cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Features and benefits of trusted computing

According to the latest Computer Security Institute (CSI) Annual Survey [7], computer infractions and attacks remain a pervasive problem in today's interconnected, globalized society. Financial losses reported or otherwise coupled with lost productivity are just some of the consequences that result from novel and sophisticated attacks. Until recently, the industry's approach was to develop more software-based solutions but Bellovin [5] states that our current software-dominated defenses against such attacks are woefully inadequate.The Trusted Computing Group (TCG) began its mission to promote the use of an open standards-based interoperability framework to embed hardware with software to improve computer security. Specifically, the TCG promotes the use of trusted hardware called the Trusted Platform Module (TPM) in conjunction with TPM-enhanced software to offer improved protection against attacks. Many of today's enterprise and consumer-grade laptops already are equipped with this hardware.This paper will detail some of the benefits of trusted computing, focusing on how the trusted platform works to enable roots of trust to offer improved security. The article will highlight and discuss some of the features and benefits of using this nascent technology in today's computing platform.
Norm oscillatory weight measures

Existence d'un comportement oscillatoire de la norme linearisee dont l'ensemble des valeurs des points limites est un intervalle. Implication des resultats pour la distribution des zeros
A simulation study of the influence of study design on the estimation of benchmark doses for developmental toxicity.

The benchmark dose (BMD)4 approach is emerging as replacement to determination of the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) in noncancer risk assessment. This possibility raises the issue as to whether current study designs for endpoints such as developmental toxicity, optimized for detecting pair wise comparisons, could be improved for the purpose of calculating BMDs. In this paper, we examine various aspects of study design (number of dose groups, dose spacing, dose placement, and sample size per dose group) on BMDs for two endpoints of developmental toxicity (the incidence of abnormalities and of reduced fetal weight). Design performance was judged by the mean-squared error (reflective of the variance and bias) of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) from the log-logistic model of the 5% added risk level (the likely target risk for a benchmark calculation), as well as by the length of its 95% confidence interval (the lower value of which is the (BMD). We found that of the designs evaluated, the best results were obtained when two dose levels had response rates above the background level, one of which was near the ED05, were present. This situation is more likely to occur with more, rather than fewer dose levels per experiment. In this instance, there was virtually no advantage in increasing the sample size from 10 to 20 litters per dose group. If neither of the two dose groups with response rates above the background level was near the ED05, satisfactory results were also obtained, but the BMDs tended to be more conservative (i.e., lower). If only one dose level with a response rate above the background level was present, and it was near the ED05, reasonable results for the MLE and BMD were obtained, but here we observed benefits of larger dose group sizes. The poorest results were obtained when only a single group with an elevated response rate was present, and the response rate was much greater than the ED05. The results indicate that while the benchmark dose approach is readily applicable to the standard study designs and generally observed dose-responses in developmental assays, some minor design modifications would increase the accuracy and precision of the BMD.
Seasonal variations in the color statistics of natural images.

We examined how the distribution of colors in natural images varies as the seasons change. Images of natural outdoor scenes were acquired at locations in the Western Ghats, India, during monsoon an...
Atrial flutter with 1:1 A-V conduction. Report of a case in a pregnant woman successfully treated with DC countershock.

D~~~~~~~ of lntcrnal ~~di~in~, M~~~~ sin& plained of wealnes, d'inines, diaphoresis, car- Hospital. diac palpitations and fear of impending death.
Phytoplankton Community Structure and the Drawdown of Nutrients and CO2 in the Southern Ocean

Data from recent oceanographic cruises show that phytoplankton community structure in the Ross Sea is related to mixed layer depth. Diatoms dominate in highly stratified waters, whereas Phaeocystis antarctica assemblages dominate where waters are more deeply mixed. The drawdown of both carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate per mole of phosphate and the rate of new production by diatoms are much lower than that measured for P. antarctica. Consequently, the capacity of the biological community to draw down atmospheric CO2 and transport it to the deep ocean could diminish dramatically if predicted increases in upper ocean stratification due to climate warming should occur.
The effect of chronic pulmonary hypertension on left ventricular size, function, and interventricular septal motion

