cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consumer Health Information: How It's Done In Danbury

Good ideas have simple beginnings, as I found out when I accepted a part‐time position as reference librarian at the Danbury (Connecticut) Public Library. At a time when health care and health insurance are on everyone's mind, it quickly became apparent that the resources at the library could not meet the health information needs of the average consumer.
The Argonne boundary layer experiments facility : using minisodars to complement a wind profiler network.

The Argonne Boundary Layer Experiments (ABLE) facility, located in south central Kansas, east of Wichita, is devoted primarily to investigations of and within the planetary boundary layer (PBL), including the dynamics of the mixed layer during both day and night; effects of varying land use and land form; the interactive role of precipitation, runoff, and soil moisture; storm development; and energy budgets on scales of 10 to 100 km. Located entirely within the Walnut River watershed, ABLE provides intense measurements within the northeast quadrant (Fig. 1) of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (Stokes and Schwarz, 1994). By combining the continuous measurements of ABLE with ancillary continuous measurements of, for example, the ARM and the Global Energy Water cycle Experiment (GEWEX) (Kinster and Shukla, 1990) programs, ABLE provides a platform within which shorter, more intensive studies, such as those conducted by the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Studies (CASES) Program, can realize the full benefit of a wide variety of atmospheric measurements on many scales; this allows the study of hypothesized features of PBL development and dynamics, including frontal dynamics, nocturnal boundary development and breakdown, urban heat island effects, precipitation enhancement, and modification of the surface energy budget partitioning.
Who's Really in Charge? Audit Committee versus CFO Power and Audit Fees

ABSTRACT Although regulation makes audit committees responsible for determining and negotiating audit fees, researchers and practitioners express concerns that CFOs continue to control these negoti...
Measuring newspaper readership: A qualitative variable approach

Newspaper readership is usually measured by a single variable such as frequency of use, amount of use, etc. This article argues that readership cannot be fully described by a single measure and suggests treating it as a latent variable reflecting the time, frequency, and completeness of readership on both Sundays and weekdays. This study uses data from 101 newspaper markets in the US. The latent variable can be either quantitative or qualitative. Factor analysis is used to define the quantitative variable and latent class analysis, the qualitative variable. The relationship between the approaches is studied with principal components analysis, profiling, and hierarchical linear models. The two approaches are shown to produce complementary conclusions when relating readership to demographics and content interests. Media consumption studies can examine both qualitative and quantitative latent variables and thereby enhance the interpretability and the scope of the results. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Non-Rayleigh Echoes From Resolved Individuals and Patches of Resonant Fish at 2–4 kHz

In this paper, the statistics of the echo envelope measured from fish is studied over a range of scattering geometries in the frequency band 2-4 kHz. In this frequency band, not only are these particular swimbladder-bearing fish resonant (at about 3.7 kHz) resulting in strong echoes, but also their target strength is narrowly distributed at these frequencies. In addition, their size distribution is narrow. Thus, it can be assumed that the echo variability as measured through the receiver of the sonar system is principally due to beampattern effects of the sonar, spatial variability of the fish, and interference between overlapping echoes. The measurements were conducted over Georges Bank near Cape Cod, MA, using a broadband downward-looking echosounder in a short-range, direct-path geometry. Echoes from sequential pings were grouped according to whether they 1) involved resolved echoes from individual fish, 2) were entirely within a single patch of fish, 3) spanned the edge of a single patch of fish, or 4) spanned multiple patches of fish. The resultant distributions of echoes were compared with theoretical probability density functions (pdfs). The echoes are determined to be strongly non-Rayleigh, with beampattern effects a major factor, for all geometries except for the case when all echoes are from within a single patch. Recommendations are made for the appropriate echo pdf for these scattering geometries.
Phloroglucinol Seeding of Undercooled Clouds

Abstract A series of twelve releases of phloroglucinol were made into stratus clouds at temperatures of −7C to −17C. Showers produced by dry ice seeding were used to identify particular spots in the layer clouds from which the exact locations of the phloroglucinol releases could be obtained by simple navigation. Visual observations of the cloud behavior and Formvar replicas of cloud and precipitation particles provided a means for judging the effects of the phloroglucinol. It is concluded that phloroglucinol will induce the formation of ice in undercooled clouds. However, in these experiments, it was not nearly as effective as the dry ice in causing shower formation.
Hands on project experience in a core class focused on sustainability

