cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Counseling Intervention and American Indian Tradition: An Integrative Approach

The training of American Indian counseling and community psychologists should move away from conventional counseling tenets toward the use of culturally sensitive mental health approaches that maintain American Indian values. In this article, unique American Indian social and psychological perspectives concerning the process and theory of counseling are contrasted with the individualistic focus, style, and outcomes of therapy as practiced in America today. Empirical studies are reviewed concerning the role of social influences in the counseling process as perceived by American Indians and the types of problems Indians present in counseling. The under use of mental health services by American Indian is is associated with the tension surrounding power differentials in counseling relationships and perceived conflicting goals for acculturation between counselors and Indian clients. In addition, three types of psychological intervention-social learning, behavioral, and network -are reviewed and summarized for ...
QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR THE BIO-ASSAY OF THE GLYCOGENIC ACTIVITY OF STEROIDS AND URINARY EXTRACTS1

THIS PROJECT was undertaken to develop a sensitive and specific method for the quantitative bio-assay of urinary extracts with respect to their glycogenic activity. (Dobriner, 1944, 1945; Eggleston, 1944.) The presence of such activity in these extracts was demonstrated by Venning, Hoffman and Browne, (1942). Reinecke and Kendall (1942) reported a method, to be called method A, for the assay of adrenal cortical extracts based on their glycogenic action in fasted, adrenalectomized rats. This method has been extensively studied by Olsen et at. (1944). In this laboratory it was found that to obtain a significant increase over the fasting liver glycogen level relatively large amounts of cortical hormones or urinary extracts were necessary. A method that would yield positive results with the least possible quantity of material was therefore sought. The use of mice in place of rats did not increase the sensitivity sufficiently. The three procedures which finally were evolved are based on the concept that adrena...
The effects of aphidicolin and α-amanitin on DNA synthesis in preimplantation mouse embryos

The effects of aphidicolin and α-amanitin on DNA synthesis by preimplantation mouse embryos were studied. It was found that both blastocyst and 8-cell embryos showed marked inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA by aphidicolin at concentrations of 20–50 μg/ml. However, aphidicolin did not inhibit the conversion of morula embryos to blastocyst embryos, although aphidicolin-treated blastocysts lost their blastocoel and collapsed into a compact form after prolonged exposure to the drug. Both 8-cell and blastocyst embryos were found to be susceptible to inhibition of DNA synthesis by α-amanitin.
A Policy Framework For New Mineral Economies: Lessons From Botswana

Many developing economies have been receiving increasingly significant amounts of foreign direct investment in mining over the past two decades. As mining expands in these new mineral economies, this sector has become a significant source of social and political conflict. New mineral economies must implement savvy policies that preempt and mitigate the challenges of mineral-led economic development. This essay is divided into three principal sections. The first compiles and reviews the key social scientific literature regarding the economic, political and social problems associated with mineral-led development strategies. The second section draws from the case of Botswana, a mineral dependent country with high growth and high development indices for sub-Saharan Africa. Here, Botswana is compared with Nigeria to illustrate, in greater contrast, Botswana’s policy successes. The final section returns to the economic, political and social challenges of mining and puts forward a general policy framework, drawing from the example of Botswana, for new mineral economies to leverage their mineral endowments for substantive development while limiting the potential for social conflict and negative economic outcomes.
Enhancement by tetraphenylborate of technetium-99m-MIBI uptake kinetics and accumulation in cultured chick myocardial cells.

Myocellular uptake and retention of technetium-99m-hexakis (2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) (Tc-MIBI), a lipophilic cationic myocardial perfusion and viability imaging agent, is dependent on both mitochondrial and plasma-membrane potentials. To test for enhancement of uptake kinetics by lipophilic anions, cultured chick heart cells were exposed to tetraphenylborate (TPB), which produced a concentration-dependent maximal 15-fold increase in Tc-MIBI uptake kinetics (at 3 x 10(-5) M) and enhanced peak accumulation of Tc-MIBI from 165.4 +/- 26.3 to 705.6 +/- 61.3 fmoles/mg protein.nMo (P less than 0.001). Carbonyl cyanide-m-chloro phenylhydrazone (CCCP; 10(-5) M), a mitochondrial uncoupler, rapidly depleted cellular content of Tc-MIBI in the presence of TPB (10(-5) M) from 300.0 +/- 30.0 to 42.5 +/- 1.9 fmole/mg protein.nMo (p less than 0.001). TPB enhanced both uptake rates and net accumulation of Tc-MIBI at all buffer Ko concentrations between 130 mM and 0.54 mM. Tc-MIBI influx rates allowed estimation of plasma-membrane potential as a function of Ko in the presence of valinomycin with a slope of -67 mV/decade (r = -0.99). The results further support a potential-dependent mechanism for cell uptake of Tc-MIBI and suggest a rational approach for increasing tissue extraction fraction in vivo.
Management of Apple Arthropod Pests and Natural Enemies Relative to Developed Insecticide Resistance 1

Apple arthropod pest systems may be approaching a turning point relative to chemical controls tactics. Organophosphate resistance has not been reported for any major key pest; it has been widespread among mites, aphids and leafhoppers, and it is known for several important natural enemy species. The potential for developed resistance to O-P compounds and newly developed synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in key pest species is discussed. Management of O-P resistance among pest and beneficial arthropods by manipulation of operational factors affecting resistance development may be a feasible approach to chemical management of apple arthropods.
Borderline hypertensives produce exaggerated adrenocortical responses to mental stress.

