cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparision study of TIR-T1WI and SE-T1WI sequence on children enccpbalomalacia loci imaging

Objective:To evaluate the diagnosis value of tachoinversion recovery T1 weighted imagining(TIR-T1WI ) sequence in cerebromalacia disease in children by comparing with spin echo T1 weighted(SE-T1WI) imaging sequence.Methods:58 children with cerebromalacia disease were underwent TIR-T1WI sequence and SE-T1WI sequence.The two sequences imaging were compared side by side to determine which was better in depicting the focus of cerebromalacia.Results:The TIR-T1WI sequences could display the ambit of the cerebromalacia focus more clearly than SE-T1WI sequence(P0.001) .Meanwhile the TIR-T1WI sequence could discover more small cerebromalacia focus.Conclusion:The TIR-T1WI sequence can be used as the assistant sequence for the diagnosis of cerebromalacia.
Modern Radiotherapy Results with Bulky Stages II and III Seminoma

AbstractWe treated 20 patients with stage II seminoma by primary radiotherapy from 1971 to 1982. Median patient age was 38 years (range 26 to 52 years) and median disease width in the transverse plane was 11cm. (range 5 to 25cm.). Four tumors were 5 to 9cm., 9 were 10 to 14cm. and 7 were 15cm. or more wide. Tumor was palpable in 13 patients. Generous radiation ports (such as wide hockey stick or whole abdomen) often followed by a boost to the area of bulky disease were used as primary therapy in all patients. Median tumor dose was 37.5Gy. (range 13.3 to 56.7Gy.). Supradiaphragmatic prophylactic radiation was given to 16 patients (median dose 26Gy., range 12 to 37.3Gy.). Median followup was 56 months, and all patients currently are free of disease except for 1 who died without disease more than 10 years after completion of all therapy. Mediastinal failure occurred in 2 of 4 patients without and 1 of 16 with mediastinal prophylaxis. All 4 patients with relapse are currently free of disease after salvage the...
Craniofacial Dysmorphic Features

Craniofacial dysmorphic feature may occur as isolated findings in otherwise normal individuals or in combination as part of genetic syndrome. Some of the craniofacial dysmorphic features are associated with brain malformations such as holoprosencephaly and agenesis or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum that may be detected by head ultrasonography.
Pacific slope Cretaceous bivalves; eight venerid species

Four new venerid species from the Cretaceous of the North American Pacific Slope are described and four previously described species are reassigned. Of the new species, two are allotted to new genera: Rhaiphiale based upon Rhaiphiale pharota n. sp. and Egrona based upon Egrona fallax n. sp., both Turonian in age and from southern California. The other new species are Loxo quintense n. sp., of late Maastrichtian age from California, and Paraesa cedrina n. sp., late Albian in age from Baja California, Mexico. The previously described species “Meretrix” arata Gabb, 1864, Turonian, and “?Meretrix” fragilis Gabb, 1869, late Maastrichtian, are placed in the new genus Callistalox; “Meretrix” lens (Gabb, 1864), Campanian age, and Flaventia zeta Popenoe, 1937, Turonian, are provisionally assigned to Paraesa Casey, 1952. This is the first identification of Paraesa from the Pacific Slope of North America. No species of Flaventia Jukes-Brown, 1908, is now known in Pacific Slope faunas.
Nonfiction and Fiction in Disguise

How can a reader tell that a work is nonfiction? Even those who study it concede the difficulty: factual narrative actually is referential, or factual narrative claims to be referential and truthful (Schaeffer). Most readers know that the nonfiction narrative in their hands qualifies as nonfiction because it bears a label associated with a nonfiction genre. The book may have been acquired from the nonfiction section of a bookstore, where works of history, biography, or autobiography sit on shelves across the aisle from the various subgenres of fiction. The work may have come to the attention of a reader through a list: New York Times bestsellers receive separate notice in Fiction and Nonfiction listings. The book itself may bear a label, a paratextual indicator of its category. Unbroken, Laura Hillenbrand’s 2010 story of Louie Zamperini, an Olympic runner who became a prisoner of war after his airplane crashed in the Pacific, bears the paratextual label, ‘biography’ on its back cover. In the United States, the Library of Congress catalogues works of nonfiction as biographies, such as ‘Prisoners of war— United States— Biography,’ or as accounts of particular periods of history, such as ‘World War, 1939–1945— Aerial operations, American.’ Pragmatically speaking, labeling and categorizing performed by others shape most readers’ certainties about the nonfiction they read. This chapter discusses the powerful signs that Gerard Genette named ‘paratexts.’
Using Survey Data for Agent-Based Modeling: Design and Challenges in a Model of Armed Conflict and Population Change

