cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POTASSIUM CURRENTS IN PRESYNAPTIC HAIR CELLS OF HERMISSENDA

Apart from their primary function as balance sensors, Hermissenda hair cells are presynaptic neurons involved in the Ca(2+)-dependent neuronal plasticity in postsynaptic B photoreceptors that accompanies classical conditioning. With a view to beginning to understand presynaptic mechanisms of plasticity in the vestibulo-visual system, a locus for conditioning-induced neuronal plasticity, outward currents that may govern the excitability of hair cells were recorded by means of a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Three K+ currents were characterized: a 4-aminopyridine-sensitive transient outward K+ current (IA), a tetraethyl ammonium-sensitive delayed rectifier K+ current (IK,V), and a Ca(2+)-activated K+ current (IK,Ca). IA activates and decays rapidly; the steady-state activation and inactivation curves of the current reveal a window current close to the apparent resting voltage of the hair cells, suggesting that the current is partially activated at rest. By modulating firing frequency and perhaps damping membrane oscillations, IA may regulate synaptic release at baseline. In contrast, IK,V and IK,Ca have slow onset and exhibit little or no inactivation. These two K+ currents may determine the duration of the repolarization phase of hair-cell action potentials and hence synaptic release via Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. In addition, IK,Ca may be responsible for the afterhyperpolarization of hair cell membrane voltage following prolonged stimulation.
Unified space vector PWM control for current source inverter

This paper presents two modulation methods for current source inverter both in SVPWM point of view: Discontinuous-PWM (DPWM) and Continuous-SVPWM (CSVPWM), and proposed the third method Pulse-Width-Amplitude-Modulation (PWAM), also based on SVPWM theory. Different switching sequences of DPWM are proposed and compared. The Double Fourier Series equations and integration limits for both DPWM and PWAM are given. A THD and switching loss comparison has been conducted between all methods. Simulation results are given for all methods to demonstrate the theory analysis.
Natural forest management in Sahelian ecosystems of southern Niger

During the previous decade management plans have been developed to utilize rationally the natural ecosystems of the Sahel. This paper discusses Guesselbodi Forest, one of the first natural reserves placed under intensive management, in relation to general trends in the Sahel and natural patterns of forest change and structure. Successional patterns, open areas, and the role of fire and grazing are emphasized in developing recommendations for improved forest management. Modifications of current practices can further enhance natural forest management in the Sahel.
A Weibull analysis of center cracked panel crack growth data of a 0.400.50 carbon steel

Abstract A four parameter Weibull survivorship equation is applied in the analysis of fatigue-crack growth data of two microstructures of a 0.40/0.50 carbon steel. A new method of optimizing variables in conjunction with standard linear regression analysis is discussed in terms of fitting curves to crack growth rate data of center cracked panels. A simpler form of this method is applied in the analysis of compliance data for the same center cracked panels. It is determined that these curve fitting methods provide curves extremely representative of the data. Thus, utilization of these techniques will provide a more accurate method of fatigue life prediction from fatigue-crack growth data.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE EARLY TERTIARY FOSSIL RECORD OF THE SALVINIACEAE

A B S T R A C T Megaspores and massulae of Azolla, Azollopsis, and Salvinia are recorded from the Paleocene and Eocene of Montana and the Dakotas. Three new species of Azolla are described and two species of Azolla are redescribed. The columella of the floating apparatus of the megaspore apparatuses of Azolla appears to be a phylogenetic localization of the perispore around the megaspore. A new section of Azolla (section Kremastospora) is created for species whose megaspore apparatuses have many floats and whose massulae have hooked (anchor-shaped) glochidia. Salvinia preauriculata is based only on leaf remains from the Eocene of North America. Megaspores and massulae which probably are conspecific with the leaf remains are described. The megaspores and massulae of t.he fossil species are much smaller than those of the living species, S. auriculata, with which S. preauricutlata has been compared. The similar size of the megaspores and massulae of the fossil species suggests a less specialized condition than in living species, where these two structures differ greatly in size. Azollopsis tomentosa, previously known from the late Cretaceous. has been found in the Eocene. THE SALVINIACEAE includes three genera of aouatic ferns: Azolla, Salvinia, and Azollopsis, of which the third was first found in the Upper Cretaceous (Hall, 1968). The other two genera have many living and fossil species, but there are no Dre-Cretaceous fossils of this family. Azolla contains six living species, two of which have a Pleistocene fossil record. Besides these
Performance of a mixed-waste landfill amid geologic uncertainty—learning from a case study: Altamont Hills, California, U.S.A.