This paper seeks to present the findings of an effort to teach sustainability through involving students in hands on projects. The findings have been spread out over three semesters. The course under consideration is part of the core curriculum and is open to students from any major across the university. It is offered by the department of mechanical engineering at a university in the southeast United States. It emphasizes aspects related to global sustainability. The course focuses on shedding light on sustainability related issues such as environmental pollution, resource utilization, and economics of sustainability. It resorts to innovative design practices as well as novel product ideas as a tool to enhance sustainability. To this end, the course emphasizes hands on learning through design, development and analysis of products from the point of view of sustainability. Students from all majors across the university typically take this class. They are encouraged to think about a problem critically and approach it from the design perspective in order to try and solve the underlying environmental problem. A physical product prototype is required as part of the final project. In view of the fact that sustainability is comprised of three main pillars namely: environmental, social and economic, students are also required to examine the profitability of their project on a rudimentary level. Students are free to work either individually or as part of a group. Class presentations are due at the end of each semester and are comprised of a design prototype, economic analysis and the environmental relevance of their design solutions. An evaluation rubric is used to grade the final projects in terms of innovativeness, environmental impact and economic justification. To this end, the paper presents examples of a range of student projects.
Dielectrophoresis-Assisted Raman Spectroscopy of Intravesicular Analytes on Metallic Pyramids.

Chemical analysis of membrane-bound containers such as secretory vesicles, organelles, and exosomes can provide insights into subcellular biology. These containers are loaded with a range of important biomolecules, which further underscores the need for sensitive and selective analysis methods. Here we present a metallic pyramid array for intravesicular analysis by combining site-selective dielectrophoresis (DEP) and Raman spectroscopy. Sharp pyramidal tips act as a gradient force generator to trap nanoparticles or vesicles from the solution, and the tips are illuminated by a monochromatic light source for concurrent spectroscopic detection of trapped analytes. The parameters suitable for DEP trapping were optimized by fluorescence microscopy, and the Raman spectroscopy setup was characterized by a nanoparticle based model system. Finally, vesicles loaded with 4-mercaptopyridine were concentrated at the tips and their Raman spectra were detected in real time. These pyramidal tips can perform large-area ar...
High performance robotic traverse of desert terrain.

This report presents tentative innovations to enable unmanned vehicle guidance for a class of off-road traverse at sustained speeds greater than 30 miles per hour. Analyses and field trials suggest that even greater navigation speeds might be achieved. The performance calls for innovation in mapping, perception, planning and inertial-referenced stabilization of components, hosted aboard capable locomotion. The innovations are motivated by the challenge of autonomous ground vehicle traverse of 250 miles of desert terrain in less than 10 hours, averaging 30 miles per hour. GPS coverage is assumed to be available with localized blackouts. Terrain and vegetation are assumed to be akin to that of the Mojave Desert. This terrain is interlaced with networks of unimproved roads and trails, which are a key to achieving the high performance mapping, planning and navigation that is presented here.
ON THE CONVERGENCE OF ITERATIVE METHODS WITH APPLICATIONS IN GENERALIZED FRACTIONAL CALCULUS

We present a semilocal convergence study of some iterative methods on a generalized Banach space setting to approximate a locally unique zero of an operator. Earlier studies such as [7, 8, 9, 14] require that the operator involved is Frechet-differentiable. In the present study we assume that the operator is only continuous. This way we extend the applicability of these methods to include generalized fractional calculus and problems from other areas. Some applications include generalized fractional calculus involving the Riemann- Liouville fractional integral and the Caputo fractional derivative. Fractional calculus is very important for its applications in many applied sciences.
Two “Food Poisoning” Outbreaks Apparently Due to Bacilli of the Paratyphoid Enteritidis Group

On April 8, 1922, an explosive outbreak of gastro-enteritis affected 52 students of Rockford College, a college for girls at Rockford, 111. The symptoms were similar to those usually recorded in such outbreaks : nausea, diarrhea and considerable prostration. Stools were of a soft to watery consistency, rarely bloody. Headache was common. Temperatures were not taken at the height of the outbreak, but in those patients in whom a moderate degree of prostration lasted for several days, subnormal temperatures were observed. Vomiting occurred in 10 out of 52 cases. There were no deaths.
Three-dimensional printing of surgical anatomy.

Purpose of reviewOver the past decade, three-dimensional printing for the medical field has been expanding rapidly throughout all of medicine. This manuscript reviews the current and potential applications for three-dimensional printing, including education, presurgical planning, surgical simulation
Effect of Barrier on Rain Splash Dispersal of C. gloeosporioides from Infected Strawberry Plant

炭そ病罹病イチゴ株を育苗圃に設置して,降雨による分生子の飛散距離とプラスチックフィルムを障壁とした発病抑止効果を調査した。分生子の飛散観察は,初発生時の病徴として小葉に形成される黒点症状で行い,水平および垂直方向の飛散距離を測定した。小葉および葉柄の発病は水平方向に0.5m以内で激しく,伝染源を中心に同心円状に拡大し,大雨時には分生子が3m以上飛散した。垂直方向に置いた株の発病程度は伝染源から離れるほど低下し,60cm以上になると顕著に発病が軽減された。葉および葉柄の発病は高さ40cm以上のプラスチックフィルム障壁で抑えられ,障壁が高くなるほど抑止効果が高かった。分生子感染に伴う葉の黒点症状は,若い葉に対して小葉当たり102個以上の分生子を接種した時に現れ,接種胞子密度と展開した上位3葉の黒点数との間には相関関係が認められた(r=0.63, p=0.01)。障壁は大雨時にも分生子飛散の抑止に有効であることが明らかになった。
High-resolution microendoscopy for esophageal cancer screening in China: A cost-effectiveness analysis

