cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping the regulatory landscape of auditory hair cells from single-cell multi-omics data.

Auditory hair cells transduce sound to the brain and in mammals these cells reside together with supporting cells in the sensory epithelium of the cochlea, called the organ of Corti. To establish the organ's delicate function during development and differentiation, spatiotemporal gene expression is strictly controlled by chromatin accessibility and cell type-specific transcription factors, jointly representing the regulatory landscape. Bulk-sequencing technology and cellular heterogeneity obscured investigations on the interplay between transcription factors and chromatin accessibility in inner ear development. To study the formation of the regulatory landscape in hair cells, we collected single-cell chromatin accessibility profiles accompanied by single-cell RNA data from genetically labeled murine hair cells and supporting cells after birth. Using an integrative approach, we predicted cell type-specific activating and repressing functions of developmental transcription factors. Furthermore, by integrating gene expression and chromatin accessibility datasets, we reconstructed gene regulatory networks. Then, using a comparative approach, 20 hair cell-specific activators and repressors, including putative downstream target genes, were identified. Clustering of target genes resolved groups of related transcription factors and was utilized to infer their developmental functions. Finally, the heterogeneity in the single-cell data allowed us to spatially reconstruct transcriptional as well as chromatin accessibility trajectories, indicating that gradual changes in the chromatin accessibility landscape were lagging behind the transcriptional identity of hair cells along the organ's longitudinal axis. Overall, this study provides a strategy to spatially reconstruct the formation of a lineage specific regulatory landscape using a single-cell multi-omics approach.
Baculovirus actin-rearrangement-inducing factor ARIF-1 induces the formation of dynamic invadosome clusters.

Infection of insect cells with the baculovirus AcMNPV causes the formation of dynamic actin-rich invadosome structures. The viral protein ARIF-1 is necessary and sufficient for the formation of inv...
Energy Efficiency Technologies: Pacific NW US Case

This chapter presents a number of energy efficiency technologies that currently make up energy efficiency technology inventory of Bonneville power Administration (BPA). In Sect. 10.2, you will be presented with regional efforts toward uncovering the next generation of energy efficiency technologies along with a technology management framework that is currently being used in the region. In Sect. 10.3, you will also be presented with a list of prior energy efficiency technologies that has come out as an output of aforesaid framework and the full list of technologies that are currently being assessed.
The impact of the World Wide Web on idea generation

One apparent benefit Web use provides individuals is the opportunity to seek and find vast amounts of information on virtually any subject. By having more information available, it is reasonable to believe that a user would be able to generate more ideas than he/she would without Web support. Given that the Web is being used more frequently for information and research purposes, an experiment was performed to determine whether Web use can enhance idea generation performance. Preliminary results indicate that while Web use does not harm idea generation performance, it does not help. But, users perceive the Web to be significantly helpful. It is hoped the findings from this project will enhance Web use and development for information and idea gathering.
Performance analysis of FDDI as a backend network interconnecting heterogeneous workstations in a distributed system

A simulation model of an FDDI token ring used as a backend network to connect heterogeneous workstations in a distributed system is presented. In order to test the viability of FDDI in such an environment, the model simulates an execution of a 256-point FFT (fast Fourier transform). The process of execution was distributed among heterogeneous stations (SUN SPARC 1/sup +/ and IBM RISC 6000). The analysis is based on the modeling and simulation of the MAC (media access control) layer, which is the lower sublayer of the data link layer (OSI reference model). Comparing the results obtained from simulation and analytical analysis to those of executing the 256-point FFT on a stand-alone station, the performance of a distributed computing system based on FDDI is better by a factor of 3.45. However, as simulation results show, a station remains idle waiting for a token approximately 98% of the time (versus 2% computing). Reducing the number of stations in this kind of application would decrease the waiting time; however, an optimum solution should be investigated case by case. >
An Ecological Momentary Assessment analysis of relations among coping, affect and smoking during a quit attempt.

