cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling when connections are the problem

Most AI diagnostic reasoning approaches model components and but not their interconnections, and when they do model interconnections, they model the possibility that a connection can break, not that two connections may join (e.g., through fluid leakage or electrical short circuit). Two reasons for this limitation are (1) that modeling these interconnection failures could require an exponential number (in the number of interconnections) failure possibilities, and (2) that modeling interconnection failures requires modeling the system at a more precise level which requires far more complex models. A fundamental contribution of this paper is a more powerful approach to modeling connections which does not require special-case post-processing and is computationally tractable. We illustrate our approach in the context of digital systems.
Field-induced magnetic transitions in the quasi-two-dimensional heavy-fermion antiferromagnets Ce n RhIn 3n+2 (n=1 or 2)

We have measured the field-dependent heat capacity in the tetragonal antiferromagnets CeRhIn{sub 5} and Ce{sub 2}RhIn{sub 8}, both of which have an enhanced value of the electronic specific heat coefficient {gamma}{approx}400 mJ/mol Ce K{sup 2} above T{sub N}. For T<T{sub N}, the specific heat data at zero applied magnetic field are consistent with the existence of an anisotropic spin-density wave opening a gap in the Fermi surface for CeRhIn{sub 5}, while Ce{sub 2}RhIn{sub 8} shows behavior consistent with a simple antiferromagnetic magnon. From these results, the magnetic structure, in a manner similar to the crystal structure, appears more two dimensional in CeRhIn{sub 5} than in Ce{sub 2}RhIn{sub 8} where only about 12% of the Fermi surface remains ungapped relative to 92% for Ce{sub 2}RhIn{sub 8}. When B||c, both compounds behave in a manner expected for heavy-fermion systems as both T{sub N} and the electronic heat capacity decrease as field is applied. When the field is applied in the tetragonal basal plane (B||a), CeRhIn{sub 5} and Ce{sub 2}RhIn{sub 8} have very similar phase diagrams which contain both first- and second-order field-induced magnetic transitions.
Closed-loop load balancing: comparison of a discrete event simulation with experiments

Load balancing for parallel computations is modeled as a deterministic dynamic nonlinear time-delay system. This model accounts for the trade-off between using processor time/network bandwidth and the advantage of distributing the load evenly between the nodes to reduce overall processing time. A distributed closed-loop controller is presented to balance load dynamically at each node by using not only the local estimate of the queue size of other nodes, but also estimates of the number of tasks in transit. A discrete event simulation using OPNET Modeler is presented and compared with experimental data, and results indicate good agreement between the nonlinear time-delay model and the behaviors observed on a parallel computer network. Moreover, both simulations and experiments show a dramatic increase in performance obtained using the proposed closed-loop controller.
The Constitution and Administrative Ethics in America

This essay explores the contributions of founding thought to current issues regarding administrative ethics. It is argued that the founders understood public administration to be a political enterp...
A cis‐dominant cyclic nucleotide‐dependent regulatory domain in the 3′‐untranslated region of Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) mRNA

A 122 nt uridine-rich sequence (URE) in the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) mRNA 3′-untranslated region is critical for cAMP-dependent message stabilization. Its function was investigated in LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing β-globin reporter transcripts. Insertion of the SGLT1 URE downstream from an unrelated destabilizing sequence, the c-fos ARE, evoked cAMP-dependent message stabilization. Stabilization was blocked by a substitution mutation within the SLGT1 URE. These observations indicate that the SGLT1 URE is sufficient to transmit cAMP-dependent, cis-dominant mRNA stabilization in the presence of appropriate trans-acting factors and appears to function independently of the nature of the destabilizing domain.
Scale construction for graphing: An investigation of students' resources

Graphing is a fundamental part of the scientific process. Scales are key but little-studied components of graphs. Adopting a resources-based framework of cognitive structure, we identify the potential intuitive resources that six undergraduates of diverse majors and years at a public US research university activated when constructing scales, and identify classes of resources that share similar characteristics. The students constructed scales for data sets that range over 10 or more orders of magnitude, and were interviewed in depth about their scales. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. We identified four classes of resources: (1) “prior drawing experience” resources that include show all elements and what you see is what you get; (2) “wide range” resources that are used to make sense of a data set with widely varying values, such as zoom in, ratio, and conversion; (3) “prior graphing experience” resources that draw from previous work with graphing, including powers-of-ten scales and linear scales; and (4) “fundamental knowledge” resources, such as halving. These resources, while identified among undergraduates, may indicate promising educational approaches to graphing in middle and high school. Secondary school science curricula and instruction that acknowledge and build on student resources will likely result in deeper understanding of conventional scales and graphs among students at this age and thus allow for more effective instruction at the undergraduate level. Instructional activities that might activate and build upon the resources identified are presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 52: 633–658, 2015.
The impact of mesenteric tension on pouch outcome and quality of life in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy

