cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhythmic patterns during conversational repairs in speakers with aphasia

Background: Investigations of prosodic tempos during conversations between non‐disordered persons have revealed changes in tempo during conversational repairs. The present study investigates fluctuations in prosodic parameters of speakers with aphasia during conversational repairs to study how changes in prosodic tempo are associated with the speakers' ability to make comprehensible corrections. Aims: Previous investigators have found that non‐disordered speakers will alter prosodic tempo based on the type of repair: faster for self‐initiated repairs and slower for other‐initiated repairs (Couper‐Kuhlen, 1993). Others have shown that speech rate can influence the comprehension of verbal information by persons with aphasia during structured interactions such as in story telling or map directions (Laskey, Weidner, & Johnson, 1976; Salvatore & Davis, 1979). This study examines changes in prosodic patterns made by speakers with aphasia during repair episodes in informal conversations with non‐disordered partn...
Perivascular and Diffuse Lymphocytic Inflammation are not Specific for Failed Metal-on-metal Hip Implants

Several studies suggest that histologic findings from tissues obtained at revision arthroplasty for failed metal-on-metal (MOM) total hip implants may reflect an immune reaction to particles or ions in some patients. However, only a limited number of cases without MOM implants were reported as controls in those studies. The purpose of this study is to better define the extent and distribution of morphologic features attributed to an immune reaction in tissues sampled at revision surgery for failed nonMOM THA. As part of a multicenter, prospective study, we reviewed 612 capsular and interface tissues obtained from 130 patients at revision THA. The samples were selected from periacetabular regions (154 samples from 103 patients), femoral implant/cement-bone interface (154 samples from 79 patients), and from areas of the joint capsule that had an intraoperative gross appearance suggesting the possibility of either infection or metallosis (256 samples from 129 patients). All patients had more than one sample obtained. The extent and distribution of lymphocytes and plasma cells, acute inflammation, and visible particles of debris were graded using criteria similar to those described to grade inflammation around failed MOM implants. We identified perivascular lymphocytes in 111 biopsy samples taken from 65 (50%) of 130 patients, and in 87 specimens from 57 (53%) of 107 patients thought to have aseptic loosening. Diffusely distributed lymphocytes were identified in 86 (66%) of 130 patients, and in 66 (62%) of the 107 hips with aseptic loosening, although few had the highest grade of inflammation. Increasing extent of diffuse and perivascular lymphocytes correlated with increasing extent of metal particles. Mild lymphocytic inflammation, diffuse and especially perivascular, is common in tissues around failed nonMOM implants. Although extensive inflammation in an inflammatory pseudotumor pattern is rare, it does occur in some cases of failed metal-polyethylene hip arthroplasties. The importance of inflammation is unknown, but the extent of diffuse inflammation shows a positive correlation with metal debris, so it could reflect a reaction to particles or ions in some patients.
Exocrine Pancreatic Function in Protein-Deficient Patas Monkeys Studied by Means of a Test Meal and an Indirect Pancreatic Function Test

Exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in 9 patas monkeys before and during protein depletion, and in 4 of them also during recovery from protein depletion. Pancreatic function was estimated by measuring enzymatic activities in the duodenal contents after a test meal and by determination of urinary excretion of p -aminobenzoic acid (pancreatic function test) after oral ingestion of the chymotrypsin-labile peptide N -benzoyl-L-tyrosyl- p -aminobenzoic acid. The average serum albumin dropped by 34.8% to 2.6 g per 100 ml. Significant decrease of trypsin, lipase, amylase, and chymotrypsin was observed in the duodenal samples during protein deficiency. Urinary excretion of p -aminobenzoic acid was also reduced significantly. The two tests correlated well. In 3 of 4 animals, recovery of pancreatic function was noted after refeeding a full protein diet. Pancreatic atrophy was noted in 2 animals which died. The study shows that exocrine pancreatic secretion can be seriously impaired even at a moderate protein deficiency and may not be reversible in all instances. Therefore, function tests have to be evaluated with caution when hypoproteinemia, i.e., hypoalbuminemia, is present.
Functional ECO automation challenges and solutions

Late Register Transfer language (RTL) changes also called as Engineering Change Orders (ECOs) pose a big challenge to the design community. This is due to the reason that the ECO changes are to be made directly in the final converged netlist which differs significantly with the RTL due to optimization and convergence. Since the ECOs are done very close to tape out, these are time critical missions and any inefficiency in implementation will directly impact the cost of the product. This is the motivation behind the automation solutions that exist today for solving the functional ECO problem. A successful ECO is not only measured based on the functional equivalence with the new RTL but also on the quality of the ECO changes made. If the ECO tool inserts a lot of new logic in the converged netlist resulting in routing congestion and timing issues, it may not be possible to implement the ECO though the final netlist passes Functional Verification (FV). Thus there are a few criteria to successfully implement a functional ECO. This paper discusses the ECO challenges and reviews the criteria for a successful functional ECO solution. It also consolidates the ideas that will help to solve the issues that happen during a functional ECO.
Development of the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey (PTOPS)

