cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Storage Lipid Accumulation Patterns in Eucalanoid Copepods from the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean

Abstract Members of the copepod family Eucalanidae are widely distributed throughout the world׳s oceans and have been noted for their accumulation of storage lipids in high- and low-latitude environments. However, little is known about the lipid composition of eucalanoid copepods in low-latitude environments. The purpose of this study was to examine fatty acid and alcohol profiles in the storage lipids (wax esters and triacylglycerols) of Eucalanus inermis, Rhincalanus rostrifrons, R. nasutus, Pareucalanus attenuatus, and S ubeucalanus subtenuis, collected primarily in the eastern tropical north Pacific near the Tehuantepec Bowl and Costa Rica Dome regions, noted for its oxygen minimum zone, during fall 2007 and winter 2008/2009. Adult copepods and particulate material were collected in the upper 50 m and from 200 to 300 m in the upper oxycline. Lipid profiles of particulate matter were generated to help ascertain information on ecological strategies of these species and on differential accumulation of dietary and modified fatty acids in the wax ester and triacylglycerol storage lipid components of these copepods in relation to their vertical distributions around the oxygen minimum zone. Additional data on phospholipid fatty acid and sterol/fatty alcohol fractions were also generated to obtain a comprehensive lipid data set for each sample. Rhincalanus spp. accumulated relatively large amounts of storage lipids (31–80% of dry mass (DM)), while E. inermis had moderate amounts (2–9% DM), and P. attenuatus and S. subtenuis had low quantities of storage lipid (0–1% DM). E. inermis and S. subtenuis primarily accumulated triacylglycerols (>90% of storage lipids), while P. attenuatus and Rhincalanus spp. primarily accumulated wax esters (>84% of storage lipids). Based on previously generated molecular phylogenies of the Eucalanidae family, these results appear to support genetic predisposition as a major factor explaining why a given species accumulates primarily triacylglycerols or wax esters, and also potentially dictating major fatty acid and alcohol accumulation patterns within the more highly modified wax ester fraction. Comparisons of fatty acid profiles between triacylglycerol and wax ester components in copepods with that in available prey suggested that copepod triacylglycerols were more reflective of dietary fatty acids, while wax esters contained a higher proportion of modified or de novo synthesized forms. Sterols and phospholipid fatty acids were similar between species, confirming high levels of regulation within these components. Similarities between triacylglycerol fatty acid profiles of E. inermis collected in surface waters and at >200 m depth indicate little to no feeding during their ontogenetic migration to deeper, low-oxygen waters.
The caloric test in the cat.

A simple device for fixing both head and body of the cat was designed so that the nystagmic reaction to caloric stimulation could be investigated. Nystagmographie tracings of both ordinary and derived nystagmus were obtained being relatively free of artifacts induced by movements.In order to produce a caloric reaction in the cat, it was necessary to set the temperature of the irrigating water to, at least, 10°C either below or above the rectal temperature (38°C).Repetitive caloric stimulation with both cold and hot water was conducted under various conditions and the results were described for each. The data suggested the most appropriate way for obtaining reliable results with the caloric test in the cat.
Antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive patients with normal left ventricular mass is associated with left ventricular remodeling and improved diastolic function.

Antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive patients with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy causes hypertrophy regression and improved diastolic filling. Whether similar changes occur in hypertensive patients with diastolic dysfunction and no hypertrophy is unknown. We determined the effect of antihypertensive therapy on LV geometry and function in hypertensive patients without hypertrophy. In 18 mild to moderate hypertensive patients without significant hypertrophy, baseline echocardiograms and rest and exercise radionuclide angiograms were performed. Subjects were treated for 8 to 12 months with the calcium channel blocker felodipine and then restudied 2 weeks after treatment withdrawal. Blood pressure normalized with treatment (165 ± 22/ 98 ± 9 to 128 ± 12/80 ± 5 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and returned to pretreatment levels after therapy withdrawal. Rest ejection fraction and peak oxygen consumption and cardiac outputs were unchanged after treatment, but rest peak filling rate increased (2.63 ± 0.57 to 3.11 ± 0.95 end-diastolic volume/second, p 0.05). Ejection fraction increased with exercise only after treatment (64 ± 5% at rest to 71 ± 8% at peak exercise, p < 0.05). LV mass index was unchanged (97 ± 18 to 101 ± 23 g/m2), but relative wall thickness declined (0.41 ± 0.05 to 0.37 ± 0.05) and LV end-diastolic dimension increased (4.9 ± 0.4 to 5.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.01). Blood pressure control in hypertensive patients without hypertrophy leads to improved peak filling rates and remodeling with decreased relative wall thickness. Improved diastolic function can occur without alterations in LV mass.
Transport Phenomena in Zonal Centrifuge Rotors. XII. Dispersion in Reorienting Self-Generating Density Gradients

Abstract Dispersion in reorienting self-generating gradient systems for zonal centrifugations was investigated. Dispersions in experimental runs for K-III and J-I rotors were analyzed and compared with previously published analytical results. Various factors that contributed to a sample band broadening due to dispersion are discussed and evaluated. It is concluded that a control of rotor acceleration and deceleration may not be important.
Iridium-mediated asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3-diphenylbutadiene: a revealing kinetic study.

