cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using a systems perspective to teach introduction to machine organization with laboratory

This poster will describe a new approach to teaching "Introduction to Machine Organization with Laboratory," a core course in the Computer Science curriculum at Wellesley College. The traditional strategy explains how computers work by emphasizing and experimenting with details of the hardware implementation of a particular instruction set architecture (ISA), including an extensive segment on learning to write programs in assembly language for that machine. In the revised version, the course content, assignments, and associated lab experiments are all presented with less of a hardware emphasis and more of a systems-based perspective, and the hardware and assembly language is viewed in terms of larger implications of performance and security. The intention is that the new approach will enhance student interest, broaden context, provide a better preparation for advanced courses, and develop job skills more effectively than the previous version, important goals in Computer Science education. The poster will describe and reflect on the experience thus far with this reformulation, and suggest ways of measuring the effectiveness of the approach.
Determination of the core temperature of a Li-ion cell during thermal runaway

Abstract Safety and performance of Li-ion cells is severely affected by thermal runaway where exothermic processes within the cell cause uncontrolled temperature rise, eventually leading to catastrophic failure. Most past experimental papers on thermal runaway only report surface temperature measurement, while the core temperature of the cell remains largely unknown. This paper presents an experimentally validated method based on thermal conduction analysis to determine the core temperature of a Li-ion cell during thermal runaway using surface temperature and chemical kinetics data. Experiments conducted on a thermal test cell show that core temperature computed using this method is in good agreement with independent thermocouple-based measurements in a wide range of experimental conditions. The validated method is used to predict core temperature as a function of time for several previously reported thermal runaway tests. In each case, the predicted peak core temperature is found to be several hundreds of degrees Celsius higher than the measured surface temperature. This shows that surface temperature alone is not sufficient for thermally characterizing the cell during thermal runaway. Besides providing key insights into the fundamental nature of thermal runaway, the ability to determine the core temperature shown here may lead to practical tools for characterizing and mitigating thermal runaway.
The Spirit of the Source: Adaptation Dramaturgy and Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage

In 2014, Michael Haverty and I developed a new adaptation of Stephen Crane’s 1895 novel The Red Badge of Courage for Kennesaw State University and 7 Stages theatre in Atlanta.
Elevations of novel cytokines in bacterial meningitis in infants.

BACKGROUND Bacterial meningitis is challenging to diagnose in infants, especially in the common setting of antibiotic pre-treatment, which diminishes yield of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures. Prior studies of diagnostic markers have not demonstrated sufficient accuracy. Interleukin-23 (IL-23), interleukin-18 (IL-18) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) possess biologic plausibility, and may be useful as diagnostic markers in bacterial meningitis. METHODS In a prospective cohort study, we measured IL-23, IL-18 and sRAGE levels in CSF. We compared differences between infected and non-infected infants, and conducted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to identify individual markers and combinations of markers with the best diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS 189 infants <6 months, including 8 with bacterial meningitis, 30 without meningitis, and 151 with indeterminate diagnosis (due to antibiotic pretreatment) were included. CSF IL-23, IL-18 and sRAGE levels were significantly elevated in infants with culture proven meningitis. Among individual markers, IL-23 possessed the greatest accuracy for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis (area under the curve (AUC) 0.9698). The combination of all three markers had an AUC of 1. CONCLUSIONS IL-23, alone and in combination with IL-18 and sRAGE, identified bacterial meningitis with excellent accuracy. Following validation, these markers could aid clinicians in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and decision-making regarding prolongation of antibiotic therapy.
On the nature of international sales and sales management research: a social network–analytic perspective

This research uses a combination of text mining, co-word analysis, and social network analysis (SNA) to review 132 international sales and sales management (ISSM) articles published between 1980 and 2017. The study provides a unique view of the past and future of ISSM research and provides three principal contributions. First, from a social network–analytic perspective, it offers a unique examination of the ways ISSM research topics are interconnected, as reflected by keyword network structure. Second, by conducting SNA across two periods (1980–1999 and 2000–2017) and examining the changes in network centrality measures, the study offers initial insights into the evolving nature of the ISSM literature. Third, the study reports keyword network disconnections (i.e., structural holes) to propose a fruitful agenda for future ISSM research. Taken together, this research offers a current perspective of the ISSM research domain's evolving nature.
Heterobimetallic Lantern Complexes and Their Novel Structural and Magnetic Properties.

