cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organizational socialization: Its content and consequences.

Content dimensions of the socialization domain were defined in order to determine relationships between learning particular features of a job/organization and the process and outcomes of socialization. Six socialization dimensions-performance proficiency, politics, language, people, organizational goals/values, and history-were supported by a factor analysis on data from 594 full-time professionals. The socialization process was then examined by comparing three groups of respondents who did not change jobs, changed jobs within the organization, or changed jobs and organizations. Results showed these groups had significantly different response patterns on all dimensions
Stability analysis by matrix decomposition

Abstract A method is presented for the stability analysis of structures using a combination of matrix iteration and matrix decomposition. The method is extented to stability analysis of structures in which two critical loads are present whose absolute values are relatively close or identical.
The determination of mechanical performance of laboratory produced hot mix asphalt mixtures using controlled RAP and virgin aggregate size fractions

Abstract This study investigates the influence of fractionated reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials on asphalt mixture performance. The RAP mixture percentages used were 15%, 35%, and 50% in the study. The amount of RAP materials recycled within hot mix asphalt (HMA) drum plants are typically no more than 30% RAP. Asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) rutting, modified Lottman, and dynamic modulus testing were conducted on the RAP and virgin aggregate blended asphalt mixtures. On average between all RAP mixtures, the addition of RAP decreased rutting by 24%, and increased resilient modulus by 52% due to the addition of RAP asphalt binder and aggregates; which stiffen the mixture under higher temperature and heavier loading conditions. Dynamic modulus results indicated a statistical significant difference for high percentage RAP mixtures.
NOAA 7926: A Kinked Ω-Loop?

Using vector magnetograms and X-ray images, we study the evolution of the decaying active region NOAA AR 7926. The active region had bipolar structure with a leading sunspot of positive (northern [N]) polarity—non-Hale polarity of cycle 22. Observations suggest that the following (southern [S]) polarity of this active region was in fact the leading (S) polarity of Active Region 7918 (AR 7918) of the previous solar rotation. Analyzing the rotation rate of both active regions and their magnetic field topology, we conclude that they form a single magnetic system resembling a kinked Ω-loop. During the first rotation, the upper part of the loop was exposed, forming a bipolar active region of normal (Hale) polarity. The rest of the Ω-loop had emerged by the time of the second rotation, giving the appearance of non-Hale polarity.
Influence of Motivation on Reactive Inhibition in Extra Version-Introversion:

Summary.-The present study was designed to examine the influence of reactive inhibition (defined as involuntary rest pauses) on the performance of a vigilance task by extraverts and introverrs. It was hypothesized that extraverts would perform mote poorly than introverrs when level of morivation was held constant. A personality inventory, a motivation questionnaire and a psychomotor (vigilance) task were administered to 50 female Ss, who were grouped as extraverts or introverts on the basis of their personality test scores. Level of motivation for the two groups was equated. Mean performance scores on the vigilance task for the rwo groups were compared. The results suggest that the concept oE reactive inhibition as applied by Eysenck may be used to explain the vigilance performance of extraverts and introverts. There was some support for Eysenck's finding that high levels of drive tend to obscure the performance difference between introverts and extraverts. Eysenck (1955) suggests thac extraverted and inuoverted behaviors are a function of cercain propercies of the central nervous system, especially those of the cortex. He (Eysenck, 1955, 1956) has published two sn~dies which support the concepc of reactive inhibition (II<) as he applied ic from the work of C. L. Hull ( 1943) to explain individual differences between extrovercs and inuoverts. In these two smdies, he used the concept of reactive inhibition to explain the individual differences wichin differenc types of populations and across different tasks. Studies by others tend to support Eysenck's hypothesis. Franks (1956) found that dysthemics are conditioned more rapidly chan hysterics. He used the eyeblink reflex sirn~iltaneoi~sly with the GSR and attributed his results to the presence of greater reactive inhibition in che extravert. However, Rechtschaffen ( 1958) poincs our that it is difficult to defend che reactive inhibition hypothesis with eyelid conditioning data. He feels thac the interval between trials is not favorable to account for the cum~ilacive effect of reactive inhibition. Rechtschaffen reported that this result neicher supported the relationship between the amount of aftereffect and extroversion, nor che acc~~mulation of In and extroversion. Eysenck ( 1959a) seems to have reconciled these apparently negative results in his Satiation/Inhibition cheory. Furthermore, Becker (1960) states that Rechtschaffen's results could be atcributed to chance since no correction for multiple comparisons of data was employed. Becker (1960) used modifications of several of Eysenck's tescs for reactive inhibition, cortical inhibition (basal), and saciation. He found that the concept
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