Serum cortisol concentrations were compared in 18 borderline hypertensive (BH) and 20 normotensive (NT) men before and after mental stress. Two levels of demand, intermittent reaction time with brief rests and reaction time alternating continuously with mental arithmetic, were used in two consecutive protocols on different days in the laboratory. Continuous, but not intermittent, mental stress produced significant elevations in cortisol levels only in the BH subjects (p < .001). The continuous challenge produced slightly more self-reported distress in both groups than the intermittent condition, and performance on the mental arithmetic task was more strongly correlated with the cortisol response than was performance on the reaction time task, suggesting that the mental arithmetic task was a key contributor to the cortisol response. Therefore, adrenocortical activity appears sensitive to appropriate stressors in BH subjects. These results indicate the importance of including measures of adrenocortical function in studies of reactivity in subjects at high risk for hypertension.
Labor and skills gap analysis of the biomedical research workforce

The United States has experienced an unsustainable increase of the biomedical research workforce over the past 3 decades. This expansion has led to a myriad of consequences, including an imbalance in the number of researchers and available tenure-track faculty positions, extended postdoctoral training periods, increasing age of investigators at first U.S. National Institutes of Health R01 grant, and exodus of talented individuals seeking careers beyond traditional academe. Without accurate data on the biomedical research labor market, challenges will remain in resolving these problems and in advising trainees of viable career options and the skills necessary to be productive in their careers. We analyzed workforce trends, integrating both traditional labor market information and real-time job data. We generated a profile of the current biomedical research workforce, performed labor gap analyses of occupations in the workforce at regional and national levels, and assessed skill transferability between core and complementary occupations. We conclude that although supply into the workforce and the number of job postings for occupations within that workforce have grown over the past decade, supply continues to outstrip demand. Moreover, we identify practical skill sets from real-time job postings to optimally equip trainees for an array of careers to effectively meet future workforce demand.-Mason, J. L., Johnston, E., Berndt, S., Segal, K., Lei, M., Wiest, J. S. Labor and skills gap analysis of the biomedical research workforce.
Semiquantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of soy protein in meat products: summary of collaborative study.

Description d'un test ELISA pour l'identification et le dosage de proteines d'origine vegetale (soja) dans des produits carnes. Les resultats permettent de proposer cette technique a l'essai
Abstract 2761: Cellular consequences of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I dysregulation

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) is a highly conserved eukaryotic DNA repair enzyme that catalyzes the resolution of 3’ and 5’ phospho-DNA adducts. Tdp1 has been implicated in the repair of DNA topoisomerase I (Topo1)-DNA covalent complexes reversibly stabilized by camptothecins (CPTs) such as the FDA approved CPT derivatives topotecan and irinotecan. Tdp1 utilizes a two-step catalytic cycle that centers on the formation of an obligatory Tdp1-DNA covalent complex (Tdp1-cc) through its nucleophilic histidine (Hisnuc), resulting in dissociation of the adduct, while its general acid/base histidine (Hisgab) mediates Tdp1 dissociation. A Tdp1Hisgab to Arg (H493R) mutant stabilizes the Tdp1-cc and is associated with autosomal recessive ataxia SCAN1. Alternative substitutions of Hisgab or substitutions of the Hisnuc transforms yeast Tdp1 into a potent toxin via stabilization of Tdp1-cc. We propose that stabilization of this Tdp1-DNA covalent complex is a potential novel therapeutic anti-cancer strategy. As proof-of-concept, we analyzed two catalytic Hisgab (H493R or H493N) mutants and one Hisnuc (H263A) mutant of hTdp1 in HEK293 cells. Doxycycline-induced expression of Tdp1H263A, Tdp1H493R, and Tdp1H493N mutant enzymes induced Tdp1-dependent cytotoxicity without additional genotoxic stress. Utilizing two different immuno-assays, we validated that the observed Tdp1-dependent toxicity correlates with stabilization of their enzyme-DNA covalent complex. Moreover, all of these Tdp1 catalytic mutants show reduced catalytic activity compared to wild type hTdp1, but they do not all show a stabilized Tdp1-cc in this in vitro assay. This indicates a significant difference between in vitro Tdp1 activity and cellular Tdp1 activity, which is most likely due to the difference in substrate; a small oligonucleotide with a 3’phospho-tyrosyl modification versus covalent complex of full length Topo1 with genomic DNA. However, these results confirm our previous yeast studies: Stabilization of the Tdp1-cc converts a DNA repair enzyme into a cellular toxin, which constitutes a potential novel therapeutic strategy to treat cancer. In addition, we are comparing schedule dependent ‘drug’-combinations of our toxic Tdp1 mutant expression with topotecan, etoposide (targets Topo2-cc) and cisplatin to evaluate the potential therapeutic value of this novel Tdp1 targeted strategy. This work is in part supported by the ADDA, UAB ACS-IRG, and DOD OCRP WX81WH-15-1-0198. Citation Format: Selma M. Cuya, Kellie M. Regal, Robert C.A.M. Van Waardenburg. Cellular consequences of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I dysregulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2761.
Legalizing Marijuana and Abating Environmental Harm: An Overblown Promise?

