cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiuse 10-g monofilament contamination.

Growing interest has been given to the contamination of commonly used instruments in the physical exam (1,2). We are unaware of such scrutiny being given to the 10-g monofilament. The 10-g monofilament is a common screening test used to identify patients with loss of protective sensation and is part of recommended practice for the comprehensive foot exam for patients with diabetes (3). The instrument is typically used on feet with no open lesions or other breaks in the integument. With the growing prevalence and concern associated with resistant organisms such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci , many preventative measures are now being used by clinics and hospitals around the country, including normal screening for these bacteria. …
Sexual dysfunction with aging and systemic hypertension

The incidence of sexual dysfunction increases with age and in the presence of systemic hypertension. An interplay between endocrine, neurologic and vascular systems mediates normal male sexual function. Androgens primarily regulate libido and maintenance of genital tissue, while the autonomic nervous system and arterial blood flow play key roles in the physiology of the male sexual response, particularly penile erection. Vascular disease related to hypertension, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis may be the main factor contributing to the sexual dysfunction that occurs with aging. Hormonal alterations probably play less of a role. The importance of neurologic abnormalities remains to be determined. Although specific diagnostic testing can be useful in defining abnormalities in each of these systems, treatment of sexual dysfunction in the setting of hypertension in the elderly patient remains a challenge.
IBM system z functional and performance verification using X-Gen

In the IBM System z10trade project, new hardware components such as a processor core, memory and IO subsystem as well as new packaging components have been designed. In this paper we describe how functional hardware verification has been applied to verify the correctness of system related functions. A huge challenge is to prove that the system performance with respect to bandwidth and latency actually matches the predictions as well as the actual prototypes. This paper describes a new method that has been introduced in order to verify the system performance using simulation of RTL models. The paper further describes the application of a model-based random test case generator named X-Gen to provide complex testing scenarios, intelligent background noise, and expected results. It concludes with the results of the verification approaches with respect to finding functional and performance related hardware inefficiencies during the design implementation phase.
Refining posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis: evaluation of symptom criteria with the National Survey of Adolescents.

Objective To compare the prevalence estimates, comorbidity rates, and structural validity of a revised symptom criteria set for the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with those of the DSM-IV criteria in a representative community sample of adolescents. Method Cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Adolescents, a 1995 household probability sample of 4,023 adolescents aged 12-17 years, were examined. DSM-IV PTSD symptoms were assessed with a modification of the National Women's Study PTSD module. Three- and 4-factor DSM-IV models were compared to a 2-factor PTSD model that deleted symptoms potentially overlapping with depression or other anxiety disorders. Comorbidity was assessed using DSM-IV criteria for major depressive episodes and substance use disorders. Results PTSD prevalence varied across models (ie, 5.2%-8.8%, lifetime; 3.2%-5.7%, past 6 months). When the 2-factor model was used with a proportionate symptom threshold, lifetime PTSD prevalence was comparable to that with the 3-factor DSM-IV model, and major depressive episode comorbidity was reduced by 9%-14%. Comorbidity with substance use disorders was comparable across models. Structural validity, tested with confirmatory factor analyses, showed that the 2-factor model and a 4-factor DSM-IV model were superior to the DSM-IV 3-factor model. Conclusion Compared to the DSM-IV 3-factor PTSD model, a 2-factor model that removed depression and anxiety symptoms and used a proportionate symptom threshold may produce comparable lifetime PTSD prevalence estimates, reduced PTSD-depression comorbidity, and superior structural validity (comparable to a 4-factor PTSD model) when applied to community samples of adolescents. Further research on PTSD structure and diagnosis with adolescents is warranted.
Activation of adenosine A3 receptors reduces ischemic brain injury in rodents

Adenosine A3 receptor (A3R) agonists have been shown to reduce cardiac and lung injury, but the protective roles of A3R agonists in the CNS are not well characterized. The protective effect of selective A3R agonist chloro-N(6)-(3-iodo-benzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA) was first examined in primary cortical cultures. In cortical culture, Cl-IB-MECA pretreatment antagonized the hypoxia-mediated decrease in cell viability. In vivo, Cl-IB-MECA or vehicle was given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously to anesthetized rats. Animals were subjected to focal cerebral ischemia induced by transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation. Intracerebroventricular or repeated intravenous administration (i.e., at 165 min and 15 min before MCA ligation) of Cl-IB-MECA did not alter blood pressure during ischemia but increased locomotor activity and decreased cerebral infarction 2 days after. In these animals, Cl-IB-MECA also reduced the density of TUNEL labeling in the lesioned cortex. The possibility of endogeneous neuroprotection was further examined in A3R knockout mice. After MCA ligation, an increase in cerebral infarction was found in the A3R knockouts compared with the A3R wild-type controls, suggesting that A3Rs are tonically activated during ischemia. Additionally, intracerebroventricular pretreatment with Cl-IB-MECA decreased the size of infarction in the wild-type controls, but not in the A3R knockout animals, suggesting that Cl-IB-MECA-induced protection was mediated through the A3 receptors. Collectively, these data suggest that Cl-IB-MECA reduced cerebral infarction through the activation of A3Rs and suppression of apoptosis.
Fathers' Unaccounted Contributions: Paternal Involvement and Maternal Stress:

Mothers are often children's primary caregivers. Fathers have historically been viewed as marginally involved, leaving mothers with a disproportionate share of parenting responsibilities and stress...
Neurohumoral control of esophageal epithelial electrolyte transport

The neurohumoral control of epithelial esophageal electrolyte transport was investigated by studying the effect of various hormones and neuroeffector agents on the potential difference (PD) in vivo or on the electrical parameters of electrolyte transport in vitro. The rabbit esophagus, which has no submucosal esophageal glands, demonstrated no effect of pentagastrin, cholecystokinin octapeptide, or synthetic secretin in vivo, and no effect of these hormones or of vasopressin, aldosterone, carbachol, epinephrine, or cAMP in vitro. The rabbit esophagus did respond to metabolic substrates (glucose) in vitro by increasing sodium absorption. In contrast, the opossum esophagus, which contains extensive submucosal glands, had a lower electrical resistance, PD, short-circuit current, and sodium absorption with higher chloride secretion. This esophagus responded to carbachol and epinephrine by sodium and chloride secretion. We believe that only the submucosal glands of the esophagus are under significant neurohumoral control while the sodium transporting function of the stratified squamous epithelium of this organ is important in maintaining its barrier function.
Multiphase phase field theory for temperature-induced phase transformations: Formulation and application to interfacial phases

Abstract The main conditions for the thermodynamic potential for multiphase Ginzburg–Landau theory are formulated for temperature-induced phase transformations (PTs). Theory, which satisfies all these conditions for n− phase material, is developed. The key point is a new penalizing term in the local energy that allows controlling absence or presence and the extent of the presence of the third phase within the interface between two other phases. A finite-element method is applied for studying PT between β and δ phases of HMX energetic crystal via intermediate melting more than 100°C below melting temperature. Depending on material parameters (ratio of the width and energy of the solid–solid (SS) to solid–melt interface and the magnitude of the penalizing term), there are either two (meta)stable stationary interfacial nanostructures, corresponding to slightly and strongly disordered interfaces (in the limits, pure SS interface or complete melt within SS interface), or these nanostructures coincide. A parametric study of these nanostructures is presented. The developed requirements and approach are applicable to various PTs between multiple solid and liquid phases and can be elaborated for PTs induced by mechanical and electromagnetic fields, diffusive PTs, and the evolution of multi-grain and multi-twin microstructures.
Wetland defense: naturally occurring pesticide resistance in zooplankton populations protects the stability of aquatic communities.

Anthropogenic stressors are ubiquitous and have been implicated in worldwide declines of terrestrial and aquatic species. Pesticides are one such stressor that can have profound effects on aquatic communities by directly affecting sensitive species and indirectly affecting other species via trophic cascades, which can alter ecosystem function. However, there is growing evidence that non-target species can evolve increased resistance. When such species are important drivers of the food web, then evolved resistance should help buffer communities from the effects of pesticides. To examine this possibility, we cultured four populations of the common zooplankton Daphnia pulex that we previously demonstrated were either sensitive or resistant to a common insecticide (i.e., chlorpyrifos) due to their proximity to agriculture. Using outdoor mesocosms that contained identical aquatic communities of phytoplankton, periphyton, and leopard frog tadpoles (Lithobates pipiens), we manipulated four D. pulex populations and four insecticide concentrations. As we monitored the communities for nearly 3 months, we found that the insecticide caused direct mortality of D. pulex in communities containing sensitive populations, and this led to a bloom of phytoplankton. In contrast, the insecticide caused much less direct mortality in communities containing resistant D. pulex populations, and the trophic cascade was prevented under low to moderate insecticide concentrations. Across all insecticide treatments, survivorship of leopard frogs was approximately 72 % in communities with resistant D. pulex but only 35 % in communities with sensitive D. pulex. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to use naturally occurring population variation in insecticide resistance to show that the evolution of pesticide resistance in zooplankton can mitigate the effects of insecticide-induced trophic cascades, and that this outcome can have far-reaching community effects.
DITA authoring

DITA 1.0 is an OASIS standard for creating topic-oriented, information-typed content that can be reused and single-sourced in a variety of ways. It is also an architecture for creating new information types and describing new information domains based on existing types and domains. This allows groups to create very specific, targeted document type definitions using a process called specialization, while still sharing common output transforms and design rules developed for more general types and domains.
Cellular systems as sequential machines: stability properties.

