cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preserving time in large-scale communication traces

Analyzing the performance of large-scale scientific applications is becoming increasingly difficult due to the sheer size of performance data gathered. Recent work on scalable communication tracing applies online interprocess compression to address this problem. Yet, analysis of communication traces requires knowledge about time progression that cannot trivially be encoded in a scalable manner during compression. We develop scalable time stamp encoding schemes for communication traces.At the same time, our work contributes novel insights into the scalable representation of time stamped data. We show that our representations capture sufficient information to enable what-if explorations of architectural variations and analysis for path-based timing irregularities while not requiring excessive disk space. We evaluate the ability of several time-stamped compressed MPI trace approaches to enable accurate timed replay of communication events. Our lossless traces are orders of magnitude smaller, if not near constant size, regardless of the number of nodes while preserving timing information suitable for application tuning or assessing requirements of future procurements. Our results prove time-preserving tracing without loss of communication information can scale in the number of nodes and time steps, which is a result without precedent.
Mechanisms of brine-side mass transfer in a horizontal reverse osmosis tubular membrane

The desalination performance of a tubular reverse osmosis membrane was studied under well-defined hydrodynamic conditions. Experimental measurements were made of local mass transfer rates in a 2.31-cm I.D. × 81-cm long horizontal cellulose acetate membrane at 16 locations along the tube length for both laminar and turbulent flows. The membrane's intrinsic permeability to water and NaCl was found to vary significantly along its productive length. The experiments suggest that the dominant transport mechanisms in laminar flow are forced convection in the upstream region and combined free and forced convection in the downstream region, beyond a distance of approximately 16 tube diameters, for all feed concentrations studied. The Deissler analogy applies well to the turbulent region for Re ≧ 104; however, it increasingly overpredicts performance as Re is decreased below 104. The experimental results of other workers are interpreted successfully in terms of the mechanisms deduced in the present work.
Wood Grain Pattern Formation: A Brief Review

In trees, new wood develops from a layer of stem cells called the vascular cambium. A subpopulation of cambial cells—the fusiform initials—are elongated and capable of coordinated reorientation in response to internal and external stimuli. Changes in the orientation of fusiform initials in turn leads to changes in the grain pattern of developing wood. This article reviews the phenomenon of cambial orientation, with an emphasis on a recent computer model that takes the plant hormone auxin as the orienting signal. New model results are presented that demonstrate the surprisingly complex grain patterns that can emerge from simple initial conditions, in qualitative agreement with similar patterns found in wood. Lastly, an alternative theory of wood grain pattern that takes mechanical stress as the orienting signal is critically evaluated.
Synthesis of Benzofurans by the Action of Copper on Terminal Alkynes and O-Halophenols

Abstract Cuprous acetylides react with aryl halides to yield aryl acetylenes and with o-halophenols to give benzofurans.1,2 The broad scope of this latter reaction for the synthesis of benzofuran natural products is shown by application inter alia to norlignans,3 euparinoids,4 phytoalexins,5 furanocoumarins,6 fomannoxin,7 isotubaic acid8 and machicendiol.
US corporate public relations in the progressive era

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the concept of public relations in the progressive era to gain a greater understanding of the historical development of corporate public relations in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides historical analysis of 87 magazine articles dating from 1900 to 1917, which discussed press agentry, publicity, and public relations.Findings – In the early 1900s, publicity meant both legal requirements of corporate disclosure and press exposure of secret corporate activities. The purpose of publicity was to reveal excess and corruption. The term press agent was used in two ways. First, it was used to refer to literary and theatrical press agents, and second, it was used interchangeably with publicity agent to signify individuals hired by corporations to respond to the publicity and explain corporate policies to the public. By the second decade of the twentieth century, corporations, specifically the railroads, were using the term public relations to refer to the p...
Air sampling for hepatitis B surface antigen in a dental operatory

Airborne particles from patients’ mouths were tested to determine whether measurable amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen were generated in dental procedures. A filter-rinse technique was used to sample air in a dental operatory during treatment of patients whose blood was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to determine whether measurable levels of airborne HBsAg were generated during various dental procedures.
Dyspnea and hemoptysis in a 53-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer.