California appears to be on the fast track towards legalizing personal use of marijuana. Proponents of legalization argue that legalization will abate the considerable environmental harm caused by illegal marijuana production. The article takes a close look at that claim and presents arguments why that claim may be overblown.
Attenuation correction in SPECT images reconstructed on multi-resolution point clouds

Irregular point cloud distributions of grid points are used to form a tetrahedral mesh for representation of images reconstructed from projections. Previously we demonstrated that point clouds provide a significant gain in sparseness of a 3D image representation without apparent loss in resolution. Point clouds have been suggested as natural representations for factor analysis of dynamic SPECT data. In order to extract quantitative information about the kinetics of a radiotracer in the body, X-ray attenuation has to be taken into account. In this paper, we investigate attenuation correction methods that can be used with the new method of image representation. The reconstructed function is sampled on an irregular grid (cloud) of points, which is used to form a tetrahedral mesh such that a continuous function is formed by linear interpolation between the vertices of each tetrahedron. The image reconstruction relies on the underlying algorithm that computes the contribution of intensity at each point of the sinogram. The presented work investigates two methods for incorporating the attenuation map into the reconstruction algorithm. For each ray propagation direction, attenuation factors are computed for the tetrahedron vertices. The method is evaluated by applying it to the reconstruction of 210TI canine heart data acquired using the GE Millennium VH Hawkeye SPECT-CT system.
Effect of High Temperature Holding and Ice Storage on Protein, Non-Protein Nitrogen, Water, and Collagen Content of Penaeid Shrimp

Five different sample lots of white shrimp ( Penaeus setiferus ) were divided into two groups. One group was kept at room temperature (23-24 C) and the other on ice until putrid odors began to appear. Protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN), water, and collagen contents were measured initially and when putrid odors began to appear. Initial protein content ranged from 14.04-16.93% and water content ranged from 68.24-77.31% Initial water and protein [(Total Nitrogen - NPN) × 6.25] had the relationship % water = 122.25 - 3.19(% protein), r = 0.998). At 23-24 C the NPN to TN ratio increased significantly (p < 0.01) in two lots and slightly in one lot. In ice stored shrimp NPN and protein nitrogen decreased by an average amount of 50% and 25%, respectively. During ice storage, water content increased significantly in all three lots of shrimp. Initial total collagen content ranged from 6.71-8.83 mg/g with the %soluble ranging from 11.92-45.22%. Soluble collagen increased significantly in two lots and decreased significantly in one lot at both room and ice-storage temperature.
Why Onychomycosis Can Be a Life-Threatening Condition

Onychomycosis is often mistaken by both physicians and patients as being not only a cosmetic entity but also of secondary or tertiary importance in the patient’s list of concerns. This book has strived to show that it is an infection which affects a wide range of patients. It may not present itself as a carbuncle or a circumscribed area of cellulitis, but its simple presence can indicate something more sinister such as the link to carotid atherosclerosis in diabetics or create an environment where a dermatophyte can infect the interdigital space leading to a possible bacterial superinfection [1, 2].
Generalized Self-Energy Embedding Theory

Ab initio quantum chemistry calculations for systems with large active spaces are notoriously difficult and cannot be successfully tackled by standard methods. We generalize a Green’s function QM/QM embedding method called self-energy embedding theory (SEET) that has the potential to be successfully employed to treat large active spaces. In generalized SEET, active orbitals are grouped into intersecting groups of a few orbitals, allowing us to perform multiple parallel calculations yielding results comparable to the full active-space treatment. We examine generalized SEET on a series of examples and discuss a hierarchy of systematically improvable approximations.
Meander cutoffs nonlocally accelerate upstream and downstream migration and channel widening