This paper presents a case study that illustrates how geologic factors, which are not always obvious without extensive study, may hamper later landfill performance. The site is Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) site 300. Two unlined landfills, opened in 1958, and 1968, contain small amounts of tritium, uranium-238, lead, and beryllium in a vast proportion of inert materials (gravel, wood, and plastic). Groundwater analyses indicate that tritium at activities up to 600,000 picoCuries per liter (pCi/l) is present in two plumes beneath and adjacent to the landfills within a perched water-bearing zone. The affected water-bearing zone averages 2 m in thickness and occurs within the late Miocene Neroly Formation, which is composed of feldspathic sandstones and siltstones and interbedded claystones and conglomerates. Scanning election microscopy (SEM) analysis indicates that diagenetic clays have occluded the porosity of much of the sandstones. However, abundant fractures appear to provide permeability. Depth to the water table fluctuates greatly beneath the site but averages about 10 m. In the past, following heavy rains, groundwater levels rose into the landfill bottoms and mobilized the tritium. Rapid recharge and rise of water levels appear to have been enhanced by the funnelling of surface water by topography, direct infiltration through fractures and permeable landfill materials, and the low permeability of the geologic materials that comprise the water-bearing zone. These and other hydrogeologic conditions contributed to groundwater contact with landfill materials but were not known before landfill construction. Such information is important for siting landfills in the current regulatory environment. Contaminant transport modeling indicates that even if the perched water-bearing zone were continuous to the site 300 boundary, tritium activities would undergo radioactive decay to background levels by the time the tritiated water could reach the site boundary.
High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy Reveals Structure of Lipoprotein flpp3

Characterization of membrane proteins continues to be an enormous challenge in the field of structural biology compared to their soluble counterparts. Membrane proteins require the presence of a detergent micelle to protect the hydrophobic-exposed residues that are, under native conditions, inserted into a membrane. This provides challenging hurdles for expression, purification, and structural determination. However, for some lipoproteins and in the case of flpp3 from Francisella tularensis, the hydrophilic domain of the protein can be expressed and purified separately from the transmembrane domain. Flpp3 contains a single transmembrane helix at the N-terminus and therefore this technique allows for structural investigation of the majority of the protein without the necessity of a detergent micelle. In this study we report the results of expression, purification, biophysical characterization and NMR analysis of the soluble domain of flpp3 (flpp3-Sol). Sufficient quantities of pure flpp3-Sol are obtained via recombinant expression in E. coli cells followed by purification via Ni-NTA chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Monodispersity and global secondary structure is investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and circular dichroism (CD) respectively. NMR studies report local secondary structure via secondary chemical shifts and are used to generate a structure-model using CS-ROSETTA. Structures generated from NMR data are compared to structures in the Protein Data Bank using the Dali server and provide insight into possible protein function. The structure of flpp3-Sol is similar to the C-terminal domain of the lipoprotein bamC from E coli, a protein important for the insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane of cells via the BAM complex; and as of yet unidentified in F tularensis.
The Use of Merit Functions Based on Wavefront Aberrations in Automatic Lens Design

Three types of merit functions were applied in automatic design of optical systems: mean square value of wave aberrations; variance of wavefront aberrations; and variance of an MTF based function suggested by H. H. Hopkins. They have proved to be very powerful in the final stages of optimization of well corrected systems and lend themselves readily to automatic control of minimization. The method of application and actual design examples are described.
Age, Education, and the Sense of Control: A Test of the Cumulative Advantage Hypothesis

Recent U.S. surveys indicate that older people report a lower sense of control. Moreover, education and impairment explain some of that association. What explains the rest? The author proposes that...
Max on Moore

I first met Max Black in 1952 when I was teaching at the University of Oregon, and though we corresponded a bit during the next two decades, it was only in the period 1973-1986 that I began to interact with him regularly. To a great extent, Henri Lauener was the catalyst that made this association possible by inviting us to be participants in the international conferences held in Biel every two years. Independently of our Biel relationship, I also arranged for Max to visit the University of California at San Diego twice during this period. We frequently talked philosophy together on these occasions, interchanges that I both enjoyed and learned from. Max was sharp, mordantly witty, irreverent, deeply committed to the philosophical enterprise, and with a genuine talent for finding just the right word or phrase to characterize some concept or notion. It was Max, for instance, who hearing me describe the role that surfaces play in helping ordinary human beings organize the world in prototopological ways recommended that I call this notion "the geometry of ordinary speech". I am pleased to say that when my book, Surfaces, was published just before his death in 1988 it did prominently display his suggestion. The last conversation we had was in 1986 in Biel and was about G. E. Moore. It was a long discussion that I still remember well, and it has inspired, for reasons that will quickly become clear, the paper that follows. Max had known Moore and admired him, but not without serious reservations. He felt that Moore's work exhibited a tension whose components were profound insights deriving from common sense, on the one hand, and a surprising philosophical naivete, on the other. At the end of our discussion, he mentioned
Full wave and physical optics solutions for scattered radiation fields by rough surfaces-energy and reciprocity relationships

