cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Incidence of Spontaneous Pathologic Changes in Aortas of Growing Turkeys

Abstract WIDESPREAD occurrence among turkey flocks in the United States and Canada of a fatal condition characterized by massive internal hemorrhage was first reported by Durrell, Pomeroy, Carr and Jerstad (1952). A detailed description of the disorder by McSherry et al. (1954) reported that the large blood clots most commonly originated from a rupture of the posterior aorta between the origins of the external iliac and sciatic arteries. Examination of such aortas indicated that rupture occurred subsequent to a dissecting aneurysm. An apparently similar disorder was reported in Great Britain (Carnaghan, 1955; and Gibson and de Gruchy, 1955). Several workers (Carnaghan, 1955; Gibson and de Gruchy, 1955; and Gresham and Howard, 1961) have reported the presence of atherosclerotic lesions adjacent to the dissecting aneurysms in birds dying with massive abdominal hemorrhage. In fact the presence of accompanying atheroma led Carnaghan (1955) to suggest that these plaques may predispose the aorta to…
Chemicals in Kernels of Corn That Elicit a Feeding Response from Larvae of the Corn Earworm

Kernels of the corn plant, Zea mays L., were extracted, bioassayed, and analyzed to determine the components responsible for the feeding activity of exposed larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). The results showed that the complex of simple sugars and amino acids in the corn kernels elicited a strong feeding response.
The Continued Quest for Optimal BP Targets in Older Adults with Kidney Disease

Since the landmark Veteran’s Affairs Cooperative Trials of the late 1960s to 1970s, hypertension management has played a central role in efforts to decrease cardiovascular risk ([1][1],[2][2]). Given the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension in older adults, later studies in older
Absorption of Calcium

Calcium is one of the most important bivalent cations involved in life processes. In addition to the amount of calcium in the diet, the presence of nonabsorbable calcium compounds, various sugars, amino acids, hormones and vitamins, particularly vitamin D, and the physiologic state of the organism all influence calcium absorption. Absorption rates differ in various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, but the exact mechanism(s) of calcium absorption is unknown.
344 STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A COMPUTATIONALLY REDESIGNED GLOBULAR PROTEIN PROCARBOXYPEPTIDASE

Protein design is one of the great challenges of structural computational biology, with the potential to provide new catalysts, reagents and pharmaceuticals. Much progress has recently been made in design algorithms. However, structural characterization is essential for advancing computational protein design methods. Comparison of the predicted and experimentally determined structure validates design algorithms and reveals areas necessary for improvement. RosettaDesign, a computer program for protein design, was used to predict a low free energy sequence for a naturally occurring globular protein procarboxypeptidase (pdb code: 1AYE) given only its backbone coordinates. Chemical and thermal denaturation experiments have shown that the redesigned procarboxypeptidase (AYE) is more stable than the native protein. AYE resembles the native structure of procarboxypeptidase, but it forms a dimer at NMR concentrations (0.25-1.5μM). Based on chemical shift data from triple resonance NMR experiments, the Chemical Shift Index (CSI) program was used to validate the secondary structure of AYE. Further analysis of NMR data will be used to generate a high-resolution three-dimensional structure. Structural characterization of wild-type AYE will aid in future NMR experiments with mutated proteins. Further study of AYE would include eliminating dimerization and incorporating ligand-binding or catalytic sites. From studying AYE and other computer-generated proteins, we hope to gain more knowledge about the factors that determine protein structure, stability, and folding. This knowledge may ultimately be used to design novel proteins that have practical applications in industry and medicine.
An analysis of result of chlamydia and mycobacterium infection′s detection in uroreproductive tract of 477 female patients

Objective:This paper aims at knowing the status of chlamydia and mycoplasma infection in females with genital tract inflammation so as to provide the basis of clinical prevention.Methods:Collecting the patients with genital tract inflammation whose uterus′s secretion cannot test G diplococcus,mycosis and trichomoniasis,and conduct Ct(Neck of uterus swab specimen quick testing method),Uu and Mh(culture method).Results:The total Masculine gender rate of the Chlamydia and Mycoplasma is 68.68%,among which Chlamydia(Uu,Mh),Ct′s Masculine gender rate is 56.82%,19.91% respectively,Ct+ Chlamydia mixture Masculine gender rate is 8.05%.Conclusion:Chlamydia′s Masculine gender rate is decreasing with the increasing of the patients′ age which is mainly between 20～44.So the people who is 20 to 44 is the main group of Chlamydia′s prevention and control.
Ghost Workers: The Implications of Governing Immigration Through Crime for Migrant Workplaces

