cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mel-18 interacts with RanGAP1 and inhibits its sumoylation

Our previous results showed that the polycomb protein mel-18 binds to a protein called HSF2 and inhibits HSF2 sumoylation, thereby functioning as an anti-SUMO E3 factor. This study also suggested that mel-18 regulates the sumoylation of other cellular proteins, but the identities of these other proteins were unknown. Here we show that mel-18 interacts with the RanGAP1 protein and inhibits its sumoylation, and that these activities do not require the RING domain of mel-18. The results also show that RanGAP1 sumoylation is decreased during mitosis, and that this is associated with increased interaction between RanGAP1 and mel-18 during this stage of the cell cycle. Intriguingly, this regulatory relationship is the opposite of that found for mel-18 and HSF2, in which the interaction between these two proteins decreases during mitosis, resulting in elevated HSF2 sumoylation. The results of this study strengthen the conclusion that mel-18 functions as an anti-SUMO E3 factor, and extend its targets to include regulation of the sumoylation of the important cellular protein RanGAP1.
Polyaniline Electrodes with Atomic Au n Pd 1 Alloys: Oxidation of Methanol and Ethanol

The effect of addition of one atom of palladium to n atoms of gold (n = 1–5) dispersed in polyaniline electrodes, for the electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol in alkaline solution has been investigated. For comparison, oxidation at pure atomic metal electrodes, Pt/PANI–Au n=2–7 and Pt/PANI–Pd n=2–6, was performed. It is shown that the one added Pd atom affects the oxidation peak currents and makes a significant difference in selectivity. Similar to our previous studies, the electrocatalytic activity has been correlated with the theoretically predicted HOMO–LUMO gap energies for the atomic metal alloys. Effect of addition of one atom of Pd to Au n in polyaniline .
Alternative reaction pathways in potential-step chronocoulometry

Summary Equations have been derived which predict the distribution of current and charge between two alternative electrochemical reaction pathways for the oxidation of a single species under the conditions of potential-step chronocoulometry. It is shown that the percentage of the total charge consumed in each reaction is given exactly by a simple heterogeneous rate constant ratio for the limiting cases of charge transfer control (no concentration polarization) and diffusion control (complete concentration polarization) under conditions where the backward reactions can be ignored, and for totally irreversible reactions (i.e. mixed control with negligible back reactions). The product distribution is approximated by this ratio over a wide range of variation of the kinetic parameters. Examples are given of the dependence of the product distribution on the step potential and the kinetic parameters for the two reaction pathways.
Consumer Ethnocentrism Offline and Online: The Mediating Role of Marketing Efforts and Personality Traits in the United States, South Korea, and India

Consumer ethnocentrism is an important concept that is used to understand international marketing phenomena. In this article, the authors conduct two empirical studies. Using consumer data from the United States, South Korea, and India (three diverse cultural and economic environments), they explore six hypotheses. In Stage 1, the results suggest that across all three countries, consumer ethnocentrism provokes negative attitudes toward both foreign advertisements and foreign products. The authors identify a set of consumer variables (i.e., consumers’ global mind-set) that may mediate consumers’ unfavorable attitudes toward foreign advertisements and products derived by consumer ethnocentrism. In Stage 2, the authors find that consumer ethnocentrism dampens consumers’ online consumption activities on a foreign Web site. Finally, the authors find that marketers’ e-mail communications to foreign consumers mediate consumer ethnocentrism in online environments.
Winter Map Inverses

We demonstrate the functional inverse of a Winter map, which is an analog of the exponential map, for Lie algebras over fields of prime characteristic.
Modeling multiple land use changes using ANN, CART and MARS: Comparing tradeoffs in goodness of fit and explanatory power of data mining tools

Abstract Over half of the earth's terrestrial surface has been modified by humans. This modification is called land use change and its pattern is known to occur in a non-linear way. The land use change modeling community can advance its models using data mining tools. Here, we present three data mining land use change models, one based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), another on Classification And Regression Trees (CART) and another Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). We reconfigured the three data mining models to concurrently simulate multiple land use classes (e.g. agriculture, forest and urban) in South-Eastern Wisconsin (SEWI), USA (time interval 1990–2000) and in Muskegon River Watershed (MRW), Michigan, USA (time interval 1978–1998). We compared the results of the three data mining tools using relative operating characteristic (ROC) and percent correct match (PCM). We found that ANN provided the best accuracy in both areas for three land use classes (e.g. urban, agriculture and forest). In addition, in both regions, CART and MARS both showed that forest gain occurred in areas close to current forests, agriculture patches and away from roads. Urban increased in areas of high urban density, close to roads and in areas with few forests and wetlands. We also found that agriculture gain is more likely for the areas closer to the agriculture and forest patches. Elevation strongly influenced urbanization and forest gain in MRW while it has no effect in SEWI.
Race and Misdemeanor Sentencing

