cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diverse Origins of Xenoliths from Seamounts at the Continental Margin, Offshore Central California

A diverse assemblage of small mafic and ultramafic xenoliths occurs in alkalic lava from Davidson and Pioneer seamounts located at the continental margin of central California. Based on mineral compositions and textures, they form three groups: (1) mantle xenoliths of lherzolite, pyroxenite, and dunite with olivine of4Fo90; (2) ocean crust xenoliths of dunite with olivine 5Fo90, troctolite, pyroxenegabbro, and anorthosite with low-K2O plagioclase; (3) cumulates of seamount magmas of alkalic gabbro with primary amphibole and biotite and anorthosites with high-K2O plagioclase. The alkalic cumulates are genetically related to, but more evolved than, their host lavas and probably crystallized at the margins of magma reservoirs. Modeling and comparison with experimentally derived phases suggest an origin at moderate pressures ( 0 5^0 9 GPa).The high volatile contents of the alkalic host lavas may have pressurized the magma chambers and helped to propel the xenolith-bearing lavas directly from deep storage at the base of the lithosphere to the eruption site on the ocean floor, entraining fragments of the upper mantle and ocean crust cumulates from the underlyingabandoned spreadingcenter.
Mathematics and Music

Many people intuitively sense that there is a connection between mathematics and music. If nothing else, both involve counting. There is, of course, much more to the association. David Wright's book is an investigation of the interrelationships between mathematics and music, reviewing the needed background concepts in each subject as they are encountered. Along the way, readers will augment their understanding of both mathematics and music. The text explores the common foundations of the two subjects, which are developed side by side. Musical and mathematical notions are brought together, such as scales and modular arithmetic, intervals and logarithms, tone and trigonometry, and timbre and harmonic analysis. When possible, discussions of musical and mathematical notions are directly interwoven. Occasionally the discourse dwells for a while on one subject and not the other, but eventually the connection is established, making this an integrative treatment of the two subjects. The book is a text for a freshman level college course suitable for musically inclined or mathematically inclined students, with the intent of breaking down any apprehension that either group might have for the other subject. Exercises are given at the end of each chapter. The mathematical prerequisites are a high-school level familiarity with algebra, trigonometry, functions, and graphs. Musically, the student should have had some exposure to musical staffs, standard clefs, and key signatures, though all of these are explained in the text.
In vitro model for transport of solutes in three‐phase system I: Theoretical principles

A diffusional model describing steady-state transport of neutral compounds and ionizing weak acids and bases in the three-phase (water-oil-water) system is presented. The present study applies this model, consisting of three barriers in series, to a theoretical and experimental exploration of the pH-partition theory of drug absorption. The model correlates transport rates with primary factors (pH and partition coefficient) as well as with buffer strength, diffusion coefficients, and the rate of agitation in the aqueous phases. For strictly neutral solutes, any one barrier may become rating limiting. When solute partition coefficients be come sufficiently large, the transport rates level off to a maximal value. For weak acids and bases, the relative rates generally follow titration curves. Under certain pH conditions, maximal rates of ionizing electrolytes may be double that of the neutral solute. In all cases, a maximal rate with respect to an increasing partition coefficient is predicted. Experimental data in previous studies were analyzed, evaluating relative contributions to the total barrier by the lipid and aqueous phases.
A literature review of quantitative indicators to measure the quality of labor and delivery care.

Abstract Background Strengthening measurement of the quality of labor and delivery (LD most studies relied on medical record review to measure indicators. Conclusions Many quantitative indicators have been used to measure L&D care quality, but few have been validated beyond expert opinion. There has been limited use of clinical observation in quality assessment of care processes. The findings suggest the need for validated, efficient consensus indicators of the quality of L&D care processes, particularly in low-resource countries.
Patterns of allozyme diversity in the threatened plant Erigeron parishii (Asteraceae).

Thirty-one occurrences of Erigeron parishii, a narrowly endemic plant threatened by mining, were sampled for allozyme diversity. This taxon held considerable genetic variation at the 14 allozyme loci surveyed. Species (e.g., alleles per locus [ A] 5 4.3 and proportion of polymorphic loci [P] 5 0.64) and population (e.g., A 5 2.15 [SD 5 0.3] and P 5 0.53 [SD 5 0.12]) genetic diversity measures were higher than expected for narrowly endemic plant taxa. The proportion of polymorphic loci and numbers of alleles per locus indicated that E. parishii has not experienced severe or long-lasting population bottlenecks. Within-population f indicated low to moderate levels of inbreeding. Populations were only moderately differentiated (theta-p 5 0.12), suggesting either that there is substantial gene flow among populations or that populations have not been isolated long enough to detect effects of genetic drift. There was no significant differentiation among populations in different vegetation types nor was there a relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance among sites. Continued fragmentation by mining activities would isolate populations, disrupting gene flow, exacerbating loss of diversity, and increasing inbreeding in the remaining fragments. Protection of large, interconnected populations throughout the range of the taxon is warranted to maintain processes that have sustained the observed diversity.
Stabilized Sequential Quadratic Programming

