cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corporate policy documents: how boundary objects engage permanent peripheral participation

ion: all perspectives are served at once by deletion of features that are specific to each perspective (e.g., a map abstracts from the terrain only certain features such as distance and elevation). Accommodation: the boundary object lends itself to various activities (e.g., the office building can accommodate the various practices of its tenants, its caretakers, its owners, and so forth). Standardization: the information contained in a boundary object is in a prespecified form so that each constituency knows how to deal with it locally (for example, a questionnaire that specifies how to provide some information by answering certain questions). (107) If the artifact can be used in only one way by the various communities of practice who use it, then it is not a boundary objectit is only an artifact. The artifact must meet all four of the criteria that Star established to be a boundary object. Does the dealer policy at GymEquip' s qualify as a boundary object? Yes. It meets Star's criteria. The policy satisfies the maxim of modularity because the dealers attend to the content of the policy while GymEquip part-time office employees attend only to the signature line. The dealer policy abstracts from dealer and company practices only the most important features of the relationship such as requirements and procedures. Accommodation is satisfied because the dealer policy engages in multiple activities: as a contract, as an instructional document, and as a cultural symbol. The dealer policy satisfies the maxim of standardization because the dealers know to read, sign and return it, and the office staff knows to record its signature and receipt. 4 For example, the dealer policy at GymEquip does not address what specific dealerships would do as part of their own individual communities of practice because only that specific dealership would understand because only that specific perspective would be addressed. Rather, the dealer policy serves all dealers by discussing features that are common to all the dealers: shipping, payment terms, GymEquip support, etc.
Cardiovascular Aging and Anesthesia

Age-related cardiovascular pathologic changes are inevitable and cardiovascular diseases are common in many older patients. Thus, in order to effectively treat geriatric patients, anesthesiologists should be able to recognize the contributions of both normal aging and overt disease to decrease cardiovascular reserve as well as understand the impact of anesthesia on cardiovascular homeostasis in the elderly.
Integration of public health and primary care: A systematic review of the current literature in primary care physician mediated childhood obesity interventions.

Summary Introduction Childhood obesity, with its growing prevalence, detrimental effects on population health and economic burden, is an important public health issue in the United States and worldwide. There is need for expansion of the role of primary care physicians in obesity interventions. The primary aim of this review is to explore primary care physician (PCP) mediated interventions targeting childhood obesity and assess the roles played by physicians in the interventions. Methods A systematic review of the literature published between January 2007 and October 2014 was conducted using a combination of keywords like “childhood obesity”, “paediatric obesity”, “childhood overweight”, “paediatric overweight”, “primary care physician”, “primary care settings”, “healthcare teams”, and “community resources” from MEDLINE and CINAHL during November 2014. Author name(s), publication year, sample size, patient's age, study and follow-up duration, intervention components, role of PCP, members of the healthcare team, and outcomes were extracted for this review. Results Nine studies were included in the review. PCP-mediated interventions were composed of behavioural, education and technological interventions or a combination of these. Most interventions led to positive changes in Body Mass Index (BMI), healthier lifestyles and increased satisfaction among parents. PCPs participated in screening and diagnosing, making referrals for intervention, providing nutrition counselling, and promoting physical activity. PCPs, Dietitians and nurses were often part of the healthcare team. Conclusion PCP-mediated interventions have the potential to effectively curb childhood obesity. However, there is a further need for training of PCPs, and explain new types of interventions such as the use of technology.
The problematics of human subjectivity : Gilles Deleuze and the Deweyan legacy

This article is part of alarger project exploring the continuity betweentwo philosophical positions – that of Frenchpoststructuralist Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)and John Dewey – that appear at first sight tobe separated by time, place and culture. Thescope of the present paper is necessarilylimited and focuses on one aspect of theproject, namely: the problematics ofsubjectivity, or subject formation, inDeleuze's philosophy. Deleuze's position isestablished as pragmatic by virtue of itssharing the value allotted by Dewey toexperiential and experimental inquiry inphilosophy. By drawing initial parallels with anumber of selected Dewey's excerpts, this paperaims to open up a space for the imaginarydialogue between two philosophical thoughts soas to consider a possibility for applyingDeleuze's philosophy to educational theory andpractice in the context of current debates andin a manner continuous with the Deweyan legacy.The paper concludes by affirming Deleuze'splace in the contemporary scholarship on Dewey.
The Concepts of Psychiatry: A Pluralistic Approach to the Mind and Mental Illness

