cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“It was the Trip of a Lifetime”: Viking Ancestors, their Descendants and their Legacy Tourism Motivations and Behavior

One tourism segment consists of those whose family history leads them to travel to visit the sites of their ancestors’ origin. Of specific interest in this study are people who have an interest in Norwegian ancestry. Coincidently, Norway also wants its sons and daughters to come home, targeting those with “with Viking ancestry.” Primary research objectives were to determine the motives for and importance of travel to ancestral homes, differences in this motivation for varied subsamples, and develop insights into legacy tourism that will serve tourism managers. Survey respondents of Norse ancestry in the United States and the Shetland and Orkney Islands of Scotland were recruited from meetings and activities of cultural and historical societies. Norse Scottish Islanders indicate “quest” as more important than U.S. Norse groups since Scottish islands are more proximate to the Norwegian homelands. Top motives for all groups (both Norse and those not of Viking descent) are “personal connection”, “connection with place”, “intellectual challenge”, “obligation to ancestors”, “discovering continuities”, and “completing the circle”. Overall, Norse descendant motives resemble descendants of other populations.
PET Studies of Lissencephaly

The functional activity of lissencephalic cortex was studied using FD Glucose positron emission tomography in 8 patients, mean age 7.5 years, at Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI.
Extreme incompatibility of helium during mantle melting: Evidence from undegassed mid-ocean ridge basalts

We report total helium concentrations (vesicles + glass) for a suite of thirteen ultradepleted mid-ocean ridge basalts (UD-MORBs) that were previously studied for volatile contents (CO2, H2O) plus major and trace elements. The selected basalts are undersaturated in CO2 + H2O at their depths of eruption and represent rare cases of undegassed MORBs. Sample localities from the Atlantic (2), Indian (1) and Pacific (7) Oceans collectively show excellent linear correlations (r2=0.75–0.92r2=0.75–0.92) between the concentrations of helium and the highly incompatible elements C, K, Rb, Ba, Nb, Th and U. Three basalts from Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic were also studied but show anomalous behavior marked by excess lithophile trace element abundances. In the Atlantic–Pacific–Indian suite, incompatible element concentrations vary by factors of 3–4.3, while helium concentration varies by a factor of 13. The strong correlations between the concentrations of helium and incompatible elements are explained by helium behavior as the most incompatible element during mantle melting. Partial melting of an ultradepleted mantle source, formed as a residue of earlier melt extraction, accounts for the observed concentrations. The earlier melting event involved removal of a small degree melt (∼1%) at low but non-zero porosity (0.01–0.5%), leading to a small amount of melt retention that strongly leveraged the incompatible element budget of the ultradepleted mantle source. Equilibrium melting models that produce the range of trace element and helium concentrations from this source require a bulk solid/melt distribution coefficient for helium that is lower than that for other incompatible elements by about a factor of ten. Alternatively, the bulk solid/melt distribution coefficient for helium could be similar to or even larger than that for other incompatible elements, but the much larger diffusivity of helium in peridotite leads to its more effective incompatibility and efficient extraction from a larger volume of mantle during melting. In either case, partial melting leaves a mantle residue with elevated (U + Th)/3He. Consequently, peridotite residues of mantle melting cannot be the source of high 3He/4He observed at ocean island hotspots such as Hawaii and Iceland. The extreme effective incompatibility of helium entails that high 3He/4He mantle sources, isolated before 4.45 Ga based on Xe and W isotopes, have not experienced any melt extraction since they were isolated from convecting portions of the mantle.
Impact of EMPA-REG OUTCOME® on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review for primary care physicians

Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Most published trials of glucose-lowering agents have shown no significant CV benefit or increased risk of death or heart failure, with the exception of metformin. Three novel classes of glucose-lowering agents, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of T2DM in the United States and have also been available in other parts of the world in the past decade. Of the SGLT2 inhibitors, empagliflozin has demonstrated a CV benefit in the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients-Removing Excess Glucose (EMPA-REG OUTCOME®) while trials with other SGLT2 inhibitors are still ongoing. Empagliflozin has also provided possible renal protective benefit in those with mild-to-moderate renal impairment. The mechanisms behind the benefits seen with empagliflozin are likely multifactorial. Empagliflozin is the reasonable choice for add-on therapy in patients with long-standing T2DM who are at high CV risk as demonstrated in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® study.
Ge incorporation in SiC and the effects on device performance

