cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Genetics of Sporadic Colon Cancer

Sporadic colon cancers develop as a result of a sequence of genetic events that cause mutation or deletion of key regulator genes, resulting first in hyperplasia, then adenoma, and subsequently, carcinoma and metastasis. This can occur as a result of mutations causing a loss of heterozygosity in key genes such as FAP, DCC, K-ras, and p53 themselves, or as a result from damage to the mismatch repair genes that allow the cell to repair errors in DNA. Genes with a role in colon carcinogenesis include more recently understood genes such as matrix-metalloproteinases, Bcl-2, and VEGF, some of which may provide potential prognostic information and targets for novel therapies.
Age-related changes in polyamine biosynthesis after fasting and refeeding

The effect of aging on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine biosynthesis in the proximal small intestine was studied in two groups of male Fisher 344 rats (young [4-month old] and aged [26- to 27-month old]) using a fasting and refeeding model. In control (nonfasted) rats, levels of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and ODC activity were significantly higher in aged compared with young rats. In aged rats, fasting significantly reduced the levels of putrescine by 41%, spermidine by 23%, and spermine by 11%; however, fasting had no effect on polyamine levels in young rats. ODC activity was decreased 75% in young and 50% in aged rats after fasting compared with the respective age-matched controls. Conversely, 2 h after reinstituting a chow diet increased ODC activity by 17-fold in young rats but only 8-fold in aged rats. Putrescine levels were also increased in both age groups after refeeding; however, similar to ODC activity, these increases were much less in aged rats. In addition, spermidine and spermine levels remained significantly depressed in the aged groups even after 24 h of refeeding. These findings suggest that the normal rigid control of gut polyamine biosynthesis and proliferation noted in young rats is markedly altered with aging.
Myelofibrosis arising in treated histiocytosis X

Myelofibrosis, or fibrous replacement of hematopoietic bone marrow, is rarely encountered in pediatric patients. An unusual, reversible case arising in the setting of treated histiocytosis X is reported, a previously undescribed association. The clinical, pathologic, radiographic, and scintigraphic characteristics of myelofibrosis are reviewed.
Fibronectin Growth Factor-Binding Domains Are Required for Fibroblast Survival

Fibronectin (FN) is required for embryogenesis, morphogenesis, and wound repair, and its Arg-Gly-Asp-containing central cell-binding domain (CCBD) is essential for mesenchymal cell survival and growth. Here, we demonstrate that FN contains three growth factor-binding domains (FN-GFBDs) that bind platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), a potent fibroblast survival and mitogenic factor. These sites bind PDGF-BB with dissociation constants of 10-100 nM. FN-null cells cultured on recombinant CCBD (FNIII(8-11)) without a FN-GFBD demonstrated minimal metabolism and underwent autophagy at 24 hours, followed by apoptosis at 72 hours, even in the presence of PDGF-BB. In contrast, FN-null cells plated on FNIII(8-11) contiguous with FN-GFBD survived without, and proliferated with, PDGF-BB. FN-null cell survival on FNIII(8-11) and noncontiguous arrays of FN-GFBDs required these domains to be adsorbed on the same surface, suggesting the existence of a mesenchymal cell-extracellular matrix synapse. Thus, fibroblast survival required GF stimulation in the presence of a FN-GFBD, as well as adhesion to FN through the CCBD. The findings that fibroblast survival is dependent on FN-GFBD underscore the critical importance of pericellular matrix for cell survival and have significant implications for cutaneous wound healing and regeneration.
Combining the Young and the Young at Heart: Innovative, Intergenerational Programming throughout the Continuum of Long-Term Care

Intergenerational programming is an important part of residential life for nearly 300 older adults at the Pines of Sarasota. At the Pines, older adults in assisted living, skilled care, and special...
GrAF: A Graph-based Format for Linguistic Annotations

In this paper we describe the Graph Annotation Format (GrAF) and show how it is used represent not only independent linguistic annotations, but also sets of merged annotations as a single graph. To demonstrate this, we have automatically transduced several different annotations of the Wall Street Journal corpus into GrAF and show how the annotations can then be merged, analyzed, and visualized using standard graph algorithms and tools. We also discuss how, as a standard graph representation, it allows for the application of well-established graph traversal and analysis algorithms to produce information about interactions and commonalities among merged annotations. GrAF is an extension of the Linguistic Annotation Framework (LAF) (Ide and Romary, 2004, 2006) developed within ISO TC37 SC4 and as such, implements state-of-the-art best practice guidelines for representing linguistic annotations.
Effects of selenium deficiency on diaphragmatic function after resistive loading