ConspectusAs the scale of microelectronic circuit devices approaches the atomic limit, the study of molecular-based wires and magnets has become more prevalent. Compounds with quasi-1D geometries have been investigated for their electronic conductivity and magnetic properties with potential use as nanoscale circuit components and information storage devices. To increase the number of compositionally tailored molecular systems available to study, we have taken a building-block, bottom-up approach to the development of improved electronic structure and magnetic properties of quasi-1D arrays. Over the past decade, a large family of asymmetric complexes that can assemble into extended arrays has resulted.Lantern (or paddle-wheel) complexes with conventional {O, O} donor carboxylates are legion, but by the use of monothiocarboxylate ligands and hard–soft Lewis acid–base principles, dozens of new lantern complexes of the form [PtM(SOCR)4(L)] (M = Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; R = Ph (tba = thiobenzoate), CH3 ...
User-Centered Design as a Foundation for Effective Online Writing Instruction

Abstract The CCCC Position Statement of Principles and Example Effective Practices for Online Writing Instruction can be viewed as a set of principles for user-centered design in online writing classrooms. However, operationalizing the principles and practices can be overwhelming. Our article identifies a set of principles that we introduce to new online writing instructors. We describe how we build a user-experience mindset into the foundation of online writing instruction using the CCCC Position Statement as well as principles from UX and user-centered design; we draw on work by key figures in UX and usability, including Goodwin (2009), Klein (2016), and Buley (2013; see also Howard & Greer, 2011). Our article describes how we introduce basic principles of user-centered design to new instructors, apply those principles to core topics in online writing instruction, and model a process of student feedback to promote an iterative design philosophy for online courses.
Performance Comparison of Recycled Pavement Foundation Layers

This paper describes results from a study comparing the performance of side-by-side test sections of pavement foundation layers constructed with on-site recycled materials and surfaced with hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Test sections included recycled materials blended with subgrade to create a mechanically stabilized subgrade layer and recycled materials placed in an overexcavated subgrade layer. In situ falling weight deflectometer (FWD), dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), and laboratory freeze–thaw tests were used to assess the performance of the test sections, in comparison with a control section where recycled materials were not used. Field testing was conducted at seasonal intervals over 2 years after construction, and the results were statistically analyzed with two-tailed Welch’s t-tests to account for unequal variances. Findings indicated that test sections with on-site recycled materials provided improved support conditions for the pavements during both before and after freeze–thaw conditions, when compa...
Flame Emission Spectroscopy

Flame emission spectroscopy is so named because of the use of a flame to provide the energy of excitation to atoms introduced into the flame. Reference to Chapter 1 will provide some information concerning the historical development of this method of spectral excitation and its early use to detect the presence of metal elements in samples aspirated into a flame. Modern analytical flame emission spectroscopy can be considered to date from the work of Lundegardh, reported in 1934, when he demonstrated its use for the determination of a variety of metal elements in samples of biological origin. Lundegardh sprayed a solution of the sample material into a condensing chamber and then into an air-acetylene flame, where excitation occurred. He used a prism spectrograph to disperse the spectra excited by the flame with photographic recording of the spectra and a densitometer to determine spectral line intensities. His instrumentation requirements therefore were the same as for conventional arc-spark emission spectroscopy as described in Chapter 8, except for the replacement of the arc-spark excitation source with the flame.
Parallelism in Ocean Acoustic Computations

Many computational problems in ocean acoustics are intrinsically parallel on a large scale. Exploitation of parallelism is discussed within the context of matched-field processing and transient deconvolution. The Connection Machine and Fortran 90 language are used to illustrate the nature of parallel algorithms for obtaining the acoustic field. A factorization of the field is introduced as the basis for an efficient parallel implementation of acoustic signal processors.
Abstract 370: Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Regulates Arterial Calcification

Objective: Medial artery calcification is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). It is highly prevalent in diabetes and c...
Single women and stock investment in individual retirement accounts.

This study uses data from the 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances to investigate factors related to stock investment in individual retirement accounts and focuses on the role of gender and marital sta...
Relative intensity calibration of the DIII-D charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy system using neutral beam injection into gas.

A new calibration method for the DIII-D charge-exchange spectroscopy system produces a smoother impurity density profile compared to previous techniques, improving the accuracy of the impurity density profile reconstruction. The relative intensity calibration between the chords of the DIII-D charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy system is performed by firing neutral beams into the evacuated vacuum vessel pre-filled with neutral gas. Relative calibration is required in order to account for uncertainty in the 3D geometry of the neutral beam. Previous methods using helium gas have been improved by using xenon, which emits an emission line close to the commonly used carbon wavelength 5290.5 A, as well as improved timing of the gas injection, inclusion of variations in the vessel pressure, and timing of neutral beam injection. Photoemission spectra recorded by 112 sightlines viewing 6 neutral beams are compared and used to form a relative calibration factor for each sightline. This relative calibration is shown to improve the quality of the measured ion density profile.
Development of a measure to assess factors associated with college students’ Willingness and Readiness to Act in a Food Allergic Emergency (WilRAFAE): A pilot

The rise of food allergies and anaphylaxis in the US population is an emerging public health concern. Individuals living with life-threatening food allergies may require assistance during an anaphy...
Peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 exacerbates ischemic AKI by finding NEMO.

Peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) catalyzes the conversion of peptidylarginine residues to peptidylcitrulline. We have previously shown that kidney ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury increases re...
Holographically-Induced SAWs at a Solid- or Liquid-Solid Interface

Lasers offer a non-contact method for generating ultrasound. The main advantages are that specimen can be scanned more easily and the complications of a coupling layer or liquid are eliminated. Also, more accurate velocity measurements can be obtained using lasers and for holographic generation, higher frequency coherent waves can be obtained. Lasers have been used to generate ultrasonic waves in many configurations, including the generation of bulk longitudinal and shear waves, Rayleigh waves along solid surfaces, and Lamb modes in solid layers. General reviews of laser generation techniques can be found in [1] and [2].
An Extremal Problem for the Neighborhood Lights Out Game

Neighborhood Lights Out is a game played on graphs. Begin with a graph and a vertex labeling of the graph from the set $\{0,1,2,\dots, \ell-1\}$ for $\ell \in \mathbb{N}$. The game is played by toggling vertices: when a vertex is toggled, that vertex and each of its neighbors has its label increased by $1$ (modulo $\ell$). The game is won when every vertex has label 0. For any $n\in\mathbb{N}$ it is clear that one cannot win the game on $K_n$ unless the initial labeling assigns all vertices the same label. Given that the $K_n$ has the maximum number of edges of any simple graph on $n$ vertices it is natural to ask how many edges can be in a graph so that the Neighborhood Lights Out game is winnable regardless of the initial labeling. We find all such extremal graphs on $n$ vertices that have $\binom{n}{2} - c$ edges for $c\leq \lceil\frac{n}{2}\rceil +3$ and all those that have minimum degree $n-3$. The proofs of our results require us to introduce a new version of the Lights Out game that can be played given any square matrix.
VCSEL Array for 3D Sensing

In this talk, I will discuss inventions and advances in VCSELs that have led to recent global deployment of commercial applications including 3D sensing and optical coherent tomography applications.
Modified Sialic Acids on Mucus and Erythrocytes Inhibit Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Functions

Sialic acids (Sia) are the primary receptors for influenza viruses and are widely displayed on cell surfaces and in secreted mucus. Sia may be present in variant forms that include O-acetyl modifications at C-4, C-7, C-8, and C-9 positions and N-acetyl or N-glycolyl at C-5. They can also vary in their linkages, including α2-3 or α2-6 linkages. Here, we analyze the distribution of modified Sia in cells and tissues of wild-type mice or in mice lacking CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) enzyme, which synthesizes N-glycolyl (Neu5Gc) modifications. We also examined the variation of Sia forms on erythrocytes and in saliva from different animals. To determine the effect of Sia modifications on influenza A virus (IAV) infection, we tested for effects on hemagglutinin (HA) binding and neuraminidase (NA) cleavage. We confirmed that 9-O-acetyl, 7,9-O-acetyl, 4-O-acetyl, and Neu5Gc modifications are widely but variably expressed in mouse tissues, with the highest levels detected in the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts. Secreted mucins in saliva and surface proteins of erythrocytes showed a high degree of variability in display of modified Sia between different species. IAV HAs from different virus strains showed consistently reduced binding to both Neu5Gc- and O-acetyl-modified Sia; however, while IAV NAs were inhibited by Neu5Gc and O-acetyl modifications, there was significant variability between NA types. The modifications of Sia in mucus may therefore have potent effects on the functions of IAV and may affect both pathogens and the normal flora of different mucosal sites.IMPORTANCE Sialic acids (Sia) are involved in numerous different cellular functions and are receptors for many pathogens. Sia come in chemically modified forms, but we lack a clear understanding of how they alter interactions with microbes. Here, we examine the expression of modified Sia in mouse tissues, on secreted mucus in saliva, and on erythrocytes, including those from IAV host species and animals used in IAV research. These Sia forms varied considerably among different animals, and their inhibitory effects on IAV NA and HA activities and on bacterial sialidases (neuraminidases) suggest a host-variable protective role in secreted mucus.
A Comparison of Different Immune Activation Strategies to Reverse HIV-1 Latency.

