cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow immunophenotyping of benign lymph nodes sampled by FNA: Representative with diagnostic pitfalls

Background Fine-needle aspiration with flow cytometry (FNA-FC) is routinely used in the evaluation of lymph nodes suspicious for lymphoma, yet data comparing immunophenotype distributions and outliers in benign lymph nodes sampled by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) versus excision are lacking. Methods Flow cytometry data from 289 benign lymph node FNA cases were assessed for the overall antigen distribution, with a focus on outliers relevant to the diagnosis of lymphoma. Distributions and outlier proportions were compared with those of a separate cohort of 298 excisional biopsies. Results Compared with excisional biopsies, FNA specimens overrepresented CD3+ events (72% vs 63%), underrepresented CD19+ events (22% vs 29%), and had 25% fewer large cell-gated events. Normalized antigen distributions in FNA were equivalent to those in excisional biopsy. Twenty-three percent of FNA-FC cases exhibited an outlier, including a skewed kappa:lambda light-chain ratio, increased CD5+ or CD10+ B-cell events, a skewed CD4:CD8 ratio, and increased CD7 loss on T cells, with no significant differences in frequency or type in comparison with excisional specimens. Outliers for the light-chain ratio and T-cell antigens were enriched among older patients and included patients with a variety of autoimmune/rheumatologic conditions. Conclusions Benign lymph node FNA yields flow immunophenotypes remarkably similar to those from excisional biopsies. Outlier flow immunophenotypes are identified in benign lymph nodes sampled by FNA at a frequency similar to that with excisional biopsies. Older patients, who have a higher baseline risk of lymphoma, are more likely to exhibit lymphoma-mimicking outliers such as a light-chain predominance on B cells and skewed CD4:CD8 ratios or increased CD7 loss on T cells, and they warrant additional diagnostic caution.
Using acute stress to improve episodic memory: The critical role of contextual binding.

Abstract Previous research has shown that encountering a brief stressor shortly after learning can be beneficial for memory. Recent studies, however, have shown that post-encoding stress does not benefit all recently encoded memories, and an adequate theoretical account of these effects remains elusive. The current study tested a contextual binding account of post encoding stress by examining the effect of varying the context in which the stressor was experienced. Participants encoded a mixture of negative and neutral images, immediately followed by a stressor (i.e., socially evaluated cold pressor) or a non-stress control task. Half of the participants received the stress/control manipulation in the same context as the study materials and half were moved to another context (i.e., a different room with a different experimenter). Two days later all participants returned to the original study room and received a recognition memory test. The results indicated that stress increased recognition memory only when the stressor occurred in the same context as the study materials, whereas stress did not benefit memory if the stressor occurred in a different context. Moreover, stress related increases in salivary cortisol were related to increases in memory when the stressor occurred in the same context as the study materials but not when the context changed. Similar effects were observed for negative and neutral materials and for males and females. These results are consistent with a contextual binding account and suggest that stress acts on memory by enhancing the encoding of the ongoing context of the stressor which benefits memory for the immediately preceding events that share the same context.
Erythema Gyratum Repens Associated with Anal Cancer

Erythema Gyratum Repens Associated with Anal Cancer A 73-year-old woman presented with an evolving pruritic, erythematous rash and was found to have anal cancer. A diagnosis of erythema gyratum repens was made.
Transformative Vision in Liberal Rights Jurisprudence on Racial Equality: A Lesson from Justice Moseneke

This essay juxtaposes Deputy Chief Justice Moseneke’s judgment in Barnard with the Campbell judgment of the Southern African Development Community (‘SADC’) Tribunal, to underscore the vital role of judges in the quest for substantive racial equality in southern Africa. This essay situates Barnard in an antisubordination tradition. It calls attention to Justice Moseneke’s transformative vision of substantive racial equality and the doctrinal path he forges to this end. It then argues that Campbell—which should be read in important part as an affirmative action case—represents a missed opportunity for setting the region on an analogous course. On the specific issue of racial discrimination, Campbell’s rejection of the relevance of historical racial subordination and its lack of doctrinal nuance in assessing racial discrimination risk charting a course towards formal notions of equality that Barnard rightly repudiates. By making this argument, this essay offers the first detailed legal critique of Campbell as an affirmative action case.
Analysis of Systems Security Engineering Design Principles for the Development of Secure and Resilient Systems

