cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Goal Orientation and Practice Condition as Predictors of Training Results.

This study examines the training outcomes related to the interaction between the motivational factor of learning goal orientation and the situational factor of practice distribution. Participants in weekly (spaced) and residential (massed) labor education classes were assessed at the beginning of training for cognitive ability and learning goal orientation. At the end of training, declarative knowledge and task-specific self-efficacy were examined as outcomes. Contrary to expectations, it was found that individuals with high learning goal orientation had more positive outcomes in the massed practice course than in the spaced practice course.
Water-storage capacity ofThuja, Tsuga andAcer stems measured by dehydration isotherms : The contribution of capillary water and cavitation.

Water-storage capacity was measured inThuja occidentalis L.,Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr., andAcer saccharum Marsh. during the dehydration of stem segments 1.5–2.5 cm in diameter. Stem water potential was measured with a temperature-corrected stem hygrometer and cavitations were detected acoustically. Water loss was measured by weight change. Dehydration isotherms consistently displayed three phases. The first phase, from water potential (Ψ) 0 to about −0.2 MPa, had a high capacitance (C>0.4kg water lost· (1 of tissue)−1· MPa−1) and we have attributed this high C to capillary water as defined by Zimmermann (1983, Xylem structure and the ascent of sap, Springer-Verlag). The second phase from Ψ=−0.5 to about −2.0 had the lowest C values (<0.02 kg·l−1·MPa−1) and was accompanied by a few cavitation events. This phase may have been a transition zone between capillary storage and water released by cavitation events as well as water drawn from living cells of the bark. The third phase also had a high C (about 0.07–0.22kg·l−1·MPa−1) and was associated with many cavitation events while Ψ declined below about −2.5 MPa; we presume the high capacitance was the consequence of water released by cavitation events. We discuss the ecological adaptive advantage of these three phases of water-storage in trees. In moist environments, water withdrawn from capillary storage may be an important fraction of transpiration, but may be of little adaptive advantage. For most of the growth season trees draw mainly on elastic storage, but stem elastic storage is less than leaf elastic storage and therefore unlikely to be important. In very dry environments, water relased by cavitation events might be important to the short-term survival of trees.
Properties of cold agglutinin and group carbohydrate-specific antibodies isolated from group C streptococcal antisera.

Abstract The relationship between erythrocyte autoreactive cold agglutinin (CA) antibodies and group carbohydrate-specific antibodies in hyperimmune rabbit Group C streptococcal antisera was investigated. The different antibody preparations examined were isolated from autologous erythrocyte, Group C carbohydrate, and α-GalNAc immunoabsorbents. Each population was subsequently tested for SRBC reactivity, RRBC autoreactivity, and carbohydrate and ligand reactivity, in hemagglutination assay, direct biphasic hemolytic and hemolytic inhibition assays, and radioimmunoassay. In absorption experiments, CA antibodies present in unfractionated serum and represented as purified IgG and IgM preparations, were reactive with Group C carbohydrate, but poorly reactive with α-GalNAc immunoabsorbent. In addition, CA antibody activity present in carbohydrate-eluted material, was absent in α-GalNAc-eluted material as determined by hemagglutination and direct hemolytic assay. By radioimmunoassay, carbohydrate-eluted and a-GalNAc-eluted streptococcal antibodies, and α-GalNAceluted BSA-α-GalNAc antibodies, exhibited similar reactivity with 125 I-BSA-α-GalNAc antigen, and with GalNAc in radioimmunoassay inhibition experiments. In contrast to these results, both IgG and IgM CA antibodies exhibited a relatively low avidity toward 125 I-BSA-α-GalNAc. Yet relative to the other antibody populations tested in radioimmunoassay inhibition experiments, CA antibodies did not exhibit a particularly significant difference in reactivity with GalNAc. However, recognition of other Gal-containing ligands, e.g. Mel and Lac, was restricted to the CA antibody preparations. These data suggest that CA antibodies present in Group C streptococcal antisera do not represent a higher affinity cross-reactive anticarbohydrate population, but instead perhaps represent cross-reactive carbohydratespecific antibodies produced in response to nonimmunodominant Group C carbohydrate determinants.
Reactions of LiE(SiMe(3))(3), E = Si, Ge: X-ray Crystal Structure of the Cyclotetrastannane [ClSnSi(SiMe(3))(3)](4)

