cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Integrated Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment and Problem-Solving Therapy on Body Mass Index and Depressive Symptoms Among Patients With Obesity and Depression: The RAINBOW Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Coexisting obesity and depression exacerbate morbidity and disability, but effective treatments remain elusive. Objective To test the hypothesis that an integrated collaborative care intervention would significantly improve both obesity and depression at 12 months compared with usual care. Design, Setting, and Participants The Research Aimed at Improving Both Mood and Weight (RAINBOW) randomized clinical trial enrolled 409 adults with body mass indices (BMIs) of 30 or greater (≥27 for Asian adults) and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores of 10 or greater. Primary care patients at a health system in Northern California were recruited from September 30, 2014, to January 12, 2017; the date of final 12-month follow-up was January 17, 2018. Interventions All participants randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 204) or the usual care control group (n = 205) received medical care from their personal physicians as usual, received information on routine services for obesity and depression at their clinic, and received wireless physical activity trackers. Intervention participants also received a 12-month intervention that integrated a Diabetes Prevention Program–based behavioral weight loss treatment with problem-solving therapy for depression and, if indicated, antidepressant medications. Main Outcomes and Measures The co–primary outcome measures were BMI and 20-item Depression Symptom Checklist (SCL-20) scores (range, 0 [best] to 4 [worst]) at 12 months. Results Among 409 participants randomized (mean age of 51.0 years [SD, 12.1 years]; 70% were women; mean BMI of 36.7 [SD, 6.4]; mean PHQ-9 score of 13.8 [SD, 3.1]; and mean SCL-20 score of 1.5 [SD, 0.5]), 344 (84.1%) completed 12-month follow-up. At 12 months, mean BMI declined from 36.7 (SD, 6.9) to 35.9 (SD, 7.1) among intervention participants compared with a change in mean BMI from 36.6 (SD, 5.8) to 36.6 (SD, 6.0) among usual care participants (between-group mean difference, −0.7 [95% CI, −1.1 to −0.2];P = .01). Mean SCL-20 score declined from 1.5 (SD, 0.5) to 1.1 (SD, 1.0) at 12 months among intervention participants compared with a change in mean SCL-20 score from 1.5 (SD, 0.6) to 1.4 (SD, 1.3) among usual care participants (between-group mean difference, −0.2 [95% CI, −0.4 to 0];P = .01). There were 47 adverse events or serious adverse events that involved musculoskeletal injuries (27 in the intervention group and 20 in the usual care group). Conclusions and Relevance Among adults with obesity and depression, a collaborative care intervention integrating behavioral weight loss treatment, problem-solving therapy, and as-needed antidepressant medications significantly improved weight loss and depressive symptoms at 12 months compared with usual care; however, the effect sizes were modest and of uncertain clinical importance. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02246413
Musical Relationships: Intersections of Race, Gender, Genre, and Listening Situation:

The ways that music creates bridges and boundaries between people has long been of interest in the sociology of music, and a core problem is understanding patterns in relationships between consumer...
Validation of the RAISE (Readiness Assessment of Independence for Specialty Encounters) Tool: Provider-Based Transition Evaluation.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to establish content validity of a developmentally based assessment tool of readiness for medical independence for specialty providers. Design and methods The validation process used expert panel evaluation to assess the items believed to measure the desired content in the nine age-based scales within the RAISE (Readiness Assessment of Independence for Specialty Encounters) tool. Experts in child development and transition rated items on relevance, clarity and developmental appropriateness via electronic survey. Statistical analyses included calculation of interrater agreement (IRA), content validity indices (CVIs), and factorial validity indices (FVI). Results A total of 135 items were rated by 36 experts. Mean I-CVIs for 123 items across nine developmental scales met criteria for retention, ranging from 0.76 (threshold) to 1.00 (excellent). Mean I-CVIs for all 25 items across the five psychosocial stressor scales met criteria for retention, ranging from 0.92 to 1.00 (excellent). Conclusions Findings from the current content validation study suggest that items on the revised RAISE tool are relevant, clear, and developmentally-appropriate as rated by experts in the fields of child development and transition. The tool, consisting of age based scales (ages birth-2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–11, 12–13, 14–15, 16–17, 18–21), is shown to have content validity of the retained items meeting criteria. Practice implications With content validity of the RAISE tool established by experts, this developmentally based assessment tool can be integrated into practice to assist providers in educating patients around skills of medical independence which could improve transition outcomes.
Preoperative Intra-articular Steroid Injections as Predictors of Hip Arthroscopy: 2-Year Outcomes

Background:In patients with femoroacetabular impingement, preoperative diagnostic injections are commonly used to establish a diagnosis of intra-articular pathology. In some cases, intra-articular ...
Conformational analysis—133: 3,3-dimethyl-2,4-pentanedione. The importance of induction and solvation1Tetrahedron 34, 3385 (1978).

