cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships between mathematical knowledge for teaching and teaching practice: the case of proof

Teachers of mathematics orchestrate opportunities for interactions between learners and subject matter. Therefore, mathematics teachers need rich, multidimensional content knowledge for teaching mathematics, which incorporates knowledge of the subject matter, students, and teaching. Studying this mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) necessitates more than a unidirectional assessment. In this study, the mathematical knowledge for teaching reasoning and proving of two secondary mathematics teachers was investigated through classroom observations and clinical assessments. Results indicate that using MKT as a frame for examining classroom practice, in addition to assessing the MKT a teacher possesses in a clinical setting, provides an in-depth and innovative method for investigating MKT. The comparison of the two cases also identifies student positioning as a key mediating factor between MKT and opportunities to learn. Implications for using MKT as a lens for examining practice in teacher education are discussed.
Buffer gas cooling and trapping of atoms with small effective magnetic moments

We have extended buffer gas cooling to trap atoms with small effective magnetic moments μeff. For μeff ≥ 3μB, 1012 atoms were buffer gas cooled, trapped, and thermally isolated in ultra high vacuum with roughly unit efficiency. For μeff < 3μB, the fraction of atoms remaining after full thermal isolation was limited by two processes: wind from the rapid removal of the buffer gas and desorbing helium films. In our current apparatus we trap atoms with μeff ≥ 1μB, and thermally isolate atoms with μeff ≥ 1.8μB. This triples the number of atomic species which can be buffer gas cooled and trapped in thermal isolation. Extrapolation of our results and simulations of the loss processes indicate that it is possible to trap and evaporatively cool 1μB atoms using buffer gas cooling.
Pension Fund Trading and Stock Returns

Managers investing on behalf of pension plan sponsors (i.e. pension funds) face greater fiduciary responsibilities and more stringent investment mandates than mutual funds. These constraints may reduce the information content of pension fund trading. Consistent with this view, we find that the stocks most heavily bought by pension funds subsequently significantly underperform the stocks most heavily sold by pension funds. We find no such pattern for mutual funds. Moreover, we identify a subset of managers who trade on behalf of both pension plan sponsors and other clients (e.g. retail investors), and we find that their trading on behalf of plan sponsors is significantly less informative than their trading for other clients.
“Many Students Really Do Not Yet Know How to Behave!”: The Syllabus as a Tool for Socialization

This study analyzes the content and discursive strategies within 39 introductory-level sociology course syllabi published in TRAILS, the Teaching Resources and Innovations Library of the American S...
Evidence of a functional VIP receptor in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium.

The effect of VIP on the intracellular cyclic AMP of human retinal pigment epithelium cultures has been studied. Functional VIP receptor has been demonstrated in cultures from eyes given by five normal donors (age 16-64) (N-HRPE). But it has been found to be absent from high passage number cultures obtained from a retinitis pigmentosa eye of an 84-year-old patient (RP-HRPE). After 3 min of reaction with 1.10−6M VIP, the intracellular cyclic AMP level has increased to 5-15-fold over the basal level. The maximal effect of VIP (20-fold over the basal level) has been observed at 1±10−7 M VIP. The half maximal activity of VIP is 3-5 ± 10−8 M. The present study also demonstrates the inducibility of the VIP responsiveness in RP-HRPE cultures after they have been treated with butyrate.
Judging and Evaluating Range and Pasture Forage Utilization (Proper Grazing Use) for Certain Portions of the Central Great Plains

On the Ground Many guidance documents and references have been prepared by federal and state agencies on proper grazing use. This article summarizes these documents for use by field personnel. Proper grazing use or acceptable forage utilization can be judged by the use of key forage plants in designated key grazing areas.
Real-time, unobtrusive, and efficient program execution tracing with stream caches and last stream predictors

This paper introduces a new hardware mechanism for capturing and compressing program execution traces unobtrusively in real-time. The proposed mechanism is based on two structures called stream cache and last stream predictor. We explore the effectiveness of a trace module based on these structures and analyze the design space. We show that our trace module, with less than 600 bytes of state, achieves a trace-port bandwidth of 0.15 bits/instruction/processor, which is over six times better than state-of-the-art commercial designs.
The Institute of Medicine's report on medical error. Implications for pathology.

Abstract Context.—During the past several years, more attention has been focused on the topics of medical error and patient safety than in the past. At the end of 1999, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a seminal report concerning medical error in the United States; this report will have sweeping implications for all disciplines of medicine, including pathology. Objective.—To review the major findings of the IOM report on medical error and to discuss their implications for the field of pathology. Methods.—Review of the IOM report on medical error and discussion of other relevant literature on medical error. Results.—The IOM report on medical error highlights an unacceptable rate of medical error in the United States and mandates a 50% reduction in medical error during the next 5 years. It recommends regulatory solutions to this problem, as well as organizational approaches to error reduction. It proposes both mandatory and voluntary systems for reporting of medical error. The report suggests that ...
An alternate approach for surgical dressing of bone-anchored hearing aid abutment sites.