The hydrologic and sediment dynamics within and near cutoffs have long been studied, establishing them as effective agents of rapid local geomorphic change. However, the morphodynamic impact of individual cutoffs at the reachwide scale remains unknown, mainly due to insufficient observations of channel adjustments over large areal extents and at high temporal frequency. Here we show via annually-resolved, Landsat-derived channel masks of the dynamic meandering Ucayali River in Peru that cutoffs act as perturbations that nonlocally accelerate river migration and drive channel widening both up- and downstream of the cutoff locations. By tracking planform changes of individual meander bends near cutoffs, we find that the downstream distance of cutoff influence scales linearly with the length of the removed reach. The discovery of nonlocal cutoff influence supports the hypothesis of “avalanche”-type behavior in meander cutoff dynamics and presents new challenges in modeling and prediction of rivers’ self-adjusting responses to perturbations.
Combining rhetoric and role-play to introduce and develop patient presentation skills in third year pharmacy students

Abstract Background and purpose To implement a mock rounds activity designed to introduce and develop patient presentation skills in pharmacy students. Educational activity and setting The sample population included third-year pharmacy students enrolled at the University of New Mexico (UNM) and Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) during Fall 2011, 2012, and 2013. A mock rounds activity was developed and implemented in the Pharmaceutical Care Lab setting. Students were assigned an infectious disease case and asked to create an assessment and plan to present orally to an acting preceptor in a small group laboratory setting. Summative assessment of student performance was evaluated using a standardized rubric. Findings A total of 621 students (VCU: 371; UNM: 250) from both universities participated in the mock rounds activity. Data was collected using the rubric. Students scored highest in the areas of respectfulness (94.8% exceeds expectations) and completion time (86.9% exceeds expectations). The lowest ratings were in the areas of logical flow and organization (73.7% exceeds expectations) and ability to answer preceptors’ questions (73.3% exceeds expectations). Discussion and summary A simulated mock rounds activity enabled students to practice patient case presentation skills and receive summative feedback prior to Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences.
Need to Understand the Presence of Uncertainty: Emphasizing Paradoxes as a (Seemingly Paradoxical) Way to Enhance the Learning of (Strict) Mathematics

As we have mentioned, there are two important issues related to uncertainty. First, the students need to understand the very presence of uncertainty – and, thus, the need to take uncertainty into consideration. The ultimate objective of learning is to enable students to make good decisions in their future professional life. In most real-life situations, we make decisions based on imprecise, natural-language descriptions and common sense ideas. As a result, students often do not understand the need for complex mathematics-based techniques in decision making. To understand this need, we need to emphasize the deficiencies of the commonsense approach, we need to explain, to the students, how seemingly reasonable commonsense ideas can inadvertently lead to counter-intuitive erroneous decisions. It is therefore important to emphasize the fact that commonsense treatment of the topics leads to contradictions (paradoxes) and therefore, a more formal treatment is needed.
Responses to fertility treatment among patients with cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Cancer treatments have significant negative impacts on female fertility, but the impact of cancer itself on fertility remains to be clarified. While some studies have shown that compared with healthy women, those with cancer require higher doses of gonadotropins resulting in decreased oocyte yields, others have shown comparable oocyte yields between the two groups. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there is an association between any cancer and/or type of cancer, and response to ovarian stimulation for egg and embryo banking. In this retrospective cohort study, ovarian stimulation cycles performed from June 2007 through October 2014 at a single academic medical center were reviewed to identify those undertaken for women with cancer undergoing fertility preservation (n = 147) or women with no cancer undergoing their first cycle due to male factor infertility (n = 664). Of the 147 women undergoing fertility preservation, 105 had local cancer (Stage I-III solid malignancies) and 42 had systemic cancer (hematologic or Stage IV solid malignancies). Response to ovarian stimulation was compared among these two groups and women with no cancer. Adjusting for age and BMI, women with systemic cancer had lower baseline antral follicle counts (AFC) than women with no cancer or local cancer. Women with systemic cancer required higher doses of FSH than women with no cancer or local cancer, and they had higher oocyte to AFC ratios than women with no cancer or local cancer, but greater odds of cycle cancellation as compared to women with no cancer or local cancer. No significant differences were observed among the three groups for duration of stimulation, number of oocytes and mature oocytes retrieved, or number of embryos created. Women with cancer achieve similar oocyte and embryo yields as women with no cancer, although those with systemic cancer require higher FSH doses and are at greater risk of cycle cancellation.
PET-Computed Tomography Atlas