Resting CD4+ T cells are the best characterized component of the latent reservoir. Activation of these CD4+ T cells is needed to optimize transcription and viral replication, and this strategy has been used to measure the inducible reservoir. There are several methods that can be used to activate CD4+ T cells, and in this study, we compared 3 different strategies: the combination of the lectin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and irradiated allogeneic feeders, a combination of PHA and a superagonistic anti-CD28 antibody, and the combination of the protein kinase C agonist phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and the calcium ionophore ionomycin. We show that each strategy induces a different pattern of expression of activation markers on CD4+ T cells. However, the different activation strategies induced similar frequencies of latently infected CD4+ T cells from people living with HIV on suppressive antiretroviral therapy regimens to produce replication-competent virus. Furthermore, the frequency of infectious units per million induced by each regimen was positively correlated with the copies of intact proviral DNA per million CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that no single pattern of activation marker expression is most associated with latency reversal and demonstrate that different immune activation strategies reverse latency in a low frequency of CD4+ T cells that harbor intact proviral DNA.
ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Speckle tracking strain imaging of the left atrium (LA) is an emerging modality to assess LA contractile function, and subsequently diastolic function. Abnormal diastology is seen with left-sided valvular disease and has been shown to improve after valve replacement. We measured LA strain before and
Fractionated radiation suppresses Kruppel-like factor 2 pathway to a greater extent than by single exposure to the same total dose

Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a positive transcriptional regulator of several endothelial protective molecules, including thrombomodulin (TM), a surface receptor, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that generates nitric oxide (NO). Loss of TM and eNOS causes endothelial dysfunction, which results in suppressed generation of activated protein C (APC) by TM-thrombin complex and in upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). Mechanistic studies revealed that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) via upregulation of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) induces KLF2 expression. Radiation causes endothelial dysfunction, but no study has investigated radiation’s effects on the KLF2 pathway. Because fractionated radiation is routinely used during cancer radiotherapy, we decided to delineate the effects of radiation dose fractionation on the KLF2 signaling cascade at early time points (up to 24 h). We exposed human primary endothelial cells to radiation as a series of fractionated or as a single exposure, with the same total dose delivered to each group. We measured the expression and activity of critical members of the KLF2 pathway at subsequent time points, and determined whether pharmacological upregulation of KLF2 can reverse the radiation effects. Compared to single exposure, fractionated radiation profoundly suppressed KLF2, TM, and eNOS levels, subdued APC generation, declined KLF2 binding ability to TM and eNOS promoters, enhanced ICAM-1 expression, and decreased expression of upstream regulators of KLF2 (ERK5 and MEF2). Pharmacological inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway prevented fractionated-radiation–induced suppression of KLF2, TM, and eNOS expression. Finally, fractionated irradiation to thoracic region more profoundly suppressed KLF2 and enhanced ICAM-1 expression than single exposure in the lung at 24 h. These data clearly indicate that radiation dose fractionation plays a critical role in modulating levels of KLF2, its upstream regulators, and its downstream target molecules in endothelial cells. Our findings will provide important insights for selecting fractionated regimens during radiotherapy and for developing strategies to alleviate radiotherapy-induced toxicity to healthy tissues.
Advanced gyroklystron at NRL

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has successfully demonstrated that gyroklystrons can be operated stably at high efficiency. The recent experiments with the three cavity, fundamental mode GKLY-101 gyroklystron showed 30% efficient, stable operation at 4.5 GHz with peak powers on the order of 50kW. In order to obtain high powers at mm-wavelengths it will be necessary to operate at least the last cavity of the gyroklystron as an overmoded cavity. To examine the feasibility of such a device NRL is building a second generation tube, GKLY-201, which will be a four cavity device operating the last cavity in the circular TE 131 mode. The first three cavities will operate in the rectangular TE 101 mode and will act to stablize the gyroklystron operation in the last cavity. Anticipated output power is 200kW for 3 μs pulses at a frequency of 4.5 GHz.
Floral scent is different between sexual phases within individuals in a synchronously dichogamous shrub (Canella winterana) but there is no distinct female or male scent profile across individuals

Abstract Floral scent is a highly complex and variable floral characteristic that is involved in pollinator attraction. One possible cause for variation in floral scent can be sexual identity of the flower. Here, we examine the floral scent bouquet of a synchronously dichogamous shrub, Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn.We used dynamic headspace extraction and gas chromatography – mass spectroscopy, followed by statistical analysis using non-metric multidimensional scaling, SIMPER, MANOVA, and PERMANOVA to identify and compare the scent profiles of Canella winterana in its female and male phase for multiple individuals as well as multiple inflorescences of a single tree over one cycle of its entire sexual phase transition. The scent profile of C. winterana is composed of 49 volatile organic compounds and dominated by five compounds. We found no evidence for distinct male or female scent profiles; however, there were significant differences in scent emission between different sexes within some individuals. Two compounds explained over half of the variation between sexual stages within individuals. Our exploration of a single tree's sexual phase transition, including neuter phase, found that five compounds dominated the female phase scent bouquet and that female phase was distinct from male and neuter phase. This study offers new insight into the role that variability in floral scent between sexual phases might play in variable pollinator behavioral responses. These results suggest partial support for two distinct hypotheses regarding the differences between the sex phases (1) honest signaling and (2) sexual mimicry.
Facial Emotion Recognition Using Asymmetric Pyramidal Networks With Gradient Centralization