Silicon carbide has been given much attention as a promising material for use in high-voltage and high-power devices. The absence of closely lattice-matched materials precludes the existence of heterostructure devices with good properties. The availability of a lattice-matched heterojunction partner should allow for new SiC-based devices that can exploit the heterojunction band offsets to enhance device properties. Silicon-carbide:germanium (SiC:Ge) alloys were formed by ion implantation of Ge into 4H-SiC wafers at 1000/spl deg/C. We have observed the resultant SiC:Ge material to have favorable properties, such as good crystal structure, interface quality and electrical characteristics. Diodes and bipolar transistors have been fabricated using these layers. These devices have been characterized for properties including forward current density and transistor gain. In this paper we report on the effects of Ge incorporation on devices formed using SiC:Ge layers.
Load regulation of a smart household with PV-storage and electric vehicle by dynamic programming successive algorithm technique

With increasing concerns on gasoline demand and for a cleaner environment, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and zero emission electric vehicles (EVs) have recently received great attention. However, the integration of these vehicles into the power grid has a significant impact on the household load profile. In this paper, load leveling of a residential household by means of coordinated control between solar PV system storage and vehicle battery storage is discussed. Dynamic programming successive algorithm (DPSA) is employed to obtain the optimal charging strategies by minimizing the overall load variance of daily household load demand. The PHEV battery and PV system energy storage can be charged during low demand and the stored power can provide power during high demand period. Thus, both energy storage systems can participate effectively in balancing the demand of the consumer. The simulation results show that the proposed optimal charging strategy reduces the load variance compared to uncontrolled cases of smart household.
An improved high-order statistical moment method for structural reliability analysis with insufficient data

The fourth-order moment method for reliability analysis of structural systems can be practically applied to effectively address the problem of reliability calculation and analysis with insufficient...
The Problem with Hobby Lobby : Neoliberal Jurisprudence and Neoconservative Values

This article explores the relationship between neoconservative values and neoliberalism in American jurisprudence through a critique of the US Supreme Court’s Hobby Lobby decision. The article uncovers how the Court imposes market-oriented logic on religious expression and in the process spiritualizes economic activity. In this way neoliberal rationality is intertwined with neoconservative values. For example, exercising religion through corporatization can be understood as a neoconservative moderation of the corrupting influence of excessive neoliberal individualism. Finally, while the decision furthers employer control of workers’ reproduction, the Court’s proposed workaround—a direct government contraceptives program—would undermine that control and points to another, more emancipatory response to the problems of neoliberalism.
Genomic Medicine in Cardiovascular Fellowship Training

As genomic testing becomes more accessible for both clinical indications and patients’ personal curiosity, cardiologists are increasingly asked to interpret the results in terms of future risk of disease. In many cases, patients hope that such testing will yield detailed, personalized recommendations regarding their own medical care as well as their family’s. However, given the lack of formal instruction in genomic analysis during cardiovascular training, a gap exists between some patients’ desires and our own abilities to incorporate genomic information into practice. Patient care and biomedical research will undoubtedly be increasingly influenced by genomic medicine efforts in the coming years. In his 2016 budget proposal, President Obama allocated $215 million to fund the Precision Medicine Initiative.1 The goal of this program is to develop data lakes compiling vast arrays of patient data, including genomic information and detailed phenotypic, epigenomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data. By using the computational power of such an effort, clinicians will hopefully be able to better predict disease and tailor therapies at the population and individual levels. Given the enormous resource investment and global burden of cardiovascular disease, the cardiovascular community will likely play a key role in this movement. Therefore, it is critical that we begin to incorporate training modules on genomic …
Comparative Probing of Fascism: Japan and America

This chapter confronts the issue of whether a feudal past, its presence or absence, proves decisive in the subsequent development of political structure and ideology. By comparing the USA to Japan, the author analyzes hierarchy and homogeneity and the requirement of the elimination of the peasantry for the creation of a capitalist democracy.
Negotiating language ideologies through imaginary play: Children's code choice and rescaling practices in Dominica, West Indies

Abstract In Dominica, a process of language shift from Patwa, an Afro-French creole, to varieties of English, the official language, has been ongoing over several decades. English indexes higher scales of value related to its position as the language of government, education, and formal settings, while Patwa indexes lower scales related to its position as a predominantly rural, oral, informal language. Children are generally prohibited from speaking Patwa in adult-controlled settings and increasingly use English varieties. Adults, however, transmit competing language ideologies that both denigrate and valorize Patwa, indexically linking it to adult roles and age-graded expectations through their child language socialization practices. Children employ Patwa for particular functions during play with peers when out of the purview of adults. This study examines children's scaling practices and uses of space as they alternate between languages to enact vivid imaginary play scenarios and negotiate their shifting footings and stances in child-controlled settings. It analyzes how children try out and socialize one another into multilingual practices through their ludic interactions, focusing on one extended bout of imaginary role play in particular. Through play, children construct alternative social worlds in which competing scales of linguistic value are reconfigured within child-controlled spatiotemporal contexts.
Computer Science Living-Learning Community for Women at Rutgers: Initial Experiences and Outcomes (Abstract Only)

