cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communalism Conceptualization and Measurement of an Afrocultural Social Orientation

In recent years there has been an upsurge of interest in expressions of cultural integrity among African Americans. Many more recent efforts have argued that such expressions of integrity are rooted in an African cultural legacy and that these Afrocultural expressions continue to help shape the contours and textures of the African American experience (e.g., Boykin, 1983, 1986; Nobles, 1991; Stuckey, 1987; Thompson, 1983). Among expressions thought to be embodied in this cultural legacy are the following: spirituality, which suggests a focus on the vitalistic, shared essence of all things; the oral tradition, which places a premium on the spoken word; rhythmic-movement expressiveness; and communalism, which highlights the social interdependence of people (e.g., Boykin, 1983, 1986; Dixon, 1976; Jones, 1991; Nobles, 1974, 1991). Although postulated, there have been few systematic efforts within the psychological literature to document the coherency and
Unusual geometries and spectroscopic properties of electronic states of In2N2

Abstract Twenty electronic states of In 2 N 2 are computed using a complete active space multi-configuration self-consistent field followed by multi-reference singles + doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) computations. In contrast to other III–V tetramers, In 2 N 2 exhibits nearly degenerate T-shaped triplet states and linear In–In–N–N 3 Σ − state. The 1 A g state with a rhombus structure was found to be 0.94 eV higher. Our computations show that anion photodetachment spectra of In 2 N 2 could be substantially different from the spectra of Ga 2 P 2 and related tetramers observed by Neumark and coworkers. The computed vibrational and Raman spectra are provided.
Regional pressure and the erosion of media freedom in an African democracy: the case of Botswana.

Recent shifts in government attitudes and policies toward the Botswana media have been fueled by the increasing violence in South Africa. These shifts are responsible for the 1st major challenge to the inherited legitimacy of the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) which achieved power by election in 1966 when independence was gained from Britain. The private press in Botswana created through commercial rather than political pressures has an opportunity for a vigorous role in the emergence of genuine opposition parties. The Botswana media are beginning to serve as important nontraditional mechanisms of political acculturation. The key question is the extent to which the ruling BDP party will tolerate this growth. The government has become more conscious of the presence of the media as a potentially threatening political adversary. Available evidence suggests that the media will play a key role in the 1989 electoral campaign. The pressures for media access by political opposition already have begun to increase markedly. Editors in Botswana remain pessimistic about the likely future of the private media noting that the press in Botswana has not yet built bridges with vested interest which can protect it from the government. In the months to come sociopolitical and economic forces in Botswana and throughout the Southern Africa region will continue to rapidly restructure media-government relationships with or without formal attempts by those in power to participate in or control the process.
Space tourism: prospects, positioning, and planning

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain how the elements of a tourism policy class (historical, structural, economic, social, and technological) are employed in the discussion and analysis of space tourism. Design/methodology/approach The material serves as revision class of methods and concepts. The topics and methods covered depend in part on previous class content making use of space tourism materials available on the web and in the literature. Findings The sources cited cover a remarkable and growing range of space tourism endeavors worldwide. Whilst it is definitively not a forecast, the paper does appraise future directions in space tourism. Practical implications Further research is required in order to properly evaluate the value of space tourism to future human societies, and strategize accordingly. Originality/value As a source‐based review, the paper has limited originality, but shows the possibilities and limitations of tourism planning methods for space tourism.
Differential adhesivity of neuroepithelial cells and pioneering circumferential axons.

Abstract To determine the initial growth pattern of pioneering axons and investigate the factors that may influence their guidance, the lateral margin of a stage 16+ chick brachial spinal cord was examined in serial thin sections. The specimen was prepared with hypertonic fixative which partially shrank the tissue and increased extracellular space. The retention of surface contact after shrinkage was used as an index of the relative adhesiveness between cells in situ. Six axons and growth cones were found within the reconstructed tissue; five were oriented dorsoventrally and one apparent motor neuron growth cone was oriented radially. The five circumferential axons originated from presumptive interneurons distributed in a dispersed pattern along the neural tube lateral wall. Four terminated with growth cones, and each extended a short distance (
Society’s self-imposed standards infringe on personal liberty and markedly reduce availability of donor organs; a case for self-directed heart donation

The Declaration of Independence states “We are in pursuit of life, liberty and property.” The decision to control the direction of one’s own affairs and body is a privacy issue, which should be protected. The Fourteenth Amendment and Roe vs. Wade have upheld this concept of personal privacy and choice. The Constitution gives US Citizens fundamental liberty now protected by the law. Within the Fourteenth Amendment, it states that citizens have fundamental liberties that must be upheld, and that the state or government cannot deny somebody of their fundamental rights unless it is for the “greater good” of society. To date, the state, government or UNOS have not proven that the current organ procurement and distribution systems represent the “greater good”, and have not demonstrated that the benefit to society outweighs the rights of the individual afforded under the Constitution. No one individual’s rights should supplant another’s. We propose in this presentation that the current organ allocation system is restrictive, unethical and unconstitutional. Patients and their families have a right to choose. Based on patient discretion, organs may be directed to a child or an anonymous deserving recipient. Unos must consider adding an E-Bay-type procurement-distribution system to their current modus operandi. 261
Millets, Rice, Social Complexity, and the Spread of Agriculture to the Chengdu Plain and Southwest China

