were transferred to a 20 cm pathlength, I" diameter, heavywalled cylindrical quartz cell. The cell was evacuated, sealed, and placed in a tube furnace which, in turn, was situated in the sample space of a spectrophotometer. Neodymium chloride was chosen for the first experiment because Nd 3+ has a relatively intense hypersensitive transition (419/2 ~4G5/2) at ~ 17,000 cm -I In earlier work (2), the molar absorptivity of gaseous NdBr 3 at the band maximum was
Imipramine and EEG sleep in children with depressive symptoms.

Depression in children is currently an area of considerable controversy, as is the use of potent psychopharmacologic agents in children. Since EEG sleep techniques have proven to be useful in under-standing the mechanisms of depression in adults and in predicting their response to antidepressants, a pilot study employing these techniques was undertaken in a population of hospitalized children. The EEG sleep of 12 children with significant depressive symptomatology was first examined after a two-week drug-free period and again approximately three weeks later when an optimum dose of imipramine had been maintained for at least 7–10 days. Changes in sleep continuity, as reflected in increased wakefulness and a decreased sleep efficiency, as well as an increase in Stage 2 and a decrease in Stage 4 sleep, were observed throughout the entire sample. REM suppression was also noted, but tended to be most pronounced in those children who improved on imipramine.
Who Accepts a Rapid HIV Antibody Test? The Role of Race/Ethnicity and HIV Risk Behavior Among Community Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines recommend routine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening in health care settings for all individuals aged 13–64 years; however, overall testing rates among adolescents still continue to remain low. This study examined factors related to the acceptance of HIV testing among an at-risk sample of ethnically/racially diverse community adolescents. Methods Adolescents aged 15–21 (N = 81) years were recruited from community-based youth organizations to complete HIV risk assessment surveys. After the completion of the survey, participants were offered a free OraQuick rapid HIV antibody test. Results More than half (53.1%) of the participants accepted the test, with the black population being more likely to accept testing as compared to Latinos (75% vs. 39%). After controlling for race/ethnicity, significant predictors of test acceptance included history of sexual intercourse (OR = 5.43), having only one sexual partner in the past 3 months (OR = 4.88), not always using a condom with a serious partner (OR = 3.94), and not using a condom during last sexual encounter (OR = 4.75). Conclusion Given that many adolescents are willing to know their HIV status, policies that support free or low-cost routine testing may lead to higher rates of case identification among youth. However, approaches must be developed to increase test acceptance among Latino adolescents and teenagers with multiple sexual partners.
Entrapment of small bowel after laparoscopic herniorrhaphy

As laparoscopic hernia repair continues to evolve as an operative procedure, papers will continue to be published discussing new variations and new techniques which will better the operative procedure as a whole and quite possibly decrease its associated complications (i.e., morbidity and mortality). We present a case of laparoscopic bilateral herniorrhaphy in which after uncomplicated surgery and an immediate, uneventful postoperative course, the patient returned to our institution with both a rectus sheath hematoma and small bowel obstruction. The patient, who was initially treated conservatively, ultimately required laparotomy for persistent small bowel obstruction. Laparotomy revealed incarcerated small bowel in a cavity between the posterior rectus fascia and the rectus muscle proper. The patient did well after laparotomy and was discharged home with no further complications.
Comparison of effects of sirolimus on cytokine dependent and cytokine independent proliferation.

Sirolimus (Rapamycin, RapamuneTM), a macrolide isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, has been shown to exhibit anti-fungal, anti-tumor, multidrug resistance, and immunosuppressive activities. Like cyclosporin and FK506, sirolimus must bind to a member of the immunophilin class of proteins in order to exhibit its immunosuppressive activity [1]. Although sirolimus and FK506 bind to the same family of immunophilins, namely, FKBPs, they exhibit distinct actions. While FK506 complexed with FKBP suppresses cytokine production, via inhibition of the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, sirolimus mainly modulates responses to cytokines. For example, sirolimus inhibits proliferation induced by IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, EGF and P D G F [1]. The recent description of at least two proteins which interact with the FKBP 12 : sirolimus complex [2-4] and the finding of phenotypically distinct sirolimus resistant YAC subclones indicates that there are most likely at least two sirolimus effector proteins (SEP) which mediate immunosuppressive activities of sirolimus [5]. This study addresses whether the anti-tumor effects of sirolimus require the binding of sirolimus to FKBPs, and whether analogs which inhibit PPIase activity but are not immunosuppressive can exhibit anti-tumor activity.
Improved Hepatic Toxicity Profile of Portal Vein Adjuvant Hepatic Infusional Chemotherapy

