cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction technique.

In UTMD, bioactive molecules, such as negatively charged plasmid DNA vectors encoding a gene of interest, are added to the cationic shells of lipid microbubble contrast agents7-9. In mice these vector-carrying microbubbles can be administered intravenously or directly to the left ventricle of the heart. In larger animals they can also be infused through an intracoronary catheter. The subsequent delivery from the circulation to a target organ occurs by acoustic cavitation at a resonant frequency of the microbubbles. It seems likely that the mechanical energy generated by the microbubble destruction results in transient pore formation in or between the endothelial cells of the microvasculature of the targeted region10. As a result of this sonoporation effect, the transfection efficiency into and across the endothelial cells is enhanced, and transgene-encoding vectors are deposited into the surrounding tissue. Plasmid DNA remaining in the circulation is rapidly degraded by nucleases in the blood, which further reduces the likelihood of delivery to non-sonicated tissues and leads to highly specific target-organ transfection.
Stellar atmosphere in statistical equilibrium

A static atmosphere with only Lyman continuum radiation in radiative equilibrium is studied for the effects of radiative and collisional ionization on deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). Large increases and decreases of the kinetic temperature (range in T of about factor 2) and, correspondingly, very large over- and underpopulation of the bound state (range in b of about factor 1,000,000) are found, depending on the frequency dependence of the photoionization cross section. Despite these large deviations from LTE, which strongly modify the emergent spectrum, there is almost no effect on the particle densities, the degree of ionization, and the basic structure of the atmosphere.
Prevalence and offense characteristics of multiple casualty homicides: are schools at higher risk than other locations?

OBJECTIVE: In light of public concern about school shootings, this study examined the prevalence and offense characteristics of multiple casualty homicides across locations. METHOD: We used the FBI's National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to examine 18,873 homicide incidents involving 25,180 victims who were either killed or injured from 2005 through 2010. RESULTS: Multiple casualty homicides were surprisingly common events, with approximately 22% of homicide incidents involving 2 or more victims. Multiple casualty homicides were much more common in residences (47%) versus schools (0.8%), but homicides in residences tended to have 1 victim (78%) rather than multiple victims (22%), whereas homicides in schools were about equally likely to have 1 victim (57%) or multiple victims (43%). Multiple homicides were more likely to involve firearms than weapons such as knives or blunt objects. Finally, there were statistical differences in offense characteristics for homicides with 1, 2, and 3 victims. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the public perception that schools are a high-risk location for homicides is inaccurate. Although concern about school shootings is understandable, the larger problem of multiple casualty shootings is more common in other locations which do not receive comparable media attention. Language: en
From the guest editor medical data mining and knowledge discovery

Medical Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery * Legal Policy and Security Issues in the Handling of Medical Data * Medical Natural Language Understanding as a Supporting Technology for Data Mining in Healthcare * Anatomic Pathology Data Mining * A Data Clustering and Visualization Methodology for Epidemiological Pathology Discoveries * Mining Structure-Function Associations in a Brain Image Database * ADRIS * Knowledge Discovery in Mortality Records: An Info-Fuzzy Approach * Consistent and Complete Data and "Expert" Mining in Medicine * A Medical Data Mining Application Based on Evolutionary Computation * Methods of Temporal Data Validation and Abstraction in High-Frequency Domains * Data Mining the Matrix Associated Regions for Gene Therapy * Discovery of Temporal Patterns in Sparse Course-of-Disease Data * Data Mining-Based Modeling of Human Visual Perception * Discovery of Clinical Knowledge in Databases Extracted from Hospital Information Systems * Knowledge Discovery in Time Series.
Evaluation of Certain Hypotensive Agents V: Substituted polymethylenediamines

The hypotensive activity of a series of substituted alkylenediamines was investigated in anesthetized rats and dogs. N , N ′-Bis-[α-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-ethylenediamine dimaleate (JB 5058) produced marked hypotensive effects of long duration in both species of animals. JB 5058 reversed the pressor response to epinephrine, 2 mcg./Kg., and decreased the pressor response to levarterenol, 2 mcg./Kg.; angiotensin II, 1 mcg./Kg.; and bilateral carotid occlusion. The oral administration of the compound to normotensive animals produced a mild transient depression of systolic blood pressure; however, 40 mg./Kg. administered orally to renal hypertensive dogs produced a marked decrease in systolic blood pressure which persisted from 34 to 57 hours. The data suggest that the primary mechanism of the hypotensive activity of JB 5058 is competitive blockade of the α adrenergic receptors.
Initial Labor Market Conditions and Long-Term Outcomes for Economists

