cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Determining Role of Finish Cooling Temperature on the Microstructural Evolution and Precipitation Behavior in an Nb-V-Ti Microalloyed Steel in the Context of Newly Developed Ultrafast Cooling

We have studied here the impact of finish cooling temperature on the microstructural evolution and precipitation behavior in Nb-V-Ti microalloyed steel through thermo-mechanical simulation in the context of newly developed ultrafast cooling system. The microstructural evolution was studied in terms of morphology and crystallography of precipitates using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. At finish cooling temperature of 933 K and 893 K (660 °C and 620 °C), the microstructure primarily consisted of polygonal ferrite, together with a small amount of wedge-shaped acicular ferrite and lamellar pearlite, while, at 853 K and 813 K (580 °C and 540 °C), the microstructure consisted of lath bainite with fine interlath cementite and granular bainite with martensite/austenite (M/A) constituent. In all the finish cooling temperatures studied, the near-spherical precipitates of size range ~2 to 15 nm were randomly dispersed in ferrite and bainite matrix. The carbide precipitates were identified as (Nb,V)C with NaCl-type crystal structure. With a decrease in the finish cooling temperature, the size of the precipitates was decreased, while the number density first increased with a peak at 893 K (620 °C) and then decreased. Using Ashby–Orowan model, the contribution of the precipitation strengthening to yield strength was ~149 MPa at the finish cooling temperature of 893 K (620 °C).
Development and Application of an ALE Solver for Turbomachinery Aeromechanics

High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) is a key issue in the development and endurance of gas turbine engines that results from the flow-induced vibratory response of turbomachine blading to unsteady aerodynamic excitations. This paper describes the development and application of TAM-ALE3D, an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) finite element coupled fluid- structure interaction solver, to axial and radial flow turbomachinery aeromechanics issues. The incorporation of turbomachinery-specific algorithms enables the analysis of crack generation in the Inlet Guide Vanes (IGVs) of a modern transonic compressor due to resonant vibrations generated by the potential/shock field of the downstream rotor. The capability to model turbulent wake forcing functions makes possible predictions of the resonant vibratory stress resulting from the subsonic rotor wakes interacting with the downstream stators. The modification of outflow boundary conditions to model incoming acoustic waves allows the unsteady aerodynamic response of a high-speed centrifugal compressor impeller to the potential/shock excitation generated by the downstream radial- vaned diffuser to be simulated. Finally, the impeller blade aerodynamic damping is calculated to quantify the effect of blade-motion induced aerodynamics at the exducer.
Mechanistic Study of the Synthesis of CdSe Nanocrystals: Release of Selenium

We outline a reaction pathway for the cleavage of the P═Se bond in trialkylphosphine selenide during the synthesis of CdSe nanocrystals. The reaction between cadmium carboxylate and trimethylphosphine selenide in the presence of an alcohol produces alkoxytrimethylphosphonium (2). Control experiments and density functional theory calculations suggested that the cleavage of the P═Se bond is initiated by nucleophilic attack of carboxylate on a Cd2+-activated phosphine selenide to produce an acyloxytrialkylphosphonium intermediate (1), which is converted to 2 in the presence of an alcohol.
Agile WDM Layer for FlexSelectTM Metro Optical Network

This talk will introduce CIENA’s FlexSelectTM architecture and share our vision on next generation service-converging metro optical network with enhanced agile WDM layer based on the multi-degree ROADM solutions and high-density agile interface.
Reaction Kinetics in Acid-Catalyzed Deprotection of Polymer Films

A quantitative description of kinetics in acid-catalyzed polymer deprotection reactions requires proper identification of the controlling mechanisms. We examined the acid-catalyzed deprotection of a glassy poly(4-hydroxystyrene-co-tert-butyl acrylate) resin using infrared absorbance spectroscopy and stochastic simulations. We interpret experimental data with a model that explicitly accounts for acid transport, where heterogeneities at local length scales are introduced through a nonexponential distribution of waiting times between successive hopping events. A subdiffusive behavior with long-tail kinetics predicts key attributes of the observed deprotection rates, such as a fast initial deprotection, slow conversion at long times, and a nonlinear dependence on acid loading. Most importantly, only two parameters are introduced to offer a near-quantitative description of deprotection levels at low acid loadings and short times. The model is extended to high acid loadings and long times by incorporating a sim...
Adding Credibility to Your Case

This article explores the benefits of utilizing non-retained expert witnesses to strengthen a case in litigation.
Effect of Aqueous Dispersions with NPAg, NPCu, NPBi, and ZnNO, Millimeter- Wave Radiation, and Weak Magnetic Fields on the Germination of Triticale and Wheat Seeds under the Action of a Pathogenic Fungus and Low Temperatures