This research examines the validity of an integrative theoretical approach that consists of the “liberation hypothesis” and the “focal concerns” perspective to assess the extent racial discriminati...
Ordering Kinetics of the BCC Morphology in Diblock Copolymer Solutions over a Wide Temperature Range

The morphology and order-to-disorder transition (ODT) of solutions of a low molecular weight poly(styrene-b-ethylene-alt-propylene) in squalane were studied by four different methods: DSC, modulated DSC, rheology, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The ordering from disordered micelles to the BCC morphology was traced by both rheological and SAXS measurements. The ordering mechanism was found to follow the “nucleation and growth” pathway under both shallow and deep temperature quenches. The ordering process resembles the crystallization of semicrystalline polymers. The ordering half-time (t0.5) showed a clear minimum at an intermediate temperature. At temperatures far below the ODT temperature (TODT) but well above the glass transition temperatures of the solvent and the corona block of the micelles, t0.5 increased with concentration. The temperature dependence of the ordering process was analyzed using the Fredrickson−Binder theory. Following a shallow quench (TODT − T < 15 °C), t0.5 was found to ...
Immunosuppression and reconstitution with thymosin after radiation therapy.

Since 1976, 102 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma, (82, head and neck; 20, esophagus), have been evaluated before receiving irradiation and thymosin fraction 5 therapy at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Thymosin fraction 5 is a mixture of at least 20 polypeptides which has been shown to have immune enhancing capabilities in primary immunodeficiency disease and various malignancies. Immunity prior to treatment (measured by total lymphocyte count, E and EAC rosettes, lymphocyte stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) with allogeneic cells and quantitative serum immunoglobulins) was comparable and normal in the 80 control patients and the 22 thymosin treated patients. Postirradiation significant depression (p < 0.01) was demonstrated in cellular immunity in both groups of patients with decreased T and B cell numbers and depressed PHA and MLC stimulation. To date there have been an equal number of recurrences and deaths in both groups of patients.
DEMONSTRATION BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE OF THE FIXATION OF PERFUSED ANTIBODY TO HUMAN COLLAGEN IN HUMAN KIDNEY

Rabbit serum containing antibody to human collagen, perfused through human infant kidneys obtained at autopsy, gives an immunofluorescent reaction with an antigen in the basement membranes of the glomeruli and the tubules. This reaction was shown to be specific by the absence of reaction with normal rabbit serum, antibody to carp collagen, or anti-human collagen serum absorbed with human collagen. Slight cross-reactions were found in the human kidneys with antibody to chicken or rat collagen. There was no evidence that a collagen-like protein in human serum or an antigen common to human erythrocytes and renal glomeruli enters into this immunofluorescent reaction. Perfusion of the kidneys with purified collagenase before the introduction of the antibody to human collagen altered the antigen so that antibody could not be demonstrated in the basement membranes by immunofluorescence. Testicular hyaluronidase used in the same way did not affect the immunofluorescent reaction. This method of perfusion provides another means for studying antigens in human organs by immunofluorescence. These observations in human kidneys extend our earlier findings in laboratory animals and indicate that an antigen, collagen, is also present in human renal glomerular and tubular basement membranes.
Effects of a non-peptide angiotensin receptor antagonist on drinking and blood pressure responses to centrally administered angiotensins in the rat.

Abstract Both angiotensin II (ANG II) and angiotensin III (ANG III) administered centrally produce drinking and increases in blood pressure. The recent characterization of two subtypes for the ANG II receptor, the AT1 and the AT2, raises the questions of whether drinking and pressor responses to ANG II can be separated pharmacologically and whether ANG III acts via the same receptor subtype. Therefore, the current study examined drinking and blood pressure responses to ANG II and ANG III administered centrally in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in the presence or absence of a selective AT1 receptor antagonist. Blockade of the AT1 receptor abolished both drinking and pressor responses to ANG II and ANG III. However, drinking to the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, was unaffected. These results demonstrate that centrally administered ANG II and ANG III increase both water intake and blood pressure via the AT1 receptor subtype.
Problems of the Navajo Tribal Courts in Transition

There is a widely held view that viable legal systems, if they are to be generally accepted and obeyed, must derive from the beliefs and life ways of the people to whom they apply. Judge Benjamin Cardozo has written, Back of the precedents are the basic jural postulates of judicial reasoning and farther back are the habits of life, the institutions of society, in which those conceptions had their origin and which in a process of interaction, they have modified in turn. (1952:19).
Latent ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts featuring a phosphine or an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand.