CASE PRESENTATION —Charles T. Bingham III, MD A 27-YEAR-OLD man was transferred to The Johns Hopkins Hospital for evaluation of delirium. Five days prior to admission he had presented to another hospital with hematemesis and syncope. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed the presence of a 0.5-cm gastric ulcer. The hematocrit value and the platelet count were low. The patient was treated with packed red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets. During the next few days, he developed agitation, confusion, and hallucinosis and was transferred to The Johns Hopkins Hospital. His past medical history was remarkable for alcoholic hepatitis. The patient drank a minimum of one pint of rum plus large volumes of wine daily. He denied taking any medications. On physical examination, the patient's temperature was 38.9°C; blood pressure, 128/86 mm Hg; pulse rate, 96 beats per minute; and respirations, 24/min. The sclerae were icteric. The liver and spleen were not enlarged, and the
BELL'S PALSY AND INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS

Abstract Three young adults with Bell's palsy had serological evidence of infectious mononucleosis; one had apparent reactivation of a latent Epstein-Barr virus infection with atypical lymphocytosis and splenomegaly. It is suggested that unilateral facial palsy in association with infectious mononucleosis may represent a mononeuritic variant of idiopathic facial diplegia and Guillain-Barresyndrome, both of which have also been associated with infectious mononucleosis.
Spatial frequency filtering in the pellicle plane

An approach to spatial frequency filtering is described where 'zero order' mask diffraction information is reduced, enhancing imaging performance. This method of resolution enhancement is accomplished by filtering in an alternative pupil plane of the objective lens, specifically near or beyond the mask pellicle plane. By introducing an angular specific transmission filter into the Fraunhofer diffraction field of the mask, user accessibility is introduced, allowing for a practical approach to frequency filtering. This is accomplished using a specifically designed interference filter coated over a transparent substrate. Analysis of the approach is given along with result from experiments for contact features using a full field high NA 148nm exposure tool.
Performance of the LPT algorithm in multiprocessor scheduling

Abstract The performance of the longest processing time first algorithm (LPT) in multiprocessor scheduling is investigated. The worst-case analysis for the deterministic models is performed when the processing times (Ti's) are nondecreasingly ordered (T1 ⩽ T2 ⩽ … ⩽ Tn). If T 1 ⩽ M M−1 T i−1 ,∀i, 2⩽i⩽n , then RL, the ratios of the makespans of the LPT schedules to the optimal schedules, is less than or equal to 1 + m − 1 n . In addition, a stochastic model is studied which shows that if Ti's are order statistics of n draws from the uniform distributed interval [0, 1], then ∀1, E[V 1 ]+⩽ m(m−1) 2(n+1) , where E[Vi]+ is an upper bound of the expected system idle time with respect to job i.
Hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure: Incidence, prevalence, and management

Multilevel inhibition of neurohormonal activation using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, β-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists is the cornerstone of modern heart failure treatment. Use of these agents in optimal doses is associated with significant improvements in heart failure-associated morbidity and mortality but also may increase serum potassium. Because potassium excretion already is impaired in many heart failure patients because of advanced age, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease, the risk of life-threatening hyperkalemia during treatment is significant. This review discusses the mechanisms, incidence, predictors, and management of hyperkalemia in heart failure, emphasizing the importance of careful patient selection for medical treatment and regular surveillance of potassium and creatinine.
Synthesis of Urethane Oils from C18 Fatty Isocyanates

For preparing mixed ester-urethane oils 2,2,-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol was reacted with linseed, safflower or tall oil and the corresponding fatty isocyanates to form the mono-ester and mono-urethanes respectively. These were then reacted with fatty isocyanates and fatty acids respectively to give the desired products in yields of 90% or better. The products varied from viscous liquids to waxy yellow solids according to the increasing number of urethane groups. Synthese von Urethanolen aus C18-Fettisocyanaten Zwecks Herstellung von gemischten Ester-Urethanolen wurde zunachst 2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxalan-4-methanol mit Fettsauren bzw. Fettisocyanaten von Lein-, Safflor- oder Tallol umgesetzt, um die entsprechenden Monoester bzw. Monourethane zu erhalten. Danach wurden die Monoester und Monourethane durch Umsetzung mit Fettisocyanaten und Fettsauren in the gewunschten Produkte uberfuhrt wobei die Ausbeuten 90% und hoher betrugen. Je nach der Anzahl der enthaltenen Urethangruppen liegen die Produkte als zahflussige bis gelbe wachsartige Massen vor.
Abstract C127: Crystal structure of the SIX1/EYA transcriptional complex reveals ways to inhibit SIX1-mediated breast tumorigenesis/metastasis.