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality that capitalizes on the fact that pathologic processes are generally highly metabolically active and accumulate more glucose (and FDG) than normal tissue. However, sites of normal metabolic activity can also demonstrate intense FDG uptake and can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from disease activity. Fusion imaging modalities that acquire both functional and correlative anatomic imaging provide an important advantage over PET alone because they allow the accurate anatomic localization of sites of increased FDG activity (1–5). In this chapter, normal sites of FDG activity are correlated with computed tomography (CT) anatomy in images obtained during PET-CT scanning. Examples of pathologic FDG activity are included to illustrate the unique value of this fusion imaging modality in distinguishing normal from pathologic activity.
GEOMETRY OF GROUPS OF LIE TYPE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the way to associate with any group of Lie type, G, a class of incidence structures (P,L), on which G operates as a group of automorphisms, transitive on both P and L. The chapter also discusses some characterizations of these incidence structures. An incidence structure is a pair (P,L) consisting of a set P whose elements are called points, and a set L of distinguished subsets of P called lines. (P,L) is said to be thick if every line has at least three points. The point graph of (P,L) is the graph (P,Δ) with Δ being the collection of collinear pairs of points.
Ecology: Megaherbivores Homogenize the Landscape of Fear

Summary When herbivores avoid areas with high predation risk, the intensity of plant consumption and nutrient deposition is distributed unevenly across landscapes. Experimental work in African savanna ecosystems shows that the biggest herbivores, virtually immune to predators, smooth out these imbalances.
Roles of Macrophages and Astrocytes in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Macrophages/microglia and astrocytes are two major resident cells within the human central nervous system, and play significant roles in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). As immune cells, macrophage/microglia are involved in destruction of the myelin sheath, and lipid-laden macrophages are the hallmark of inflammatory demyelination. The astrocytes, as a main component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), are significantly involved in preservation of the BBB, inflammatory demyelination, neuronal degeneration, and repair mechanisms of MS. Meticulous analysis of the existing knowledge of their roles in pathogenesis will guide us towards a better understanding of the fundamental pathogenic mechanisms of inflammatory demyelination and remyelination.
Ideological figuration in Rohmer’s first two Moral Tales: ‘voice of memory’, clinamen of the image, and colonial fantasies

ABSTRACTOn the surface, Rohmer’s first two Moral Tales deal with romantic episodes in the lives of young people. As with his other works, here the director does not make explicit his political point of view. In this paper, the author shows how Rohmer’s construction of these stories functions as a compensatory figuration through which he could cope with the historical problems of his time, namely the Algerian War, which weighed heavily on him both professionally and intellectually in his position as editor in chief of Cahiers du cinema. The author analyses how the formal construction of these two films reflects the ideological framework projected onto them, particularly through Rohmer’s use of memorial perspective (in the form of voice-over) that drives the stories, both told as youthful memories. At the same time, the author shows how this ideology intertwines with a self-deconstructive agency able to undo the coherent production of meaning. This reading shows how Rohmer’s depiction of relationships betwe...
Geospatial data mining for digital raster mapping

We performed an in-depth literature survey to identify the most popular data mining approaches that have been applied for raster mapping of ecological parameters through the use of Geographic Infor...
Na x CoO 2 phase stability and hierarchical orderings in the O3/P3 structure family

The operation of Na-ion batteries is closely linked to the occurrence of phase transitions and Na ordering within the electroactive materials of their electrodes. We performed a first-principles study of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ ($0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1$) to establish phase stability among O3, P3, O1, and staged hybrid O1-O3 host structures and to determine low-energy Na orderings within each host. We predict several staircases of ground-state orderings, many of which are found to remain ordered at room temperature. At high Na content, the ground states belong to a family of vacancy row orderings in O3 with distorted ${\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ layers. In P3, where the available Na sites form a honeycomb network, we discover three families of hierarchical ground-state orderings at intermediate compositions that essentially consist of domains of the $x=1/2$ ground state periodically separated by antiphase boundaries. Our results agree with the experimentally reported voltage profile and the observed changes in stacking sequence with Na concentration.
Design of Stretchable and Self-Healing Gel Electrolytes via Fully Zwitterionic Polymer Networks in Solvate Ionic Liquids for Li-Based Batteries

An emerging class of ion-dense electrolytes consisting of complexed lithium cations and weakly basic anions, known as solvate ionic liquids, possess many desirable attributes for lithium-based elec...
The potential tropical island distribution of a temperate invasive snail, Oxychilus alliarius , modeled on its distribution in Hawaii

Oceanic islands typically have very high levels of indigenous snail biodiversity when compared with continental land masses. The predatory snail Oxychilus alliarius, which has already been introduced to many places around the world, including some island groups, may have the potential to cause major declines in indigenous snails where it is established. Here we present the four best of 36 models that use O. alliarius presence and absence data from the Hawaiian Islands of Maui and Hawaii to estimate habitat suitability on the six largest Hawaiian Islands, validating the estimates based on known distributions of O. alliarius on the other four islands (Molokai, Lanai, Oahu and Kauai). These models were further validated with data from four other islands around the world to which O. alliarius has been introduced. They were then applied to 31 tropical and subtropical islands and island groups around the world, on which O. alliarius has not been recorded, to predict the extent of suitable habitat on those islands and thus the potential for O. alliarius establishment should it be introduced. The results showed that there are islands with suitable O. alliarius habitat in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and in the Caribbean Sea, and that the four models make slightly different predictions based on which environmental variables they use. The models indicate that there is still a large amount of area on islands supporting indigenous snail species that is suitable for establishment of O. alliarius.
Liturgy, Space, and Community in the Basilica Julii (Santa Maria in Trastevere)