Aim The study aimed to establish a method for the measurement of mesenteric tension after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) and to evaluate the impact of tension on clinical outcome and quality of life. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing an open IPAA from July 2008 to October 2009 were prospectively enrolled. After the creation of the anastomosis, mesenteric tension was estimated by the surgeon in the operating room on a 10-point scale (1, least tension; 10, most tension). The association was analysed between mesenteric tension defined as low (1–2), medium (3–7) and high (8–10) and postoperative complications and quality of life (Cleveland Clinic Global Scale). Results A mesenteric tension score was obtained in 134 patients (71 men, 53.0%). Median age was 38.5 (29.3–47.0) years. Fifty-six patients (41.8%) had a low, 59 (44.0%) a medium and 19 (14.2%) a high degree of mesenteric tension. Patients with a high mesenteric tension had a shorter anal transitional zone, a longer distance from the upper border of the symphysis pubis to the apex of the small bowel loop designated for the ileoanal anastomosis, a thinner abdominal wall at the stoma site and a longer distance from the pouch to the ileostomy. The proportion of patients with high mesenteric tension was less after stapled anastomosis. On long-term follow-up, patients with high mesenteric tension were more likely to suffer from anastomotic stricture and pouch failure. Pouch function was not influenced by mesenteric tension. Conclusion High mesenteric tension after IPAA is adversely associated with postoperative complications and pouch survival.
Combinatorial sketching for finite programs

Sketching is a software synthesis approach where the programmer develops a partial implementation - a sketch - and a separate specification of the desired functionality. The synthesizer then completes the sketch to behave like the specification. The correctness of the synthesized implementation is guaranteed by the compiler, which allows, among other benefits, rapid development of highly tuned implementations without the fear of introducing bugs.We develop SKETCH, a language for finite programs with linguistic support for sketching. Finite programs include many highperformance kernels, including cryptocodes. In contrast to prior synthesizers, which had to be equipped with domain-specific rules, SKETCH completes sketches by means of a combinatorial search based on generalized boolean satisfiability. Consequently, our combinatorial synthesizer is complete for the class of finite programs: it is guaranteed to complete any sketch in theory, and in practice has scaled to realistic programming problems.Freed from domain rules, we can now write sketches as simpleto-understand partial programs, which are regular programs in which difficult code fragments are replaced with holes to be filled by the synthesizer. Holes may stand for index expressions, lookup tables, or bitmasks, but the programmer can easily define new kinds of holes using a single versatile synthesis operator.We have used SKETCH to synthesize an efficient implementation of the AES cipher standard. The synthesizer produces the most complex part of the implementation and runs in about an hour.
Arthroscopic Treatment for Multidirectional Instability

Multidirectional instability (MDI) was first described by Neer and Foster in 1980. Although there has been much confusion over the years with a blending of classifications, the inherent concept of symptomatic inferior instability with associated anterior and posterior instability remains the hallmark of the MDI shoulder. The MDI shoulder may be thought of as one of compensation, where the balance of the scapula and rotator cuff maintain the humeral head in the glenoid. Symptoms are seen when this balance is lost. The anatomical characteristic of the MDI shoulder is increased capsular volume with widening of the critical rotator interval structures (superior glenohumeral ligament and coracohumeral ligament) along with dysfunction of the entire inferior glenohumeral ligament complex. Management centers on nonoperative treatment, with pain control and scapular rebalancing exercises being the key to successful nonoperative management. Surgery is only indicated by a failure of nonoperative treatment and is focused on closing the rotator interval and decreasing capsular volume by shifting both the anterior and posterior capsule superiorly.
60-GHz direct-conversion gigabit modulator/demodulator on liquid-crystal polymer

In this paper, we demonstrate the first implementation of the integrated system-on-package (SOP) 60-GHz gigabit modulator and demodulator on liquid-crystal polymer (LCP). LCP provides an organic low-cost low dielectric-constant platform suitable for millimeter-wave passive design and packaging. Firstly, we demonstrate a 60-GHz planar bandpass filter and RF/baseband duplexer as the building blocks of the integrated module. Measurement results show /spl sim/3-dB insertion loss in the bandpass filter, as well as the RF path of the duplexer, and a higher than 30-dB isolation between the baseband and RF outputs. We utilize those building blocks in the design and implemented a hybrid 60-GHz antiparallel diode-pair-based 4/spl times/ sub-harmonic mixer suitable for direct up or down conversion. Measurement results indicate a better than 17-dB insertion loss with 1.25-GHz baseband bandwidth for the 4/spl times/ mixer. Input 1-dB compression point of -2 dBm has been measured. Two subharmonic mixers are integrated back-to-back to perform the simultaneous binary phase-shift keying modulation and demodulation of the pseudorandom binary sequences. Eye diagrams show a better than 13-dB SNR for a data rate up to 1.5 Gb/s. 40-GHz versions of the 4/spl times/ subharmonic mixer and the back-to-back chain have also been implemented. Hence, we present the first integrated millimeter-wave gigabit SOP modulator and demodulator on LCP.
Bharata Natyam: A Hindu Fractal

