cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A secrecy model in satellite fading channels

The Hoyt distribution can be used to characterize two types of fading in satellite communications. In this paper, the secrecy of the Hoyt-Hoyt fading channel is investigated. A set of exact formulas of the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity are derived. Profile examples are illustrated to show the effects of secrecy capacity.
CrossFire: Cross Media Joint Friend and Item Recommendations

Friend and item recommendation on a social media site is an important task, which not only brings conveniences to users but also benefits platform providers. However, recommendation for newly launched social media sites is challenging because they often lack user historical data and encounter data sparsity and cold-start problem. Thus, it is important to exploit auxiliary information to help improve recommendation performances on these sites. Existing approaches try to utilize the knowledge transferred from other mature sites, which often require overlapped users or similar items to ensure an effective knowledge transfer. However, these assumptions may not hold in practice because 1) Overlapped user set is often unavailable and costly to identify due to the heterogeneous user profile, content and network data, and 2) Different schemes to show item attributes across sites cause the attribute values inconsistent, incomplete, and noisy. Thus, how to transfer knowledge when no direct bridge is given between two social media sites remains a challenge. In addition, another auxiliary information we can exploit is the mutual benefit between social relationships and rating preferences within the platform. User-user relationships are widely used as side information to improve item recommendation, whereas how to exploit user-item interactions for friend recommendation is rather limited. To tackle these challenges, we propose aCross media jointF riend andI temRe commendation framework (CrossFire ), which can capture both 1) cross-platform knowledge transfer, and 2) within-platform correlations among user-user relations and user-item interactions. Empirical results on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Occupational Therapy Treatment to Improve Upper Extremity Function in Individuals with Early Systemic Sclerosis: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility and preliminary effects of occupational therapy to improve upper extremity function in patients with early systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) who have upper extremity contractures. METHODS A single-group pilot clinical rehabilitation trial was conducted at the University of Michigan Scleroderma Center. Patients with SSc and ≥1 upper extremity contracture (n = 21) participated in a total of 8 weekly in-person occupational therapy sessions. The therapy consisted of thermal modalities, tissue mobilization, and upper extremity mobility exercises. The participants were instructed to perform upper extremity exercises at home between sessions. Feasibility was measured by the percent enrollment as well as session attendance and session duration. The primary outcome measure was the Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand measure (QuickDASH); secondary and exploratory outcomes included the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function measures; objective measures of upper extremity mobility, strength, and coordination; and skin thickening. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of treatment on the primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS Fifty percent of potentially eligible subjects (24 of 48) were interested in participating. Twenty-one (88%) of the 24 subjects were enrolled, and 19 (91%) of these 21 subjects completed all sessions. The mean ± SD age of the participants was 47.9 ± 16.1 years; 100% had diffuse SSc, and the mean disease duration was 3.1 years. At 8 weeks, participants had statistically significant improvement in the QuickDASH and PROMIS physical function measure (P = 0.0012 and P = 0.004, respectively). Approximately one-half of participants in the sample achieved improvement in the QuickDASH and PROMIS measure that exceeded minimally important differences. CONCLUSION In-person treatment sessions were feasible in the patients with SSc and resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in upper extremity and physical function. In future studies, the effects of SSc should be compared with those in a control condition, and the durability of treatment effects should be examined.
A rare case of bilateral cavitary inferior olive lesions in brain autopsy of an adult patient

Abstract Bilateral lesions of the inferior olivary nucleus are extremely rare. We report a rare case of bilateral inferior olivary cavitary lesions detected at autopsy. We hereby discuss the plausible disease entities that may cause this pathological presentation.
Repeal of Comprehensive Background Check Policies and Firearm Homicide and Suicide.

Background:In 2016, firearms killed 38,658 people in the United States. Federal law requires licensed gun dealers, but not private parties, to conduct background checks on prospective firearm purchasers with the goal of preventing prohibited persons from obtaining firearms. Our objective was to esti
Electroconvulsive seizures influence dendritic spine morphology and BDNF expression in a neuroendocrine model of depression.

Abstract Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a rapid and effective treatment for major depressive disorder. Chronic stress-induced depression causes dendrite atrophy and deficiencies in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are reversed by anti-depressant drugs. Electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of ECT, robustly increase BDNF expression and stimulate dendritic outgrowth. Objective The present study aims to understand cellular and molecular plasticity mechanisms contributing to the efficacy of ECS following chronic stress-induced depression. Methods We quantify Bdnf transcript levels and dendritic spine density and morphology on cortical pyramidal neurons in mice exposed to vehicle or corticosterone and receiving either Sham or ECS treatment. Results ECS rescues corticosterone-induced defects in spine morphology and elevates Bdnf exon 1 and exon 4-containing transcripts in cortex. Conclusions Dendritic spine remodeling and induction of activity-induced BDNF in the cortex represent important cellular and molecular plasticity mechanisms underlying the efficacy of ECS for treatment of chronic stress-induced depression.
Laws of attraction: management of magnetic foreign body ingestion.