AIM: To study the cost-effectiveness of high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) screening program in China. METHODS: A decision analytic Markov model of ESCC was developed. Separate model analyses were conducted for cohorts consisting of an average-risk population or a high-risk population in China. Hypothetical 50-year-old individuals were followed until age 80 or death. We compared three different strategies for both cohorts: (1) no screening; (2) standard endoscopic screening with Lugol’s iodine staining; and (3) endoscopic screening with Lugol’s iodine staining and an HRME. Model parameters were estimated from the literature as well as from GLOBOCAN, the Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide cancer database. Health states in the model included non-neoplasia, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, intramucosal carcinoma, operable cancer, inoperable cancer, and death. Separate ESCC incidence transition rates were generated for the average-risk and high-risk populations. Costs in Chinese currency were converted to international dollars (I$) and were adjusted to 2012 dollars using the Consumer Price Index. RESULTS: The main outcome measurements for this study were quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). For the average-risk population, the HRME screening strategy produced 0.043 more QALYs than the no screening strategy at an additional cost of I$646, resulting in an ICER of I$11808 per QALY gained. Standard endoscopic screening was weakly dominated. Among the high-risk population, when the HRME screening strategy was compared with the standard screening strategy, the ICER was I$8173 per QALY. For both the high-risk and average-risk screening populations, the HRME screening strategy appeared to be the most cost-effective strategy, producing ICERs below the willingness-to-pay threshold, I$23500 per QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that, for the average-risk population, higher specificity of Lugol’s iodine (> 40%) and lower specificity of HRME (< 70%) could make Lugol’s iodine screening cost-effective. For the high-risk population, the results of the model were not substantially affected by varying the follow-up rate after Lugol’s iodine screening, Lugol’s iodine test characteristics (sensitivity and specificity), or HRME specificity. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of HRME into an ESCC screening program could be cost-effective in China. Larger studies of HRME performance are needed to confirm these findings.
Development and Application of DTH Hammer

This paper discusses developing process of DTH hammer at home and abroad in detail,analyses its structure and type,and then disserts on development,application status of the hollowthrough and reverse circulation DTH hammer,foam DTH hammer,large-diameter and cluster,horizon well.
Research of CGF maneuver planning based on genetic algorithm

To properly handle CGF maneuver planning in the complex battlefield environment,a method of CGF maneuver planning based on genetic algorithm was studied.First,according to the characteristic of CGF maneuver,the model of battlefield environment was established with the grid way.Second,the maneuver CGF was designed,and various behaviors of CGF were considered as keys to be studied.Third,after confirming the population coding method and the fitness function,an improved genetic algorithm for CGF maneuver path planning was proposed by optimizing various genetic operators,and then the algorithm flow was established.Finally,after establishing the process flow of CGF maneuver planning,a experimental platform based on the Netlogo was used to examine the method.Results indicate that the method is reasonable and efficient,and can properly handle CGF maneuver planning in the complex battlefield environment.
Portable Traffic Signals in Conjunction with Pilot Car Operations at Two-Lane, Two-Way Rural Highway Work Zones

A portable traffic signal (PTS) system is designed to move traffic through two-way rural highway work zones with one lane open to traffic. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the use of PTS systems in conjunction with pilot car operations and to compare three conditions as means to control traffic at one-lane, two-way work zones: (a) flagging only, (b) PTS with flagger, and (c) PTS only. The measures of effectiveness were determined with respect to (a) red light running (RLR) violation percentages, (b) vehicle delay estimates, (c) queue lengths, and (d) green interval time. Comparisons of the operational parameters of average wait time, average queue length, and average green interval length indicated that all three conditions provided a similar level of operational efficiency. Percentages of RLR vehicles under the flagger-only, PTS-with-flagger, and PTS-only conditions were 1.1%, 1.3%, and 3.1%, respectively. A test of proportions indicated a significant difference in the number of violat...
MOPPS: a scheme for managing parallel scientific programs in a distributed architecture

MOPPS, a system under development at Santa Clara University, which employs a new solution to the problem of managing programs which solve scientific and engineering applications on a distributed computer environment, is introduced. The core of MOPPS is an intelligent program manager that builds a database of the execution performance of parallel programs it manages under different conditions. The manager then applies that knowledge to improve the performance of future runs. The program manager learns from experience. MOPPs is not locked into a specific architecture, programming language, or operating system. It looks at a program as a collection of functions that do specific scientific programming tasks. >
Use of MRI to assess the prediction of heart motion by stereo-tracking of markers on the body surface

