cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective primate conservation education: gaps and opportunities.

Conservation education goals generally include influencing people's conservation awareness, attitudes, and behaviors. Effective programs can help foster sustainable behavior, improve public support for conservation, reduce vandalism and poaching in protected areas, improve compliance with conservation regulations, increase recreation carrying capacities, and influence policies and decisions that affect the environment. Primate conservation problems cut across many disciplines, and primate conservation education must likewise address crossdisciplinary issues. Conservation educators must incorporate both theoretical and practical knowledge and skills to develop effective programs, and the skill set must stretch beyond pedagogy. Expertize needed comes from the areas of planning, collaboration, psychology, entertainment, and evaluation. Integration of these elements can lead to greater program success. Am. J. Primatol. 72:414–419, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Scheduling as Rule Composition

Bluespec is a high-level hardware description language used for architectural exploration, hardware modeling and synthesis of semiconductor chips. In Bluespec, one views hardware as a collection of stateful elements (e.g., registers, memories) and describes its behavior using rules, or Guarded Atomic Actions which modify these elements. All legal behaviors of a Bluespec program can be explained in terms of rules being applied in some sequence. Scheduling is the process of selecting which rules to execute in parallel while maintaining this semantic invariant. The scheduling decision can have a large impact on critical design properties such as pipeline concurrency and clock frequency. What constitutes a good schedule of en depends upon the application and requires the designer's input. In this paper we introduce BTRS, the kernel language for Bluespec and use it to explore the task of scheduling. We view scheduling as the process of restricting a Bluespec design's non-deterministic behavior to be deterministic. We define a small set of scheduling operators whose semantics are expressed in terms of rule composition. We show how to represent the schedules generated by the Bluespec compiler using these compositions. More importantly, our scheduling primitives open a large class of new schedules which are needed for microarchitectural explorations.
Laser light scattering studies of poly(L-lysine HBr) in aqueous solutions†

A simple theory for the relaxation of concentration fluctuations in polyelectrolyte solutions is presented, and particular results for the high-salt and no-salt limiting cases are discussed. Autocorrelation functions for the fluctuating intensity of scattered light from dilute aqueous solutions of poly(L-lysine HBr) (PLL-HBr) with and without added salt have been observed over a wide range of pH. The observed autocorrelation functions are in general very satisfactorily represented by single exponentials except at high pH (>10.5), where considerable aggregation is manifested. Solutions of PLL HBr without added salt exhibit extraordinary behavior, evident at low pH, involving a species with a very slowly decaying autocorrelation function. Though this species is readily annealed to a more ordinary individual free-molecule form by cycling the pH to 9.5 or higher and back, the resulting molecules are found to require unusually long times to reach internal configuration equilibrium under low pH conditions. Solutions of PLL-HBr in 0.2M NaBr and 0.1M NaCl are apparently free of similar extraordinary effects and show the normal isothermal helix–coil transition accompanied by a 15–30% rise in the diffusion coefficient to a maximum at pH 10.5, which is interpreted in terms of a change in molecular dimension of an interrupted helix. The predicted K2 dependence of the reciprocal relaxation time and enhancement of the apparent diffusion coefficient of the polyelectrolyte in the absence of salt is confirmed.
Optimum angle of incidence for monochromatic interference in transparent films on absorbing substrates

Angles of incidence for s- and p-polarized light have been computed and confirmed experimentally for which monochromatic interference in transparent thin films on absorbing substrates results in optimum interference fringe contrast (visibility = 1). Under these angles of incidence and with polarized light, film thickness determinations which are not possible at normal incidence or with unpolarized light can be carried out by use of thin-film interference.
On the extreme cases of the rate-distortion function for robust descriptions

A multiterminal source coding scenario known as robust descriptions coding, where the source is to be encoded in a way that enables good descriptions for several distortion measures simultaneously is considered. Our result is obtained by posing robust descriptions as a special case of successive refinement coding.
Cortisol and GH responses to D- and L-amphetamine in monkeys.

Equimolar doses ofD-amphetamine and L-amphetamine, and a water placebo were injected intravenously on different days into rhesus monkeys, and their plasma cortisol and GH responses were determined over a 3-hour period. D- and L-amphetaniine (but not the placebo) equally suppressedplasma cortisol concentration and equally increased plasma GH concentration. Pretreatment of the monkeys with large doses of pimozide, a specific dopa- mine receptor blocker, did not appear to block the hormonal responses to either isomer of amphetamine. The results suggest that the hormonal responses to both D- and L-amphetamine were mediated by noradrenergic neurones stimulatory to GH and inhibitory to ACTH, and that D- and L-amphetamine exert equipotent noradrenergic effects in the neuroendocrine system.(Endocrinology 99: 459,1976)
Inverse Measurement of Stiffness by the Normalization Technique for J-Integral Fracture Toughness

