cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Humanistic and Economic Burden Associated with Anxiety and Depression among Adults with Comorbid Diabetes and Hypertension

We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study to estimate the humanistic and economic burden associated with depression and anxiety among adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension. Pooled data from the 2013 and 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used to include adults (≥18 years old) who were alive and diagnosed with both diabetes and hypertension during the observation period. We assessed the humanistic burden with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and economic burden with the total annual healthcare expenditures. Depending on the presence/absence of depression and anxiety, the study sample was divided into four groups (i.e., no depression/anxiety, depression only, anxiety only, and depression and anxiety). Multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between the depression/anxiety categories and disease burden measures. The incremental burden associated with depression and/or anxiety was estimated with the counterfactual recycled prediction. Of the 4560 adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension, 13.2% reported depression only, 8.7% reported anxiety only, and 7.7% reported both. Results from adjusted analyses indicated that the presence/absence of depression and anxiety was associated with significantly poorer HRQoL, especially on the mental component. Having either depression or anxiety corresponded to reduced mental component summary scores by more than four points. The reduction was as high as 10.35 points when both conditions occurred. Comparing to adults without depression or anxiety, the per-capital incremental annual healthcare expenditures were $4607 for the depression group, $2481 for the anxiety group, and $8709 for adults with both conditions. Furthermore, adults with depression and anxiety were 58% more likely to spend at least 10% of annual household income on healthcare as compared to those with neither the conditions. Our results highlight the needs for integrating cost-effective mental health services into diabetes management to improve the HRQoL and reduce healthcare costs for adults with comorbid diabetes and hypertension.
The Tomb Womb

Shakespearean tragedy offers a theatricalized inversion of the leaky humoral body by presenting unspoiled female cadavers. Instead of highlighting the superfluous, involuntary bloodshed of the womb, these death scenes sanitize the female corpse, cultivating a more classical embodiment. Posthumously producing the female body on stage often serves no plot purpose, which extends the erotic spectacle by subjecting her to blazon poetry in male-authored language. By figuratively dissecting the female corpse, the audience engages in an egotistical exploration of the female body beyond what is visible. As the poetic device moves from abstract to carnal, the characters on stage are exposed to the audience’s gaze, which ultimately culminates in a critique of the male blazoner attempting to garner rhetorical control over the female corpse.
An Internet-Inspired Proportional Fair EV Charging Control Method

Transportation systems are undergoing a major transition with the integration of electric vehicles (EVs). However, due to increase in battery energy and charger power ratings, potential adverse effects on the distribution grid is a crucial issue to be addressed. Large voltage drops at charging nodes will deteriorate the quality of power service and cause unfair utilization of grid capacity among EV users. Safe and efficient operation of the grid along with a fast, convenient, and fair charging strategy is an important research problem. In this paper, we adapt the additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) algorithm used in the Internet congestion control to EV charging using only local node measurements. We analyze the relationship between distance and grid voltage, and show how to extract this information from local measurements. Then, we present a detailed analysis to understand the relationship between distance and charging power in a distribution network to better address the fairness in the proposed AIMD EV charging algorithm. Results show that localized information at charging node voltages include important signature information on grid congestion and can be used to implement AIMD control for EV charging.
What we don’t know and what the future holds

Abstract This final chapter will seek to answer some of the pressing questions in the field of photobiomodulation (PBM) for brain disorders, and also focuses on what the future holds. The pertinent questions are: What are the best diseases and conditions to be treated? How important is penetration to the brain? What about systemic effects? What is best way to deliver light? How important is pulsing? How important is the location on the head? How important is the biphasic dose response? What about cognitive enhancement and preconditioning? How does PBM compare with other noninvasive brain stimulation devices? Could an invasive approach be considered?
A highly active and Cr-resistant infiltrated cathode for practical solid oxide fuel cells

A critical obstacle to the commercialization of modern solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) loaded with metallic interconnects is the unacceptable degradation rate resulting from Cr (an element richly present in metallic interconnects) volatilization and its subsequent reaction with the cathode, forming insulating SrCrO4 that blocks oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites. Here we report a Cr-tolerant, yet ORR-active, cathode for sustainable operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The new resilient cathode consists of a continuous, nanoscaled, ORR-active SrCo0.9Ta0.1O3−δ (SCT) as the capping layer and a commercial (La0.6Sr0.4)0.95Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF)–Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (GDC) composite as the underlying skeleton. Stability testing in a high-Cr-content environment shows that the cathode has a remarkable resistance to Cr-attack while retaining superior ORR activity. A successful implantation of this bilayer cathode into practical SOFC stacks will advance the commercialization of SOFC technology.
Structural Insights into STING Signaling