Objective: To present an alternative surgical dressing for bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) abutment sites, comparing it with the manufacturer's recommended “healing cap” in terms of split thickness skin graft (STSG) survival. Study Design and Setting: A retrospective review of 30 patients who underwent unilateral BAHA implantation at a tertiary referral center. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the surgical dressing for the BAHA abutment site. Group 1 had a “healing cap” dressing, and group 2 had a bolster dressing. STSG survival was evaluated. Results: Between May 2002 and July 2006, 30 patients underwent BAHA implantation. Seven patients received the “healing cap” dressing, and 23 patients received the bolster dressing. There was 100% STSG survival in the bolster dressing group and 71% skin graft survival in the healing cap group (P = .048). Conclusion: A traditional bolster dressing had improved STSG survival as compared with the manufacturer's recommended “healing cap.” Additional benefits of a bolster are that it is maintenance free, well suited for noncompliant patients, and inexpensive.
Supporting Personal Health Devices through Standardization and collaboration

This paper describes work underway in the IEEE 11073 Personal Health Devices work group to create standards for personal health devices. It covers the domains and usage models that are supported, provides an overview of the IEEE 11073 personal health device suite of standards, and then discusses collaborations that are underway with other organizations wishing to utilize the standards.
Characterizations and optimization of electrical contact between nanocomposite elastomer and metal

Nanocomposite elastomer is an exciting, emerging class of materials for polymer MEMS sensors and actuators [1–3]. It is made by mixing electrically conducting particles (e.g., carbon nanotubes) in regular, nonconducting elastomer (e.g., PDMS) beyond percolation limit. The bulk resistance of the polymer is a function of particle doping concentration and other parameters (e.g., applied stress). The electrical contact between this material and patterned electrodes is crucial for future device performance but has not been systematically investigated in the past. In this work, we present comprehensive characterization of contact resistance between the nanocomposite elastomer and metal electrodes. We report the I-V and drift properties under different applied pressure. We discovered that liquid metal alloy (Galinstan: 68.5% Ga, 21.5% In, 10% Sn) could be used to drastically reduce the contact resistance and eliminate long term drift from 20% to below 2%.
Tuning of fiber lasers by use of a single-mode biconic fiber taper

We report a novel scheme to build a compact, tunable fiber laser. The tuning mechanism is based on the transmission property of a single-mode biconic fiber taper. While pulling the taper, we observe oscillations in the transmitted optical power that are due primarily to interference between a pair of excited modes within the tapered region, which are eventually coupled into the unstretched single-mode fiber at the end of the taper. A similar mechanism causes the modulation of the transmitted optical spectrum after the taper has been pulled and stabilized. It is this spectral modulation by the taper that is exploited here to control the wavelength of a fiber laser. The modulation can be adjusted by stretching the taper, thus enabling the tuning of the laser wavelength. We have built a 32 mW Er-doped tunable ring fiber laser with a continuous tuning range of over 20 nm and a signal-to-noise ratio of better than 45 dB over the entire tuning range; our output power is limited only by the available pump power.
Clinical trials registries are under-utilized in the conduct of systematic reviews: a cross-sectional analysis

Publication bias is a major threat to the validity of systematic reviews. Searches of clinical trials registries can help to identify unpublished trials, though little is known about how often these resources are utilized. We assessed the usage and results of registry searches reported in systematic reviews published in major general medical journals. This cross-sectional analysis includes data from systematic reviews assessing medical interventions which were published in one of six major general medical journals between July 2012 and June 2013. Two authors independently examined each published systematic review and all available supplementary materials to determine whether at least one clinical trials registry was searched. Of the 117 included systematic reviews, 41 (35%) reported searching a trials registry. Of the 29 reviews which also provided detailed registry search results, 15 (52%) identified at least one completed trial and 18 (62%) identified at least one ongoing trial. Clinical trials registry searches are not routinely included in systematic reviews published in major medical journals. Routine examination of registry databases may allow a more accurate characterization of publication and outcome reporting biases and improve the validity of estimated effects of medical treatments.
Assessing academic performance between traditional and distance education course formats

The goal of this study was to explore whether differences in student academic indicators exist between taking a course face-to-face (F2F) and taking a course via distance education (DE). Three hundred and eighty five students were enrolled in a course offered, both, as F2F (n = 116) and as DE (n = 269). Course content, instructor, textbook adopted, and assessment methods were consistent between the two course delivery formats. Final grades, DFW rates, and end of term course and instructor evaluations were used as the outcome indicators. In addition, student demographic information was factored into data analyses. Results indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in final grade, DFW rates, and end of term course evaluation response rates between the course offerings. Further analysis suggested that freshman grade performance was significantly different between course offerings. Implications and policy suggestions regarding distance education will be discussed.
Income, Homeownership and Residential Assorting among Latinos in the US

