cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Simple Energetic Explanation of the Polygon-Circle Paradox for Classical (Kirchhoff) Plate Theory

The divergence part of the energy functional for an elastically isotropic plate is replaced by a boundary integral, thus showing that the energy functional of a simply-supported Kirchhoff plate under a surface load approaches that of a circular plate with clamped boundary conditions. This conclusion does not depend on series solutions, singularity analysis, or elaborate, three-dimensional functional analysis.
Modeling and Simulation of a Surface Micromachined Knudsen Pump

This paper presents a simulation model for a silicon micromachined Knudsen pump that combines analytical and numerical methods. It involves numerical modeling of the thermal response, followed by an analytical estimate of the pumping using Kennard's model. The loss of performance resulting from gas diffusion though walls of the pump is specifically addressed. The results are subsequently validated against the previously reported experimental measurements of a single-stage Knudsen pump. This device, which has a total footprint of less than 1500 x 2000 µm 2 , has multiple narrow channels connecting two cavities, one of which is heated. This cavity is further connected through a wide channel to a third cavity, which remains at ambient. The simulation model for this device predicts a vacuum pressure of 0.47 atm. at an input power of 97.6 mW, which deviates less than 20% from the experimentally observed data. Finally, the paper extends the concept of single stage pumping to a multi-stage pump. While Kennard's model is used for modeling the first stage, the simulation for subsequent stages, which are characterized by a relatively high Knudsen number, uses an empirically corrected correlation by Knudsen.
Interaction of bi-dispersed particles with contact line in an evaporating colloidal drop

The deposition behavior of an inkjet-printed aqueous colloidal mixture of micro- and nanoparticles onto a glass substrate with systematically varied wettability has been investigated using fluorescence microscopy. Real-time bottom-view images show that particles inside an evaporating drop rearrange themselves near the drop contact line according to their sizes, where smaller particles tend to deposit closer to the contact line compared to the larger ones. By increasing substrate wettability, particles in the bi-dispersed mixture can be further separated compared to those on substrates of poor wettability. This is primarily because, during different stages of evaporation, the interplay of surface tension, drag due to evaporative flow, and particle–substrate interactions rearrange particles inside a colloidal drop near the contact line region. Forces acting on particles determine the extent to which particles enhance contact line pinning, which ultimately determines the final deposition morphology of particles from a bi-dispersed colloidal mixture.
An algorithm for the equilibrium assignment problem with random link times

In this article we offer an equivalent minimization formulation for the traffic assignment problem when the link travel times are flow-dependent random variables. The paper shows the equivalency between the first-order conditions of this program and the stochastic equilibrium conditions as well as the uniqueness of the solution. The paper also describes an algorithmic approach to the solution of this program, including a proof of convergence. Finally, we conduct some limited numerical experiments on the rate of convergence of the algorithm and the merits of the stochastic equilibrium model, in general, as compared with deterministic approaches.
Pleasure and Arousal in the Marketplace: Interpersonal Differences in Approach- Avoidance Responses

A theory of individual response to environments is discussed. This theory is extended to apply to consumer responses in the marketplace. An empirical study that tests this theory is described. This study examines individual differences in patronage behaviors and attitudes based on emotional responses to an outdoor retail market. In this study, it was found that a consumer's emotional response to an environment is instrumental in resultant patronage behaviors and attitudes.
Primary Care Patients' Personal Illness Models for Depression: Relationship to Coping Behavior and Functional Disability

Objective: The applicability and clinical utility of Leventhal et al.'s model of illness cognition were evaluated in depressed primary care patients. The intercorrelations of illness beliefs and the mediational effects of coping behavior on these beliefs were also evaluated. Moderating effects of coping behaviors were explored. Methods: Baseline evaluations of demographic information, depression diagnoses, depressive symptom severity, self-reported psychosocial and physical functioning, medical comorbidity, illness beliefs and depression coping strategies were obtained from 191 primary care patients receiving antidepressant medication for the treatment of depression. Results: Patients' beliefs about depressive symptoms, causes, duration as well as controllability and the consequences of these symptoms are described. Leventhal et al.'s mediational model was partially supported for the outcome of psychosocial functioning. Coping behavior did not mediate the relationship between illness beliefs and physical functioning. The relationships between participants' beliefs about the cause, controllability and duration of depressive symptoms were mediated by the use of behavioral disengagement, venting or self-blame as a strategy to cope with depression. In addition, use of acceptance, religious coping or behavioral disengagement moderated the relationship between beliefs about the cause of depression (i.e., environment or chance or medical illness) and psychosocial functioning. Conclusions: Illness models for depression are important determinants of functioning in depressed primary care patients. These beliefs and coping behaviors are potentially modifiable and could be the target of interventions to decrease functional impairment in depressed patients.
Trapping and decomposition of [18F]fluoromethane, [11C]fluoromethane and other gaseous hydrofluorocarbons on alumina at room temperature