The single specimen normalization technique for J-integral fracture toughness has been successfully employed by several researchers to study the strongly non-linear fracture response of ductile semicrystalline polymers. As part of the normalization technique the load and the plastic component of displacement are normalized. The normalized data is then fit with a normalization function that approximates a power law for small displacements that are dominated by blunting and smoothly transitions to a linear relationship for large displacements that are dominated by stable crack extension. Particularly for very ductile polymers the compliance term used to determine the plastic displacement can dominate the solution and small errors in determining the elastic modulus can lead to large errors in the normalization or even make it ill posed. This can be further complicated for polymers where the elastic modulus is strong strain rate dependent and simply using a “quasistatic” modulus from a dogbone measurement may not equate to the dominant strain rate in the compact tension specimen. The current work proposes directly measuring the compliance of the compact tension specimen in the solution of J-integral fracture toughness and then solving for the elastic modulus. By comparison with a range of strain rate data the dominant strain rate can then be determined.
Case 2: Bilateral Thumbnail Abnormalities in a 9-year-old Boy.

1. Megan Craddock, MD* 2. Lori Prok, MD* 1. *The University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO. A previously healthy 9-year-old boy presents for evaluation of bilateral thumbnail abnormalities. His mother states that the nails have been deformed for approximately 2 years, but she is unable to identify any inciting agent. The patient and mother deny any trauma to the nails such as picking or biting, infection, febrile illness, or recent or past medication use. The patient has no known medical or family history of skin disorders or nail abnormalities. Social history reveals that the boy is a frequent video gamer, specifically using a handheld device requiring thumb operation. He reports frequent daily use of this device. Examination of the skin and nails reveals a longitudinal groove of the entire bilateral thumbnail plates. Multiple small horizontal grooves radiate from the larger lesion, giving the appearance of an inverted fir tree (Figure). The lunulae are slightly enlarged. There is no associated skin rash. There is no paronychia, and no other nails are affected on either hand. No pain is associated with palpation of the bilateral thumbnails. No additional …
Walking the Line: Navigating Market and Gift Economies of Care in a Consumer-Directed Home-Based Care Program for Older Adults.

Context Paid caregivers of low-income older adults navigate their role at what Hochschild calls the “market frontier”: the fuzzy line between the “world of the market,” in which services are exchanged for monetary compensation, and the “world of the gift,” in which caregiving is uncompensated and motivated by emotional attachment. We examine how political and economic forces, including the reduction of long-term services and supports, shape the practice of “walking the line” among caregivers of older adults. Methods We used data from a longitudinal qualitative study with related and nonrelated caregivers (n = 33) paid through California's In-Home Supportive Services (IHSS) program and consumers of IHSS care (n = 49). We analyzed the semistructured interviews (n = 330), completed between 2010 and 2014, using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Findings Related and nonrelated caregivers are often expected to “gift” hours of care above and beyond what is compensated by formal services. Cuts in formal services and lapses in pay push caregivers to further “walk the line” between market and gift economies of care. Both related and nonrelated caregivers who choose to stay on and provide more care without pay often face adverse economic and health consequences. Some, including related caregivers, opt out of caregiving altogether. While some consumers expect that caregivers would be willing to “walk the line” in order to meet their needs, most expressed sympathy for them and tried to alter their schedules or go without care in order to limit the caregivers’ burden. Conclusions Given economic and health constraints, caregivers cannot always compensate for cuts in formal supports by providing uncompensated time and resources. Similarly, low-income older adults are not competitive in the caregiving marketplace and, given the inadequacy of compensated hours, often depend on unpaid care. Policies that restrict formal long-term services and supports thus leave the needs of both caregivers and consumers unmet.
Endoscopic surveillance for gastric ulcers.

Objective Gastric ulcers (GUs) can be caused by a malignancy, and endoscopists are challenged with the question of how to rule out underlying malignancy. Although routine endoscopic surveillance is not advised, it is still overused. The purpose of this study was to explore the practice in our tertiary referral center during the last 3 years. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all inpatient and outpatient esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) that were performed between November 2009 and November 2012 for GUs. Patients with GUs who normally would not undergo biopsy, such as patients who present with bleeding or had stigmata of high-risk bleeding, were excluded. Results A total of 165 patients were diagnosed between November 2009 and November 2012 as having GUs on EGD. Fifty-two patients were excluded because they presented with bleeding or had GUs that had stigmata of high-risk bleeding. We reviewed the charts of 113 patients and endoscopic surveillance was recommended for 96 (85%). Of those 96 patients, 72 (64%) underwent repeat EGD. In those 72 patients, GU was still present in 9 patients and was completely healed or healing in 63 patients. Only 25 (22%) GUs were biopsied at initial EGD, 23 of which were benign and 2 were adenocarcinomas. No additional malignancy was found on surveillance EGD. Conclusions EGD surveillance for GUs is a common practice, although the guidelines discourage such a practice. Our rate of endoscopic surveillance was significantly higher than reported previously (64% vs 25%). In our experience, such a high rate of surveillance did not reveal any additional gastric malignancy. Alternatively, the rate of biopsy of GUs at initial EGD is low (22%), which also reflects endoscopists' preference for endoscopic surveillance.
Orthogonality constrained density functional theory for electronic excited states.