Diaphragmatic fatigue has been associated with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Among the defences against reactive oxygen species is the glutathione redox system. The selenium-dependent enzyme glutathione peroxidase is an important component of this system. Thus, we hypothesized that selenium deficiency would lower glutathione peroxidase activity and render the diaphragm more susceptible to a mild exertional protocol. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a selenium-deficient or control diet for 12 weeks then divided into four experimental groups: (1) unloaded, basic diet with selenium supplementation (control); (2) unloaded, selenium-deficient diet; (3) loaded, basic diet with selenium supplementation; and (4) loaded, selenium-deficient diet. Diaphragmatic in vitro contractile properties, glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione content were measured. During inspiratory resistive loading, the animals breathed against an inspiratory resistor at 70% of maximal airway pressure until the target pressure was not achieved for five consecutive breaths. Selenium deficiency resulted in a significant decrease in diaphragmatic glutathione peroxidase activity, without changes in total glutathione content. Neither selenium deficiency nor inspiratory resistive loading alone impaired diaphragmatic contractility. Selenium deficiency in conjunction with inspiratory resistive loading resulted in a significant decrease in diaphragmatic twitch and tetanic force, with a downward shift in the force/frequency curve. These data suggest that selenium deficiency lowers diaphragmatic glutathione peroxidase activity, and when these animals are subjected to the oxidative stress of resistive loading, there is an impairment in muscle function. We conclude that a functional glutathione peroxidase is necessary to protect the diaphragm against the effects of resistive loading.
Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis of Al-substituted tobermorite from zeolites

Abstract Here, we report the rapid synthesis of Al-substituted tobermorites from zeolites under microwave-hydrothermal (M-H) conditions. The synthesized phases were characterized by powdered XRD analysis, SEM and selective Cs exchange determination. Zeolites served as aluminosilicate sources and M-H conditions yielded highly crystalline Al-substituted tobermorites in 2 h at 180°C and they showed high selectivity for Cs. For example, an Al-substituted tobermorite synthesized from phillipsite showed Cs exchange Kd of 2161±465 and 118,589±44,928 from 0.02N NaCl and 0.02N CaCl2 solutions (both contained 0.0002N CsCl), respectively. Al-substituted tobermorites are expected to be useful for the selective separation of radioactive Cs and tobermorites can be incorporated in cement and/or concrete matrix for Cs immobilization.
Neocortical Neural Sprouting, Synaptogenesis, and Behavioral Recovery After Neocortical Infarction in Rats

Background and Purpose Neuroanatomical plasticity is well described in lesions of the hippocampus but remains a subject of some controversy in the neocortex. The purpose of the present study was to measure the neocortical distribution and density of expression of proteins known to be involved in neurite growth or synaptogenesis and to correlate the neocortical expression with behavioral recovery after a focal neocortical infarction. Focal neocortical infarction creates a circumscribed lesion in the neocortex that provides a denervation stimulus for neurite growth and synaptogenesis. Methods Unilateral neocortical ischemia was induced in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats (n=4 per time point) by permanent occlusion of the distal middle cerebral artery and ipsilateral common carotid artery. To determine the spatial and temporal distribution of neurite growth and/or synaptogenesis, GAP-43, a growth-associated protein expressed on axonal growth cones, and synaptophysin, a calcium-binding protein foun...
Alkaline borohydride degradation of blood group H substance.

Abstract Treatment of blood group H substance at a concentration of 1 mg/ml with O.05 n NaOH and 1 m NaBH 4 at 50 ° results in the release of oligosaccharide side chains with a minimum of degradation. A procedure for the partial fractionation as well as the chemical and immunochemical analyses of these reduced oligosaccharides is described.
A subjectivist essay on modern labor economics

Subjectivist methodology has attracted an increasing number of adherents as a result of the recent reemergence of the Austrian school. The new Austrian school has challenged the methodological approach of neoclassical economics in many areas. This essay seeks to extend that challenge into the area of labor economics. Modern labor economics, viewed from a subjectivist perspective, is argued to merit a mixed review. However, it is also argued that neoclassical labor economists (as compared with neoclassicists in other specialized areas) seem quite amenable to incorporation of subjective elements into their analysis.
Line model for multisignature Gibbs classification

The performance of the Gibbs Classifier over a statistically heterogeneous image can be improved if the locally stationary regions in the image are disassociated from each other through the mechanism of the interaction parameters defined at the local neighborhood level. This usually involves the construction of a line process for the image. In this paper we describe a method for constructing a line process for multisignature images based on the differential (total derivative) of the image which, when expressed statistically, can provide an a priori estimate of the line field.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Kummer Configurations and Sm-Reflector Problems: Hypersurfaces in {\mathbb{R}}^{n+1} with Given Mean Intensity

For a congruence of straight lines defined by a hypersurface in \({\mathbb{R}}^{n+1}\), n ≥ 1, and a field of reflected directions created by a point source we define the notion of intensity in a tangent direction and introduce elementary symmetric functions Sm, \(m = 1, 2, \ldots , n\), of principal intensities. The problem of existence and uniqueness of a closed hypersurface with prescribed Sn is the “reflector problem” extensively studied in recent years. In this paper we formulate and give sufficient conditions for solvability of an analogous problem in which the mean intensity S1 is a given function.
Loop II of DNA polymerase beta is important for polymerization activity and fidelity.