It has been found that the exposure of triticale and wheat seeds to aqueous dispersions containing low concentrations of Ag, Cu, Bi, and ZnO nanoparticles significantly stimulates seed germination (up to 30%). Aqueous dispersions with low concentrations of nanoparticles exhibit a fungicidal effect on the seeds in seed treatment prior to the exposure of the seeds to pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium avenae. The most informative parameter was seed germination capacity. Potassium permanganate, which is a conventional factor of seed disinfection, has proved to be less effective. In comparative experiments on studying the effects of the nanofactor and weak electromagnetic fields on the seeds, it has been generally found that there are some similarities between the factors in the responses of both normal seeds and the seeds subsequently exposed to the action of the pathogenic fungus and low temperatures. In some versions, the effects of the nanofactor and then of the magnetic field were more pronounced.
Medical and surgical conditions predisposing to gastroesophageal reflux disease.

SUMMARY Esophageal disease has been reported in 70% to 90% of patients with scleroderma, of whom nearly 50% will have reflux esophagitis. The combined motility disorder of low LES pressure and aperistalsis of the esophageal body makes scleroderma patients especially susceptible to severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Symptomatic GERD is a common problem in pregnancy, affecting 30% to 50% of women. Hormonal effects of estrogen and progesterone likely promote GERD by compromising LES function. Fortunately, the problem is usually relieved with delivery of the baby. Although difficult to quantitate, the reflux of both acid and especially alkaline material may be a common sequela of many types of gastric surgery. Medical therapy binding bile salts usually does not bring relief. The Roux-en-Y biliary diversion operation is the best solution for this problem. GERD complicates the treatment of achalasia after 10% of Heller myotomies and 2% of pneumatic dilatations. Nearly 50% of patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome have esophagitis, which may be more difficult to treat than their ulcer disease.
The use of methotrexate in gynecological practice

In gynecological practice the use of methotrexate was confined to the treatment of malignancies until 1982 when the first report of the use of methotrexate to treat an interstitial pregnancy was reported [1]. Since that time the use of methotrexate to treat tubal, cervical, and interstitial pregnancies has become widely accepted and practiced in many centers around the world. In addition, methotrexate has been used to treat pregnancies implanted within a uterine scar and in patients with placenta accreta. However, in this chapter we will limit the discussion to the use of methotrexate in the treatment of ectopic pregnancies.
Reperfusion Injury: Basic Concepts and Protection Strategies.

Prolonged ischemia such as that following myocardial infarction or occurring during long-term coronary bypass procedures causes serious damage to the myocardium. Early reperfusion is an absolute prerequisite for the survival of ischemic tissue. However, reperfusion has been referred to as the “double edged sword” because reperfusing ischemic myocardium carries with it a component of injury known as reperfusion injury. Reperfusion injury includes a number of events, such as reperfusion arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, stunning, vascular damage, and endothelial dysfunction. The underlying mechanism of reperfusion injury is not entirely known, but the existing evidence suggests that oxygen free radicals generated during the first few minutes of reflow lead to damage of cellular membranes, intracellular calcium overload, and uncoupling of excitation-contraction coupling. Although controversial, free radical scavengers, in general, are highly effective in the attenuation of reperfusion injury in animal models. Newer endogenous protection strategies, which include ischemic and heat shock preconditioning, are known to reduce reperfusion injury following ischemia.
Is This Relevant? Physician Perceptions, Clinical Relevance, and Religious Content in Clinical Interactions

Despite wide support among physicians for practicing patient-centered care, clinical interactions are primarily driven by physicians’ perception of relevance. While some will perceive a connection between religion and patient health, this relevance will be less apparent for others. I argue that physician responses when religious/spiritual topics come up during clinical interactions will depend on their own religious/spiritual background. The more central religion is for the physician, the greater his or her perception of religion's impact on health outcomes and his or her inclusion of religion/spirituality within clinical interactions. Using a nationally representative sample of physicians in the United States and mediated path models, I estimate models for five different physician actions to evaluate these relationships. I find that a physician's religious background is strongly associated with whether or not he or she thinks religion impacts health outcomes, which is strongly predictive of inclusion. I also find that not all of the association between inclusion and physicians’ religious background is mediated by thinking religion impacts health outcomes. Issues of religion's relevance for medicine are important to the degree that religious beliefs are an important dimension of patients’ lives.
Identification and refinement of martian surface mineralogy using factor analysis and target transformation of near-infrared spectroscopic data

Factor analysis and target transformation techniques were applied to the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) spectral dataset to identify spectral endmembers, reduce noise, and automate image analysis. These techniques allow for rapid processing of images and identification of weak spectral signals. We have applied the automated technique to over 3000 CRISM images and successfully identified endmembers including phyllosilicates (e.g., serpentine, nontronite, and illite), sulfates (e.g., gypsum), carbonates (e.g., magnesite) and hydrated silica. To test these techniques, factor analysis and target transformation were applied to all available full spectral resolution covering the Nili Fossae region from 1.7 to 2. 6 µm data to identify the occurrence of Mg-carbonate in the region. We have also applied the factor analysis and target transformation as a noise reduction algorithm, which also allows for improved results from other common image analysis techniques, including spectral ratios and index maps.
Drug Price Gouging: When Will it End?