Southwest China played a pivotal role in the spread of agriculture across East and Southeast Asia. Both rice and millet were important in the spread of populations and the expansion of agriculture into this region. Recent finds in the mountainous peripheries of Sichuan Province show that the earliest inhabitants of this region practiced a combination of broomcorn and foxtail millet agriculture (ca 4000–2500 BC). These crops are adapted to high altitude and arid environments, which facilitated their movement across this region and eventually into the Tibetan Plateau. At around 2700 BC, a combined system of rice and foxtail millet agriculture appears suddenly in sites of the Baodun culture on the Chengdu Plain. The use of this double cropping system provided advantages to the inhabitants of this region in both risk reduction and yield. I argue that this had important consequences for spurring population growth, facilitating expansion into new territories and the development of social complexity.
Frequency-dependent characteristics and trap studies of lattice-matched (x=0.53) and strained (x>0.53) In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/In/sub x/ Ga/sub 1-x/As HEMTs

The low-frequency characteristics of InAlAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are studied, and trap densities are evaluated. The HEMTs' transductance (g/sub m/) and output resistance (R/sub ds/) dispersion are smallest for 60% indium (In) content and largest for 53% In. The maximum dispersion for the 53% In sample is approximately 6% for g/sub m/ and approximately 13.3% for R/sub ds/ corresponding to lower values than observed in MESFETs. The R/sub ds/ dispersion characteristics are weaker than in AlGaAs/GaAs HEMTs and manifest themselves primarily up to 100 kHz. An analysis of the dispersion results indicates that, unlike in the case of MESFETs, the channel region under the gate rather than the access regions is responsible for the dispersion. Interface state densities were extracted by the AC conductance method and were found to follow the same trend as the g/sub m/ and R/sub ds/ dispersion: maximum values (2.69*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2//eV/sup -1/) for 53% In and minimum (1.98*10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2//eV/sup -1/) for 60% In. >
The primary structure of ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone III: Disulfide bridges of the α-subunit

Abstract The disulfide linkage of the ten half-cystine residues in the α-subunit of ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone has been investigated by partial acid and enzymic hydrolysis of the intact molecule. Results indicate that the disulfide bridges are formed by residues 14–86, 11–64, 35–63, 32–89, and 36–91.
Comparative safety of endovascular and open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in low-risk male patients.

Objective The prevalence of significant comorbidities among patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has contributed to widespread enthusiasm for endovascular AAA repair (EVAR). However, the advantages of EVAR in patients at low risk for open surgical repair (OSR) remain unclear. The objective of this study was to assess perioperative outcomes of EVAR and OSR in low-risk patients. Methods Patients undergoing EVAR and OSR for infrarenal AAAs were identified in the 2007 to 2010 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data sets. AAA-specific risk stratification, by the Medicare aneurysm scoring system, was used to create matched low-risk (score Results Of 11,753 elective patients undergoing EVAR, 4339 (37%) were deemed low risk (score P = NS). EVAR patients had higher rates of obesity (40% vs 33%; P P = .005), history of cardiac intervention (24% vs 19%; P P = .02), steroid use (4% vs 2%; P = .002), and bleeding disorders/anticoagulation (9% vs 6%; P = .001) compared with OSR patients. There were no other differences between the matched cohorts. EVAR was associated with reduced 30-day mortality (0.5% vs 1.5%; P P P P P P P = .001), transfusion requirement of more than 4 units (2.0% vs 13.0%; P P = .001), neurologic deficits (0.2% vs 0.5%; P = .032), and urinary tract infections (1.2% vs 2%; P = .02). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that even among those male patients at low risk for OSR on the basis of comorbidities, EVAR is associated with reduced perioperative mortality and major complications. Whereas clinical decisions must account for safety and long-term effectiveness, the short-term benefit of EVAR is evident even among male patients at the lowest risk for OSR.
Recollecting Events Associated with Victimization

Subjects first completed social desirability and anxiety personality scales and then read a story about a woman meeting her brother for lunch. Some subjects were then told that the story involved sexual abuse. A week later all subjects took a multiple-choice memory test over the story. The results indicated that subjects categorized as repressors based on the personality scales had a lower proportion of negative than positive errors than did the nonrepressors, but only when they believed the story was about sexual abuse. However, repressors answered correctly as many items as did nonrepressors. The results were consistent with the idea that repressorsre-member as much about victimization experiences as do nonrepressors but are more likely to fill in the missing details of victimization experiences with positive reconstructions designed to reduce the over-all negative quality associated with victimization.
Peer Evaluation of Writing in Business Communication Classes.