The effect of right ventricular pressure overload secondary to chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension on left ventricular size and function and on interventricular septal motion was studied in 13 patients in whom coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hypoxemia were excluded. Regional and global left ventricular function were assessed by computer-assisted analysis of two-dimensional directed M-mode echocardiograms obtained within 24 hours of a hemodynamic study. Septal position and motion were further analyzed by delineating seven points along the right and left sides of the septum during a single cardiac cycle. All echocardiographic data were compared to those of 10 normal subjects. Mean values for right ventricular systolic, mean pulmonary artery and puimonary capillary wedge pressures were: 71 ± 26 mm Hg, 46 ± 16 mm Hg, and 7 ± 1 mm Hg, respectively. Septal motion was interpreted from the M-mode echocardiograms as normal in seven patients (group I) and abnormal in the remaining six patients (group II). The only hemodynamic parameter which distinguished these two patterns was ΔP, the transseptal systolic pressure gradient across the interventricular septum, which was significantly different (p < 0.02) in group I (ΔP = 65 ± 16 mm Hg) from that of group II (ΔP = 21 ± 24 mm Hg). As a result of abnormal septal position, the septal-free wall dimensions of the left ventricle were reduced, but there was no evidence of depressed left ventricular performance in these patients. We conclude that resting left ventricular function is well preserved in patients with pulmonary hypertension, despite significant alterations in septal position and left ventricular size. Abnormal septal motion in patients with right ventricular pressure overload is related to changes in the pressure gradient across the interventricular septum.
Synthesis of asymmetric cyclopropyl acids and amines

(+) (S)- and (−) (R)-trans-1,2-cyclopropanedicarboxylic acids (C3A), (+) (S)- and (−) (R)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclopropanes (C3B), (+) (S)- and (−) (R)-trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamines (oC3B), (+) (S)- and (−) (R)-trans-1,2-bis(methylamino)-cyclopropanes (C3MB), and (+) (S)- and (−) (R)-trans-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)-methylamines (oC3MB) were prepared.
Global News VILLAGE: A Case Study Explication of Targeted Tutorial Development.

Abstract The Global News VILLAGE (Virtual Information Literacy Learning and Growing Environment) is an online tutorial developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to help undergraduates learn how to use the library to find current information about global events and issues. Supporting the interdisciplinary Global Studies curriculum, the tutorial invites the learner to think critically about the products and practices of journalism. Through an introduction to concepts central to media literacy and information literacy, learners are provided with frameworks for understanding some of the political and economic factors that shape the news and are guided through the process of dissecting news stories to understand the perspective from which the stories frame events and issues.
On the underestimation of migration’s income and poverty impact

In estimating the impact of migration on income and poverty, most existing studies have overlooked the fact that migration changes the size of the household. The ‘corrected’ impact that accounts for changes in household size is presented analytically and is estimated on the basis of data from nationally representative household surveys in Albania and Ghana. The analysis considers three poverty measures and four groups of migrant households: those with internal, international, internal and international, and internal and/or international migrants. The ratio of the corrected to the uncorrected impact on per capita income for Ghana (Albania) averages from 2.7 to 4.5 (2.5–3.8), and the ratio for the poverty impact averages from 2.6 to 4.4 (2.1–6.4). Thus, abstracting from changes in household size may result in a substantial underestimate of the impact of migration on income and poverty.
Implementation of a 32-bit RISC processor for the data-intensive architecture processing-in-memory chip

The Data-Intensive Architecture(DIVA) system employs Processing-In-Memory(PIM) chips as smart-memory coprocessors to a micorprocessor. This architecture exploits inherent memory bandwidth both on chip and across the system to target several classes of bandwidth- limited applications, including multimedia applications and pointer-based and sparse-matrix computations. The DIVA project is building a prototype workstation-class system using PIM chips in place of standard DRAMs to demonstrate these concepts. We have recently completed initial testing of the rst version of the prototype PIM device. A key component of this architecture is the scalar processor that coordinates all activ-ity within a PIM node. Since such a component is present in each PIM node,we exploit parallelism to achieve significant speedups rather than relying on costly, high-performance processor design. The resulting scalar processor is then an in-order 32-bit RISC microcontroller that is extremely area-efficient. This paper details the design and implementation of this scalar processor in TSMC 0.18cm technology. In conjunction with other publications, this paper demonstrates that impressive gains can be achieved with very little "smart" logic added to memory devices.
Designing networks incrementally

We consider the problem of incrementally designing a network to route demand to a single sink on an underlying metric space. We are given cables whose costs per unit length scale in a concave fashion with capacity. Under certain natural restrictions on the costs (called the Access Network Design constraints), we present a simple and efficient randomized algorithm that is competitive to the minimum cost solution when the demand points arrive online. In particular, if the order of arrival is a random permutation, we can prove a O(1) competitive ratio. For the fully adversarial case, the algorithm is O(K) -competitive, where K is the number of different pipe types. Since the value of K is typically small, this improves the previous O(log n log log n)-competitive algorithm which was based on probabilistically approximating the underlying metric by a tree metric. Our algorithm also improves the best known approximation ratio and running time for the offline version of this problem.
can low self-control help with the understanding of the software piracy problem?