Full wave and physical optics solutions for the scattered radiation fields from rough surfaces are compared. The full wave solutions involve complete expansions of the fields and exact boundary conditions. The solutions for the radiation fields axe provided in a form that can be readily compared with earlier solutions to the problem, and they can be applied directly to engineering problems without the need to carry out any of the analytic procedures encountered in the derivations. The surface impedance concept, reciprocity, and energy conservation relationships are considered in detail, and special consideration is given to grazing incidence and excitation at the Brewster angle. This work on irregular ground effects on radio wave propagation is relevant to problems of communication, navigation, and active remote sensing.
Mn porphyrin in combination with ascorbate acts as a pro-oxidant and mediates caspase-independent cancer cell death

Resistance to therapy-mediated apoptosis in inflammatory breast cancer, an aggressive and distinct subtype of breast cancer, was recently attributed to increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, glutathione (GSH) content, and decreased accumulation of reactive species. In this study, we demonstrate the unique ability of two Mn(III) N-substituted pyridylporphyrin (MnP)-based SOD mimics (MnTE-2-PyP(5+) and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP(5+)) to catalyze oxidation of ascorbate, leading to the production of excessive levels of peroxide, and in turn cell death. The accumulation of peroxide, as a consequence of MnP+ascorbate treatment, was fully reversed by the administration of exogenous catalase, showing that hydrogen peroxide is essential for cell death. Cell death as a consequence of the action of MnP+ascorbate corresponded to decreases in GSH levels, prosurvival signaling (p-NF-κB, p-ERK1/2), and in expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, the most potent caspase inhibitor. Although markers of classical apoptosis were observed, including PARP cleavage and annexin V staining, administration of a pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, did not reverse the observed cytotoxicity. MnP+ascorbate-treated cells showed nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor, suggesting the possibility of a mechanism of caspase-independent cell death. Pharmacological ascorbate has already shown promise in recently completed phase I clinical trials, in which its oxidation and subsequent peroxide formation was catalyzed by endogenous metalloproteins. The catalysis of ascorbate oxidation by an optimized metal-based catalyst (such as MnP) carries a large therapeutic potential as an anticancer agent by itself or in combination with other modalities such as radio- and chemotherapy.
The "dumb cop": myth or reality? An examination of police intelligence.

Summary Previous research on police intelligence has largely been confined to the study of new recruits who are just entering police work. Conflicting results have frequently been reported since police selection procedures appear to vary substantially from year to year as a result of criminal, economic, social, and other factors. Using policemen of varying experience, this study found both college and non-college police to be of higher IQ than the general population. Also, college educated police (IQ=115) obtained scores only slightly (though significantly) higher than non-college police (IQ=110). The findings do not support the stereotyped notion of the “dumb cop.”
The Effects of Different Types of Praise and Criticism on Performance

Abstract It has been suggested that praise does not reinforce performance in a straightforward manner but that the type of praise affects the manner in which praise is cognitively processed, and the manner in which praise is processed affects how it influences performance. A similar perspective can be taken on the effects of criticism. This research examines four types of evaluation — specific product praise, general actor praise, specific product criticism, and general actor criticism — and the effects of these evaluations on performance. Results indicate that for both praise and criticism, the type of evaluation significantly affects whether the actor improves in, declines in, or maintains performance. The effects of cognitive processes on performance are discussed briefly.
Neural network approach to separate the non-algal absorption coefficient into dissolved and particulate

We present a method for the separation of the non-algal absorption coefficient into its independent components of dissolved species and non-algal particulate absorptions from remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) measurements in the visible part of the spectrum. This separation is problematic due to the similar absorption spectra of these substances. Due to this complication, we approach the problem by constructing a neural network which relates the remote sensing reflectance at the available MODIS visible wavelengths (412, 443, 488, 531, 547 and 667nm) with the ratio of the absorption coefficient of non-algal particulates to the absorption coefficient of dissolved species, thereby permitting analytical separation of the total non-algal absorption into particulate and dissolved components. The resulting synthetically trained algorithm is tested on simulated data as well as independently on the NASA Bio-Optical Marine Algorithm Data set (NOMAD). Very good agreement is obtained, with R2 values of 87% and 78% for the non-algal particulate and dissolved absorption components, respectively for the NOMAD. Finally, we apply the algorithm to MODIS data and present global distributions for these parameters.
Force analysis of a laser beam incident on a fluid jet

