cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Interval Data Mining of At-A-Station Hydraulic Geometry to Quantify Temporal Stability

Hydraulic geometry, the relationships between a stream’s geometry (width and depth) and flow (velocity and discharge), is applicable to flood prediction, analysis of aquatic habitats, water resources management, and modeling point sources of pollution. Various investigators have described hydraulic geometry as stable over long periods of time but unstable over short periods of time. Data was mined in multiple, two-year intervals from an online source to compute and classify hydraulic geometry, as well as to quantify stability. Ordinal data describing bed material and nominal data describing channel evenness, and bank stability (which could affect hydraulic geometry stability) were also mined. In this paper, the temporal stability of at-a-station hydraulic geometry at cross-sections from rivers in mountainous and non-mountainous watersheds in Tennessee was compared by mining data to compute hydraulic geometry from stream flow and channel geometry measurements collected and archived by the U.S. Geological Survey from at least five successive two-year intervals. A variance was computed for each station, which were used to compute pooled variances for mountainous non-mountainous watersheds. An F-test comparing the pooled variances revealed no statistically significant difference, thus, our data suggest that differences in regional topographic setting in Tennessee did not produce differences in the magnitude of temporal stability of at-a-station hydraulic geometry. Data mining can contribute to basic research involving empirical investigations of statistical relationships between environmental variables and hydraulic geometry, as well as theoretical studies that predict hydraulic geometry from physical principles. Furthermore, data mining can provide readily-available hydraulic geometry input for modeling water quality, flooding, and stream habitat. Such applications would benefit from multi-interval hydraulic geometry data for sensitivity and time series analysis, as well as for determining how frequently model output should be updated.
Medical Management of Penile and Urethral Lichen Sclerosus with Topical Clobetasol Improves Long-Term Voiding Symptoms and Quality of Life.

Purpose:We evaluated the success of minimally invasive management of lichen sclerosus with topical and intraurethral clobetasol, as defined by improvement in patient reported outcome measures and n...
Treatment of Sepsis-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Purpose: To assess the clinical safety and possible effectiveness of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) related to sepsis Methods: Under FDA Investigational New Drug clearance, 8 patients with ARDS related to sepsis were treated with 50 pmole/kg/hr – 100 pmole/kg/hr of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide by intravenous infusion for 12 hours. All patients were on mechanical ventilation and full telemetery. Results: No drug-related serious adverse events were seen. Hypotension was seen in association with two infusions and diarrhea in association with one, but did not necessitate cessation of therapy. Bigeminy was seen in association with one infusion without sequelae. Seven of eight patients demonstrated a successful course during intensive care and were successfully removed from mechanical ventilation and discharged from intensive care. The eighth patient succumbed to purulent secretions in the lungs. Of those who were discharged from the ICU, six demonstrated successful 30 day survival. The seventh died from a cerebral infract at day 30, deemed unrelated to treatment with VIP. Serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor α were obtained in 6 patients at baseline and 24 hours and were seen to decrease with treatment in five patients. Conclusions: Initial clinical results of treatment with VIP in patients with ARDS demonstrated a safety profile consistent with previous studies in normal volunteers. The successful clinical course seen in 7 of 8 patients in the setting of an expected 50% survival may suggest that VIP shows promise in the treatment of other infectious conditions that damage the pulmonary epithelium, particularly COVID-19.
Why are black adults over-represented among individuals who have experienced lifetime homelessness? Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis of homelessness among US male adults.

Background Non-Hispanic black adults experience homelessness at higher rates than non-Hispanic white adults in many studies. We aim to identify factors that could account for this disparity. Methods We used national survey data on non-Hispanic black and white men with complete data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III. Using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis, we examined race-based disparities in correlates of risk for lifetime homelessness. Results In our analysis, 905 of 11 708 (7.7%) respondents, representing 6 million adults nationwide, reported lifetime homelessness. Black adults were 1.41 times more likely to have been homeless than white adults (95% CI 1.14 to 1.73; p=0.002). Overall, 81.6% of race-based inequality in lifetime homelessness were explained by three main variables with black adults having: lower incomes, greater incarceration histories since age of 18 and a greater risk of traumatic events (p Conclusion Although previous studies suggested that black homeless men have higher rates of drug abuse than white homeless men, our findings highlight the fact that black–white disparities in lifetime homeless risk are associated with socio-structural factors (eg, income and incarceration) and individual adverse events (eg, traumatic events), and not associated with psychiatric or substance use disorders.
Effect of Poncirus trifoliata on the chemical composition of fruits in pedigrees of Citrus scion hybrids