ABSTRACT Computer crime—specifically, software piracy—is growing, and no research in criminology examines whether low self-control can help us understand the behavior. This study examines the link that Gottfredson and Hirschi's (1990) idea of low self-control has with software piracy. Using a nonrandom sample of college students and measures of low self-control, software pirating peers, software pirating attitudes, and moral beliefs toward software piracy, the findings show that low self-control has a link with software piracy. This finding expands the scope of self-control theory and provides an understanding of why the behavior occurs.
Lipid mediators of insulin resistance.

Lipid abnormalities such as obesity, increased circulating free fatty acid levels, and excess intramyocel-lular lipid accumulation are frequently associated with insulin resistance. These observations have prompted investigators to speculate that the accumulation of lipids in tissues not suited for fat storage (e.g., skeletal muscle and liver) is an underlying component of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. We review the metabolic fates of lipids in insulin-responsive tissues and discuss the roles of specific lipid metabolites (e.g., ceramides, GM3 gan-glioside, and diacylglycerol) as antagonists of insulin signaling and action
The Myth of Male Superiority: Rise and Demise

A prolific literature exists concerning the origins and functions of the institutionalization of sex-role differences. However, persistent problems and sharply divergent views remain. This study attempts to circumvent the nature/nurture controversy by utilizing a holistic-evolutionary approach to the problem. The reviews of evidence from ethology, developmental psychology, and cross-cultural investigations lead to a social-exchange model involving differences in the elasticities of male and female labor contributions in social evolution. Assumptions about future technological progress lead to prediction of the demise of the myth of male supremacy. [sex differences in social evolution, ontogeny of human behavior]
Cognitive Restructuring Through Dreams and Imagery: Descriptive Analysis of a Women's Prison-Based Program

This report describes process and outcome evaluation of an innovative program based in a women's maximum-security correctional facility. Methodology included review of program materials, unobtrusive observation of group process, participant evaluation forms, focus groups, and individual interviews with current and former program participants. Findings indicate that the program was a great source of emotional respite, release, and support for the women, with women describing increased insights into themselves, their traumas, and their crimes. Implications are discussed, including popular appeal of dream work and its potential clinical relevance to prisoners’ inner conflicts.
Role of adiponectin in the metabolic effects of cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade in mice with diet-induced obesity.

The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin promotes fatty acid oxidation and improves insulin sensitivity and thus plays a key role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. Chronic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor blockade also increases lipid oxidation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese individuals or animals, resulting in reduced cardiometabolic risk. Chronic CB1 blockade reverses the obesity-related decline in serum adiponectin levels, which has been proposed to account for the metabolic effects of CB1 antagonists. Here, we investigated the metabolic actions of the CB1 inverse agonist rimonabant in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese adiponectin knockout (Adipo−/−) mice and their wild-type littermate controls (Adipo+/+). HFD-induced obesity and its hormonal/metabolic consequences were indistinguishable in the two strains. Daily treatment of obese mice with rimonabant for 7 days resulted in significant and comparable reductions in body weight, serum leptin, free fatty acid, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the two strains. Rimonabant treatment improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity to the same extent in Adipo+/+ and Adipo−/− mice, whereas it reversed the HFD-induced hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular damage only in the former. The adiponectin-dependent, antisteatotic effect of rimonabant was mediated by reduced uptake and increased β-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver. We conclude that reversal of the HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by chronic CB1 blockade, but not the parallel reduction in adiposity and improved glycemic control, is mediated by adiponectin.
Effects of wind shear on wind turbine rotor loads and planetary bearing reliability

Recent studies suggest that wind shear and the resulting pitch moments increase bearing loads and thereby contribute to premature wind turbine gearbox failure. In this paper, we use momentum-based modeling approaches to predict the pitch moments from wind shear. The non-dimensionalized results, which have been validated against accepted aeroelastic results, can be used to determine thrust force, pitch moment and power of a general rotor as a function of the wind shear exponent. Even in extreme wind shear (m = 1), the actual thrust force and power for a typical turbine (R* < 0.5) were within 8% and 20% of the nominal values (those without wind shear), respectively. The mean pitch moment increased monotonically with turbine thrust, rotor radius and wind shear exponent. For extreme wind shear (m = 1) on a typical turbine (R* = 0.5), the mean pitch moment is ~25% the product of thrust force and rotor radius. Analysis of wind shear for a typical 750 kW turbine revealed that wind shear does not significantly affect bearing loads because it counteracts the effects of rotor weight. Furthermore, even though general pitch moments did significantly increase bearing loads, they were found to be unlikely to cause bearing fatigue. Analyses of more common low wind-speed cases suggest that bearing under-loading and wear are more likely to contribute to premature bearing failure than overloading and classical surface contact fatigue. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food allergy: mechanisms and therapeutics

