cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Advanced Materials Beamline for Energy Research (AMBER)

Detailed mapping of the electronic structure is a crucial part of explaining the behavior of materials. It is the electronic structure that determines the conductivity and thermal properties. It is the electronic structure that determines chemical properties. Knowledge about the electronic structure can help in determining the atomic structure of molecules.
Autoimmunity in Psoriasis: Evidence for Specific Autoantigens

The pathophysiology of psoriasis is highly complex, and the role of autoantigens in psoriasis has been debated for decades. In this article, we examine the evidence in support of psoriasis autoantigens and their contribution to the development of this chronic, inflammatory condition. We also provide an overview of the known biological functions of these psoriasis autoantigens and their potential role in the pathogenesis of psoriatic disease. Since 2014, three potential psoriasis autoantigens (LL-37, ADAMTSL5, and PLA2G4D) have been described in the scientific literature. Current evidence lends support for the role of autoantigens in psoriasis and offers insights into the underlying mechanisms enabling the breakdown of immune tolerance in the skin. A systematic approach to identify novel psoriasis autoantigens is needed and has the potential to lead to the development of novel interventions and/or treatment strategies, including a possible cure for this condition.
Enzyme That Makes You Cry–Crystal Structure of Lachrymatory Factor Synthase from Allium cepa

The biochemical pathway that gives onions their savor is part of the chemical warfare against microbes and animals. This defense mechanism involves formation of a volatile lachrymatory factor (LF) ((Z)-propanethial S-oxide) that causes familiar eye irritation associated with onion chopping. LF is produced in a reaction catalyzed by lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS). The principles by which LFS facilitates conversion of a sulfenic acid substrate into LF have been difficult to experimentally examine owing to the inherent substrate reactivity and lability of LF. To shed light on the mechanism of LF production in the onion, we solved crystal structures of LFS in an apo-form and in complex with a substrate analogue, crotyl alcohol. The enzyme closely resembles the helix-grip fold characteristic for plant representatives of the START (star-related lipid transfer) domain-containing protein superfamily. By comparing the structures of LFS to that of the abscisic acid receptor, PYL10, a representative of the START...
Survival of Upper Piedmont Stream Fishes Implanted with 8-mm Passive Integrated Transponder Tags

AbstractWe studied weekly and bimonthly survival of select nongame fishes that were implanted with 8-mm PIT tags in upper Piedmont streams of South Carolina, USA. Weekly survival in stream enclosures was assessed for a total of 350 tagged individuals and 311 control (untagged) fish (39–101 mm TL; median = 65 mm TL) belonging to six species (Bluehead Chub Nocomis leptocephalus, Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus, Yellowfin Shiner Notropis lutipinnis, Mottled Sculpin Cottus bairdii, Northern Hog Sucker Hypentelium nigricans, and Striped Jumprock Moxostoma rupiscartes). Weekly survival rates ranged from 93.3% to 100% among species, with Yellowfin Shiners experiencing the lowest survival rate. Only 2 of the 337 surviving tagged individuals lost their tags (0.6% tag loss). Logistic regression indicated that species and body length were statistically significant predictors of survival and tag retention. Odds ratios indicated that tagged fish were 1.718 times less likely to survive than control fish, but the tag...
Untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Lebanese patients: an observational study using standard karyotyping and FISH.

Aim We aimed to understand the biology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in Lebanon. Materials & methods We applied conventional cytogenetic and FISH studies on Lebanese patients diagnosed with CLL and undergoing a watch and wait approach. Results Our study disclosed 53.6% of patients with aberrant karyotypes among which 26.7% were complex karyotypes. Genetic aberrations included del(13q14) 46.4%, 14q32 translocation in 25%, trisomy 12 in 14.3%, del(17p13) and del(11q22) in 7.1% each. The deletion of 6q21/6q23 was not found in any of our patients. Conclusion The higher prevalence of del(13q14) as a sole abnormality could be the primary event in inducing CLL. The del(17p13) and del(11q22) followed as potential drivers for progression in CLL patients with a watch and wait approach.
The Knowledge Object Reference Ontology (KORO): A formalism to support management and sharing of computable biomedical knowledge for learning health systems.

Introduction Health systems are challenged by care underutilization, overutilization, disparities, and related harms. One problem is a multiyear latency between discovery of new best practice knowledge and its widespread adoption. Decreasing this latency requires new capabilities to better manage and more rapidly share biomedical knowledge in computable forms. Knowledge objects package machine-executable knowledge resources in a way that easily enables knowledge as a service. To help improve knowledge management and accelerate knowledge sharing, the Knowledge Object Reference Ontology (KORO) defines what knowledge objects are in a formal way. Methods Development of KORO began with identification of terms for classes of entities and for properties. Next, we established a taxonomical hierarchy of classes for knowledge objects and their parts. Development continued by relating these parts via formally defined properties. We evaluated the logical consistency of KORO and used it to answer several competency questions about parthood. We also applied it to guide knowledge object implementation. Results As a realist ontology, KORO defines what knowledge objects are and provides details about the parts they have and the roles they play. KORO provides sufficient logic to answer several basic but important questions about knowledge objects competently. KORO directly supports creators of knowledge objects by providing a formal model for these objects. Conclusion KORO provides a formal, logically consistent ontology about knowledge objects and their parts. It exists to help make computable biomedical knowledge findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. KORO is currently being used to further develop and improve computable knowledge infrastructure for learning health systems.
CosmoFlow: using deep learning to learn the universe at scale