For the purposes of investigating the use of a small perturbation to control the break up of a fluid jet, an analysis was performed which describes the force incident on a fluid jet due to radiation pressure. Two cases were addressed; one which considers only reflection, as occurs when the fluid is opaque, and one in which reflection and a subsequent transmission are considered, as when the fluid is semitransparent. The results show that in both cases, for a well focused laser beam, a finite force can be obtained which is not critically influenced by the location of the laser beam with respect to the fluid jet.
Formation of 1,24-24-trihydroxyvitamin D3 from 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Abstract Incubation of [26,27-3H2]-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with kidney homogenates from rats fed a high (3%) calcium vitamin D-supplemented diet results in the production of a more polar metabolite which cochromatographs with 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3. On the other hand, incubation with kidney homogenates from vitamin D-deficient or calcium-deficient rats did not produce the polar metabolite. Mitochondria but not microsomes carry out the reaction and evidence has been produced to demonstrate that the 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 can be produced in vivo from either 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as previously reported.
The mechanism of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade-induced elevation of arterial blood pressure in rats

Beta-adrenergic blockade increases peripheral vascular resistances acutely and paradoxically lowers arterial blood pressure in most species but not in the rat. In this study the hypothesis has been tested of a significant participation of unopposed alpha-adrenergic mediated vasoconstriction following beta-adrenergic blockade in blood pressure regulation of conscious rats. Alpha-adrenergic blockade in propranolol-pretreated rats significantly decreased mean arterial blood pressure by 22%, heart rate by 20%, and total peripheral resistance by 14% when compared to rats treated only with propranolol, whereas cardiac output was similar in the two groups. A significant 28% reduction of coronary blood flow in rats treated with alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers, when compared to rats treated only with propranolol, is most likely related to phentolamine's indirect effects on the coronary vasculature. Cerebrovascular and renovascular resistances were similar in these groups. All changes reported were significant at the 95% confidence level. It is concluded that the mechanism of increased blood pressure following beta-adrenergic blockade in rats is related at least in part to unmasking of unopposed alpha-receptor tone, which, however, is minimal in the coronary, cerebral and renal circulations.
Academic Autonomy for Adult Degree Programs: Independence with Integration.

North Park University's adult program has moved steadily from a centralized governance structure toward a more distributed structure in many ways. The School of Adult Learning hires its own faculty, some of whom are full time in the adult program. The school also has autonomy over academic policy. Ultimately, this academic autonomy has fostered more effective and meaningful integration of the School of Adult Learning into the wider institution of North Park University.
‘Through thousands of errors we reach the truth’—but how? On the epistemic roles of error in scientific practice

This essay is concerned with the epistemic roles of error in scientific practice. Usually, error is regarded as something negative, as an impediment or obstacle for the advancement of science. However, we also frequently say that we are learning from error. This common expression suggests that the role of error is not - at least not always - negative but that errors can make a fruitful contribution to the scientific enterprise. My paper explores the latter possibility. Can errors play an epistemically productive role in scientific research? The paper begins with a review of several twentieth-century approaches to error and the various agendas behind them. It is shown that only very few scholars have considered whether errors can be productive. The main part of the paper examines a concrete debate in early nineteenth-century on this material, the article offers some terminological clarifications of the common notion 'learning from error'. The conclusion argues that error can indeed play epistemically productive roles in scientific practice.
Toward understanding the limits of gait recognition

Most state of the art video-based gait recognition algorithms start from binary silhouettes. These silhouettes, defined as foreground regions, are usually detected by background subtraction methods, which results in holes or missed parts due to similarity of foreground and background color, and boundary errors due to video compression artifacts. Errors in low-level representation make it hard to understand the effect of certain conditions, such as surface and time, on gait recognition. In this paper, we present a part-level, manual silhouette database consisting of 71 subjects, over one gait cycle, with differences in surface, shoe-type, carrying condition, and time. We have a total of about 11,000 manual silhouette frames. The purpose of this manual silhouette database is twofold. First, this is a resource that we make available at http://www.GaitChallenge.org for use by the gait community to test and design better silhouette detection algorithms. These silhouettes can also be used to learn gait dynamics. Second, using the baseline gait recognition algorithm, which was specified along with the HumanID Gait Challenge problem, we show that performance from manual silhouettes is similar and only sometimes better than that from automated silhouettes detected by statistical background subtraction. Low performances when comparing sequences with differences in walking surfaces and time-variation are not fully explained by silhouette quality. We also study the recognition power in each body part and show that recognition based on just the legs is equal to that from the whole silhouette. There is also significant recognition power in the head and torso shape.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Selective oxidation of propylene by O2 with visible light in a zeolite

Propylene and O2 loaded into zeolite BaY were found to react upon irradiation with green or blue light in a single photon process. In situ monitoring by FT-infrared spectroscopy showed that allyl hydroperoxide is the predominant product at −100°C. At room temperature, acrolein, propylene oxide, and allyl hydroperoxide were observed in comparable amounts. The aldehyde and epoxide are shown to emerge from secondary thermal chemistry of the allyl hydroperoxide photoproduct. The selectivity in terms of the hydroperoxide photoproduct is very high (98% at room temperature) even at high propylene conversion. Diffuse reflectance spectra show that access to the mild oxidation path is made possible by a zeolite-induced shift of the propylene O2 charge-transfer absorption from the UV into the visible region.
Using automatic persistent memoization to facilitate data analysis scripting

