cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CULTURES FROM THE BLOOD In SEPTICÆMIA, PNEUMONIA, MENINGITIS AND CHRONIC DISEASES

Our conclusions from the literature and our own experiments may be summarized as follows: I. Blood for bacteriological examination during life should be taken directly from the veins and in considerable quantity. II. Resorption of toxines is the most important feature in cases of sepsis; pyogenie bacteria invade the general circulation in a rather small proportion even of severe eases, and, as a rule, late in the course of the disease. III. A general infection by the pnenmococcus can be demonstrated occasionally in the late stages of acute lobar pneumonia. IV. The value of blood cultures as a means of diagnosis in obscure cases of sepsis is limited by the fact that invasion of the blood by the specific organism cannot be demonstrated during life in the majority of cases. Positive cultures are very valuable; negative cultures do not exclude local septic infections. V. The detection of specific bacteria in the blood of cases of sepsis and of pneumonia gives a very unfavorable prognosis in most cases. VI. General terminal infections with pyogenic cocci occasionally occur as an immediate cause of death in chronic disease. Local infections processes play this part more frequently. VII. As far as our experiments have shown, invasion of the blood by bacteria during the death agony, with subsequent distribution of the genus to the organs by the circulation, is a rather uncommon occurrence. VIII. Owing to the relative infrequency of agonal invasion, we believe that in the majority of cases where the autopsy is performed promptly after death, the bacteria which are found in the organs succeeded in reaching these organs previously to the death agony, and are associated with the course of the disease. IX. The presence of bacteria in the organs of late autopsies is due in many cases to post-mortem extension from one organ to another, and in some cases to the post-mortem growth of small numbers of genus which were distributed to the organs by means of the circulation.
Gaseous Detonations. XII. Rotational Temperatures of the Hydroxyl Free Radicals

An apparatus is briefly described which permits the photography of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the hydroxyl free radicals in gaseous detonation waves with a time resolution of a few microseconds. Using two mixtures, 2H2+O2 and 2H2+O2+0.075 C2H2 at 20 mm pressure, changes were studied in the absorption spectra with the progress of chemical reactions in a detonation wave. Densitometry of the absorption lines in the R2 branch of the O–O band in the 2Σ+→2π transition, combined with the use of the iso‐intensity method, showed that the ``rotational temperatures'' of the radicals in their ground electronic state are initially much higher than the ``translational temperatures'' calculated from the experimentally observed and elsehere reported density‐time curves in detonation waves of similar gas mixtures. After the completion of the reactions and the attainment of the Chapman‐Jouguet state the rotational temperature was found to be slightly lower than the calculated equilibrium temperature, which is a...
Sketching curves with immediate feedback

Computer-based drawing is important for applications ranging from sketching for illustration and design to signature capture for identity verification. While digital input devices typically provide a sequence of digitized points, applications often require input in the form of a parametric curve. Unfortunately, current methods for fitting curves to points can be complex, often require significant preprocessing of the digitized points, and can fail, especially when the path of the input points is complicated and self-intersecting. In addition, current methods typically require a full sequence of digitized points (e.g., all of the points recorded by a digital pen between pen-down and pen-up events) prior to determining any portion of the curve. This forces applications to draw an approximation of the curve until the full sequence is available (e.g., Adobe Illustrator draws the digitized points, while Microsoft's PowerPoint draws a polyline connecting the digitized points) and may result in a noticeable delay between the pen-up event and curve generation and/or a noticeable shape change when the generated curve replaces the approximation.
An Open Source performance tools software suite for scientific computing

With the rapid replacement of closed, homogeneous, proprietary HPC systems by heterogeneous, Linux-MPI cluster systems, the state of performance monitoring and analysis tools has become a cause for concern. Proprietary systems, despite their drawbacks, provided consistent tools of high quality. Modern Linux cluster systems, on the other hand, benefit from a wide variety of Open Source tools in differing stages of evolution. Recognizing that Linux clusters are here to stay, SiCortex has taken a unique approach of integrating and enhancing Open Source tools into a production-quality suite. Further, as a tribute to the unrewarded Open Source community developers and for more pragmatic reasons, such as long-term sustainability, changes made to the tools are fed upstream to the original tool developers. In this paper, we present an overview of the SiCortex tools' suite, and some of the challenges and successes we had in the process of realizing it. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wittig Reactions Initiated by Dealkylative Decarboxylation

Abstract A rapid procedure allowing routine olefinations to be achieved with minimal experimental difficulty could prove highly useful. Wittig reagents with their limited shelf life due to oxygen and moisture sensitivity cannot readily be stored. We would like to here disclose a stable, easily prepared reagent which requires only a thermolysis to serve as a convenient in situ source of phosphorus ylide.
Underground Gas Storage: Opposing Rights and Interests

