cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating visual and mathematical models for the management of interdependent critical infrastructures

Critical infrastructures provide services essential to a nation's economy and security. These systems are now viewed as interconnected and interdependent systems that must be managed over space and time. The central problem of the present line of research is how to develop computer-based tools to support the delivery of services provided by these infrastructures. This paper draws upon visualization and modeling sciences to develop a methodology for defining a set of visualization and visual tools for monitoring and managing interdependent critical infrastructure systems. An example is used to illustrate the steps in the methodology.
Fine Structural Alterations Induced in Platelets by Adenosine Diphosphate

Blood platelets exposed to the nucleotide adenosine diphosphate (ADP) lose their discoid appearance and adhere to one another. The basis for the ADP induced shape change has remained obscure. In the present study the structural transformations of platelets under the influence of ADP have been examined in the electron microscope. Loss of lentiform appearance is closely related to a marked reorganization of the platelet hyaloplasm. The marginal bundle of microtubules decreases in circumference and is moved into the interior of the platelet. Granules and other organelles are transported to the cell center where they are enveloped within a web of microtubules and microfilaments. These changes are completely reversed after the influence of ADP disappears. The movement of the circumferential bundle of microtubules from its position under the cell wall appears to be the principle cause for the loss of discoid shape. Constriction of hyaloplasmic elements followed by complete recovery of unaltered appearance are indicative of a reversible wave of contraction occurring in the platelet hyaloplasm. Thus the change in platelet surface contour after exposure to ADP is not due to a direct modification of the cell wall by ADP, but to a contractile wave which ADP indirectly triggers in the substance of the cells.
Cognition in Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders

Sattler (1974, p. 344), in his textbook on the assessment of children’s intelligence, states: “Research has shown that intellectual functioning is not usually a major factor of importance in the etiology of childhood behavioral or neurotic disorders.” He goes on to suggest, however, that emotional disorders could affect intellectual functioning in many different ways.
Do Large Swings in Equity Values Change Risk Tolerance

Changes in average FinaMetrica monthly risk tolerance scores were evaluated during the January 2007 to May 2012 time period that spanned the global financial crisis. The research objective was to test whether fluctuations in equity returns influence average risk tolerance scores over time. A strong positive correlation (0.70) between average monthly risk tolerance scores and the S&P 500 was noted. The standard deviation for average monthly risk tolerance scores was relatively low (1.86 percent) compared to monthly S&P 500 values (17.27 percent). Average monthly risk tolerance scores increased as price/earnings ratios increased and decreased as dividend yields increased. Respondents became less risk tolerant as equity valuations became more attractive. Average risk tolerance scores demonstrated little monthly variation despite large swings in equity values during this time period. This suggests that individual risk tolerance scores are determined more by individual preference than external market forces.
Emerging viral diseases.

In recent years there has been increasing attention paid to the changing patterns of infectious diseases. In particular, the factors that lead to increases in the rates of these so-called ‘emerging infectious diseases’ (EIDs) has focused primarily on the role of human activities, such as land use changes, population growth, increased contacts with wild animal reservoirs and the degradation of health care resources. It is estimated that the majority – some estimates place it as high as 75%, of these emerging diseases are derived from animals. These zoonoses spill over from their natural reservoirs either through direct contact or indirectly through close contact with domestic animals and subsequently into human populations. In this paper, we take the emphasis proposed by Childs (2004) that many of the key factors that receive the focus of researchers in EIDs are important ‘transmission modifiers’ They increase the potential for transmission. But the most important event in new disease emergence is genetic changes in the pathogen that make it possible to become established in a new host species, productively infect new individuals in the new hosts (typically humans) and create local, regional or world wide health threats. We focus on six groups of viral pathogens and their diseases that have received increased attention during the past five years. We briefly outline some of their basic biology, epidemiology, clinical presentation and the bases, to the extent it is understood, of how these agents have emerged and the current risk they represent.
Congenital aberrant left pulmonary artery:5 cases report and review of the literature

Objective:To Study of the diagnosis and treatment of congenital aberrant left pulmonary artery(CALPA) by reviewing the clinical and radiological data.Methods:Between April 2009 and March 2010,5 patients affected by congenital CALPA were admitted in our hospita1.The clinical features,Diagnostic means and surgical treatment methods of CALPA were discussed.Results:CALPA was found in all patients by echocar-diograph and spiral CT.Two patients got better by expectant treatment.Three patients were surgically treated,These procedures resulted in one learly death,Another 2 patients are doing wel1 now.Conclusion:Repeatedly wheezing,lung infection and airway obstruction manifestations in early infancy should consider CALPA.Echocardiography and spiral CT is the best methods to the diagnosis of CALPA.Surgical interfering should be done as soon as diagnose is made.The surgical techniques include left pulmonary artery reimplantation and tracheo-plasty.
Using Ion Exchange Chromatography to Purify a Recombinantly Expressed Protein