Reaction of SnCl(2).dioxane with 2 equiv of Li(THF)(3)Si(SiMe(3))(3) in hexane afforded the cyclotetrastannane [(Me(3)Si)(3)SiSnCl](4) in reasonable yield. From pentane, the product crystallized as a red-orange disolvate in the Po space group (triclinic) with a = 14.735(2) A, b = 14.976(2) A, c = 24.066(3) A, alpha = 76.94 degrees, beta = 76.19 degrees, gamma = 62.11 degrees, V = 4517.5 A(3), and Z = 2. The Sn(4) ring consisted of a slightly distorted, nonplanar (fold angle = 18.9 degrees ) rectangle with Sn-Sn distances of 2.8054(6), 2.8111(6), 2.9122(6), and 2.9146(6) A. The pentane molecules were disordered. Selected mono- and dihalogermanes were treated with 1 equiv of Li(THF)(3)Si(SiMe(3))(3) or Li(THF)(2.5)Ge(SiMe(3))(3), affording (Me(3)Si)(3)EGe(CF(3))(3) (E = Si, Ge) and (Me(3)Si)(3)GeGeR(3) (R = Cl, CH(3), C(6)H(5)). Besides the monosubstitution product, the reaction of GeCl(4) with 1 equiv of Li(THF)(2.5)Ge(SiMe(3))(3) also gave a small amount of the linear tetragermane (Me(3)Si)(3)GeGeCl(2)GeCl(2)Ge(SiMe(3))(3). Good yields of the analogous phenyl derivative, (Me(3)Si)(3)GeGePh(2)GePh(2)Ge(SiMe(3))(3), were obtained by treating Ph(2)GeCl(2) with 2 equiv of the lithium-germyl reagent.
Estimation of Fall Dormancy in Alfalfa by Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Estimating fall dormancy (FD) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is time-consuming and expensive. The objective of this study was to estimate the FD class of alfalfa using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. Eleven alfalfa cultivars ranging in FD from 1 to 11 were grown as spaced plants at four diverse locations. In early autumn, 55 to 65 plants were randomly selected at each location and FD determined for each plant. For each sample, NIR spectra were collected and FD values regressed against first and second derivative transformations of spectra by modified partial least squares regression. The optimum equation had a calibration R 2 of 0.90 and a mean and standard error of 7.93 ± 1.14. Blind validation samples showed that this equation could accurately predict the FD class of individual plants (r 2 = 0.85) as well as entire cultivars (r 2 = 0.94). We concluded NIR spectroscopy has the potential to estimate FD classes of alfalfa.
A Methodology for Integrating Network Theory and Topic Modeling and its Application to Innovation Diffusion

Text data pertaining to socio-technical networks often are analyzed separately from relational data, or are reduced to the fact and strength of the flow of information between nodes. Disregarding the content of text data for network analysis can limit our understanding of the effects of language use in networks. We present a computational and interdisciplinary methodology that addresses this limitation by combining theory from socio-linguistics with social network analysis and machine learning based text mining: we use network analysis to identify groups of individuals who assume the theoretically grounded roles of change agents and preservation agents. People in these roles differ in their motivation and capability to induce and adopt change in a network. Topic modeling is then constrained to the texts authored by people in these roles. We apply this methodology to a public dataset of about 55,000 research proposals that were granted funding. Our results suggest that the people per role differ in the research domains they work on and the strength of association with those domains that both roles are involved with, but are similar with respect to fulfilling the task or additional role of being a project manager.
At one with the land

When it comes to halting the degradation of our planet, getting back to nature, as this book suggests, will go a long way. But we will still need the trappings of modern technology, says Gordon Conway
Variation of the Position of the Cosmic-Ray Neutron Intensity Maximum with Geomagnetic Latitude

It has been experimentally demonstrated that there exists a maximum in the cosmic-ray neutron intensity when plotted as a function of altitude or pressure. The position of this maximum at various geomagnetic latitudes in the northern hemisphere has been measured by experiments which used balloon-borne unshielded B${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ counters with various enrichments of the ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$ isotope. It has been found that the position of the maximum varies approximately parabolically when plotted as a function of geomagnetic latitude. The range of variation is from about 120 millibars at the equator to about 70 millibars at the north geomagnetic pole. The experimental results are compared with theory.
The “Natural” History of Severe Angina Pectoris with Intensive Medical Therapy Alone: A Five Year Prospective Study of 133 Patients

A prospective study utilizing a comprehensive medical regimen is reported in 133 patients with severe angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. Marked amelioration of pain, increase in exercise tolerance and improvement in ischemic exercise-electrocardiographic patterns were observed in 90.2 percent of the patients in response to titrated doses of propranolol and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate administered concomitantly. The prospects for five-year survival were found to be excellent in patients with good left ventricular function and no adverse clinical signs. The annual mortality in a group of 102 “good risk” patients was only 1.2 percent. In sharp contrast, the yearly attrition rate in subjects with poor left ventricular function approximated 25 percent. The findings indicate that severe angina pectoris which is refractory to casual methods of management frequently responds to an intensive program of optimal medical care. It is only when medical therapy has been pursued with a high degree of enthusiasm and intensity of purpose that the attending physician can gain insight into the true indications for surgical intervention in the various clinical subsets of angina pectoris. Surgical revascularization would appear to have limited application in the treatment of this disease.
SU‐FF‐I‐55: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Methodology Development Using Predicting Transmembrane Proteins by Synergy of Computational and Molecule Biophysics Approaches as An Example