Pipeline companies use an underground gas storage system during the summer to store gas for the higher winter demand and permit a higher operating efficiency. The author reports how courts have resolved some of the legal issues involved in the underground storage of gas, examines relevant statues, and notes some undecided problems that remain. Storage companies, landowners and mineral owners, and the state all have different, but interrelated interests which must be balanced to reach an equitable solution. The review, which covers both federal law and state statutes for Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma, focuses on property rights and eminent domain issues as they are affected by the range of values placed on property rights by the states and the courts.
Monocular feature-based periodic motion estimation for surgical guidance

In this paper, we present a novel approach for mapping periodically moving visual features with a monocular camera. Our target application is the estimation of moving surfaces during minimally invasive surgery for the purpose of aiding in the guidance of surgical tools. Our approach uses a bank of Kalman filters to estimate FFT parameters that encode the periodic motion of visually detected features. To ensure convergent estimation for this highly nonlinear problem, we have developed an iterative update procedure that treats the Kalman filter measurement update step as an optimization problem. Unlike existing solutions that rely on stereo vision, our approach estimates periodic motion with a single moving camera. With an experiment involving a beating heart phantom, we have shown that our approach is able to successfully estimate the periodic motion of visual features.
Reducing terminal slot contention by applying set theory to the integrated waveform (DAMA UHF SATCOM)

The Integrated Waveform (DAMA UHF SATCOM), specified in MIL-STD-188-181C/182B/183B/185A, defines a TDMA communication system in an attempt to improve satellite bandwidth utilization over conventional SATCOM waveforms. To overcome some of the limitations of statically defined user communications (UCOM) services in MIL-STD-188-183A, the flexibility to assign services nearly anywhere within a frame was introduced in MIL-STD-188-183B. Unfortunately, though the flexibility to locate services in nearly any location within a channel has the ability to greatly improve bandwidth utilization, the benefits of this feature have a tendency to be greatly diminished, especially for half-duplex terminals, by limitations attributable to terminal slot contention. Fortunately, through the efficient allocation and relocation of Downlink and Uplink support services, it becomes possible for the IW Network Management System to minimize the system performance impact due to terminal slot contention by allowing the allocation of UCOM services wherever necessary to achieve optimal satellite channel utilization. This paper will discuss the application of set theory to the allocation of Downlink and Uplink support services within a TDMA communications system to reduce the impact of slot contention and improve the utilization of satellite bandwidth.
Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and European Association for the Study of the Liver Criteria Using Delayed-Phase Imaging at an Early Time Point Predict Survival in Patients with Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma following Yttrium-90 Radioembolization

Abstract Purpose To investigate early imaging prognostic factors in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) refractory to standard chemotherapy after yttrium-90 ( 90 Y) radioembolization therapy. Materials and Methods In an institutional review board–approved prospective correlative study, 21 consecutive patients with ICC refractory to standard chemotherapy underwent 90 Y radioembolization therapy. Target and overall Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST), modified RECIST (mRECIST), and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) treatment responses were assessed. The mRECIST and EASL criteria were modified for application on delayed phases of dynamic contrast-enhanced cross-sectional imaging studies. Conventional definitions for complete and partial response were applied; these responses comprised objective response. Restaging imaging was obtained at 1- and 3-month intervals until patient death. Survival analyses by Kaplan–Meier and log-rank proportional models including application of the landmark method to avoid lead-time bias were performed from the day of treatment. Significance was set at P Results Median overall survival (OS) from the time of 90 Y therapy was 16.3 months (95% confidence interval, 7.2–25.4 mo). Significant differences between mRECIST and EASL versus RECIST were found when categorizing patients into responders and nonresponders ( P P = .005 and P = .001, respectively) at 3 months. RECIST was not found to correlate with survival at 1- or 3-month follow-up. Conclusions Modified target mRECIST and EASL criteria that employ delayed-phase contrast enhancement at 3 months after 90 Y radioembolization therapy for ICC predicted OS. RECIST did not correlate with survival.
Antigenicity and chemical composition of an enzymatic digest of elastin.

Abstract Bovine ligamentum nuchae elastin, after solubilization by pancreatic elastase, was dialyzed and fractionated on a column of DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The resulting fractions were analyzed for their component amino acids. The first fraction eluted had the greatest average peptide chain length and 87% of its residues as the three nonpolar amino acids-glycine, valine, and proline in the ratio 2:2:1, with insignificant amounts of the polar amino acids and cross-linking agents. It was found not to have any antigenic sites. Another fraction which was the major component of the digest contained the cross-links in an amount three times that found in complete elastin but was only weakly antigenic. The fraction with the greatest antigenicity was found to be enriched in polar amino acids and tyrosine; it also contained 7% carbohydrate as glucose and 50% lipid.
The charasome periplasmic space