The increasing prevalence of cyber-attacks highlights the need for improved systems security analysis and engineering in safety-critical and mission-essential systems. Moreover, the engineering challenge of developing secure and resilient systems that meet specified constraints of cost, schedule, and performance is progressively difficult given the trend toward increasing complexity, interrelated systems-of-systems. This paper analyzes the 18 design principles presented in the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication (NIST SP) 800-160 Volume 1 and considers their applicability for the development of secure and resilient systems of interest. The purpose of this work is to better understand how these design principles can be consistently and effectively employed to meet stakeholder defined security and resiliency needs as part of a comprehensive systems security engineering approach. Specifically, this work uses the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) analysis to study the 18 design principles presented in NIST SP 800-160 Vol. 1, Appendix F, along with their intra- and inter-dependencies to develop complex cyber-physical systems that are secure, trustworthy, and resilient. The DSM analysis results increase understanding of the various relationships between the 18 design principles and identifies two clusters for secure systems design: Architecture and Trust. Lastly, this work provides a notional command and control system case study, along with a detailed listing of engineering considerations, to demonstrate how these principles and their groupings can be systematically applied as part of a comprehensive approach for developing cyber-physical systems which are designed to operate in hostile environments.
Combined impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the bioindicator Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787)

Abstract Intense natural disturbances can dramatically affect populations in various ecosystems and existence of human influences can make the impacts of natural disturbance even greater by reducing the resilience of the populations. Here, we determine how the impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances alter population structure of a widespread bioindicator, the Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) by examining its burrow density, size and distribution before and after a hurricane on beaches with different levels of human impacts. We predicted that burrow density and size would show a dramatic decline after the hurricane mainly on the most human-impacted beaches. Because the smaller individuals of this species are highly sensitive to desiccation and thus normally occupy the lower parts of beaches, we further predicted that burrow distribution would not show any changes following the hurricane. We found that the density of ghost crab burrows strongly declined, but that this decline was lessdramatic on beaches with higher levels of human impact. However, the decline in the burrow size 4–7 days following hurricane disturbance indicates that the hurricane had greater impact on larger than on smaller individuals. Moreover, we found that the burrow distribution shifted after the hurricane. When the larger individuals were excluded from the system, the smaller individuals occupied the upper parts of the beach, suggesting that intra-specific interactions are the major mechanism determining the distribution pattern of ghost crabs on sandy shores, rather than physiological limitations (desiccation) that have previously been proposed. Our results suggest that, human influences make the populations less resilient against natural disturbances and that natural disturbances have a larger impact on larger individuals of this bioindicator species.
Understandability and actionability of audiovisual patient education materials on sinusitis

Background Acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are debilitating diseases that affect from 5% to 16% of the population. YouTube is the second most commonly used search engine and is often utilized by patients to garner health information regarding various disease processes and their respective management options. An evaluation of these information resources for quality and reliability is warranted, especially in an era in which patients are increasingly turning to audiovisual (A/V) media to educate themselves regarding their ailments. Methods The YouTube video database was searched using the term "sinusitis" from its inception through to November 2018. The first 50 videos populated under the relevance-based ranking option were collected and parsed by time and language. Of the 50 videos, 10 were eliminated either for length (≤1 minute or ≥20 minutes), language (any language other than English), and/or for later being removed by YouTube for copyright violations. The videos were then assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool-Audio/Visual (PEMAT-A/V) by 2 independent reviewers for understandability and actionability. Results A total of 40 videos were examined using the PEMAT-A/V tool. The average understandability score was 57.7%, whereas the average actionability score was 46.3%. Eleven videos (28%) had actionability scores of 0%. Videos most commonly addressed disease management options (38%). The second largest category was case presentations regarding surgical techniques (30%). There were only 6 videos focused primarily on education about the definition and common traits of sinusitis (15%). Conclusion Our results show a paucity of high-quality online A/V educational material pertaining to sinusitis, with a majority of videos being neither understandable nor actionable. As patients increasingly turn to internet video databases like YouTube for medical information, it is critical that physicians and institutions create A/V material that is accurate, understandable, and actionable.
Aortic uncrossing and tracheobronchopexy corrects tracheal compression and tracheobronchomalacia associated with circumflex aortic arch.

Abstract Objective Aortic uncrossing is an effective procedure for relieving the external airway compression from a circumflex aortic arch by transferring the aortic arch to the same side as the descending aorta. However, patients frequently have residual tracheobronchomalacia (TBM), which may result in persistent postoperative symptoms. We review a series of patients who underwent an aortic uncrossing and concomitant tracheobronchopexy to correct the airway compression and residual TBM. Methods Retrospective review of all patients who underwent aortic uncrossing and concomitant tracheobronchopexy at a single institution between September 2016 and March 2019. Preoperative evaluation included computed tomography angiography and rigid 3-phase dynamic bronchoscopy. Results Eight patients who ranged in age from 4 months to 15 years with significant respiratory symptoms underwent an aortic uncrossing procedure with concomitant tracheobronchial procedures. Mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (mean time, 105.6 ± 39.4 min) and regional perfusion (mean time, 44 ± 10 min) were used without circulatory arrest. Intraoperative bronchoscopy demonstrated no patients had residual TBM. There were no postoperative mortalities, neurologic complications, chylothoraces, coarctations, or obstructed aortic arches. Two patients required tracheostomy and gastrostomy for bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis (patients 2 and 3). One patient with bronchial stenosis after concomitant slide bronchoplasty required stenting. At a median follow-up of 22 months (range, 5-34 months), all patients were alive without evidence of significant respiratory symptoms. Conclusions The aortic uncrossing procedure can be performed safely in pediatric patients of all ages without circulatory arrest. Concomitant procedures addressing associated TBM can significantly improve respiratory symptoms.
Selection rules for quasibound states in the continuum