Programmers across a wide range of disciplines (e.g., bioinformatics, neuroscience, econometrics, finance, data mining, information retrieval, machine learning) write scripts to parse, transform, process, and extract insights from data. To speed up iteration times, they split their analyses into stages and write extra code to save the intermediate results of each stage to files so that those results do not have to be re-computed in every subsequent run. As they explore and refine hypotheses, their scripts often create and process lots of intermediate data files. They need to properly manage the myriad of dependencies between their code and data files, or else their analyses will produce incorrect results.To enable programmers to iterate quickly without needing to manage intermediate data files, we added a set of dynamic analyses to the programming language interpreter so that it automatically memoizes (caches) the results of long-running pure function calls to disk, manages dependencies between code and on-disk data, and later re-uses memoized results, rather than re-executing those functions, when guaranteed safe to do so. We created an implementation for Python and show how it enables programmers to iterate faster on their data analysis scripts while writing less code and not having to manage dependencies between their code and datasets.
Novel, structure-based mechanism for uridylylation of the genome-linked peptide (VPg) of picornaviruses.

The VPg peptide, which is found in poliovirus infected cells either covalently bound to the 5′-end of both plus and minus strand viral RNA, or in a uridylylated free form, is essential for picornavirus replication. Combining experimental structure and mutation results with molecular modeling suggests a new mechanism for VPg uridylylation, which assigns an additional function, that of scaffold, to the polymerase. The polarity of the NMR structure of VPg is complementary to the binding site on the surface of poliovirus polymerase determined previously by mutagenesis. Docking VPg at this position places the reactive tyrosinate close to the 5′-end of Poly(A)7 RNA when this is bound with its 3′-end in the active site of the polymerase. The triphosphate tail of a UTP moiety, base paired with the 5′-end of the RNA, projects back over the Tyr3-OH and is held in position by conserved positively charged side-chains of VPg. Other conserved residues mediate binding to the polymerase surface and serve as ligands for metal ion catalyzed transphosphorylation. Additional viral proteins or a second polymerase molecule may aid in stabilizing the components of the reaction. In the model complex, VPg can direct its own uridylylation before entering the polymerase active site. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fetal abdominal echogenic mass: an early sign of intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection.

Background Recent advances in ultrasound technology have made it possible to diagnose fetal diseases much earlier in pregnancy. Reports have indicated that intrauterine infections, specifically cytomegalovirus, can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound. Case We encountered two cases in which cytomegalovirus infection was associated with hyperechoic areas in the fetal abdomen. Conclusion Hyperechoic areas in the fetal abdomen may be an early sign of fetal cytomegalovirus infection. Persistence of this sign may indicate a mild form of infection. Disappearance of these hyperechoic areas in subsequent ultrasonographic examinations and development of other ultrasound signs may indicate severe infection and poor prognosis.
Moving Beyond Pedagogy to Andragogy: Experimental Learning Exercises for Tourism/Hospitality Executive Training

Purpose – The purpose of this editorial is to introduce eight training exercises developed for tourism executive decision making.Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces the papers in this special issue and discusses the need for experiential learning techniques for adult learners.Findings – It was found that applied learning exercises are more effective than cognitive learning experiences in adult education.Originality/value – The paper provides an introduction to experiential learning exercises for tourism and hospitality training.
Performance evaluation of Prioritized CSMA protocol for single-channel Roadside-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication systems

Vehicle Safety Communications (VSC) using Roadside-to-Vehicle (R2V) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications have attracted much attention for recent years. In Japan, a single 10MHz bandwidth channel on 700MHz band is allocated for VSC. Therefore, R2V and V2V communications have to share the same channel. Additionally, R2V communications require higher quality than V2V communications. Therefore, interference from V2V to R2V communications caused by the hidden terminal problem is a critical issue. This paper proposes Prioritized-CSMA (PR-CSMA) protocol which can reduce interference from V2V to R2V communications by dividing time into R2V slots and V2V slots. To achieve this, RSU distributes R2V slot information (SI) to OBEs within a communication range. Furthermore, to deliver the SI to hidden terminals, OBEs that received the SI forward it to other OBEs. We evaluate two different SI distribution schemes and show that the proposed protocol has capability to reduce interference from V2V communications.
Psychiatric rehabilitation technology: Operationalizing the “Black Box” of the psychiatric rehabilitation process

Psychiatric rehabilitation technology helps practitioners involve their consumers more fully in the process, act more forcefully on their behalf, and more accurately document the process and its outcomes.
Structural characterization of murine ia antigen n-linked oligosaccharides and localization of specific structures to two unique α-chain glycosylation sites