We have developed a visual-tracking-system (VTS) which uses stereo-imaging to track the motion of markers on patients during cardiac SPECT imaging with the goal of using the tracked motion to correct for patient motion. The aim of this study is to determine using MRI in volunteers if the rigid-body-motion (RBM) model can be used to predict the motion of the heart within the chest from the motion of markers on the surface of the chest. Our methodology for investigating body-motion separate from the influence of respiration is to have the volunteers hold their breath during the acquisition of a sequence of 2 sets of EKG-triggered MRI sagittal slices covering the heart. The first set is acquired pre-motion, and the second post-motion. An analysis of the combined motion of the individual markers on the chest is used to obtain an estimate of the six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) RBM motion of the volunteers. The motion of the heart within the slices is estimated by semi-automatic 3D segmentation of the heart region in the second set of slices, and subsequent registration of this region to the first set of slices. The metric for judging agreement between the motion estimated by MRI and the VTS is the Average Error which is the average of the magnitudes of the difference in the vector displacements of all voxels in the heart region. Studies with the Data Spectrum Anthropomorphic Phantom and "no-motion" studies in which the volunteer did not intentionally move between the 2 acquisitions were used to establish a baseline for agreement between the 2 methods of motion estimation. For phantom acquisitions the Average Error when the motion was just translation was 0.8 mm. With complex motions which included a combination of rotations and translations the Average Error increased to 1.9 mm. In the human volunteers the Average Error averaged over all volunteer "no motion" acquisitions was 2.4 mm, which likely reflects the difficulty in humans maintaining their lung volume during breath-hold. For the case of translational motions which might be expected to be RBM the Average Error averaged over all volunteer translational studies was 2.1 mm, which is similar to that of the "no-motion" studies. For the case of exaggerated bends and twists larger than typically seen clinically which might be expected to be non-RBM for humans, the Average Error averaged over all such volunteer studies was 6.7 mm. Thus use of the RBM model with VTS predictions of heart motion during reconstruction should decrease the extent of artifacts for the types of patient motion studied, but less so for those which are better modeled as non-RBM.
Arthroscopic Reduction and Balloon Humeroplasty in the Treatment of Acute Hill-Sachs Lesions.

Abstract Shoulder instability is often associated with an impaction fracture of the humeral head, commonly referred to as a "Hill-Sachs lesion." This lesion is present in both anterior and posterior instability. Forty percent to 90% of anterior shoulder dislocations have associated Hill-Sachs lesions, whereas 29% to 86% of posterior shoulder dislocations have reverse Hill-Sachs lesions. Both of these lesions can contribute to recurrent instability of the shoulder and require surgery to be treated. Currently, the most common procedures to address Hill-Sachs lesions are the remplissage procedure (transfer of the infraspinatus into the posterior humeral head defect), capsular shift, disimpaction technique, humeral head resurfacing, bone block transfer, or shoulder arthroplasty. Reverse Hill-Sachs lesions are managed with similar procedures, such as the remplissage-equivalent technique described by McLaughlin, which involves transfer of the subscapularis tendon to fill the humeral head defect. The procedure has the advantage of "exteriorizing" the humeral head defect, but in the case of large lesions, it can result in significant loss of the articulating articular surface. The purpose of this article is to describe an arthroscopically assisted disimpaction technique with supplemental grafting using a balloon osteoplasty technique for a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion with bone cement to support and maintain the reduction.
Total Body Irradiation (TBI), Fludarabine (F), Melphalan (M) and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Advanced Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies.