Abstract During a survey of adsorbents with potential utility in the preparation of the positron emission tomographic (PET) blood-flow tracer, [18F]fluoromethane, irreversible binding to alumina was noted. No carrier added CH3[18F] mixed with air was trapped (>99.9%) on a 1.8 g alumina cartridge (Waters) at flow-rates as high as 50 mL/s. Trapped radioactivity could not be removed with air, water or acetonitrile, but was partially recovered as non-volatile 18F in 1 N NaOH. With [11C]fluoromethane, 96–99% of the 11C was trapped, but 85% of the radioactivity was recovered in a 5 mL water rinse. On radio-HPLC (C18 column, 100% water) the eluted 11C had the same retention time as [11C]methanol. CH3[18F] dissolved in water or acetonitrile was not hydrolyzed by alumina cartridges. Production of methanol from non-radioactive CH3F was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. (CH3)2O) and in some experiments CH3Cl were also detected. CD3OH and (CD3)2O were similarly produced from CH3[18F] of low specific activity. Unlabeled C2H5F yielded C2H5OH, (C2H35)2O and C2H5Cl. CF2HCH3 and (CH3)3SiF were also irreversibly trapped on alumina, but CF3H, CF4 and several other gases were not. The adsorption of CH3[18F] on alumina may provide a useful and sensitive way of preventing and monitoring the escape of radioactive gas during PET imaging.
Manpower and training problems in family planning programs.

In order to implement the Indian Governments educational and service program in family planning nearly 125000 people are needed. Basic training of family planning health workers should be at both the graduate and undergraduate levels. Areas where training can begin are the medical school nurse training programs and Lady health visitor and auxilliary nurse-midwife training programs. Since most of the Lady health visitors and auxilliary nurse-midwives enter the Mother and Child Health-Family Planning centers the training of these personnel should be increased along with increasing the curriculum in family planning. Extension education can provide a means for the direct teaching and motivation of individuals and small groups. These people can then motivate people in other areas. The encouragement and use of innovation in training can encourage the success of the family planning programs.
GLOBAL CONVERGENCE IN PARTIALLY FULLY CONNECTED NETWORKS (PFCN) WITH LIMITED RELAYS

In a distributed system, it is often necessary for nodes to agree on a particular event or to coordinate their activities. Applications of distributed agreement are many, such as Commit Protocols in distributed database systems, selection of a monitor node in a distributed system, detecting an intruder, or agreeing on the malicious behavior of a node. Among many forms of Distributed Agreement, one form is called Approximate Agreement (AA), in which the nodes, by exchanging their local values with other nodes, need to agree on values which are approximately equal to each other. Research on AA for fully connected networks is relatively mature. In contrast, the study of AA in partially connected networks has been very limited. More specifically, no general solution to the AA problem exists for such networks. This research solves the AA problem for a specific, scalable, partially connected network with limited relays. The research considers the worst failure mode of nodes, called Byzantine, and hybrid failure modes. The results show low communication cost in comparison to fully connected networks. The network is designed to take advantage of the results available for fully connected networks. Thus, the analysis for obtaining the expressions for Convergence Rate and Fault Tolerance becomes relatively easy.
Overnight Plasma Profiles of Melatonin and Certain Adenohypophyseal Hormones in Men

Melatonin levels exhibited a day-night rhythm with highest levels at night. Nocturnal plasma melatonin concentrations were unrelated to sleep stages, whereas secretion of GH was temporally related to slow wave sleep. Levels of corticotropin rose in the later sleep cycles. We found no relationship between endogenous nocturnal melatonin and adenohypophyseal hormone levels. The results indicate that in young men nocturnal levels of melatonin are controlled separately from those of LH, PRL, corticotropin, and GH.
Objective Drought Classification Using Multiple Land Surface Models

AbstractThe current generation of drought monitors uses physically based indices, such as the standardized precipitation index (SPI), total soil moisture (SM) percentiles, and the standardized runoff index (SRI) to monitor precipitation, soil moisture, and runoff deficits, respectively. Because long-term observations of soil moisture and, to a lesser extent, spatially distributed runoff are not generally available, SRI and SMP are more commonly derived from land surface model–derived variables, where the models are forced with observed quantities such as precipitation, surface air temperature, and winds. One example of such a system is the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). While monitoring systems based on sources like NLDAS are able to detect droughts, they are challenged by classification of drought into, for instance, the D0–D4 categories used by the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), in part because of uncertainties among multiple drought indicators, models, and assimilation systems. An ...
Rotational Structure and Nilsson Orbitals for Highly Deformed Odd- A Nuclei in the A ∼ 100 Region

