cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Implications for informatics given expanding access to care for Veterans and other populations

Recent investigations into appointment scheduling within facilities operated by the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) illuminate systemic challenges in meeting its goal of providing timely access to care for all Veterans. In the wake of these investigations, new policies have been enacted to expand access to care at VA facilities as well as non-VA facilities if the VA is unable to provide access within a reasonable timeframe or a Veteran lives more than 40 miles from a VA medical facility. These policies are similar to broader health reform efforts that seek to expand access to care for other vulnerable populations. In this perspective, we discuss the informatics implications of expanded access within the VA and its wider applicability across the US health system. Health systems will require robust health information exchange, to maintain coordination while access to care is expanded. Existing informatics research can guide short-term implementation; furthermore, new research is needed to generate evidence about how best to achieve the long-term aim of expanded access to care.
Cell adhesion to collagenous matrices

Cell adhesion to extracellular matrices is fundamental for maintaining normal tissue architecture and function. Many diseases are characterized, in part, by molecular changes in cell adhesion. These changes can occur as a result of modifications of the composition or integrity of the extracellular matrix or as a result of disease associated changes in the expression and/or function of adhesion receptors. Such alterations in cell adhesion can have profound effects on the phenotypic traits of cells, and as a result, these changes in cell adhesion can be of primary importance in facilitating disease-associated breakdown of normal tissue function. This is most apparent in a disease such as cancer, where neoplastic transformation can lead to alterations in tumor cell growth, changes in the composition or integrity of tissue proteins, tumor cell migration, invasion, and ultimately metastasis formation. Understanding the molecular basis of cell adhesion could lead to new insights into the molecular basis of many diseases, leading to better therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role that collagens play in mediating cell adhesion, with an emphasis on the structural features of collagen important for cellular recognition and adhesion. Additionally, we briefly review the major receptors and intracellular signals that are important for cellular recognition of, and adhesion to, collagens.
Starch‐Degrading Enzymes, Old and New

Recent advances in starch enzymology, from the author's Laboratory and elsewhere, are reviewed.
Health, nutrition and prosperity: a microeconomic perspective

A positive correlation between health and economic prosperity has been widely documented, but the extent to which this reflects a causal effect of health on economic outcomes is very controversial. Two classes of evidence are examined. First, carefully designed random assignment studies in the laboratory and field provide compelling evidence that nutritional deficiency - particularly iron deficiency - reduces work capacity and, in some cases, work output. Confidence in these results is bolstered by a good understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms. Some random assignment studies indicate an improved yield from health services in the labour market. Second, observational studies suggest that general markers of nutritional status, such as height and body mass index (BMI), are significant predictors of economic success although their interpretation is confounded by the fact that they reflect influences from early childhood and family background. Energy intake and possibly the quality of the diet have also been found to be predictive of economic success in observational studies. However, the identification of causal pathways in these studies is difficult and involves statistical assumptions about unobserved heterogeneity that are difficult to test. Illustrations using survey data demonstrate the practical importance of this concern. Furthermore, failure to take into account the dynamic interplay between changes in health and economic status has led to limited progress being reported in the literature. A broadening of random assignment studies to measure the effects of an intervention on economic prosperity, investment in population-based longitudinal socioeconomic surveys, and application of emerging technologies for a better measure of health in these surveys will yield very high returns in improving our understanding of how health influences economic prosperity.
On the Linearity of Information Structure

The Information-structural (IS) notions of Focus, Ground and Givenness determine constituent order in a variety of languages, and there is an apparent preference for Given or Grounded elements to precede Focused elements, except perhaps in cases of contrastive Focus. Using the terminology of Kiss (1998, 2007), “information focus” tends to occur at the right edge of a clause. Distinct syntactic operations are responsible for this linear order effect, and thus a single elegant syntactic explanation for these cross-linguistic facts is elusive. This paper suggests that this phenomenon is a long-term product of pressure to choose syntactic variants that have a particular linear order effect. Such a pressure could arise from processing and planning effects, though other factors are likely involved as well. I argue for the plausibility of this account by defending three premises: 1) right-edge Focus can facilitate processing and planning in cases where the Focus of a sentence is new information, 2) right-edge Focus variants will become preferred in usage, 3) usage preferences can affect language change. But first, I review some data which illustrate the problem. First, it has been argued that scrambling often has the effect of placing Focus at the right edge. Focused elements themselves typically only scramble when they are contrastively interpreted. This is shown in Dutch in (1). Also, Yiddish object shift has been analyzed as a form of scrambling and shows the same Given-before-Focus effect, shown in (2).
2,6-Diarylethynylanthracenes: synthesis, morphology, and electro-optical properties