Each year, graduate students entering the academic job market worry that they will suffer due to uncontrollable macroeconomic risk. Given the importance of general human capital and the relative ease of publicly observing productivity in academia, one might expect that long-term labor market outcomes for students graduating in unfavorable climates will resemble long-term outcomes for those graduating in favorable climates. In this paper, I analyze the relationship between macroeconomic conditions at graduation, initial job placement, and long-term outcomes for Ph.D. economists from seven programs. Using macroeconomic conditions as an instrument for initial placement, I show that a quality and type of initial job have a causal effect on long-term job characteristics. I also show that better initial placement increases research productivity, which helps to limit the set of economic models that can explain the effect of initial placement on long-term jobs.
Prophylactic and preemptive therapies for hepatitis C virus-infected patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Key Points 1. Preclinical data from chimpanzees and studies in hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected transplant recipients suggest prophylactic HCV antibody therapy may have a role in the prevention of HCV recurrence. 2. There are insufficient data available to evaluate the efficacy of this therapeutic approach. A small study found no benefit. Other ongoing studies using alternative antibody preparations and more intensive dosing schedules are underway. 3. Preemptive antiviral therapy, started within the first 4 weeks posttransplantation and prior to the onset of clinical signs and symptoms, is effective in some patients (5–33%) and is not associated with an increased risk of acute rejection. Tolerability of antiviral agents in the early posttransplantation period may be a factor limiting treatment efficacy. 4. It is unclear whether the preemptive antiviral treatment is superior to delaying treatment until recurrent disease is present and controlled trials addressing this issue are needed.
A comparison of measured and modeled ozone uptake into plant leaves.

Abstract Ozone uptake into plant leaves was measured in gas exchange chambers using a mass balance and a variable conductance approach. The variable conductance approach was found to more reliably measure ozone flux through stomata. Measurements using this approach were contrasted with estimates obtained by measuring stomatal conductance gsw and modeling ozone uptake using a diffusion equation, assuming a negligible ozone concentration in the substomatal cavity. Actual measurements of uptake were close, but slightly higher than modeled values, providing some support to the idea that substomatal ozone concentrations are close to zero. However, the difference between measured and modeled uptake values suggests either that (i) variable conductance approach measures more ozone uptake than caused by stomatal uptake alone or (ii) ozone conductance is underestimated.
Hydrodynamical Simulations of H alpha Emission in Algol Binaries

Two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of mass transfer in short period Algol type binaries were performed using the numerical code VH−1. This code uses the Piecewise Parabolic Method with a Lagrangian Remap. Our version of the code also accounts for radiative cooling processes. The purpose of performing the simulations was to study the H α emission from circumstellar gas in the Algols. Using observational evidence from the literature to constrain the gas stream properties, hydrodynamical maps of the H α emissivity in the two systems β Per ( P = 2.87 d ) and TT Hya ( P = 6.95 d ) were made in both Cartesian and velocity coordinates from the simulation data. The velocity maps were then compared to Doppler tomograms constructed from observed H α line emission in these systems. Since the tomograms cannot be directly transformed to maps of emission in spatial coordinates, the simulated Cartesian maps enable us to interpret the dynamical processes which produce the features observed in the Doppler tomograms. We find that the simulations produce asymmetric accretion structures with many features similar to those found in the Doppler tomograms of Algol systems.
The ontomystical argument revisited

I argue that Alexander Pruss’s ontomystical arguments should not be endorsed without further argumentative support of their premises. My specific targets are his claims that (i) Śamkara’s principle is true and (ii) the high mystics had phenomenal experiences of radical dependence and as of a maximally great being. Against (i), I urge a host of counterexamples. The only ways I can see for Pruss to respond to these counterexamples end up falsifying (ii). The key problem which leads to this conclusion is that Pruss needs a criterion for distinguishing phenomenal experiences from non-phenomenal experiences according to which the experiences of the high mystics were phenomenal experiences while the experiences of those persons I discuss in my counterexamples to Śamkara’s principle are not. There appears to be no such criterion. I suggest that the future of the ontomystical arguments lies in developing them as inductive rather than deductive arguments.
Technological innovation and the trucking industry: Information revolution and the effect on the work process

The trucking industry has experienced a drastic change in competitive forces in the past 20 years. These changes have led to longer hours and lower wages and arguably to greater risk to drivers' health and safety. They have also led carriers to implement new technologies, especially information technology, to compete successfully. While basic freight handling has undergone marginal changes (manual fork lifts giving way to powered fork lifts; drag lines and hand carts giving way to conveyors), and various truck technology improvements have led to greater safety (anti-lock brakes and collision avoidance technology), the basic work process has not changed greatly. The greatest changes have come from the introduction of information technology. Carriers use sophisticated routing and scheduling algorithms to increase the efficiency of their dispatch systems and hence the efficiency with which they use labor. Modern computing systems, with processor speed and storage capabilities hundreds of times greater than those of the biggest and fastest computers a human generation ago, allow carriers to process information efficiently and maximize their use of resources. Satellites and other modern telecommunications devices have made it possible to communicate with the truck and driver, monitoring both the truck's mechanical activity and location as well as driver practices. With the advent of the Internet, carriers can attempt to track shipments and vehicles to provide nearly real time information management, overcoming one of the greatest transportation problems.
Purification and properties of purified hexokinase from the African trypanosomes and Trypanosoma equiperdum.