An 11-year-old girl with global developmental delay presents with a 4-day history of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain after the ingestion of multiple foreign bodies. She was haemodynamically stable with no gross abnormalities on laboratory tests. An abdominal X-ray was obtained which demonstrated two radio-opaque foreign bodies in the left lower quadrant without free air (figure 1A). On physical examination the patient had significant point tenderness in the left lower quadrant with guarding. The decision was made to proceed to the operating room where a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. On entering the abdomen, there was no significant free fluid or gross contamination. After running the bowel, two …
Changing Relationships Between Science and Technology

This chapter traces the changing relationships that have existed between science and technology during the modern era. For much of this period science and technology existed independent of one another, separated by different intellectual and social traditions. In response to new intellectual, economic and social developments technology became dependent upon science during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. But this new relationship resulted in something more than technology becoming simply applied science. The development of what became known as engineering science acted as an intermediary form of knowledge that served as a translator between science and technology. In doing so engineering science transformed technology into a scientific discipline but one that was a “mirror-image” of traditional science.
The Effects of Changes in Serum Calcium and Parathormone on Plasma Renin Activity in Intact Mongrel Dogs

Studies were undertaken to extend previous observations of the interaction between calcium and parathormone on renin synthesis by the kidney. Intact normovolemic mongrel dogs between 15 and 25 kg were used for all studies. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Hypocalcemia produced by thyroparathyroidectomy or chelation with EDTA resulted in an elevated PRA of 3.76 ± .86 ng/ml/hr in 17 dogs compared to 1.5 ± .29 ng/ml/hr in 14 controls (p< .05). In 5 renovascular dogs calcium-channel blockade with nifedipine resulted in a higher PRA of 31.8 ± 0.5 compared to 11.9 ± 1.1 ng/ml/hr in 23 renovascular controls, p< .001.
Abstract 3380: BRIP1/FANCJ is vital for efficient response to and repair of replication-associated DNA damage

BRCA1-Interacting Protein 1 (BRIP1), a DNA helicase and tumor suppressor also known as FANCJ, is implicated in breast and ovarian cancers as well as the genetic instability syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA) which predisposes patients to multiple neoplasms. This study investigates the role of FANCJ in repair of replication-associated DNA damage which can lead to DNA strand breaks, chromosomal instability, and tumorigenesis. FANCJ has long been known to function in repair of DNA crosslinks; however, its role in protecting cells from replication-associated DNA damage is less well known. We have shown that loss of FANCJ sensitizes cells to damage caused by compounds that block DNA replication, such as hydroxyurea (HU) and the topoisomerase I poison camptothecin (CPT). Loss of FANCJ disrupts the cell9s response to replication-associated DNA damage by impairing Chk1 and Chk2 phosphorylation and stability and activation of multiple DNA repair proteins. FANCJ-deficient cells exposed to low levels of CPT failed to progress through S-phase indicating that FANCJ is important for intra-S phase DNA damage checkpoint and recovery from replication fork blocks. FANCJ depletion leads to a 90% decrease in homologous recombination repair in assays designed to measure repair of DNA double strand breaks as well as a loss of expression of repair-associated proteins and DNA repair foci in response to damage from HU and CPT. Loss of FANCJ impairs DNA replication and leads to accumulation of gross chromosomal aberrations. Importantly, some of the DNA damage response functions of FANCJ are independent of its helicase activity, as a helicase-deficient mutant is able to compensate for loss of FANCJ in activation and stability of FANCD2 and other HR proteins. Collectively our findings indicate a novel role for FANCJ as a key regulator of the DNA damage response to errors in DNA replication potentially leading to mutagenesis and tumorigenesis. Citation Format: David W. Clark, Chinnadurai Mani, Komariah Palle. BRIP1/FANCJ is vital for efficient response to and repair of replication-associated DNA damage [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3380.
Imagining the Americas in Medici Florence

Imagining the Americas in Medici Florence is a revelatory study of the multiple ways in which three powerful members of the Medici family engaged with the New World through the images and objects t...
Modeling the Structural Relationships of Activity-Travel Participation of Working Women:

The structural relationships between work and non-work activity participation and associated travel engagements are developed for single working mothers and married working mothers. Multiple-group ...
Games, Contests, and Sweepstakes Run Afoul: A State of Legal Disorder:

The increased number of sweepstakes, contests, and games sponsored each year has been accompanied by a growing number of legal disputes. Analysis of the regulatory framework surrounding these promo...
Unusual Exophytic Appearance of Spinal Cord Subependymoma.