Price gouging will end only when the structural elements responsible for the unchecked costs of drugs are addressed in a systematic way.
A Tale of Two Cities: Visualizing Air Quality in Salt Lake City and Beijing

If there is one thing common to a conservative, US “red” state like Utah and a socialist “red” country like China, it might be the “red-air” days.Salt Lake City, the capital city of Utah, has const...
Influence of molecular weight between crosslinks on the mechanical properties of polymers formed via ring-opening metathesis.

The apparent molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc,a) in a polymer network plays a fundamental role in the network mechanical response. We systematically varied Mc,a independent of strong noncovalent bonding by using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to co-polymerize dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) with a chain extender that increases Mc,a or a di-functional crosslinker that decreases Mc,a. We compared the ROMP series quasi-static modulus (E), tensile yield stress (σy), and fracture toughness (KIC and GIC) in the glassy regime with literature data for more polar thermosets. ROMP resins showed high KIC (>1.5 MPa m0.5), high GIC (>1000 J m−2), and 4–5 times higher high rate impact resistance than typical polar thermosets with similar Tg values (100 °C to 178 °C). The overall E values were lower for ROMP systems. The σy dependence on Mc,a and T–Tg for ROMP resins was qualitatively similar to more polar thermosets, but the overall σy values were lower. In contrast to more polar thermosets, the KIC and GIC values of the ROMP resins showed strong Mc,a and T–Tg dependence. High rate impact (∼104–105 s−1) trends were similar to the KIC and GIC behavior, but were also correlated to σy. Overall, a ductile failure mode was observed for quasi-static and high rate results for a linear ROMP polymer (Mc,a = 1506 g mol−1 due to chain entanglement), and this gradually transitioned to a fully brittle failure mode for highly crosslinked ROMP polymers (Mc,a ≤ 270 g mol−1). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that low Mc,a ROMP resins were more likely to form molecular scale nanovoids. The higher chain stiffness in low Mc,a ROMP resins inhibited stress relaxation in the vicinity of these nanovoids, which correlated with brittle mechanical responses. Overall, these differences in mechanical properties were attributed to the weak non-covalent interactions in ROMP resins.
Fuzzy Voxel Object.

In this paper, computer vision and fuzzy set theory are merged for the robust construction of three-dimensional objects using a small number of cameras and minimal a priori knowledge about the objects. This work extends our previously defined crisp model, which has been successfully used for recognizing and linguistically summarizing human activity. The objects true features more closely resemble the fuzzy object than those of the crisp object. This is demonstrated both empirically and through the comparison of features used in tracking human activity. Keywords—computer vision, human activity analysis, fuzzy objects, fuzzy voxel person.
A Tribute to Samuel C. Collins: September 28, 1898 – June 19, 1984

Sam Collins was a perfect gentleman in the traditional sense. He worked without fanfare and had no time for image building. He wanted his work to speak for itself and his papers were modest descriptions of his major accomplishments. Many of his original ideas were never published; nevertheless they have served as the basis for the achievements of others.
Studies on in vitro DNA synthesis. II. Isolation of a protein which stimulates deoxynucleotide incorporation catalyzed by DNA polymerase of E. coli.

Abstract Purified RNA polymerase, DNA polymerase III and unwinding protein of Escherichia coli catalyze limited rifampicin sensitive fd or OX 174 DNA-dependent DNA synthesis. A protein has been partially purified from E. coli which stimulates rifampicin sensitive dXMP incorporation in this system 20 to 30 fold. This protein also stimulates DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerases I and II; the stimulation occurs in reactions primed with natural and synthetic DNAs as well as RNA-DNA hybrids. The protein is not a product of the known dna genes. In contrast to the above system of purified enzymes, rifampicin sensitive dXMP incorporation in crude extracts of E. coli is specifically dependent on fd but not OX 174 DNA. An additional factor has been isolated from extracts of E. coli which restores specificity to the purified rifampicin sensitive system by preventing OX 174 DNA from serving as a template.
Root-kits & loadable kernel modules: exploiting the Linux kernel for fun and (educational) profit