Hydrogenation of 2,3-diphenylbutadiene mediated by a chiral iridium carbene oxazoline complex was studied. The kinetics of the reaction showed that it occurred in two distinct stages. The first corresponded to slow consumption of the diene to form half-hydrogenated products, i.e., monoenes. After all the diene was consumed, however, the reaction was much faster and more stereoselective. These data were interpreted in terms of possible catalytic intermediates.
1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 inhibits HGF synthesis and secretion from MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells

Several mesenchymally derived cells, including osteoblasts, secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). 1α,25(OH)2-vitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of MG-63 os...
Selected Career and Technical Education Teachers' Perceptions of the No Child Left Behind Act (Public Law 107-110): An Exploratory Study.

The need for higher numerical literacy, communication, and interpersonal skills in the workplace has grown over the past decade and will continual to grow (Brand, 2003). Economic and labor market trends that will influence the federal government’s role in career and technical education (CTE) include the changing nature of work that requires higher numerical literacy, and technical skill levels. Nearly half (46%) of all employers reported difficulty in hiring qualified workers during 2001, and close to a third (29%) believe they will experience difficulty in hiring in future years (Dixon, Duke; Storen, and Van Horn, 2002). More jobs now require some postsecondary education but not necessarily a 4-year degree. While approximately 33 percent (National Center on Educational Statistics, 2001) of adults receive a bachelor’s degree, the remainder needs other avenues and choices to gain the technical and occupational skills and further education to be successful in the workforce.
Variations of little Higgs models and their electroweak constraints

We calculate the tree-level electroweak precision constraints on a wide class of little Higgs models including variations of the littlest Higgs SU(5)/SO(5), SU(6)/Sp(6), and $\mathrm{SU}{(4)}^{4}/\mathrm{SU}{(3)}^{4}$ models. By performing a global fit to the precision data we find that for generic regions of the parameter space the bound on the symmetry breaking scale f is several TeV, where we have kept the normalization of f constant in the different models. For example, the ``minimal'' implementation of SU(6)/Sp(6) is bounded by $fg3.0\mathrm{TeV}$ throughout most of the parameter space, and $\mathrm{SU}{(4)}^{4}/\mathrm{SU}{(3)}^{4}$ is bounded by ${f}^{2}\ensuremath{\equiv}{f}_{1}^{2}{+f}_{2}^{2}g(4.2\mathrm{TeV}{)}^{2}.$ In certain models, such as $\mathrm{SU}{(4)}^{4}/\mathrm{SU}{(3)}^{4},$ a large f does not directly imply a large amount of fine-tuning since the heavy-fermion masses that contribute to the Higgs boson mass can be lowered below f for a carefully chosen set of parameters. We also find that for certain models (or variations) there exist regions of parameter space in which the bound on f can be lowered into the range 1\char21{}2 TeV. These regions are typically characterized by a small mixing between heavy and standard model gauge bosons and a small (or vanishing) coupling between heavy U(1) gauge bosons and light fermions. Whether such a region of parameter space is natural or not is ultimately contingent on the UV completion.
Infants' Perception of Structure and Form across Changing Orientations.

In two studies babies aged 110-130 days observed pairs of objects in rotary motion. Significant differences in looking time were obtained for regular over scrambled schematic faces and a round cross over a square. The data suggest that young infants process the distinctive features of objects that continuously change orientation. The importance of the findings for theories of cognitive and perceptual development is discussed in light of previous studies of infants' tracking of moving objects.
Anterior Pituitary Gene Expression with Reproductive Aging in the Female Rat

Abstract Although reproductive aging in women is classically attributed to loss of ovarian follicles, recent data have suggested that the entire hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis undergoes functional changes with time. The aim of this study was to characterize age-related changes in pituitary gene expression for factors with known importance for gonadotroph function, including 1) steroid hormone receptors (Esr and Pgr), 2) orphan nuclear receptors [Nr5a1 (steroidogenic factor-1) and Nr5a2 (liver receptor homologue-1)], and 3) pituitary-derived polypeptides (activin, inhibin, and follistatin), as well as 4) gonadotropin subunits and 5) GnRH receptors. We chose to utilize a middle-aged rat model for these studies. Young (Y; 3-mo-old) and middle-aged (MA; 9- to 12-mo-old) rats were ovariectomized, primed with estradiol, and injected with progesterone to induce an LH surge. The mRNA levels for the gonadotropin subunits and GnRH receptors were decreased in middle-aged females relative to young animals. Nr5a1...
MicroRNAs Located in the Hox Gene Clusters Are Implicated in Huntington's Disease Pathogenesis