In previous studies of (M,R) (Rosen, 1961; Demetrius, 1966), it was assumed that changes in the structure of (M,R) which were induced by environmental alternations occurred without error. Here, the effect of both “genetic” and “metabolic” malfunctions on the behavior of (M,R) is examined and a subclass of these systems whose behavior is invulnerable to such errors is specified.
Serum copper in children (6-12 years old): an age-correction factor.

Serum copper levels in 681 school children 6 to 12 years of age have shown a significant relationship to age and race for which regression values and formulae for correction to adult normal values of 101 ± 32 μ g. per 100 ml. (± 2 S.D.) are given, and a nomogram for this operation provided. No sex difference was noted. A significant racial difference was noted, the level for Negroes being higher than that for Caucasians and Mexican- Americans, whereas the levels for the last 2 did not differ significantly from each other. Regression values for the mean (in μ g. per 100 ml.) were 159.0 – 2.96 × age for Caucasians and Mexican-Americans and 183.6 – 3.99 × age for Negroes, and the corrections have been considered on the basis of these two groupings, allowing use of a single adult normal mean and range for evaluation of serum copper levels in children.
Flow measurements and plasma simulations of double and single barrier DBD plasma actuators in quiescent air

In recent years, interest has grown in using surface-mounted dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) as aerodynamic actuators. We present the results of our experimental and computational studies of how variations in discharge geometry aect the induced electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) force. Our studies include both single barrier actuators (one electrode insulated) and double barrier actuators (both electrodes insulated). Pitot tube measurements of the ow velocity induced in quiescent air show that, for both actuator types, parallel time-averaged forces increase as the high voltage electrode diameter decreases. Our uid plasma simulation, which models a reduced geometry, predicts some characteristics of the experimental discharge, but does not fully reproduce the experimental trends of the parallel force with changing electrode diameter.
Ground-state analysis of ordered superstructures in the basal plane of YBa2Cu

Ordered superstructures consisting of occupied and empty oxygen sites in the Cu-O basal plane of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{z}}$ have been determined. Pairwise interactions (${V}_{1}$, ${V}_{2}$, ${V}_{3}$) between nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor sites are assumed and ordering maps are plotted as a function of ${V}_{2}$/${V}_{1}$ and ${V}_{3}$/${V}_{1}$ (in the ordering case: ${V}_{1}$g0). The ground state of this Ising model is determined by a direct enumeration method and the relation with experimentally obtained structures is discussed.
Consideration of gentamicin for therapy of neonatal sepsis.

Despite the availability of increasingly potent antibiotics, bacterial infection remains a significant cause of neonatal mortality. The potential value of any new antibiotic should be considered in view of the following characteristics of neonatal sepsis (defined as "clinical sepsis" with bacteremia in the first month of life): 1. The mortality from neonatal sepsis continues to be high, varying between 407o and 507o according to some recent studies [1-3]. If meningitis is present, the mortality is more than 607o [4, 5]. 2. The causative organisms in a majority of cases are gram-negative bacilli, with smaller numbers due to 0 hemolytic streptococci (now mostly group B), and staphylococci. The increasing importance of gram-negative rod septicemia and the persistently high mortality during the antibiotic era are apparent from the studies of the cases observed from 1928 to 1965 and re-
The comparative safety and effectiveness of TNF-alpha antagonists [corrected].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the current knowledge on safety and effectiveness of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a antagonists and identify current knowledge/evidence gaps for study by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Effective Health Care Program. BACKGROUND: Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs) and the Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions about Effectiveness (DEcIDE) network of AHRQ's Effective Health Care Program will study the safety and effectiveness of biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (e.g., TNF-a antagonists). The current knowledge of safety and effectiveness of TNF-a antagonists is reviewed. SUMMARY: Treatment of adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves determining which agents are safe, effective, and cost effective for an individual. Each individual patient's health system may also play a role in which agents are chosen. Many agents are available for the management of RA, some with high cost and unknown safety. Section 1013 of the Medicare Moder...
Syntheis of scanning and nonuniformly spaced Dolph-Chebyshev arrays

In the ACES 2015 meeting, the author presented a method for synthesizing array patterns using a matrix that relates element excitations with the lobe maxima of a desired pattern [1]. The method is applied here to the synthesis of both a Dolph-Chebyshev scanning array and one that has nonuniformly spaced elements.
Treatment of posterolateral knee injuries: complex considerations for complex injuries.