The Six1 homeoprotein and members of the Eya family of co-activators are thought to form a bipartite transcription factor that is important in development and disease. Six1 and Eya are highly expressed during development, but their expression is lost in most adult tissues. Interestingly, Six1 and Eya are re-expressed in a variety of cancers, where they are known to promote both transformation and metastasis. However, a means to target the complex has remained elusive due to the recognized difficulties in targeting transcription factors. Thus, the molecular details of the protein-protein interface and an understanding of whether complex formation is necessary for tumorigenesis/metastasis are critical to the development of novel anti-cancer therapies targeting the Six1/Eya complex. Here we describe the 1.9 A resolution crystal structure of the Six1/Eya complex revealing unexpected protein binding interfaces. The interaction resembles that of the p53/HDM2 complex, with a single helix of Six1 binding in a hydrophobic groove in Eya, both distant from sites originally thought to be involved in the Six1/Eya interaction. Remarkably, we show that a single amino acid substitution in Six1, involving a residue in the Eya binding interface, is sufficient to inhibit complex formation and to inhibit properties associated with Six1-induced tumorigenesis/metastasis. Since Six1 and Eya are regulators of embryonic development and are scarcely expressed in adult tissues, inhibition of the Six1/Eya pathway likely will lead to limited side effects in the adult. In addition, since 50–90% of breast cancer patients over-express Six1, therapies targeting the complex are likely to benefit a significant proportion of breast cancer patients, and an even greater proportion of patients with metastatic disease. Together, our findings suggest that inhibiting the Six1-Eya helical interface is a potential mechanism to develop novel, anti-breast cancer agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C127.
The Contributions of Epidemiology to the Understanding of Childhood Seizures and Epilepsy

Up through the 1960s, studies of epilepsy were based on patients seen in tertiary referral centers, many of whom had refractory epilepsy. Based on these early studies, epilepsy was believed to be a chronic, progressive, and incurable disorder. Seizures were thought to cause damage and result in further seizures. Clinical management of children with seizures reflected these beliefs. Over the last 25 to 30 years, epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that, contrary to these earlier beliefs, the prognosis of most childhood seizures and epilepsy is excellent. Prognosis is largely determined by the underlying etiology and not the seizures themselves. The differences in the assessment of the prognosis of seizures derived from the earlier studies versus the later epidemiologic studies are largely due to several biases that occurred in the earlier studies. These biases are explained. Several examples are provided of how the epidemiologic studies have greatly altered the prevailing views regarding the prognosis of seizures, and, by doing so, the management of seizures.
Marginal abatement cost curves and the quality of emission reductions: : a case study on Brazil

Decision makers facing emission-reduction targets need to decide which abatement measures to implement, and in which order. This article investigates how marginal abatement cost (MAC) curves can inform such a decision. We re-analyse a MAC curve built for Brazil by 2030, and show that misinterpreting MAC curves as abatement supply curves can lead to suboptimal strategies. It would lead to (1) under-investment in expensive, long-to-implement and large-potential options, such as clean transportation infrastructure, and (2) over-investment in cheap but limited-potential options such as energy-efficiency improvement in refineries. To mitigate this issue, the article proposes a new graphical representation of MAC curves that explicitly renders the time required to implement each measure.Policy relevanceIn addition to the cost and potential of available options, designing optimal short-term policies requires information on long-term targets (e.g. halving emissions by 2050) and on the speed at which measures can ...
SYNAPTIC "LEARNING" DUE TO ELECTROOSMOSIS: A THEORY.

Since the interstitial water of the central nervous system is in narrow channels between cells that have surface charge, electroosmotic flow of water should accompany current flow. Current density is high close to an excitatory postsynaptic membrane and the electroosmotic effect must be significant. Simultaneity relationships between action potentials in pre- and postsynaptic cells affect postsynaptic membrane current density and modulate the effect in a way which should produce "learning."
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Growing Concern for Health Care Professionals

Objective To provide an integrated review of the literature on fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE), focusing on the definition of FAS/FAE, their incidence and related problems, gestational research findings, FAS symptoms, the effects of prenatal alcohol consumption on offspring over time, and FAS/FAE preventive measures. Data Sources Computerized searches of MEDLINE and Web sites, as well as reference lists from published articles on FAS/FAE from 1973 to present. Study Selection Literature was chosen from refereed journals and from current publications of the National Organization of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Data Extraction Data were extracted using keywords relevant to FAS and FAS prevention. Data Synthesis The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can harm the fetus irreparably. Preventive measures can be helpful in decreasing or stopping the use of alcohol during pregnancy. Conclusions Alcohol is a definite teratogen. The amount of alcohol, if any, that can be safely consumed during pregnancy, the exact physiological mechanisms that make alcohol unsafe for the fetus, and the most effective prevention measures have yet to be identified. FAS/FAE is still increasing in the United States.
Laser-induced fluorescence detection of HCO in a low-pressure flame