Contents: PART I: Theory: What Clinicians Think and Why1. The Status Quo: Dogmatism, the Biopsychosocial Model, and Alternatives 2. What There is: Of Mind and Brain 3. How We Know: Understanding the Mind 4. What is Scientific Method? 5. Reading Karl Jasper's General Psychopathology 6. What Is Scientific Method in Psychiatry 7. Darwin's Dangerous Method: The Essentialist Fallacy 8. What We Value: The Ethics of Psychiatry 9. Desire and Self: Hellenistic and Eastern Approaches PART II: Practice: What Clinicians Do and Why 10. On the Nature of Mental Illness: Disease of Myth? 11. Order out of Chaos? The Evolution of Psychiatric Nosology 12. A Theory of DSM-IV: Ideal Types 13. Dimensions versus Categories 14. The Perils of Belief: Psychosis 15. The Slings and Arrows of Outrageous Fortune: Depression 16. Life's Roller Coaster: Mania 17. Being Self-Aware: Insight 18. Psychopharmacology: Calvinism or Hedonism? 19. Truth and Statistics: Problems of Empirical Psychiatry 20. A Climate of Opinion: What Remains of Psychoanalysis 21. Being There: Existential Psychotherapy 22. Beyond Eclecticism: Integrating Psychotherapy and Psychopharmacology PART III: After Eclecticism 23. Bridging the Biology-Psychology Dichotomy: The Hopes of Integrationism 24. Why It Is Hard to Be Pluralist
Long-term back pain after a single-level discectomy for radiculopathy: incidence and health care cost analysis

Object The most common spinal procedure performed in the US is lumbar discectomy for disc herniation. Longterm disc degeneration and height loss occur in many patients after lumbar discectomy. The incidence of mechanical back pain following discectomy varies widely in the literature, and its associated health care costs are unknown. The authors set out to determine the incidence of and the health care costs associated with mechanical back pain attributed to segmental degeneration or instability at the level of a prior discectomy performed at their institution. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the data for 111 patients who underwent primary, single-level lumbar hemilaminotomy and discectomy for radiculopathy. All diagnostic modalities, conservative therapies, and operative treatments used for the management of postdiscectomy back pain were recorded. Institutional billing and accounting records were reviewed to determine the billed costs of all diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Results At a m...
As-deposited low-strain LPCVD polysilicon

As-deposited polysilicon films with very low residual strain (lower than 5*10/sup -5/) are obtained by a low-pressure, chemical-vapor-deposition (LPCVD) process. Straight polysilicon bridges 300 mu m long, 1.2 mu m thick, and 2 to 20 mu m wide, have been made using this process. No buckling has been observed in any of the nearly 1000 bridges of this type made in two separate process runs. In addition, no problems of sticking between the bridges and the substrate were encountered with these structures. >
Synthesis and luminescence properties of a series of tris(4-styrylphenyl)phosphorus-(III) and -(V) compounds and of a [Cu(PR3)4]BF4 complex

The series of compounds PR3, OPR3, MeR3PI, Cl2PR3 and [Cu(PR3)4]BF4 (R = (E)-4-(4-tert-butylstyryl)phenyl) has been prepared and optical properties explored by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of geometry and coordination number on luminescence intensity is presented.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CALCIUM SENSITIVITY OF DIFFERENTIATION IN SCC-13 HUMAN SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA CELLS

The sensitivity to calcium of the human squamous carcinoma cell line, SCC-13, was demonstrated and characterized. Cultures grown to confluence in the presence of 0.2 to 2 mM calcium had approximately 10-fold higher levels of particulate transglutaminase activity and envelope competence than those grown in low calcium (0.025 to 0.05 mM) medium. Raising the calcium from 0.025 to 1.8 mM induced expression of this enzyme and of competence over the course of a week. Conversely, for cultures grown to confluence in 1.8 mM calcium, subsequent reduction of calcium to 0.025 mM resulted in a substantial decline in transglutaminase over a similar time period. Immunoprecipitable transglutaminase was clearly identifiable in cultures grown in 1.8 mM calcium-containing medium but not in those grown in low calcium medium or in the presence of retinoic acid, suggestive of regulation at the level of mRNA accumulation or translation rather than posttranslational modification.
Pseudoprime factorizations of integer matrices

Abstract We give a method of factoring integer matrices in Z n × n into components such that the factorization is not unique unless certain information is known. In Section 2, we introduce this method of factorization and provide theorems which establish its well-definedness. In Section 3, we construct a matrix in SL ( n , Z ) as a product of specific types of matrices and establish an algorithm for factoring the result uniquely given an amount of information.
The role of the second coordination sphere of [Ni(PCy2NBz2)2](BF4)2 in reversible carbon monoxide binding.