Background and Purpose. The purposes of this 3-phase study were (1) to identify the underlying components of outpatient satisfaction in physical therapy and (2) to develop a test that would yield reliable and valid measurements of these components. Subjects. Three samples, consisting of 177, 257, and 173 outpatients from 21 facilities, were used in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Methods and Results. In phase 1, principal component analyses (PCAs), reliability checks, and correlations with social desirability scales were used to reduce a pool of 98 items to 32 items. These analyses identified a 5-component model of outpatient satisfaction in physical therapy. The phase 2 PCA, with a revised pool of 48 items, indicated that 4 components rather than 5 components represented the best model and resulted in the 34-item Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey (PTOPS). Factor analyses conducted with phase 2 and phase 3 data supported this conclusion and provided evidence for the internal validity of the PTOPS scores. The 4-component scales were labeled “Enhancers,” “Detractors,” “Location,” and “Cost.” Responses from subsamples of phase 3 subjects provided evidence for validity of scores in that the PTOPS components of “Enhancers,” “Detractors,” and “Cost” appeared to differentiate overtly satisfied patients from overtly dissatisfied patients. “Location” and “Enhancer” scores discriminated subjects with excellent attendance at scheduled physical therapy sessions from those with poor attendance. Conclusion and Discussion. In this study, we identified components of outpatient satisfaction in physical therapy and used them to develop a test that would yield valid and reliable measurements of these components.
Human Motion Prediction for Indoor Mobile Relay Networks

When a robotic team is deployed to provide sensing and communication support for human activities, it is crucial that the robotic team be able to not only react to the current perceived location of the human of interest, but also predict his/her future locations. In this work we present a novel approach to predicting human motion in indoor environments. Our approach consists of an offline pre-processing phase, in which we analyze a map of the indoor environment and identify distinct areas of interest, such as rooms, and a run-time phase, in which we maintain hypotheses of destinations and probabilistically update these hypotheses based on observations of the human's motion. Our approach creates a probability distribution over future locations for the human user at each time step in the future. Such predictions can be used for the robotic team to effectively track and relay information from the human user to the base station.
A hierarchical design of an application-specific instruction set processor for high-throughput FFT

This paper presents a novel hierarchical design of an application-specific instruction set processor (ASIP) tailored for Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT), a kernel data transformation task in digital communication systems, to meet the stringent requirements on throughput and flexibility. We reconstruct the FFT computation flow into a scalable array structure based on an 8-point butterfly unit (BU). The array can easily expand along both the horizontal and vertical dimensions for any-point FFT computation, and contains the same structure for each horizontal stage. We incorporate custom register files to reduce memory access, and derive a regular data addressing rule accordingly. With the microarchitecture modifications, we extend the instruction set with three custom instructions. Our FFT ASIP implementation achieves a data throughput improvement of 866.5×, 5.9×, 2.3× over the standard FFT software implementation, one TI DSP processor, and one commercial ASIP - Xtensa's implementation, respectively. Meanwhile, the area and power consumption overhead of the custom hardware is acceptable.
Validation of a Patient-Centered, Culturally Sensitive, Clinic Environment Inventory Using a National Sample of Adult Patients

The purpose of this study was to determine the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and validity of the Tucker Culturally Sensitive Health Care Clinic Environment Inventory–Patient F...
How to select the best tree planting locations to enhance air pollution removal in the MillionTreesNYC initiative

Highest priority zones for tree planting within New York City were selected by using a planting priority index developed combining three main indicators: pollution concentration, population density and low canopy cover. This new tree population was projected through time to estimate potential air quality and carbon benefits. Those trees will likely remove more than 10,000 tons of air pollutants and a maximum of 1500 tons of carbon over the next 100 years given a 4% annual mortality rate. Cumulative carbon storage will be reduced through time as carbon loss through tree mortality outweighs carbon accumulation through tree growth. Model projections are strongly affected by mortality rate whose uncertainties limit estimations accuracy. Increasing mortality rate from 4 to 8% per year produce a significant decrease in the total pollution removal over a 100 year period from 11 000 tons to 3000 tons.
The influence of detergents on the solubility of membrane proteins.