SYNOPSIS. Hexokinase was in both soluble and particulate fractions of extracts of Trypanosoma brucei, T. gambiense, T. rhodesiense and T. equiperdum. These enzymes have been purified some 350-fold from crude extracts by sonication, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, and DEAE Sephadex column chromatography. Purified hexokinases had: A) temperature optimum 45-50 C; B) pH optimum 6.5-7.0; C) Mg++ and ATP requirements; D) inhibition by ADP, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, glucose-6-phosphate, and competitive inhibition by mannose, glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and xylose; E) ability to phosphorylate glucose, fructose, mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and glucosamine; F) a glucose requirement for stabilization. T. equiperdum hexokinase was inhibited 33% by ADP as compared to 17-20% with brucei group hexokinase, and showed 22% activity when ITP was substituted for ATP in contrast to 35-40% with brucei group hexokinase.
Dendron‐Functionalized Bis(terpyridine)–Iron(II) or –Cadmium(II) Metallomacrocycles: Synthesis, Traveling‐Wave Ion‐Mobility Mass Spectrometry, and Photophysical Properties

The synthesis, purification, structural analysis, and photophysical properties of a series of five-, six-, and seven-sided Fe II macrocycles and the corresponding hexameric Cd II macrocy- cle, all prepared by self-assembly of a 1208 bis(terpyridine) ligand modified with first- and second-generation 1!3 C-branched dendrons, are reported. All metallomacrocycles were fully charac- terized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectrosco- py, traveling-wave ion-mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM MS), molecular modeling, UV/Vis absorption spectros- copy, photoluminescence, and cyclic voltammetry. A gradual increase of the collision cross sections of the Fe II met- allomacrocycles was observed with a successive increase of the number and molecular size of the ligands. The com- bination of ion-mobility mass spec- trometry and NMR techniques unveils structural features that agree well with calculations. Extinction coefficients and emission are significantly modulated by increasing the ring size and changing the metal ion center from Fe II to Cd II .
"Nonspecific" interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Association with asbestos fibers detected by electron microscopy.

ELECTRON microscopy has only recently been applied to "idiopathic" interstitial pulmonary reactions. In 1971, we described a patient with interstitial granulomas and fibrosis indistinguishable from...
The incidence of imaging findings, and the distribution of skeletal lymphoma in a consecutive patient population seen over 5 years.

To determine the imaging incidence, distribution, and prognosis of primary and secondary osseous lymphoma from a consective, single-institution patient population seen over a 5-year period. Of 1098 newly diagnosed consecutively seen patients with lymphoma between 1996 and 2000, 975 comprised the study group. From the electronic medical records and imaging studies, age, gender, date of diagnosis of lymphoma, bone involvement, location in bone, multifocality in bone, histopathologic type of the lesion and patient survival were recorded. Primary lymphoma of bone was defined as osseous disease with or without regional node involvement and no evidence of systemic disease for 6 months. Secondary osseous lymphoma was considered present when osseous lymphoma was associated with systemic disease or the appearance of systemic disease within 6 months of osseous disease. Ninety-eight patients had osseous lymphoma (10%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 8.2, 11.9). Ages ranged from 9 to 92 years (mean 54) and gender 6:4 (M:F). Ten patients (1%) had primary lymphoma of bone. Eighty-eight patients (9%) had secondary lymphoma of bone. The vertebral column was the favored site for secondary osseous lymphoma. At 5 years, there were no deaths in the primary osseous lymphoma group and a 51% mortality rate in the secondary osseous lymphoma group. Primary lymphoma of bone remains a rare primary malignancy, favors the appendicular skeleton, and has a significantly better 5-year prognosis than secondary lymphoma of bone.
Stress analysis of 3-dimensional IC package as function of structural design parameters

Solid Liquid Inter-Diffusion (SLID) is a technology that has recently been utilized to fabricate 3D ICs. Since application of this technology is in its infancy stages, manufacturability and reliability of these bonds are still under heavy investigations. This study presents an elastic-plastic finite element and analytical analyses that were implemented to evaluate effect of package design parameters on thermo-mechanical reliability of the SLID bonds and copper interconnects. A numerical experiment is designed in which several design parameters; die thickness, bond size, underfill stiffness and substrate thickness, are varied in 3 levels. Stress in SLID bonds and in copper interconnects were evaluated using the 3-dimensional finite element analysis as well as an analytical approach. The results show that die and substrate thicknesses are the most influential factors among the selected parameters on stress at the interface and on copper interconnects. Main effect results for stress analysis in SLID bonds using finite element shows that die thickness and underfill stiffness are the most influential factors in defining stress at SLID bonds. Results of the analytical approach confirm the finite element analysis. It is shown that effect of interconnect size and pitch is very small compared to die thickness. In average increasing die thickness increases both shear and peeling stresses at the interfaces and copper interconnects.
Cardiovascular Risk and α-Linolenic Acid Can Costa Rica Clarify?