The complex [Ni(PCy2NBz2)2](BF4)2, 1, reacts rapidly and reversibly with carbon monoxide (1 atm) at 25 °C to form [Ni(CO)(PCy2NBz2)2](BF4)2, 2, which has been characterized by spectroscopic data and by an X-ray diffraction study. In contrast, analogous Ni(II) carbonyl adducts were not observed in studies of several other related nickel(II) diphosphine complexes. The unusual reactivity of 1 is attributed to a complex interplay of electronic and structural factors, with an important contribution being the ability of two positioned amines in the second coordination sphere to act in concert to stabilize the CO adduct. The proposed interaction is supported by X-ray diffraction data for 2 which shows that all of the chelate rings of the cyclic ligands are in boat conformations, placing two pendant amines close (3.30 and 3.38 A) to the carbonyl carbon. Similar close C−N interactions are observed in the crystal structure of the more sterically demanding isocyanide adduct, [Ni(CNCy)(PCy2NBz2)2]2(BF4)2, 4. The data...
Thermodynamics of brine-salt equilibria — II. The system NaCl-KCl-H2O from 0 to 200°C

Abstract Thermodynamic functions describing salt solubilities and activities in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O have been obtained over the temperature range 0–200°C using existing isopiestic and solubility data. The two-parameter equation used previously at 25°C was sufficient to characterize the activity coefficient of the aqueous binary systems from infinite dilution to saturation, and the mixing behavior could be described by Harned's Rule over this temperature range. Activity coefficients have been calculated for NaCl-KCl-H2O mixtures as a function of temperature using the expression: log γ ±A = − Aγ√I/(1+ a Bγ√I) + B . I + α AB I . Calculated solubility curves are in good agreement with the experimental data up to 200°C and estimates of ΔH0(sat) and ΔC0p(sat) calculated from the first and second temperature derivatives of log K are consistent with measured standard state enthalpies and heat capacities for both NaCl and KCl. The absolute value of the mixing parameters, αAB, decrease with increasing temperature and approach zero for both salts in the vicinity of 200°C. The excess free energy of mixing thus approaches zero and may be due to the transition from a dissociated electrolyte solution to one in which associated ions or molecular species are beginning to dominate over ‘free’ ions. The mixing parameter decreases more rapidly for KCl than for NaCl and suggests that KCl-rich systems become associated at lower temperatures than NaCl-rich systems.
The Influence of Mechanically and Physiologically Imposed Stiff-Knee Gait Patterns on the Energy Cost of Walking

Abstract Lewek MD, Osborn AJ, Wutzke CJ. The influence of mechanically and physiologically imposed stiff-knee gait patterns on the energy cost of walking. Objective To investigate the relative roles of mechanically imposed and physiologically imposed stiff-knee gait (SKG) patterns on energy cost. Design Repeated-measures, within-subjects design. Setting Research laboratory. Participants Individuals (N=20) without musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, or cardiorespiratory limitations. Interventions Participants walked on an instrumented treadmill at their self-selected overground gait speed for 3 randomly ordered conditions: (1) control, (2) mechanically imposed stiff-knee gait (SKG-M) using a lockable knee brace, and (3) physiologically imposed stiff-knee gait (SKG-P) using electrical stimulation to the quadriceps. Each condition was performed with 0% and 20% body weight support. Indirect calorimetry determined net metabolic power, and motion capture measured lower extremity joint kinematics and kinetics. Main Outcome Measures Net metabolic power, knee flexion angle, circumduction, hip hiking, and hip flexion and ankle plantarflexion moments. Results Participants walked at 1.25±.09m/s. Net metabolic power was significantly increased by 17% in SKG-M and 37% in SKG-P compared with control (mean increase: .66±.60W/kg for SKG-M; 1.39±.79W/kg for SKG-P; both P P P =.280), the hip flexion moment was increased during SKG-P (.43±.15Nm/kg·m) compared with control (.31±.08Nm/kg·m; P Conclusions The increase in energy cost associated with simulated SKG was due in part to abnormal mechanical compensations, and in part to an increase in quadriceps activity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the increase in quadriceps activity will enable a reduction in the energy cost of walking with SKG.
Functional plasticity in primate somatosensory thalamus following chronic lesion of the ventral lateral spinal cord

The long-term consequences of thoracic spinothalamic tract lesion on the physiological properties of neurons in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus in monkeys were assessed. Neurons responding to both compressive and phasic brush stimuli (multireceptive neurons), but not brush-specific (low-threshold) neurons, in the partially deafferented thalamus showed increased spontaneous activity, increased responses evoked by cutaneous stimuli and larger mean receptive field size than the same types of cells in the thalamus with intact innervation. The spike train properties of both the spontaneous and evoked discharges of cells were also altered so that there was an increased incidence of spike-bursts in cells of deafferented thalamus. These changes were widespread in the thalamus, and included cells in both the fully innervated forelimb representation and the partially denervated hindlimb representation ipsilateral to the lesion. The spontaneous and evoked spike trains in the ipsilateral thalamus also show increased frequency of both spike-burst and non-burst events compared to the intact thalamus. These results indicate that chronic spinothalamic tract lesion produces widespread changes in the physiological properties of a discrete cell population of the thalamus.The findings in this study indicate that the thalamic processing of somatosensory information conveyed by the lemniscal system is altered by transection of the spinothalamic tract. This change in sensory processing in the thalamus would result in altered cortical processing of innocuous somatosensory inputs following deafferentation and so possibly contribute to the generation of the central pain syndrome.
A preferred scale for landscape forced mesoscale circulations