Abstract The sequence of N-linked oligosaccharides of differentially glycosylated murine I-Ak α- (α2- and α3-) and β-chains was determined. I-Ak β-chains predominantly bear a biantennary complex oligosaccharide with a core fucose, and with the peripheral sequence SA→Gal→GlcNAc→Man. The I-Ak α-chain has two N-linked glycosylation sites at Asn-82 and Asn-122. When Lubrol-insoluble α3-chains are examined they are found to bear high-mannose oligosaccharides of either the Man9GlcNAc2 or Man8GlcNAc2 type at both sites. When Lubrol-soluble α2-chains are examined, in about 85% of the molecules the Asn-82 site bears a biantennary complex oligosaccharide with core fucose, and with the peripheral sequence SA→Gal→GlcNAc→Man. Interestingly, the Asn-122 site bears a variety of structures. In about 50% of the molecules, the structure at Asn-122 is a biantennary complex oligosaccharide without core fucose and with the peripheral sequence SA→Gal→GlcNAc→Man. In addition, it can bear other complex structures which we did not define further. The apparently restricted addition of fucose to the oligosaccharide at the α-Asn-82 site, even when both α-sites bear biantennary complex structures with the same peripheral sequence, is a feature unique to this system. The unusual variety of structures present at the α-Asn-122 site may indicate differential processing in different cell types.
Deviations from the Curie-law variation of magnetic susceptibility in antiferromagnetic nanoparticles

The temperature variation of the low-field magnetic susceptibility \ensuremath{\chi} for antiferromagnetic nanoparticles of ferritin and ferrihydrite in the superparamagnetic regime is shown to follow the equation $\ensuremath{\chi}={\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}+(C/T).$ The theoretical basis for this equation is the low-field limit of the modified Langevin variation of the magnetization M given by ${M=M}_{0}\mathcal{L}({\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}{H/k}_{B}T)+{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{a}H$ (H is the applied field, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}$ is the magnetic moment/particle, and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{a}$ is the antiferromagnetic susceptibility of the core). Self-consistent values of C, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p},$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{0}$ are obtained for ferritin and ferrihydrite nanoparticles.
Cylindrical internal reflectance (CIR) evidence for the facile fragmentation of PhCCO3(CO)7(cis-Ph2PCHCHPPh2) during the hydroformylation of 1-pentene

The hydroformylation of 1-pentene has been examined with the catalyst precursor PhCCo3(CO)7(LL) (where LL=cis-Ph2PCHCHPPh2) under mild batch conditions at 130°C and 600 psi H2/CO (1:1). Extensive cluster fragmentation is observed at the end of the hydroformylation reaction based on the isolation of the initially charged cluster in < 10% yield. Cylindrical internal reflectance (CIR) spectroscopy has been used to study the stability of the PhCCo3(CO)7(LL) cluster and the nature of cluster fragmentation species present in the working catalyst solution. Cluster fragmentation to [Co(CO)4]− occurs early in the reaction prior to alkene hydroformylation, followed by the formation of the phosphine-substituted complexes [Co(CO)3(LL)]+ and [Co(CO)2(LL)]−. The CIR data allow for the timing of the fragmentation of the cluster to be assigned with confidence and support the batch reaction data regarding the extensive fragmentation cluster observed. The effect of the ancillary phosphine ligand on the stability of the initially charged cluster is discussed and the CIR data is compared with the results obtained from the parent cluster PhCCo3(CO)9 under similar conditions.
Retrofitting a Missouri Steel Baghouse

A typical industrial steel structure located near Kansas City, Missouri, is reviewed for structural integrity. The structure provides support to heavy production equipment and is in the last stage of construction. The review finds this facility structurally unsound because of excessive lateral displacements. It is in danger of collapsing under the combined effect of dead load, heavy load, and peak wind load. Although it appears more economical to rebuild the structure, for political reasons the manufacturer rules out the rebuild option. As a result, an extensive retrofit effort is conducted to the structure immediately following the review. This paper discusses some of the review findings and the challenges they pose for the retrofit effort. It describes the strategy used to address or circumvent some of the difficulties. The behaviors of the structure before and after the retrofit are compared to illustrate the basic concept and the effectiveness of the retrofit effort.
Local feature matching using entropic graphs

We present a general framework for image discrimination based on identifying small, localized differences between images. Our novel matching scheme is based on an alternate information divergence criterion, the Renyi /spl alpha/-entropy. The minimum spanning tree (MST) is used to derive a direct estimate of /spl alpha/-entropy over a feature set defined by basis features extracted from images using independent component analysis (ICA). The MST provides a stable unbiased estimate of local entropy to identify sites of local mismatch between images. Sub-image blocks are ranked over a set of local deformations spanning small image regions. We demonstrate improved sensitivity to local changes for matching and registration and provide a framework for tracking features of interest in images.
Ginger: implementing a new Lisp family syntax

In this paper we introduce G-expressions, a new syntax based on the S-expression syntax utilized by most Lisp family languages. We have implemented a new homoiconic language, Ginger, based on this syntax and a Smalltalk inspired object system. Like the Scheme language, Ginger employs only a few special forms and observes a minimalist discipline allowing users to define functions that act like the primitive forms in many Algol-like languages. But unlike Scheme, G-expressions allow Ginger to emulate the aesthetic feel of an Algol-like language syntax. While fundamentally a dialect of Lisp, Ginger implements an attractive modern syntax which can superficially resemble Python or Ruby. This syntactic flexibility exemplifies Ginger's true power as a tool for developing task or domain-specific micro-languages.
Practicality of using galvanic skin response to measure intraoperative physiologic autonomic activation in operating room team members.

