cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Below-Ground Feeding by Garden Symphylans (Cephalostigmata: Scutigerellidae) on Plant Health

Abstract The influence of garden symphylan (Scutigerella immaculata Newport) root feeding on crop health was measured in the laboratory and in the field. In the laboratory, the relative susceptibility of sweet corn (Zea mays L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) to S. immaculata feeding was investigated by subjecting each crop to three levels of pest pressure (0, 15, and 45 S. immaculata). As S. immaculata densities increased from 0 to 45, root length and dry weight of above-ground plant parts of 1-wk-old spinach and tomato seedlings were reduced from 85 to 98%, whereas corn root length was reduced by 34%. Potato and corn dry weight and potato root length were not reduced. The pest-host association was investigated in the field by examining the relationships between estimated S. immaculata densities and two vegetational parameters: (1) crop health measured by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and (2) post-tillage spring ...
Epsilogaster fullertoni, a new species of Epsilogaster Whitfield and Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Mendesellinae) from Florida, USA

A new species of Epsilogaster recently discovered from Florida, Epsilogaster fullertoni Pitz n. sp., the third species of Epsilogaster described from the Nearctic region is described and the key to species of Epsilogaster is updated to include E. fullertoni.
Redefining Puppet: paradoxical relationship between human and object

Puppetry was a universally popular form of performance in the past. Even if puppetry has lost its popularity today, the word “puppet” is broadly apparent in our culture, and has also been adopted into the digital realm, from the avatar to the automated programming language. There are a number of definitions and explanations of the puppet, in most cases deeply rooted in the hierarchical separation of subject and object.
Gaussian Beams and Antenna Feed Systems

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Antenna Efficiency and Aperture Illumination Aperture Efficiency Radiation Patterns Extended Sources Defocusing Due to Secondary Motion in Cassegrain Systems Requirements on the Beam Waist Reflection Due to Central Blockage in Cassegrain Systems Bibliographic Notes
Legislative Proposals to Address the Negative Consequences of the Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Provisions: Written Testimony Submitted to the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises

The author testified at a U.S. House Committee on Financial Services, Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises hearing on May 11, 2011. The hearing explored a discussion draft of legislation which would modify the whistleblower bounty provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The author's testimony suggested that the proposed reforms, which included a requirement of internal reporting to preserve a whistleblower's bounty eligibility, a change from mandatory to discretionary bounties, and a prohibition on contingency fees, would dull the incentives Dodd-Frank's bounty provision was meant to foster.
Plessy, Brown, and the HBCUs: On the Imposition of Stigma and the Court's Mechanical Equal Protection Jurisprudence

Part of a symposium on Brown v. Board of Education, this article discusses the Court's equal protection jurisprudence in the context of higher education. Recent decisions cast doubt on the constitutionality of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), although two members of the current majority that has been rewriting equal protection jurisprudence have indicated that they do not believe that HBCUs are unconstitutional. While the Court's upholding the constitutionality of HBCUs would be a good result, the article concludes that until the Court develops a more nuanced approach in its equal protection jurisprudence, the Court will continue to promote racial dissension and disunity in this country.
What governmental insider trading teaches us about corporate insider trading

This book chapter explores a curious distinction that Henry G. Manne made in his influential 1966 book, Insider Trading and The Stock Market. On the one hand, Professor Manne defended corporate insider trading because of its potential to increase share price accuracy and its usefulness as a compensation tool for entrepreneurial innovations. On the other hand, Professor Manne denounced the practice of governmental insider trading, seeing no good reason to compensate government officials on the side and warning against “the ease with which inside information can be utilized as a payoff device.” This chapter argues that such a bifurcated position is unstable. It contends that just as governmental insider trading should be viewed as a form of public corruption, corporate insider trading should be viewed as a form of corruption in the private sector. Moreover, if one examines the reasons why public corruption in the form of governmental insider trading is normatively problematic, one sees that similar reasons apply to private corruption in the form of corporate insider trading. Thus, if one rejects governmental insider trading, one has good reason to reject corporate insider trading as well.
Metabolism of Sulfapyridine in the Dog

SummaryThe ingestion of sulfapyridine in the dog is followed by the appearance in the urine of a glycuronide of a hydroxy derivative of sulfapyridine. The hydroxy group is attached to the pyridine ring.
Patočka’s Phenomenological Appropriation of Plato