A series of 2,6-diarylethynyl-9,10-dialkoxyanthracenes have been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their morphological and electro-optical properties. Compounds with 2 0 -naphthyl and 2 0 -anthracyl peripheral substituents were found to have poor solubility, and were not explored in detail. However, compounds bearing 9 0-anthracyl peripheral substituents exhibited better solubility, and a series of these compounds containing straight-chain and branched substituents were prepared and analyzed. These compounds were found to undergo two oxidations at +0.57 V and +0.76 V relative to a Fc/Fc + reference. The compounds exhibited absorption with a konset of 510 nm. Based on this, the average solution-phase HOMO–LUMO energies of these compounds were estimated to be � 5.37 eV and � 2.94 eV, respectively. The compounds exhibited fluorescent behavior, with an emission maximum at 505 nm. Hexoxy and Isobutoxy substituents were optimal for large crystal formation, and crystallographic studies on these two compounds show a herringbone-type arrangement with 1-dimensional pi-stacking.
The effects of high rearing density on the potential for domestication selection in hatchery culture of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Hatchery-reared steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) often have lower fitness than natural-origin fish when spawning in the wild. Fitness loss in hatcheries is partly due to genetic adaptation to captiv...
Moment Ratio estimation of autoregressive/unit root parameters and autocorrelation-consistent standard errors

A Moment Ratio estimator is proposed for an AR( p ) model of the errors in an OLS regression, that provides standard errors with far less median bias and confidence intervals with far better coverage than conventional alternatives. A unit root, and therefore the absence of cointegration, does not necessarily mean that a correlation between the variables is spurious. The estimator is applied to a quadratic trend model of real GDP. The rate of change of GDP growth is negative with finite standard error but is insignificant. The "output gap," often used as a guide to monetary policy, has an infinite standard error and is therefore a statistical illusion. A new Moment Ratio estimator is proposed for an AR( p ) model of regression errors.The new estimator gives CIs with less size distortion than popular alternatives.Newey-West HAC standard errors can far overstate regressor precision.Lack of cointegration does not necessarily imply a regression is spurious.The new estimator is applied to a quadratic trend model of US GDP.
Socialism Betrayed? Economists, Neoliberalism, and History in the Undoing of Market Socialism

Through an historical analysis of the transnational practices of economists during the Cold War, Johanna Bockman rejects the narrative that the revolutions of 1989 represented the victory of ‘Western economics’, and especially neoliberalism, over ‘East-European socialism’. Rather, Bockman shows that the space of exchange, as well as policy experimentation in socialist states such as Yugoslavia and Hungary, led to the articulation of alternative, decentralised, ‘market socialisms’ from the 1950s up until the 1980s. Instead of operating within separate and incommensurable paradigms of ‘capitalist’ and ‘socialist’ economics, Bockman shows how neoclassical theory and its long tradition of comparing distinct economic systems became the central episteme allowing for the transnational exchange of ideas between economists of both the East and the West. This review-essay evaluates the book’s central claims but argues that the book stands on weaker ground when arguing that a reformed socialism was a viable option in Eastern Europe after 1989.
Reflection on Macintyre's after Virtue

Understanding Modernity and Postmodernity ethics is an interesting and debatable task among scholars to decipher for us to have a closer view of the distinct boundary between the two paradigms. Specifically, the ethical explanation between these two theories is a demanding task to accomplish through the lens of only one or two philosophers of politics and ethics like Aristotle, Plato, and Thomas Aquinas among others. Amazingly, MacIntyre has written the "After Virtue" to explain the diverging philosophies between postmodern and modern ethics in this present era of a postmodern world! This reflection highlights MacIntyre's (1981,1984) philosophical views and perspectives on modernity and postmodernity ethics or moral values; and explains the connections between these theories' moral ethics base on MacIntyre's work on the After Virtue. In doing so, this reflection focuses on Chapter 2 - The Nature of Moral Disagreement Today and the Claims of Emotivism, to analyze and generate commentary analysis on the "three examples of contemporary moral debate formed in terms of characteristics and well-known rival moral judgments" (MacIntyre, 1981, 1984, p. 6).
Abstract A28: Loss of inhibitory IRS-1 phosphorylation is an early event in mTOR-dependent endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma

Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008 A28 Activation of IGF-I receptor signaling contributes to the development of endometrioid-type endometrial carcinoma in humans and in rodent models. This signaling pathway is under both positive and negative regulation, including S6K phosphorylation of IRS-1 at S636/639, which occurs downstream of mTOR activation to inhibit this adapter protein. We observed activation of mTOR signaling with a high frequency in human endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, but an absence of IRS1 phosphorylation at S636/639, despite the high levels of activated S6K in these tumors. To explore when during disease progression mTOR activation and loss of inhibitory IRS-1 phosphorylation occurred, we utilized the Eker rat (Tsc2Ek/+) model for this disease, where endometrial hyperplasia develops as a result of loss of Tsc2, the “gatekeeper” for mTOR signaling. We observed mTOR activation early in progression in hyperplasias and in some histologically normal appearing epithelial cells, suggesting that event(s) in addition to loss of Tsc2 were required for progression to hyperplasia. In contrast, IRS-1 phosphorylation at S636/639 was observed in normal appearing epithelium, but was absent from all hyperplasias, indicating loss of IRS-1 inhibition by S6K occurred during progression to hyperplasia. Furthermore, treatment of Eker rats with an mTOR inhibitor resulted in a decreased incidence of endometrial hyperplasia [54/79 hyperplasias/uterine cross section in vehicle controls to 6/90 in treated rats (p 95% (p < 0.05). Since progression from normal epithelium to endometrial carcinoma proceeds via the intermediate step of endometrial hyperplasia, these data suggest a progression sequence where activation of mTOR is followed by loss of negative feedback to IRS-1 during the initial stages of development of this disease. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A28.
The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Group Psychotherapy

(2013). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Group Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 63, No. 1, pp. 127-135.
Military Couples and Posttraumatic Stress: Interpersonally Based Behaviors and Cognitions as Mechanisms of Individual and Couple Distress

Substantial research indicates that spouses and romantic partners of veterans who have been diagnosed with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience significant amounts of both psychological and relationship distress. Although research has made great strides in understanding the mechanisms of trauma-related distress in veterans, knowledge about the mechanisms of distress experienced by veterans’ spouses and romantic partners is more limited. Given the high numbers of troops returning from combat in Iraq and Afghanistan in the past decade with symptoms of PTSD and the important role spouses/partners play in supporting traumatized troops, more information about the mechanisms of distress in spouses/partners is needed to enhance treatments intended to aid both members of the couple. This chapter provides an updated overview of research studies concerning mechanisms of distress in spouses and partners of veterans traumatized by combat, specifically as they relate to a cognitive-behavioral interpersonal framework. In addition, we provide recommendations for future areas of research based on current findings and gaps in the literature.
Mixed-Ligand Approach to Changing the Metal Ratio in Bismuth-Transition Metal Heterometallic Precursors.

A new series of heteroleptic bismuth–transition metal β-diketonates [BiM(hfac)3(thd)2] (M = Mn (1), Co (2), and Ni (3); hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate, thd = tetramethylheptanedionate) with Bi:M = 1:1 ratio have been synthesized by stoichiometric reactions between homometallic reagents [BiIII(hfac)3] and [MII(thd)2]. On the basis of analysis of the metal–ligand interactions in heterometallic structures, the title compounds were formulated as ion-pair {[BiIII(thd)2]+[MII(hfac)3]−} complexes. The direct reaction between homometallic reagents proceeds with a full ligand exchange between main group and transition metal centers, yielding dinuclear heterometallic molecules. In heteroleptic molecules 1–3, the Lewis acidic, coordinatively unsaturated BiIII centers are chelated by two bulky, electron-donating thd ligands and maintain bridging interactions with three oxygen atoms of small, electron-withdrawing hfac groups that chelate the neighboring divalent transition metals. Application of the mixed-ligand app...
Spatial Extent of Human-Intrusion Effects on Subalpine Bird Distributions

Low levels of human intrusion have become ubiquitous, yet the distance at which they affect bird distributions remains unclear. By testing for changes in bird abundance, we assessed whether low levels of intrusion altered bird distributions within and beyond intruded sites. In Wyoming subalpine forests, we experimentally implemented intrusions within circular 1.0-ha (113-m diameter) sites for 1-2 hr (Snowy Mountains, 1989-1993) or for 5 hr (Pole Mountain, 1991-1993) each week during 10 consecutive weeks of the breeding season. The intrusions did not displace birds during most years, with the following exceptions. Mean abundances for Mountain Chickadee (Parus gambeli) in the Snowy Mountains (1992) and at Pole Mountain (1993), and mean abundances for American Robin (Turdus migratorius) and Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) in the Snowy Mountains (1989), were 46-57% lower within intruded sites than they were within control sites. Intrusion did not influence abundances outside of the 1.0-ha intruded sites. Minimum detectable effect sizes (R 2 s for the intrusion effect) were 18-32%; effects of this magnitude and larger were detectable with a probability of 0.80. We would therefore have readily detected moderate and large abundance changes had they occurred. The spatial extent of intrusion effects on distributions was thus limited to the actual sites of intrusion, and the effects occurred infrequently. Knowledge about the distance at which low levels of intrusion do and do not alter bird distributions is essential for protecting intrusion-sensitive species and avoiding unnecessary restrictions on landscape use by the public.
Axiomé: a tool for the Elicitation and management of SWRL rules

The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) provides the means of specifying rules within OWL ontologies. As the size and complexity of SWRL rule bases within ontologies increases, developers and end users need tools to help manage them. We have developed a tool, called Axiome, that can paraphrase rules into a simple form in English and categorize SWRL rules based on their syntactic structure. Our categorization approach supports rule templates that provide a mechanism to facilitate rule elicitation. Axiome also allows users to visualize the structure of individual rules as well as graphically browse relationships among the bodies and heads of rules in a rule base. We have implemented our tool as a Protege-OWL plug-in for which we will provide a demonstration of how users can rapidly explore content and patterns in SWRL rule bases.
Heterogeneity of androgen receptor content in advanced prostate cancer.