We have developed the Douglass-SAS-DIMACS Computer Science Living-Learning Community (LLC) for first-year women at Rutgers, now in its second year. Each year, around 20 first-year women undergraduates at Rutgers who intend to major in computer science are selected for the LLC. LLC participants live in a common dorm and are provided with an educational, mentoring, and community-building program that supports their progress as Rutgers students and as computer science majors. To our knowledge, this is the first undergraduate living-learning community for women in computer science at any university. A focus group conducted with women from the inaugural cohort revealed that faculty support contributed to feelings of belonging, both in the program and in the CS department, among the participants; participants valued the academic support they received as part of the program and felt communication structures within the program were effective; and participants expressed a desire for advanced undergraduate peer mentors. A quasi-experimental study of this cohort indicated that LLC participants showed a decrease in satisfaction with the CS department at Rutgers; a decrease in computing-related self-efficacy; and an increase in the belief that computing ability is inborn. Follow up interviews suggested that the efficacy of the LLC might be dependent on two factors: participants' commitment to a CS major coming into the program and participants' level of involvement with the LLC group. In response to these results, we have made some changes to the program and continue to carefully study the program in order to maximize its effectiveness.
Estimating Time Physicians and Other Health Care Workers Spend with Patients in an Intensive Care Unit Using a Sensor Network

Abstract Background Time and motion studies have been used to investigate how much time various health care professionals spend with patients as opposed to performing other tasks. However, the majority of such studies are done in outpatient settings, and rely on surveys (which are subject to recall bias) or human observers (which are subject to observation bias). Our goal was to accurately measure the time physicians, nurses, and critical support staff in a medical intensive care unit spend in direct patient contact, using a novel method that does not rely on self-report or human observers. Methods We used a network of stationary and wearable mote-based sensors to electronically record location and contacts among health care workers and patients under their care in a 20-bed intensive care unit for a 10-day period covering both day and night shifts. Location and contact data were used to classify the type of task being performed by health care workers. Results For physicians, 14.73% (17.96%) of their time in the unit during the day shift (night shift) was spent in patient rooms, compared with 40.63% (30.09%) spent in the physician work room; the remaining 44.64% (51.95%) of their time was spent elsewhere. For nurses, 32.97% (32.85%) of their time on unit was spent in patient rooms, with an additional 11.34% (11.79%) spent just outside patient rooms. They spent 11.58% (13.16%) of their time at the nurses' station and 23.89% (24.34%) elsewhere in the unit. From a patient's perspective, we found that care times, defined as time with at least one health care worker of a designated type in their intensive care unit room, were distributed as follows: 13.11% (9.90%) with physicians, 86.14% (88.15%) with nurses, and 8.14% (7.52%) with critical support staff (eg, respiratory therapists, pharmacists). Conclusions Physicians, nurses, and critical support staff spend very little of their time in direct patient contact in an intensive care unit setting, similar to reported observations in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Not surprisingly, nurses spend far more time with patients than physicians. Additionally, physicians spend more than twice as much time in the physician work room (where electronic medical record review and documentation occurs) than the time they spend with all of their patients combined.
Timing matters: Impact of anticonvulsant drug treatment and spikes on seizure risk in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.

Objective Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is a common, self-limited epilepsy syndrome affecting school-age children. Classic interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) confirm diagnosis, and BECTS is presumed to be pharmacoresponsive. As seizure risk decreases in time with this disease, we hypothesize that the impact of IEDs and anticonvulsive drug (ACD) treatment on the risk of subsequent seizure will differ based on disease duration. Methods We calculate subsequent seizure risk following diagnosis in a large retrospective cohort of children with BECTS (n = 130), evaluating the impact of IEDs and ACD treatment in the first, second, third, and fourth years of disease. We use a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and logistic regression models. Patients were censored if they were lost to follow-up or if they changed group status. Results Two-thirds of children had a subsequent seizure within 2 years of diagnosis. The majority of children had a subsequent seizure within 3 years despite treatment. The presence of IEDs on electroencephalography (EEG) did not impact subsequent seizure risk early in the disease. By the fourth year of disease, all children without IEDs remained seizure free, whereas one-third of children with IEDs at this stage had a subsequent seizure. Conversely, ACD treatment corresponded with lower risk of seizure early in the disease but did not impact seizure risk in later years. Significance In this cohort, the majority of children with BECTS had a subsequent seizure despite treatment. In addition, ACD treatment and IEDs predicted seizure risk at specific points of disease duration. Future prospective studies are needed to validate these exploratory findings.
STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE TOLERANCE INDUCTION USING DENDRITIC CELLS