This study examines the 2000 Public Use Microdata 5% Sample to ascertain the relationship between income, residential assorting and homeownership for those of Latino origin (N = 46,024). Using logistic and ordinary least squares regression to ascertain the relationship between income and homeownership, I find that income has a disproportionate impact on the odds of owning a home and how ethnically similar the area Hispanics live for all five ethnic groups. In addition, income has a significant impact on the extent of ethnic clustering in the area Hispanics live. I conclude that income is a highly significant mediator of the relationship between ethnicity and both homeownership and residential assorting. The results illustrate that ethnic differences in income also impact ethnic differences in residential assorting, an extension to the emerging literature that racial differences in income impact racial differences in residential location.
A genetic polymorphism of MAO-B modifies the association of cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease

In a population-based case-control study, we found a reversal of the association of cigarette smoking with Parkinson9s disease (PD) in relation to the monoamine oxidase B intron 13 genetic polymorphism. A reduced PD risk related to pack-years of smoking was detected for persons with the G allele, whereas an opposite effect was found among persons with the A allele. These results indicate an unexplained interaction between cigarette smoking and this genetic polymorphism.
Performance analysis of a cross-frequency detector of pulsed sinusoidal RFI in Microwave Radiometry

The performance of a cross-frequency detector against pulsed sinusoidal Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is analyzed theoretically. The effects of duty cycle and RFI strength are examined, and the detection performance of the cross-frequency algorithm is compared with that achieved by pulse and kurtosis detectors. The performance loss that occurs in the cross-frequency algorithm when an RFI source is not centered in a frequency channel is also quantified, and a computationally simple model for this loss is described.
Factors of interpersonal behavior and judgment in social groups.

This study explored dimensions which are used to describe persons within closely-knit social groups. Ss in the group were similar in socio-economic status and used two independent dimensions in des...
Expanding the Chemistry of Molecular U2+ Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of the {[C5H3(SiMe3)2]3U}− Anion

The synthesis of new molecular complexes of U(2+) has been pursued to make comparisons in structure, physical properties, and reactivity with the first U(2+) complex, [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp'3 U], 1 (Cp'=C5 H4 SiMe3 ). Reduction of Cp''3 U [Cp''=C5 H3 (SiMe3 )2 ] with KC8 in the presence of 2.2.2-cryptand or 18-crown-6 generates [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp''3 U], 2-K(crypt), or [K(18-crown-6)(THF)2 ][Cp''3 U], 2-K(18c6), respectively. The UV/Vis spectra of 2-K and 1 are similar, and they are much more intense than those of U(3+) analogues. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility data for 1 and 2-K(crypt) reveal lower room temperature χM T values relative to the experimental values for the 5f(3) U(3+) precursors. Stability studies monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy show that 2-K(crypt) and 2-K(18c6) have t1/2 values of 20 and 15 h at room temperature, respectively, vs. 1.5 h for 1. Complex 2-K(18c6) reacts with H2 or PhSiH3 to form the uranium hydride, [K(18-crown-6)(THF)2 ][Cp''3 UH], 3. Complexes 1 and 2-K(18c6) both reduce cyclooctatetraene to form uranocene, (C8 H8 )2 U, as well as the U(3+) byproducts [K(2.2.2-cryptand)][Cp'4 U], 4, and Cp''3 U, respectively.
NUCLEIC ACID HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES WITHIN THE GENUS CUCURBITA

The DNAs of Cucurbita species were examined by several methods. All Cucurbita DNAs have a similar CsCl isopycnic banding pattern consisting of a major band at 1.695 g/cc and a well separated satellite band at 1.707 g/cc. Compared to other plant and animal genera, Cucurbita species have a large genomic proportion of rDNA; this value ranging from 1.4% to 3.1%. The genomic proportion of rDNA was found not to be useful as a characteristic indicating degree of relatedness of the various Cucurbita species. However, Cucurbita DNAs can be distinguished by the extent to which their repetitive sequences cross-hybridize to each other and an assessment of species relationships can be made on this basis.
12 Bariatric Surgery: Patient Safety and Quality Improvement

There is increasing emphasis on quality, value, and transparency in healthcare. Quality improvement initiatives and attention to process improvement within bariatric programs are critical to performing bariatric surgery in the modern environment. Increased attention to quality measures, outcome reporting, and risk adjustment is expected in the field of bariatric surgery in the coming years. Understanding the key concepts and trends regarding patient safety and participating in accreditation and quality improvement programs are important for the continued success of any bariatric surgery program.
Functions of Biotin in Enzyme Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the functions of biotin in enzyme systems. Biotin serves an important role in several enzyme systems, namely the decarboxylases of oxalacetate and succinate, the deaminases of aspartic acid, serine, and threonine, succinic acid dehydrogenase, and the synthesis of citrulline. In addition to these functions, this vitamin is somehow related to carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism and to the amino acid oxidases. Delwiche has presented data demonstrating that biotin is concerned with the decarboxylation of succinic acid to propionic acid. He employed a strain of P. pentosaceum grown on a chemically defined medium deficient in biotin. Resting cell suspensions prepared from organisms grown under these conditions were deficient in the production of carbon dioxide from added succinate, and the addition of biotin consistently more than doubled the decarboxylation rate. Hydrolysis of bound biotin yields a substance not identical with biotinic acid and exhibiting a profound stability to acid treatment. One of these complexes appears to stimulate the partially resolved decarboxylases of oxalacetate and succinate, and the deaminases of aspartic acid, serine, and threonine, thus replacing biotin in five of the enzyme systems known to be controlled by this vitamin.
Evolutionary potential for increased invasiveness: High-Performance Polygonum cespitosum genotypes are competitively superior in full sun