The synthesis and characterization of latent 18-electron ruthenium benzylidene complexes (PCy_3)((^κN,O)-picolinate)_2RuCHPh (5) and (H_2IMes)((^κN,O)-picolinate)_2RuCHPh (6) are described. Both complexes appear as two isomers. The ratio between the isomers is dependent on l-type ligand. The complexes are inactive in ring-closing metathesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization reactions even at elevated temperatures in the absence of stimuli. Upon addition of HCl, complexes 5 and 6 become highly active in olefin metathesis reactions. The advantage of the latent catalysts is demonstrated in the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene, where the latency of 6 assures adequate mixing of catalyst and monomer before initiation. Trapping experiments suggests that the acid converts the 18-electron complexes into their corresponding highly olefin metathesis active 14-electron benzylidenes.
Structural similitude for flat laminated surfaces

Due to special characteristics of advanced reinforced composite materials, they require extensive experimental evaluation. Thus, it is extremely useful to use available experimental data of specific structural systems or of small-scale models to predict the behavior of all similar systems, especially large. This study investigates problems associated primarily with the design of scaled-down models. Similitude theory is employed to develop the necessary similarity conditions. Scaling laws provide the relationship between a full-scale structure and its scale models and can be used to extrapolate the experimental data of a small, inexpensive, and easily tested model into design information for the large prototype. Both complete and partial similarity is discussed. The developed method is demonstrated through analysis of the cylindrical bending of orthotropic laminated beamplates subjected to transverse loads, buckling of symmetric laminated cross-ply rectangular plates subjected to uniaxial compression and analysis for the vibration response of cross-ply symmetric configurations. For the case of beamplates, experimental data are available for a number of configurations and are used to test the validity of the methodology. In the buckling and vibration studies, the demonstration is totally analytical. In these cases, a small-scale model is theoretically analyzed, the theoretical predictions are treated as if they were experimental results, the scaling laws are then used to predict the behavior of the large prototype and finally these predictions are compared to the theoretical values of the prototype in order to test the validity of the method. All was accomplished with considerable success.
Premium honeys: Response of sensory panelists

Abstract Four honeys and one synthetic ‘honey’ were ranked by 62 panelists for relative acceptability; willingness to buy was ranked after price information was provided. Data were analyzed with the R-index procedure and Friedman ranked sums test. Honey floral source and production location differed. Panelists completed a questionnaire concerning food selection and perception and selection of honey. Instrumental techniques were used to characterize the honeys. Honey was perceived by these panelists to have a unique flavor and positive image. Alaska wildflower, a fireweed table honey and Alaska fireweed/clover were the most acceptable. Acceptability did not necessarily correspond to willingness to buy. Similar results were obtained from both the R-index and rank sums analyses. The instrumental assessment of color and acceptability were significantly correlated. Generally, characteristics that distinguish premium from table honeys were unimportant in the selection process used by these panelists.
Mean-field approximation for chiral quark bag models

A chirally invariant quark model of the nucleon is studied by the use of a Tomonaga type of approximation. Static nucleon properties are calculated as a function of the bag radius and compared against corresponding quantities obtained perturbatively, as indeed has been done invariably in existing chiral bag calculations. It is found that for some observables (such as the energy) the perturbation treatment becomes unacceptably inaccurate for R< or approx. =0.9 fm. However, electromagnetic properties may be accurately calculated for much smaller bag radii, provided that a coupling constant (f/sub 0/) is appropriately adjusted to give the correct asymptotic pion field strength.
Microbial hollow fiber bioreactors

Abstract Hollow fiber membranes have been used for more than a decade to culture mammalian cells and immobilize enzymes. More recently, hollow fiber bioreactors have shown encouraging potential for culturing microbes but many of the practical aspects of their operation have not been explored.
Climatic basis for sluggish macroevolution during the late Paleozoic ice age

Rates of origination and extinction for marine invertebrates fell at the onset of the late Paleozoic ice age in late Mississippian time and remained low until glaciation ended in middle Permian time. Through the use of a database of stratigraphic and geographic occurrences of brachiopod genera, these macroevolutionary changes are traced to the loss of genera with narrow latitudinal ranges, which had intrinsically high turnover rates, at the onset of glaciation in late Visean time. When glaciation waned in late Sakmarian time, narrowly distributed genera rebounded abruptly and restored the global fauna to its pre– ice-age configuration. Because narrowly distributed brachiopod genera had dominated tropical diversity, the major biotic effects of the late Paleozoic ice age were felt at low latitudes. The climatic regime of this ice age thus altered the marine ecosystem to one characterized by broadly adapted, long-lived genera.
Pregnane glycosides from Hoodia gordonii.