Background Subependymomas are rare in the spinal cord. They are typically expansile, intramedullary spinal cord masses, eccentrically located with minimal gadolinium enhancement. Case Description We present a case of subependymoma originating from the cervical cord with an unusual exophytic appearance. Hallmarks of subependymoma and treatment are reviewed. Conclusions This is the first case, to our knowledge, where imaging revealed a mass appearing to be completely extramedullary with a primary exophytic component. Therefore, subependymomas should remain on the differential for masses in the spinal cord that appear extramedullary and exophytic.
Stress-Temperature-Lifetime Response of Nicalon Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide (SiC) Composites in Air

Time-to-failure tests were conducted in four-point flexure and in air as a function of stress levels and temperatures to study the lifetime response of various Nicalon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (designated as Nic/SiC) composites with a graphitic interfacial coating. The results indicated that all of the Nic/SiC composites exhibit a similar stress-dependent failure at applied stress greater than a threshold value. In this case, the lifetimes of the composites increased with decrease in both stress level and test temperature. The lifetime of the composites appeared to be relatively insensitive to the thickness of graphitic interface layer and was enhanced somewhat by the addition of oxidation inhibitors. Electron microscopy and oxidation studies indicated that the life of the Nic/SiC composites was governed by the oxidation of the graphitic interfaces and the formation of glass(es) in composites as a result of the oxidation of the fiber and matrix, as well as any inhibitor phases.
Anomalous ANITA air shower events and tau decays

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC-0010113, DE-FG02-13ER41976, DE-SC0009913]; National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [80NSSC18K0246]
The chemical synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides: Lacto-N-tetraose (Galβ1→3GlcNAcβ1→3Galβ1→4Glc).

The discovery of innovative methods that offer new capabilities for obtaining individual oligosaccharides from human milk will help to improve understanding their roles and boost practical applications. The total chemical synthesis of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) has been completed using both linear and convergent strategies. The donor and acceptor protecting and leaving group combinations were found to be of paramount significance to successful couplings.
Public Health Research Priorities to Address Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting in the United States

Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), an age-old tradition that is still widely practiced around the world, is gaining recognition as an important public health issue in the United States. ...
Liver Transplantation for Peri-hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.

Liver transplantation for peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) following neoadjuvant chemoradiation achieves excellent long-term survival in carefully selected patients with early-stage unresectable pCCA and patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)–associated pCCA. Strict adherence to selection criteria, aggressive neoadjuvant therapy, operative staging prior to transplantation, and several technical accommodations during the transplant operation are necessary for success. In this review, we provide a contemporaneous overview of liver transplantation for pCCA, including selection criteria, neoadjuvant therapy, operative staging, and technical aspects of liver transplantation unique to patients with pCCA and an irradiated operative field. We also discuss several evolving trends intended to improve patient outcomes. Intention-to-treat and patient outcomes after liver transplantation for PSC-associated pCCA are superior to de novo pCCA. Outcomes between living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and deceased donor liver transplantation are similar for patients with PSC-associated pCCA. However, LDLT for de novo pCCA shows a trend toward more disease recurrence and worse patient survival. A period of waiting time before transplant may be beneficial in selecting for patients with superior outcomes after transplant. Compared with liver transplantation for other indications, there is an increased risk of late arterial and portal vein complications, presumably due to the radiation. However, with close follow-up and prompt intervention for vascular complications, graft loss can be avoided. Neoadjuvant therapy and liver transplantation can achieve results comparable with resection for patients with early-stage unresectable pCCA and is the treatment of choice for patients with pCCA arising in the setting of PSC.
Quantifying Nanoparticle Assembly States in a Polymer Matrix through Deep Learning

There is great interest in controlling the spatial dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in an organic polymer matrix because this centrally underpins the property enhancements obtained from ...
CGRP antibody rescues tactile sensitization induced by mild traumatic brain injury in mice