Photonic crystal slabs (PCSs) are a well-studied class of devices known to support optical Fano resonances for light normally incident to the slab, useful for narrow-band filters, modulators, and nonlinear photonic devices. In shallow-etched PCSs the linewidth of the resonances is easily controlled by tuning the etching depth. This design strength comes at the cost of large device footprints due to the poor in-plane localization of optical energy. In fully-etched PCSs realized in high-index-contrast material systems, the in-plane localization is greatly improved, but the command over linewidth suffers. This disadvantage in fully-etched PCSs, also known as high contrast gratings (HCGs), can be overcome by accessing symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs). By perturbing an HCG, the BIC may be excited from the free space with quality factor showing an inverse squared dependence on the magnitude of the perturbation, while inheriting the excellent in-plane localization of their unperturbed counterparts. Here, we report an exhaustive catalog of the selection rules (if and to which free space polarization coupling occurs) of symmetry-protected BICs controlled by in-plane symmetry breaking in six types of two-dimensional PCS lattices. The chosen lattices allow access to the three highest symmetry mode classes of unperturbed square and hexagonal PCSs. The restriction to in-plane symmetry breaking allows for manufacturing devices with simple lithographic fabrication techniques in comparison to out-of-plane symmetry breaking, useful for practical applications. The approach reported provides a high-level road map for designing PCSs supporting controllable sharp spectral features with minimal device footprints using a mature fabrication platform. To demonstrate the use of the resulting alphabet of structures, we numerically demonstrate nonlocal metasurface platforms for terahertz generation, mechanically tunable optical lifetimes, and wavefront shaping exclusively at resonance.
LSTM-Based Multi-Link Prediction for mmWave and Sub-THz Wireless Systems

A key challenge in mmWave systems is the rapid variations in channel quality along different beam directions. MmWave links are highly susceptible to blockage and small changes in the orientation of the device or appearance of blockers can lead to dramatic changes in link quality along any given direction. Many low-latency applications need to accurately predict link quality from multiple directions and multiple cells. This paper presents a novel long short term memory (LSTM)-based method for predicting multi-directional link quality in mmWave systems. The method is validated on two problems: A realistic simulation of multi-cell link tracking in an environment with randomly moving human and vehicular blockers at 28 and 140 GHz, and beam prediction in a real indoor setting at 60 GHz.
Patient Satisfaction with Neurosurgery Telemedicine Visits During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine refers to various modalities for remote care, including telephone calls, imaging review, and real-time video teleconferencing visits. Although it has not been widely used in outpatient neurosurgery settings, the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has necessitated a broader adoption. Our goal is to show the level of patient satisfaction with their telemedicine care. METHODS: We prospectively studied consecutive telemedicine patients who scheduled outpatient neurosurgery visits from May 15 to June 8, 2020. Patients were seen by the surgeon via real-time video conferencing using Google Meet, and then completed a telemedicine satisfaction survey. Our primary outcome was telemedicine satisfaction scores. We compared satisfaction scores between new and established patients and between patients within and outside of a 15-mile radius of the nearest clinic location. Sensitivity analyses were performed to account for the nonrespondents. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Five-hundred and ninety patients completed a telemedicine visit during the study period. One patient from out of state was excluded. Three-hundred and ten patients (52.6%) responded. The average age was 60.9 ± 13.60 years; 59% were female, 20.6% were new patients; the average distance to the clinic was 28.03 ± 36.09 km (17.42 ± 22.43 miles). The mean overall satisfaction score was 6.32 ± 1.27. Subgroup analyses by new/established patient status and distance from their home to the clinic showed no significant difference in mean satisfaction scores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine provided a viable and satisfactory option for neurosurgical patients in the outpatient setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Distributed Production Scheduling for Multi-Product Flexible Production Lines

Production scheduling is the pivot to enable a flexible production operation to meet market demands. In this paper, we consider the production scheduling problem in a multi-product flexible production line with limited end-of-line inventory capacity. The market demands arrive in a real-time and stochastic manner. The Cost of Tardiness is incurred if the market demand is not met, and the Cost of Surfeit is incurred if the finished products exceed the inventory capacity. We propose a data-driven modeling method to describe the dynamics of the flexible production lines considering tool setup time. Based on the mathematical model, a distributed production scheduling scheme is proposed. We let the information regarding the market demands and inventory levels flow backward along the production line. Each machine schedules its own production based on current and predicted customer demands, and then informs its upstream machine.
Sleep restriction and human physiology and behavior: questions posed, answers found?