Abstract This study was done to determine how selected member teachers of the Association for Business Communication (ABC) employ peer evaluation of writing in their business communication classes. A purposive sample of 78 teachers responded to a questionnaire. The findings indicate that most often the peer evaluation group ranges in size from two students to the entire class and consists of juniors and seniors who most frequently evaluate in- and out-of-class letters. Students usually use a teacher-developed, analytic scale on which they make additional comments, both positive and negative. In general, the process is successful, as revealed by a number of specific instructor comments.
Reaction of the glucuronide of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene with nucleic acids.

Abstract The interaction of the glucuronide of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene with nucleic acids in vitro has been studied. Sodium (N-acetyl-N-2-[9-14C]-fluorenylhydroxylamine β- d -glucosid)uronate was incubated with yeast tRNA, rat liver rRNA or with calf thymus DNA and the nucleic acids were recovered from the reaction mixture and purified to a constant specific radioactivity. At pH 8 (37°) the degree of binding of radioactivity was linear with time, amounting in 24 h to 4–8 mμmoles per mg of nucleic acid when 0.6 μmole of the glucuronide was incubated with 2 mg of nucleic acid. The reaction of the glucuronide with RNA or DNA was pH-dependent, with a higher rate of reaction occurring as the pH increased. Comparative studies on the binding of radioactivity to rat liver rRNA and DNA in vivo showed that more radioactivity was bound to these nucleic acids after the administration of sodium (N-acetyl-N-2-[9-14C]fluorenylhydroxylamine β- d -glucosid)uronate than after giving 2-acetylamino[9-14C]fluorene, but less than was obtained after injection of N-hydroxy-2-acetylamino[9-14C]fluorene. The results of these studies were interpreted to indicate that the glucuronide of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, a known metabolite of the carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, might account in part for the observed binding of these carcinogens to liver nucleic acids in vivo.
Comparison of DNA renewal in germ-free and conventional mice using [125I]iododeoxyuridine and [3H]thymidine.

Germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) C3H mice received a single injection of 1 μCi [3H]thymidine and 3 μCi [125I]iododeoxyuridine to provide simultaneous labeling of DNA with the two precursors. Thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow (femora), small intestine, colon and skin were examined for total organ activity and rate of DNA renewal 1–8 days after injection. Precursor incorporation, assayed on day 1, was lower in the thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and femora (and, to a lesser extent, in the spleen and colon) of GF mice as compared to CV animals. The opposite was observed in the small intestine and skin, i.e. total organ activity was higher in GF animals. Differences in precursor incorporation were partly due to differences in organ weights between the two groups of mice. In comparison to CV animals, DNA renewal rates were diminished in the mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow, colon (following a 3-day plateau) and spleen of GF mice. Little, if any, difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the rate of DNA turnover in the thymus and skin. Radioactivity of the small intestine remained constant for 2 days. Thereafter intestinal activity in GF mice declined at an initial slow rate between days 2 and 5 followed by a rapid decrease between days 5 and 8. In CV mice the first phase of activity loss was short with the rapid decline in intestinal activity beginning on day 3. From the slopes of the regression lines, the percentage thymidine reutilization was estimated. Reutilization varied from 0 to 63% in the various organs examined, with the greatest difference between GF and CV mice occurring in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
STABILITY RELATIONS OF ALUMINUM HYDROXY-FLUORIDE HYDRATE, A RALSTONITE-LIKE MINERAL, IN THE SYSTEM AlF3–Al2O3–H2O–HF

Les relations de phases du systeme AlF 3 -Al 2 O 3 -H 2 O-HF ont fait l'objet d'etudes entre 400° et 700°C par techniques hydrothermales conventionnelles et avec tubes en or scelles. Parmi les assemblages cristallins synthetiques stables, on trouve (1) Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O (structure de type pyrochlore) + corindon (ou diaspore), (2) Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O, (3) AlF 3-x (OH) x (structure de α-AlF 3 ) + Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O, 4) AlF 2 (OH) (structure de β-AlF 3 ) + Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O, (5) AlF 2 (OH) + corindon, (6) AlF 2 (OH) + AlF 3-x (OH),, (7) AlF 3-x (OH) x + corindon, et (8) AlF 3-x (OH) x . La composition des phases solides a ete etablie par diffraction X apres calibrage faisant usage des resultats obtenus avec une microsonde electronique. Le maximum de stabilite thermique de Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O est 575°C dans les assemblages avec AlF 2 (OH) ou corindon, et 435°C en presence de AlF 3-x (OH) x . La phase AlF 2 (OH)remplace Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O dans les assemblages synthesises au dela de cette temperature et, a son tour, elle se decompose en AlF 3-x (OH) x au dela de 625°C. La phase Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O se hydrolyse a mesure que diminue la temperature dans la portion deficitaire en F du systeme, et avec une augmentation de la temperature dans la portion riche en F du systeme, avec comme resultat que l'intervalle de compositions de Al 2 F 6-y (OH) y •nH 2 O dans le sous-systeme AlF 3 -Al(OH) 3 diminue de presque 15% Al(OH) 3 (base molaire) a 400°C a une seule composition, 58% Al(OH) 3 , a 575°C.
Uniform Approximation by Closed Forms in Several Complex Variables

