cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Daniel Kahneman's Influence on Legal Theory

The story of Daniel Kahneman’s extraordinary influence on the legal academy begins in the 1960s and early 1970s, when the field of law and economics revolutionized legal theory. The field, as such, was launched by Ronald Coase’s The Problem of Social Cost1 and Guido Calabresi’s The Cost of Accidents,2 and it became a substantial force in the academy with the publication of the first edition of Richard Posner’s famous treatise, Economic Analysis of Law.3 The seminal insight of law and economics was very simple and straightforward, but at the same time quite powerful: like prices, laws and regulations act as incentives for behavior, and people who are subject to the law can be expected to respond to these incentives. There are a couple of important corollaries to this basic insight. One is that the law can be used to encourage socially desirable conduct and discourage socially undesirable misconduct.4 Another is that the law has important efficiency implications; that is, law creates costs as well as benefits, and it is important to consider both effects when evaluating its efficacy.5 In order to operationalize these powerful concepts, a theory concerning how exactly law will shape the behavior of the governed is necessary. For its behavioral assumptions, law and economics imported
Modified Framingham Risk Score predicted 10-y CAD better than the original score in patients with lupus.

Source Citation Urowitz MB, Ibanez D, Su J, Gladman DD. Modified Framingham Risk Factor Score for systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2016;43:875-9. 26879352
Evolution of novel therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer.

Purpose of reviewPancreatic cancer is the most devastating of all cancers with an extremely poor prognosis. In US alone, over 50 000 new cases of pancreatic cancer are reported annually, and about the same number succumb to it, making pancreatic cancer the third most common cause of cancer deaths. M
Consensus ADMM and Proximal ADMM for economic dispatch and AC OPF with SOCP relaxation

In this paper, we reviewed several forms of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for distributed power system computing. The major focus is on ADMM based distributed parallel optimization algorithm which is feasible to be implemented in power network. Firstly, we introduced the general form of ADMM, and extend the 2-block ADMM to N-block multi-block ADMM. Next, we focus on two distributed parallel ADMM based optimization algorithms: Consensus ADMM (C-ADMM) and Proximal Jacobian ADMM (PJ-ADMM). A three-area DC optimal power flow (OPF) problem and a two-area AC OPF problem are tested for ADMM implementation. Information exchange structure and the numerical convergence results of the ADMM algorithms are given.
Occipital Epilepsy, the Great Mimicker: Case Report and Review for the Pediatrician

The patient is a 4-year-old ex-28 week boy with developmental delay who presented to the emergency department with headache, altered mental status, abdominal pain, and bilious emesis. He was hard to wake the morning of presentation and was less interactive than normal but opened his eyes and pointed to his head and abdomen when asked if he had pain. He had been having similar episodes of pain, vomiting, and depressed mental status associated with body tensing and nonrhythmic shaking since 2 years of age, and the episodes were now occurring monthly. Episodes typically began in the morning, with several hours of pain and 1 to 2 days of somnolence. Occasionally, his whole body would tense without tongue biting or loss of urine. He recovered completely to his baseline between episodes. His mother could identify no triggers. His development had always been globally delayed, but he continued to make progress. He had an unremarkable NICU course, and his family history was unknown because he had lived with his foster mother since discharge. He had been admitted twice for these episodes: once he was treated for dehydration and diagnosed with constipation on the basis of abdominal radiograph results. The second time, malrotation and brain mass were ruled out with an upper gastrointestinal series and brain MRI, the results of metabolic lab work were negative, and he was diagnosed with a viral syndrome. On current presentation, he was pale, tachycardic, and afebrile with otherwise normal vitals. He had delayed capillary refill and was rousable only to tactile stimulation. He was diffusely hypotonic with 1+ reflexes but no focal deficits and had an abdominal examination with …
Embodied Music Interaction: Creative Design Synergies Between Music Performance and HCI

In music performance, a range of novel digital musical interfaces (DMIs) has been explored that share both real-time and musical interaction. This chapter draws on the theoretical strand in the human-computer interaction (HCI) of embodied interaction, a conceptual approach that is helpful for designing novel physical interactions and experiences. This chapter compares the design characteristics of tangible, mobile, wearable, gesture sensor-based, and laptop-based interaction from an embodied music interaction perspective, in which shareability, digital-physical coupling, materiality, and situatedness are important design aspects for music performance. This approach can be helpful for identifying the limitations of existing designs and potential new areas for development.
A Bit of History and Touch of Philosophy

When I was a math student, I was positively certain that all “history of mathematics” books were written by losers incapable of making real math breakthroughs. I was young and ignorant back then, but at least one of these vices was cured by time.
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurological Status (RBANS) performance in non-clinical individuals with high levels of autistic traits

This study examined performance on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurological Status (RBANS), a brief neuropsychological test battery of cognitive function, in participants with two levels of sub-clinical autistic symptoms as quantified by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (ASQ). Participants were non-clinical college participants classified as displaying either Low (0–15 ASQ score, n = 183) ASQ traits or High (16 or higher ASQ score, n = 91) ASQ traits. Participants were given the ASQ and the RBANS. High ASQ subjects scored lower on Picture Naming (p < .02), Semantic Fluency (p < .05), Story Recall (p < .04) and the Language Index (p < .01).
A comparison of two pencil beam scanning treatment planning systems for proton therapy.