Recently, Wright proposed a stabilized sequential quadratic programming algorithm for inequality constrained optimization. Assuming the Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification and the existence of a strictly positive multiplier (but possibly dependent constraint gradients), he proved a local quadratic convergence result. In this paper, we establish quadratic convergence in cases where both strict complementarity and the Mangasarian-Fromovitz constraint qualification do not hold. The constraints on the stabilization parameter are relaxed, and linear convergence is demonstrated when the parameter is kept fixed. We show that the analysis of this method can be carried out using recent results for the stability of variational problems.
Double minute chromosomes in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: Identification of new amplification regions by fluorescence in situ hybridization and spectral karyotyping

Double minute chromosomes (dmin) are small chromatin bodies consisting of genes amplified in an extrachromosomal location. dmins are uncommon in hematologic malignancies; they are seen primarily in acute myeloid leukemia, with amplification of the MYC oncogene or, less frequently, the MLL transcription factor. Nine patients with hematologic malignancies with dmin were seen at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 1985 and 2000; eight had acute myeloid leukemia and one a myelodysplastic syndrome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated MYC amplification on dmin in four patients, but MLL amplification was not seen. Spectral karyotyping showed that the dmin derived from chromosome 11 in one patient and from chromosome 19 in two others without MYC or MLL amplification; derivation from these chromosomes was confirmed by FISH with chromosome paint probes. The dmin of chromosome 11 origin hybridized to a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) RP11-112M22 that maps to 11q24.3 and is predicted to contain ETS1 and other markers, including D11S11351 and D11S4091. The dmin of chromosome 19 origin in one patient hybridized to BACs RP11-46I12 and RP11-110J19; in the other patient, these clones did not hybridize with the dmin, but were found to be amplified on a marker chromosome that was derived from chromosome 19 in that patient's cells. These BACs have been mapped to 19q12–19q13.1 and 19q11–19q13.1, respectively, and are predicted to contain the markers D19S409 and D19S919 and the gene for ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide1 (UQCRFS1). dmin originating from chromosome 19 have not been reported previously in hematologic malignancies. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of fathead minnows and restoration on prairie wetland ecosystems

SUMMARY 1. Research has shown that fish influence the structure and processes of aquatic ecosystems, but replicated studies at the ecosystem level are rare as are those involving wetlands. Some wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America support fish communities dominated by fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) while others are fishless, providing an opportunity to assess the influence of these fish on wetland ecosystems. Additionally, many wetlands have previously been drained and subsequently restored, but the success of these efforts is poorly known and restoration may be impeded by the presence of fish. 2. We assessed the effects of fathead minnows and drainage by studying 20 semipermanent, prairie wetlands in Minnesota from 1996 to 1999. We used a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the effects of presence and absence of minnows and drainage history (restored/never drained) on the abundance of aquatic invertebrates and amphibians, as well as on the concentrations of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and turbidity in the water column. 3. Results showed that fathead minnows are an important determinant of many biotic and abiotic characteristics of wetlands in the eastern PPR. Wetlands with fathead minnows had fewer aquatic insects, large- and small-bodied cladocerans, calanoid copepods, ostracods and larval tiger salamanders, as well as a higher abundance of corixids and greater turbidity and chlorophyll a. A higher concentration of phosphorus in restored basins was the only consistent effect of past management. 4. Fathead minnows usually dominate fish communities in eastern PPR wetlands where fish are present, and can have several strong ecosystem effects. While abiotic variables are important determinants of ecosystem structure in prairie wetlands, they can be strongly influenced by biotic factors.
Land use and forest cover on private parcels in the Upper Midwest USA, 1970 to 1990.

This paper analyzes the interactions between land use and forest cover in the Upper Midwest, USA from 1970 to 1990. New data are presented and interpreted to evaluate the effects of land-use changes, especially abandonment of agriculture and dispersed development, on forest cover throughout the region. Forest-cover data were collected from Landsat satellite imagery and land use was interpreted from aerial photographs for land parcels, based on archival maps of land ownership. In general, forest cover increased throughout the region and throughout the period. Simultaneously, the area used for agriculture declined, much of it being converted to natural uses, and the area of land in low density residential development increased. Forest cover increased most rapidly on low density residential lands and in counties in which a large percentage of homes were for seasonal use i.e., vacation homes. The data suggest that the transformation of the region from an extractive i.e., forestry and agriculture to a recreation-based service economy has played a significant role in the increasing forest cover observed throughout the region.
Furan-induced hepatic cholangiocarcinomas in Fischer 344 rats