Background Physiologic and psychological stress are commonly experienced by operating room (OR) personnel, yet there is little research about the stress levels in OR teams and their impact on performance. Previously published procedures to measure physiologic activation are invasive and impractical for the OR. The purpose of this study was to determine the practicality of a new watch-sized device to measure galvanic skin response (GSR) in OR team members during high-fidelity surgical simulations. Methods Interprofessional OR teams wore sensors on the wrist (all) and ankle (surgeons and scrub nurses/technicians) during the orientation, case, and debriefing phases for 17 simulations of a surgical airway case. Data were compared across all simulation phases, collectively and for each professional group. Results Forty anesthesiology residents, 35 surgery residents, 27 OR nurses, 12 surgical technicians, and 7 CRNAs participated. Collectively, mean wrist GSR levels significantly increased from orientation phase to the case (0.40–0.62 μS; P < .001) and remained elevated even after the simulation was over (0.40–0.67 μS; P < .001). Surgery residents were the only group that demonstrated continued increases in wrist GSR levels throughout the entire simulation (change in GSR = 0.21 to 0.32 to 0.11 μS; P < .01). Large intraindividual differences (≤200 times) were found in both wrist and ankle GSR. There was no correlation between wrist and ankle data. Conclusion Continuous GSR monitoring of all professionals during OR simulations is feasible, but would be difficult to implement in an actual OR environment. Large variation in individual levels of physiologic activation suggests complementary qualitative research is needed to better understand how people respond to stressful OR situations.
A Case Study of Two M ∼5 Mainshocks in Anza, California: Is the Footprint of an Aftershock Sequence Larger Than We Think?

It has been traditionally held that aftershocks occur within one to two fault lengths of the mainshock. Here we demonstrate that this perception has been shaped by the sensitivity of seismic networks. The 31 October 2001 Mw 5.0 and 12 June 2005 Mw 5.2 Anza mainshocks in southern California occurred in the middle of the densely instrumented ANZA seismic network and thus were unusually well recorded. For the June 2005 event, aftershocks as small as M 0.0 could be observed stretching for at least 50 km along the San Jacinto fault even though the mainshock fault was only ∼4:5 km long. It was hypothesized that an observed aseismic slipping patch produced a spatially extended aftershock-triggering source, presumably slowing the decay of aftershock density with distance and leading to a broader aftershock zone. We find, however, the decay of aftershock density with distance for both Anza se- quences to be similar to that observed elsewhere in California. This indicates there is no need for an additional triggering mechanism and suggests that given widespread dense instrumentation, aftershock sequences would routinely have footprints much larger than currently expected. Despite the large 2005 aftershock zone, we find that the probability that the 2005 Anza mainshock triggered the M 4.9 Yucaipa mainshock, which occurred 4.2 days later and 72 km away, to be only 14% 1%. This probability is a strong function of the time delay; had the earthquakes been separated by only an hour, the probability of triggering would have been 89%. Online Material: Movies exploring the spatial extent of aftershocks from the 2001 and 2005 Anza sequences.
FACS-based selection of tandem tetracysteine peptides with improved ReAsH brightness in live cells.

Non-perturbing and site-specific in vivo protein labeling methods are highly desired as they allow researchers to probe complex cellular functions. The biarsenical/tetracysteine labeling system allows in situ fluorescent labeling of intracellular proteins which have been appended with small (12 amino acids) genetically encoded peptide tags. In this work we present the in vivo selection of semi-randomized tandem tetracysteine peptides with improved biarsenical (ReAsH) fluorescent brightness (~2-fold) relative to a single tetracysteine motif or rationally designed 3-fold tetracysteine repeat. We found that Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting by direct ReAsH excitation as opposed to FRET-mediated ReAsH excitation was optimal for selecting 3×Tetracysteine peptides with enhanced brightness. The selected multimer-tetracysteine peptides display enhanced properties due to higher order ReAsH/3×Tetracysteine dye stoichiometries as opposed to enhancement of the individual core tetracysteine photophysical properties. In summary, we have isolated new 3×Tetracysteine motifs with improved ReAsH brightness in live cells. These modular tags should provide enhanced contrast for live cell imaging applications where small tag size (~4.8 KDa) is a requisite for protein labeling.
Is pornography consumption associated with condom use and intoxication during hookups