We report a novel scheme for computing electronic excitation energies within the framework of density functional theory (DFT) based on a time-independent variational formulation of DFT. The excited state density functional is recast as a Kohn–Sham functional, which is further simplified by an adiabatic approximation of the exchange-correlation functional. Under the adiabatic approximation, the minimization of the excited state Kohn–Sham functional is shown to be equivalent to a ground state DFT computation augmented with orthogonality constraints with respect to the ground state Kohn–Sham determinant. An algorithm for the optimization of the energy subject to orthogonality constraints, which does not suffer from variational collapse, is described and implemented. A benchmark test set containing 28 organic molecules (Schreiber, M. J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 128, 134110) was used to assess the quality of the excitation energies obtained. Two novel approaches to spin-adapt the resulting excitation energies are dis...
Efficient Hydride and Pyrazolyl Redistribution upon Thermolysis of a Calcium Complex Containing Dihydrobis(pyrazolyl)borate Ligands

Thermolysis of CaBp2(THF)2 (THF = tetrahydrofuran) at 190–200 °C and 0.05 Torr leads to a redistribution reaction to afford CaTp2 (90%) and CaTp(BH4) (84%). Treatment of CaTp(BH4) with THF affords CaTp(BH4)(THF)2 and [CaTp(BH4)(THF)]4, both of which were structurally characterized. Methanolysis or ethanolysis/hydrolysis of the BH4–-containing complexes affords [TpCa(HOMe)2(μ4-B(OMe)4)Ca(HOMe)2Tp][B(OMe)4] and [{TpCa}3{μ6-B(OB(OEt)3)3]·EtOH.
Clinical toxicology residency and fellowship programs for pharmacists

![Figure][1] The Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education lists toxicology as a core curriculum requirement of all Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree programs.[1][2] Although just one component of the broad pharmaceutical sciences spectrum knowledge of clinical toxicology is vital for
Fire Prevention and Extinguishing Technology at Gob of II_3-13160 Working Face in Gengcun Coal Mine

Through the analysis of easily spontaneous combustion reasons at gob of the fully mechanized caving face in Gengcun mine No.Ⅱ3 seam.The paper gets the CO emission laws of fully mechanized caving face,constructs the fire extinguishing and prevention technology system,and determines that the critical value of index gas CO concentration is 100 ppm in gob of the fully mechanized caving face,which ensures safety advance of working face and provides reference to the similar mine.
Development and future of power line high-speed communication

PLC is important in the electric power communication system.This paper gives an overview of the development in power line communication(PLC) and their status of applications in China and abroad.The major research works about PLC in China,and developments of PLC key technique(included channel model,noise characteristic,channel capacity,modulating technique and MAC layer protocol etc.),standards and existing primary problems are introduced.The developing trend of PLC and the works that need to be launched further are discussed.
Urubamba Verticality: Reflections on Crops and Diseases

First studied elsewhere in the Andes by Alexander von Humboldt and Francisco de Caldas, verticality refers to the highly telescoped climate from glaciers and puna above 5000 m to the tropical rainforest (selva baja) below 400 m above sea level (asl). A seasoned perspective on verticality as a phenomenon has grown out of fieldwork on it contained in a 1975 publication. Crop distributions, though controlled by thermal tolerance limits, are primarily about human decisions. Coca and maize are analyzed to grasp that nature-culture duality. Verticality of agriculture influenced the location of points of ecological exchange and account for migration of people between the lower and upper Urubamba. Another set of organisms, tropical parasite diseases, manifest a verticality largely controlled by temperature thresholds of both the pathogen and vector. Occurring in the pre-Columbian Andes, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis played a role in the Inca avoidance of the jungle as a zone of permanent settlement. The other disease, malaria, introduced to Peru in the sixteenth century, also became endemic in the Urubamba below 1800 m asl. In its epidemic form, malaria in the 1930s caused high mortality and major dislocation. Verticality of crops and diseases raise questions about boundary shifts through time brought on by global warming. Advances in plant breeding increase tolerance and thus can change limits of crops, and medical advances can either eliminate or cure disease.
Back to Basics: Four Years of Sustained Improvement in Implementation of Contact Precautions at a University Hospital