Transcriptional dysregulation has long been recognized as central to the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a major system of post-transcriptional regulation, by either preventing translational initiation or by targeting transcripts for storage or for degradation. Using next-generation miRNA sequencing in prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area 9) of twelve HD and nine controls, we identified five miRNAs (miR-10b-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-615-3p and miR-1247-5p) up-regulated in HD at genome-wide significance (FDR q-value<0.05). Three of these, miR-196a-5p, miR-196b-5p and miR-615-3p, were expressed at near zero levels in control brains. Expression was verified for all five miRNAs using reverse transcription quantitative PCR and all but miR-1247-5p were replicated in an independent sample (8HD/8C). Ectopic miR-10b-5p expression in PC12 HTT-Q73 cells increased survival by MTT assay and cell viability staining suggesting increased expression may be a protective response. All of the miRNAs but miR-1247-5p are located in intergenic regions of Hox clusters. Total mRNA sequencing in the same samples identified fifteen of 55 genes within the Hox cluster gene regions as differentially expressed in HD, and the Hox genes immediately adjacent to the four Hox cluster miRNAs as up-regulated. Pathway analysis of mRNA targets of these miRNAs implicated functions for neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, cell death and survival. In regression models among the HD brains, huntingtin CAG repeat size, onset age and age at death were independently found to be inversely related to miR-10b-5p levels. CAG repeat size and onset age were independently inversely related to miR-196a-5p, onset age was inversely related to miR-196b-5p and age at death was inversely related to miR-615-3p expression. These results suggest these Hox-related miRNAs may be involved in neuroprotective response in HD. Recently, miRNAs have shown promise as biomarkers for human diseases and given their relationship to disease expression, these miRNAs are biomarker candidates in HD.
Patient education for informed decision making about prostate cancer screening: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up.

PURPOSE The efficacy of prostate cancer screening is uncertain, and professional organizations recommend educating patients about potential harms and benefits. We evaluated the effect of a videotape decision aid on promoting informed decision making about prostate cancer screening among primary care patients. METHODS A group of 160 men, 45 to 70 years of age, with no history of prostate cancer, were randomized to view or not to view a 20-minute educational videotape before a routine office visit at a university-based family medicine clinic. The subjects were contacted again 1 year after their visit to assess their receipt of prostate cancer screening (digital rectal examination [DRE] or prostate-specific antigen [PSA] testing), their satisfaction with their screening decision, and knowledge retention since the baseline assessment. RESULTS Follow-up assessments were completed for 87.5% of the intervention subjects and 83.8% of the control subjects. The rate of DRE did not differ between the 2 groups. Prostate-specific antigen testing was reported by 24 of 70 (34.3%) intervention subjects and 37 of 67 (55.2%) control subjects (P = .01). African American men were more likely to have had PSA testing (9 of 16, 56.3%) than were white men (13 of 46, 28.3%) (P = .044). Satisfaction with the screening decision did not differ between the study groups. Intervention subjects were more knowledgeable of prostate cancer screening than were control subjects, although these differences declined within 1 year (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Decision aids for prostate cancer screening can have a long-term effect on screening behavior and appear to promote informed decision making.
Culture as a configuration of learning: Hypotheses in the context of international education

EnglishThis article approaches the concept of culture from an anthropological perspective. It places various culture concepts in their historical contexts and discusses several models that are utilized in research in international education. It is argued that the lack of a theory is a major reason for the culture concept’s proliferation. A theory is presented that identifies a culture as a particular configuration of learning and meta-learning. In line with this theory, it is argued that most ‘cultural’ differences in teaching and learning are not cultural and that real cultural differences will emerge in the context of international academic curricula.FrenchCet article s'interesse au concept de la culture d'un point de vue anthropologique. Il place divers concepts culturels dans leurs contextes historiques et traite de plusieurs modeles utilises dans la recherche en education internationale. Il est avance que le manque de theorie est la principale explication de la proliferation du concept de la culture....
The circulatory system of Amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) I. Morphology of the major vessels of the pharyngeal area

In order to clarify the morphology of the circulatory system of amphioxus the blood vessels were investigated using modern techniques of light and electron microscopy. The pattern of circulation in amphioxus is forward ventrally and backwards dorsally. In addition, circulating corpuscles, usually associated with the blood of higher chordates, are absent. The circulatory system of amphioxus consists of well defined contractile vessels and vascular spaces or sinuses within a connective tissue matrix. The contractile vessels have a discontinuous endothelial lining resting on a basal lamina and are enclosed by a simple layer of contractile myoepithelial cells. Discontinuous endothelial linings occur throughout the vascular tree, including major and minor afferent and efferent vessels and blood sinuses. This is in contrast to higher animals where the endothelium forms a more or less continuous lining along the inner surface of the boundary layer. It is suggested that the endothelial cells of amphioxus, like the endothelial cells in capillaries of higher chordates, most likely play a role in the physiology of the circulatory system by removing residues of filtration from the basal lamina, thereby facilitating an exchange of materials to and from the surrounding tissues.
Wilbur Schramm, 1907-1987: Roots of the past, Seeds of the Present