2008;133;1248-1251 Chest John R. Koethe and Alex Y. Chang Woman With a History of Breast Cancer Dyspnea and Hemoptysis in a 53-Year-Old http://chestjournal.org and services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information ). ISSN: 0012-3692. http://www.chestjournal.org/misc/reprints.shtml ( of the copyright holder may be reproduced or distributed without the prior written permission Northbrook IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of this article or PDF by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, 2007 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. Copyright CHEST is the official journal of the American College of Chest
Semantic processing in patients with Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Ten patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and 10 normal controls performed a lexical decision, semantic facilitation task. The performance of the patients differed from that seen in normals. A post hoc subdivision of the data suggested that the deviation from normality was not uniform throughout the patient population. Six of the 10 Alzheimer patients showed an advantage of related primes over unrelated primes, while 4 of the 10 were actually faster in the unrelated condition than in the related condition. Nevertheless, both groups of Alzheimer patients showed lexical decision latency differences between unrelated and related prime words, suggesting that patients with Alzheimer's disease are sensitive to the semantic relationships between words.
Physicochemical changes in phosphorylase kinase induced by its cationic activator Mg2

For over four decades free Mg2+ ions, that is, those in excess of MgATP, have been reported to affect a wide variety of properties of phosphorylase kinase (PhK), including its affinity for other molecules, proteolysis, chemical crosslinking, phosphorylation, binding to certain monoclonal antibodies, and activity, which is stimulated. Additionally, for over three decades Mg2+ has been known to act synergistically with Ca2+, another divalent activator of PhK, to affect even more properties of the enzyme. During all of this time, however, no study has been performed to determine the overall effects of free Mg2+ ions on the physical properties of PhK, even though the effects of Ca2+ ions on PhK's properties are well documented. In this study, changes in the physicochemical properties of PhK induced by Mg2+ under nonactivating (pH 6.8) and activating (pH 8.2) conditions were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy, zeta potential analyses, dynamic light scattering, second derivative UV absorption, negative stain electron microscopy, and differential chemical crosslinking. The effects of the activator Mg2+ on some of the properties of PhK measured by these techniques were found to be quite different at the two pH values, and displayed both differences and similarities with the effects previously reported to be induced by the activator Ca2+ (Liu et al., Protein Sci 2008;17:2111–2119). The similarities may reflect the fact that both cations are activators, and foremost among their similarities is the dramatically less negative zeta potential induced by their binding to PhK.
Enhancement of organic vapor incineration by using ozone

Abstract Incineration of dilute mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCS) in air was studied in an externally heated quartz tube reactor. A dilute stream of ozone (O3) in air was injected into the flowing VOC-in-air stream at various molar ratios of (O3) to VOCS. A number of trials were made to determine the degree of enhancement of the destruction of several VOCs—heptane, isopropanol chlorobenzene, and trichloroethylene. Temperatures studied for heptane destruction ranged from 637°C to 687°C and residence times varied from 0.26 to 0.84 seconds. It was shown that O3 definitely increased the rate of destruction of n-heptane, but apparently had no effect on the other organics tested. At the residence times and temperatures studied, both organic intermediates and CO persisted. The results for n-heptane using O3 were compared with results previously reported for n-heptane using hydrogen peroxide.
Geoacoustic and physical properties of carbonate sediments of the Lower Florida Keys

Near-surface sediment geoacoustic and physical properties were measured from a variety of unconsolidated carbonate sediments in the Lower Florida Keys. Surficial values of compressional and shear speed correlate with sediment physical properties and near-surface acoustic reflectivity. Highest speeds (shear 125–150 m s-1; compressional 1670–1725 m s-1) are from sandy sediments near Rebecca Shoal and lowest speeds (shear 40–65 m s-1; compressional 1520–1570 m s-1) are found in soft, silty sediments which collect in sediment ponds in the Southeast Channel of the Dry Tortugas. High compressional wave attenuation is attributed to scattering of acoustic waves from heterogeneity caused by accumulation of abundant shell material and other impedance discontinuities rather than high intrinsic attenuation. Compared to siliciclastic sediments, carbonate sediment shear wave speed is high for comparable values of sediment physical properties. Sediment fabric, rather than changes due to the effects of biogeochemical processes, is responsible for these differences.
Relativistic Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics in Dynamical Spacetimes: Numerical Methods and Tests

Many systems of current interest in relativistic astrophysics require a knowledge of radiative transfer in a magnetized gas flowing in a strongly curved, dynamical spacetime. Such systems include coalescing compact binaries containing neutron stars or white dwarfs, disks around merging black holes, core-collapse supernovae, collapsars, and gamma-ray burst sources. To model these phenomena, all of which involve general relativity, radiation (photon and/or neutrino), and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), we have developed a general relativistic code capable of evolving MHD fluids and radiation in dynamical spacetimes. Our code solves the coupled Einstein-Maxwell-MHD-radiation system of equations both in axisymmetry and in full 3 + 1 dimensions. We evolve the metric by integrating the BSSN (Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura) equations, and use a conservative, high-resolution shock-capturing scheme to evolve both the MHD and radiation moment equations. In this paper, we implement our scheme for optically thick gases and gray-body opacities. Our code gives accurate results in a suite of tests involving radiating shocks and nonlinear waves propagating in Minkowski spacetime. In addition, to test our code's ability to evolve the relativistic radiation-MHD equations in strong-field dynamical spacetimes, we study "thermal Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse" to a black hole and find good agreement between analytic and numerical solutions.
Impact of lime on the mechanical and mechanistic performance of hot mixed asphalt mixtures