Citation:Watson NF, Van Dongen HPA. Sleep restriction and human physiology and behavior: questions posed, answers found? J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(suppl_1):7S–8S.
Surgical management of large bilateral epibulbar dermoids with autologous oral mucous membrane transplantation.

Abstract Purpose To report the surgical management of extensive epibulbar dermoids with autologous oral mucous membrane transplantation. Observations While rare, extensive dermoids that encroach upon the visual axis carry a poor prognosis. We report the case of a 7-week old premature male infant who presented with large bilateral epibulbar dermoids obscuring the visual axis. He was treated first with sequential bilateral optical iridectomies under the clearest corneal areas, followed several months later by sequential dermoid excision and amniotic membrane transplantation in each eye. He subsequently underwent autologous “simple” oral mucosal epithelial transplantation (SOMET) as well as strabismus surgery. Conclusions and Importance: Here we present the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of the use of SOMET in managing post-operative pseudopterygium following dermoid excision. To our knowledge it is the also the first application of this technique in a young pediatric patient. A good clinical outcome may be achieved with SOMET, which may offer a minimally invasive alternative to other traditional modalities.
The T-periodic choice with limited loyalty

We study a decision-maker who selects, in every fixed period of time, T times from every collection of feasible alternatives, where T is pre-determined by him. We axiomatize the class of T-choice functions according to which the decision-maker has fixed preference relation along the same period but has limited loyalty. The decision-maker selects, deterministically, in a way such that the higher an alternative is ranked by his preference relation the higher it is selected in his T choices.
Increased Prevalence of Dysgeusia in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19

Purpose: An altered sense of taste (dysgeusia) has been associated with COVID-19 infection in adults but is not sufficiently documented in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the odds ratio for dysgeusia associated with COVID-19 in a pediatric population of a major health center. Methods: Deidentified aggregate data, provided by the chief data officer (Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside-I2B2) from June 2015 to October 2020, was used for correlation using the dysgeusia code (ICD 10 R43.2) with and without positivity for COVID-19. COVID-19 patients were measured from January 2020 to October 2020. Results: Among the 552 children who tested positive for COVID-19, nine also tested positive for dysgeusia and were older than nine years of age (odds ratio equals 149.5; 95 percent confidence interval equals 66.9 to 334.3; P<0.001). Conclusions: Based on a strong association between COVID-19 and dysgeusia in children, dental professionals treating children are recommended to include questions about recent changes in appetite and taste as part of their patient screening COVID-19 questionnaire.
X-ray crystallographic studies of the metal binding sites on recombinant porcine fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION I Background of FBPase 1 Properties of FBPase 3 Questions Regarding the Allosteric Regulation by AMP and the Role of Loop 52-72 16 The Role of Loop 52-72 and Allosteric Transition 19 Monovalent Metal Sites 21 Catalytic Mechanism of FBPase 24 Dissertation Organization 28 References 30 CHAPTER 2. ROLE OF DYNAMIC LOOP IN CATION ACTIVATION AND ALLOSTERIC REGULATION OF RECOMBINANT POCBME FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE 38 Abstract 38 Introduction 39 Experimental Procedures 41 Results 44 Discussion 59 References 66 CHAPTER 3. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF FRUCTOSE 1,6-BISPHOSPHATASE: MECHANISM OF CATALYSIS AND ALLOSTERIC INHIBITION REVEALED IN PRODUCT COMPLEXES 71 Abstract 7
Femtosecond pulse propagation in optical fibers

Femtosecond pulse propagation at 1.55 µm through a 90-meter link of single-mode optical fiber is analyzed. Observation and characterization of pulse evolution as a function of energy, distance, soliton formation and soliton self-frequency shift are shown.
Analytical and simulated signal prediction for a collimated point sensor using a surface emission model

Simulation of IR measurements from an arbitrary emitting body is complicated by the fact that measured energy is emitted only from the object's surface. A two-dimensional model of collimated measurements is derived and compared to an unusual signal estimation algorithm based on a sorting procedure. Mathematical development yields a two-dimensional analytical expression providing the response of a collimated omnidirectional point sensor to a general straight-line emitter in an attenuating medium with a constant attenuation coefficient. The analytical response has been used to predict sensor responses to various synthetic images representing idealized cross-sections of intruding heated material. Agreement between analytical predictions and simulations from synthetic images is very good. >
Therapeutic prospects for migraine: can paradise be regained?