At the crossroads of communications, “where many passed by but few tarried,” Schramm remained and “made it his life's work to lay the foundations for a permanent city.”
National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS) Overview:

In 2002, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) launched the National Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS), a major research initiative. Researchers from 9 research centers ...
IT service management driven by business objectives An application to incident management

In this paper we address the problem of ensuring business-IT alignment. We describe a method and a system for decision support in IT Service Management driven by alignment with the business objectives of the enterprise that the IT supports. Our technical proposition, called IT Management by Business Objectives (MBO) is applicable to most of the domains of IT Service Management, such as incident management, change management, and others. The technology consists of some components that are reusable across domains, together with guidelines and patterns for building complementary components in order to develop domain-specific solutions.
Raf/ERK drives the proliferative and invasive phenotype of BMPR2-silenced pulmonary artery endothelial cells

A proliferative endothelial cell phenotype, inflammation, and pulmonary vascular remodeling are prominent features of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2) loss-of-function is the most common cause of heritable PAH and has been closely linked to the formation of pathological plexiform lesions. Although some BMPR2 mutations leave ligand-dependent responses intact, the disruption of ligand-independent, noncanonical functions are universal among PAH-associated BMPR2 genotypes, but incompletely understood. This study examined the noncanonical signaling consequences of BMPR2 silencing in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells to identify potential therapeutic targets. BMPR2 siRNA silencing resulted in a proliferative, promigratory pulmonary artery endothelial cell phenotype and disruption of cytoskeletal architecture. Expression profiling closely reflected these phenotypic changes. Gene set enrichment and promoter analyses, as well as the differential expression of pathway components identified Ras/Raf/ERK signaling as an important consequence of BMPR2 silencing. Raf family members and ERK1/2 were constitutively activated after BMPR2 knockdown. Two Raf inhibitors, sorafenib and AZ628, and low-dose nintedanib, a triple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor upstream from Ras, reversed the abnormal proliferation and hypermotility of BMPR2 deficiency. Inhibition of dysregulated Ras/Raf/ERK signaling may be useful in reversing vascular remodeling in PAH.
Minimally invasive left ventricular assist device placement.

Background: The use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy has increased significantly in the recent years along with the rapidly increasing heart failure patient population worldwide. It is crucial to be familiar with the standard surgical technique of LVAD implantation, but also to further advance the technique to optimize patient outcomes. Numerous studies have shown minimally invasive cardiac surgeries, including cardiac valves procedures can improve patient outcomes with decrease post-operative bleeding, reduced blood transfusion requirement, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery rate and lower hospital cost. With the advancement of mechanical circulatory support, the smaller and current generation of centrifugal continuous-flow LVADs has made minimally invasive LVAD implantation feasible. In this review, we described our surgical technique of minimally invasive LVAD placement. Methods: In addition to the standard pre-LVAD implantation evaluation, multiple studies, including chest radiography, chest computed tomography and echocardiography are further examined for patient selection and planning of the operation. Instead of a full standard sternotomy, a lateral mini-thoracotomy and hemi-sternotomy or second intercostal space anterior mini-thoracotomy are utilized. Special techniques are also applied to allow easy access for future re-entry, e.g., heart transplantation and to improve post-operative outcomes. Off-pump approach is our prefer approach for the minimally invasive procedure. Results: With minimally invasive approach, avoiding a full sternotomy, can reduce surgical trauma and post-operative bleeding, and can make subsequent LVAD explantation and heart transplantation less technically challenging and will allow patients to have a faster post-operative recovery rate. With the intact pericardium, the right ventricle can be protected from acute unrestricted dilation and further right heart failure after LVAD placement. The use of off-pump approach allows the avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass and will decrease the incidence of post-operative vasoplegia and coagulopathy. Conclusions: With the current generation of LVADs, minimally invasive surgical approach is very feasible and may improve patient outcomes. Further large prospective randomized studies will help to further demonstrate the potential advantages and disadvantage of minimally invasive LVAD placement. The upcoming generations of LVADs and minimally invasive instrumentations are currently being evaluate and will further advance the success of LVAD therapy.
Polypharmacy in elders with cancer: An analysis of the Ohio medicaid population

19550 Background: Polypharmacy in the elderly complicates therapy, increases cost of treatment and is a challenge to healthcare agencies. However, the impact of polypharmacy on the care of the olde...
Modeling Improvements for System Code Evaluation of Inlet Plenum Mixing Under Severe Accident Conditions Using CFD Predictions