Abstract The conformations of the title compound have been analyzed in detail with respect to steric interaction energies, charge interaction energies, and solvation energies in heptane and benzene. Using previously developed methods, which include induction by dipoles in polarizable bonds, and the solvation of molecular dipoles and quadrupoles, predictions regarding the conformational equilibrium are made. These were tested by experimental determination of the dipole moment of the molecule in heptane and benzene, and are in agreement with the predictions. More simplified calculations lead to qualitatively erroneous results.
Using the structure of HTML documents to improve retrieval

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a gigantic information resource, which is growing daily. As more and more data are added to the WWW, it is becoming increasingly difficult to effectively locate useful information from this environment. In this paper, we propose a method for making use of the structures and hyperlinks of HTML documents to improve the effectiveness of retrieving HTML documents. Our study assigns the occurrences of terms in a document collection into six classes according to the tags in which a particular term appears (such as Title, H1-H6, and Anchor). Based on the assignment, we extend the weighting schemes in traditional information retrieval by incorporating different importance factors to terms in different classes. The rationale is that terms appearing in different places of a document may have different significance in identifying the document. For this research we have built a Web based search tool, Webor, created a testbed, and conducted extensive experiments to determine an optimal class importance factor combination. Our study indicates that substantial improvement of retrieval effectiveness can be achieved using this technique.
UMA COMPREENSÃO DO PRETÉRITO IMPERFEITO DO SUBJUNTIVO PELO VIÉS DA TEMPORALIDADE E DA MODALIDADE

Este trabalho objetiva apresentar uma releitura da discussao de Prestes (2007) sobre a temporalidade (Teoria do Tempo Relativo) e a modalidade (Neves e Souza, 1999) do Preterito Imperfeito do Subjuntivo (PIS). Em estudo empirico de um corpus de lingua escrita, Prestes (2003) encontrou um padrao no emprego do PIS, qual seja: PIS factuais tendem a ocorrer com eventos passados (A novidade fez com que ganhasse corpo a ideia...), contrafactuais, com eventos presentes (Nao estivessemos numa crise...) e eventuais ou hipoteticos, com eventos futuros (Talvez os indios achassem ate graca se...). Esse resultado permite algumas conclusoes: a) o PIS nao expressa somente hipotese, irrealidade, mas tambem eventos considerados reais;b) as relacoes entre os constituintes temporais e modais organizam o PIS.
Ecological processes dominate the 13C land disequilibrium in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest

Fossil fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO2 by ≈ 115 µmol mol−1 since 1750 and decreased its carbon isotope composition (δ13C) by 1.7–2‰ (the 13C Suess effect). Because carbon is stored in the terrestrial biosphere for decades and longer, the δ13C of CO2 released by terrestrial ecosystems is expected to differ from the δ13C of CO2 assimilated by land plants during photosynthesis. This isotopic difference between land-atmosphere respiration (δR) and photosynthetic assimilation (δA) fluxes gives rise to the 13C land disequilibrium (D). Contemporary understanding suggests that over annual and longer time scales, D is determined primarily by the Suess effect, and thus, D is generally positive (δR > δA). A 7 year record of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange was used to evaluate the seasonality of δA and δR, and the 13C land disequilibrium, in a subalpine conifer forest. A novel isotopic mixing model was employed to determine the δ13C of net land-atmosphere exchange during day and night and combined with tower-based flux observations to assess δA and δR. The disequilibrium varied seasonally and when flux-weighted was opposite in sign than expected from the Suess effect (D = −0.75 ± 0.21‰ or −0.88 ± 0.10‰ depending on method). Seasonality in D appeared to be driven by photosynthetic discrimination (Δcanopy) responding to environmental factors. Possible explanations for negative D include (1) changes in Δcanopy over decades as CO2 and temperature have risen, and/or (2) post-photosynthetic fractionation processes leading to sequestration of isotopically enriched carbon in long-lived pools like wood and soil.
Comparison of channel assignment techniques for hybrid switching

The performance of four circuit-switched channel assignment strategies for use in a hybrid switch accommodating multiple users is analyzed and compared. Each scheme is associated with a fixed frame movable boundary TDM channel that multiplexes circuit-switched (CS) and packet-switched (PS) traffic. The performance measures used are blocking probability for the circuit-switched traffic and time delay for the packet-switched traffic.
Coresistance to Neomycin and Kanamycin by Mutations in an Escherichia coli Locus that Affects Ribosomes