This paper discusses how Loadable Kernel Modules (LKM) can be used in Operating Systems (OS) Laboratories to pedagogically enhance an undergraduate student's hands-on experience. We draw inspiration from this technology as it has been applied in the computer security field as a means to compromise running kernels after successfully breaking into an unsecured host. We propose and discuss in detail a new pedagogical approach to introduce students to Linux kernel programming techniques which are relevant to the contents of classic undergraduate operating systems course concepts. This new approach breaks down the complexity and initial overwhelming feeling experienced by students when first confronted to the intimidating source code base of a modern OS. Students are led to develop loadable kernel modules meant to "hack" into a running kernel so that critical system calls and data structures can be unveiled progressively by the instructor. This approach allows for well-delimited forays into "kernel land" that can be tailored to fit any lecture style and students' capabilities specifics.
Evanescent Excitation and Emission

Abstract Evanescent light—light that does not propagate but instead decays in intensity over a subwavelength distance—plays a role in fluorescence microscopy in both excitation (i.e., total internal reflection, or TIR) and emission (i.e., supercritical angle fluorescence). This chapter describes the physical connection between these two forms as a consequence of geometrical compression of wavefront spacing and describes newly established or speculative applications and combinations of the two. In particular, each form can be used in analogous ways to produce surface-selective images, to examine the thickness and refractive index of films (such as lipid multilayers or protein layers) on solid supports, and to measure the absolute distance of a fluorophore to a surface. In combination, the two forms can further increase selectivity and reduce background scattering in surface images. The polarization properties of each lead to more sensitive and accurate measures of fluorophore orientation and membrane micromorphology. The phase properties of evanescent excitation lead to methods of creating a submicroscopic area of TIR illumination or enhanced-resolution structured illumination. Analogously, the phase properties of evanescent emission lead to a method of producing a smaller point spread function, in a technique called virtual supercritical angle fluorescence. This chapter emphasizes the concepts and theory (rather than experimental protocols and results) of evanescence for both excitation and emission, as well as the theory of its many existing and possible future applications.
Mutual Relationships among Aging, Nutrition, and Health

Aging, nutrition, and health are agglomerates each one of which comprises elements representing all the basic, clinical, social, political, and economic sciences. The three agglomerates compose an inseparable aging-nutrition-health triad so unified by the mutual relationships among its component agglomerates that it must be treated as an integer, not Balkanized into distinct, competitive units.
Turbo Codes and Turbo Equalization

Turbo codes, introduced by Berrou, et al.[Berrou et al., 1993] in 1993, provide large coding gain for the memoryless additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and bring the system performance to within 1 dB from the Shannon capacity limit [Shannon, 1948]. The superior performance soon caused turbo codes to receive intense study.
Autotuning Technique for the Cost Function Weight Factors in Model Predictive Control for Power Electronic Interfaces

This paper presents an autotuning technique for the online selection of the cost function weight factors in model predictive control (MPC). The weight factors in the cost function with multiple control objectives directly affect the performance and robustness of the MPC. The proposed method in this paper determines the optimum weight factors of the cost function for each sampling time; the optimization of the weight factors is done based on the prediction of the absolute tracking error of the control objectives and the corresponding constraints. The proposed method eliminates the need of the trial-and-error approach to determine a fixed weight factor in the cost function. The application considered is a capacitor-less static synchronous compensator based on the MPC of a direct matrix converter. This technique compensates lagging power factor loads using inductive energy storage elements instead of electrolytic capacitors. The result demonstrates that the proposed autotuning approach of cost function weights makes the control algorithm robust to parameter variation and other uncertainties in the system. The proposed capacitor-less reactive power compensator based on the autotuned MPC cost function weight factor is verified experimentally.
Development and Experimental Validation of the Direct Strength Method for Cold-Formed Steel Beam-Columns

AbstractThe direct strength method of cold-formed steel member design uses local, distortional, and global cross-section elastic buckling analysis with empirically derived direct expressions to pre...
Logarithmic molecular sampling for next-generation sequencing

Next-generation sequencing enables measurement of chemical and biological signals at high throughput and falling cost. Conventional sequencing requires increasing sampling depth to improve signal to noise discrimination, a costly procedure that is also impossible when biological material is limiting. We introduce a new general sampling theory, Molecular Entropy encodinG (MEG), which uses biophysical principles to functionally encode molecular abundance before sampling. SeQUential DepletIon and enriCHment (SQUICH) is a specific example of MEG that, in theory and simulation, enables sampling at a logarithmic or better rate to achieve the same precision as attained with conventional sequencing. In proof-of-principle experiments, SQUICH reduces sequencing depth by a factor of 10. MEG is a general solution to a fundamental problem in molecular sampling and enables a new generation of efficient, precise molecular measurement at logarithmic or better sampling depth.
A Revised Look at Relativistic Electrons in the Earth's Inner Radiation Zone and Slot Region