Ion exchange chromatography (IEX) separates molecules by their surface charge, a property that can vary vastly between different proteins. There are two types of IEX, cation exhange and anion exchange chromatography. The protocol that follows was designed by the authors for anion exchange chromatography of a recombinantly expressed protein having a pI of 4.9 and containing two cysteine residues and one tryptophan residue, using an FPLC system. Prior to anion exchange, the protein had been salted out using ammonium sulfate precipitation and partially purified via hydrophobic interaction chromatography (see Salting out of proteins using ammonium sulfate precipitation and Use and Application of Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography for Protein Purification). Slight modifications to this protocol may be made to accommodate both the protein of interest and the availability of equipment.
Regulation of streptokinase-human plasmin complex by the plasma proteinase inhibitors alpha 2-antiplasmin and alpha 2-macroglobulin is species specific and temperature dependent

Streptokinase-plasmin complex (SkPl) was prepared with human plasminogen. Regulation of SkPl and plasmin by the plasma proteinase inhibitors, alpha 2-antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M), was studied as a function of temperature in plasminogen-depleted human plasma, mouse plasma, and solutions of purified proteins. The reaction of plasmin with proteinase inhibitors in human plasma was complete. alpha 2AP was the predominant inhibitor. The fraction of alpha 2M-plasmin recovered was not affected significantly by incubation temperature. In contrast, the reaction of SkPl with human proteinase inhibitors was markedly temperature dependent. The apparent second-order rate constant for the reaction of SkPl with purified alpha 2AP at 37 degrees C (1.5 x 10(2) mol/L-1 s-1) was greater than 150-fold higher than the constant derived at 4 degrees C. In human plasma and in solutions containing mixtures of purified human proteins, alpha 2AP was the principal inhibitor of SkPl. Elevating the temperature enhanced the reaction of SkPl with alpha 2AP and alpha 2M comparably. Equivalent results were obtained when incubations were performed in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or whole blood. In murine plasma, SkPl reacted readily with the proteinase inhibitors. The principal inhibitor of SkPl was alpha 2M. Maximum reaction between SkPl and murine alpha 2M was observed at 37 degrees C; however, significant reaction also occurred at 4 degrees C. alpha 2 AP was the predominant inhibitor of plasmin in mouse plasma. Reaction of alpha 2AP with SkPl in murine plasma was significant only after the alpha 2M was inactivated with methylamine. These results were not affected by platelets or whole blood cells. We conclude that the thrombolytic efficacy of streptokinase reflects not only the nature of the plasminogen activator complex but also the function of the proteinase inhibitors.
Efficient Temporal Sequence Comparison and Classification Using Gram Matrix Embeddings on a Riemannian Manifold

In this paper we propose a new framework to compare and classify temporal sequences. The proposed approach captures the underlying dynamics of the data while avoiding expensive estimation procedures, making it suitable to process large numbers of sequences. The main idea is to first embed the sequences into a Riemannian manifold by using positive definite regularized Gram matrices of their Hankelets. The advantages of the this approach are: 1) it allows for using non-Euclidean similarity functions on the Positive Definite matrix manifold, which capture better the underlying geometry than directly comparing the sequences or their Hankel matrices, and 2) Gram matrices inherit desirable properties from the underlying Hankel matrices: their rank measure the complexity of the underlying dynamics, and the order and coefficients of the associated regressive models are invariant to affine transformations and varying initial conditions. The benefits of this approach are illustrated with extensive experiments in 3D action recognition using 3D joints sequences. In spite of its simplicity, the performance of this approach is competitive or better than using state-of-art approaches for this problem. Further, these results hold across a variety of metrics, supporting the idea that the improvement stems from the embedding itself, rather than from using one of these metrics.
The Association of Age With Short-Term and Long-Term Mortality in Adults Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

Background:Based on the current literature, it is unclear whether advanced age itself leads to higher mortality in critically ill patients or whether it is due to the greater number of comorbidities in the elderly patients. We hypothesized that increasing age would increase the odds of short-term and long-term mortality after adjusting for baseline comorbidities in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.Methods:We performed a retrospective cohort study of 57 160 adults admitted to any ICU over 5 years at 2 academic tertiary care centers. Patients were divided into age-groups, 18 to 39, 40 to 59, 60 to 79, and ≥80. The primary outcomes were 30-day and 365-day mortality. Results were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression adjusting for demographics and the Elixhauser-van Walraven Comorbidity Index.Results:The adjusted 30-day mortality odds ratios (ORs) were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.60), 2.00 (95% CI: 1.75-2.28), and 3.33 (95% CI: 2.90-3.82) for age-groups 40 to 59, 60 to 79, and ≥80, r...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Longitudinal Study in a Multiracial Cohort.