Although agent-based models (ABMs) have become more commonly found in the demographic literature in the past decade, the use of survey data to populate and operationalize ABMs is still rare in demography. This technique, more commonly found in the geographic and land use literature, creates opportunities to study entirely new questions, but is time-consuming and cumbersome to use. In this chapter, we seek to contribute to the use of survey data based ABMs for demographic purposes. We do this by presenting details of the design, structure, and functioning of an agent-based model we created to examine the influence of armed conflict on population composition and change. In addition to presenting our model design, we also discuss several challenges and solutions to using survey data in the initialization and parameterization of survey-data based ABMs. Finally, we present illustrative examples from our ABM and compare the results with regression-based analyses. It is our aim that this presentation and discussion will expedite the design and testing of ABMs for future projects.
Region and firm level determinants of environmental regulation violations: An empirical study in Chongqing, China

Abstract Environmental regulation violations (ERVs) result in pollution incidents and environmental degradation. Although different types of ERVs may have specific determinants, few studies have investigated how determinants are associated with different ERV types. This paper investigates region and firm level determinants of three types of violation: unlicensed facility (UF), improper operation (IO) and excessive emission (EE), based on 629 ERV cases reported in Chongqing, China during 2011–2014. At the firm level, a 10% increase in a firm's registered capital is associated with 0.4% less probability of UF and 0.3% less for IO violations, but 0.7% more for EE. Compared with private firms, firms with sole or collective ownership or joint ownership with non-Mainland China capital reduce the probability of UF violations by 15.3% and 14.3%. Joint ownership with non-Mainland China capital increases the probability of IO by 16.1%, while whole ownership of it decreases IO probability by 26.7%. Sole or collective ownership is associated with 27.4% increase of EE violation. At the regional level, a 10% increase in resident population, industry GDP and number of enterprise are significantly associated with higher probability of UF (7.9%, 5.5% and 5.3% respectively). Increased resident population and industry GDP are associated with 7.3% and 4.3% decrease in the probability of EE, while IO violations are not related with any region level factors except number of enterprises (−6.5%). Thus both firm level and region level factors have significant impacts on type-specific violations of environmental regulations, and these results will contribute to effective environmental management practices and cleaner production.
Progress toward reaction monitoring at variable temperatures: a new stopped‐flow NMR probe design

A stopped-flow NMR probe is described that enables fast flow rates, short transfer times, and equilibration of the reactant magnetization and temperature prior to reaction. The capabilities of the probe are demonstrated by monitoring the polymerization of lactide as catalyzed by the air-sensitive catalyst 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) over the temperature range of -30 to 40 °C. The incorporation of stopped-flow capabilities into an NMR probe permits the rich information content of NMR to be accessed during the first few seconds of a fast reaction.
A high temperature seeding technique for particle image velocimetry

Non-intrusive measurements of gas velocities via particle image velocimetry (PIV) or laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) requires entraining particles into the flow field. There are many techniques and materials available for seeding gas phase flows. However, when the flow temperatures exceed 200 °C, the available options for seed materials becomes limited. In high temperature applications refractory seed materials are required. The established technique for seeding flows with metal oxide powders is via fluidized beds by themselves or in combination with cyclone separators. These systems are fraught with problems which limit their ability to provide consistent, uniform flow seeding. In this work, we describe a technique for reliably introducing metal oxide particles into high temperature flows. The employment of pH stabilization techniques typically used to obtain stable dispersions in ceramic processing can provide a source of seed material for high temperature air flows. By pH stabilizing submicron alumina particles in ethanol, a stable dispersion is obtained which when atomized, produces a high quality aerosol. Commercial grade alumina is used with a moderate size distribution. The technique is not limited to alumina/ethanol and is also demonstrated with an alumina/H2O system. Other ceramic powders in other polar solvents can also be used once their point of zero charge (pHpzc) of the powder in the solvent has been determined. We present an example of the pH stabilized dispersions applied to a very challenging high temperature supersonic flow and a particle dynamics analysis across a shock.
Investigating Anisotropic Quantum Hall States with Bimetric Geometry

We construct a low energy effective theory of anisotropic fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states. We develop a formalism similar to that used in the bimetric approach to massive gravity, and apply it to describe Abelian anisotropic FQH states in the presence of external electromagnetic and geometric backgrounds. We derive a relationship between the shift, the Hall viscosity, and a new quantized coupling to anisotropy, which we term anisospin. We verify this relationship by numerically computing the Hall viscosity for a variety of anisotropic quantum Hall states using the density matrix renormalization group. Finally, we apply these techniques to the problem of nematic order and clarify certain disagreements that exist in the literature about the meaning of the coefficient of the Berry phase term in the nematic effective action.
Progress Estimation and Phase Detection for Sequential Processes