[1] The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System was used in two previous studies to simulate mesoscale circulations forced by surface heterogeneity in the Central U. S. and Amazonia. In this work, spectral analysis is used to compare the horizontal length scales of these simulated circulations with the scale of the surface heterogeneity. For both cases, the organized mesoscale circulations are confined within a preferred length scale range (10–20 km) that is significantly different from the dominant length scale of the surface heterogeneity. Multiscale landscape patchiness in these two regions tend to produce eddies at a wide range of scales, but the land-atmosphere interaction processes act as a medium-pass filter to select intermediate-scale circulations. This scale of response remains relatively unchanged despite significant day-to-day variations in the synoptic situation and the mean surface heat flux.
Stochastic languages for picture analysis

The concept of stochastic languages is introduced and major results are briefly reviewed. The use of stochastic languages for the description of noisy (ambiguous) pictorial patterns is demonstrated. A procedure for the estimation of production probabilities of a stochastic context-free language from sample strings is presented. Stochastic syntax analysis procedures for the recognition of noisy patterns are described.
Variations in strength of wind system, in the dynamo mechanism for the magnetic diurnal variation, deduced from solar‐flare effects at Huancayo, Peru

Hourly means of solar-flare effects, or crochets, in magnetic horizontal intensity (H) at Huancayo exhibit, during daylight, a diurnal variation like that in H. This variation is expected, since McNish showed [see 1 of “References” at end of paper] that flares produce magnetic effects indistinguishable from those which would result from an increase in strength of the current system responsible for the normal magnetic diurnal variation, Sq. On the other hand, it is found that the average crochet size in H is greater by a statistically significant amount for groups of days with greater Sq amplitude. For example, the average crochet size is 80 per cent larger for a group of 49 days with average δW2 = 25.2 (Bartel's measure of amplitude of Sq) than for a group of 48 days with average δW2 = 1.6. Although δW2 increases with sunspot number, the crochet size does not. Thus, the larger average size of crochets, at Huancayo, on days when Sq is larger, indicates that the strength of the wind system is, on the average, greater on days with larger Sq. From the change in crochet size, the strength of the wind system must vary by 50 per cent at least.
The Problem of Measuring Temporal Summation in the Hearing-Impaired Patient

(1967). The Problem of Measuring Temporal Summation in the Hearing-Impaired Patient. International Audiology: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 415-422.
Adherence to Medications after Hospital Discharge in the Elderly

Objectives. To evaluate the adherence rate to prescribed medications in elderly patients 24–48 hours after being discharged from the hospital. Methods. Family medicine residents visited patients over the age of 65 years at their homes one to two days after being discharged from the hospital and documented all the medications that they were taking since coming home from the hospital. The list of medications was later compared to the medications recorded in hospital discharge instructions. Results. Complete data was available for 46 participants. The average patient age was 76 years; 54.4% were women. Only three patients (6.5%) adhered completely to the discharge medication list found in the medical record. Thirty-six patients (78.2%) reported taking at least one additional prescription medication, twenty patients (43.4%) missed at least one prescription medication, twenty patients (43.4%) reported taking the wrong dose of at least one medication, and nineteen patients (41.3%) reported taking medications at an incorrect frequency. Conclusion. The vast majority of elderly patients in our study did not adhere to the medication regimen in the first two days after hospital discharge. Cost-effective improvements to hospital discharge processes are needed to improve adherence and reduce preventable posthospitalization complications.
Pseudopotential calculation of positron annihilation in beryllium

Abstract A local pseudopotential model for conduction electrons in beryllium, chosen to fit the Fermi surface, has been used to calculate the angular correlation of photon pairs from annihilation of positrons in beryllium.
Concrete reinforced with up to 0.2 vol% of short carbon fibres

Abstract The use of short pitch-based carbon fibres (0.5% by weight of cement, 0.189 volume % (vol%) of concrete), together with a dispersant, chemical agents and silica fume, in concrete with fine and coarse aggregates resulted in a flexural strength increase of 85%, a flexural toughness increase of 205%, a compressive strength increase of 22%, and a material price increase of 39%. The slump was 102 mm (4 in) at the optimum water/cement ratio of 0.50. The air content was 6%, so the freeze-thaw durability was increased, even in the absence of an air entrainer. The aggregate size had little effect on the above properties. The minimum carbon fibre content for flexural strength increase was 0.1 vol%, although the flexural toughness was still increased below this fibre volume fraction. The optimum fibre length was such that the mean fibre length decreased from 12 mm before mixing to 7 mm after mixing, which used a Hobart mixer. The drying shrinkage was decreased by up to 90%. The electrical resistivity was decreased by up to 83%.
Energy selective imaging systems based on monolithic CdZnTe arrays operated in a high speed counting mode