Dendritic cells (DC) are rare but extremely important bone marrow (BM)- derived antigen-presenting cells (APC) that initiate and regulate immune responses [1-4]. Extensive recent investigations [reviewed in refs. 3,4] have improved understanding of DC lineage development, differentiation, activation and function. These studies have revealed that, in addition to the well-recognized immunostimulatory properties of DC that offer potential for therapy of infectious disease and cancer, DC also have potential tolerogenicity [reviewed in refs. 2,5,6]. This capacity of DC is manifested by suppression of T cell responses in experimental models of T cell ontogeny, tumor rejection, autoimmunity, and allograft rejection. Moreover, exposure to a wide variety of agents, e.g. ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, IL-10, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), corticosteroids, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), or the chimeric fusion protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (Ag) 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) can confer tolerogenic properties on DC. In addition, geneticallyengineered DC expressing immunosuppressive molecules, such as viral (v) IL-10, TGFβ, Fas Ligand (L) (CD95L) or CTLA4Ig may offer potential for the suppression/deletion of auto- or alloAg-specific T cells, with implications for tolerance induction.
Infant Predictors of Kindergarten Behavior: The Contribution of Inhibited and Uninhibited Temperament Types

This study examines infant temperament (inhibited and uninhibited styles) as a predictor of behavior in the kindergarten classroom. Thirty-one kindergarten children were observed in their classroom...
Shared decision-making in atrial fibrillation: navigating complex issues in partnership with the patient

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for stroke. Although anticoagulation is effective in mitigating this risk, many high-risk patients are not anticoagulated in routine practice. Furthermore, as many as 50% of those who are prescribed an anticoagulant stop treatment within a year. This under treatment may be due, in part, to difficulty in navigating difficult decisions about initiating potentially lifelong therapy with significant costs, potential risks, and impact on daily life. To address these challenges, the most recent American guidelines issued a class I recommendation to use shared decision-making (SDM) to individualize patients' antithrombotic care. The call by the major cardiovascular organizations for SDM is in an effort to improve quality of care by promoting decisions that reflect what is best for an individual patient based on their stroke and bleeding risks, as well as their comorbid conditions and socio-personal context. SDM is readily applicable to current cardiovascular practice, but ongoing work will be needed to determine whether brief, evidence-based, and patient-oriented tools are able to support thoughtful, patient-centered decision-making and, ultimately, improve the rates of appropriate treatment initiation and adherence.
Trajectories of Tobacco and Nicotine Use Across Young Adulthood, Texas, 2014-2017.

Objectives. To examine intraindividual change in polytobacco and individual tobacco and nicotine product use across young adulthood.Method. Participants were 2711 students from 24 Texas colleges pa...
Evaluating the utility of the modified cigarette evaluation questionnaire and cigarette purchase task for predicting acute relative reinforcing efficacy of cigarettes varying in nicotine content.

Abstract Background Nicotine is the addictive component in cigarettes that maintain cigarette smoking that subsequently leads to morbidity and mortality. Methods for assessing the abuse liability of cigarettes are essential to inform new tobacco product standards. This secondary analysis evaluated the utility of one subjective effects measure, the modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ), and one behavioral economic task, the Cigarette Purchase Task (CPT), for predicting acute relative reinforcing efficacy measured by concurrent choice Self-Administration (SA). Methods Smokers (N = 169) belonging to one of three vulnerable populations participated in a multi-site, double-blind study evaluating research cigarettes with varying levels of nicotine (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, 15.8 mg/g). Participants sampled cigarettes and completed the mCEQ and CPT. In subsequent sessions, cigarette preference was assessed using a concurrent choice SA procedure. Mixed-model repeated measures analysis of variance tests were used to evaluate the utility of the mCEQ subscales and CPT indices for predicting preference for the higher compared to lower nicotine content cigarettes. In addition, stepwise regressions were used to determine which subscales and indices independently predicted concurrent choice SA. Results Greater increases on the Satisfaction and Enjoyment of Respiratory Tract Sensations mCEQ subscales independently predicted higher dose preference in concurrent choice testing. Elasticity was the only CPT index that predicted choice. However, its predictive utility differed by dose among opioid-maintained individuals. Conclusion The mCEQ and CPT predict behavioral measures of relative reinforcing efficacy as assessed in concurrent choice SA, with the mCEQ Satisfaction and Enjoyment of Respiratory Tract Sensations subscales being the strongest independent predictors.
Orthogonality-Sabotaging Attacks against OFDMA-based Wireless Networks