PREMISE OF STUDY The presence of genetic variation for traits that contribute to ecological range expansion can provide the potential for introduced taxa to evolve greater invasiveness. Genotypes that contribute to the spread of introduced range populations must have the ability to maintain fitness under changing environmental stress and competitive intensity. Previously, we identified a subset of genotypes in populations of the invasive annual Polygonum cespitosum that express consistently high reproductive fitness in diverse (shaded, dry, and resource-rich) conditions. Here, we investigated whether these broadly adaptive (High-Performance) genotypes also show a competitive advantage over conspecifics in full sun and/or shade. METHODS We grew a population-balanced sample of 13 High-Performance and 13 'Control' genotypes in intraspecific competitive arrays, comprising all four possible combinations of High-Performance vs. Control target plants and competitive backgrounds, in both full sun and shaded glasshouse environments. KEY RESULTS In full sun, High-Performance genotypes (1) better maintained growth and reproductive output despite competition and (2) more strongly suppressed growth and reproduction of target plants. However, genotypes did not differ significantly in shade. CONCLUSIONS Competitive superiority in open conditions may contribute to increasing predominance of these broadly adapted genotypes in introduced-range Polygonum cespitosum populations, and hence to the evolution of greater invasiveness. This study provides insight into the role of genotypic variation for ecological traits in the range expansion of a contemporary plant invader. It also highlights how such variation can be differently expressed in alternative environments (gene by environment interaction).
Creep Deformation Studies in Directionally Solidified MoSi2-Mo5Si3 Eutectics

The high temperature deformation behavior of directionally solidified (DS) MoSi2-Mo5Si3 eutectics was studied and compared to powder processed MoSi2-Mo5Si3 composites having the same volume fraction of Mo5Si3. Decremental step strain rate tests were performed in the temperature range of 1100–1300°C and at strain rates between 10−4 to 10−6/s. A considerable increase in the flow stress was observed for the directionally solidified material. At 1200°C and a strain rate of 10−6/s the flow stress of the DS eutectic was 255 MPa as compared to 20 MPa for the powder processed composite. The high temperature strength of the DS eutectic was unaffected by changes in the scale of the lamellar micro-structure and these results were modeled using a constitutive relation for power law creep. A stress exponent of 4.5 and an activation energy of 300 kJ/mol was determined for the DS eutectic. Evidence of dislocation glide and climb was observed in the MoSi2 lamellae whereas the dislocation density was small in the Mo5Si3 phase. The improved creep strength of the eutectic is believed to be a result of both the fibrous morphology and a stronger interface structure as compared to the powder processed composite.
Convergent Planning

We propose a number of “divergence metrics” to quantify the robustness of a trajectory to state uncertainty for under-actuated or under-sensed systems. These metrics are inspired by contraction analysis and we demonstrate their use to guide randomized planners toward more convergent trajectories through three extensions to the kinodynamic RRT. The first strictly thresholds action selection based on these metrics, forcing the planner to find a solution that lies within a contraction region over which all initial conditions converge exponentially to a single trajectory. However, finding such a monotonically contracting plan is not always possible. Thus, we propose a second method that relaxes these strict requirements to find “convergent” (i.e., low-divergence) plans. The third algorithm uses these metrics for postplanning path selection. Two examples test the ability of these metrics to lead the planners to more robust trajectories: a mobile robot climbing a hill and a manipulator rearranging objects on a table.
Image Discovery and Insertion for Custom Publishing

Images in reading materials make the content come alive. Aside from providing additional information to the text, reading mate- rial containing illustration engages our spatial memory, increases memory retention of the material. However, despite the plethora of available multimedia, adding illustrations to text continues to be a difficult task for the amateur content publisher. To address this problem, we present a semantic-aware image discovery and in- sertion system for custom publishing. Compared to image search engines, our system has the advantage of being able to discern a- mong different topics within a long text passage and recommend the most relevant images for each detected topic with semantic "vi- sual words" based relevance.
Imaging Atherosclerosis for Global Predictive Health and Wellness.