The first main result in this article provides uniform estimates for solid Bochner-Martinelli-Koppelman transforms of type (p, n-1), 0 ≤ p ≤ n, of continuous forms on a compact set Ω in the complex space $${\mathbb{C}}^n$$ , in terms of the Euclidean volume of Ω. In the single variable case this result generalizes a classical inequality for the Cauchy kernel due to Ahlfors and Beurling. The second main result is a quantitative Hartogs-Rosenthal theorem which points out that the uniform distance in the space of continuous (p, n-1)-forms, 0 ≤ p ≤ n, on a compact set Ω in $${\mathbb{C}}^n$$ from a smooth form to the subspace of $$\bar{\partial}$$ -closed forms on Ω is controlled by the Euclidean volume of Ω. This theorem as well as a third main result are generalizations to higher dimensions of an inequality in single variable complex analysis due to Alexander.
Vibration Control Using Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers

Abstract This paper examines multiple tuned mass dampers (TMD's) with natural frequencies distributed over a frequency range. An integral form for the impedance is developed by asymptotic techniques. The result is used to analyze the vibration control capabilities of multiple TMD's for structures subjected to wide-band input. Calculus of variations is used to optimize the design of the TMD's with a constraint on the total mass. It is found that multiple TMD's can be more effective and more robust than a single TMD with equal total mass.
The effects of low doses of caffeine on human performance and mood

Caffeine is thought to have stimulant-like behavioral effects on mood and performance. However few behavioral studies have examined this substance's acute effects when administered in a range of doses that include the low doses typically found in foods and over-the-counter drugs. We therefore gave single doses of caffeine (32, 64, 128 and 256 mg) to 20 healthy male subjects and assessed various aspects of performance and self-reported mood states, as well as plasma caffeine concentration. As little as 32 mg (which elevated plasma caffeine concentration to less than 1 μg/ml), typical of the dose found in a single serving of a cola beverage, and less than that found in a single cup of coffee or a single dose of over-the-counter drugs, significantly improved auditory vigilance and visual reaction time. All other caffeine doses administered also significantly improved performance on these tests. No adverse behavioral effects, such as increased anxiety or impaired motor performance, were noted even at the highest dose administered.
Initial destination of the disaccommodation step response

Peak velocity and peak acceleration of disaccommodation step responses remain invariant of response magnitude for a constant starting position and they increase linearly with proximity of starting position. This suggests that disaccommodation response is initiated towards an initial (default) destination and is switched mid-flight to attain the desired final destination. The dioptric location of initial destination was estimated from the x-intercept of regression of peak velocity on response starting position. The x-intercept correlated well with subject's cycloplegic refractive state and poorly with their dark focus of accommodation. Altering the dark focus by inducing fatigue in the accommodative system did not alter the x-intercept. These observations suggest that cycloplegic refractive state is a good behavioral correlate of initial destination of disaccommodation step responses.
Direct binding of ubiquitin conjugates by the mammalian p97 adaptor complexes, p47 and Ufd1-Npl4.

The multiple functions of the p97/Cdc48p ATPase can be explained largely by adaptors that link its activity to different cellular pathways, but how these adaptors recognize different substrates is unclear. Here we present evidence that the mammalian adaptors, p47 and Ufd1–Npl4, both bind ubiquitin conjugates directly and so link p97 to ubiquitylated substrates. In the case of Ufd1–Npl4, which is involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation and nuclear envelope reassembly, binding to ubiquitin is mediated through a putative zinc finger in Npl4. This novel domain (NZF) is conserved in metazoa and is both present and functional in other proteins. In the case of p47, which is involved in the reassembly of the ER, the nuclear envelope and the Golgi apparatus, binding is mediated by a UBA domain. Unlike Ufd1–Npl4, it binds ubiquitin only when complexed with p97, and binds mono- rather than polyubiquitin conjugates. The UBA domain is required for the function of p47 in mitotic Golgi reassembly. Together, these data suggest that ubiquitin recognition is a common feature of p97-mediated reactions.
Miniature supercapacitors based on nanocomposite thin films