We report the first laser-induced fluorescence measurement of the formyl radical, HCO, in a flame environment. A methane/oxygen flame =1.03, was burned at 5.8 Torr. The (0,0,2) vibrational level of thestate (which in emission forms the hydrocarbon flame bands) was excited at 245 nm. Dispersed fluorescence spectra confirmed the identification. Profiles of HCO, OH and temperature were determined using LIF. Spectroscopic aspects, including line assignments, interferences from OH and O 2 , and further information needed for quantitative measurements, are discussed. A flame model shows the correct ordering for the appearance of these radicals (as well as CH and singlet CH 2 ) as a function of height, but predicts all species to arise later in the flame than measured.
Surface stress relaxation and resulting residual stress in glass fibers: A new mechanical strengthening mechanism of glasses

Abstract Glass surfaces exhibit faster relaxation than the bulk at a constant temperature in the presence of either a liquid water or water vapor atmosphere. Permanent bending of glass fibers at temperatures lower than their glass transition temperatures in an atmosphere containing water vapor or in liquid water was attributed to and analyzed in terms of surface stress relaxation and the resulting surface residual stress. It was found that the fiber bending kinetics are controlled by water diffusion into the glass surface and that glasses with a faster transition crack velocity from region I (linear relation between logarithm of crack velocity and stress intensity factor) to the fatigue limit exhibited a faster rate of surface stress relaxation. It was suggested that this surface stress relaxation and resulting residual stress is the cause of various strengthening phenomena of glasses such as static fatigue limit and coaxing.
Cortical afferents to behaviorally defined regions of the inferior temporal and parahippocampal gyri as demonstrated by WGA-HRP.

The inferior temporal gyrus in the monkey appears to be unique among the many extrastriate visual cortices in its importance for normal performance of delayed match-to-sample, a visual memory task. However, the anatomical pathway providing visual information to this portion of the temporal lobe remains unclear. In this study, wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the anterior inferior temporal gyrus and heavy projections were found to arise in cytoarchitectural area TF of the parahippocampal gyrus, as well as moderate projections in more posterior portions of inferior temporal gyrus and perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. Subsequently, WGA-HRP was injected into area TF, resulting in retrogradely labeled cells primarily located in the portions of area TF adjacent to the injection and also in the occipitotemporal sulcus including the ventral portion of the prestriate visual area V4. Moderate projections were found to originate from the dorsal region of area V4 in the lunate sulcus, portions of the caudal parietal lobe, the posterior bank of caudal superior temporal sulcus, and area OPT located at the tip of the superior temporal sulcus. The middle temporal gyrus, foveal prestriate cortex, and area TEO, a transitional area between temporal and occipital visual areas, were all free from retrogradely labeled cells. These latter areas are included in the well-established anatomical system that is known to carry visual information from striate cortex through prestriate to eventually reach dorsal portions of inferotemporal cortex which is coincident with the temporal lobe visual area TE. It is suggested here that there is an additional ventral pathway into area TE as well, which includes projections through portions of the prestriate cortex, occipitotemporal sulcus, and parahippocampal gyrus, ultimately reaching the anterior inferior temporal gyrus, an area that may be specialized to hold visual information over brief periods of time. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Relativistic effects in high-energy inelastic electron-atom collisions

Abstract In the approximation that electron-electron interactions at high incident electron energies (≈40 keV) may be taken as coulombic, an expression for the integral inelastic cross section for all inelastic collisions is given for the hydrogen atom and is easily generalizable to more complex atoms. Results are presented which indicate that relativistic effects in the above energy range can amount to upwards of 15% of the nonrelativistic results. For the differential cross sections, it is found that such corrections are most important for small-angle scattering.
Stability of Resistance to Leaf Disease in Orchardgrass and Smooth Bromegrass Germplasms

Genetic resistance is the only practical method to control foliar diseases on forage grasses. Once developed, resistance must be transmitted, without selection, through several generations of seed increase. This study was conducted to determine whether disease resistance would be maintained when disease resistant germplasms were advanced two generations without conscious selection for disease resistance. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) germplasm PL-OGDR1 resistant to purple leaf spot (caused by Stagonospora arenaria Sacc.), and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leysser) germplasm PL-BDRI resistant to brown leaf spot [caused by Pyrenophora bromi (Died.) Drechs.] were used to initiate this study. Plants of the germplasm releases, two populations produced by unselected advance, and three cultivars of each species were rated for disease reaction in two greenhouse inoculation tests [...]
Effects of 1-alkanols on separation performance in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

The effects of alcohols on separation performance in micellar electrokinetic chromatography were investigated using a test mixture containing a variety of substituted phenols. The addition of small amounts (0.5% v/v) of 1-alkyl alcohols (1-alkanols) into the electrophoretic buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was found to improve the resolution of certain solutes by extending the elution range and changing the selectivity, without causing significant variations in the electroosmotic velocity or column efficiency. The enhancement in resolution was found to be a function of the carbon chain length (C4C8) as well as the mole ratio of the 1-alkanols.
Cross-Entropy Based Testing