In a 2-yr carcinogenicity bioassay, 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg furan/kg body weight (BW) was administered to male and female Fischer (F344) rats and resulted in an 86-100% incidence of cholangiocarcinomas with occasional metastasis. In a separate but concurrent study, male F344 rats dosed with 30 mg furan/kg BW for 90 days developed marked cholangiofibrosis and cholangiohepatitis and, when subsequently maintained without further treatment for an additional 6, 12, or 18 months, the cholangiofibrosis progressed to yield a 100% incidence of cholangiocarcinomas. Transplantation of 21 primary cholangiocarcinomas into syngeneic recipients resulted in growth from 4 donors. The 4 transplanted lines were successfully transferred through 8 serial passages and resulted in metastases in the recipients. The progressive growth of these proliferative hepatocholangial lesions over time, their transplantability, and the development of metastases in some of the cases provide biological evidence of the malignant potential of the furan-induced liver changes.
Sex and the Postindustrial City

Phil Hubbard's Cities and Sexualities offers a broad interdisciplinary introduction to the sexual landscapes of the postindustrial city in a sleek text that is both provocative and highly engaging....
An improved joint power harvesting and communication technology for smartphone centric ubiquitous sensing applications

With the popularization of smartphones, various smartphone centric ubiquitous sensing applications have emerged, which use a smartphone in conjunction with external sensors for data acquisition, processing, display, communication, and storage. Because smartphones do not have a standard data interfaces, many ubiquitous sensing applications use the earphone and the microphone channels of the 3.5mm audio interface for data communications so that they can work with various types of smartphones. The earphone channels of the 3.5mm audio interface can only send AC signal out of a smartphone, and hence DC power needs to be harvested from the earphone channels. Based on frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation scheme, a recent technology developed a joint power harvesting and communication technology to harvest more power from both earphone channels without affecting data communications. However, a transformer is used in the power harvesting circuit, which not only adds the size and the cost of the circuit, but also limits the data rate of the communication. In this paper, we have proposed a novel power harvesting circuit without a transformer. Extensive circuit measurements show that the newly proposed circuit can extract more power than that with a transformer. Furthermore, it allows a reliable communication with much higher data rate from a smartphone to external sensors.
Prevention of mental health problems in adolescence.

Mental health problems in adolescence are noteworthy in that they are outside of the normative adolescent developmental experience. Twenty percent of adolescents in the United States experience significant and persistent mental disorders, which indicates the need for prevention and early intervention. The purpose of this chapter is to review research on the prevention of mental health problems in adolescence. Various sociocontextual factors that place an adolescent at risk for mental health problems are examined. In particular, studies that identify risk factors for problems common to adolescence, including depression, suicide, and disorders of conduct and eating are reviewed. Evaluative research on prevention and early intervention programs in this substantive area are also critically reviewed. A summative report and critique on the state of research in this area is given along with suggestions for future research. A call for the active involvement of nursing in this research agenda is made. Language: en
Different Paths to Success: A Theory of Organizational Decision Making and Administrative Reliability*

Discussions on organizational reliability have concentrated largely on structural means by which an agency can improve its performance. Agencies have two options, however, in achieving reliability objectives. An agency either may employ fewer but more reliable components in its administrative system, or it may choose to utilize less reliable components, counting on structural redundancy to increase the agency's overall reliability. The key question is when to choose one of these strategies for achieving organizational reliability rather than the other. In this article, I develop a theory explaining why agencies may choose to pursue organizational reliability using different strategies; the theory relies on Herbert Simon's distinction between programmed and nonprogrammed decision making. This theory is tested through a comparison of two case studies. NASA's pursuit of reliability in the area of manned spaceflight, and the drug testing process of the FDA.
Renal failure in the perinatal period.

Aspects of acute renal failure in the newborn infant are discussed, including causes, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management.
Design Considerations For Consumer Products Utilizing High Voltage

High-voltage devices found in residential and office environments present unique challenges for the product designer. The design of these devices requires consideration to account for their ability to generate alternate, unintended current paths known as arc tracks along the surfaces of the materials used in their construction. Left unchecked, such a condition can lead to a fire hazard. There are several techniques that designers can employ to help prevent and mitigate arc tracking and arc-tracking related failures. These techniques are outlined in this paper and include material selection, detection circuitry, physical layout, and other considerations. Examples of arc tracks exhibiting thermal damage are presented.
Thermal classification of electrical pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes

Design engineers have traditionally selected electrical pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes to match the temperatures ratings of their equipment. With the advent of thermosetting adhesives a few years ago, these types advanced from their temporary-holding role to that of “Pressure-Sensitive Electrical Tapes as Designed-In Components”1. Having a permanent job to do, an electrical tape's behavior during overload and transient conditions became important. General information on this subject was first published by 3M in technical form in 19592. This covered 9 classes of tape and listed temperatures suitable for “Days to Weeks” operation as well as temperature limits for “Short Time Surge” conditions.
The Ties that Bind: Mexicana Caretakers and Aging Americans Construct Kinship

In this paper, I examine how close care relations, sometimes resulting in kinship, are made between Mexican immigrant women employed as private care providers by aging Anglo-Americans. This study is based on ethnographic fieldwork in Santa Barbara, California, between 2009 and 2011 and focuses on the informal care market. I discuss three case studies, applying insights from the new kinship literature, and I focus on one extended case to show how it reflects and challenges traditional notions of family in the United States. At a time when questions about what constitutes appropriate intimacy in paid care are rife, studies such as this are crucial to better understand the contexts in which other forms of kin relations may be created and solidified.
Hierarchical Mixed-Order Tangential Vector Finite Elements For Traingular Elements

For modeling the vector nature of electromagnetic fields, tangential vector finite elements (TVFEs) overcome most of the shortcomings of node based finite elements. Mixed-order TVFEs offer several advantages over polynomial complete TVFEs and hierarchical TVFEs allow for mixing of different order TVFEs within a computational domain. Lowest order mixed-order TVFEs are widely used for solving electromagnetic problems but this is not the case for higher order mixed-order TVFEs. This paper provides a description of certain mixed-order TVFEs for triangular elements and presents numerical results demonstrating the merits of hierarchical mixed-order TVFEs. It is hoped that the paper will provide insight in the nature of hierarchical mixed-order TVFEs and serve as a rationale for their use.
Biochemical Analysis of the Lipoprotein Lipase Truncation Variant, LPLS447X, Reveals Increased Lipoprotein Uptake.

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides from circulating lipoproteins. Whereas most identified mutations in the LPL gene are deleterious, one mutation, LPLS447X, causes a gain of function. This mutation truncates two amino acids from LPL’s C-terminus. Carriers of LPLS447X have decreased VLDL levels and increased HDL levels, a cardioprotective phenotype. LPLS447X is used in Alipogene tiparvovec, the gene therapy product for individuals with familial LPL deficiency. It is unclear why LPLS447X results in a serum lipid profile more favorable than that of LPL. In vitro reports vary as to whether LPLS447X is more active than LPL. We report a comprehensive, biochemical comparison of purified LPLS447X and LPL dimers. We found no difference in specific activity on synthetic and natural substrates. We also did not observe a difference in the Ki for ANGPTL4 inhibition of LPLS447X relative to that of LPL. Finally, we analyzed LPL-mediated uptake of fluorescently labeled lipoprotein...
Suture-Only Repair Versus Suture Anchor-Augmented Repair for Achilles Tendon Ruptures With a Short Distal Stump: A Biomechanical Comparison.

Background:Chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinosis can result in an acute Achilles tendon rupture with a short distal stump. In such tendon ruptures, there is a limited amount of adequate tissue...
Follow-up on the characterization of peptidic markers in hair and fur for the identification of common North American species.

RATIONALE Species identification of hair is routinely done by microscopic analysis. Following previous studies that used protein analysis to characterize species markers in hair and wool, the present work aims at covering a larger number of species and to ultimately offer a method for rapid hair identification in forensics and archaeology. METHODS Hair is mostly made of alpha-keratins; these proteins have only been sequenced in a handful of species and most animal families are under-represented. Using a methodology developed for the characterization of peptidic markers in tissues such as bone (peptide mass fingerprinting or PMF) and commonly applied on collagen, hair from common North American fur-bearing species was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS to obtain peptidic profiles. RESULTS Alpha-keratin peptides that are typically dominant on peptide mass profiles of hair were chosen as markers. Matching peaks were identified for each species tested and compared to known sequences from related organisms whenever possible. The markers were used to create a flowchart to narrow down identification to the family level. CONCLUSIONS The methodology was developed on a limited numbers of markers chosen for their variability and reliability on the peptide mass fingerprint. In the absence of genetic sequences, that strategy is a quick way to compare species from a common geographic origin. The work presented here was focused on North American species but could be applied to other animal families.
Why Parents Seek Care for Acute Illness in the Clinic or the ED: The Role of Health Literacy