Based on interviews and fieldwork in a migrant farmworking community in California's Central Valley, this article examines the phenomenon of “identity masking” and its implications for workers’ labor conditions. It shows that labor supervisors often take advantage of unauthorized migrants’ and minors’ legal ineligibility for employment by making their employment contingent upon working a set of loaned identity documents. In doing so, employers render these groups “ghost workers”—that is, they simultaneously obscure their presence from the state and federal governments while benefitting from the wage deductions associated with such prohibited workers’ labor. By calling attention to on-the-ground practices of document circulation, this article thus critiques the charges of “identity theft” often levied against unauthorized migrants during worksite raids. Yet the common practice of “identity masking” not only directly benefits supervisors as individuals, but also makes injured “ghost workers” disappear. As employers wield the threat of implicating such workers in “identity theft” to suppress their workers’ compensation claims, this article illustrates the implications of the trend towards “governing immigration through crime” (Dowling and Inda 2013) on the migrant labor force.
Evaluation of Dyspnea

The differential diagnosis of dyspnea includes a wide range of diseases and disorders with differing causes and symptoms. A thorough evaluation, with particular attention to the patient's history, is important in determining an effective course of treatment.
The Binding Lifetime of Syk Kinase to the Immune Receptor FcεRI Regulates the Efficiency of Signal Propagation

The recruitment of intracellular signaling molecules to membrane receptors is a critical step in signal transduction. While many of the proteins involved in signaling cascades are known, how the spatiotemporal response of these protein-protein interactions regulates signal propagation is still not well defined. Using single molecule imaging in live cells, we visualized recruitment of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Syk to the high affinity IgE receptor, FceRI. FceRI serves as the primary immunoreceptor on mast cells and basophils, and its activation results in the release of mediators associated with the allergic response. Using TIRF microscopy, we tracked individual mNeonGreen-tagged Syk molecules as they associated with the plasma membrane after FceRI activation. Analysis of these single molecule trajectories allowed us to characterize Syk mobility and binding lifetime over a range of receptor activating conditions. We find that receptor crosslinking causes a dose dependent increase in Syk residence time at the membrane, and that the mobility of Syk depends on the activating antigen dose. We also investigated the structure-function relationship of Syk interactions with FceRI. Binding of Syk to the receptor is thought to transition it from an autoinhibited to an active kinase. Phosphorylation of Syk within the receptor binding region (Y130) has been suggested to regulate its interactions by promoting a structural rearrangement. We show that mutation of this site to mimic constitutive phosphorylation (Y130E) decreases the Syk-FceRI interaction time. This subtle change in protein dynamics results in altered Syk phosphorylation kinetics that subsequently impair cellular responses, including deficiencies in calcium release and a complete loss of secretion. This data highlights the importance of finely-tuned protein-protein interactions in regulating cellular outcomes.
Beyond formal groups: neighboring acts and watershed protection in Appalachia

This paper explores how watershed organizations in Appalachia have persisted in addressing water quality issues in areas with a history of coal mining. We identified two watershed groups that have taken responsibility for restoring local creeks that were previously highly degraded and sporadically managed. These watershed groups represent cases of self-organized commons governance in resource-rich, economically poor Appalachian communities. We describe the extent and characteristics of links between watershed group volunteers and watershed residents who are not group members. Through surveys, participant observation, and key-informant consultation, we found that neighbors – group members as well as non-group-members – supported the group's function through informal neighboring acts. Past research has shown that local commons governance institutions benefit from being nested in supportive external structures. We found that the persistence and success of community watershed organizations depends on the informal participation of local residents, affirming the necessity of looking beyond formal, organized groups to understand the resources, expertise, and information needed to address complex water pollution at the watershed level. Our findings augment the concept of nestedness in commons governance to include that of a formal organization acting as a neighbor that exchanges informal neighboring acts with local residents. In this way, we extend the concept of neighboring to include interactions between individuals and a group operating in the same geographic area.
Assessing written communication during interhospital transfers of emergency general surgery patients.

Abstract Background Poor communication causes fragmented care. Studies of transitions of care within a hospital and on discharge suggest significant communication deficits. Communication during transfers between hospitals has not been well studied. We assessed the written communication provided during interhospital transfers of emergency general surgery patients. We hypothesized that patients are transferred with incomplete documentation from referring facilities. Methods We performed a retrospective review of written communication provided during interhospital transfers to our emergency department (ED) from referring EDs for emergency general surgical evaluation between January 1, 2014 and January 1, 2016. Elements of written communication were abstracted from referring facility documents scanned into the medical record using a standardized abstraction protocol. Descriptive statistics summarized the information communicated. Results A total of 129 patients met inclusion criteria. 87.6% ( n = 113) of charts contained referring hospital documents. 42.5% ( n = 48) were missing history and physicals. Diagnoses were missing in 9.7% ( n = 11). Ninety-one computed tomography scans were performed; among 70 with reads, final reads were absent for 70.0% ( n = 49). 45 ultrasounds and x-rays were performed; among 27 with reads, final reads were missing for 80.0% ( n = 36). Reasons for transfer were missing in 18.6% ( n = 21). Referring hospital physicians outside the ED were consulted in 32.7% ( n = 37); consultants' notes were absent in 89.2% ( n = 33). In 12.4% ( n = 14), referring documents arrived after the patient's ED arrival and were not part of the original documentation provided. Conclusions This study documents that information important to patient care is often missing in the written communication provided during interhospital transfers. This gap affords a foundation for standardizing provider communication during interhospital transfers.
The Controversy Regarding Distal Hyperplastic Polyps