Motivation: We consider developing data mining and knowledge discovery methodology in medical physics is important. We use predicting membrane proteins as an example, because such proteins account for roughly one third of proteins encoded in Human Genome and comparative genomes, and play crucial roles ranging from signal transduction to energy metabolism, but their structures can not be determined well by experimental methods. Since Human Genome had been completely sequenced, function and structure of proteins coded for by Human Genome are not known well. In our attempts to construct methods for automated large‐scale structural and functional annotation of genes and proteins in Human Genome and comparative genomes, the identification of transmembrane proteins is thus an important, but also very difficult task. We used a broad array of techniques that combined computational and biomedical physics approaches for the above task. Results: We developed a hybrid unsupervised‐supervised classifier using new variants of the Self‐ Organizing Feature Map algorithms, in combination with novel Feature Generation, Feature Selection and Ensemble Methods such as Boosting with bagging and boosting with confidence Information. Our combined computational and biomedical physics approaches proved beneficial by showing larger areas in our predictor's ROC curves. We will discuss the effectiveness our synergic approaches, and also provide comparisons to more traditional classifiers such as neural networks,decision trees and support vector machines. The framework that we developed can be broadly applied to other medical physics problems and marks a beginning of methodology development, not only in molecular biophysics and genomics, but also in medical physics.
A Range of CD4 T Cell Tolerance: Partial Inactivation to Organ-Specific Antigen Allows Nondestructive Thyroiditis or Insulitis

Abstract T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice specific for hen egg lysozyme (HEL) were crossed with mice expressing HEL on the thyroid epithelium, on pancreatic islet β cells, or systemically. Depending on the pattern of HEL expression, deletion of double-positive thymocytes ranged from minimal to complete, and peripheral CD4 cells exhibited graded reduction in TCR expression, in vitro responsiveness, and in vivo helper ability. CD4 cells were least tolerant in TCR/thyroid-HEL and TCR/islet-HEL mice, which developed an extensive lymphocytic thyroiditis or insulitis that nevertheless did not eliminate HEL-expressing endocrine cells. Autoreactive CD4 clones thus escape the thymus under a range of circumstances, retain sufficient function to initiate subclinical autoimmune inflammation when self-antigens are concentrated in the thyroid or pancreas, and may regulate progression of subclinical inflammation to destructive autoimmune disease.
Fast learning ear detection for real-time surveillance

Fully automated image segmentation is an essential step for designing automated identification systems. This paper investigates the problem of real-time image segmentation in the context of ear biometrics. The proposed approach is based on Haar features arranged in a cascaded Adaboost classifier. This method, widely known as Viola-Jones in the context of face detection, has a limitation of an extremely long training time, approximately a month. We efficiently implement a modified training / learning method, which significantly reduces training time. This approach is trained about 80 times faster than the original method, and achieves ~ 95% accuracy based on four different test sets (> 2000 profile images for app. 450 persons). The developed ear detection system is very fast and can be used in a real-time surveillance scenario. Experimental results show that the proposed ear detection is robust in the presence of partial occlusion, noise and multiple ears with various resolutions.
An examination of the factorial dimensionality of the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale

Abstract Using a sample of 555 undergraduate students, the present study examined the factorial dimensionality of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS). In particular, using confirmatory factor analysis, the study explored the goodness of fit of both one and two factor models, the latter of which were based upon the work of Paulhus and Reid (1989) . Findings indicate that while both one and two factor models demonstrate many features of adequate fit, the two factor model emerged as superior. The study concludes with a discussion of the meaning of the results and suggestions for future research.
Chlordiazepoxide-fluoxetine interactions on food intake in free-feeding rats ☆

Abstract Chlordiazepoxide, which blocks serotonin turnover, increased food intake; and fluoxetine, a serotonin agonist, decreased food intake. Administration of combinations of the two drugs showed an antagonistic dose-dependent relationship, implicating a satiety or hunger mechanisms which is mediated by serotonin.
The Role of Angioplasty in the Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), an established treatment of arterial stenosis in coronary, renal, and other peripheral sites, is being applied to the cerebrovascular territory with greater frequency. Early results suggest that PTA may be safe and efficacious in the treatment of extracranial arterial stenosis secondary to atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia. PTA is also being used with promising results in treating symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis from atherosclerosis. This review examines PTA in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease, current indications, and results.
Characteristics of Electromagnetic Interference Generated during Discharge of Mylar Samples

This paper discusses the measurements of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated during discharges of Mylar samples. The two components of EMI, the conducted emission and the radiated emission, are characterized by the replacement current and the radiated RF spectrum respectively. The measured radiated RF spectra reveal important information on the source of the electromagnetic radiation. The possible sources are the replacement current pulse and the discharged generated plasma. The scaling of the amplitudes of the EMI, as a function of the area of the test sample, is also discusssed.
Non-drug costs associated with outpatient infliximab administration in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND Infliximab is the most widely used biologic agent for Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), but requires outpatient infusion units due to its intravenous administration requirement.
Vertical ramus osteotomy for improved exposure of the distal internal carotid artery: a new technique.