Abstract The FM reduced-intensity preparative regimen has been used successfully in adults for allogeneic HSCT. Its role in pediatric hematologic malignancies is unclear. We studied the engraftment efficacy and the antineoplastic effect of adding TBI to the FM combination. Between July 1998 and January 2004 a total of 29 pediatric (19 males) patients were treated. Twenty-two had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 6 had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 1 anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Disease status at the time of SCT was: CR2 (19 patients), CR3 (5), CR1 (2, with Ph+ leukemia), and induction failure/relapse (3). Six patients received this regimen for a second HSCT. The donor was unrelated in 21 cases: 1–2 antigen mismatched cord blood (CB) in 20, and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) in one. Of the 8 related-donor HSCT, 2 were not genotypically identical. The conditioning regimen was TBI 9Gy (3 fractions on day -7, -6, and -5), F 30 mg/m2 IV daily (days -4 to -1) and M 140 mg/m2 IV on day -1. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and mini-methotrexate. No anti-thymocyte globulin was used. The regimen was well-tolerated, with grade II-III oral mucositis and diarrhea the most common side effects seen. Twenty-seven patients achieved ANC engraftment after a median time of 16 days (range 11–35), and 23 also had platelet engraftment at a median of 42 days (range 14–200). There was one case of primary graft failure and one early death. Six of 27 evaluable patients developed grade III-IV acute GVHD and three chronic GVHD. There were seven deaths in the first 100 days (3 from interstitial pneumonitis, 1 GVHD, 1 renal failure, 1 VOD, 1 graft failure), all in patients with ALL. Nine patients (7 with ALL) relapsed at a median of 8 months post-transplant (range 2–54). With a median follow-up of 54 months (range 7–79), 7 of 22 ALL, 5 of 6 AML, 1 of 1 lymphoma patients are alive and in remission (12 are over two years post HSCT). In conclusion, the addition of TBI to FM leads to successful engraftment of allogeneic HSC (including 1–2 antigen mismatched unrelated cord blood units) in heavily pretreated pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies, without the inclusion of ATG. The regimen was well tolerated and its activity in AML deserves further evaluation.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents

Children’s mental health problems are highly prevalent and impose enormous burdens at the individual, family, and societal level. Fortunately, the past few decades have witnessed tremendous advances in the development and evaluation of developmentally sensitive cognitive behavioral procedures with demonstrated success in treating a considerable share of mental health problems presenting in youth. In this chapter, we provide a brief overview of the cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) model for youth mental health problems, followed by a discussion of key developmental considerations and distinguishing attributes of CBT when targeting mental health problems in youth. We then turn attention to how CBT differentially addresses specific domains of child mental health problems and review major advances and innovations in recent years that hold great promise for meaningfully expanding the reach and quality of CBT for an even a larger proportion of affected children and adolescents. These innovations include the development of transdiagnostic, modular, and intensive CBT formats, as well as the promising role of technology for improving the accessibility of CBT for traditionally underserved child populations. We conclude by highlighting areas in need of continued empirical attention and lay out an agenda for future research seeking to optimize the public health impact of CBT procedures for redressing children’s mental health problems.
Underestimation of sudden deaths among patients with seizures and epilepsy

Objective: To determine the definite and potential frequency of seizures and epilepsy as a cause of death (COD) and how often this goes unrecognized. Methods: Prospective determination of seizures or epilepsy and final COD for individuals aged 18–90 years with out-of-hospital sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) from the population-based San Francisco POST SCD Study. We compared prospective seizure or epilepsy diagnosis and final COD as adjudicated by a multidisciplinary committee (pathologists, electrophysiologists, and a vascular neurologist) vs retrospective adjudication by 2 epileptologists with expertise in seizure-related mortality. Results: Of 541 SCDs identified during the 37-month study period (mean age 62.8 years, 69% men), 525 (97%) were autopsied; 39/525 (7.4%) had seizures or epilepsy (mean age: 58 years, range: 27–92; 67% men), comprising 17% of 231 nonarrhythmic sudden deaths. The multidisciplinary team identified 15 cases of epilepsy, 6 sudden unexpected deaths in epilepsy (SUDEPs), and no deaths related to acute symptomatic seizures. The epileptologists identified 25 cases of epilepsy and 8 definite SUDEPs, 10 possible SUDEPs, and 5 potential cases of acute symptomatic seizures as a COD. Conclusions: Among the 25 patients identified with epilepsy by the epileptologists, they found definite or possible SUDEP in 72% (18/25) vs 24% (6/25) by the multidisciplinary group (6/15 cases they identified with epilepsy). The epileptologists identified acute symptomatic seizures as a potential COD in 5/14 patients with alcohol-related seizures. Epilepsy is underdiagnosed among decedents. Among patients with seizures and epilepsy who die suddenly, seizures and SUDEP often go unrecognized as a potential or definite COD.
A Note on the Law and Economics of Stolen Valor

The issue of stolen valor concerns the act of trading on false claims of being awarded valorous military service medals. The Supreme Court overturned the 2005 Stolen Valor Act, largely on First Ame...
The Relationship between Syntactic Satiation and Syntactic Priming: A First Look