Hyperplastic polyps are non-neoplastic and are fundamentally distinct from adenomas. Currently available data suggest that, at most, distal colonic hyperplastic polyps are weak markers for small proximal adenomas in asymptomatic persons. There are insufficient data at this time to support distal hyperplastic polyps alone as an indicator for colonoscopy.
Sea turtles bycatch in the Adriatic Sea set net fisheries and possible hot‐spot identification

Bycatch resulting from fishing activities is the main threat for the conservation of sea turtles in the Mediterranean Sea. Fixed nets are a matter of concern for sea turtles mainly in coastal areas during the neritic stage when both juvenile and adult life stages are affected. Mortality caused by entanglement in set nets is related to forced apnoea due to the high soak time of the nets and consequent drowning. This study investigated the loggerhead turtle bycatch in set net coastal fisheries in the northern Adriatic Sea (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean Geographical Sub-Area 17, [GSA 17]) through an interview-based approach, to understand the potential contribution of these fisheries to the general decline of the sea turtle population. A second goal was to identify a possible hot-spot turtle bycatch area through on-board observations. The study estimates that more than 5400 turtles are caught in the west GSA 17 each year with the largest number in the summer. A hot-spot for entanglement was also identified in an area located south of the River Po delta (41.5–69 m depth) during the summer. Sixty-four turtles were caught over a period of 30 fishing days by either trammel nets and gillnets (0.7 and 0.5 turtle per km of net respectively) and was the greatest number that has been observed anywhere in the Mediterranean. Possible management strategies to reduce bycatch include technical modification to gear setting (such as reducing netting slack and using small meshes), bycatch reducer devices (such as LED UV), and area and seasonal gear restrictions to small-scale fisheries in areas of greatest concern in the northern Adriatic Sea.
The Effects of Grade Inflation on Student Evaluation and Performance

Grades have been on the rise on most college and university campuses. This fact is clearly revealed in the upward trend of grades during the period 1960 to 1969 in Figure 6.1 below. It is also revealed in this quote from a national news magazine:
Demographics: Geographic Variations in the Prevalence and Management of Exotropia

The prevalence of exotropia varies in different parts of the world. The true reason for this is not known but possible theories include duration of sunlight, intensity of sunlight and the subject's...
African cinema and its “ancestor”: local encounters in Jean-Marie Teno’s Lieux Saints

Jean-Marie Teno’s 2009 documentary Lieux Saints was filmed in Saint Leon, a poor neighborhood of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and focuses on the paradox that local and regional audiences do not have ...
Diabetes and ischaemic stroke outcome.

Aim To compare all-cause mortality, stroke recurrence and functional outcomes in people who have experienced stroke, with and without diabetes. Methods We captured data on population-based ischaemic strokes (2006-2012) in Nueces County, Texas. Data were collected from participant interviews and medical records. Differences in cumulative mortality and stroke recurrence risk by diabetes status were estimated at 30 days and 1 year using Cox models. Differences in 90-day functional outcomes (activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living score: range 1-4; higher scores worse) by diabetes status were assessed using Tobit regression. Effect modification by ethnicity was examined. Results There were 1301 ischaemic strokes, 46% with history of known diabetes. The median (interquartile range) age was 70 (58-81) years and 61% were Mexican American. People with diabetes were younger and more likely to be Mexican American compared with those without diabetes. After adjustment, diabetes predicted mortality (30-day hazard ratio 1.44, 95% CI 0.97-2.12; 1-year hazard ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.09-1.97) but not stroke recurrence (1-year hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 0.78-2.07). People with diabetes had a worse functional outcome score that was explained by cardiovascular risk factors and pre-stroke factors. Diabetes was not associated with functional outcome in the fully adjusted model (final adjusted activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living score difference 0.11, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.30). Effect modification by ethnicity was not significant (P>0.3 for all models). Conclusions Diabetes was associated with higher mortality and worse functional outcome but not stroke recurrence. Interventions are needed to decrease the adverse outcomes associated with diabetes, particularly in Mexican-American people.
Parameterization and atomistic simulations of biomimetic membranes