Wireless jamming remains as one of the primary threats towards wireless security. Traditionally, jamming is able to disrupt wireless signals within, but not beyond, its covered bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a novel attack strategy, called orthogonality-sabotaging attack, against orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) that has been widely adopted in today’s wireless network standards (e.g., 4G/5G and 802.11ax). The attack intentionally introduces an unaligned narrowband jamming signal to an OFDMA network so as to destroy the orthogonality among all subcarriers in broadband signals. We theoretically formulate and optimize the attack strategies, and then use real-world experiments to show that orthogonality sabotaging is very efficient and can take down an 802.11ax network with only 1/5-1/4 of the full network bandwidth. Finally, we propose an attack identification and localization method to identify and localize orthogonality-sabotaging attacks in the fullband spectrum with 92% overall accuracy and localization errors within about 0.4 subcarrier spacing in experiments.
South Carolina forestland owners’ willingness to accept compensations for carbon sequestration

Carbon sequestration through recommended forest management practices is an ecosystem service that helps mitigate climate change and its impacts while generating carbon credits for forestland owners to sell in cap-and-trade programs. The California’s cap-and-trade program (California’s carbon market hereafter) allows forestland owners from any part of the contiguous United States to supply carbon credits to compliance entities. In this study, we estimate South Carolina (SC) private forestland owners’ willingness to accept compensations to participate in the California’s carbon market using a contingent valuation method. We estimate forestland owners’ mean willingness to accept as $67 per acre per year. Our results reveal higher probability of participation of forestland owners with interests in preserving forest ecosystems than those who do not. Additionally, forestland owners who trust in information about climate change from scientists or government are willing to participate more than those who do not. Various factors hinder landowners’ ability to participate in carbon markets. Forestland owners in SC consider legislative uncertainty and long-time commitment as the main barriers to participation in California’s carbon market. From this research, average forestland tenure in SC is 27 years, which is far less than the 100-year time commitment of the California’s carbon market. Of those who agreed to participate, choosing between adopting and not adopting any of the three main forest management practices in the California’s carbon market: 28% are likely to adopt improved forest management (IFM) practices, 24% are likely to adopt reforestation due to understocked forestlands, and 14% are likely to adopt avoided conversion. In another development, the concept of aggregation has dominated discussions in the California’s carbon market of late. It is an advocacy to include small-scale forestlands in the California’s carbon market. To aggregate, different forestland owners will combine their forestlands to participate. We find that 79% of SC forestland owners are willing to aggregate to participate. However, this research is unable to determine how much total forestland is available in SC for carbon market. We recommend future research in the State on forestland owners’ participation in carbon market should consider evaluating forestland availability.
Assessing flow systems in carbonate aquifers using scale effects in hydraulic conductivity

Counter to intuition, small-scale measurements of hydraulic conductivity do not average to regional values. Instead, mean hydraulic conductivity increases with measurement scale up to a critical distance termed the range, beyond which a constant regional value prevails. Likewise, variance in log hydraulic conductivity increases with separation distance between measurement points as the spatial correlation decreases. As dissolution proceeds in carbonate aquifers, heterogeneity and the volume necessary for an equivalent homogeneous medium (EHM) both increase. As these variables increase, the range of scale increase in both mean hydraulic conductivity and variance increases proportionately. Consequently, the range in scale effects is a reliable measure of the degree of secondary dissolution. By correlating the numeric value of range with independently measured hydraulic properties, the prevalent type of flow system, diffuse, mixed or conduit can be determined.
Challenges in Voter Registration

Since the adoption of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) of 1993, states have taken significant steps to modernize the voter registration process and to minimize errors in managing voter registration lists. Reforms such as Online Voter Registration, Election Day Registration, youth pre-registration, as well as Automatic Voter Registration decrease the burden for prospective voters, but they may still create challenges for election administrators insofar as efficiently entering and managing lists of registered voters. Evidence from provisional votes cast and accepted during the 2016 presidential election in North Carolina demonstrates that voter list maintenance issues can keep eligible voters off the voter rolls and deter them from casting a regular ballot. The local variation in how provisional voters are processed and the disproportionate impact on minority voters raises concerns of equity and also has broader implications about how election reforms are administered locally and across the states. Researchers are able to uncover such patterns by analyzing election administration and turnout data reported by states and localities to federal agencies such as the Election Assistance Commission (EAC). However, limitations remain due to inconsistent data reporting, which strongly demonstrates gaps in election data transparency across the states.
Holistic Review in Race-Conscious University Admissions