Objective Analytical dose calculation algorithms for Eclipse and Raystation treatment planning systems (TPS), as well as a Raystation Monte Carlo model are compared to corresponding measured point doses. Method The TPS were modeled with the same beam data acquired during commissioning. Thirty-five typical plans were made with each planning system, 31 without range shifter and four with a 5 cm range shifter. Point doses in these planes were compared to measured doses. Results The mean percentage difference for all plans between Raystation and Eclipse were 1.51 ± 1.99%. The mean percentage difference for all plans between TPS models and measured values are −2.06 ± 1.48% for Raystation pencil beam (PB), −0.59 ± 1.71% for Eclipse and −1.69 ± 1.11% for Raystation monte carlo (MC). The distribution for the patient plans were similar for Eclipse and Raystation MC with a P-value of 0.59 for a two tailed unpaired t-test and significantly different from the Raystation PB model with P = 0.0013 between Raystation MC and PB. All three models faired markedly better if plans with a 5 cm range shifter were ignored. Plan comparisons with a 5 cm range shifter give differences between Raystation and Eclipse of 3.77 ± 1.82%. The mean percentage difference for 5 cm range shifter plans between TPS models and measured values are −3.89 ± 2.79% for Raystation PB, −0.25 ± 3.85% for Eclipse and 1.55 ± 1.95% for Raystation MC. Conclusion Both Eclipse and Raystation PB TPS are not always accurate within ±3% for a 5 cm range shifters or for small targets. This was improved with the Raystation MC model. The point dose calculations of Eclipse, Raystation PB, and Raystation MC compare within ±3% to measured doses for the other scenarios tested.
Towards more meaningful interactive narrative with intelligent affective characters

Interactive emergent narrative uses affective agents to create stories, but these stories often lack a thematic direction. I propose an approach towards a modular system using reified theme objects which can point a story towards the author's intended direction while maintaining the autonomy of all involved agents. I describe my current progress using an authored story as a test case, leading towards my future work to create theme objects as a computational system.
Mechanisms of Action of Sacral Nerve and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Disorders of the Bladder and Bowel

Abstract Neuromodulation elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral or spinal nerves is a US Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for treating several disorders of the pelvic viscera. Although the detailed mechanisms underlying the effects of neuromodulation are still to be elucidated, it is generally believed that its beneficial effects are due to activation of somatic afferent nerves, which induces the release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system, leading to modulation of abnormal visceral sensory and motor mechanisms. Studies in animals have revealed that different types of neuromodulation act by releasing different inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters. This chapter will provide a summary of neural control of the lower urinary tract and distal bowel, the clinical use of neuromodulation for the treatment of bladder and bowel dysfunctions, putative mechanisms of action of neuromodulation based on animal studies and new experimental approaches using combination therapies to improve the efficacy of neuromodulation.
Charge Transport and Phase Behavior of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid Crystals from Fully Atomistic Simulations.

Ionic liquid crystals occupy an intriguing middle ground between room-temperature ionic liquids and mesostructured liquid crystals. Here, we examine a non-polarizable, fully atomistic model of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate family using molecular dynamics in the constant pressure–constant temperature ensemble. These materials exhibit a distinct “smectic” liquid phase, characterized by layers formed by the molecules, which separate the ionic and aliphatic moieties. In particular, we discuss the implications this layering may have for electrolyte applications.
Physiological responses of Oxyrrhis marina to a diet of virally infected Emiliania huxleyi

The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi forms some of the largest phytoplankton blooms in the ocean. The rapid demise of these blooms has been linked to viral infections. E. huxleyi abundance, distribution, and nutritional status make them an important food source for the heterotrophic protists which are classified as microzooplankton in marine food webs. In this study we investigated the fate of E. huxleyi (CCMP 374) infected with virus strain EhV-86 in a simple predator-prey interaction. The ingestion rates of Oxyrrhis marina were significantly lower (between 26.9 and 50.4%) when fed virus-infected E. huxleyi cells compared to non-infected cells. Despite the lower ingestion rates, O. marina showed significantly higher growth rates (between 30 and 91.3%) when fed infected E. huxleyi cells, suggesting higher nutritional value and/or greater assimilation of infected E. huxleyi cells. No significant differences were found in O. marina cell volumes or fatty acids profiles. These results show that virally infected E. huxleyi support higher growth rates of single celled heterotrophs and in addition to the "viral shunt" hypothesis, viral infections may also divert more carbon to mesozooplankton grazers.
Motion of Knots in DNA Stretched by Elongational Fields