Abstract Citrus breeders have made numerous hybridizations that included Poncirus trifoliata L.Raf. (P. trifoliata), a relative of the genus Citrus, in their pedigree to produce hybrids that are cold- and disease-resistant. Initial hybrids of Citrus × P. trifoliata typically produce fruit that have unacceptable flavor, but more advanced hybrids with greater proportions of Citrus in their pedigrees have various degrees of off-flavor and taste. This study reports the volatile constituents, as well as nonvolatile limonoids and flavonoids, in the juice of six Citrus hybrids containing P. trifoliata in their pedigrees, compared to two hybrids derived solely from Citrus. Secondary metabolite profiles reflected the complex genetic backgrounds of those hybrids. Hybrids 6_23−20 and US 119 had juice composition most similar to that of P. trifoliata, with more volatiles, and in particular, more esters and sesquiterpenes with higher amounts in total. Furthermore, hesperidin concentration in US 119 was low (10 μg g−1) in comparison with other hybrids (125−326 μg g−1) while concentrations of narirutin and isosakuranetin-7-O-rutinoside were unusually high (135−211 μg g−1 and 304−182 μg g−1, respectively) in comparison with the other hybrids (5−60 μg g−1 and 10−75 μg g−1, respectively), which is in agreement with the composition of pure P. trifoliata. Juice of P. trifoliata derived hybrids 5−18-24, 5−18-31, 1−76-100, and 1−77-105 presented secondary metabolite compositions closer to those of pure Citrus hybrids. Based on volatiles, limonoids, and flavonoid profiles, we conclude that it is possible to generate advanced Citrus hybrids including P. trifoliata in their pedigrees that approach the quality of common Citrus types.
Correlations between cochlear pathophysiology and behavioral measures of temporal and spatial processing in noise exposed macaques.

Abstract Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is known to have significant consequences for temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution. However, much remains to be discovered about their underlying pathophysiology. This report extends the recent development of a nonhuman primate model of NIHL to explore its consequences for hearing in noisy environments, and its correlations with the underlying cochlear pathology. Ten macaques (seven with normal-hearing, three with NIHL) were used in studies of masked tone detection in which the temporal or spatial properties of the masker were varied to assess metrics of temporal and spatial processing. Normal-hearing (NH) macaques showed lower tone detection thresholds for sinusoidally amplitude modulated (SAM) broadband noise maskers relative to unmodulated maskers (modulation masking release, MMR). Tone detection thresholds were lowest at low noise modulation frequencies, and increased as modulation frequency increased, until they matched threshold in unmodulated noise. NH macaques also showed lower tone detection thresholds for spatially separated tone and noise relative to co-localized tone and noise (spatial release from masking, SRM). Noise exposure caused permanent threshold shifts that were verified behaviorally and audiologically. In hearing-impaired (HI) macaques, MMR was reduced at tone frequencies above that of the noise exposure. HI macaques also showed degraded SRM, with no SRM observed across all tested tone frequencies. Deficits in MMR correlated with audiometric threshold changes, outer hair cell loss, and synapse loss, while the differences in SRM did not correlate with audiometric changes, or any measure of cochlear pathophysiology. This difference in anatomical-behavioral correlations suggests that while many behavioral deficits may arise from cochlear pathology, only some are predictable from the frequency place of damage in the cochlea.
Government/Foundation Relations: A Conceptual Framework and Evidence from the U.S. Federal Government’s Partnership Efforts

Interest in collaboration between government and private, grantmaking foundations has grown considerably in recent years both in the USA and abroad. In the USA, one outcome of the increased interest has been the emergence of liaison offices in federal agencies tasked with facilitating partnerships between government and grantmaking foundations and others, such as corporate philanthropic programs. As the government/foundation relationship is still under-conceptualized, we propose a framework that extends general government/nonprofit relationship typologies to grantmaking foundations and present empirical evidence on the foundation roles that government liaison officers prioritize in developing partnerships with their foundation counterparts. Empirically, the article is based on semi-structured interviews with these officers in U.S. federal cabinet departments and independent agencies. Having foundation funding substitute for government outlays factors heavily for government liaison staff. At the same time, the role of foundations in seeding government innovation plays a relatively modest role, despite the prominence of the foundation innovation role in the literature. Rather than having government scale foundation-identified innovations, government liaison officers emphasize foundations funding support services that provide access to or enhance government programs and foundations providing expertise to help co-design better government programs.
Electric Vehicle Charging Pile Control Device with Safety Protection Function

This paper designed an eleclric vebicle charging pile control device with safety protection function according to such security problems as transmission data of the traditional electric vehicle charging pile control device can be illegally intercepted easily in electrical communication process.The designs of hardware and software were analysed.The electric vehicle charging pile control device adopts the advanced data encryption teehnology,increases safe storage unit,which can effectively prevent transmission data being intercepted or falsified illegally in electrical communication process,so as to ensure datas integrity and confidentiality.Therefore,it has great practical value.
Testicular adrenal rest cells in congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Abstract Abstract We present a case of untreated Congenital adrenal hyperplasia presenting with bilateral giant Adrenal myelolipoma and Testicular adrenal rest cells. Methods We discuss clinical presentation diagnostic evaluation and subsequent management and follow up of CAH with TART's. Results Our patient was not adherent to Glucorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatments between age 18 to 47 and presented with back pain most likely resulting from Bilateral giant adrenal myelolipoma. Interestingly he did not require any stress steroids during this time. His adrenal myelolipoma progressively increased in size. Comparison CT is available from 2004 to 2020. Testicular adrenal rest cells and possibly infertility also resulted from uncontrolled CAH for a long period of time. Conclusion This case demonstrates the significance of CAH treatment compliance and highlights sequela and management of untreated CAH.
New Facilities for Activity at Grove City College