Charasome structure, with special attention to the periplasmic space, is examined using various techniques. The periplasmic space appears electron lucent in sections stained with 2% aqueous uranyl acetate and lead citrate. When sections are stained with saturated methanolic uranyl acetate a densely staining central core can be seen within the periplasmic space. The region surrounding the core does not stain. If tannic acid is added to the fixative and rinse solutions during preparation of the tissue for TEM, the entire periplasmic space becomes stained. This space appears to be filled with a fine granular material. Charasomes prepared in this way appear as negatives of those stained with uranyl acetate. The periplasmic space does not contain polysaccharides of the type havingvic-glycol groups, as indicated by lack of staining by the silver methenamine technique.
Toluene effects on the motor activity of adolescent, young-adult, middle-age and senescent male Brown Norway rats

Abstract Life stage is an important risk factor for toxicity. Children and aging adults, for example, are more susceptible to certain chemicals than are young adults. In comparison to children, relatively little is known about susceptibility in older adults. Additionally, few studies have compared toxicant susceptibility across a broad range of life stages. Results are presented for behavioral evaluations of male Brown Norway rats obtained as adolescents (1 month), or young (4 months), middle-age (12 months) and senescent (24 months) adults. Motor activity was evaluated in photocell devices during 30-min sessions. Age-related baseline characteristics and sensitivity to toluene (0, 300, 650, or 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) were determined. In Experiment 1, young-adult, middle-age and senescent rats were treated with corn-oil vehicle before five weekly test sessions. Baselines of horizontal and vertical activity decreased with age, but each age-group's averages remained stable across weeks of testing. Baseline activity of older rats was more variable than that of the young adults; older rats were also more variable individually from week to week. Toluene (1000 mg/kg) increased horizontal activity proportionately more in senescent rats (ca. 300% of control) than in middle-age or young-adult rats (ca.145–175% of control). Experiment 2 established toluene dose-effect functions in individual adolescent, young-adult, middle-age and senescent rats; each rat received all treatments, counterbalanced across four weekly sessions. Toluene produced dose-related increases in horizontal activity that increased proportionately with age. Experiment 3 replicated the effects of toluene (1000 mg/kg) in Experiment 1, showing that toluene-induced increases in horizontal activity were greatest in the oldest rats. Collectively, the results show that aging increased susceptibility to toluene and also increased variability in toluene response. Given the rapid growth of the aged population, further research is needed on aging-related susceptibility to environmental contaminants.
The role of catecholamines in central antidiuretic and pressor mechanisms

Abstract Angiotensin II (AII), when delivered intraventricularly (IVT) produces an increase in blood pressure and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In the experiments reported here we have investigated the role of central catecholamines in these responses. After central 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment IVT, AII was less effective in producing a blood pressure increase or ADH release. Similar responses to IVT carbachol were also inhibited. Pressor responses to IVT phenylephrine were not significantly changed after 6-OHDA treatment although ADH release was decreased. In further analysis, both a dopamine blocker, haloperidol, and phentolamine, an α-adrenergic blocker inhibited the pressor response but not ADH release to IVT AII. Both effects may be explained by α-adrenergic blockade. Dopamine IVT alone was ineffective in producing either ADH release or a blood pressure increase and phenylephrine in high doses produced both effects. We conclude that noradrenergic mechanisms may be important as a common mediator of central sympathetic outflow. The ADH release produced by AII and carbachol may be by direct action of periventricular receptors which can be damaged non-specifically by 6-OHDA.
Adhesive and migratory behavior of normal and sulfate-deficient sea urchin cells in vitro

Abstract Dissociated cells from different stage embryos of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus were compared in their adhesion to various substrates. Micromeres from 16-cell stage embryos bind to tissue culture and Petri dishes but not to Petri dishes coated with human plasma fibronectin. Other cell types did not adhere to any of the substrates tested. By hatched blastula stage, about 28% of the cells adhered to fibronectin as well as to tissue culture dishes. By the mesenchyme blastula stage, there was a further increase in the proportion of cells adhering to these substrates. At no stage did cells adhere to native rat tail collagen. Primary mesenchymal cells were isolated by their selective adhesion to tissue culture dishes in the presence of horse serum. These cells were then examined for their migratory capacity. Cell spreading and migration followed adhesion and occurred on fibronectin but not on the other substrates tested. Based on analysis of video tapes, greater than 60% of these cells moved faster than 1 μm/min. On the other hand, cells from sulfate-deprived embryos, in which primary mesenchyme migration is blocked in situ, failed to spread and migrated little on the same substratum. This defect was reversed by a 6 h pretreatment of the cells in normal sea water. Thus, the in vitro migratory behavior parallels that observed in vivo. These results support the hypothesis that the primary mesenchymal cells produce a sulfate-dependent component that is required for cell spreading and migration.
The Atmospheres of Titan and the Galilean Satellites