Knots in DNA occur in biological systems, serve as a model system for polymer entanglement, and affect the efficacy of modern genomics technologies. We study the motion of complex knots in DNA by stretching molecules with a divergent electric field that provides an elongational force. We demonstrate that the motion of knots is nonisotropic and driven towards the closest end of the molecule. We show for the first time experimentally that knots can go from a mobile to a jammed state by varying an applied strain rate, and that this jamming is reversible. We measure the mobility of knots as a function of strain rate, demonstrating the conditions under which knots can be driven towards the ends of the molecule and untied.
An analysis of error recovery and sensory integration for dynamic planners

Strategic planners for robots designed to operate in a dynamic environment must be able to decide (i) how often a sensory request should be granted, and (ii) how to recover from a detected error. This paper derives closed-form formulas for the appropriate frequency of sensor integration as a function of parameters of the equipment, the domain, and the types of errors from which the system wishes to recover.
On Field and Clinic Assessment

Healthcare professionals who care for athletes will find the following chapter useful as a detailed discussion of the comprehensive evaluation of the foot and ankle. The professional will learn how to develop consistent history taking and exam skills in order to determine appropriate treatment and return to play decisions. A thorough discussion of the palpable anatomy and special testing will be reviewed. The professional who cares for athletes at all levels of competition must have a thorough understanding of anatomy, excellent palpatory skills and knowledge of the sports, and the forces and positions that the athlete will be expected to endure for safe participation.
Mental Health Care in the Canton of Geneva

Over recent decades, mental health services in Geneva have developed in three phases: the institutional period, the era of alternatives to hospitalization, and the "management" period [1]. These phases help in understanding the development of care, which was influenced by the technical evolution of medicine, socioeconomic phenomena, and changes in management techniques and ideology [2]. With reference to the last, it must be stressed that mental health care is confronted by highly sensitive issues of human rights, and that psychiatry is a discipline of low technological input. Consequently, it is more frequently subjected to political influences than are other branches of medicine. In concrete terms, questions such as patients' rights, the potential danger of patients, restriction of their liberties, the very existence of psychiatric hospitals, the balance of the power conferred by society on psychiatrists, administrators, and jurists, and the treatment of psychologically disturbed children and delinquents are issues that have arisen in Geneva, as elsewhere in the world, over recent centuries whenever decisions have to be made concerning mental health treatment.
Specific heat near the superfluid transition of a 0.9869 μm 4He film

We report measurements of the specific heat of 4He near the superfluid transition while confined between silicon wafers at 0.9869 μm separation. These data are analyzed to check on the behavior expected from correlation-length scaling. Comparison is also made with other data for planar confinement, as well as data for cylindrical confinement. These represent different lower-dimensional crossovers. We find that the present data scale very well above the bulk transition temperature, and in the region immediately below it. Near the specific heat maximum however, the data for planar confinement do not collapse on a universal curve. We compare these results with specific theoretical scaling functions. In particular we find that on the normal side, and for large enough values of the scaling variable, one can describe the data well using the concept of the surface specific heat. The locus of the data in this region agrees well with the most recent theoretical calculations.
Mechanical and Transport Properties of Nafion: Effects of Temperature and Water Activity

Recent studies have shown that water absorption changes the mechanical and transport properties of Nafion by orders of magnitude. The unusually large changes in properties are indicative of microstructural changes induced by water absorption. The experimental findings of changes in proton conduction, water transport, elastic modulus, and stress relaxation are highlighted and explained by microphase segregation of hydrophilic domains resulting from water absorption. Water absorption is proposed to cause clustering of hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups and water within a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene matrix. The hydrophilic domains form a network that facilitates transport and create physical cross-links that stiffen Nafion. At high temperature and low water activity, the entropy of de-mixing breaks the clusters apart, causing a large drop in elastic modulus of the polymer and a large decrease in the rates of water and proton transport.
Dopamine Regulation of Pair Bonding in Monogamous Prairie Voles

The field of behavioral neuroendocrinology has primarily focused on using traditional laboratory rodents. Data from these studies have provided valuable information for better understanding of the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, hormonal, and molecular genetic mechanisms underlying several types of classic social behaviors, including aggression, mating, and maternal care. It has been shown that species differences exist in animals' social behaviors and underlying mechanisms, and thus caution needs to be taken when data are extrapolated from one species to another. The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) circuit is important in mediating social reward associated with pair bonding in monogamous prairie voles. In fact, central DA has also been implicated in other types of natural reward including food intake, body weight homeostasis, mating, and parental behavior. In rats, for example, food seeking induces DA release in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc), and released DA activates D1-type receptors to facilitate this behavior, illustrating a receptor-specific DA regulation of natural motivation. Mating has also been shown to induce DA release in several brain regions including the NAcc, CP, and medial preoptic area (MPOA) in both male and female rats. In a series of elegant studies in male rats, mating was found to induce DA release in the MPOA before and during copulation Released DA then acts on postsynaptic DA receptors and interacts with other neurochemicals, such as glutamate and GABA, to facilitate genita/motor reflexes e.g., erection, mounting, and ejaculation and appetitive processing of the incentive value of potential mates. It has been shown that the MPOA has a direct anatomical and neurochemical connection with the mesolimbic DA system and can act synergistically with the VTA–NAcc circuit to regulate the motivational salience associated with mating.
Housing Voucher Take‐Up and Labor Market Impacts