The relationship between the effect of detergents and amphiphiles on protein solubility and their use in crystallization solutions was examined for the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Measurement by a centrifugation assay of the solubility of the reaction center as a function of ionic strength revealed dramatic differences in the intrinsic solubility at zero ionic strength in the presence of various detergents and amphiphiles. High protein-solubility values were found for β-octyl glucoside and for lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide with heptanetriol. The solubility differences are interpreted in terms of fundamental properties such as the polarity of the detergent molecules. Conditions that resulted in high protein solubility correspond to conditions that have been shown to be successful for crystallization of the reaction center. These results suggest that crystallization is favored for detergents and amphiphiles that optimize the solubility of integral membrane proteins.
The effect of cesium-containing leucite additions on the thermal and mechanical properties of two leucite-based porcelains

It has been demonstrated that a Cs2O-stabilized leucite porcelain was susceptible to a stress-induced phase transformation, but toughening was not observed. 1 It was hypoth- esized that if Cs2O-stabilized leucite core particles were added to a cesium-free matrix porcelain, selected or designed to enhance the toughening mechanism, toughening would occur. A commercial porcelain (VP) and a synthesized leucite-based porcelain (NP) were the matrix materials. Core particles of Cs2O (0.0 -2.0 mol%) containing synthetic leucite were mixed with the two cesium-free matrix porcelains and vacuum fired into specimens for testing. The toughness of both types of matrix-based materials was dependent upon cesium content of the added core particles with a maximum toughness reached for those containing 0.75 mol% Cs2O. The toughness of the 0.75 mol% specimens (1.42 MNm 3/2 for VP based and 2.15 MNm 3/2 for NP based) was statistically (p < .02) higher than either of the matrix materials alone or the matrix materials containing added core particles of synthetic cesium-free leucite. However, the toughest materials (0.75 mol% Cs2O) were not the strongest materials, most likely because of large internal flaws. The results suggested that transformation toughening was possible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 69B: 195-204, 2004
Spectral-encoded UWB communication systems: real-time implementation and interference suppression

This paper considers a particular implementation of an ultra-wideband communication system that uses spectral encoding as both the multiple-access scheme and the interference-suppression technique. The main advantage of this technique is that the transmitted signal spectrum can be conveniently shaped to suppress narrowband interference and to not cause noticeable interference to overlaid systems. An extensive analysis of a possible implementation of this system by using surface acoustic-wave models is presented, and general expressions for the system performance are obtained. Numerical results show that a significant improvement in the system performance is obtained when the proposed interference-suppression method is used.
Extreme13 C enrichments in a shallow hypereutrophic lake: Implications for carbon cycling

An analysis of stable carbon isotope (d 13 C) ratios in Lake Apopka, Florida, reveals extreme 13 C enrichments of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pools in the water column and sediment pore water of this shallow polymictic and hypereutrophic lake. The sediment pore water had high average d 13 C of DIC (26.4‰), DIC (8.37 mmol L 21 ), and methane (CH4) concentrations (1.23 mmol L 21 ). The extreme 13 C enrichment in the sediment pore-water DIC pool is attributed to methanogenesis, which produces 13 C-rich carbon dioxide (CO2) and 13 C-poor CH4 during the bacterial fermentation of organic matter. The d 13 C in the water-column DIC pool ranged from 5‰ to 13‰ with an average of 9.0‰. The flux-weighted d 13 C from the DIC due to external loading and sediment respiration was estimated as 212‰, whereas the d 13 C from particulate organic carbon (POC) due to water-column production was 213‰. The 13 C enrichment in the water column is attributed directly to the diffusion and advection of isotopically heavy DIC from the sediment and to the isotopic fractionation by phytoplankton photosynthesis and is attributed indirectly to the removal of isotopically light CH 4 by ebullition and organic matter by sedimentation and outflow. Atmospheric invasion and sedimentation were the most important source and sink, respectively, in the carbon mass balance. CH4 oxidation, atmospheric invasion, anaerobic respiration, and sedimentation are the important flux terms affecting the isotopic mass balance. A combination of shallow water depth, frequent wind mixing, anoxic sediments with high rates of methanogenesis, high phytoplankton productivity, and lack of external loading dominated by terrestrial carbon led to the 13 C enrichment of the water-column DIC pool in Lake Apopka. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in aquatic ecosystems is often the major carbon source for photosynthesis and is maintained by several mechanisms that include, but are not limited to, atmospheric invasion, terrestrial runoff, stream and underground inputs, and oxidation of organic matter from the water column and sediments. Anaerobic decomposition of sedimentary organic matter via methanogenesis also can play an important role in the carbon cycle of eutrophic lakes. This process produces two gaseous forms of carbon compounds, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). CH4 released from the sediments can be oxidized to form CO2 under aerobic conditions and provides a significant in
Church and State: The Origins & Implications of Separate Jurisdictional Spheres

This article explores the early development of the concept of separation of Church and State. Although many today may think of the concept as an innovation of the United States and the "American experiment," it is instead a concept which emerged part and parcel with the Christian Church. Within decades of imperial recognition of the Church as an institution, the Church began breaking free from the traditional mold in antiquity, in which the State was a political, ethical and religious unity. To great thinkers within the Church, the nature of the Church itself compelled separation from the State. Yet, a level of collaboration existed and Church influence on certain aspects of secular government was accepted as necessary and appropriate. As society today struggles with the many questions associated with the relationship between Church and State, it is useful to review the early Church's stance on the issue and the reasons underlying that position. A key insight from such reflection is that the early Church's success in having a meaningful impact on secular society was closely tied to the Church's understanding of the nature of the Church itself - and its ability to effectuate and give life to that understanding.
The Impact of the Closing of DeWitt State Hospital