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of hydrated lime on the mechanical and mechanistic performances of typical hot mixed asphalt (HMA) mixture. This research differed from previous studies in several respects. First, since lime is used in HMA primarily for anti-stripping benefits, previous studies rarely quantified lime's other performance benefits. Second, because testing is typically performed on only the HMA mixture being considered for a project, and only as necessary to satisfy specifications, typical studies do not capture the full range of failure modes and environmental stresses. Furthermore, once specifications are met, test results are rarely translated into pavement performance characteristics. This research, by contrast, evaluated two typical HMA mixtures from the northern part of Nevada and two HMA mixtures from the southern part of Nevada used by Nevada Department of Transportation with the most widely accepted laboratory tests. The Hveem mix design method was used for al...
High-speed MSM photodetectors for millimeter waves

This presentation deals with MSM photodetectors and post-detection amplifiers capable of responding at millimeter-wave frequencies. Monolithic integration, incorporating pseudomorphic MODFETs (SMODFETs) as the amplifiers, is used with coplanar waveguide resonant impedance transformers. Interdigitated Schottky barrier metal fingers, with submicron spacing and unique Bragg reflector layers to maximize light absorption, are used for the photodetector. For a 0.5-micron gap detector, a measurement shows a flat frequency response at least up to 40 GHz. Quantum efficiency is expected to be more than 60 percent for a 0.75 micron gap and 0.25 micron finger detector with 0.375 micron absorption layer.
Ideas versus things: the balancing act of interpreting historic house museums

This article explores the balancing act required between ideas and things when creating interpretive plans for historic house museums. While these sites are important features of the American museum landscape, they have tended to uncritically focus on domestic objects and thus reify antiquated ideas regarding gender roles and the home. My archaeological work at a museum‐in‐the‐making, the Matilda Joslyn Gage House, has uncovered a rich array of domestic artefacts. The museum, however, plans to emphasise Gage’s ideas – her leadership in radical reform movements – which begs the question of how archaeology can contribute. I argue that explicit discussion of the meanings given to material culture through their use is the key. Showing how everyday materials, like tea wares, were an integral part of Gage’s radical reform work upends traditional beliefs regarding the place of home and women in society, and furthers the museum’s goal of highlighting the significance of Gage’s work.
Persistence of Morning Anticipation Behavior and High Amplitude Morning Startle Response Following Functional Loss of Small Ventral Lateral Neurons in Drosophila

Light-activated large ventral lateral clock neurons (large LNv) modulate behavioral arousal and sleep in Drosophila while their counterparts, the small LNv (s-LNv) are important for circadian behavior. Recently, it has been proposed that the pattern of day-night locomotor behavioral activity is mediated by two anatomically distinct oscillators composed of a morning oscillator in the small LNv and an evening oscillator in the lateral dorsal neurons and an undefined number of dorsal pacemaker neurons. This contrasts with a circuit described by network models which are not as anatomically constrained. By selectively ablating the small LNv while sparing the large LNv, we tested the relative importance of the small and large LNv for regulating morning behavior of animals living in standard light/dark cycles. Behavioral anticipation of the onset of morning and the high amplitude morning startle response which coincides with light onset are preserved in small LNv functionally-ablated animals. However, the amplitude of the morning behavioral peak is severely attenuated in these animals during the transition from regular light/dark cycles to constant darkness, providing further support that small LNv are necessary for circadian behavior. The large LNv, in combination with the network of other circadian neurons, in the absence of functional small LNv are sufficient for the morning anticipation and the high amplitude light-activated morning startle response.
Atomistic-scale simulations of the initial chemical events in the thermal initiation of triacetonetriperoxide

To study the initial chemical events related to the detonation of triacetonetriperoxide (TATP), we have performed a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In these simulations we used the ReaxFF reactive force field, which we have extended to reproduce the quantum mechanics (QM)-derived relative energies of the reactants, products, intermediates, and transition states related to the TATP unimolecular decomposition. We find excellent agreement between the QM-predicted reaction products and those observed from 100 independent ReaxFF unimolecular MD cookoff simulations. Furthermore, the primary reaction products and average initiation temperature observed in these 100 independent unimolecular cookoff simulations match closely with those observed from a TATP condensed-phase cookoff simulation, indicating that unimolecular decomposition dominates the thermal initiation of the TATP condensed phase. Our simulations demonstrate that thermal initiation of condensed-phase TATP is entropy-driven (rather than enthalpy-driven), since the initial reaction (which mainly leads to the formation of acetone, O_2, and several unstable C_3H_6O_2 isomers) is almost energy-neutral. The O_2 generated in the initiation steps is subsequently utilized in exothermic secondary reactions, leading finally to formation of water and a wide range of small hydrocarbons, acids, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, and alcohols.
Characterization of Ar‘Sn(μ-Br)Sn(Ar‘)CH2C6H4-4-Pri (Ar‘ = C6H3-2,6-Dipp2; Dipp = C6H3-2,6-Pri2): A Stable Structural Analogue for a Heavier Group 14 Element Monobridged Alkene Isomer HM(μ-H)MH2 (M = Sn or Pb)