The principal mode of treatment of advanced (late stage) prostate cancer is androgen ablation. Although the response rate to hormonal ablation is high, relapse ultimately leading to death occurs in the majority of patients in remission from outgrowth of androgen-independent tumor cells. High-grade and high-stage cancers are more likely to progress to androgen independence. This study was undertaken to analyze the expression level of androgen receptor (AR) protein in prostatic carcinomas in relationship to grade and stage of disease. AR protein expression was assessed in 40 archival cases of prostate carcinoma by automated immunohistochemical techniques with standardized development times. Positive nuclei were quantitated by computer-assisted image analysis. Eighty-five percent of the prostatic carcinomas showed high levels of expression, defined as having AR present in more than 50% of the cells by light microscopy. Results of image analysis demonstrated that the variability of AR protein content per unit nuclear area increased with increasing grade (P < .03), regardless of cell size. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), present in 17 (42.5%) of the 40 cases, showed markedly reduced AR nuclear staining, compared with low-grade PIN or normal prostate. We show that AR content in prostate tumor cells becomes more variable with increasing Gleason score. In high-grade PIN, the in situ precursor of invasive prostate cancer, AR expression is either downregulated and/or restricted to the cytoplasm, but it is not heterogeneous. These data suggest that the heterogeneity in the expression of the receptor increases with progression of invasive prostate cancer and might in part account for a variable response to endocrine therapy.
Sets and Tuples

The goal of this chapter is to motivate students to understand sets and tuples (sequences with finitely many non-OM components) as objects to which certain operations can be applied. By working with a set as a collection of objects and realizing that a set can be a member of another set, the student begins to think of a set itself as an object. Along these same lines, we try to strengthen the notion of a proposition as an object by giving many examples in which a proposition is an element of a set. We also attempt to objectify sets and tuples by having the student define ISETL funcs that return a set or a tuple.
Exploring the surface sensitivity of TOF-secondary ion mass spectrometry by measuring the implantation and sampling depths of Bi(n) and C60 ions in organic films.

The surface sensitivity of Binq+ (n = 1, 3, 5, q = 1, 2) and C60q+ (q = 1, 2) primary ions in static time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) experiments were investigated for molecular trehalose and polymeric tetraglyme organic films. Parameters related to surface sensitivity (impact crater depth, implantation depth, and molecular escape depths) were measured. Under static TOF-SIMS conditions (primary ion doses of 1 × 1012 ions/cm2), the 25 keV Bi1+ primary ions were the most surface sensitive with a molecular escape depth of 1.8 nm for protein films with tetraglyme overlayers, but they had the deepest implantation depth (∼18 and 26 nm in trehalose and tetraglyme films, respectively). The 20 keV C60+2 primary ions were the second most surface sensitive with a slightly larger molecular escape depth of 2.3 nm. The most important factor that determined the surface sensitivity of the primary ion was its impact crater depth or the amount of surface erosion. The most surface sensitive primary ...
Uncovering New Magnetic Phenomena in Metal Clusters

Abstract The study of metal-containing clusters in isolated form offers the opportunity to observe the emergence of novel magnetic behavior atom-by-atom, in the size range that bridges atomic and bulk properties. In this contribution, the results of Stern–Gerlach molecular beam deflection studies of bare and adsorbate-covered transition metal clusters will be presented. Clusters of the normally ferromagnetic transition metals, Fe n , Co n , and Ni n deflect strongly toward high magnetic fields, consistent with superparamagnetic behavior as is displayed by larger ferromagnetic particles. Magnetic moments obtained by Curie Law analysis show that their mean magnetic moments per atom are larger than those of the corresponding bulk solids because of the combined effects of enhanced spin polarization and unquenched orbital contributions. Atomic and molecular adsorbates can significantly influence the magnetism of small ferromagnetic clusters. In the case of Ni n , a single oxygen atom or CO molecule can reduce the moment of the underlying cluster by several μ b . In the case of Fe n , chemisorbed hydrogen is found to strongly enhance the magnetic moments for certain cluster sizes. Clusters of normally nonmagnetic transition elements also can display unexpected magnetic behavior. Bare manganese clusters (Mn 5–99 ) exhibit spatial deflections or broadening of magnitudes far in excess of those expected on the basis of the susceptibility of bulk manganese, indicating that clusters in this size range are magnetically ordered. The magnitude of the magnetic moments, interpreted in light of recent density functional theory calculations, suggest that Mn clusters in this size range are molecular ferrimagnets. Magnetic deflection results for clusters composed of the Group IIIB metals, Sc n , Y n , and La n , indicate that the majority of clusters in the n = 5─20 range are magnetically ordered. Several Group IIIB clusters stand out as bona fide high-spin molecular magnets: Sc 13 (6.0 ± 0.2μ b ), Y 8 (5.2 ± 0.1μ b ), Y 13 (9.6 ± 0.1μ b ), and La 6 (4.8 ± 0.2μ b ).
A Post/Decolonial View of Race and Identity Through the Narratives of U.S. International Students from the Global South