Process modeling and understanding are fundamental for advanced human-computer interfaces and automation systems. Most recent research has focused on activity recognition, but little has been done on sensor-based detection of process progress. We introduce a real-time, sensor-based system for modeling, recognizing and estimating the progress of a work process. We implemented a multimodal deep learning structure to extract the relevant spatio-temporal features from multiple sensory inputs and used a novel deep regression structure for overall completeness estimation. Using process completeness estimation with a Gaussian mixture model, our system can predict the phase for sequential processes. The performance speed, calculated using completeness estimation, allows online estimation of the remaining time. To train our system, we introduced a novel rectified hyperbolic tangent (rtanh) activation function and conditional loss. Our system was tested on data obtained from the medical process (trauma resuscitation) and sports events (Olympic swimming competition). Our system outperformed the existing trauma-resuscitation phase detectors with a phase detection accuracy of over 86%, an F1-score of 0.67, a completeness estimation error of under 12.6%, and a remaining-time estimation error of less than 7.5 minutes. For the Olympic swimming dataset, our system achieved an accuracy of 88%, an F1-score of 0.58, a completeness estimation error of 6.3% and a remaining-time estimation error of 2.9 minutes.
Excel Calculators for Determining Retirement Accumulation and Disbursement Information

This article provides two different retirement calculators to help investors plan for retirement savings and retirement disbursements. The calculators are created in Excel and require minimal programming, which makes them not only practical but also easy to implement. Furthermore, the calculators can address multiple investor scenarios and can be integrated to produce a reasonably thorough retirement plan.
Mechanical validation of high power density external cantilevered rotor

High specific power electric machines are crucial to enabling electric aircraft. In order to meet this need, a high specific power electric machine with an unconventional topology is being developed. The topology creates mechanical challenges including expansion due to high speed, and thin radial builds that affect rotordynamics. These challenges have been addressed in the analytical design and a hardware prototype has been validated through testing. Through these analysis and tests it has been determined that this high specific power electric machine will not fly apart.
Characteristics of Graduate Counseling Student Grief Experiences

This study explored the incidence of grief and resulting effects experienced by graduate counseling students. A total of 157 students from three universities completed surveys about their grief exp...
Crystal structure of 2,4,6-tri-methyl-benzoic anhydride.

The title compound, C20H22O3, was formed in the reaction between 2,4,6-tri­methyl­benzoic acid and N,N-diiso­propyl­ethyl­amine in the presence of 1,3-di­chloro-1,3-bis­(di­methyl­amino)­propenium hydrogen dichloride, and was recrystallized from diethyl ether solution. It is the first exclusively alkyl-substituted benzoic anhydride to have been structurally characterized. The asymmetric unit consists of a half mol­ecule, the other half of which is generated by twofold rotation symmetry; the dihedral angle between the symmetry-related aromatic rings is 54.97 (3)°. The geometric parameters of the aromatic ring are typical of those for 2,4,6-tri­methyl­phenyl substituted groups. The C=O and C—O bond lengths are 1.1934 (12) and 1.3958 (11) A, respectively, and the angle between these three atoms (O=C—O) is 121.24 (9)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions. The packing features wavy chains that extend parallel to [001].
Total Laboratory Automation and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Improve Turnaround Times in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory: a Retrospective Analysis

Technological advances have changed the practice of clinical microbiology. We implemented Bruker matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and BD Kiestra total laboratory automation (TLA) 4 and 3 years ago, respectively. To assess the impact of these new technologies, we compared turnaround times (TATs) for positive and negative urine cultures before and after implementation. In comparison I, TATs for 61,157 urine cultures were extracted for two periods corresponding to pre-TLA and post-TLA, both using MALDI-TOF MS for organism identification. In comparison II, time to organism identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility (AST) reports were calculated for 5,402 positive culture reports representing four different periods: (i) manual plating and conventional biochemical identification (CONV), (ii) manual plating and MALDI-TOF MS identification (MALDI), (iii) MALDI-TOF MS identification and early phase implementation of TLA (TLA1), and (iv) MALDI-TOF MS identification and late phase implementation of TLA (TLA2). By the comparison I results, median pre- and post-TLA TATs to organism IDs (18.5 to 16.9 h), AST results (41.8 to 40.8 h), and preliminary results for negative cultures (17.7 to 13.6 h), including interquartile ranges for all comparisons, were significantly decreased post-TLA (P < 0.001). By the comparison II results, MALDI significantly improved TAT to organism ID compared to CONV (21.3 to 18 h). TLA further improved overall TAT to ID (18 to 16.5 h) and AST (42.3 to 40.7 h) results compared to MALDI (P < 0.001). In summary, TLA significantly improved TAT to organism ID, AST report, and preliminary negative results. MALDI-TOF MS significantly improved TAT for organism ID. Use of MALDI-TOF MS and TLA individually and together results in significant decreases in microbiology report TATs.
Cuba Today: An Overview of Tourism Competitiveness