Age shifts have drastically changed the landscape of the U.S. population with nearly 1 in every 7 Americans being 65 years of age and older [(1)][1]. As the population ages, the impact on the health care system is expected to be dramatic, in particular as it relates to the care of patients with
“I Do This for All of the Reasons America Doesn't Want Me To”: The Organic Pedagogies of Black Male Instructors

ABSTRACTThis article examines the teaching philosophies of Black male teachers of Black male students in manhood development classes in a district-wide program in Oakland, California. Drawing on observations and instructor interview data, we explore the teachers’ histories, teaching philosophies, and the trajectory of their racial-educational understandings. We utilize Gramsci's (1971) theory of the organic intellectual, Mills’ (1997) and Leonardo's (2013) theories of the subperson and substudent, and Dumas’ (2014) notion of Black suffering to theorize the ways that race comes into play in the teaching of African American male students. We find that racialization and re-humanization are key to instructors’ teaching, and we identify two key aspects of their teaching philosophies: (1) Humanization/Love and (2) Reciprocity.
Insect visitation rates and foraging patterns differ in androdioecious and hermaphrodite-only populations of Laguncularia racemosa (Combretaceae) in Florida

Insect-pollinated Laguncularia racemosa has a variable breeding system; some populations are androdioecious, with male and hermaphroditic plants, while others lack male plants. We observed the foraging behaviours of insects in three androdioecious and three hermaphrodite-only populations of L. racemosa in Florida. In each population, insect visitation rates were estimated from 30–108 timed intervals. We recorded the number of flowers visited by 144–224 insects during foraging bouts made to 15–40 male and hermaphroditic plants. Male plants in androdioecious populations had significantly more visitors than hermaphroditic plants, increasing the number of vectors carrying pollen from male plants. Further, many insects visited few flowers during foraging bouts, which should increase outcrossing frequency. According to mathematical models, male plants benefit from these combined factors. Plants in hermaphrodite-only populations had significantly more visitors than hermaphroditic plants in androdioecious populations. Proportionately more insects visited many flowers during foraging bouts in hermaphrodite-only versus androdioecious populations. The increased likelihood of geitonogamous self-pollination could help explain the lack of male plants in hermaphrodite-only populations. Differences in pollinator assemblages and the relative abundances of several species were responsible for differences in foraging behaviours: Apis mellifera, Bombus sp., Melissodes sp., Xylocopa sp., Euodynerus sp. and a calliphorid species.
Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in Fresh Apples and Caramel Apples

ABSTRACT An outbreak of listeriosis in late 2014 and early 2015 associated with caramel apples led to questions about how this product became a vector for Listeria monocytogenes. This investigation aimed to determine information about the survival and growth of L. monocytogenes in both fresh apples and caramel apples, specifically examining the effects of site and level of inoculation, inoculum drying conditions, and storage temperature. At a high inoculation level (7 log CFU per apple), L. monocytogenes inoculated at the stem end proliferated on Gala caramel apples at both 5 and 25°C and on Granny Smith caramel apples at 25°C by as much as 3 to 5 log CFU per apple. Fresh apples and caramel apples inoculated at the equatorial surface supported survival but not growth of the pathogen. Growth rates (μmax) for apples inoculated at the stem end, as determined using the Baranyi and Roberts growth model, were 1.64 ± 0.27 and 1.38 ± 0.20 log CFU per apple per day for Gala and Granny Smith caramel apples, respect...
Review: Stent fracture in the drug-eluting stent era☆

Stent fracture has been recognized as one cause of stent failure and has been associated with in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis, even in 2nd-generation drug-eluting stents. Given the wide use of drug-eluting stents and paucity of contemporary data available concerning stent fracture, we reviewed clinical studies and the Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Device Experience (MAUDE) database to analyze the current trends, mechanisms, predictors, outcomes and treatment for stent fracture.
Sampling Biases Associated with Driver Distraction Tasks in a Simulated Environment

Participants recruited for driving simulator studies may need to be excluded if they fail to complete the study as designed. The data that is analyzed therefore includes a sampling bias that is not typically considered but important to recognize. This sampling bias was examined using a study involving five data collection sites in the US. The goal of the original study was to examine the effectiveness of a forward collision warning system. A distracting task is part of the study protocol to divert drivers’ attention away from the braking lights of the forward vehicle. In this experiment, two groups of participants became ineligible for further data analysis: (1) conservative drivers who had difficulty being artificially distracted and (2) risky drivers who did not maintain vehicle control while distracted. Two separate binary logit models were used to identify factors associated with these two driver types. As age increased, drivers were more likely to be in one of these driver types and are therefore, li...
Origin of stretched-exponential photoluminescence relaxation in size-separated silicon nanocrystals