Six rotational bands have been found in $_{39}^{99}\mathrm{Y}_{60}$, $_{39}^{101}\mathrm{Y}_{62}$, $_{38}^{99}\mathrm{Sr}_{61}$, and $_{40}^{101}\mathrm{Zr}_{61}$. All bands have small and very similar values of $\frac{{\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}}{2\mathcal{I}}$ that indicate deformations of \ensuremath{\sim} 0.3-0.4 and imply that these nuclei are among the most deformed known, with $\mathcal{I}\ensuremath{\sim}0.8{\mathcal{I}}_{\mathrm{rigid}}$. Relative strengths of intraband $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transitions suggest Nilsson orbital assignments of $\ensuremath{\pi}\frac{5}{2}[422]$ for the Y ground bands.
Investigation of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde Sampling Rate and Ozone Interference for Passive Deployment of Waters Sep-Pak XPoSure Samplers

Abstract This study investigated formaldehyde and acetaldehyde passive sampling rates and ozone interference for the DNPH-based Waters Sep-Pak XPoSure sampler. Previous studies have shown that ozone interferes with active sampling by this cartridge. Our study included one laboratory and six field experiments conducted in Northern California homes. Passive sampling rates of 1.10 ± 0.09 and 0.86 ± 0.10 mL min −1 determined for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are lower than previously reported. In a controlled laboratory experiment there were small, statistically insignificant impacts of subsequent ozone exposure on formaldehyde and acetaldehyde mass passively collected on the samplers. This sampler is inexpensive, easy to deploy and to transport by mail, and has a high sampling capacity when used passively; it is suitable for a wide-range of monitoring applications. However, the passive sampling rate remains in question given the internally consistent, but different results obtained in our study and the previous study.
Spectral properties of high‐density ducts

[1] This paper presents results from a study of propagation of very-low-frequency electromagnetic waves (whistlers) inside high-density ducts (HDDs) in the Earth's magnetosphere. The main hypothesis investigated in this study is that whistlers can propagate without any attenuation inside HDD when the width of the duct channel is equal to the integer number of perpendicular wavelengths of the waves inside the duct. This condition provides a simple and efficient procedure to determine nonleaking eigenmodes of HDDs. Our analysis of this nonleaking condition reveals several new and important properties of HDDs which were never discussed before. In particular, this condition shows that any HDD has only a finite number of nonleaking eigenmodes. This number is proportional to the width of the duct and the magnitude of the plasma density inside the duct. Thus each value of the density inside the duct defines minimum width of the duct channel providing the nonleaking ducting, and each width of the duct channel defines a minimal density magnitude providing the nonleaking ducting. HDDs with the same value of the product of the duct width times the square root of the plasma density have the same number of nonleaking eigenmodes and frequencies of the corresponding eigenmodes are the same. A broader (or with higher density) HDD can guide without leakage whistlers with higher frequencies than a narrower (or with lower density) HDD.
Soybean subtilisin-like protease involved in initiating storage protein degradation.

Abstract A partial cDNA fragment (1.1kb) of protease C1, an enzyme that initiates the proteolytic degradation of the β-conglycinin storage proteins in the soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill. cv. Amsoy 71) through limited action at Glurich regions, has been cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The sequence was extended toward the 5' end by another 314 bases. The nucleotide sequence shows that protease C1 belongs to the subtilisin family of serine proteases. The sequence encompasses the critical Asp, His and Ser residues of the catalytic triad, as well as the Asn at the binding site. Northern analysis shows the presence of a 2.5kb mRNA not only in seedling cotyledons, but also in developing seeds. The developing seeds, and even dry seeds, exhibit phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and EDTA-sensitive protease activity that only cleaves the α- and α'-, but not the β-subunits, of soybean β-conglycinin. The discrete proteolytic intermediates produced are of the same sizes as those produced by pure enzyme, as are the final 50 kDa and 48 kDa products. The activity is also sensitive to inhibition by synthetic poly-L-Glu, all characteristics of purified protease C1. These data suggest that protease C1, or an enzyme very similar to it, is synthesized in a form that is active in vitro. Because seeds do accumulate β-conglycinin and because there is very little evidence of the proteolytic products of protease C1 action in extracts of dry seeds, one can surmise that the protease C1 is not particularly active in vivo during seed maturation. GenBank lists the sequence of the 1.1kb fragment with accession number AAD02075.
Low power nanoscale buffer management for network on chip routers

Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an on-chip communication solution in the future system-on-a-chip (SoC) necessitating high performance operation with low power dissipation. We present a novel dynamic power management technique for low power NoC router buffers using nano CMOS SRAMS. A feedback controller was designed for block level power management and a power aware adaptive controller was designed for low power flit storage encoding to reduce energy consumptions in the router buffers. Experiments with the proposed scheme showed up to 20% reduction in energy consumption while improving throughput by up to 21%.
Counterexamples to pole placement by static output feedback