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis may be implicated in glucose homeostasis, but its longitudinal profile across gestation in relation to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is largely unknown. We prospectively investigated IGF axis biomarkers in early-to-midpregnancy in relation to subsequent GDM risk in a case-control study of 107 case subjects with GDM and 214 control subjects without GDM, with blood sample collection at gestational weeks 10–14, 15–26, 23–31, and 33–39. Conditional logistic regression was used, adjusting for major risk factors including prepregnancy BMI. Plasma IGF-I and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations and molar ratio of IGF-I to IGFBP-3 increased, whereas IGFBP-2 decreased throughout pregnancy. At gestational weeks 10–14, both IGF-I and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 were positively associated with GDM risk; adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest versus lowest quartile (ORQ4-Q1) was 2.93 (95% CI 1.18, 7.30) for IGF-I and 3.31 (1.10, 9.98) for IGF-I/IGFBP-3. In contrast, higher IGFBP-2 levels were related to a substantially lower risk of GDM (ORQ4-Q1 0.04 [0.01, 0.06]). Similar results were observed at gestational weeks 15–26. In sum, the IGF axis, IGFBP-2 in particular, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of GDM, with significant associations and incremental predictive value detected as early as gestational weeks 10–14, ∼10–18 weeks earlier before GDM is typically screened for.
Nonlinear optical metasurfaces(Conference Presentation)

Two-dimensional metamaterials (metasurfaces) have led to many exciting phenomena both in linear and nonlinear optics. In this talk I will present an overview of some recent results for both metallic and dielectric metasurfaces. Record second order nonlinearities can be obtained when metallic metasurfaces are coupled with resonant electronic transitions in semiconductors such as intersubband transitions. Additionally, since the nonlinear unit in this case is a single resonator coupled to the semiconductor heterostructure, additional functionality can be obtained at the second harmonic beam. This phenomena can be described as a phased-array source. Using this principle, we have created beam and polarization splitters operating at the second harmonic wavelength. This is new functionality that has no counterpart in conventional nonlinear optical materials. Another interesting case is the combination of all-dielectric metasurfaces with nonlinear optical phenomena, both bulk and surface enhanced. All-dielectric metasurfaces provide a platform to engineer magnetic and electric resonant modes in wavelength-scale nanoresonators with very low loss. Fabricating such dielectric metasurfaces from different types of semiconductors can be used to enhance their second and third order nonlinearities by several orders of magnitudes.
The Bright and Dark Sides of Personality: Implications for Personnel Selection in Individual and Team Contexts

That personality has shown itself relevant to individual attitudes and behavior, and to team and organizational functioning, seems an incontrovertible statement. Barrick and Mount (2005: 361) flatly state: ‘Personality traits do matter at work’ and indeed the data appear to support their conclusion (Hogan, 2005). Barrick et al. (2001) analyzed extant meta-analyses on relationship between the ‘big five’ personality traits and job performance, finding a multiple correlation of R 0.47 when the five traits were used to predict overall job performance. Other large-scale reviews have linked personality to job satisfaction (Judge et al., 2002a), leadership (Judge et al., 2002b), workplace deviance (Salgado, 2002), well-being (DeNeve and Cooper, 1998), and organizational commitment (Erdheim et al., 2006). However, skeptics remain. One line of criticism argues that whilst personality has nonzero associations with important criteria, the effect sizes are small. In arguing that little has changed since Guion and Gottier’s (1965) influential (and pessimistic) review, Schmitt (2004: 348) observed, ‘The observed validity of personality measures, then and now, is quite low even though they can account for incrementally useful levels of variance in work-related criteria beyond that afforded by cognitive ability measures because personality and cognitive ability measures are usually minimally correlated’. Hogan (2005) takes issue with overall assessment, while also arguing that the validity of personality measures is often underestimated by failing to account for poor measures, the source of personality ratings (self versus observer), and the situationally specific nature of performance. He concludes, ‘The bottom line is, personality measures work pretty well, especially when compared with all the other measures’ (p. 340). Our own view is that whereas it is true that the validities for personality variables cannot be labeled as strong using the Cohen (1977) effect size conventions, the same is true of virtually any meaningful predictor of broad, complex criteria such as job performance. For example, there is perhaps no theory in organizational behavior more respected for its validity than goal-setting theory. Locke and Latham (2002: 714) concluded, ‘Goal-setting theory is among the most valid and practical theories of employee motivation in organizational psychology’ and Miner (2003) found that organizational behavior scholars ranked goal-setting theory as the most important of all (73 were rated) management theories. Yet meta-analyses have revealed that the overall validity of goal difficulty in predicting job performance is dc 0.577 (Wood et al., 1987), which translates into a correlation of Rc 0.277. This differs little from the overall validity of conscientiousness (Rc 0.23) or core self-evaluations (Rc 0.23) in predicting job performance. When one considers the constellation of traits, the validity is much higher (Rc 0.47, as noted above).
Design of Large Engineered Systems