Biomimetic membranes, designed by combining proteins or protein-mimics with self-assembled block copolymers, are emerging as novel hybrid materials with applications in the next generation of sensing and separation devices. However, designing such membranes requires a fundamental understanding of the atomic-scale interactions between biological channel proteins and their non-native polymeric membrane environment as it affects their stability and function. In principle, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are well-suited to probe the atomistic details of channel/membrane interactions, but the absence of interatomic potentials is a major limiting factor in conducting such simulations. To alleviate this, we have developed CHARMM force-field compatible parameters and conducted all-atom explicit-solvent MD simulations of biomimetic membranes composed of block copolymers of poly(butadiene), poly(isoprene), and poly(ethylene oxide). Consistent with scaling laws and literature data, we report measurements on several structural properties that inform on molecular-scale features of chain conformations. Finally, we report simulations of a synthetic transport channel in selected membranes and characterize its functional behavior by measuring the single-channel water permeability. We suggest that the interatomic potentials and membrane models reported here could be useful in studies of other proteins as well as for deriving potentials for coarse-grained models to permit future simulations of large-scale protein/polymer membranes.
Some new Light on the Roots of Spinoza’s Science of Bible Study

In previous writings about Spinoza’s Biblical criticism, I have stressed the connection of some of Spinoza’s central points with those presented by Isaac La Peyrere in his Prae-Adamitae of 1655 (Popkin, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1973, 1978). La Peyrere had denied the Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch, the accuracy of the existing Biblical texts, and the Biblical claim that everybody is descended from Adam. La Peyrere’s book was published in Amsterdam in five editions in 1655, was denounced far and wide and its author arrested in 1656 in Brussels.
New hydrolysis-dependent thermosensitive polymer for an injectable degradable system.

Novel, bioerodible, thermosensitive poly(NIPAAm-co-dimethyl–γ-butyrolactone), with hydrolysisdependent thermosensitivity, were synthesized by radical polymerization with varying dimethyl-γbutyrolactone content and the properties of the copolymers were characterized using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with Static Light Scattering, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and acid titration. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymers decreased with increasing dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone content, but then increased after ring-opening hydrolysis of the dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone side group. FTIR and NMR spectra showed the copolymerization of these two monomers and the hydrolysis-dependent ring-opening of the dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone side group. It was also found that there are no low-molecular-weight byproducts but rather dissolution of the polymer chains at 37°C during the time frame of application. Models of the kinetics suggest that the hydrolysis reaction is self-catalytic due to an increase in hydrophilicity, and thus accessible water concentration, caused by ring-opening of the dimethyl-γbutyrolactone.
Pre‐injury monocyte/macrophage depletion results in increased blood–brain barrier permeability after traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) effects both the brain and the immune system. Circulating monocytes/macrophages (Mo /Ma ) after a TBI may play an important role in preserving the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reducing brain edema, and interacting with resident microglia. To elucidate the role of circulating Mo /Ma , we utilized a monocyte/macrophage depletion model in response to TBI in male rats. Clodronate liposomes (CL) were used to deplete circulating Mo /Ma . A controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model was used to create a TBI. All animals received either CL or PBS liposomes (PL), 48 and 24 hr prior to the procedure, and were sacrificed 72 hr post-injury for analysis of BBB permeability, brain edema, whole blood (Mo /Ma and granulocytes), and/or microglial analysis. Animals undergoing Mo /Ma depletion with CL prior to CCI (CCI-CL) were found to have increased BBB permeability when compared to non-depleted CCI (CCI-PL) animals. At 72 hr following injury, Sham-CL maintained on average an 82% reduction in the whole blood monocytes when compared to Sham-PL (p < 0.001). Monocytes in the whole blood remained significantly lower in CCI-CL animals when compared to CCI-PL (p < 0.001). The number of granulocytes in the whole blood of CCI-CL animals was higher at 3 days when compared to CCI-PL (p < 0.022). Surprisingly, the depletion of Mo /Ma did not affect brain edema. However, the depletion of Mo /Ma did result in a significant decrease in microglia (CCI-CL vs. CCI-PL, p < 0.012). In conclusion, an intact Mo /Ma population is required to repair BBB integrity and microglial response following injury.
Imprinted gene expression at the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster is controlled by both maternal and paternal IG-DMRs in a tissue-specific fashion.

ABSTRACT Imprinting at the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster is controlled by the IG-DMR, an imprinting control region differentially methylated between maternal and paternal chromosomes. The maternal IG-DMR is essential for imprinting control, functioning as a cis enhancer element. Meanwhile, DNA methylation at the paternal IG-DMR is thought to prevent enhancer activity. To explore whether suppression of enhancer activity at the methylated IG-DMR requires the transcriptional repressor TRIM28, we analyzed Trim28chatwo embryos and performed epistatic experiments with IG-DMR deletion mutants. We found that while TRIM28 regulates the enhancer properties of the paternal IG-DMR, it also controls imprinting through other mechanisms. Additionally, we found that the paternal IG-DMR, previously deemed dispensable for imprinting, is required in certain tissues, demonstrating that imprinting is regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Using PRO-seq to analyze nascent transcription, we identified 30 novel transcribed regulatory elements, including 23 that are tissue-specific. These results demonstrate that different tissues have a distinctive regulatory landscape at the Dlk1-Dio3 cluster and provide insight into potential mechanisms of tissue-specific imprinting control. Together, our findings challenge the premise that Dlk1-Dio3 imprinting is regulated through a single mechanism and demonstrate that different tissues use distinct strategies to accomplish imprinted gene expression.
Knot concordance and von Neumann $\rho$-invariants