The Supreme Court has held that race may be considered as “a factor of a factor of a factor” within a “holistic” program of university admissions if the university can satisfy a heavy burden of proving that the program is “narrowly tailored” to achieve the educational benefits of diversity. The Court has listed the desired benefits of racial diversity, but it has not discussed what evidence a university needs to prove that its program is “narrowly tailored” to achieve those benefits. This article addresses that issue. The field of psychology offers abundant research about the process of judgment and decision-making (“JDM”) and testing the validity of any particular program of decision-making. This knowledge offers valuable insights about how a university can design and, later, measure the validity of its admissions process so that it is “narrowly tailored” to achieve the educational benefits of racial diversity approved by the Supreme Court. Part I describes the standard that the Court has laid down for race-conscious admissions programs. Part II reviews the JDM literature on holistic and disaggregated decision-making. Part III discusses how the conclusions of this literature can guide the courts in applying the standard of review laid down by the Supreme Court.
The procurement of the UN sustainable development goals and the American national policy agenda of nurses.

Abstract Nurses are positioned to advance the Social Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, especially Goal Three: Good Health and Well-Being. However, to do this there must be micro- and macro-level support from the profession. When the individual will of nurses is coupled with collaborative efforts of professional nursing organizations, such as the Nursing Community Coalition, policies supporting the SDGs are able to move forward.
Natural Hazards Twitter Dataset

With the development of the Internet, social media has become an important channel for posting disaster-related information. Analyzing attitudes hidden in these texts, known as sentiment analysis, is crucial for the government or relief agencies to improve disaster response efficiency, but it has not received sufficient attention. This paper aims to fill this gap by focusing on investigating attitudes towards disaster response and analyzing targeted relief supplies during disaster response. The contributions of this paper are fourfold. First, we propose several machine learning models for classifying public sentiment concerning disaster-related social media data. Second, we create a natural disaster dataset with sentiment labels, which contains nearly 50,00 Twitter data about different natural disasters in the United States (e.g., a tornado in 2011, a hurricane named Sandy in 2012, a series of floods in 2013, a hurricane named Matthew in 2016, a blizzard in 2016, a hurricane named Harvey in 2017, a hurricane named Michael in 2018, a series of wildfires in 2018, and a hurricane named Dorian in 2019). We are making our dataset available to the research community: this https URL. It is our hope that our contribution will enable the study of sentiment analysis in disaster response. Third, we focus on extracting public attitudes and analyzing the essential needs (e.g., food, housing, transportation, and medical supplies) for the public during disaster response, instead of merely targeting on studying positive or negative attitudes of the public to natural disasters. Fourth, we conduct this research from two different dimensions for a comprehensive understanding of public opinion on disaster response, since disparate hazards caused by different types of natural disasters.
Seizures in Pre-term Infants Less than 29 Weeks: Incidence, Etiology, and Response to Treatment.

Introduction. Seizures are neurological emergencies with short- and long-term adverse effects in pre-term infants. They may present with or without abnormal movements (clinical versus subclinical). Thus, the true incidence of seizures may be under-reported. Current research indicates that most seizures occur in the first few days of life, are associated with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and show low response to anticonvulsant drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate incidence, etiology, clinical antecedents, mortality, and response to treatment of seizures in extremely pre-term infants. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of pre-term infants < 29 weeks gestation from January 2011 to December 2013. Presence or absence of seizure was the outcome. Data extraction included demographics, medications, co-morbidities, mortality, and details of seizures. A multivariable prediction model was developed to evaluate risk for seizures. Results. Analysis included 269 pre-term infants. Incidence of EEG-confirmed seizures was 40% (108/269); 49% were clinical and 51% were subclinical. Seizures occurred in 72% of infants ≤ 24 weeks, 57% of those 25-26 weeks, and 23% of those 27-28 weeks. Most seizures (85%) occurred after day eight of life. Mortality was 14% in those with seizures versus 5% in those without (p = 0.019). The model showed seizures were associated significantly with gestational age and medications, while controlling for sex, APGAR score, and co-morbidities, including IVH. At discharge, anticonvulsants were continued in 66% (72/108) of infants with seizures. Conclusion. The incidence of seizures was highest in infants born most premature. Contrary to previous research, nearly two-thirds of pre-term infants with seizures did not have IVH or cystic periventricular leukomalacia; apnea of prematurity was a common presentation of subclinical seizures; and the majority of treated infants responded to Phenobarbital. These findings need be explored in future research.
Bempedoic acid for the treatment of dyslipidemia