Theterm, fractal, coined by Benoit B. Mandelbrot, describes a shape or pattern within a greater pattern of which it is a scaling piece identical to the greater pattern and in which are reproduced an infinite number of parts or fragments which are also identical to it, thus, identical to the whole at all scales. In this paper, the author describes Hindu cosmology as it is replicated in the elements of the Bharata Natyam, drawing the analogy to fractal patterning.
Attack-Tolerant Time-Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Achieving secure time-synchronization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a challenging, but very important problem that has not yet been addressed effectively. This paper proposes an attack-tolerant time-synchronization protocol (ATSP) in which sensor nodes cooperate to safeguard the time- synchronization service against malicious attacks. ATSP exploits the high temporal correlation existing among adjacent nodes in a WSN to achieve (1) adaptive management of the profile of each sensor's normal behavior, (2) distributed, cooperative detection of falsified clock values advertised by attackers or compromised nodes, and (3) significant improvement of synchronization accuracy and stability by effectively compensating the clock drifts with the calibrated clock. To reduce the risk of losing time-synchronization due to attacks on the reference node, ATSP utilizes distributed, mutual synchronization and confines the impact of attacks to a local area (where attacks took place). Furthermore, by maintaining an accurate profile of sensors' normal synchronization behaviors, ATSP detects various critical attacks while incurring only reasonable communication and computation overheads, making ATSP attack-tolerant and ideal for resource-constrained WSNs.
Synergy of Putative Binding Modes in the Factor H (CCP 19-20) and C3d Complex

Within innate immunity, the complement system surveils biological milieu and acts as a first line of defense against invading pathogens. Of the three pathways that comprise the complement system, the alternative pathway (AP) is critical for propagation of an immune response. The AP attacks foreign and native surfaces alike through feed-forward amplification, attaching complement C3b (C3b) to surfaces where a response will be generated. For this reason, regulation is required to prevent a state of autoimmunity. Complement factor H (FH) fulfills this role, inhibiting the AP on surfaces of self while allowing complement response on surfaces of non-self. FH comprises 20 complement-control protein (CCP) modules that vary in function while maintaining structural homology. Of these modules, CCP 19-20 are responsible for recognition and binding of complement C3d, a subdomain of C3b where surface binding occurs. While there exists two crystallographic structures of FH CCP 19-20 in complex with C3d, the mechanism of interaction has been controversial. Herein we approach computational characterization of interactions between FH CCP 19-20 and C3d using biophysical principles. Namely, we assess each binding mode in terms of electrostatic character, structural stability, dissociative properties, associative properties, and predicted free energy of binding. Through these investigations, we found two of the three binding modes to be similarly stable though each mode is stabilized through distinct physicochemical mechanisms. These modes of binding are likely physiologically relevant, and we propose thermodynamically stable binding with modules 19 and 20, the latter module driven by electrostatics, acting in a synergistic manner to increase the apparent affinity of FH for native surfaces.
Modification by early experience of the tendency toward gregariousness in rats

After they were weaned, albino rats were housed individually (Group 1), in pairs (Group 2), and in groups of five (Group 3). After 18 weeks of housing under these circumstances, the tendency toward gregariousness, defined as a function of the number of approaches to the other rat of the same species, was tested. Group 3 showed the strongest tendency toward gregariousness, Group 2 a weaker tendency, and Group 1 the weakest.
LEGIONELLA AND THE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGIST

Legionella species are important etiologic agents of sporadic and epidemic community-acquired and nosocomial respiratory disease. The list of species continues to expand, and tools for classification and characterization of isolates have become increasingly sophisticated. These organisms are associated with aquatic habitats and are transmitted by aerosol or direct contact. Bacterial culture is the cornerstone of laboratory diagnosis. Careful surveillance of infections is important, because infections potentially can be prevented.
Using “Distributed Cognition” to Redesign a Collective Bargaining Course

This paper describes how a traditional “collective bargaining” course was transformed into a “negotiations” course that retained a significant collective bargaining component. As the course was changed, faculty members scrutinized the traditional „mock labor-management Collective Bargaining‟ negotiation exercise. By using a “distributed cognition” approach to managerial cognition as a set of organizing principles, the negotiation exercise was changed in several ways. The changes made the exercise more realistic, helped the negotiators prepare more effectively, and illustrated distributed cognition concepts. Evaluation data suggests that these changes have resulted in a more meaningful activity within the larger course.
"Schedule Change Really Disrupts a Lot of Things!": Never-Ending Physician Scheduling in a Multi-function Multi-setting Practice