Migraine is a common, complex brain disorder whose biology is becoming better understood. Despite being the most disabling of the neurological disorders on a worldwide basis, headache disorders broadly, and migraine in particular, have poor research funding and a limited academic base. Given a modicum of investment, new targets, such as calcitonin gene-related peptide–based mechanisms, and entirely novel neuromodulation approaches illustrate that much can be done to improve patient care. Genetics and neuroimaging combined with excellent clinical phenotyping and translational neuroscience approaches are set to transform life for a cohort of patients with these common brain disorders. Ann Neurol 2013;74:423–434
The chemical classification of iron meteorites. IV - Irons with Ge concentrations greater than 190 ppm and other meteorites associated with group I

Abstract Concentrations of Ni, Ga, Ge, and Ir are reported for 87 iron meteorites with high Ge concentrations. Chemical group I is defined as those iron meteorites with 190–520 ppm Ge which fall within “main-sequence” fields on Ge vs. Ge and Ge vs. Ni plots. The Ni, Ga, and Ir ranges are 6.4–8.6%, 56–100 ppm, and 0.6–5.5 ppm, respectively. The Ge-Ga correlation is positive, Ge-Ni and Ga-Ni correlations negative, and Ir is not correlated with the other three elements. Members of group I have similar structures with kamacite bandwidths generally falling in the coarse-octahedrite range, and with numerous, often large inclusions which frequently contain silicates. Three additional categories of anomalous irons which show evidence of a relationship to group I are also defined. Category I-Anl includes irons which fall off the main sequence in Ge-Ga or Ge-Ni plots, but have structures which are very similar to those in group I. Category I-An2 includes main-sequence irons with Ge concentrations between 78 and 190 ppm, and other irons with Copiapo-type silicate inclusions. Category I-An3 irons are similar to the group I members in Ga and Ge contents, and insofar as they are rich in inclusions, but are anomalous in structure, and are not as likely to be genetically related to group I as are the former two categories. A consideration of available evidence indicates that group I is one of the most primitive groups of iron meteorites. The present relationship between metal and silicates appears to have formed nonigneously, perhaps as a result of metal-silicate fractionation in the solar nebula.
Adverse Selection, Licensing and the Role of Securitization in Financial Market Evolution, Structure and Pricing

This paper models the structure of a financial market that is composed of two types of institutions, banks and securities or secondary markets. The model analyzes the development of the securities market as a way of trading off its lower cost of securitization with adverse selection due to asymmetric information possessed by banks, using a simple adverse selection model in the tradition of Akerlof (1970). Successive modifications, including licensing contracts similar to those of Leland (1979) and Chan and Leland (1982) solve some of the adverse selection problems by "licensing"loan sellers in an effort to provide minimum quality standards.
Department of Defense Procurement Practices after Adarand: What Lies Ahead for the Largest Purchase of Goods and Services and its Base of Small Disadvantaged Business Contractors

Despite close to 95% of prime contract dollars being awarded to non-minority businesses, majority contractors believe that affirmative action in the form of federal procurement minority set-asides is “discrimination for its own sake.” Seemingly adopting this belief, the Supreme Court in Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, struck a blow to the minority contracting community by raising the standard of review in cases challenging the constitutionality of federal affirmative action programs to the highest level of review – strict scrutiny. As a result of the Supreme Court’s decision in Adarand, the Department of Defense (DoD) has been compelled to quickly review its own affirmative action programs and determine the best course of action in light of the Supreme Court’s pronouncement that federal race-conscious affirmative action programs be reviewed under strict scrutiny. Part II of this essay begins with a brief analysis of the Supreme Court’s decisions in Adarand and the legislative history of DoD’s most successful affirmative action procurement program, which is often referred to as the “1207 program.” Part III reviews the post-Adarand effect on the program, highlighting legal challenges to DoD’s race-based set-asides. Part IV proposes the type of evidence that may be used by DoD to support the constitutionality of its affirmative action programs and suggests alternative programs which will ensure that small disadvantaged businesses receive meaningful opportunities to compete for defense contract dollars.
Minimum level nonplanar patterns for trees

Minimum level nonplanar (MLNP) patterns play the role for level planar graphs that the forbidden Kuratowksi subdivisions K5 and K3,3 play for planar graphs. We add two MLNP patterns for trees to the previous set of tree patterns given by Healy et al. Neither of these patterns match any of the previous patterns. We show that this new set of patterns completely characterizes level planar trees.
Judicial Review and Populism

Some critics of judicial review are calling for a populist or "democratic" constitution. They advocate abolition of judicial review in the name of greater democracy. This paper explores reasons to be skeptical of the call to eliminate judicial review. First, some critiques too quickly identify "the people" with elected officials. As a result, they underestimate the contribution judicial review can make to democracy. Second, the focus on eliminating judicial review as a means of achieving democratic politics is not accompanied by a searching examination of what would be required for a strong democracy. Instead of an obsessive focus on the counter-majoritarian difficulty caused by judicial review, we need to give attention to the majoritarian difficulty - the obstructions we face to a meaningful democratic process. Rather than abolish judicial review, this paper calls for us to broaden the conception of what we see as a constitutional question and to consider what constitutional reforms (using the word "constitutional" in its broad sense) would be required for greater democracy. That would require a shift from obsessive focus on the Court and the document to a wider focus on basic factors that influence what sort of a constitution - in the larger sense - we have. Popular constitutional argument has at times served some of the functions we expect from judicial review. Greater acceptance and appreciation of the role of popular constitutional argument might also contribute to a more democratic constitutionalism.
4H‐1,3‐Dioxin