ABSTRACTThe US and Cuba have alleviated the half a century of Cold War-era isolation and have tried to resume diplomatic relations. Due to the continuous development in policies between US and Cuba, many US tourists may be likely to visit Cuba for the first time. The purpose of this article is to assess Cuba’s current tourism position among 29 Latin American and Caribbean countries through the application of the Tourism Competitiveness Index. The results from the competitiveness analysis indicate that Cuba is well positioned in terms of price competitiveness, with a great potential to become the top performer among these countries. The study provides valuable information for managers, policy-makers, key decision makers and government officials in Cuban tourism.
From flood to drought: Utilizing sar to assess the status of levees and aqueducts

During 2013–2017, the State of California experienced a major drought that impacted water management practices, water delivery, and groundwater extraction, any of which had the potential to impact the critical infrastructure used for water conveyance. The use of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) and multi-polarization SAR images to monitor levees and aqueducts in California during the period 2009–2016, which overlapped the drought, is described. The study used data acquired with UAVSAR, an L-band airborne SAR instrument operated by NASA. An overview is given of the methodology adopted to measure subsidence rates of ≥ 2 mm/yr of earthen levees and aqueduct embankments. Results are presented showing the most significant identified hazards to the structures from ongoing land use practices, natural hazards, and groundwater withdrawal.
Symmetry in Motion: Perception of Attractiveness Changes with Facial Movement

Facial symmetry is an index of developmental stability and shows a positive correlation with attractiveness assessment. However, the appearance of one’s facial symmetry is not always static and may change when there is facial movement while a person is speaking. This study examined whether viewing a dynamic image of a person speaking (where facial symmetry may alter) would elicit a different perception of attractiveness than viewing a static image of that person as a still photo. We examined changes in both measured and perceived facial symmetry in relation to attractiveness perception. We found that when facial movements created an appearance of overall greater facial symmetry while a person was speaking in a video, the person was rated as being more attractive than as a still photo. Likewise, those with facial movements measured and perceived as less symmetrical while speaking were rated as less attractive in a video clip than still photo. By examining the perception of faces in motion as we typically encounter others in real life rather than considering only static photos, we have extended the ecological validity of the study of the perception of bilateral symmetry in humans as it relates to attractiveness.
Locational Conflict (NIMBY)

Locational conflict arises when individuals or groups express opposition to a locational or siting decision made by others. NIMBY, an acronym for Not In My Backyard, is a colloquial expression of locational conflict. Frequent targets of conflict include environmentally noxious facilities such as waste treatment and power generating plants as well as social service delivery facilities including homeless shelters, group homes, and drug treatment centers. In common usage, NIMBYism pejoratively connotes a reactionary parochialism blocking the siting of needed facilities, while locational conflict embraces a broader range of perspectives that may be liberating or regressive depending on circumstances. Inherently geographic, locational conflict is often relatively local in scale although conflict participants at distant locations may aggregate to form protest movements covering wide geographic regions. The evolution of locational conflict theory from classical to behavioral to structural and post-structural formulations parallels theoretical developments in the field of geography. Methods of resolving locational conflict distinguish between community-centered, user-centered, and state-centered approaches. Locational conflict scholarship is increasingly shifting attention from an initial focus on siting outcomes to examination of political and structural influences on the facility siting process, and to investigation of pervasive inequity in the broad socio-spatial processes creating geographic landscapes.
Modulation of host cell death pathways by Yersinia species and the type III effector YopK.

Pneumonic plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, is characterized by bacterial evasion and manipulation of the mammalian innate immune system. Following an initial anti-inflammatory response to infection in the lung, bacteria grow rapidly accompanied by host cell death and a massive inflammatory response. Phagocytic cells, in particular macrophages, are targeted and eliminated by the bacterial type III secretion system. In this work, we discuss the mechanisms by which the type III secretion system regulates host cell death during pulmonary infection by Y. pestis. We focus on the role of effector Yops E, J and K in this process and how they coordinately regulate cell death mechanisms that lead to precise control over inflammation during infection.
Combined front-end signal processing for in-vehicle speech systems

In this paper, we investigate the integration of two processing methods to improve speech quality for invehicle speech systems: multi-sensor beamforming and constrained iterative (Auto-LSP) speech enhancement. The intent is to establish an intelligent microphone array processing scheme in high noise environments by considering the effectiveness of a multi-sensor beamformer method and the Auto-LSP single channel speech enhancement method. The goal therefore is to design a system where the strengths of one method help compensate any potential weaknesses of the other. The noise cancellation method is an acoustic beamformer designed and constructed using a linear microphone array. The speech enhancement method is the constrained iterative Auto-LSP approach, previously considered for single channel enhancement. After establishing the combined processing scheme, evaluations are performed using speech and acoustic noise data collected in vehicles. Noise suppression levels by the beamformer is established for different road noise conditions. Quality improvement from the enhancement scheme is assessed using objective speech quality measures over a test speech corpus using TIMIT data. The results show that while beamforming alone can suppress background noise levels, the combination of beamforming and constrained enhancement can provide as much as a 63% improvement in objective quality, suggesting a potential single comprehensive solution for in-vehicle speech systems.
Vein Bypass Surgery for Ischemic Heart Disease Perspective — March 1973