A detailed understanding of the photoluminescence (PL) from silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) is convoluted by the complexity of the decay mechanism, including a stretched-exponential relaxation and the presence of both nanosecond and microsecond time scales. In this publication, we analyze the microsecond PL decay of size-resolved SiNC fractions in both full-spectrum (FS) and spectrally resolved (SR) configurations, where the stretching exponent and lifetime are used to deduce a probability distribution function (PDF) of decay rates. For the PL decay measured at peak emission, we find a systematic shift and narrowing of the PDF in comparison to the FS measurements. In a similar fashion, we resolve the PL lifetime of the ‘blue’, ‘peak’, and ‘red’ regions of the spectrum and map PL decays of different photon energy onto their corresponding location in the PDF. A general trend is observed where higher and lower photon energies are correlated with shorter and longer lifetimes, respectively, which we relate to the...
Glutamate metabolism in temporal lobe epilepsy as revealed by dynamic proton MRS following the infusion of [U 13 -C] glucose

Focal metabolic dysfunction commonly observed in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and is associated with the development of medical intractability and neurocognitive deficits. It has not been established if this dysfunction is due to cell loss or biochemical dysfunction in metabolic pathways. To explore this question, dynamic 1H MRS following an infusion of [U13- C] glucose was performed to measure glutamate (Glu) metabolism. Subjects (n=6) showed reduced Glu levels (p<0.01) in the ipsilateral mesial temporal lobe (MTL) compared with controls (n=4). However, the rate of 13C incorporation into Glu did not differ between those with epilepsy and controls (p=0.77). This suggests that reduced Glu concentrations in the region of the seizure focus are not due to disruptions in metabolic pathways, but may instead be due to neuronal loss or simplification.
Frozen Section Evaluation of Margin Status in Primary Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck: A Correlation Study of Frozen Section and Final Diagnoses

Frozen section is routinely used for intraoperative margin evaluation in carcinomas of the head and neck. We studied a series of frozen sections performed for margin status of head and neck tumors to determine diagnostic accuracy. All frozen sections for margin control of squamous carcinomas of the head and neck were studied from a 66 month period. Frozen and permanent section diagnoses were classified as negative or malignant. Correlation of diagnoses was performed to determine accuracy. One thousand seven hundred and ninety-six pairs of frozen section and corresponding permanent section diagnoses were obtained. Discordances were found in 55 (3.1%) pairs. In 35 pairs (1.9%), frozen section was reported as benign, but permanent sections disclosed carcinoma. In 21 cases, the discrepancy was due to sampling and in the remaining cases it was an interpretive error. In 20 cases (1.1%), frozen section was malignant, but the permanent section was interpreted as negative. Frozen section is an accurate method for evaluation of operative margins for head and neck carcinomas with concordance between frozen and permanent results of 97%. Most errors are false negative results with the majority of these being due to sampling issues.
Accounting for State Authorization in Local Economic Development Policy Usage

This article empirically tests the impact of failing to account for state-level authorization when explaining the factors that lead municipalities to use tax abatements, tax increment financing, and enterprise zones. Although existing research implicitly assumes that state-level authorization exists, this article demonstrates that this unfounded assumption leads to biased estimates using the 1999, 2004, and 2009 International City/County Management Association (ICMA) Economic Development Survey data on a nationwide set of municipalities. This article refines what is known about the factors, leading to the usage of these three policies before offering implications for practitioners and researchers of local economic development.
DNA methylation and histone modifications in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression in colorectal cancer

4167 Histone modifications and DNA methylation have been functionally linked to transcription in selected genes in normal to cancer cells. To increase understanding of the interrelations between these two major epigenetic mechanisms, we studied nine residues of histone H3 and H4 and DNA methylation status at 13 loci in two colon cancer cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed clear distinctions in the pattern of histone modification between active and silenced genes. Methylation at histone H3 lysine (K) 4 and acetylation at histone H3-K9, H3-K14, H4-K5, H4-K8 and H4-K12 were moderately to substantially higher in active genes than in silenced genes. Among these modifications, levels of methylation on histone H3-K4 and acetylation on histone H3-K9 were most consistently higher in active genes. The average fold of relative precipitated enriched H3-K4 methylation was 1.07 versus 0.38 in active genes versus silenced genes (p
Development of a One-Month-Long, Westward-Propagating Subtropical Low in Boreal Summer

AbstractA strong MJO event produced an upper-tropospheric jet streak in northeast Asia and repeated wave breaking in the jet exit region along 150°E during July 1988. A midlatitude low moved equatorward and intensified in the presence of bandpass-filtered (15–100 day) Q vector forcing for upward motion associated with the wave breaking. This forced ascent helped to moisten the atmosphere enough to increase the column water vapor to above 55 mm. This value was sufficiently large to support a self-sustaining low even after the upper forcing weakened. The horizontal scale of the Q vector forcing was about 1500 km, consistent with the scale of most favorable convective response to quasigeostrophic forcing in the subtropics described by Nie and Sobel. The low lasted one month as it moved southwestward, then westward, while remaining north of 20°N. Maximum precipitation along the track of the low exceeded 700 mm, with an anomaly more than 400 mm. A climatology of long-lasting lows was carried out for the monsoo...
The Hörmander Proof of the Bourgain–Milman Theorem