[290-13-1] C4H6O2 (MW 86.10) InChI = 1S/C4H6O2/c1-2-5-4-6-3-1/h1-2H,3-4H2 InChIKey = UCZQXJKDCHCTAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (precursor to a β-formylvinyl anion equivalent;1 useful for the preparation of β-substituted acroleins,1-3 syn-1,3-diols,4 and anti,anti-1,2,3-triols4) Physical Data: bp 97–99 °C. Solubility: sol THF, ether, hexanes. Preparative Methods: by elimination of 5-tosyloxy-1,3-dioxane in DMSO using Potassium tert-Butoxide5 or KOCMe2C6H136 as the base. A more convenient procedure employs triethylene glycol as the solvent and Potassium Hydroxide as the base.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: thermally labile. A rapid distillation is required in order to prevent decomposition via retrocycloaddition to acrolein and formaldehyde.
New Russian immigrants: health problems, practices, and values.

As with many ethnic immigrant groups, the Russian immigrants have experienced drastic cultural shock. Even thought there has been tremendous increases in the number of Russians relocating to the United States of America (U.S.A.), very little health care-related information is available about Russian immigrants. This article explores Russian immigrants' themes of potential stress, health problems, and self-care/self-help strategies as reported by a focus group of Russian immigrants in a large U.S.A. southern metropolitan city.
The influence of gender on parasympathetic vasodilatation in the submandibular gland of the rat

Parasympathetic vasodilatation in the rat submandibular gland is mediated by nitric oxide-dependent and -independent mechanisms (prostacyclin and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)). The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender on the relative contributions of each pathway to nerve-stimulated vasodilatation. Absolute increases in perfusion (laser Doppler flowmetry) were similar in male and female rats (in arbitrary perfusion units: 6159 ± 4530 and 5601 ± 3877 at 2 Hz; 15645 ± 6830 and 14848 ± 6118 at 5 Hz; and 22418 ± 7660 and 18878 ± 5864 at 10 Hz). However, expressed as a percentage increase above resting values, stimulated perfusion was higher in males than in females (P < 0.05). In males both Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and indomethacin partly blocked parasympathetic vasodilatation at all frequencies tested (P < 0.05). In female rats significant reductions in nerve-stimulated perfusion were observed only at 2 and 5 Hz, but the effects of l-NAME were greater than in males (−64 compared with −45% at 2 Hz and −45 compared with −33% at 5 Hz, P < 0.05). Indomethacin by itself had no apparent effect in females. The combined effects of l-NAME and indomethacin were dependent on the order of administration and on gender. Following l-NAME, indomethacin had no further effect in males or females. l-NAME reduced indomethacin-resistant vasodilatation in males and females, but the added effect of indomethacin was more pronounced in males. Finally, atropine-resistant vasodilatation was partly blocked by l-NAME, and the remaining vasodilatation was abolished by spantide I (substance P receptor antagonist). We conclude that NO, products of cyclo-oxygenase activity and EDHF all play a role in parasympathetic vasodilatation, but that NO and EDHF are the major endothelium-derived vasodilators in the rat submandibular gland. In addition, when other pathways are blocked EDHF makes a greater contribution in females. Lastly, both vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P contribute to the atropine-resistant vasodilatation.
Replication Actually: Comment on Crawford and Pilanski (2013)

When do people support freedom of speech? Are some groups more likely to tolerate controversial speech than others? Understanding ideological variations in speech tolerance has theoretical implications for understanding similarities and differences between people on the political left and right. Crawford and Pilanski (2013; hereafter CP) provide a nice empirical contribution to this research question as a replication and extension of our earlier research (Lindner & Nosek, 2009; hereafter LN). CP interpreted their results as showing a different effect than LN. However, we understand CP’s results to be a conceptual replication of LN’s.
DNA Double-Strand Breaks Relieve USF-Mediated Repression of Dβ2 Germline Transcription in Developing Thymocytes