Conditions that promote the closure of state hospitals for the mentally ill and mentally retarded prevail throughout the nation. Declining inpatient populations, a growing emphasis on community programs, the high overhead cost of large institutions, and the limited funds available for mental health programs make closing mental hospitals an increasingly viable alternative.
Full Potential, Total Energy Lmto Calculation of Interface Structure in Ti-C and W-C Superlattices

We discuss calculations of the electronic and crystallographic structure at the interfaces of titanium-carbon and tungsten-carbon superlattices. Specifically, we present total energy calculations for an arrangement of atoms designed to allow direct investigation of the competition between the formation of M-C bonds and C-C bonds. We conclude that the equilibrium structure is dominated by C-C bonding and so find that the interface has a graphite-like atomic arrangement rather than a carbide-like arrangement. These total energy calculations have been performed using a recently developed self-consistent linear combination of muffin-tin orbitals electronic structure method. This is a full-potential, all-electron, variation on standard LMTO electronic structure methods and, along with careful self-consistent determination of the parameters involved, allows accurate total energy calculations of the type of low symmetry systems involved in this study.
Some Geometrical Applications of Complex Numbers

(1929). Some Geometrical Applications of Complex Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 504-511.
Coefficient of Performance Test Uncertainty Analysis on Heat Pump of Circulating Water Waste Heat Utilization Project

The waste heat of circulating water in power plant recovered by absorption heat pump and used for urban central heating is a new energy saving technology, but the standards for its performance acceptance test have not been drafted. In the heat pump performance acceptance test, the uncertainty evaluation method of COP, the direct and indirect measuring parameters are analyzed, as well as the corresponding calculation formula is proposed. Then taking the waste heat utilization project of circulating water in a 300 MW heating unit as an example, the uncertainty assessment is carried out for the COP test of heat pump. The uncertainty calculation results show that the availability of the test results can be effectively improved by reducing the parameters' measurement uncertainty, such as the water flow in heating network, the condensate flow, the water temperature at inlet and outlet of heat network, and so on.
Study on Preparation and Quality Comparison of Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine for Injection

Objective To study the prescription and the preparation technology of fosaprepitant dimeglumine for injection. Methods The character, pH value, contents and related substances of the self-made product were investigated by a series of experiments to achieve the optimum prescription and preparation technology. Results The changes of all the quality indices of the self-made product are basically identical with those of original product. Conclusion The prescription and preparation technology are reasonable, and the quality of the product is in line with that of the original product.
Traces of Morrey Potentials

We now come to the question of the size of the sets where \(I_{\alpha }f,\;f \in L_{+}^{p,\lambda }\), cannot be defined, i.e., where \(I_{\alpha }f(x) = +\infty,\;f \geq 0\) and \(f \in L^{p,\lambda }\). The trace of such a potential is the set where the \(I_{\alpha }f(x) n −α p, α p < n. In fact, we have, from [A1].
Conclusions: Toward a General Sociotechnical History of Payment Systems

In this final chapter, I summarize the narrative, discuss ways in which the case informs two grand themes from the history of technology, and offer two new dynamics that I believe may apply to the study of other payment systems or transactional networks in general.
Collapse of antiferromagnetism in hole doped La 2 CuO 4 and electron doped Nd 2 CuO 4

Abstract Loop-current magnetic moments of magnitude λ , reinforced by C u 2 + spin magnetic moments of magnitude μ , establish antiferromagnetism (AF) in pristine La 2 CuO 4 and Nd 2 CuO 4 . Because of λ / μ ≈ 3, loop currents provide the major contribution (∼ 75%) to AF and C u 2 + spin magnets a minor contribution (∼ 25%). This disparity, combined with different mechanisms of destructing the respective moments by doping, explains both the precariousness of AF in hole doped L a 2 − x A e x C u O 4 ( A e = S r , B a ) and its robustness in electron doped N d 2 − x C e x C u O 4 .
Acute kidney injury during a pediatric sickle cell vaso-occlusive pain crisis