Since its discovery 12 years ago, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has attracted the intense focus of top cell biologists, biochemists, and structural biologists, due to its unique activation mechanisms and broad implications in cancer, aging, and autoimmunity. The STING pathway is an essential innate immune signaling cascade responsible for the sensing of aberrant cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), which is a hallmark of cancer and viral infection. Erroneous STING activation can exacerbate many autoimmune and inflammatory syndromes. Therefore, it is remarkable how rapidly, effectively, and specifically the STING pathway responds to a myriad of threats while generally maintaining immune homeostasis. Here we review high-impact structural work that collectively paints a picture of STING signaling with atomic resolution. The elegant molecular mechanisms not only give clues to how STING has evolved to distinguish between self and foreign, but they also enable development of novel therapeutics to treat STING-related diseases.
MRI Texture Features are Associated with Vestibular Schwannoma Histology

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To determine if commonly used radiomics features have an association with histological findings in vestibular schwannomas (VS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case-series. METHODS Patients were selected from an internal database of those who had a gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI scan captured prior to surgical resection of VS. Texture features from the presurgical magnetic resonance image (MRI) were extracted, and pathologists examined the resected tumors to assess for the presence of mucin, lymphocytes, necrosis, and hemosiderin and used a validated computational tool to determine cellularity. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratios were also computed for selected features using the Youden index to determine the optimal cut-off value. RESULTS A total of 45 patients were included. We found significant associations between multiple MRI texture features and the presence of mucin, lymphocytes, hemosiderin, and cellularity. No significant associations between MRI texture features and necrosis were identified. We were able to identify significant positive likelihood ratios using Youden index cut-off values for mucin (2.3; 95% CI 1.2-4.3), hemosiderin (1.5; 95% CI 1.04-2.1), lymphocytes (3.8; 95% CI 1.2-11.7), and necrosis (1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.2). CONCLUSIONS MRI texture features are associated with underlying histology in VS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2000-E2006, 2021.
CLAH Lecture: Learning and Teaching

The following speech was written in acceptance of the Distinguished Service Award of the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH) for 2020, would have been delivered at the January 2021 meeting of the American Historical Association/CLAH, were it not for the coronavirus pandemic. I share this award with the majority of the members of CLAH: the scholar-teachers of Latin American history who dedicate most of their professional time and energy to teaching undergraduates across North America. Harking back to Herbert Bolton's project for a hemispheric history, incidents and anecdotes from my own experience learning and teaching about Latin America serve to illustrate that reducing provincialism, chauvinism, and ethnocentrism among North American undergraduates are still valid objectives.
Drug-resistant high grade glioma-related epilepsy surgery for focal motor status epilepticus localized by CT-PET imaging

Abstract Tumor-related epilepsy is a frequent complication of glioblastoma with seizures often representing the first manifestation of the malignancy. Though tumor resection is associated with improved seizure control, extensive surgery is not always feasible if eloquent cortex is involved in seizure generation and early propagation. We describe a case of a patient with glioblastoma with drug-resistant focal status epilepticus where fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging was successfully used to localize the seizure-onset and optimize tumor resection. This led to successful resection of hypermetabolic tumor tissue and resolution of focal status epilepticus without damage to eloquent cortex.
Temporal Vestibular Deficits in synaptojanin 1 ( synj1) Mutants

The lipid phosphatase synaptojanin 1 (synj1) is required for the disassembly of clathrin coats on endocytic compartments. In neurons such activity is necessary for the recycling of endocytosed membrane into synaptic vesicles. Mutations in zebrafish synj1 have been shown to disrupt the activity of ribbon synapses in sensory hair cells. After prolonged mechanical stimulation of hair cells, both phase locking of afferent nerve activity and the recovery of spontaneous release of synaptic vesicles are diminished in synj1 mutants. Presumably as a behavioral consequence of these synaptic deficits, synj1 mutants are unable to maintain an upright posture. To probe vestibular function with respect to postural control in synj1 mutants, we developed a method for assessing the vestibulospinal reflex (VSR) in larvae. We elicited the VSR by rotating the head and recorded tail movements. As expected, the VSR is completely absent in pcdh15a and lhfpl5a mutants that lack inner ear function. Conversely, lhfpl5b mutants, which have a selective loss of function of the lateral line organ, have normal VSRs, suggesting that the hair cells of this organ do not contribute to this reflex. In contrast to mechanotransduction mutants, the synj1 mutant produces normal tail movements during the initial cycles of rotation of the head. Both the amplitude and temporal aspects of the response are unchanged. However, after several rotations, the VSR in synj1 mutants was strongly diminished or absent. Mutant synj1 larvae are able to recover, but the time required for the reappearance of the VSR after prolonged stimulation is dramatically increased in synj1 mutants. Collectively, the data demonstrate a behavioral correlate of the synaptic defects caused by the loss of synj1 function. Our results suggest that defects in synaptic vesicle recycling give rise to fatigue of ribbons synapses and possibly other synapses of the VS circuit, leading to the loss of postural control.
Fig Leaves, Fairy Tales, and Constitutional Foundations: Debating Judicial Review in Britain