An updated mixing model is developed for application to system codes used for predicting severe accident-induced failures of steam generator (SG) U-tubes in a pressurized-water reactor. Computational fluid dynamics is used to predict the natural circulation flows between a simplified reactor vessel and the primary side of an SG during a hypothesized severe accident scenario. The results from this analysis are used to extend earlier experimental results and predictions. These new predictions benefit from the inclusion of the entire natural circulation loop between the reactor vessel upper plenum and the SG. Tube leakage and mass flow into the pressurizer surge line also are considered. The predictions are utilized as a numerical experiment to improve the basis for simplified models applied in one-dimensional system codes that are used during the prediction of severe accident natural circulation flows. An updated inlet plenum mixing model is proposed that accounts for mixing in the hot leg as well as the inlet plenum region. The new model is consistent with the predicted behavior and can account for flow into a side-mounted pressurizer surge line if present. Sensitivity studies demonstrate the applicability of the approach over a range of conditions. The predictions are most sensitive to changes in the SG secondary side temperatures or heat-transfer rates at the SG tubes. Grid independence is demonstrated through comparisons with previous models and by increasing the number of cells in the model. This work supports the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) studies of SG tube integrity under severe accident conditions.© 2010 ASME
The historical background for large-animal studies with neutrons of various energies.

Studies of the biological effects of fast neutrons were started as soon as adequate sources became available, and the first of these was the cyclotron at Berkeley. Limitations on methods for physic...
Diaphragmatic herniation due to massive hepatomegaly in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension

A 56-year-old woman with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The patient was diagnosed with PAH 5 years prior and started on oral therapy, but due to worsening pulmonary haemodynamics and symptoms, intravenous treprostinil was initiated. Imaging studies demonstrated hepatomegaly and a liver biopsy showed hepatic venous outflow obstruction and findings consistent with nodular regenerative hyperplasia. There was no evidence of …
Widely tunable, aluminum-free, GaSb-based, mid-infrared semiconductor lasers

An external cavity tuning range of 0.3 μm, at a center wavelength of 3.8 μm, is demonstrated from an optically pumped, aluminum-free semiconductor laser grown on a GaSb substrate, with a peak single-facet output power of 0.65 W.
From hated to Häbäsha: Oromo identity shifts in Wällo and Shäwa during the late nineteenth century

AbstractThis essay explores identities in the late nineteenth history in Northern and Central Ethiopia through relevant Ethiopian primary source material. Twentieth century political redefinitions and ethnonationalist histories have cast Ethiopia as a prison of static ethnic groups that are eternally in conflict. This literature defines the Ethiopian state as solely Semitic and Christian, where Kushitic Language speakers could not contribute. This presentation eschews historic realities in nineteenth century Ethiopia. The experiences of Kushitic Oromo non-Christian political elites in the late nineteenth centuries as recorded by Europeans and Ethiopians of that time, reveal a distinctly different picture. These sources display both identity shifts and a historic role in the Ethiopian state. This contribution was accomplished through performing a distinct cultural identity and becoming a member of the Habasha community. This community transcended ethnicity and produced a ruling class that matched the ethni...
Liver Arginase Activity and Urea Metabolism in Beef Heifers Fed Urea Diets and Abomasally Infused with Arginine and(or) Ammonium Acetate

Eight growing crossbred beef heifers, surgically fitted with indwelling abomasal cannulas, were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design and examined for the effects of continuous abomasal infusion of arginine and(or) ammonium acetate on liver arginase activity and urea and ammonia metabolism. Heifers were fed complete diets containing 1.2% urea as the only source of supplemental N. Infusion treatments were: (1) control (C): 2 liters water/24 h; (2) arginine (Arg): 24.00 g arginine in 2 liters water/24 h; (3) ammonium acetate (NH4Ac): 116.34 g ammonium acetate in 2 liters water/24 h; (4) arginine plus ammonium acetate (Arg + NH4Ac): 24.00 g arginine . HCl plus 116.34 g ammonium acetate in 2 liters water/24 h. Infusions solutions contained 0, 1, 1 and 2% crude protein equivalent, respectively, above the level of crude protein provided by the diet. NH4Ac and Arg + NH4Ac increased (P less than .05) apparent digestibility of N over that observed with treatment C. Arg tended to increase N retention over that observed with C, while both NH4Ac and Arg + NH4Ac resulted in lower (P less than .05) N retention than did C and Arg. Mean liver arginase activities (mumol . mg protein-1 . h-1) were 166.9, 137.5, 226.3 and 194.5 for heifers infused with C, Arg, NH4Ac and Arg + NH4Ac, respectively. NH4Ac and Arg + NH4Ac resulted in higher (P less than .05) arginase activity than did C or Arg. Arg infusion increased plasma urea N (PUN) over that observed with C, while PUN was higher (P less than .05) with NH4Ac or Arg + NH4Ac than with C or Arg. NH4Ac infusion increased (P less than .05) plasma ammonia-N (PAN) over that observed with Arg or Arg + NH4Ac, while PAN levels were the same with C, Arg and Arg + NH4Ac. Both Arg and NH4Ac infusion resulted in higher (P less than .05) rumen ammonia levels than C, while heifers given Arg + NH4Ac had rumen ammonia levels similar to those of controls. Mean daily urea excretion was 13.16, 16.02, 28.92 and 32.44 g/24 h for heifers infused with C, Arg, NH4Ac and Arg + NH4Ac, respectively. The major difference in excretion of urea was attributable to NH4Ac and not Arg. Daily urea excretion decreased between 1530 and 2330 h and increased between 2330 and 0730 h. Arginine infusion appeared to have a protective effect against ammonia infusion because PUN increased and PAN decreased in heifers infused with arginine. The reduction (P less than .05) in plasma amino acids thought to be limiting for protein synthesis in ruminants in conjunction with increased (P less than .05) N retention and the trend toward decreased arginase activity observed in heifers infused with Arg suggests that the effects of arginine on ammonia metabolism are not wholly mediated by liver urea synthesis.
Primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine corpus; report of a case and review of the literature.