Patients who develop sickle cell disease (SCD) nephropathy are at a high risk for mortality. The pathophysiology of vaso-occlusive pain crisis may contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, known inducers of AKI, are used to treat pain crises. Multiple gaps exist in the knowledge about the impact of AKI in SCD. We conducted a 2-year retrospective review of AKI events in patients admitted for vaso-occlusive crisis. AKI was defined by an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL or 50% in serum creatinine from baseline. Laboratory values and ketorolac administration by days and dose (mg/kg) were identified from hospital records. A generalized mixed effects model for binary outcomes evaluated AKI based on laboratory variables and ketorolac administration. A generalized mixed Poisson effects model analyzed the association of AKI with hospital length of stay. Thirty-three out of 197 admissions for vaso-occlusive pain crisis (17%) were associated with AKI. Fifty-two percent of the cases presented to the Emergency Room (ER) with AKI. Every one unit decrease in hemoglobin from baseline to admission increased the risk of AKI by 49%. Among patients who received ketorolac for pain, both total days and doses of ketorolac were associated with AKI. Finally, patients with pain and AKI required longer periods of hospitalization than patients without AKI. Acute kidney injury during sickle cell pain crisis is common and may be an important modifiable risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Further studies are needed to determine the impact of nephrotoxic medications on progressive SCD nephropathy.
Rum Maniacs: Alcoholic Insanity in the Early American Republic. By Matthew Warner Osborn. (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2014. Pp. vii, 268. $45.00.)

At a time when the field of alcohol studies has emerged from its long infancy, the author of this study has penned an artful and insightful analysis of the relationship between alcohol, medicine, a...
Challenges of modern materials: assessment and repair

ABSTRACTModern materials present unique challenges in terms of assessing performance and evaluating whether these materials can be repaired, restored, and conserved, or whether they need to be replaced – based on criteria including inherent significance and integrity, anticipated performance, durability, resiliency, and potential for continued use. Some specific issues encountered with modern materials include questions related to weathering, lack of redundancy, and the use of innovative but inherently non-durable materials and assemblies. The effects of material weathering (patina) may be considered desirable on handcrafted materials but is often less acceptable on highly machined materials typical of modern buildings. While the weathered appearance of traditional materials may be considered tolerable or even desirable, some modern buildings may demand frequent treatment to achieve a consistently new appearance. The inherent lack of redundancy in modern thin claddings such as thin stone veneer and resin ...
Akt activation by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in ovarian cancer cells.

Hyperactivation of Akt is associated with oncogenic changes in the growth, survival, and chemoresistance of cancer cells. The PI3K/phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK) 1 pathway represents the canonical mechanism for phosphorylation of Akt at its primary activation site, Thr-308. We observed that Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (β) (CaMKK2) is highly expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and we investigated its role in Akt activation in ovarian cancer (OVCa) cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and Caov-3). Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of CaMKK2 produced phenotypes expected of Akt inhibition, including reductions in cell growth and cell viability and in the regulation of Akt downstream targets involved in G1/S transition and apoptosis. CaMKK2 knockdown or inhibition decreased Akt phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473 to extents similar to those of PDK1 knockdown or PI3K inhibition. Combined CaMKK2 and PDK1 knockdown or CaMKK and PI3K inhibition, respectively, produced additive effects on p-Akt and cell growth, consistent with direct Akt phosphorylation by CaMKK2. This conclusion was supported by the absence of effects of CaMKK2 knockdown/inhibition on alternative means of activating Akt via p-Akt Thr-450, p-PDK1 Ser-241, or p-IRS1 Ser-636/639. Recombinant CaMKK2 directly activated recombinant Akt by phosphorylation at Thr-308 in a Ca2+/CaM-dependent manner. In OVCa cells, p-Akt Thr-308 was significantly inhibited by intracellular Ca2+i chelation or CaM inhibition. Ionomycin-induced Ca2+ influx promoted p-Akt, an effect blocked by PDK1, and/or CaMKK2, siRNAs, and by PI3K and/or CaMKK inhibitors. CaMKK2 knockdown potentiated the effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs carboplatin and PX-866 to reduce proliferation and survival of OVCa cells.
Association of physicians perceived barriers with human papillomavirus vaccination initiation.

Abstract Physician recommendation is a strong predictor of vaccine uptake, however their perceived barriers may prevent vaccination. Therefore, we determined the association between physicians' perceived barriers to HPV vaccination and vaccination initiation. We surveyed pediatricians in a large network of clinics in Houston, Texas to assess their perceived barriers to vaccinating adolescents. We combined survey data with electronic medical records to determine HPV vaccination initiation over a 12-month study period (July 2014–June 2015). Patients were 11–18 year olds who had not begun the vaccination series, had a physician visit during the study period, and whose physician completed the survey. We conducted a multilevel model clustered by physician controlling for patient and physician demographics to calculate the association between physician-reported barriers and HPV vaccination initiation. Among 36,827 patients seen by 134 pediatricians, 18.6% initiated HPV vaccination. The relative risk of initiating HPV vaccination were lower for patients whose physician reported concerns about HPV vaccine safety (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58–0.97), efficacy (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.99), and the financial burden of the vaccine on patients (RR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.88). After controlling for patient and physician characteristics, physician concern about the financial burden on patients was significantly associated with lower relative risk of initiating HPV vaccination (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64–0.90). In this large study we observed that physician-reported barriers are associated with HPV vaccination initiation. Interventions should be implemented to educate physicians on vaccine safety, efficacy, and that there is no patient cost for CDC-recommended vaccines.
De la montaña al mar: intercambio entre la sierra centro-sur y la costa sur durante el Horizonte Temprano