Article-at-a-Glance Background The use of contact precautions is an essential component of an effective multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) control plan. Despite reliance on a passive automated reminder system to alert clinicians of the need for contact precautions, poor adherence was recognized at the study medical center. Developing the Intervention A performance improvement project incorporating brief weekly surveillance rounds on each inpatient unit was developed to maximize compliance with implementation of contact precautions and to evaluate risk factors for failure to institute precautions. In the weekly rounds, infection preventionists determined the point prevalence of the appropriate implementation of contact precautions for MDRO (that is, whether or not patients with electronic flags had been appropriately placed on contact precautions). This project was evaluated during a 22-week rollout period followed by a four-year follow-up period. The experience and data derived from the rollout period were intended to shape the long-term plan to sustain high levels of compliance with contact-precaution initiation. Results During the first week of surveillance, only 70% of eligible patients were isolated, but by week 16 90% were isolated appropriately. Because surveillance rounding was successful in improving institution of contact precautions during the rollout period, this practice was continued. During the following four years (follow-up period), > 90% success at implementing isolation precautions was demonstrated during 74% of the weeks. Conclusions This experience with surveillance demonstrated an effective, practical, and sustainable method of improving implementation of contact precautions for patients with MDRO.
Desert Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii) in Southeastern Colorado: Life History, Reproduction, and Communal Hibernation

Abstract We studied Desert Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii) in southeastern Colorado in 1998 and 2005–2007. Mark–recapture data for 770 snakes indicated a population size of >3,500 snakes in an area of approximately 4,800 ha. Field growth rates and size class frequency distributions showed that average snake age was 3 yr; 4 yr old snakes were frequently encountered, but less than 4% were 5 yr or older, suggesting low survivorship beyond this age. Conversely, initial growth was rapid; snakes grew an average of 0.57 mm/day in their first full year. Desert Massasaugas mated in fall and spring, producing 2–7 (mean 3.3) young in late August to early September, and reproduction appeared to be biennial. Desert Massasaugas showed maternal attendance for at least 5 days postparturition, and neonate dispersal corresponded with the first shed. Radioed Desert Massasaugas (N = 15) used rodent burrows as hibernacula, and within 50 m of Desert Massasauga hibernacula, eight snake, five anuran, and ...
Sensitivity and Responsiveness of Neurons Associated with Male-Specific Trichoid Sensilla in the Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, to Volatile Emissions of Sympatric Spodoptera spp. and Plant Odors

Chemical signals emitted by insects (e.g., pheromones) may aggregate both sexes for feeding and mating as in Coleoptera [1,2], or may be gender-specific mating messages as in moths [3], and may be enhanced by plant odors [1,4–6]. Detection of olfactory chemical signals by insects involves primary sensory neurons which are housed within modified cuticular structures, called sensilla, on the insect’s antenna [3]. These highly specialized receptor neurons in moths are thought to possess only one kind of membrane receptor molecule. However, selected plant volatiles stimulate pheromone receptor neurons in small ermine moths [7], the turnip moth [8], and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua [9]. In my current study, the activity of volatile emissions of not only S. exigua females [10] but also those of two closely related sympatric species, S. frugiperda [11] and S. eridania [12], were tested. As in previous studies [9,13], only Z9-14:OH and Z9,E12-14:AC elicited appreciable activity from neurons associated with the type I sensilla on the proximal one-half of male antennae.
Deeper Into Cardiac Amyloid: Potential for Improved Outcomes

Amyloidosis refers to a group of disorders characterized by deposition of autologous fibrillary proteins into the interstitium, leading to multiple-organ dysfunction [(1)][1]. Depending upon the type, it can involve the skin, blood vessels, liver, kidney, nerves, heart, and other organs. The
The Determinants of Localization: A Conditional Distance-Based Approach

Do pairs of plants with ‘close or similar’ input-output linkages, types of workers, and that use or exchange similar technology locate near one another in space? To answer these questions, I propose a new non-parametric approach to measuring the localization of ‘closely related’ multiple industries – i.e., a multidimensional way to assess coagglomeration – in continuous space. More precisely, I combine the measurement approach of localization in continuous space with a coagglomeration approach, and then relate them to the degree to which industries share goods, people, and ideas. My results show that plants which belong to manufacturing industries with similar input-output linkages or workforces tend to locate near one another. I find little evidence that plants that share similar technologies cluster geographically.
Mathematical representation and physical interpretation of a contained chemical explosion in alluvium

Abstract The characterization of the equivalent elastic source for a small (253 lb TNT) chemical explosion detonated in alluvium is given. The representation is constrained by a well-known propagation path. Data from the nonlinear region ( 1/3 ) are used in interpreting the moment tensor representation. The results of this study are: (1) the applicability of frequency domain moment tensor representation is shown; (2) the source is composed of two parts—the initially spherical explosion followed by the cylindrically symmetric spall; and (3) the deviatoric source components are an order of magnitude smaller than the spherical explosion and cylindrical spall contributions. The spherical explosion is shorter in duration (50 to 80 msec) than the spall source (200 msec), which is delayed in time. The initial explosion can be modeled by the isotropic moment tensor while the spall source is represented as the moment tensor elements with the ratio: M 11 = 1; M 22 = 1; and M 33 = 2. Comparison of these results with those from nuclear explosions suggests that similar phenomena occur in these cases also.
Recovery of pectic hydrocolloids and phenolics from huanglongbing related dropped citrus fruit