We prove the nontriviality, at all integral levels n, of the filtration, F_n, of the classical topological knot concordance group recently defined by the authors and Kent Orr [COT]. Recall that this filtration is significant not only because of it's strong connection to Whitney tower constructions of Casson and Freedman, but also because all previously-known concordance invariants are related to the first few terms in the filtration. In [COT] we proved nontriviality at the first new level (n=3) by using von Neumann $\rho$-invariants of the 3-manifolds obtained by zero surgery on the knots. Here, for larger n, we use the Cheeger-Gromov estimate for such $\rho$-invariants, as well as some rather involved algebraic arguments using our noncommutative Blanchfield forms. In addition, we consider a closely related filtration, defined in terms of Gropes in the 4-ball and show that this filtration is non-trivial for all n>2.
Impact of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on the Reductive Dissolution of Pb(IV) Oxide

Dissolved lead (Pb) concentrations in drinking water are mainly controlled by Pb-containing minerals in corrosion scales on lead service lines. Lead(IV) oxide (PbO2) solids can control lead concent...
Impact of Integrating a Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Risk Calculator into the Electronic Health Record.

Investigators from Kaiser Permanente developed a risk-assessment calculator as a tool for evaluation of early-onset sepsis (EOS) to narrow antibiotic use for the treatment of EOS. The integration of the EOS risk calculator into an electronic health record will minimize manual calculations and data entry and improve compliance and accuracy through automation. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review for neonates ≥34 weeks and 0 days gestational age. We collected data pre-integration and post-integration of the EOS risk calculator. The primary outcome measure is the accuracy of user input into the calculator. Secondary outcomes include compliance with using the EOS risk calculator, impact on clinical recommendation when incorrectly calculated, assessment of antibiotic utilization rate (AUR), and comparison of EOS risk calculator recommendations with Centers for Disease Control and American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations. Results Miscalculations occurred in 52% of instances pre-integration and 19% of instances post-integration; P 0.999. Six cases of culture-positive sepsis were identified, and all recommendations generated by the EOS risk calculator were in alignment with current Centers for Disease Control/American Academy of Pediatrics treatment guidelines. Conclusions Integration of the EOS risk calculator into the electronic health record significantly increased calculator accuracy, although it did not show statistically significant differences with regards to compliance, clinical recommendations, or AUR.
Chapter One – Characteristics of an Ideal Biomarker of Kidney Diseases

Biomarkers are the essential tools for the implementation of personalized medicine. In recent years, the ready availability of powerful tools to scan both the genome and the proteome of an organism have revolutionized and greatly accelerated biomarker discovery. In this chapter, a brief review of how novel biomarkers are discovered and validated and what the general characteristics of an ideal biomarker are, are presented. These general principles are then applied specifically to emerging biomarkers of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.
Health Habits and Behavioral Biases

We examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI), health habits, and financial risk and time preferences. Using a sample of 128 undergraduate business students, we find that participants with higher BMI exhibit greater utility function curvature, greater loss aversion, and greater inability to delay gratification. Additionally, we find that higher fruit consumption and exercise are negatively related to loss aversion; whereas increased vegetable consumption is negatively related to giving stronger weights to payoffs that are closer to the present time (i.e. the present bias). Overall, our results demonstrate that individuals who engage in healthy habits, just as lower BMI, better diet, and exercise more, have a greater tendency to display rational financial decision-making compared to those who do not. These results have important broader implications for the current national and international discussions regarding the societal impact of rising levels of obesity and poor health habits throughout the world.
Modelación hidrológica y escenarios de cambio climático en cuencas de suministro de agua de las ciudades la Paz y el Alto, Bolivia.:

En este articulo se presenta un enfoque util para la modelacion hidrologica de cuencas de suministro de agua potable incluyendo incertidumbres como el cambio climatico. La modelacion se realizo bajo la plataforma Water Evaluation And Planning System (WEAP) y comprende aporte de glaciares, precipitacion-escorrentia, infraestructura hidraulica y demanda urbana. El estudio caso esta referido a los sistemas de agua de las ciudades de La Paz y El Alto que estan ubicadas en la region Occidental de Bolivia. Estas ciudades son abastecidas de agua por pequenas cuencas glaciares de la Cordillera Real. Por el crecimiento acelerado de la poblacion especialmente en la ciudad de El Alto existen problemas en el abastecimiento de agua, y esto podria exacerbase por los impactos negativos del cambio climatico por ejemplo el retroceso de los glaciares. Existe una necesidad urgente de conocer los posibles impactos del cambio climatico, para esto es necesario tener un mayor conocimiento del potencial hidrico de las cuencas. Sin embargo, existen bastantes limitaciones respecto a la disponibilidad y calidad de los datos hidro-climaticas. Asimismo, no se cuenta con datos de escenarios de clima futuro a la escala de las cuencas que permitan modelar los posibles cambios esperados. En ese sentido en esta investigacion se desarrollo una herramienta util para la planificacion de recursos hidricos bajo la incertidumbre de datos historicos y futuros. Los resultados para un horizonte de tiempo 2010-2050 muestran que los glaciares podrian desaparecer en los proximos 30 anos, y esto podria tener implicaciones en la respuesta hidrologicas de las cuencas con la reduccion de la oferta de agua. La ciudad de El Alto seria la mas afectada, ya que se advierten serios problemas en el abastecimiento de agua. Se debe pensar en estudiar estrategias de nuevo almacenamiento de agua como medidas de adaptacion al cambio climatico.
Seeing-and-Being-Seen: Affordances of Sensors and Screens