Deep learning is a promising tool to determine the physical model that describes our universe. To handle the considerable computational cost of this problem, we present CosmoFlow: a highly scalable deep learning application built on top of the TensorFlow framework. CosmoFlow uses efficient implementations of 3D convolution and pooling primitives, together with improvements in threading for many element-wise operations, to improve training performance on Intel® Xeon Phi™ processors. We also utilize the Cray PE Machine Learning Plugin for efficient scaling to multiple nodes. We demonstrate fully synchronous data-parallel training on 8192 nodes of Cori with 77% parallel efficiency, achieving 3.5 Pflop/s sustained performance. To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale science application of the TensorFlow framework at supercomputer scale with fully-synchronous training. These enhancements enable us to process large 3D dark matter distribution and predict the cosmological parameters ΩsubM/sub, σsub8/sub and nsubs/sub with unprecedented accuracy.
Rh(CAAC)-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation: Evidence for Nanocatalysis and Sterically Controlled Site-Selective Hydrogenation

We report the arene hydrogenation of ethers, amides, and esters at room temperature and low hydrogen pressure, starting from [(CAAC)Rh(COD)Cl] (CAAC = cyclic alkyl amino carbene). Kinetic, mechanis...
Learning to Fuse Proposals from Multiple Scanline Optimizations in Semi-Global Matching

Semi-Global Matching (SGM) uses an aggregation scheme to combine costs from multiple 1D scanline optimizations that tends to hurt its accuracy in difficult scenarios. We propose replacing this aggregation scheme with a new learning-based method that fuses disparity proposals estimated using scanline optimization. Our proposed SGM-Forest algorithm solves this problem using per-pixel classification. SGM-Forest currently ranks 1st on the ETH3D stereo benchmark and is ranked competitively on the Middlebury 2014 and KITTI 2015 benchmarks. It consistently outperforms SGM in challenging settings and under difficult training protocols that demonstrate robust generalization, while adding only a small computational overhead to SGM.
Murine bone properties and their relationship to gait during growth

Allometric relationships have been queried over orders of mammals to understand how bone accommodates the mechanical demands associated with increasing mass. However, less attention has been given to the scaling of bone within a single lifetime. We aimed to determine if bone morphology and apparent density is related to (1) bending and compressive strength, and (2) gait dynamics. Longitudinal in vivo computed tomography and gait data were collected from female rats (n=5, age 8 - 20 weeks). Cross sectional properties and apparent density were measured at the diaphysis, distal, and proximal regions of the tibia and scaling exponents were calculated. Finite-element models were used to simulate four-point bending and axial compression using time-specific ground reaction forces (GRF) to calculate the mean strain energy density (SED) at the midshaft. Second moment of area at the diaphysis followed strain similarity based allometry, while bone area was positively allometric. The average SED at the diaphysis decreased, especially after the age of 10 weeks (R 2 =0.99), while it increased in compression (R 2 =0.96). The apparent density in all regions initially increased and converged by 11 weeks of age and this was correlated with changes in joint angle. The scaling analyses implies that rodent tibia is (re)modeled in order to sustain bending at the midshaft during growth. The finite element results and relatively constant density after 10 weeks of age indicate that structural parameters may be the primary determinant of bone strength in the growing rodent tibia. The correlations between bone properties and joint angles imply that the changes in posture may affect bone growth in specific regions.
A clinician's guide to resources on evidence-based medicine.