Activation of germline promoters is central to V(D)J recombinational accessibility, driving chromatin remodeling, nucleosome repositioning, and transcriptional read-through of associated DNA. We have previously shown that of the two TCRβ locus (Tcrb) D segments, Dβ1 is flanked by an upstream promoter that directs its transcription and recombinational accessibility. In contrast, transcription within the DJβ2 segment cluster is initially restricted to the J segments and only redirected upstream of Dβ2 after D-to-J joining. The repression of upstream promoter activity prior to Tcrb assembly correlates with evidence that suggests DJβ2 recombination is less efficient than that of DJβ1. Because inefficient DJβ2 assembly offers the potential for V-to-DJβ2 recombination to rescue frameshifted V-to-DJβ1 joints, we wished to determine how Dβ2 promoter activity is modulated upon Tcrb recombination. In this study, we show that repression of the otherwise transcriptionally primed 5'Dβ2 promoter requires binding of upstream stimulatory factor (USF)-1 to a noncanonical E-box within the Dβ2 12-recombination signal sequence spacer prior to Tcrb recombination. USF binding is lost from both rearranged and germline Dβ2 sites in DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit-competent thymocytes. Finally, genotoxic dsDNA breaks lead to rapid loss of USF binding and gain of transcriptionally primed 5'Dβ2 promoter activity in a DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit-dependent manner. Together, these data suggest a mechanism by which V(D)J recombination may feed back to regulate local Dβ2 recombinational accessibility during thymocyte development.
Effect of glipizide GITS on insulin sensitivity, glycemic indices, and abdominal fat composition in NIDDM

Glipizide in a once daily formulation utilizing the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) has been shown in preliminary studies to improve insulin sensitivity as assessed with meal tolerance testing. To evaluate the ability of glipizide GITS to specifically improve clinical insulin sensitivity in vivo, a double–blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 40 NIDDM subjects to either glipizide GITS or placebo. The study was designed to evaluate NIDDM subjects whose fasting blood glucose was <190 mg% and Ghb <11% to avoid the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on insulin resistance and secretion. After screening, oral hypoglycemic agents were discontinued for one month, at which time a meal tolerance test with glucose and insulin response, glycated hemoglobin, and fructosamine were obtained. Insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness (Sg) were determined with a 4–h frequently sampled intravenous tolerance test (modified minimal model – 3rd phase insulin infusion) at baseline. Specific abdominal fat depots were quantitated by MRI scans. Patients were then randomized to receive placebo or active drug and all parameters were repeated at 1, 2, 5, and 8 months after randomization. Glipizide GITS significantly improved meal tolerance, reduced glycated blood proteins, and increased insulin sensitivity (P < .001). No change was seen for SG. There was no significant change in abdominal fat distribution during the trial. Glipizide GITS is effective in lowering glucose tolerance and improving insulin sensitivity without an increase in fasting insulin, weight gain, or change in abdominal fat composition. Drug Dev. Res. 44:1–7, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The relationship between smoking status and serious psychological distress: findings from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

Objectives: To examine the associations between smoking and quit attempts with psychological distress and also by socioeconomic groups.
Gas phase hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements

Measurements of hyper-Rayleigh scattering intensities and polarization ratios are presented for nine small molecules in the gas phase [CH4, CF4, CCl4, N2O, NH3, D2O, SO2, CF2Cl2, and (CH3)2CO]. In four cases [CH4, CF4, CCl4, and N2O] all molecular hyperpolarizability tensor components can be determined from the measurements. The results of this experiment are compared with the results of previous ab initio calculations, finding discrepancies up to 60%. Including vibrational contributions decreases the discrepancies for CH4 and CF4 and increases them for CCl4, D2O, and NH3.
An heuristic algorithm for a multi-product, single machine capacitated production scheduling problem

Abstract This paper develops a technique for solving a capacitated production scheduling problem representative of a paper forming manufacturing process. The process involves equipment set ups for which down time has both fixed and variable components. An objective of minimizing the total time required to produce given orders for each of the products is considered. The scheduling problem may be characterized as a non-linear, integer, optimization problem. While there is a variety of literature available concerning optimization and scheduling theory, very little of it is directly applicable to the problem investigated here. The algorithmic methods (and associated computer programs) that were used in this research were developed specifically to solve these problems in reasonable times. The proposed algorithm is shown to generate production schedules that exceeded the true optimal by no more than 5%. Scope and purpose This paper develops an algorithmic approach for solving a particular capacitated production scheduling problem that appears in paper forming and other industries employing similar manufacturing processes. Typical instances of the problem are so difficult (over 500 trillion possible schedules for seven products) as to be unsolvable by exact methods or current commercial software. This paper characterizes an heuristic algorithm capable of solving the problem in a reasonable amount of time. The heuristic algorithm is validated experimentally by comparing the heuristic solutions to those obtained with complete implicit enumeration on small test problems adapted from actual problem instances occurring at a company employing paper forming processes. This paper discusses algorithmic and heuristic approaches to solving a particular large scheduling problem. It also deals with computer implementations of and experimentation with these algorithms.
Dreams of transsexuals awaiting surgery