We conducted a field study in a nephrology practice that performs multiple functions in a variety of distributed settings. The task of physician scheduling was done manually on paper by a single scheduler. Our study revealed challenges persistently encountered while using a plethora of fragmented, transient paper artifacts. Any changes made to existing schedules often impact other physicians' schedules, clinical functions, patients, and the practice operation. Finally, we highlight several issues for consideration in the design of a digital scheduling module for meeting the specific needs of distributed multi-function, multi-setting medical practices. These issues include increasing the level of transparency in the scheduling process, providing light-weight customization of schedules, and actively engaging patients in their health care and management.
Development of a Scalable Method for Creating Food Groups Using the NHANES Dataset and MapReduce

In this paper we tackle the need for meaningful food group classifications in dietary datasets such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NAHNES) that are less subjective in nature by defining a new objective method of identifying food groups exclusively based on the food's micro- and macro-nutrient content. We first perform extensive preprocessing of the NHANES raw data to mitigate impacts of missing nutrient values, redundancies, and different food intake quantities and scales. We then utilize an unsupervised learning clustering algorithm to create food groups within the preprocessed NHANES data and identify food groups with similar nutrient content. Finally we parallelize our method to benefit from the scalable MapReduce paradigm. Our results show that our method identifies food groups with smaller diameter and larger cluster separation distances than the standard, expert-informed, method of grouping food items.
Must We Say Anything of an “Immanent” Trinity?: Schleiermacher and Rowan Williams on an “Abstruse” and “Fruitless” Doctrine:

This essay engages two figures often left on the periphery of conversations about Trinitarian doctrine: Friedrich Schleiermacher and Rowan Williams. I engage Schleiermacher's rationale behind embra...
Systematic Review of Instructional Methods to Teach Employment Skills to Secondary Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Effective vocational instruction is an essential aspect of preparing students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) for the world of work. We systematically reviewed research on in...
Adaptively tuned particle swarm optimization with application to spatial design

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms are a class of heuristic optimization algorithms that are attractive for complex optimization problems. We propose using PSO to solve spatial design problems, e.g. choosing new locations to add to an existing monitoring network. Additionally, we introduce two new classes of PSO algorithms that perform well in a wide variety of circumstances, called adaptively tuned PSO and adaptively tuned bare bones PSO. To illustrate these algorithms, we apply them to a common spatial design problem: choosing new locations to add to an existing monitoring network. Specifically, we consider a network in the Houston, TX, area for monitoring ambient ozone levels, which have been linked to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest rates. Published 2017. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA
The Financial Challenge

DEFENSIVE STRATEGY IS FUNDAMENTALLY A financial challenge. You know your competitor is trying to achieve some financial goal. Your challenge is to do everything in your power to ensure that this doesn’t happen.
Impact of pioglitazone on bone mineral density and bone marrow fat content

Pioglitazone use is associated with an increased risk of fractures. In this randomized, placebo-controlled study, pioglitazone use for 12 months was associated with a significant increase in bone marrow fat content at the femoral neck, accompanied by a significant decrease in total hip bone mineral density. The change in bone marrow fat with pioglitazone use was predominantly observed in female vs. male participants. Use of the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone is associated with greater fracture incidence, although the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of pioglitazone treatment on femoral neck bone marrow (BM) fat content and on bone mineral density (BMD), and to establish if any correlation exists between the changes in these parameters. In this double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 42 obese volunteers with metabolic syndrome were randomized to pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or matching placebo for 1 year. The following measurements were conducted at baseline and during the treatment: liver, pancreas, and femoral neck BM fat content (by magnetic resonance spectroscopy), BMD by DXA, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat, and beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Results were available for 37 subjects who completed the baseline and 1-year evaluations. At 12 months, BM fat increased with pioglitazone (absolute change, +4.1%, p = 0.03), whereas BM fat content in the placebo group decreased non-significantly (−3.1%, p = 0.08) (p = 0.007 for the pioglitazone–placebo response difference). Total hip BMD declined in the pioglitazone group (−1.4%) and increased by 0.8% in the placebo group (p = 0.03 between groups). The change in total hip BMD was inversely and significantly correlated with the change in BM fat content (Spearman rho = −0.56, p = 0.01) in the pioglitazone group, but not within the placebo group (rho = −0.29, p = 0.24). Changes in BM fat with pioglitazone were predominantly observed in female vs. male subjects. Pioglitazone use for 12 months compared with placebo is associated with significant increase in BM fat content at the femoral neck, accompanied by a small but significant decrease in total hip BMD.
Ligand-and solvent-dependent electronic relaxation dynamics of Au25(SR)18 - Monolayer-protected clusters