Baylor Health Care System has always been dedicated to providing the highest quality health care. As we enter the next millennium, new ideas and strategies for health care improvement continue to be explored. Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a concept that is being emphasized to improve patient care. Physicians have typically practiced medicine under the guise of “traditional care.” This usually involves basing decisions on the current standard of practice, which relies on colleagues, panels of experts, and other groups of decision makers. Decisions based on habits should be replaced with decisions based on objective research, which provides a scientific basis for treatment choices. Today, there is a clear trend towards the use of EBM, in which clinical science helps the practicing physician formulate treatment plans. Of course, this does not mean that practicing medicine will be a more simplistic endeavor. Judgment based upon a patient's unique circumstances always plays a role in any decision. In actuality, EBM should be used as a guide in formulating treatment decisions and must never be automatically accepted. The prudent physician should carefully weigh sound evidence as it relates to a particular scenario, incorporate the data as appropriate given the myriad variables involved, and discuss the information openly with the patient to make decisions together on a particular treatment. Shared decision making becomes an integral part of this process. An overwhelming amount of information is available to both patients and physicians. Interpreting scientific data can be a formidable chore that discourages objective, critical appraisals of the literature. Trying to discern what constitutes the latest evidence in a particular subject can be challenging. In an attempt to promote an efficient, timely search of the literature, I provide a list of sources to help the clinician wade through the clutter of information to make the best possible treatment decisions. Most sources are on the Internet, as this is the easiest way to acquire pertinent information quickly. However, the Internet can provide its share of frustration, particularly with general Web searches, which frequently provide useless information. Many medical-based Web sites do not provide the data we seek or at best are of inconsistent quality. Some “jewels” do exist, which have been found to help the clinician find the relevant data needed to practice EBM. These Web sites have been recommended through the help of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound (Washington), regarded as a world leader in EBM. The following sites have a common approach to acquiring, critically appraising, and integrating information for day-to-day practice.
Using TPACK as a framework to study the influence of college faculty’s beliefs on online teaching

The purpose of this multiple case study was to understand how the beliefs of college of education faculty members about their students and teaching online influenced their online teaching. The stud...
Aging: Nutrition and the Older Adults

Aging and nutrition interact: aging influences nutrient requirements, their absorption, and metabolism; and diet is a powerful risk factor for aging-associated diseases. Nutritional requirements in older adults differ from those in younger adults due to aging-associated conditions and diseases, drug–nutrient interactions, and social and economic factors. This is why the older adults require different amounts of vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients. In this age group, malnutrition is a common, but frequently underdiagnosed condition, which interacts with illness to increase mortality. This is why the assessment of nutritional status is very important for them.
Extradomain-B Fibronectin is a molecular marker of invasive breast cancer cells

Abstract Breast tumor heterogeneity is a major impediment to oncotherapy. Tumor cells undergo rapid clonal evolution, thereby acquiring significant growth and invasive advantages. The absence of specific markers of these high-risk tumors precludes efficient therapeutic and diagnostic management of breast cancer. Given the critical function of tumor microenvironment in the oncogenic circuitry, we sought to determine the role of the extracellular matrix oncoprotein, extradomain-B fibronectin (EDB-FN), as a molecular marker of aggressive cancers. High-risk invasive cell lines generated from relatively less invasive MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells by long-term TGF-β treatment and chemoresistance demonstrated hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype, enhanced motility, and significantly elevated EDB-FN levels in 2D- and 3D-cultures. To determine if EDB-FN could serve as a therapy-predictive marker, the invasive cell lines were treated with MK2206-HCl, a pan-AKT inhibitor. Phospho-AKT depletion reduced EMT and invasion of the populations, with a concomitant decrease in EDB-FN expression, partly through the phosphoAKT-SRp55 pathway, demonstrating that EDB-FN expression is strongly associated with high-risk breast cancer. EDB-FN is a promising molecular marker for accurate detection, differential diagnosis, and non-invasive therapeutic surveillance of aggressive breast cancer. Summary Statement Dynamic changes in invasive properties of breast cancer cells directly influence extradomain-B fibronectin levels, suggesting its potential role as a molecular marker for active surveillance and therapeutic monitoring of breast cancer.
Thermomechanical-Noise-Limited Capacitive Transduction of Encapsulated MEM Resonators

The thermomechanical motion imposes the fundamental noise limit in room-temperature resonant sensors and oscillators. Due to the inherently low sensitivity of capacitive transduction in microelectromechanical (MEM) resonators, its effects are often masked by noise in the subsequent amplifier and measurement stages. In this work, we demonstrate a capacitive transduction scheme for measuring kHz-MHz frequency MEM resonators across 1 $\mu \text{m}$ capacitive gaps with 99.8% thermomechanical-noise-limited resolution. We delineate the transimpedance gain and noise of our custom off-chip differential transimpedance amplifier setup. The thermomechanical noise spectrum can provide estimates of the resonant frequency, quality factor, and electromechanical transduction factor comparable to the commonly used driven response, without the downsides of capacitive feedthrough or nonlinearity. [2019-0115]
Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System Insertion

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNGIUS) is one of the most effective, safe, and convenient reversible contraceptive methods. The number of women choosing an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception is increasing in the United States due to the fact that the LNG IUS can be used in women irrespective of age or parity and is one of the least expensive and most effective methods of long-acting, reversible contraception (LARC). LNG IUS insertion is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed in the office setting by trained providers.
Structural strengthening of square spread footings using circular external prestressing