The title compound is the first stable structural analogue for the monobridged isomer of a heavier group 14 alkene analogue.
Luminescence of dye molecules adsorbed at a Ag surface

The quenching of the luminescence of molecules adsorbed at a smooth Ag surface is offset by the enhancement of the incident and emitted em fields when they are adsorbed at a Ag island film. The observed spectra which exhibit hot and relaxed luminescence components are analyzed in terms of the relevant electronic processes.
Motivation and Transfer: The Role of Mastery-Approach Goals in Preparation for Future Learning

The study of knowledge transfer rarely draws upon motivational constructs in empirical work. We investigated how students' achievement goals interact with different forms of instruction to promote transfer, defined as preparation for future learning (Bransford & Schwartz, 1999) Students were given either invention or tell-and-practice activities when learning statistics concepts and their achievement goal orientations were measured at the beginning of the experiment. We also assessed students' goals during the learning activity. We predicted that students who entered the experiment with a high mastery-approach goal orientation would be more likely to transfer, regardless of instruction. We also hypothesized that invention activities would lead to higher mastery-approach goal adoption for the task and more attention to important conceptual features, as students would focus on trying to understand the material. Finally, because we expected that invention activities would promote mastery goal adoption during...
0.25-μm lithography development using positive mode top surface imaging photoresist

As design rules for ULSI chip sets continue to require sub-O.3j.un resolution for high density patterns the drive toward shorter wavelength (248nm), and higher numerical aperture (<O.5NA) steppers will continue. Process development on these advanced lithography systems is made difficult for a variety of reasons. The first of these is cost, the most modem steppers available today can cost <$5 million per system making it necessary to keep manufacturing cost in check by extending life times to more than one generation chip set. Secondly, working at 248nm and high numerical aperture tends to reduce process latitudes making manufacturing processes inherently more difficult to control. Last but not least, photoresist and antireflective coatings needed for even the simplest processes historically have had major environmental sensitivity problems or material compatibility problems associated with them. These issues have been addressed by such developments as phase shift masks, off axis illumination techniques, and major advances in resist technology. So far these types of cures have proven to be both costly and extremely complicated to implement in a manufacturing environment.
Reduced basal ganglia volumes in Tourette's syndrome using three-dimensional reconstruction techniques from magnetic resonance images

Using a 1.5-tesla GE Signa MR scanner, we imaged the brains of 14 right-handed Tourette9s syndrome (TS) patients (11 men, three women), aged 18 to 49 years, who had minimal lifetime neuroleptic exposure. We also studied an equal number of normal controls individually matched for age, sex, and handedness and group-matched for socioeconomic status. We circumscribed basal ganglia on sequential axial images from spin-echo proton density-weighted acquisitions (TR 1,700, TE 20; slice thickness, 3 mm with 1.5-mm skip) and submitted the images for three-dimensional processing at a computer graphics workstation. Our hypothesis of lenticular nucleus volume reduction in TS was confirmed for the left- but not the right-sided nucleus. Post hoc analyses revealed smaller mean volumes of the caudate, lenticular, and globus pallidus nuclei compared with controls on both the right and left. Further analyses of basal ganglia asymmetry indices suggest that TS basal ganglia do not have the volumetric asymmetry (left greater than right) seen in normal controls. These findings confirm and extend prior phenomenologic, neuropathologic, and neuroradiologic studies that implicate the basal ganglia in the pathogenesis of TS.
Enhanced catecholamine synthesis in the prefrontal cortex after traumatic brain injury: implications for prefrontal dysfunction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)--induced dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex causes many high-level cognitive deficits, including working memory (WM) dysfunction. WM lies at the core of many high-level functions, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its dysfunction are poorly understood. Lesion and pharmacological studies in rodents have implicated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which includes the prelimbic/infralimbic (PL/IL) cortices, in WM tasks. These studies have shown that optimal levels of catecholamine neurotransmission are critical for normalcy of WM function, suggesting that alterations in their synthesis may play a role in WM dysfunction. Using the cortical impact injury model of traumatic brain injury which reproducibly causes working memory deficits in rodents, we have measured the protein levels and activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for catecholamine biosynthesis, and tissue dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) levels in microdissected PL/IL tissues. Our results show that TBI increases TH protein levels, its activity and tissue DA and NE content in the PL/IL. These findings suggest that altered catecholamine signaling within the PL/IL may contribute to impaired PFC function, and may have implications in the design and implementation of strategies to alleviate prefrontal dysfunction in brain injury patients.
Finance industry PAC contributions to U.S. Senators, 1983–88