Summary Transsexuals most eagerly anticipate the proposed surgical change and expect to experience no regret at losing the unwanted sex organs in order to receive those of the opposite sex. This paper offers a preliminary challenge to the confidence such patients express as they await their surgical transformation. Consultation contracts with one male and one female transsexual were established with the goal of helping them understand their motivation for demanding surgery, and of providing them with greater freedom in which to confirm or reject their plans. The dreams of these patients from the period during which each awaited plastic surgery are reported. While the patients expressed an obsessive determination to be relieved of their unwelcome sex organs, both exhibited in the manifest contents of their dreams considerable alternation between the natural and chosen sex. Their associations to these dreams were put to use in not only giving them to understand that they had conflicts about the proposed surgery but also by awakening their curiosity about their illness, transsexualism itself. The appearance of the underlying confusion exemplifies something of the heavy responsibility with which medical personnel are faced when consulted about this kind of irreversible surgery.
Comparison of the in vitro and in vivo tarnish of three gold alloys

Numerous laboratory studies have been conducted in an effort to determine the susceptibility of dental alloys to tarnish and corrosion.1–8 These investigations have embodied a variety of storage media, storage times and the influence of variables such as the presence of dissimilar metals. However, there is little in vivo data to establish the validity of the various in vitro tests with respect to their efficacy in predicting the susceptibility of the respective alloys to tarnish in the oral environment. It was the purpose of this research to compare the tarnish of three gold alloys as assessed by an in vitro test with the in vivo tarnish of the same alloys.
The effect of cavitating ultrasound on the heterogeneous aqueous hydrogenation of 3-buten-2-ol on Pd-black

Abstract The effect of ultrasound at 20 kHz on the heterogeneous aqueous hydrogenation of 3-buten-2-ol employing a Pd-black catalyst has been studied isothermally at 295 K, forming 2-butanone and 2-butanol products. Our work here shows that adding 1-pentanol as an inert dopant had the effect of inducing cavitation in the ultrasound-treated reaction where it otherwise would not occur. The selectivity showed a 700% increase toward 2-butanol formation and the activity enhanced a factor of 10.8 compared to the noncavitating high-power ultrasound experiment. This study demonstrates that “inert dopants” may have use as synthetic tools in sonocatalysis.
Culture and Cultural Worldviews: Do Verbal Descriptions about Culture Reflect Anything Other Than Verbal Descriptions of Culture?

In this paper I delineate the difference between cultural worldviews, cultural practices and actual behaviors, and suggest that verbal descriptions and narratives that are used to extract cultural ...
Mass transfer in laminar falling liquid films with accompanying heat transfer and interfacial shear

Abstract An analysis is made of mass transfer into a laminar finite falling film with accompanying heat transfer and interfacial shear. The analysis is extended to include chemical reaction with linear reaction kinetics. Variations of the liquid physical properties and kinetic rate constants with temperature are explicitly taken into account. Results are compared with the isothermal zero interfacial shear case. Average isothermal and nonisothermal enhancement factors are presented for first- and zero-order reactions. The analysis shows that the heat transfer and gas shear can have a profound influence on the mass transfer rate.
Photophysical Characterization of Free-Base N-Confused Tetraphenylporphyrins

We report the photophysical characterization of the two tautomers (1e and 1i) of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl N-confused free-base porphyrin, potential building blocks in assemblies designed for artificial photosynthesis, using a combination of steady state and time-resolved techniques. Tautomer 1e was found to have a significantly higher quantum yield of fluorescence than tautomer 1i (ΦFl = 0.036 vs ΦFl = 0.0016, respectively), despite the fact the fluorescence lifetimes were quite similar (i.e., 1.98 ns vs 1.60 ns, respectively). These differences were attributed to a more rapid rate of internal conversion or intersystem crossing in 1i due to steric conditions in the interior of the macrocycle. The absorption spectra of these porphyrins were also examined using the results from B3LYP/6-31G(d)//B3LYP/3-21G(d) calculations and interpreted using the four electron four orbital model.
Mutant of Staphylococcus aureus with Lincomycin- and Carbomycin-Inducible Resistance to Erythromycin

A mutant of Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in which lincomycin and carbomycin (but not erythromycin) induced resistance to erythromycin. This pattern displayed a reversal of the usual specificity of induction seen in the erythromycin-inducible parent strain from which the mutant was selected.
Retrograde degeneration of primary optic fibers in the cat.

Abstract Unilateral electrolytic lesions were placed in the optic tract of adult cats, midway between the optic chiasm and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, or in the terminal portions of the tract. Transection of one optic nerve was performed in other cases. The animals were maintained postoperatively for 2–21 days. A few cats with long-standing optic-nerve incision were also available. The brain and nerve sections were processed with three current silver methods for the study of axonal disintegration in the primary optic pathways distal (retinal) to the lesions. In all cases retrogression could be seen in those parts of the optic tract or nerve near the lesions (traumatic degeneration). The amount and extent of decomposition distally from the lesion site was related to the length of the postoperative survival and to the proximity of the lesion to the retina. These findings favor an interpretation involving retrograde deterioration of afferent (centripetal or retinofugal) optic fibers, and fail to confirm the often suggested existence of efferent (centrifugal or retinopetal) fibers in the cat.