cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has generally increased levels of stress and depression among the public. However, the impact on college students in the United States has not been well-documented. Objective: This paper surveys the mental health status and severity of depression and anxiety of college students in a large university system in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online survey was conducted among undergraduate and graduate students recruited from Texas A&M University via email. The survey consisted of two standardized scales—the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the General Anxiety Disorder-7—for depression and anxiety, and additional multiple-choice and open-ended questions regarding stressors and coping mechanisms specific to COVID-19. Results: Among the 2031 participants, 48.14% (n=960) showed a moderate-to-severe level of depression, 38.48% (n=775) showed a moderate-to-severe level of anxiety, and 18.04% (n=366) had suicidal thoughts. A majority of participants (n=1443, 71.26%) indicated that their stress/anxiety levels had increased during the pandemic. Less than half of the participants (n=882, 43.25%) indicated that they were able to cope adequately with the stress related to the current situation. Conclusions: The proportion of respondents showing depression, anxiety, and/or suicidal thoughts is alarming. Respondents reported academic-, health-, and lifestyle-related concerns caused by the pandemic. Given the unexpected length and severity of the outbreak, these concerns need to be further understood and addressed.
Evaluation of Zoetis GeneMax Advantage genomic predictions in commercial Bos taurus Angus cattle

ABSTRACT The GeneMax (GMX) Advantage test, developed by Zoetis, uses approximately 50,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to predict the genomic potential of a commercial Angus heifer. Genetic predictions are provided for Calving Ease Maternal, Weaning Weight, Heifer Pregnancy, Milk, Mature Weight, Dry Matter Intake, Carcass Weight, Marbling, and Yield. Indices of economically important traits are estimated on an index score (1-100 scale) and are divided into three indices; Cow Advantage index, Feeder Advantage index, and Total Advantage index. The indices provide a genomic prediction of the profitability of the cow’s calves. Therefore, test results can inform selection and culling decisions made by commercial beef cattle producers. To measure the accuracy of the trait predictions, data from commercial Angus females and their progeny at the University of Missouri Thompson Research Center was utilized to analyze weaning weight, milk, marbling, fat, ribeye area, and carcass weight. Progeny phenotypic data was matched to the respective dam, then the cow’s genomic predictions were compared to the calf’s age-adjusted phenotypes using correlation and linear models. All tested GeneMax scores of the dam were significantly correlated with and predicted calf performance. Our predicted effect sizes, except for fat thickness, were similar to those reported by Zoetis. In conclusion, the GeneMax Advantage test accurately ranks animals based on their genetic merit and is an effective selection tool in commercial cowherds.
Use of HFE Guidance for the Review of Nuclear Power Plants

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) evaluates the human factors engineering (HFE) of nuclear power plant design and operations to protect public health and safety. The HFE safety reviews e...
Mammalian complex III heme dynamics studied with pump-probe spectroscopy and red light illuminations.

The electronic or molecular mechanisms that initiate photobiomodulation (PBM) in cells are not yet fully understood. The porcine complex III (C-III) of the electron transport chain was characterized with transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS). We then applied our recently developed continuous wave laser coupled TAS procedure (CW-TAS) to investigate the effect of red light irradiances on the heme dynamics of C-III in its c1 reduced state. The time constants were found to be 3.3 ± 0.3 ps for vibrational cooling of the oxidized state and 4.9 ± 0.4 ps for rebinding of the photodissociated axial ligand of the c1 reduced state. The analysis of the CW-TAS procedure yielded no significant changes in the C-III heme dynamics. We rule out the possibility of 635 nm CW light at 4.7 mW/cm2 inducing a PBM effect on the heme dynamic of C-III, specifically with the photodissociation of its axial ligand.
On the Mode of Being of Living Beings and Their Environment

We may describe our present task as the establishing of a starting point for theoretical biology or a philosophy of living beings utilizing an ecological approach. The term “ecological” here draws its meaning from the provenience of its original use by biologists and behavioral scientists. Consider, for example, the following recent statement by biologists Bogon, Harper, and Townsend, who define ecology as “the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.”1 It is in terms then of this, its primary meaning, that I describe philosophy as displaying an ecological approach, and not the secondary, derived — and to a large extent, popular — meaning as found in the expression “ecological ethics.”
The Alliance-Outcome Association in CBT and Usual Care for Youth Depression Delivered in Community Settings