Abstract Objective To explore the decision to seek care and decision-making regarding location of care among parents with low and adequate health literacy. Methods Parents of children 8 years old or younger who presented for ‘sick child' visits at a clinic or a nonurgent emergency department (ED) visit (triage level 5) were interviewed. The Newest Vital Sign was used to categorize parental health literacy. Interviewers followed a semistructured interview guide to understand: 1) care-seeking for current illness, and 2) choice of clinic or ED. Themes emerged using a grounded theory process, facilitated by NVivo version 10.0 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). Themes included the experiences of low and adequate health literacy in the clinic as well as in the ED. Results Fifty semistructured interviews were completed with parents who brought their child to the ED for a nonurgent visit (n = 30) and clinic parents (n = 20) with 56% possessing low health literacy. Parents with low health literacy were more inclined to overestimate severity of illness and seek care sooner to gain answers about the illness and treatment options, and visit the clinic only when an appointment was available within hours. Parents with adequate health literacy sought reassurance for their ongoing illness management and valued close relationships with their physician, and were willing to wait longer for an appointment. Fever, vomiting, and young child age prompted some parents to seek expedient care regardless of health literacy. Conclusions Caregiving skills (eg, assessing and treating illness, understanding illness severity, and navigating the health care system) in addition to physician-parent relationships and perception of care seem to influence the behavior of parents managing their child's mild acute illness. These factors might be amenable to a future health literacy intervention.
Introduction: Politics All the Way Down

Social scientists long have grappled with the influence upon their research of interest-driven or theory-derived ideas that can shape what they see and do. This nettlesome plight deepens when one allows for emotional affinities between theory and theorist too. ‘External reality has a way,’ as John Steinbeck literarily put it, ‘of not being so external after all.’ These tricky factors may well be unintended, so much so that the researcher is blissfully unaware of them. The search for knowledge, psychologist Abraham Maslow noted, validly can be viewed as an anxiety-allaying enterprise in which science is ‘considered a technique with which fallible men try to outwit their own human propensities to fear the truth, to avoid, it, and to distort it.’
To innovate is to survive: Insight from human survival to innovation

IN the business world, "change is the only constant" is often heard in the context of process re-engineering, digital re-invention, business or technological innovation. I am convinced that technology innovation has played a key role in driving changes for the past 50 years. Many consultants would argue that a lasting change is not the result of technology implementation itself, like a hammer looking for a nail, rather it is from within the organization, from the constant look out for a better efficiency. The latter act to continuously improve, drives the needs for new tools and new technology. New tools, a better widget drive process change, or does a better process drive the birth of a new tool? Or does it really matter whatever the answer?
The Development of Aggression and Violence Over the Life Span

Aggression and violence are heterogeneous constructs, but subtyping approaches, including distinctions by developmental course, by progression of severity, and by types of behaviors, illustrate methods to bring greater clarity to their description and identification. Over development, violent behavior shows a course similar to that of the general age–crime curve, whereas aggressive behavior reveals high rates of aggression in early childhood that, for most individuals, desist by adolescence. Several key intraindividual factors, including social cognition, callous–unemotional features, and intelligence, help to explain why some individuals show greater aggression or violence than others. Effective intervention strategies exist, but important barriers remain in the identification and engagement in services of those most in need of intervention. Keywords: aggression; desistance; development; persistence; subtyping; violence
Introduction and Acclimatisation of the Pacific Carpet Clam, Tapes Philippinarum, To Italian Waters

In 1983 the exotic clam Tapes philippinarum was introduced to the lagoons of the north Adriatic as an aquaculture project. The purpose was to surrogate the insufficient production of the nearly identical native T. decussatus. Seed was obtained from European and North American hatcheries. Loose sediment in shallow, non-turbulent but well-flushed waters constitutes the habitat of the species. By 1986 there was evidence that the species was breeding freely and colonising all suitable areas. By 1990 the commercial yield from the culture parcs and natural beds had reached 20,000 tons year-1 furnishing the livelihood to a labour force of about 4,000 units. In the most productive areas densities of > 1,000 ind m-2 are common. Acclaimed as a great success by the fisheries sector, this initiative has been condemned by scientists and environmentalists as infringing the general principle of keeping out alien species and more specifically because the exotic clam is thought to have caused the disappearance of the native sympatric counterpart and generally upsetting the indigenous benthos. Field surveys carried out before and after the arrival of the alien clam show that the accusations are unfounded or cannot be demonstrated.
Study of Different PAM4 Distributions to Maximize the Mutual Information

We study the transmission of different uniform and nonuniform PAM4 signal schemes through the AWGN channel and then compare the mutual information to find out the best way to approach the Shannon limit, when using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.
‘Bioexit’: navigating the policy and regulatory pathways for the biotechnology industry in a post-Brexit landscape