The paper investigates a strand of Patocka’s phenomenological appropriation of Plato in Plato and Europe — what is there termed the “ontocosmic” dimension proper to care of the soul — and argues that this appropriation is fundamentally influenced by the “so-called unwritten doctrine.” This doctrine, and not the influence or anticipation of Heidegger’s notion of Sorge, is shown as the basis for Patocka’s claim that “what shows the activity of the soul in the proper sense is our relation to the mathematical world.” The investigation of Patocka’s account of care for the soul also explores the influence of Jacob Klein’s reconstruction of the “Ideas-numbers” in the Platonic doctrine on Patocka’s presentation of the chōrismos thesis, which is inseparable from this doctrine. It is argued that this thesis is a major factor in Patocka’s notion of the fundamental distinction between (1) what manifests itself and (2) manifesting, and that this distinction informs his critique of Husserl’s and Heidegger’s phenomenological subjectivism, together with his own concept of the phenomenon proper to phenomenology. The paper concludes by pointing out certain problems in Patocka’s critique of the metaphysical character of the Platonic account of “the appearing of being” that follow from his endorsement of Konrad Gaiser’s reconstruction of the “dimensional generation” of solids as a fundamental aspect of Platonism. These problems are located in Gaiser’s reversal of the Republic’s (Book VI) account of the image-paradigm distinction as it relates to mathematical hypotheses and eidē, and the paper ends by suggesting that the restoration of the proper order to this relationship holds the key to substantiating Patocka’s original thought: that the structure of manifesting has to be “something more” than what appears, if it is to appear.
Acute Cardiac Tamponade: An Adult Simulation Case for Residents

Abstract Introduction This case was designed to be an interprofessional scenario to assist the learner in the approach to a patient with cardiac tamponade. This resource provides information and ma...
Effect of Geriatric-Specific Trauma Triage Criteria on Outcomes in Injured Older Adults: A Statewide Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives To evaluate the effect on outcomes of the Ohio Department of Public Safety statewide geriatric triage criteria, established in 2009 for emergency medical services (EMS) to use for injured individuals aged 70 and older. Design Retrospective cohort study of the Ohio Trauma Registry. Setting All hospitals in Ohio. Participants Individuals aged 70 and older in the Ohio Trauma Registry from January 2006 through December 2011, 3 years before and 3 years after criteria adoption (N = 34,499). Measurements Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and discharge to home. Criteria effects were assessed using chi-square tests, multivariable logistic regression, interrupted time series plots, and multivariable segmented regression models. Results After geriatric criteria were adopted, the proportion of older adults qualifying for trauma center transport increased from 44% to 58%, but EMS transport rates did not change (44% vs 45%). There was no difference in unadjusted mortality (7.1% vs 6.6%) (P = .10). In adjusted analyses, subjects with an injury severity score (ISS) less than 10 had lower mortality after adoption (3.0% vs 2.5%) (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–0.95, P = .01). Discharge to home increased after adoption in the adjusted analysis (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01–1.11, P = .02). There were no time-dependent changes for either outcome. Conclusion Although the proportion of older adults meeting criteria for trauma center transport substantially increased with geriatric triage criteria, there were no increases in trauma center transports. Adoption of statewide geriatric triage guidelines did not decrease mortality in more severely injured older adults but was associated with slightly lower mortality in individuals with mild injuries (ISS <10) and with more individuals discharged to home. Improving outcomes in injured older adults will require further attention to implementation and use of geriatric-specific criteria.
Large-volume paracentesis with indwelling peritoneal catheter and albumin infusion: a community hospital study.

Background : The management of ascites can be problematic. This is especially true in patients with diuretic refractory ascites who develop a tense abdomen. This often results in hypotension and decreased venous return with resulting renal failure. In this paper, we further examine the risks and benefits of utilizing an indwelling peritoneal catheter to remove large-volume ascites over a 72-h period while maintaining intravascular volume and preventing renal failure. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed charts and identified 36 consecutive patients undergoing continuous large-volume paracentesis with an indwelling peritoneal catheter. At the time of drain placement, no patients had signs or laboratory parameters suggestive of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. The patients underwent ascitic fluid removal through an indwelling peritoneal catheter and were supported with scheduled albumin throughout the duration. The catheter was used to remove up to 3 L every 8 h for a maximum of 72 h. Regular laboratory and ascitic fluid testing was performed. All patients had a clinical follow-up within 3 months after the drain placement. Results : An average of 16.5 L was removed over the 72-h time frame of indwelling peritoneal catheter maintenance. The albumin infusion utilized correlated to 12 mg/L removed. The average creatinine trend improved in a statistically significant manner from 1.37 on the day of admission to 1.21 on the day of drain removal. No patients developed renal failure during the hospital course. There were no documented episodes of neutrocytic ascites or bacterial peritonitis throughout the study review. Conclusion : Large-volume peritoneal drainage with an indwelling peritoneal catheter is safe and effective for patients with tense ascites. Concomitant albumin infusion allows for maintenance of renal function, and no increase in infectious complications was noted. Keywords: ascites; peritoneal catheter; cirrhosis; renal function (Published: 26 October 2016) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2016, 6 : 32421 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v6.32421
Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a multifaceted condition that often has both peripheral and central generators of pain. An understanding of neurobiology and neuropsychology of CPP should guide management. Successful treatment of CPP is typically multimodal, and pharmacologic treatment strategies include analgesics, hormonal suppression, anesthetics, antidepressants, membrane stabilizers, and anxiolytics. Evidence for these and other emerging pharmacologic therapies is presented in this article.
Prostate Biopsy in Active Surveillance Protocols: Immediate Re-biopsy and Timing of Subsequent Biopsies