Syntactic satiation is the phenomenon where some sentences that initially seem ungrammatical appear more acceptable after repeated exposures (Snyder, 2000). We investigated satiation by manipulating two factors known to affect syntactic priming, a phenomenon where recent exposure to a grammatical structure facilitates subsequent processing of that structure (Bock, 1986). Specifically, we manipulated (i) Proximity of exposure (number of sentences between primes and targets) and (ii) Lexical repetition (type of phrase repeated across primes and targets). Experiment 1 investigated whether acceptability ratings of Complex-NP Constraint (CNPC) and Subject islands improve as consequence of these variables. If so, priming and satiation may be linked. When primes were separated from targets by one sentence, CNPC islands' acceptability was improved by a preceding island of the same type, but Subject islands' acceptability was not. When prime-target pairs were separated by five sentences, we found no improvement for either island type. Experiment 2 asked whether improvements in Experiment 1 reflected online processing or offline end-of-sentence effects. We used a self-paced reading paradigm to diagnose online structure-building and processing facilitation (Ivanova et al., 2012a) during processing. We found priming for Subject islands when primes and targets were close together, but not when they were further apart. No effects were detected when CNPC islands were close together, but there was a localized effect when sentences were further apart. The disjunction between Experiments 1 and 2 suggests repetition of the structure in Subject islands facilitated online processing but did not 'spill over' to acceptability ratings. Meanwhile, results for CNPC islands suggest that acceptability rating improvements in Experiment 1 may be driven by factors distinct from online processing facilitation. Together, our experiments show that satiation may not be a one-size-fit-all phenomenon but, instead, appears to manifest itself differently for different types of structures. Priming is possible and may be linked to satiation in some purportedly "unbuildable" structures (e.g., Subject islands), but not for all types (e.g., CNPC islands). Despite this, it appears that while the types of mechanisms targeting different island types are distinct, they are nevertheless similarly sensitive to the proximity between individual exposures.
Uphill political struggle: Joseph Trumpeldor in Japan and Manchuria, 1904‒1906

AbstractRussian-Jewish army officer Joseph Trumpeldor (1880–1920) was arguably the most celebrated Jewish military hero of the first half of the twentieth century. He lost his left arm during the R...
Affective, Cognitive, and Evaluative Perceptions of Animals

The lack of systematic investigation of human perceptions of animals is surprising given the theoretical and practical significance of the topic. The theoretical aspect is suggested by the role that animals have played in diverse aspects of human commerce and communication for as long as such things have been measured. For example, the cave paintings of primitive peoples remind us of the ancient symbolic importance of animals as modes of thought and belief. Klingender (1971) remarked in this regard, “the history of animal art must begin with the beginning of all art, for animals were the first subject to challenge the artistic faculties of men” (p. 3). Unfortunately, the conceptual significance of this finding, as well as the impact of domestication some 10,000 years ago, have only been lightly considered by the great majority of social theorists and researchers. One might postulate that the dearth of such investigation is, in itself, a social statement on a society regarded by some as particularly anthropocentric and detached from considerations of human relatedness and dependence on the nonhuman world.
72-P: C1q BINDING ASSAY: A SUPERIOR TOOL TO MONITORING ANTI-DQ DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODY REMOVAL THERAPY?

Aim The association between HLA-DQ Donor Specific Antigen (DSA) and chronic antibody mediated rejection (AMR) has been reported in several cohort studies, and anti-DQ is the most frequent detected DSA after solid organ transplantation. Unlike Class I or HLA-DR DSA, anti-DQ DSA show little improvement with current antibody removal protocols as demonstrated by persistently elevated IgG Mean Fluorescent Intensity (MFI) values (MFI > 7000). Here we compare IgG and C1q single antigen measurements to monitor the response to antibody removal therapy. Methods Post transplant de novo anti-DQ DSA in one kidney and one lung recipient were tested by single antigen IgG and C1q binding assay (One Lambda). Samples were collected before, during and after antibody removal treatment with plasmapheresis and IVIG. Results were correlated with organ function by creatinine level and FEV1 in the kidney and lung recipients, respectively. Results Changes in IgG and C1q MFI measurements during treatment are represented in the Table 1 and Fig. 1. Both patients IgG levels remain over MFI > 10,000 after treatment. In contrast, the values of C1q show a decline with treatment that correlates with improving creatinine in the kidney recipient. FEV1appears to stabilize when the C1q MFI is Download : Download full-size image Conclusions Based on these results, C1q MFI measurements is superior to IgG MFI monitoring during antibody removal therapy to reduce anti–DQ DSA. The combination of these two assays may improve the characterization and the management of AMR due to anti-DQ DSA.
Developing quantitative MRI parameters to characterize host response and tissue ingrowth into collagen scaffolds.