In this paper, I examine the relationship between campaign contributions from PACs representing the finance industry and membership on sixteen standing committees in the Senate. I hypothesize that finance industry PACs will contribute more to the Banking committee, the Senate committee with the greatest responsibility for developing public policy that affects the finance industry. My results indicate that committee assignment does influence the distribution of finance industry PAC money; the finance industry does give significantly more to members of the Senate Banking committee. This is the first study to find this relationship between PAC contributions and committee membership in the Senate.
On the road and on the Web?: comprehension of synthetic and human speech while driving

In this study 24 participants drove a simulator while listening to three types of messages in both synthesized speech and recorded human speech. The messages consisted of short navigation messages, medium length (approximately 100 words) email messages, and longer news stories (approximately 200 words). After each message the participant was presented with a series of multiple choice questions to measure comprehension of the message. Driving performance was recorded. Findings show that for the low driving workload conditions in the study, (cruise control, predictable two-lane road with no intersections, invariant lead car) driving performance was not affected by listening to messages. This was true for both the synthesized speech and natural speech. Comprehension of messages in synthetic speech was significantly lower than for recorded human speech for all message types.
Pairwise additive model for the He-MgO(100) interaction.

We develop a model, based on pairwise additive He−Mg and He−O interactions, for the potential energy of He adsorbates above a rigid MgO(100) surface. The attractive long-range He−Mg and He−O interactions are assumed to have the form C6/r6, with the C6 coefficients determined from atomic data within the context of the Slater−Kirkwood approximation. The repulsive short-range He−Mg and He−O interactions are assumed to have the form Cp/rp, with the exponent p and the Cp coefficients taken as adjustable parameters. We find that for p = 9, the Cp coefficients can be chosen so that the laterally averaged He−MgO(100) pairwise additive interaction supports low-lying selective adsorption states, some of whose energies agree very well with the states’ apparent energies inferred from experimental measurements. However, for realistic values of the adjustable parameters that define our model, the lateral corrugation of the model pairwise additive He−MgO(100) potential energy surface far exceeds the corrugation that has...
Optimal Replication in Selection Experiments

The efficiency and selection gain of yield trial experiments is affected by experimental design. A larger number of genotypes, G, increases the chances of including markedly superior genotypes, and a larger number of replications, R, reduces errors and thereby increases the chances of correctly identifying truly superior material. But assuming that cost rises approximately as the number of plots GR, containing research cost imposes a tradeoff between G and R. This paper gives tables specifying the number of replications that optimizes selection of genotypes with the highest true yields. It also quantifies the impact of suboptimal choices. Even with an optimal level of replication, the value of a selection experiment rises logarithmically with the number of plots and hence the cost. Since benefits from more data follow this severe law of diminishing returns, statistical strategies for decreasing errors and improving selections are quite important.
BIODYNAMICS OF STEERING WHEEL INDUCED FACIAL TRAUMA

The present study was undertaken to determine the impact biomechanics of the facial skeleton secondary to steering wheel loading. Because of the particular relevance of the zygomatic bony complex in facial trauma during motor-vehicle accidents, tests were conducted by impacting the zygoma using a vertical drop impact test system. Zygoma was impacted once onto either soft or rigid wheel surfaces at velocities of up to 6.7 m/s. Peak impact forces at the cadaver zygoma were computed from the generalized force and deformation histories using matrix transformation principles. Structural abnormalities were assessed using pre- and post-test plain radiography, two-and three-dimensional computed tomography, and defleshing techniques. At impact velocities of 1.7 to 6.7 m/s, the human cadaver zygoma did not exhibit clinically significant fractures if the peak force was below 1335 N for the soft wheel interface and 1153 N for the rigid wheel interface. Consequently, to mitigate facial injuries due to unsupported rim impact, the data from the present study suggests that the peak dynamic force should be kept within these limits.
Vulnerability of Radio-Tagged Northern Pike to Angling

Abstract An effort was made to catch (by angling) three radio-monitored adult northern pike (Esox lucius) during December to document vulnerability of fish to angling when their specific location is known. Ice-fishing techniques were successful in the capture of all three fish with relative ease, thus supporting laws promulgated by fisheries agencies that prohibit the use of telemetry devices attached to or implanted in fish to aid the angler.
Targeted drug development in melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer: BRAF, MEK, and ALK inhibitors

In the past few decades, many advances have been witnessed in the development of personalized molecular therapies, especially in the areas of melanoma and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) among all other medical oncology fields. These therapies can be roughly divided into three categories at present: (1) targeting membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), using either monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), (2) targeting intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and (3) targeting intracellular phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Currently, melanoma research focuses on MAPK pathway, spending efforts to clarify the intricate interactions in RAS–MEK–ERK-signaling cascades, whereas in the field of NSCLC, most achievements have been made targeting RTKs. This review will discuss the recent movements of drug development in these two areas, specifically BRAF and MEK inhibitors in melanoma, and ELM4-ALK inhibitors in lung cancer, along with the mechanisms of drug resistance and potential future strategies.
Development of highly selective casein kinase 1δ/1ε (CK1δ/ε) inhibitors with potent antiproliferative properties.