Abstract We consider linear systems with inner state of dimension n , with m inputs and p outputs, such that n = mp , min{ m , p }=2 and max{ m , p } is even. We show that for each ( m , n , p ) satisfying these conditions, there is a non-empty open subset U of such systems, where the real pole placement map is not surjective. It follows that for systems in U , there exist open sets of pole configurations which cannot be assigned by any real output feedback.
Activation, attention, and visuospatial learning in adults with and without a family history of alcoholism

While recent evidence shows visuospatial information processing deficits to be present in chronic alcoholics, it remains unclear whether such deficits are present prior to alcohol abuse in persons at risk for developing alcoholism. If present, it is also unclear whether the information processing mechanisms underlying these deficits are the same in alcoholics and persons at risk for alcoholism. This study investigated visuospatial information processing psychophysiological activation in adults with and without a family history of alcoholism. Thirty matched nonalcoholics served as participants. Fifteen persons were from families in which at least one biologic parent and one other relative had a history of alcoholism. Another group of 15 persons had no family history of alcoholism. In addition to displaying atypical patterns of learning-contingent physiological activation, participants with a family history of alcoholism displayed visuospatial learning that was significantly poorer than persons with no family history of alcoholism. The learning and physiological activation displayed by the participants with a family history of alcoholism were similar to those displayed by previously studied alcoholics using a similar learning task. The data suggest that visuospatial learning deficits may reflect an antecedent to, rather than a consequence of, chronic alcohol abuse.
A chromosome 21 critical region does not cause specific Down syndrome phenotypes.

The “Down syndrome critical region” (DSCR) is a chromosome 21 segment purported to contain genes responsible for many features of Down syndrome (DS), including craniofacial dysmorphology. We used chromosome engineering to create mice that were trisomic or monosomic for only the mouse chromosome segment orthologous to the DSCR and assessed dysmorphologies of the craniofacial skeleton that show direct parallels with DS in mice with a larger segmental trisomy. The DSCR genes were not sufficient and were largely not necessary to produce the facial phenotype. These results refute specific predictions of the prevailing hypothesis of gene action in DS.
Endoscopic ultrasound for peripancreatic masses

Background Pancreatic neoplasms can be difficult to diagnose and stage preoperatively. Accurate staging allows the surgeon to select which patients can benefit from resection versus palliative therapy. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a diagnostic modality that provides visualization of peripancreatic tumors and their relationship to the surrounding structures as well as enabling cytologic diagnosis of the tumor and adjacent lymphadenopathy. Methods To define the role of this technique, a retrospective study was performed on 20 patients in the past year with peripancreatic tumors. Results Twelve men and 8 women ranging in age from 28 to 84 years (mean 67) were included in the study. Each patient underwent computed tomography followed by EUS-FNA, and the results were compared with operative findings or clinical course. The EUS-FNA findings included 10 pancreatic ductal carcinomas (50%), 5 pancreatitis (25%), 2 spindle cell neoplasms (10%), 1 cholangiocarcinoma (5%), 1 cystadenoma (5%), and 1 metastatic breast carcinoma (5%). Overall, EUS-FNA led to a significant change in the management of 12 patients (60%) through either diagnosing benign pathology, upstaging of the carcinoma, or determination that the peripancreatic mass represented a metastatic lesion. Five patients underwent resection of their peripancreatic tumors, and 3 patients had palliative procedures. Operative findings corresponded with EUS-FNA in all 8 patients. The 5 patients diagnosed with pancreatitis continued to be followed up for the possibility of a false negative FNA, but to date none have developed malignancy. Conclusions EUS-FNA is a useful tool for the imaging and staging of peripancreatic tumors and will aid in the proper preoperative selection of patients who will benefit from resectional therapy.
Quantum dynamics for vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom using Gaussian wave packets: Application to the three‐dimensional photodissociation dynamics of ICN