The immunologic mechanisms responsible for the development of allergic sensitization rather than tolerance to foods are not well understood, although there have been a number of recent advances in our understanding of why some foods are inherently allergenic. In addition, the involvement of alternative routes of exposure that are not inherently tolerogenic may play a role in sensitization to foods. Although there are no currently accepted therapeutic approaches to food allergy, there are a number of approaches to treatment in preclinical or clinical trials. Here, we review selected findings published since 2009 that advance our understanding of mechanisms and new therapeutics for IgE-mediated food allergy.
Optical Absorption in Nano-Structures: Classical and Quantum Models

In the last decade, nano-structured materials have gained a significant interest for applications in solar cells and other optical and opto-electronic devices. Due to carrier confinement, the absorption characteristics in these structures are quite different from the absorption in bulk materials and thin films. Optical absorption coefficients of a silicon nano-wire are obtained based on a semi-classical model where the photon-electron interaction is described by the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with the electrons in the valence band of a semiconductor. The absorption characteristics showed enhanced optical absorption but no resonant peaks. In our modified model, we have identified optically active inter band transitions by performing electronic structure calculations on unit cells of nano-dimensions. The absorption spectrum obtained here shows explicit excitonic processes. This absorption is tunable from the visible region to near UV portion of the solar spectrum. In our previous work on thin films (100 nm) of ITO, we have used classical Drude model to describe free electron absorption. Using the imaginary part of the calculated complex dielectric function, we have plotted the absorption coefficient versus wavelength of the photon and compared with the experimental data showing good agreement between theory and experiment.
A novel approach to improve cardiac performance: cardiac myosin activators

Decreased systolic function is a central factor in the pathogenesis of heart failure, yet there are no safe medical therapies to improve cardiac function in patients. Currently available inotropes, such as dobutamine and milrinone, increase cardiac contractility at the expense of increased intracellular concentrations of calcium and cAMP, contributing to increased heart rate, hypotension, arrhythmias, and mortality. These adverse effects are inextricably linked to their inotropic mechanism of action. A new class of pharmacologic agents, cardiac myosin activators, directly targets the kinetics of the myosin head. In vitro studies have demonstrated that these agents increase the rate of effective myosin cross-bridge formation, increasing the duration and amount of myocyte contraction, and inhibit non-productive consumption of ATP, potentially improving myocyte energy utilization, with no effect on intracellular calcium or cAMP. Animal models have shown that this novel mechanism increases the systolic ejection time, resulting in improved stroke volume, fractional shortening, and hemodynamics with no effect on myocardial oxygen demand, culminating in significant increases in cardiac efficiency. A first-in-human study in healthy volunteers with the lead cardiac myosin activator, CK-1827452, as well as preliminary results from a study in patients with stable chronic heart failure, have extended these findings to humans, demonstrating significant increases in systolic ejection time, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and cardiac output. These studies suggest that cardiac myosin activators offer the promise of a safe and effective treatment for heart failure. A program of clinical studies are being planned to test whether CK-1827452 will fulfill that promise.
The Stream of Consciousness: XXV. Awareness as Commentary (Part I)

This two-part article is propaedeutic to considering subsequently Weiskrantz’s “commentary” conception of consciousness: from the perspective that James bequeathed to us more than a century ago. Weiskrantz has sought to render plausible a general account of awareness that resembles the “Intellectualist” notion of mind to which James had objected in The Principles. Whereas the central problem he addresses is where in the brain James’s consciousness stream flows, Weiskrantz holds all awareness, even pain, is commentary. Contrary to how it may appear to the person himself or herself, every state of consciousness is no more than a kind of behavioral response—covert, overt, or incipient—bringing something or other under some heading. Although Weiskrantz formulates his concept of awareness in terms of operations that get a subject to report so the experimenter can judge whether the subject is aware of something in particular, Weiskrantz rejects all strategies that seek to theoretically eliminate awareness. Nevertheless, he proposes awareness to consist simply of the actual or potential delivery of a report.
Acetabular Involvement in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