This paper reports on the development of a miniature supercapacitor for portable applications such as mobile and wearable energy storage. In a primary embodiment, the developed supercapacitor consists of two flexible electrodes fabricated on thin metal base substrates. The electrodes sandwich a solid polymeric separator doped with an appropriate ionic material acting as electrolyte. Different electrode materials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silver nano-particulate ink, and nanocomposite of CNTs and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were investigated in fabricating the flexible electrodes. Ultrathin and flexible stainless steel sheets of different thicknesses ([email protected], [email protected]) were evaluated as base substrate material. The integrated separator and electrolyte layer was made of polyvinyl alcohol doped with phosphoric acid. The evaluation of different electrode and substrate materials allowed for selection of a combination of materials that yielded optimal supercapacitor performance. Devices with optimal combination of materials exhibited planar capacitance value (>[email protected]/cm^2) significantly higher than the range reported in similar devices. Our investigation of electrode and substrate materials clearly demonstrated that planar capacitance is influenced by factors such as surface area of the electrode and its materials, and the thickness of the base substrate that functions as a current collector.
A parametric study of three-dimensional separation at a wing/body junction for supersonic free-stream conditions

The problem of three-dimensional separation at a wing/body junction has been investigated numerically using a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code which employs the MacCormack's time split finite volume technique. An algebraic grid generation technique is used for generating the grid at a wing/body junction. Specific computational results on velocity and pressure distribution in the separated flow region are compared with the experimental results. A parametric study of flow parameters such as Mach number and Reynolds number have been carried out to understand their effect in interaction flow field. The parametric study indicates a strong dependency of the number of vortices at the junction on Mach number and Reynolds number.
The Development and Utility of a True Collective Goal Orientation Measure

Despite the explosion of interest in goal orientation in teams over the last decade, theory and research on the topic has been hindered due to questions regarding the dimensionality and measurement of the goal orientation construct at the team level. This is especially the case as it concerns collective goal orientation, which is the most complex, but perhaps the most promising conceptualization of team goal orientation. In an effort to address these concerns, we conducted three independent studies to develop a construct valid, four-factor collective goal orientation measure. In this article, we describe these efforts along with our initial attempts to demonstrate the predictive validity of our measure. The results of our studies demonstrate that collective goal orientation can, and should, be measured as four distinct dimensions. In addition, our results indicate that these dimensions have predictive validity on a number of team processes above and beyond composition goal orientation.
Reduction of ischemia-induced electrophysiologic abnormalities by glucose-insulin infusion

Objectives. This study was designed to determine the effects of glucose-insulin infusion on ischemia-induced changes in extracellular potassium ([K+]0) accumulation and the associated electrophysiologic abnormalities in the canine heart. Background. Although glucose-insulin-potassium infusion has been shown to limit myocardial injury in acute ischemia, its effect on ischemia-induced electrophysiologic alterations has not been investigated. Methods. Recordings of [K+]0and local etectrograms from the normal, border and ischemic zones were obtained during serial (10-min) left anterior descending coronary artery occlusions in the control state and after Infusion of glucose-insulin (eight dogs), glucose alone (six dogs) or insulin alone (eight dogs). Results. Glucose-insulin infusion caused significant reduction in the rise of [K+]0during the entire period of ischemia in both ischemic and border zones associated with significant improvement in the degree of intramyocardial conduction delay. At 10 min of ischemia, [K+]0was reduced from a mean control level of 15.9 ± 3.7 to 10.1 ± 4.3 mmol/liter (p < 0.005) in the ischemic zone and from 6.8 ± 1.9 to 5.5 ± 1.1 mmol/liter (p < 0.05) in the border zone. The electrogram duration was shortened from a mean control value of 102 ± 13 to 78 ± 12 ms in the ischemic zone and from 79.2 ± 7.8 to 58.1 ± 6.6 ms in the border zone (p < 0.005). Glucose alone caused significant reduction in [K+]0during the initial 6 min of ischemia, only in the ischemic zone. Conversely, insulin caused no changes in [K+]0accumulation during ischemia. Neither glucose nor insulin alone had any effect on ischemia-induced intramyocardial conduction delay. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that the combination of glucose and insulin is essential for the salutary effect of reducing [K+]0accumulation during ischemia and improving the associated intramyocardial conduction delay. It could be postulated that glucose in the presence of insulin increases the glycolytic flux, thereby providing adequate adenosine triphosphate for suppressing the cardiac adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium ion channels. The latter are, at least partially, responsible for the [K+]0rise in the early phase of ischemia. This study highlights the antiarrhythmic potential of interventions that modulate the metabolic consequences of ischemia.
A sensitive method for determining levels of [−]-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine in the brain tissue