The in vivo evaluation of soft biomaterial implant remodeling routinely requires the surgical removal of the implant for subsequent histological assessment of tissue ingrowth and scaffold remodeling. This approach is very resource intensive, often destructive, and imposes practical limitations on how effectively these materials can be evaluated. MRI has the potential to non-invasively monitor the remodeling of implanted collagen scaffolds in real time. This study investigated the development of a model system to characterize the cellular infiltration, void area fraction, and angiogenesis in collagen scaffold implants using T2 relaxation time and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps along with conventional histological techniques. Initial correlations found statistically significant relationships between the MRI and histological parameters for various regions of the implanted sponges: T2 versus cell density (r ≈ -0.83); T2 versus void area fraction (r ≈ +0.78); T2 versus blood vessel density (r ≈ +0.95); ADC versus cell density (r ≈ -0.77); and ADC versus void area fraction (r ≈ +0.84). This suggests that MRI is sensitive to specific remodeling parameters and has the potential to serve as a non-invasive tool to monitor the remodeling of implanted collagen scaffolds, and to ultimately assess the ability of these scaffolds to regenerate the functional properties of damaged tissues such as tendons, ligaments, skin or skeletal muscle.
Participatory Creativity: Supporting Dynamic Roles and Perspectives in the Classroom

This chapter introduces the concept of participatory creativity as a dynamic approach to invention and innovation that is particularly relevant to the field of education. Here, the focus of creativity studies shifts from individual ideation to interactions within complex sociohistorical systems. While acknowledging the roles played by those who successfully commit exceptional energy and resources to creative projects and new points of view, the participatory approach reframes those previously deemed as creative individuals as participants in larger narratives. These complex processes of change are described as the biographies of ideas. People play various roles as they contribute to these biographies over time. Such roles are social positions that are neither fixed nor uni-dimensional, but dynamic. After framing this position from a theoretical perspective, the authors offer two examples of participatory creativity in action. These examples show how moving the locus of creativity from individual ideation to social participation makes visible the many ways that young people can participate in the development of creative ideas, while also establishing their own unique “profile of participation” and encouraging creative agency—all while honoring students’ diverse knowledge, expertise, background experiences, and sociocultural perspectives. After discussing some of the limitations of this reframing of creativity as a participatory process, the authors conclude by suggesting implications for practice and future research.
11 Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

This chapter reviews psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theory and practice from both the clinical and research perspectives. The first half of the chapter focuses on the clinical history of and the various approaches to psychoanalysis. We begin with efforts to differentiate between psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches. Next, we focus on theoretical developments and their practice implications for different schools of psychoanalysis. The schools covered are Freudian/ego psychological, Kleinian/Bion object relations, self psychology, and interpersonal/relational. Their unique aspects are described and they are tied together through centrally shared psychoanalytic notions. There are also manuals that document the techniques and overall approach of each. The second half of the chapter focuses on the research relating to psychoanalytic treatment and tenets. The research does not exactly parallel the clinical approaches, focusing more on what all of them have in common. We also focus our review on research that is less familiar to the psychoanalytically oriented leader. Specifically, we review research on the effectiveness of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic treatment, the therapeutic relationship and transference, and unconscious processes. The latter is divided into implicit memory, implicit learning, automaticity, and the primacy of affect. Finally, we tie the two sections together and draw conclusions. Keywords: psychodynamic psychotherapy; psychoanalysis; unconscious processes; psychotherapy outcome
Climate Change for Individuals Experiencing Homelessness: Recommendations for Improving Policy, Research, and Services

Abstract Across the globe, communities are facing unprecedented environmental challenges in many cases because of climate change. The increase in urbanization, the movement of people from rural com...
Introgression lines of Solanum sitiens, a wild nightshade of the Atacama Desert, in the genome of cultivated tomato.

The wild tomato relative Solanum sitiens is a xerophyte endemic to the Atacama Desert of Chile and a potential source of genes for tolerance to drought, salinity and low-temperature stresses. However, until recently, strong breeding barriers prevented its hybridization and introgression with cultivated tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. We overcame these barriers using embryo rescue, bridging lines and allopolyploid hybrids, and synthesized a library of introgression lines (ILs) that captures the genome of S. sitiens in the background of cultivated tomato. The IL library consists of 56 overlapping introgressions that together represent about 93% of the S. sitiens genome: 65% in homozygous and 28% in heterozygous (segregating) ILs. The breakpoints of each segment and the gaps in genome coverage were mapped by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping using the SolCAP SNP array. Marker-assisted selection was used to backcross selected introgressions into tomato, to recover a uniform genetic background, to isolate recombinant sub-lines with shorter introgressions and to select homozygous genotypes. Each IL contains a single S. sitiens chromosome segment, defined by markers, in the genetic background of cv. NC 84173, a fresh market inbred line. Large differences were observed between the lines for both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, suggesting that the ILs contain highly divergent allelic variation. Several loci contributing to unilateral incompatibility or hybrid necrosis were mapped with the lines. This IL population will facilitate studies of the S. sitiens genome and expands the range of genetic variation available for tomato breeding and research.
Intraoperative Aberrometry for IOL Selection