Facial expression recognition (FER) is a promising but challenging area of Computer Vision (CV). Many researchers have devoted significant resources to exploring FER in recent years, but an impediment remains: classifiers perform well on fine resolution images but have difficulty recognizing in-the-wild human emotional states. In order to solve the aforementioned issue, we introduced three novel designs and implemented them in neural networks. More specifically, we utilized an asymmetric pyramidal network (APNet) and employed multi-scale kernels instead of identical size kernels. In addition, square kernels were replaced by a sequence of square, horizontal, and vertical convolutions. This structure can increase the description ability of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and transfer multi-scale features between different layers. Additionally, when training CNN, we adopted stochastic gradient descent with gradient centralization (SGDGC) where it centralizes gradients to have zero mean and makes the training process more efficient and stable. To verify the effectiveness of APNet with SGDGC, we used three of the most popular in-the-wild emotion datasets, FER-2013, CK+, and JAFFE, for our experiments. The results of our experiment and comparisons with state-of-the-art designs from others demonstrate that our method outperforms all the single model methods and has comparable performance with model fusion methods.
First- and Second-Order Change

Despite efforts by the courts and governments to remove barriers, equalize representation, and improve access, schools continue to produce unequal outcomes with middle-class, primarily white and Asian students attending schools that perform well and minority black and Hispanic students attending poor-performing schools. To compound these problems, competing interests within the community may lead to urban power struggles between the traditional education regime, the governing regime of elite business actors, and community organizers and grassroots organizations seeking to improve access, accountability, and equality for those disenfranchised. This chapter examines these relationships within the context of broad school reform efforts. These efforts can be categorized as traditional first-order reform designed to make incremental changes and protect the status quo and second-order change which seeks to remake the structure of local education. Each of these strands of change is discussed in detail.
Cultural Values, Intergenerational Transmission of Internalized Racism, Education, and Career Goals in Chinese American Families:

The present study is the first of its kind using a dyadic and prospective research design to test whether traditional Asian cultural values and internalized racism among Chinese American adolescent...
DOES THE LAW OF ONE PRICE (LOP) HOLDS IN THE INTERNATIONAL BARLEY MARKETS

A price time-series data of barley for a period of 49 years (1970-2019) sourced from the FAO database was used to determine the horizontal market integration of barley among some selected major market players in barley trade in the world. The chosen markets are Australia, Canada, Iran, Turkey and the USA based on the availability of up-to-date large span data. The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics- unit root tests, co-integration tests, unrestricted vector autoregressive model, Granger causality test and impulse response function. The empirical evidence showed that the law of one price (LOP) exists among the selected markets i.e. there is perfect price communication among the markets in the long run, thus highly integrated. Besides, Australian and Canadian markets established a long-run equilibrium, thus have a stable price in the long run. Furthermore, the import and export hubs of barley in the trade are Canadian, USA and Turkey markets while Iranian and Australian markets are large consumer markets. The empirical evidence showed Canadian and USA markets to be the major players in the trade while the Australian market is a follower in the trade. All the selected markets have promising future prices with a little inflationary trend which will owe to supply fluctuation. The reinforcement of physical infrastructure, the use of ICTs and well-defined consistent agricultural policy/market initiatives would thus lead to the global creation of a single uniform economic market for barley.
State Space Planning Using Transaction Logic

State space planning algorithms have been considered as one of the main classical planning techniques to solve classical planning problems since 1960. In this paper, we show that Transaction Logic is an appropriate language and framework to study and compare these planning algorithms, which enables one to have more efficient planners in logic programming frameworks. Specifically, we take $$\textit{STRIPS}$$ planning and forward state space planning algorithms, and show that the specification of these algorithms in Transaction Logic lets one implement complicated planning algorithms in declarative programming languages e.g. Prolog. We first provide a formal representation of these planning algorithms in Transaction Logic, which can be used to automatically translate $$ \textit{STRIPS}$$ planning problems in PDDL to Transaction Logic rules. Then, we use the resulting Transaction Logic rules to solve planning problems and compare the performance of those algorithms in our simple interpreter implemented in XSB Prolog. We use several case studies to show how the linear $$ \textit{STRIPS}$$ planning algorithm is faster than forward state space search. Our experiments highlight the fact that a planner implemented by logic programming framework can become faster if an appropriate planning algorithm is applied.
Alfred Frankenstein, Angels Over the Altar: Christian Folk Art in Hawaii and the South Seas

(1962). Alfred Frankenstein, Angels Over the Altar: Christian Folk Art in Hawaii and the South Seas. Art Journal: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 128-130.
Disjunctive programs with set constraints