Using postcolonial and decolonial theory as a framework, this study focuses on the lived experiences of international students of color entering the United States for the first time in their lives from the global South. Our goal was to understand how they communicate/perform their dis/located identities in relation to “race” when immersed for the first time in a White settler society context. Findings from this qualitative study underscore discomfort with U.S.-centric race logics, production of ambiguity in relation to identity and race, and the growth of compassion for cultural Others as a result of becoming racial Other. The decolonial implications of such dis-identification with U.S. colonial race categories are discussed.
Sleepy Keeper: a New Approach to Low-leakage Power VLSI Design

For the most recent CMOS feature sizes (e.g., 90nm and 65nm), leakage power dissipation has become an overriding concern for VLSI circuit designers. ITRS reports that leakage power dissipation may come to dominate total power consumption as presented in ITRS by Semiconductor Industry Association, 2005. We propose a novel approach, named "sleepy keeper," which reduces leakage current while saving exact logic state. Sleepy keeper uses traditional sleep transistors plus two additional transistors - driven by a gate's already calculated output - to save state during sleep mode. Dual Vth values can be applied to sleepy keeper in order to dramatically reduce subthreshold leakage current. In short, like the sleepy stack approach, sleepy keeper achieves leakage power reduction equivalent to the sleep and zigzag approaches but with the advantage of maintaining exact logic state (instead of destroying the logic state when sleep mode is entered). Based on experiments with a 4-bit adder circuit, sleepy keeper approach achieves up to 49% less delay and 49% less area than the sleepy stack approach. Unfortunately, sleepy keeper causes additional dynamic power consumption, approximately 15% more than the base case (no sleep transistors used at all). However, for applications spending the vast majority of time in sleep or standby mode while also requiring low area, high performance and maintenance of exact logic state, the sleepy keeper approach provides a new weapon in a VLSI designer's arsenal
Metastatic prostate cancer imaging with PSMA-directed 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT

2619 Objectives To introduce 18F-DCFPyL, a promising new molecular imaging agent, which is directed at Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA). In addition, methods and procedures for the imaging protocols will be highlighted. Initial studies utilizing 18F-DCFPyl imaging of prostate cancer patients have demonstrated a unique ability to reveal metastatic prostate lesions that are traditionally very difficult for all imaging modalities(1). Methods A review of the clinical need for metastatic prostate imaging and a comparison of 18F-DCFPyl imaging protocols and results from published literature has been conducted. Results Multicenter reports of high clinical utility of PSMA imaging with 18F-DCFPyL are demonstrated. The differing imaging protocols show possible strengths and weaknesses for cancer imaging with this agent. Prostate cancer patients with PSA levels below 2 ng/mL may remain difficult cases to reliably image even with 18F-DCFPyL. Conclusions New molecular imaging agent, 18F-DCFPyL, may be an advance in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and may change the standard of care. More studies of prostate cancer patients with this tracer are warranted.
Books in the Ets Haim Yeshivah: Acquisition, Publishing, and a Community of Scholarship in Eighteenth-Century Amsterdam

This essay concerns the place of books in shaping three decades (1728–60) during which Amsterdam’s Portuguese community deepened and expanded its rabbinic study. It discusses two sets of sources primarily. The first consists of annual book acquisition lists discovered in the records of the community’s Ets Haim yeshivah. These lists provide insight into contemporary reading habits and interests, the Ets Haim’s education system and literary emphasis, and the economics of book production and commerce. The second set of sources comes from the hundreds of Hebrew books printed in Amsterdam during these decades. Members of the Ets Haim composed and published their own books, edited the work of their peers, and facilitated the publication of texts authored or brought to the city by rabbinic scholars from abroad. Paratextual material elucidates relations between authors, publishers, editors, printers, and rabbinic leadership. This research shows that the Ets Haim expended huge sums of money on book acquisition, thereby placing unprecedented resources at the disposal of its religious intellectual elite. In turn, the yeshivah’s students enjoyed significant freedom to work and produce as they saw fit. As a direct outgrowth of this freedom, the production and dissemination of books facilitated interaction and collaboration between Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews still in many ways demarcated along communal lines.
Abstract 279: Mortality Rate in Patients on Hemodialysis with and without Infected Implantable Cardiac Devices Undergoing Extraction