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and one key factor associated with the increased CVD risk is dyslipidemia. Statin therapy remains the first-line treatment to manage dyslipidemia, yet many patients do not achieve optimal low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels even after taking moderate- or high-intensity statins; therefore, additional, non-statin therapy is often needed. Bempedoic acid is a prodrug that, once activated, decreases LDL-C levels by the inhibition of adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase in the liver. Five clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid and the bempedoic acid/ezetimibe combination in lowering LDL-C in patients with atherosclerotic CVD and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and also in high-risk primary prevention, and statin-intolerant patients. Bempedoic acid has been demonstrated to lower LDL-C levels by 15-25% in clinical trials and up to 38% when combined with ezetimibe. In 2020, the FDA approved bempedoic acid. Furthermore, the combination of bempedoic acid with ezetimibe is FDA approved for the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or established atherosclerotic CVD who require additional LDL-C lowering after maximally tolerated statin therapy. The ongoing CLEAR OUTCOMES trial aims to evaluate whether bempedoic acid can reduce cardiovascular events in patients with statin intolerance and results will be available in the next 3 years. This outcomes trial will be pivotal for determining the role of bempedoic acid in the non-statin lipid-lowering armamentarium.
Usability of Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Assessments in Schools: A Systematic Review From 2009 to 2019

To fully execute multitiered systems of support (MTSS), schools must have access to screening and progress monitoring measures that are defensible and appropriate for intended use yet also must be ...
New South China Sea Lighthouses: Legal Futility and Strategic Risk

International law can be viewed as either a tool or a weapon, depending on how it is wielded. On the one hand, the rules of international law outlining the range of legitimate territorial and maritime claims can provide an invaluable toolbox of objective standards for sorting out a way forward in what can often be a complex problem of international relations. On the other, a misinterpretation or partial understanding of the applicable international law can obfuscate the intentions of the rival claimants and further complicate the overall situation. In some ways, a partial understanding of the applicable law might be more harmful than no knowledge at all. For the unresolved disputes in the South China Sea, one issue worth considering is the potential significance of the new lighthouses that China has constructed on several geographic features within the Spratly Islands. The recent “China’s Lighthouses in the Spratlys” commentary by Lin Ting-Hui of Taiwan is an example of how a misinterpretation or a partial understanding of the applicable law can obfuscate more than it illuminates. This includes both the international law of the sea, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the customary international law relating to sovereignty claims. This article attempts to outline the limited legal significance of those new lighthouses, and a strategic risk arising from their construction.
A biomimetic Schlemm's canal inner wall: A model to study outflow physiology, glaucoma pathology and high-throughput drug screening.

Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve, frequently leading to blindness. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, which is expected to affect 80 million people by 2020, causing bilateral blindness in over 10 million individuals. Because pathological changes to Schlemm's canal (SC) may account for significant resistance to outflow, there is considerable interest in characterizing and evaluating the Schlemm's canal as a target for glaucoma therapeutics. In conventional, two-dimensional culture, human Schlemm's canal (HSC) cells lose spatial, mechanical and biochemical cues, resulting in altered gene expression and cell signaling than observed in vivo, compromising the clinical relevance of data obtained from such systems. Here, we report, for the first time, that 3D culture of HSC cells on microfabricated scaffolds with defined physical and biochemical cues, rescued expression of key HSC markers, VE-cadherin and PECAM1, and mediated pore formation, crucial for the Schlemm's canal regulation of IOP. We demonstrated that following treatment with the glaucopathogenic agent, TGF-β2, HSC cells undergo an endothelial-mesenchymal transition, which together with the increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins might account for the decrease in outflow facility observed in patients with high TGF-β2 levels in their aqueous humor. We also demonstrated that unlike 2D cultures, 3D cultures of HSC cells are amenable to gene transfer. Thus, our data imply that 3D culture of HSC cells may be used as a platform to advance our understanding of HSC physiology and pathology and as a model for high-throughput drug and gene screening.
TESTING AN INTEGRATED IMPLEMENTATION MODEL WITH DATA FROM A GENERALIZED DSS

A model proposed by Schultz, Ginzberg & Lucas (1984) that integrates thefactor and process approaches to implementation was field tested with datafrom a generalized decision support system. Significant associations werefound between manager acceptance and user perceptions of support, userpersonal stake and system use. The results suggest that voluntary andnon-voluntary use of a system have different precursors and may be encouragedin different ways. Although the overall model receives only partial support,the results of the study suggest approaches for further testing of networkmodels of implementation.
Intrinsic Firing Dynamics of Vestibular Nucleus Neurons