In simulation-based verification, we check the correctness of a given program by executing it on some input vectors. Even for medium-size programs, exhaustive testing is impossible. Thus, many errors are left undetected. The problem of increasing the exhaustiveness of testing and decreasing the number of undetected errors is the main problem of software testing. In this paper, we present a novel approach to software testing, which allows us to dramatically raise the probability of catching rare errors in large programs. Our approach is based on the cross-entropy method. We define a performance function, which is higher in the neighborhood of an error or a pattern we are looking for. Then, the program is executed many times, choosing input vectors from some random distribution. The starting distribution is usually uniform, and it is changed at each iteration based on the vectors with highest value of the performance function in the previous iteration. The crossentropy method was shown to be very efficient in estimating the probabilities of rare events and in searching for solutions for hard optimization problems. Our experiments show that the cross-entropy method is also very efficient in locating rare bugs and patterns in large programs.We show the experimental results of our cross-entropy based testing tool and compare them to the performance of ConTest and of Java scheduler.
Development of a gas standard reference material containing eighteen volatile organic compounds

A procedure to prepare primary gas cylinder standards for eighteen volatile organic compounds (VOC's) at the 1–15 nmol/mol (ppb) level was developed. The gas standards that were prepared by this procedure were intercompared by using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The data, gravimetric concentration of the standards versus the respective GC peak area response, were plotted for each compound and fitted using linear regression. The regression analysis showed excellent agreement among the standards for each compound. These gas standards were evaluated over a period of 2 years and were determined to be stable and accurate. This research resulted in the development of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1804, which contains these 18 volatile organic compounds in nitrogen at a nominal concentration of 5 nmol/mol for each compound. A batch of cylinders containing the mixture was procured from a commercial supplier. Each cylinder in the batch was analyzed for each of the 18 components. The data showed that the batch was homogeneous and stable for 15 of the 18 organic compounds, resulting in certification and issuance of SRM 1804.
Prevention of cervix cancer

Cervix carcinoma is an important health problem world-wide, being the second most common cancer among women, ranking first in many developing countries. A number of important epidemiological risk factors have been identified as contributing to the development of CIN and invasive cervix carcinoma. Of key importance is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the primary risk factor. There are evolving primary and secondary preventive strategies that could further reduce the burden from cervical carcinoma. The possible primary preventive strategies include risk reduction, diet or dietary supplements, HPV vaccines, and other chemopreventive agents. The possible advances in secondary preventive strategies include new technologies for Pap smears, HPV typing triage, and other adjuvant screening procedures. The impact of these strategies will depend upon evidence to support their use along with the characteristics of the population and environment in which they are used.
Synthesis and In Vitro Biocompatibility of Injectable Polyurethane Foam Scaffolds

The development of therapeutics for orthopedic clinical indications exploiting minimally invasive surgical techniques has substantial benefits, especially for treatment of fragility fractures in the distal radius of osteoporotics and vertebral compression fractures. We have designed six formulations of injectable polyurethane foams to address these clinical indications. The polyurethanes were prepared by mixing two liquid components and injecting the reactive liquid mixture into a mold where it hardens in situ. Porous polyurethane foams were synthesized from lysine methyl ester diisocyanate, a poly(e-caprolactone-co-glycolide) triol, a tertiary amine catalyst, anionic and non-ionic stabilizers, and a fatty acid pore opener. The rise time of the foams varied from 8–20 min. The porosity was approximately 95% and the pores varied in size from 100–1000 µm. The polyurethane foams supported attachment of viable (>95%) MG-63 cells under dynamic seeding conditions. We anticipate compelling opportunities will be a...
Carbon Nanopaper Sheets for Damping Applications: Processing and Characterization

Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers have been used as nanofillers for high performance damping composite materials in recent years. The large specific area (1000 m2 /g) and aspect ratio (>1000) of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers promote significant interfacial friction between carbon nanotubes/nanofibers and the polymer matrix. The high stiffness and strength of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers enlarge the differences in the strains of individual constituents of the composites, which causes much higher energy dissipation in the polymer matrix. However, adding small amount of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers will significant increase the viscosity of polymer resin, which makes the dispersion and resin flow through the porous fiber mats extremely difficult. In addition, the fiber mats will filter carbon nanotubes and nanofibers during liquid molding process such as Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM). A unique concept of manufacturing nanocomposites with carbon nanotube/nanofiber based nanopaper sheets for structural damping applications has recently been explored. This approach involves making carbon nanopaper sheet by the filtration of well-dispersed carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers under controlled processing conditions. Subsequently, carbon nanopaper sheets are integrated into composite laminates using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process. In this study, several nanocomposite plates were fabricated with carbon nanopaper sheet as surface layer. For the comparative study, the regular composite plates without carbon nanopaper sheet were also fabricated. To identify the damping characteristics of each specimen, the Frequency Response Function (FRF) was estimated by a pair of piezoceramic patches: one as an actuator to excite the specimen and the other as a sensor to detect the induced vibrations. From the FRF, the damping ratio of the specimen at each modal frequency of interests was calculated. The experimental results clearly show a significant improvement of damping properties of nanocomposites plates. This research demonstrates structural damping enhancement via carbon nanopaper sheets and provided basic understanding of the damping characteristics for the optimal design and fabrication of high performance damping composites, which have the potential to be used as structural components for many applications.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A CHARACTERIZATION OF PRODUCTS OF BALLS BY THEIR ISOTROPY GROUPS