This paper examines an ongoing debate about the origins and legitimacy of judicial review as practiced in Britain. I begin by examining how British law traditionally has attempted to justify judicial review of governmental actions. I then discuss how that orthodox view has been challenged, and how the proponents of the orthodoxy responded to that challenge. In doing so, I explain how the British debate has evolved into a far-reaching examination of the role of interpretive methodologies in legitimating judicial power. I conclude by exploring how the richness and depth of the British discussion can inform the larger debate about the role of judicial power, and our efforts to explain and contain that power, in the United States.
Passive Engine Mounts-Some Directions for Further Development

A car engine suspension system has to comply with numerous constraints, sometimes controversial, thus making engine mounts design and optimization an extremely difficult task. Active mounts, although having important advantages, are still more expensive and less reliable. The paper shows that there is substantial room for improvements in passive engine mounts, if some concepts proven in vibration isolators for other applications are utilized. These concepts include: use of specific non-linear characteristics to obtain constant natural frequency in a broad weight-load range as well as to make captive variable stiffness mounts; use of materials with high internal damping as well as materials with highly amplitude-dependent damping and stiffness; use of mounts combining two resilient elements with intermediate mass or spring-connected damper; and utilizing benefits of small-size mounts.
Isospora bellicosa sp. n. (Apicomplexa) from a Peruvian Red-Breasted Meadowlark, Sturnella bellicosa (Passeriformes: Icteridae)

Summary: A new species of coccidian is reported from the Peruvian red-breasted meadowlark, Sturnella bellicosa (Passeriformes: Icteridae) housed at the National Aquarium in Baltimore, Maryland. Oocysts of Isospora bellicosa Spa n. are ellipsoidal, ovoid, or oblong, 29.4×23.5 (26.4-31.6×21.0-26.4) µn with a shape index (length/width) of 1.25 (1.09-1.41). A micropyle is absent but a polar granule is present; a small oocyst residuum is found in about 1/3 of the oocysts. The sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 17.8×10.7 (16.8-18.6×10.2-11.2) urn, possess Stieda and substieda bodies, and have a shape index of 1.67 (1.52-1.77). The sporocyst residuum is diffuse and consists of numerous small granules. Sporozoites each possess 3 refractile bodies.
The effect of postprostatectomy external beam radiotherapy on quality of life: results from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor.

BACKGROUND. Postprostatectomy salvage radiotherapy may improve prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival, but little is known about its effect on quality of life. METHODS. From the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE) data base, 1289 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy (RP) without neoadjuvant or adjuvant hormone therapy completed validated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires. Of these, 69 patients also received salvage radiotherapy at a median of 14 months after RP. The University of California–Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index and the 36-item short form SF-36 questionnaire were used to compare HRQOL 12 to 18 months after external beam radiotherapy or 26 to 32 months after RP alone. Those responses also were compared with HRQOL responses from 55 men with data prior to and 12 to 18 months after primary radiotherapy. Multivariate regression identified differences between treatment groups. RESULTS. Men who underwent salvage radiotherapy were younger (P = .03) and had lower incomes (P = .01) than men who underwent RP alone; they also were younger than men who underwent primary radiotherapy (P < .01). In addition, men who received salvage radiotherapy were more likely than men who underwent RP alone to have clinically high-risk prostate cancer (P < .01). Multivariate analyses revealed that men who received salvage radiotherapy experienced more marked decrements in sexual function (P = .01) and bowel function (P = .03) than men who underwent RP alone. Salvage radiotherapy led to less impairment of sexual function (P < .01) and less sexual bother (P = .04) than primary radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS. Although salvage radiotherapy is associated with unclear survival benefits, it adversely affects sexual and bowel function. Until randomized clinical trials demonstrate disease-specific survival benefits for salvage radiotherapy, the HRQOL detriments of additional therapy must be weighed against improved PSA progression-free survival. Cancer 2006;. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy of graphene/polymer hybrid thin films as supercapacitors: Physical-chemical interfacial processes

Hybrid electrode comprising an electric double-layer capacitor of graphene nanosheets and a pseudocapacitor of the electrically conducting polymers namely, polyaniline; PAni and polypyrrole; PPy are constructed that exhibited synergistic effect with excellent electrochemical performance as thin film supercapacitors for alternative energy. The hybrid supercapacitors were prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly based on controlled electrochemical polymerization followed by reduction of graphene oxide electrochemically producing ErGO, for establishing intimate electronic contact through nanoscale architecture and chemical stability, producing a single bilayer of (PAni/ErGO)1, (PPy/ErGO)1, (PAni/GO)1 and (PPy/GO)1. The rationale design is to create thin films that possess interconnected graphene nanosheets (GNS) with polymer nanostructures forming well-defined tailored interfaces allowing sufficient surface adsorption and faster ion transport due to short diffusion distances. We investigated their electrochemical properties and performance in terms of gravimetric specific capacitance, Cs, from cyclic voltammograms. The LbL-assembled bilayer films exhibited an excellent Cs of ≥350 F g−1 as compared with constituents (∼70 F g−1) at discharge current density of 0.3 A g−1 that outperformed many other hybrid supercapacitors. To gain deeper insights into the physical-chemical interfacial processes occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface that govern their operation, we have used scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique in feedback and probe approach modes. We present our findings from viewpoint of reinforcing the role played by heterogeneous electrode surface composed of nanoscale graphene sheets (conducting) and conducting polymers (semiconducting) backbone with ordered polymer chains via higher/lower probe current distribution maps. Also targeted is SECM imaging that allowed to determine electrochemical (re)activity of surface ion adsorption sites density at solid/liquid interface.
Allometric scaling of mammalian blood pressure: A comment on White and Seymour (2014)