The stability of various atmospheres on Titan and the Galilean satellites is examined relative to escape. One method consists of the comparison of exospheric temperature and a blow-off temperature defined for the various constituents. Another method consists of the evaluation of outflow based on a polytropic model. Hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, and neon atmospheres are examined. It is found that the Jovian satellites require heavier gases if they are to have any but very tenuous atmospheres, since all constituents examined are unstable. Nitrogen is stable on Titan, but methane and neon are marginally stable. Hydrogen is extremely unstable as a major constituent. As a minor constituent it is rapidly lost from Titan's thermosphere and must be replenished by outgassing or dissociation of a hydrogen compound, if the presently observed hydrogen content on Titan is not a transient occurrence. The rate of loss may be limited by diffusion, but could be augmented by vertical convection.
Factors Related to Emotional Responses in School-aged Children Who Have Asthma

A systematic review of the literature was performed to answer the following questions (a) What factors contribute to the emotional responses of school-age children who have asthma? (b) What are the potential gaps in the literature regarding the emotional responses of school-age children (ages 6-12) who have asthma? (c) Are children with a lower socioeconomic status (SES) and those who are minorities represented in the literature proportionate to their prevalence? Two main focus areas regarding emotional responses were identified: (a) factors related to children who have asthma and (b) factors related to caregivers of children who have asthma. Internalizing disorders were reported consistently for children and caregivers of children who have asthma. Negative consequences of asthma for children included panic and asthma attacks, missed school days, and behavioral problems. Issues for caregivers included higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, asthma management deficits, and lower caregiver warmth and involvement. Gaps in the literature included separated studies for children ages 6-12, a lack of a standardized method to define SES, studies that were of a more experimental nature, and a disparate number of studies of minority children and caregivers relative to their asthma prevalence.
Lysosomal proteinases in muscle tissue and leukocytes of meat animals

Carboxypeptidases A and B, cathepsins B, D and E, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 1 and collagenase were extracted from bovine and porcine leukocyte lysosomes and diaphragm muscle lysosomes with 4% n-butyl alcohol in dry ice and various chemical properties were studied. The enzymes were classified by their specific activities with different substrates, pH optima, energies of activation and the influence of inhibitors and stimulators. Cathepsins D and E were the most active proteases studied and all enzymes were more active in leukocytes than in sediments from muscle tissue. The properties of these enzymes, compared with enzymes from other sources, and their possible involvement in meat tenderness are discussed.
Fecal steroid monitoring for assessing gonadal and adrenal activity in the golden eagle and peregrine falcon.

We examined the efficacy of noninvasive monitoring of endocrine function via fecal steroid immunoassays in the golden eagle and peregrine falcon. High-pressure liquid chromatography analyses of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) revealed that minor percentages of immunoreactive fGCM co-eluted with [3H]corticosterone in both sexes of the eagle (2.5–2.7%) and falcon (7.5–11.9%). In contrast, most fecal estrogen metabolites in eagle and falcon females co-eluted with radiolabeled estradiol-17β ([3H]; 57.6, 64.6%, respectively) or estrone ([3H]; 26.9, 4.1%, respectively). Most fecal progestin metabolite immunoreactivity in the female eagle (24.8%) and falcon (21.7%) co-eluted with progesterone ([14C]). Most fecal androgen metabolite immunoreactivity in eagle (55.8%) and falcon (63.7%) males co-eluted with testosterone ([14C]). Exogenous adrenocorticotropin hormone induced increased fGCM excretion above pre-treatment in both species, but only significantly (P < 0.05) in the eagle. Both species showed increased fGCM after saline administration, suggesting the detection of ‘handling stress.’ Both species exhibited enterohepatic and renal recirculation of administered steroids as demonstrated by biphasic and triphasic excretion patterns. Thus, noninvasive fecal hormone monitoring is a valid and promising tool for assessing gonadal and adrenal status in rare and threatened birds-of-prey.
LIMS and quality audits of a quality control laboratory

Abstract Conti, T.J., 1992. LIMS and quality audits of a quality control laboratory. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems: Laboratory Information Management , 17: 301–304. The discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) began long before the first LIMS was ever installed. Even now, conclusions about the cost and benefits of a LIMS vary from laboratory to laboratory. In our organization, LIMS benefits and costs also have had mixed reviews. One area, however, where the benefits of a LIMS were initially underestimated, is the solid documentation for quality control efforts in the laboratory. This benefit manifests itself as a high level of customer satisfaction in the laboratory's ability to monitor, control and document its results. Before I discuss the laboratory information system that we use in Miles' Polyurethane Quality Assurance Department in New Martinsville, WV, I will provide some background about the operation.
Some characterizations of the bivariate normal distribution

In this note assuming the conditional normality of one component of a bivariate random vector given the value of the other component some characterizations of the joint normality of the random vector are given.
Early adolescent marijuana use: risks for the transition to young adulthood.