Electronic relaxation dynamics of Au25(PET)18–1 and Au25(PET*)18–1 monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) were examined using femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (fsTA). The use of two different excitation wavelengths (400 and 800 nm) allowed for quantification of state-resolved and ligand-dependent carrier dynamics for gold MPCs. Specifically, one-photon 400 nm (3.1 eV) and two-photon 800 nm (1.55 eV) interband excitations promoted electrons from the MPC ligand band into gold superatom d states. Following rapid internal conversion, carriers generated by interband excitation exhibited picosecond relaxation dynamics that depended upon both ligand structure and the dielectric of the dispersing medium. These solvent- and ligand-dependent effects were attributed to charge-transfer processes mediated by the manifold of ligand-based states. In contrast, one-photon intraband (gold sp–sp) excitation by 800 nm light resulted in solvent- and ligand-independent relaxation dynamics. The observed ...
Screening and Genomic Characterization of Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis.

ABSTRACT Despite high vaccine coverage, pertussis cases in the United States have increased over the last decade. Growing evidence suggests that disease resurgence results, in part, from genetic divergence of circulating strain populations away from vaccine references. The United States employs acellular vaccines exclusively, and current Bordetella pertussis isolates are predominantly deficient in at least one immunogen, pertactin (Prn). First detected in the United States retrospectively in a 1994 isolate, the rapid spread of Prn deficiency is likely vaccine driven, raising concerns about whether other acellular vaccine immunogens experience similar pressures, as further antigenic changes could potentially threaten vaccine efficacy. We developed an electrochemiluminescent antibody capture assay to monitor the production of the acellular vaccine immunogen filamentous hemagglutinin (Fha). Screening 722 U.S. surveillance isolates collected from 2010 to 2016 identified two that were both Prn and Fha deficient. Three additional Fha-deficient laboratory strains were also identified from a historic collection of 65 isolates dating back to 1935. Whole-genome sequencing of deficient isolates revealed putative, underlying genetic changes. Only four isolates harbored mutations to known genes involved in Fha production, highlighting the complexity of its regulation. The chromosomes of two Fha-deficient isolates included unexpected structural variation that did not appear to influence Fha production. Furthermore, insertion sequence disruption of fhaB was also detected in a previously identified pertussis toxin-deficient isolate that still produced normal levels of Fha. These results demonstrate the genetic potential for additional vaccine immunogen deficiency and underscore the importance of continued surveillance of circulating B. pertussis evolution in response to vaccine pressure.
Columellar reconstruction in children

Defects of the nasal complex can cause significant functional and psychosocial impairment. Nasal reconstruction aims to restore the normal trilaminar structure of the nose, which includes the internal lining, cartilaginous framework, and soft tissue envelope. Among the nasal subunits, the columella is especially challenging to reconstruct due to its unique contour and composite nature. Multiple techniques have been described, each carrying distinct advantages and disadvantages; however, the optimal procedure for an isolated defect of the columella remains elusive. The ideal reconstructive technique should recreate the contour of the columella, provide nasal tip projection, and maintain external valve patency. Additional considerations include matching the pigmentation and texture of the nasal skin while minimizing donor site morbidity. The authors recommend a 2-stage reconstruction with bilateral nasal sill flaps and an auricular composite graft.
Eddy flux measurements of sulfur dioxide deposition to the sea surface

Abstract. Deposition to the sea surface is a major atmospheric loss pathway for many important trace gases, such as sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ). The air–sea transfer of SO2 is controlled entirely on the atmospheric side of the air–sea interface due to high effective solubility and other physical–chemical properties. There have been few direct field measurements of such fluxes due to the challenges associated with making fast-response measurements of highly soluble trace gases at very low ambient levels. In this study, we report direct eddy covariance air–sea flux measurements of SO2 , sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum. The measurements were made over shallow coastal waters from the Scripps Pier, La Jolla, CA, using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry as the SO2 sensor. The observed transfer velocities for SO2 , sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum and their wind speed dependences indicate that SO2 fluxes can be reliably measured using this approach. As expected, the transfer velocities for SO2 , sensible heat, and water vapor are lower than that for momentum, demonstrating the contribution of molecular diffusion to the overall air-side resistance to gas transfer. Furthermore, transfer velocities of SO2 were lower than those of sensible heat and water vapor when observed simultaneously. This result is attributed to diffusive resistance in the interfacial layer of the air–sea interface.
Language behavior in schizophrenia

One of the major difficulties confronting any attempt to analyze the behavioral phenomena that characterize schizophrenia is the problem of dealing with such a broad range of complex behaviors as though they were similar. We must begin by recognizing that the term schizophrenia refers to a group of disorders with common features but a wide range of behavioral differences rather than to a single disease entity with a well-defined series of symptoms. There is even some justification for questioning whether the numerous and varied manifestations currently labeled schizophrenia in the aggregate should not be considered distinct syndromes.
Methods for Determining the Value of Model Development in Cost/Benefit/Risk Analysis