Abstract The excellent inherent energy resolution of CdZnTe and the evolution of techniques to fabricate this material into large, multi-pixel monolithic arrays, have encouraged the development of practical, multi-function, x-ray imaging systems. These systems are capable of simultaneously recording the x-ray image of an object while identifying the average atomic number of each of its internal components. The primary improvement of this new sensor technology is the ability to break down the detected radiation into energy bins after passing through the sample. The reduced fraction of scattered radiation recorded in a collimated, linear scanner image makes it possible to separate differing energy regions of the beam with a single bremsstrahlung source and a single, multiple discriminators. Such imaging systems have immediate applications in security and contraband detection, as well as a number of specialized uses in medical imaging. This review covers recent work carried out at SAIC in the development of these systems including the characterization of the detector devices, the requirements for the electronic readout system and a number of examples of images taken with prototype systems. Studies have been conducted with examples of both linear and area arrays using relatively simple processing electronics. Problems of incomplete charge collection and energy separation are discussed along with potential solutions to these issues. Imaging measurements made with these systems exhibit noise limits set by the available statistics and excellent point spread functions. Practical limitations in the useful pixel resolution approach 0.1 mm with stopping thickness of several millimeters. This suggests that high resolution scanners with x-ray tube potentials of several hundred kilovolts are feasible with this technology.
SEASONAL CHANGE IN GUILD STRUCTURE: OAK WOODLAND INSECTIVOROUS BIRDS'

The use of foraging sites by a foilage— and bark—gleaning guild of insectivorous birds was studied for 2 yr in a California oak woodland. Choices of plant types, perch size, and foraging height are presented for both residents and migrants in two contrasting seasons (fall/winter and spring). Seasonal differences were fewer than differences between years at the same season. Niche breadths and overlaps of residents in the 2nd yr of the study were mostly larger in spring than in fall/winter, although the contrasts were not statistically significant. The niche breadth findings are viewed as consistent with a prediction of optimal foraging theory that a broader range of patch types will be used when food is abundant. Dendrograms based on niche overlaps for fall/winter and spring showed that three resident species (Chestnut—backed Chickadee, Plain Titmouse, and Hutton's Vireo) constituted the core of the guild, together with two migrants in fall/winter (Ruby—crowned Kinglet and Yellow—rumped Warbler) and one in spring (Blue—gray Gnatcatcher). The foraging of residents was not influenced by the presence of different migrants at different seasons. Species most similar in foraging sites were distinct in bill size or behavior, except for the chickadee and the vireo. These two species are viewed as potential competitors.
Classical conditioning of skeletal and autonomic responses in the Lizard (Crotaphytus collaris)

Abstract Classical conditioning of autonomic and skeletal conditional responses was established in four collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). Tracings for blood pressure, pulse, respiration, EKG, leg motion and shock delivery were recorded on a Physiograph Six. Criteria for acquisition was 80 per cent CRs for 3 successive days and for extinction, 20 per cent CRs for 2 successive days. During acquisition autonomic CRs were established first and skeletal CRs, last. During extinction the order was reversed. There was a significant decline in latency for skeletal CRs, but not for autonomic CRs. The acquisition curve for autonomic CRs resembles those for all vertebrates studied in terms of number of trials to criterion. Acquisition of skeletal CRs required more trials than would be predicted, a function perhaps of a non-optimal interstimulus interval.
Analysis of image detection based on fourier plane nonlinear filtering in a joint transform correlator.

Signal and image and detection systems based on nonlinear operations of Fourier-transformed data often exhibit greater selectivity than standard matched-filtering techniques. One such system is the joint transform correlator. We analyze the performance of the nonlinear joint transform correlator in terms of the output signal-to-noise ratio; this signal-to-noise ratio is evaluated in terms of both output contrast (peak-to-noise floor) and output variability (peak-to-peak standard deviation). The main assumption used is that the signal energy is small relative to that of the additive noise; this assumption is defensible in practice owing to the generally small spatial extent of target images relative to scenes. With respect to the first performance measure, this study is an extension of that in an earlier paper [Appl. Opt.34, 5218 (1995)]. The previous analysis was carried out under a restriction that the signal and noise spectra were to be similar (actually multiples of one another). In the current study there is no such constraint, and all analysis of the second measure is new. The analysis is supported by simulation. A benefit of analytical rather than simulational study is that conclusions can be drawn with greater confidence. One of the most interesting of these is that the smooth square-root Fourier plane nonlinearity, more usually known as the k-law processor with k = 0.5, offers extremely robust performance with respect to relative noise bandwidth.
Abstract 3028: A multiplexed, bioluminescent HDAC assay for determining target-specific, anti-cancer potency

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Histone deacetylase (HDAC) class I and II enzymes are zinc dependent protein deacetylases. They play many roles in normal gene regulation events of development and homeostasis, but their dysregulation has been linked to a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. We have recently developed a one-step, homogeneous, luminescent assay for activity detection from multiple HDAC Class I and II isoforms, thereby providing a useful tool for cell culture, enriched or recombinant sources of lysine deacetylases. This luciferase-containing, “glow-type” assay reagent is cell-permeable and can directly measure HDAC activity in living attachment-dependent and suspension cells. Furthermore, this luminescent HDAC assay can be paired in same well multiplex formats with fluorescent assays that measure biomarkers associated with changes in viability and cytotoxicity. Here we correlate HDAC inhibition with cellular fate using representative inhibitors from the hydroxamate, short-chain fatty acid, benzamide and cyclic peptide classes. We will also demonstrate relative on-target anti-cancer efficacies and off-target safety using transformed, primary or iPS-derived cell lineages. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3028. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3028
Instrumentation for advanced microseparations in pharmaceutical analysis and proteomics