Interest is increasing in the potential cardioprotective role of ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs). Most of the evidence supporting this hypothesis has been derived from studies of the longer-chain members of the n-3 family, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), found in fish oils.1 The value of the shorter-chain cousin, α-linolenic acid (ALA), found in certain plant oils (flaxseed, soybean, canola, walnut) has been less clear.2 If ALA were able to do the same “heavy lifting” that EPA and DHA do, this would be welcomed news because the capacity to produce ALA is essentially limitless, whereas there are only so many fish in the sea. Campos and colleagues report in this issue of Circulation the results of a major study conducted in Costa Rica that provided new evidence that higher ALA intakes are associated with reduced risk for nonfatal myocardial infarction.3 Article p 339 Three weeks after surviving a heart attack, 1819 patients provided an adipose tissue biopsy for analysis of FA stores and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. A similar number of matching controls did the same. The authors reported a strong inverse association between myocardial infarction case status and ALA tissue levels across the range of 0.4% to 1% of total adipose tissue FAs, and this corresponded to intakes between 0.4% and 0.9% of total energy (or 1 to 2.4 g ALA per day). This is remarkably …
Student Perceptions of Factors Contributing to Community-College-to-University Transfer Success

The transfer process includes areas such as academic preparation and advisement, transfer evaluation, financial aid, and psychosocial factors. A descriptive, exploratory method was employed to capture the perceptions of a transfer student cohort regarding their experiences in transitioning from lower division community college enrollment to upper-division, baccalaureate work. Using semistructured interviews within a focus group setting, and a follow-up survey, the study explored students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of their transfer experience. Three factors were identified as impediments to a successful transfer experience: (a) the quality of academic advisement, (b) access to financial aid, and (c) social and cultural issues.
Ovarian embedding of a transmigrated intrauterine device: a case report and literature review

To report an unusual location of a transmigrated IUD which become embedded in the right ovary causing chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia. A 22-year-old woman who had an IUD (Copper T), inserted 7 years ago presented with complaint of lower abdominal pain. Pelvic ultrasonographic examination revealed ovarian embedding of the IUD. Laparoscopic IUD removal was successfully performed. De novo lower abdominal pain in a woman with an IUD in situ should alert the clinician to the possibility of total or partial transmigration of the device into the pelvis or abdomen. Ovarian penetration is very rare and this is the second case of IUD transmigration into the ovary reported in the medical literature.
A Definitional Context For Some Socio-Moral Characteristics of Sport

(1979). A Definitional Context For Some Socio-Moral Characteristics of Sport. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 39-47.
Amino-steroids as inhibitors and probes of the active site of cytochrome P-450scc. Effects on the enzyme from different sources.

Abstract A series of analogues of cholesterol, each having a primary amine attached to a shortened side chain, were tested for their effects on cytochrome P-450scc from several different sources. Reconstituted enzyme systems using disrupted mitochondria from bovine adrenal and placenta, adult human adrenal and placenta, neonatal human adrenal, and rat adrenal and testis were used to assay for inhibitory effects on the side chain cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone. Two of the derivatives tested, 22-amino-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3β-ol and 23-amino-24-nor-5-cholen-3β-ol, were found to be potent inhibitors of this reaction; the derivatives in which the amine was attached closer to or further from the steroid ring, (20R and S)-20-amino-5-pregnen-3β-ol and 24-amino-5-cholen-3β-ol, were much weaker inhibitors. In addition, spectral studies with rat adrenal mitochondria and a soluble preparation of human placental cytochrome P-450scc showed that binding of the 22-amine derivative to the enzyme produces difference spectra characteristic of nitrogen bonding to the heme; this indicates that the heme is positioned close to C-22 in the steroid-enzyme complex. These findings on the relative effectiveness of the amino-steroid inhibitors and the type of complex formed are similar to results obtained with purified bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc. This establishes that the proximity of the substrate binding site and the heme-iron catalytic site is a feature common to the enzyme from several sources and is therefore likely to be a necessary property of the active site structure.
Factorial experiments in sequence: The attainment of optimum conditions for a decontamination process

The advantages of factorial design are first illustrated by a simple experiment devoted to the effect of two pH factors and an iron-concentration factor on the efficiency of a decontamination process employing iron sulfide as a scavenging agent. The broadening of the base of an investigation by the expansion of a factorial is illustrated by addition of the sulfide concentration as a factor. Finally the principle of expanded factorials is further utilized in the later phases of the study, in which additional levels are assigned to the pH factors in order to arrive at a closer estimate of the optimum conditions for the process.
Cultural implications of implementing TQM in Poland