In this paper we will characterize products of balls – especially the ball and the polydisc – in \(\mathbb{C}^n\) by properties of the isotropy group of a single point. It will be shown that such a characterization is possible in the class of Siegel domains of the second kind, a class that extends the class of bounded homogeneous domains, and that such a characterization is no longer possible in the class of bounded domains with noncompact automorphism groups. The main result is that a Siegel domain of the second kind \(G\subset\mathbb{C}^n\) is biholomorphically equivalent to a product of balls, iff there is a point \(p\in G\) such that the isotropy group of p contains a torus of dimension n. As an application it will be proved that the only domains biholomorphically equivalent to a Siegel domain of the second kind and to a Reinhardt domain are exactly the domains biholomorphically equivalent to a product of b alls.
Selective Anion Binding from Water Using Soluble Polymers

We investigated water-soluble dendrimers and polymers as ligands for selective anion binding. PAMAM Starburst dendrimers and polyethylenimine have been chemically modified to incorporate new ligands or hydrogen bonding groups at the primary amines. These molecules, along with the unmodified parent compounds, bind arsenate, chromate, and phosphate, even in the presence of competing anions such as chloride. Such systems could potentially be employed for remediation of contaminated water and soils using well-established ultrafiltration technology. Selectivity is achieved through bringing together moieties with a combination of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding capabilities. Total binding capacity for several metallooxyanions has been determined, as well as relative ion selectivity.
Interference by the mantispid Mantispa uhleri with the development of the spider Lycosa rabida

. 1. The larvae of Mantispa uhleri Banks (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) board spiders to await the production of an egg sac containing their obligate developmental food. While aboard the spider, larvae maintain themselves by feeding on spider blood. This parasitic behaviour was investigated by allowing larvae to board sixth instar Lycosa rabida Walckenaer (Araneae: Lycosidae). Larval parasitism has a direct and indirect effect on the developmental physiology of the spider. 2. The direct effect, equal in both spider sexes, is an increase in development time and a decrease in adult size. 3. The indirect effect on development time and adult size is brought about by the loss of an instar in female spiders only. Parasitized females were mature at nine or ten instars; control females at ten or eleven. Male instar number was not affected; both control and parasitized males were mature at nine or ten instars. 4. The net result is that parasitized female spiders are even smaller than would be predicted from the direct effect alone, but actually mature faster than control females. In males there is only the direct effect. The adaptive significance of this sexually dimorphic response is discussed.
Ternary relationship decomposition and higher normal form structures derived from entity relationship conceptual modeling

Our paper looks at the potential decomposition of ternary relationships in ER modeling. We suggest that the decomposition of ternary relationships is not provided for by traditional normalization theory which does not consider the specific and implicit semantics of these structures. We provide an analysis which identifies the lossless, functional dependency preserving equivalency between ternary relationships and subsequent binary decompositions. This demonstration of equivalency is based on notation, constructs and semantic requirements which are available at the entity relationship modeling level. We provide a template showing all allowable combinations of ternary/binary cardinalities, and which of those can be losslessly decomposed while preserving functional dependencies. Because of the nature of ternary relationships and the implicit involvement of composite keys, comparisons are often made to the higher normal forms. We discuss the obvious similarities between the decomposition of ternary relationships presented in this paper and the traditional theory behind 4NF and 5NF decompositions. We show that from an entity relationship modeling perspective, it is impractical and inappropriate to consider ternary relationship decomposition under the umbrella of higher normal form decomposition. We suggest that although the theory of the higher normal forms is sound, it has limited practical application when considering ternary relationships. We also discuss the relevancy of this work with regard to their representation in CASE tools, and the inability of binary modeling to logically represent certain ternary relationship cardinalities.
Lepton-flavored asymmetric dark matter and interference in direct detection