THE ALLIANCE-OUTCOME ASSOCIATION IN CBT AND USUAL CARE FOR YOUTH DEPRESSION DELIVERED IN COMMUNITY SETTINGS By Shelley Beth Avny, B.S. A thesis defense submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Director of Thesis: Bryce D. McLeod, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Psychology The child-therapist alliance is believed to be a critical ingredient of successful psychotherapy for youth depression. However, only a few studies have examined the association between the alliance and clinical outcomes in the treatment of youth depression. The present thesis examined the alliance-outcome association in two treatments for youth depression: cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and usual clinical care (UC). Data were from an effectiveness trial conducted in six community clinics (see Weisz et al., 2009). Forty-one youth were randomly assigned to receive CBT or UC from community clinicians. The observed early alliance, alliance shifts, and self-reported alliance did not significantly predict childor parentreported depression outcome. However, the direction and strength of the alliance-outcome associations differed across alliance methodology (selfand observer-report) and condition (CBT and UC). Early child alliance did significantly predict treatment satisfaction. Implications and limitations of the results are discussed.
Poly[[bis-[μ-1,4-bis-(3-pyridylmeth-yl)piperazine-κ2 N: N′]dichlorido-cadmium(II)] tetra-hydrate]

In the title compound, {[CdCl2(C16H20N4)2]·4H2O}n, octa­hedrally coordinated CdII ions, situated on crystallographic inversion centres, bearing trans-disposed chloride ligands, are linked into (4,4)-grid coordination polymer layers by tethering 1,4-bis­(3-pyridylmeth­yl)piperazine ligands. The layers are aligned parallel to the (\overline{1}01) crystal planes and aggregate by means of O—H⋯N, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding mechanisms imparted by cyclic water mol­ecule tetra­mers.
Sensitivity based testing of nonlinear circuits

The authors present a sensitivity-based method to test nonlinear circuits with small variations of element parameters. Several excitation levels and signal frequencies are used to improve system testability. This method is illustrated using piecewise-linear models, although it can be generalized to handle other nonlinear characteristics. The QR algorithm is used to select test points and ensure numerical stability. In the case of a sufficient number of measurement points, a linear, fault verification technique can also be used. >
Optimizing Ablative Therapy: Manipulating the Microenvironment

Efforts to optimize ablative therapies rely on an understanding of the combinatorial effects of the biophysical events related to the “energy” component of the therapy and the molecular mechanisms of response that, together, impact stress levels on cancer cells and therefore efficacy. Cryoablation is long recognized for its destructive action based on biophysical parameters associated with ice intrusion on cellular and tissue structure. More recent evidence has revealed a complex set of molecular responses that provides a path for optimization using cryosensitizing agents. In this chapter, we identify those elements key to effective cryoablation and likely future approaches designed to optimize cancer cell mortality while reducing damage to nontargeted, adjacent tissues.
Integrated lithium niobate nonlinear optical devices

We demonstrate robust and scalable fabrication of lithium niobate nanophotonic devices including microdisk and microring resonators. Our devices feature optical quality factors over 105 and are promising for nonlinear optical applications.
Fifteen minutes of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation acutely increases thermal pain thresholds in healthy adults

BACKGROUND: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex appears to alter pain perception in healthy adults and in patients with chronic neuropathic pain. There is, however, emerging brain imaging evidence that the left prefrontal cortex is involved in pain inhibition in humans.
Can social relationships explain the race paradox in mental health

Biomedical research consistently finds that Blacks have worse physical health than Whites, an expected pattern given Blacks' greater exposure to psychosocial stress, poverty, and discrimination. Yet there is surprising lack of consensus regarding race differences in mental health, with most scholars finding similar or better mental health outcomes among Blacks than Whites. Past research often attributes this “race paradox in mental health” to the notion that Blacks have stronger family networks than Whites, yet few studies have explicitly tested whether stronger family relationships among Blacks (if they exist) can account for these findings. Using data from the 2003–2005 National Survey of American Life (N = 4,259) revealed that minimal race differences in family relationships fail to explain the race paradox in mental health. The results have implications for mental health measurement, the provision of culturally appropriate mental health care, and how scholars understand the nature of family relationships among Black Americans.
Application of two-point difference schemes to the conservative Euler equations for one-dimensional flows

An implicit finite-difference method is presented for obtaining steady-state solutions to the time-dependent, conservative Euler equations for flows containing shocks. The method uses a two-point central difference scheme with dissipation added at supersonic points via the retarded density concept. Application of the method to the one-dimensional nozzle flow equations for various combinations of subsonic and supersonic boundary conditions show the method to be very efficient. Residuals are typically reduced to machine zero in approximately 35 time steps for 50 mesh points. It is shown that the scheme offers certain advantages over the more widely-used three-point schemes, especially in regard to application of boundary conditions.
Reflectivity of single micron size irregularly shaped dust grains.