This manuscript reviews contemporary literature regarding prostate cancer active surveillance (AS) protocols as well as other tools that may guide the management of biopsy frequency and assess the possibility of progression in low-risk prostate cancer. There is no consensus regarding the timing of surveillance biopsies; however, an immediate repeat biopsy within 12 months of diagnosis for patients considering AS confirms patients who have favorable risk disease yet also identifies patients who were undersampled initially. Studies regarding multiparametric MRI, nomograms, and biomarkers show promise in risk stratifying and counseling patients during AS. Further studies are needed to determine if these supplemental tests can decrease the frequency of surveillance biopsies. An immediate re-biopsy can help to reduce the risk of missing clinically significant disease. Other clinical tools, including mpMRI, exist that can be used as an adjunct to counsel patients and guide a personalized discussion regarding the frequency of surveillance biopsies.
Evaluation of the palatability and toxicity of candidate baits and toxicants for mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus)

The small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) is an invasive pest species responsible for damage to native avian, reptile, and amphibian species on Hawaii, Croatia, Mauritius, and several Caribbean Islands, among other regions. Mongoose control has been pursued through a variety of means, with varying success. One toxicant, diphacinone, has been shown to be effective in mongooses and is co-labeled in a rodenticide bait for mongoose control in Hawaii; however, preliminary observations indicate low performance as a mongoose toxicant due likely to poor consumption. We evaluated the efficacy and palatability of 10 commercial rodenticide baits, technical diphacinone powder, and two alternative acute toxicants against mongooses in laboratory feeding trials. We observed poor acceptance and subsequent low overall mortality, of the hard grain-based pellets or block formulations typical of most of the commercial rodenticide baits. The exception was Tomcat® bait blocks containing 0.1% bromethalin, an acute neurotoxin, which achieved up to 100% mortality. Mortality among all other commercial rodenticide formulations ranged from 10 to 50%. Three-day feedings of 0.005% technical diphacinone formulated in fresh minced chicken achieved 100% mortality. One-day feedings of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP), a chemical that reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, achieved 100% mortality at concentrations of 0.10 to 0.15%. Bait acceptance of two sodium nitrite formulations (similar toxic mode of action as PAPP) was relatively poor, and mortality averaged 20%. In general, commercially produced rodenticide baits were not preferred by mongooses and had lower mortality rates compared to freshly prepared meat bait formulations. More palatable baits had higher consumption and achieved higher mortality rates. The diphacinone bait registered for rat and mongoose control in Hawaii achieved 20% mortality and was less effective than some of the other commercial or candidate fresh bait products evaluated in this study.
Tracking Success: Outputs Versus Outcomes-A Comparison of Accredited and Non-Accredited Public Health Agencies' Community Health Improvement Plan objectives

With funding for public health initiatives declining, creating measurable objectives that are focused on tracking and changing population outcomes (i.e., knowledge, attitudes, or behaviors), instead of those that are focused on health agencies’ own outputs (e.g., promoting services, developing communication messages) have seen a renewed focus. This study analyzed 4094 objectives from the Community Health Improvement Plans (CHIPs) of 280 local PHAB-accredited and non-accredited public health agencies across the United States. Results revealed that accredited agencies were no more successful at creating outcomes-focused objectives (35% of those coded) compared to non-accredited agencies (33% of those coded; Z = 1.35, p = .18). The majority of objectives were focused on outputs (accredited: 61.2%; non-accredited: 63.3%; Z = 0.72, p = .47). Outcomes-focused objectives primarily sought to change behaviors (accredited: 85.43%; non-accredited: 80.6%), followed by changes in knowledge (accredited: 9.75%; non-accredited: 10.8%) and attitudes (accredited: 1.6%; non-accredited: 5.1%). Non-accredited agencies had more double-barreled objectives (49.9%) compared to accredited agencies (32%; Z = 11.43, p < .001). The authors recommend that accreditation procedures place a renewed focus on ensuring that public health agencies strive to achieve outcomes. It is also advocated that public health agencies work with interdisciplinary teams of Health Communicators who can help them develop procedures to effectively and efficiently measure outcomes of knowledge and attitudes that are influential drivers of behavioral changes.
In Search of Selectivity in Inhibition of ADAM10.