We give a proof of the Bourgain–Milman theorem based on Hormander’s Existence Theorem for solutions of the \(\bar{\partial }\)-problem.
Eliminating the Chaff—Again Banquet Speech at Marktoberdorf 1996

I was asked to speak at this banquet at a rather late date. In order to make preparation easy, I did what any self-respecting software engineer does: reuse an already-produced component—with changes to fit the new context. At Marktoberdorf 1978, the formal development of algorithms was a hot topic, discussed with religious fervor by those for and against. Yesterday, traces of that fervor cropped up in the discussion of operational reasoning versus formal proof development. At Marktoberdorf 1978, I delivered a sermon on the new religion of formal algorithm development, called “Eliminating the Chaff”. This sermon is the component that I will reuse. “Chaff”, by the way, is what you get when you thresh wheat to get the kernels—the chaff is the garbage that is thrown away.
Behavioral and Community Interventions during Transition to Parenthood

When dealing with primary prevention interventions, behavioral-community practitioners can select classical conditioning, operant, modeling, or cognitive restructuring strategies either to (1) prevent the onset of specific disorders; (2) ensure that children from high-risk populations do not succumb to disorders; (3) strengthen competences to enable people to better withstand life stresses; or (4) help individuals cope with major transitions (Glenwick & Jason, 1980; Jason, 1980). Primary preventive interventions might also focus on using activist or consultative tactics to stimulate the formation of both formal or informal support groups in the community (Gottlieb, in press).
Giant symptomatic gastric lipoma: A case report and literature review.

Abstract Introduction Lipomas are uncommon tumors of the gastrointestinal tract; gastric lipomas account for Case presentation Our patient is a 58-year-old African American male with a 3 cm gastric mass incidentally found on CT in 2010. In September of 2017, the patient presented with severe epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. Abdominal CT scan revealed an increase in size of the patient’s gastric lesion to 7.2 × 10.3 × 7.3 cm. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy with transverse anterior gastrotomy and primary closure. Pathologic examination revealed a 12 cm submucosal, well-circumscribed, non-encapsulated mass comprised of mature adipose tissue without atypia or mitotic figures, consistent with lipoma. Discussion The majority of gastric lipomas are asymptomatic, identified on CT scan as round/ovoid masses with low attenuation and homogenous appearance, measuring −80 to −120 Hounsfield units. These findings are nearly pathognomonic. Due to the benign nature of gastric lipomas, circumferential excision with a clear margin of normal tissue is adequate for symptomatic resection. This is the second report of giant gastric lipoma excised with continuity preserving partial gastrectomy, avoiding gastrojejunostomy complications. Conclusion Fatty tumors are rare in the gastrointestinal tract, yet lipomas must be on the differential when masses are found with Hounsfield units similar to peripheral fat.
A BIM Based Simulation Framework for Fire Evacuation Planning

This study implements Building Information Modeling (BIM) for conducting a simulation design involving the technologies of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Agent Based Modeling (ABM) to foresee the relationship between evacuators’ mortality and building layout design. The goals of this paper are to investigate (1) how to predict the building’s Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) by using FDS software; (2) how to reflect the evacuation behavior within an ABM simulation; (3) how would the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET) be impacted by the building properties, fire properties, and human behavior. By making a comparison between ASET and RSET, the optimized building layout design that reflects minimum RSET can be chosen. And finally, BIM serves as the environment to visualize the results of (1) the hazardous zones that reflected in the fire simulation; (2) the effective escape routes that are recommended by the evacuation scenario. These results can be used to improve fire safety management for both fire education and construction design. Following the results, this paper concludes with a description of challenges associated with building fire and agent-based evacuation simulations that would arise from developing a BIM-based framework for highly occupied building fires.
Communicating uncertainty in policy analysis

The term "policy analysis" describes scientific evaluations of the impacts of past public policies and predictions of the outcomes of potential future policies. A prevalent practice has been to report policy analysis with incredible certitude. That is, exact predictions of policy outcomes are routine, while expressions of uncertainty are rare. However, predictions and estimates often are fragile, resting on unsupported assumptions and limited data. Therefore, the expressed certitude is not credible. This paper summarizes my work documenting incredible certitude and calling for transparent communication of uncertainty. I present a typology of practices that contribute to incredible certitude, give illustrative examples, and offer suggestions on how to communicate uncertainty.
High efficiency single-junction InGaP photovoltaic devices under low intensity light illumination

The fabricated single junction InGaP photovoltaic devices show an overall 30% conversion efficiency under 1.27 uW/cm2 illumination. The development not only enables long lifetime radio-isotope based batteries but also, more important for the daily life, has the potential to promote the concept of the internet of things by efficiently powering indoor wireless sensors. To reduce the dark current and increase the absorption at longer wavelengths ( $> 550\ \mathbf{nm}$ ), several parameters including doping and thickness are optimized for the device design. Additional current-voltage characteristics under dark conditions and external quantum efficiency were also performed in order to evaluate the performance of the InGaP photovoltaic cells.
Large eddy simulations of diesel-fuel injection and auto-ignition at transcritical conditions:

Large eddy simulations of transcritical injection and auto-ignition of n-dodecane in a combustion chamber are performed. To this end, a diffuse-interface method is employed that solves the compress...
Early history of chromatography.