We present an approach to quantum dynamics, based entirely on Cartesian coordinates, which covers vibrational as well as rotational motion. The initial state is represented in terms of multidimensional Gaussian wave packets. Rotational adaptation to angular momentum eigenstates is done by using angular momentum projection operators. This gives an initial state represented as a weighted superposition of Gaussians with different average orientation in space. It is shown that the subsequent dynamics can be determined from the dynamics of Gaussians corresponding to just one of these orientations. An application to the 3D photodissociation dynamics of ICN is presented. All six degrees of freedom which describe the internal motion of the triatomic are included, the only approximation introduced in the present calculation being the thawed Gaussian wave packet approximation for the dynamics. The total absorption spectrum out of vibrational–rotational eigenstates of ICN as well as fully resolved final product dist...
Abstract 4842: The stem cell niche detoxifies chemotherapy and protects malignant hematopoietic cells via expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a critical role in drug resistance of malignant cells. Although both, direct contact as well as soluble factors have been proposed, the mechanisms responsible for this microenvironment-mediated protection remain unclear. We have recently shown that BM stroma protects human hematopoietic stem cells from the pro-differentiating effects of retinoid via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 26 mediated degradation (Ghiaur G et al., PNAS 2013). Here, we hypothesized that drug metabolism by BM stroma via CYP enzymes is a general cell-extrinsic mechanism of protection of malignant cells from chemotherapy. First, we have designed a qPCR expression array platform and found that human BM stroma expresses a variety of drug metabolizing enzymes to levels comparable to human hepatocytes. Next, using qRT-PCR, we confirmed that CYP3A4, a major drug metabolizing enzyme, is expressed in primary BM stroma but not in multiple myeloma (MM) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We have found that BM stroma protects against Bortezomib mediated kill of MM cells \[H929 (p<0.01)] and VP16 mediated kill of AML cells [KG1 (p0.01)\] (Table). Since CYP3A4 plays a major role in the metabolism of aforementioned drugs, we studied if stromal CYP3A4 contributes to this protection. We found that ketoconazole, a potent CYP3A4 antagonist, overcomes bone marrow stroma-mediated resistance to Bortezomib (p=0.01), and VP16 (p=0.03). Ketoconazole had no effects in stroma free cultures. In addition, shRNA-mediated knockdown of stromal CYP3A4 renders these cells unable to protect malignant cells from chemotherapy (p=0.01). These studies open the possibilities that the stem cell niche serves as a drug-free sanctuary, where malignant stem cells can survive conventional chemotherapy. Targeting stromal P450 enzymes hold promise of improved efficiency of stem cell directed therapies and decrease rate of relapse in hematological malignancies. View this table: Table. Effects of VP16 and Bortezomib on cellular and clonogenic recovery of KG1 and H929 cells, respectively. “Stroma-CYP3A4” represents experiments performed on CYP3A4 knockdown stroma. Control shRNA infected stroma showed no differences compared to untransduced cells. Data are presented as mean±SEM from three independent experiments. Citation Format: Salvador Alonso, Meng Su, Richard Jones, Gabriel Ghiaur. The stem cell niche detoxifies chemotherapy and protects malignant hematopoietic cells via expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4842. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4842
A tristable [2]pseudo[2]rotaxane.

A strategy towards increasing the lifetime of the metastable state of a [2]rotaxane incorporating tetrathiafulvalene, 1,5-dioxynaphthalene and bipyridinium (BIPY2+) is presented. Incorporation of BIPY2+ served multiple roles as an electrostatic barrier to relaxation, a supramolecular recognition site for bis-1,5-dioxynaphthalene[38]crown-10 macrocycle, and upon reduction a recognition site for the mechanically bonded cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) ring.
Dioxin, dioxin everywhere

Virtuellement chaque habitant des Etats-Unis (hommes, femmes et enfants) est expose aux dioxinnes (PCDD, PCDF, TCDD). Ces composes sont presents dans de nombreux milieux (air, sol, nourriture, lait, poisson, plante, poisson et echantillons biologiques humains). Leurs concentrations en zones urbaines est la meme pour tous les pays industrialises. Ils proviennent en majeure partie des activites industrielles (industrie papetiere, usine d'incineration, de dechets). Leurs effets toxiques sur l'homme sont reconnus d'ou la necessite d'un controle preventif des emissions
Derivatizing reagents for high-performance liquid chromatography detection of peptides at the picomole level

Abstract The sensitivity of detection of peptides by measurement of absorbance at 210 nm is too low to allow analysis of neuropeptides in tissue extracts. To improve sensitivity, derivatives were sought which would be small, hydrophilic, easily detected electrochemically and would react cleanly with multiply substituted peptides giving single derivatives. The most promising compounds were 3,6-dinitrophthalic anhydride (DPNT) and 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophthalic anhydride (CDNFB). DNPT derivatives can be detected electrochemically by reduction at −0.24 V. CDNFB derivatives can be measured by absorbance at 360 nm. These derivatives allow improvements in detection of a simple peptide of 50-fold (CDNFB) to 500-fold (DNPT).
The role of microprogramming in the computer science curriculum

There has been considerable discussion and controversy over the meaning and value of the concept “microprogramming”.We believe that courses in Computer Science should emphasize the implementation of purposeful, efficient and economical systems through the intelligent use of whatever technology is employed. As considered above, microprogramming becomes merely one of a number of systematic techniques to be used in implementing systems.Central to this approach is the understanding that a successfully implemented system neither requires, encourages, nor, in some cases, even allows its users to know that it is constructed of an array of modules; some hardware, some software and some microcode.
India's partition : process, strategy and mobilization

This book is a collection of essays, extracts, memoirs and a short story, outlining the events during the decade preceding India's partition which culminated in the making of Pakistan and the division of India and the situation thereafter. This is a paperback reprint of the earlier hardback edition, published in 1993.
The Problem of Cultural Dominance: Spicer and Anthropology for Peoples Without History