Post-traumatic headache (PTH) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is debilitating and hard to diagnose. Unfortunately, PTH is highly prevalent in active duty personnel, Veterans, as well as sport athletes. The high incidence and chronic nature of PTH underscores the need to study these problems in animal models in order to develop new and effective treatments. Patients suffering from PTH often present the same symptoms as migraine patients, which can be studied in mice. We explored hypersensitivity to a tactile stimulation of the periorbital facial and plantar paw areas in a model of mTBI in mice using von Frey filaments. This mild closed head impact (mCHI) is induced by a weight (30 g) dropped onto the intact skull once a day over 3 consecutive days, after which mice develop a transient cephalic hypersensitivity between day 1 and day 5 after the injury, and then recover to normal thresholds. Additionally, after mice recover from this transient cephalic hypersensitivity, an injection of normally non-noxious triggers such as a low dose of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or a low dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor) can induce tactile hypersensitivity. This can last for at least 13 weeks after injury. Treatment with a CGRP-blocking monoclonal antibody after injury, but prior to CGRP or SNP administration can alleviate this sensitization. Preliminary data indicate that after injuries, administration of CGRP is also able to induce light aversion at usually non-noxious dim light intensities. In summary, we report that mice are primed by a mild TBI that sensitizes them to subsequent migraine triggers in a CGRP-dependent manner. Dept. Defense W81XWH-16-1-0071, W81XWH-16-1-0211 to AFR; VA-ORD (RRD IHA Research Award and Pilot Grant from Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss to ASW.
Legal System Involvement and Opioid-Related Overdose Mortality in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Patients.

Introduction Opioid-related overdose risks are elevated after incarceration. The rates of opioid-related overdose mortality have risen in recent years, including among Veterans Health Administration patients. To inform Veteran overdose prevention, this study evaluates whether opioid-related overdose risks differ for Veterans Health Administration patients with versus those without indicators of legal system involvement. Methods This retrospective national cohort study, conducted in 2019–2021, used Veterans Health Administration electronic health records and death certificate data from the Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense Mortality Data Repository to examine opioid-related overdose mortality from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2017. The cohort included 5,390,902 Veterans with Veterans Health Administration inpatient or outpatient encounters in 2012 who were alive as of January 1, 2013, of whom 32,284 (0.60%) patients had legal system involvement in 2012, indicated by Veterans Justice Programs outpatient encounters. Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the associations between legal involvement and risk of opioid-related overdose mortality. Results There were 4,670 opioid-related overdose deaths, including 295 (6.31%) among legal-involved Veterans. Veterans with legal involvement had a higher opioid-related overdose mortality rate per 100,000 person-years (191.22, 95% CI=169.40, 213.04 vs 17.76, 95% CI=17.23, 18.29, p Conclusions Among Veterans receiving Veterans Health Administration care in 2012, documented legal system involvement was associated with an increased risk of opioid-related overdose mortality. Targeting overdose education and naloxone distribution programs and integrating opioid overdose prevention efforts into mental health care may reduce opioid overdose deaths among Veterans with legal involvement.
Fetterman and the Forgotten: Dramatism and Democracy after January 6:

This essay argues that Lt. Governor John Fetterman (D-PA), in running for the open US Senate seat in Pennsylvania, is attempting to appeal to disaffected Trump voters, showing what the “forgotten m...
Mapping Information Needs of Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections Using Web-Based Data Sources: Grounded Theory Investigation.

Background: According to the World health organization (WHO), more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are acquired each day across the world. The incidence rates of STIs in the United States are at a record high for the fourth consecutive year. Owing to the stigma associated with the incidence of STI, there is a general reluctance to seek information in person. Instead, web-based information sources remain the primary avenues of information-seeking. However, these sources are designed without a comprehensive understanding of the information needs of individuals who have contracted STIs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the information needs of individuals who have or suspect they have contracted an STI. A better understanding of their information needs can drive the design of more effective digital interventions. Methods: This is a qualitative and analytical study of 549 transcripts (consisting of queries posted over the last 10 years) from web-based forums of the American Sexual Health Association (ASHA), which allows patients, volunteers, and health care providers connect anonymously. The analysis follows a grounded theory (GT) approach with multiple coding stages to uncover categories and themes. Results: Three categories of information needs emerged. The first two, clinical and logistical, are similar to other contexts. However, our analysis shows that there is a significant need for the last category—psychosocial information. Approximately 59% of instances are linked to concerns such as confusion, discretion, remorse, and others. These needs vary across the stages of a patient’s journey from symptom manifestation to treatment maintenance. Conclusions: Responding to the needs of individuals who have or suspect they have contracted an STI requires compassionate and personalized responses (beyond factual clinical and logistical information). Web-based forums provide anonymity but do not adequately incorporate mechanisms, practices, or incentives to respond to diverse psychosocial concerns. Innovative approaches to add such support can make the digital interventions more effective for this group of individuals.
Adaptive Attitude Control of the Crew Launch Vehicle

An H(sub infinity)-NMA architecture for the Crew Launch Vehicle was developed in a state feedback setting. The minimal complexity adaptive law was shown to improve base line performance relative to a performance metric based on Crew Launch Vehicle design requirements for all most all of the Worst-on-Worst dispersion cases. The adaptive law was able to maintain stability for some dispersions that are unstable with the nominal control law. Due to the nature of the H(sub infinity)-NMA architecture, the augmented adaptive control signal has low bandwidth which is a great benefit for a manned launch vehicle.
Composition of an Extracellular Polysaccharide Produced by Sphaerotilus natans