Typically when an analysis of some combination of costs, benefits, and inherent risks of a set of alternatives is to be assessed, it is often decided that some effort in model development and associated data collection should be undertaken. Often the decision is made to go ahead with a sizeable modeling and data collection effort. In this paper I discuss the issues which affect that decision to use models in cost/benefit/risk analysis and discuss these issues with respect to on-going model development activity concerned with providing decision support for toxic waste decontamination/containment planning.
Gendered Landscapes in Historic Deerfield

Cultural landscapes are dynamic social spaces. In this chapter, I define cultural landscapes and provide comparative examples of landscape studies. Since individual homelots are the foci of this study, domestic spaces and residential architecture are a particular emphasis. I theoretically contextualize the macrolevel analyses of the villagescape.
Vaccination Against Varicella and Zoster: Its Development and Progress

At one time in history, it seems, rash diseases tended to be lumped together under the term “pox” and these illnesses must have been very common. Syphilis was known as the “great pox” and smallpox was considered yet another “pox” illness. The well known quotation from Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet, is usually given as “A pox on both your houses.” In fact however, “A plague on both your houses” is what Shakespeare actually wrote; plague killed 25% of the European population between 1347 and 1348. “Pox” diseases included plague perhaps, as well as smallpox, syphilis, measles, rubella, chickenpox, and more. Eventually, scientific advances would considerably delineate the diversity of the myriad of pathogens that cause human infections manifested by fever and rash.
Electronic Health Record Interactions through Voice: A Review

Background Usability problems in the electronic health record (EHR) lead to workflow inefficiencies when navigating charts and entering or retrieving data using standard keyboard and mouse interfaces. Voice input technology has been used to overcome some of the challenges associated with conventional interfaces and continues to evolve as a promising way to interact with the EHR. Objective This article reviews the literature and evidence on voice input technology used to facilitate work in the EHR. It also reviews the benefits and challenges of implementation and use of voice technologies, and discusses emerging opportunities with voice assistant technology. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify articles that discuss the use of voice technology to facilitate health care work. We searched MEDLINE and the Google search engine to identify relevant articles. We evaluated articles that discussed the strengths and limitations of voice technology to facilitate health care work. Consumer articles from leading technology publications addressing emerging use of voice assistants were reviewed to ascertain functionalities in existing consumer applications. Results Using a MEDLINE search, we identified 683 articles that were reviewed for inclusion eligibility. The references of included articles were also reviewed. Sixty-one papers that discussed the use of voice tools in health care were included, of which 32 detailed the use of voice technologies in production environments. Articles were organized into three domains: Voice for (1) documentation, (2) commands, and (3) interactive response and navigation for patients. Of 31 articles that discussed usability attributes of consumer voice assistant technology, 12 were included in the review. Conclusion We highlight the successes and challenges of voice input technologies in health care and discuss opportunities to incorporate emerging voice assistant technologies used in the consumer domain.
National trends in intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) use for rectal cancer.

648Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation represents the current standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer prior to surgical resection. Traditionally, 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D C...
Pitch accent and the three-way laryngeal contrast in North Kyungsang Korean

Previous description of Korean’s three-way voiceless stop contrast notes differentiation in both voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (f0) on following vowels (Cho et al., 2002; Kang and Han, 2013; Kang, 2014). In a sound-change in-progress, however, VOT for lenis and aspirated stops has merged. The two are now differentiated primarily through f0 differences (Kang and Guion, 2008; Lee et al., 2013; Silva, 2006). North and South Kyungsang (NK and SK) are pitch accent dialects. SK has not undergone the change (Lee and Jongman, 2012): VOT is still a primary cue, potentially because f0 is already used for the pitch accent system (Lee et al., 2013). In NK, meanwhile, VOT for lenis and aspirated stops overlaps more for female than for male speakers, suggesting a possible change-in-progress (Holliday and Kong, 2011). As questions about the robustness of this change remain, we report data from 23 native NK speakers (6 older and 6 younger males; 5 older and 6 younger females). VOT and f0 findings suggest that the new pattern is incipient in NK: Older male talkers show the old pattern, younger female talkers the new pattern, and older female and younger male talkers fall between the two extremes.Previous description of Korean’s three-way voiceless stop contrast notes differentiation in both voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (f0) on following vowels (Cho et al., 2002; Kang and Han, 2013; Kang, 2014). In a sound-change in-progress, however, VOT for lenis and aspirated stops has merged. The two are now differentiated primarily through f0 differences (Kang and Guion, 2008; Lee et al., 2013; Silva, 2006). North and South Kyungsang (NK and SK) are pitch accent dialects. SK has not undergone the change (Lee and Jongman, 2012): VOT is still a primary cue, potentially because f0 is already used for the pitch accent system (Lee et al., 2013). In NK, meanwhile, VOT for lenis and aspirated stops overlaps more for female than for male speakers, suggesting a possible change-in-progress (Holliday and Kong, 2011). As questions about the robustness of this change remain, we report data from 23 native NK speakers (6 older and 6 younger males; 5 older and 6 younger females). VOT and f0 findings sugge...
Laughing at the Other: Toward an Understanding of the Alt-Right with Adorno