"He'd mostly listen, ask an occasional question, and when it was over, everything would seem clearer in my mind. The funny part was that it always seemed as though I resolved the question myself, even though I knew it was his magic as a teacher that turned me in the right direction. And then I realized that I had no answer; I had another, better, question." Another: "I returned to the department about 20 years after I graduated. There was still that long line of moths patiently waiting their turn to get to the flame." Another: "I'd join the long line outside his office door, finally get in, and ask my burning question. Ned would respond by posing another question which, of course, would be impossible to consider without a radical reformulation of my earlier perceptions. I would leave with a new and more sophisticated problem to confront." And this from a person who never had a class with him (someone whose name we would all recognize): "I have often wished I could have become famous just so I could give Ned full credit for it.'' And finally (and I admit I am my own informant for this): "He returned an exam on which he'd written comments. I managed to decipher all but one, so I showed it to other students until one finally decoded it. Spicer had written: 'I can't read what you said here.' "
Semantic Annotation of Street-Level Geospatial Entities

In this paper, we describe the PURSUIT Corpus -- an annotated corpus of geospatial path descriptions in spoken natural language. PURSUIT includes the spoken path descriptions along with a synchronized GPS track of the path actually taken. Additionally, we have manually annotated geospatial entity mentions in PURSUIT, mapping them onto point entries in several geographic information system databases. PURSUIT has been made freely available for download.
Recovery after third-molar surgery: The effects of age and sex

Introduction In this study, we assessed the effects of age and sex on quality-of-life recovery after third-molar surgery. Methods Healthy subjects scheduled for removal of third molars were recruited at multiple sites for this study. Each patient was given a condition-specific instrument to be completed each postsurgery day for 14 days. Lifestyle and oral-function recovery were assessed by using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Recovery was defined as the number of days until the patient reported no or little trouble. Recovery from pain was defined as the number of days until no medications were taken. For each quality-of-life item, a Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of age and sex on recovery after controlling for surgical-procedure variables. Results Nine hundred fifty-eight subjects treated at 9 academic centers and 12 community practices were enrolled. Except for ability to open the mouth, recovery for all quality-of-life items for those 21 years or older significantly (P Conclusions Patients older than 21 and those who are female should be informed before removal of all 4 third molars that their oral function, lifestyle, and pain recovery will be prolonged compared with those who are younger and male.
The Influence of Specific and Nonspecific Potassium Current Blockade on the Defibrillation Energy Requirement of Biphasic Shock

UNLABELLED Block of delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) is known to decrease defibrillation energy requirements (DERs). We tested the hypothesis that there would be no difference in DER reduction with a nonspecific IK (IKr + IKs) blocker, ambasilide, and a specific IKr blocker, dofetilide. METHODS An anesthetized canine model (n = 30) of internal transvenous defibrillation with biphasic shocks was used. Ambasilide (n = 9; dose: 4.8 mg/kg, then 9.6 mg/kg/hour), dofetilide (n = 10; dose: 10 (micrograms/kg, then 3.6 (micrograms/kg/hour), or matched placebo (n = 11) were administered. DERs (J) were determined in triplicate using an increment-decrement protocol at baseline and during each treatment. ECG intervals were measured at baseline and during each treatment. ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Ambasilide resulted in a +23.5 +/- 4.06% prolongation of the QTc interval, while dofetilide resulted in a +20.5% +/- 3.76% prolongation of the QTc interval. Thus, the two drugs resulted in comparable prolongation of the QTc interval (P < 0.05 compared to placebo). Both drugs significantly reduced the DER (-17.7% +/- 5.33% reduction by ambasilide, and -21.9% +/- 5.21% reduction by dofetilide, P < 0.05 compared to placebo). There was no difference in the magnitude of DER reduction between the two treatments. CONCLUSIONS Administration of equipotent doses (as indicated by QTc changes) of ambasilide or dofetilide had comparable effects on DERs. Selectivity of IK blockade has no significant effect on the magnitude of reduction in DERs.
Activation of the Arp2/3 complex by N-WASp is required for actin polymerization and contraction in smooth muscle

Contractile stimulation has been shown to initiate actin polymerization in smooth muscle tissues, and this actin polymerization is required for active tension development. We evaluated whether neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASp)-mediated activation of the actin-related proteins 2 and 3 (Arp2/3) complex regulates actin polymerization and tension development initiated by muscarinic stimulation in canine tracheal smooth muscle tissues. In vitro, the COOH-terminal CA domain of N-WASp acts as an inhibitor of N-WASp-mediated actin polymerization; whereas the COOH-terminal VCA domain of N-WASp is constitutively active and is sufficient by itself to catalyze actin polymerization. Plasmids encoding EGFP-tagged wild-type N-WASp, the N-WASp VCA and CA domains, or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were introduced into tracheal smooth muscle strips by reversible permeabilization, and the tissues were incubated for 2 days to allow for expression of the proteins. Expression of the CA domain inhibited actin polymerization and tension development in response to ACh, whereas expression of the wild-type N-WASp, the VCA domain, or EGFP did not. The increase in myosin light-chain (MLC) phosphorylation in response to contractile stimulation was not affected by expression of either the CA or VCA domain of N-WASp. Stimulation of the tissues with ACh increased the association of the Arp2/3 complex with N-WASp, and this association was inhibited by expression of the CA domain. The results demonstrate that 1) N-WASp-mediated activation of the Arp2/3 complex is necessary for actin polymerization and tension development in response to muscarinic stimulation in tracheal smooth muscle and 2) these effects are independent of the regulation of MLC phosphorylation.
Therapeutic alliance perceptions and medication adherence in patients with bipolar disorder