Access to the internal carotid artery distal to a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the tip of the mastoid process may be compromised (Fig. 1).1 The angle and ramus of the mandible overlie this segment of the distal internal carotid artery (the paraatlantoaxial segment) from a few centimeters after its origin and distally to its entry into the carotid canal. Even when the exposure is sufficient to display the arterial lesion, the mandible obstructs vision of other vital strucmres, especially the cranial nerves in the region, and may compromise surgical maneuvers involved in repair of the vessel. Access may be necessary for repair of traumatic injury to the distal internal carotid or for endarterectomy. Previously recommended aids to exposure have included anterior mandibular -subluxation or dislocation and mandibular osteotomy. Subluxation and dislocation may be associated with inadequate access. Previously recommended osteotomies fail to use modern maxillofacial principles including the use of rigid internal .fixation. The vertical ramus, osteotomy is ideal for allowing improved access to the distal internal carotid artery, can be accomplished through the standard surgical exposure needed for access to the vessel, requires minimal additional surgical time, and is associated with little additional morbidity. The technique recommended requires rigid internal fixation with bone plates, which are adapted to the ramus and. have screw holes drilled before osteotomy to assure exact repositioning of the osteotomized segments.
Geological Age: the Extreme Antiquity of Pegmatites from Manitoba

An inspection of the available data on geological ages determined by the lead method shows that in two areas the pegmatite ages appear to be considerably greater than those of any other Pre-Cambrian pegmatites so far determined. These two areas are located in northern Karelia and south-east Manitoba, Canada.
Numerical Analysis of Active Vibro-Acoustic Control in an Enclosed Cavity

A numerical model is applied to study the application of active vibro-acoustic control in an enclosed cavity. The vibro-acoustic problem is composed of a free-free beam, representing the windshield, coupled with a rectangular planar acoustic cavity, representing the passenger compartment. Forces at the windshield boundaries are actively applied to reduce noise due to floor panel vibrations and sound from a monopole source. Noise transfer functions are used to calculate the control forces based on their ability to minimize the acoustic energy distribution in the total region and within the region of interest. Results show that noise is substantially reduced in the low frequency range accompanied with some reduction at the higher frequencies as well. Results also show that applied forces based on partial area control have more potential in reducing noise within the region of interest than those based on global area control. It was also observed that this control strategy performs better in vibration induced noise problems than in monopole source problems. The proposed model can be applied to noise control problems involving the transmission of vibratory energy into a cavity through fluid-structural coupling that relates structural vibration to cavity acoustics.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Assembly of adherens junctions is required for sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced matriptase accumulation and activation at mammary epithelial cell-cell contacts

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive phospholipid, simultaneously induces actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and activation of matriptase, a membrane-associated serine protease in human mammar...
Flowpath Delineation and Ground Water Age, Allequash Basin, Wisconsin

An analysis of ground water flowpaths to a lake and creek in northern Wisconsin shows the flow system in a geologically simple basin dominated by lakes can be surprisingly complex. Differences in source area, i.e., lakes or terrestrial, combined with the presence of intervening lakes, which may or may not capture underflowing ground water as water moves downgradient from recharge areas, contribute to a complex mix of flowpaths. The result is water of different chemistry and vastly different ages may discharge in close proximity. Flowpaths, travel times, and capture zones in the Allequash Basin in northern Wisconsin were delineated using particle tracking based on a calibrated steady-state ground water flow model. The flowpath analysis supports the conclusions of Walker et al. (2003) who made inferences about flowpath characteristics from isotope and major ion chemistry. Simulated particle tracking agreed with Walker et al.’s measurements of water source (lake or terrestrial recharge) in the stream subsurface and also supported their assertion that ground water with a high calcium concentration in the lower basin of Allequash Lake is derived from long flowpaths. Numerical simulations show that ground water discharging in this area originates more than 5 km away in a source area located upgradient of Big Muskellunge Lake, which is upgradient of Allequash Lake. These results graphically illustrate that in settings with multiple sources of water with different age characteristics and converging flowlines (like the Allequash Basin) it may be difficult to obtain accurate estimates of ground water age by chemical analyses of ground water.
Diagnostic Value of Articulation Tests with Individuals Having Clefts

Articulation testing provides a structure for evaluating children with cleft or velopharyngeal incompetency in a specific manner so that they can be compared with normative data and later to themselve
Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of Phyllophaga georgiana (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in cranberries

A series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments evaluated the entomopatho- genic nematodes Steinernema scarabaei Stock & Koppenhofer, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, and H. zealandica Poinar for control of second- and third- instar cranberry white grub, Phyllophaga georgiana Horn (Coleoptera: Scara- baeidae), in cranberries. Steinernema scarabaei was the most effective species with 76� 100% control at a rate of 2.5 � 10 9 IJ/ha in the greenhouse experiments. H. zealandica and especially H. bacteriophora were generally less effective and required rates of 5� 10 9 IJ/ha for acceptable control. Larval stage had no effect on H. zealandica and H. bacteriophora performance, whereas S. scarabaei was more effective against third instars than second instars in the laboratory but not in the greenhouse experiments. Steinernema scarabaei, should it become commercially available, could be an effective alternative to chemical insecticides for P. georgiana management.
The Effect of Earmarked Revenues On the Level and Composition of Expenditures