The core aim of this essay is to arrive at an understanding of the growing appeal of the “Alt-Right” (Alternative Right), a white-supremacist and anti-feminist movement, for young, mostly male, millennials in the United States. It draws on Theodor W. Adorno’s critical theorizing of laughter fabricated by the culture industry to outline the ways in which the Alt-Right uses laughter in its culture industry on the internet to recruit new members to its extremist ideas. It also explains the ways in which laughter connect Alt-Right extremism with Trumpism. To ground the theoretical elaborations with empirical examples, the chapter draws on published in-depth interviews with Alt-Right members.
PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) Protects Against Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Pathological Vascular Fibrosis and Remodeling-Brief Report.

Objective: Pathological vascular remodeling and excessive perivascular fibrosis are major contributors to reduced vessel compliance that exacerbates cardiovascular diseases, for instance, promoting...
Serum Amyloid A is Expressed in the Brain After Traumatic Brain Injury in a Sex-Dependent Manner

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein upregulated in the liver after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, it has not been investigated whether SAA expression also occurs in the brain in response to TBI. For this, we performed a moderate controlled cortical impact injury in adult male and female mice and analyzed brain, blood, and liver samples at 6 h, 1, 3, and 10 days post-injury (dpi). We measured the levels of SAA in serum, brain and liver by western blot. We also used immunohistochemical techniques combined with in situ hybridization to determine SAA mRNA and protein expression in the brain. Our results revealed higher levels of SAA in the bloodstream in males compared to females at 6 h post-TBI. Liver and serum SAA protein showed a peak of expression at 1 dpi followed by a decrease at 3 to 10 dpi in both sexes. Both SAA mRNA and protein expression colocalize with astrocytes and macrophages/microglia in the cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, and hippocampus after TBI. For the first time, here we show that SAA is expressed in the brain in response to TBI. Collectively, SAA expression was higher in males compared to females, and in association with the sex-dependent neuroinflammatory response after brain injury. We suggest that SAA could be a crucial protein associated to the acute neuroinflammation following TBI, not only for its hepatic upregulation but also for its expression in the injured brain.
Depthless: The Soul in Liquid Times and the Need for Freud

Freud is about something important. While features of our contemporary situation make Freud’s view of human nature and culture seem obsolete, they also illuminate what is at stake. Our institutional order is losing its solidity and durability, throwing us back on ourselves and our choices. It is becoming more “liquid,” to use Zygmunt Bauman’s apt metaphor, and fostering a light, depthless way of being and a mutable, non-constraining view of the social world. It is fostering a manner of self-making that involves a detached perspective on our very self and a techne by which we change ourselves through somatic intervention. Freud stood against the tendency to abandon a complex, hermeneutic view of selfhood and the facilitating structures of a cultural order. This was what he was about and what we must recover.
Medical Flight Emergencies and Bias: #thatisbias #whatadoctorlookslike #ILookLikeaDoctor.

One in 604 flights will have a medical emergency. With 87,000 flights per day in the United States alone, that is ∼144 medical emergencies per day. When a passenger has a medical emergency in-fligh...
Rapid Resource Change and Visitor-Use Management: Social–ecological Connections at the Bonneville Salt Flats

Parks and protected areas are complex, and managers often need integrated social–ecological science-based information that illuminates the dynamic interactions between the biophysical and social processes. However, modeling and determining social–ecological connections are difficult due to disciplinary paradigms, divergent research questions, and data sets representing different scales. During this investigation, researchers sought to evaluate social–ecological linkages at a large salt pan (Bonneville Salt Flats) in western Utah (US). Specifically, the investigation evaluated how the changing level and location of salt-crust moisture and ponding water influenced visitors’ spatial distribution of use and important elements of their experience. The findings indicate that visitors travel more distance, spend more time recreating, and use the Salt Flats in higher densities during dry conditions. However, the results also highlight that importance levels ascribed to specific aspects of the visitor experience remained relatively stable regardless of changes in salt-crust moisture and ponding water. Illuminating such linkages is important because most natural resource issues in society, including resources at the Bonneville Salt Flats, are not solely ecological or social in nature but characterized by deeper enmeshment between the two.
Can you see me now?: Engaging distance learners through virtual reference consultations