The metalloproteinase ADAM10 has been reported as an important target for drug discovery in several human diseases. In this vein, (6S,7S)-N-hydroxy-5-methyl-6-(4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carbonyl)-5-azaspiro[2.5]octane-7-carboxamide (compound 1) has been reported as a selective ADAM10 inhibitor. We synthesized this compound and document that it lacks both potency and selectivity in inhibition of ADAM10. This finding necessitated a structure-based computational analysis to investigate potency and selectivity of ADAM10 inhibition. The model that emerged indeed excluded compound 1 as an inhibitor for ADAM10, while suggesting another reported compound, (1R,3S,4S)-3-(hydroxycarbamoyl)-4-(4-phenylpiperidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohexyl pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (compound 2), as an ADAM10 selective inhibitor. Compound 2 was synthesized and its potency, and selectivity in inhibition of ADAM10 were documented with a panel of several related enzymes. Pharmacokinetic studies of compound 2 in mice docum...
Postmodernism and Donald Barthelme's metafictional commentary on contemporary philosophy

and concrete potentiality becomes null and void" (24). Thus, the modernist sees all possibilities as abstract potentialities, and "when the world declines to realize these possibilities, .•. melancholy becomes tinged with contempt" (22), leaving only "Angst," nausea, and despair. These unfulfilled abstract potentialities are perceived as ~~---------------------------------------
Scattering of NLS solitons with bound quantum states

Inelastic collision between NLS3 solitons and bound quantum states in strong localized one-dimensional potentials are investigated.
Regression Quantiles: An Example of Bicriteria Optimization

Regression quantiles are a robust alternative to the popular least squares regression and provide good descriptive statistics for the data. In this paper, we show that the problem to find regression quantiles associated with a data set can be formulated as a bicriteria optimization problem and solved by a simple algorithm that combines parametric programming with the simplex algorithm. We illustrate the proposed algorithm with a simple example.
A PATHOLOGIST LOOKS AT AIDS

In many ways, I was well prepared for the AIDS roller coaster that I’ ve been on for these past 16 years. I am a classically trained anatomic pathologist, with experience in ultrastructure, light microscopy, and autopsy pathology. No one however was truly prepared. I have been in the school of HIV disease ever since. I knew little about the Lentiviruses, the fascinating family of slow viruses of which HIV is a member. Early on, I probably observed viral particles in the electron microscope, but my mind was not prepared for their recognition. From my autopsy experience, I knew about the opportunistic infections that occur in patients on chemotherapy and corticosteroids, but they are not the most common ones seen in AIDS. When I went to medical school and even during my residency, relatively speaking, immunology was in the dark ages. Kaposi’s sarcoma was an obscure enigmatic skin disease seen in Eastern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, and in Africa. I never saw a case of Kaposi’s sarcoma before AIDS came along.
Mechanisms of Giemsa banding. II. Giemsa components and other variables in G-banding.

We investigated the capability of individual thiazins in Giemsa mixtures (methylene blue and azures A, B, and C) and of two related dyes (toluidine blue and thionin) to produce G-banding. We further tested the effects of variations of buffer composition and concentration, dye concentration, and staining time. G-banding was produced by all of the dyes at low concentrations, although differences were noted. Overall, methylene blue and azure B produced the best banding, azures A, C, and toluidine blue produced moderately good banding, and thionin produced poor banding. This order did not appear to be altered essentially by different treatments. The optimal conditions for G-banding for all dyes and treatments included the use of (1) 0.025–0.05M phosphate buffer, (2) dye concentrations of 0.002%–0.005%, and (3) staining times of 6–15 min.
Collection of Sixteen High-Quality Human Head CAD Models Generated with SimNIBS 2.1 Using Connectome Subject Data within MATLAB® Platform

The goal of this study is to introduce a collection of sixteen high-resolution, 2-manifold CAD compatible head models within the MATLAB platform available to all interested parties for electromagnetic and acoustic simulations. Each model contains skin, skull, CSF, GM, cerebellum, WM, and ventricles head compartments and possesses an "onion" topology: the grey matter shell is a container for white matter, ventricles, and cerebellum objects, the CSF shell contains the grey matter shell, the skull shell contains the CSF shell, and finally the skin or scalp shell contains the skull shell. The models are fully compatible with ANSYS ED FEM software, CST Studio Suite, Sim4Life/SEMCAD software, and other electromagnetic software packages. The collection is based on MRI data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) segmented using the SimNIBS 2.1/2.1.1 processing pipeline. The average number of triangular surface facets in a model is 866,000, the average triangle quality is 0.25, the average edge length is 1.48 mm, and the average surface mesh density or resolution is 0.57 points per mm2. If necessary, a finer model mesh can be created for every head using available MATLAB tools.
In Vitro Studies in Sulfatide Lipidosis

Recent developments in human somatic cell genetics now permit the detailed in vitro evaluation of many mutant genotypes of man. Large, relatively uniform populations of diploid human cells can be cultivated from a simple skin biopsy. For prolonged periods, these fibroblastic cells reflect the chromosomal composition and many parameters of biochemical function of the individual from whom the skin sample was obtained. The biochemical abnormality associated with many recessive genetic disorders and particularly those defects associated with the sphingolipidoses and related conditions can now be demonstrated in this in vitro system with easily obtained material with little morbidity, and with minimal expense. Previously such studies could only be achieved in post mortem tissues or in material obtained by surgical biopsy of liver, nerve, brain, etc.
Transfer Free Energies of Test Proteins Into Crowded Protein Solutions Have Simple Dependence on Crowder Concentration