We describe a new, more accurate procedure for estimating and removing inner zone background contamination from Van Allen Probes Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) radiation belt measurements. This new procedure is based on the underlying assumption that the primary source of background contamination in the electron measurements at L shells less than three, energetic inner belt protons, is relatively stable. Since a magnetic spectrometer can readily distinguish between foreground electrons and background signals, we are able to exploit the proton stability to construct a model of the background contamination in each MagEIS detector by only considering times when the measurements are known to be background dominated. We demonstrate, for relativistic electron measurements in the inner zone, that the new technique is a significant improvement upon the routine background corrections that are used in the standard MagEIS data processing, which can "overcorrect" and therefore remove real (but small) electron fluxes. As an example, we show that the previously reported 1-MeV injection into the inner zone that occurred in June of 2015 was distributed more broadly in L and persisted in the inner zone longer than suggested by previous estimates. Such differences can have important implications for both scientific studies and spacecraft engineering applications that make use of MagEIS electron data in the inner zone at relativistic energies. We compare these new results with prior work and present more recent observations that also show a 1-MeV electron injection into the inner zone following the September 2017 interplanetary shock passage.
Airway transcriptomic profiling after bronchial thermoplasty.

Background Bronchial thermoplasty is a nonpharmacological, device-based treatment option for a specific population of severe asthmatic subjects, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify potential altered pathways by bronchial thermoplasty using a transcriptomic approach. Methods Patients undergoing bronchial thermoplasty were recruited to the study, and a bronchial brushing sample was obtained before each bronchial thermoplasty session and sent for RNA sequencing. A variance component score test was performed to identify those genes whose expression varied after bronchial thermoplasty sessions. Differential gene expression meta-analysis of severe asthmatic subjects versus controls was performed using public repositories. Overlapping genes were included for downstream pathway and network analyses. Results 12 patients were enrolled in our study. A total of 133 severe asthma cases and 107 healthy controls from the public repositories were included in the meta-analysis. Comparison of differentially expressed genes from our study patients with the public repositories identified eight overlapping genes: AMIGO2, CBX7, NR3C2, SETBP1, SHANK2, SNTB1, STXBP1 and ZNF853. Network analysis of these overlapping genes identified pathways associated with neurophysiological processes. Conclusion We have shown that bronchial thermoplasty treatment alters several gene networks that are important in asthma pathogenesis. These results potentially elucidate the disease-modifying mechanisms of bronchial thermoplasty and provide several targets for further investigation.
Impact of Fetal Programming on Mitochondrial Function and Susceptibility to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract The worldwide incidence of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity continues to increase. The WHO predicts that these metabolic disorders will be a major cause of death by 2030, placing a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system globally. It now is accepted widely that metabolic diseases of adulthood, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, might have their origins in the womb. Almost three decades ago, the concept of fetal origins of adult diseases was first proposed by Barker and colleagues, who reported that adults born at low birth weight had greater likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Based on these pioneering observations, a field of research now popularly known as developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) emerged. It now is clear that perturbations during early life have long-lasting effects on metabolic health. Improved understanding about the role of the early life environment on the progression of metabolic diseases has triggered efforts to design preventive strategies for these diseases at the time of their origin.
Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-Like Nuclear Features in Children: An Institutional Experience and Literature Review:

BackgroundPapillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in children has a distinctive set of clinicopathologic features and molecular signature compared to their adult counterparts. The recent recommendation t...
A distributed multitask multimodal approach for the prediction of Alzheimer’s disease in a longitudinal study

Predicting the progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has been held back for decades due to the lack of sufficient longitudinal data required for the development of novel machine learning algorithms. This study proposes a novel machine learning algorithm for predicting the progression of Alzheimer's disease using a distributed multimodal, multitask learning method. More specifically, each individual task is defined as a regression model, which predicts cognitive scores at a single time point. Since the prediction tasks for multiple intervals are related to each other in chronological order, multitask regression models have been developed to track the relationship between subsequent tasks. Furthermore, since subjects have various combinations of recording modalities together with other genetic, neuropsychological and demographic risk factors, special attention is given to the fact that each modality may experience a specific sparsity pattern. The model is hence generalized by exploiting multiple individual multitask regression coefficient matrices for each modality. The outcome for each independent modality-specific learner is then integrated with complementary information, known as risk factor parameters, revealing the most prevalent trends of the multimodal data. This new feature space is then used as input to the gradient boosting kernel in search for a more accurate prediction. This proposed model not only captures the complex relationships between the different feature representations, but it also ignores any unrelated information which might skew the regression coefficients. Comparative assessments are made between the performance of the proposed method with several other well-established methods using different multimodal platforms. The results indicate that by capturing the interrelatedness between the different modalities and extracting only relevant information in the data, even in an incomplete longitudinal dataset, will yield minimized prediction errors.
Nursing Care Paper as a Writing Intensive Requirement in Clinical Nursing Courses