Background. This study assessed the relationship of early adolescent marijuana use to performance of developmental tasks integral to the transition to young adulthood. The tasks concerned intimacy, education, and work and social conformity. Methods. African American (N = 617) and Puerto Rican (N = 531) youths completed questionnaires in their classrooms. Five years later they were individually interviewed. Logistic regression analysis estimated the increased likelihood that early marijuana users would make an inadequate transition to young adult social roles. Results. Analyses examining the association between early marijuana use and 20 outcome variables found significant relationships for 10 of them: (a) having lower educational and occupational expectations; (b) being suspended or expelled from school, fired from jobs, 'high' at school or work, collecting welfare; and (c) rebelliousness, not participating in productive activities, not attending church, and being an unmarried parent. Marijuana use was not related to any of the intimate relationship measures. These finding emerged with controls on gender, ethnicity, age and mother's education. Conclusions. Among African Americans and Puerto Ricans, early marijuana use predicts less adequate performance on some developmental tasks integral to becoming an independent young adult. Marijuana is not a benign drug and is associated with future risks for the individual and society at large.
Estimating Functions in Chaotic Systems

Abstract Berliner considered Bayesian and likelihood-based approaches for estimation and prediction in a chaotic system with measurement error. This article proposes the use of estimating functions for this problem. Logistic and exponential maps are analyzed. Estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. Small-sample behavior is studied with simulations.
Rectification of refractively distorted imagery acquired through the sea surface: an image algebra formation

A deformation-tolerant method of rectifying imagery distorted by refraction at an arbitrarily-corrugated ocean surface is presented which employs spatial transformations expressed in terms of the Image Algebra (IA). Derived from concepts of set theory and functional mapping inherent in abstract mathematics the IA exhibits advantages of clear concise formulation and inherent parallelism. In this study a ray-tracing model of ocean optical propagation is derived from physical relationships among optical system parameters sea surface topography and sensed object features. Theory specific to extraction of sea topography via LIDAR (lightwave radar) is presented. Additionally a method is proposed for the reduction of errors due to multiple scattering which employs linear-algebraic inversion of generalized space-invariant convolution templates derived from blur functions. The image restoration algorithm is evaluated in terms of residual error computational cost and suitability for parallel implementation.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The solar UV Mg II core-to-wing ratio from the NOAA9 satellite during the rise of solar cycle 22

Abstract The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) instrument on the NOAA9 satellite monitors daily the solar UV spectral irradiance in the Mg II h and k lines. The core-to-wing ratio R(MgIIc/w) is presented for 27 May 1986 through 31 May 1988. R(MgIIc/w) has a minimum in both 27-day and 81-day running averages in early Jan 1987 with a secondary minimum in late Aug 1986. Strong 27-day solar-rotational variations peaked in Oct 1986, April and July 1987, and April 1988. The solar-cycle 22 rise in rotational minima started in Feb 1987 and increased to a more rapid rise in Nov 1987 through May 1988. The rotational peak of April 1988 was 4.4% higher than the solar cycle minimum 27-day average, which is a little less than half the decline in R(MgIIc/w) from NIMBUS7 from solar maximum to minimum during solar cycle 21.
The distal ommatidium of the compound eye of the housefly (Musca domestica): A scanning electron microscope study

The distal aspect of the housefly ommatidium was surveyed by the scanning electron microscope. Attention was directed to the somal eminence of the superior central cell and the lens to large pigment cell junction. The underside of each lens facet exhibits six hexagonally arranged incisures. Into each of these indentations are fitted several large pigment cells. This hexagonal indentation appears to be a tenacious anchorage. Two corneal pigment cells laterally encircle the pseudocone and at their proximal extension they enclose the Semper cells and neck of the retinula. The somal eminence of the superior central cell is about 10 mum from the base of the corneal pigment cell enclosure. Micrographs were used to construct a diagram of the ommatidium above the basement membrane. Suggestions are made as to the functional correlates of the observed ommatidial structures.
High resolution ultrasound with Doppler: a diagnostic adjunct in orbital and ocular lesions in children.

Twenty-six infants and children with orbital and ocular pathology were examined with ultrasound (US) utilizing real-time imaging and Duplex Pulsed Doppler evaluation. Twenty-two of these patients underwent concurrent orbital computed tomography (CT) and two had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Orbital and periorbital lesion included hemangioma, dermoid, lymphangioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, encephalocoele and abscess. Ocular lesions included infection, trauma, retinal detachment, retinoblastoma, Coat's disease, and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. High resolution US with Doppler provided unique diagnostic information in patients with penetrating ocular trauma, orbital and periorbital masses, and intraocular structural abnormalities. High resolution US examination of the eye and periorbital tissues is readily performed using widely available equipment and often delineates subtle structural abnormalities not shown by CT or MRI.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of poly(1-hexylpyrrylene vinylene)