We have developed a microscopic technique to measure the optical albedo of single, micron size (5 to 7 μm in diameter) irregularly shaped dust grains in the wavelength range of λ ~ .35 μm to 0.6 μm. The experimental setup consists of a microscope, photometer, polarization analyzer and light sources. The illuminating spot size is limited to 5 μm in diameter. Dust grains are mounted on the tip of a thin (1 μm) glass fiber in order to reduce the background illumination. Our results on single, micron size carbonaceous chrondite type meteorites with application to the optical properties of interplanetary dust grains and stratospheric particles are presented. Our results indicate that single grains of carbonaceous chrondite material have an optical albedo of 5% at λ ~ .35 μm which decreases to 2% at λ ~ 0.55 μm. Scattered light from single grains is strongly polarized and it also exhibits an angular dependence.
Quantal Aspects of Consonant Production and Perception: A Study of Retroflex Stop Consonants.

Abstract: The acoustic properties and perceptual characteristics of retroflex stop consonants were explored to determine: (1) if there is an area of acoustic stability which defines the articulatory dimension “retroflexion”; (2) if the range of acoustic characteristics spanning dental to retroflex to velar consonants can be described in terms of discrete properties that are perceived categorically. Acoustic properties of retroflex consonants were determined and were interpreted in terms of acoustic theory. The effectiveness of the various acoustic attributes as cues for identification of retroflex stop consonants was tested by generating CV syllables on a terminal–analog speech synthesizer. The bursts and formant transitions of the syllables were systematically altered to encompass a range of sounds that included dental, retroflex, and velar consonants. The stimuli were presented for identification to eight Hindi-speaking subjects. Three discrete acoustic ranges of stimuli were identified corresponding to the phonetic categories [t ṭ k]: falling F2 and F3 and a high-burst frequency around 4000 Hz for [t]; falling F2, rising F3, and a burst frequency above F3 for [ṭ]; and falling F2, rising F3, and a burst frequency between F2 and F3 for [k]. These results are considered in relation to the quantal theory, auditory property detectors, and theoretical notions of markedness.
SP-CNN: A Scalable and Programmable CNN-Based Accelerator

Specialized accelerators have become prevalent in many mobile computing platforms for their ability to perform certain tasks, such as image processing, at a lower power cost than a generalized CPU or GPU. In this article, the authors focus on using cellular neural networks (CNNs) as a specialized accelerator. CNN is a neural computing paradigm that is well suited for image processing applications. However, hardware implementations were originally developed to handle only relatively small image sizes. The authors propose SP-CNN, an architecture and a multiplexing algorithm that provides scalability to CNN applications. The authors demonstrate the proposed multiplexing algorithms over a set of six image processing benchmarks and present a performance analysis of SP-CNN.
Role of IME1 expression in regulation of meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Two signals are required for meiosis and spore formation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: starvation and the MAT products a1 and alpha 2, which determine the a/alpha cell type. These signals lead to increased expression of the IME1 (inducer of meiosis) gene, which is required for sporulation and sporulation-specific gene expression. We report here the sequence of the IME1 gene and the consequences of IME1 expression from the GAL1 promoter. The deduced IME1 product is a 360-amino-acid protein with a tyrosine-rich C-terminal region. Expression of PGAL1-IME1 in vegetative a/alpha cells led to moderate accumulation of four early sporulation-specific transcripts (IME2, SPO11, SPO13, and HOP1); the transcripts accumulated 3- to 10-fold more after starvation. Two sporulation-specific transcripts normally expressed later (SPS1 and SPS2) did not accumulate until PGAL1-IME1 strains were starved, and the intact IME1 gene was not activated by PGAL1-IME1 expression. In a or alpha cells, which lack alpha 2 or a1, expression of PGAL1-IME1 led to the same pattern of IME2 and SPO13 expression as in a/alpha cells, as measured with ime2::lacZ and spo13::lacZ fusions. Thus, in wild-type strains, the increased expression of IME1 in starved a/alpha cells can account entirely for cell type control, but only partially for nutritional control, of early sporulation-specific gene expression. PGAL1-IME1 expression did not cause growing cells to sporulate but permitted efficient sporulation of amino acid-limited cells, which otherwise sporulated poorly. We suggest that IME1 acts primarily as a positive regulator of early sporulation-specific genes and that growth arrest is an independent prerequisite for execution of the sporulation program.
The origin of collapse features appearing in a migrating parabolic dune along the southern coast of Lake Michigan