Abstract Background Despite the dissemination of practice guidelines for bipolar disorder, outcomes remain suboptimal, largely due to poor treatment adherence. The episodic nature of bipolar disorder disrupts appropriate patient-provider dynamics, interfering with appropriate care. Maintaining a beneficial therapeutic alliance with providers is one important strategy for improving adherence. We examine the association between adherence and therapeutic environment perceptions among veterans with bipolar disorder. Methods Participants were recruited from the Continuous Improvement for Veterans in Care — Mood Disorders (CIVIC-MD) study ( N = 435). Individual items and a summary score from the Health Care Climate Questionnaire (HCCQ) for bipolar disorder solicited patient evaluations of their therapeutic environment. Multivariable logistic analyses examined the association between therapeutic alliance and two measures of adherence (missed medication days and intrapersonal barriers), adjusting for relevant patient characteristics. Results Adherence difficulty was reported on both measures, with substantial differences between perceived barriers and actual medication behavior. Significantly fewer minority veterans endorsed good adherence than white patients (59% versus 77%), although no ethnic differences were noted in therapeutic environment perceptions. Multivariable results indicated that positive therapeutic alliance was associated with better adherence (HCCQ effect sizes 13–20%). Notably, patients reporting providers encouraged “staying in regular contact” were more likely to be adherent, as were patients whose “providers regularly review their progress”. Limitations Generalizability from observational study; adherence defined by cross-sectional patient self-report. Conclusions The observed association between medication adherence and therapeutic alliance with bipolar treatment supports intervention efforts to strengthen the patient–provider relationship, a bond likely to yield positive clinical outcomes.
Greenhouse gas flux from cropland and restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region

It has been well documented that restored wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America do store carbon. However, the net benefit of carbon sequestration in wetlands in terms of a reduction in global warming forcing has often been questioned because of potentially greater emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). We compared gas emissions (N2O, CH4, carbon dioxide [CO2]) and soil moisture and temperature from eight cropland and eight restored grassland wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region from May to October, 2003, to better understand the atmospheric carbon mitigation potential of restored wetlands. Results show that carbon dioxide contributed the most (90%) to net-GHG flux, followed by CH4 (9%) and N2O (1%). Fluxes of N2O, CH4, CO2, and their combined global warming potential (CO2 equivalents) did not significantly differ between cropland and grassland wetlands. The seasonal pattern in flux was similar in cropland and grassland wetlands with peak emissions of N2O and CH4 occurring when soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) was 40–60% and >60%, respectively; negative CH4 fluxes were observed when WFPS approached 40%. Negative CH4 fluxes from grassland wetlands occurred earlier in the season and were more pronounced than those from cropland sites because WFPS declined more rapidly in grassland wetlands; this decline was likely due to higher infiltration and evapotranspiration rates associated with grasslands. Our results suggest that restoring cropland wetlands does not result in greater emissions of N2O and CH4, and therefore would not offset potential soil carbon sequestration. These findings, however, are limited to a small sample of seasonal wetlands with relatively short hydroperiods. A more comprehensive assessment of the GHG mitigation potential of restored wetlands should include a diversity of wetland types and land-use practices and consider the impact of variable climatic cycles that affect wetland hydrology.
The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin inhibits proadhesive activity of arterial intimal smooth muscle cells