Abstract The management of individuals in different cultural contexts has often failed to address how the implicit cultural assumptions embedded in well-known managerial programs may conflict with dominant cultural values. This paper presents three possible conditions that may occur when the values embedded in a given management approach meet the values held within a specific cultural context. The case of TQM implementation in Valvex, a Polish valve manufacturer, illustrates these three conditions and ways in which managers can address them.
Activation of retinoic acid receptor-α favours regulatory T cell induction at the expense of IL-17-secreting T helper cell differentiation

Autoimmunity is thought to reflect an imbalance between regulatory T helper lymphocytes (Treg) and pathogenic, IL-17-secreting T helper (Th17) cells. Induction of both adaptive Treg and Th17 cells requires signalling from TGF-beta. We now show that, in the context of TGF-beta signalling, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) leads to increased induction of CD4(+) T cells expressing the Treg specification factor forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3) and decreased frequency of cells expressing IL-17, even in the presence of IL-6. Using a specific agonist and antagonist, as well as retroviral over-expression, we also provide evidence that the effects of ATRA are likely to be at least partially mediated by the nuclear retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha). These findings indicate that signalling through a specific nuclear retinoic acid receptor can favour the decision to adopt the Treg fate at the expense of Th17 fate. Specific agonists of RARalpha could, therefore, be considered candidates for the treatment of autoimmunity.
Unexpected potential of adult stem cells

We have identified a population of primitive cells in normal human (h) as well as murine (m) and rat (r), postnatal bone marrow (BM) that have, at the single cell level, multipotent differentiation and extensive proliferation potential, which we named Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cell or MAPC. MAPC differentiate in vitro into most mesodermal cell types (cells with characteristics of osteoblasts, chondroblasts, fibroblasts, adipocytes, skeletal, smooth and cardiac myoblasts, endothelial cells), as well as cells with neuroectodermal and with endodermal features. Using retroviral marking we have shown that multi-lineage differentiation is derived from single MAPC. MAPC express active telomerase and can undergo 100+ cell doublings without telomere shortening, suggesting that they do not senesce. MAPC express oct-4 mRNA. MAPC engraft in vivo and persist for 6+ months, differentiate into hematopoietic and epithelial cells in response to local “cues”, and contribute to all somatic cell types when injected in the blastocyst. The finding that stem cells exist in post-natal tissues with previously unknown proliferation and differentiation potential opens up the possibility of using autologous stem cells to treat a host of degenerative, traumatic or congenital diseases.
Psychological characteristics and perceptions of stuttering of adults who stutter with and without support group experience.

Abstract Purpose To compare adults who stutter with and without support group experience on measures of self-esteem, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, self-stigma, perceived stuttering severity, perceived origin and future course of stuttering, and importance of fluency. Method Participants were 279 adults who stutter recruited from the National Stuttering Association and Board Recognized Specialists in Fluency Disorders. Participants completed a Web-based survey comprised of various measures of well-being including the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, a measure of perceived stuttering severity, the Self-Stigma of Stuttering Scale, and other stuttering-related questions. Results Participants with support group experience as a whole demonstrated lower internalized stigma, were more likely to believe that they would stutter for the rest of their lives, and less likely to perceive production of fluent speech as being highly or moderately important when talking to other people, compared to participants with no support group experience. Individuals who joined support groups to help others feel better about themselves reported higher self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction, and lower internalized stigma and perceived stuttering severity, compared to participants with no support group experience. Participants who stutter as an overall group demonstrated similar levels of self-esteem, higher self-efficacy, and lower life satisfaction compared to averages from normative data for adults who do not stutter. Conclusions Findings support the notion that self-help support groups limit internalization of negative attitudes about the self, and that focusing on helping others feel better in a support group context is linked to higher levels of psychological well-being. Educational objectives: At the end of this activity the reader will be able to: (a) describe the potential psychological benefits of stuttering self-help support groups for people who stutter, (b) contrast between important aspects of well-being including self-esteem self-efficacy, and life satisfaction, (c) summarize differences in self-esteem, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, self-stigma, perceived stuttering severity, and perceptions of stuttering between adults who stutter with and without support group experience, (d) summarize differences in self-esteem, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction between adults who stutter and normative data for adults who do not stutter.
Crossing party lines:Political identity and partisans’ reactions to violating party norms