This article provides estimates of the impact of earmarked revenues on the level and composition of state expenditures. Examined are four types of state spending —total, elementary and secondary education, highways, and aid to nonschool local governments -and two measures of earmarking -earmarked revenues per capita and earmarked revenues as a share of the favored expenditure category. An extra dollar of earmarked revenues results in either no change in expenditures or in increases in expenditures that are much smaller than a dollar. A greater reliance on earmarking as a share of expenditures results in either no change in spending or lower expenditures.
DL2Go: Editable Digital Libraries in the Pocket

A preliminary framework, termed as DL2Go , that enables editable and portable personal digital libraries is presented. For mobile offline users of digital libraries, DL2Go can: (1) package digital libraries into mobile storage devices such as flash drives, along with needed application softwares (e.g., wiki and DBMS), (2) (de-)compress contents of digital libraries to address storage constraints of mobile users when needed, (3) enables users to add, delete, and update entities of digital libraries using wiki framework, and (4) share/sync edited contents with other DL2Go users and the server using web services and RSS framework.
Response of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory to Emerging (New) and Reemerging Infectious Diseases

Over the past few years, clinical microbiologists have assumed increasing responsibility for the rapid, accurate detection of a diverse number of emerging (new) and reemerging pathogens. Ironically, these responsibilities come at a time when resources are limited and budgets are significantly
Chemistry of organic metals: Synthesis of bis(diseleno alkyl)tetrathiafulvalene, mixed sulfur-selenium analogs of BEDT-TTF

Abstract A general method for the synthesis of mixed sulfur-selenium analogs of bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (ET) starting with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is described. Protecting the tetraseleno-TTF intermediate with trimethylsilylethoxymethyl (SEM) groups provided the key intermediate for the synthesis of ET analogs having the selenium atoms in the outer rings on a tetrathiafulvalene center.
Illegal Chinese Immigration into the United States: A Preliminary Factor Analysis

Since August 1991, a new type of international criminal activity, using oceangoing ships, has appeared. Illegal Chinese immigrants are entering various countries throughout the world, including the United States. This new wave of illegal global migration has promoted several social problems in the countries and areas affected: unauthorized employment, substandard housing, political asylum schemes, and related crimes such as murder, kidnapping, ganging, and prostitution. This article will analyze some of the causal factors that lead to the situation. Furthermore, a theoretical explanation of the “demand and supply/pull and push” model will be discussed. Finally, some countermeasures are offered as policy recommendations to combat or curtail this worldwide smuggling operation. Based on a content analysis and personal interviews with illegal Chinese immigrants, the current article suggests that this new crime phenomenon involves transnational criminal groups. It results from the demand for cheap labor in Chi...
A consistent finite element technique for recovery of distributed reactions and surface tractions

An effective technique is presented for recovering surface tractions and distributed reaction forces from finite element displacement solutions of structural mechanics problems. Nodal values of surface tractions and assumed trial functions are used to represent the distribution of surface stresses. Equations obtained from the familiar Galerkin formulation are used to compute the nodal traction values. The method is demonstrated to be efficient and highly accurate, even in the presence of jump conditions or singularities. Extensions of the method are possible for recovering secondary solution variables in non-structural finite element applications.
Dtwiki: a disconnection and intermittency tolerant wiki

Wikis have proven to be a valuable tool for collaboration and content generation on the web. Simple semantics and ease-of-use make wiki systems well suited for meeting many emerging region needs in the areas of education, collaboration and local content generation. Despite their usefulness, current wiki software does not work well in the network environments found in emerging regions. For example, it is common to have long-lasting network partitions due to cost, power and poor connectivity. Network partitions make a traditional centralized wiki architecture unusable due to the unavailability of the central server. Existing solutions towards addressing connectivity problems include web-caching proxies and snapshot distribution. While proxies and snapshots allow wiki data to be read while disconnected, they prevent users from contributing updates back to the wiki.In this paper we detail the design and implementation of DTWiki, a wiki system which explicitly addresses the problem of operating a wiki system in an intermittent environment. The DTWiki system is able to cope with long-lasting partitions and bad connectivity while providing the functionality of popular wiki software such as MediaWiki and TWiki.
Treatment of Ibuprofen Toxicosis in a Dog with IV Lipid Emulsion