OLEV is a large system that was designed and implemented in two years. This chapter explains how the design and implementation of OLEV were accomplished so expeditiously by introducing readers to Axiomatic Design and complexity theory. It discusses how these theories provide the basis for designing large systems and how to remove “complexity” from the design of these systems that are so often subject to massive delays and cost overruns.
Semiparametric Smooth Coefficient Stochastic Frontier Model With Panel Data

We investigate the semiparametric smooth coefficient stochastic frontier model for panel data in which the distribution of the composite error term is assumed to be of known form but depends on som...
6S RNA Mimics B-Form DNA to Regulate Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase

Summary Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression in all organisms. Bacterial 6S RNAs globally regulate transcription by binding RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme and competing with promoter DNA. Escherichia coli ( Eco ) 6S RNA interacts specifically with the housekeeping σ 70 -holoenzyme (Eσ 70 ) and plays a key role in the transcriptional reprogramming upon shifts between exponential and stationary phase. Inhibition is relieved upon 6S RNA-templated RNA synthesis. We report here the 3.8 A resolution structure of a complex between 6S RNA and Eσ 70 determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy and validation of the structure using footprinting and crosslinking approaches. Duplex RNA segments have A-form C3′ endo sugar puckers but widened major groove widths, giving the RNA an overall architecture that mimics B-form promoter DNA. Our results help explain the specificity of Eco 6S RNA for Eσ 70 and show how an ncRNA can mimic B-form DNA to directly regulate transcription by the DNA-dependent RNAP.
Applications—Fluid Mechanics

Abstract This chapter aims to discuss finite element analysis (FEA) applications in the field of fluid mechanics. The theoretical fundamental on fluid mechanics is reviewed. The governing equations of fluid mechanics are introduced, and these equations are applied in formulating FEA models for fluid mechanics problems. The modeling and solving processes for some common problems of fluid mechanics including pipe flows, steady incompressible fluid flow, and groundwater are discussed. In particular, the solution to the fluid flow governed by Poisson's equations is presented in details.
Algorithm Versus Cut-Point Derived PTSD in Ex-Prisoners of War

This study compared symptom-based algorithm to cut-point scoring of the PTSD Checklist (PCL) in a sample of 504 World War II ex-prisoners of war not seeking treatment. There was relatively high correspondence (κ = .80) between the scoring methods; the algorithm identified more participants as having PTSD than the standard cut-point of 50. Receiver Operator Curve analyses revealed that a cut-point of 42 distinguished optimally between the algorithm-defined PTSD and non-PTSD groups. An optimal scoring method might use both cut-point and algorithm, ensuring individuals have the symptoms necessary for a diagnosis and of sufficient severity.
The Plant Hormone Concept: Transport, Concentration, and Sensitivity

The idea that transport was an essential part of the role of plant hormones originally came from experiments on the phototropic control of coleoptile growth. The hypothesis was that the IAA was synthesized in the tip, transported basipetally and was then redistributed laterally to give differential growth and bending. We now know that most of the IAA coming from the coleoptile tip is not synthesized in situ from tryptophan but comes from an IAA-inositol source in the endosperm of the grain (see Chapter Bl), and is transported, as free IAA or as the IAA-conjugate, to the tip of the coleoptile where conjugate hydrolysis occurs. While so far we have only a minor deviation from the original concept, many studies have failed to show a redistribution of IAA in response to tropistic stimuli. In addition, studies by Firn and Digby (7) show that, at least in some cases, growth begins all along the stem at the same time, and faster than auxin can be transported from the tip. Thus, if auxin is involved in tropistic responses of stems it must already be in, or synthesized in, the responding tissue rather than being redirected in transit from the tip. If a stem is cut longitudinally in half and then laid on its side, the bottom half will grow faster than the top half, so that redistribution across the entire stem is not necesary for differential growth.
Reaktion von Phosphinboran, Phenylphosphinboran und Phosphoniumjodid mit Natriumtetrahydridoborat

Phosphinboran und Phosphoniumjodid reagieren mit NaBH4 unter H2-Entwicklung zu H2P(BH3)2−Na+(I), Phenylphosphinboran zuPhHP(BH3)2−Na+ (II). Methylphosphinboran, Phenylphosphin und die Anionen von I und II reagieren nicht mit NaBH4, da die Aciditat des an Phosphor gebundenen Wasserstoffs zu gering ist. Auch (PhHP·BCl2)3 reagiert mit NaBH4 unter Wasserstoffentwicklung.
Limited Regeneration of Adult Salivary Glands after Severe Injury Involves Cellular Plasticity.