Mutant strains resistant to neomycin or to kanamycin sulfate were isolated from Escherichia coli K-12. Nine mutants were analyzed; all were resistant to both antibiotics (about 150 and 100 mug/ml, respectively), and were designated nek. In the mutant strains, the ribosomes are changed from those of the parental strain; for when they were used in assays for polypeptide formation directed by polyadenylic acid or polycytidylic acid, coding fidelity in presence of the drugs was increased and inhibition of synthesis by the drugs was lessened. Mating experiments and transduction tests showed that all of the nine nek mutants are either closely linked or allelic, and the nek locus is closely linked to two genes-str (streptomycin) and spc (spectinomycin)-known to affect the 30S ribosome. The two nek mutants tested were recessive to the sensitive, wild-type allele. When the nek mutants were compared to the parental strain, pleiotropic effects of the nek mutations were observed. Resistance to low levels of streptomycin and spectinomycin was increased, whereas resistance to chloramphenicol was decreased. Also, the mutants were less able to adapt to high concentrations of lincomycin, and could no longer show phenotypic suppression of an arginine requirement by neomycin or kanamycin. Such pleiotropic effects are suggested to be the rule for mutations in genes that participate in the biosynthesis of a cellular organelle.
Artificial-neural-networks-based surface roughness Pokayoke system for end-milling operations

Surface roughness is an important indicator of the quality of machined parts. Commonly, the off-line, manual technique of direct measurement is utilized to assess surface roughness and part quality, which is found to be very time-consuming and costly. For that reason, the neural network-based surface roughness Pokayoke (NN-SRPo) system is developed to keep the surface roughness within a desired value in an in-process manner. Both the surface roughness prediction and machining parameters control are performed online during the machining process. A testing experiment demonstrated the efficacy of this NN-SRPo system.
Dopamine release during cocaine self-administration in rats: effect of SCH23390

This experiment tested the hypotheses that: (1) self-administration of cocaine would produce an increase in dopamine (DA) oxidation current in the nucleus accumbens (n. acc.); and (2) a faster rate of cocaine intake in the presence of a D1 receptor antagonist would produce a greater increase in DA levels. Rats trained to self-administer cocaine under a fixed-ratio 2 schedule were implanted with stearate-modified graphite paste electrodes bilaterally in the n. acc. The effect of pretreatment with the D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, on the DA oxidation current associated with self-administration of cocaine (1 mg/inj.) or saline was investigated using chronoamperometry. Pretreatment with SCH23390 produced a 2-fold increase in the amount of cocaine intake. This in turn resulted in a 2-fold increase in the DA oxidation current recorded in the n. acc. Pretreatment with SCH23390 did not, however, produce any significant change in either the number of saline injections received or the DA oxidation current recorded during saline self-administration. These findings show that cocaine increases DA oxidation currents in the n. acc., and that both the rate of cocaine self-administration and the magnitude of these currents increase even further following SCH23390. The results also imply that the baseline rate of cocaine self-administration does not result in the occupation of all possible DA transporter sites.
On computational efficiency of linear filtering algorithms

Although considerable attention has been given to various aspects of the filtering problem, the question of computer requirements has not been analyzed in detail. This paper presents an attempt at a systematic analysis of this problem. Formulae for the arithmetic operation count and storage requirements are derived for several popular filtering algorithms within the framework of a general estimation problem. Parameters included in the study are the dimensions of the state vector, the frequency and number of observations, and the frequency of state updates. The results for each algorithm are discussed from a practical viewpoint and comparisons are made for certain interesting cases. Several common misconceptions are exposed.
Stress responses of rats with septal lesions.

Abstract Rats which had received septal lesions or underwent control surgery were exposed to stress in four experiments. We examined plasma corticosterone (Experiment 1), gastric ulceration (Experiment 2), motor activity (Experiment 3) and whole brain norepinephrine (Experiment 4) following 3 hours of prone-restraint-stress conditions at 21°C or 5°C. Rats with septal lesions had higher steroids, less severe ulceration, greater motor activity and higher brain norepinephrine than controls following stress. Changes in hyperemotionality and differences in coping strategies are discussed.
DAZE: a real-time situation awareness measurement tool for driving

A driver's situation awareness (SA) while on the road is a critical factor in his or her ability to make decisions to avoid hazards, plan routes and maintain safe travel. Understanding SA can therefore be a great help when designing or evaluating new interfaces intended to support these decisions. However, existing tools for measuring SA in simulated environments require halting the simulation currently in-progress to question participants or administering post-drive questionnaires. Through our experience developing interfaces for autonomous vehicles in both simulated and on-road environments, we have found a need for real-time SA measurement designed specifically for both simulation and on-road driving scenarios. We are developing a tool, inspired by the Waze [tm] driving app, to measure SA through real time on-road event questions. The system has been tested in lab and will be further evaluated against current SA measurement tools.
Spanning the Great Divide between Tenure-Track and Non-Tenure-Track Faculty.