The Basilica Julii (also known as titulus Callisti and later as Santa Maria in Trastevere) provides a case study of the physical and social conditions in which early Christian liturgies 'rewired' their participants. This paper demonstrates that liturgical transformation was a two-way process, in which liturgy was the object as well as the agent of change. Three essential factors - the liturgy of the Eucharist, the space of the early Christian basilica, and the local Christian community - are described as they existed in Rome from the fourth through the ninth centuries. The essay then takes up the specific case of the Basilica Julii, showing how these three factors interacted in the concrete conditions of a particular titular church. The basilica's early Christian liturgical layout endured until the ninth century, when it was reconfigured by Pope Gregory IV (827-844) to bring the liturgical sub-spaces up-to-date. In Pope Gregory's remodeling the original non-hierarchical layout was replaced by one in which celebrants were elevated above the congregation, women were segregated from men, and higher-ranking lay people were accorded places of honor distinct from those of lesser stature. These alterations brought the Basilica Julii in line with the requirements of the ninth-century papal stational liturgy. The stational liturgy was hierarchically organized from the beginning, but distinctions became sharper in the course of the early Middle Ages in accordance with the expansion of papal authority and changes in lay society. Increasing hierarchization may have enhanced the transformational power of the Eucharist, or impeded it. On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
Genetic innovations and our understanding of stillbirth.

Stillbirth after 20 weeks gestation happens in 1 in 200 pregnancies and occurs more commonly than neonatal loss and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDs) combined. The stillbirth rate is several times greater in low as opposed to high-resource countries. However, among high-resource countries, although a lower overall stillbirth rate exists, there has been little change for several decades. Molecular genetic technologies are emerging as important contributors to our understanding of stillbirth. Initially, genetic etiologies included alterations in chromosome number or structure such as aneuploidy and microduplications and deletions. More recently, next-generation sequencing analysis in two genetic conditions, Smith Lemli Optiz Syndrome (SLOs) and the channelopathy disorders (such as long QT syndrome (LQTS)) provide examples into the association of pathogenic gene variants with stillbirth. Although these specific conditions individually account for only a small number of stillbirths, investigating these disorders provides a new and innovative approach for further understanding genetic contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our knowledge of the role of genetic disease as an etiology for stillbirth is elementary. Genomic interrogation of maternal–fetal genotypes, gene–gene, and genotype–environment interaction is lacking in stillbirth research. At the DNA sequence level, further investigation of variants of unknown significance is an opportunity for exploration of biologic pathways of importance to pregnancy loss. This review concentrates on SLO as an example of a single gene disorder with a high carrier but low affected liveborn proband rate. The channelopathy disorders are included as initial examples of genetic conditions with variable presentation including an association with sudden infant death syndrome. Highlighted are the challenges when numerous genes and variants are involved, and the task of assigning pathogenicity. The advantages and limitations of genetic evaluations are presented and avenues for further research considered.
Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome to reduce warm ischemic injury in donation after circulatory death heart.

While the donation after circulatory death (DCD) heart transplantation is an emerging clinical practice, the primary source of donor hearts for transplantation remains donation after brain death (DBD) donors. DCD process induces formation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key mediator of inflammation-driven damage to heart. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome formation could be protective to DCD hearts. Five groups (n = 8 each) of mice were studied-control beating heart donor (CBD) wild-type (WT), DCD WT, CBD NLRP3 knockout (KO), DCD NLRP3 KO, and DCD WT NLRP3 inhibitor group. Hearts were procured and reanimated on a Langendorff system to assess physiologic parameters and then for molecular assays. NLRP3 inhibitor (50 µmol/L) was administered to the DCD-NLRP3 inhibitor group at reanimation. Tissue NLRP3 levels were 80% higher in the DCD WT group compared with the CBD-WT group. Caspase-1 activity was significantly elevated in DCD WT but not in KO or NLRP3 inhibitor groups. The developed pressures and ±dP/dt were significantly impaired in the DCD WT group compared with the CBD-WT group, P < .05, but were well preserved in DCD-NLRP3 inhibitor group. The DCD process activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, contributing to myocardial damage and dysfunction. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition limits myocardial injury and preserves DCD heart function.
Pedagogic Value of 'Derivational Morphology' for Vocabulary Enhancement