Abstract Hoodia gordonii is a ‘weight loss’ herb, which has gained popularity in the western countries as an appetite suppressant dietary supplement. Phytochemical study of its aerial parts led to isolation of seven pregnane glycosides (hoodigosides W–Z, hoodistanalosides A–B). Their structures were elucidated by chemical degradation studies and spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and CD spectroscopic methods.
View-Invariant Pose Recognition Using Multilinear Analysis and the Universum

This paper presents an approach to full-body human pose recognition. Inputs to the proposed approach are pairs of silhouette images obtained from wide baseline binocular cameras. Through multilinear analysis, low dimensional view-invariant pose coefficient vectors can be extracted from these stereo silhouette pairs. Taking these pose coefficient vectors as features, the Universum method is trained and used for pose recognition. Experiment results obtained using real image data showed the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Differences in Movement Mechanics, Electromyographic, and Motor Cortex Activity Between Accurate and Nonaccurate Stepping

What are the differences in mechanics, muscle, and motor cortex activity between accurate and nonaccurate movements? We addressed this question in relation to walking. We assessed full-body mechani...
Tool support for data validation by end-user programmers

End-user programming tools for creating spreadsheets and webforms offer no data types except "string" for storing many kinds of data, such as person names and street addresses. Consequently, these tools cannot automatically validate these data. To address this problem, we have developed a new userextensible model for string-like data. Each "tope" in this model is a user-defined abstraction that guides the interpretation of strings as a particular kind of data, such as a mailing address. Specifically, each tope implementation contains software functions for recognizing and reformatting that tope's kind of data. With our tools, end-user programmers define new topes and associate them with fields in spreadsheets, webforms, and other programs. This makes it possible at runtime to distinguish between invalid data, valid data, and questionable data that could be valid or invalid. Once identified, questionable and/or invalid data can be double-checked and possibly corrected, thereby increasing the overall reliability of the data.
Conduct disorder and antisocial behavior: Some thoughts about processes.

“Whether we form habits of one kind or of another from our very youth…makes a very great difference, or rather all the difference,” claimed Aristotle, wrestling with notions of conduct disorder (CD) and antisocial behavior two thousand years ago (Bk. II, chap. 1). As I respond to the invitation of John Richters and Dante Cicchetti to reflect on “where research on antisocial behavior has been, is now, and is going,” I think about the implications of Aristotle's claim. On the one hand, Aristotle points to the training received during childhood as key to understanding subsequent misbehavior. On the other, he believed that individuals must be responsible for their behavior and that, therefore, they must be able to make choices regarding how to act.
On graphs with small Ramsey numbers

Let R(G) denote the minimum integer N such that for every bicoloring of the edges of KN, at least one of the monochromatic subgraphs contains G as a subgraph. We show that for every positive integer d and each γ,0 < γ < 1, there exists k = k(d,γ) such that for every bipartite graph G = (W,U;E) with the maximum degree of vertices in W at most d and $|U|\leq |W|^{\gamma }$, $R(G)\leq k|W|$. This answers a question of Trotter. We give also a weaker bound on the Ramsey numbers of graphs whose set of vertices of degree at least d + 1 is independent. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 37: 198–204, 2001 This work was partially supported by the grant RM1-181 of the Cooperative Grant Program of the Civilian Research and Development Foundation.
Berylliumlike Se XXXI and lithiumlike Se XXXII emissions observed in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Measured wavelengths of the lithiumlike Se xxxii resonance lines and the berylliumlike Se xxxi resonance and intercombination line are compared with the isoelectronic extrapolations by Edlen. Also, a number of other transitions from oxygenlike Se xxvii to boronlike Se xxx are identified.
Rep-rated operation of a modular, compact HV-capacitor charger

We are reporting results on a compact high voltage capacitor charger with modular topology for rep-rated operation. This modular topology utilizes synchronized hard-switching H-Bridge inverters. Each current-mode controlled inverter is fed into the highly coupled primaries of a high frequency transformer with a nano-crystalline core. This charging system with two synchronized H-Bridges has reached voltages of over 20 kV with power outputs in excess of 10 kW. Rep-rated operation along with system efficiency has been explored with this modular topology system. Burst mode operation has achieved rep rates close to 20 Hz. Overall system efficiencies have been measured at nearly 80%.
Pulmonary embolism response teams.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a complex and multidimensional pathophysiology, the diagnosis and management of which spans multiple disciplines. The high morbidity and associated mortality of “massive” and “submassive” acute PE may require prompt, definitive management; however, current consensus guidelines in this domain are not supported by high-level evidence. Randomized clinical trials comparing available pharmacologic and invasive treatment modalities—including anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and embolectomy—have not been conducted and continue to be challenging to conceptualize, design, and execute. Consequently, time-sensitive therapeutic determinations are largely not standardized, and rendered on a case-by-case basis in part depending on institutional practices and expertises. Chronic sequelae of PE, such as chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, are increasingly identified as conditions necessitating longitudinal specialty care. These and other challenges have created a niche for a multidisciplinary team which can respond rapidly to unstable patient scenarios, appropriately deploy resources, and offer highly specialized acute and chronic management of PE. The Massachusetts General Hospital Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT), modeled after existing rapid response and collaborative care teams, is a novel approach that combines this clinical service with the development of an educational and research framework to advance the care of patients with PE.
Comparative Government: Developing New Nations

TEE STUDY OF NEW NATIONS began to take its present form a little over a decade ago in a particularly fortunate intellectual climate. It was a time when new patterns of social science thought in anthropology and sociology were beginning to have an effect on political studies due in large part, to World War II.1 This impact, while it generated antagonism within the field of political science itself, also allowed considerable analytical experimentation, particularly in those cultural and regional areas where little previous work had been done. Although political science orthodoxy reigned supreme in
Applying cooperative learning to a graduate power systems analysis course: it works for me!