When an arthroplasty is needed to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head, the use of a component that replaces or resurfaces only the femoral head is often considered as an alternative to total hip replacement if the acetabulum appears radiographically normal. However, the long-term results of the use of endoprostheses have often been poor, secondary in part to progressive degeneration of the acetabular cartilage and to protrusio acetabuli. To help to explain these observations, we examined the acetabular cartilage in forty-one hips in which a primary total hip replacement had been performed because of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in association with a radiographically normal acetabulum. The cartilage in the superior, weight-bearing region of the acetabulum was grossly abnormal in forty of the forty-one hips and it was histologically abnormal in all thirty-three hips that were so evaluated. In all but one hip, gross degeneration of the cartilage was apparent, involving less than 20 percent of the acetabulum; the degeneration was graded as mild (superficial fibrillation and slight irregularity of the surface) in sixteen hips, moderate (moderate fibrillation, alteration in color and consistency, and thinning of cartilage without complete erosion to bone) in twenty hips, and severe (marked fibrillation, alteration in color and consistency, and marked thinning of cartilage with areas of complete erosion to bone) in four hips. These observations emphasize the fact that radiographs cannot demonstrate early degeneration of cartilage and that, by the time that an arthroplasty is needed, degenerative changes are already present in the acetabular cartilage of a high percentage of hips with osteonecrosis, even when radiographs of the acetabulum show no abnormalities. These findings should be kept in mind when a decision is being made regarding which type of arthroplasty should be done in a patient who has osteonecrosis of the femoral head and regarding when to do the procedure.
Abstract 231: Predicting Readmission Risk Following Coronary Revascularization at the Time of Admission

Objective: Reducing readmissions following hospitalization for coronary revascularization is a national priority. Identifying patients at high risk for readmission early in a hospitalization would enable hospitals to target these individuals for enhanced discharge planning. Traditional risk models identify patients based on characteristics that may not be available until after discharge. We sought to compare the model performance for models based on data that is available earlier in the hospitalization. Methods: We developed models to predict 30-day inpatient readmission to our instititution for a cohort of patients who were revascularized at our institution between January 2010 and December 2013. We developed separate models for patients with percutaneous coronary revascularization (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). We developed three models using data available at three different time points in the hospitalization: 1) at admission, 2) early in the hospitalization and 3) at discharge. Candidate variables for the admission model included demographics, comorbidities, and previous utilization within our system. The second model added initial vital signs and laboratory values. The discharge model added discharge vital signs and laboratory values, discharge medications, new comorbidities, and length of stay. We assessed each model using the c-index. Results: Our cohort included 4,941 PCI patients and 1,633 CABG patients. The readmission rate was 8.4% in the PCI group and 14.2% in the CABG group. For both populations, the discriminative ability of the admission model was high (0.805 for PCI, 0.824 for CABG). The addition of laboratory values and vital signs was associated with slight improvement in discrimination (0.812 for PCI, 0.829 for CABG). The addition of data available at the time of discharge further increased model discrimination (0.833 for PCI, 0.848 for CABG). Except for one model, the strongest predictor of readmission was carrying a diagnosis of hypertension at baseline (OR > 2 for all)). Previous hospitalization within six months was a strong predictor among PCI patients (OR 1.18, p<0.001), and having a previous acute myocardial infarction was the strongest predictor among CABG patients (OR 2.46, p = 0.002). Discussion: Risk prediction models based on data available only at discharge minimally improved the performance of models based solely on demographic and utilization data available at the time of admission. These simplified models may be sufficient to identify patients at highest risk of readmission following coronary revascularization early in the hospitlization. This would allow providers and health systems to target high-risk patients with enhanced discharge planning during the course of the hospitalization, and this may improve the ability to avoid readmissions.
The Butterfly Curve

(1989). The Butterfly Curve. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 442-443.
Correlation of 137Cs Release From Small-Scale to Large-Scale Cement Waste Forms

A study correlating the leachability of 137 Cs from small-scale to large-scale cement forms was performed. The waste forms consisted of (a) organic ion exchange resins incorporated in Portland I cement, with a waste-to-cement ratio of 0.6 and a water-to-cement ratio of 0.4 (as free water) and (b) boric acid waste (12% solution) incorporated in Portland III cement, with a waste-to-cement ratio of 0.7. 137Cs was added to both waste types prior to solidification. The sample dimensions varied from 1 in. ×1 in. to 22 in. × 22 in. (diameter × height). Leach data extending over a period of 260 days were obtained using a modified IAEA leach test. A method based on semi-infinite plane source diffusion model was applied to interpret the leach data, which allows prediction of the amount of 137Cs leached from the forms as a function of leaching time and waste form dimensions. A reasonably good agreement between the experimental and calculated data was obtained for both types of cement waste forms.
Enhanced Production of Resveratrol, Piceatannol, Arachidin-1, and Arachidin-3 in Hairy Root Cultures of Peanut Co-treated with Methyl Jasmonate and Cyclodextrin.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) produces stilbenoids upon exposure to abiotic and biotic stresses. Among these compounds, the prenylated stilbenoids arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 have shown diverse biological activities with potential applications in human health. These compounds exhibit higher or novel biological activities in vitro when compared to their nonprenylated analogues piceatannol and resveratrol, respectively. However, assessment of these bioactivities in vivo has been challenging because of their limited availability. In this study, hairy root cultures of peanut were induced to produce stilbenoids upon treatment with elicitors. Co-treatment with 100 μM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and 9 g/L methyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) led to sustained high levels of resveratrol, piceatannol, arachidin-1, and arachidin-3 in the culture medium when compared to other elicitor treatments. The average yields of arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 were 56 and 148 mg/L, respectively, after co-treatment with MeJA and CD. Furthermore, MeJA...
Inositol phosphate structural requisites for Ca2+ influx.