Recent figures collected by a survey of U.S. hospitals for the calendar year 1971 show that during that year 22,428 coronary bypass procedures were done in the United States (1). This coronary surgical procedure accounted for 43.8% of the total of 51,174 open heart procedures; and it is likely that the 1972 figure is considerably larger, possibly even double that of 1971. Thus, we are talking about the most common and most rapidly growing cardiac surgical procedure. This procedure has also assumed tremendous economic importance. The cost of the procedure, including the diagnostic procedures, surgeon’s fee and hospitalization, is estimated to be at least $10,000 per patient. Therefore, in 1971 the total national bill for the procedure was at least 220 million dollars. The tremendous economic impact of the procedure on the hospitals, cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, and equipment manufacturers makes it difficult to evaluate the procedure objectively.
Purification of recombinant G-protein-coupled receptors

Structural and functional analysis of most G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) requires their expression and purification in functional form. The produced amount of recombinant membrane-inserted receptors depends on the optimal combination of a particular GPCR and production host; optimization of expression is still a matter of trial-and-error. Prior to purification, receptors must be extracted from the membranes by use of detergent(s). The choice of an appropriate detergent for solubilization and purification is crucial to maintain receptors in their functional state. The initial enrichment can be carried out by affinity chromatography using a general affinity tag (e.g., poly-histidine tag). If the first purification step does not yield pure receptor protein, purification to homogeneity can often be achieved by use of a subsequent receptor-specific ligand column. If suitable immobilized ligands are not available, size exclusion chromatography or other techniques need to be applied. Many GPCRs become unstable upon detergent extraction from lipid membranes, and measures for stabilization are discussed. As an example, the purification of a functional neurotensin receptor to homogeneity in milligram quantities is given below.
Fusion of Culture and Technology

In designing Fusion of Culture and Technology, a cross-cultural communication (Gudykunst, 2003) perspective was applied to integrate an element from Persian culture within the Western silhouette. The research objective of creating this design was to incorporate three different technologies (laser cutting and engraving, digital printing and pattern digitizing) to create a garment using the cross-cultural communication concept. The patterns of Persian tiles were the source of inspiration of this garment. The garment was draped first and then directly digitized into Optitex and then exported to Illustrator. Then the tile pattern was placed on the digitized front pattern piece to laser etch and laser cut on denim fabric. The same tile pattern was digital printed for the lining of the skirt with unbalanced hem. The technology-based integration of Persian tile element within a western silhouette leaded to an innovative garment that provided insights regarding the implication of cross-cultural communication in fashion design. Gudykunst, W. B. (2003). Cross-cultural and intercultural communication. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
The Republican War on Obamacare — What Has It Achieved?

The Republican War on Obamacare The scope, intensity, and duration of the Republican campaign against the Affordable Care Act are remarkable. Yet Republican resistance to Obamacare has produced more in the way of unattainable promises to erase the law than actual policy changes.
Statistical Methods for Word Association in Text Mining

Text data has been growing dramatically in the last years, mainly due to the advance of web related technologies that enable people to produce an overwhelming amount of data. Many knowledge about the world is encoded in text data available through blogs, tweets, web pages, articles, and books.
Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine as an antiviral for acute flaccid myelitis

Objective To determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of fluoxetine for proven or presumptive enterovirus (EV) D68–associated acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). Methods A multicenter cohort study of US patients with AFM in 2015–2016 compared serious adverse events (SAEs), adverse effects, and outcomes between fluoxetine-treated patients and untreated controls. Fluoxetine was administered at the discretion of treating providers with data gathered retrospectively. The primary outcome was change in summative limb strength score (SLSS; sum of Medical Research Council strength in all 4 limbs, ranging from 20 [normal strength] to 0 [complete quadriparesis]) between initial examination and latest follow-up, with increased SLSS reflecting improvement and decreased SLSS reflecting worsened strength. Results Fifty-six patients with AFM from 12 centers met study criteria. Among 30 patients exposed to fluoxetine, no SAEs were reported and adverse effect rates were similar to unexposed patients (47% vs 65%, p = 0.16). The 28 patients treated with >1 dose of fluoxetine were more likely to have EV-D68 identified (57.1% vs 14.3%, p Conclusion Fluoxetine was well-tolerated. Fluoxetine was preferentially given to patients with AFM with EV-D68 identified and more severe paralysis at nadir, who ultimately had poorer long-term outcomes. Classification of evidence This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with EV-D68-associated AFM, fluoxetine is well-tolerated and not associated with improved neurologic outcomes.
Distributed optimal wind farm control for fatigue load minimization: A consensus approach