Abstract Dune decomposition chimneys are collapse features formed when migrating dunes encroach on a forest and buried trees subsequently decay, leaving a temporarily stable open hole. The recent appearance of holes on the stoss slope of Mount Baldy at the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore provided an opportunity for study of such features. Mount Baldy is a large parabolic dune that is rapidly migrating onshore over a late Holocene landscape with stabilized relict parabolic dunes that supported oak (Quercus spp.) trees visible on the 1939 aerial photo. Individual holes were mapped to locations on the dune surface that would directly overlie the arm of a buried relict parabolic dune. Analyses of buried trees and surrounding sediment indicated that saprotrophic wood decay fungi continue to actively decompose trees after burial and biomineralization of a calcium-carbonate-rich cement occurs at the contact between organic material and sands. Scanning electron microscopy of the cement showed neoformed authigenic minerals and organic structures consistent in morphology with fungal hyphae. We propose that, within the dune, portions of the decayed trees progressively collapse and infill, and open holes are temporarily stabilized by the calcium-carbonate-rich cement. Further, holes can exist undetected at the surface, covered by a thin veneer of sand. Migrating dune systems are observed in many coastal and inland areas. Ongoing work must address the relative contributions of individual environmental factors on the formation of dune decomposition chimneys, including the biomineralization of cement, sand mineralogy, rate of dune movement, tree species, climate, and the composition of fungal communities.
Intrarenal Supernumerary Ovary

Ectopic ovarian tissue is a rare developmental anomaly that has been identified in the uterus, bladder, omentum, mesentery, and pelvic and retroperitoneal soft tissue. We report an intrarenal supernumerary ovary identified incidentally in a kidney removed for renal cell carcinoma. To our knowledge this is the first case of this lesion reported at this location.
Crack growth threshold in soda lime silicate glass: role of hold-time

Abstract Atomic force microscopy was used to examine the shapes of cracks and residual features left behind on the fracture surface after holding cracks at a stress–intensity factor below the fatigue threshold for soda lime silicate glass. After propagating a crack at a stress–intensity factor of K I =0.37 MPa m 1/2 , the crack was held either at K I =0.24 MPa m 1/2 , or K I =0.1 MPa m 1/2 for periods ranging from 1 h to approximately 200 h. Cracks held at the higher K I left featureless lines on the fracture surface. Becoming more pronounced as the hold-time increased, these lines marked the position of a corrosive notch that formed during the hold period. At about 30 nm from the crack tip, the crack surface displacement decreased reaching zero at the crack tip. The crack tip shape was that of an ogee arch. At the lower hold valued of K I , crack bifurcation occurred during which the crack became wavy, part of the crack propagating into the crack plane, part out of the crack plane when the crack was repropagated. A smaller crack tip displacement was observed for these cracks. Results of this study are believed to be a consequence of corrosion of the fracture surface caused by a basic solution formed when alkali ions (Na + and K + ) at the crack tip exchange with hydrogen ions in solution.
THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THIO SUGAR ESTERS OF DIORGANYLARSINOUS ACIDS

Abstract The synthesis of diorganylarsino derivatives of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranose and 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-acetyl-6-thio-β-D-glucopyranose is described. The diorganyl groups used are: dihexadecyl, didodecyl, di-n-octyl, dicyclohexyl, dibutyl, dipropyl, diethyl, methyl-n-propyl and 2-hydroxyethylmethyl. The compounds have been characterized by proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. All spectral data are consistent with the proposed structures. The compounds prepared have been screened to determine whether they display carcinostatic activity. In vivo tests in mice with lymphocytic leukemia (PS 388) have afforded preliminary results which indicate that the diethylarsino derivative of 1-thioglucose tetraacetate may have a high level of activity. Results obtained with the dihexadecylarsino derivatives are also promising.
Transfer of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins between cells in culture.

Abstract Evidence is presented for transfer of proteins between cells in culture, using techniques which previously have shown RNA transfer and the lack of DNA transfer between cells in culture. These techniques involved making donor cells heavier than recipient cells by having them ingest tantalum particles. After coculture of donor and recipient cells the two cell types were separated by centri- fugation on Ficoll gradients and the recipient cells analyzed for radioactively labeled proteins that may have passed from the prelabeled donor cells. These techniques also provided evidence for passage of donor cell proteins to recipient cell nuclei. Examination of the nuclear proteins in the recipient cells revealed that histones were transferred intercellularly to a greater extent than other nuclear proteins. The histone subfractions in the recipient cell nuclei were studied by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. No major differences were found in the proportion of each histone subfraction that was transferred to the recipient cell nuclei.
Noradrenergic Function in Panic Anxiety: Effects of Yohimbine in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder

• Yohimbine, an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist that increases noradrenergic function, was administered to 20 healthy subjects and 39 drug-free patients with agoraphobia and panic attacks. Following drug administration, changes in plasma levels of the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), BP, pulse rate, and subjective ratings of feelings and somatic symptoms were examined during a four-hour period. Yohimbine produced significantly greater increases in patient-rated anxiety, nervousness, palpitations, hot and cold flashes, restlessness, tremors, piloerection, and sitting systolic BP in the total patient group compared with healthy subjects. There were significant correlations between the yohimbine-induced rise in plasma MHPG level and patient-rated anxiety and nervousness and the frequency of reported panic attacks. Patients experiencing frequent panic attacks (>2.5 per week) had a significantly greater plasma MHPG response to yohimbine than the healthy subjects and patients having less frequent panic attacks. These observations support a hypothesis of increased sensitivity to augmented noradrenergic function in anxiety states associated with panic, and they suggest that impaired presynaptic noradrenergic neuronal regulation may exist in patients with frequent panic attacks.
In defense of the mirror thesis