In academia, there are two different worlds, one inhabited by tenure-track and the other by non-tenure-track faculty. In the first, we encourage faculty to become involved in a series of important ...
STATISTICAL MODEL FOR VEHICLE BODY-IN-PRIME STATIC STIFFNESS TARGET SETTING

The vehicle body-in-prime static stiffness can significantly affect vehicle NVH, ride and handling, and durability performance. Stiffness target setting is a crucial step in a vehicle design and development process. Traditionally, benchmarking data and CAE models are used to help identify and set the target, yet they have proven to be time consuming and very subjective. On the other hand, statistical models obtained through data mining or meta-modeling have been tested and applied to various problems, including design optimization. In the present paper, we attempt to utilize this technology for providing more objective vehicle static stiffness targets. Stiffness data characteristics of various vehicle classes are benchmarked. Different statistical modeling techniques are examined using the data to set stiffness targets. The validity and limitations of these techniques are also discussed.
In what sense is phenomenology transcendental

Dan Zahavi raises doubts about the prospects for combining phenomenological and analytical approaches to the mind, based chiefly on the claim that phenomenology is a form of transcendental philosophy. I argue that there are two ways in which one might understand the claim that phenomenology is transcendental: (1) as the claim that the methods of phenomenology essentially involve addressing transcendental questions or making transcendental arguments, or (2) as the claim that phenomenology is committed to substantive theses of antirealism and the like, which are sometimes thought to follow from a transcendental approach. I argue that while (1) is appropriate, it in no way leads to conflicts with analytic work in philosophy of mind. Moreover, adopting this method and practicing phenomenology in no way commits us to claims of type (2) that might be thought to conflict with common assumptions in analytic philosophy of mind.
DIFFERENCES IN ENZYME CONTENT OF AZUROPHIL AND SPECIFIC GRANULES OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES: II. Cytochemistry and Electron Microscopy of Bone Marrow Cells

In the previous paper we presented findings which indicated that enzyme heterogeneity exists among PMN leukocyte granules. From histochemical staining of bone marrow smears, we obtained evidence that azurophil and specific granules differ in their enzyme content. Moreover, a given enzyme appeared to be restricted to one of the two types. Clear results were obtained with alkaline phosphatase, but those with a number of other enzymes were suggestive rather than conclusive. Since the approach used previously was indirect, it was of interest to localize the enzymes directly in the granules. Toward this end, we carried out cytochemical procedures for five enzymes on normal rabbit bone marrow cells which had been fixed and incubated in suspension. The localization of reaction product in the granules was determined by electron microscopy. In accordance with the results obtained on smears, azurophil granules were found to contain peroxidase and three lysosomal enzymes: acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and 59-nucleotidase; specific granules were found to contain alkaline phosphate. Specific granules also contained small amounts of phosphatasic activity at acid pH. Another finding was that enzyme activity could not be demonstrated in mature granules with metal salt methods (all except peroxidase); reaction product was seen only in immature granules. The findings confirm and extend those obtained previously, indicating that azurophil granules correspond to lysosomes whereas specific granules represent a different secretory product.
Enhanced remote sensing of the marine environment through glint avoidance modeling

Remote Sensing applications of the marine environment, such as benthic mapping or in-water parameter retrieval, can be highly sensitive to in-scene glint. Glint can negatively impact retrieval algorithms rendering the image data unusable in extreme cases. This work seeks to identify the best sensor tasking for minimizing glint when collecting data from an aircraft or space-based imaging platform while maximizing image quality. This paper describes the development of a glint-avoidance tool through the use of statistical surface models, in-water radiative transfer models, and simple atmospheric models to optimize collection planning to reduce the probability of glint contamination in remotely sensed data.
Speed-bumps on the on-ramp to the information highway: Going online at average U

Abstract Many universities are still struggling to put a technology infrastructure in place. This article is particularly concerned with the means by which English teachers in institutions with technology infrastructures in their infancy can help students develop literacy skills for a digital culture. While our universities are building technology infrastructures, we can and should forge cross-departmental collaborations which allow us to incorporate low-end technology uses during the interim phase of technology development. Our interim technology initiatives should in turn become part of a long-term technology planning that builds upon a collaborative exchange between faculty and administration.
Intermediates revealed in the kinetic mechanism for DNA unwinding by a monomeric helicase

Helicases unwind dsDNA during replication, repair and recombination in an ATP-dependent reaction. The mechanism for helicase activity can be studied using oligonucleotide substrates to measure formation of single-stranded (ss) DNA from double-stranded (ds) DNA. This assay provides an 'all-or-nothing' readout because partially unwound intermediates are not detected. We have determined conditions under which an intermediate in the reaction cycle of Dda helicase can be detected by trapping a partially unwound substrate. The appearance of this intermediate supports a model in which each ssDNA product interacts with the helicase after unwinding has occurred. Kinetic analysis indicates that the intermediate appears during a slow step in the reaction cycle that is flanked by faster steps for unwinding. These observations demonstrate a complex mechanism containing nonuniform steps for a monomeric helicase. The potential biological significance of such a mechanism is discussed.
Editorial: 2012 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium

The ten papers in this special section were presented at the IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, Montreal, QC, Canada, June 17-19, 2012.
High-pressure/high-temperature dilatometry of SMC low profile additives