Low participation rates in government assistance programs are a major policy concern in the United States. This paper studies take-up of Section 8 housing vouchers, a program in which take-up rates are quite low among interested and eligible households. We link 18,109 households in Chicago that were offered vouchers through a lottery to administrative data and study how baseline employment, earnings, public assistance, arrests, residential location, and children's academic performance predict take-up. Our analysis finds mixed evidence of whether the most disadvantaged or distressed households face the largest barriers to program participation. We also study the causal impact of peer behavior on take-up by exploiting idiosyncratic variation in the timing of voucher offers. We find that the probability of lease-up increases with the number of neighbors who recently received voucher offers. Finally, we explore the policy implications of increasing housing voucher take-up by applying reweighting methods to existing causal impact estimates of voucher receipt. This analysis suggests that greater utilization of vouchers may lead to larger reductions in labor market activity. Differences in take-up rates across settings may be important to consider when assessing the external validity of studies identifying the effects of public assistance programs.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of ambient atmospheric hydrocarbons in an active shale gas region in North Texas

Abstract Over the past decade, significant development in shale gas extraction technologies has led to a massive increase in oil and gas production within the Barnett Shale region in North Texas. This region abuts a fast-growing Dallas-Fort Worth urban area with increasing air quality concerns. Air quality information for 2011–2015 from two urban and three non-urban monitoring sites within the Barnett Shale region were analyzed to identify the spatial and temporal trends of volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentrations. The non-urban sites had higher mean concentrations of total non-methane organic compounds (TNMOC) at 123.6 ppb-C than 77.06 ppb-C at the urban sites. Alkanes, which includes ethane, propane and n-butane, were the dominant VOC group at all five monitoring sites, with 88% of TNMOC at urban sites and 95% at the non-urban sites. Alkenes, alkynes and aromatics composition at urban sites accounted for 3.96%, 0.72% and 4.72% of TNMOC, and at the non-urban sites these were 1.55%, 0.43% and 1.94%, respectively. Seasonal variations were noted in the VOC profiles with high concentrations during the winter months and low during summer months. The alkane/TNMOC ratio also showed a similar seasonal pattern, with a median value of 0.8 at the urban sites and 0.9 at non-urban sites. Alkene/TNMOC ratios were highest during the summer months, while alkyne/TNMOC ratios were highest during spring and low in winter, due to the influence of localized urban emissions. Higher concentrations of isoprene were measured at one of the urban sites as a result of biogenic emissions from nearby urban forests. Spatial and temporal analysis of measured VOC concentrations at ambient air monitoring stations in North Texas revealed strong influence of source regions with high oil and gas activities in close proximity.
Mathematics Behind Microstructures: A Lead to Generalizations of Convexity

We consider a mathematical model aimed at explaining pattern formation in microstructures. Usually such models are also useful for understanding problems of solid–solid phase transitions in material science. Our goal is to analyze the limiting behavior of certain non-linear energy type functionals, with restrictions, from a variational point of view. In order to better understand this problem we develop some generalizations for the notions of rank-one convexity and quasi-convexity and demonstrate their relevance in the context of energy minimizing sequences.
Spinal IgG4-Related Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis with Spinal Cord Compression: Case Report and Literature Review

Background Back pain is a leading reason for patients to seek medical attention. Although musculoskeletal causes are common, patients can also present with rarer etiologies. Case Description A 50-year-old man presented with 2 months of isolated upper back pain initially suspected to be secondary to overuse muscular strain. During the next 3 months, his pain worsened, and he developed lower extremity dysesthesia and subjective weakness, despite normal neurological examination findings. Nonrevealing laboratory workup included normal muscle enzymes, C-reactive protein, urinalysis, and human leukocyte antigen B27. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a normal brain but a hypointense C7–T5 epidural mass, prompting a neurosurgical recommendation for laminectomy with evacuation of the suspected hematoma. His symptoms fully and promptly resolved after a 5-day course of prednisone 40 mg. When his symptoms recurred within 2 months, he underwent T4-T5 laminectomy with biopsy of a mass confluent with the dura mater. Initial pathological examination revealed fibrotic tissue of unclear etiology with polyclonal lymphoid infiltrate but no malignant cells, vasculitis, or granulomas. After months of recurrent, steroid-responsive symptoms, he presented to the rheumatology clinic. Repeat spinal magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated progression of epidural thickening with suspected spinal cord compression. Previous biopsy samples were then immunostained for IgG4, revealing focally dense IgG4-positive plasma cells, up to 29 cells per high power field, consistent with spinal IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis. He began rituximab therapy with a prednisone taper and demonstrated symptomatic and neurologic improvement with successful withdrawal from corticosteroids. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the present case represents the 12th reported case of spinal IgG4-related hypertrophic pachymeningitis. An early diagnosis and treatment could prevent progression to permanent neurological impairment and functional disability.
Role of Electrostatics in Influencing the Pathway by Which the Excited State of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Is Deactivated by Ferrocene Derivatives.