To speak and understand English requires control over a wide range of vocabulary. The basic nature of English vocabulary is cosmopolitan in the sense that it is a lexically mixed language. Its unique quality is its capacity to indefinitely borrow foreign words and assimilate them into its phonetic and orthographic structure. A brief glance at the English vocabulary in terms of its growth and change of meaning diachronically can demonstrate that teachers of English cannot take words for granted. In fact, an efficient, effective ESL teacher ought to be good at the morphology of English so that they can facilitate learners to enhance their word power. One of the learner needs is the strategies to improve their vocabulary. At the same time, teachers cannot deliver what they lack. They should first of all have a clear insight into how English words have been and are being formed through various processes. This paper aims at demonstrating some processes of word formation in English that can be clubbed together under the rubric ‘derivation’ as opposed to ‘inflection.’ Modern English is, after all, called a derivational language.
Instantaneous response of the QT interval to heart rate change in patients with type-1 long QT syndrome

Genotyping is considered the most reliable tool to identify the presence of the long QT syndrome (LQTS) but genetic testing captures only 75% of phenotypically affected LQTS individuals, and negative test in a phenotype-positive patient does not rule out the presence of the syndrome. Also, these tests do not fully capture an individual risk to life-threatening arrhythmias that is modulated by exogenous factors. The surface electrocardiogram (ECG) is an investigational tool that could provide insights into the integrated functional defects associated with LQTS mutations. We designed a method to visualize and quantify the dynamic features of the QT interval that is known to play a crucial role in the triggering of arrhythmias in these patients. The method is applied to a set of 24-hour Holter recordings acquired in 195 healthy individuals and 68 genotyped LQTS patients from the Telemetric and Holter ECG Warehouse (THEW) project. The technique provides a three dimensional representation of the instantaneous adaptation of the QT interval across heart rate and across the spectrum of autonomic states recorded during the ambulatory Holter ECG. Our results provide a description of the “normal” range of values of instantaneous response of QT to HR changes and confirm the presence of abnormal regulation of the QT interval in LQT-1 patients which revealed to be specific to the location of their mutation in the KCNQ1 channel.
Evaluation of UF{sub 6}-to-UO{sub 2} conversion capability at commercial nuclear fuel fabrication facilities.

This report examines the capabilities of existing commercial nuclear fuel fabrication facilities to convert depleted uranium hexafluoride (UF{sub 6}) to uranium oxide (UO{sub 2}). The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) needs this information to determine whether using such capacity to convert DOE's inventory of depleted UF{sub 6} to a more stable form is a reasonable alternative that should be considered in the site-specific environmental impact statement for construction and operation of depleted UF{sub 6} conversion facilities. Publicly available information sources were consulted to ascertain the information summarized in this report. For domestic facilities, the information summarized includes currently operating capacity to convert depleted UF{sub 6} to UO{sub 2}; transportation distances from depleted UF{sub 6} storage locations near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Portsmouth, Ohio, and Paducah, Kentucky, to the facilities; and regulatory requirements applicable to nuclear fuel fabrication and transportation of depleted UF{sub 6}. The report concludes that the total currently operating capability of U.S. commercial nuclear fuel fabricators to convert UF{sub 6} to UO{sub 2} is approximately 5,200 metric tons of UF{sub 6} per annum (tUF{sub 6}/a). This total includes 666 tUF{sub 6}/a scheduled for shutdown by the end of 2001. However, only about 300 tUF{sub 6}/a of this capacity couldmore » be confirmed as being possibly available to DOE. The report also provides some limited descriptions of the capabilities of foreign fuel fabrication plants to convert UF{sub 6} to uranium oxide forms.« less
The Ersatz Brain Project: A Brain-Like Computer Architecture for Cognition

The Ersatz Brain Project develops programming techniques and software applications for a brain-like computing system. Its brain-like hardware architecture design is based on a select set of ideas taken from the anatomy of mammalian neo-cortex. In common with other such attempts it is based on a massively parallel, two-dimensional array of CPUs and their associated memory. The design used in this project: 1) Uses an approximation to cortical computation called the network of networks which holds that the basic computing unit in the cortex is not a single neuron but groups of neurons working together in attractor networks; 2) Assumes connections and data representations in cortex are sparse; 3) Makes extensive use of local lateral connections and topographic data representations, and 4) Scales in a natural way from small groups of neurons to the entire cortical regions. The resulting system computes effectively using techniques such as local data movement, sparse data representation, sparse connectivity, temporal coincidence, and the formation of discrete â€œmodule assemblies.â€ The authors discuss recent neuroscience in relation to their physiological assumptions and a set of experiments displaying what appear to be â€œconcept-likeâ€ ensemble based cells in human cortex.
Seasonality ofOrmia depletaand Limits to Its Spread