The accurate replication and transmission of genetic information is critical in the life of an organism. During its entire lifespan, the genetic information is constantly under attack from endogenous and exogenous sources of damage. To ensure that the content of its genetic information is faithfully preserved for synthesis and transmission, eukaryotic cells have developed a complex system of genomic quality control. Key players in this process are DNA polymerases, the enzymes responsible for synthesizing the DNA, because errors introduced into the genome by polymerase can result in mutations. We use DNA polymerase beta (pol β) as a model system to investigate mechanisms of preserving fidelity during nucleotide incorporation. In the study described here, we characterized the role that loop II of pol β plays in maintaining the activity and fidelity of pol β. We report here that the absence or shortening of loop II compromises the catalytic activity of pol β. Our data also show that loop variants of a specific length have a lower fidelity when compared to the wild-type polymerase. Taken together, our results indicate that loop II is important for the catalytic activity and fidelity of pol β.
Familial Letterer-Siwe disease

Summary Two cases of Letterer-Siwe disease in the same family are reported with a brief resume of other reported instances of familial Letterer-Siwe disease.
Energy relaxation of hot holes in GaAs grown on Si

I-lot hole energy relaxation dynamics are reported using time- and energy-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The hole cooling rate is determined to be smaller than expected bed on hole scatterings with longitudinal optical phonons.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nitrogen fixation and photoproduction of molecular hydrogen by Thiorhodaceae.

Nitrogen fixation has been shown to be a characteristic of two previously untested strains of the purple sulfur bacteriumChromatium sp.Chromatium strains have been shown to produce molecular hydrogen when suppliedD-L malate and bicarbonate in the presence of light and the absence of exogenous ammonia and molecular nitrogen. These results are discussed in relation to current findings on the nitrogen metabolism of the photosynthetic bacteria.
Genomic amplification in the cotyledon parenchyma of common bean.

The cotyledon parenchyma cells of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) produce large quantities of storage proteins during embryo maturation; throughout this period, these cells also accumulate nuclear DNA (nDNA). To investigate the basis of this nDNA accumulation, we have measured storage protein mRNA pools, nDNA mass, and gene copy number at specific stages of cotyledon development. RNA blotting and hybridization show that transcripts encoding the major embryospecific storage proteins are present very early in cotyledon development, accumulate in coordinate fashion to peak during mid-maturation, and fall in abundance prior to the onset of dormancy. During this same period, nDNA mass per parenchyma cell nucleus, as measured by Feulgen microspectrophotometry, increases from 2C–4C to about 64C (C being the haploid germ cell genomic complement). The nDNA values do not cluster around integral multiples of the diploid 2C amount. DNA blotting and hybridization are used to evaluate the relative representations of different classes of the bean genome in DNA samples isolated from vegetative tissues, from cotyledons beginning to accumulate storage proteins, and from cotyledons of late maturation embryos entering dormancy. The results demonstrate that the observed DNA accumulation in the cotyledon parenchyma is due to overlapping rounds of replication of the complete genome and not to disproportionate amplification of specific sequences nor to random DNA synthesis.
Zero-point vibrational energy of an adsorbed film

The ground-state energy of a submonolayer4He film is studied, taking into account vibration perpendicular to the surface. We use an adiabatic approximation that evaluates thez motion with the surface-parallel coordinatesx, y of the atoms held fixed. The coupled atoms' dynamical equations are solved using various assumptions, all of which yield a similar result. The numerical results for the zero point energy indicate that4He does not form a 2D liquid at zero temperature on K, Rb, or Cs surfaces; instead it is a quantum gas.
Demo: KinVocal: Detecting Agitated Vocal Events

Many elderly who are suffering from dementia are also suffering from agitation. While most assisted living facilities and home health care situations rely upon caregivers to monitor and record agitation of their patients, the accuracy is limited because the caregiver must be present during the agitation and must record the event properly. Accurate 24-7 data would help physicians with improved diagnoses and care. To solve this problem we developed KinVocal, a system that continuously monitors and detects agitated vocal events and can be used for the elderly population suffering from dementia. KinVocal, using a novel combination of acoustic signal processing and multiple text mining techniques, automatically detects and records the 8 major vocal agitations for dementia patients as defined by the medical community. This includes: constant unwarranted request for attention or help, making verbal sexual advances, crying, screaming, laughing, cursing, speaking in repetitive sentences, and negativism. The novelty of KinVocal includes the comprehensiveness of addressing all 8 vocal events, using the text of the vocalizations only when accurate, combining text and acoustic features when necessary, and employing text mining and feature identification. A comprehensive performance evaluation includes using data from Youtube and movies, controlled experiments, and real in-home deployments. The results show high accuracy for all 8 vocal events.
A Control Design Method for Switching Systems With Application to Pneumatic Servo Systems