Excited states of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), [Ru(bpy)3]2+, can be deactivated by a wide range of ferrocene derivatives. The pathway by which deactivation takes place, either energy transfer (EnT) or electron transfer (ET), depends on several factors inherent to each specific donor–acceptor (D···A) system. In this work, we provide mechanistic insight into bimolecular quenching between [Ru(bpy)3]2+* and several ferrocene (Fc) derivatives in a variety of solvents. By introducing various functional groups onto the cyclopentadienyl ring of ferrocene, the chemical properties of the organometallic complexes were altered by tuning the oxidation potentials and charge of the iron complexes, and the manner in which the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ excited state is quenched by each ferrocene complex in solvents of various dielectric constants, including anhydrous acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and water (pH 10), was assessed. Through the use of transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy,...
CPD Article: Dysmenorrhoea.

Dysmenorrhoea is the leading cause of recurrent short-term school absence in adolescent girls and a common problem in women of reproductive age. Risk factors for dysmenorrhoea include nulliparity, heavy menstrual flow, smoking, and depression. Empiric therapy can be initiated based on a typical history of painful menses and a negative physical examination. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the initial therapy of choice in patients with presumptive primary dysmenorrhoea. Oral contraceptives and depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate also may be considered. If pain relief is insufficient, prolonged-cycle oral contraceptives or intravaginal use of oral contraceptive pills can be considered. In women who do not desire hormonal contraception, there is some evidence of benefit with the use of topical heat; the Japanese herbal remedy toki-shakuyaku-san; thiamine, vitamin E, and fish oil supplements; a low-fat vegetarian diet; and acupressure. If dysmenorrhoea remains uncontrolled with any of these approaches, pelvic ultrasonography should be performed and referral for laparoscopy should be considered to rule out secondary causes of dysmenorrhea. In patients with severe refractory primary dysmenorrhoea, additional safe alternatives for women who want to conceive include transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, acupuncture, nifedipine, and terbutaline. Otherwise, the use of danazol or leuprolide may be considered and, rarely, hysterectomy. The effectiveness of surgical interruption of the pelvic nerve pathways has not been established. (SA Fam Pract 2006;48(1): 35-41) (Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Family Physicians. This article is reprinted with permission from Am Fam Physician 2005;71:285-91, 292) Permission from the AAFP was granted to publish this article in the hardcopy only. Kindly refer to www.aafp.org or subscribe to the hardcopy of South African Family Practice.
Effects of Various Forms of Unstable Load on Muscle Electromyography in the Stabilizing Musculature and Rating of Perceived Exertion in the Bench Press.

Costello, K. Effects of various forms of unstable load on muscle electromyography in the stabilizing musculature and rating of perceived exertion in the bench press. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The purpose of the study was to determine whether unstable load training and the Swiss bar in the bench press can cause greater rating of perceived exertion (RPE) values and greater muscle activation in the stabilizing musculature and the same or greater in the primary movers with a decreased load. Division III college athletes (N = 24) performed 4 bench press interventions: stable bench press standard bar (SBp; 75% 1 repetition maximum), stable bench press Swiss bar (SwB; 65%), unstable bench press standard bar (UBp; 60%), and unstable bench press Bandbell bar (Bb; 60%). One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare the average muscle activity values of pectoralis major (PM), triceps brachii (TB), anterior deltoid (AD), and biceps brachii (BB) and RPE values of each intervention. In the PM, mean muscle activity values were significantly (ps < 0.01) greater in the stable SwB and unstable Bb bar than the SBp. In the TB, mean muscle activity values were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the stable SwB intervention than the SBp and UBp. Mean muscle activity values were significantly (p = 0.032) greater in the unstable Bb bar than the SBp intervention. In the AD, mean muscle activity values were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the SBp than the stable SwB and significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the UBp and unstable Bb bar than the stable SwB. In the BB, mean muscle activity values were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the UBp and unstable Bb than the SBp and significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the UBp and unstable Bb bar than the standard SwB. Mean muscle activity values were significantly (p < 0.001) greater in the unstable Bb bar than the UBp. The unstable Bb bar was perceived the most difficult when compared with other bars (ps < 0.01). The unstable interventions were viable options to replace the standard bench press as a method of upper-body resistance training.
Can Organizations Handle the Truth? Authenticity at Work Today