Purpose To determine whether floxuridine (FUDR) can be delivered with low hepatic toxicity through the portal vein (PV) as an adjuvant to surgically treated colorectal metastases. Patients and Methods Fifty-one patients undergoing complete resection and/or ablation for colorectal hepatic metastases were prospectively enrolled at a National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center. Two sequential phase II trials were performed. Each trial included complete surgical treatment followed by sequential, alternating (22 patients) or concurrent (29 patients) regional PV FUDR and systemic fluorouracil (FU) with leucovorin chemotherapy. Results Fifty percent of patients were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 57 years. The mean number of lesions resected was three (range, one to 11 lesions). The stage at diagnosis was II, III, and IV in 16.9%, 52.8%, and 28.3% of patients, respectively. One- and 3-year overall survival rates were 92.7% and 41.8%, respectively. The 1- and 3-year disease-free survival...
Multimedia authoring as an introduction to engineering and computer science principles

The paper describes an introductory course on multimedia authoring that has been taught at Washington State University. The interactive courseware developed for the course is being commercialized by Asymetrix Corporation for transportability beyond WSU into K-12, Community Colleges, and University audiences. The motivation for the course is simple, people are interested in multimedia. The course utilizes this natural interest in this burgeoning field to introduce concepts from electrical engineering and computer science to the often diverse student base enrolled in the course. Anecdotal evidence indicates that students from diverse backgrounds (including liberal arts) have a more thorough understanding of the role engineering plays in everyday life. At WSU, this has led to students changing majors into engineering from non-technical areas and also, to multidisciplinary design experiences for those involved.
Low-rank approximations with applications to principal singular component learning systems

In this paper, we present several dynamical systems for efficient and accurate computation of optimal low rank approximation of a real matrix. The proposed dynamical systems are gradient flows or weighted gradient flows derived from unconstrained optimization of certain objective functions. These systems are then modified to obtain power-like methods for computing a few dominant singular triplets of very large matrices simultaneously rather than just one at a time, by incorporating upper-triangular and diagonal matrices. The validity of the proposed algorithms was demonstrated through numerical experiments.
The Knowledge-Enabled Organization

Executive Overview The article reviews the book ‘The Knowledge-Enabled Organization,’ by Daniel R. Tobin.
Experience report: embedded, parallel computer-vision with a functional DSL

This paper presents our experience using a domain-specific functional language, WaveScript, to build embedded sensing applications used in scientific research. We focus on a recent computervision application for detecting birds in their natural environment. The application was ported from a prototype in C++. In reimplementing the application, we gained a much cleaner factoring of its functionality (through higher-order functions and better interfaces to libraries) and a near-linear parallel speed-up with no additional effort. These benefits are offset by one substantial downside: the lack of familiarity with the language of the original vision researchers, who understandably tried to use the language in the familiar way they use C++ and thus ran into various problems.
Battered Women's Views of Their Children:

Given that so many children are exposed to domestic violence and that such exposure is harmful to their short-as well as long-term functioning and well-being, it is critical to understand why some caretakers act to protect their children from the violence and others show greater passivity. To that end, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 women victims of domestic violence, all of whom had children. The interviews addressed the women's feelings about and views of their children and their caregiving responses in the face of the violence. Two sets of themes emerged that help explain individual differences in protective and nurturing behaviors: adultification of children and psychological traps involving the batterer's role in the children's lives. Based on these themes, recommendations for interventions to better serve the needs of battered women and their children are offered.
Efficient solar cells based on a new phthalimide-based donor–acceptor copolymer semiconductor: morphology, charge-transport, and photovoltaic properties

Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on blends of the new low band gap donor–acceptor copolymer, poly(N-(dodecyl)-3,6-bis(4-dodecyloxythiophen-2-yl)phthalimide) (PhBT12), and fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were systematically investigated. The PhBT12/fullerene blend films were found to exhibit a crystalline nanoscale morphology with space-charge-limited mobility of holes as high as 4.0 × 10−4 cm2/Vs without thermal annealing, leading to moderately efficient devices. The performance of the solar cells varied significantly with PhBT12/fullerene composition, reaching a power conversion efficiency of 2.0% with a current density of 6.43 mA/cm2 and a fill factor of 0.55 for the 1:1 PhBT12/PC71BM blend devices. However, thermally annealed (120 °C) PhBT12/fullerene blend devices had negligible photovoltaic properties due to micrometer scale phase separation of the blends which is attributed to the long side chains. We expect that better photovoltaic performance can be achieved by modifying the polymer side chain length and the device processing as well. These results show that phthalimide-based donor–acceptor copolymer semiconductors, exemplified by PhBT12, are promising low band gap materials for developing efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells.
The impact of early media election calls on Republican voting rates in Florida’s western Panhandle counties in 2000