Abstract In this paper, we introduce a distributed approach to optimal control of wind farms (WFs). Our control approach enables wind generators (WGs) to dynamically dispatch and regulate their power outputs to optimal equilibria that result in minimum total fatigue loading and aggregate power output that matches a given reference. The underlying control algorithm requires WGs to only update and exchange minimal local nonsensitive information via an arbitrary peer-to-peer communication network and is characterized by: (a) computationally efficiency, as the computational effort is uniformly distributed among all WGs, (b) resilience with respect to communication network topology variations and, (c) privacy preservation, as WGs only exchange nonsensitive information. We establish convergence of the underlying distributed algorithm under mild conditions in the communication network connectivity and control gains. Finally, we corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed control approach via numerical simulations and show how WGs, by adopting the proposed controllers, can regulate their total power output on demand while ensuring that the harmful fatigue loads that they experience are kept at minimal levels.
Introduction to Special Issue on Navigating Academic Life (Part 2): Responding to Change

The landscape of academia is changing. Since the Great Recession of the late 2000s, there has been significant restructuring of the purpose and function of institutions of higher education, precipi...
Leadership Reflections: Complexity and Our Adaptable Minds – Collaborative Inquiry and Presence-Based Leadership

AbstractOur guest columnist is Tim Schlak who, like many of us, is on a journey continuing to challenge ourselves to be better leaders and to more effectively serve our organizations. This column p...
Presence of Tat and transactivation response element in spinal fluid despite antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure the protein concentration and biological activity of HIV-1 Tat in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN CSF was collected from 68 HIV-positive individuals on ART with plasma viral load less than 40 copies/ml, and from 25 HIV-negative healthy controls. Duration of HIV infection ranged from 4 to more than 30 years. METHODS Tat levels in CSF were evaluated by an ELISA. Tat protein and viral RNA were quantified from exosomes isolated from CSF, followed by western blot or quantitative reverse transcription PCR, respectively. Functional activity of Tat was assessed using an LTR transactivation assay. RESULTS Tat protein was detected in 36.8% of CSF samples from HIV-positive patients. CSF Tat concentration increased in four out of five individuals after initiation of therapy, indicating that Tat was not inhibited by ART. Similarly, exosomes from 34.4% of CSF samples were strongly positive for Tat protein and/or TAR RNA. Exosomal Tat retained transactivation activity in a CEM-LTR reporter assay in 66.7% of samples assayed, which indicates that over half of the Tat present in CSF is functional. Presence of Tat in CSF was highly associated with previous abuse of psychostimulants (cocaine or amphetamines; P = 0.01) and worse performance in the psychomotor speed (P = 0.04) and information processing (P = 0.02) cognitive domains. CONCLUSION Tat and TAR are produced in the central nervous system despite adequate ART and are packaged into CSF exosomes. Tat remains biologically active within this compartment. These studies suggest that Tat may be a quantifiable marker of the viral reservoir and highlight a need for new therapies that directly inhibit Tat.
Acceptance and commitment therapy–enhanced exposures for children and adolescents

Abstract This chapter details novel approaches to blending exposure practice with other behavioral techniques to potentiate its effects. We hope that it will expand the arsenal of strategies for practicing clinicians who wish to use exposure techniques in treatment. We discuss the growing body of literature supporting the use of these techniques, and specifics of how to integrate aspects of acceptance and commitment therapy into exposure treatment. For example, we highlight incorporating values, thought defusion, and acceptance into a traditional exposure framework. Specific examples are provided to guide practitioners who are new to the technique.
Lithium Dendrite in All-Solid-State Batteries: Growth Mechanisms, Suppression Strategies, and Characterizations

Summary Li metal has been attracting increasing attention as an anode in all-solid-state batteries because of its lowest electrochemical potential and high capacity, although the problems caused by dendritic growth impedes its further application. For a long time, all-solid-state Li metal batteries (ASLBs) are regarded to revive Li metal due to high mechanical strength. However, numerous works revealed that the dendrite issue widely exists in ASLBs, and the mechanism is complex. This review provides a systematic and in-depth understanding of the thermodynamic, kinetic, electrochemical, chemomechnical, structural stability, and characterizations of Li dendrite in ASLBs. First, the mechanisms for dendrite formation and propagation in polymer, ceramic and glass electrolyte were discussed. Subsequently, based on these mechanisms of dendrite growth, we reviewed various strategies for dendrite suppression. Furthermore, advanced characterization techniques were reviewed for better understanding of dendrite in solid-state batteries.
Field Screen and Genotyping of Phaseolus vulgaris against Two Begomoviruses in Georgia, USA