In order to examine whether pornography consumption is associated with risky sexual behaviour among emerging adults, we examined two large samples of those who reported hooking up in the past 12 months (combined n = 1216). Pornography use was associated with a higher likelihood of having a penetrative hookup; a higher incidence of intoxication during hookups for men (but a lower incidence of intoxication during hookups for women); increasing levels of intoxication during hookups for men but decreasing levels of intoxication for women; and a higher likelihood of being in the riskiest category of having a penetrative hookup, without a condom, while intoxicated. For each of these outcomes, our point estimates for Study 2 fell within the 95% confidence intervals from Study 1. Controlling for trait self-control, binge drinking frequency, broader problematic patterns of alcohol use, openness to experience, and attitudes toward casual sex did not change the pattern of results. Implications for interventions to ...
Pelvic actinomycosis involving the lungs with ascites and pelvic lymphadenopathy.

5 hours after taking 150 mg of clopidogrel. The inhibition of platelet aggregation may have led to hemorrhage from the corpus luteum or from the wall of the mucinous cyst into the ovary, further increasing the ovarian size which was already larger than usual for mucinous cystadenoma. The acute increase in the size of the ovary may have led to torsion. Clopidogrel treatment may lead to clinically significant ovarian hemorrhage.
Image analysis and morphometry in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Image Analysis, a complicated field still in the early stages of application to Pathology, has the capability of rendering major contributions to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of malignancies of the breast. The present review summarizes the main problems and the general approach to the use of this technique for quantitating immunohistochemical stain results, obtaining DNA histograms, and making de novo diagnoses in routine materials of the Pathology service. In the case of diagnosis, the main steps are sampling, segmentation, and measures of chromatin texture. Currently, the limiting factor for all routine applications of image analysis is probably the absence of a reliable automatic nuclear segmentation.
Between‐clutch interactions affect a benefit of group feeding for pipevine swallowtail larvae

Abstract. 1. In California, early instar larvae of the pipevine swallowtail (Battus philenor) develop at an accelerated rate when feeding in large groups compared with small groups due to a plant-mediated response to feeding group size. Larvae benefit from accelerated growth because the time larvae remain in early stages, where mortality is highest, is reduced. Occasionally, multiple clutches are laid on the same plant stem. Clutch size modification by females ovipositing on plant with previously laid clutches and the effect of kinship and group size on larval behaviour was examined. The direct and indirect interactions between clutches were investigated to determine if group size and time between clutch establishment affects the performance of early instar larvae. 2. Larger groups consume the young foliage more quickly and develop at an accelerated rate compared with smaller groups. Older foliage available to later clutches is an inferior food resource compared with younger foliage. 3. There was no evidence that females adjust clutch size in response to the presence of conspecific clutches. 4. Second groups of larvae readily joined previously established feeding groups. There were no observed behavioural differences between sibling and mixed-family groups. 5. The effect of a second group on the growth of the initial group was dependent on the size of both groups and the time interval between the arrival of the two groups. 6. Accelerated growth associated with larger feeding aggregations was absent when these groups were introduced to plants with previously established groups. 7. It is beneficial for ovipositing females to avoid plants with previously laid clutches because direct and indirect interactions with established clutches compromises larval performance.
Reflections on a Conversation With a Curandera

A curandera is recognized as a "culture or folk practitioner" in Latino cultures. Is the role of a curandera relevant to teaching transcultural nursing care in today's health care environment? Preconceived ideas of both Latino and non-Latino people have influenced how nurses and physicians view the role of the curandera. This article describes the lessons learned by the author and serves as encouragement for other nurses to be willing to incorporate the cultural practices of the curandera into modern health care.
Validation by a Mass Spectrometric Reference Method of Use of Boronate Affinity Chromatography to Measure Glycohemoglobin in the Presence of Hemoglobin S and C Traits

Glycohemoglobin (GHB) is routinely used both as an index of mean glycemia and as a measure of risk for the development and progression of diabetes complications (1)(2). Because the prevalence of diabetes is higher for non-Hispanic blacks than in non-Hispanic whites (3) and at least 10% of black Americans have either hemoglobin S (HbS) or HbC trait (4), it is probable that at least 150 000 Americans with diabetes have HbS or HbC trait. Previous studies have shown that some GHB methods yield inaccurate results with samples heterozygous for HbS or HbC (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Many of these interference studies have used boronate affinity chromatography as a reference method based on the assumption that this method should not be influenced by the presence of Hb variants (10). Because measurement of GHB by boronate affinity chromatography is based on the structure of the glycated component (cis-diol component of GHB), rather than differences in charge, it has been assumed that glycated HbS and/or HbC are included in the glycated fraction and that GHB results obtained …