Abstract Footing enlargement method is widely used to increase the load carrying capacity of obsolete spread footings. The traditional method involves addition of new concrete and dowel bars, along with splicing of steel bars, which is labor intensive and impractical. This paper presents a new strengthening system that utilizes an unbonded post-tensioning system. The original square footing was turned into a circular footing, using ordinary reinforced concrete. The new system is more applicable, as the connections are achieved by the confinement actions provided by the prestressing strands. To investigate the proposed system, finite element models were built and analyzed in ABAQUS. The original as well as all strengthened footings failed in punching shear, and the proposed system proved to be efficient in improving the punching shear capacity. The investigated parameters include amount of prestressing force, shear-span to depth ratio, eccentricity of strands, flexural reinforcement ratio, and notch length. The finite element results suggest that the amount of prestressing force had the most significant influence on the punching shear behavior of strengthened footing. For original spread footings, the empirical model for punching shear presented in Eurocode 2 (acri = d/2) was found to serve as a good analytical model, as the predictions from this model yielded the best agreements with the FEA results. For the strengthened footings, an analytical model was proposed by modifying the empirical model adopted by Eurocode 2. A new factor η was introduced, which reflects the effects of all investigated parameters.
Performance Evaluation of Five Sediment Barriers Using a Full-Scale Testing Apparatus

Erosion and sediment controls on construction sites minimize environmental impacts from sediment-laden stormwater runoff. Sediment is contained on project sites by installing sediment barriers. However, there is little performance-based testing data for the various designs, configurations, and materials for sediment barriers. To better understand sediment barrier performance, researchers at the Auburn University-Erosion and Sediment Control Testing Facility (AU-ESCTF) developed a full-scale testing apparatus to conduct performance testing on sediment barriers. Using this apparatus, researchers have evaluated five sediment barrier options to compare performance and identify possible shortcomings using standardized full-scale testing methods. This performance testing subjected sediment barrier practices to simulated field conditions typically experienced on-site without the variability of testing in nonstandard field locations or the limitations imposed by small-scale testing. Through testing, the researchers measured sediment barrier performance in the following areas: improvement in water quality by measuring turbidity, sediment retention, and structural integrity. The sediment barriers were installed using the same tools and techniques used for construction site installation. The full-scale testing apparatus exposed the evaluated sediment barriers to water and sediment loads expected to be encountered as the result of a 2-year, 24-h storm for central Alabama. Two nonwoven, wire-backed silt fence installations were evaluated with which the standard trenched method proved to capture a greater amount of sediment compared to the sliced-method of installation, which experienced significant undermining. The best performing practice was the ALDOT Sediment Retention Barrier that captured over 90% of sediment introduced without undermining. The worst performing practice was a wheat straw wattle that undermined so significantly, it was deemed to be a failing practice, resulting in the premature stoppage of each test.
Wearable computing of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's disease: A survey

Abstract Freezing of Gait (FoG) is defined as a sudden and short event in which a patient loses the ability to step forward. Advanced Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients frequently experience these events. When FoG occurs, falling is possible and this has a severe influence on patients' quality of lives. Recently, the research on detecting and predicting FoG and falls in PD has increased rapidly. However, there has not been a recent systematic survey in this area to conclude the efficacy of wearable devices in both detection and prediction in different environments (clinical, laboratory, home). Thus, this survey summarizes the previous research on FoG computing in sensor selection, feature extraction, algorithms and performance, which provides sufficient background knowledge on the state-of-the-art research. In this paper, we discuss a series of FoG challenges and integral future research trends, which will allow for the advancement of further research.
Proof of NRQCD factorization at all orders in the coupling constant in heavy quarkonium production

Recently the proof of the factorization in heavy quarkonium production in the NRQCD color octet mechanism is given at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the coupling constant by using diagrammatic method of QCD. In this paper we prove factorization in heavy quarkonium production in the NRQCD color octet mechanism at all orders in the coupling constant by using the path integral method of QCD. Our proof is valid to all powers in the relative velocity of the heavy quark. We find that the gauge invariance and the factorization at all orders in the coupling constant require gauge-completed non-perturbative NRQCD matrix elements that were introduced previously to prove factorization at NNLO.
Development of a balanced cracking index for asphalt mixtures tested in semi-circular bending with load-LLD measurements

Abstract In this study, a new Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) Balanced Cracking Index (BCI), is introduced as an alternative cracking index to the FI and CRI, which are based on the IL-SCB test (AASHTO TP 124). The high coefficient of variation (COV), high susceptibility to aging, and reliance on slope parameter in the previous index, called flexibility index (FI) was the motivation to develop a new index. The BCI is computed as fracture energy times the load-line displacement corresponding to 75% of the Pmax after the peak load (L75) is reached. The cracking behavior of 52 asphalt mixtures was investigated using three SCB indices: FI, CRI, and BCI, which was introduced herein. By analyzing identical data sets, it was found that the FI, BCI, and CRI indices were accompanied with significantly different coefficient of variability (COV) levels: 34.6%, 17.5%, and 11.4%, respectively. Although some general correlation between the indices was noted, the overall ranking of mixtures differed when comparing the three indices to field performance. The FI parameter is heavily driven by the slope of the load–displacement curve at the inflection point, and to that point, was not found to correlate with the fracture energy. Although fracture energy appears in the index, it is overwhelmed by the influence of the slope parameter. On the other hand, the BCI is driven both by the fracture energy and the L75 parameter. To illustrate the applicability of the BCI to predict cracking performance in the field, ten field sections were investigated. In contrast to other SCB indices, the BCI had the highest correlation with field data, suggesting its potential value in predicting the cracking performance of asphaltic pavement surfaces. The BCI was also shown to be superior in delineating groups of means, owing to its relatively low COV while having relatively high sensitivity to the effects of common mixture variables. All SCB indices investigated produced non-intuitive trends with respect to the effects of air voids and ground tire rubber on cracking index scores.
Geographic Variation in Anticoagulant Use and Resident, Nursing Home, and County Characteristics Associated With Treatment Among US Nursing Home Residents