The withdrawal of the UK from the European Union (EU) is a complicated event. Although implications vary by industry, the biotechnology sector is especially vulnerable to the consequences of Brexit. Accordingly, here we evaluate potential repercussions under four post-Brexit political pathways: European Economic Area (EEA) affiliation (Norwegian Model); negotiated bilateral access (Swiss Model); limited participation in EU Customs Union (Turkish Model); or independence under the World Trade Organization (WTO) designation. We conclude that all four pathways fail to protect the mutually beneficial UK–EU biotechnology relationship and that alternative pathways need to be explored. Accordingly, we outline a suite of policy mechanisms aimed at ensuring continued EU–UK regulatory synergy, with the central aim of ensuring access to biomedical innovations and ensuring patient safety.
Stranger danger: acoustic response of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens) via heterospecific eavesdropping on the Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor)

ABSTRACT In this study I examined heterospecific eavesdropping in passerines by investigating how information broadcast by the Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) at dusk modifies singing and calling vocalizations of a common avian dusk chorus species, the Veery (Catharus fuscescens). The Veery nests on or near the ground and is a highly vocal participant of the avian dusk chorus, which also renders it vulnerable to a wide array of diurnal and crepuscular predators. Thus, the Veery is expected to be sensitive to signals of predation risk. Here, I report findings of simulated exposure to indirect predation risk (recorded playbacks of Tufted Titmouse alarm calls) that alter acoustic output by the Veery. From 19 May to 6 July 2013, 14 plots in Veery territories were selected and exposed to playback calls of the gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor; control treatment) and playbacks of the Tufted Titmouse high seet call (experimental treatment). Each plot was subjected to two 65 min playback-recording trials (one ...
Pathology of peritoneal mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma is an uncommon adult neoplasm, rarely occurring in the first two decades of life. Approximately two cases per million population per year are diagnosed, but the incidence is increasing [1–5]. The diagnosis is often difficult because of the advanced stage of disease when the patient first presents, general ambiguity surrounding mesotheliomas and their classification, and their pathologic similarities to other tumors that can diffusely involve the peritoneum (figure 1).
Enterogastric reflux: A hidden culprit in cases of suspected cholecystitis?

1945 Objectives Enterogastric reflux (EGR) is the reflux of bile and other digestive fluids from the duodenum into the stomach. EGR exerts harmful effects on gastric mucosa, facilitates H. pylori colonization, and acts synergistically with H. pylori to cause gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. Options for diagnosing EGR include hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HIDA) scans or endoscopy. The proper treatment of EGR includes medications or surgery. The incidence of EGR as a finding on routine HIDA scans is unknown. We completed a retrospective review to determine the incidence of reported EGR on HIDA scans at our institution. Methods A retrospective review of the reports of 93 consecutive HIDA studies performed on adults over 6 months was completed. Data included the presence of EGR as a reported finding, patient age and gender, mCi of injected radiotracer, and gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) if performed. GBEF was performed using a 15 min infusion of sincalide followed by an additional 15 min of imaging. Anterior planar imaging was presented as 5 min frames. Results EGR was a reported incidental finding in 11% of reports (10 of 93 cases). GBEF was assessed in 68 cases, 24 of which were abnormal (EF Conclusions EGR is a frequent incidental finding on HIDA scans and may have important implications for patients with suspected cholecystitis. Detecting EGR may reveal the true etiology of pain in patients with normal GBEF on HIDA scans. For patients with abnormal GBEF, EGR may be important since cholecystectomy is a risk factor for development of clinically significant EGR and therefore may worsen pre-existing EGR. Thus, nuclear medicine physicians should routinely and carefully evaluate for EGR on HIDA scans.
Multiple Regression and Principal Components Analysis of Puberty and Growth in Cattle

Multiple regression and principal components analyses were employed to examine relationships among pubertal and growth characters. Records used were from 424 bulls and 475 heifers produced by a diallel mating of Angus, Brahman, Hereford, Holstein and Jersey breeds. Characters studied were age, weight and height at puberty and measurements of weight and hip height from 9 to 21 mo of age; pelvic measurements of heifers also were included. Measurements of weight and height near 1 yr of age were related most highly to pubertal age, weight adn height. Larger size near 1 yr of age was associated with younger, larger animals at puberty. Growth rate was associated with pubertal characters before, but not after, adjustment for effects of breed-type. Principal components of the variation of pubertal and growth characters among animals were strongly related to both weight and height. The majority of the variation among breed-types was due to height. Characteristic vectors of principal components describing the variation of bulls and heifers were strikingly similar. The variance-covariance structure of pubertal characters was essentially the same for both sexes even though the mean values of the characters differed.
Statistical Interpretation: Evaluating the Strength of Forensic DNA Evidence