The motivation for this work is to formulate a control design method for a pneumatic system with discrete input values (resulting from the use of binary or three-position solenoid valves) that addresses the time-delay that is often associated with the flow state of solenoid on/off valves. This method is shown to be applicable to a general class of nonlinear, non-autonomous systems subject to possibly discontinuous governing dynamics. This method is then extended for time-delayed systems and applied to the case of LTI models with a finite number of allowed input values possessing a pure time delay. A pneumatic inertial positioning system employing binary solenoid valves exhibiting a time delay is modeled, and the control design method proposed is applied. An experimental implementation of the resulting control law for accurate position tracking utilizing only position feedback demonstrates the effectiveness of the method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Facilitating emotional processing in depression: the application of exposure principles

Even with the best psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for unipolar depression, relapse is a serious problem. One path to improve treatments for depression is to target fundamental processes that go awry in depression and to enhance new learning by adapting principles and strategies from exposure-based treatments for anxiety and fear-related disorders. I describe basic principles of exposure and emotional processing and illustrate with Exposure-Based Cognitive Therapy (EBCT) for depression, how these principles can be applied, with some adaptation, to address the therapeutic targets of depression. Clinical trial data of EBCT suggest that this application might be fruitful and that the process of change might be similar to that in exposure-based treatments for anxiety and trauma-related disorders.
Canonical localizers and nonmaximal orders in the Witt setting

Abstract Canonical localizers relating the number field trace to the residue field trace arise in the Witt group of degree k maps and in the study of the knot concordance group. These are required to do computations in the Witt setting when nonmaximal orders in an algebraic number field are studied. This paper gives criteria under which these canonical localizers can be computed. It also gives an example of an element of order 4 in the knot concordance group CS(Z), where S = Z(θ) is a nonmaximal order in the algebraic number field Q(θ).
Synthesis and characterization of hemins having amino acids bound to the porphyrin ring

Abstract A series of iron(III) protoporphyrin IX chloride compounds, having histidine and/or methionine attached to the ring and coordinating the iron atom, have been prepared. The properties of these compounds have been characterized using infrared spectroscopy, light absorption spectroscopy, NMR, and cyclic voltammetry. The results of these characterizations indicate that the compounds can be divided into groups based on the spin state of the iron atom. It was found that the histamine methionine compound is an intermediate spin system in non- or weakly-coordinating solvents. A transition from S = 3 2 to S = 1 2 has been observed. It was also found that the electron transfer rates for the bis(histidine) compounds vary with the strain introduced into the system by varying the chain length of the attached ligand.
Periodontal and prosthetic treatment of a cleft lip and palate patient: a case report.

Abstract Although cleft lip and palate patients are usually treated by a multidisciplinary team involving physicians and dentists, their periodontal condition may be overlooked. Crowded or malpositioned teeth, hypertrophic gingiva, orthodontic appliances, and prosthetic replacements can impede proper plaque removal and thus perpetuate periodontal disease. It is important to incorporate periodontal treatment into the comprehensive treatment as early as possible. This case report discusses the periodontal surgical procedures involved in eliminating a residual ridge defect and the fitting of the final prosthetic reconstruction. Also, the importance of the identification and management of periodontal conditions characteristic of cleft lip and palate patients before and after surgical, orthodontic, and prosthetic rehabilitation will be emphasized.
Exchange rate movements and the stock returns of U.S. commercial banks

Abstract This article investigates the correlation between exchange rates and the stock returns of a portfolio of commercial banks. The results provide some evidence that bank stocks are, on average, sensitive to foreign exchange rate movements. The results also suggest significant cross-sectional variation in the sensitivity of bank stock returns to exchange rate movements. Similar to a study of U.S. nonfinancial multinationals, this study finds evidence that the relationship of stock returns and exchange rates may be correlated with the degree of the firm's foreign operations.
Adolescence: What Do Transmission, Transition, and Translation Have to Do with It?