A 3 yr old spayed female mixed-breed dog weighing 19.4 kg was evaluated for ingestion of 1,856 mg/kg (180 tablets) of ibuprofen, a human formulated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). At the time of presentation, the patient was alert and hypersalivating, but her mental status rapidly declined to obtunded, stuporous, and then comatose within 30 min of presentation. Initial treatment included supportive therapy with prostaglandin analogs and antiemetics. An IV lipid emulsion (ILE) was administered as a bolus, followed by a constant rate infusion. Clinical signs began to improve approximately 3 hr after completion of the lipid infusion. The patient required supportive care for 3 days before discharge. This case report demonstrates the use of ILE for treatment of ibuprofen toxicosis in a dog. ILE infusion may be a therapeutic option for patients with toxicosis due to lipid-soluble drugs.
Effects of radiation and charge trapping on the reliability of high-κ gate dielectrics

Abstract The radiation response and long term reliability of alternative gate dielectrics will play a critical role in determining the viability of these materials for use in future space applications. The total dose radiation responses of several near and long term alternative gate dielectrics to SiO 2 are discussed. Radiation results are presented for nitrided oxides, which show no change in interface trap density with dose and oxide trapped charge densities comparable to ultra thin thermal oxides. For aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide gate dielectric stacks, the density of oxide trapped charge is shown to depend strongly on the film thickness and processing conditions. The alternative gate dielectrics discussed here are shown to have effective trapping efficiencies that are up to ∼15 to 20 times larger than thermal SiO 2 of equivalent electrical thickness. A discussion of single event effects in devices and ICs is also provided. It is shown that some alternative gate dielectrics exhibit excellent tolerance to heavy ion induced gate dielectric breakdown. However, it is not yet known how irradiation with energetic particles will affect the long term reliability of MOS devices with high- κ gate dielectrics in a space environment.
Beam-cavity interaction physics for mildly relativistic, intense-beam klystron amplifiers

We examine beam-cavity interaction physics relevant to mildly relativistic, intense-beam klystron amplifiers. This is an interesting but difficult regime of operation, because of the combination of high beam current and low voltage. The advantage of this regime is that it is relatively easy to access high beam powers (and potentially high microwave output powers) at relatively low beam energy. We calculate the effect of the extremely high beam loading in the input and idler cavities. The output cavity's shunt impedance must match the low beam impedance in order to prevent high output gap voltages that will reflect electrons back upstream. This leads to very low cavity Q factors ( >
Performance of serial, matched-filter acquisition with adaptive thresholds in direct-sequence packet communications

In this paper we examine a technique to improve the performance of serial, matched-filter acquisition in direct-sequence spread-spectrum packet radio communications. Each packet transmission includes an acquisition preamble, and the preamble sequence is changed at the boundaries of predefined time epochs based on a pseudorandom sequence generator. The acquisition algorithm considered in this paper exploits knowledge of the preamble sequence employed during each time epoch to adaptively choose the acquisition threshold. The performance of the adaptive-threshold acquisition algorithm is evaluated and compared with one previously considered in Noneaker et al. (2001) in which the threshold is fixed. It is shown that the adaptive-threshold algorithm results in good average performance, even with a large a priori uncertainty in the signal-to-noise ratio. It is also shown that the average performance with the adaptive threshold is superior to that obtained with the fixed-threshold algorithm of Noneaker.
Effects of Marijuana Smoking on the Lung

Regular smoking of marijuana by itself causes visible and microscopic injury to the large airways that is consistently associated with an increased likelihood of symptoms of chronic bronchitis that subside after cessation of use. On the other hand, habitual use of marijuana alone does not appear to lead to significant abnormalities in lung function when assessed either cross-sectionally or longitudinally, except for possible increases in lung volumes and modest increases in airway resistance of unclear clinical significance. Therefore, no clear link to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been established. Although marijuana smoke contains a number of carcinogens and cocarcinogens, findings from a limited number of well-designed epidemiological studies do not suggest an increased risk for the development of either lung or upper airway cancer from light or moderate use, although evidence is mixed concerning possible carcinogenic risks of heavy, long-term use. Although regular marijuana smoking leads t...
Influence of left ventricular diastolic function on vascular and humoral responses to head-up posture in hypertension.

Abstract The left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling rate has been reported to be reduced in hypertensive patients. To investigate the possible influence of altered LV diastolic function in hypertension on peripheral vascular regulation, hemodynamic measurements were obtained in 16 hypertensive patients in the resting supine position and during head-up tilt. The study population included seven men and nine women with an age range of 30 to 62 years (mean, 49.5 years ± 10.6). Measurements included LV peak filling rate ( +dv dt ), LV peak ejection rate ( −dv dt ), LV ejection fraction, heart rate, total peripheral resistance, stroke volume, and cardiac index. Moreover, we calculated the ratio relating left ventricular filling rate to left ventricular ejection rate ( +dv dt −dv dt ) because a complex interaction between ventricular contraction and relaxation is well recognized. We observed that in patients with slow diastolic filling rate (ratio +dv dt −dv dt ), the increase in total peripheral resistance in response to head-up tilt was less marked than in those with normal LV filling rate ( +dv dt −dv dt ≥0.9 ), whereas changes in stroke volume during tilt were not statistically different between the two groups. Conversely, supine resting cardiac index and total peripheral resistance were not significantly different among groups. We conclude that abnormal diastolic filling is associated with abnormal cardiovascular adjustment to changes in body posture. We suggest that the altered response to head-up posture is related to decreased sensitivity of low pressure receptors in the cardiopulmonary area as a result of impaired LV diastolic function. Since impairment of LV diastolic function in hypertension is an early finding and precedes alterations in systolic function, its role in cardiovascular regulation becomes of marked physiologic and clinical importance.
A MODEL OF INTERNATIONAL ASSET PRICING