White and Seymour examined the scaling of central arterial blood pressure against body mass in mammals ranging in size from a 30 g mouse to a 4080 kg elephant. Exponents in power functions fitted to each of three datasets (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) were reported to be significantly greater than zero and indistinguishable from 0.33. The first of these outcomes would indicate that blood pressure increases with body size, whereas the second is consistent with the heart working against gravity to move blood to the head. Taken together, these results seemingly refute the notion that the cephalic circulation functions as an energy-neutral siphon. However, the main findings by White and Seymour were presented in the form of graphs that distorted the relationships between the variables of interest. I use simple graphics to show that the data were unsuited from the outset for use in allometric analyses and that conclusions of the investigation are not well supported.
Defect Detection of Flip Chip Solder Bumps Through Local Temporal Coherence Analysis of Laser Ultrasound Signals

Microelectronics packaging technology has evolved from through-hole and bulk configuration to surface-mount and small-profile ones. In surface mount packaging, such as flip chips, chip scale packages (CSP), and ball grid arrays (BGA), chips/packages are attached to the substrates or printed wiring boards (PWB) using solder bump interconnections. Solder bumps, which are hidden between the device and the substrate/board, are no longer visible for inspection. A novel solder bump inspection system has been developed using laser ultrasound and interferometric techniques. This system has been successfully applied to detect solder bump defects including missing, misaligned, open, and cracked solder bumps in flip chips, and chip scale packages. This system uses a pulsed Nd:YAG laser to induce ultrasound in the thermoelastic regime and the transient out-of-plane displacement response on the device surface is measured using the interferometric technique. In this paper, local temporal coherence (LTC) analysis of laser ultrasound signals is presented and compared to previous signal processing methods, including Error Ratio and Correlation Coefficient. The results show that local temporal coherence analysis increases measurement sensitivity for inspecting solder bumps in packaged electronic devices. Laser ultrasound inspection results are also compared with X-ray and C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (CSAM) results. In particular, this paper discusses defect detection for a 6.35mm×6.35mm×0.6mm PB18 flip chip and a flip chip (SiMAF) with 24 lead-free solder bumps. These two flip chip specimens are both non-underfilled.© 2007 ASME
LSD Analogs: N-Methyl-N-p-(and m-) methoxyphenyl-β-alanine Derivatives

Patterned after a fragment of the LSD molecule, the ethyl esters, simple amides, and N , N -diethylamides of N -methyl- N - p -(and m -)methoxyphenyl- β -alanine were prepared for evaluation as psychotomimetics. Of five compounds tested, three exhibited some degree of antiserotonin activity in the isolated rat fundus preparation. One of these three appeared also to be anticholinergic.
Falsifizierbarkeit oder Falsifikation

Es wird auf einige Misverstandnisse in B. Juhos' Interpretation der Popperschen Ansichten zum Falsifikationsproblem verwiesen und betont, das B. Juhos' Hauptthese der Symmetrie von Verifikation und Falsifikation, woraus auf die Berechtigung verifikationistischer Forschungspraktiken geschlossen wird, auf einer Verwechslung von Falsifizierbarkeit und Falsifikation beruht.
Effects of Alcoholism on Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics in Man

As a nonspecific measure of increased metabolic clearance, the kinetics of acetaminophen was studied in a group of nondrinking controls and alcoholics who had ceased drinking within the previous 48 hours. After a single 1-Gm dose of acetaminophen, blood levels showed a significant increase in nondrinking controls over the alcoholics. The area under the curve for the alcoholics was smaller than that for the controls. Further studies are indicated to determine the quantities of the various metabolites of acetaminophen in both groups.
Effect on radiation trapping on measured excited-state lifetimes in solids