Negotiating the transition from dependence on parents to relative independence is not a unique demand for today's youth but has a long evolutionary history (transmission) and is shared across mammalian species (translation). However, behavioral changes observed during this period are often described as delinquent. This review examines changes in explorative and emotive behaviors during the transition into and out of adolescence and the underlying neurobiological bases in the context of adaptive and maladaptive functions.
Recursive hidden-line elimination on an infinite surface

Algorithms that display a piece of an arbitrary, infinite surface with a vector display or pen plotter are well-known (Figure 1). Iterative algorithms can be time-consuming to implement in Fortran or PL/1. We designed, coded and debugged a substantially more perspicuous implementation in Common Lisp in about two hours on a Symbolics 3670.
Applying the ARCS Model to the Design and Development of Computer-Based Modules for Manufacturing Engineering Courses

This paper describes how a multimedia design team at Wayne State University, working on an engineering education project funded by the National Science Foundation, incorporated Keller's ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction) model into the design and development of a computer-based instructional (CBI) module for a college engineering course in economics. A discussion of how and why the components were incorporated into the traditional instructional design phases of definition, design, development, implementation, and evaluation is presented.
Creating a longitudinal environment of awareness: teaching professionalism outside the anatomy laboratory.

Anatomy educators have long understood the role that professionalism education plays in the dissection laboratory. The process of dissecting human material forces students to address such issues as human mortality, their responsibility to the vulnerability of the deceased, their privileged position
An evolutionary approach to norms

Iorms provide a powerful mechanism for regulating conflict in groups, even when there are more than two people and no central authority. This paper investigates the emergence and stability of behavioral norms in the context of a game played by people of limited rationality. The dynamics of this new norms game are analyzed with a computer simulation based upon the evolutionary principle that strategies shown to be relatively effective will be used more in the future than less effective strategies. The results show the conditions under which norms can evolve and prove stable. One interesting possibility is the employment of metanorms, the willingness to punish someone who did not enforce a norm. Many historical examples of domestic and international norms are used to illustrate the wide variety of mechanisms that can support norms, including metanorms, dominance, internalization, deterrence, social proof, membership in groups, law, and reputation.
The measurement in man by a pneumocardiographic method of the excess of arterial outflow from the chest over venous inflow during the heart cycle

Abstract The movements of the chest wall caused by the heart beat were recorded photographically from an ordinary pneumograph during suspended respiration. To calibrate the excess of outflow of blood from the chest over inflow during the early part of the cardiac cycle the oscillations of the record were compared with the displacement obtained by introducing into the thorax, or removing from it, 24 c.c. of air by way of the mouth. It is concluded that the excess of arterial outflow over venous inflow is approximately 30 c.c. Reasons for the low values, about 1 c.c., which have been obtained previously by tracings from the mouth alone are discussed.
Synthesis and reactivity of some N-triphenylgermyl heterocyclic amines

Abstract Five new N -triphenylgermyl heterocyclic amines have been prepared: the imidazole, phthalimide, succinimide, pyrazole, and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, as well as the previously reported N -triphenylgermylpyrrole. The reactivity of these compounds toward a series of nucleophilic reagents has been determined and compared with the reactivity of an analogous series of N -tributylgermyl compounds. The greater reactivity of the N -triphenylgermyl compounds rules out any possibility of stabilization of the GeN bond by through conjugation between the π-systems of the phenyl groups and the heterocyclic amine.
An exploration of the correlates of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in romantic relationships: Homophily, partner characteristics, and dyadic adjustment

Abstract The present study examined the characteristics of individuals ( N = 104 undergraduate couples) who date grandiosely or vulnerably narcissistic individuals, including the experience of developmental trauma, general and pathological personality traits, and psychopathology, using multiple data sources. In addition, relationship duration was tested as a moderator of the relations between the narcissism dimensions and relationship adjustment. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models indicated that negative relationship adjustment was found when both partners had higher entitlement/exploitativeness traits and had been together for a longer period of time. Overall, there were no clear patterns of partner characteristics, although some evidence for homophily emerged for traits related to grandiose narcissism.
Mnemonic Artwork-Learning Strategies: Helping Students Remember More than "Who Painted What?".

Abstract In two experiments, a recently devised mnemonic strategy was examined in the context of college students recalling the theme and contents of various paintings. With the painting-artist mnemonic strategy: (a) the artist's name is first recoded as a more concrete proxy; and (b) the recoded stimulus is then related to a prominent feature of the painting. Previous research has demonstrated that such a strategy enhances students' recall of artist names when cued with the associated paintings. The present study extends those findings by demonstrating that the strategy similarly facilitates students' recall of paintings and painting information when cued with the associated artist names. Of three different mnemonic variations included, one that incorporates a verbally described mnemonic interaction into the painting proved most effective. Suggestions for future research and educational implications are included in the discussion.
Effectiveness of CMOS Charge Reflection Barriers in Space Radiation Environments