This chapter discusses the basic principles that are important when considering statistical interpretation of forensic DNA profiles and estimating the rarity of a particular set of short tandem repeat (STR) alleles. Example equations are examined and discussed using the population allele frequency information. To assess how common or rare a particular allele and allele combination are, data is gathered from representative groups of individuals. The primary goal of generating a population database is to find all common alleles and sample these alleles multiple times in order to reliably estimate the frequency of alleles present in the population under consideration. The primary steps in generating and testing a population database are illustrated in the chapter. Collecting information from more samples usually only improves the accuracy of frequency estimates for rare alleles. A conservative minimum allele frequency is used to ensure that an allele is sampled sufficiently to be used reliably in statistical tests. Once STR genotypes are generated from population samples, the data are typically evaluated with statistical tests to ensure that the allele frequencies are reasonable based on genetic inheritance principles. The chapter discusses different approaches to providing statistical interpretation on single-source autosomal STR data. One of the approaches is to report likelihood ratios to convey relative support for the weight of DNA evidence under the hypothesis that the defendant is the source of the DNA profile versus an unrelated individual from the population at large. A number of other scenarios exist for which a forensic scientist might need to provide statistical support for a DNA result.
Normativity, Deliberation, and Queerness

According to a thesis that is familiar from the Kantian tradition, moral obligations are a source of “authoritative reasons” – reasons it would be “irrational to ignore.” This thesis has been thought incompatible with moral naturalism and it has been a premise in arguments both for the moral error theory and for moral constructivism. I reject the thesis, however, and, in this paper, I contend that several arguments that have been advanced in support of it are unsuccessful. I also argue that the thesis is in fact compatible with both moral realism and moral naturalism. Moral naturalists have nothing to fear from it.
Investigating Tumor-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Murine Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), in which autochthonous tumors develop into advanced-stage disease in the presence of a functional immune system, have contributed significantly to the understanding of most types of cancer. Using a GEMM of lung adenocarcinoma, we have found that immune cells are present in complex, highly organized, lymph node (LN)-like structures known as the tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures (TA-TLS). TA-TLS have been characterized in human lung cancer patients, but not in animal tumor models, and hence remain untapped targets for therapeutic interventions. We have shown that TA-TLS emerge as a result of tumor growth and that therapeutically depleting regulatory T cells (Tregs) from TA-TLS results in tumor elimination. Hence, a strong antitumor immune response exists but is suppressed in TA-TLS. Here, we describe a high-throughput immunofluorescence (IF) analysis pipeline for visualization and quantification of TA-TLS. Imaging the relatively small size of TA-TLS within tumor-bearing lung lobes using confocal microscopy is a labor-intensive process that can take up to 1 month. We have optimized this process and reduced the time required per lung lobe to 1-2 weeks using automated microscopy methods. Combining IF with multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we are able to interrogate not only the size and location of TA-TLS but also the activation status of immune cells within these structures. Using these techniques, investigation of TLS in lung adenocarcinoma combines cutting-edge technological tools in cancer biology and immunology to interrogate a fundamental, but poorly understood, tumor-associated immune structure.
Parents' Beliefs About Physical Activity for Their Children With Visual Impairments.

Despite having the desire to become physically active as a family, parents of children with visual impairments often lack the skills and resources needed to provide appropriate physical activities (PAs) for their children. The purpose of this study was to explore the intentions of parents of children with visual impairments toward including their children in PAs after participating in a PA program. In this descriptive qualitative study, the participants were 10 parents of children with visual impairments. A series of workshops were designed to provide parents with the skills and resources needed to promote PA for their family. Upon completion of the workshops, parents took part in one-on-one semistructured interviews that were subsequently transcribed and analyzed using a thematic line-by-line process. Two interdependent themes emerged from the data analyses: (a) eye-opening experiences and (b) transformed, more hopeful, and optimistic outlook. The results revealed that through the PA intervention, parents learned teaching strategies that were intended to increase their PA opportunities and garnered resources that allowed them to teach their children to participate in PA.
Flow Cytometry Identifies a Spectrum of Maturation in Myeloid Neoplasms Having Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Differentiation.

Background Neoplasms derived from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are currently divided into two broad categories: mature PDC proliferations associated with myeloid neoplasms (MPDMN) and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN); only BPDCN is recognized in the WHO 2016 classification of hematopoietic neoplasms. We present seven patients with high grade myeloid neoplasms (MNs), mostly acute leukemias, having a spectrum of PDC differentiation and not fitting with MPDMN or BPDCN. Methods We analyzed seven MN cases having increased myeloblasts and prominent CD56-negative PDC proliferations comprising 5-26% of bone marrow or blood cellularity as measured by flow cytometry. The cases included five acute myeloid leukemia (three FAB M4 subtype, two unclassified), one mixed phenotype acute leukemia, and one case of unclassified MN. Results Six cases demonstrated immunophenotypic evidence of PDC differentiation from leukemic blasts, based on variable expression of CD34, CD45, CD123, and CD304 by the leukemic cells. Four cases had circulating PDC populations in blood. None of the cases met clinical or pathologic criteria for BPDCN. Morphologic review was available for four acute leukemia cases and demonstrated either nodular or interstitial infiltrates of PDCs. All cases had an aggressive clinical course, and three cases had FLT3 ITD mutation. Conclusions These cases demonstrate that high grade MNs, in particular AML, can exhibit PDC differentiation, with or without monocytic differentiation, in a manner distinct from MPDMN or BPDCN. The existence of MNs with immature PDC proliferations suggests that there is a broader spectrum of PDC-associated neoplasms than currently recognized. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Deposition of Host Matrix Proteins on Breast Implant Surfaces Facilitates Staphylococcus Epidermidis Biofilm Formation: In Vitro Analysis.