Abstract Writing has been identified as a requisite skill for nursing practice by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, yet the literature indicated poor writing skills on the part of nursing students and few writing interventions to address the problem. This article aims to describe a structured writing assignment called Nursing Care Paper (NCP) that is designed to meet requirements for designated writing-intensive clinical nursing courses. The NCP consists of low-stakes, weekly reflection paper assignments and a high-stakes case report assignment based on anonymized data obtained by the student while taking care of a patient. The NCP case report is scaffolded and sequenced according to the nursing process framework and supported by ongoing post-conference workshops. Pilot implementation, design considerations, benefits, challenges, and student feedback were discussed in detail. The NCP is a thoughtfully crafted writing assignment that can be customized to meet the objectives of any clinical nursing course.
Tsunami-Like Wave-Induced Lateral and Uplift Pressures and Forces on an Elevated Coastal Structure

Abstract A large-scale physical model was constructed in the Large Wave Flume of Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory (HWRL) at Oregon State University to develop a dataset of measured pressures and f...
Chapter 55 – Ocular Disease

Uveitis consists of inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Anatomical location, type of inflammation, and demographic features are important factors for elucidating the underlying etiology. The presence of uveitogenic antigens in the human eye have been established, and are thought to incite disease in conjunction with disarray of the immune system. Several elements including genetics, hormones, and environmental influences are thought to play a role in the development of uveitis. Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) has been important for studying the molecular mechanisms involved, including the role of cellular immunity and cytokines. While many treatment options for uveitis exist, the continued understanding of the disease process allows for more tailored therapies.
Deep Learning of CTCF-Mediated Chromatin Loops in 3D Genome Organization

The three-dimensional organization of the human genome is of crucial importance for gene regulation. Results from high-throughput chromosome conformation capture techniques show that the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) plays an important role in chromatin interactions, and CTCF-mediated chromatin loops mostly occur between convergent CTCF-binding sites. However, it is still unclear whether and what sequence patterns in addition to the convergent CTCF motifs contribute to the formation of chromatin loops. To discover the complex sequence patterns for chromatin loop formation, we have developed a deep learning model, called DeepCTCFLoop, to predict whether a chromatin loop can be formed between a pair of convergent CTCF motifs using only the DNA sequences of the motifs and their flanking regions. Our results suggest that DeepCTCFLoop can accurately distinguish the convergent CTCF motif pairs forming chromatin loops from the ones not forming loops. It significantly outperforms CTCF-MP, a machine learning model based on word2vec and boosted trees, when using DNA sequences only. Moreover, we show that DNA motifs binding to ASCL1, SP2 and ZNF384 may facilitate the formation of chromatin loops in addition to convergent CTCF motifs. To our knowledge, this is the first published study of using deep learning techniques to discover the sequence motif patterns underlying CTCF-mediated chromatin loop formation. Our results provide useful information for understanding the mechanism of 3D genome organization. The source code and datasets used in this study for model construction are freely available at https://github.com/BioDataLearning/DeepCTCFLoop.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Using SystemCHANGE™ Approach to Increase Physical Activity in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in kidney transplant recipients. Physical activity after transplant is the most modifiable nonpharmacological factor for improving ca...
The L2 behavior of eigenfunctions near the glancing set

ABSTRACTLet M be a compact manifold with or without boundary and H⊂M be a smooth, interior hypersurface. We study the restriction of Laplace eigenfunctions solving to H. In particular, we study the degeneration of u|H as one microlocally approaches the glancing set by finding the optimal power s0, so that remains uniformly bounded in L2(H) as h→0. Moreover, we show that this bound is saturated at every h-dependent scale near glancing using examples on the disk and sphere. We give an application of our estimates to quantum ergodic restriction theorems.
Dollar stores and food deserts

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between dollar store expansion and food access. We begin by documenting the growth of dollar stores over time and comparing dollar store expansion between areas with and without poor food access. Using a time-varying measure of food accessibility, we identify areas with persistent food access challenges, where supermarket and large grocery stores have been absent for the entire study period (2000–2017), and track dollar store expansion into these areas. We use a combination of geocoded food retail establishments from Nielsen's TDLinx dataset to identify the precise location and years of entry for dollar stores and create yearly measures of food accessibility. We find that dollar stores are most prevalent in non-metro areas, regardless of food access status. We find that both the presence and entry of dollar stores are not more likely to be associated with areas categorized as “low-income and low-access”; however, we do find evidence that once a dollar store enters a food desert, that area is more likely to remain without access to a supermarket. Our results indicate that dollar stores are similar to other profit-seeking food retailers in that they are more likely to locate in areas where supermarkets exist and competition is high, suggesting that dollar stores are becoming key players within the food retailing environment. Yet, unlike traditional retail formats, dollar stores could be filling a gap in food access in places where no other food retailer will enter.
Requirement Assurance: A Verification Process