Individual brainstem neurons involved in vestibular reflexes respond to identical head movements with a wide range of firing responses. This diversity of firing dynamics has been commonly assumed to arise from differences in the types of vestibular nerve inputs to vestibular nucleus neurons. In this study we show that, independent of the nature of inputs, the intrinsic membrane properties of neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus substantially influence firing response dynamics. Hyperpolarizing and depolarizing inputs evoked a markedly heterogenous range of firing responses. Strong postinhibitory rebound firing (PRF) was associated with strong firing rate adaptation (FRA) and occurred preferentially in large multipolar neurons. In response to sinusoidally modulated input current, these neurons showed a pronounced phase lead with respect to neurons lacking strong PRF and FRA. A combination of the hyperpolarization-activated H current and slow potassium currents contributed to PRF, whereas FRA was predominantly mediated by slow potassium currents. An integrate-and-fire-type model, which simulated FRA and PRF, reproduced the phase lead observed in large neurons and showed that adaptation currents were primarily responsible for variations in response phase. We conclude that the heterogeneity of firing dynamics observed in response to head movements in intact animals reflects intrinsic as well as circuit properties.
Stromlo workshop on high-velocity clouds

While it may be somewhat unusual to claim that an area of research only 35 years old is already undergoing a renaissance, this statement is not that far from the truth when one considers the field of high-velocity clouds (HVCs). A reflection of this assertion can be found by surveying the literature of the past 12 months; what started with a review in the 1997 Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics by Bart Wakker and Hugo van Woerden culminated with the first international workshop devoted solely to HVCs, held 1998 August 14 and 15 at Mount Stromlo Observatory. In the interim, the field has been rife with new developments, a few of which even received coverage by the mainstream media, shedding much-needed positive light on this small, but hearty, band of researchers. The Stromlo Workshop on HVCs afforded the opportunity for each of these researchers to bring us up to speed on this rapidly evolving field. The summary that follows cannot do justice to all the workshop participants, and at some level is almost certainly biased by the present authors’ prejudices, for which we apologize in advance. Key contributions since the Wakker & van Woerden review include (1) the first determinations of a true metallicity for an HVC (i.e., ∼0.25 Z, for HVC 287.5 22.5 240, from Lu et al., and ∼0.1 Z, for Complex C, from Wakker et al.); (2) the recognition of a leading arm counterfeature to the Magellanic Stream by Putman et al., indicative of a tidal origin; (3) the first determination of a distance bracket for an HVC (i.e., kpc for Complex A, from van Woerden et al.); (4) d 4–11 the burgeoning cottage industry of emission-line (primarily Ha) observations of HVCs, led most noticeably by Tufte et al. and Bland-Hawthorn et al.; and (5) the proposal by Blitz et al. that HVCs are intergalactic remnants of the formation of the Local Group. While all-sky H i surveys for HVCs have existed since the late-1980s, a major step forward in ensuring uniformity in spatial and velocity resolution can be expected in the coming year with the release of Villa Elisa Southern Sky Survey (VESSS; Morras et al.), a direct analog to the Leiden-Dwingeloo Survey (LDS) in the north. Higher angular resolution surveys, on a sub-Nyquist sampled spatial grid, will ultimately be available once the Parkes Multibeam HVC Survey (Putman et al.) completes its scans of the sky from . A crucial d 90 – 25 first step will be the compilation of a new catalog of anomalousvelocity H i gas, from the LDS and VESSS, with far more
Control Lyapunov functions: new ideas from an old source

A control design method for nonlinear systems based on control Lyapunov functions and inverse optimality is analyzed. This method is shown to recover the LQ optimal control when applied to linear systems. More generally, it is shown to recover the optimal control whenever the level sets of the control Lyapunov function match those of the optimal value function. The method can be readily applied to feedback linearizable systems, and the resulting inverse optimal control law is generally much different from the linearizing control law. Examples in two dimensions are given to illustrate both the strengths and the weaknesses of the method.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine alveolar macrophages and related lung pathology is associated with MWCNT nickel contamination

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been reported to cause lung pathologies in multiple studies. However, the mechanism responsible for the bioactivity has not been determined. This study used nine different well-characterized MWCNT and examined the outcomes in vitro and in vivo. MWCNT, from a variety of sources that differed primarily in overall purity and metal contaminants, were examined for their effects in vitro (toxicity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation using primary alveolar macrophages isolated from C57Bl/6 mice). In addition, in vivo exposures were conducted to determine the inflammatory and pathogenic potency. The particles produced a differential magnitude of responses, both in vivo and in vitro, that was associated most strongly with nickel contamination on the particle. Furthermore, the mechanism of action for the Ni-contaminated particles was in their ability to disrupt macrophage phagolysosomes, which resulted in NLRP3 activation and subsequent cytokine release associated with prolonged inflammation and lung pathology.