(1954). New Facilities for Activity at Grove City College. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 24-27.
Spectroscopic and sensitometric studies of chemically produced silver clusters

The reducing agents dimethylamineborane and SnCl 2 were used to produce silver clusters chemically in an AgBr emulsion. These silver clusters were detected with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at photographically relevant sensitizer concentrations, and their reflectance at 476 nm correlated well with the effects of these reducing agents on photographic sensitivity. Spectroscopy was used to monitor the photochemical reactions of these silver clusters. A portion of the 476-nm peak derived from the Kubelka-Munk transform of the reflectance spectra could be photobleached using band-gap excitation, indicating that some of the silver clusters were destroyed by photogenerated holes. However, some silver clusters did not react with photoholes and these clusters may be electron-trapping. The decrease in peak height upon photobleaching indicated two distinct silver clusters in terms of their ease of bleaching by photoholes. A simple reaction model was found to be consistent with the concentration dependence of the peak height, suggesting that only one size of silver cluster is being produced under most of our reaction conditions.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in neuroblastoma patients receiving anti-GD2 3F8 monoclonal antibody

BACKGROUND Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) comprises clinical and radiologic findings with rapid onset and potentially dire consequences. Patients experience hypertension, seizures, headache, visual disturbance, and/or altered mentation. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals edematous changes in the brain (especially in the parietal and occipital lobes). In this report, the authors describe PRES associated with antidisialoganglioside (anti-GD2) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) immunotherapy, which is now standard for high-risk neuroblastoma but has not previously been implicated in PRES. METHODS Successive clinical trials using the anti-GD2 MoAb 3F8 (a murine immunoglobulin 3 MoAb specific for GD2) for patients with neuroblastoma involved multiple cycles of standard-dose 3F8 (SD-3F8) (20 mg/m2 daily for 5 days per cycle) or 2 cycles of high-dose 3F8 (HD-3F8) (80 mg/m2 daily for 5 days per cycle) followed by cycles of SD-3F8. RESULTS PRES was diagnosed in 5 of 215 patients (2.3%), including 3 of 160 (1.9%) who received SD-3F8 and 2 of 55 (3.6%) who received HD-3F8 (P = .6). All 5 patients had a rapid return to clinical-radiologic baseline. PRES occurred in 3 of 26 patients (11.5%) whose prior treatment included external-beam radiotherapy to the brain (2 of 6 patients status-post total body irradiation and 1 of 20 patients status-post craniospinal irradiation) compared with 2 of 189 patients (1.1%) who had not received prior brain irradiation (P = .01). Hypertension, which is strongly linked to PRES, reached grade 3 toxicity in 12 of 215 patients (5.6%), including the 5 patients with PRES and 7 patients without PRES. CONCLUSIONS Patients who receive anti-GD2 MoAb immunotherapy should be closely monitored for, and undergo urgent treatment or evaluation of, symptoms that may herald PRES (eg, hypertension or headaches). Prior brain irradiation may be a predisposing factor for PRES with this immunotherapy. Cancer 2013;119:2789–2795. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Poliovirus assembly and encapsidation of genomic RNA.

Publisher Summary The cumulative information from poliovirus morphogenetic studies has resulted in a hypothetical pathway for assembly. The proposed steps of assembly include ordered proteolytic cleavages and formation of capsid protein subviral particles prior to RNA encapsidation and maturation of the virion. The three-dimensional structure of poliovirus provided few clues of its interaction, as the encapsidated RNA molecule does not adopt the icosahedral symmetry of the capsid shell. Because the VPg-linked RNA molecules exist in multiple conformations within a crystal lattice of poliovirus virions, structural determinations for the RNA genome and VPg could not be made. It has been reported that portions of the P1 coding region of polio virus contain cis elements required for RNA replication and/or encapsidation of the genome. Another report has demonstrated that sequences at the 5' end of the P1 coding region are dispensable for both RNA replication and encapsidation. These studies demonstrated replication and encapsidation of a poliovirus RNA replicon containing a reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene inserted for part of the P1 gene. The methods to analyze the processes of poliovirus capsid assembly and RNA encapsidation include recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. The systems described offer the dual capability of analyzing P1 capsid precursor cleavage and subviral particle formation separately from the encapsidation step.
Bimodality of the combined removal and signs-of-activities estimator for sampling closed animal populations