I have chosen to bring out both the strengths and the weaknesses of this article by Geeslin and LaPrade, which focuses on acute posterolateral corner injuries of the knee. I am very familiar with the senior author's work in this area, as he has made great contributions to our knowledge of multiple-ligament injuries of the knee, including those involving the posterolateral corner. This is a Level-IV case series involving a broad mix of pathologies (including isolated injury of the posterolateral corner, concomitant injury of the ACL and/or PCL, and concomitant injuries of other structures), with relatively small numbers and no true comparison group. That being said, there is still important information presented that can be used to improve our treatment of these complex injuries. In this article, it is very easy to “lose sight of the forest for the trees.” My goal is to reveal some basic principles that may get lost among the details presented. Treatment of these complex injuries requires a combination of information that must be gathered by the clinician prior to making recommendations. This is not just a matter of making a diagnosis on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to the MRI, a careful history, the physical examination, and well-made radiographs are all important factors that affect the final decision on how to treat these complex injuries. My final decision regarding surgical …
Scheduled, intermittent stimulation of the thalamus reduces tics in Tourette syndrome.

Abstract Introduction Personalized, scheduled deep brain stimulation in Tourette syndrome (TS) may permit clinically meaningful tic reduction while reducing side effects and increasing battery life. Here, we evaluate scheduled DBS applied to TS at two-year follow-up. Methods Five patients underwent bilateral centromedian thalamic (CM) region DBS. A cranially contained constant-current device delivering stimulation on a scheduled duty cycle, as opposed to the standard continuous DBS paradigm was utilized. Baseline vs. 24-month outcomes were collected and analyzed, and a responder analysis was performed. A 40% improvement in the Modified Rush Tic Rating Scale (MRTRS) total score or Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) total score defined a full responder. Results Three of the 4 patients followed to 24 months reached full responder criteria and had a mean stimulation time of 1.85 h per day. One patient lost to follow-up evaluated at the last time point (month 18) was a non-responder. Patients exhibited improvements in MRTRS score beyond the improvements previously reported for the 6 month endpoint; on average, MRTRS total score was 15.6% better at 24 months than at 6 months and YGTSS total score was 14.8% better. Combining the patients into a single cohort revealed significant improvements in the MRTRS total score (−7.6 [5.64]; p = 0.02). Conclusion Electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic region in a scheduled paradigm was effective in suppressing tics, particularly phonic tics. Full responders were able to achieve the positive DBS effect with a mean of 2.3 ± 0.9 (SEM) hours of DBS per day.
A Hypothetical Bioprecipitation Cycle Involving Ice-Nucleating and Dew-Condensing Bacteria, Plants and Rainfall

Ice-nucleating and dew-condensing bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas have been isolated from small grain cereals in North Africa and in the Western U.S. In Montana, we have obtained ice-nucleation-active pseudomonads from plant surfaces, sprinkler-irrigation aerosols, and from rain clouds 1500 m above wheat and barley fields. Based upon these observations, we have proposed a dissemination model wherein the ice- and dew-condensing bacteria that live as epiphytes on plant leaf surfaces are swept into the atmosphere and are responsible for downwind nucleation of rainfall. Overgrazing with domestic animals or other human-mediated destruction of plants and their epiphytic microflora would reduce downwind nucleation of precipitation and increase the desertification process as it is now occurring in Africa. We are searching for adapted plants to fit particular ecosystems that will support populations of efficient ice-and-dew-nucleating bacteria. A self-perpetuating bio-cloud seeding system that increases precipitation is our goal.
The Expansion of the Russian Empire

The Soviet Union today occupies one-sixth of the earth’s land surface. It is the largest political entity, the most extensive contiguous empire on earth (more than twice the size of the USA). In 1989 it had a population of 287 million people embracing one hundred different ethnic groups, speaking eighty different languages, writing in five different alphabets, and although (unti11990) officially atheist, practicing Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and several versions of Christianity. While Russia is a wealthy country (it probably leads the world in mineral and fossil fuel resources and has an enormous industrial base and a skilled work force) it has many drawbacks. Much of its abundant land is uninhabitable (one third of it lies outside the temperate zone). Water transportation is limited. For much of the year the northern ports are frozen; the Siberian rivers flow northward into the Arctic Ocean; the warm water ports of the Black Sea are bottled up by the Bosphorus and the Turks. Miamily, Russia may still be considered a superpower; economically, the Soviet Union is at a considerable disadvantage.
Kind of borrowed, kind of blue

In late 2014, the jazz combo Mostly Other People Do the Killing released Blue—an album that is a note-for-note remake of Miles Davis's 1959 landmark album Kind of Blue. This is a thought experiment made concrete, raising metaphysical puzzles familiar from discussion of indiscernible counterparts. It is an actual album, rather than merely a concept, and so poses the aesthetic puzzle of why one would ever actually listen to it.
Psychometric Evidence of SRSS-IE Scores in Middle and High Schools:

We report results of an exploratory validation study of the Student Risk Screening Scale–Internalizing and Externalizing (SRSS-IE) applied with the first sample of middle and high school students f...
Ginseng on Cancer: Potential Role in Modulating Inflammation-Mediated Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis is a regulated process integral to many physiological and pathological situations, including carcinogenesis and tumor growth. The majority of the angiogenic processes are related to inflammation. The interplay is not only important in the case of pathogen entry but also influential in chronic inflammatory diseases, tumor growth and tissue regeneration. Modulating the interaction between inflammation and angiogenesis could be an important target for cancer treatment and wound healing alike. Ginseng has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and angiogenesis-modulating activities. This paper presents the recent research progresses on the inhibition of angiogenesis by ginseng and its active constituents, with a particular focus on processes mediated by inflammation. The modulatory role of ginseng compounds in inflammation-mediated angiogenesis involving hypoxia and microRNAs are also discussed. With the potential to modulate the angiogenesis at the transcriptional, translational and protein signaling level via various different mechanisms, ginseng could prove to be effective in cancer therapeutics.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 regulates photic signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates mammalian circadian rhythms at the behavioral, molecular and neurophysiological levels. In the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3 exhibits a rhythm across the 24h day. We have recently shown that GSK3 is capable of influencing both the molecular clock and SCN neuronal activity rhythms. However, it is not known whether GSK3 regulates the response to environmental cues such as light. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that GSK3 activation mediates light-induced SCN excitability and photic entrainment. Immunofluorescence staining in the SCN of mice showed that late-night light exposure significantly increased GSK3 activity (decreased pGSK3β levels) 30-60 minutes after the light-pulse. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 blocked the expected light-induced excitability in SCN neurons; however, this effect was not associated with changes in resting membrane potential or input resistance. Behaviorally, mice with constitutively active GSK3 (GSK3-KI) re-entrained to a 6-h phase advance in the light-dark cycle in significantly fewer days than WT control animals. Furthermore, the behavioral and SCN neuronal activity of GSK3-KI mice was phase-advanced compared to WT, in both normal and light-exposed conditions. Finally, GSK3-KI mice exhibited normal negative-masking behavior and electroretinographic responses to light, suggesting that the enhanced photic entrainment is not due to an overall increased sensitivity to light in these animals. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that GSK3 activation contributes to light-induced phase-resetting at both the neurophysiological and behavioral levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Measuring progress in tobacco prevention and control: the role of surveillance

Nearly six million people worldwide die from tobacco-attributable causes every year, making tobacco the leading cause of preventable disease and death. If current trends continue, tobacco use is expected to result in one billion deaths by the end of the century, most of these in low- and middle-income countries. Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use in most countries, and the majority of adult smokers try their first cigarette before the age of 18...
David Oliver: Taking carers for granted.

David Mowat, the health minister, raised a few eyebrows earlier this year when he said that people had the same duty to look after their ageing parents as they did to look after their children.1 Mowat, who was giving evidence to the communities and local government select committee, acknowledged the current problems in the care system and its future sustainability. He then added, “No one ever questions that we look after our children—that is obvious. No one says that is a caring responsibility, it is what we do. “Some of that logic and some of the way we think about that . . . will have to impinge on the …
Comparison of hospital length of stay in patients treated with non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants or parenteral agents plus warfarin for venous thromboembolism:

Objectives:Existing research comparing hospital length of stay for patients treated with non–vitamin K oral anticoagulants or parenteral bridging to warfarin has been conducted primarily with the a...
Validation of the hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index in non-myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

7046Background: The HCT-CI has been extensively studied in Myeloablative (MA) and reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens. However there is paucity of data about the validity of HCT-CI in NMA...
The Importance of Recorded Communication

LIMITED DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Paralleling the limited concept of teaching objectives in general, the development of innovative instructional materials has been equally limited. A body of research related to cognitive processes and learning has been developing, but the theoretical ideas that have stimulated this research have not been tested in the development of teaching materials. Although the development of new materials has grown as a response to some of the main problems of education today, research on the cognitive processes has been little considered for the contribution it can make toward the writing of effective materials. Innovative materials have been written for many fields of study including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, English, and some areas of social studies, but they are developed on the basis of dissatisfaction with present materials. A general theory for generating the materials does not exist.
Phospholipase D isoforms differentially regulate leukocyte responses to acute lung injury.