Abstract The development of a series of potent and highly selective casein kinase 1δ/e (CK1δ/e) inhibitors is described. Starting from a purine scaffold inhibitor (SR-653234) identified by high throughput screening, we developed a series of potent and highly kinase selective inhibitors, including SR-2890 and SR-3029, which have IC50 ⩽ 50 nM versus CK1δ. The two lead compounds have ⩽100 nM EC50 values in MTT assays against the human A375 melanoma cell line and have physical, in vitro and in vivo PK properties suitable for use in proof of principle animal xenograft studies against human cancer cell lines.
Addenda: The Madrid Academy

In an article printed in this journal a short time ago (“On Velazquez and the Liberal Arts,” March, 1978, 69–86) which discussed Velazquez in relation to efforts among painters in Madrid to free themselves from a guildsman's identity, I wrote that it could be conjectured “… that the idea of founding an academy of painting was alive again in court circles during 1628–1633” (p. 82). My conjecture was based on a reading of the court painter Vicencio Carducho's Dialogos de h pintura, being written at the time, which emphasized that the artist was a learned man, or an academic, after the fashion of earlier Italian treatises on the subject. At that writing, I had encountered no further documentary material on the matter beyond the papers of 1606 in the Archivo de Protocolos, Madrid (legajo 2269, fols. 1094ff.), which articulated, apparently for the first time, a desire among painters in the capital for an academic foundation. That conjecture can now be made into a firm statement, thanks to a document in the Act...
Noncanonical Hamiltonian mechanics and its application to magnetic field line flow

A noncanonical Hamiltonian theory of dynamical systems is presented and applied to magnetic field line flow. The theory allows all of the theorems of Hamiltonian mechanics (most importantly, Noether's theorem, relating symmetries and invariants) to be applied to the magnetic field line system. The theory is not restricted to any particular geometry. An elementary derivation of noncanonical Hamiltonian perturbation theory, based on Lie transforms, is also presented. As an example, the perturbation theory is applied to magnetic field line flow in nearly azimuthally symmetric geometry. Other applications are to the adiabatic motion of charged particles.
Addressing Issues of Power, Justice, and Privilege in Literacy Instruction

Tate applauds Rogers's use of teacher research to illustrate how literacy coaches and teachers can approach an accelerative literacy framework with a critical literacy lens. Citing her own work, as well as the work of other critical literacy educators, Tate reminds readers that teacher research is a careful plan that encompasses the power of media, observation, and dialogue and that students are often our best teachers.
WE-C-213AB-02: Preparing for the ABR Initial Certification Board Exam

Starting the process of ABR board certification in medical physics can be complex and overwhelming. The first step is the Initial Certification computer‐based exam, commonly known as Part I. It is important to understand the eligibility requirements and application process, as well as the exam format and topics, to prepare for and pass the exam. The first portion of this talk will discuss current and future exam eligibility requirements and the exam set‐up. The second portion will discuss the exam experience, the wide range of topics potentially covered on the exam, helpful texts, and mock Part I type questions. This talk is not designed to be a comprehensive review of Part I study material. Instead, this presentation will focus on introducing candidates to the exam process, eligibility, study methods and topics. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the prerequisites and application process for the ABR Medical Physics Initial Qualification Examination. 2. Understand the examination format and day‐of testing experience. 3. Learn about potential topics and helpful study materials for the Part 1 examination.
Exploring socio-cultural factors that influence HRD practices in Lebanon

Abstract The field of human resource development (HRD) is not easy to define, whether in the United States or internationally. Understanding of the meaning of HRD varies from country to country based on a number of identifiable factors specific to that country. This paper explores the meaning of HRD in Lebanon through examining relevant ideas about socio-demographic variables such as history, religion, culture, family and gender that affect the Lebanese notion of HRD and of occupational attainment. The paper concludes with an agenda for research to further our understanding of challenges and opportunities for workforce and human resource education in the Lebanon.
Prostate tumor cells with cancer progenitor properties have high telomerase activity and are rapidly killed by telomerase interference.