Summary In the adult salivary glands, the origin of replacement and regenerated acinar cells remains unclear. Although many reports describe the identification of stem cells in adult salivary glands, we have shown that differentiated acinar cells can be maintained and regenerated through self-duplication. Here, we have used genetic mouse models to further investigate acinar cell replacement and regeneration during homeostasis and after injury. Under normal conditions or after duct ligation, replacement of duct and acinar cells occurs through lineage-restricted progenitors. In contrast, after irradiation, in vivo lineage tracing shows that acinar, as well as duct, cells contribute to acinar cell regeneration, revealing that cellular plasticity is involved in salivary gland repair. Our results also indicate that even after radiation damage, several cell populations have regenerative potential for restoring salivary gland function.
Correction to: Deduction and definability in infinite statistical systems

Prop. 1 on p. 10 is false as stated. The proof implicitly assumes that all Cauchy sequences.
That’s Interesting! Or Is It? On the Incommensurability of Academic and Practitioner Interests

Building on prior work asserting the incommensurability of academic and practitioner worlds, we suggest that differing ground assumptions on management topics are a potential explanation for the la...
5G RF Front End Module Architectures for Mobile Applications

The explosive growth and adoption of smartphones provides access to voice and data for billions of people worldwide today and connected devices are expect to reach 5.6 billion in 2020. This growth has been and continues to be the engine for semiconductor industry due to required computational power of CMOS technology in lower feature nodes as FinFet 7nm/14nm for application processors, modems and transceivers. The adoption of 5G will bring higher data capacity and low latency using sub-6GHz bands and mmWave spectrum, with the first expected to be deployed in next generation 5G smartphones. This 5G evolution will open up new applications where our phones will be a conduit for massive amounts of data. With lower feature nodes for RF CMOS there is an increased usage of digital signal processing (DSP) and RF digital calibration which are part of modern modem technology. 5G requires more RF bands, so there is a clear shift in terms of what parts of the RF systems are portioned in advanced CMOS nodes and what RF and analogue blocks are integrated with other components such as acoustic duplexers and filters in multiple RF front-end-modules (RF FEMs). This paper proposes a low cost RF partitioning and architecture which will be part of 5G RF FEMs. This paper also presents some design/measurement results and explains how these modules can be integrated into a complex 4G/5G system RF front end (RFFE) for mobile applications.
Disorientations: Chinese Literature in the American University

This paper examines the various scholarly and institutional mediations by which Chinese literature has been studied in the West, starting with the governing assumptions of nineteenth-century European philology and moving to the defense-strategical motivations behind the development of area studies programs after World War II, to the burgeoning of East-West comparative literature, and finally to the often concealed, but usually overtly universalizing presumptions of contemporary Western theory. While I do not wish to argue for a parochial cultural essentialism or exceptionalism that would insulate Chinese literary traditions from the analytical tools of Western academic practice, I do feel that concepts with claims to be "global" have not really been seriously tested by works embedded in very different histories and contexts, and questions about the function and nature of humanistic discourse have been assumed to be transportable rather than subject to confrontation and transformation from those works. Finally, I point out how the asymmetry in this relationship between Western theory and other traditions has been institutionalized in the typical departmental structure of the American university, a situation that is only now being subject to challenge.
High-throughput lightsheet optical manipulation and measurement with optical coherence tomography

We demonstrated high-throughput lightsheet optical manipulation and measurement with optical coherence tomography. Radiation pressure from a lightsheet simultaneously accelerated micro-beads distributed along its long axis, spanning ~ 80 μm, with maximum force magnitude of 0.031 pN/mW.
Percutaneous microwave ablation for control of massive portal venous bleeding

We present a case of a 46 years old female with decompensated liver cirrhosis who developed severe intraperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to inadvertent liver puncture during a paracentesis which resulted in a combined hepatic arterial and portal venous injury. The arterial injury was managed with transarterial embolization. The portal venous injury was managed with percutaneous microwave ablation. This article also highlights the importance of evaluating both arterial injury as well as portal venous injury in the setting of hepatic bleeding, particularly in patients with portal hypertension.
Novel Targets of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in Human Fetal Brain Development Suggest Early Pregnancy Vulnerability

Pregnant women are at greater risk of infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), because of their altered immunity and strained cardiovascular system. Emerging studies of placenta, embryos, and cerebral organoids suggest that fetal organs including brain could also be vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, a case study from Paris has reported transient neurological complications in neonates born to pregnant mothers. However, it remains poorly understood whether the fetal brain expresses cellular components that interact with Spike protein (S) of coronaviruses, which facilitates fusion of virus and host cell membrane and is the primary protein in viral entry. To address this question, we analyzed the expression of known (ACE2, TMPRSS2, and FURIN) and novel (ZDHHC5, GOLGA7, and ATP1A1) S protein interactors in publicly available fetal brain bulk and single cell RNA sequencing datasets. Bulk RNA sequencing analysis across multiple regions of fetal brain spanning 8 weeks post conception (wpc)-37wpc indicates that two of the known S protein interactors are expressed at low levels with median normalized gene expression values ranging from 0.08 to 0.06 (ACE2) and 0.01-0.02 (TMPRSS2). However, the third known S protein interactor FURIN is highly expressed (11.1-44.09) in fetal brain. Interestingly, all three novel S protein interactors are abundantly expressed throughout fetal brain development with median normalized gene expression values ranging from 20.38-21.60 (ZDHHC5), 92.47-68.35 (GOLGA7), and 65.45-194.5 (ATP1A1). Moreover, the peaks of expression of novel interactors is around 12-26wpc. Using publicly available single cell RNA sequencing datasets, we further show that novel S protein interactors show higher co-expression with neurons than with neural progenitors and astrocytes. These results suggest that even though two of the known S protein interactors are present at low levels in fetal brain, novel S protein interactors are abundantly present and could play a direct or indirect role in SARS-CoV-2 fetal brain pathogenesis, especially during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy.
The Mucosal Innate Immune Response to Cryptosporidium parvum, a Global One Health Issue

Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan parasite that infects the intestinal epithelium of humans and livestock animals worldwide. Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal-related deaths in young children and a major cause of economic loss in cattle operations. The disease is especially dangerous to infants and immunocompromised individuals, for which there is no effective treatment or vaccination. As human-to-human, animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission play a role in cryptosporidiosis disease ecology, a holistic 'One Health' approach is required for disease control. Upon infection, the host's innate immune response restricts parasite growth and initiates the adaptive immune response, which is necessary for parasite clearance and recovery. The innate immune response involves a complex communicative interplay between epithelial and specialized innate immune cells. Traditional models have been used to study innate immune responses to C. parvum but cannot fully recapitulate natural host-pathogen interactions. Recent shifts to human and bovine organoid cultures are enabling deeper understanding of host-specific innate immunity response to infection. This review examines recent advances and highlights research gaps in our understanding of the host-specific innate immune response to C. parvum. Furthermore, we discuss evolving research models used in the field and potential developments on the horizon.
Flexible by design: Developing human resource policies and practices that provide flexibility through the uncertainties created by a pandemic

Because evaluators often discount the contributions of racial and ethnic minorities to their organizations’ success (e.g. Carton & Rosette, 2011;Greenhaus & Parasuraman, 1993), it is probable that members of these groups may be unjustly perceived as less valuable than their White counterparts. [...]the employer may develop a flextime policy that calls for employees in that position to choose their working hours, requiring only that they work a total of 40 hours per week and are present during core hours. [...]employees experiencing some of the milder symptoms associated with COVID-19 may be inclined to disregard them, particularly when time-off benefits incentivize workers to avoid missing work due to illness. Cross-training can help to alleviate the sense of obligation to come to work that employees feel when they believe that no one else is capable of performing their critical job duties. [...]by effectively implementing cross-training programs, organizations can support their employees in making responsible decisions regarding their own health and the health of others during a pandemic.
Single Expansion Ramp Nozzles: Impact of Ramp Length on Flow and Acoustics

This paper investigates the effect of external expansion ramps on supersonic flow emitted from high-aspect-ratio rectangular nozzles with a focus on additional sources of noise due to ramps as well...
Fretting Corrosion, Third-Body Polyethylene Damage, and Cup Positioning in Primary vs Revision Dual Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Dual mobility (DM) articulations were introduced for total hip arthroplasty to reduce the risk of instability for patients who have a high risk of dislocation. The use of DM constructs in both primary and revision total hip arthroplasty has been steadily increasing, leading to concerns regarding potential risks of fretting corrosion, polyethylene wear, metal release, and failure due to component positioning. Methods A total of 56 retrieved DM constructs were collected. The inner and outer polyethylene liner surfaces were assessed for 7 damage mechanisms, and fretting corrosion was evaluated for the femoral stem, head, and modular liner. Three polyethylene liners with the greatest amounts of embedded debris were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to determine the elemental content of the debris. Acetabular cup orientation was analyzed radiographically using the EBRA (Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analyse) method. Results The devices were revised most frequently for infection (36%), loosening (21%), and instability/dislocation (18%). The most common polyethylene damage mechanisms were scratching, pitting, burnishing, and embedded debris, and no difference in total damage was found between primary and revision cases. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that debris morphology and composition were consistent with porous titanium coating, resulting from cup loosening or broken screws and augments. A total of 71% and 50% of the constructs were determined to be within the Lewinnek safe zone for inclination and anteversion, respectively. Conclusion The most notable mechanisms of surface damage were due to third-body debris, especially for the polyethylene surfaces which articulate against cobalt-chromium femoral heads and acetabular liners. Scratching of the femoral head and the metal liner from this debris may support the clinical use of ceramic for DM bearing surfaces in the future.
Methane Monooxygenase: Models and Mechanism