Abstract A case of primary squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine corpus is presented, the twenty-fifth reported in the medical literature. This lesion occurred in an asymptomatic 78-year-old white woman with no abnormal physical signs. It would have escaped early detection had it not been for a routine cytologic smear. Theories of the histogenesis of squamous epithelium occurring in the uterine cavity are reviewed, as are the various etiological factors involved.
Gastroparesis in children.

Purpose of reviewGastroparesis is a disorder with delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. It is one of the more common dysmotilities that occur in the gastrointestinal tract, and is thought to primarily affect adults. Pediatric cases of gastroparesis were considered rare;
Prefrontal Single-Neuron Responses after Changes in Task Contingencies during Trace Eyeblink Conditioning in Rabbits.

A number of studies indicate that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a role in mediating the expression of behavioral responses during tasks that require flexible changes in behavior. During trace eyeblink conditioning, evidence suggests that the mPFC provides the cerebellum with a persistent input to bridge the temporal gap between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Therefore, the mPFC is in a position to directly mediate the expression of trace conditioned responses. However, it is unknown whether persistent neural responses are associated with the flexible expression of behavior when task contingencies are changed during trace eyeblink conditioning. To investigate this, single-unit activity was recorded in the mPFC of rabbits during extinction and reacquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning, and during training to a different conditional stimulus. Persistent responses remained unchanged after full extinction, and also did not change during reacquisition training. During training to a different tone, however, the generalization of persistent responses to the new stimulus was associated with an animal’s performance—when persistent responses generalized to the new tone, performance was high (>50% response rate). When persistent responses decreased to baseline rates, performance was poor (<50% response rate). The data suggest that persistent mPFC responses do not appear to mediate flexible changes in the expression of the original learning, but do appear to play a role in the generalization of that learning when the task is modified.
Types of evidence

Casual observation provides the weakest type of evidence. Non-experimental data improves upon casual observation, but it is a poor guide, especially in complex situations. The primary focus in this book is on experimental evidence. The types of evidence are described in this section.
Novel allele-dependent role for APOE in controlling the rate of synapse pruning by astrocytes

The strongest genetic risk factor influencing susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. APOE has three common isoforms in humans, E2, E3, and E4. The presence of two copies of the E4 allele increases risk by ∼12-fold whereas E2 allele is associated with an ∼twofold decreased risk for AD. These data put APOE central to AD pathophysiology, but it is not yet clear how APOE alleles modify AD risk. Recently we found that astrocytes, a major central nervous system cell type that produces APOE, are highly phagocytic and participate in normal synapse pruning and turnover. Here, we report a novel role for APOE in controlling the phagocytic capacity of astrocytes that is highly dependent on APOE isoform. APOE2 enhances the rate of phagocytosis of synapses by astrocytes, whereas APO4 decreases it. We also found that the amount of C1q protein accumulation in hippocampus, which may represent the accumulation of senescent synapses with enhanced vulnerability to complement-mediated degeneration, is highly dependent on APOE alleles: C1q accumulation was significantly reduced in APOE2 knock-in (KI) animals and was significantly increased in APOE4 KI animals compared with APOE3 KI animals. These studies reveal a novel allele-dependent role for APOE in regulating the rate of synapse pruning by astrocytes. They also suggest the hypothesis that AD susceptibility of APOE4 may originate in part from defective phagocytic capacity of astrocytes which accelerates the rate of accumulation of C1q-coated senescent synapses, enhancing synaptic vulnerability to classical-complement-cascade mediated neurodegeneration.
Does time difference between countries reduce bilateral trade? An application of the correlated random effects method using panel data