Abstract Objectives To quantify geographic variation in anticoagulant use and explore what resident, nursing home, and county characteristics were associated with anticoagulant use in a clinically complex population. Design A repeated cross-sectional design was used to estimate current oral anticoagulant use on December 31, 2014, 2015, and 2016. Setting and Participants Secondary data for United States nursing home residents during the period 2014-2016 were drawn from the Minimum Data Set 3.0 and Medicare Parts A and D. Nursing home residents (≥65 years) with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and ≥6 months of Medicare fee-for-service enrollment were eligible for inclusion. Residents in a coma or on hospice were excluded. Methods Multilevel logistic models evaluated the extent to which variation in anticoagulant use between counties could be explained by resident, nursing home, and county characteristics and state of residence. Proportional changes in cluster variation (PCVs), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated. Results Among 86,736 nursing home residents from 11,860 nursing homes and 1694 counties, 45% used oral anticoagulants. The odds of oral anticoagulant use were 18% higher in 2016 than 2014 (aOR: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.22). Most states had counties in the highest (51.3-58.9%) and lowest (31.1%-41.4%) deciles of anticoagulant use. Compared with the null model, adjustment for resident characteristics explained one-third of the variation between counties (PCV: 34.8%). The full model explained 65.5% of between-county variation. Within-county correlation was a small proportion (ICC Conclusions and Implications In this older adult population at high risk for ischemic stroke, less than half of the residents received treatment with anticoagulants. Variation in treatment across counties was partially attributable to the characteristics of residents, nursing homes, and counties. Comparative evidence and refinement of predictive algorithms specific to the nursing home setting may be warranted.
The Effects of Pain on Brain and Behavior During Cognitive and Motor Performances in Older Adults

Pain is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. The moderating effect of pain on cortical control of locomotion has not been assessed. This study examined the effects of subjective pain on changes in fNIRS-derived oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2), gait velocity, and cognitive accuracy from single to dual-task walking conditions among older adults. Participants (n=383; 55% female; mean age=76) were community-residing older adults. Participants completed two single tasks [Single-Task-Walk (STW) and Cognitive Interference (Alpha)] and the Dual-Task-Walk (DTW), during which participants performed the two single tasks simultaneously. The MOS- PSS and PES were used to assess pain severity and interference. Gait velocity was assessed with an electronic gait mat, cognitive accuracy was measured using the rate of correct letter generation. Linear mixed effects models revealed that HbO2 increased in DTW compared to STW (p < .001) and Alpha (p < .05). The presence of perceived pain was associated with an attenuated increase in HbO2 from Alpha to DTW (p < .05). Amongst those with pain, worse pain severity was associated with an attenuated increase in HbO2 from STW to DTW (p < .001). Pain interference did not moderate the increase in HbO2 from single to dual tasks. Pain did not have a moderating effect on behavioral outcomes. These results indicate that task-related changes in the hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex during walking may be a sensitive marker to the effects of subjective pain on brain function in older adults.
When in Rome: Local Social Norms and Tournament Incentives

We investigate whether social capital influences the use and effectiveness of tournament structure of compensation. We find that pay differentials between the CEO and other executives, or tournament, are lower in U.S. counties with higher social capital. In addition, lower pay differentials are associated with better firm performance in regions with higher social capital. We use a variety of experiments which are shown to change social capital, such as legalization of medical and recreational use of marijuana or moving corporate headquarters. Our results remain robust. These findings suggest that social capital impact firms’ compensation setting decisions and firm performance.
From seed to flower: blossoming of microglia in development and brain repair

Physiological functions require coordination of processes between diverse organs, tissues, and cells. This integrative view of science has reemerged complementary to the reductionist philosophy of studying individual cell types. An integrative approach has proven particularly powerful within the field of neuroscience where, intermingled among the most numerous neural cell types of the brain, are immune cells called microglia. Microglia act as a line of defense in the CNS by phagocytizing harmful pathogens and cellular debris and by releasing a variety of factors that mediate immune responses. However, microglia are also appreciated as critical mediators of neurophysiology making them a desired target to rectify neuropathological states. The goal of this review is to discuss microglia ontogenesis, referred to as microgliogenesis, a term that encompasses the events that drive the production, differentiation, migration, and maturation of microglia and opportunities to target microglia for brain repair.
Design Essential #2: Professional Skill Development