In this journal, Luke Russell defends a sophisticated dispositional account of evil personhood according to which a person is evil just in case she is strongly and highly fixedly disposed to perform evil actions in conditions that favour her autonomy. While I am generally sympathetic with this account, I argue that Russell wrongly dismisses the mirror thesis—roughly, the thesis that evil people are the mirror images of the morally best sort of persons—which I have defended elsewhere. Russell’s rejection of the mirror thesis depends upon an independently implausible account of moral sainthood, one that is implausible for reasons that Russell himself suggests in another context. Indeed, an account of moral sainthood that parallels Russell’s account of evil personhood is plausible for the same reasons that his account of evil personhood is, and that suggests that Russell himself is actually committed to the mirror thesis.
The high-latitude EUV source HD192273 as a low-mass binary

The B star HD192273 was tentatively identified1 as an extremeultraviolet (EUV) source. Photometry2 and photographic spectra of this star show that the optical and EUV fluxes fit a model with Te = 27,000 K and log g = 4.8, values reasonably close to those of a normal B2 V star. However, if HD 192273 is such a normal main-sequence star, its distance D is ∼4 kpc, difficult to reconcile with the low line-of-sight column density (<1018 cm−2 over the 4-kpc path), the low radial velocity (−24 km s−1), and the high distance (∼2 kpc) out of the galactic plane. Instead, we suggest that this object is an analogue of HZ22, an evolved, low-mass component of a binary3, where the spectroscopic log g is consistent with a relatively small radius (0.1–1 R⊙ and a small distance D of 100–200 pc. Such a suggestion can explain both the low H I column density and the small radial velocity.
Land acquisition and irrigation in Nigeria

Abstract With land as Nigeria's most important asset, successive local and central governments have sought to control the acquisition of land so that it may be put to optimal use by the population of 70 million. The author looks into the theory of land acquisition and its history in Nigeria, with special reference to a number of irrigation projects. He examines in depth the actions and attitudes of the developers in several cases and notes a lack of consistency and consideration on their part. The author records the resulting opposition to any irrigation project due to the injustices such schemes have engendered in the past. He suggests a set of guidelines to bring an Improvement in relations between land-owners and the authorities, so that development projects are not held back and finally implemented in an atmosphere of hostility.
How to Perform Transabdominal Ultrasound-Guided Fetal Fluid Sampling in Mares

Little is known about the composition and physiology of fetal fluids in all domestic mammals in comparison with humans, where the amniotic fluid has been the focus of numerous reports. Previously, in the horse, there have been concerns regarding the safety of fetal fluid sampling and the risks to the well-being of the fetus and techniques limitations that may preclude serial assessment. The objective of this report was to describe a transabdominal ultrasound-guided technique to safely perform multiple fetal fluid collections during the last trimester of gestation in mares. Similar methodology has been described previously; however, here we described step by step how to perform fetal fluid sampling. Several illustrative images have been included to facilitate the understanding of the technique by others lacking experiences with the procedures. In addition, small modifications on the sedation protocols and sampling have been performed in the present study. Six light horse mares carrying normal singleton pregnancies (260–280 days of gestation) were sampled three times at 5- to 7-day intervals (i.e., 0, 5, and 12 days). There were no apparent complications using the protocol described here. All mares delivered normal foals uneventfully. We foresee that the publication of this report may be useful to other research laboratories interested in studying the fetal fluids in mares, as well as in specific clinical evaluations of fetal well-being in research mares.
Inhibition of the localization of urethane in mouse tissues by ethanol

Abstract [ethyl-1-14C]Urethane in water or in 12% ethanol was administered orally to male A/JAX mice and 1 hr later the mice were frozen and processed for whole-body autoradiography to identify sites of localization of radioactivity. When the [14C]urethane was administered in water, radioactivity was localized in the liver and bile, the salivary, seromucous and Harderian glands, the bone marrow and pancreas and the stomach and intestinal epithelia. When the labelled urethane was administered in 12% ethanol, localization of radioactivity in each of these sites was almost completely inhibited; radioactivity was still seen within the lumen of the stomach and intestine. Using a defined chemical system, no transesterification was observed between urethane and 12% aqueous [2H6]ethanol at pH 1.5 in 80 min. The inhibition of the localization of radioactivity in the tissues appears to be due most probably to blocking of the metabolism of urethane in tissues. This suggest that ethanol may inhibit the carcinogenicity of urethane in mice.
The Liaison's Role in Serving Agriculture & Life Sciences Information Users: A Review of the Literature