Citrus pre-harvest fruit drop, caused by huanglongbing infection, has increased dramatically concomitant with declining tree health and crop harvest size. This loss of harvestable fruit is damaging to both growers and juice processors. Recovering and converting this fruit to alternative value added products would benefit the citrus industry. Therefore, we have explored the potential of using this fruit as a feedstock in our newly developed pilot scale continuous steam explosion process.; Results: Whole fruits were converted to steam-exploded biomass using a continuous pilot scale process. The sugar composition of raw fruit and steam-exploded biomass was determined. Recovered pectic hydrocolloids and phenolic compounds were characterized. Pectic hydrocolloids comprised 78 g kg-1 of the dry material in the dropped fruit. Following the steam explosion process almost all of the pectic hydrocolloids were recoverable with a water wash. They could be functionalized in situ or separated from the milieu. Additionally, approximately 40% of the polymethoxylated flavones, 10% of the flavanone glycosides, 85% of the limonoids and almost 100% of hydroxycinnamates were simultaneously recovered.; Conclusion: The continuous steam explosion of pre-harvest dropped citrus fruit provides an enhanced, environmentally friendly method for the release and recovery of valuable coproducts from wasted biomass. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.; Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Activation and Functional Capacity of Neonatal T Cells: Analysis of Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2 Receptor Responsiveness

The thymic epithelium is first recognized in the human fetus near the 6th week of fetal gestation. This epithelial anlage becomes populated with lymphocytes which express T-lineage cell surface molecules during the 9th to 10th weeks, and these cells become responsive to activating stimuli during the 10th to 12th weeks of gestation. Such T lymphocytes are found in the spleen 3-4 weeks after their appearance in the thymus and subsequently enter the fetal circulation (reviewed by Stiehm et al. 1979; Andersson et al. 1981; Hayward 1981; Toivanen et al. 1981). In spite of the early appearance of such T cells during gestation, our most extensive knowledge of the immunological capabilities of early human T cells is derived from studies of human neonatal T cells derived from cord blood at the time of delivery. These cord blood T cells have been stimulated or activated in a number of ways and their functional capabilities assessed. Cord blood T cells have been shown to proliferate in response to polyclonal T-cell activators as well as certain foreign antigens; to provide help for immunoglobulin production by B cells in response to polyclonal B-cell activators and antibody responses to specific antigens; to exert suppressor influences on B cells and T cells through cellular mechanisms and the release of soluble suppressor molecules; to mediate cytotoxic responses to specific antigens and when activated with polyclonal T-cell activators; and to release a variety of lymphokines. One of these lymphokines is termed interleukin-2 (IL-2) and was previously termed T-cell growth factor owing to its ability to support the growth of activated T cells following interaction with specific cellular receptors for IL-2 (IL-2R).
Avian tumor viruses: persistent and evolving pathogens

Most neoplasias of lymphoid and other hematopoietic cells in commercial poultry are caused by viruses which belong to one of four distinct groups. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus. Avian leukosis virus (ALV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) are oncogenic retroviruses. Each group is distinguished by nucleic acid type, molecular structure, antigenicity, epidemiology, host range and other characteristics. However, most of these viruses have in common a unique ability to persist, both in the host and in the ecosystem. In addition, both the viruses and the virus-host relationships for several members of the group have demonstrated a propensity to evolve with time, creating new dilemmas for diagnosis and control. A focus on the persistence and evolution of avian tumor viruses will be used to address a number of current issues with individual viruses of economic importance. Issues of primary concern include (1) the evolution of MDV towards greater virulence with concomitant reduction of vaccine efficacy and expansion of host range, (2) the emergence of subgroup J ALV as a major pathogen in meat-type breeder stocks, and (3) the increasing prevalence of REV and its evolving role as a pathogen in chickens and turkeys.
The determination of fracture toughness for a porous elastic-plastic solid

The near tip stress and porosity fields in a plane strain mode I crack under small scale yielding (s.s.y.) conditions have been studied using a constitutive model for porous elastic-plastic solids. These fields have been used in conjunction with criteria for fracture of tensile specimens to predict values of KIc for a mild steel over a range of temperatures. The regimes of dominance of fracture by slip-induced cleavage and void coalescence mechanisms have been determined. The predictions are shown to compare well with experimental data.
Clinical considerations in vaccine trials with special reference to candidate HIV vaccines.

Clinical research on HIV-1 vaccine candidates, which began less than a decade ago, illustrates many facets of vaccine trials in general. At each step, however, from gaining public acceptance for the trial and recruiting volunteers to evaluation of data, unique problems have arisen. In this chapter, we will discuss clinical evaluation of HIV-1 vaccines as both a paradigm and a special case of vaccine clinical trials. We will emphasize prophylactic use of vaccines.
Analysis of Tryptic Peptides from Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Using LC-MS/MS.