A refractive index matched experimental setup that largely eliminates the effects of radiation trapping on measured excited-state lifetimes in high refractive index solids is presented. An index-matched glass sphere was used to measure the room-temperature lifetimes of {sup 2}F{sub 5/2} in YAG:l%Yb{sup 3+} and {sup 4}I{sub 1/2} in YLF:5%Er{sup 3+}, yielding the record low values of 948.9{plus_minus}0.6 {mu}s and 3.85{plus_minus}0.01 ms, respectively. It is concluded that lifetimes from non index-matched experiments are most likely to be significantly over estimated in high refractive-index solids for excited states with a large radiative component to the ground-state multiplet and a high reabsorption cross section. The presented technique is easily applicable to room-temperature excited-state lifetime measurements of many luminescent solids.
The EPR spectrum of an electron-excess center in Fe(CO)2(NO)2 single crystals

Abstract The EPR spectrum of a center trapped in γ-irradiated single crystals of Fe(CO) 2 (NO) 2 is described and assigned to Fe(CO) 2 (NO) 2 −1 . Its analysis indicates that the radical is nonplanar (symmetry C 2 v ) and that the unpaired electron is largely confined to the nitrosyl ligands.
Helping ‘Difficult’ Patients

Psychotherapy research has advanced considerably since its beginnings in the 1950s, yet it still has limited impact on ‘difficult’ populations. My program of research addresses this area through 2 main topics: improving therapist, and psychotherapy for substance abuse. Key studies in these areas and their development over time are described, with particular emphasis on a new psychotherapy manual I have developed, Seeking Safety, for the dual diagnosis of substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. Finally, several themes across the projects are identified, including combining humanistic content with scientific methods; emphasizing practical solutions; creating depth in psychotherapy; promoting patient needs over professional self-interest; and listening to therapists.
Observation of systematic electrochemically induced binding energy shift in the XPS spectra of emersed Cs+ double layer species

X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained from Au electrodes potentiostatically emersed from aqueous Cs2SO4 electrolyte revealed a systematic shift in observed Cs core level binding energy with electrochemically imposed potential. The shift arises due to the presence of the electric double layer containing Cs+ and H2O at the electrode surface which is stable to removal from the electrochemical environment, air transfer, and UHV conditions. The electrochemical potential imposed during potentiostatic emersion of these electrodes is preserved and produces a shift in Cs 3d52 binding energy of about one volt commensurate with imposed change in emersion potential in an approximately 1:1 ratio. Similar binding energy shift behavior was observed in the C 1s and 0 1s spectra for these electrode emersions. No systematic shift was observed in the Au substrate spectra. Some experimental data and results are presented and discussed, and the phenomenon of electrochemically induced binding energy shift is introduced.
A high performance pseudocapacitive suspension electrode for the electrochemical flow capacitor

Abstract The electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) is a new technology for grid energy storage that is based on the fundamental principles of supercapacitors. The EFC benefits from the advantages of both supercapacitors and flow batteries in that it is capable of rapid charging/discharging, has a long cycle lifetime, and enables energy storage and power to be decoupled and optimized for the desired application. The unique aspect of the EFC is that it utilizes a flowable carbon-electrolyte suspension (slurry) for capacitive energy storage. Similar to traditional supercapacitor electrodes, this aqueous slurry is limited in terms of energy density, when compared to batteries. To address this limitation, in this study a pseudocapacitive additive has been explored to increase capacitance. A carbon-electrolyte slurry prepared with p-phenylenediamine (PPD), a redox mediator, shows an increased capacitance on the order of 86% when compared with KOH electrolytes, and a 130% increase when compared to previously reported neutral electrolyte based slurries. The redox-mediated slurry also appears to benefit from a decrease in ohmic resistance with increasing concentrations of PPD, most likely a result of an increase in the ionic diffusion coefficient. Among the tested slurries, a concentration of 0.139 M of PPD in 2 M KOH electrolyte yields the largest capacitance and rate handling performance in both cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling experiments. The improved performance is attributed to the addition of quick faradaic reactions at the electrolyte-electrode interface as PPD undergoes a two-proton/two-electron reduction and oxidation reaction during cycling.
The blood calcium response of the chicken to parathyroid extracts.

THE (PTH) on blood calcium of birds are inconsistent and inadequate. A few investigators have reported that these extracts increased blood calcium in the pigeon (1), and in the laying hen (2, 3), but an even larger number have reported negative results: i.e.; chickens (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9); ducks (10). Yet certain findings suggest that the bird, particularly the chicken, does respond to PTH injections. The case of the laying hen with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism that responded to PTH treatment (11) is not to be overlooked. More important, Polin and Sturkie (13) observed a remission of symptoms in parathyroidectomized chickens injected with PTH, but the effects of the injection persisted for only 8-10 hours. This prompted further investigation into the problem of the PTH effect on blood calcium of the chicken.
Fine structure of nigral and pallidal afferents in the thalamus: an EM autoradiography study in the cat.