Developing an effective agriculture and life sciences (ALS) liaison program at a land grant institution can be challenging, as the liaison serves a wide variety of stakeholders with research, teaching, and Extension goals. New liaisons seeking to identify effective ways to support the land grant mission may desire guidance to select priority service areas. This article reviews ALS information user needs, as articulated by the users and their literature, to shed light on what they deem important. Services new ALS liaisons can consider to meet these needs within the 21st century land grant environment are then identified.
Materializing the Eighteenth Century: Dress History, Literature, and Interdisciplinary Study

Drawing on an interview with Linda Baumgarten, curator of clothing and textiles at Colonial Williamsburg, and recent interdisciplinary studies, this article considers how eighteenth-century scholars use the history of dress in literary history and cultural studies. It explores how the study of material culture can illuminate and complicate literary history, but also how dress history comprises its own language and ideas.
A Pressure Projection Method for Nearly Incompressible Rubber Hyperelasticity, Part I: Theory

A least-squares-based pressure projection method is proposed for the nonlinear analysis of nearly incompressible hyperelastic materials. The strain energy density function is separated into distortional and dilatational parts by the use of Penn's invariants such that the hydrostatic pressure is solely determined from the dilatational strain energy density. The hydrostatic pressure and hydrostatic pressure increment calculated from displacements are projected onto appropriate pressure fields through the least-squares method. The method is applicable to lower and higher order elements and the projection procedures can be implemented into the displacement based nonlinear finite element program. By the use of certain pressure interpolation functions and reduced integration rules in the pressure projection equations, this method can be degenerated to a nonlinear version of the selective reduced integration method.
Anodic dissolution of InP

An experimental study was conducted in order to select a suitable electrolytic solution and to optimize the anodic dissolution process of InP surface so as to be able to control the thinning of heavily doped surface layers of n/sup +/-p or p/sup +/-n InP structures. Several electrolytic solutions based on HCl, H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/, H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/, HF, CH/sub 3/COOH and H/sub 2/O/sub 2/ were investigated. From the analysis of electrochemical C-V, and I-V characteristics at different DC bias voltages and illumination levels and from scanning electron microscope inspection, it was determined that HF:CH/sub 3/COOH:H/sub 2/O/sub 2/:H/sub 2/O solution is a good candidate for rendering smooth surfaces, free of contamination and with good electrical characteristics, by anodic dissolution of n/sup +/- or p/sup +/-InP front surfaces. >
To have or not to have a handbook: The legal effect of employee handbooks on law enforcement agencies

Abstract This article analyzes recent state and federal court decisions on the effect of police department employee handbooks. Specifically, the questions of whether and when such manuals create an employment contract enforceable by the employee are discussed. The legal status of at-will employment doctrines in states and their interrelation with certain federal civil rights actions are examined. The situations in which police employee manuals have been used as bases for such actions are explored, along with factors considered by courts when deciding such suits. Trends in this area of law are identified, and steps the police executive can take to avoid adverse outcomes when drafting such manuals are suggested.
Useful Practices in Inclusive Education: A Preliminary View of What Experts in Moderate to Severe Disabilities are Saying:

We examined the opinions of experts in the field of moderate to severe disabilities on useful practices for inclusive education across nine categories of practices: Promoting inclusive values in the school; collaboration between general and special educators; collaboration between educators and related service providers; family involvement; choosing and planning what to teach; scheduling, coordinating, and delivering inclusive services within the school; assessing and reporting student progress on an ongoing basis; instructional strategies; and supporting students with challenging behavior. An examination of emergent themes within each category yielded a rich description of the depth and breadth of practices that are perceived by these experts as useful in promoting and sustaining successful school inclusion. Importantly, many of the identified practices require some level of educational service restructuring, including redefining the roles and functions of special education teachers, related services per...
Athletic or Sexy? A Comparison of Female Athletes and Fashion Models in Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issues

Using a modified version of Goffman’s (Gender advertisements. Harper Colophon, New York, 1976) gender display as a conceptual framework, this study examined the gendered body images of female athletes and female fashion models. We investigated sexualized female body images by comparing athletes with fashion models in Sports Illustrated (SI) swimsuit issues. Specifically, we used images of female athletes and female fashion models from SI swimsuit issues (n = 1,099) over the past 15 years (1997–2011). The variables analyzed included four photographic image categories: photo shot location, facial expression, body display, and hand display. The findings revealed few differences in sexual portrayals between female athletes and female fashion models.
Signal transduction through the Ras/Erk pathway is essential for the mycoestrogen zearalenone-induced cell-cycle progression in MCF-7 cells.