Abstract In this paper an intertemporal model of international asset pricing is constructed which admits differences in consumption opportunity sets across countries. It is shown that the real expected excess return on a risky asset is proportional to the covariance of the return of that asset with changes in the world real consumption rate. (World real consumption does not, in general, correspond to a basket of commodities consumed by all investors.) The model has no barriers to international investment, but it is compatible with empirical facts which contradict the predictions of earlier models and which seem to imply that asset markets are internationally segmented.
COMMENTS ON A NEO-MEADIAN SOCIOLOGY OF THE MIND

Collins may offer some observations about Mead’s intellectual milieu that merit the attention of those interested in the history of ideas. That I leave for those more familiar with Mead’s social world to assess. But his characterizations and “extensions” of the Meadian framework are of questionable merit. Collins’ title implies an extension of Meadian sociology. But the second paragraph contains the assertions that “Mead is rightly regarded as the standard-bearer for that faction in today’s sociology who oppose . . . scientific generalizations” and “that Mead’s behaviorism is in many respects a ‘vulgar’ behaviorism, characterized by anti-intellectualism.” Assertions of that type will make many of those familiar with Mead wonder which of Mead‘s writings led him to those conclusions. The so-called extension of Mead’s paradigm, among other things, asserts Mead’s “world actually seems to consist of isolated individuals, pursuing their own, rather mundane physical activities. They happen to make gestures to other people, but that is only ancillary to getting their personal ends” and “Utilitarian actions of individuals are primary; social interaction enters merely as means to those ends.” Mead must be spinning in his grave. And, Blumer is likely to come out of his to teach Mr. Collins an elementary lesson in symbolic interaction. Some of the characterizations of Mead‘s thoughts offered by Collins are on target, such as when he notes Mead’s “theory of mind is built up out of social elements.” But those have wide currency among symbolic interactionists; and, they are interwoven with many major distortions, only a few of which will be addressed. The corpus of Mead’s legacy is disorganized and contains many inconsistencies. But one dictum that pervades those statements that address issues related to human conduct is: the social is primary. One of Mead’s objectives was to provide a framework for the scientific study of human conduct, including human thought. Amongst his other undertakings, Mead studied the emerging psychological paradigm of his day and found it wanting. That
The Primate Anthology: Essays on Primate Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation from Natural History

The Primate Anthology: Essays on Primate Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation from Natural History. Russell L. Ciochon and Richard A. Nisbett. eds. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. 246 pp.
Improving personal identification accuracy using multisensor fusion for building access control applications

This paper discusses a multimodal biometric sensor fusion approach for controlling building access. The motivation behind using multimodal biometrics is to improve universality and accuracy of the system. A Bayesian framework is implemented to fuse the decisions received from multiple biometric sensors. The system accuracy improves for a subset of decision fusion rules. The optimal rule is a function of the error cost and a priori probability of an intruder. This Bayesian framework formalizes the design of a system that can adaptively increase or reduce the security level. This is important to systems designed for varying security needs and user access requirements. The additional biometric modes and variable error costs give the system adaptability improving system acceptability. This paper presents the framework using three different biometric systems: voice, face, and hand biometric systems.
Prediction of Attributional Consequences in an Actual Achievement Setting.

Abstract One hundred ninety-six undergraduates who received feedback on a midterm examination participated in this study. A random subgroup formed a cross-validation sample. Through the use of regression analysis, it was found that both objective and subjective performance ratings did not predict subjects' expectancy ratings but did substantially predict their ratings of pride/shame. Inclusion of attributions enhanced prediction of expectancy but not pride/shame ratings of subjects. On the basis of the findings from this study, a partial reformulation of Weiner's attributional model was proposed. In addition, numerous methodological concerns associated with attributional research were examined.
Kinetics of Death of Bacterial Spores at Elevated Temperatures

The kinetics of death of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores (FS 7954) suspended in phosphate buffer (pH 7) were studied over a temperature range of 127.2 to 143.8 C and exposure times of 0.203 to 4.150 sec. These short exposure were achieved by use of a tubular flow reactor in which a suspension of spores was injected into a hot flowing stream at the entrance of the reactor. Thermal equilibria of the suspension with the hot stream was achieved within 0.0006 sec. After flow through a fixed length of reactor, the stream containing the spores was cooled by flash vaporization and then assayed for viable count. The death rate data were fitted by a logarithmic expression. However, logarithmic death rate was only approximated in the tail or high-kill regions of exposure. Death rate constants obtained from this portion of the data were found to correlate by Arrhenius as well as Absolute Reaction Rate Theory relationships. Thermal-death time curves were found to correlate the data rather poorly. The activation energy and frequency constant for an Arrhenius relationship fit of the data were found to be 83.6 kcal/gmole and 1047.2 min-1, respectively. The standard enthalpy and entropy changes for an Absolute Reaction Rate Theory relationship fit of the data were found to be 84.4 kcal/gmole and 157 cal/gmole-K, respectively.
Interpolation and Approximation