A high-pressure/high-temperature volumetric dilatometer has been designed and constructed. This equipment can be operated at temperatures as high as 250 C and pressures as high as 14 MPa. The sample chamber of this unit is composed of two concentric, double wall, stainless steel cylinders with ceramic and epoxy attachments and two thermocouples. The test sample is placed in the cavity between the two cylinders, and hence a very rapid and efficient heat transfer is achieved. The volume changes of the sample during the experiment are monitored by recording voltage changes caused by variations in the resistance of a circuit of the graphite rod in the pool of mercury. Using SMC paste samples, it has been demonstrated that the role of low profile additive is not affected by the maturation viscosity of the paste. Also, it was observed that the onset of volume expansion caused by the low profile additive occurs at about 110 C, whereas, the onset of the volume shrinkage due to chemical reaction does not coincide with this point and occurs at 135 C. This observation explains why, in general there is a major volume expansion and shrinkage associated with the cure of SMC. 16 refs.
Low temperature conductivity of transition-metal oxides

Abstract The usual models to study the conductivity properties of transition-metal oxides are examined critically. It is found that although the band structure picture explains many cases in a completely satisfactory way (e.g., ReO 3 ), it fails to explain the conductivity behavior of many crystals, e.g., transition-metal monoxides. Interpretation is given in terms of a model which involves itinerant metallic- s -electrons and oxygen- p -electrons, and localized highly correlated transition-metald electrons. Such a model explains the good conductivity of TiO, the semiconducting properties of VO, and the good insulating character of MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO. Extensions of the model to explain optical and magnetic properties are included.
The Role of Attribute Selection in GIS Representations of the Biophysical Environment

Abstract This article questions the arbitrary selection of input attributes for the definition of landform classes and other fiat objects that are used to represent the biophysical environment in geographic information science. It suggests that attribute selection influences the characterization of both geographic and attribute space in these applications. Hence digital elevation model-based fuzzy c-means landform classification relies on sensible selection of terrain attributes to generate fuzzy landform classes (memberships) with biophysical meanings. A case study employed several sets of sensitivity tests and evaluated how selections of terrain attributes may affect the outputs of fuzzy c-means landform classifications. The results showed an average classification difference of 37 percent when different numbers of attributes are used and 18 percent when similar terrain attributes are swapped. Effects of attribute selection also show obvious dependence on spatial resolution and number of classes. These ...
Effects of deferoxamine on intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury in aged rats

Background and Purpose— Deferoxamine (DFX) reduces brain edema, neuronal death, and neurological deficits after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young rats. In the present study, we investigated whether DFX is effective on brain injury after ICH in aged rats and examined dose dependency. Methods— Male Fischer 344 rats (18 months old) had an intracaudate injection of 100 μL autologous whole blood and were treated with different doses of DFX (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) or vehicle 2 and 6 hours post-ICH and then every 12 hours up to 7 days. Rats were euthanized at Day 3 for brain edema determination and Day 56 for brain atrophy measurement. Behavioral tests were performed during the experiments. Results— All 3 doses of DFX attenuated perihematomal brain edema at 3 days (eg, at dose 50 mg/kg, 80.4±0.5 versus 81.6±0.9% in the vehicle-treated group, P<0.01). Fifty and 100 mg/kg DFX also reduced ICH-induced ventricle enlargement, caudate atrophy, and ICH-induced neurological deficits in aged rats. However, although...
DIVERGENT TRENDS IN WHITE RACIAL ATTITUDES TOWARD BLACKS

This article is an investigation of attitudes of White Americans towards Black Americans using General Social Survey data collected by the National Opinion Research Center from 1972 through 1980. Two trends emerge from the data. One trend, predicted by the literature, is one of liberal change among items based on the desirability of racially mixed social contact. A second trend suggests that through the seventies, White Americans become increasingly less willing to condone government spending to alleviate conditions of racial inequality. This inconsistency raises the issue of question validity, which is addressed by an analysis of response patterns of three items in full predictive models. The results suggest that in measuring racial prejudice in a society becoming generally more conservative, questions focussing on public policy should be considered in addition to questions of social contact.
Faulting within the median valley

Abstract In order for the median valley to be maintained as a steady-state feature with time, certain constraints on relative motions of fault blocks are necessary. Three possible ways in which this can occur are either a combination of normal faulting and reverse faulting, or normal faulting alone, or rotations of blocks. These alternative constraints are discussed in the light of what is presently known about the detailed tectonic structure of the median valley. It is concluded that tectonic processes at ridge crests are probably a combination of all these models.
Clarification of the Abyssal Amphipod, Paralicella Tenuipes Chevreux