Background: Due to a high frequency of concomitant cardiac disease, many patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (HD) have indications for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED...
Benzoboroxoles: Synthesis and applications in medicinal chemistry

Abstract Benzoboroxoles are cyclic boronic acids and they have gained significant attention amongst the organic and medicinal chemistry community in recent years with the approval of benzoboroxole based drugs such as tavaborole for onychomycosis and crisaborole for atopic dermatitis. There have been numerous other benzoboroxole-based compounds identified that exhibit excellent biological activity against wide variety of diseases. Much of the recent literature describes the preparation of functionalized benzoboroxoles and their applications in organic synthesis, materials, and medicinal chemistry. This review outlines the various methods reported for the synthesis of this class of compounds along with few recent applications of benzoboroxoles in medicinal chemistry.
Performance Analysis and Enhancement of Negative Capacitance Logic Devices Based on Internally Resistive Ferroelectrics

In this letter, we present a comprehensive performance analysis of ferroelectric (FE)-based logic gates and repeaters. In addition, we highlight the key aspects of negative capacitance FET (NCFET) characteristics, including the proper circuit initialization, the negative capacitance (NC) effect on leakage currents, and the impacts of the FE viscosity coefficient. The threshold voltage adjustment is proposed to optimize the NCFET-based devices according to the activity factor. Furthermore, we study the interconnect repeater insertions and optimize the numbers and sizes of repeaters to minimize the overall energy-delay product. The NCFET is implemented in SPICE, with FE dynamics described by the Landau-Khalatnikov equation. Our analyses with the SPICE circuit model can provide useful insights into future studies of low-power devices.
Slow treatment promotes control of harmful species by multiple agents

Author(s): Lampert, A; Hastings, A; Sanchirico, JN | Abstract: The management of harmful species, including invasive species, pests, parasites, and diseases, is a major, global challenge. Harmful species cause severe damage to ecosystems, biodiversity, agriculture, and human health. The control of harmful species is challenging and often requires cooperation among multiple agents, such as land-owners, agencies, and countries. Agents may have incentives to contribute less, leaving more work for other agents, which can result in inefficient treatment. Here we present a dynamic game theory model and we show that slow treatment may promote a stable solution (Markovian Nash equilibrium) where all agents cooperate to remove the harmful species. The efficiency of this solution depends critically on the life history of the harmful species that determines the speed of optimal treatment. Furthermore, this cooperative equilibrium may coexist with other Nash equilibria, including one dictating no treatment of the harmful species, which implies that coordination among agents is critical for successful control.
Accuracy of a Factory-Calibrated, Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System During 10 Days of Use in Youth and Adults with Diabetes.

Abstract Background: Frequent use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems is associated with improved glycemic outcomes in persons with diabetes, but the need for calibrations and sensor insertions are often barriers to adoption. In this study, we evaluated the performance of G6, a sixth-generation, factory-calibrated CGM system specified for 10-day wear. Methods: The study enrolled participants of ages 6 years and up with type 1 diabetes or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes at 11 sites in the United States. Participation involved one sensor wear period of up to 10 days. Adults wore the system on the abdomen; youth of ages 6–17 years could choose to wear it on the abdomen or upper buttocks. Clinic sessions for frequent comparison with reference blood glucose measurements took place on days 1, 4–5, 7, and/or 10. Participants of ages 13 years and up underwent purposeful supervised glucose manipulation during in-clinic sessions. During the study, participants calibrated the systems once daily. However, ...
Introduction to Serre’s Conjecture: 1955–1976

On p. 243 of his famous article „Faisceaux algebriques coherents“ (FAC, ca. 1955), Serre wrote: “On ignore s’il existe des A-modules projectifs de type fini qui ne soient pas libres” (A = k[t 1, ..., t n ], k a field). Shortly thereafter, the freeness of finitely generated projective modules over k[t 1, ..., t n ] became known to the mathematical world as “Serre’s Conjecture”. Serre had in no uncertain terms objected to the fact that what he raised as an open problem was turned into his “conjecture” by world acclaim.(*) However, the fine distinction between “Serre’s Problem” and “Serre’s Conjecture” may now be safely left to the deliberations of the mathematical historian. Culminating almost twenty years of effort by algebraists, D. Quillen and A. Suslin proved independently, in January of 1976, that finitely generated projective modules over k[t 1,..., t n ] are, indeed, free.
Public Perception of Hurricane-Related Hazards

A survey was conducted in the South Carolina coastal counties of Berkeley, Charleston and Dorchester with the purpose of assessing current NWS hurricane warning packages and recommending alternatives. Most of the 200 residents that were surveyed stated that they had personal experience with hurricanes. Surprisingly, over half of these residents did not know the definition of a hurricane warning, over half did not realize that the main threat from hurricanes in low-lying coastal areas was from storm surge, half did not realize that more rain was the most significant consequence of a slower moving storm, and the majority were not able to translate a standard National Hurricane Center projection of storm surge depth into a realistic appreciation of the risk posed to their lives, despite their prior experience with hurricanes. These misunderstandings were most prevalent among the poor, among minority groups and among those with no college education. When asked to interpret both a graphic-filled hurricane advisory and the standard NWS text-based advisory, the understanding of the risk from hurricanes was far higher when the graphic-filled advisory was used.
Towards semantic role labeling & IE in the medical literature.