This chapter addresses the topic of VISIBILITY in digitally mediated urban public space. To see and be seen is a central aspect of public space. The suffusion of public space with digital sensing and surveilling apparatuses adds new dimensions to this economy of visibility. The roles of technologies of sensing and display in regimes of social control, in citizen witnessing and manifesting, and in the formation of urban imaginaries are discussed. The incursion of digital screens, both personal and public, into urban public space, enhances the reconfiguration of relationships between public and private, local and remote, while providing sites for the incubation of future forms of publicness.
Correction: Metal production requirements for rapid photovoltaics deployment

Correction for ‘Metal production requirements for rapid photovoltaics deployment’ by Goksin Kavlak et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 1651–1659, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE00585J.
Acute massive hepatic necrosis with fatal liver failure.

A review was made of the hospital records of 33 patients who died of massive liver necrosis, which was confirmed at autopsy, from 1946 through 1968, in three hospitals in Richmond, Virginia. Although the etiology is difficult to prove, the clinical picture and time sequence indicated that the offending agent was: drug in 8; serum hepatitis in 11; infectious hepatitis in 11; and halothane in 3. Of 19 cases in which prothrombin time was determined, 17 had values below 23%. Leukocytosis, often marked, was present in 28 of 33. This study suggests, but does not prove, that the incidence of massive necrosis of the liver is increasing.
Lucas, Fibonacci, and Chebyshev polynomials from matrices

A simple matrix formulation of the Fibonacci, Lucas, Chebyshev, and Dixon polynomials polynomials is presented. It utilizes the powers and the symmetric tensor powers of a certain matrix.
Content and instructional analysis for cognitive transfer tasks

The task analysis procedures described in this paper are based on the following assumptions: 1) content and instructional strategy are independent phenomena; 2) most courses, particularly at the secondary or higher education level, involve only two types of content-concepts and operations; 3) concepts and operations can be represented at two levels of abstraction-generalities and instances; 4) most courses, particularly at the secondary or higher education level, involve only four levels of behavior-discriminated recall, classification, rule using, and rule finding;' 5) instructional strategies should revolve around rule-using or rule-finding tasks based on mastery models derived from needs and goals. It has been found that these assumptions significantly simplify task analysis procedures. The content specialist with the assistance of an instructional psychologist does not spend time writing behavioral objectives but instead performs two separate and somewhat independent tasks-content analysis and instructional analysis.
Nondeterministic Approach to Tree-Based Jet Substructure

Jet substructure is typically studied using clustering algorithms, such as ${k}_{T}$, which arrange the jets' constituents into trees. Instead of considering a single tree per jet, we propose that multiple trees should be considered, weighted by an appropriate metric. Then each jet in each event produces a distribution for an observable, rather than a single value. Advantages of this approach include (1) observables have significantly increased statistical stability, and (2) new observables, such as the variance of the distribution, provide new handles for signal and background discrimination. For example, we find that employing a set of trees substantially reduces the observed fluctuations in the pruned mass distribution, enhancing the likelihood of new particle discovery for a given integrated luminosity. Furthermore, the resulting pruned mass distributions for (background) QCD jets are found to be substantially wider than that for (signal) jets with intrinsic mass scales, e.g., boosted $W$ jets. A cut on this width yields a substantial enhancement in significance relative to a cut on the standard pruned jet mass alone. In particular the luminosity needed for a given significance requirement decreases by a factor of 2 relative to standard pruning.
Paroxysmal dyskinesias in mice

Animal models of human disease are important tools for revealing the underlying mechanisms of pathophysiology and developing therapeutic strategies. Several unique mouse calcium channel mutants have been identified with nonepileptic, episodic dyskinetic movements that are phenotypically similar to human paroxysmal dyskinesias. In this report, video demonstrations of these motor attacks are provided for two previously described mouse mutants, tottering and lethargic, as well as a new one, rocker. Semiquantitative comparisons using two different rating scales reveal differences in attack morphology, severity, and duration among the strains. These mice provide three independent models of paroxysmal dyskinesia and support for prior proposals that channelopathies may underlie the human disorders.
Legal Writing Style