When incorporating the entrepreneurial mindset into existing courses throughout the university, there are four curriculum design essentials. The previous chapter discussed Entrepreneurial Integration as the foundational design element. While it is necessary to link entrepreneurship to existing course content, this in itself is not enough. In this chapter, we introduce the additional importance of Professional Skill Development. Entrepreneurship is very rarely done in isolation, which is why professional skills—and especially communication and collaboration—are critical components of the entrepreneurial mindset. Practicing communication provides students with the opportunity to convey problems and solutions in a variety of terms such as economic, manufacturing, and environmental, ultimately developing the ability to logically substantiate claims using data and analysis. Collaboration provides an opportunity for deeper learning, allowing students to engage in high-level tasks, discussion and debate, and shared decision-making. The purpose of this chapter is to express how professional skills of communication and collaboration connect to and support development of the entrepreneurial mindset, explain the communication process and common challenges to communication, and describe the five stages of team development and common challenges to teamwork. This chapter concludes with pedagogical recommendations for integrating professional skill development within the classroom.
Beyond Hieroglyphics: II

The relation of Philippe Grandrieux’ work to any Artaudian process of cinema and the body is only further complicated by the artist’s invocation of Pierre Klossowski’s la monnaie vivante in the same breath as Artaud and Sade. If the process of cinema was Sadean from the start, Grandrieux claims, its fufillment in the “folds” of Artaud’s “new body” is also the simulacrum of Klossowski’s “living currency.” This body-in-formation Grandrieux characterizes as “the opposite of virtuality.” Artaud at the end of his life does “spit” on virtuality as another ghostly representation, cast off as another gaseous idea, or swindle of the cross. Writing in 1947, Artaud rants, “there is nothing that I abominate and that I shit upon more than this idea of spectacle, of representation,/therefore of virtuality, of non-reality …” Klossowski’s La Monnaie vivante (1970), such a huge influence on Michel Foucault, Jean Baudrillard, Jean-Francois Lyotard, and Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s Capitalism and Schizophrenia project, argued contemporary capitalism had already enacted a situation where the ‘economic’ reigned only as a simulacrum of the economy of affects, needs, passions—a parody of the economy of bodies. What was taken seriously as economics was constituted by “objects of sensation … [that] would be living beings.” These “objects of sensation” are exchanged as payment between producers and consumers, in a dystopia Klossowski outlines where male workers are paid in females, females are paid “in boys”, not so much a dystopia really as state of affairs which already exists—given these bodies are the source of all affects, emotions, sensations. Not a system of slavery or prostitution that would reaffirm the primacy of money, but of human beings themselves as the ultimate currency. Perhaps it is Klossowski who most closely approximates what Grandrieux terms the bodies, “Fabricated, machined, modifiable, transformed into a commodity.”
Effectiveness of nurse practitioner coordinated team group visits for type 2 diabetes in medically underserved Appalachia.

Purpose: To study the effectiveness of multidisciplinary nurse practitioner coordinated team (NPCT) group visits in medically underserved Appalachia on the health, knowledge, and self-efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM). The study also identified perceived barriers to participating in the diabetes programs. Data sources: A researcher-developed tool was used to assess demographic data, clinical data, and barriers to care. The participants completed the Diabetes Knowledge Tests and the Diabetes Empowerment Scales. Two groups were assessed. One group participated in the diabetes intervention, and the other received usual care. Both groups completed the instruments prior to the intervention and after the intervention was completed. Conclusions: The group that participated in the intervention had better clinical outcomes (blood glucose and A1Cs), greater knowledge, and better self-efficacy following the intervention than the usual care groups. This suggests that the intervention was important in improving outcomes of patients with type 2 DM. Barriers to care included fuel, time, family, work, and transportation. Barriers need to be addressed in order to have more patients participate in such programs. Implications for practice: NPCT group visits may represent an effective means of integrating diabetes self-management education and medical management in a family practice clinic in medically underserved areas.
Enhanced Quench Protection in REBa 2 Cu 3 O δ-7 -Based Coils by Enhancing Three-Dimensional Quench Propagation via Thermally Conducting Electrical Insulation