Is authenticity a characteristic that is truly valued and encouraged by managers and leaders in the workplace? What does it mean to be "authentic" at work today? Do people even want to bring their “whole self” to work? To better understand the concept of authenticity in the workplace, interviews were conducted with managers and non-managers in large organizations whose mission statements and core values overtly encourage employees to express their authentic selves. In particular, eleven semi-structured interviews with employees from organizations in diverse industries (e.g., financial services; pharmaceutical; residential/corporate moving and storage; energy) were conducted, transcribed, and manually coded and analyzed. Preliminary analysis revealed diverse definitions of work authenticity including, “keeping your word if you say you’re going to do something”; “being your true self”; “showing emotion intelligently”; “not being filled with guile”; “being/behaving as much of yourself that you are willing to give without being someone else”; “no ambiguity and not willing to do anything outside of your values” among others--revealing a complex conceptual landscape. In addition, results indicated a limited range in which an employee can express authenticity (demarcated by self and other-imposed “thresholds”) such that both individual and organizational factors contribute to one's ability and willingness to express authenticity at work. Specifically, organization’s culture, relationship with one’s manager, and perceptions that authenticity enhances work experience, professional growth and development, appear to affect employee authentic expression at work. This research offers a definition and an initial framework for understanding authenticity in the workplace that can spawn further research on this underexplored area of organizational behavior.
The Assessment of Pain and Barriers to Pain Management: A Content Analysis From a National Sample of Hospice Psychosocial Assessments Completed by Social Workers:

Pain is a multidimensional symptom frequently experienced by hospice patients that is physical, psychological, social, emotional, and spiritual. Medicare regulations require hospices to complete a psychosocial assessment with content such as patient/family adjustment to illness. Furthermore, pain barriers such as concerns about addiction, and fatalism are recognized impediments to high quality pain management. National data concerning whether hospice social workers are paying attention to issues related to patient pain is minimal. Addressing this gap, we randomly sampled 248 hospices nationally and requested a blank copy of their social work psychosocial assessment and reviewed its pain-related content. A total of 105 hospices (response rate 42.3%) provided an assessment for review. Descriptive statistics summarize agency characteristics and whether pain assessment content and pain barrier content were present. Analyses examined whether pain assessment content was included based on agency characteristics. Of the 105 participating agencies, most were non-profit (60%) and located in the South (30.5%). Less than half (47.6%) of the agencies included pain assessment content in their assessment. No associations were observed between having pain assessment content and agency characteristics. None of the assessments included content about 3 barriers to pain management: tolerance, overdose, stigma, and fatalism. Few agencies included other barriers to pain management: addiction (1%), burden (1%), non-adherence (3.8%) and stoicism (18.1%). Agencies which had pain assessment content mostly included other dimensions of pain: psychological (80%), emotional (74%), and social (78%). Hospice social workers can do more to assess and address pain concerns-especially psychological, social, and emotional dimensions.
ISOCAM Molecular Hydrogen Images of the Cep E Outflow

The physical characteristics of Cepheus E (Cep E) `embedded' outflow are analyzed using ISOCAM images in the v=0-0 S(5) 6.91 um and S(3) 9.66 um molecular hydrogen lines. We find that the morphology of the Cep E outflow in the ground vibrational H2 lines is similar to that of the near infrared v=1-0 2.12 um line. At these mid-IR wavelengths, we do not detect the second H2 outflow which is almost perpendicular to Cep E 2.121 um flow or traces of H2 emission along the second 12CO J = 2-1 outflow at 52 degrees angle, down to a surface brightness of 12 - 46 uJy/arcsec square. We do detect at 6.91 um the likely source of the main H2 and CO outflows, IRAS 23011+6126, and show that the source is easily seen in all IRAS bands using HiRes images. The source is not detected at 9.66 um, but we think this agrees with the interstellar extinction curve which has a minimum at 7 um, but rises a 9.7 um due to the strong absorption silicate feature, enhanced in this case by a cocoon surrounding the Class 0 object. This idea is supported by our models of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the central object. The models assume that the main source of opacity is due to bare silicates and our best fit for the SED yields a total mass of envelope of 17 solar masses and a dust temperature of 18 K.
The Shortcomings of Indeterminacy in Arms Control Regimes: The Case of the Biological Weapons Convention