BACKGROUND Cancer progenitor cells (CPCs) have been postulated to promote treatment resistance and disease progression in prostate and other malignancies. We investigated whether the enzyme telomerase, which is active in cancer cells and in normal stem cells, plays an important role in CPC which can be exploited to neutralize these cells. METHODS We used flow cytometry and assays of gene expression, clonogenicity, and invasiveness to isolate and characterize a putative CPC subpopulation from freshly resected human prostatectomy specimens. Telomerase activity was measured by qPCR-based Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP). Telomerase interference was achieved by ectopic expression of a mutated telomerase RNA construct which reprograms telomerase to generate “toxic” uncapped telomeres. Treated cells were assayed for apoptosis, proliferation in culture, and xenograft tumor formation. RESULTS CPC in prostate tumors expressed elevated levels of genes associated with a progenitor phenotype and were highly clonogenic and invasive. Significantly, CPC telomerase activity was 20- to 200-fold higher than in non-CPC from the same tumors, and CPC were exquisitely sensitive to telomerase interference which induced rapid apoptosis and growth inhibition. Similarly, induction of telomerase interference in highly tumorigenic CPC isolated from a prostate cancer cell line abrogated their ability to form tumor xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Human prostate tumors contain a CPC subpopulation with markedly elevated telomerase activity which renders them acutely susceptible to telomerase interference. These findings offer the first tumor-derived and in vivo evidence that telomerase may constitute a CPC “Achilles heel” which may ultimately form the basis for more effective new CPC-targeting therapies. Prostate 71:1390–1400, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Fullerene-coated beads as reusable catalysts.

New heterogeneous catalysts that use oxygen and light to generate singlet oxygen (1O2) have been prepared. The catalysts facilitate various types of singlet oxygenation reactions including the Ene reaction, the Diels−Alder reaction, and others. The catalysts are made by stirring a heterogeneous mixture of fullerene-C60 (dissolved in toluene) with aminomethylated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) beads. Also, catalysts for aqueous photooxidations are made by reacting the initial catalysts with poly(allylamine) to create an outer layer that is more hydrophilic.
Thermal modeling and experimental characterization of the C4/surface-mount-array interconnect technologies

This paper presents various thermal management options available for controlled collapse chip connection (C4) die attached to a ceramic surface mount array (SMA) substrate, as they apply to low end/midrange computer products. The Motorola 88110 RISC microprocessor was used as a thermal test vehicle to verify theoretical models, for a limited set of boundary conditions. A thermal test board was designed to accommodate the 25 mm substrate and its use will be discussed. The focus is the internal package resistance and the effects of parameters such as: the 64 bumps, the thermal paste, and the thermal paste thickness, However, the die junction-to-ambient resistance is presented for attached commercially-available heat sinks convectively cooled (to 4 m/s) for typical workstation computer-systems operational constraints. >
TEMPORAL LEONTIEF INVERSE

Interest in structural change over time has created a demand for analytical tools that can assist in exploiting trends and uncover tendencies in individual sectors or parts of sectors within the context of an economywide system of accounts. This paper offers an alternative approach and is designed to be used with annual input-output or social accounting systems. To date, analysts have been faced with the prospect of conducting simple comparative static approaches or the enormity of the task involved in constructing dynamic models with complex lead and lag structures. The temporal Leontief inverse, introduced in this paper, offers a less complex, more tractable method for examining structural change when a time series of input-output tables is available. The method draws upon some earlier work that proposed the notion of a field of influence of change and explored alternative methods of decomposition of change.
Compressed sensing based analytical modeling for Through-Silicon-Via pairs

Through-Silicon-Vias (TSVs) are the critical enabling technique for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). While there are a few existing works in literature to model the electrical performance of TSVs, they are either for fixed geometry or in lack of accuracy. In this paper, we use compressed sensing technique to model the electrical performance of TSV pairs. Experimental results indicate that with an exceptionally small number of samples, our model has a maximum relative error of 3.94% compared with full-wave simulations over a wide range of geometry parameters and frequencies.
Comparison of Lorentz and Coulomb gauge formulations for transverse-electric wave scattering by two-dimensional surfaces of arbitrary shape in the presence of a circular cylinder

Two forms of the so-called mixed-potential electric field integral equation (MPIE) are developed for two-dimensional perfectly conducting (PC) surfaces of arbitrary shape in the presence of an infinite PC cylinder of circular cross section subject to transverse-electric (TE) excitation. One of the MPIEs is based on the Coulomb gauge; the other uses the Lorentz gauge. In either case, the effect of the cylinder is incorporated in the integral equation by means of the appropriate Green's functions, leaving the current distribution on the arbitrary surface as the only unknown. The Green's functions are derived by the eigenfunction expansion technique. An existing well-established moment method procedure is adapted to solve both forms of the MPIE numerically. Computed results are presented for several cases of interest, and the relative merits of the Coulomb and Lorentz gauge MPIEs are discussed. >
The Living Experience of Difficulty Telling the Truth A Parse Method Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the living experience of difficulty telling the truth. Parse’s research method was used to answer the question: What is the structure of the living experience of difficulty telling the truth? The participants were 9 nurses and 1 physician. The central finding of the study is the structure: difficulty telling the truth is uncomfortable dialogues with knowing silences arise with anguishing deliberations anticipating potential adversity, while contemplating intentional withholding gives rise to calm acquiescence. The findings are discussed in relation to the humanbecoming school of thought and extant literature.
Adduction arytenopexy, hypopharyngoplasty, medialization laryngoplasty, and cricothyroid subluxation for the treatment of paralytic dysphonia and dysphagia