The capsular polysaccharide of Sphaerotilus natans has been isolated, purified, and analyzed. Chromatographic and chemical analyses performed on acid hydrolyzates of the purified material have shown that the major components are fucose, galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid in approximately equimolar amounts. Glucose and glucuronic acid are believed to occur as an aldobiuronic acid unit.
Photovoltaic/District-Heated and Desiccant-Cooled Solar Powered Community Using an Insulated Pond

Paper to be presented at the 1991 ISES Solar World Congress, August 17 -24, 1991, Denver, Colorado, USA
Conflicts and Confidentiality: The Ethical and Procedural Issues Concerning Experts

Addresses the ethical issues that accompany expert witnesses, including conflicts of interest, ex parte contacts, and related ethical issues. In addition, it discusses the ethical issues that arise from the use of undercover investigators to engage in ex parte contacts. Includes a discussion of what has become called pretexting (or pre-texting) in the context of the Hewlett Packard scandal.
Trading disk capacity for performance

Improvements in disk access time have lagged behind improvements in microprocessor and main memory speeds. This disparity has made the storage subsystem a major bottleneck for many applications. Disk arrays that can service multiple disk requests simultaneously are being used to satisfy increasing throughput requirements. Higher throughput rates can be achieved by increasing the number of disks in an array. This increases the number of actuators that are available to service separate requests. It also spreads the data among more disk drives, reducing the seek time as the number of cylinders utilized on each disk drive decreases. The result is an increase in throughput that exceeds the increase in the number of disks. This suggests a tradeoff between the space utilization of disks in an array and the throughput of the array. >
Massive diverticular hemorrhage. New technic for localization of the bleeding site.

Abstract A new technic, intraoperative colonic lavage, by which the site of bleeding in diverticular hemorrhage may be identified is described. As a result of this technic, limited rather than extensive colectomy may be performed. The management of this situation is discussed and an illustrative case reviewed.
"Leaky" cells of glandular epithelia.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the experimental work done on one of the epithelial gland, the pancreas, and its permeability to polar nonelectrolytes of substantial size. Epithelial cells form an imperfect, partially selective barrier to the exchange of matter between environment and organism. In addition to the plasma membrane of these cells, matter may enter or leave the organism through spaces between them; these spaces are known as “intercellular spaces” or “paracellular spaces.” The rabbit pancreas is quite permeable to relatively large polar nonelectrolytes, such as mannitol, sucrose, and inulin. In terms of this criterion, it may be the leakiest epithelium thus far identified. The extent of the nonspecific permeability and the fact that it is expressed across cells give a substantially different picture of epithelial leakiness than have studies of planar, predominantly nonglandular, epithelial surfaces. The nonelectrolyte permeability of the rabbit pancreas appears because of the passage of substances directly through the cell's membranes and is not the result of special vesicle transport processes. Permeability is increased several-fold when protein secretion is stimulated.
Perspectives in Implementing a Pragmatic Pediatric Primary Care-Based Intervention Trial.

The 2013 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) concluded that behavioral interventions are effective in reducing initiation of smoking in youth, recommending primary care clinicians provide education or brief counseling to prevent initiation, and that there are promising trends toward behavioral interventions improving cessation in this population. Our primary care–based intervention RCT conducted between 2000 and 2004, Air It Out, informed these USPSTF recommendations. Our trial was designed to determine whether a pediatric primary care practice–based smoking prevention and cessation intervention would be effective in increasing abstinence rates among adolescents under usual clinic conditions, to inform clinical practice. Therefore, the trial was designed to be largely a pragmatic trial. In this paper, we describe where each of the Air It Out study components falls along the pragmatic–explanatory continuum regarding participant eligibility criteria, intervention and comparison condition design, follow-up and outcomes, compliance and adherence assessments, and analysis. Such an assessment assists researchers by providing a framework to guide decisions regarding study design and implementation. We then share a few principles and lessons learned in developing and implementing the primary care–based intervention trial, focusing on study setting selection, engaging providers who will be delivering the intervention and the target population who will be receiving it in designing the trial and interventions to be tested, and the need to carefully plan recruitment and retention procedures. The hope is to increase the number of well-designed studies that can be included in the evidence reviews to guide future USPSTF recommendation statements.
Behavioral Skills Training With Teachers: Booster Training for Improved Maintenance