Ultrastructural characteristics and distribution of nigral and pallidal axon terminals on thalamic neurons were studied after injections of tritiated leucine into substantia nigra and entopeduncular nucleus respectively. Adult cats received 0.1–0.2-μl injections of 2, 3, 4, 5, 3H-leucine in a concentration 60 μCi/μl and were allowed to survive for 4–5 days. The brain tissue was processed for electron (EM) and light microscopic (LM) autoradiography. EM samples were obtained from the ventral medial and ventral anterior thalamic nuclei. Ultrastructural features of labelled nigral and pallidal boutons were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Ultrastructural characteristics of nigral and pallidal boutons appeared similar. Their length along postsynaptic membrane ranged from 0.8 to 10 μm, with average length of apposition around 2 μm. Both types of bouton contained small clear vesicles of extremely variable shape and formed symmetrical type contacts. Mean diameter of synaptic vesicles profiles (n = 500) was 32.5 nm and 33.3 nm in nigral and pallidal terminal respectively, and mean vesicle profile areas were 846 nm2 in nigral terminals and 878m2 in pallidal. Both parameters showed normal distribution in percentage distribution histograms. The mean ratios of longest and shortest diameters was 1.6 for synaptic vesicles in both types of boutons. Thus, no significant differences in morphological parameters of nigral and pallidal axon terminals were discovered except that pallidal afferents often formed “en passant”-type synapses while nigral did not. However, this feature alone is not sufficient for distinction between the two types of termi-nals in unlabelled tissue. Analysis of distribution of synaptic sites showed that only pallidal bou-tons formed axosomatic synapses on thalamocortical projection neurons (TCPN), which comprised 21% of total number of pallidal terminals studied. On primary dendritic trunks of TCPN the proportion of nigral boutons was larger (28.8%) as compared to pallidal (19%). The percentage of both types of bouton contacting secondary TCPN dendrites was similar (36% pallidal, 30.6% nigral), while the proportion of nigral terminals on tertiary TCPN den-drites was larger (23.6% versus 13%). Both afferents revealed a tendency to synapse preferentially at the branching points of TCPN dendrites with sev-eral boutons often found along the perimeter of the branching site. Small but equal proportions (8%) of both types of axon terminal were found to synapse on vesicle-containing dendrites of local circuit neurons. Nigral boutons were also found in complex synaptic arrangements in glomeruli. It is concluded that the organizations of pallidal and nigral afferent in-puts in the thalamus are rather similar. Both occupy strategic positions which would allow them to exert strong influence on the firing pattern of TCPN.
Magnetic and transport properties of monocrystallineFe 3 O 4

A monocrystal ofFe 3 O 4 is characterized by resistance, magnetoresistance and magnetic measurements in a temperature range from 4.2 K to 350 K and magnetic field-cycling from −9 T to 9 T. The resistance measurements revealed a metal-insulator Verwey transition (VT) atT v =123.76 K with activation energy E=92.5 meV at T >T v and temperature-substitute for the activation energy below the VT,T 0=E/k B ≈3800 K within 70 K–110K. The magnetotransport results independently verified the VT at 123.70 K, with discontinuous change in the magnetic moment ΔM≈0.21 ΔM≈0.21μ B and resistance hysteresis, dependent on the magnetic field in a narrow temperature range of 0.4° around theT v . The magnetic characterization established self consistentlyT v as ≈123.67 K, the jump in the magnetization at the VT≈0.25μ B and confirmed, that the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is the main microscopic mechanism responsible for the magnetization of the monocrystal (88%) with additional natural and imposed defects contributing as 12%.
The relationship of the Hill reaction to photosynthesis: studies with fluoride-poisoned blue-green algae.

Abstract Fluoride has been shown to inhibit photosynthesis and the quinone Hill reaction when added to cell suspensions of the blue-green alga Plectonema boryanum. The effectiveness of fluoride increases with decreasing pH. The inhibition of the Hill reaction commences at a fluoride concentration which inhibits photosynthesis strongly. At this threshhold concentration of fluoride (about 0.003 m KF at pH 5.2), the Hill reaction becomes dependent on CO2 i.e., the Hill reaction can be almost completely inhibited by removing CO2, and readily reactivated by adding CO2 at low tensions (0.05% CO2 gives 50% reactivation). If the fluoride concentration is increased a little more (to about 0.006 m at pH 5.2) the quinone Hill reaction develops a requirement for chloride as well as for CO2. There is no chloride requirement for the Hill reaction with intact cells tested in the absence of fluoride, but fluoride acts as an apparent antagonist for chloride, so that intact algae supplemented with fluoride show a chloride requirement for the quinone Hill reaction. Nitrate and bromide can substitute for chloride to some extent, just as in the case of the well-known chloride requirement of the Hill reactions obtained with isolated green grana.
Small RNA expression from the human macrosatellite DXZ4