The effects of macromolecular crowding on the thermodynamic properties of test proteins are determined by the latter's transfer free energies from a dilute solution to a crowded solution. The transfer free energies in turn are determined by effective protein-crowder interactions. When these interactions are modeled at the all-atom level, the transfer free energies may defy simple predictions. Here we investigated the dependence of the transfer free energy (Δμ) on crowder concentration. We represented both the test protein and the crowder proteins atomistically, and used a general interaction potential consisting of hard-core repulsion, non-polar attraction, and solvent-screened electrostatic terms. The chemical potential was rigorously calculated by FMAP (Qin and Zhou, 2014), which entails expressing the protein-crowder interaction terms as correlation functions and evaluating them via fast Fourier transform (FFT). To high accuracy, the transfer free energy can be decomposed into an excluded-volume component (Δμe-v), arising from the hard-core repulsion, and a soft-attraction component (Δμs-a), arising from non-polar and electrostatic interactions. The decomposition provides physical insight into crowding effects, in particular why such effects are very modest on protein folding stability. Further decomposition of Δμs-a into non-polar and electrostatic components does not work, because these two types of interactions are highly correlated in contributing to Δμs-a. We found that Δμe-v fits well to the generalized fundamental measure theory (Qin and Zhou, 2010), which accounts for atomic details of the test protein but approximates the crowder proteins as spherical particles. Most interestingly, Δμs-a has a nearly linear dependence on crowder concentration. The latter result can be understood within a perturbed virial expansion of Δμ (in powers of crowder concentration), with Δμe-v as reference. Whereas the second virial coefficient deviates strongly from that of the reference system, higher virial coefficients are close to their reference counterparts, thus leaving the linear term to make the dominant contribution to Δμs-a.
Análisis envolvente de datos de pronóstico de eficiencia en servicios de alimentos

espanolProponemos una forma de analisis envolvente de datos que permite estimar la eficiencia de servicios de alimentos con salida estocastica relacionada con entradas predictivas en multiples periodos mediante un modelo lineal generalizado auto-regresivo de media movil (GLARMA). Esta forma de trabajo permite pronosticar el comportamiento futuro de la frontera de eficiencia de un cluster empresarial. Se da un ejemplo para los tomadores de decisiones cuando enfrentan este tipo de escenarios. EnglishWe proposes a form of data envelopment analysis that allows estimating the efficiency of food services with stochastic outputs related to predictive inputs in multiple periods by generalized linear autoregressive moving average (GLARMA) model. This form of work allows forecasting the future behavior of the efficiency frontier of a cluster of companies. An example to the decision makers when they face scenarios like those described
Purging disorder: recent advances and future challenges.

Purpose of reviewThe present review aims to help specialists remain up-to-date on research from the past 2 years on epidemiology, risk factors, biological correlates, treatment, and outcomes for purging disorder, a DSM-5 other specified feeding and eating disorder.Recent findingsPurging disorder aff
Introduction to the Special Collection on the Fragile Families Challenge

The Fragile Families Challenge is a scientific mass collaboration designed to measure and understand the predictability of life trajectories. Participants in the Challenge created predictive models...
Paenibacillus strains with nitrogen fixation and multiple beneficial properties for promoting plant growth.

Paenibacillus is a large genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria. The genus Paenibacillus currently comprises more than 150 named species, approximately 20 of which have nitrogen-fixation ability. The N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains have potential uses as a bacterial fertilizer in agriculture. In this study, 179 bacterial strains were isolated by using nitrogen-free medium after heating at 85 °C for 10 min from 69 soil samples collected from different plant rhizospheres in different areas. Of the 179 bacterial strains, 25 Paenibacillus strains had nifH gene encoding Fe protein of nitrogenase and showed nitrogenase activities. Of the 25 N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains, 22 strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). 21 strains out of the 25 N2-fixing Paenibacillus strains inhibited at least one of the 6 plant pathogens Rhizoctonia cerealis, Fusarium graminearum, Gibberella zeae, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gossypii and Alternaria longipes. 18 strains inhibited 5 plant pathogens and Paenibacillus sp. SZ-13b could inhibit the growth of all of the 6 plant pathogens. According to the nitrogenase activities, antibacterial capacities and IAA production, we chose eight strains to inoculate wheat, cucumber and tomato. Our results showed that the 5 strains Paenibacillus sp. JS-4, Paenibacillus sp. SZ-10, Paenibacillus sp. SZ-14, Paenibacillus sp. BJ-4 and Paenibacillus sp. SZ-15 significantly promoted plant growth and enhanced the dry weight of plants. Hence, the five strains have the greater potential to be used as good candidates for biofertilizer to facilitate sustainable development of agriculture.
Analyzing the ages of south polar craters on the Moon: Implications for the sources and evolution of surface water ice.