In 1972 a historic attempt to create the world’s first international legal regime banning the development and possession of an entire class of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) culminated in the conclusion of the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC). Crippled by key compromises made by the great powers in pursuit of various self-interested security objectives in the context of the Cold War, the Convention is fundamentally flawed. Although the BWC purports to oudaw the development and possession of all biological weapons, deadlier and more sophisticated biological weapons than were imaginable in 1972 can now be and have been produced, as evidenced in October 2001 by two letters sent to the Capitol Hill offices of Senators Tom Daschle and Patrick Leahy. These letters reportedly contained direatening notes and a dangerous and sophisticated form of “weapons-grade” anthrax spores. Even though both die sender of these letters and the source of the anthrax remain unknown, the technical sophistication of the spores led some experts to suggest that the attacker was supported by a U.S. “biodefense” laboratory or an advanced foreign-state-run biological weapons (BW) facility because the spores could not have been produced by an amateur working in his basement.
Skin Color Matters in the Latinx Community: A Call for Action in Research, Training, and Practice:

While skin color is relevant and important in the Latinx community, as it is associated with colorism, little is known about how often it is measured or the best way to measure it. This article pre...
Metasurface Laser Lightsails

Nanophotonic design principles can enable self-stabilizing optical manipulation, levitation and propulsion of ultralight macroscopic-sized (i.e., mm, cm, or even meter-scale) metasurface ‘lightsails’ via radiation pressure from a high power density pump laser source. Here we examine stringent criteria for the lightsail materials design, thermal management, and dynamical stability, and discuss lightsail design and first experimental steps in characterization of small (<1 mm) microscale lightsails.
Eliduc and "The Ebony Tower": John Fowles's Variation on a Medieval Lay

The epigraph for "The Ebony Tower" is taken from Chretien de Troyes' Yvam, but John Fowles borrows much of the matter for his distinctly contemporary novella from another medieval romance, Marie de France's Eliduc. Fowles also clearly indicates his indebtedness. At one point David Williams, the protagonist in "The Ebony Tower," even listens to Henry Breasley go "off on Marie de France and Eliduc. 'Damn' good tale. Read it several times. . . . Archetypal and all that.' "' The old painter then proceeds to summarize the courtly tale of "crossed love," but David, who is quite certain that the other "misrepresented everything he talked about" (p. 52), does not particularly heed his host's account. Thus the protagonist, who gets most things wrong during the course of the story, gets this wrong too. Not forewarned by Eliduc's example, David also soon fails a test of faithfulness. He fails, in fact, to see which of his several tests is the real one; to construe rightly the crucial test when he faces it; to pass it; even to see, at first, that he has failed. And then, still oblivious to the significance of the twelfth-century analogue to his own twentieth-century predicament, he totally misestimates the nature and meaning of his paradigmatic failure—a failure that becomes paradigmatic precisely because of the manner in which he misestimates it.
Nonlinear dispersive equations : local and global analysis

Ordinary differential equations Constant coefficient linear dispersive equations Semilinear dispersive equations The Korteweg de Vries equation Energy-critical semilinear dispersive equations Wave maps Tools from harmonic analysis Construction of ground states Bibliography.
The limits of vindication

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the limits of vindication. Hume's objections within the frame of logistic formalism, ought to admit that the antimetaphysical version of philosophy lead to the renunciation of any justification of the predictive methods of science—lead to a definitive failure of scientific philosophy. Reichenbach suggests that not only “scientific philosophy,” but life itself would be impossible if induction were not justifiable. Reichenbach insisted that Hume had successfully shown that there is no logical demonstration for the validity of inductive inference and there is no demonstration a posteriori for the inductive inference; any such demonstration would presuppose the very principles that it is to demonstrate. If the inductive inference cannot be “demonstrated” to lead to successful prediction either deductively or a posteriori, and yet, it can still be “justified,” that “justification” must do something other than demonstrate to obtain successful predictions in the long run by relying on induction. Reichenbach claimed to have shown that induction will lead to the goal of successful prediction in the long run if any method will do so.
On the freestream matching condition for stagnation point turbulent flows

The problem of plane stagnation point flow with freestream turbulence is examined from a basic theoretical standpoint. It is argued that the singularity which arises from the standard kappa-epsilon model is not due to a defect in the model but results from the use of an inconsistent freestream boundary condition. The inconsistency lies in the implementation of a production equals dissipation equilibrium hypothesis in conjunction with a freestream mean velocity field that corresponds to homogeneous plane strain - a turbulent flow which does not reach such a simple equilibrium. Consequently, the adjustment that has been made in the constants of the epsilon-transport equation to eliminate this singularity is not self-consistent since it is tantamount to artificially imposing an equilibrium structure on a turbulent flow which is known not to have one.
Unusual products observed in gas-phase WxOy−+H2O and D2O reactions