Immunotherapies are a hot topic, with the potential to impact our understanding of the immune system and treat a diverse array of conditions. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are part of this revolution, and clinical chemists are aware of the success of the biologic drugs. Antibodies are not just immunoassay reagents anymore but are also present in clinical serum samples from more and more patients each day. The clinical laboratory will have many roles as mAb therapies expand, including the development of new assays to differentiate a mAb from an endogenous, disease-causing clone and monitoring therapeutic drugs for better patient outcomes and assessing for the loss of response to therapy.Therapeutic mAbs use has expanded significantly in the last 5 years, and depending on their target or their concentration, they may impact routine clinical testing for patients. Optimizing therapy during the induction phase to keep the mAb concentrations above certain thresholds has proven to be associated with improved responses and better outcomes in chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. This chapter will describe a LC-MS/MS protocol for analysis of tryptic peptides unique to infliximab (clonotypic peptides) for quantitation of the mAb. The protocol can be adapted to other mAbs with similar outcomes and is a useful, relatively simple strategy for measurement of mAbs.
Effect of Asymmetric, Charge Balanced Stimuli on Elicited Compound Neural Action Potentials

Whether via cuff or intrafascicular electrode, peripheral neural stimulations often rely on symmetric, charge balanced paradigms. To date, few investigations have been carried out which systematically decompose the features of a stimulus waveform. Factors such as pulse-width, amplitude, and the timing with which they are presented may have significant effects on the quality of the stimuli. This work seeks to fill this gap in knowledge and share insight into how selection of electrical stimuli may affect the resultant neural activation in peripheral nerves. In particular, we found that, although there is some variance, over the parameter range tested there was not a significant effect on neural fiber recruitment percent due to waveform selection.
Anthurium rosselianum (Araceae), a new species of Anthurium section Belolonchium from Colombia

A new species of Anthurium section Belolonchium from Colombia is described and justified by making comparisons with several other species in the section. The species is named in honor of the late, Allan Rossel, formerly a Volunteer Research Associate with the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Chronobiology, A New Perspective for Biology and Medicine

ABSTRACT This paper is based on a presentation given as the opening address before a symposium on Chronobiology held during the 11th Collegium Internationale Neuro-psychopharmacologicum Congress in Vienna, Austria, 9-14 July 1978. The author discusses the ubiquitous nature of rhythms, current terminology, the different frequencies found, and the current methods used for analyzing time-series data. Rhythms having frequencies of about a day, the circadian, are emphasized throughout the paper; the different properties of circadian rhythms are described; and examples are given of a number of diverse circadian rhythms in rodent and man. Finally, some potential applications of chronobiological principles to medicine are suggested.
Acting Indie: Industry, Aesthetics, and Performance: CYNTHIA BARON and YANNIS TZIOUMAKIS, 2019 London, Palgrave Macmillan UK pp. xii + 347, 8 b/w illustrations, 23 illustrations in colour, €103.99 (hardcover)

A deft instalment to Palgrave’s series on Screen Industries and Performance, Cynthia Baron and Yannis Tzioumakis deliver the first large-scale study of American independent film through the lens of...
Will Millennials Drive Less as the Economy Recovers: A Postrecession Analysis of Automobile Travel Patterns:

Personal vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the United States has seen a dip from 2004 to 2014, owing to the recent economic recession. News reports and academic articles relate this change to Millenn...
Enduring impact of childhood adversity on lower urinary tract symptoms in adult women.

AIMS To determine whether childhood adversity is associated with self-reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among older adult women. METHODS A convenience sample of women (≥55 years old) who presented to an academic urology practice or who had participated in a previous bladder health prevention study completed questionnaires including the LUTS Tool (on frequency and bother of LUTS), the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Questionnaire, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. RESULTS The average age (SD) of participants (N = 151) was 64.7 (6.9) years. The total number of ACEs predicted the total number of LUTS, β = .39 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.14, 0.64), P = .003, as well as LUTS frequency, β = .09 (95% CI = 0.04, 0.13), P < .001. ACEs predicted bother for nocturia, β = 0.12 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.22), P = .008. Negative affect symptoms did not mediate the relationship between the total number of ACEs and the total number of LUTS. Rather, ACEs predicted LUTS and negative affect symptoms through (at least partially) independent pathways. Analyses controlled for tobacco use, number of vaginal deliveries, hypertension, overactive bladder medication use, body mass index, income, and race because these variables were significantly associated with the total number of ACEs or total number of LUTS. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversity has an enduring impact on risk for LUTS in adulthood even when controlling for potential confounds and this relationship cannot be explained by negative affect symptoms.
Personality and pediatric bipolar disorder: Toward personalizing psychosocial intervention.