Small noncoding RNAs play several roles in regulating gene expression. In the nucleus, small RNA-Argonaute complexes recruit epigenetic modifying activities to genomic sites. This pathway has been described in mammals primarily for the germline; however, its role in somatic cells is less characterized. Here, we describe in human somatic cells a potential link between the expression of small RNAs from the macrosatellite DXZ4 and Argonaute-dependent DNA methylation of this locus. DXZ4 was found to express a wide range of small RNAs potentially representing several classes of small RNAs. A subpopulation of these RNAs is bound by Argonaute. Moreover, we show AGO association with DXZ4 and that the Argonaute proteins AGO-1 and PIWIL4 may play a role in DNA methylation of DXZ4. We hypothesize that the RNAs are involved in Argonaute-dependent methylation of DXZ4 DNA.
Diel planulation by the brooding coral Favia fragum (Esper, 1797)

Numerous studies addressing annual timing of planulation in scleractinians document a tightly synchronized process that coincides with lunar periodicity. In contrast, diel variation has received little attention, yet it may have important implications for post-metamorphic success. In summer 2006 and 2007, nightly release of planulae by Favia fragum was examined in Bermuda. Planulation occurred throughout the night with a significant peak between 04:00 hrs and 06:00 hrs. The effects of larval release time on settlement behavior, metamorphic success, in situ growth and mortality were also analyzed between larvae released from 22:00 hrs to 00:00 hrs (post-sunset) and 04:00 hrs to 06:00 hrs (pre-dawn) in July of 2007. The percentage of planulae observed testing the substrate for settlement at 4-hr intervals over 48 hrs post-release was significantly higher for those released pre-dawn than those released post-sunset. Additionally, percent metamorphic success after 48 hrs of exposure to a settlement tile was significantly higher for planulae released pre-dawn. Growth rates for pre-dawn planulae over 40 days post-release were initially significantly higher than post-sunset released planulae; however, this difference did not persist over time. Planulation near dawn and the resulting benefits are hypothesized to be a consequence of immediate exposure to light, which may provide increased energy from photoautotrophic symbionts, and also serves as a settlement cue inducing rapid settlement thereby aiding in predator avoidance and natal retention.
Determination of Metals in Crude Oil by Atomic Spectroscopy

Abstract Following an introduction to the origin and concentration of metals in crude oils, a brief overview of the major atomic spectroscopic methods, i.e., inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry, and flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and an overview of sample preparation/sample introduction are presented. Results are presented of a number of studies with V and Ni being the most widely determined metals in crude oil.
Simulations of the 100 kW TJNAF FEL using a short Rayleigh length

The TJNAF FEL can be upgraded to operate at 100 kW average power and then explore the use of a short Rayleigh length in order to reduce the power density on the resonator mirrors. The short Rayleigh length can only work with a relatively short undulator. Multimode simulations are used to self-consistently model the optical mode interaction with the electron beam. The steady-state resonator mode is affected by the complex, non-linear electron beam evolution as well as the resonator design.
e-e- SWITCHOVER IN THE NLC LINAC

This paper discusses various options for reconfiguring magnets and power sources to convert the NLC to e-e- operation. Operational practicality of various scenarios and likely cost impacts lead to a conclusion that potential e-e- options must be planned into the initial engineering design.
Multi-Dimensional Homoclinic Jumping and the Discretized NLS Equation

We consider a class of dynamical systems that arise frequently in multi-mode truncations and discretizations of partial differential equations, including the perturbed NLS. We develop a general method to detect the existence of multi-pulse solutions that are doubly asymptotic to an invariant manifold with two different time scales. We use our method together with some recent results of Li and McLaughlin to show the existence of several families of multi-pulse orbits for the Ablowitz-Ladik discretization of the perturbed NLS. These orbits include N-pulse heteroclinic orbits and N-pulse Silnikov-type orbits for arbitrarily large N.
Effect of Ag doping on structure andcritical temperature of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ superconductors

Abstract The effects of Ag substitution for Bi, Sr and Cu on the c -axis lattice parameter and critical temperature ( T c ) were determined for the Bi 2− x Sr 2− y CaCu 2− z O 8+ δ (BSCCO-2212) superconducting phase. Two distinct regimes of behavior were observed: fast cooling represented the regime where the uptake of excess oxygen was the controlling factor and slow cooling represented the regime where the cation content was the controlling factor on the structure and properties. Samples showed higher T c values and longer c -axes with increased cooling rate. A linear increase in T c with increase in c -axis length was observed for the faster-cooled samples. For the slow-cooled samples, increased c -axis length was observed when Ag was substituted for Bi and Sr, whereas substituting Ag for Cu caused no change in c -axis length. In addition, any deviation from the ideal 2212 stoichiometry was shown to reduce the T c values of samples that were slowly cooled and fully oxygenated. Preliminary results obtained by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy indicated that relatively small amounts of Ag (≈1 at.%) can occupy Bi sites and a larger amount (≈10 at.%) of Ag can substitute for Cu.
Categorical Measurement Semantics: A New Second Space for Geography