Abstract A new conducting polymer, poly(1-hexylpyrrylene vinylene), PHxPyV, was obtained from the monomer, 1-hexyl-2,5bis (thiophenylmethylene)pyrrole, by base induced elimination/polymerization. The resulting deep purple conjugated polymer was partially soluble in a variety of organic solvents. The undoped polymer has λ max =563 nm (2.2eV), a band gap (band edge) of 1.69 eV, and also readily dopes with oxygen. The highest yield (72%) was obtained when the polymer was synthesized at room temperature with a monomer / base mole ratio of 1/4. Oxidative doping of polymer films using an acetonitrile solution of gold trichloride yields electronically conductive polymers (2.5 S/cm) containing the AuCl 4 − counter ion.
Routine reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic measurement of urinary vanillylmandelic acid in patients with neural crest tumors

Abstract A rapid and simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) is described. This method was applied in the determination of the VMA content in urine from normal subjects and patients with neural crest lesions. Sample preparation is minimal and the analysis is short (20 min) and reproducible. The sensitivity of the UV detection is in the ng range. By this technique, fourteen adult control subjects were found to excrete a mean of 2.86 μg VMA per mg creatinine, whereas twelve patients with pheochromocytoma excreted a mean of 15.7 μg VMA per mg creatinine.
ANTIGENS IN WHOOPING COUGH VACCINE AND ANTIBODY LEVELS INDUCED BY VACCINATION OF CHILDREN

Abstract The content of 3 antigens—filamentous haemagglutinin, lymphocytosis-promoting factor, and serotype-specific agglutinogens (fimbriae)—was determined in the current UK whole-cell whooping cough vaccine. Antibodies to these antigens and to outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide of Bordetella pertussis were measured in the serum of unvaccinated children and children who had received 1, 2, or 3 doses of the vaccine. Children who had received one dose of vaccine had varied low antibody titres. Children who had received two or three doses had significantly higher antibody titres to all the antigens tested, as did some unvaccinated children with no history of whooping cough. This study shows that filamentous haemagglutinin, lymphocytosis promoting factor, and outer membrane proteins are immunogenic constituents of the whole-cell vaccine. Their inclusion in a subcellular vaccine would not involve novel antigens.
Blockade of Sensitization to the Toxic Effects of Cocaine in Mice by Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors

Repeated administration of cocaine to animals results in sensitization to several reactions to the drug, including seizures and mortality. These consequences are thought to be related to the pathology that develops in humans abusing cocaine. Previous studies implied the involvement of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of glutamate receptors in cocaine-induced toxicity, and recent studies documented a role for nitric oxide in NMDA-receptor mediated neurotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to determine whether nitric oxide synthase inhibitors block the development of sensitization to the toxic effects of cocaine in mice. Repeated administration of cocaine (45 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneally) to Swiss Webster mice, for 7 days, resulted in a progressive increase in the duration of the convulsive response to cocaine, an increase in the number of animals that had seizures, and augmentation in lethality rate. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneally) or NG-nitro-L-arginine (NO-Arg; 25 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneally) completely abolished the sensitization to the convulsive and lethal responses to cocaine. Receptor binding assays indicated first, that pretreatment with L-NAME apparently diminished cocaine-induced upregulation of cortical NMDA receptors, and second, that the effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors tested are not mediated via a direct interaction of the drugs with the phencyclidine/NMDA receptor complex. Taken together, the present study suggests an important role for nitric oxide in the development of sensitization to the toxic effects of cocaine, and further supports the relationship between NMDA-receptor mediated neurotoxicity and nitric oxide.
Competitive grain boundary segregation in FePS and FePSb alloys

Abstract This paper reports a study of grain boundary segregation in FePS and FeSbP alloys. The main goal of this study was to examine the competitive segregation between P and S, and P and Sb. The results show that P and S compete for sites at the grain boundary. This competition appears to be a thermodynamic effect. If the activity of either element in solution is raised, that element will segregate more and decrease the segregation of the other element. Sb has no effect on P segregation, but P does decrease Sb segregation. It is suggested that this may be a kinetic effect. Finally, it is suggested that because of variability in segregation from boundary to boundary and sample to sample, as well as the possibility of getting the segregation into metastable situations, it is difficult to provide a detailed description of segregation.
Molecular Technologies for Personalized Cancer Management

Despite advances in under-standing the etiology of cancer, its clinical management re-mains challenging. Many cancers are detected at advancedstages, when invasion of surrounding tissues and metastasistodistantsiteshavealreadyoccurred,renderingstandardtreat-mentmodesrelativelyineffective.Patientswhosetumorsareclassifiedatsimilarstagesoftendemonstratevariableclinicaloutcomes, making it difficult to accurately assess prognosis,selectappropriateinterventions,andcommunicatediseasese-verity to patients. Standard treatment modes including che-motherapyandradiotherapyhaveconsistenttoxicities,butdonotbenefitallpatients.Aneffortisunderwaytotranslatead-vancesinmolecularbiology,bioinformatics,andcomputingintotoolsthatmayimprovethediagnosis,staging,andtreat-mentofpatientswithcancer.
Fluctuation Noise in Semiconductor Space-Charge Regions