The possibility of a bimodal log-likelihood function arises with certain data when the combined removal and signs-of-activities estimator is used. Bimodal log-likelihoods may, in turn, yield disjoint confidence intervals for certain confidence levels. The hypothesis that bimodality is caused by the violation of the equal catchability assumption of the removal model, leading to the combination of contradictory data/models in the combined estimator is set forth. Simulations exploring the effect of the violation of removal model assumptions on estimation and inference showed that the assumption of unequal capture probability influenced the frequency of bimodal likelihoods; similarly, extreme parameter values for probability of capture influenced the number of excessively large confidence intervals produced. A sex-specific combined estimator is developed as a remedial model tailored to the problem. The simulations suggest that both the signs-of-activities estimator and the sex-specific estimator perform equally well over the range of simulations presented, though the signs-of-activities estimator is easier to implement.
Shaping one's own destiny: Global economy, family, and women's struggle in the Taiwanese context

Synopsis This article compares and contrasts the experience of two working women as their lives were affected by Taiwan's economic restructuring in the late 1990s. Both women were in their thirties and unmarried. However, one woman's decision to remain single and return to school caused a major disagreement in her family, while the other's decision was respected by her family. Two factors are particularly instructive in explaining these differences. The first is the pattern of their labor market participation, which reflected the way in which each of their families was incorporated into Taiwan's economy and thus the structural constraints each family faced under the recent economic restructuring. This was further augmented by the issue of marriage. As marriage is viewed as part of a Taiwanese woman's destiny, these women had to find a culturally acceptable alternative in order for their decisions to be accepted by their families.
A Comparison of Radar-Determined Cloud Height and Reflected Solar Radiance Measured from the Geosynchronous Satellite ATS-3

Abstract A number of large tropical cumulus clouds which developed and decayed over a one-day period were monitored by both ship-based radar and the reflected solar radiance experiment on the geosynchronous satellite ATS-3. A comparison of the radar height of these clouds to their reflected solar radiance has shown a strong correlation (0.88) such that cumulus cloud height and growth may apparently be inferred from a geostationary satellite platform without the use of ground-based radar.
Impact fees, exclusionary zoning, and the density of new development

Abstract The increasing use of impact fees represents a new trend in local fiscal policy which can have important effects on real estate markets. The ramifications for economic efficiency as well as for the pattern of metropolitan area development are not well understood by real estate academics or practitioners. Current discussion focuses primarily on who bears the burden of the fees. This paper shows that impact fees have interesting implications for a broader set of important issues. The fees provide communities with added flexibility in pricing entry into their jurisdictions, allowing existing residents to transfer to themselves the surplus associated with new development. Using impact fees can reduce the incentive for communities to engage in fiscally inspired exclusionary zoning. The optimal density of new development can increase following the introduction of fees. Widespread use of impact fees ultimately may help alter the current centralization in core cities of relatively poorer people and other demanders of high density development.
Liquidus phase relationships on the join anorthiteforsterite-quartz at 20 kbar with applications to basalt petrogenesis and igneous sapphirine

Liquidus phase relationships determined on the join anorthite-forsterite-quartz at 20 kbar show primary phase fields for quartz (q), forsterite (fo), enstatite (en), spinel (sp), anorthite (an), sapphirine (sa), and corundum (cor). Increasing pressure causes (1) thefo andan primary phase fields to contract, (2) theen, q, andcor fields to expand, (3) thefo-en boundary line to move away from the Q apex, (4) theen-q boundary line to move also away from the Q apex but by a smaller amount, and (5) a primary phase field forsa to appear at a pressure between 10 and 20 kbar. Seven liquidus piercing points at 20 kbar have been located as follows: Crystalline phases Liquid composition (wt %) Temperature (°C) sp+sa+cor An81Fo17Q2 1575 fo+en+sp An52Fo39Q9 1540 en+sp+sa An59Fo31Q10 1490 sa+an+cor An70Fo15Q15 1430 an+q+cor An66Fo7Q27 1410 sa+an+en An62Fo18Q20 1400 an+en+q An59Fo15Q26 1380 It is concluded that (1) the shift of thefo-en boundary line away from the quartz apex with pressure confirms many other studies showing that melts generated from peridotite source rocks decrease in silica content as pressure increases; (2) even though plagioclase is not a stable phase in peridotite source rocks at pressures above about 10 kbar, it can crystallize from mafic magmas at pressures at least up to 20 kbar; (3) sapphirine crystallizes from mafic magmas at high pressures and may be important in the construction of petrogenetic models based on trace element considerations.
Intestinal infection with Mycobacterium avium in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Histological and clinical comparison with Whipple's disease

At endoscopy, a 30-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Kaposi's sarcoma, diarrhea, and unexplained malabsorption showed erythematous macular duodenal lesions consistent with Whipple's disease by histology and electron microscopy. Symptoms did not respond to tetracycline. Subsequent cultures revealed systemicMycobacterium avium (M. avium) infection. Tissue from this patient, from patients with Whipple's disease and from a macaque withM. avium were compared. All contained PAS-positive macrophages butM. avium could be distinguished by positive acid-fast stains and a difference in pattern of indirect immunofluorescence staining with bacterial typing antisera. PAS-positive macrophages in the intestinal lamina propria are no longer pathognomonic of Whipple's disease. Ultrastructural and histological similarities between Whipple's disease andM. avium infection suggest that both are manifestations of immune deficits limiting macrophage destruction of particular bacteria after phagocytosis.M. avium must be considered in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea in patients with AIDS and other immunosuppressed conditions.
Endotoxin: Stimulation of Bone Resorption in Tissue Culture