This article reviews the evidence of the exchange of obsidian and cinnabar, highly coveted resources that traveled in prehistoric Peru from the south-central highlands to the Paracas culture area. The evidence for exchange of these materials is compared with evidence of cultural exchange between the coast and the south-central highlands, focusing on ceramic materials uncovered from excavations at the archaeological site Atalla, located in the region of Huancavelica, Peru. The article argues that the south-central highlands were integral to the obsidian and cinnabar exchange networks of the south coast. In particular, the site of Atalla, a regional ceremonial center connected to the Early Horizon interaction networks, was connected economically to the south coast and participated in the regional interaction sphere of the south-central highlands, but also maintained very strong cultural connections with the center of Chavin de Huantar. It is also suggested that the nature of the interactions between the Paracas society and those of the south-central highlands varied depending on the region; the interaction between Paracas and Atalla seems to have concentrated mainly on economic and non-cultural exchange, whereas sites such as Campanayuq Rumi from the Ayacucho region demonstrate evidence of Paracas cultural influence. Some possible mechanisms which might explain the observed variability in exchange patterns are explored.
Quench Detection for High-Temperature Superconductor Conductors Using Acoustic Thermometry

Detecting local heat-dissipating zones in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets is a challenging task due to slow propagation of such zones in HTS conductors. For long conductor lengths, voltage-based methods may not provide a sufficient sensitivity or redundancy, and therefore nonvoltage-based detection alternatives are being sought. One of those is the recently proposed method of Eigen Frequency Thermometry (EFT), which is an active acoustic technique for a fast and nonintrusive detection of “hot spots,” utilizing temperature dependence of the conductor elastic moduli. In this work, we demonstrate the efficiency of EFT for detecting localized heating in a 1.2-m-long sample of REBCO tape immersed in liquid nitrogen, and benchmark sensitivity of the acoustic detection with respect to voltage, hot spot temperature, and power dissipation in the conductor. Modifying the original technique for differential mode of operation enables a much improved sensitivity, and adds a hot spot localization capability. Furthermore, we adapt this technique to subscale coils wound with REBCO CORC conductor built in the framework of U.S. Magnet Development Program. A successful thermal-based detection of dissipation onset at the critical current for a two-layer canted CORC dipole assembly is discussed.
Burn injury alters the pattern of LPS induced changes in FDG uptake

1335 Objectives Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity & mortality in burn patients. It has been priposed that burn injury increases sensitivity to bacterial toxins, such as LPS. In mice, it has been demonstrated that at 7 d after burn injury, injection of LPS is more lethal than the same dose of LPS given 1 d after injury. In the present study, we examined the effect of LPS on FDG uptake in mice burned 7 d previously. Methods CD-1 male mice (25-28 g) were anesthetized, shaven, and subjected to dorsal full thickness burn (25% body surface); sham treated animals served as controls. Six h after treatment all mice were fasted over night. Half of the animals (LPS & Burn + LPS groups) were then injected with E. coli LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) the rest (Sham & LPS groups) were injected with saline. Two h later all mice were injected with FDG (5 µCi, i.v) . After 1 h the mice were euthanized and biodistribution was measured. Results were expressed as % ID/g tissue, mean ± SEM, n=6/gp. Results As indicated in the Table, LPS caused a significant increases in the FDG uptake in lung, spleen and GI tract vs sham animals (p Conclusions Our results suggest that previous burn injury alters the pattern of LPS induced changes in FDG uptake in mice, These changes may relate in part, to the increased lethality of LPS in burned mice.
Methods Used for Calculating Band Structures of Layered Materials

In this chapter we shall review the main aspects of various methods which have been applied to calculate the band structures of layer compounds. Our objective is to have the discussions self-contained such that the amount of information provided here will be in sufficient detail to analyze results. The methods will be discussed in the chronological order of appearance of layer compound calculations in the literature. Moreover, this list of methods of band calculations is by no means complete; only common methods as they have been applied to layer compounds are described in detail.
Postformal Thought, Creativity, and Creating the “Self”