Requirement Assurance is an act of requirement verification which assures the stakeholder or customer that a product requirement has produced its "as realized product" and has been verified with conclusive evidence. Product requirement verification answers the question, "did the product meet the stated specification, performance, or design documentation?". In order to ensure the system was built correctly, the practicing system engineer must verify each product requirement using verification methods of inspection, analysis, demonstration, or test. The products of these methods are the "verification artifacts" or "closure artifacts" which are the objective evidence needed to prove the product requirements meet the verification success criteria. Institutional direction is given to the System Engineer in NPR 7123.1A NASA Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements with regards to the requirement verification process. In response, the verification methodology offered in this report meets both the institutional process and requirement verification best practices.
Kinesthetic and Interpersonal Learning

Abstract Prior researchers have described how individuals prefer to learn with different types of activities. Vincent and others (2002) have reported that business students prefer kinesthetic and interpersonal modes of learning and prescribe their use in the international business curriculum. Based on their findings, this paper presents a compendium of projects for instructors to consider when planning coursework for international accounting students.
The hemoglobins of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii. I. Isolation, characterization, and oxygen equilibria.

Abstract 1. 1.|The electrophoretic patterns of hemoglobins from 28 individual hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) reveals considerable variation. Two to three major and at least two minor components are present in each hemolysate. 2. 2.|The amino acid compositions of these components show that each component differs in primary structure. 3. 3.|Sedimentation velocity and equilibrium measurements showed that the major components aggregate slightly. 4. 4.|The oxygen equilibria of each major component were independent both of ATP and of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, in contrast to the behavior of the hemoglobins of higher vertebrates.
A Reply to Bradley Lewis's “Prozac and the Post-human Politics of Cyborgs”

It might be appropriate to begin my commentary by disclosing the fact that Brad Lewis and I are good friends. “Oh, no,” you might think, “this will be one of those cozy, mutual back-patting, insider sessions that so often take place in the American Philosophical Association group meetings.” But never fear. For one thing, I’m no insider to the intellectual circles represented in Dr. Lewis’ bibliography. Indeed, I’ve read only two of the 32 works listed there. (Depending on how you look at it, that may make me either completely unqualified to comment on this paper or exceptionally well-qualified for reasons of critical distance.) Also, friendship and constructive criticism are entirely compatible in my book. And, to paraphrase a philosopher of some importance, “Brad is dear, but the truth is dearer.” I will begin my commentary by identifying some of Brad’s theses that I find interesting, important, and well-supported. The second part of my commentary will elaborate my major concerns about the paper. This part will be longer, not because my overall reaction is more critical than favorable, but because exploring different viewpoints generally takes more space and time than noting points of agreement. In my conclusion, I will suggest that many of the paper’s insights are likely to sail better if some of the baggage from postmodernism and cultural studies is thrown overboard.
The Anonymous 'Eliza': A Puritan Virgin Poet Internalizes Seventeenth-Century English Absolutism

In her only known published volume, Eliza’s Babes: or The Virgin’s Offering (1652), the anonymous poet known as „Eliza‟ figures her virgin identity as a political and religious trope; however critics have been ambiguous on the topic of this poet‟s political affiliation. In the various themes that thread Eliza‟s work is evidence of a constant personalizing process of contemporary trends in both religious belief and political opinion. Pausing only briefly to overtly discuss political events, Eliza tends to internalize religious doctrines and political events until her overriding sense of her own female identity serves to reconcile political and religious conflicts. Although Eliza‟s Puritanical orientation may have, presumably, aligned her against the monarch for a time, as demonstrated by my examination of her verses and their contextualization within Civil War sermons, she was highly influenced by the Presbyterian sense of sympathy toward the beleaguered cause of King Charles I that was enabled by the unreconciled tensions between their interests and those of Parliament
Postcolonial Globalized Communication and Rapping the Kufiyya

This article is a response to the current reduction of postcolonial work in communication studies and the broader rejection of postcolonial theory in the humanities in favor of globalization studies. We detail the current relationships between postcolonial and globalization scholars to advance the claim that neither field is sufficient without a critical engagement of the other. To trace the important ways in which a joint postcolonial-globalized reading attends to the complexities of contemporary global culture, we focus on the adoption of the historical Palestinian kufiyya by war activists, fashion icons, and antiterrorism constituencies in the United States.
Developments in interpolating cathode structures for high precision, gas proportional detectors