INTRODUCTION In this work, we introduce the concept of semantic role labeling to the medical domain. We report first results of porting and adapting an existing resource, Propbank, to the medical field. Propbank is an adjunct to Penn Treebank that provides semantic annotation of predicates and the roles played by their arguments. The main aim of this work is the applicability of the Propbank frame files to predicates typically encountered in the medical literature. METHODS We analyzed a target corpus of 610,100 abstracts, which was selected by searching for publication type "case reports". From this target corpus, we randomly selected 10,000 sample abstracts to estimate the predicate distribution, and matched the predicates from this sample to the predicates in Propbank. RESULTS Of the 1998 unique verbs in our sample, 76% were represented in Propbank. This included the 40 most frequent verbs, which represented 49% of all predicate instances in our sample and which matched the Propbank usage in a study of representative sentences. We propose extensions to Propbank that handle medical predicates, which are not adequately covered by Propbank. CONCLUSION We believe that semantic role labeling using Propbank is a valid approach to capture predicate relations in the medical literature.
Advancing the Common Good

What causes individuals to become committed to helping others, to look beyond their own welfare and engage in activities that advance the common good? How can higher education cultivate this commit...
What Affects the Completion of Ecological Momentary Assessments in Chronic Pain Research? An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves repeated sampling of people’s current experiences in real time in their natural environments, which offers a granular perspective on patients’ experience of pain and other symptoms. However, EMA can be burdensome to patients, and its benefits depend upon patients’ engagement in the assessments. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate factors affecting EMA-completion rates among patients with chronic pain. Methods: This individual patient data meta-analysis was based on 12 EMA datasets that examined patients with chronic noncancer-related pain (n=701). The EMA-completion rates were calculated on a daily basis for each patient. Multilevel models were used to test the following predictors of completion rates at different levels: within-patient factors (days into the study and daily pain level), between-patient factors (age, sex, pain diagnosis, and average pain level per person), and between-study EMA design factors (study duration, sampling density, and survey length). Results: Across datasets, an EMA-completion rate of 85% was observed. The strongest results were found for the between-patient factor age: Younger respondents reported lower completion rates than older respondents (P=.002). One within-patient factor, study day, was associated with completion rates (P<.001): over the course of the studies, the completion rates declined. The two abovementioned factors interacted with each other (P=.02) in that younger participants showed a more rapid decline in EMA completion over time. In addition, none of the other hypothesized factors including gender, chronic pain diagnoses, pain intensity levels, or measures of study burden showed any significant effects. Conclusion: Many factors thought to influence the EMA-completion rates in chronic pain studies were not confirmed. However, future EMA research in chronic pain should note that study length and young age can impact the quality of the momentary data and devise strategies to maximize completion rates across different age groups and study days.
"Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful"-a cross-disciplinary agenda for building useful models in cell biology and biophysics.

Intuition alone often fails to decipher the mechanisms underlying the experimental data in Cell Biology and Biophysics, and mathematical modeling has become a critical tool in these fields. However, mathematical modeling is not as widespread as it could be, because experimentalists and modelers often have difficulties communicating with each other, and are not always on the same page about what a model can or should achieve. Here, we present a framework to develop models that increase the understanding of the mechanisms underlying one’s favorite biological system. Development of the most insightful models starts with identifying a good biological question in light of what is known and unknown in the field, and determining the proper level of details that are sufficient to address this question. The model should aim not only to explain already available data, but also to make predictions that can be experimentally tested. We hope that both experimentalists and modelers who are driven by mechanistic questions will find these guidelines useful to develop models with maximum impact in their field.
Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence studies of I3- using an electrospray ionization source and a linear accelerator.

Photoelectron-photofragment coincidence (PPC) spectroscopy is used to examine the dissociative photodetachment (DPD) of I3−. The high beam energy PPC spectrometer for complex anions couples an electrospray ionization source, a hexapole accumulation ion trap and a linear accelerator to produce fast beams of I3− (M = 381 amu) anions, the heaviest system studied to date. Following photodetachment, the photoelectron and up to three photofragments are recorded in coincidence yielding a kinematically complete picture of the DPD dynamics at beam energies of 11 keV and 21 keV. Photodetachment leads to the production of stable I3, two-body DPD, as well as evidence for two- and three-body photodissociation. DPD is found to occur predominantly via the first excited A state, with some contributions from highly excited vibrational levels in the neutral ground state. With the ions thermalized to 298 K in the hexapole trap, there are significant contributions from vibrational hot bands. Three-body photodissociation at 4.66 eV is found to occur preferentially via a charge-symmetric process to form I + I− + I. In the future this method will be applied to other polyatomic systems with a large molecular mass, including multiply charged anions and complex clusters, in concert with a cryogenically cooled hexapole trap to reduce thermal effects.
Titanium alloy components manufacture from blended elemental powder and the qualification process