Abstract Research consultations continue to be a valuable service offered by academic libraries for students who are able to visit the library, however, most students enrolled in online degree programs or considering enrollment have limited access to campus services. To address this, the authors designed and tested a virtual reference consultation service in their library for distance learners and graduate students. This article outlines a practical approach for designing and initiating a virtual research consultation service pilot, providing equitable access to library services and a positive user experience for distance learners.
Improved Genome Editing through Inhibition of FANCM and Members of the BTR Dissolvase Complex.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors have the unique property of being able to perform genomic targeted integration (TI) without inducing a double-strand break (DSB). In order to improve our understanding of the mechanism behind TI mediated by AAV and improve its efficiency, we performed an unbiased genetic screen in human cells using a promoterless AAV-homologous recombination (AAV-HR) vector system. We identified that the inhibition of the Fanconi anemia complementation group M (FANCM) protein enhanced AAV-HR-mediated TI efficiencies in different cultured human cells by ∼6- to 9-fold. The combined knockdown of the FANCM and two proteins also associated with the FANCM complex, RecQ-mediated genome instability 1 (RMI1) and Bloom DNA helicase (BLM) from the BLM-topoisomerase IIIα (TOP3A)-RMI (BTR) dissolvase complex (RMI1, having also been identified in our screen), led to the enhancement of AAV-HR-mediated TI up to ∼17 times. AAV-HR-mediated TI in the presence of a nuclease (CRISPR-Cas9) was also increased by ∼1.5- to 2-fold in FANCM and RMI1 knockout cells, respectively. Furthermore, knockdown of FANCM in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) increased AAV-HR-mediated TI by ∼3.5-fold. This study expands our knowledge on the mechanisms related to AAV-mediated TI, and it highlights new pathways that might be manipulated for future improvements in AAV-HR-mediated TI.
BIRDS AND BEASTS WERE MANY: THE ECOLOGY AND CLIMATE OF THE GUANZHONG BASIN IN THE PRE-IMPERIAL PERIOD

This paper reviews current knowledge on the geography, climate, flora, and fauna of Shaanxi's Guanzhong 關中 Basin, a region that has been particularly well studied because it was a capital region of the Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang dynasties. Humans have so thoroughly transformed the region that it is hard to imagine that it was ever full of wild plants and animals. And since much of the English-language scholarship on the Zhou period focuses on the texts and ideas of urban elites, it is easy to forget that most people were rural farmers living in environments full of wild plants and animals, and that many places had no humans at all. Scholars in various fields have produced abundant new information on the environments of ancient China, making it possible to reconstruct climate and ecology far more accurately than was possible before. This research shows that, contra older claims that ancient North China had a subtropical climate, the climate of the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods was only slightly warmer and wetter than the present. The most important factor in the transformation of the region's ecosystems has been humans, not climate. We will focus on the pre-imperial period because various lines of evidence suggest that the first millennium b.c.e. was a period of population growth in which agricultural societies wiped out many of the natural ecosystems of lowland North China. Only by reconstructing what North China looked like thousands of years ago will we be able to understand how humans came to be the dominant force in the region's ecology.
Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2): Enabling Secure CNS and APNT for Safety-Critical Air Transport Systems

Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) have recently enabled novel applications such as passenger transport and package delivery, but are increasingly vulnerable to cyberattack and therefore difficult to certify. These applications require robust positioning, communciations, and time synchronization services. Legacy systems such as GPS provide these capabilities extremely well, but are sensitive to spoofing and hijacking cyberattacks. In a previous study, we developed a local GPS alternative that provides highly secure communications, positioning, and timing synchronization services to networks of cooperative RF users. In this study, we consider this Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2) system in the context of safety-critical transport applications and urban air mobility. We demonstrate rapid (< 100 ms) and precise (< 1cm) positioning capabilities in over-the-air experiments using flexible ground stations and UAS platforms using limited bandwidth (10 MhZ). We compare several position estimation algorithms in simulation and experimental test environments to identify suitable approaches for different applications. We discuss how the integrated communications link secures the system from spoofing and hijacking cyberattacks. We assert that the these capabilities make CHP2 a suitable candidate to provide both communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) and alternative positioning, navigation, and timing (APNT) services for safety-critical transport applications on a variety of vehicular platforms.
Unlocking the decoding of unknown magnetic nanobarcode signatures

Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) rank among the most promising multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials for nanobarcoding applications owing to their safety, nontoxicity, and remote decoding using a single magnetic excitation source. Until recently, coercivity and saturation magnetization have been proposed as encoding parameters. Herein, backward remanence magnetization (BRM) is used to decode unknown remanence spectra of MNWs-based nanobarcodes. A simple and fast expectation algorithm is proposed to decode the unknown remanence spectra with a success rate of 86% even though the MNWs have similar coercivities, which cannot be accomplished by other decoding schemes. Our experimental approach and analytical analysis open a promising direction towards reliably decoding magnetic nanobarcodes to expand their capabilities for security and labeling applications.