Phospholipase D (PLD) plays important roles in cellular responses to tissue injury that are critical to acute inflammatory diseases, such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We investigated the expression of PLD isoforms and related phospholipid phosphatases in patients with ARDS, and their roles in a murine model of self-limited acute lung injury (ALI). Gene expression microarray analysis on whole blood obtained from patients that met clinical criteria for ARDS and clinically matched controls (non-ARDS) demonstrated that PLD1 gene expression was increased in patients with ARDS relative to non-ARDS and correlated with survival. In contrast, PLD2 expression was associated with mortality. In a murine model of self-resolving ALI, lung Pld1 expression increased and Pld2 expression decreased 24 h after intrabronchial acid. Total lung PLD activity was increased 24 h after injury. Pld1-/- mice demonstrated impaired alveolar barrier function and increased tissue injury relative to WT and Pld2-/- , whereas Pld2-/- mice demonstrated increased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, and decreased tissue injury. Isoform-specific PLD inhibitors mirrored the results with isoform-specific Pld-KO mice. PLD1 gene expression knockdown in human leukocytes was associated with decreased phagocytosis by neutrophils, whereas reactive oxygen species production and phagocytosis decreased in M2-macrophages. PLD2 gene expression knockdown increased neutrophil and M2-macrophage transmigration, and increased M2-macrophage phagocytosis. These results uncovered selective regulation of PLD isoforms after ALI, and opposing effects of selective isoform knockdown on host responses and tissue injury. These findings support therapeutic strategies targeting specific PLD isoforms for the treatment of ARDS.
Interpolation of non-uniformly sampled handheld radar data for visualization and algorithm development

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is used in explosive hazard clearance. Handheld sensors are utilized by operators during search and localization sweeps. These two styles of ground interrogation follow a standard operating procedure (SOP) that attempts to maximize both ground coverage and rate of advance (ROA). As a result, the data collected is non-uniformly sampled, with areas of missing data. We analyze a number of data interpolation methods in order to develop discrimination algorithms and human visualizations. We analyze the performance of interpolative methods for sweep patterns in the parallel and perpendicular direction by using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). Overall, a nearest neighbors (2-NN) method performs best.
Utility of Game Instructions

Abstract : Due to the increasing usage of computer games for military training purposes, it is more important than ever to understand how computer games can be utilized in an effective and efficient manner. One important issue facing the military training community is that training time is at a premium and trainees need to be able to play the game within as short a time as possible so they can start using the game to train the skills of interest. This report describes an experiment that examined various game-related performance measures and concluded that the two different instructional techniques (i.e., computer-based tutorials and game tips) appeared to be effective in different ways, and players with access to both learned the game most effectively. To be more specific, computer-based tutorials appeared to be more beneficial for motor elements such as maneuvering and actions. On the other hand, those who had access to game tips performed better in cognitive segments of the game such as setting up game plans and familiarity with the game interface. These results can be incorporated in military training programs where computer games are part of the curriculum. Future military game development can also utilize these results to determine which type of instructional material to be included in the games.
Sustained High Power Performance

The high power output necessary for insect flight has resulted in the evolution of muscles with large and abundant myofibrils, the so called ‘myofibrillar’ muscles. In principle, this modification should come with a trade-off as the broader diameter of the myofibril would slow ATP/ADP flux and potentially constrain muscle speed (myosin ATPase). However asynchronous flight muscle exhibits no such trade-off as it simultaneously displays speed, power, and endurance. Insect flight muscle appears to lack the components for a phosphagen shuttle system that would provide temporal and spatial buffering of nucleotides. The reliance on a phosphagen shuttle is partly alleviated by the proximity of mitochondria to myofibrils. We present a model for how IFM meets its operational demands by minimizing nucleotide diffusion and facilitating the import and export of nucleotides to the myofibril.
The Role of Implicit Communication in Therapist Self-Disclosure

We may begin by distinguishing between two different levels of therapist self-disclosure in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. One is a surface or manifest level, and it refers to facts, personal data, conscious experiences of the therapist which he communicates in a variety of ways. The other is a deeper, less obvious kind of disclosure, and it concerns the communication of an individual’s moral and social values, ways of relating to others, mood and disposition, intellectual acuity, esthetic tastes, etc. This second set of data comprises the kinds of knowledge one has of a person by living or working on close proximity over a long period of time. Although I will turn to a discussion of the surface level of self-disclosure first, the reader may anticipate my view of the deeper disclosures. That is, that any psychoanalytically oriented treatment must eventually turn towards a consideration of the patient’s perceptions of the therapist’s deep level disclosures, and that to avoid doing so denies the importance of a major capacity of the patient and a major contribution to the therapist, reciprocal aspects of the therapeutic relationship.
Nature of motor control: not strictly "motor", not quite "control".

The five chapters directed at the Nature of Motor Control share much in common: they are concept oriented, each expressing respect for the level of abstraction needed to meet the scientific challenges of animal movement. That level of abstraction, as the reader will ideally discern, is at some remove from the ordinary meanings of the terms motor and control. For Beer and for Revzen, Koditscheck and Full, control resides in nervous system, body, and environment, viewed as dynamical systems in continuous interaction. Beer enters the complexity of the formulation expressed through Fig. 1 by means of genetic algorithms that permit the study of the evolution of model variants of Fig. 1. Thesemodel variants bring into view potential tradeoffs among nervous system, body, and environment. For Beer, dynamical systems theory is a toolbox for revealing the principles behind an evolved system’s behavioral achievements. With similar sentiments, Revzen et al. approach Fig. 1’s complexity through a kinematic strategy based in the observable changes in phase and frequency of component movements induced by select perturbations. Identifying the nature of the perturbations is a primary challenge for the strategy. For Revzen et al. they must follow from ecological (animalenvironment system) based considerations rather than engineering convenience. The strategy is designed to constrain experimental evaluations of four neuromechanical architectures that are candidate instantiations of the dynamics inherent in Fig. 1 for the canonical control problem of n-legged running. As is the case for Beer, the toolbox for Revzen et al. is dynamical systems theory. The control perspective detailed in West’s chapter is aimed at a principle that would tie together temporally overlapping faster and slower processes within the course of movement. A major lesson from the study of locomotion and posture is that the variability (of stride interval, of center of pressure) is fractal—meaning that it possesses long-time correlations with fluctuations at any one time scale exhibiting statistically similar behavior to the fluctuations
Excitations in Clusters