Commonly used categorically or nominally measured data often portray each category as separate from other categories with no inherent ordering. Contrary to this portrayal and the perception that categorical data offer limited analytical capabilities, we examine the philosophical, cognitive, and practical basis for re-thinking categorical measurements in terms of a second conceptual space for mapping out categorical semantics. The article presents a perspective that an inherent ordering of categories can be described through this space that provides a transformation into a numerical measurement domain. The article provides several examples of how geographic information analysis can benefit from adding this second conceptual space to the geographic data, together with a discussion of potential applications.
Deformation twinning of Cu3Au

Abstract This research was conducted to study the effect of ordering on the twinning modes of Cu3Au. The ordering changes the twinning process in two ways, viz by imposing crystallographic restrictions and by changing the stacking fault energy. Cu3Au single crystals with various degrees of order and oriented along ~〈111〉 were deformed in tension at 78 and 298 K. Single crystals with various degrees of order were also deformed at 298 K under plane-strain compression, with a (110) compression plane and a [110] flow direction. Disordered and partially ordered crystals were found to twin by the mode described by K1 = (111), K 2 = (11 1 ) , η 1 = [11 2 ] , η2 = [112] and s = 0.707. The shear stress required for this mode increases with the order. Completely ordered crystals were believed to twin by the mode described by K1 = (111), K2 = (001), η 1 = [ 1 1 2] , η2 = [110] and s = 1.414. The twinning stress required was comparatively low because ordering lowered the stacking fault energy and did not impose any crystallographic restrictions for this mode.
Synthesis of Ti3SiC2SiC and TiSi2SiC composites using displacement reactions in the TiSiC system

This paper reports on efforts to synthesize composites in the Ti-Si-C system. Selection of the composite system(s) was based on the Ti-Si-C ternary equilibrium-phase diagram. However, interest in the Ti-Si-C system was motivated by recent reports of not-so-brittle behavior of the complex ternary phase Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}. Apparently, Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} is a soft ceramic compound, like BN or graphite in its behavior. It has a layered crystal structure (D{sub oh}{sup 4}-P6{sub 3}/mmc, hexagonal), a melting temperature greater than 3000C, and a density of 4.53 g/cm{sup 3}. Reportedly, its microhardness as a function of load indicates ductile, or not-so-brittle, behavior, and is anisotropic. The Knoop hardness is about 3.5 GPa when measured along (hk0)(uv0) (parallel to soft, TiC-like orientation) and about 13 GPa when measured in other orientations (perpendicular to TiC-like orientation). Bulk, polycrystalline Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} has a Vickers hardness of 6 to 7 GPa.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Current Recommendations

Dramatic changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines are allowing for improved patient survival, with a more organized team approach. Of greatest significance are changes in the recommended dose of epinephrine, the use of the “thoracic pump” mechanism for cardiac compression, the withdrawal of calcium from the drug list (in most cases), and the addition of neurologic cytoprotective drugs in the immediate postresuscitative state.
Conventional and Alternative Methods for Tomato Peeling

Peeling is one of the most important unit operations in tomato processing. Most recently, three novel tomato peeling methods were reported: infrared, ohmic heating and power ultrasound. Steam/hot water and lye peeling have been the most commercialized methods, but compared to steam peeling, lye peeling is more preferred and has gained widespread application among processors due to its association with higher product yields and better product quality. However, with the ever-tightening environmental protection laws, concerns have arisen in the recent years regarding lye usage as well as its disposal, which calls for alternative chemical-free peeling methods that can effectively peel the tomato while minimizing peeling losses and improving product quality. This review highlights the conventional methods used in tomato peeling, their efficacy and the potential applications of infrared, ohmic heating and power ultrasonics as a novel technology for tomato peeling.
Mechanisms of neurotrophin receptor vesicular transport.

Accumulating evidence has indicated that neurotrophin receptor trafficking plays an important role in neurotrophin-mediated signaling in developing as well as mature neurons. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the components of neurotrophin receptor vesicular transport. This article will describe how neurotrophin receptors, Trk and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), are intimately involved in the axonal transport process. In particular, the molecules that may direct Trk receptor trafficking in the axon will be discussed. Finally, potential mechanisms by which receptor-containing vesicles link to molecular cytoskeletal motors will be presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 58: 244–257, 2004
Classifying services by attributes important to customers

A scheme is developed that clusters services based on outcome attributes deemed important by customers. The algorithm that determined clusters used empirical field research data from 164 different services. The services are modelled as binary vectors. They are analysed using a clustering method based on the Ward algorithm. The analysis reveals six distinct clusters by customer desiderata. Additionally, the medoid is a natural representative of each cluster. The clusters are quite distinct from previously considered groupings based on process characteristics, and offer new insights into their common features. Implications for service innovation, strategic planning, and staffing are discussed.
575 GLYCINE THERAPY FOR THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC MANAGEMENT OF NEONATES WITH ISOVALERIC ACIDEMIA

575 GLYCINE THERAPY FOR THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC MANAGEMENT OF NEONATES WITH ISOVALERIC ACIDEMIA