The production and quality of Phaseolusvulgaris (snap bean) have been negatively impacted by leaf crumple disease caused by two whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses: cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) and sida golden mosaic Florida virus (SiGMFV), which often appear as a mixed infection in Georgia. Host resistance is the most economical management strategy against whitefly-transmitted viruses. Currently, information is not available with respect to resistance to these two viruses in commercial cultivars. In two field seasons (2018 and 2019), we screened Phaseolus spp. genotypes (n = 84 in 2018; n = 80 in 2019; most of the genotypes were common in both years with a few exceptions) for resistance against CuLCrV and/or SiGMFV. We also included two commonly grown Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) varieties in our field screening. Twenty Phaseolus spp. genotypes with high to moderate-levels of resistance (disease severity ranging from 5%-50%) to CuLCrV and/or SiGMFV were identified. Twenty-one Phaseolus spp. genotypes were found to be highly susceptible with a disease severity of ≥66%. Furthermore, based on the greenhouse evaluation with two genotypes-each (two susceptible and two resistant; identified in field screen) exposed to viruliferous whiteflies infected with CuLCrV and SiGMFV, we observed that the susceptible genotypes accumulated higher copy numbers of both viruses and displayed severe crumple severity compared to the resistant genotypes, indicating that resistance might potentially be against the virus complex rather than against the whiteflies. Adult whitefly counts differed significantly among Phaseolus genotypes in both years. The whole genome of these Phaseolus spp. [snap bean (n = 82); Lima bean (n = 2)] genotypes was sequenced and genetic variability among them was identified. Over 900 giga-base (Gb) of filtered data were generated and >88% of the resulting data were mapped to the reference genome, and SNP and Indel variants in Phaseolus spp. genotypes were obtained. A total of 645,729 SNPs and 68,713 Indels, including 30,169 insertions and 38,543 deletions, were identified, which were distributed in 11 chromosomes with chromosome 02 harboring the maximum number of variants. This phenotypic and genotypic information will be helpful in genome-wide association studies that will aid in identifying the genetic basis of resistance to these begomoviruses in Phaseolus spp.
The Role of Mentoring in a Dual-Mentored Scalable CS Research Program

Despite the documented importance of mentoring in undergraduate research, few studies examine how students---especially early undergraduates in computing---perceive their relationships with their mentors. We present a qualitative thematic analysis of the mentoring practices used in an inclusive, structured computer science research program targeting second-year undergraduates across two large public research universities in the United States. Uniquely in this program, students had two mentoring sources: a technical mentor for each research group and a graduate student mentor common to all groups. We analyzed reflections on mentoring from 64 undergraduate researchers at two points in the program. We compared the roles of the two mentors, characterized students' perceptions of both successful and unsuccessful mentors, and examined how mentoring relationships evolved. Generally, students valued mentors who provided project guidance or technical support and who were perceived to be friendly. We found that the roles of the two mentors were complementary in sometimes surprising ways. Overall, our analysis confirms prior work on undergraduate research mentoring, and provides new insights into the unique benefits of a dual-mentoring approach and how to best support early undergraduate computing researchers.
Height Prediction and Refinement From Aerial Images With Semantic and Geometric Guidance

Deep learning provides a powerful new approach to many computer vision tasks. Height prediction from aerial images is one of those tasks which benefited greatly from the deployment of deep learning, thus replacing traditional multi-view geometry techniques. This manuscript proposes a two-stage approach to solve this task, where the first stage is a multi-task neural network whose main branch is used to predict the height map resulting from a single RGB aerial input image, while being augmented with semantic and geometric information from two additional branches. The second stage is a refinement step, where a denoising autoencoder is used to correct some errors in the first stage prediction results, producing a more accurate height map. Experiments on two publicly available datasets show that the proposed method is able to outperform state-of-the-art computer vision based and deep learning-based height prediction methods. Code is publicly available at: https://github.com/melhousni/DSMNet .
Computational methods for protein localization prediction.

Abstract The accurate annotation of protein localization is crucial in understanding protein function in tandem with a broad range of applications such as pathological analysis and drug design. Since most proteins do not have experimentally-determined localization information, the computational prediction of protein localization has been an active research area for more than two decades. In particular, recent machine-learning advancements have fueled the development of new methods in protein localization prediction. In this review paper, we first categorize the main features and algorithms used for protein localization prediction. Then, we summarize a list of protein localization prediction tools in terms of their coverage, characteristics, and accessibility to help users find suitable tools based on their needs. Next, we evaluate some of these tools on a benchmark dataset. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future exploration of protein localization methods.
A new force field for H2S and its binary and ternary mixtures with CO2 and CH4