There are two points of view on cluster physics, which are implicit when one asks the questions:
The Persistence of the Power Elite: Presidential Cabinets and Corporate Interlocks, 1968–2018:

In his seminal text, The Power Elite, C. Wright Mills initially drew critical attention to U.S. state power, asserting that economic, political, and military elites flow through a revolving door, c...
Control of International Operations

No organization can accomplish its goals without proper control. The imperative of organizational control is heightened when firms cross national borders and expand into unfamiliar foreign markets. This chapter is all about how international operations and foreign subsidiaries are controlled. We first look at various control mechanisms and discuss, in detail, three approaches to control. The cultural aspects of MNC control, which is effective in dealing with the uncertainty and complexity of the international market, are elaborated. Finally, within the context of the historical evolution of the international environment, the corresponding MNC coordination and control mechanisms are summarized. There are differences between the control of an MNC and that of a domestic firm. These differences are due to the complexity of and uncertainties surrounding the MNC environment, with a resulting potential for difficulty. The relationship with the host government creates additional problems. Following a discussion of control problems of the MNCs, the influence of host government actions on MNC control is analyzed.
Programmable Construction of Peptide-Based Materials in Living Subjects: From Modular Design and Morphological Control to Theranostics

Self-assembled nanomaterials show potential high efficiency as theranostics for high-performance bioimaging and disease treatment. However, the superstructures of pre-assembled nanomaterials may change in the complicated physiological conditions, resulting in compromised properties and/or biofunctions. Taking advantage of chemical self-assembly and biomedicine, a new strategy of "in vivo self-assembly" is proposed to in situ construct functional nanomaterials in living subjects to explore new biological effects. Herein, recent advances on peptide-based nanomaterials constructed by the in vivo self-assembly strategy are summarized. Modular peptide building blocks with various functions, such as targeting, self-assembly, tailoring, and biofunctional motifs, are employed for the construction of nanomaterials. Then, self-assembly of these building blocks in living systems to construct various morphologies of nanostructures and corresponding unique biological effects, such as assembly/aggregation-induced retention (AIR), are introduced, followed by their applications in high-performance drug delivery and bioimaging. Finally, an outlook and perspective toward future developments of in vivo self-assembled peptide-based nanomaterials for translational medicine are concluded.
All-Optical Tuning of Fano Resonances in Broken Symmetry GaAs Metasurfaces

We demonstrate ultrafast tuning of Fano resonances in a broken symmetry III-V metasurface using optical pumping. The resonance is spectrally shifted by 10 nm under low pump fluences of < 100 uJ.cm−2. © 2019 The Author(s)
BCL: A Cross-Platform Distributed Data Structures Library

One-sided communication is a useful paradigm for irregular parallel applications, but most one-sided programming environments, including MPI's one-sided interface and PGAS programming languages, lack application-level libraries to support these applications. We present the Berkeley Container Library, a set of generic, cross-platform, high-performance data structures for irregular applications, including queues, hash tables, Bloom filters and more. BCL is written in C++ using an internal DSL called the BCL Core that provides one-sided communication primitives such as remote get and remote put operations. The BCL Core has backends for MPI, OpenSHMEM, GASNet-EX, and UPC++, allowing BCL data structures to be used natively in programs written using any of these programming environments. Along with our internal DSL, we present the BCL ObjectContainer abstraction, which allows BCL data structures to transparently serialize complex data types while maintaining efficiency for primitive types. We also introduce the set of BCL data structures and evaluate their performance across a number of high-performance computing systems, demonstrating that BCL programs are competitive with hand-optimized code, even while hiding many of the underlying details of message aggregation, serialization, and synchronization.
Localized Ridge Augmentation Using Guided Bone Regeneration