Single event upsets in microelectronic circuits follow the collection of more than some critical amount of charge at certain reverse-biased junctions. Reducing charge collection at the junctions lowers the upset rate without requiring performance tradeoff. Three mechanisms for reducing the fraction of charge collected at a junction can be incorporated in the use of CMOS-type wells. For illustration the CHMOS-III-D process used in Intel's P51C256 is shown to lower the error rate to be expected in deep space by an order of magnitude from that calculated for an equivalent dRAM of standard design.
Teaching Essential Behaviors of Leadership: A Rationale and Syllabus

In an interview, General H. Norman Schwarzkopf (retired) said, "...if you chose to wear the mantle of leadership, it places a burden on you to conduct yourself differently than the average person" (1994, p. 6). So, what is a leader? Can leadership behaviors be taught? The answer is, "yes". Unfortunately, educators have lagged behind the development curve in providing for effective leaders. Educators must be the avant garde in ensuring effective leadership for tomorrow and the 21st century. The purpose of this paper was (a) to present a discussion of the literature concerning leadership and (b) to provide a course syllabus for leadership behaviors.
Postnormal times revisited

Abstract Postnormal times (PNT) have been characterised by complexity, chaos and contradictions. But PNT theory has come under criticism for (allegedly) suggesting that ‘the world has entered an Omega phase’, using Alliterative Logic, and being western in nature. This paper answers some of the critics of PNT, provides further evidence of postnormal phenomenon, and examines the current trends that are taking us towards a postnormal ‘extended present’. Finally, it explores what PNT implies for futures studies and what it means to ‘be postnormal’.
The effects of smoking on electrocortical arousal in coronary prone (type A) and non-coronary prone (type B) subjects.

Twenty-nine Type A subjects, (>75 percentile on the Jenkins Activity Survey) and 28 Type Bs (<25 percentile of the survey) were asked to smoke one cigarette (1.0 mg nicotine, 16 mg tar, 14 mg CO) using a standardized smoking procedure. Significant differences between baseline and smoking conditions were noted in the distribution of electrocortical activity for both groups. In addition, a shift from EEG low frequency high amplitude (alpha) events to high frequency low amplitude activity (beta) was noted for the As, while the Bs showed enhanced very low frequency high amplitude (theta) activity. A striking parallel was observed between the behavioral predisposition of the subject (A/B) and the possible function of the underlying neurological structure mediating the observed EEG changes. It is suggested that the electrocortical changes observed for the As during smoking are mediated by reticular (ARS I) arousal. Enhanced reticular activity may coincide with an increased rate of information processing, attention and vigilance. On the other hand, the electrocortical changes observed for the Type Bs may represent enhanced activity of the limbic system (ARS II) with could coincide with stimulation of the reward/pleasure centers. Smoking may produce a pattern of neurophysiological arousal which parallels the behavioral tempo of the individual. Possible differences in in vivo regulation of nicotine cholinergic binding sites are also discussed.
Acute Pulmonary Edema Induced by Overdosage of Phenothiazines

Three schizophrenic adults with previous histories of using phenothiazine derivatives developed acute pulmonary edema after taking large amounts of these drugs. The clinical manifestations included coma (three), hypothermia (two), tachycardia (two), miosis (two) and hypotension (one). All three patients underwent gastric lavage and were treated supportively. The fulminant pulmonary edema in the three cases resolved within 18 to 40 h. The etiology of pulmonary edema following overdosage of phenothiazines remains unknown. The authors hypothesize that the most likely pathogenesis is a drug-induced neurogenic pulmonary edema resulting from a disturbance of hypothalamic function.
The Rise and Fall of the South African Bomb

South Africa built six nuclear weapons in the 1970s and 1980s and then scrapped them in 1990–91. As one of the few states to produce nuclear weapons and the only one to dismantle an indigenous arsenal, the South African case presents a rare opportunity to study the causes of nuclear acquisition and disarmament. This article examines the political history of the South African bomb and the light it sheds on three general sources of nuclear weapons policy: security incentives, organizational politics, and international pressure along with state sensitivity to such pressure. It is based on published research as well as dozens of interviews with South African nuclear policymakers. Ofacial South African accounts and some scholarly studies stress the changing security threat to South Africa as the mainspring behind the nuclear weapons program’s development and ultimate demise. Although the militarization and dismantlement of the program did coincide with the vicissitudes of threats The Rise and Fall of the South African Bomb Peter Liberman
The ubiquitin system and the N-end rule pathway

Eukaryotes contain a highly conserved multienzyme system which covalently links a small protein, ubiquitin, to a variety of intracellular proteins that bear degradation signals recognized by this system. The resulting ubiquitin-protein conjugates are degraded by the 26S proteasome, an ATP-dependent protease. Pathways that involve ubiquitin play major roles in a huge variety of processes, including cell differentiation, cell cycle, and responses to stress. In this article we briefly review the design of the ubiquitin system, and describe two recent advances, the finding that ubiquitin ligases interact with specific components of the 26S proteasome, and the demonstration that peptides accelerate their uptake into cells by activating the N-end rule pathway, one of several proteolytic pathways of the ubiquitin system.
Geopotential coefficient recovery from very long arcs of resonant orbits