Zearalenone is a naturally occurring estrogenic contaminant of moldy feeds and is present in high concentrations in dairy products and cereals. Zearalenone was postulated to contribute to the overall estrogen load of women, but the mechanisms of its action are not known. We demonstrated that zearalenone could stimulate the growth of estrogen receptor-positive human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. In addition, zearalenone functioned as an antiapoptotic agent by increasing the survival of MCF-7 cell cultures undergoing apoptosis caused by serum withdrawal. Treatment of these cells with 100 nM zearalenone induced cell-cycle transit after increases in the expression of c-myc mRNA and cyclins D1, A, and B1 and downregulation of p27(Kip-1). G(1)/G(2)-phase kinase activity and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product was also evident. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated entry of cells into the S and G(2)/M phases of the cell cycle, and phosphorylation of histone H3 occurred 36 h after zearalenone treatment. Ectopic expression of a dominant-negative p21(ras) completely abolished the zearalenone-induced DNA synthesis in these cells, and the specific inhibitor PD98059 for mitogen/extracellular-regulated protein kinase kinase arrested S-phase entry induced by zearalenone. These data suggest that the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade is required for zearalenone's effects on cell-cycle progression in MCF-7 cells. Given the presence of this mycotoxin in cereals, milk, and meat, the possibility that zearalenone is a potential promoter of breast cancer tumorigenesis should be investigated further. Mol. Carcinog. 30:88-98, 2001.
Personal network correlates of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among homeless youth.

Background Youth who are homeless and on their own are among the most marginalized individuals in the United States and face multiple risks, including use of substances. This study investigates how the use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana among homeless youth may be influenced by characteristics of their social networks.
The chemical engineering side of nuclear fusion power

It is widely recognized that chemical engineering has important roles to play in the development of national and worldwide energy resources through optimal utilization of fossil fuel reserves. It is much less appreciated that there are crucial chemical engineering problems in the development of energy production from other sources. In particular, the successful development of nuclear fusion power generating systems will require the solution of many problems that are uniquely suited to chemical engineers. This paper presents a brief overview of the fusion development program for magnetically confined fusion power reactors and an identification of the major technological problems remaining to be solved.
Relationship between protease activity and a sialoglycopeptide inhibitor isolated from bovine brain.

We have recently described the isolation and purification to homogeneity of a new Sialoglycopeptide from bovine brain cell surfaces that reversibly inhibits protein synthesis and DNA synthesis of normal but not transformed cells. Active inhibitory preparations, however, were shown to contain a protease activity that was not lost upon purification. Several experiments were performed to establish the relationship between the proteolytic activity of the Sialoglycopeptide and the biological inhibitory activity. Both the protease activity and inhibitory activity were stable at pH 6–8 but were reduced or completely destroyed below pH 4 and above pH 9. Acid inactivation was reversible and upon dialysis, both the biological inhibitory and protease activities were regained. Deglycosylation and CNBr cleavage indicated that the polypeptide backbone, rather than carbohydrate moiety, played an important role in the protease and biological inhibitory activities. Furthermore, chemical modification of amino and tyrosine groups indicated that both residues are essential for both activities. Thus, the biological inhibitory activity and protease activity are very closely related and most likely reside with the same polypeptide sequence.
Reading and writing: Interrelated skills of literacy on the college level

Abstract The author proposes that the difficulty of many developmental/remedial college students is not a specifie reading or writing problem, but insufficient pre‐college experience with written discourse. Students' inexperience is manifested in two ways: in the surface or mechanical aspects of their reading and writing performance and in the intellectual or inference‐gathering skills they use to comprehend and compose written language. There is a discussion of the relative impact of instruction in reading on writing and the impact of instruction in writing on reading. The author argues that each process reinforces the other. The marriage of reading and writing is perfectly natural on the college level.
Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of hexoses, pentoses, and uronic acids after their reactions with concentrated sulfuric acid

Abstract The procedure described is a rapid, nonspecific micromethod for determining free sugars or glycosides in simple solutions. At sugar concentrations of 50 μg/ml, 0.25 ml may be analyzed with an accuracy of about ±2.5% in a single determination. This method is based upon the formation of UV-absorbing furan aldehydes in strong H 2 SO 4 . Although the strong absorption by furan aldehydes reduces interference from nonsugars, any substance absorbing near 300 mμ in H 2 SO 4 will cause some blank. The concentration of H 2 SO 4 is a most important variable because it determines not only the course of the sugar reactions but also the intensity and wavelength of light absorption by the products. A convenient concentration for many sugar analyses is 89% H 2 SO 4 produced by reacting 0.25 ml of sugar solution with 2.00 ml of 95.0% H 2 SO 4 . The molar absorptivity of the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde formed from hexoses increases appreciably with increasing H 2 SO 4 strength from 70 to 93%, thereby increasing the sensitivity of hexose measurements in the higher acid concentrations. Uronic acids react with 89% H 2 SO 4 to give 5-formyl-2-furoic acid as a major product. Ribose and 2-deoxyribose can be determined in 79% H 2 SO 4 , with some advantage in sensitivity to ribose as compared to current procedures which use 95% H 2 SO 4 .
An overview of the recent wideband transcutaneous wireless communication techniques