In addition to noise arising from the circuit, a semiconductor diodic junction must contain a basic noise source. This basic noise mechanism is due to fluctuations in the ionization state of the impurity atoms which occur at random relative to the probability of ionization, w=nD+/nD. In an n-type semiconductor, a neutral impurity that suddenly becomes ionized releases a mobile electron whose movement forms a noise current pulse; similarly for the elemental deionization event. The net result is a short-circuited noise current given approximately by the formula, 2 IIDA TV (1 -we) q(VB + Vc)]- TD+ w kT Using typical numbers, this formula indicates that the fundamental noise associated with a 0.3 ??fd depletion layer capacitance at 100 Mc is equivalent to the thermal noise of a 6-ohm series resistor at 40°K and a 0.1-ohm series resistor at 300°K. Experimental verification of this type of noise is not known. When it is observed experimentally, a new method for evaluating some of the basic properties of semiconductors will be available, and computations of minimum noise factor of parametric amplifiers will be possible.
The State of the Field: Technology for Atrocity Response

Technology is rapidly advancing in both sophistication and accessibility. This is particularly true of information and communications technology (ICT), adoption of which is growing rapidly in lessdeveloped countries. Such tools provide a great deal of promise for practitioners dedicated to mass atrocity response, which encompasses prediction, prevention, mitigation, and documentation for the purposes of this article. First, this article considers the current technological landscape as it applies to human rights and outlines the various tools and techniques which are relevant to mass atrocity response, including mobile phones, social media, crisis mapping, satellite imagery, and unmanned aerial vehicles. This overview concludes with analysis of likely future trends in the field of technology as applied to mass atrocity response.
A Dual Catalyst System for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Based on a Halogen-Free Neutral Cu(I) Complex

A neutral phenoxy−triamine copper(I) complex was synthesized, and its performance as a catalyst for the ATRP of n-butyl acrylate (BA) was investigated. This halogen-free neutral cuprous complex catalyzed BA polymerization, but while the polymerization rate was high there was poor control over polymerization. The level of control over the polymerization process was improved dramatically when a small amount of a suitable copper(II) complex was added as a deactivator. Several copper(II) complexes including CuBr2, dNbpy/CuBr2, PMDETA/CuBr2, and Me6TREN/CuBr2 were investigated as deactivators. Among these deactivators, Me6TREN/CuBr2 was the most efficient at improving the level of control over the polymerization. When 3 mol % of Me6TREN/CuBr2 (versus the phenoxy−triamine copper complex) was added, the molecular weight increased linearly with conversion and agreed with theoretical values, and the polymer displayed a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.17). The mechanism of the dual catalyst system m...
Group velocity control by atomic nonlinear response in a laser cavity

Group velocity modification through nonlinear index of the atomic medium is used as a purely optical feedback in a mode locked ring laser. The dispersion associated with the dark line acts as an error signal.
Caring for children with special needs: historical perspective.

Professor Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Strong Memorial Hospital, Rochester, NY Address correspondence to Robert J. Haggerty, MD, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Strong Memorial Hospital, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 777, Rochester, New York 14642 (e-mail: Robert_Haggerty@urmc.rochester.edu). Received for publication November 11, 2010; accepted November 15, 2010.
Rapid transport pathways for geothermal fluids in an active Great Basin fault zone

We present an analysis of fault hydraulic architecture, based on >700 spatially distributed ground and geothermal spring temperature measurements taken in an active fault zone. Geostatistical simulations were used to extrapolate the measured data over an 800 × 100 m area and develop a high-resolution image of temperatures in the fault. On the basis of the modeled temperatures, a simple analytical model of convective heat transport was used to infer a probability distribution function for hydraulic conductivities in a two-dimensional plane parallel to the land surface, and the partitioning of flow between flow paths of different conductivities was calculated as a fraction of the total flux. The analysis demonstrates the existence of spatially discrete, high-permeability flow paths within the predominantly lower-permeability fault materials. Although the existence of fast-flow paths in faults has been hypothesized for >10 yr, their prevalence and contribution to the total flow of fluid in a fault zone are debated. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that the flux transmitted by an individual fast-flow path is significantly greater than that of an average flow path, but the total flux transported in fast-flow paths is a negligible fraction of the total flux transmitted by the fault.
Some like it hot: a temporal analysis of hedonic responses to chili pepper.