Small-volume chromatographic columns are only able to generate narrow peaks when flow rates, injection volume and instrument components, such as detector, connecting tubing and fittings, are matched to the peak dispersion from the column. Criteria for the proper design of chromatographic instrumentation are therefore derived from a general model on total dispersion. The performance of such a system is then experimentally evaluated from applications run on narrow-bore, small-volume columns. In order to achieve flow rates that match the dimensions of such columns, a new concept for electronic flow control (EFC) is introduced. A theoretical optimization of column efficiency and throughput is discussed and the results verified with practical examples on short, narrow-bore columns packed with small, porous and superficially porous particles. For complex sample mixtures, the concept of peak capacity is introduced and applied to orthogonal separation principles in multiple chromatographic dimensions through column switching techniques.
Effect of mass selection for seed density in populations derived from Avena abyssinica x A. sativa amphidecaploids

Seed of two heterogeneous amphidecaploid Avena populations (NY79143 and NY79148) were separated into three groups based on seed density using a commercial gravity table. Bulk populations were evaluated in a field trial to test the effect of selection for seed density on agronomic characteristics, while chromosome behavior was studied on similarly selected individual plants grown in a coldframe. Selection for seed density was associated with improved agronomic characteristics for individual plants grown in coldframes but the treatment effect was not significant in the field trial. Population and treatment effects were significant for chromosome number. Mean chromosome numbers were higher in NY79148 than in NY79143, and increased with selection for seed density. Populations did not differ for mean somatic instability but did show interactive population*treatment effects. Several generations of selection for seed density is suggested.
TWO ANTARCTIC DESERT LAKES1

The optical and biological propertics of ice-covcrcd Lakes Vanda and Bonncy, Antarctica, were observed during two austral summers. The lakes arc among the clearest known, with extinction coefficients as low as 0.031 for blue light in Lake Vanda and 0.069 for green light in Lake Bonney. Temperature and conductivity measurements in a shallow lake on Cape Evans, Antarctica, suggest a simple freezing-out process as the possible origin of the monimolimnionic salt concentration in Lake Vnnda. The lakes have a variety of living organisms but low standing crops and production rates. Many of the organisms arc facultatively heterotrophic and may use dissolved organic substances for maintenance in the dark half of the year.
The organization and management of community mental health services.

Development of Community Mental Health Centers has revealed the need for more effective administrative mechanisms for planning, developing, and controlling mental health services and for involving effectively the local community in this process. The public health model of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention was used as a basis for planning and developing mental health services in two settings. The resulting organizations proved effective in providing qualitative mental health services and in developing effective work groups throughout the organization to take responsibility for program. Experience with this model supports specialization of state hospitals into rehabilitation facilities and their close integration with programs in the communities they serve. It is proposed that this will require state hospital programs becoming the responsibility of local communities.
Noninfectious crystalline keratopathy after postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe a case of transient, noninfectious crystalline keratopathy after postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil. METHOD: Case report. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examinations were performed during serial office examinations. RESULTS: A 69-year-old woman underwent an uncomplicated trabeculectomy with adjunctive sponge 5-fluorouracil application for 5 minutes in her left eye. Postoperative treatment included topical prednisolone acetate, ciprofloxacin, and scopolamine. She was initially examined with intrastromal corneal crystalline deposits 5 days after her first postoperative subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil. The deposits completely disappeared 4 days later without addition to or change in treatment. CONCLUSION: Transient, noninfectious, crystalline, intrastromal corneal deposits may develop after adjunctive subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil administration.
Heat rejection from R744 flow under uniform temperature cooling in a horizontal smooth tube around the critical point

Abstract Heat rejection from CO 2 flow near the critical point, where commercial refrigerators spend most of their operating hours, was investigated in this study. Experimental results on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of mass flux from 100 to 240 kg m −2 s −1 at pressures from 5 to 7.5 MPa in a horizontal smooth tube of 6.1 mm inner diameter are provided and compared with correlations. The heat rejection process below critical pressure was categorized into superheat, two-phase, and subcool zones in which the bulk-mean temperature was superheated, saturated, and subcooled, respectively. The results indicated that the heat transfer coefficient in superheat zone is significantly higher than correlations proposed for single-phase turbulent flow, and the condensation was identified from the tube wall temperature below saturation temperature. This superheat zone accounts for a significant portion of the heat rejected in the subcritical cycle and affects on condenser sizing.
Further characterization of the mouse sperm surface zona-binding site with galactosyltransferase activity