[Les syntypes de Paralicella tenuipes Chevreux comprenant deux especes melangees, un lectotype est choisi. La deuxieme espece est P. caperesca Shulenberger & Barnard. Une clef pour les cinq especes de Pafalicella connues, une diagnose du genre et une discussion sur la formation des especes sont presentees., Les syntypes de Paralicella tenuipes Chevreux comprenant deux especes melangees, un lectotype est choisi. La deuxieme espece est P. caperesca Shulenberger & Barnard. Une clef pour les cinq especes de Pafalicella connues, une diagnose du genre et une discussion sur la formation des especes sont presentees.]
Microarray-Based Techniques for Assessing In Situ Microbial Metabolic Activity

(2002). Microarray-Based Techniques for Assessing In Situ Microbial Metabolic Activity. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 407-407.
Axisymmetric infiltration in soils, II. Summary of infiltration characteristics related to problem specifications

Abstract This part II compiles solutions obtained by the methods described in part I of this study. These relationships can be applied to measurements in ring infiltrometers and similar problems of unsaturated axisymmetrical flow. The results illustrate how greater understanding of the infiltration process can result by contracting a series of solutions obtained by varying a single problem solution.
Gender factor in longer P100 latency of elderly persons.

Abstract Monocular pattern-shift visual evoked potentials (PSVEPs) were obtained in 26 neurologically and ophthalmologically normal elderly community volunteers (mean age 59.4, males 15, females 11), and compared with similarly obtained data in 26 sex-matched young subjects (mean age 28.1). Elderly males were age-matched with elderly females, and young males were age-matched with young females. Data analyses at both the midoccipital-linked ears and midoccipital-midcentral derivations revealed that the combined-eye mean P100 latency in the elderly as a whole was significantly longer than the young sex-matched controls (P It is concluded that females account for the major contribution towards the longer P100 latency in the elderly.
Semiconductor memory scaling and beyond

Semiconductor is an indispensible component of modern electronic systems. The history of the semiconductor industry is namely the history of scaling that has consequently benefited consumers by advancing the mobile era by providing high density product at low price. Besides, every semiconductor memory company is facing the ultimate physical limit of scaling. Natural question arising here is “What will be the next?”. As parts of efforts to overcome those limits and grasp new opportunities under new environment, where meeting requirements of power consumption and data bandwidth in addition to memory density is much more difficult while the importance of them is increasing, new technologies including 3D-IC and non-volatile new memories are currently being researched and developed.
Prospective development of a cost-efficient program for radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives We designed and implemented a broad-based program to decreasecosts while maintaining quality of care in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Methods This program initially involved identification of factors that contribute to patientcosts after radical prostatectomy and elimination or control of items that were deemed unnecessary. Patient care was standardized with a collaborative care pathway coordinated by a clinical nurse specialist and that served as a goal for each case. Results Length of total hospital stay was reduced from a mean of 5.7 days to 3.6 days after full implementation of the program (p Conclusions Careful analysis of the critical components of medical care and implementationof a standardized pathway with emphasis on a collaborative approach can substantially increase the cost efficiency of medical care.
The Electric Moment of Primary Alcohols

OF late the question of the permanent dipole moment of polyatomic molecules has been considered of great importance in order to elucidate the nature of forces that interact between the constituent atoms of the molecules.
Induction of C/EBPα activity alters gene expression and differentiation of human CD34+ cells

The CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) belongs to a family of transcription factors that are involved in the differentiation process of numerous tissues, including the liver and hematopoietic cells. C/EBPalpha(-/-) mice show a block in hematopoietic differentiation, with an accumulation of myeloblasts and an absence of mature granulocytes, whereas expression of C/EBPalpha in leukemia cell lines leads to granulocytic differentiation. Recently, dominant-negative mutations in the C/EBPalpha gene and down-regulation of C/EBPalpha by AML1-ETO, an AML associated fusion protein, have been identified in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). To better understand the role of C/EBPalpha in the lineage commitment and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors, we transduced primary human CD34(+) cells with a retroviral construct that expresses the C/EBPalpha cDNA fused in-frame with the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain. Induction of C/EBPalpha function in primary human CD34(+) cells, by the addition of beta-estradiol, leads to granulocytic differentiation and inhibits erythrocyte differentiation. Using Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) oligonucleotide arrays we have identified C/EBPalpha target genes in primary human hematopoietic cells, including granulocyte-specific genes that are involved in hematopoietic differentiation and inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1), a transcriptional repressor known to interfere with erythrocyte differentiation. Given the known differences in murine and human promoter regulatory sequences, this inducible system allows the identification of transcription factor target genes in a physiologic, human hematopoietic progenitor cell background.
Geography and macroeconomics: New data and new findings

The linkage between economic activity and geography is obvious: Populations cluster mainly on coasts and rarely on ice sheets. Past studies of the relationships between economic activity and geography have been hampered by limited spatial data on economic activity. The present study introduces data on global economic activity, the G-Econ database, which measures economic activity for all large countries, measured at a 1° latitude by 1° longitude scale. The methodologies for the study are described. Three applications of the data are investigated. First, the puzzling “climate-output reversal” is detected, whereby the relationship between temperature and output is negative when measured on a per capita basis and strongly positive on a per area basis. Second, the database allows better resolution of the impact of geographic attributes on African poverty, finding geography is an important source of income differences relative to high-income regions. Finally, we use the G-Econ data to provide estimates of the economic impact of greenhouse warming, with larger estimates of warming damages than past studies.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in cells of developing chick limbs: possible control of muscle and cartilage development.