Abstract Background Previous research suggests that challenging temperament characteristics (i.e., low mood, irritability and rigidity) are associated with risk for the development of Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD). This study aimed to investigate the connection between PBD and discrete dimensions of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Methods Youth diagnosed with PBD I, II, or NOS, at high risk for the disorder (BD-HR) and healthy controls were recruited from the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic at Stanford University School of Medicine. Researchers administered a personality inventory and evaluated current mood state. Results BD and BD-HR youth scored lower in Emotional Regulation than did HC youth (F (3, 70) = 10.75, p Limitations A major limitation of this study is its cross-sectional design, precluding analysis of whether certain traits or clusters of traits predict PBD or other mood disorders. Conclusions Low Emotional Regulation, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were associated with PBD; this personality profile clinically corresponds with youth diagnosed with PBD who present with difficulty regulating their emotions, vulnerability to stress, and emotional reactivity. Future research examining personality characteristics in PBD may elucidate further a specific profile to aid clinicians in developing psychosocial interventions for youth with and at high risk of developing PBD.
Dark matter substructure under the electron scattering lamppost

We study the mutual relationship between dark matter-electron scattering experiments and possible new dark matter substructure nearby hinted by the Gaia data. We show how kinematic substructure could affect the average and modulation spectra of dark matter-electron scattering in semiconductors and the discovery reaches of future experiments with these targets. Conversely, we demonstrate how future data could probe and constrain the fraction of dark matter in substructure, even when it constitutes a subdominant component of the local dark matter density.
Abstract TMIM-063: TARGETING NEUROPILIN-1+ T REGULATORY CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER DECREASES TREG-SPECIFIC SUPPRESSION OF CD8+ T CELLS

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that suppress autoimmune responses, but also prevent clearance of tumors and chronic viral infections. In high grades serous ovarian cancer, a higher frequency of tumor infiltrating (TIL) Treg are associated with poor prognosis, but mechanisms governing the suppressive activity of TIL Treg in this context are limited. Our group has recently described a signaling axis through neuropilin-1 (NRP1) on TIL Treg in murine models of cancer that promotes the survival and suppressive function of Treg. When NRP1 is specifically knocked out on murine TIL Treg, there is reduced tumor growth and increased survival similar to the complete knockout of TIL Tregs, however, without death from overt autoimmunity. Thus, NRP1 is a viable target to specifically reduce TIL Treg suppressive function in the tumor microenvironment (TME), ultimately leading to increased anti-tumor immunity without adverse events. Given the importance of NRP1+ TIL Treg in murine cancer models, we sought to understand the role of NRP1 on TIL Treg from patients with high grade serious ovarian cancer. Surface and total NRP1 expression was assessed by flow cytometry on CD4+CD25+CD127loFOXP3+ Treg from healthy donor PBL and ovarian cancer TIL or ascites fluid. Total NRP1 was expressed on a median of 1.8% (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.69% to 4.8%) of Treg from healthy donors compared with a median of 66% (IQR: 28% to 90%; p In summary, both surface and total NRP1 are expressed more frequently on Treg from TIL and ascites fluid compared to Treg from healthy donor PBL and NRP1+ Tregs in the TME are more suppressive compared to NRP1- Tregs. NRP1 is a viable target to reduce Treg suppressive function in ovarian cancer tumors, which can be immunologically ““cold””. This could ultimately lead to increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and function in these patient tumors, which could then increase responsiveness to anti-PD1 as it relies upon CD8 T cell infiltration to be effective. Citation Format: Anthony R. Cillo, Christopher A. Chuckran, Mengting Liao, Francesmary Modugno, Robert Edwards, Lan Coffman, Dario A.A. Vignali, Tullia C. Bruno. TARGETING NEUROPILIN-1+ T REGULATORY CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH GRADE SEROUS OVARIAN CANCER DECREASES TREG-SPECIFIC SUPPRESSION OF CD8+ T CELLS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr TMIM-063.
Administering DVT Prophylaxis Sooner Than 48 Hours Does Not Increase Failure of Nonoperative Management of High-Grade (Grades III-V) Splenic Injuries

Splenic injuries are mostly treated with nonoperative management (NOM) with observation to monitor for continued hemorrhage and holding early chemical DVT prophylaxis to reduce the risk of NOM failure. Eberle et al demonstrated chemoprophylaxis prior to 72 hours didn't increase failure rate of NOM. We chose to extrapolate this finding and compare outcomes in high-grade splenic injuries (HGSI) with chemoprophylaxis before and after 48 hours. From January 2013 to December 2017, 104 patients with HGSI received chemoprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin (UH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) within 72 hours of diagnosis. Of these, 8 patients received chemoprophylaxis within 24 hours, 46 between 24 and 48 hours, and 50 patients between 48 and 72 hours. This population consisted of 70 males and 34 females, with an average age of 40.1 years. The average ISS was 23 and the majority (77%) were grade 3 injuries. We observed 6 failures of NOM: 1 in the 24 groups or between the <48 hour and 48-72 hour groups. A linear regression analysis created a model describing the time to initiation of DVT prophylaxis using age, sex, splenic injury grade, and ISS; the failure rate decreased by 0.00002% for each hour prior to giving DVT prophylaxis, with a P value of .111. We conclude a noninferiority statement that DVT prophylaxis prior to 48 hours does not increase the risk of NOM failure.
Underlying push and pull factors in undocumented immigration in the United States