The current studies examined the experiences of undergraduate political partisans who cross party lines to support a preferred, out-of-party candidate, and thus open themselves to the possibility of being misclassified as a member of a rival political party. Strongly identified partisans who endorsed an out-of-party candidate, and thus expected others to misclassify them, reported heightened threats to belonging and coherence (Study 1), unless they disclaimed rival party status by asserting their political affiliation. In Study 2, strongly identified partisans who could be misclassified were less confident in their choice of an out-of-party candidate compared to partisans who asserted their political affiliation. These results highlight the impact of identity misclassification concerns on strongly identified partisans whose personal preferences are inconsistent with party norms.
Diode laser measurements of the band strengths of ν3 and ν6 in 12CH3D

Abstract A diode laser spectrometer has been used to measure line strengths for 143 transitions in the ν6 fundamental band of 12CH3D near 9 μm. These line-strength measurements have been used to derive a band strength for ν6 and ν3. The band strength derived for ν6 is 61.7 ± 1.8 cm−2 atm−1, and that for ν3 is 49.3 ± 1.4 cm−2 atm−1 at 395 K.
Saliva: a convenient source of DNA for analysis of bi-allelic polymorphisms of Fcγ receptor IIA (CD32) and Fcγ receptor IIIB (CD16)

Abstract Genetic polymorphisms of low-affinity IgG Fc receptors (Fc γ R) have been found to influence binding of human IgG subclass antibodies, and may influence susceptibility to certain types of infectious and autoimmune diseases. Phenotypic and/or genotypic analyses of Fc γ R polymorphisms have traditionally employed peripheral venous blood as a source of leukocytes or genomic DNA, respectively. The present study was undertaken to determine whether human salivary DNA is a suitable alternative to DNA extracted from blood for genetic analysis of Fc γ R allelic polymorphisms. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole saliva of 69 healthy adult volunteers using a commercial DNA purification kit. The average quantity of genomic DNA isolated per ml of saliva was 19.2±14.1 μ g. To assess intrasubject variation in yield of salivary DNA, ten saliva samples were collected from a single donor over a 3-month period. The average yield of DNA recovered from these samples was 25.2±13.7 μ g. Volumes of saliva as small as 100 μ l, as well as saliva samples stored at −70°C for prolonged periods (up to 6 years), provided DNA in amounts sufficient for PCR-based genetic analysis. Two comparative PCR assays were performed using DNA extracted from both peripheral blood and saliva from a number of individuals. The assays were able to detect a single nucleotide substitution (G→A) in the Fc γ RIIA gene, as well as two codominant alleles encoding the NA polymorphism in Fc γ RIIIB, respectively. Furthermore, Fc γ RIIA and Fc γ RIIIB genotype results were confirmed by quantitative flow cytometry using specific monoclonal antibodies. Complete concordance was achieved between the typing results of our salivary DNA, and blood DNA-based assays. Therefore, saliva appears to be an excellent source of DNA for studies of Fc γ RIIA and Fc γ RIIIB polymorphisms.
A New Multibreak Interrupter for Fast-Clearing Oil Circuit Breakers

A description of a new multibreak interrupter for fast clearing of short circuits applicable to high-voltage conventional tank-type oil circuit breakers. Breakers equipped with such interrupters were subjected to interrupting tests on large 138-kv and 230-kv systems during which short circuits as high as 2,000,000 kva were interrupted in less than five cycles. The results of those interrupting tests are shown and discussed.
The Relationship Between Quality of Goal Setting and Job Satisfaction in a Public Library Setting

A survey of branch staff in a large metropolitan public library examined four dimensions of perceived quality of goal setting- specificity, difficulty, feedback and parlicipation-as they related to overall satisfaclion, as well as satisfaction with job, supervisor, and co-workers. The relationships between job satisfaction and gender, education, occupational level, and tenure were also studied. Analysis revealed that a11 four dimensions of goal setting were correlated with overall job satisfaction. The pattern of correlations between subdimensions of both goal setting and job satisfaction varied, however, for professional and support staff.
Genomics: A spruce sequence.

The first published whole-genome draft sequence of a gymnosperm, the Norway spruce, provides a powerful platform for studying the unique development, adaptation and evolution of this major group of plants. See Article p.579 The first draft gymnosperm genome, that of a Norway spruce (Picea abies), is published this week by the Spruce Genome Project consortium. The genome is from a tree originally collected in 1959 in eastern Jamtland, central Sweden. At 20 gigabases, the genome is more than a hundred times larger than that of the model plant species Arabidopsis, but the two contain a similar number of genes. The large genome size is the result of an accumulation of transposable elements. Comparative sequencing of five further gymnosperm genomes suggests that transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. The sequence data are available for public access from the ConGenIE website ( http://congenie.org/ ).
Sensory and motor behaviors of infant siblings of children with and without autism.