Neuroprosthetic devices such as cochlear and retinal implants need to deliver a large volume of data from external sensors into the body, while invasive brain-computer interfaces need to deliver sizeable amounts of data from the central nervous system to target devices outside of the body. Nonetheless, the skin should remain intact. This paper reviews some of the latest techniques to establish wideband wireless communication links across the skin.
Pierced for Success?: The Effects of Ear and Nose Piercing on Perceptions of Job Candidates’ Credibility, Attractiveness, and Hireability

This study examined the effect of body piercing on perceptions of an employment seeker's credibility, hirability, and attractiveness. Participants (undergraduate students and managers) viewed a photograph of a job candidate who wore either no jewelry, an earring, or a nose ring, and then rated dimensions of the candidate's credibility, hirability, and attractiveness. Analysis indicated that although the candidate's attractiveness ratings were not affected by the type of jewelry he wore, his credibility ratings decreased when he was wearing jewelry, and his hirability ratings decreased when he was wearing a nose ring. These results and their implications are discussed.
Time and temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of polystyrene bead foam

Tensile and compressive properties of polystyrene bead (PSB) foams at room temperature for strain rates from 10−3 to 105 min−1 can be represented as nearly linearly increasing functions of modulus or stress versus the logarithm of the strain rate. The shear modulus and tensile data, including failure properties, on 0.054 g/cc PSB foam at various temperatures and strain rates can be represented by master curves of log (stress or modulus) versus log (reduced strain rate). These master curves are formed by a time and temperature superposition method, wherein data at one temperature are superposed on data at another temperature by a shift along the log (strain rate) axis. These time–temperature shift factors are calculated using a form of the Arrhenius equation.
Transmission in the visceral ganglion of the fresh-water pelecypod, Elliptio complanatus—I. Light, fluorescence and electron microscopy☆

Abstract 1. 1. Two types of morphologically differentiated neurons have been described in the viscerial ganglion of Elliptio complanatus. 2. 2. Axo-somatic synapses have been found on neurons of Type II N. 3. 3. Synapses contain clear, dense core and uniformly dense vesicles. The dense core vesicles are like catecholamine-containing vesicles described in other systems. No synapses containing only clear synaptic vesicles have been found. 4. 4. Fluorescence studies indicate that monoamines are present in cell bodies and in the neuropile. 5. 5. Vesicles morphologically identical to synaptic vesicles are also found in neural cell bodies and in glial cell processes. 6. 6. Neurons and glial cells contain numerous inclusions of complex internal structure.
Xanthogranulomatous orchitis in a patient with a history of instrumentation and bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis (XGO) is a rare histological finding that is generally diagnosed at orchiectomy. To date, fewer than 10 reports of XGO exist in the literature. The exact pathogenesis of XGO is unknown and patients may present with a rapid onset of symptoms or a longer, more indolent course. We report a patient who presented with symptoms of epididymoorchitis, leukocytosis, and fever after an instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for bladder cancer.
REFRIGERATION RECOVERY FOR EXPERIMENT HALL HIGH TARGET LOADS

The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab (JLab) is a 3000 W hydrogen target scheduled for the summer of 2010 and running for two years until the planned shut‐down for 12 GeV. The End Station Refrigerator (ESR) supports the three experiment halls, two of which may normally have a hydrogen target. The refrigerator for the ESR is a CTI/Helix 1500 W 4.5‐K refrigerator nominally capable of supporting a 1250 W target load at 12 bar and 15‐K (plus 1100 W of 4.5‐K refrigeration). As such, this refrigerator is not capable of supporting the Qweak experiment target load in its present condition. Additionally, since the installation of an ambient air vaporizer for a single use, two week run duration of a high target load in the summer of 2003 there has been a consistent usage of the Central Helium Liquefier’s (CHL’s) 3 bar 4.5‐K helium, supplied via an existing transfer‐line to the ESR, for other high target loads. By the fall of 2004, it was apparent that this continued use of CHL’s supercritical helium was routinely b...
RANKing c-Jun in osteoclast development

Pathological bone loss always reflects enhanced net osteoclastic activity. Recognition and binding of the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) by RANK ligand (RANKL) is the key osteoclastogenic event, and the signaling cascades induced by this reaction therefore contain potential anti-osteoporosis therapeutic targets. A study reported in this issue of the JCI documents that a pivotal component of RANKL/RANK-mediated osteoclast recruitment involves sequential induction of the transcription factors c-Jun and nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 .