ABSTRACTThis article implements the correlated random effects (CRE) panel data technique in a gravity framework to analyse the effect of time difference between countries on bilateral trade. One major advantage of the CRE approach over the fixed-effects approach is that it is able to estimate the effect of variables that remain unchanged within panel clusters (e.g. time difference between countries), while these variables get dropped from regressions that use fixed-effects methods. Regression results based on the CRE Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator indicate statistically significant negative effect of time difference between countries on bilateral trade. An additional hour of time difference between countries is found to reduce bilateral merchandise exports by approximately 8%, even after controlling for the effect of distance in the regressions.
Patterns of care, predictors and outcomes of chemotherapy for uterine carcinosarcoma: A National Cancer Database analysis

Abstract Objective Evaluate rates of chemotherapy and radiotherapy delivery in the treatment of uterine carcinosarcoma, and compare clinical outcomes of treated and untreated patients. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried to identify patients diagnosed with uterine carcinosarcoma between 2003 and 2011. The impact of chemotherapy on survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results A total of 10,609 patients met study eligibility criteria. Stages I, II, III, and IV disease accounted for 2997 (28.2%), 642 (6.1%), 2037 (19.2%), and 1316 (12.4%) of the study population, respectively. Most patients (91.0%) underwent definitive surgery, and lymphadenectomy was performed in 68.7% of the patients. Chemotherapy was administered in 2378 (22.4%) patients, radiotherapy to 2196 (20.7%), adjuvant chemo-radiation to 1804 (17.0%), and 4231 (39.9%) of women did not received adjuvant therapy. Utilization of chemotherapy became more frequent over time. Over the entire study period, after adjusting for race, period of diagnosis, facility location, facility type, insurance provider, stage, age, treatment modality, lymph node dissection, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity index, there was an association between treatment modality and survival. The lowest hazard ratio observed was in patients that received chemo-radiation. The strongest quantitative predictor of death was stage at the time of diagnosis. In addition, surgical treatment, lymph node dissection, most recent time-periods, lower comorbidity index, and higher socioeconomic status were associated with improved survival. Conclusion The overall rates of chemotherapy use have increased over time. Adjuvant chemotherapy and chemo-radiation were associated with improved survival.
A Qualitative Study of Motivations for Minority Recruitment in Cancer Clinical Trials Across Five NCI-Designated Cancer Centers

Background Minority enrollment in cancer clinical trials is traditionally low. In light of this fact, numerous studies have investigated barriers to recruitment and retention within minority populations. However, very little research has investigated the importance of clinicians’ and researchers’ motivations for minority recruitment in cancer clinical trials. Therefore, we sought to examine motivations for minority recruitment across four professional stakeholder groups (principal investigators, clinicians, research staff, and Cancer Center leaders) at five National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers.
7 Characters and Class Functions

In this chapter, we work exclusively over \(\mathbb{C}\), although most of the results hold in greater generality (cf. [MQS15], where the theory is worked out over an arbitrary field). We study the ring \(\mathop{\mathrm{Cl}}\nolimits (M)\) of class functions on a finite monoid M. It turns out that \(\mathop{\mathrm{Cl}}\nolimits (M)\cong \mathbb{C} \otimes _{\mathbb{Z}}\mathop{ G_{0}}\nolimits (\mathbb{C}M)\). The character table of a monoid is defined and shown to be invertible. In fact, it is block upper triangular with group character tables on the diagonal blocks. Inverting the character table allows us to determine, in principle, the composition factors of a representation directly from its character. The fundamental results of this chapter are due to McAlister [McA72] and, independently, to Rhodes and Zalcstein [RZ91].
Role of Stress in Urticaria Syndrome

Uritcarias are a group of condition resulting in acute illness or chronic relapsing and remitting condition. Urticaria has long been thought to have a connection to the environmental, physical and psychological stress however, in most cases this connection is overlooked. This chapter attempts to clarify definition and history of stress as a phenomenon and how it was conceptualized to play a predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating part in many illnesses especially urticaria. The chapter also aims tooutline some of the basic psychotheraputic and psychotropic management approaches that can be employed in patients with urticaria who has comorbid psychiatric illness. The role of stress on the pathophysiology of urticaria though still developing, is now becoming more clear then previously and may aid us to think more clearly how we can help us to better manage urticaria and to educate our patients to cope with their stress in a healthy way to improve their chances of better outcome of their urticarial disease.
Ultrafast Gating Of Proximity Focused Microchannel-Plate Intensifiers

Proximity-focused, microchannel-plate (MCP) image intensifiers have been used at Los Alamos for many years to allow single frame film and video exposure times in the range of 2.5 to 10 ns. There is now a program to reduce gating times to <1 ns. This paper reviews previous work and the problems in achieving good resolution with gating times of <1 ns. The key problems involve applying fast electrical gating signals to the tube elements. We present computer modeling studies of the combined tube, tube connection, and pulser system and show that low photocathode surface resistivity must be obtained to permit fast gating between the photocathode and the MCP input. We discuss ways of making low-resistivity S20 photocathodes, using gallium arsenide photocathodes, and various means of gating the tubes. A variety of pulser designs are being experimentally evaluated including spark gaps, avalanche transistors, Krytron tubes with sharpening gaps, step recovery diodes, and photoconductive elements (PCEs). The results of these studies are presented. Because of the high capacitances involved in most gating schemes, the tube connection geometry must be of low-impedance design, and our solution is presented. Finally, ways of testing these high-speed camera systems are discussed.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nonwoven Polymer Nanofiber Coatings That Inhibit Quorum Sensing in Staphylococcus aureus: Toward New Nonbactericidal Approaches to Infection Control.