Many very long (up to 1100 days) maneuver-free orbital arcs of resonant 12- and 24-hour satellites exist. These orbits are extremely sensitive to low-degree and low-order terms of the geopotential, To utilize these long orbital arcs for geodesy we integrate numerically orbits and variational equations in a mean element coordinate system. Step sizes of 1–10 days are obtained. All gravitational perturbations and drag and radiation-pressure effects are included. Tests with published gravity models on these long arcs indicate that considerable improvement in low-order coefficients, even beyond the second degree, is possible and desirable. These tests as a whole show that the low-order portions of 1969 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory gravity fields are superior to those derived in 1966, all without the use of this sensitive resonant satellite data. New geopotential results from combined 12- and 24-hour satellite data have also been obtained. A resonance-corrected Smithsonian 1969 field is presented that should have an accurate set of low-order and low-degree coefficients. These coefficients agree quite well with 1969 Smithsonian solutions.
The Development of a Qualitative Extension for the Personally Expressive Activities Questionnaire (PEAQ-QE): A Construct Validation Study

This study describes the development of a qualitative extension for the Personally Expressive Activities Questionnaire (PEAQ), a widely used quantitative questionnaire assessing feeling of personal expressiveness, a core positive identity construct. The PEAQ qualitative extension was developed as part of an ongoing effort to develop and refine an easy-to-use, standardized, reliable method designed for use in adding a free response qualitative component to a full range of fixed response quantitative measures. This article reports basic psychometric properties for the qualitative extension and preliminary evidence of construct validity. The availability of a ready-at-hand standardized method for including free response qualitative extensions of widely used measures with known reliability and validity in developmental research provides a means for detecting and rendering theoretically meaningful: (a) unique sample-specific free response linguistic content properties, (b) linguistic content properties undetec...
Relational communication in applied contexts: Current status and future directions

“I would like to go to graduate school in communication. I was told by one of my management professors that although I have the GPA and GMAT scores to be admitted as a MBA student, my preoccupation...
Neural model for the Stevens’ power law

A neural model, compatible with known “all or none” neurological principles, duplicates or closely approximates Stevens’ power law with any exponent—greater or less than unity. The model has several electronic analogues, and one is discussed. The model predicts experimental neurological and psychological findings.
Distribution of Campylobacter jejuni capsular types, 2007–2012, Philadelphia, PA

The distribution of Campylobacter jejuni capsular serotypes in the Philadelphia region from 2007 to 2012 was determined using molecular methods. Compared with the last U.S. survey in 1990, there does not appear to be a major shift in circulating capsular types.
Path correction using interpolated amplitude residuals: An example from central China

To isolate effects of the laterally varying lithosphere on regional seismograms, we geographically smoothed source- and distance-corrected amplitudes from 853 events recorded at station LZH in central China. This procedure was applied to P n , P g , S n and L g phases and various coda windows for eight bands between 0.5 and 8 Hz. We assume smoothing reduces effects such as source radiation, leaving an estimate of the path effect that can be used to correct data. A cross-validation procedure showed that path corrections performed best with low-frequency L g data, reducing variance up to 39% for 1 Hz L g , and up to 57% for 0.75 Hz P/L g ratios, compared to correction for distance alone. These corrections reduce scatter in magnitude estimates and discriminant ratios without needing to know detailed geological structure and will be important for effective test-ban monitoring.
Emerging low-density lipoprotein therapies: Targeting PCSK9 for low-density lipoprotein reduction

Abstract Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a protein secreted by the hepatocyte that regulates the surface expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors by targeting them for lysosomal degradation. Statins enhance PCSK9 synthesis, an effect that blunts the LDL-cholesterol (-C)–lowering effectiveness of statins. Loss-of-function mutations in the PCSK9 gene produce life-long low levels of LDL-C and reduce cardiovascular risk. Monoclonal antibodies to PCSK9, which mimic the effects of genetic mutations by inhibiting PCSK9, are in clinical trial development. Two different commercial development programs have demonstrated significant success in lowering LDL-C in phase 1 and 2 trials with similar agents: REGN727/SAR236553 (REGN727) and, more recently, AMG 145. When administered subcutaneously at doses ranging from 50 to 150 mg every 2 weeks or 200 to 400 mg every 4 weeks, these agents produced similar dose-responses in LDL-C lowering. In hypercholesterolemic patients, LDL-C reductions ranged up to 60%, and, as would be expected, an even greater response was reported for statin-treated hypercholesterolemic patients—up to 70% decrease. LDL-C has typically shown a gradual increase after the nadir as monoclonal antibodies are cleared from the circulation. Results to date indicate that the PCSK9 monoclonal antibody approach appears safe, well-tolerated, and profoundly lowers LDL-C levels while also favorably altering apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), and high-density lipoprotein-C. It is expected to meet an important clinical need for patients unable to achieve adequate LDL-C-lowering with currently available therapies.
Thickness of knots