Bacterial endotoxins can stimulate the release of previously incorporated calcium-45 and tritiated proline from fetal rat bone in tissue culture. Endotoxin from Bacteroides melaninogenicus, an organism regularly found in the gingival crevice of man, produces a response similar to parathyroid hormone and is effective at doses as low as 0.1 microgram per milliliter. This response is inhibited by serum and dependent upon the presence of albumin. Endotoxins may play a role in the bone loss characteristic of human periodontal disease.
Vortices trapped in discrete Josephson rings

Abstract We report the first measurements of current-voltage ( I–V ) characteristics of discrete rings of Josephson junctions. As I is increased, resonant steps appear in the I–V curve, due to phase-locking between a propagating, trapped vortex and the linear waves excited in its wake. Unexpectedly, the phase velocity of the linear waves, not the group velocity, is the physically important quantity and mode numbers outside the Brillouin zone are relevant. Our measurements show that away from the resonant steps, a single vortex can move in an environment with very little damping, making the discrete one-dimensional ring a well-defined model system for the study of ballistic and quantum vortex experiments.
Hydraulic resistance of red cell beds in an unstirred filtration cell

Abstract A stagnant batch filtration system, in which saline is filtered through an unstirred bed of red cells at constant pressure, was employed to study the hydraulic permeability of red cell beds as well as the extent of cellular blockage of membrane pores. Since red cells are highly deformable, the compressibility of the cell bed was characterized by porosity measurements in centrifuged cell beds. Red cell deformation was also examined by microscopic observation of the cell bed fixed during filtration. Photomicrographs provided evidence that the red blood cells deform into a hexagonal close-packed structure. A simple two-dimensional model for cell bed compressibility developed on the basis of this observation was in good agreement with porosity data taken in the centrifugal system. Filtration data were analyzed using an integrated form of Darcy's law which permits the effects of cell bed hydraulic resistance of pore blockage to be evaluated separately. Functional relationships between hydraulic permeability, porosity, and compressive pressure were developed which can be incorporated into a detailed model for the filtrate flux in cross-flow microfiltration of red cell suspensions.
Sample size to test for interaction between a specific exposure and a second risk factor in a pair-matched case-control study

We discuss a sample size calculation for a pair-matched case-control study to test for interaction between a specific exposure and a second risk factor. The second risk factor could be either binary or continuous. An algorithm for the calculation of sample size is suggested which is based on a logistic regression model that relates the logarithm of the disease-exposure odds ratio to the second risk factor. This problem is motivated by a study comparing the prevalence of GP-IIIa Pl(A2) polymorphism (the exposure) in individuals with and without myocardial infarction (case-control). One of the hypotheses in this study is whether or not there is an interaction between the prevalence of GP-IIIa Pl(A2) polymorphism and a second risk factor such as smoking status and homocysteine level. We introduce the algorithm in detail with several numerical examples.
The effect of coal particle aggregation on the sedimentation and rheology of coal—oil mixtures

Abstract The degree of coal particle aggregation in model oil suspension was assessed by particle size distribution using a sedimentation balance. Various statistical parameters were calculated for three suspensions each prepared with Sewell coal, model oil, and (1) calcium petroleum sulfonate (2) no additive and (3) an ethoxylated quartenary ammonium salt. These formulations represented suspensions which were (1) aggregatively stable (2) slightly aggregated and (3) highly aggregated, respectively. Batch settling tests were also conducted with the three formulations at coal concentrations of 10, 35 and 50%. These results indicated that the clarity of the supernatant, the initial settling velocity and the terminal sediment volume increased as the degree of aggregation increased. Rheological data indicated that the aggregatively stable suspensions were Newtonian but that pseudoplasticity and yield stresses were observed in the other formulations to an extent which increased as the degree of aggregation increased.
Unique Pollen Types in the Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)

Abstract In the legumes several pollen types were encountered during a survey of the Caesalpinioideae that were previously unknown or poorly known for the subfamily: Viscin threads (Jacqueshuberia), periporate pollen (Hardwickia, Colophospermum), diporate pollen with a single continuous colpus (Duparquetia), tetracolporate pollen (Ceratonia), and pollen tetrads (Afzelia, Diptychandra).
The interacting effects of temperature, ground disturbance, and herbivory on seedling establishment: implications for treeline advance with climate warming