This paper gives anecdotal experience about the application of cooperative and active learning concepts in a graduate class in power systems analysis. The use of these techniques resulted in a significant improvement in student evaluations of the course (and the instructor) in comparison with two prior offerings, yet reduced instructional workload. Its possible that the students even learned more about the subject.
Multifaceted Approach to the Diagnosis and Classification of Acute Leukemias

Until recently, the diagnosis and classification of acute myeloid (AML) and acute lymphoblastic (ALL) leukemias was based almost exclusively on well-defined morphologic criteria and cytochemical stains. Although most cases can be diagnosed by these methods, there is only modest correlation between morphologic categories and treatment responsiveness and prognosis. The expansion of therapeutic options and improvement in remission induction and disease-free survival for both AML and ALL have stimulated emphasis on defining good and poor treatment response groups. This is most effectively accomplished by a multifaceted approach to diagnosis and classification using immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular analysis in addition to the traditional methods. Immunophenotyping is important in characterizing morphologically poorly differentiated acute leukemias and in defining prognostic categories of ALL. Cytogenetic and molecular studies provide important prognostic information and are becoming vitally important in determining the appropriate treatment protocol. With optimal application of these techniques in the diagnosis of acute leukemias, treatment strategies can be more specifically directed and new therapeutic approaches can be evaluated more effectively.
The Subjective Effects of Cocaine: Relationship to Years of Cocaine Use and Current Age

Background: Little is known about whether the duration of cocaine use or an individual’s age may influence the acute effects of cocaine, patterns of use, and specific treatment needs. Objectives: This post hoc analysis determined whether the duration of cocaine use or current age influenced the acute subjective response to cocaine. Data from four smoked cocaine self-administration laboratory studies were combined and analyzed to determine whether the subjective effects of a 25-mg smoked cocaine dose varied as a function of years of cocaine use or current age. Methods: Thirty-six nontreatment-seeking healthy cocaine users (ages 32–49) were admitted to studies lasting from 12 to 105 days. Participants rated the subjective effects of each cocaine dose from 0 to 100 by completing a computerized self-report visual analogue scale (VAS). The main outcome measures were the change in VAS ratings between a baseline placebo dose and the first 25-mg dose of smoked cocaine. Results: No significant relationship was fou...
Sex and social costs of escaping in the striped plateau lizard Sceloporus virgatus

As a predator approaches, prey base decisions about when to flee on a balance between degree of predation risk and costs of escaping. Lost opportunities to perform activities that may increase fitness are major escape costs. Paramount among these are chances to increase fitness by courting and mating and by driving away sexual rivals. Because sexual selection imposes different social demands on the sexes, social opportunities can have different consequences for males and females, but effects of sex differences in social opportunity costs on escape behavior are unknown. We conducted a field experiment showing that male striped plateau lizards (Sceloporus virgatus) given the opportunity to court or perform aggressive behavior permit closer approach before fleeing, but females do not. Males allowed a simulated predator to approach closer before initiating escape if a tethered male or female rather than a control stimulus was introduced to them, but females initiated escape at similar distances in all conditions. For males, a trade-off between the greater predation risk accepted before fleeing due to the likelihood of enhancing fitness by sexual or aggressive behavior accounts for closer approach allowed in the presence of conspecifics. Mating opportunities are not limiting for females in most species and females often have little to gain by interacting aggressively with other females. Therefore, presence of a conspecific male or female may not justify taking greater risk. Results confirm the prediction of optimal escape theory that flight initiation decreases as cost of escaping increases. The sex difference in effect of presence of conspecifics on flight initiation distance is a consequence of the sex difference in costs of escaping. Key words: escape costs, flight initiation distance, predation risk, Sceloporus virgatus, sexual selection. [Behav Ecol]
Chromosome abnormalities in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is the fifth most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States, yet few cytogenetic studies of this tumor have been reported. We analyzed 26 primary tumors to identify which chromosome abnormalities occur most frequently in this neoplasm. One carcinoma was well differentiated and mucin producing, 18 were moderately well differentiated, and seven were poorly differentiated. Only normal karyotypes were obtained from nine carcinomas. The remaining 17 carcinomas frequently had normal metaphase cells in addition to simple to highly complex karyotypes. The modal chromosome number in 20 carcinomas was diploid or near-diploid; four carcinomas had both a major near-diploid and near-triploid or near-tetraploid component, and two were near-tetraploid. Numerical abnormalities included loss of whole copies of chromosomes 6, 17, and 18, and gains of chromosome 20. Structural abnormalities were frequent, with 1p, 2p, 3p, 4q, 6q, 7q, 1 1q, and 17p recurrently involved. Results of this study were combined with karyotypes of 19 other primary adenocarcinomas of the pancreas reported in the literature. The combined data involving 1 17 breakpoints suggest that careful analysis of chromosome 20, proximal 1 q. 6q, proximal 8p. and proximal 17p could be productive in defining genes involved in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Genes Chrom Cancer 9:93-100 (1994).© 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Water kinetics in enteric disease of neonatal calves.