Possible explanations for the acquisition of a liking for the initially negative oral “pain” sensations produced by chili pepper are reviewed. In addition, a temporal hedonic rating technique developed to facilitate systematic investigation of this phenomenon is described. Results suggest a system for categorizing hedonic responses to chili pepper. Some subjects dislike chili pepper at all concentrations. For other groups of subjects, weaker or stronger burns are found to be pleasant and to enhance the accompanying flavors. A subset of these latter subjects liked the isolated burn that remains in the mouth after the other flavors have disappeared. The cross-sectional data suggest a developmental sequence for the acquisition of a liking for chili pepper.
Elastic-Plastic Analyses of Surface Flaws in a Reactor Vessel

Elastic-plastic analyses have been performed for the ASME Maximum Postulated Flaw and for three other semielliptical surface flaws in the beltline region of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. The crack driving force was calculated as the energy release rate, J, using the virtual crack extension method. The results illustrate that, at the design pressure, plasticity near the crack front is so limited for three of the flaws that an elastic analysis is adequate. At higher pressures, however, the elastic analyses become increasingly nonconservative and would grossly underestimate the severity of the flaws. The variation of both J and crack opening displacement, COD, along the crack front were studied. The analyses demonstrate that J and COD are equivalent measures of the crack driving force, and further demonstrate that a realistic 3-D elastic-plastic analysis is needed to properly assess the severity of surface flaws.
Strong confinement effects in CdTe/MnTe quantum wells: A new strained layer binary II–VI heterostructure

Abstract A range of optical studies have been carried out on a series of single quantum wells of CdTe/MnTe. The structures appear to be nearly pseudomorphic and show evidence for robust electron-hole confinement. Exciton states have been characterized in terms of lifetime and coupling to optical phonons.
A model for a Mixed Continuous-Periodic Review One-Warehouse, N-Retailer inventory system

Abstract This paper analyzes a Mixed Continuous-Periodic Review One-Warehouse, N-Retailer inventory system for a single, consumable item. In this system, the warehouse holds stock and the retailers experience independent, stationary field demand. Each retailer follows a continuous review (Q, r) policy. However, the warehouse reviews each retailer according to a review interval T. We discuss the motivation for this warehouse policy and show how its impact on the retailers can be modeled with an (nQ, r, T) policy at the retailers and the warehouse. Then we present an approximate analytical model to predict the performance of such a system under different operating conditions. An interesting aspect of the model is the estimation of warehouse demand variance via a closed form expression derived using renewal theory. We compare the approximate model with a simulation model to test its accuracy. The comparison indicates that the approximate model predicts quite accurately in high fill rate ranges (retailer fill rates of 90% and more). Finally, we propose several extensions to this research.
Renal candidiasis. A cause of anuria.

SUMMARY A case of severe renal candidiasis with secondary anuria has been presented. The types of Earlier renal candidiasis and aspects of diagnosis and therapy are reviewed. diagnosis and proper management are encouraged
Parallel Implementation of a Spectral Scheme for Simulations of 3-D Dynamic Fracture Events

The spectral scheme, whose parallel implementation is described in this paper, is currently one of the most efficient computational approaches available to solve a class of fundamental 3-D dynamic fracture problems. The scheme uses a special form of the boundary integral elastodynamic formulation and allows for the solution of the spontaneous motion (initiation, propagation, and arrest) of arbitrary shape planar cracks embedded in a homogeneous or bimaterial medium and subjected to arbitrary loading conditions. The parallel implementation described hereafter allows for the efficient solution of very large dynamic fracture problems, typically one to two orders of magnitudes larger than those available to date. It is based on a stacking scheme that distributes the spectral modes across the processors to achieve balance in memory and CPU time requirements. Although developed for dynamic fracture simulations, the spectral scheme and its parallel implementation are applicable to other problems in computational physics characterized by a convolution operation involving a decaying kernel.
Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of suspect identifications made by actual eyewitnesses from simultaneous and sequential lineups in a randomized field trial

Eyewitness misidentifications have been implicated in many of the DNA exoneration cases that have come to light in recent years. One reform designed to address this problem involves switching from simultaneous lineups to sequential lineups, and our goal was to test the diagnostic accuracy of these two procedures using actual eyewitnesses. In a recent randomized field trial comparing the performance of simultaneous and sequential lineups in the real world, suspect ID rates were found to be similar for the two procedures. Filler ID rates were found to be slightly (but, in the key test, nonsignificantly) higher for simultaneous than sequential lineups, but fillers will not be prosecuted even if identified. Moreover, filler IDs may not provide reliable information about innocent suspect IDs. Here, we use two different proxy measures for ground truth of guilt versus innocence for suspects identified from simultaneous or sequential lineups in that same field study. The results indicate that innocent suspects are, if anything, less likely to be mistakenly identified—and guilty suspects are more likely to be correctly identified—from simultaneous lineups compared to sequential lineups. Filler identifications are not necessarily predictive of the more consequential error of misidentifying an innocent suspect. With regard to actual suspect identifications, simultaneous lineups are diagnostically superior to sequential lineups. These findings are consistent with recent laboratory-based studies using receiver operating characteristic analysis suggesting that simultaneous lineups make it easier for eyewitnesses to tell the difference between innocent and guilty suspects.