This simulation explores the effects of insulation properties on quench propagation in ReBa 2Cu 3O δ-7-based coils. At present, superconducting magnets primarily use insulators that are electrically and thermally insulating, for example, Kapton. Here, the impact of varying the thermal conductivity of the electrical insulation on quench behavior is reported. In particular, the behavior of a Kapton-insulated coil is compared with one insulated with doped TiO 2, one insulated with “ideal Al 2O 3”, and one noninsulated coil. The effects on minimum quench energy and normal zone propagation behavior are investigated. In addition, a new concept, the current sharing volume (CSV), which accounts for two- or three-dimensional normal zone propagation, is introduced. The CSV is defined as the volume of coil for which the temperature is above the current sharing temperature. The simulation results show that the transverse thermal conductivity and insulation thickness strongly influence the normal zone propagation velocity, thus impacting the quench detection time and hotspot temperature. As expected, the coils insulated with the higher thermal conductivity alternatives exhibited faster normal zone growth and lower hotspot temperatures relative to CSV growth. The impact of improved thermal conductivity of turn-to-turn insulation becomes even greater when distributed sensing replaces voltage-based sensing.
Further developments on 'HeadCam': joint estimation of camera rotation+gain group of transformations for wearable bi-foveated cameras

An eyeglass-mounted camera system with wearable multimedia computer ('WearCam') was previously proposed. In particular, 'WearCam' contains two miniature cameras: one (wide-angle in landscape orientation) provides the overall contextual information from the wearer's perspective, while the other (telephoto, in portrait orientation) provides close-up details, such as faces. This 'bi-foveated' scheme was found to work well within the context of a proposed model of image motion characterized by a projective (homographic) coordinate transformation together with a gain transformation. Applications of 'WearCam' include personal safety (crime prevention and personal documentary), perceptual intelligence/situational awareness (in the context of personal wearable multimedia), and homographic modeling (wearable, tetherless computer-mediated reality). A pencigraphic image representation is presented where the photometric response function of the camera is determined to within a constant, and the registered images are assembled into a photometric environment map, yielding an estimate, to within a constant scale factor, of the number of photons of light coming from each angle, toward the wearer.
Biosensing Using Carbon Nanotube Field-effect Transistors

The sections in this article are Overview Introduction Carbon Nanotube Field-effect Transistors (NTFETs) Carbon Nanotubes Nanotube Synthesis Fabrication of NTFETs Sensor Applications of NTFETs Sensitivity of NTFETs to Chemical Environment Bioconjugates of Carbon Nanotubes Protein Detection Detection of Antibody–Antigen Interactions DNA Detection Enzymatic Reactions Glucose Detection Conclusion and Outlook
An MPI/GPU parallelization of an interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin time domain method for Maxwell's equations

[1] In this paper we discuss our approach to the MPI/GPU implementation of an Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Time domain (IPDGTD) method to solve the time dependent Maxwell's equations. In our approach, we exploit the inherent DGTD parallelism and describe a combined MPI/GPU and local time stepping implementation. This combination is aimed at increasing efficiency and reducing computational time, especially for multiscale applications. The CUDA programming model was used, together with non-blocking MPI calls to overlap communications across the network. A 10× speedup compared to CPU clusters is observed for double precision arithmetic. Finally, for p = 1 basis functions, a good scalability with parallelization efficiency of 85% for up to 40 GPUs and 80% for up to 160 CPU cores was achieved on the Ohio Supercomputer Center's Glenn cluster.
Common origin for radio relics and halos: galaxy cluster-wide, homogeneous cosmic-ray distribution, and evolving magnetic fields

Some galaxy clusters show diffuse radio emission in the form of peripheral relics (so far attributed to primary, shock-(re)accelerated electrons) or central halos. Analysing radio and X-ray data from the literature, we find new connections between halos and relics, such as a universal linear relation between their peak radio brightness and the gas column density. Our results indicate that halos, relics, and halo–relic bridges in a cluster, all arise from the same, homogeneous cosmic ray (CR) ion (CRI) distribution. We analytically derive the signature of synchrotron emission from secondary electrons and positrons (CREs) produced in hadronic CRI collisions, for an arbitrary magnetic field evolution. In our model, flat spectrum halos (both giant and minihalos) arise from steady-state magnetic fields, whereas relics and steep halos reflect recent or irregular magnetic growth. This naturally explains the properties of halos, relics, and the connections between them, without invoking particle (re)acceleration in weak shocks or turbulence. We find CRI energy densities in the range up ≃ 10 [12.4,13.3] erg cm 3 , with a spectral index sp = −2.20 ± 0.05, and identify an ǫB ∼ 0.1 magnetic fraction in some halos and behind relics, as far as 2 Mpc from the cluster’s centre. The CRI homogeneity suggests strong CR diffusion, D(100 GeV) & 10 32 cm 2 s 1 . The strong magnetisation imposes strict upper limits on > 10 GeV CRE (re)acceleration in weak shocks (efficiencyǫe < 10 4 ) and turbulence; indeed, each weak shock slightly lowers the energy fraction of flat CRs.
Cyclic metabolic pathway of a butylated hydroxytoluene by rat liver microsomal fractions

A cyclic metabolic pathway was obtained when 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) was incubated with a rat liver microsomal preparation. The pathway is as follows: BHT --> 4-hydroperoxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-t-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone (BHT-OOH) --> 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-t-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dienone (BHT-3(0)OH) --> BHT. This metabolic pathway suggests that antioxidants such as BHT owe their high efficacy, at least in part, to their metabolic regeneration.
Influence of L-tryptophan on morphine analgesia, tolerance and physical dependence.