There is continued empirical and theoretical debate about the push and pull factors of immigration and the effects that legislation has. This study contributes towards this debate by identifying th...
Critical Care Fellows’ Perceptions of Parent Distress in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Background/Purpose. During hospitalization in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), approximately 25-60% of parents experience clinical levels of distress (i.e., traumatic stress, anxiety, and depressed mood), which likely impacts their decision-making, ability to care for their child, and puts them at risk for long-term psychological sequelae (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder). Despite this, PICU providers rarely refer parents to formal psychological services, and parents report that their emotional needs are not well addressed by hospital staff. Difficulty identify and/or responding to distressed parents may explain these deficiencies. Therefore, the present study …
The Vexing Case of Venue for Violent Crimes in Aid of Racketeering

The right of accused persons to have their guilt adjudicated in the locations where their alleged crimes occurred is intrinsic to American conceptions of ordered liberty and fundamental fairness. It is so important that it is codified in, among other places, two constitutional provisions. Yet, dramatic technological advances have made affixing venue for some modern crimes increasingly difficult. Violations of 18 U.S.C. § 1959, which proscribes violent crimes in aid of racketeering, exemplify the complexity. Courts have used different methods to venue these prosecutions, but the approaches are largely inconsistent with traditional venue determinations, potentially impinge on defendants’ constitutional rights, and easily burden defendants’ vital interests. Consequently, a new approach is sorely needed. This Article proposes a standard that respects both the need for effective prosecution of violent crimes in aid of racketeering and defendants’ compelling interests in answering charges only where alleged offenses occur.
El concepto, los principios generales y las fuentes en materia de obligaciones: observaciones a los artículos 432 a 434 del Proyecto de Código Civil de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (The Concept, General Principles and Sources in Matters of Obligations: Considerations in Regards to 432 to 434 of the Civil Code Project Prepared by the National University of Colombia)

Spanish abstract: Este articuo se ocupa del analisis de los aspectos mas sobresalientes de la regulacion del derecho de las obligaciones por parte del Proyecto de Codigo Civil colombiano de 2020, elaborado por un grupo de profesores de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. En particular, el analisis se centra en las fuentes del Proyecto, la metodologia adoptada en materia de obligaciones, el concepto de obligacion, los principios generales y las fuentes de las obligaciones. English abstract: This paper analyzes the most outstanding aspects of the Colombian Civil Code Project of 2020 related to law of obligations. This Project was prepared by a group of professors from the National University of Colombia. In particular, the analysis focuses on the sources of the Project, the methodology adopted in matters of obligations, the concept of obligation, the general principles and the sources of obligations.
Film Processing Module for Automated Fiber Placement

This viewgraph presentation describes fiber placement technology which was originally developed by Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for the fabrication of fiber composite propellant tanks. The presentation includes an image of the MSFC Fiber Placement Machine, which is a prototype test bed, and images of some of the machine's parts. Some possible applications for the machines are listed.
A novel methodology for retrieving infographics utilizing structure and message content

Information graphics (infographics) in popular media are highly structured knowledge representations that are generally designed to convey an intended message. This paper presents a novel methodology for retrieving infographics from a digital library that takes into account a graphic's structural and message content. The retrieval methodology can be summarized thus: 1) hypothesize requisite structural and message content from a natural language query, 2) measure the relevance of each candidate infographic to the requisite structural and message content hypothesized from the user query, and 3) integrate these relevance measurements via a linear combination model in order to produce a ranked list of infographics in response to the user query. The methodology has been implemented and evaluated, and it significantly outperforms a baseline method that treats queries and graphics as bags of words.
Homing of a γδ thymocyte subset with homogeneous T-cell receptors to mucosal epithelia

IN mice γδ T-cell populations with distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires and homing properties have been identified. Diversified populations are found in lymphoid organs1–3 and intestinal epithelia4,5. By contrast, the γδ T-cells Is that have been found in the murine skin are homogeneous. They express a TCR consisting of one particular Vγ5 and one particular V81 chain5,6 and seem to originate from early fetal thymocytes6,7. We have now systematically analysed many tissues by immunohistochemistry and TCR gene sequencing aided by the polymerase chain reaction. These studies revealed a second homogeneous γδ T-cell subset in epithelia not of the intestine and skin, but of the vagina, uterus and tongue. The TCR expressed by this γδ T-cell subset consists of the same Vδ1 chain. Cells that express this particular TCR have previously been shown to be positively selected in the late fetal thymus7.