Behavioral skills training (BST) has been employed within many different populations for the reduction of problem behaviors and acquisition of new skills; however, these changes have not always maintained over time. This study evaluated the effects of a booster training for re-establishing the classroom management proficiencies that teachers had acquired previously, but had declined over a 12-month period. The single-subject experimental results showed the booster training to be effective in re-establishing teacher performance of skills as measured by both analogue role-play and in situ postassessments within the classroom. These findings suggest that a booster training utilizing BST may be an important strategy for maintaining skill performance over time.
Depression: Illness, Insight, and Identity

Depression needs to be understood within interdisciplinary scientific, biopsychosocial, therapeutic frameworks, but it also has a moral dimension. The tendency to oppose moral and therapeutic perspectives, as well as to replace moral outlooks with mental-health outlooks, handicaps thinking about depression and many other topics. John Stuart Mill's midlife crisis illustrates how an experience of depression can be both a sickness and a source of moral insight. Furthermore, therapy has a moral dimension, and conversely a humane outlook is interwoven with health-oriented approaches and avoids excessive blaming and guilt. Complicating matters, depression sometimes undermines moral autonomy, and there is a continuum between healthy and unhealthy depression.
The Drifting Language of Architectural Accessibility in Victor Hugo's Notre-Dame de Paris

Buildings often employ visual and spatial rhetorics that both persuade us of their function and determine personal functionality. Architectural language is a defining feature of disability in Victor Hugo's Notre-Dame de Paris (1831) and a universally accessible language. In emphasizing the synecdochic relationship between gothic buildings and the disabled body, Hugo demonstrates that he is not only a pioneer in urban and architectural semantics, but that he also understands the complex symbolic relationship between architecture and the disabled body. Defining beauty as atypicality, through the gothic aesthetic, Hugo presents Notre Dame Cathedral as a uniquely drifting symbol (with its multiple meanings, its transitional status and its cultural miscegenation) with a revelatory function: it expresses disability as normative.
Analysis and design of MEMS and embedded components in silicon/LTCC packages using FDTD/MRTD for system-on-package applications (SOP)

The FDTD and MRTD full-wave numerical techniques are applied to the modeling and analysis of embedded components, such as MEMS, in silicon packages. Preliminary design rules are derived for minimized-crosstalk transmission lines, for a wideband compact transition, for a MEMS switch and that can be used in practical tuning applications and for a packaging adaptive antenna.
Coil design considerations for deep transcranial magnetic stimulation

Objectives To explore the field characteristics and design tradeoffs of coils for deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS).
In vitro bond strength of two adhesives to enamel and dentin under normal and contaminated conditions.

Abstract In vitro bond strengths of human enamel and dentin treated with five contaminants were measured with air, water and damp conditions as controls. Two commercial bonding agents (a lower-viscosity, solvent-containing type, AB, and a higher-viscosity, hydrophilic monomer type, SB) and their composites were applied to tooth structure under two conditions (contaminated and re-etched). Samples were debonded in tension after 24 h using an inverted, truncated cone test. Among the controls, the highest bond strengths were obtained with damp conditions for AB (24 MPa) and damp conditions or air for SB (22 MPa) with small differences between enamel and dentin. Most contaminants lowered the bond strength. Reetching without additional mechanical preparation resulted in bond strengths similar to controls. Bond strengths to tooth structure with the bonding agents tested may be less sensitive to common forms of contamination than typically assumed.
Marxian value theory An anthropological perspective

Marx's critique of political economy and analysis of the capitalist mode of production are grounded in more general ideas about human activity and social organization that, taken together, constitu...
Shear Stress-Induced Binding of Large and Unusually Large von Willebrand Factor to Human Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα

Platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ibα, a component of the GP Ib-IX-V complex, is a receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF). A small quantity of large VWF multimers binds to platelets under high shear stress, and induces aggregation. We studied the shear-induced attachment of large and unusually large VWF multimers to the GPIbα extracellular domain (glycocalicin), human platelets, and GPIbα gxpressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Compared to binding in the presence of botrocetin and ristocetin, shear stress only induced low-level NVWF (normal plasma VWF multimers) binding. This shear stress induced interaction is also dependent on VWF multimeric size. Elevated binding levels of endothelial cell VWF (enriched in unusually large VWF multimers) to glycocalicin-coated beads were observed under low shear conditions, which did not result in the attachment of normal plasma VWF.
On the modality of convex polygons

Under two definitions of random convex polygons, the expected modality of a random convex polygon grows without bound as the number of vertices grows. This refutes a conjecture of Aggarwal and Melville.
Paul Emmanuel's Transitions: The White South African Male in Process

In the installation of twenty-five drawings on exposed photographic paper made between 2005 and 2008 Paul Emmanuel explores the ritual events that construct masculinity and, in his words, "help to form and perpetuate identities and belief systems throughout history." Although the rituals are familiar—circumcision, induction into the military, marriage, a birthday toast—their representations are left deliberately openended and ambiguous. Through his meticulous technique, Emmanuel rigorously examines these liminal moments of transition and, by extension, the tenuous and unstable status of the white male in postapartheid South Africa.
A fast intra_4x4 mode selection method for H.264