INTRODUCTION: Balloon catheter injury causes de-endothelialization and neointimal hyperplasia. Intimal smooth muscle cells (I-SMCs), forming a pseudoendothelium in the endotheliumdenuded vessels, continue to express high levels of adhesive molecules P-selectin and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and to recruit mononuclear cells, thus perpetuating the inflammatory response. Since rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), can attenuate inflammation after vascular intervention, we investigated whether rapamycin would affect the proadhesive activity of I-SMCs, which are distinctly different from normal medial SMCs (M-SMCs).
Three second chromosome-linked clustered Cyp6 genes show differential constitutive and barbital-induced expression in DDT-resistant and susceptible strains of Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract The level of expression of the Cyp6a2 gene is much higher in the DDT-resistant 91-R strain than in the susceptible 91-C strain of Drosophila melanogaster (Waters et al. (1992b) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 4855–4859). To understand the role of Cyp6a2 and related genes in insecticide resistance, we have isolated and characterized two new Cyp6 genes from the 91-R strain. The polypeptides encoded by these two genes, Cyp6a8 and Cyp6a9 , show 77 and 75% amino acid sequence similarity, and 60 and 55% identity with Cyp6a2 of D. melanogaster , respectively. In the genome, Cyp6a8 and Cyp6a9 genes are closely clustered within 4 kb and map at region 51C of the second chromosome. In between them another Cyp gene is present which is more related to Cyp6a9 than to Cyp6a8 . The Cyp6a8 gene which is transcriptionally highly active in 91-R, moderately active in ry 506 and silent in the 91-C strain hybridizes with 2.0- and 1.8-kb RNAs. Two different-sized RNAs, 2.1 and 1.8 kb, also hybridize with the Cyp6a9 and/or Cyp6a9-related genes. While the level of 2.1-kb RNA is similar in all three strains, the level of 1.8-kb RNA is highest in the 91-R strain and barely detectable in 91-C strain. Transgenic experiments showed that a 8.3-kb BamHI fragment contains the cis -regulatory elements for the expression of both Cyp6a8 and Cyp6a9-related genes. Barbital induces all these genes in all three strains and increases the levels of the two Cyp6a8 transcripts and the 1.8-kb RNA produced by the Cyp6a9 and/or Cyp6a9-related genes. Expression of the Cyp6a8 gene is down-regulated in the hybrids of 91-R and 91-C strains despite the fact that the hybrids carry one copy of the highly active allele of the Cyp6a8 gene of the 91-R strain. Based on these results we propose that the Cyp6a8 gene in 91-C strain may be turned off by an active repressor which might be inhibited by barbital treatment. In the 91-R strain, the putative repressor may be defective, allowing high level of constitutive expression of the Cyp6a8 gene.
An Integrated Conceptual Model of Quality of Life for Older Adults Based on a Synthesis of the Literature

Quality of life is fast becoming a standard of measure of long-term care and gerontological service outcomes. Although the issue of quality of life has been of increasing interest in the field of aging, there has been little agreement as to the clarity and definition of the concept and how to measure it, especially as it relates to older adults. Presented here is a comprehensive, integrated model of quality of life that was developed by synthesizing existing constructs within the literature into six major life domains—(1) social well-being, (2) physical well-being, (3) psychological well-being, (4) cognitive well-being, (5) spiritual well-being, and (6) environmental well-being. Consistent with a general systems framework, this holistic model expands the predominant Health-Related Quality of Life constructs to incorporate non-physical aspects of well-being. Each of these domains was broken down into several dimensions in an effort to operationalize the concept of quality of life so that it can have some common standard of useful measurement. These major life domains and indicators are important factors in determining the perceptions of quality of life of older adults. Understanding what constitutes quality of life and how to measure it comprehensively has significant implications for social policy and practice in the field of aging.
Papillary thyroid cancer: strategies for optimal individualized surgical management.

Objective: The goal of this article was to describe the optimal individualized surgical management of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods: This summary reviews the relevant literature that takes into account description of the context of disease incidence, current practice guidelines, controversies in the management of thyroid resection and management of central neck lymph nodes, alternative methods of treatment, and evidence from the author’s institution to support the final recommendations. Results: Combining the rationale for treatment decisions from the Mayo Clinic’s surgical management of PTC, plus recently published large institutional series and a meta-analysis of patient outcomes, the recommendations for PTC 41 cm include the following: (1) preoperative ultrasound to identify and map the location of lateral jugular lymph node metastasis; (2) bilateral total or near-total thyroidectomy; (3) routine central neck (compartment VI) lymph node dissection; and (4) inclusion of lateral neck lymph node dissection when indicated. Alterations are advised depending on either the level of expertise or anatomic findings at the time of performing the thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection. Conclusions: Because all of the data presented from the Mayo Clinic and the literature fall short of Level 1 evidence, these recommendations should not be considered dogmatic nor should they exclude reasonable alternatives that are also presented. (Clin Ther. 2014;36:1117–1126) & 2014 Elsevier HS Journals,
Electronic structures of trans-dioxometal complexes

We have employed computational methods based on density functional theory to elucidate the effects of equatorial ligands on the electronic structures of trans-dioxometal complexes. In complexes with ammine (σ-only) equatorial donors, the 1A1 g(b2 g)2 → 1Eg(b2 g)1(eg)1 excitation energy increases with metal oxidation state: Mo(IV) < Tc(V) < Ru(VI) and W(IV) < Re(V) < Os(VI). Increasing transition energies are attributed to enhanced oxometal π-donor interactions in the higher valent central metals. But in complexes with cyanide equatorial donors, the 1A1 g(b2 g)2 → 1Eg(b2 g)1(eg)1 energy remains roughly independent of metal oxidation state, likely owing to the compensating increased π-donation from the π(CN) orbitals to the metal dxy orbitals as the oxidation state of the metal increases.