Dental implants have become a universally recognized treatment method for the replacement of missing teeth [1–7]. For the long-term success of dental implants, it is essential that adequate bone quality and quantity must be present at the planned placement sites. Careful presurgical clinical and radiographic evaluation is required to obtain the information needed regarding the bone quality and quantity as well as the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Should the results of this careful analysis reveal that the buccal-lingual width and height of the alveolar ridge is inadequate at the planned dental implant locations, reconstructive surgical procedures are indicated. Reconstruction of the alveolar ridge can be achieved through guided bone regeneration using barrier membranes [8–13], which is a bone augmentation technique that was initially developed by Melcher for periodontal regenerative procedures [12]. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is preferable to describe the regeneration of bone defects using barrier membranes.
Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: Predicting response and optimizing treatment

Abstract Depression has been increasingly recognized as a systems-level disorder; thus, treatments that target critical brain regions in order to influence the function of brain circuits are an important area of study. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a therapeutic modality initially used in movement disorders, was first applied to treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in 2005. Multiple groups around the world have treated several hundred TRD patients with DBS on an investigational basis. There is no current single accepted protocol for DBS in TRD; variation is possible both in anatomic site and stimulation parameters. The purpose of this article is to discuss the current state of knowledge for DBS in TRD as it relates to patient selection, anatomic target selection and optimization, and stimulation parameters.
The MOSDEF–LRIS Survey: the interplay between massive stars and ionized gas in high-redshift star-forming galaxies

We present a joint analysis of rest-UV and rest-optical spectra obtained using Keck/LRIS and Keck/MOSFIRE for a sample of 62 star-forming galaxies at $z\sim2.3$. We divide our sample into 2 bins based on their location in the [OIII]/Hb vs. [NII]/Ha BPT diagram, and perform the first differential study of the rest-UV properties of massive ionizing stars as a function of rest-optical emission-line ratios. Fitting BPASS stellar population synthesis models, including nebular continuum emission, to our rest-UV spectra, we find that high-redshift galaxies offset towards higher [OIII]/Hb and [NII]/Ha have younger ages (log(Age/yr)=$7.20^{+0.57}_{-0.20}$) and lower stellar metallicities ($Z_*=0.0010^{+0.0011}_{-0.0003}$) resulting in a harder ionizing spectrum, compared to the galaxies in our sample that lie on the local BPT star-forming sequence (log(Age/yr)=$8.57^{+0.88}_{-0.84}$, $Z_*=0.0019\pm0.0006$). Additionally, we find that the offset galaxies have an ionization parameter of log(U)=$-3.04^{+0.06}_{-0.11}$ and nebular metallicity of 12+log(O/H)=$8.40^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$, and the non-offset galaxies have log(U)=$-3.11\pm0.08$ and 12+log(O/H)=$8.30^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$. The stellar and nebular metallicities derived for our sample imply that the galaxies offset from the local BPT relation are more alpha-enhanced ($7.28^{+2.52}_{-2.82}$ O/Fe$_\odot$) compared to those consistent with the local sequence ($3.04^{+0.95}_{-0.54}$ O/Fe$_\odot$). However, even galaxies that are entirely consistent with the local nebular excitation sequence appear to be alpha-enhanced -- in contrast with typical local systems. Such differences must be considered when estimating gas-phase O/H at high redshift based on strong emission-line ratios. Specifically, a similarity in the location of high-redshift and local galaxies in the BPT diagram may not be indicative of a similarity in their physical properties.
“Came for the horses, stayed for the men”: A mixed methods analysis of staff, community, and reentrant perceptions of a prison-equine program (PEP)

Prison-equine programs (PEPs) appear to play a role in rehabilitating incarcerated persons (IPs) by teaching equine and farrier skills, as well as promoting therapeutic effects through the human-an...
Effects of Klotho supplementation on hyperoxia-induced renal injury in a rodent model of postnatal nephrogenesis

Hyperoxia (HO) causes kidney injury in preterm infants; however, whether these effects are modifiable is unknown. We hypothesized that administration of exogenous soluble Klotho, a kidney-derived antioxidant, would attenuate HO-induced kidney injury during postnatal nephrogenesis in rats. Sprague Dawley neonatal rats assigned to normoxia (21% O2) or HO (85% O2) groups from postnatal day (P) 1 to 21 were randomly assigned to receive alternate day intraperitoneal injections of recombinant Klotho or placebo for 3 weeks. They were recovered in normoxia for an additional 3 weeks and sacrificed at 6 weeks. Renal artery resistance and pulsatility indices, tubular injury scores, glomerular area, and renal antioxidant capacity were assessed. Rodents exposed to HO during postnatal nephrogenesis had reduced kidney Klotho expression, glomerulomegaly, and higher tubular injury scores. Exogenous Klotho administration improved renal perfusion as indicated by decreases in both resistance and pulsatility indices and increased antioxidant enzyme expression. HO exposure during postnatal nephrogenesis in rodents results in a decline in kidney Klotho expression, decreased renal perfusion, enlarged glomerular size, and tubular injury. The exogenous administration of Klotho attenuated HO-induced kidney injury and augmented antioxidant capacity.