H.264 main profile supports two intra modes at macroblock (MB) level: intra_4x4 and intra_16x16. There are nine possible spatial prediction directions per 4x4 block in intra_4x4 mode and four per 16x16 block in intra_16x16 mode. The prediction direction selection per MB in intra_4x4 can be very time-consuming, if all the nine possible prediction directions have to be checked per 4x4 block by a RD-based method. This paper proposes a method that can early detects those 4x4 blocks which select most probable mode (MPM) as the best mode. Once the encoder early detects the MPM as the best mode of one 4x4 block, the encoder can reduce nine RD computations to one and therefore save lots of computation. The saving in selecting a best prediction direction per 4x4 block depends on sequences and quantization parameters, for example, ranging from 16.80% to 60.19% for F1car sequence by using different measures. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method significantly reduce the processing time without performance degradation.
The Importance of Flowering Time and Flower Number in the Relative Fitness of Males and Hermaphrodites in Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae)

The persistence of male plants in androdioecious populations of Datisca glomerata requires a large theoretical increase in male fertility of male plants over hermaphrodites. Recent studies have supplied evidence that high outcrossing rates, inbreeding depression, and high male pollen production per flower contribute to increased male fitness in this species. We tested for the contribution of increased flower number and early flowering to a male fitness advantage. Flower number was not found to differ significantly among male and hermaphrodite siblings, but males flowered significantly earlier. Flowering time was influenced also by population and family of origin.
Party Responsibility in the States: Some Causal Factors

Pleas and programs for party responsibility are not new. It is remarkable, however, how little the discussion has advanced. I do not mean that I am surprised that the path of reform has been hard but that knowledge of the subject has not grown in proportion to the length of the discussion. Proponents believe party responsibility introduces desired qualities into the policy process and makes possible rational organization of the electorate in terms of policy. Not much has been done to provide adequate support for either of these propositions. In fact, it is hard to discover a serious effort to put these propositions in some form which would permit a partial but rigorous test. Opponents on the other hand conjure up visions of polarized parties, downtrodden minorities, and multipartyism as the fruits of party responsibility. They are able to make these improbable inferences by working with an exceedingly simple model, by ignoring the functions of party competition and the complex of factors which seem to shape party systems. Some observers less involved in the argument allow that the debate may have some value since it leads to notice of important realities. But, for them, proposed reforms are not to be taken seriously because they are Utopian in two senses: (1) sweeping and incalculable; and (2) out of reach. This view seems to overlook the fact that party responsibility is a matter of degree and that incremental reform is, at least, possible in principle. Finally, very little attention has been paid to factors which may promote or inhibit party responsibility.
Effects of length of stay and language proficiency on health care experiences among immigrants in Canada and the United States.

Abstract This study sought to examine the influence of length of stay and language proficiency on immigrants’ access to and utilization of care in Canada and the United States (US). Data came from the 2007–2008 Canadian Community Health Survey and the National Health Interview Survey. Analyses were limited to foreign-born, non-elderly adults in each country (n = 12,870 in Canada and n = 7440 in the US). Health care indicators included having a usual source of care; annual consultation with a health professional, dentist, and eye doctor; flu shot in the past year; and Pap test in the past 3 years. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate the relative odds of access or use of care, adjusting for need, demographic factors, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage. In general, rates of health care access and utilization were higher in Canada than the US among all immigrant groups. In both countries, adjusted analyses indicated that immigrants with shorter length of stay (less than 10 years) and limited language proficiency generally had lower rates of access/use compared with those with longer length of stay (10 years or more) and proficiency in each country’s official language(s), respectively. There was one exception to this pattern in the US: immigrants with limited English had higher odds of having a recent Pap test relative to English-proficient immigrants. The persistence of disparities in health care experiences based on length of stay and language proficiency in Canada suggests that universal health insurance coverage may not be sufficient for ensuring access to and utilization of primary and preventive care for this population.
Quantifying the areal extent and dissolved oxygen concentrations of Archean oxygen oases