Abstract Normal and diarrheic calves were given a single injection of tritiated water. Normal calves had a water space of 87% of the body weight compared to 76% in diarrheic calves. On the basis of mixing pool kinetics, dehydration during diarrhea appeared to be evenly distributed throughout the body compartments. The turnover of the body water pool increased sharply as diarrhea became more severe.
Increased expression of androgen receptor (AR) and enzymes involved in androgen synthesis in metastatic prostate cancer: Targets for novel personalized therapies

5002 Background: Androgen receptor (AR) signaling remains active in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) despite castrate levels of circulating androgens. This is indicated by continuous expression of androgen-responsive genes and is due to mechanisms that include: increased AR expression; AR mutations allowing promiscuous activation by alternative ligands; and increased intratumoral androgen levels, resulting from in situ steroidogenesis. Methods: Gene expression profiles of 30 normal prostate tissue samples, 131 primary prostate carcinomas (PCas) and 16 metastatic PCas, generated using Affymetrix Exon arrays, were interrogated for levels of 40 mRNAs encoding AR, SHBG, 28 enzymes involved in androgen synthesis and 10 enzymes involved in androgen inactivation. For individual tumors, a transcript was considered to be overexpressed or underexpressed when its levels were >2 SDs higher or lower, respectively, than its average levels in normal tissue. Results: Metastatic PCas expressed higher average tr...
African Americans and the Right to Self-Determination in a Christian Context

The domestic legal obstacles to affirmative action to address the problem of the color line that have arisen in the United States in the last quarter of the 20th Century have become the occasion for discouragement and even despair in the face of persistent racial disparities in American life. This is due, in part, to the limits of our domestic vocabulary for speaking about such initiatives. This paper argues that Christian ethics, with the help of the resources of the emergent minority rights dialogue in international human rights, can play an important role in securing the cultural transformation needed to broaden our vocabulary and reframe our thinking so that our efforts to secure racial justice are not bound by the limits of the conventional domestic vocabulary. Specifically, the author argues that the new international discussion of “the right to self-determination” can be usefully employed within Christian ethics to secure the cultural, moral and legal changes needed to secure racial justice in the United States.
A review of carbon dots in biological applications

Luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials have inspired tremendous research interests due to their tunable optical properties as well as superior biocompatibility. In this review, distinct light emission properties of carbon dots (CDs) derived from different synthesis methods are summarized. The optical properties of as-synthesized CDs can be further controlled by element doping and surface functionalization of CDs for tunable band gap. Due to their low cytotoxicity and tunable optical behaviors, luminescent CDs have been extensively studied for their potential biomedical applications, such as analytical sensors, and bioimaging devices. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the emerging luminescent CDs and their applications as biosensors and bioimaging agents. The challenges and perspectives in the near future are also discussed.
Headache in a patient with renal cell carcinoma.

A 52-year-old womanwith hypothyroidism and advanced renal cell carcinoma presented with new onset headache, worsening fatigue, and weakness for two weeks. Two years back she developed flank pain, and underwent radical nephrectomy and extended lymph node dissection for a left renal mass. Pathology showed clear cell carcinoma with lymph nodemetastasis and extensive lymphovascular invasion. She received adjuvant therapy with pazopanib, and was referred for a clinical trial after she had disease progression. At the time of presentation, she had been receiving immunotherapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab for two months as a part of a clinical trial. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with contrast is shown in Fig. 1.
The evolving paradigm of second-line hormonal therapy options for castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Purpose of review The review examines recent advances in second-line hormonal therapy for the treatment of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Recent findings Recent data highlight the continued importance of androgen signaling in CRPC. These findings have spurred the development of novel inhibitors of adrenal and intra-tumoral androgen synthesis and novel androgen signaling inhibitors with activity in CRPC. In the past year abiraterone acetate, a CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase/17, 20 lyase) inhibitor, received US FDA approval for use in the treatment of metastatic CRPC in patients previously treated with docetaxel. Additionally, the novel androgen signaling inhibitor MDV3100 has been reported to confer a survival advantage compared to placebo in the same patient population. Here we review the scientific rationale for targeting androgen signaling in CRPC and the recent pivotal trials that support the use of novel second-line hormonal therapies. Additionally, we summarize ongoing preclinical and clinical efforts to ascertain and overcome mechanisms of resistance. Summary Novel inhibitors of extra-gonadal androgen synthesis and androgen receptor function demonstrate the continued importance of androgen signaling in CRPC. These agents have improved clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic CRPC.
Large-scale 3D inversion of Bathurst Mining Camp gravity gradiometry data