Thermal control of treeline position is mediated by local environmental and ecological factors, making trends in treeline migration difficult to extrapolate geographically. We investigated the ecological dynamics of conifer establishment at treeline in the Mealy Mountains (Labrador, Canada) and the potential for its expansion with climate warming. Available seedbed and tree seedling emergence in the treeline ecotone were monitored, and seeds and seedlings of Picea mariana were planted along an elevational gradient from open-canopy forest through tree islands to alpine tundra. Experimental treatments included passive warming of daytime air, ground disturbance, and vertebrate herbivore exclosures. Responses in seed germination and seedling growth, damage, and mortality were monitored over two growing seasons, and re-surveyed after 5 years. While no tree seedlings were observed growing naturally above the treeline, planted seeds were able to germinate, develop and overwinter, and persist for 4 years in all habitats examined. Disturbance of the seedbed was important for seedling emergence in the forest and tree islands. While temperature enhancement alone had little impact on emergence, even moderate temperature increases had significantly disproportionate effects on emergence of seedlings in the alpine habitat when combined with soil disturbance, indicating that future climate warming could lead to treeline advance if viable seed and suitable substrate for recruitment are available. The positive effect of excluding herbivores suggests that herbivory may be an important filter modifying future species distribution. While seedbed conditions and herbivory would control the rate of individual species advance, the results indicate potential upslope migration of the treeline in the Mealy Mountains, with consequent loss of alpine ecosystems.
A complex variant Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome translocation involving chromosomes No. 11, 14, and 22 in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia

Abstract A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia is described with a variant Philadelphia (Ph 1 ) chromosome involving chromosomes No. 11, 14, and 22. The description of all G-banded cells is 46, XX, t(11;14;22)(q13;q32;q11). The pathogenetic implications are discussed.
Accessibility of cx46 Hemichannels for Uncharged Molecules and Its Modulation by Voltage

Excised patches of oocyte membrane containing cx46 hemichannels were used to determine the accessibility of the channels for several uncharged molecules at negative and positive holding potentials. The molecular weights of the test molecules (sugars and polyethylene glycols) ranged from 180 to 666 Daltons, with diameters from 5.8 to 12 A. Activation of the voltage gate (V(j) gate) at positive potentials shifted the accessibility limit for these test molecules to lower sizes indicating that net charge of the test molecule does not determine accessibility. The sugars changed several channel properties: 1), single-channel conductance decreased in an inverse relationship to the size of the test molecule; 2), the apparent open probability of the connexin channels was reduced; 3), the lifetimes of the apparent occupancy states exceeded the expected transit times assuming simple diffusion by orders of magnitude. These results suggest a channel that is not cylindrical and in which test molecules bind or are trapped in the pore or the vestibulum. Furthermore, the effect of sugars and the large difference in transit rates for small ions and larger molecules suggest that they may involve different permeation mechanisms.
ISABELLE Cavity Gap Assemblies

In a storage ring, where beam lifetime is measured in hours, it is necessary to keep the longitudinal impedance, as seen by the beam, very low, even into the gigahertz region. This is necessary to prevent the excitation of longitudinal instabilities. These impedances are due to the resistive wall effect and any deviation from a smooth vacuum chamber such as at pick-up electrodes, vacuum pump stations, rf cavities, etc. At low frequencies, up to 10 to 20 MHz, the low impedance requirement for the cavities can be satisfied by designing the driving power amplifiers with a very low output impedance. For ISABELLE a method has been designed for building a network into the cavity accelerating gaps which will satisfy the impedance criteria to at least 1300 MHz. The maximum allowable impedance at any frequency, f, is given in the form Z/n where n = f/f/sub rotation/. For the ISABELLE accelerating cavity, operating at 235.5 KHz, Z/n must be less than 10 ohms. For the stacking cavity, operating at 4.45 MHz, Z/n < 1 ohm.
Xerostomia: evaluation of a symptom with increasing significance

The dentist is usually the first health professional to hear a complaint about oral dryness and is critical to the evaluation of the cause
Retrievable Esophageal Stents for Benign Indications

Until recently, esophageal stents have not been a realistic option for the management of benign disease owing to difficulty removing the stents and associated high complication rates. However, progress in esophageal stent design has led to the development of retrievable esophageal stents. Clinical experience has shown promise for the management of benign esophageal diseases with retrievable stents, including refractory strictures, esophageal leaks, fistula and perforations. They have been shown to be safe and effective, though stent migration remains a concern. This article reviews the current designs, indications, efficacy and complications of retrievable esophageal stents.
Jews and American Popular Psychology: Reconsidering the Protestant Paradigm of Popular Thought

Ever since Benjamin Franklin enthralled the colonial public with the maxims of Poor Richards Almanack, Americans have demanded mass-marketed reflections on human nature. Religion dominated this market until the twentieth century, but after the 1880s, when professional psychology emerged, religion had to strike a new balance with science for authority over this area of popular thought. Psychological thinkers had a distinct advantage in a middle-class market of readers who were restless with the platitudes that flowed from all but the most sophisticated pulpits. The resounding influence of William James at the turn of the century, the boom of Sigmund Freud and John B. Watson in the 1920s, the psychoreligious best sellers of the clergymen Harry Emerson Fosdick, Joshua Liebman, and Norman Vincent Peale in the 1940s and 1950s, the explosion of humanistic psychologies in the 1960s and 1970s, and the biological, cognitive, religious, and "positive" psychologies of the 1980s and 1990s-all suggest the dynamism of America's mass market of psychological advice and inspiration in the twentieth century.' Jews have played a greatly disproportionate role in marketing psychological ideas, but scholars have not systematically grappled with this fact as a problem of intellectual and cultural history. Historians generally describe American popular psychology as an aftereffect, mutation, or extenuation of Protestant modes of thought. Jews
Near-Ideal Photodiodes from Sintered Gold Nanoparticle Films on Methyl-Terminated Si(111) Surfaces