Abstract Introduction: Indolamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens are drugs of abuse and, as well, mimic some aspects of idiopathic psychosis. To assist in investigating the mechanisms of action of (−)2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine ([−]-DOM), a member of the phenethylamine class of serotonergic hallucinogens, a sensitive and precise method for determining its levels in the brain tissue is required. Methods: We now describe a method for determining nanogram quantities of [−]-DOM in the rat brain tissue using d -amphetamine as an internal standard. The method employs solvent extraction with toluene and derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAA) followed by analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS–MS) in the selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Results: With SIM detection, our overall recoveries were greater than 90%. The method was reliable in terms of within-day and between-day precision, accuracy, and linearity. The procedure was applied to animal subjects to determine the in vivo [−]-DOM brain levels following intraperitoneal (ip) administration. Our findings indicate that peak levels of [−]-DOM do not coincide with the 75-min pretreatment time established by drug-induced stimulus control. Discussion: This study demonstrates a sensitive and precise analytical method for the determination of [−]-DOM levels in the rat brain following systemic administration of behaviorally relevant doses.
Reproducibility of a School-Based Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire in Fourth Grade Elementary School Students

Abstract Assessment of nutrition-related behaviors is dependent on the development of reliable instruments. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of a School-Based Nutrition Monitoring (SBNM) Questionnaire for 4th grade elementary school students using a test-retest study design. The study population included 322 fourth grade students from 2 school districts in the Houston area. To assess test-retest reproducibility, the entire questionnaire (43 questions) was administered to students during a morning class. Questions from the instrument that assessed "yesterday" behaviors (21 of 43) were administered that same afternoon (>2 hours later). Questions that assessed usual behaviors, nutrition knowledge, and attitudes (22 of 43) were administered to the students two weeks later. Spearman rank order correlation, percent agreement, and Kappa statistic were calculated for each individual questions. Correlations were 0.70 or greater for 24 of the 43 test-retest questions, while percent agreement was 75% or greater for 28 of the questions. Items with computable Kappa values (21 of 43) resulted in 3 almost perfect (0.81–1.00), 9 substantial (0.61–0.80), 7 moderate (0.41–0.60), 1 fair (0.21–0.40), and 1 slight (0.00–0.20) reproducibility. The SBNM fourth grade questionnaire showed good reproducibility for nutrition behavior questions which addressed food and meal choice "yesterday" behaviors, physical activity, weight behavior, and food selection skills in fourth grade students. However, questions that assess nutrition knowledge and attitudes were not as reliable, probably due to learning effects over time and volatility of the construct. Results from the study indicate that this questionnaire can be administered quickly and easily by teachers in an elementary classroom and can be used as a reliable tool for public health nutritionists to measure nutrition behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes among school children.
Creep Deformation in V-4Cr-4Ti in a Low-Oxygen Lithium Environment

Vanadium alloys, especially V-Cr-Ti alloys, are candidates for first wall and blanket structures of fusion reactors. However, a major vulnerability of this class of alloys is the affinity for oxygen and other interstitial solutes. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen can severely harden and embrittle vanadium alloys. Oxygen is particularly troublesome because of its prevalence and its relatively high diffusivity. In determining creep behavior, the effects of oxygen must be understood. In the present study, specimens, in the form of pressurized tubes, were exposed to liquid lithium, the coolant of choice for vanadium systems, at temperatures of 665, 765, and 800°C. Under these conditions, oxygen is removed from the vanadium alloy by the lithium. The data produced were compared with data from similar specimens tested in a high vacuum environment, where the oxygen level in the alloy is expected to slowly increase, at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in order to evaluate the effect of oxygen. The Li-exposure resulted in higher creep rates and shorter rupture times. The effect was most clear at 800°C, where deformations 4–6 times higher were observed for the Li-exposed specimens.
Doppler Estimation of Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure Revisited

Previous attempts at noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAS) were limited by the inability to identify adequate spectral signals of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in a significant proportion of patients. Recently, image and color flow directed continuous-wave Doppler have enabled spectral mapping of previously undetectable TR jets. Accordingly, 30 consecutive patients underwent two-dimensional and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiograms immediately before right heart catheterization. PAS was calculated as ∑ (4V2+ RA) where Vis the maximal velocity of the TR jet in ml sec and RA is right atrial pressure as estimated by the caval respiratory index. Twenty-eight patients (93%) had detectable signals of TR. Directly measured PAS ranged from 21 to 95 mmHg (mean ± SD, 40 ± 18). Correlation between Doppler and catheter-measured PAS was R-sq = 0.93 with a standard error of the estimate of 4.7 mmHg. Accurate results were obtained over a wide range of pulmonary pressures. Thus, noninvasive determination of PAS is feasible in most patients including those with normal PAS, and correlates extremely well with direct measurements.
SHORT DURATION VERSUS 1-YEAR DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENTS IMPLANTATION: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

The benefits of 1-year of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as compared with short-term (≤ 6 months), in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after drug-eluting stents (DES) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of 1-year versus short-term duration DAPT in
Telomeres, Crisis and Cancer