We report the fabrication and biological evaluation of nonwoven polymer nanofiber coatings that inhibit quorum sensing (QS) and virulence in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Our results demonstrate that macrocyclic peptide 1, a potent and synthetic nonbactericidal quorum sensing inhibitor (QSI) in S. aureus, can be loaded into degradable polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and that this approach can deposit QSI-loaded nanofiber coatings onto model nonwoven mesh substrates. The QSI was released over ∼3 weeks when these materials were incubated in physiological buffer, retained its biological activity, and strongly inhibited agr-based QS in a GFP reporter strain of S. aureus for at least 14 days without promoting cell death. These materials also inhibited production of hemolysins, a QS-controlled virulence phenotype, and reduced the lysis of erythrocytes when placed in contact with wild-type S. aureus growing on surfaces. This approach is modular and can be used with many different polymers, acti...
Confinement Effects on Radiation Response of SOI FinFETs at the Scaling Limit

This letter demonstrates the impact of carrier confinement on the radiation response of Si-based SOI finFETS toward the scaling limit. A comparison between the semi-classical and quantum (i.e., self-consistent Schrodinger–Poisson) calculations establishes the significance of confinement effects in determining the experimentally observed radiation response as fin width is scaled to a few nanometers. This letter reveals that reduction in ionizing radiation sensitivity as a function of scaling is not only due to improved electrostatic control, but also due to reduced oxide fields resulting from size quantization and carrier confinement inside the channel of the device.
Theory of chaotic orbital variations confirmed by Cretaceous geological evidence

Variations in the Earth's orbit and spin vector are a primary control on insolation and climate; their recognition in the geological record has revolutionized our understanding of palaeoclimate dynamics, and has catalysed improvements in the accuracy and precision of the geological timescale. Yet the secular evolution of the planetary orbits beyond 50 million years ago remains highly uncertain, and the chaotic dynamical nature of the Solar System predicted by theoretical models has yet to be rigorously confirmed by well constrained (radioisotopically calibrated and anchored) geological data. Here we present geological evidence for a chaotic resonance transition associated with interactions between the orbits of Mars and the Earth, using an integrated radioisotopic and astronomical timescale from the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin of what is now North America. This analysis confirms the predicted chaotic dynamical behaviour of the Solar System, and provides a constraint for refining numerical solutions for insolation, which will enable a more precise and accurate geological timescale to be produced.
Maternal experience raising girls with autism spectrum disorder: a qualitative study.

Background A growing line of research has sought to characterize the different presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among boys and girls. Much less is known about maternal experience and mother–child relationship in children with ASD based on child gender. The present qualitative study aimed to investigate the mother–daughter relationship from the perspective of mothers who are raising girls with ASD with normal intelligence and functional verbal communication. Methods Eleven in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers of girls with ASD, ages 10–19 years. Data were analysed in an interactive process commonly used in naturalistic inquiry. Results provide insight into the unique maternal experience of raising a daughter with ASD. Results Mothers reported a sense of exclusion from the neurotypical population and male-dominant ASD population and transformation in relationship. Themes identified were skepticism and delayed diagnosis, disbelief from others, lack of information about girls with ASD, higher social demands in adolescence, puberty challenges around hygiene, disappointment about physical appearance, vulnerability in relationships and worries about future functioning. The mother–daughter relationship started with an early expectation of a close and intimate relationship that then underwent a transformation, which challenged maternal competence, reshaped expectations and created a different bond between mother and daughter. Conclusions The findings in this qualitative study highlight the impact of gender on the maternal experience of raising a daughter with ASD and contribute to a better understanding of the needs of both mothers and daughters. These results can help providers support the mother–daughter dyad by recognizing gender-specific challenges.
Medical student resilience and stressful clinical events during clinical training.

ABSTRACTBackground: Medical students face numerous stressors during their clinical years, including difficult clinical events. Fostering resilience is a promising way to mitigate negative effects of stressors, prevent burnout, and help students thrive after difficult experiences. However, little is known about medical student resilience.Objective: To characterize medical student resilience and responses to difficult clinical events during clinical training.Design: Sixty-two third-year (MS3) and 55 fourth-year (MS4) University of Chicago medical students completed surveys in 2016 assessing resilience (Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC 10), symptoms of burnout, need for resilience training, and responses to difficult clinical events.Results: Medical student mean resilience was lower than in a general population sample. Resilience was higher in males, MS4s, those without burnout symptoms, and students who felt able to cope with difficult clinical events. When students experienced difficult events in ...