Addition of H(2)O and D(2)O to small tungsten suboxide cluster anions W(x)O(y)(-) (x = 1-4; y W(2)O(y+1)(-) + H(2)/D(2) occurs for y < 5, while for W(2)O(5)(-), W(2)O(6)H(2)(-)/W(2)O(6)D(2)(-) is primarily produced. W(2)O(6)(-) does not appear reactive. For the W(3)O(y)(-) cluster series, sequential oxidation with H(2) and D(2) production occurs for y < 6, while W(3)O(6)(-) and W(3)O(7)(-) produce W(3)O(7)H(2)(-)/W(3)O(7)D(2)(-) and W(3)O(8)H(2)(-)/W(3)O(8)D(2)(-), respectively. Lower mass resolution in the W(4)O(y)(-) mass range prevents definitive product assignments, but intensity patterns suggest that sequential oxidation with H(2)/D(2) evolution occurs for y < 6, while W(4)O(y+1)H(2)(-)/W(4)O(y+1)D(2)(-) products result from addition to W(4)O(6)(-) and W(4)O(7)(-). Based on bond energy arguments, the H(2)/D(2) loss reaction is energetically favored if the new O-W(x)O(y)(-) bond energy is greater than 5.1 eV. The relative magnitude of the rate constants for sequential oxidation and H(2)O/D(2)O addition for the x = 2 series was determined. There are no discernable differences in rate constants for reactions with H(2)O or D(2)O, suggesting that the H(2) and D(2) loss from the lower-oxide/hydroxide intermediates is very fast relative to the addition of H(2)O or D(2)O.
The professional development of reference librarians : Implications of research, publication, and service

Professional activities can have a profound impact on the professional development of reference librarians in all types of libraries. This article discusses the positive impacts that research and publication, conference attendance and presentations at professional association meetings, and service activities have on the professional development and growth of reference librarians. Also included are practical tips and strategies for becoming more involved in these professional development activities.
Theory and Measurements on Lead—Tellurium—Lead Supercurrent Junctions

We previously reported1 the fabrication of lead—tellurium—lead Josephson junctions which exhibit uniform current distribution in the junction. Supercurrent has been observed for barriers having thicknesses up to 800 A. The critical current dependence on tellurium thickness and temperature were also reported. Here we give a theoretical derivation of the critical current as a function of tellurium thickness and temperature.
Dosage Parameters in Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer

The concept of dose intensity provides a starting point for studying dose-response relationships. The summation dose intensity method (SDI) is an improvement over previous methods of calculating dose intensity because it accounts for differences in drug activity and allows the dose intensity of combinations containing the different drugs to be compared on one scale. It may also ultimately prove useful in defining the contribution of cumulative dose and dose size. Results from initial randomized trials testing dose intensification in breast cancer suggested but did not confirm its importance because dose size and cumulative dose were usually increased concurrently. Results from several recent trials in which dose intensity was increased while cumulative dose was held constant suggest that dose intensity may not be pre-eminent, but that both dosage parameters affect outcome. In addition, there may be a threshold dose intensity that must be exceeded before treatment causes tumor regression. From both retrospective analyses and prospective trials of adjuvant chemotherapy, it is clear that the subsets of patients who benefit most from dosage increases are those with poor prognostic factors. Larger dose sizes contribute more toxicity but, within the conventional range, probably contribute little independent therapeutic benefit. In contrast, reduced size doses of non-antimetabolites given at very short intervals may reduce acute toxicity, maintain dose intensity above threshold, and allow delivery of larger cumulative amounts of chemotherapy. This dose dense strategy may produce results superior to the use of fewer but larger doses.
Predictors and costs of readmissions at an academic head and neck surgery service.

Background Health care metrics, such as readmission rates, are being scrutinized to improve quality and decrease cost of care. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate, predictors, and costs of 30-day unplanned readmissions (30dURs) in patients who undergo head and neck surgery. Methods All patients undergoing head and neck surgery at the Ohio State University from July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for 30dURs. Results \Six hundred seven patients underwent 660 operations. Forty-eight cases (7.3%) had a 30dUR. Significant independent risk factors for readmissions included: coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR] = 2.80; confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–5.9), chronic renal failure (OR = 3.56; CI = 1.5–8.5), not attending the preoperative clinic (OR = 2.74; CI = 1.2–6.3), length of stay (LOS) >5 days (OR = 3.19; CI = 1.6–6.5), and presence of a gastrostomy tube (OR = 2.75; CI = 1.3–5.8).The total cost of 30dURs was $1.68 million. Conclusion The 30dURs in patients who undergo head and neck surgery can be low, but costly. Identifying patients at risk for 30dUR will help develop preventative strategies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
The Missing Link: Regionalism as a First Step Toward Globalizing U.S. Environmental Security Policy

Especially since September 11, 2001, national security has been a high policy priority for the United States. Unfortunately, this has come at the detriment of other policies and relationships with foreign nations, including its fellow North American neighbors, Canada, and Mexico. What the current U.S. administration has overlooked in its reprioritization of policy goals is the close relationship between security and environmental protection. This article discusses the need to more closely incorporate environmental and/or ecological security into a traditional notion of national security and it highlights the specific link between traditional conceptions of security and global climate change. The study additionally debates the question of U.S. participation in a North American environmental security agenda, namely one that coordinates efforts to address global warming.