Abstract Surface water ice in the permanently shadowed polar regions of the Moon has a patchy surficial distribution and is not found within all available cold-trapping areas. To date it is not well understood when the ice was delivered, which has important implications for the surficial characteristics of the ice as well as for possible delivery mechanisms. Here we present absolute model ages for 20 south polar craters that host surface water ice, providing maximum estimates of the ages of surface ice contained within these craters. We quantify the amount of available cold-trapping surface area that is occupied by water ice in order to examine the relationship between the patchiness of ice within each crater and the age of each host crater. The majority of surface ice is contained in old craters ≥∼3.1 Gyr, where the majority of cold-trapping area on the pole exists. The ice is these ancient craters is very patchy in surficial distribution, occupying Siegler et al. (2016) . If true polar wander did occur on the Moon, then the ages of ice-bearing craters presented here set an upper limit for the age of post-true polar wander hydrogen emplacement of 4.1 ± 0.1 Gyr.
Function and Regulation of IL-36 Signaling in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer Development

The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines belongs to the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three pro-inflammatory agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and an IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) antagonist, IL-36Ra. These IL-36 cytokines function through a common receptor to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-36 cytokines are expressed as inactive precursors and require proteolytic processing to become fully active. Upon binding to IL-36R, IL-36 agonists augment the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines via activating signaling pathways. IL-36 is mainly expressed in epidermal, bronchial, and intestinal epithelial cells that form the barrier structures of the body and regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production at these tissue sites. Dysregulation of IL-36 signaling is a major etiological factor in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Besides its critical role in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, emerging evidence suggests that aberrant IL-36 activities also promote inflammatory diseases in the lung, kidneys, and intestines, underscoring the potential of IL-36 as a therapeutic target for common inflammatory diseases. The role of IL-36 signaling in cancer development is also under investigation, with limited studies suggesting a potential anti-tumor effect. In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the expression, activation, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of IL-36 signaling in immunity, inflammatory diseases, and cancer development.
Current Clinical Concepts: Conservative Management of Achilles Tendinopathy

Achilles tendinopathy is a painful overuse injury that is extremely common in athletes, especially those who participate in running and jumping sports. In addition to pain, Achilles tendinopathy is...
Granulosa cell tumor resection with subsequent onset of rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with an estrogen correlation. The disease can worsen or present with menopause. Granulosa cell tumors (GCT) are estrogen-secreting ovarian sex-cord stromal tumors with median incidence in the early postmenopausal years. We report a 38-year-old female who presented with a 20 cm pelvic mass and elevated inhibin and underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a Stage I GCT. She developed progressive post-operative joint pain and weakness before an eventual diagnosis of seropositive RA. With tumor resection and surgical menopause, the patient experienced an abrupt decline in estrogen levels precipitating the onset of RA symptoms. Prior research identified that hormone fluctuation at menopause correlates with onset of RA. While unfortunately direct estrogen measurements were not obtained perioperatively, this case does support circumstantial evidence correlating RA with menopause and a decline in estrogen, irrespective of age.
Long‐term Outcomes of team‐based learning

BACKGROUND Team-based learning (TBL) is associated with improved end-of-course exam performance, but the impact on long-term retention is unknown. We compared the impact of three teaching methods: traditional case-based small group discussion (TSG), TBL or no small group reinforcement on short-term understanding and long-term retention after a haematology course. METHODS Knowledge assessments were conducted prior to, immediately after and 14 months after course completion. Several topics covered by TSG were switched to TBL and could be directly compared. RESULTS We recruited 24% of eligible students (n = 70). Of these, 48 completed the final assessment (69% retention). Pre-course, participants scored 31% correctly, which increased to 78% post-course with significant differences: TBL 87%; TSG 78%; no small group 76% (p < 0.01 for both comparisons). At long-term follow-up, the effect of the teaching method was no longer significant: TBL 75%; TSG 67% (p = 0.14); no small group 70% (p = 0.36). When restricted to topics converted from TSG to TBL, the long-term benefit was not shown: TSG 59%; TBL 54% (p = 0.47). FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION We confirm increased understanding gained by using TBL, but this did not lead to better long-term retention. Improved scores on short-term testing has value for student well-being and competitiveness for residency application. TBL may still be of long-term benefit through modelling team decision making and self-directed learning that are core features of how clinical medicine is practiced. However, our findings argue against justifying the adoption of TBL on the basis of superior long-term retention.
Patterns and predictors of postsecondary re-enrollment in the acquisition of stackable credentials.