To understand how inositol phosphates (InsP) cause Ca2+ influx, we injected 37 highly purified compounds containing a total of 49 InsP positional isomers into Xenopus oocytes. The eight InsP that s...
Concern about the expanding prescription drug epidemic: A survey of licensed prescribers and dispensers

BACKGROUND: Prescription drug misuse and abuse has reached epidemic levels in the U.S., and stands as a leading cause of death. As the primary gatekeepers to the medications contributing to this epidemic, it is critical to understand the views of licensed health care professionals. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examine health care professionals' concern regarding prescription drug abuse in their communities and the impact their concern has had on their prescribing and dispensing practices. STUDY DESIGN: An online survey of licensed health care providers. SETTING: Conducted in Indiana. METHODS: This study was a state-wide evaluation of Indiana's prescription drug monitoring program. The questionnaire asked respondents how concerned they were about prescription drug abuse in their community. Variation in the level of concern was examined using ordinary least squares regression and information about the respondents' demographic background and clinical experience. In addition, we used logistic regression to examine whether concern was associated with changing prescribing and/or dispensing behavior. RESULTS: The majority of providers indicated they were "moderately" or "extremely concerned" about prescription drug abuse in their communities. The level of concern, however, varied significantly by profession, with pharmacists, physicians, nurse practitioners/physician assistants being more concerned than dentists. Additional analyses indicate that providers with higher levels of concern were those who also reported recently changing their prescribing and/or dispensing behavior. LIMITATIONS: The voluntary nature and geographical focus of the study limits the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSION: Concern about prescription drug abuse is generally high across the major health care professions; however, a significant minority of providers, particularly among dentists, expressed little or no concern about the epidemic. Increasing health care providers' general level of concern about prescription drug abuse may be an effective public health tool for encouraging voluntary reductions in prescribing and/or dispensing controlled substances. Language: en
Synthesis of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 crystals using DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) as solvent and kinetic transformation studies

Abstract Herein we report the synthesis of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 with Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent. The structural evolution of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 as a function of time at room temperature was followed. We have identified the different stages of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 formation (nucleation, crystallization, growth, and stationary periods) and elucidated its kinetics of transformation. The nucleation and growth of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 crystals followed Avrami's kinetics. The role that DMSO plays in the crystallization and growth of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 is discussed. The crystal sizes of ZIF-67 and ZIF-8 in the presence of DMSO as solvent were significantly smaller than those obtained in typical solvents such as methanol, making this solvent appealing for the synthesis of small crystals with relatively narrow size distribution, a property which is highly desirable for diverse functional applications.
Prophesy: automating the modeling process

Performance models provide significant insight into the performance relationships between an application and the system, either parallel or distributed, used for execution. The development of models often requires significant time, sometimes in the range of months, to develop; this is especially the case for detailed models. This paper presents our approach to reducing the time required for model development. We present the concept of an automated model builder within the Prophesy infrastructure, which also includes automated instrumentation and extensive databases for archiving the performance data. In particular, we focus on the automation of the development of analytical performance models. The concepts include the automation of some well-established techniques, such as curve fitting, and a new technique that develops models as a composition of other models of core components or kernels in the application.
Increased capture of pediatric surgical complications utilizing a novel case-log web application to enhance quality improvement.