Airborne gravity or gravity gradiometry surveys typically contain hundreds to thousands of line kilometers of data with measurement locations every few meters. The goal of 3D inversion of airborne gravity and/or gravity gradiometry (AGG) data is to recover the density distribution in a 3D earth model at an appropriate level of resolution and detail for subsequent use in geological interpretation. This is a challenging problem for a number of reasons. First, as mentioned, airborne surveys are characterized by very large data volumes. Second, the 3D modeling of large-scale surveys is a computationally challenging problem. In this paper, we discuss how these difficulties can be overcome by using a number of innovations, more specifically, the moving sensitivity domain approach, focusing regularization, and massively parallel computer implementation. We illustrate our method with an example of 3D inversion of AGG data collected by Bell Geospace over the Bathurst Mining Camp in New Brunswick, Canada.
A mixed lithium-sodium gradient buffer system for single-column amino acid chromatography

Summary A mixed lithium-sodium citrate buffer gradient suitable for single-column chromatographic separation of complex mixtures of amino acids and related compounds is reported. Replacement of lithium with sodium citrate buffer of proper pH and concentration in one chamber of a nine-chamber Autograd caused marked, disproportionate advancement of several compounds and gave improved distribution of peaks in the basic amino acids region. Use of sodium rather than lithium for all except the first buffer in automated amino acid chromatography may prove a preferable approach in terms of comparative costs, available purity, number of supply sources, and environmental pollution concerns.
Prolactin receptors in mouse liver: species differences in response to estrogenic stimulation.

SummarySerum PRL and hepatic PRL receptors were measured in intact and OVX mice and OVX mice given several doses of EB, OVX significantly increased PRL binding in the liver of female mice, and EB reduced receptors to intact or below intact levels. It was concluded that estrogen decreases PRL receptors in the liver of female mice. This is a striking contrast to the stimulatory effect of estrogen on hepatic PRL receptors in male and female rats. EB elevated serum PRL in OVX mice, but since other investigators reported that PRL does not alter hepatic PRL receptors in female mice, it appears likely that estrogen reduced PRL binding sites by a direct effect on the liver. However, an indirect effect cannot be excluded. In male mice, estrogen increased PRL receptors in the liver as in male rats.The present data demonstrate important species differences between female rats and female mice in estrogenic control of hepatic PRL receptors. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of estrogen in female mice, and its stimulator...
Research on treatment of sewage by electrochemical oxidation

Disposing sewage by electrochemical oxidation was studied in this paper.The factors affecting COD and turbidity such as concentration of electrolyte,electricity density,pH,reaction temperature,diverse electrode have been studied experimentally.The experiment shows that the optimum condition of sewage treatment as follows: concentration of electrolyte is 45 g/L,pH value 8,electricity is 60 mA/m2,and temperature is 22 ℃,anode RuSn,cathode uses stainless steel.Under this optimized condition,the removal of COD is 86.22%,removal of turbidity is 80%.Besides,SS is wiped off 94%and germ 99%.
RESEARCH ON DESULFURIZATION OF STRAIGHT-RUN DIESEL BY LIQUID-LIQUID CATALYTIC OXIDATION

Aiming at the technical and economical problems in diesel hydrodesulfurization technique which include high equipment investment and operation cost and problems in hydro peroxide oxidation desulfurization method such as expensive oxidant, low diesel yield and sulfur containing sewage emission, a new catalytic oxidation desulfurization method of straight-run diesel has been developed. At atmospheric pressure and low temperature, the straight-run diesel is catalyzed by a liquid catalyst TS-2 and oxidized by air, and then the oxidized diesel is extracted by a composite extracting solvent EA-5 and adsorbed by clay to remove the sulfide. Results have shown that under optimal conditions, i.e. 60℃, 0.1MPa, 5min and volume ratio of catalyst/diesel is 0.1, the total sulfur content of diesel can be reduced from 1658μg/g to 133μg/g, the yield of diesel can reach 97.5% and the sulfur content of refined diesel can meet the second classification standard of “World fuel specification”. Compared with other existing diesel desulfurization methods, the advantages of the method are low investment and operation cost, moderate operating conditions and no waste emission.
Are all neonatal seizures true epileptic seizures

The study of neonatal seizures, using time-synchronized video and electroencephalographic/polygraphic monitoring, has challenged the concept that all abnormal stereotypic behavior and motor activities in neonates should be considered epileptic. The use of anticonvulsants for the treatment of nonepileptic phenomena is inappropriate. In recent years, the etiologic distribution has changed: cerebrovascular accidents are recognized more often, whereas the percentage of seizures of unknown origin has significantly decreased.
The Lorentz Transformation of Time and Space