There is much current interest in non-heme diiron carboxylate proteins. Included are the hydroxylase enzyme of methane monooxygenase (MMO), hemerythrin, ribonucleotide reductase, and purple acid phosphatase, all of which contain a dinuclear iron center at their active site. We ultimately desire an understanding of how these units are tuned in each protein to exhibit diverse functions ranging from the reversible binding of dioxygen in hemerythrin to activation of dioxygen for converting methane to methanol in MMO. In pursuit of this objective, we are investigating the proteins of the MMO system and exploring the fundamental chemistry of the hydroxylase diiron center. In the present article we review some of our recent progress in this area.
Text Verification in an Automated System for the Extraction of Bibliographic Data

An essential stage in any text extraction system is the manual verification of the printed material converted by OCR. This proves to be the most labor-intensive step in the process. In a system built and deployed at the National Library of Medicine to automatically extract bibliographic data from scanned biomedical journals, alternative means were considered to validate the text. This paper describes two approaches and gives preliminary performance data.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED EARTH WALL

Presented are the results of finite element analysis of a reinforced earth wall on California Highway 39. The finite element method was developed based on composite elasticity property of the steel reinforcing strip and soil. A comparison of the field soil stresses and horizontal movements with those predicted by the finite element analysis indicated reasonable agreement.
A novel analytical approach to predict rolling force in hot strip finish rolling based on cosine velocity field and equal area criterion

In hot strip rolling process, rolling schedule setup, geometrical accuracy (thickness and profile), and even the final product homogeneity of mechanical properties are affected by the automatic control, and the rolling force and torque are the prerequisite in the control process. A new cosine velocity field is firstly proposed in this paper to get the values of the required minimum rolling force and torque. The field and equal area (EA) yield criterion are used to integrate the internal plastic deformation power. Using the co-line vector inner product method, the friction power is analyzed. Finally, the analytical expressions of rolling force, rolling torque, and stress effective factor are obtained. The theoretical predictions of rolling forces are compared with on-line measured ones in a hot strip rolling plant and other researchers’ models. Results show that the calculated rolling forces are in fair agreement with the actual measured ones, and the proposed solution is considered to be applicable for solving hot strip finish rolling.
Molecular evolution of CYCLOIDEA in plant order Dipsacales (589.6)

CYCLOIDEA (CYC) is a TCP transcription factor that has been shown to be involved in specifying dorsal identity in the petals of bilateral flowers. In the plant order Dipsacales, DNA sequencing has ...
Delayed Dissolution and Small Molecule Release from Atomic Layer Deposition Coated Electrospun Nanofibers

Electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers are coated with aluminum oxide using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to control the dissolution rate of the nanofiber mats in high-humidity and aqueous environments. In this regard, ALD offers an effective method to provide a robust, conformal coating to the entire nanofiber surface without modifying the core material. The thickness of the coating, controlled by varying the number of ALD cycles from 2 to 200, enables tuning of the nanofiber stability in water from a few seconds for an uncoated sample to over 5 weeks for a 200 cycle coated sample. Changing the rate of nanofiber dissolution modulates the release of embedded small molecules within the polymer matrix from minutes to weeks while minimizing the “burst” effect typically associated with nanoscale systems. This simple nanofiber coating technique shows great potential as a method to tune shelf-life, mat degradation, and small molecule release from highly water-soluble polymers, hitherto unexplored, in a wide range of fields, including biomedical, agricultural, and packaging.
Standards to Prevent Complications of Urinary Catheterization in Children: Should and Should‐Knots

purpose.To share standards for urinary, catheterization developed at Children's Hospital, Washington, DC, to prevent complications from using feeding tubes, inserting intermittent catheters too far into the bladder, or not inserting Foley catheters far enough into the bladder. population.Infants and children requiring urinary catheterization. conclusions.Using appropriate length urinary catheters and/or inserting catheterizing devices appropriate lengths based on sex, age, and purpose will help prevent knotting of catheters in the bladder and urethral trauma. practice implications.Short urinary catheters should be used for intermittent urinary catheterization. If these are not available, standards for length of insertion of the catheterizing device should be followed. To prevent urethral trauma, Foley catheters should be inserted to the hub before inflation of the balloon.
A FAMILY INTERVENTION TO INCREASE THE USE OF SEATBELTS ON ROPS TRACTORS