We study an extension of disjunctive logic programs called set constraint disjunctive (SCD) programs where the clauses of the program are allowed to have a disjunction of monotone set constraints in their head and arbitrary monotone and antimonotone set constraints in their body. We introduce new class of models called selector stable models which represent all models which can be computed by an analogue the Gelfond-Lifschitz transform. We show that the stable models of disjunctive logic programs can be defined in terms of selector stable models and then extend this result to SCD logic programs. Finally we show that there is a natural proof theory associated with selector stable models.
Shops of Gold: Advertising Luxury in Seventeenth-century Paris

ABSTRACTIn 1678, a Parisian periodical with a pan-European readership, Le Mercure galant, published a series of engravings that inaugurated modern fashion advertising. That same year, Le Mercure galant also published one of the first depictions of a new kind of emporium, the prototype for the up-scale boutiques that were then beginning to open their doors in Paris. This article explores the link between these two simultaneous developments—the creation of shops more elegant than any previously seen and the proliferation of new techniques for advertising the goods sold in these innovative shops—and the major redefinition of the experience of shopping that began in the final decades of the seventeenth century.
Use of other-reports to validate subjective well-being measures.

Level of agreement between self-reports and other-reports obtained from a large two-wave study of older adults was examined. Various measures of subjective well-being (affect, happiness, and life satisfaction) and behavioral manifestations (smoking and sleep quality) were assessed. Results indicate that the SWB measures were highly stable over a 9-month period, and that good agreement between the self- and other-reports was found for the SWB measures. In addition, SWB was related to behavioral manifestations and that these ratings were corroborated through the other-reports. This study furthers the support for the reliability of SWB over time and advances the criterion validity of SWB measures through use of collateral assessments.
Stream-Based Dynamic Compilation for Object-Oriented Languages

Traditional just-in-time compilers operate at the granularity of methods. Compiling a method in such a compiler is an atomic operation that can require substantial amounts of processing time, resulting in execution pauses in interactive computing environments. We describe a new software architecture for dynamic compilers in which the granularity of compilation steps is much finer, forming a “pipeline” with completely linear runtime behavior, and in which there are only two write barriers. This means that on future many-core platforms, the compiler itself can be parallelized, providing high-throughput dynamic compilation without execution pauses. As our prototype for Java demonstrates, stream-based compilation lends itself very naturally to an object-oriented implementation.
Psychological Assessment in Child Mental Health Settings

Although various assessment procedures contribute to the assessment of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed youth, the measurement of problem presence and degree of associated disability using objective scales directly supports core mental health services for youth: the development of an accurate differential diagnosis and the planning, monitoring, and evaluation of treatment. Multidimensional assessment identifies clinically important comorbid conditions and improves the variable accuracy of the referral process that often necessitates evidence of both symptom presence and absence. Collecting child descriptions from different informants (parent, teacher, and student) is consistent with both the child development process and the demonstrated variable accuracy of child report and adequacy of informant motivation. Guidelines for the selection of objective tests and the specific evaluation of four families of multidimensional multiinformant measures are provided (Personality Inventory for Children, Personality Inventory for Youth, Student Behavior Survey; Behavior Assessment System for Children; Connors' Rating Scales—Revised; Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report, Teacher Report Form). Additional descriptions of five single informant multidimensional objective measures and six more focused tests that may supplement the assessment or support the treatment of specific adjustment problems are also provided. The development of additional criteria with which to evaluate objective measures of youth adjustment is considered. Keywords: child/adolescentadjustment; comorbidity; managed care; multidimensional profile; multiple informant assessment; validity scale
H/sub 2/ stable stabilization for discrete-time systems

This paper extends the cost modification approach for designing continuous-time stable dynamic compensators to discrete-time systems. Specifically several modifications to the closed-loop discrete-time Lyapunov equation are proposed that guarantee that the compensator dynamics are stable. Using fixed-structure controller optimization techniques sufficient conditions for stable compensators with suboptimal H/sub 2/ performance can readily be derived.
20.7 A 0.45-to-3V reconfigurable charge-pump energy harvester with two-dimensional MPPT for Internet of Things

Compared with inductive DC-DC boost converters [1], the charge pump (CP) features no off-chip inductors and is suitable for monolithic low power energy harvesting applications such as Internet of Things (loT) smart nodes. However, the single conversion ratio (CR) CP has a narrow input voltage range. This induces a charge redistribution loss (CRL) and becomes a bottleneck preventing highly efficient energy harvesting [2]. CRL stems from two facts: 1) The operating voltages of energy sources vary with environment, and 2) Different energy sources feature a wide range of output voltages. By tuning the CR as one dimension, reconfigurable CPs can eliminate CRL; however, they need complex control algorithms, lack maximum power point tracking (MPPT) [3], and only provide fractional ratios [4]. Thus, they are not preferable for energy harvesting from various sources.
Xenobiotic microsomal epoxide hydrolase: 5' sequence of the human gene.