We compared the sensory and motor behaviors of typically developing infants with those of infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), who are considered high risk for the disorder, to explore potential sensory and motor markers for use in early diagnosis of ASD. We compared frequencies of sensory and motor behaviors during 10-min, videotaped, infant–mother play sessions and during 5 min of spoon-feeding between groups of 12-mo-old infants. Data from standardized measures of development, sensory processing, and behaviors commonly associated with ASD were also analyzed descriptively for the high-risk group. The results indicated that high-risk infants demonstrated fewer movement transitions (t [23] = −2.4, p = .03) and less object manipulation (t [23] = −2.4, p = .03) than low-risk infants. The sensory and motor differences found between typical and high-risk infants suggest that early screenings for ASD should include the examination of sensory and motor behaviors.
Lipoprotein(a) associated with coronary artery disease in older women: age and gender analysis.

Abstract Background: Lipoprotein (a) has been associated with increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in men, but relatively little data exists in women. While age influences the cardiovascular risk associated with Lp(a) in men, little is known about this phenomenon in women. The impact of gender on Lp(a) has not been fully studied in an ongoing clinical practice. Methods and Results: Baseline Lp(a) values were measured in 918 CAD and 829 non-CAD patients (603 females, 1144 males) entering an outpatient prevention clinic. The age-specific association of elevated Lp(a) (>30 mg/dl) with CAD was examined after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Lp(a) was a significant risk factor (OR=1.9, CI, 1.4–2.6) in men and women (OR=1.9, CI 1.3–2.9). In men age ≤55 years the odds ratio for increased cardiovascular risk in high vs low Lp(a) was 2.5 (CI 1.6–3.9). In men ≤55, CAD increased from 32 to 61% as Lp(a) progressively rose from ≤5 to ≥45 mg/dl (P value for trend 55 years (OR=1.3, CI 0.9–2.1). In women ≤55 years, the risk of CAD increased from 22 to 35% (OR 1.6, CI 0.8–3.2), and increased from 38 to 63% in women >55 (OR 2.1, CI 1.3–3.5). Further, of high-risk patients (men ≤55 and women >55 years) with an Lp(a) in the range of 20–44mg/dl (third quartile), younger men showed a greater incidence of CAD (51%) than older women (43%). Both genders revealed substantial risk when the Lp(a) values were above 45 mg/dl. (OR=3.7,CI=2.0–6.8 in younger men; OR=3.3,CI=1.6–6.6 in older women). Conclusions: In this cross sectional study of both men and women, elevated Lp(a) was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAD in men and women. While we corroborate previous reports on the lack of association in older men, the determination of an enhanced Lp(a)-related risk in older women was new and unanticipated. Further, in this population of high risk patients, substantial cardiovascular risk appeared to be represented by higher concentrations of Lp(a) in women than observed in men.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of antibody-directed cell-mediated cytotoxicity to chicken red blood cells.

Abstract Prior treatment with commercially prepared and acetone-extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to suppress the expression of antibody-directed, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to chicken red blood cells (CRBC) by spleen cells from C57/BL10, C3H, and BALB/c mice. The in vitro incubation with commercial LPS suppressed ADCC-CRBC activity of spleen cells from both C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice. Only the C3H/HeN strain was suppressed when treated with purified LPS. ADCC-CRBC activity of neonatal spleen cells could be suppressed after a 3-hr in vivo incubation with LPS while adult spleen cells required a minimum of 15 hr preincubation.
Positive and negative photoresist applications of thin films surface‐photopolymerized from hexachlorobutadiene

Polymeric films deposited from the vapor of C4Cl6 by the surface-photopolymerization technique are electrically and mechanically continuous on various substrates when very thin. The thickness of the films depends upon irradiation time with wavelengths in the region 2000-3000A. Re-irradiation in oxygen (air) of the polymeric films with light of these low wavelengths leads to patterned removal of the films. Since films 500A thick and less can resist etchants for various substrates, a new and extremely thin positive photoresist system is possible. Resolution of etched substrates to lines a few microns wide has been demonstrated. If the polymeric films from C4Cl6 are deposited from the monomeric vapor at lower substrate temperatures they are soluble in various solvents. Re-irradiation with UV light with the films in vacuum produces a patterned fixing of the polymer with respect to acetone. A negative photoresist system is therefore possible. Again, films of thickness 500A and less can resist various etchants such that substrates can be etched to high resolution.
An information-theoretic approach to network monitoring and measurement

Network engineers and operators are faced with a number of challenges that arise in the context of network monitoring and measurement. These include: i) how much information is included in measurement traces and by how much can we compress those traces?, ii) how much information is captured by different monitoring paradigms and tools ranging from full packet header captures to flow-level captures (such as with NetFlow) to packet and byte counts (such as with SNMP)? and iii) how much joint information is included in traces collected at different points and can we take advantage of this joint information? In this paper we develop a network model and an information theoretic framework within which to address these questions. We use the model and the framework to first determine the benefits of compressing traces captured at a single monitoring point, and we outline approaches to achieve those benefits. We next consider the benefits of joint coding, or equivalently of joint compression of traces captured a different monitoring points. Finally, we examine the difference in information content when measurements are made at either the flow level or the packet/byte count level. In all of these cases, the effect of temporal and spatial correlation on the answers to the above questions is examined. Both our model and its predictions are validated against measurements taken from a large operational network.
Sedimentary processes and trace metal contaminants in the buccaneer oil/gas field, northwestern gulf of Mexico