Using voting data for presidential elections from 1976 to 2000, this paper documents an unusual and large drop off in Republican voting rates for Florida’s western Panhandle during the 2000 General Elections. Little change appears to have occurred in the rate that non-Republicans voted. The results appear more consistent with the early call reducing Republican voting rates than the networks discouraging all voters from voting by incorrectly calling the polls closed in the western Panhandle.
Exploitation trajectory of a declining fauna: a century of freshwater mussel fisheries in North America

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) have been an economically valuable biological resource in North America since the mid-1800s. Although the industries based upon mussel harvest are quite distinct from one another, the trends apparent in harvest statistics are remarkably similar among each successive harvest era. Whether fished for freshwater pearls, button production, or cultured pearl production, market factors have driven commercial harvests while the life history and ecology of mussels have been largely ignored. Annual yields of freshwater mussels are declining throughout the United States and catch per unit effort (CPUE) has declined dramatically in some of the most important American mussel fisheries. Harvest statistics indicate that mussel populations are dangerously depleted due to the erosion of the latest industry based upon their harvest. It seems likely that the exhaustive harvests of both the distant and recent past, coupled with habitat loss and degradation, have left North American un...
An Integrated Framework of Population Change: Influential Factors, Spatial Dynamics, and Temporal Variation

Population change has been studied in the fields of human ecology, population geography, environmental sociology, transportation planning, and regional economics, which make unique contributions to theorizing and modeling population change. Drawing upon this diverse literature, we develop an integrated framework for understanding population change in this review paper. The proposed framework is composed of five putative influences (demographic characteristics, socio-economic conditions, transportation accessibility, natural amenities, and land development) analyzed across three dimensions—these influential factors of population change conditioned by spatial dynamics and temporal variation. We also proposed a practical procedure for tackling the complexity between population change and influential factors. This integrated framework has potential to complement existing population research approaches employed within individual disciplines.
Optimal Control of Battery Energy Storage for Wind Farm Dispatching

Integrating a battery energy storage system (BESS) with a large wind farm can make a wind farm more dispatchable. This paper focuses on development of a control strategy for optimal use of the BESS for this purpose. The paper considers an open-loop optimal control scheme to incorporate the operating constraints of the BESS, such as state of charge limits, charge/discharge current limits, and lifetime. The goal of the control is to have the BESS to provide as much smoothing as possible, so that the wind farm can be dispatched on an hourly basis based on the forecasted wind conditions. The effectiveness of this control strategy has been tested by using an actual wind farm data. Furthermore, a real-time implementation strategy using model predictive control is also proposed. Finally, it is shown that the control strategy is very important in improving the BESS performance for this application.
Site-specific acetylation by p300 or CREB binding protein regulates erythroid Krüppel-like factor transcriptional activity via its interaction with the SWI-SNF complex.

Recruitment of modifiers and remodelers to specific DNA sites within chromatin plays a critical role in controlling gene expression. The study of globin gene regulation provides a convergence point within which to address these issues in the context of tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression. In this regard, erythroid Kruppel-like factor (EKLF) is critical. EKLF is a red cell-specific activator whose presence is crucial for establishment of the correct chromatin structure and high-level transcriptional induction of adult β-globin. We now find, by metabolic labeling-immunoprecipitation experiments, that EKLF is acetylated in the erythroid cell. EKLF residues acetylated by CREB binding protein (CBP) in vitro map to Lys-288 in its transactivation domain and Lys-302 in its zinc finger domain. Although site-specific DNA binding by EKLF is unaffected by the acetylation status of either of these lysines, directed mutagenesis of Lys-288 (but not Lys-302) decreases the ability of EKLF to transactivate the β-globin promoter in vivo and renders it unable to be superactivated by coexpressed p300 or CBP. In addition, the acetyltransferase function of CBP or p300 is required for superactivation of wild-type EKLF. Finally, acetylated EKLF has a higher affinity for the SWI-SNF chromatin remodeling complex and is a more potent transcriptional activator of chromatin-assembled templates in vitro. These results demonstrate that the acetylation status of EKLF is critical for its optimal activity and suggest a mechanism by which EKLF acts as an integrator of remodeling and transcriptional components to alter chromatin structure and induce adult β-globin expression within the β-like globin cluster.
A new analysis method for early detection and prevention of cascading events