Abstract A cDNA for human microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) was used to isolate genomic clones representing the 5′ portion of the corresponding human gene. A total of 1034 bases of mEH gene sequence were obtained that included exon 1 and 5′ flanking information. In contrast to the structure reported for the rat mEH gene (Falany et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5924–5930), the human mEH gene lacked at CAAT ☐, but did contain a high-affinity CTF binding site at position −278 and an SV40 core enhancer element at position −525. TATA ☐es were identified at positions −32 and −29 for the human and rat genes, respectively. Sequence comparisons between 5′ flanking regions of the human and rat mEH genes demonstrated 47% homology, considerably less than the 83% conservation observed in the cDNA coding areas. Primer extension experiments localized the transcription initiation site of the human gene to a position 116 bases 5′ from the analogous site in the rat mEH gene.
Wind-forced Variations in Sea Surface Height in the Northeast Pacific Ocean

Abstract Sea surface height (SSH) anomalies from the Geosat altimeter for the northeast Pacific Ocean were analysed to determine their annual and interannual fluctuations over a 2.5-year period. The interannual anomalies suggested large-scale changes in the intensity of the California and Alaska currents, with a weak California Current for the first year (1986–1987), which strengthened during the second year, partly by a diversion of flow from the Alaskan gyre into the California Current and partly by a decrease in SSH along the coast. In the California Current between about 36° and 46°N, the annual fluctuations in SSH showed westward phase propagation. These observations were modeled using a linearized potential vorticity equation with one active layer, forced by realistic wind stress curl, which resembled a standing wave. The annual fluctuations in SSH were produced primarily by Ekman pumping, because Rossby waves are coastally trapped poleward of about 37°N. The predicted response had excellent phase a...
Analyses of DRL Behavior in Young Children

In young children, DRL 10 sec. and DRL 18 sec. schedules of snack reinforcement generated and maintained low levels of responding which, when compared to the animal and human DRL literature revealed efficient temporal responding. This low behavioral baseline was not impaired by extinction operations or by the introduction of a second response manipulandum intended to measure collateral behavior.
Interstellar Origin of Cosmic Radiation at Radio-Frequencies

RECENT publications of measurements of radiation from interstellar space1 and from the sun2,3 have important astronomical consequences. In the measurement of cosmic radiations at 5 metres wave-length, the maximum value of 13.2 × 1021 I" v watts/sq. metre was obtained. This is equivalent to a radiation intensity of 4 × 1018 ergs/sec./kilocycle band-width/sq. cm./sq. degree. We have previously investigated4 the theory of interstellar radiation arising from free-free transitions by electrons in the field of protons. From astronomical observations the numbers of protons and electrons in interstellar space, in the neighbourhood of the sun, are known to be of the order of 1 per cubic centimetre. On this basis we computed the expected intensity of radiation at the earth; the maximum predicted value is found to be 5 × 1018 ergs/sec./kc./sq.cm./sq. degree, at about 1 metre wave-length. The accompanying graph shows the predicted free-free radiation from interstellar space as well as the presently available high-frequency measures. The plotted observations are the observed maximum intensities, in the region of Sagittarius. Data at the slightly longer wave-length bands, near 10 metres, would be of critical importance. The new and accurate observations by Hey, Phillips, and Parsons1 lie remarkably close to our predicted curve. Their observations show relatively low concentration of the radio-frequency radiation to the galactic plane, compared to both interstellar matter and stars. Possibly a slight under-estimation of background noise might explain this effect.
Initial subordinate clauses in Old French: Syntactic variation and the clausal left periphery

Abstract This paper examines word order variation and change in Old French, in which subordinate clauses that immediately precede a main declarative can occur in at least two distinct syntactic positions with respect to the main clause. Data from a corpus of Old French texts from the 10th until the early 14th centuries show that most initial subordinates are situated outside the main clause proper, although some examples occur in the first position of the main clause. Adopting a richly articulated clausal left periphery ( Beninca, 2006 ), the SceneSetting projection of FrameP is proposed as the default syntactic position for extra-clausal initial subordinates. Although Old French is considered a verb-second language, initial subordinates often yield sequences in which the finite verb of the main clause appears in third or higher position. Following Labelle (2007) and others, I argue that a complex left periphery accounts for descriptively non-V2 word orders, while upholding a V2 analysis for Old French. Finally, following Vance et al. (2010) , who examined the role of initial subordinates in the loss of V2 in Old French, I show that for most of the Old French period, the grammar of main declaratives that follow initial subordinates is characteristically V2. Only over the course of the 13th century does the subject–verb order become dominant.
Clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging radiographs for suspected organic syndromes in adult psychiatry.