Four hours after the acute administration of L-tryptophan (75 mg/kg) to either, nontolerant or morphine-tolerant mice, the antinociceptive effect of morphine was partially and significantly antagonized. Daily tryptophan administration to rats and mice during a 3-day morphine pellet implantation period increased the rates of both morphine tolerance development and development of physical dependence. The accelerating effect of tryptophan on tolerance and dependence development in mice was antagonized by pretreatment with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine. Acute tryptophan administration (75 mg/kg) significantly increased mouse brain 5-hydroxytryptamine levels for at least 4 hours. Although chronic tryptophan treatment increased 5-hydroxytryptamine turnover in morphine-treated mice, no effect of chronic morphine or tryptophan treatment on the particulate tryptophan hydroxylase activity of whole mouse brain was observed. Slight increases in tryptophan hydroxylase activity were observed in the caudate-putamen and septal areas of rat brain 3 and 6 days, respectively, after s.c. morphine pellet implantation. These and previous studies from our laboratory indicate that the development of morphine tolerance and dependence can be modified by agents affecting serotonergic mechanisms.
Expression of choline acetyltransferase and nerve growth factor receptor within hypoglossal motoneurons following nerve injury

In the present study we employed light microscopic immunocytochemical techniques in order to investigate the temporal response of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFr) within hypoglossal motoneurons following unilateral transection or crushing of the XII nerve or after intraneural injections of ricin into the nerve. In control rats (i.e., sham operated) virtually all the motoneurons of the XII nucleus displayed intense immunolabeling for ChAT and were devoid of NGFr immunoreactivity. As early as 3 days post-operative the intensity and the number of ChAT-labeled neurons were reduced on the axotomized side compared to the non-lesioned side. This decrease was maximal approximately two weeks post-operative when virtually no ChAT-labeled cells were present on the lesioned side. In contrast, no loss of hypoglossal neurons was found using Nissl stains. This absence of ChAT immunolabeling persisted for several days, yet by 30 days many of the motoneurons had begun to re-express the enzyme. In contrast to the decrease in ChAT immunoreactivity, transection of the XII nerve also resulted in the expression of NGFr immunoreactivity within the lesioned motoneurons. This response was detected as early as one day post-operatively and continued throughout all time points thus far examined including times after many of the motoneurons had begun to re-express ChAT. Crushing of the XII nerve effected the expression of ChAT and NGFr in a manner comparable to, yet less intense than, that observed following transection. Ricin injected directly into the XII nerve resulted in the loss of hypoglossal motoneurons as demonstrated both in immunohistochemical and Nissl-stained tissue preparations. The cell loss was readily apparent 3 days post-operatively, and ChAT immunoreactivity permanently disappeared. NGFr immunolabeling was seen only in scattered surviving neurons but not in ricin poisoned cells. The possible mechanisms underlying the differential expression of ChAT and NGFr are discussed.
Distinctive career orientations of Holland personality types

Abstract The primary source of empirical support for Holland's (1973) assumption that people tend to prefer and search for environments that are consistent with their dominant personal characteristics has been research on the tendency of college students to choose congenial college environments. The purpose of this study is to determine if a sample of male college students, classified according to Holland's six personality types, also prefer occupational environments that are consistent with their primary personal orientations. Stepwise, discriminant analysis procedures are used to test the null hypothesis that there are no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of occupational environments preferred by male students classified according to Holland's personality types. The relationship of the results of this analysis to possible improvements in the areas of career counseling and placement services and future research on job satisfaction in complex organizations is discussed.
Isolation and characterization of stelladerol, a new antioxidant naphthalene glycoside, and other antioxidant glycosides from edible daylily (hemerocallis) flowers.

Daylily (Hemerocallis spp.) flowers are utilized as an important ingredient in traditional Asian cuisine and are also valued for their reputed medicinal effects. In studies of the bioactive methanol and aqueous methanol extracts of lyophilized Hemerocallis cv. Stella de Oro flowers, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin 3-O-glycosides (1−9), phenethyl β-d-glucopyranoside (10), orcinol β-d-glucopyranoside (11), phloretin 2‘-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (12), phloretin 2‘-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (13), a new naphthalene glycoside, stelladerol (14), and an amino acid (longitubanine A) (15) have been isolated. All of these compounds were tested for their antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities. Stelladerol was found to possess strong antioxidant properties, inhibiting lipid oxidation by 94.6% ± 1.4 at 10 μM in an in vitro assay. Several of the flavonol 3-O-glycoside isolates also demonstrated modest antioxidant activities at 10 μM. None of the isolates inhibited cyclooxygenase act...