Abstract Ormia depleta (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tachinidae), a South American fly that homes on the calling songs of its hosts, was brought from Piracicaba, Brazil; colonized; and released in Florida for the biological control of Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets. It became established at some release sites and rapidly spread through most of peninsular Florida. The seasonal distributions of phonotactic females in Florida differed from the single summer peak recorded at Rio Claro and Piracicaba, Brazil (23° S). Near Bradenton (27° N), spring and fall peaks with a summer hiatus were quickly established and remain evident. At two sites near Gainesville (30° N), a strong fall peak and a modest-to-none spring peak developed. Peaks of phonotactic females seem to follow times of peak host availability and sometimes coincide with minima of host availability. Limits to geographical expansion of O. depleta are poorly understood. At Gainesville, the site of earliest introduction, establishment was rapid and soundtrap catches increased for the first 3 years, exceeding 1000 per year at one site. Catches then declined for 3 years, almost reaching zero in 1994. On the other hand, annual sound-trap catches of O. depleta at Bradenton exceeded 1000 in O. depleta 's increase than during its decline. Perhaps mild winters cause the flies to become active early—only to starve for lack of adequate winter nectar sources. O. depleta may yet spread to the northern limits of its Scapteriscus hosts as present populations adapt to new environments. Or farther spread may require that new strains be introduced from more southerly sites in South America.
Criminal and Noncriminal Sexual Aggressors

In contrast to widely held beliefs, I suggest that research conducted with either criminal or noncriminal samples of sexually aggressive men actually reveals many similar characteristics shared by both groups. The Hierarchical-Mediational Confluence (HMC) model is presented here to integrate these findings. As relatively distal risk factors, it includes personality and behavioral characteristics associated with psychopaths and predictive of antisocial behavior generally. As more proximate risk factors, it includes personality and behavioral characteristics specifically associated with sexual aggression, such as attitudes condoning sexual aggression, dominance for sexual arousal, and heavy pornography consumption. In addition, the model predicts that the interactive combination of the various risk factors results in higher sexual aggression than expected by the additive combination of these risk factors, a prediction similar to the distinction between "primary" and "secondary" psychopaths. A series of studies supporting the HMC model is presented. Finally, some differences between criminal and noncriminal sexual aggressors are also noted. In particular, criminal sexual aggressors have often committed various other antisocial acts in addition to sexual aggression. In contrast, noncriminals primarily reveal only some elevation in personality characteristics potentiating such nonsexual antisocial behaviors, but report having committed only sexual aggression.
A Computer Algorithm for a Class of Periodic Optimization Problems

A gradient algorithm is presented for the periodic optimization of a class of bilinear systems. The algorithm is applied to two classes of periodic optimization problems which have appeared in the literature, including a problem in the control of a solar energy system. Both first-order and second-order gradient options are presented.
Forbes, Edward (1815–1854)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Forbes, Edward (distribution and depth zonation of invertebrates); Dredging committee
Modeling the Structural Consequences of BEST1 Missense Mutations

Mutations in the bestrophin-1 gene (BEST1) are an important cause of inherited retinal disorders. Hitherto, over 100 unique allelic variants have been linked to the human BEST1 (hBEST1), and associated with disease phenotypes, broadly termed as bestrophinopathies. A spontaneous animal model recapitulating BEST1-related phenotypes, canine multifocal retinopathy (cmr), is caused by mutations in the canine gene ortholog (cBEST1). We have recently characterized molecular consequences of cmr, demonstrating defective protein trafficking as a result of G161D (cmr2) mutation. To further investigate the pathological effects of BEST1 missense mutations, canine and human peptide fragments derived from the protein sequence have been studied in silico as models for early events in the protein folding. The results showed that G161D as well as I201T substitutions cause severe conformational changes in the structure of bestrophin-1, suggesting protein misfolding as an underlying disease mechanism. The comparative modeling studies expand our insights into BEST1 pathogenesis.
A War of Words

Throughout history man has preoccupied and engaged himself in war to resolve his differences with other men. From Homer to present day crises’ like the war in Afghanistan or the conflict in Iraq, honor or the lack there of has often led to armed confrontation. However, before either party ever strikes, one can be sure that both parties will attack one another in a war of words before their differences become physical. Once they’ve reached an impasse, language continues to play an important role in their struggle to out do one another. It became a weapon of propaganda used to psychologically manipulate and control human minds. In World War II Germany often propagandized by telling its populace that complete victory would soon be theirs. Though many belligerents and their opponents use this type of propaganda, today, national leaders use language to soften the impact and effect that the reality of war might otherwise produce.Carol Cohn’s essay “Wars Wimps and Women” supports, with concrete examples, the idea that language can psychologically soften or hide the reality of war. Cohn shows how the age-old male superiority dogma has effectively inhibited any formal discussion of the inhuman consequence of war by defense intellectuals. She describes instance after instance of gender discourse that suggests that the use of manly language is a more appropriate dialog.