Abstract Classical knot theory studies one-dimensional filaments; in this paper we model knots as more physically “real”, e.g., made of some “rope” with nonzero thickness. A motivating question is: How much length of unit radius rope is needed to tie a nontrivial knot? For a smooth knot K , the “injectivity radius” R ( K ) is the supremum of radii of embedded tubular neighborhoods. The “thickness” of K , a new measure of knot complexity, is the ratio of R ( K ) to arc-length. We relate thickness to curvature, self-distance, distortion, and (for knot types) edge-number.
Graft-versus-leukemia and graft-versus-host reactions after donor lymphocyte infusion are initiated by host-type antigen-presenting cells and regulated by regulatory T cells in early and long-term chimeras.

Abstract Regulatory T (Treg) cells and host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have been implicated in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect after donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), but their relative contributions remain unclear in early versus long-term complete donor or mixed murine allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) chimeras. We have previously demonstrated that donor HSC-derived Thy1+ Treg cells, consisting primarily of CD4+CD25+ cells, play an important role in the suppression of graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity when DLI is given to complete donor chimeras 28 days after HSC transplantation. Data presented here demonstrate that protection against GVHD exerted by Thy1+ Treg cells is less evident with time and eventually is not required in long-term complete donor chimeras because of an absence of host-type APCs to activate alloreactive T cells. Lethal GVHD was observed when Thy1+ Treg cells were depleted from complete donor chimeras given by DLI at day 28, 35, or 42; however, Treg cell depletion and DLI at day 70 no longer induced GVHD-associated mortality. Moreover, the failure of DLI to induce GVHD with Treg depletion correlated with a loss of the DLI-induced GVL effect in long-term (day 100) complete donor chimeras. In contrast to the results from complete donor chimeras, GVL reactivity in day 100 mixed chimeras was robust after DLI. Loss of a DLI-induced GVL effect in long-term complete donor chimeras was attributed to the absence of host APCs because the infusion of exogenous host-type dendritic cells partially restored both DLI-induced GVL and GVH reactions in day 100 complete donor chimeras. The GVL and GVH reactions restored by infusion of host dendritic cells in day 100 complete donor chimeras were at least partially regulated by Treg cells because transient depletion of CD25+ cells increased both the GVL effect and the severity of GVHD after DLI. Taken together, these data suggest that Treg cells can regulate DLI-induced GVL and GVH reactions in both early and long-term complete donor chimeras, and a state of mixed chimerism is superior to complete donor chimerism because host-type APCs facilitate a DLI-induced GVL effect without severe GVHD.
Substituted aluminum and zinc quinolates with blue-shifted absorbance/luminescence bands: Synthesis and spectroscopic, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence characterization

Two novel lumophores based on aluminum and zinc metallo-8-hydroxyquinolates have been prepared as electroluminescent materials, and their absorbance, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence properties compared with unsubstituted versions of these same complexes. 8-Hydroxy-5-piperidinylquinolinesulfonamide (1) was synthesized in order to add an electron-withdrawing substituent at the 5-position in 8-hydroxyquinoline, increasing the solubility of the corresponding metal quinolate complexes in nonpolar solvents, and producing a blue-shift in the emission wavelength maximum, relative to complexes formed from the unsubstituted compound. The aluminum complex (Al(QS)3) and the zinc complex (Zn(QS)2) of 1 were compared with the aluminum and zinc complexes of unsubstituted 8-hydroxyquinoline (AlQ3 and ZnQ2), both as solutions and as pure thin films, or as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) thin films doped with the metal quinolates. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy data are presented to assist in estimating the...
Exploring the Effects of Ostracism on Performance and Intrinsic Motivation

Two experiments investigated the effects of ostracism on performance and intrinsic motivation. Participants were either included or ostracized via an online ball-tossing game and then completed two trials of an interesting word-search task. Later, they engaged in a free-choice trial designed to assess their intrinsic motivation for the word-search task. Results indicated that ostracized participants performed more poorly and experienced lower positive mood and relatedness than included participants. Although no direct effects of ostracism on intrinsic motivation were found, in both studies ostracism indirectly affected intrinsic motivation through positive mood, such that ostracism led to poorer mood and, in turn, lower intrinsic motivation. Implications for future research on ostracism in organizations are discussed.