Summary form only. Detectors being planned for experiments at future collider accelerators and at X-ray synchrotron sources will achieve the required increased counting rate capability with a high degree of parallel readout, while maintaining a reasonable number of readout channels. Several forms of capacitive charge division in position-sensitive proportional detectors have been investigated. This class of encoders provides good position linearity and resolution, reduces the number of readout channels, and substantially reduces the capacitance between readout nodes. Cathode encoders using these new methods have two strips with specific shapes which lie between adjacent readout strips. They are considerably easier to fabricate than is the case with previous methods. Measurements have yielded differential nonlinearity of the position output of less than +or-5%, with position resolution limited primarily by phenomena in the detector gas. >
Production of silicon for solar cells: Pressure effects on the SiF4Na reaction and its products

Abstract The effects of the SiF 4 pressure on the SiF 4 Na reaction and its products have been studied. Constant volume batch experiments were carried out in which Na, preheated to 250°C, was exposed to SiF 4 at different pressures. Because of the exothermic character of the reaction, the temperature at the reaction zone peaks to a maximum that depends on the pressure of SiF 4 . At SiF 4 pressure around 1 atm, the temperature maximum reaches the highest values, near the melting point of silicon (1412°C). Depending on the SiF 4 pressure, three distinct reaction behaviors and corresponding reaction products can be identified. The pressure range of more interest for practical application of the SiF 4 Na reaction lies between 350 torr and 760 torr. At these pressures, clear segregation between the Si and NaF phases is observed and the average Si particle size is 0.2 mm.
Weakly compact cardinals in models of set theory

The central notion of this paper is that of a κ -elementary end extension of a model of set theory. A model is said to be a κ-elementary end extension of a model of set theory if > and κ , which is a cardinal of , is end extended in the passage from to , i.e., enlarges κ without enlarging any of its members (see §0 for more detail). This notion was implicitly introduced by Scott in [Sco] and further studied by Keisler and Morley in [KM], Hutchinson in [H] and recently by the author in [E]. It is not hard to see that if has a κ -elementary end extension then κ must be regular in . Keisler and Morley [KM] noticed that this has a converse if is countable, i.e., if κ is a regular cardinal of a countable model then has a κ -elementary end extension. Later Hutchinson [H] refined this result by constructing κ -elementary end extensions 1 and 2 of an arbitrary countable model in which κ is a regular uncountable cardinal, such that 1 adds a least new element to κ while 2 adds no least new ordinal to κ . It is a folklore fact of model theory that the Keisler-Morley result gives soft and short proofs of countable compactness and abstract completeness (i.e. recursive enumera-bility of validities) of the logic L(Q) , studied extensively in Keisler's [K2]; and Hutchinson's refinement does the same for stationary logic L(aa) , studied by Barwise et al. in [BKM]. The proof of Keisler-Morley and that of Hutchinson make essential use of the countability of since they both rely on the Henkin-Orey omitting types theorem. As pointed out in [E, Theorem 2.12], one can prove these theorems using “generic” ultrapowers just utilizing the assumption of countability of the -power set of κ . The following result, appearing as Theorem 2.14 in [E], links the notion of κ -elementary end extension to that of measurability of κ . The proof using (b) is due to Matti Rubin.
IDENTIFICATION OF A REGION REQUIRED FOR SUBTYPE-SPECIFIC AGONIST-INDUCED SEQUESTRATION OF THE M2 MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR

When the m1 and m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are transiently expressed in JEG-3 cells, the m2, but not the m1, receptor undergoes agonist-induced sequestration. Both receptors exhibit internalization when expressed in Y1 cells. These results suggest that the m1 and m2 receptors use distinct cellular mechanisms or pathways for agonist-induced internalization and that JEG-3 cells are deficient in the mechanism or pathway used by the m1 receptor. Transfection experiments with chimeric receptors indicate that the specificity for agonist-induced internalization for the m2 receptor lies in the carboxyl-terminal fifth of the receptor. The intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail of the m2 receptor is neither sufficient nor required for the m2-specific sequestration. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrates that two amino acids in the carboxyl-terminal end of the third cytoplasmic loop of the m2 receptor are required for sequestration in JEG-3 cells. In addition, the sixth transmembrane domain, which is adjacent to this cytoplasmic domain, is also required. Thus, m2-specific agonist-induced sequestration requires sequences both in the carboxyl-terminal end of the third cytoplasmic loop and the adjacent transmembrane domain.
Theoretical Modeling of Bond-line Read-out in Adhesive Joined SMC Automotive Body Panels

A visible deformation on the exterior surface of adhesive-joined automotive body panels along the adhesive application line is called bond-line read-out (BLRO). A 2D finite element model with isotropic linear elasticity and plain strain approximation for a plate/hat design was developed to investigate the physical phenomenon responsible for the formation of BLRO. It was found that a combination of process induced compressive stress on the outer side and tensile stress on the inner side of the exterior panel deforms it into a convex outward shape. The results of this work enables researchers to develop new strategies for reducing BLRO in adhesively bonded exterior panels.