Abstract Purpose Documenting surgical complications is limited by multiple barriers and is not fostered in the electronic health record. Tracking complications is essential for quality improvement (QI) and required for board certification. Current registry platforms do not facilitate meaningful complication reporting. We developed a novel web application that improves accuracy and reduces barriers to documenting complications. Methods We deployed a custom web application that allows pediatric surgeons to maintain case logs. The program includes a module for entering complication data in real time. Reminders to enter outcome data occur at key postoperative intervals to optimize recall of events. Between October 1, 2014, and March 31, 2015, frequencies of surgical complications captured by the existing hospital reporting system were compared with data aggregated by our application. Results 780 cases were captured by the web application, compared with 276 cases registered by the hospital system. We observed an increase in the capture of major complications when compared to the hospital dataset (14 events vs. 4 events). Conclusions This web application improved real-time reporting of surgical complications, exceeding the accuracy of administrative datasets. Custom informatics solutions may help reduce barriers to self-reporting of adverse events and improve the data that presently inform pediatric surgical QI. Type of study Diagnostic study/Retrospective study. Level of evidence Level III – case control study.
Pediatric Airway and Esophageal Foreign Bodies

Foreign bodies aspirated into the airway or ingested with retention in the esophagus are common in infants and children. Both can cause life-threatening complications and must be approached with expeditious diagnosis and definitive treatment. Pediatric surgeons should be familiar with diagnosis, treatment, operative management, complications, and outcomes of aerodigestive tract foreign bodies.
METAKRITIK UNTUK SUBAGIO SASTROWARDOYO

troke-width: 0px; "> Abstract Subagio Sastrowardoyo produces good structural analysis in a number of literary studies. One is the study of Sitor Situmorang‘S poetry Sosok Pribadi dalam Sajak. The essay is submitted by Teeuw “as an example and very precise topic” about endeavor of searching the hidden meanings in unanimity and elusive of modern poetry. In Situmorang‘s poetry , the focus discussion of Sastrowardoyo about literature and culture is based on a reading Sosok Pribadi dalam Sajak (SPdS), Sastra Hindia Belanda dan Kita, SHBdK dan Bakat Alam dan Intelektualisme. Overall, the SPDs are written which prioritizes the interpretation of the inner world , psychiatric or “private figure” author as depicted on the content of his work. Content, strong romantic and modernist understanding that puts the artist at the center of artistic creation, has encouraged Sastrowardoyo to blur quality of assessment and work of the author personally, and to blur the distinction between art criticism and morality criticism, and the issue of aesthetics and ethics matters. Sharpness, accuracy, and diligence analysis are often dimmed by passion on doing “holy inquisition” against the author. In SHBdK, Sastrowardoyo shifts away from expressive to structural approach, though he never lost interest in the “private figure” of the author. Keywords: meta-critic , Subagio, SPDs, aesthetics, ethics
The Effects of Parent-Child Interaction and Media Use on Cognitive Development in Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers

The potential for active parent-child interaction to enhance cognitive outcomes in young children is well established. This chapter explores how media use impacts parent-child engagement and cognitive development. Early exposure to media content developed for young children (i.e., foreground media) and content developed for older children and adults (i.e., background media) have differing effects on parent-child interaction and child cognitive factors at young ages. Research on foreground media exposure suggests that parents commonly engage with their young children during media use and that active joint engagement can promote learning. However, the quality and quantity of parent-child interaction may decrease in the presence of media, relative to contexts that do not involve media. Background media exposure, on the other hand, has consistently been shown to influence negatively the quality and quantity of parent-child interaction, play, and focused attention. We review research on these topics and make recommendations for media use guidelines and directions for future research.
Common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis treated with resection and reconstruction with saphenous vein graft.

Abstract Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection are exceedingly rare. Despite an uncommon location and offending pathogen, the treatment paradigm follows that of all mycotic aneurysms. We report the case of a right common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm caused by a tuberculous infection, successfully treated with antibiotics, resection, and autologous interposition graft.
Frequency of lethal means assessment among emergency department patients with a positive suicide risk screen.

Abstract Prior work from surveys and limited populations suggests many emergency department (ED) patients with suicide risk do not have documented lethal means assessments (e.g., being asked about home firearms). The specific objectives of this study were to, in an ED with universal screening for suicide risk: (1) estimate how often ED providers documented lethal means assessment for suicidal patients, and (2) compare patients with and without documented lethal means assessments. We reviewed 800 total charts from a random sample of adults in three a priori age groups (18–34 years; 35–59 years; ≥ 60 years) with a positive suicide risk screen from 8/2014 to 12/2015. Only 18% (n = 145) had documentation by ≥ 1 provider of assessment of lethal means access. Among these 145, only 8% (n = 11) had documentation that someone discussed an action plan to reduce access (most commonly changing home storage or moving objects out of the home). Among 545 suicidal patients discharged home from the ED, 85% had no documentation that any provider assessed access to lethal means. Our findings highlight an important area for improving care: routine, documented lethal means assessment and counseling for patients with suicide risk. There is an urgent need for further exploration of barriers and facilitators.
Structure and Energetics of (111) Surface of γ-Al2O3: Insights from DFT Including Periodic Boundary Approach