Legal Writing Style promotes the art of good writing by teaching students and practitioners the tools to make their prose clear, precise, simple, and forceful. With examples of what works and what doesn’t, this short but comprehensive treatise provides an invaluable resource for recasting writing for maximum impact and ultimate success.
Effects of Cinnabar on Pyrite Oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Cinnabar Mobilization by a Mercury-Resistant Strain

The effect of cinnabar on pyrite oxidation by mercury-sensitive and mercury-resistant strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was investigated by using percolation columns. Mercury-resistant strains oxidized pyrite in pyrite-cinnabar mixtures (1 and 10%, wt/wt), whereas a mercury-sensitive strain did not. Elemental mercury was produced by the mercury-resistant strains growing in the pyrite-cinnabar mixtures in percolation columns and in flasks containing cinnabar only. Manometric experiments showed that cinnabar had little effect on oxygen uptake of mercury-sensitive or mercury-resistant cells growing on ferrous sulfate, pyrite, or pyrite-ferrous sulfate mixtures. In addition, shake flask leaching experiments showed that cinnabar had little effect on pyrite oxidation at 1% (wt/wt) but inhibited growth of mercury-sensitive and mercury-resistant strains at 10%. Mercury-resistant strains were unable to grow on cinnabar as an energy source.
Effect of Albumin Microinfusion on Proximal Tubular Pressure

The present study tested the idea that protein in tubular fluid is responsible for an increase in resistance of Henle's loops in the nephrotic syndrome. Single proximal tubules of anesthetized, normal rats were microinfused with an isotonic equilibrium solution containing 0--250 mg/100 ml bovine serum albumin while proximal tubular pressure (PTP) was continuously recorded. Microinfusion at 16 and 40 nl/min produced significant (p less than 0.01) increments in PTP. There was no significant effect (p greater than 0.50) of albumin. These results suggest that moderate concentrations of albumin in tubular fluid do not cause an increase in resistance to tubular fluid flow.
Chemical assay of avermectins by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Abstract Chemical methods for determining the concentrations of the avermectins in feeds, dosage forms, and biological samples are reviewed. The earliest methods for measuring the avermectins made use of the intense ultraviolet absorption due to the conjugated diene (olefinic bonds between carbons 8 and 9 and carbons 9 and 10) that has an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 245 nm and a molar absorptivity of over 30 000 1 mol-cm −1 . High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of the avermectins and photometric measurement of their absorption at 245 nm has permitted the determination of plasma or serum concentrations to approximately 10 ng ml −1 . Increased sensitivity of detection has been achieved by dehydration of the dihydroxycyclohexene ring of the avermectins in the presence of various catalysts that produces an intensely fluorescent derivative with an absorption maximum at 365 nm and emission maximum at 475 nm. These derivatives have been separated by HPLC and detected by fluorescence detectors at concentrations less than 1.0 ng ml −1 of plasma or serum. Recent improvements in the use of more efficient catalysts to effect the dehydration have reduced analysis time and decreased the formation of by-products, thereby improving the performance of these methods. A method based on HPLC with fluorescence detection of the dehydrated derivative was developed to determine invermectin in horse dung after oral ivermectin doses of 200 μg kg −1 of body weight. Ivermectin concentrations greater than 0.05 μg g −1 of wet feces were detectable for 1–2 days after dosing.
Timing medical examinations via intensity functions

SUMMARY This paper studies a decision theoretic method for timing medical examinations. The specific model is motivated by screening asymptomatic individuals for hidden disease or risk-increasing conditions. Ideas and strategies may be applied more broadly to problems in which a stochastic process is monitored over time with a costly and possibly faulty data collection procedure. The decision space is modelled as a space of functions, termed screening intensity functions. Results include explicit rules for deciding whether or not an individual of given age and risk factors should be screened for a disease, and for deciding when an individual examined today should be examined again. Breast cancer screening
The Limits of Japanese Production Systems

Zangwill [Zangwill, W. I. 1992. The limits of Japanese production theory. Interfaces225 14-25.] claims that reductions in setup coat and time can paradoxically increase inventory levels and holding costs without bound and, thereby, blow up total costs. One limitation of this claim is that inventory does not grow without bound for a system with more than one item. Inventory increases conditionally. I offer such a condition. Use of this condition can ensure, wherever possible, that setup time reductions do not back-fire through longer waiting times and higher inventory levels.
Autoxidation of Milk Lipids. III. Effect on Flavor of the Additive Interactions of Carbonyl Compounds at Subthreshold Concentrations