Sediments are the ultimate sink for contaminants in the marine environment, and physical processes of sedimentation influence the distribution and accumulation of these contaminants. Evaluation of contaminant levels in sediments is one approach to assessing environmental impact; data interpretation depends on consideration of sediment texture and mineralogy, however, which profoundly influence chemical composition. In this study, comparison of potentially contaminated sediments from the production field with control populations was done only within the context of similar (as to texture and organic carbon and carbonate content) sample groups as determined by cluster analysis. Ba, Cd, and Sr are identified as contaminants. Supported by the identification of a well-crystallized expandable clay—possibly bentonite—drilling fluids are a potential source of Ba. Ba and Sr may be unnaturally high because of their abundance in discharged produced formation waters, but may also be naturally controlled by the unique faunal assemblage associated with the structures. Cd is probably derived from corrosion of the structures and assorted debris on the seafloor. In general, contamination is limited to an area within 100 m of the platforms. Furthermore, substantial erosion around platforms has probably effectively removed and dispersed the bulk of the contaminants introduced into the marine environment by the offshore exploration/production operations.
On some test statistics for testing homogeneity of variances: a comparative study

In this paper, we have reviewed 25 test procedures that are widely reported in the literature for testing the hypothesis of homogeneity of variances under various experimental conditions. Since a theoretical comparison was not possible, a simulation study has been conducted to compare the performance of the test statistics in terms of robustness and empirical power. Monte Carlo simulation was performed for various symmetric and skewed distributions, number of groups, sample size per group, degree of group size inequalities, and degree of variance heterogeneity. Using simulation results and based on the robustness and power of the tests, some promising test statistics are recommended for practitioners.
The social construction of management control systems

Abstract The management accounting literature borrows heavily and uncritically from neo-classical economics and its intellectual affiliates in organization theory. We review this theoretical legacy and offer an alternative, dialectical approach. This alternative theoretical structure addresses many of the deficiencies found in the existing literature by incorporating inter-organizational and social conflict, and by recognizing the social origins and social consequences of corporate control systems. A socio-historical study of General Motors' strategies of internationalization — spanning some 60 years — is used to illustrate the implications of the alternative approach for management accounting and organization theory.
Computer simulation of RF induction-heated argon plasma discharges at atmospheric pressure for spectrochemical analysis-I. preliminary investigations

Abstract Models of induction coupled plasma (ICP) discharges are developed for arrangements important in spectrochemical analysis. These models account for the spatial distribution of gas properties and major energy losses found in high temperature discharges. Realistic gas flows, and sample particle motion and decomposition are incorporated into the models. Computer simulations based on these models provide spatial temperature, gas velocity, sample concentration, and radiation distributions for a number of experimental ICP discharge configurations. The alteration of these distributions for various operational parameters permits evaluation of some important factors in developing spectroohemical analysis with the ICP source. Recognized differences between theory and experiment are discussed.
Differentiating preschoolers' sequential planning ability from their general intelligence: a study of organization, systematic responding, and efficiency in young children

Abstract Preschoolers' sequential planning ability was measured in three school-related tasks by assessing organization, systematic responding, and efficiency. Intelligence was assessed through the K-ABC, PPVT, and a Piagetian task. A factor analysis showed evidence of a sequential planning factor separate from an intelligence factor in children as young as 4 and 5. The results indicate that: (1) The ability to implement sequential plans generalizes across tasks rather than being specific to a particular task; and (2) The young children who excel in this ability are not necessarily the same as those with high IQs. In a second factor analysis, the three planning tasks were again included along with the IQ measures, but accuracy measures were substituted in place of the planning measures on these three tasks. When the reanalysis was performed, only one factor emerged, with the planning tasks now loading on the general intelligence factor. This indicates that the original finding, of separate sequential planning and IQ factors, was not an artifact of type of task.
Magnetic resonance imaging of adrenal cortical carcinoma

Five cases of adrenal cortical carcinoma examined with magnetic resonance (MR) are presented. Clinical histories, computed tomographic (CT) scans, and final pathologic findings were reviewed in each case. All masses were hypointense compared to the liver on T1-weighted images and became hyperintense compared to the liver on T2-weighted images. Signal intensity of adrenal masses, fat, and liver were measured. Adrenal/liver and adrenal/fat signal intensity ratios were then calculated. All the masses were readily identified with MR. The MR also demonstrated displacement or invasion of adjacent organs, as well as liver metastases. The inferior vena cava was also identified in each case.