This paper introduces a new analysis method for early detection and prevention of power system cascading events. It uses the vulnerability index (VI) and margin index (MI) to evaluate the vulnerability and security of the individual system parts, as well as the whole system during an operating state. It identifies the vulnerable parts of the power system using the topology processing and operation index methods. For a given disturbance, it calculates the power flow, evaluates the vulnerability and security, identifies the vulnerable part, finds the transmission line overload and bus voltage problems, and predicts the possible successive events. The approach defines the control means using the following methods for early detection and prevention of cascading events: network contribution factor (NCF), generator distribution factor (GDF), load distribution factor (LDF), and selected minimum load shedding (SMLS). This approach has been tested using the IEEE RTS-96 24-bus system and promising results have been obtained. The proposed approach allows the power system operator to detect initial stages of cascading events and assert actions that will prevent such events from unfolding.
The path to closeness A mediational model for overcoming the risks of increasing closeness

Relationships are strongly influenced by the perceptions of how one’s partner feels about oneself, yet little is known about the nature of these perceptions or how they relate to outcomes. This study introduces a construct: perceived inclusion of the other in the self (IOS-perceived). IOS-perceived extends the “inclusion of the other in the self” (IOS) model to incorporate one’s perception of the extent to which the partner includes one in his or her self-concept. This article proposes a mediational model in which perceptions of partner satisfaction lead to IOS-perceived, which in turn leads to IOS. Two studies, one including an implicit measure of IOS, provide strong support for the proposed model.
Switching from automatic to controlled action by monkey medial frontal cortex

Human behavior is mostly composed of habitual actions that require little conscious control. Such actions may become invalid if the environment changes, at which point individuals need to switch behavior by overcoming habitual actions that are otherwise triggered automatically. It is unknown how the brain controls this type of behavioral switching. Here we show that the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) in the medial frontal cortex has a function in switching from automatic to volitionally controlled action in rhesus macaque monkeys. We found that a group of pre-SMA neurons was selectively activated when subjects successfully switched to a controlled alternative action. Electrical stimulation in the pre-SMA replaced automatic incorrect responses with slower correct responses. A further test suggested that the pre-SMA enabled switching by first suppressing an automatic unwanted action and then boosting a controlled desired action. Our data suggest that the pre-SMA resolves response conflict so that the desired action can be selected.
Graphical evaluation of mixture-process variable designs within a split-plot structure

In mixture-process variable experiments, the number of runs can become prohibitively large as the number of variables (process or mixture) increases. In addition, some variables can be hard-to-change due to practical or economical considerations. In these cases, the split-plot design is often used to overcome the restricted randomisation problem. In this paper, fraction of design space (FDS) plots for a mixture-process variable design within a split-plot structure are developed and demonstrated. FDS plots are used to evaluate the prediction capability of various designs. Sliced FDS plots are presented to show the influence of mixture variables and process variables on the prediction variance over the design space.
Blunted Rostral Anterior Cingulate Response During a Simplified Decoding Task of Negative Emotional Facial Expressions in Alcoholic Patients

Background: Alcoholism is characterized by deficits in emotional functioning as well as by deficits in cognitive functioning. However, most brain imaging research on alcoholism has focused on cognition rather than emotion. Method: We used an event-related functional magnetic imaging approach to examine alcoholics’ brain blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response to evaluation of emotional stimuli and to compare their response to that of nonalcoholic controls. The task used was a simplified variant of a facial emotion-decoding task in which subjects determined the intensity level of a target emotion displayed as a facial expression. Facial expressions of happy, sad, anger, disgust, and fear were used as stimuli. Results: Alcoholics and controls did not differ in accurately identifying the intensity level on the simple emotional decoding task but there were significant differences in their BOLD response during evaluation of facial emotion. In general, alcoholics showed less brain activation than nonalcoholic controls. The greatest differences in activation were during decoding of facial expressions of fear and disgust during which alcoholics had significantly less activation than controls in the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Alcoholics also had significantly less activation than controls in the affective division of the ACC, while viewing sad faces. Only to facial expressions of anger did the alcoholics show significant activation in the affective ACC and in this case, their BOLD response did not significantly differ from that of the controls. Conclusion: Alcoholics show a deficit in the function of the affective division of the ACC during evaluation of negative facial emotions that can serve as cues for flight or avoidance. This deficit may underlie some of the behavioral dysfunction in alcoholism.