Objective: In psychiatric practice, adult patients are most commonly referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screen for suspected organic medical diseases of the central nervous system that can mimic psychiatric syndromes. We identified the most common signs and symptoms prompting MRIs to establish the predictive value of these signs and symptoms for clinically pertinent organic syndromes. Method: This study was a retrospective chart review of psychiatric patients at the Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care Center (Los Angeles, Calif.) who were referred for MRI of the brain between 1996 and 2002. Patients referred for evaluation of dementia were excluded. The specific indications leading clinicians to obtain MRI were identified and grouped. In order to offset the uncertain significance of many MRI findings, for this study, the predictive value of each indication was calculated based on the percentage of patients in whom clinical management changed in response to MRI findings rather than on the percentage with any abnormal MRI results. Results: Of 253 patients who had MRIs, 38 (15%) incurred some degree of treatment modification as a result of MRI findings, including 6 patients in whom MRI identified a medical condition that became the focus of treatment. Six indications appeared most likely to prompt clinicians to obtain MRIs. Because pertinent results were associated with each of these indications, statistical evaluation did not reveal significant differences in their predictive values (X 2 = 4.32, df = 5, p =.505). Conclusions: Unlike prior studies showing no value to screening radioimaging, this study shows MRI can be a useful screening test among patients suspected of having organic psychiatric disorders and that the common indications for MRI employed at one institution were nredictive.
Selective high metabolic lability of uridine triphosphate in response to glucosamine feeding of untransformed and polyoma virus-transformed hamster fibroblasts

Derepression of hexose transport in a line of Syrian hamster fibroblasts (Nil) and polyoma-transformed (PyNil) hamster fibroblasts is obtained when cells are either starved for glucose or fed with fructose as the only hexose source. D-glucosamine feeding of these cells does not alter the repressed state with regard to hexose transport. High, derepressed rates of galactose transport were changed to low, repressed rates, within 18 hours of refeeding glucose-starved cells with D-glucosamine as the only hexose source. Nil and PyNil cells, when cultured in the presence of D-glucosamine, undergo rapid reductions in total cellular uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) pool sizes. By contrast, the total cellular pools of adenosine 5′-triphosphate, guanosine 5′-triphosphate, and cytosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP, GTP, and CTP) were only moderately affected by the treatment of the cells with glucosamine. The metabolic drain of the UTP pools in PyNil cells was much more pronounced than in the untransformed cells. The larger and more rapid metabolic lability of UTP pools in the transformed cells may be the primary reason for the selective toxicity of glucosamine on tumor cells. A comparison of the effects of glucosamine on hexose-starved Nil and PyNil cells demonstrated that only the untransformed cells were able to utilize glucosamine to increase the hexose starvation-depleted pools of all nucleoside triphosphates. Accumulation of UDP-glucosamine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine followed the reduction in the UTP pools. Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide during glucosamine feeding led to higher levels of UDP-glucosamine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine accumulation. It is suggested that the drain of UTP pools during glucosamine treatment proceeds through the formation of the UDP-aminosugars which turn over due to the action of intracellular UDP-aminosugar pyrophosphatase activities.
Surface trapping of excitons in rare-gas solids

Ejected-atom kinetic energy spectra from electronically excited Ar, Kr, and Xe have been interpreted in terms of two mechanisms: the first due to exciton decay in the surface layer and the second due to exciton decay in the subsurface layers. We use the absolute ejection yields for the surface component to determine the efficiency of the surface layer in trapping excitons produced by incident energetic ions and electrons. Estimates of the ratio of surface-to-bulk exciton trapping efficiencies are 4.7, 6.5, and 3.9 for Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively, at 15 K.
Preparation and layer-by-layer solution deposition of Cu(In,Ga)O2 nanoparticles with conversion to Cu(In,Ga)S2 films.

We present a method of Cu(In,Ga)S2 (CIGS) thin film formation via conversion of layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled Cu-In-Ga oxide (CIGO) nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes. CIGO nanoparticles were created via a novel flame-spray pyrolysis method using metal nitrate precursors, subsequently coated with polyallylamine (PAH), and dispersed in aqueous solution. Multilayer films were assembled by alternately dipping quartz, Si, and/or Mo substrates into a solution of either polydopamine (PDA) or polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) and then in the CIGO-PAH dispersion to fabricate films as thick as 1–2 microns. PSS/CIGO-PAH films were found to be inadequate due to weak adhesion to the Si and Mo substrates, excessive particle diffusion during sulfurization, and mechanical softness ill-suited to further processing. PDA/CIGO-PAH films, in contrast, were more mechanically robust and more tolerant of high temperature processing. After LbL deposition, films were oxidized to remove polymer and sulfurized at high temperature under flowing hydrogen sulfide to convert CIGO to CIGS. Complete film conversion from the oxide to the sulfide is confirmed by X-ray diffraction characterization.