Background Almost all tractor roll-over fatalities can be prevented by the use of safety equipment such as Roll-Over Protection (ROPS) and seatbelts. Unfortunately, many farmers still do not wear seatbelts on ROPS tractors. Aims This is part of a larger NIOSH-funded study utilising the Theory of Planned Behavior to evaluate a family-based farm safety intervention. This presentation focuses on wearing seatbelts on ROPS tractors. Methods This research utilised a longitudinal, randomised-control design including two intervention groups (primary farmers or safety experts as teachers) and a no-treatment control. Lessons were taught to the whole family. Almost all primary farmers were fathers. Data were collected from the whole family. Data reported in this presentation were from 115 families. Results ANCOVAs revealed that, after controlling pre-intervention levels, farmers in the primary farmer-led group were less likely to have unsafe behaviours and intentions related to operating ROPS tractor without a seatbelt than those in the safety expert or control group. Both intervention groups reported a positive change in attitudes and risk awareness as compared to the control group. Youth in primary farmer-led group reported a positive change in behaviour compared to control group. Groups did not differ in intentions and risk awareness. Significance When primary farmers are involved in teaching their families about farm safety, it has a positive impact on their own behaviours and intentions as they see themselves as models for their youth. Findings help us create effective interventions that impact behavioural change in fathers and youth related to farm safety. This is an abstract of a presentation at Safety 2012, the 11th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, 1-4 October 2012, Michael Fowler Center, Wellington, New Zealand. Full text does not seem to be available for this abstract.
Fetal bone strength and umbilical cord length

Activity has been demonstrated in promoting bone mass in infants and adults. One of the major signs of fetal activity may be the length of the umbilical cord. We hypothesized that the fetus with a shortened umbilical cord may have low bone mineralization because of decreased movement or activity. We investigated eight healthy term infants with shortened umbilical cords and 15 control term infants. Mothers with pre-eclampsia or hypertension, chorioamnionitis or prolonged ruptured of membranes were excluded from the study. Mother's age, parity, infants' gender, and birth and placenta weights were recorded. The umbilical cord length and diameter were measured as well as the newborn's tibial speed of sound (SOS). SOS measurements (Sunlight Omnisense 7000P instrument) were obtained at the tibial midshaft. Measurement reproducibility was 0.8±0.6% (mean±s.d.) for repeat SOS measures. There were no differences between the two groups in mother's age (24.6±5.8 vs 25.8±3.3 years), parity (2±1 vs 2±1), infant's gender (25% females vs 47% females), birth weights (3320±451 vs 3409±452 g), or placental weights (521±69 vs 588±105 g). Umbilical cord diameters were also similar, 1.1±0.3 vs 1.1±0.2 cm. However, there was a difference in the cord length between the two groups, 46±2 vs 57±4 cm (Mann–Whitney, P<0.001). The newborn infants with the shorter umbilical cord also had lower tibial SOS compared with controls, 3047±107 vs 3194±311 m/sec (Mann–Whitney, P<0.05). Tibial SOS was related to the infant's umbilical cord length (r=0.57, P<0.01) but not to infant's birth weight, gender, umbilical cord diameter, maternal age, or placenta weight. Infants with a short umbilical cord length have lower bone strength.
Results of clinical trials for locally advanced and metastatic nonsmall-cell lung cancer

Chemotherapy in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not just a reality but has resulted in important improvements in quality of life and survival for patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC. For patients with stage IV NSCLC, platinum-based 2-drug combinations are superior to single-agent therapy and have a superior therapeutic index than 3-drug combinations. Concurrent chemoradiation has become the standard of care for patients with locally advanced NSCLC. The addition of consolidation chemotherapy following definitive chemoradiation appears to improve median survival. The era of molecularly targeted therapies for NSCLC is here. Early results with some of the targeted agents studied for the treatment of NSCLC have generated a great deal of excitement. In this article, we review the results of recent clinical trials in locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC.
Is early venous thromboembolism prophylaxis safe in trauma patients with intracranial hemorrhage.

Background:Patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are at high risk for venous thromboembolic sequelae; however, prophylaxis is often delayed because of the perceived risk of intracranial hemorrhagic exacerbation. The goal of this study was to determine whether enoxaparin for early venous thro
Temperature variation of the elastic constants of aluminum alloy 2090-T81

Mesures par une technique d'ultrason du module de Young et du coefficient de Poisson entre 295 et 4K pour l'alliage Al-2,7 Cu-2,2 Li-0,12 Zr
Ovarian conservation versus bilateral oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease

Observational studies suggest that elective bilateral oophorectomy may do more harm than good. Removing the ovaries at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease should be approached with caution, especially for women younger than age 50. For women who choose oophorectomy, some evidence suggests that menopausal estrogen therapy may ameliorate some of the increased risk. An informed consent process covering the risks and benefits of both oophorectomy and ovarian conservation is important.
Vitrectomy in the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

According to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, at least 5% of eyes receiving optimal medical treatment will still have progressive retinopathy that requires laser treatment and pars plana vitrectomy. During the past decade, improvements in instrumentation and surgical techniques have allowed more difficult cases of diabetic retinopathy to be candidates for vitrectomy. However, although the thresholds for performing surgery within established indicated situations have been lowered, only a few additional indications have been established. Although vitrectomy improves the prognosis for a favorable visual outcome, preventive measures, such as improved control of glucose levels and timely application of panretinal photocoagulation, produce better results. The authors review the indications, techniques, and results of vitrectomy in the management of diabetic retinopathy.