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus epidermidis is a primary cause of breast implant-associated infection. S epidermidis possesses several virulence factors that enable it to bind both abiotic surfaces and host factors to form a biofilm. In addition S epidermidis colocalizes with matrix proteins coating explanted human breast implants. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to identify matrix proteins that S epidermidis may exploit to infect various breast implant surfaces in vitro. METHODS A combination of in vitro assays was used to characterize S epidermidis strains isolated from human breast implants to gain a better understanding of how these bacteria colonize breast implant surfaces. These included determining the (1) minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for irrigation solutions commonly used to prevent breast implant contamination; (2) expression and carriage of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin and serine-aspartate repeat proteins, which bind fibrinogen (SdrG) and collagen (SdrF), respectively; and (3) biofilm formation on varying implant surface characteristics, in different growth media, and supplemented with fibrinogen and Types I and III collagen. Scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence staining analyses were performed to corroborate findings from these assays. RESULTS Textured breast implant surfaces support greater bacterial biofilm formation at baseline, and the addition of collagen significantly increases biomass on all surfaces tested. We found that S epidermidis isolated from breast implants all encoded SdrF. Consistent with this finding, these strains had a clear affinity for Type I collagen, forming dense, highly structured biofilms in its presence. CONCLUSIONS The authors found that S epidermidis may utilize SdrF to interact with Type I collagen to form biofilm on breast implant surfaces. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
Individualizing Mathematics Drill and Practice: Variations on a Computer Program.

mains a concern. A major problem is inadequate available software. More than 90 percent of the educational computer programs reviewed by classroom teachers hired by a National Education Association foundation were found to be unacceptable ("Flunked Software" 1984), as were 95 percent of the language-arts software reviewed by subject-area leaders attending a meeting of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (Otto 1984). A partial solution to the problem of inadequate software is a core computer program that could easily be modified to fit the requirements of the mathematics curriculum and to offer students individualized drill, practice, or remediation. This article will present such a core microcomputer program (program 1), from which an unlimited variety of programs can be developed for individualizing drill and practice in mathematics. Suggested variations of program 1 are also presented. Program 1 and its modifica-
Robotic-Assisted versus Manual Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Contemporary Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Early Functional Outcomes.

Robotic-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (RA-UKA) aims to improve accuracy of component placement. Studies have shown improvement in radiographic positioning/alignment with RA-UKA but have not addressed clinical outcome measures (COMs). The purpose of this study was to determine if RA-UKA is associated with improved early revision rates and functional outcome scores (FOS) compared with manual UKA. A systematic review of all English language articles from 1999 to 2019 on RA-UKA using Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified 277 studies. Seven (three randomized controlled trials) met inclusion criteria. Revision rates/FOS were aggregated for RA-UKA and manual UKA; a forest plot was constructed utilizing inverse variance/Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effects meta-analysis. The seven articles included a total of 363 RA-UKA patients and 425 manual UKA patients. Mean age was 66 ± 3.5 and 65 ± 4.0 years, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 ± 2.1 and 27.1 ± 1.5 kg/m2, respectively. Mean follow-up was 25.5 months (4.5–48) and 29.1 months (4.5–48) for RA-UKA and manual UKA, respectively. At latest follow-up, RA-UKA patients showed a 26% ± 12 improvement in COMs versus 24% ± 12 improvement for manual UKA patients (p = 0.6). The revision rate was 3% for both groups (p = 0.8); however, a meta-analysis of RCTs showed no difference. Robotic and manual UKAs offer comparable improvements in pain, FOS, and revision rates. The effects of follow-up duration, ceiling effects of COMs, and surgeon experience remain unknown. Future studies comparing robotic versus manual UKAs with longer term follow-up may inform further benefits of each, with respect to component durability, alignment, and functional improvement.
Mass Transit Shutdowns as a Tactical Innovation in Bogotá, Colombia:

In a context of debilitated formal political institutions, a period of high levels of collective contention, and a protest culture in which road blockades are commonly used, this article argues tha...