The (111) surface of γ-alumina has been reexamined, and a new (111) surface model has been suggested. The local structure of this new surface of γ-alumina, (111)n, has been optimized by the density functionals along with the full electron basis sets by using periodic boundary condition. This newly modeled (111)n surface is characterized by the same stability as that of the (110) surface, and its surface energy amounts to 2.561 J/m2, only about 0.002 J/m2 larger than that of (110). Three different types of the tricoordinated Al centers have been identified on (111)n. Molecular orbital (MO) analysis and the population analysis demonstrate that one type of Al, Al(I), is a nonpaired electron center. The singly occupied MO on Al(I) center is expected to play an important role in the catalytic activities of the γ-alumina. Moreover, the neighboring Al (Al(III)) on the (111)n surface provides suitable acceptance position for the electron donating groups. The defected surfaces of (111)n are found to be having a si...
Translational Animal Models for Liver Cancer

Animal models have become increasingly important in the study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as they serve as a critical bridge between laboratory-based discoveries and human clinical trials. Developing an ideal animal model for translational use is challenging, as the perfect model must be able to reproduce human disease genetically, anatomically, physiologically, and pathologically. This brief review provides an overview of the animal models currently available for translational liver cancer research, including rodent, rabbit, non-human primate, and pig models, with a focus on their respective benefits and shortcomings. While small animal models offer a solid starting point for investigation, large animal HCC models are becoming increasingly important for translation of preclinical results to clinical practice.
Client-Centered Advocacy in Education and Clinical Training from the Supervisees’ Perspective

As the field of marriage and family therapy has evolved along with managed care and the transition to a recovery-oriented approach to mental health, the concept of client-centered advocacy has become the focus of much conversation. As part of the discussion about professional competency, the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy code of ethics proposes that marriage and family therapists (MFTs) should be committed to advocacy. Though there has been a push for client-centered advocacy in the field of marriage and family therapy, it is often difficult to operationalize the term: what, exactly, does client-centered advocacy mean, and how does it look in the various settings of clinical practice, particularly for student trainees and interns? Though there is substantial research about the social justice movement in psychotherapy and clinical counseling, and some research about client-centered advocacy in psychotherapy education and training, this research is solely from the perspective of the educator and/or supervisor. In this chapter, we present the results of a study that examined the experiences of client-centered advocacy of MFT trainees and interns that are currently engaged in clinical training. We identify the various aspects of training and supervision that are particularly helpful in terms of educating student trainees and interns about how to carry out client-centered advocacy in clinical practice. Additionally, we propose ways in which educators and supervisors can better meet the needs of students and supervisees who are engaged in client-centered advocacy throughout the training process.
Factors Impacting Online Ratings for Otolaryngologists.

OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with online patient ratings and comments for a nationwide sample of otolaryngologists. METHODS Ratings, demographic information, and written comments were obtained for a random sample of otolaryngologists from HealthGrades.com and Vitals.com . Online Presence Score (OPS) was based on 10 criteria, including professional website and social media profiles. Regression analyses identified factors associated with increased rating. We evaluated for correlations between OPS and other attributes with star rating and used chi-square tests to evaluate content differences between positive and negative comments. RESULTS On linear regression, increased OPS was associated with higher ratings on HealthGrades and Vitals; higher ratings were also associated with younger age on Vitals and less experience on HealthGrades. However, detailed correlation studies showed weak correlation between OPS and rating; age and graduation year also showed low correlation with ratings. Negative comments more likely focused on surgeon-independent factors or poor bedside manner. CONCLUSION Though younger otolaryngologists with greater online presence tend to have higher ratings, weak correlations suggest that age and online presence have only a small impact on the content found on ratings websites. While most written comments are positive, deficiencies in bedside manner or other physician-independent factors tend to elicit negative comments.
“Just treat me as a teacher!” Mapping language teacher agency through gender, race, and professional discourses

Abstract Drawing on a longitudinal project, this paper focuses on the micro-aspects of emergent agency in several English-as-a-second-language teachers in training with a focus on the causative social factors that mediate this construct. Specifically, as it employs multimedia narrative structures, including written texts, images, and interviews, it traces how gender, race, and culture mediate the formation of their agentive selves. These factors are not isolated from one another but interact closely. Findings reveal how the participants respond to the often stereotypical discourses of gender and race in their personal and professional relationships with others. They show that by employing multimodal spaces for unique personal, on the one hand, and larger, social positionings, on the other, the narratives provide the teachers with the opportunity for active awareness, resistance, and transformative practices. The paper and the analysis are informed by ecological perspectives on agency and Bakhtin's views of relational selves and social responsibility.