We report photocurrent-voltage data for improved n-Si/metal devices using CH_3-terminated n-Si(111) and Au nanoparticles (NPs). CH_3-terminated Si(111) surfaces maintain good electronic properties throughout device assembly, while the use of Au NPs as precursors to metal films circumvents the standard issues associated with interfacial reactivity of metals in Schottky barrier formation. Such devices demonstrate excellent photovoltaic properties, with photovoltages that approach the maximum values predicted for photodiodes that are limited by Si bulk diffusion/recombination processes rather than interfacial processes. These devices are compared to standard n-Si/Au devices made via thermally evaporated Au films which are well-known to be limited by junction-based recombination.
Dimers of and tautomerism between 2-pyrimidinethiol and 2(1H)-pyrimidinethione: a density functional theory (DFT) study.

Density functional theory (BLYP, B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91) with the 6-31+G(d,p), 6-311+G(d,p), and cc-pVTZ basis sets has been used to calculate structural parameters, relative energies, and vibrational spectra of 2-pyrimidinethiol (1) and 2(1H)-pyrimidinethione (2) and their hydrogen-bonded homodimers (C2 3, C2h [4]‡, C2h 5), monohydrates, and dihydrates and a heterodimer (6). Several transition state structures proposed for the tautomerization process have also been examined. At the B3PW91/6-311+G(d,p)//B3PW91/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory 2-pyrimidinethiol (1) is predicted to be 3.41 kcal/mol more stable (Erel) than 2(1H)-pyrimidinethione (2) in the gas phase and 2 is predicted to be 6.47 kcal/mol more stable than 1 in aqueous medium. An unfavorable planar intramolecular strained four center transition state (TS1) for the tautomerization of 1 and 2 in the gas-phase lies 29.07 kcal/mol higher in energy than 2-pyrimidinethiol (1). The C2 2-pyrimidinethiol dimer (3) is 6.84 kcal/mol lower in energy than the C2 ...
The Distribution of Cosmic Radio Background Radiation

The results of a survey of cosmic radio background radiation at 250 mc using the Ohio State University 96-helix radio telescope are described. The antenna has beam widths of about 1.2° in right ascension and 8° in declination between half-power points. Radio maps, covering about 75 per cent of the sky, are presented in celestial and galactic coordinates. The greater resolving power of the antenna has revealed a number of fine features of the background radiation as well as numerous radio stars. Radio maps made at other frequencies by various groups are summarized. To present an over-all picture of the sky at different frequencies, eight maps are shown for frequencies from 64 mc to 910 mc. All maps are modified to have the same scale, coordinates and units to facilitate intercomparison. An intercomparison of these radio maps shows some consistent features of the galactic background radiation. These features may be represented by three symmetrical distributions and several unsymmetrical or irregular distributions. The symmetrical distributions are as follows: 1) a narrow belt about 3° wide lying in the galactic plane and concentrated towards the galactic center, 2) a very broad band of radiation concentrated within about 15° to 30° of galactic latitude and having its maximum near the galactic center, and 3) an approximately isotropic distribution. The first component indicates a mixture of thermal and nonthermal origin, while the other two are nonthermal.
Publication Productivity in Doctoral Research Departments: Interdisciplinary and Intradisciplinary Factors.

Examination of a national data set reporting departmental levels of publication productivity in 23 disciplines revealed very large differences between disciplines, with the mean departments in the most “productive” disciplines averaging more than 10 times the number of publications of the mean departments in the least “productive” disciplines. The differences within disciplines were also very large. Analyses of the characteristics of departments associated with productivity showed great variation across disciplines. Regression analyses indicated the importance of size and internal university support rather than federal support. Similar results are reported for the number of citations to the work of departments. The implications of these results for program review and the reputations of departments are reviewed.
Percolation and spin-glass behavior in stage-2 Co c Mg 1 − c Cl 2 graphite intercalation compounds

Stage-2 ${\mathrm{Co}}_{c}{\mathrm{Mg}}_{1\ensuremath{-}c}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ graphite intercalation compounds magnetically behave like quasi-two-dimensional (2D) XY-like site-diluted ferromagnets on the triangular lattice. The percolation and spin-glass behavior of these compounds has been studied using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) ac magnetic susceptibility $({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{aa}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{aa}}^{\ensuremath{''}})$ and SQUID dc magnetization. The pure system $(c=1)$ undergoes two magnetic phase transitions at ${T}_{\mathrm{cu}}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{cl}}.$ 2D ferromagnetic long range order exists between ${T}_{\mathrm{cu}}$ and ${T}_{\mathrm{cl}}.$ The critical temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{cl}}$ decreases to zero at the percolation threshold ${c}_{p}=0.5,$ while ${T}_{\mathrm{cu}}$ above ${c}_{p}$ decreases with decreasing Co concentration and may be connected to a crossover temperature ${T}_{x}$ below ${c}_{p}.$ A spin-glass-like behavior is observed for $c=0.3$ and 0.46. Spin frustration occurs because of the competition between the ferromagnetic intraplanar exchange interaction and an effective antiferromagnetic interplanar exchange interaction which is not large enough to give rise to three-dimensional antiferromagnetic correlation.
Lower baseline prostate-specific antigen is associated with a greater overall survival benefit from sipuleucel-T in the Immunotherapy for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Treatment (IMPACT) trial.