Data show that postformal thinking is a tool with which adults can express creativity in everyday life as well a way to describe the process of adult creativity. Creative postformal thinking is expressed in many domains of life, as we saw in earlier chapters. Creativity in adulthood and old age, using the tools of postformal thought, can regulate the integration of intellectual and emotional stimulation from events or people, bridging affect and cognition and making the demands of adulthood bearable and meaningful.
Outcomes of carotid-subclavian bypass performed in the setting of thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Background Subclavian artery revascularization is frequently performed in the setting of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). However, there is little information on the short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing carotid to subclavian artery bypass in this clinical setting. As such, this study sought to define the early and late outcomes associated with this procedure. Methods Patients undergoing carotid-subclavian bypass in conjunction with TEVAR between June 2005 and September 2016 were retrospectively identified from a prospectively maintained, single-center aortic surgery database. The 30-day outcomes specific to the carotid-subclavian bypass procedure were analyzed, including cervical plexus nerve injury, bleeding complications, and local vascular complications. All preoperative and postoperative chest radiographs were carefully analyzed to assess for hemidiaphragm elevation indicative of phrenic nerve palsy. Long-term outcomes included primary graft patency and anastomotic complications. Results Of 579 consecutive patients undergoing TEVAR during this time interval, 112 patients (19%) underwent concomitant carotid-subclavian bypass. The cohort was 38% female (n = 43), with a mean age of 65 ± 14 years. The majority of conduits were 8-mm polytetrafluoroethylene grafts (n = 107 [95.5%]), with a minority being reversed saphenous vein (n = 4 [3.6%]) or Dacron (n = 1 [0.9%]) grafts. The bypass procedure was done concurrently at the time of TEVAR in 91% (n = 102) of cases. The short-term complication rate attributed specifically to the carotid-subclavian bypass was 29% (n = 33). These complications included phrenic nerve palsy in 25% (n = 27), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 5% (n = 6), axillary nerve palsy in 2% (n = 2), and neck hematoma requiring re-exploration in 1% (n = 1) of patients. The 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality rate was 5% (n = 6), and the rate of permanent paraparesis or paraplegia was 0.9% (n = 1). Of the operative survivors (n = 106), follow-up imaging of the bypass graft was available in 87% (n = 92) of patients. Actuarial primary graft patency was 97% at 5 years. There were three patients (3%) with bypass graft occlusions, two of which were clinically silent and detected on follow-up imaging. The third was detected because of symptoms of subclavian steal and required repeated revascularization. Two patients (2%) developed a late anastomotic pseudoaneurysm requiring either endovascular (n = 1) or surgical (n = 1) intervention. Conclusions Carotid-subclavian bypass for revascularization of the subclavian artery performed in the setting of TEVAR is durable, although the true complication rate is likely higher than is generally reported in the literature because of a not insignificant rate of phrenic nerve palsy. These data should serve well as “gold standard” comparison data for emerging branch graft devices.
Eye in the Sky [Turnstile]

Examines ways in which we can protect the security of the existing space-based communication and navigation infrastructure.
Energy Efficient Chiller Configuration—A Design Perspective

Abstract This chapter presents a study on energy efficient chiller configuration using real plant data collected from two different sites—The University of Texas at Austin and a semiconductor fab in Texas. It highlights the impact of chiller plant design on its total electrical power consumption for a given cooling load. Year round chiller data are analyzed and modeled using a modified Gordon–Ng model. Fitted models for several chillers are used to study the effect of chiller configuration (series versus parallel) on its overall energy efficiency. Chiller configuration impacts energy efficiency by changing design values of chilled water flow rate and outlet temperature for each chiller. If all other variables are kept the same, chillers studied here operating in parallel consume up to 9.62% less power as compared to their series configuration. Otherwise, chillers may operate up to 12.26% more efficiently in series, depending on their chilled water outlet temperature.
Finding Hidden Structures, Hierarchies, and Cores in Networks via Isospectral Reduction

The method of isospectral network reduction allows one the ability to reduce a network while preserving the network’s spectral structure. In this paper we describe a number of recent applications of the theory of isospectral reductions. This includes finding hidden structures, specifically latent symmetries, in networks, uncovering different network hierarchies, and simultaneously determining different network cores. We also specify how such reductions can be interpreted as dynamical systems and describe the type of dynamics such systems have. Additionally, we show how the recent theory of equitable decompositions can be paired with the method of isospectral reductions to decompose networks.
The Myth of Targeting Small, But Loyal Niche Audiences: Double-Jeopardy Effects In Digital-Media Consumption

ABSTRACT Higher attention traditionally has translated into higher advertising revenues for media. With a multitude of options to choose from on the Internet, however, advertisers often are tempted to turn away from outlets with mass appeal toward niche outlets, which often have loyal audiences. In this high-choice media environment, where people purportedly are consuming content per their personal preferences and attitudes, on what basis do audiences fragment? This study examines associations between users and usage of the 2,000 most popular websites in the United States. Results indicate that popularity predicts usage, and audience niches are less prevalent than commonly assumed. The findings are a cautionary tale for advertisers targeting a more loyal audience by dissociating with traditional big media, turning most of their spending toward smaller niche outlets.
Nucleation–Elongation Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks

Homogeneous two-dimensional (2D) polymerization is a poorly understood process in which topologically planar monomers react to form planar macromolecules, often termed 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs). While these COFs have traditionally been limited to weakly crystalline aggregated powders, they were recently grown as micron-sized single crystals by temporally resolving the growth and nucleation processes. Here, we present a quantitative analysis of the nucleation and growth rates of 2D COFs via kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations using COF-5 as an example, which show that nucleation and growth have second-order and first-order dependences on monomer concentration, respectively. The computational results were confirmed experimentally by systematic measurements of COF nucleation and growth rates performed via in situ X-ray scattering, which validated the respective monomer concentration dependencies of the nucleation and elongation processes. A major consequence is that there exists a threshold monomer concentration below which growth dominates over nucleation. Our computational and experimental findings rationalize recent empirical observations that, in the formation of 2D COF single crystals, growth dominates over nucleation when monomers are added slowly, so as to limit their concentrations. This mechanistic understanding of the nucleation and growth processes will inform the rational control of polymerization in two dimensions and ultimately enable access to high-quality samples of designed two-dimensional polymers.
Renal Cell Cancer

A variety of tumors may arise in the kidneys, which vary widely in clinical significance. In adults, the most common form of malignant renal tumor is the adenocarcinoma, which arises from tubular epithelium. In part because the kidneys are located in the retroperitoneum, renal cell adenocarcinomas are characterized by a lack of early clinical warning signs; a substantial proportion of patients with renal cancer present with disseminated metastases. At present, surgical removal of renal cell adenocarcinomas is the only effective means of curing the disease, as these tumors are resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A potential role for immunotherapy in treating advanced renal cell cancer is being evaluated. Increased utilization of radiologic imaging techniques has led to the identification of small renal lesions in asymptomatic patients. Early detection of renal tumors has prompted the development of objective criteria for the classification of renal tumors of low and high metastatic potential and the establishment of uniformly accepted pathologic features of prognostic significance. Studies of patients with inherited predisposition to developing renal cell cancer have greatly contributed to our understanding of the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma. Inherited mutations in different genes predispose to the development of histologically distinct types of renal cancer. These studies provide support for the inclusion of genetic alterations in the histopathologic classification of renal tumors..
La inmunidad absoluta del árbitro: una equivocación con orígenes históricos

Este texto explora el desarrollo de la doctrina de la inmunidad del arbitro y su situacion actual en el marco del derecho consuetudinario de los Estados Unidos. Para ello, examina la forma en que la doctrina se ha desarrollado en otras jurisdicciones del common law y de derecho civil, propor­cionando un contexto y un contraste. Asimismo, indaga por que Estados Unidos es el unico pais que concede una inmunidad absoluta al arbitro. Se analizan las decisiones posteriores a la guerra civil que desempenaron un papel fundamental en la formacion de la doctrina. Finalmente, se hace hincapie en la cuestion del “por que” en lugar del “que”, asi la metodologia y el razonamiento juridico adquieren mayor relevancia que las propias conclusiones
Association of mitochondrial genomic background with risk of Multiple System Atrophy

Abstract Introduction Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare, sporadic, and progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized neuropathologically by alpha-synuclein aggregates in oligodendroglia, and clinically by parkinsonism, ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. Mitochondrial health influences neurodegeneration and defects in mitochondria, particularly in oxidative phosphorylation, are reported in MSA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codes for 13 critical OXPHOS proteins, however no study has investigated if mtDNA variation, in the form of mitochondrial haplogroups, influences MSA risk. Therefore, in this study we investigated the association of mtDNA haplogroups with MSA risk in a case-control manner. Methods 176 pathologically confirmed MSA cases and 910 neurologically healthy controls from Mayo Clinic Jacksonville were genotyped for 39 unique mtDNA variants using Agena Biosciences MassARRAY iPlex technology. Mitochondrial haplogroups were assigned to mitochondrial phylogeny, and logistic regression models that were adjusted for age and sex were used to assess associations between mitochondrial haplogroups and risk of MSA. Results After adjusting for multiple testing (P Conclusion This study investigated whether population-specific mtDNA variation is associated with risk of MSA, and our nominally significant findings suggest mitochondrial haplogroup background may influence MSA risk. Validation of these findings and additional meta-analytic studies will be important.
On the Absence of Spurious Local Trajectories in Time-varying Nonconvex Optimization

In this paper, we study the landscape of an online nonconvex optimization problem, for which the input data vary over time and the solution is a trajectory rather than a single point. To understand the complexity of finding a global solution of this problem, we introduce the notion of \textit{spurious (i.e., non-global) local trajectory} as a generalization to the notion of spurious local solution in nonconvex (time-invariant) optimization. We develop an ordinary differential equation (ODE) associated with a time-varying nonlinear dynamical system which, at limit, characterizes the spurious local solutions of the time-varying optimization problem. We prove that the absence of spurious local trajectory is closely related to the transient behavior of the developed system. In particular, we show that if the problem is time-varying, the data variation may force all of the ODE trajectories initialized at arbitrary local minima at the initial time to gradually converge to the global solution trajectory. We study the Jacobian of the dynamical system along a local minimum trajectory and show how its eigenvalues are manipulated by the natural data variation in the problem, which may consequently trigger escaping poor local minima over time.