To review the clinical use, advantages, and potential limitations of intraoperative aberrometry (IA) and its application in cataract surgery in the normal, astigmatic, and atypical eye. The use of IA is similar to traditional preoperative biometry methods for intraocular lens (IOL) determination in short and normal eyes. The use of IA resulted in equivalent outcomes to modern formulas with optimized axial lengths in long eyes and exceeded traditional formulas. Improved outcomes compared to traditional methods were noted with the use of IA when used for both astigmatism correction and IOL determination in patients with a history of corneal refractive surgery. The greatest value in using IA is with atypical eyes. There is a surgeon learning curve with this technology to allow for optimal, consistent, and reproducible results. Despite the increasing popularity of IA, the number of published studies on this technology is limited.
Supporting risk management decision making by converting linguistic graded qualitative risk matrices through Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets

Abstract Risk matrices are widely used to present results of qualitative and semi-quantitative risk assessment for risk management decision making. There are different types of risk matrix category definitions according to the function and risk acceptance criteria. This paper reviews some general weaknesses of current risk matrices and proposes a method to improve the reading ambiguity of linguistically graded qualitative risk matrices. Main topic of this paper is the type of risk matrix that grades event consequence and frequency categories in linguistic terms. Because different people understand the meaning of these terms differently, the aim is to convert subjective quantified term inputs produced by a number of experts independently as much as possible to objective values creating at the same time a clearer and more discriminative result. In other words, the method involves asking various expert users independently to estimate numerical intervals of linguistic grades of event consequence and frequency on a continuous scale while maintaining risk acceptance levels. It is applying a second-generation fuzzy logic technique to express linguistic terms in numbers, called computing with words. This interval type-2 fuzzy system has evolved lately as a decision-making support tool and appears to be well suited to handle uncertainty intrinsic to qualitative linguistic grades, fusing different individual expert estimates in an objective way and to facilitate the reading resolution by introducing gliding numerical scales instead of discrete categories. Examples are given to illustrate the method as well as the use of the technique to aggregate a number of different qualitative risk matrix types into one unified risk matrix. The latter is useful in case a corporate-wide risk matrix exists to standardize risk management across the company, but older versions may still be around which should be fused with the newer ones.
The Long Shadow of Family Separation: a Structural and Historical Introduction to Mandated Reporting in the Domestic Violence Context

When intimate partner violence survivors seek help from public institutions, including domestic violence programs, they necessarily submit to the scrutiny of staff who are required to report suspicions of child abuse or neglect to the state child protective system. This prospect would frighten anyone but has particular weight for survivor-parents who – during a period of enormous stress, chaos, and trauma - are often held responsible for the conditions of abuse they are trying to end or escape. So, what happens when they enter such systems? How do survivors think about and manage the experience of being evaluated, and more acutely, the looming possibility of a mandated report? And how do advocates, trained to restore power to survivors navigate their roles as mandated reporters? Each of the articles in this special section describes a piece of this puzzle. But the profound implications of their findings cannot be understood clearly without an understanding of the historical and structural contexts of oppression in which they play out – contexts that many survivors know only too well. This article aims to review briefly the broader social, historical, and structural contexts of mandated reporting and the linked phenomena of parenting surveillance and the forced separation of families of color. Centering these broader legacies of violence and other harms expands our capacity to ask the right research questions and support survivors more effectively as they seek help from systems they need for safety and healing, but that they also rightly fear.
Prepectoral Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: Safety Outcome Endpoints and Delineation of Risk Factors.

Background Continued evolution of implant-based breast reconstruction involves immediate placement of the implant above the pectoralis muscle. The shift to prepectoral breast reconstruction is driven by goals of decreasing morbidity such as breast animation deformity, range-of-motion problems, and pain, and is made possible by improvements in mastectomy skin flap viability. To define clinical factors to guide patient selection for direct-to-implant prepectoral implant reconstruction, this study compares safety endpoints and risk factors between prepectoral and subpectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction cohorts. The authors hypothesized that prepectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction is a safe alternative to subpectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction. Methods Retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent prepectoral and subpectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction, performed by a team of five surgical oncologists and two plastic surgeons. Univariate analysis compared patient characteristics between cohorts. A penalized logistic regression model was constructed to identify relationships between postoperative complications and covariate risk factors. Results A cohort of 114 prepectoral direct-to-implant patients was compared with 142 subpectoral direct-to-implant patients. The results of the penalized regression model demonstrated equivalence in safety metrics between prepectoral direct-to-implant and subpectoral direct-to-implant breast reconstruction, including seroma (p = 0.0883), cancer recurrence (p = 0.876), explantation (p = 0.992), capsular contracture (p = 0.158), mastectomy skin flap necrosis (p = 0.769), infection (p = 0.523), hematoma (p = 0.228), and revision (p = 0.122). Conclusions This study demonstrates that prepectoral direct-to-implant reconstruction is a safe alternative to subpectoral direct-to-implant reconstruction. Given the low morbidity and elimination of animation deformity, prepectoral direct-to-implant reconstruction should be considered when the mastectomy skin flap is robust. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, III.