Objective To explore the prognostic and predictive value of baseline variables in 512 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer from the phase III Immunotherapy for Prostate Adenocarcinoma Treatment (IMPACT) trial who were randomized to receive sipuleucel-T or control. Methods The most powerful of these prognostic factors, baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA), was subdivided into quartiles to evaluate treatment effect patterns. Cox regression analyses were used to assess predictors of overall survival (OS) and sipuleucel-T treatment effect within PSA quartiles. Median OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results PSA was the strongest baseline prognostic factor ( P 134 ng/mL). Estimated improvement in median survival varied from 13.0 months in the lowest baseline PSA quartile to 2.8 months in the highest quartile. Estimated 3-year survival in the lowest PSA quartile was 62.6% for sipuleucel-T patients and 41.6% for control patients, representing a 50% relative increase. Conclusion The greatest magnitude of benefit with sipuleucel-T treatment in this exploratory analysis was observed among patients with better baseline prognostic factors, particularly those with lower baseline PSA values. These findings suggest that patients with less advanced disease may benefit the most from sipuleucel-T treatment and provide a rationale for immunotherapy as an early treatment strategy in sequencing algorithms for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
A wind tunnel simulation of the erosion of soil: Effect of soil texture, sandblasting, wind speed, and soil consolidation on dust production

This experiment was undertaken to see if a wind tunnel could be used to investigate fine particle (d < 25 μm) production by wind erosion. The effects of sandblasting, wind speed, soil consolidation and soil surface texture were separated. Results for loose soil showed that wind speed was of primary importance whereas surface texture and sandblasting had little effect. Surface crust effectively eliminated fine particle emission and greatly limited coarse particle emission. The effectiveness of the surface crust in preventing wind erosion seemed to be related to the modulus of rupture of the soil. Sand fluxes in the wind tunnel tests agreed with field observed fluxes but fine particle fluxes differed between wind tunnel and field observations.
Indexing and Environmental Risk of Allergenic Protein Subunits of Egyptian Pollens

Four Egyptian pollen pellets: sunflower, clover, maize and broad beans, were evaluated for environmental risk of allergenic protein subunits, indexing amino acids, as well as nucleic acids contents . Protein fractions were subsequently extracted as albumin, globulin, urea and SDS-soluble proteins, by different methods. The results showed that albumin and globulin fractions represent the major constituents in different pollen pellets and amounted 33.24-40.3% and 32.57-37.22% respectively. SDS soluble protein showed minor amount. The electrophoretic separation of albumin and globulin extracts of sunflower pollen showed the presence of 8 protein subunits, which varied in their molecular weight between 4-67 KiloDalton (KDa); allergic protein subunits with MW 35 and 45 KDa were identified in all pollen pellets tested. Indexing and general analysis of the four pollen pellets showed that carbohydrates ranged from 28.12 (maize) to 36.12 (sunflower), while total chlorophyll ranged from 5.85 (broad bean) to 6.07 (maize) mg/100 g fresh weight. It is also clear that the protein content of pollen pellets is above 40% and therefore they could be considered as a protein rich source. Broad bean pellets had the highest amount of protein content (48.31%). The lipid content ranged from 4.47 to 15.7%, according to pollen source. All pollen pellets contained relatively high quantities of RNA, which are nearly three times the equivalent of DNA content. Relative values of total free amino acids of four pollens were considerably low (below 20%) and ranged from 2.93 ± 0.089 (sunflower) to 15.99 ± 0.015 µmol/ mg fw.
Formation of a layered framework structure based upon 4-methyl-2,6-bis(methylphosphonic acid) phenol

The trifunctional ligands, [(HO)2P(O)CH2]2C6H2(R)OH, (5-H4) (R = CH3, Br) were prepared in good yield via an Arbusov reaction between P(OEt)3 and the respective 4-R-2,6-bis(chloromethyl)phenols followed by acidic aqueous hydrolysis and they were spectroscopically characterized by IR and NMR techniques. The ligand 5-H4–CH3 readily dissolves lanthanide hydroxide residues and it forms a crystalline complex from aqueous LaCl3 solutions. This complex was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods and found to adopt a complex 2-D lamellar network in the bc plane. The La(III) inner coordination sphere is seven coordinate formed by oxygen atoms from two water molecules and five phosphonate oxygen atoms from three different ligands. The phenolic oxygen atom is not involved in the ligand binding to La(III).