Abstract We present a new force field for H 2 S, based on an exponential-6 functional form for the repulsion–dispersion interactions and a charge distribution. This force field is used in a series of Expanded Wang–Landau (EWL) simulations, which allow to obtain an accurate estimate for the partition function and thus provides access to all thermodynamic properties of the system. The simulation results show that this new force field yields accurate values for the VLE properties of pure H 2 S. For binary mixtures of H 2 S with CH 4 , EWL results, obtained with this force field and the standard combining rules, are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In line with previous work, no combining rules were found to perform well for the H 2 S–CO 2 binary mixture and parameters for the interactions between unlike sites were optimized to obtain an excellent agreement for this mixture. We finally extend the EWL simulation method to simulate phase equilibria for ternary mixtures of H 2 S with CH 4 and CO 2 and show that the parameters obtained in this work model accurately the vapor–liquid coexistence in these ternary mixtures.
A Review of Human Osteology—A Laboratory and Field Manual Third Edition

This is a book that the author should be proud of for its success in North American osteology. This success can be measured by the fact that it is in its third edition and the first two went through their sixth and fourth printings, respectively, since it was first published in 1971. This third edition (unlike the second) is completely revised and updated throughout. It is 40 pages longer and contains 54 tables and 190 figures (11 tables and 32 figures more than the 1979 edition). The font size is larger and the book is available in both spiral and bound forms. While I personally preferred the bound form, my students disagreed.
The role of trophic factors in behavioral recovery and integration of transplants.

Publisher Summary Transplants may stimulate vascularization, remove toxic substances, or promote neuronal survival and growth through neurotrophic interactions between host and transplant. This chapter discusses the relative contributions of trophic factors vs. circuitry restoration in recovery of function. It appears that the brain responds to injury by producing trophic factors that increase cell survival and they promote growth of neuritis. While transplants can apparently restore function by providing trophic support to remaining host tissues, or by replacing non-specific neuromodulatory or neurohumoral systems, their ability to restore function via the reconstitution of specific circuits and the subsequent restoration of information flow and processing may be much more limited. The anatomical and electrophysiological data still suggest that the restoration of specific functional connections may be possible, if sufficient numbers of appropriate connections can be established. Further progress in the transplant-induced functional recovery is anticipated as new and better ways of facilitating the establishment of graft-host interconnections are discovered.
Signaling Pathways Regulating CD44-Dependent Cytolysis in Natural Killer Cells

CD44 is a cytotoxic triggering molecule on activated, but not fresh natural killer (NK) cells. In the current study, metabolic pathways used in CD44-directed lysis (CD44DL) were examined using activated human NK cells as effectors. We found that CD44 expressed by activated NK cells was indistinguishable in isoform and molecular weight from CD44 on unactivated cells. However, de novo protein expression was required for the induction of CD44DL, suggesting that activated NK cells contain proteins not present in fresh NK cells that couple CD44 to the lytic machinery. Concanimycin A, a selective inhibitor of perforin-based cytolysis, totally blocked CD44DL, natural cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC). Moreover, studies in which kinase inhibitors were added during the effector phase of lysis indicated that protein-tyrosine and ser/thr kinases were required for all three cytolytic activities and that protein kinase C played a nonessential role in lysis. By contrast, wortmannin totally inhibited CD44DL, but failed to block natural cytotoxicity and only partially blocked ADCC, suggesting that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is required at an early, receptor-specific stage of CD44DL. Finally, cytochalasin B enhanced CD44DL, but not ADCC, indicating that CD44DL is modulated by actin polymerization. Taken together, our data suggest that CD44 in NK cells interacts with proteins induced during interleukin-2 activation in a triggering pathway that induces perforin release, requires PI 3-kinase, and is modulated by the cytoskeleton.
Disposable digital dry powder micro-nebulizer device for drug storage and triggered release

This paper presents the fabrication and testing of a microfabricated dry powder digital nebulizer device for drug storage and triggered release. The device consists of arrays of 40 µm deep sealed cavities of different volumes loaded with solid powder particles on a flexible polymer film. Each discrete cavity contains its own micro-heater triggered release mechanism. Approximately 49 mJ of heater energy is required to release 1.35 µg of powder to a gas stream in less than a second. This disposable and low-cost micro-nebulizer powder storage device has potential for use in inexpensive, long duration storage and controlled release of powder drugs for treatment of cystic fibrosis, asthma and other respiratory diseases.
Assays for phospholipase D reaction products.

The phospholipase D (PLD) reaction generates molecules with important biological activities. The direct product, phosphatidic acid (PA), has generally been considered as the major potential messenger molecule generated by PLD activation. However, a potential downstream metabolite of PA, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), has also attracted extensive attention because of its diverse biological activities. LPA plays a potential role in some human cancers, on the basis of the clinical observation that LPA levels are elevated in serum and ascites fluid from human ovarian cancer patients. Both PA and LPA are not only second-messenger molecules, but also precursors and/or intermediates for some lipids important in signaling, such as diacylglycerol (DG) and monoglyceride (MG). Studies of the mechanisms of receptor-PLD coupling have implicated multiple pathways including protein kinase C (PKC), small GTPases, and tyrosine kinases.