Vocal fold paralysis is a common disorder of variable etiology. The resultant dysphonia and dysphagia can result in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life for the afflicted patient. Numerous surgical procedures have been developed to improve voice and swallowing, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Selection of the most appropriate procedure is determined in part an assessment of the position of the arytenoid cartilage, as proper realignment of vocal fold height and length may be critical to restoration of phonatory function. While arytenoid adduction has been employed traditionally to address arytenoid position, adduction arytenopexy coupled with cricothyroid subluxation may provide enhanced aerodynamic efficiency compared to arytenoid adduction. Hypopharyngoplasty can be easily performed concurrently, which through plication of the flaccid and non-functional ipsilateral pyriform sinus, can provide significant improvement in the salivary pooling and dysphagia which often accompanies recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction. This paper will address the indications, advantages, and surgical technique of adduction arytenopexy, cricothyroid subluxation, and hypopharyngoplasty.
The effects of stereotype suppression on psychiatric stigma.

The effects of stereotype suppression on psychiatric stigma were investigated in two studies. In experiment 1, 52 participants were presented with a photograph of someone labeled with schizophrenia and instructed to write a passage describing a day in that person's life. Half of the participants were instructed to avoid using schizophrenia-related stereotypes in their passages (the stereotype suppression condition). Participants were then presented with a photograph of a different individual labeled with schizophrenia and asked to write another passage with stereotype suppression instructions omitted. The results showed that while stereotype suppression occurred for the first passage, the expected rebound effects were not observed in the second passage. Furthermore, the results were unchanged when participants' prior experience with persons with mental illness was considered. In a second study, the effects of stereotype suppression on behavior (i.e. seating distance from a person with schizophrenia) were examined in 58 participants. While the stereotype suppression instructions resulted in less stereotypical passages, replicating the results of study 1, no rebound effects on behavior were observed. A non-significant trend was observed whereby previous contact with persons with mental illness was associated with less social distance from someone with schizophrenia. Implications of the findings for reducing psychiatric stigma are discussed.
A FORMULA FOR THE A-POLYNOMIAL OF TWIST KNOTS

The fundamental group of a 2-bridge knot has a particularly nice presentation, having only two generators and a single relation. For certain families of 2-bridge knots, such as the torus knots, or the twist knots, the relation takes on an especially simple form. Exploiting this form, we derive a formula for the A-polynomial of twist knots. Our methods extend to at least one other infinite family of (non-torus) 2-bridge knots. Using these formulae we determine the associated Newton polygons. We further prove that the A-polynomials of twist knots are irreducible.
Convex-Optimization-Based Enforcement of Robust BIBO Stability on the AIC Scheme Using a Modified RLS Algorithm

This paper addresses the issues relating to the enforcement of robust BIBO (linfin) stability when implementing the adaptive inverse control (AIC) scheme for noise cancellation. In this scheme, an adaptive FIR-form filter is added to a closed-loop system in order to reduce the output error caused by external disturbances. A small-gain-theorem-based sufficient stability condition, which accounts for the feedback interaction between the time-varying adaptive filter and the unmodeled dynamics existing in the closed-loop plant, is derived. This condition leads to the formulation of a constrained convex optimization problem solvable recursively using a modified RLS algorithm that preserves the converge properties of the original RLS algorithm
CT colonography: false-negative interpretations.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate if false-negative interpretations at computed tomographic (CT) colonography are due to observer error. Materials and Methods: This study was HIPAA compliant and had institutional review board approval, with waiver of informed consent. An initial unblinded review of CT colonographic image data was used to generate reconciliation reports for all false-negative polyp candidates 6.0 mm or larger. These findings were then verified by two experienced readers. After reports from the original study and reconciliation reports were reviewed, errors were classified as observer (measurement or perceptual) errors, technical errors (eg, those caused by insufficient distention, fluid), or not reconcilable. Per-polyp and per-patient sensitivity values were calculated for adenomas 6.0 mm or larger in the original data set and again by assuming elimination of technical and observer errors. Results: Of the original data set of 228 available polyps, 147 were adenomas; for this subgroup, t...