One of the mouse sperm surface binding sites for zona pellucida ligands exhibits galactosyltransferase (GT) enzyme activity. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether the GT site behaves as a noncatalytic binding site in its physiological capacity, with no glycosylation of zona ligands, or whether glycosylation of zona ligands is an integral part of sperm-zona binding. The effects of Mn2+, the obligatory cation for GT catalysis, on enzyme activity and sperm-zona binding were examined. With uridine-5′-diphosphogalactose (UDPgal) as galactose donor, and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) as galactose acceptor, increasing concentrations of Mn2+ in the range of 0.1–10 mM increased GT enzyme activity, with half-maximal activation at 0.65 mM Mn2+ (Vmax = 20 pmol/hr/106 cells). In the presence of 0–2 mM Mn2+, sperm-zona binding was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner; 50% inhibition occurred at 1.25 mM Mn2+. At this concentration, GT enzyme activity was at 65% Vmax. To determine the specificity of the GT site for glycoprotein terminal carbohydrate residues, spermatozoa were incubated with, asialo-ovine submaxillary mucin (N-acetylgalactosamine residues), asialo-, -α1-acid glycoprotein (β1–4 galactose residues) ovalbumin (Ov; GlcNAc residues), and asialo-agalacto-/α1-acid glycoprotein (AsAgAGP; GlcNAc residues). Only Ov and AsAgAGP acted as acceptors for galactose in the enzyme assay and inhibitors in the sperm-zona binding assay. The kinetics of the interaction of AsAgAGP with the GT site were determined: the Km was 3.6 mg/ml, with Vmax of 33 pmol/hr/106 cells. In the absence of Mn2+ and UDPgal, sperm-zona binding was inhibited in a hyperbolic manner by 0–8 mg/ml AsAgAGP; 50% inhibition was observed with 0.25 mg/ml AsAgAGP. Our model for this site predicts that, in the absence of Mn2+, UDPgal and glycoproteins with GlcNAc terminal residues compete for zona ligands to inhibit sperm-zona binding; the presence of Mn2+ causes a change in the site from substrate binding conformation to catalytic conformation, which is unfavorable for sperm-zona interaction.
Prevention of Visual Loss From Diabetic Retinopathy

Despite the results of clinical trials showing the efficacy of panretinal and focal photocoagulation of proliferative retinopathy with high-risk characteristics for severe visual loss and for clinically significant macular edema, retinopathy remains an important cause of visual loss. Because these treatments are associated with cost, may not always prevent visual loss, and may result in complications, other nonsurgical interventions have been sought to prevent visual loss from retinopathy. Data from epidemiological studies showed an association between hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia and the incidence and progression of retinopathy and macular edema in people with diabetes. These findings resulted in a number of clinical trials that have shown the efficacy of intensive control of hyperglycemia and hypertension in reducing the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Despite these findings, the majority of persons with diabetes fail to achieve American Diabetes Association-targeted guidelines for glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, and lipid levels. Thus, new approaches for achieving normalization of blood glucose levels are needed and new clinical trials are underway to assess these new interventions.
Temperature programmed dehydration of amorphous calcium phosphate

Abstract The kinetics of dehydration of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has been studied by the temperature programmed desorption technique (TPD) of Cvetanovic and Amenomiya. Each water desorption spectrum for ACP exhibited a single, but fairly narrow, peak. Peak temperatures varied from 65–100°C for sample heating rates ranging from 3–32°C/min. Narrowness of the desorption spectra lends some support to its earlier characterization as an agglomerate of hydrated Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− ions. In contrast, a water desorption spectrum for crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) showed several broad overlapping peaks with maxima at 120, 250, and 305°C which is typical of a heterogeneous surface. The desorption spectra for ACP when compared to those for HA indicate very different states of bound water in these two substances. Plotted kinetic data for ACP revealed two linear segments with different activation energies, namely 10.5 and 20.0 kcal/mole. A plausible explanation for this finding is that there are two types of bound water in ACP: (i) loosely held water and (ii) tightly bound hydrate water held inside the amorphous particles. The possibility that hydrate water loss is involved in the rate determining step in the in vitro conversion of ACP to HA is tentatively suggested.
Infrared astronomy on the Hubble Space Telescope

Abstract The Hubble Space Telescope offers enormous advantages to infrared astronomy in certain situations. The advantages of being above the atmosphere include an increase in spatial resolution, a much wider range of wavelengths available, and lower background radiation. Compared to proposed cooled telescopes, HST offers higher spatial resolution and increased collecting area. HST is particularly well suited to observations at wavelengths less than ∼5 μ m, where the diffraction limit is less than the seeing limit from the ground and thermal emission does not seriously compromise the sensitivity of the detectors. HST is also favorable for observations requiring high spectral resolution at all wavelengths not accessible from the ground.
Laser radar for wide-area fire detection