Eukaryotic chromosomes terminate in specialized nucleic acid-protein complexes known as telomeres. Disruption of telomere structure by erosion of telomeric DNA or loss of telomere binding protein function activates a signal transduction program that closely resembles the cellular responses generated upon DNA damage. Telomere dysfunction in turn induces a permanent proliferation arrest known as senescence. Senescence is postulated to perform a tumor suppressor function by limiting cellular proliferative capacity, thus imposing a barrier to cellular immortalization. Genetic or epigenetic silencing of components of the DNA damage pathway, allows cells to proliferate beyond senescence limits. However, these cells eventually reach a stage of extreme telomere dysfunction known as crisis that is characterized by cell death and the concomitant appearance of cytogenetic abnormalities. Telomeric crisis produces significant chromosomal instability, a hallmark of human cancer, and may thus be relevant to carcinogenesis by increasing the occurrence of genetic alterations that would favor neoplastic transformation. The following review examines the relationship of telomere function during crisis in accelerating chromosomal instability and cancer.
The effect of thyroid hormones on prolactin secretion by cultured bovine pituitary cells

Abstract The effect of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on prolactin (PRL) secretion has been studied using a primary calf anterior pituitary cell culture system. After mechanical and enzymatic dispersion, cultured pituitary cells were preincubated with T3 or T4 for 48 hr prior to a 24 hr experimental incubation. T3 stimulated the release of PRL into the medium in a dose-related fashion, with an ED50 of 3 nM; at 10 nM T3, a maximal 52 ± 5% stimulation (p
Spin-wave impurity states in metallic ferromagnets

Abstract It is shown that spin waves in dilute ferromagnetic transition metal alloys can be described in terms of effective matrix-matrix and impurity-matrix exchange integrals. Such a parametrization is exact within the random phase approximation for long-wavelength spin waves. The effective impurity-matrix exchange integral is determined in the tight-binding approximation in terms of the impurity potential and local density of states. The present theory is applied qualitatively to NiFe alloys.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element analysis of critical crack-tip-opening angle in 2024-T351 aluminum alloy at four thicknesses

Abstract Although the crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA) has been shown to be well suited for modeling stable crack growth and instability for thin-sheet aluminum alloys, its behavior for increasing thickness has not been thoroughly evaluated. This paper presents the results of two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element based fracture analyses that were performed to characterize the critical CTOA for C(T) specimens made of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy with thicknesses of 2.3, 6.35, 12.7, and 25.4 mm. Computed CTOA, based on a center-node release methodology, was generally higher than experimentally determined surface CTOA measurements for the same thicknesses. For the C(T) specimens analyzed in this work, with the crack length and uncracked ligament generally greater than four times the specimen thickness, the generated global constraint factor data fell within those reported for M(T), DE(T), and SE(B) specimen configurations that also satisfy the above mentioned dimensional guideline. Strengthening the observation that, although critical CTOA is dependent on absolute material thickness, the CTOA characterization process is independent of specimen/loading types and specimen dimensions for cases satisfying this dimensional guideline. The CTOA values generated using 3D finite element analyses were used within a 2D finite element analysis framework to estimate plane strain core (PSC) height values for all evaluated thicknesses. The resulting PSC heights increased with increasing specimen thickness and appear to be on the order of specimen thickness.
A demographic simulator with deeply coupled semantic and numeric data structures

Abstract We describe a research effort on a simulation model that incorporates problem solving through heuristics, both qualitative and quantitative modelling, and can reason about the complexities of natural phenomena. The example provided describes the integration of mathematical simulation that mimics simple demographic mechanics of biological populations, with rule-based reasoning that contains procedural knowledge and draws on the simulations for examples and analyses; either may access a statistical data base. A blackboard architecture provides for communicating experts, thus, the numerical analysis modules are not simply serving as data generators, but can seek new instantiation based on results obtained. The system provides advice about strategies and parameter estimation for an elementary population simulation model. Additionally, the system instantiates parameters, reasons about biologically plausible scenarios (thus reducing the domain considered), and executes the simulation model. The intended flexibility is to allow use of the model for hypothesis testing, what-if scenarios, parameter estimation and analysis of real data from sample populations, and sensitivity testing. Results of simulations are presented graphically, and the system requires operator intervention for guidance and control. Results are not entirely satisfactory, either from an interpretation standpoint or when considering questions of model verification. Experts in population biology typically reason from the shapes and positioning of data-generated curves. A second intent of this project has been to capture such data-driven reasoning within a simulation model, and to couple numeric and semantic programming at a much deeper level than generally found in typical AI models. We present preliminary results of an attempt to capture interpretations of data presented at a higher level in the form of signatures based on reproductive value curves.
Dissolved gases in the DOSECC Cajon Pass Well: First year results