In this chapter we first consider the general problem of finite interpolation. Then we study the related problems of simultaneous approximation and interpolation (SAI), simultaneous approximation and norm-preservation (SAN), simultaneous interpolation and norm-preservation (SIN), and simultaneous approximation and interpolation with norm-preservation (SAIN).
Coronary microvascular protection with Mg2+: effects on intracellular calcium regulation and vascular function

The use of Mg2+-supplemented hyperkalemic cardioplegia preserves microvascular function. However, the mechanism of this beneficial action remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of Mg...
MIR494 reduces renal cancer cell survival coinciding with increased lipid droplets and mitochondrial changes

miRNAs can regulate cellular survival in various cancer cell types. Recent evidence implicates the formation of lipid droplets as a hallmark event during apoptotic cell death response. It is presently unknown whether MIR494, located at 14q32 which is deleted in renal cancers, reduces cell survival in renal cancer cells and if this process is accompanied by changes in the number of lipid droplets. 769-P renal carcinoma cells were utilized for this study. Control or MIR494 mimic was expressed in these cells following which cell viability (via crystal violet) and apoptotic cell numbers (via Annexin V/PI staining) were assessed. By western blotting, MIR494 cellular responses were validated using MIR494 antagomir and Argonaute 2 siRNA. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed in MIR494-transfected 769-P cells to identify ultrastructural changes. LipidTOX green neutral lipid staining and cholesterol measurements were conducted to assess accumulation of lipids droplets and total cholesterol levels, respectively, in MIR494 expressing 769-P cells. Indirect immunofluorescence and western analyses were also performed to examine changes in mitochondria organization. Co-transfection of MIR494 mimic with siRNA targeting LC3B and ATG7 was conducted to assess their contribution to formation of lipid droplets in MIR494-expressing cells. MIR494 expression reduces viability of 769-P renal cancer cells; this was accompanied by increased cleaved PARP (an apoptotic marker) and LC3B protein. Further, expression of MIR494 increased LC3B mRNA levels and LC3B promoter activity (2.01-fold; 50 % increase). Interestingly, expression of MIR494 markedly increased multilamellar bodies and lipid droplets (by TEM and validated by LipidTOX immunostaining) while reducing total cholesterol levels. Via immunocytochemistry, we observed increased LC3B-associated endogenous punctae upon MIR494 expression. In contrast to ATG7 siRNA, knockdown of LC3B reduced the numbers of lipid droplets in MIR494-expressing cells. Our results also identified that MIR494 expression altered the organization of mitochondria which was accompanied by co-localization with LC3B punctae, decreased PINK1 protein, and altered Drp1 intracellular distribution. Collectively, our findings indicate that MIR494 reduces cell survival in 769-P renal cancer cells which is accompanied by increased lipid droplet formation (which occurs in a LC3B-dependent manner) and mitochondrial changes.
Peering through the Curtain: Soviet Computing through the Eyes of Western Experts

During its initial decades, computing emerged as a key technology of the Cold War. Due to a largely unidirectional flow of information into, but not out of, the Soviet Union, Western policy analysts who were wary of the growing Soviet computing prowess sought intelligence from numerous sources. Based on an examination of trip reports from Western computer experts who had visited the Soviet Union, this article looks at the interaction between Western computer specialists and their Soviet counterparts during the height of the Cold War. It describes how these interactions helped to shape and confront American perceptions of Soviet computing and the threats it posed to the West. The previously unexplored first-hand perspectives offered in these largely forgotten trip reports help to illuminate the West's fascination and fear of computer technology behind the Iron Curtain.
Pelletization studies of ultra-fine clean coal

Handling of fine coal is an importance issue for coal as well as the utility industry. Reconstitution in the form of a pellet or briquette would be desirable if it could be done economically. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of three binders e.g., asphalt-emulsion, corn starch and Brewex, in forming pellets of ultra-fine clean coal. It was fond that asphalt emulsion and corn starch were not effective binders for ultra-fine clean coal, however, Brewex provided excellent quality of pellets, which exceeded all the minimum quality requirements of coal pellets.
The time has finally arrived: use of intravital microscopy in the airway circulation

the study by Lim et al., one of this issue's articles in focus (Ref. [6][1]a, see p. L959), provides important new information on the potential use of intravital microscopy in evaluating the inflammatory response in postcapillary venules of the rat trachea. The pulmonary, mesentery, cheek pouch, and