Summary Flavor threshold values were determined for carbonyl compounds in homogenized milk. Values obtained in parts per million were: propanal, 0.43; n -butanal, 0.19; n -pentanal, 0.13; n -hexanal, 0.049; n -heptanal, 0.12; n -octanal, 0.46; n -nonanal, 0.22; n -decanal, 0.24; n -hex-2-enal, 0.067; n -hept-2-enal, 0.077; n -non-2-enal, 0.004; n -dec-2-enal, 0.092; n -hept-2,4-dienal, 0.049. An additive interaction, defined as the interaction of subthreshold concentrations of carbonyl compounds to give a detectable flavor, was observed in a mixture of the C 9 and C 10 alkanals and of the C 8 and C 10 alkanals. The implications of the additive interaction in flavor of foods are discussed.
STRUCTURE BASED CHEMICAL SHIFT PREDICTION USING RANDOM FORESTS NON-LINEAR REGRESSION

Protein nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts are among the most accurately measurable spectroscopic parameters and are closely correlated to protein structure because of their dependence on the local electronic environment. The precise nature of this correlation remains largely unknown. Accurate prediction of chemical shifts from existing structures’ atomic co-ordinates will permit close study of this relationship. This paper presents a novel non- linear regression based approach to chemical shift prediction from protein structure. The regression model employed combines quantum, classical and empirical variables and provides statistically signifi cant improved prediction accuracy over existing chemical shift predictors, across protein backbone atom types. The results presented here were obtained using the Random Forest regression algorithm on a protein entry data set derived from the RefDB re-referenced chemical shift database.
Development of transition metal phosphine complexes as electrocatalysts for CO2 and CO reduction

Abstract [Pd(triphosphine)(solvent)](BF4)2 complexes have been developed as catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO. A variety of structural features of these complexes have been varied to determine their effects on the mechanism, rates, and decomposition products of these catalysts. The structural features varied included substituents on the triphosphine ligand, the size of the chelate bite, and donor atoms of the tridentate ligand. Bimetallic catalysts containing two [Pd(triphosphine)(solvent)] units have been prepared and characterized that exhibit a cooperative interaction during CO2 reduction with large rate enhancements compared to their monomeric analogs. As a first step in developing electrocatalysts capable of reducing CO, electrochemically generated hydrides of Ni and Pd have been shown to transfer their hydride ligands to coordinated CO to form formyl complexes.
Unique Risk-Return Characteristics of High-Yield Bonds

As the high-yield (HY) bond market has grown in size and significance, it is important to examine its place in the total capital market and to develop a better understanding of its composition and characteristics. This article considers differences between the investment-grade and the HY bond market, unique characteristics within the HY bond market, and changes in the correlations between asset class sectors and their volatilities over time. There is strong evidence that HY bonds have a very significant equity component that makes them a different asset class from investment-grade bonds. Within the HY bond universe, BB bonds are heavily affected by market interest rates with some equity effect; B-rated bonds have more equity-like characteristics than an interest rate effect; and CCC-rated bonds have virtually no market interest rate effect. There is also clear evidence of changes in correlations among asset classes over time. There have been significant changes in volatility over time, with striking changes duing the 1990–1991 recession, the 1998 Russian credit crisis, and the year 2000 credit crunch. The authors discuss the significant implications of these results for bond analysts and portfolio managers.
Interspecific Spore Inhibition in the Cellular Slime Moulds

EXPERIMENTS were designed by one of us (H. M. S.) to determine whether or not there was any kind of competition between different species of slime mould when they were inoculated in the same culture dish. If Escherichia coli (as a food source) was spread with an inoculation loop over the surface of non-nutrient agar1 in a Petri dish and approximately equal numbers of spores from two species of slime mould were mixed in one small spot, then invariably only one of the species developed (either in the light or in the dark); the second species appeared to be completely inhibited. Using this method, the following hierarchy of inhibition was established: Dictyostelium purpureum (No. 2) > Polysphondylium violaceum (No. 6) > D. discoideum (No. 1) > D. mucoroides (No. 2). This method was also attempted using the wild type of strain No. 6 of D. mucoroides and a small mutant derived from the same strain. In this case also, one form (the wild type) completely inhibited the development of the mutant.
Innovation and opportunity for chimeric antigen receptor targeted T cells.

Adoptive cell therapy truly began with the introduction of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The ability to manipulate genes through cloning and expression methodologies have allowed for the development of novel chimeric receptors to selectively target cancer when introduced into immune cells. Over the past decade, gene engineered cells have been tested in clinical trials throughout the world. Recent data and striking clinical responses demonstrate the power of this new type of therapy. Current challenges include managing a potent therapy that is a dividing, rather than a static drug, safeguarding against potential toxicity, and further development to enable access to a greater number of patients.
Geometry and electronic states of CuF2

Abstract The non-empirical SCF MO theory using a contracted gaussian basis set has been applied to CuF2 in an attempt to resolve questions about its geometry and electronic states.
Adverse effects of superoxide and defenses: studies with Escherichia coli.

(1998). Adverse Effects of Superoxide and Defenses: Studies with Escherichia Colt. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 277-283.