Abstract Using 15 years of student enrollment histories from administrative data spanning the 2004–05 through 2018-19 school years at all public colleges, universities, and technical/trade schools in the state of Ohio, we examine rates of re-enrollment in postsecondary education for individuals pursuing additional credentials following the receipt of a sub-baccalaureate certificate. We find that the majority of certificate recipients re-enroll to continue their progression toward stacking credentials. The likelihood of re-enrollment diminishes for certificate earners as they get further out from the term when their initial certificate was completed. Certificate earners re-enroll at an accelerated rate if they acquired their initial certificate at a community college, if they currently have low wages at their jobs, and following increases in local unemployment rates. Our findings lend support to sociological ideas about the role of institutional contexts, opportunity costs, and labor market opportunities in shaping non-traditional postsecondary pathways across the life course.
Increasing HPV Vaccination among Low-Income, Ethnic Minority Adolescents: Effects of a Multicomponent System Intervention through a County Health Department Hotline.

Background: Introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in 2006 was a game-changing advance in cancer control. Despite the vaccine9s potential cancer prevention benefits, uptake remains low. We utilized a randomized design to evaluate a multicomponent intervention to improve HPV vaccine uptake among low-income, ethnic minority adolescents seeking services through a county health department telephone hotline. Methods: Hotline callers who were caregivers of never-vaccinated adolescents (11–17 years) were randomized by call-week to intervention or control conditions. The intervention included brief telephone and print education, delivered in multiple languages, and personalized referral to a low-cost/free vaccine provider. Participants completed baseline (n = 238), 3-month (n = 215), and 9-month (n = 204) telephone follow-up surveys. Results: HPV vaccine initiation rates increased substantially by 9-month follow-up overall, although no differences were observed between intervention and control groups (45% vs. 42%, respectively, P > 0.05). We also observed significant improvements in perceived HPV risk, barriers to vaccination, and perceived knowledge in both study conditions (P Conclusions: A low-intensity county hotline intervention did not produce a greater increase in HPV vaccination rates than routine practice. However, 44% of unvaccinated adolescents in both conditions received at least one dose of the vaccine, which can be viewed as a successful public health outcome. Future studies should evaluate more intensive interventions that address accessing and utilizing services in complex safety net settings. Impact: Study results suggest the need for investigators to be aware of the potential priming effects of study participation, which may obscure the effect of low-intensity interventions.
Examples of circle actions on symplectic spaces

Many interesting results in the study of symplectic torus actions can be proved by purely cohomological methods. All one needs is a closed orientable topological 2nmanifold M (or, more generally, a reasonably pleasant topological space whose rational cohomology satisfies Poincare duality with formal dimension 2n), which is cohomologically symplectic (c-symplectic) in the sense that there is a class w ∈ H(M ;Q) such that w 6= 0. Sometimes one requires that M satisifes the Lefschetz condition that multiplication by wn−1 is an isomorphism H(M ;Q) → H2n−1(M ;Q). And an action of a torus T on M is said to be cohomologically Hamiltonian (c-Hamiltonian) if w ∈ Im[i∗ : H(MT ;Q) → H∗(M ;Q)], where MT is the Borel construction; and i : M →MT is the inclusion of the fibre in the fibre bundle MT → BT . Some examples of some results which can be proved easily by cohomological methods are the following.
Household Budgets in Ukraine: A Research Report

A noted American specialist in Soviet and post-Soviet agriculture presents the results of and analyzes a 1997 survey of household budgets in Ukraine. The survey population (N = 14,900), selected by quota sampling, resided in all 25 of the country's province-level territorial units (urban respondents) and in the Crimean Autonomous Republic and 13 of the country's 24 provinces (rural respondents). The author discusses the sources of family income, the breakdown of expenditures, the consumption of basic food staples, as well as sources of food supply for villagers and residents of urban centers. Concluding comments focus on the dependence of urban and rural families on household plots, which affect patterns of food consumption. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: D31, O52, Q12, Q18. 5 tables, 18 references.
Microarray-Based Amplification Product Detection and Identification

Microorganisms play important roles in ecosystem functioning in both the environment and within host organisms. However, the diversity of microbial communities (an estimated 2,000–50,000 microbial species per gram of soil) [1–4] and the human intestine is estimated to contain at least 500 phylotypes [5], and their mostly unculturable status (>99 % [6–8]) make them difficult to study. As such, culture-independent approaches are essential to study even a fraction of microorganisms in the environment. Microarrays can examine tens of thousands of genes at one time in a simple, rapid, high-throughput, and parallel manner, making them ideal for the study of microbial communities. Microarrays can also provide quantitative information if amplification of target DNA is not required prior to analysis. Due to the large amount of data generated from each array, array-based analyses can be more cost-effective than other molecular methods. In addition, arrays are an ideal tool for comparing microbial communities from different sites, conditions, or times since samples are interrogated against a defined set of genes or microorganisms contained on the array. These features make microarrays excellent tools for assessing microbial community structure, functions, activities, and dynamics in natural settings. This chapter discusses various types of arrays and their applications to issues of clinical interest.
Statistical Tolerancing: The State of the Art: Part II. Methods for Estimating Moments