Abstract The studies reported here show that NAD + levels are low in chick limbs which have not yet attained the stage of cellular commitment, that these low levels persist during a time period when major chondrogenic commitment and expression occur, that beyond this stage the NAD + levels in chick limbs rise dramatically and continuously, corresponding to the period of major myogenic development, and that developing cultures of stage 24 mesodermal cells seem to mimic these in vivo events in that myogenic cells are observed when NAD + levels are high and chondrogenic cells are observed when NAD + levels are low. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that pyridine nucleotides may play some role in the control of muscle and cartilage development in embryonic chick limbs.
Effects of light and sugars on rearing the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, on a germ-free and holidic diet

Abstract The effects of light and sugars were determined on the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, maintained on germ-free and holidic diets. In multiple-choice tests, aphids preferentially settled on and colonized diets receiving no or only weak light of 5 to 50 ft-c.; they generally avoided diets exposed to more intense light. When the quality of light reaching the diets was modified with appropriate filters, aphids preferred diets lighted in the colours yellow and orange (570 and 595 mμ). Violet and blue light (420 and 485 mμ) had a repellent effect. Although larvae could discriminate between different colours, they were less sensitive than adults to colour changes, once they had settled on the preferred diets and established a feeding pattern. In rearing tests, aphids grew, reproduced, and survived best on diets lighted in the 525 to 595 mμ spectral range and poorest on those lighted in the range of 485 mμ. Survival was also shortened on diets exposed to an intense light of 600 ft-c. Apparently, intense illumination or blue light deterred feeding, so that the resulting growth, reproduction, and survival were poor. On diets in which sucrose was replaced by glucose and fructose, or in which sucrose was replaced in part or totally by any one of the following sugars: cellobiose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, melezitose, raffinose, ribose, sorbose, or trehalose, aphid survival was drastically reduced. The low survival rate may have been due to lack of palatability in the sugars or to their poor nutritive value. However, a mixture of 20 per cent sucrose and 10 per cent maltose in the diet was superior to 20 or 30 per cent sucrose diets, suggesting a ‘synergic’ nutritional effect from the mixture, especially on the growth of the progeny.
Efficacy of chemical repellents against Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) and three species of ixodid ticks

Otobius megnini (Duges), often referred to as the ear tick or spinose ear tick, is a one-host tick native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. Infestations of this species can cause severe irritation and may affect breeding behavior in the host. Although chemical repellents are commonly used as an alternative approach to conventional arthropod vector control, information on repellency against O. megnini is lacking. This study compared repellency of ammonia, BioUD, 98.25 % DEET, garlic pepper tea, permanone, and pyre- thrin with piperonyl butoxide, against larvae stages of O. megnini, Amblyomma americanum (L.), Dermacentor variabilis (Say), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille). To test for repellency, tick movement was recorded at 30 s intervals for five min after introduction to a partially treated piece of filter paper. Results showed larvae of O. megnini exhibited less aversion to the chemicals tested when compared to the other tick species.
Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Excerpt To the editor: The article by Stewart and associates (1) is the latest in a series of articles (2, 3) detailing the frequent mismanagement of patients with sustained wide complex tachycardi...
Subjective memory beliefs and cognitive performance in normal and mildly impaired older adults.

Previous research suggests that subjective perceptions of memory may be related to objective memory performance. In the present study, healthy community-dwelling elders (N = 73, mean age = 75.25 years, education = 16.2 years) completed a neuropsychological assessment, including two questionnaires of subjective memory beliefs. Each participant was identified, via consensus conference, as belonging to either an amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 16) or no mild cognitive impairment (noMCI, n = 57) group. Results indicated that subjective memory capacity beliefs were significantly related to verbal memory performance in the MCI group, but not in the noMCI group. This differential relationship persisted even after controlling for depressive symptoms, and was not reflective of unequal variances in the two groups. Thus, results indicate that subjective memory beliefs may be better indicators of performance in those with possible incipient cognitive impairment than normal older adults, perhaps because p...
Separation control on high-lift airfoils via micro-vortex generators