RECENTLY, Drs. H. Weil and T. I. Williams made the following statements with reference to D. T. Day's investigations1: “L. Zechmeister's opinion that Day ‘might in favourable circumstances have been successful in the elaboration of chromatographic procedures’ seems, therefore, rather less than just [my italics], for Day conforms closely to that author's definition of chromatography …”. The above comments refer to a recent progress report2 in which I have devoted half of the first page to Day's work, since I consider it, as well as Gilpin's papers (written under Day's influence), as typical of chromatographic experiments.
Absolute Maximum Nonlinear Functions on Finite Nonabelian Groups

Highly nonlinear functions (perfect nonlinear, maximum nonlinear, etc.) between finite fields have been studied in numerous papers. These concepts have been generalized first to finite abelian groups and then to finite nonabelian groups. In 2011, Poinsot and Pott introduced a new class of highly nonlinear functions between finite nonabelian groups, which are closely related to maximum nonlinear functions. They found such a function by a computer search, and proposed to find more such functions by theoretical constructions. Since then there is no progress in this topic. In this paper we continue the research in the direction proposed by Poinsot and Pott. Our purpose is to study the properties and constructions of this new class of highly nonlinear functions, called the absolute maximum nonlinear functions in this paper. In particular, for arbitrary finite (abelian or nonabelian) groups $K$ and $N$ with an absolute maximum nonlinear function $f: K \to N$ , we will prove that $N$ has to be abelian, and $f$ cannot be perfect nonlinear if $K$ is not abelian. Then we investigate the numerical constraints on the groups that have absolute maximum nonlinear functions. These constraints will eliminate the existence of absolute maximum nonlinear functions for many finite nonabelian groups. More importantly, using these constraints we will develop a method to construct absolute maximum nonlinear functions for some groups. In particular, we will determine all absolute maximum nonlinear functions on $A_4$ (the alternating group of degree 4). Furthermore, a general method to construct new absolute maximum nonlinear functions from the old ones will be given.
Marching Forwards or Backwards? Physical Education and the Army in Early Twentieth-Century Ireland

This article examines systems of physical education implemented in Ireland in the period 1890-1939, their origins and underlying messages. The systems used to train children’s bodies were not ideol...
Derangements in HUWE1/c-MYC pathway confer sensitivity to the BET bromodomain inhibitor GS-626510 in uterine cervical carcinoma.

Abstract Objective Whole-exome-sequencing (WES) studies reported c-MYC gene-amplification and HUWE1 gene deletion/mutations in a significant number of cervical-cancer-patients (CC) suggesting HUWE1/c-MYC pathway as potential therapeutic target. We investigated HUWE1/c-MYC expression in fresh-frozen-CC and the activity of the novel BET inhibitor GS-626510 (Gilead-Science-Inc) against primary WES CC-cultures and CC-xenografts. Methods HUWE1 and c-MYC expression were evaluated by qRT-PCR in 23 CC including 12 fresh-frozen-tumor-tissues and 11 primary-cell-lines. c-Myc expression was also evaluated by Western-Blot (WB) and fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) in all 11 fully sequenced primary-CC-cell-lines. Primary tumors were evaluated for sensitivity to GS-626510 in-vitro using proliferation and viability-assays. siRNA experiments were used to evaluate the effect of HUWE1 silencing on primary-CC-cell-line growth and sensitivity to GS-626510. Finally, the in-vivo activity of GS-626510 was studied in CC-CVX8-mouse-xenografts. Results Fresh-frozen-CC and primary-CC-cell-lines overexpressed c-MYC when compared to normal tissues (p = .01). FISH demonstrated amplification of c-MYC in 9/11 (82%) of the primary-CC-cell-lines. Cell-lines with derangements in HUWE1/c-MYC pathway were highly sensitive to GS-626510, with a dose-response decrease in cell proliferation and viability. siRNA silencing of HUWE1 significantly increased c-MYC expression and CC cell-proliferation and enhanced the in-vitro sensitivity to GS-626510. Twice-daily oral doses of GS-626510 were well tolerated in-vivo and highly effective in decreasing tumor-growth (p = .004) and increasing survival (p = .004) of CC-CVX8 xenografts. Conclusions Downregulation/inactivation of HUWE1 may increase c-MYC expression and proliferation in primary-CC-cell-lines. GS-626510 may represent a novel, potentially highly effective therapeutic agent against CC overexpressing c-MYC and/or harboring HUWE1 mutations. Clinical studies with BET inhibitor in CC-patients harboring radiation/chemotherapy-resistant disease are warranted.