Part I of this paper was concerned with statistical tolerancing from the overall point of view. In particular it showed why and under what provisions one wants to find the distribution of the response of the mechanism being toleranced as a function of t..
Comparisons of Various Configurations of the Edge Delamination Test for Interlaminar Fracture Toughness

Various configurations of Edge Delamination Tension (EDT) test specimens, of both brittle (T300/5208) and toughened-matrix (T300/BP907) graphite reinforced composite laminates, were manufactured and tested. The mixed-mode interlaminar fracture toughness, G sub C, was measured using (30/30 sub 2/30/90 sub N)sub s, n=1 or 2, (35/-35/0/90) sub s and (35/0/-35/90) sub s layups designed to delaminate at low tensile strains. Laminates were made without inserts so that delaminations would form naturally between the central 90 deg plies and the adjacent angle plies. Laminates were also made with Teflon inserts implanted between the 90 deg plies and the adjacent angle (theta) plies at the straight edge to obtain a planar fracture surface. In addition, interlaminar tension fracture toughness, GIc, was measured from laminates with the same layup but with inserts in the midplane, between the central 90 deg plies, at the straight edge. All of the EDT configurations were useful for ranking the delamination resistance of composites with different matrix resins. Furthermore, the variety of layups and configurations available yield interlaminar fracture toughness measurements needed to generate delamination failure criteria. The influence of insert thickness and location, and coupon size on G sub c values were evaluated.
Secure service management in virtual service networks

This paper extends our discussion and treatment of security of service management applications. After a brief discussion of the key players within the secure service management environment, it presents in detail the security service protocol and application programming interface (API) to facilitate request and response between a service management application and its security server. Guidelines on defining service management protocol and extending current CMIP’s security management functions are also given. Conclusions encapsulate the results so far achieved as well as the future work and directions of our study.
Multi-agent system for a human-friendly robot

At the Center for Intelligent Systems, we are working on human robot interaction (HRI). We present our approach for HRI. Our goals for HRI are to allow the human to influence the robot's actions in some way and acquire feedback about the robot's internal state. Additionally, we would like the robot to confirm the human's input and request the human's assistance if necessary. To achieve our goals, we are developing two intelligent agents: the human agent and the self agent. The human agent encapsulates what the robot knows about the human. The self agent maintains knowledge about the internal state of the robot and communicates with the human. We performed a preliminary demonstration of the system, in which the human could have limited conversation with the robot, a dual-armed humanoid. This limited conversation included commands to the robot and queries about the robot's abilities and internal state.
A Review of “The Nature Principle: Human Restoration and the End of Nature-Deficit Disorder,”

Louv has done it again. The best-selling author, Richard Louv, followed his 2005 book, Last Child in the Woods, (updated and expanded in 2008) and has written about how adults can benefit from reco...
Hepatitis A: The changing epidemiology of hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a communicable disease of the liver caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is a single-stranded, linear, nonenveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. The incubation period is 14 to 28 days (up to 50 days). The diagnosis is made with a positive test for immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV), which is detectable from 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms to 6 months afterward. Children are often asymptomatic; the severity of acute hepatitis A generally increases with age. HAV infection typically causes an acute viral illness with jaundice, is limited to several weeks’ duration, and often results in substantial morbidity and associated costs.1–5 Although uncommon, severe hepatic and extrahepatic complications, including liver failure, occur. HAV is shed in the feces. The primary mode of transmission is fecal-oral, and transmission usually occurs through direct contact or person-person contact. HAV’s ability to survive for extended periods in the environment facilitates its transmission through the consumption of contaminated food or water. Blood-borne transmission is rare.
Interaction of live and dead Escherichia coli O157:H7 and fluorescent microspheres with lettuce tissue suggests bacterial processes do not mediate adherence.

Aims: The goal of this study was to determine whether any specific bacterial processes (biochemical or genetic) or cell surface moieties were required for the interaction between Escherichia coli O157:H7 and lettuce plant tissue. Methods and Results: Escherichia coli O157:H7 and FluospheresTM (fluorescent polystyrene microspheres) were used in experiments to investigate interactions with lettuce. FluospheresTM were used as they are a nonbiological material, of similar size and shape to a bacterial cell, but lack bacterial cell surface moieties and the ability to respond genetically. Live and glutaraldehyde-killed E. coli O157:H7 attached at levels of c. 5·8 log10 cells per cm2 following immersion of lettuce pieces into a suspension containing c. 8 log10 CFU ml−1. In a separate experiment, numbers of bacteria or FluospheresTM associated with lettuce decreased by c. 1·5 log cm−2 following a 1-min wash. Exposure times of 1 min, 1 h, or 6 h had little effect on the level of attachment for FluospheresTM, and live or killed cells of E. coli O157:H7 to lettuce tissue. Significance: These results indicate that bacterial processes and cell surface moieties are not required for the initial interaction of E. coli O157:H7 to lettuce plant tissue.