The example I saw before me was thermodynamics. The general principle was there given in the theorem: the laws of nature are such that it is impossible to construct a perpetuum mobile (of the first and second kind). How, then, could such a universal principle be found? After ten years of reflection such a principle resulted from a paradox upon which I had already hit at the age of sixteen: If I pursue a beam of light with the velocity c (velocity of light in a vacuum), I should observe such a beam of light as a spatially oscillatory electromagnetic field at rest. However, there seems to be no such thing, whether on the basis of experience or according to Maxwell's equations. From the very beginning it appeared to me intuitively clear that, judged from the standpoint of such an observer, everything would have to happen according to the same laws as for an observer who, relative to the earth, was at rest. For how, otherwise, should the first observer know, i.e., be able to determine, that he is in a state of fast uniform motion?
A Protein-Based Genetic Screening Uncovers Mutants Involved in Phytochrome Signaling in Arabidopsis

Plants perceive red and far-red region of the light spectrum to regulate photomorphogenesis through a family of photoreceptors called phytochromes. Phytochromes transduce the light signals to trigger a cascade of downstream gene regulation in part via a subfamily of bHLH transcription factors called Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs). As the repressors of light signaling pathways, most PIFs are phosphorylated and degraded through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway in response to light. The mechanisms involved in the phosphorylation and degradation of PIFs have not been fully understood yet. Here we used an EMS mutagenesis and luminescent imaging system to identify mutants defective in the degradation of one of the PIFs, called PIF1. We identified five mutants named stable PIF (spf) that showed reduced degradation of PIF1 under light treatment in both luminescent imaging and immunoblot assays. The amounts of PIF1 in spf3, spf4 and spf5 were similar to a PIF1 missense mutant (PIF1-3M) that lacks interactions between PIF1 and phyA/phyB under light. The hypocotyl lengths of spf1 and spf2 were slightly longer under red light compared to the LUC-PIF1 control, while only spf1 displayed weak phenotype under far-red light conditions. Interestingly, the spf3, spf4 and spf5 displayed high abundance of PIF1, yet the hypocotyl lengths were similar to the wild type under these conditions. Cloning and characterization of these mutants will help identify key players in the light signaling pathways including, the light-regulated kinase(s) and the E3 ligase(s) necessary for the light-induced degradation of PIFs.
Delimiting Fiduciary Status

A familiar problem to scholars of fiduciary law is that of definition. Fiduciary law has been called “messy,” “elusive,” and “unusually vexing.” In part, this is because fiduciary law principles appear in many areas of law, but are applied differently in each. This has made the development of a unified theory difficult. Some scholars have doubted whether it is even possible; others have insisted that it is not possible. Nevertheless, scholars continue to try to bring order to the perceived chaos. My goal in this short paper will be to sketch out the contours of a reasonably coherent theory that covers enough phenomena to have a plausible claim to descriptive accuracy while also providing objective criteria for the exclusion of marginal cases. While a simple definition would be nice, some complexity may be necessary in order to achieve this goal.
How i treat resistant cytomegalovirus infection in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant complication in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. Four antiviral drugs are used for preventing or treating CMV: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. With prolonged and repeated use of these drugs, CMV can become resistant to standard therapy, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, especially in HCT recipients. Antiviral drug resistance should be suspected when CMV viremia (DNAemia or antigenemia) fails to improve or continue to increase after 2 weeks of appropriately dosed and delivered antiviral therapy. CMV resistance is diagnosed by detecting specific genetic mutations. UL97 mutations confer resistance to ganciclovir and valganciclovir, and a UL54 mutation confers multidrug resistance. Risk factors for resistance include prolonged or previous anti-CMV drug exposure or inadequate dosing, absorption, or bioavailability. Host risk factors include type of HCT and degree of immunosuppression. Depending on the genotyping results, multiple strategies can be adopted to treat resistant CMV infections, albeit no randomized clinical trials exist so far, after reducing immunosuppression (if possible): ganciclovir dose escalation, ganciclovir and foscarnet combination, and adjunct therapy such as CMV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infusions. Novel therapies such as maribavir, brincidofovir, and letermovir should be further studied for treatment of resistant CMV.
Impact of cetuximab on chemoradiation use in older patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

6594 Background: The benefit of chemoradiation (CTRT) in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) declines in older and sicker patients. In 2006, the FDA approved cetuximab in...
Will Serverless End the Dominance of Linux in the Cloud

From the inception of the cloud, running multi-tenant workloads has put strain on the Linux kernel's abstractions. After years of having its abstractions bypassed via virtualization, the kernel has responded with a native container abstraction that is eagerly being applied in the cloud. In this paper, we point out that history is repeating itself: with the introduction of serverless computing, even the native container abstraction is ill-suited. We show that bypassing the kernel with unikernels can yield at least a factor of 6 better latency and throughput. Facing a more complex kernel than ever and a relatively undemanding computing model, we must revisit the question of whether the kernel should try to adapt, we should continue bypassing the kernel, or if it is finally time to try a new native OS for this important future cloud workload.