In flavored dark matter models, dark matter can scatter off of nuclei through Higgs and photon exchange, both of which can arise from renormalizable interactions and individually lead to strong constraints from direct detection. While these two interaction channels can destructively interfere in the scattering amplitude, for a thermal relic with equal abundances for the dark matter particle and its antiparticle, this produces no effect on the total event rate. Focusing on lepton-flavored dark matter, we show that it is quite natural for dark matter to have become asymmetric during high-scale leptogenesis, and that in this case the direct detection bounds can be significantly weakened due to interference. We quantify this by mapping out and comparing the regions of parameter space that are excluded by direct detection for the symmetric and asymmetric cases of lepton-flavored dark matter. In particular, we show that the entire parameter region except for a narrow Higgs resonance window is ruled out in the symmetric case for fermion dark matter when the coupling to the Higgs dominates over the coupling to leptons, while large portions of parameter space are still allowed for the asymmetric case. The same is also true for a dark matter mass above 8 GeV for scalar dark matter when the coupling to leptons dominates over the coupling to the Higgs.
Risks to aquatic organisms posed by human pharmaceutical use

In order to help prioritize future research efforts within the US, risks associated with exposure to human prescription pharmaceutical residues in wastewater were estimated from marketing and pharmacological data. Masses of 371 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) dispensed in the US in 2004 were estimated from marketing data, and then divided by therapeutic dose rate to normalize for potency. Metabolic inactivation of the 50 most dispensed APIs was estimated from published data, and active metabolites were tabulated. Comparing maximum likely average wastewater concentrations of API-associated activity to exposure rates that produce therapeutic effects in humans suggests that the threat to healthy human adults from aquatic exposure is low, even when likely mixture effects are considered. Comparing predicted wastewater concentrations to human therapeutic plasma concentrations suggests that some APIs may be present at sufficient concentrations to affect organisms which eliminate them inefficiently. Comparing predicted antimicrobial concentrations to published minimum inhibitory concentrations suggests that antibacterial APIs in wastewater, but probably not antifungal APIs, may select for low-level antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomic distribution of molecular targets of the 50 most dispensed APIs suggests that potential effects of some APIs are likely restricted to vertebrates, while other APIs can probably affect many eukaryotic and prokaryotic clades.
Structural Biology of Shared Cytokine Receptors

Recent structural information for complexes of cytokine receptor ectodomains bound to their ligands has significantly expanded our understanding of the macromolecular topology and ligand recognition mechanisms used by our three principal shared cytokine signaling receptors—gp130, γc, and βc. The gp130 family receptors intricately coordinate three structurally unique cytokine-binding sites on their four-helix bundle cytokine ligands to assemble multimeric signaling complexes. These organizing principles serve as topological blueprints for the entire gp130 family of cytokines. Novel structures of γc and βc complexes show us new twists, such as the use of a nonstandard sushi-type α receptors for IL-2 and IL-15 in assembling quaternary γc signaling complexes and an antiparallel interlocked dimer in the GM-CSF signaling complex with βc. Unlike gp130, which appears to recognize vastly different cytokine surfaces in chemically unique fashions for each ligand, the γc-dependent cytokines appear to seek out some se...
Lion, ungulate, and visitor reactions to playbacks of lion roars at Zoo Atlanta.

Felids in captivity are often inactive and elusive in zoos, leading to a frustrating visitor experience. Eight roars were recorded from an adult male lion and played back over speakers as auditory enrichment to benefit the lions while simultaneously enhancing the zoo visitor experience. In addition, ungulates in an adjacent exhibit were observed to ensure that the novel location and increased frequency of roars did not lead to a stress or fear response. The male lion in this study roared more in the playback phase than in the baseline phases while not increasing any behaviors that would indicate compromised welfare. In addition, zoo visitors remained at the lion exhibit longer during playback. The nearby ungulates never exhibited any reactions stronger than orienting to playbacks, identical to their reactions to live roars. Therefore, naturalistic playbacks of lion roars are a potential form of auditory enrichment that leads to more instances of live lion roars and enhances the visitor experience without ...
Climatology of Lake-Effect Precipitation Events over Lake Tahoe and Pyramid Lake

AbstractThe frequency, timing, and environmental conditions of lake-effect (LE) precipitation over Lake Tahoe and Pyramid Lake in northern California and western Nevada were examined for the 14 winters (September–March) from 1996/97 through 2009/10. Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data from Reno, Nevada (KRGX), were used to identify 62 LE events. LE precipitation occurred as single bands extending downwind from overlake areas, and as isolated regions of overlake precipitation with little or no extension over land. Mesoscale vortices were also identified during both Lake Tahoe and Pyramid Lake LE events. An average of 4.4 LE events occurred each winter in the Lake Tahoe and Pyramid Lake region, with events occurring most frequently in October. LE events had an average duration of 6.3 h, approximately half the duration of LE events observed over Lake Champlain, the New York State Finger Lakes, or the Great Salt Lake. The observed conditions during LE events in the Lake Tahoe and Pyramid La...
The effect of a Spanish virtual pain coach for older adults: a pilot study.