A Lidar system designed by the authors to detect and observe the tracks of effluents emitted by ships at sea under propulsion by combustion of fossil fuels could have many useful applications. A prototype system uses a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser as the transmitter, at wavelengths of 0.53 and 1.06 micrometers , and examine the return for Rayleigh, Mie, fluorescence, and Raman scattering (hence called Advanced Rayleigh-Raman-Mie, ARRM), to determine thermodynamic and chemical conditions out to a given distance surrounding the Lidar operating station. We discuss the business potential of the system, its application to a number of technical and environmental problems, the potential for job creation by the use of such systems, and their value to both the users and the rest of society. One such application is discussed to a limited extent: wide-area surveillance for fire detection, in both urban and rural applications. Conversations with the City of Huntsville's Fire Department have revealed that the system is a quantum leap in fire detection, reporting, and hence firefighting response. Constant motion through the sky of a beam of green light could be a public nuisance. Therefore in an urban setting use of a primary surveillance transmitter consisting of a frequency-doubled CO2 laser is necessary for initial detection of the thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic indications of the rising plume, from the Mie and Rayleigh scattering. After each detection of a new plume, the system switches to the Nd:YAG transmitter for detailed characterization of the plume from the measured ARRM parameters.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Relationship Between Assertion and Sociometric Status of Children

Abstract A correlational study was conducted in an effort to examine the relationship between children's level of assertive skill and their social (sociometric) status. The Ss were 15 male and 15 female elementary school children ranging in age from 9 to 11 yr. Each S was administered: (a) positive and negative peer nominations and roster and rating scale sociometrics; (b) self-report questionnaires concerning their assertive behavior; and (c) standardized interviews to assess knowledge of assertive behavior. In addition, teachers' ratings of children's interpersonal behavior were obtained. Results indicated some degree of correspondence between assertion indices and sociometric ratings. However, correlation coefficients generally were in the low-to-moderate range. Also, several scales from children's self-report and teacher's ratings of children's assertive behavior differentiated high- and low-popular children. Results are discussed in terms of: (1) the utility of employing multiple criteria in assessing social functioning of children; and (2) the need to determine empirically the relevance of assertive and other interpersonal skills in childrens' social repertoires.
Clinical Pharmacology of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapies

Malaria, a disease transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito, has had devastating effects on human populations for more than 4000 years. Treatment of the disease with single drugs, such as chloroquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or mefloquine, has led to the emergence of resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites that lead to the most severe form of the illness. Artemisinin-based combination therapies are currently recommended by WHO for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Artemisinin and semisynthetic derivatives, including artesunate, artemether and dihydroartemisinin, are short-acting antimalarial agents that kill parasites more rapidly than conventional antimalarials, and are active against both the sexual and asexual stages of the parasite cycle. Artemisinin fever clearance time is shortened to 32 hours as compared with 2–3 days with older agents. To delay or prevent emergence of resistance, artemisinins are combined with one of several longer-acting drugs — amodiaquine, mefloquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or lumefantrine — which permit elimination of the residual malarial parasites.
Shaping Teacher Sensemaking: School Leaders and the Enactment of Reading Policy:

A growing body of research has emphasized the social processes by which teachers adapt and transform policy as they enact it in their classrooms. Yet little attention has been paid to the role of school leaders in this process. Drawing on sociological theories of sensemaking, this article investigates how principals in two California elementary schools influenced teacher learning about and enactment of changing reading policy. It argues that principals influence teachers’ enactment by shaping access to policy ideas, participating in the social process of interpretation and adaptation, and creating substantively different conditions for teacher learning in schools. These actions, in turn, are influenced by principals’ understandings about reading instruction and teacher learning.
Influences of television: Views from the next generation

This study examines sixth through tenth graders’ open‐ended responses to television's influences on their lives. Results suggest that there is little evidence of clearcut positive or negative interpretations of the medium's influences. Students identified a wide variety of both positive and negative effects of the medium, demonstrating a multifaceted understanding of the role of the medium.
Mapping and conservation of the group-specific component gene in mouse.

Abstract The group-specific component (GC), also known as the vitamin D-binding protein, transports vitamin D and its metabolites in plasma to target tissues throughout the body. The GC gene shares an evolutionary origin with genes encoding albumin (ALB) and α-fetoprotein (AFP). All three genes are descendants of an evolutionary ancestor that arose from an intragenic triplication. As a result, each gene is composed of three homologous domains. The study described here characterizes and compares mouse GC to the corresponding nucleotide and amino acid sequences of GC from human and rat. The deduced amino acid sequence of mouse GC was 78% identical to human and 91% identical to rat GC. The results suggest that, unlike the corresponding sequences in the ALB and AFP genes, chromosomal sequences encoding the first domain and the leader sequence of the GC gene have specifically been conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. Protection of domain I during evolution may correlate with an important functional aspect of its sequence. The mouse GC gene was mapped to chromosome 5, where the ALB and AFP genes are also located, demonstrating conservation of the three genes in vertebrate species.