Fluid sampled from granitic rock near the 2 km depth in the DOSECC Cajon Pass well contained He, H2, CH4, C2H6, and C2H4 in concentrations much greater than in air-saturated water. The dissolved helium, which ranged in concentration from 0.6 to 0.8 µmole/kg-fluid, was almost entirely radiogenic (³He/4He = 0.06 Ra). The δ13C-CH4 value (−36 per mil) and (C2H6 + C2H4)/CH4 ratios (0.02 - 0.05) indicate that the dissolved methane (50-55 µmoles/kg-fluid) was produced by thermogenic breakdown of organic matter. Measured pCO2 values were very low, about 10−5 atm., and the carbon isotopes (δ13C = −18.9 per mil) point to an organic source such as plant root respiration for the dissolved carbonate species. No evidence of mantle volatiles was found despite proximity of the well to the San Andreas fault.
The relation of BMI and skinfold thicknesses to risk factors among young and middle-aged adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Objective: Although adverse levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors are related to skinfold thicknesses and BMI among adults, the relative strengths of these associations are unknown. We examine whether the triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses are more strongly related to adult levels of lipids, fasting insulin and blood pressure than BMI.Design and subjects: Cross-sectional (n = 3318) and longitudinal (n = 1593) analyses of 18- to 44-year-olds examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study from 1983 to 2002. Principal components analysis was used to derive a summary index of the six examined risk factors (triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures).Results: The magnitudes of the differences were generally small, but all comparisons indicated that BMI was at least as strongly related to adverse risk factor levels as was the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses (SF sum). For example, adjusted cross-sectional associati...
A fluorescence-based cyclodextrin sensor to detect nitroaromatic explosives

We report the use of a cyclodextrin inclusion complex (CIC) in fluorescence sensing to provide a method to classify energetic nitroaromatic compounds. A CIC was prepared by the inclusion of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) with γ-cyclodextrin (CD) (BPEA/CD) in water with 5% tetrahydrofuran by volume. The inclusion behaviour of BPEA with γ-CD was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of α- and β-CD with BPEA was also studied. In this system, the inclusion complex BPEA/CD acted as the host and the guests were the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-N-ethylnitramine (Tetryl), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazine (HMX) and pentaerythritoltetranitrate (PETN). The binding of TNT, RDX, Tetryl, HMX and PETN with CD/BPEA was studied for the potential use of BPEA/CD in a sensing application. Experiments were also conducted with explosives and BPEA in the absence of CD. The optical response found for the explosives T...
Separating Subjective Norms, University Descriptive and Injunctive Norms, and U.S. Descriptive and Injunctive Norms for Drinking Behavior Intentions

The theory of planned behavior and the social norms approach both stress the important influence that normative perceptions have on behavioral intentions and behavior. These 2 approaches were used to examine the behavioral intention to limit drinking to 0 to 4 drinks. Further, this study examined whether perception of subjective norms, university- and U.S.-level descriptive norms, and university- and U.S.-level injunctive norms represented separate dimensions for this behavioral intention. A representative sample of 1,100 undergraduate students completed a Web-based survey. The results confirmed that the 5 types of norms were all unique constructs and showed that individuals' intentions to limit their alcohol consumption to 0 to 4 drinks were predicted by positive attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, U.S. descriptive norms, and U.S. injunctive norms. Subjective norms also moderated the relationship between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention. University descriptive ...
A rationale for monitoring the periodontal microbiota after periodontal treatment.

Strict control of dental plaque accumulation remains the cornerstone of successful maintenance of the treated patient. However, some recurrences of Periodontitis appear to take place despite good oral hygiene habits. A proportion of these are likely due to qualitative features of the periodontal microbiota rather than merely increased mass. Microscopic as well as cultural monitoring of qualitative features of the periodontal microbiota may be helpful in detecting critical changes. This review presents some of the research findings that provide a rationale for microbiological monitoring. Some of the advantages as well as difficulties encountered with these procedures are discussed.
Novel indication for posterior dynamic stabilization: Correction of disc tilt after lumbar total disc replacement.

Abstract Background The increase in total disc replacement procedures performed over the last 5 years has increased the occurrence of patients presenting with postoperative iatrogenic deformity requiring revision surgery. Proposed salvage treatments include device retrieval followed by anterior lumbar interbody fusion or posterior fusion. We propose a novel approach for the correction of disc tilt after total disc replacement using a posterior dynamic stabilization system. Methods Pedicle screws can be inserted either in an open manner or percutaneously by standard techniques under fluoroscopy. The collapsed side is expanded, and the convex side is compressed. Universal spacers are placed bilaterally, with the spacer on the collapsed side being taller by 6 mm. Cords are threaded through the spacers and pulled into place with the tensioning instrument. Extra tension is applied to the convex side, and the wound is closed by standard techniques. Results Three patients presenting with tilted total disc replacement devices underwent corrective surgery with posterior dynamic stabilization. Radiographs confirmed correction of deformity in all cases. Conclusions/Level of Evidence This technical note presents a novel indication for posterior dynamic stabilization and describes its surgical application to the correction of disc tilt after total disc replacement. This is level V evidence.