Objective. To pilot test the effects of a virtual pain coach on ambulatory Spanish-speaking older adults with pain from osteoarthritis. Methods. A randomized, controlled design was used. Eighteen Spanish-speaking older adults were randomly assigned to the virtual pain coach and pain communication education group, or to the pain communication education-only group. All participants viewed the pain communication videotape. Participants in the virtual pain coach group practiced talking about their osteoarthritis pain with the virtual pain coach. Immediately after the respective intervention, participants had their ambulatory medical visit. Pain intensity and pain interference with activities were measured with the Brief Pain Inventory, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory II at baseline and 1 month later. Results. No significant group difference emerged for pain intensity, pain interference with activities, or depressive symptoms 1 month later. More older adults in the virtual pain coach group reported a change from nonuse to use of opioids at 1 month, 50% vs 0% of the education only group, Fisher's exact test, P = 0.023. Conclusions. Preliminary data indicate that the Spanish virtual pain coach might assist Spanish-speaking older adults to talk with their practitioner about their osteoarthritis pain and obtain opioid treatment changes, but that pain and depressive symptoms continue unchanged 1 month later. Additional refinement and testing is required for the Spanish-speaking virtual pain coach to determine acceptability and outcomes for assisting Spanish-speaking older adults to communicate about their pain with their primary care practitioner.
Side-chain conformational entropy in protein unfolded states.

The largest force disfavoring the folding of a protein is the loss of conformational entropy. A large contribution to this entropy loss is due to the side-chains, which are restricted, although not immobilized, in the folded protein. In order to accurately estimate the loss of side-chain conformational entropy that occurs upon folding it is necessary to have accurate estimates of the amount of entropy possessed by side-chains in the ensemble of unfolded states. A new scale of side-chain conformational entropies is presented here. This scale was derived from Monte Carlo computer simulations of small peptide models. It is demonstrated that the entropies are independent of host peptide length. This new scale has the advantage over previous scales of being more precise with low standard errors. Better estimates are obtained for long (e.g., Arg and Lys) and rare (e.g., Trp and Met) side-chains. Excellent agreement with previous side-chain entropy scales is achieved, indicating that further advancements in accuracy are likely to be small at best. Strikingly, longer side-chains are found to possess a smaller fraction of the theoretical maximum entropy available than short side-chains. This indicates that rotations about torsions after χ2 are significantly affected by side-chain interactions with the polypeptide backbone. This finding invalidates previous assumptions about side-chain-backbone interactions. Proteins 2000;40:443–450. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Molecular recognition of chromophore molecules to amine terminated surfaces

We report the design and characterization of quartz surfaces that can bind to three retinal based chromophores. The amine terminated surfaces were engineered in order to mimic the environment of the opsin protein that accommodates binding of chromophore molecules in the human eye. Each surface coupling step was characterized by water contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission infrared spectroscopy. The spectroscopic techniques confirmed that the three chromophore molecules can bind to the surface using a Schiff base mode. Our data suggests that the availability of the amine groups on the surface is critical in the accommodation of the binding of different chromophores.
Model of Two-Phase Flow and Flooding Dynamics in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

A mathematical model for two-phase flow and flooding dynamics in polymer electrolyte fuel cells PEFCs has been developed based on recent experimental observations. This three-dimensional PEFC model consists of four submodels to account for two-phase phenomena, including a catalyst coverage model in the catalyst layer, a two-phase transport model in the gas diffusion layer GDL, a liquid coverage model at the GDL-channel interface, and a two-phase flow model in the gas channel GC .T he multiphase mixture M 2 model is employed to describe liquid water transport in the GDL while a mist flow model is used in the gas channel. An interfacial coverage model by liquid water at the GDL/GC interface is developed, for the first time, to account for water droplet emergence on the GDL surface. The inclusion of this interfacial model not only gives the present two-phase model a capability to predict the cathode flooding effect on cell performance, but also ultimately removes the inability of prior two-phase models to correctly capture effects of the gas velocity or stoichiometry on cell performance. Water management is a central issue in design and optimization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells PEFCs. There are two wellunderstood reasons: first, the proton conductivity of the electrolyte membrane depends strongly on hydration; second, the presence of excessive liquid water covers catalyst sites in the catalyst layer as well as blocks the oxygen transport in the gas diffusion layer GDL, resulting in substantial concentration polarization. Therefore, a delicate balance of water in the cell must be maintained to ensure proper operation. Because the oxygen reduction reaction ORR in the cathode catalyst layer produces water, prevention of liquid water flooding is especially crucial on the cathode side of the cell.