An experimental investigation has been conducted to evaluate boundary-layer separation control on a twodimensional single-flap, three-element, high-lift system at near-flight Reynolds numbers with small surfacemounted vortex generators. The wind-tunnel testing was carried out in the NASA Langley Low-Turbulence Pressure Tunnel as part of a cooperative program between McDonnell Douglas Aerospace and NASA Langley Research Center to develop code validation data bases and to improve physical understanding of multielement airfoil flows. This article describes results obtained for small (subboundary-layer) vane-type vortex generators mounted on a multielement airfoil in a landing configuration. Measurements include lift, drag, surface pressure, wake profile, and fluctuating surface heat fluxes. The results reveal that vortex generators as small as 0.18% of reference (slat and flap stowed) wing chord ("micro-vortex generators") can effectively reduce boundarylayer separation on the flap for landing configurations. Reduction of flap separation can significantly improve performance of the high-lift system by reducing drag and increasing lift for a given approach angle of attack. At their optimum chordwise placement on the flap, the micro-vortex generators are hidden inside the wing when the flap is retracted, thus extracting no cruise drag penalty.
Racial/ethnic disparities in maternal oral health experiences in 10 states, pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system, 2004-2006.

To describe and assess racial/ethnic differences in maternal oral health experiences during their most recent pregnancy. We analyzed 2004–06 data from the CDC Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a population-based surveillance system that collects data on pregnancy and postpartum experiences of mothers who have recently delivered a live infant. Ten states included in the analysis had a ≥70% weighted response rate and three standard questions pertaining to oral health. A total of 35,267 white non-Hispanic (WNH), black non-Hispanic (BNH) and Hispanic women were included in the analysis. We used weighted percentages/standard errors and multivariate logistic regression, controlling for selected descriptive characteristics. Only 41% of all women received oral health counseling during pregnancy. In the multivariate analyses, compared to WNH women, BNH women were more likely to have a dental problem (OR 1.19, CI 1.05–1.35). BNH and Hispanic women were less likely to obtain dental care during pregnancy (OR 0.87, CI 0.77–0.98; OR 0.77, CI 0.64–0.91 respectively) and were less likely to ever have had a teeth cleaning (OR 0.64, CI 0.52–0.78; 0.36, OR CI 0.29–0.46 respectively) when compared to WNH women. In addition, BNH and Hispanic women were less likely to have a teeth cleaning before (OR 0.82, CI 0.72–0.94; OR 0.60, CI 0.50–0.72 respectively) as well as during pregnancy (OR 0.68, CI 0.59–0.78; OR 0.74, CI 0.61–0.90) when compared to WNH women. Significant racial/ethnic disparities in maternal oral health experiences exist. Most women are not offered dental counseling during pregnancy.
Genetic identification of source populations for an aquarium-traded invertebrate

Increasingly, wildlife managers are turning to molecular genetics to aid in conservation efforts. While such approaches have been applied to large terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate species, their application to other traded organisms has not been extensively explored. Here, we examined the utility of these techniques for identifying source populations of aquarium ornamental invertebrates, using members of the Hawaiian atyid genus Halocaridina as a study system. These shrimps, restricted to anchialine habitats of the Hawaiian Islands, are popular in the aquarium trade due to their ability to survive in hermetically sealed containers for extended periods of time. However, commercial harvesting, coupled with habitat destruction and strong regional endemism, could lead to the depletion/extinction of unique populations. Because the land district of Kona, along the west coast of the island of Hawai'i, has the state's highest concentration of anchialine habitats, we hypothesized that commercially available Halocaridina originated from this region. To test this, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences from 96 individuals, obtained from six vendors, were compared with 580 homologous sequences from previous studies covering the known distribution range of Halocaridina. Recovery of identical, regional-specific haplotypes, network analyses and statistical assignment tests identified these commercially acquired specimens as belonging to either the Kona, Ka'ū, (western and southern coasts, respectively, island of Hawai'i) or Kina'u (southern coast, island of Maui) genetic groups of these shrimps. Although 39 of the 96 individuals originated from the Kona genetic group as hypothesized, our finding that commercially available Halocaridina are from three genetic groups spanning two islands suggests that other populations also warrant potential management consideration. While this study represents the first application of molecular genetics in identifying source populations of aquarium ornamental species, we feel that these techniques are amenable more broadly as they are dependent on only a few caveats.
Range-Bounding Normal Fault of Smith Valley, Nevada: Limits on Age of Last Surface-Rupture Earthquake and Late Pleistocene Rate of Displacement

Abstract Smith Valley is bounded on its western edge by an active normal fault and the Pine Nut mountains. Displacement on the fault is responsible for development of one of the westernmost basins of the Basin and Range province of the western United States. Interpretation of an exposure afforded by excavation of a trench across the range-bounding fault places the most recent surface-rupture earthquake after 5176±130 cal yr B.P. and suggests it was close in time to 3530±82 cal yr B.P. Utilization of tephrochonologic and cosmogenic analyses and mapping of fault scarps across the Artesia Road fan are the basis for putting forth an initial estimate of the late Pleistocene vertical slip rate of the fault at between 0.125 mm/yr and 0.33 mm/yr.