Abstract Several lines of evidence indicate that the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis preceded the oxygenation of the atmosphere—perhaps by as much as 300 million years. The fate of biogenic O2 prior to its appearance in the atmosphere remains speculative, but recent work suggests that O2 was locally available within the surface ocean to support aerobic microbial ecosystems. Simple mass balance predicts that locally oxygenated environments (oxygen oases) could exist in areas of high productivity if the local rate of O2 production by oxygenic photosynthesis exceeded the combined rate of O2 loss by a number of processes (e.g., exchange with the atmosphere, transport within the ocean, reaction with reduced aqueous species, biological consumption). The areal extent of these environments and the dissolved O2 concentrations that could have persisted in an otherwise anoxic ocean, however, are key uncertainties in our understanding of the spatiotemporal redox-evolution of the early earth system. We use an earth system model of intermediate complexity that has been modified to simulate a theoretical Archean biosphere in order to explore redox heterogeneity in the late Archean surface ocean. We demonstrate that oxygen oases are an expected consequence of oxygenic photosynthesis beneath an essentially O2-devoid atmosphere—and that oxygenated surface waters need not be restricted to shallow coastal environments or microbial mats. Within oxygen oases, O2 concentrations locally approach ~ 1–10 μM for a large range of plausible Archean conditions. Although O2 concentrations in the open ocean are exceedingly low, biologically relevant dissolved O2 concentrations are widespread in our hypothetical surface ocean.
Medical reversal of acquired hypophosphatemic osteomalacia

Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia may present as severe disability from bone disease. This report describes a patient with long-standing disease and multiple fractures. Medical management of the phosphate loss may be successful in promoting bone healing when it is not possible to establish the cause of the phosphaturia. Judicious increases in calcium, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and phosphorus supplements were carefully monitored to avoid failure of therapy or hypercalcemic complications from pharmacologic amounts of these supplements.
Predissociation of CH B2Σ+v′=0,1 levels studied by cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy

Abstract Cavity ring-down (CRD) absorption spectroscopy is applied to study predissociation of the CH B 2 Σ + v ′ =0, N ′ =17–19 and v ′ =1, N ′ =9–11 rotational levels in a low pressure methane/air flame. Collision-free lifetimes from broadened spectral lineshapes are 45±6 and 10.0±1.5 ps for CH B 2 Σ + v ′ =0, N ′ =18, 19 and 75±15, 15±2 and 5±1 ps for CH B 2 Σ + v ′ =1, N ′ =9–11. These lifetimes are in good agreement with previous calculations by Wyel theory using potentials calculated by the iterative Rydberg–Klein–Dunham method [N. Elander, et al., Phys. Scr. 20 (1979) 631]. Experimental results suggest that the F 2 spin–orbit levels might predissociate slightly faster than F 1 levels.
Purpurinimide-fullerene dyads: introduction of fullerene moiety at various peripheral positions of the purpurinimide system.

Fullerene was regioselectively introduced at various peripheral positions of N-hexyl-purpurinimide for photoinduced electron transfer studies. Remarkably different effects of the position of the fullerene moiety in the formation of atropisomers were observed.
Urinary Glycoprotein Biomarker Discovery for Bladder Cancer Detection Using LC/MS-MS and Label-Free Quantification

Background: Cancers of the urinary bladder are the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the United States. Early clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer remains a major challenge, and the development of noninvasive methods for detection and surveillance is desirable for both patients and health care providers. Approach: To identify urinary proteins with potential clinical utility, we enriched and profiled the glycoprotein component of urine samples by using a dual-lectin affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry platform. Results: From a primary sample set obtained from 54 cancer patients and 46 controls, a total of 265 distinct glycoproteins were identified with high confidence, and changes in glycoprotein abundance between groups were quantified by a label-free spectral counting method. Validation of candidate biomarker alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) for disease association was done on an independent set of 70 samples (35 cancer cases) by using an ELISA. Increased levels of urinary A1AT glycoprotein were indicative of the presence of bladder cancer ( P Summary: The described strategy can enable higher resolution profiling of the proteome in biological fluids by reducing complexity. Application of glycoprotein enrichment provided novel candidates for further investigation as biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(10); 3349–59. ©2011 AACR .
Study of noise on a small-scale hovering tilt rotor

A study of the noise from a small-scale, semi-span test of a hovering tilt rotor is presented. The effect on noise of the tilt rotor fountain and of several tilt rotor configuration changes is examined. Measurments were made of an isolated rotor; rotor and wing; rotor and image plane; and rotor, wing and image plane. This last configuration models a tilt rotor. With a tilt rotor, the wing turns some of the rotor downwash inboard. When the flows meet, some of the flow is forced upward creating a fountain. Some of the fountain is ingested into the rotor disc. Rotor fountain interactions produce very unsteady impulsive noise to the rear of the aircraft. Configuration changes to investigate download reduction included increasing the rotor/wing separation, deflecting the flap, adding the nacelle, adding vortex trapping plates and blowing on the upper surface. These configuration changes produced little or no effect on the noise, although they changed the net download. Increasing the wing span, however, reduced the annoying content of this impulse noise about 2dB.