Abstract The elemental blend sinter (EBS) powder metallurgical (PM) method involves the blending of elemental powders along with master alloy or other desired additions, cold pressing the blended powders into shape, and sintering the shape to higher density and uniform chemistry. The sintered shape may subsequently be hot isostatically pressed to full density. In addition the EBS process presents the opportunity to create advanced alloys and metal matrix composites not possible with current ingot (melt) technology.
Some thoughts on comparing multivariate data with the map locations at which they are observed

Much statistical data is multivariate and its observations are made at different geographical locations. Analysis of such data needs to examine if and how the data’s variability depends on geography. Two approaches are examined in this paper, (1) to regress each variable onto longitudes and latitudes, (2) to compare (by regression and/or rotation) the first two principal components with longitudes and latitudes. Both approaches are complemented by examination of residuals with or without local smoothing. The paper compares the two approaches on the basis of Illinois rainfall data.
Association of BCG Vaccination in Childhood With Subsequent Cancer Diagnoses: A 60-Year Follow-up of a Clinical Trial.

Importance The BCG vaccine is currently the only approved tuberculosis vaccine and is widely administered worldwide, usually during infancy. Previous studies found increased rates of lymphoma and leukemia in BCG-vaccinated populations. Objective To determine whether BCG vaccination was associated with cancer rates in a secondary analysis of a BCG vaccine trial. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective review (60-year follow-up) of a clinical trial in which participants were assigned to the vaccine group by systematic stratification by school district, age, and sex, then randomized by alternation. The original study was conducted at 9 sites in 5 US states between December 1935 and December 1998. Participants were 2963 American Indian and Alaska Native schoolchildren younger than 20 years with no evidence of previous tuberculosis infection. Statistical analysis was conducted between August 2018 and July 2019. Interventions Single intradermal injection of either BCG vaccine or saline placebo. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was diagnosis of cancer after BCG vaccination. Data on participant interval health and risk factors, including smoking, tuberculosis infection, isoniazid use, and other basic demographic information, were also collected. Results A total of 2963 participants, including 1540 in the BCG vaccine group and 1423 in the placebo group, remained after exclusions. Vaccination occurred at a median (interquartile range) age of 8 (5-11) years; 805 participants (52%) in the BCG group and 710 (50%) in the placebo group were female. At the time of follow-up, 97 participants (7%) in the placebo group and 106 participants (7%) in the BCG vaccine group could not be located; total mortality was 633 participants (44%) in the placebo group and 632 participants (41%) in the BCG group. The overall rate of cancer diagnosis was not significantly different in BCG vaccine vs placebo recipients (hazard ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66-1.02), including for lymphoma and leukemia. The rate of lung cancer was significantly lower in BCG vs placebo recipients (18.2 vs 45.4 cases per 100 000 person-years; hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.74;P = .005), controlling for sex, region, alcohol overuse, smoking, and tuberculosis. Conclusions and Relevance Childhood BCG vaccination was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer development in American Indian and Alaska Native populations. This finding has potentially important health implications given the high mortality rate associated with lung cancer and the availability of low-cost BCG vaccines.
Leaf gas exchange and stable carbon isotope composition of redbay and avocado trees in response to laurel wilt or drought stress

Abstract Symptoms of laurel wilt, a vascular plant disease caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola, are similar to those of drought stress. We compared physiological responses of redbay and avocado trees infected with laurel wilt to responses of trees with drought stress. Trees were either inoculated with R. lauricola, subjected to drought stress, or irrigated daily and not inoculated (non-stressed, control). Disease symptoms, net CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance of water vapor (gs), substomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), leaf chlorophyll index (LCI), the ratio variable to maximum leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), leaf nitrogen (N) concentration, and the ratio of 13C to 12C (δ13C) in leaves were determined prior to inoculation and the imposition of drought stress and when plants showed moderate to severe stress symptoms. Laurel wilt-infected and drought-stressed trees of each species had lower A and gs and higher Ci, Fv/Fm, and LCI than non-stressed trees. Redbay trees with laurel wilt had significantly higher (less negative) leaf δ13C values than non-stressed trees, whereas no significant differences were found in leaf δ13C values among avocado treatments. In avocado trees with laurel wilt, there was a negative linear correlation between δ13C values and Ci but no significant correlation between δ13C values and leaf N in the inoculated trees. Inhibition of photosynthesis in avocado and redbay infected with laurel wilt was determined to be a result of the both stomatal and biochemical factors.