Aims This study used Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data from smokers trying to quit to assess relations among coping, positive affect, negative affect and smoking. The effects of stress coping on affect and smoking were examined. Design Data from a randomized clinical trial of smoking cessation treatments were submitted to multi-level modeling to test the effects of coping with stressful events on subsequent affect and smoking. Setting Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, Madison, Wisconsin. Participants A total of 372 adult daily smokers who reported at least one stressful event and coping episode and provided post-quit data. Measurements Participants' smoking, coping and affect were assessed in near real time with multiple EMA reports using electronic diaries pre- and post-quit. Findings Multi-level models indicated that a single coping episode did not predict a change in smoking risk over the next 4 or 48 hours, but coping in men was associated with concurrent reports of increased smoking. Coping predicted improved positive and negative affect reported within 4 hours of coping, but these affective gains did not predict reduced likelihood of later smoking. Pre-quit coping frequency and gender moderated post-quit stress coping relations with later positive affect. Men and those with greater pre-quit coping frequency reported greater gains in positive affect following post-quit coping. Conclusions Coping responses early in a quit attempt may help smokers trying to quit feel better, but may not help them stay smoke-free.
Medical comorbidity is associated with persistent index hip pain after total hip arthroplasty.

Objective To characterize whether medical comorbidity predicts persistent moderate-severe pain after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods We analyzed the prospectively collected data from the Mayo Clinic Total Joint Registry for patients who underwent primary or revision THA between 1993 and 2005. Using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses, we examined whether certain medical comorbidities were associated with persistent moderate-severe hip pain 2 or 5 years after primary or revision THA. Odds ratios (ORs), along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and P value, are presented. Results The primary THA cohort consisted of 5,707 THAs and 3,289 THAs at 2 and 5 years, and revision THA, 2,687 and 1,627 THAs, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, in the primary THA cohort, renal disease was associated with lower odds of moderate-severe hip pain (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.3, 1.0) at 2 years. None of the comorbidities were significantly associated at 5 years. In the revision THA cohort, heart disease was significantly associated with higher risk (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1, 2.6) at 2 years and connective tissue disease with lower risk (OR 0.5; 95% CI 0.3, 0.9) of moderate-severe hip pain at 5-year follow-up. Conclusion This study identified new correlates of moderate-severe hip pain after primary or revision THA, a much-feared outcome of hip arthroplasty. Patients with these comorbidities should be informed regarding the risk of moderate-severe index hip pain, so that they can have a fully informed consent and realistic expectations.
Evaluation of simple to complex parameterizations of bare ground evaporation

Integrated hydrologic models coupled to land surface models link water and energy movement among the subsurface, land surface, and atmosphere. These connections are especially important when estimating a complex, nonlinear process like evaporation. A comprehensive sensitivity study of an evaporation parameterization was conducted using the integrated ParFlow-Common Land Model (PF-CLM). Estimates of ground evaporation using three forms of the same equation, two simplified closed-form solutions and one fully-coupled PF-CLM equation, are systematically compared. The parameterizations vary in complexity, coupling strength, and nonlinearity. Forcing data from three climate regions (alpine, plains, and tropical) are used to compare estimates of bare ground evaporation across all three formulations, thus exploring the process and coupling sensitivity in a novel way. The overall behavior of ground evaporation is consistent throughout the year for all parameterizations, but magnitudes vary with respect to parameterization complexity during energy-limited and water-limited times of the year. A relationship between ground evaporation and ground temperature is shown to exist across all climates and aggregate by pressure, wind speed, and air temperature in the plains climate. Furthermore, results show how increasing complexity through the addition of land surface conditions, atmospheric conditions, and atmospheric stability uniquely compound to influence the relationship between bare ground evaporation and subsurface pressure. Identification of sensitive interactions and unique relationships is necessary to further understand and predict hydrologic processes like evaporation.
miR-155-SOCS1 as a Functional Axis: Satisfying the Burden of Proof.

The importance of individual target genes for miRNA activity has been difficult to establish. In this issue of Immunity, Lu et al. (2015) disrupt the miR-155 binding site in the SOCS1 3′ UTR in the mouse germline and show that this axis is important for T and NK cell function.
Gallium arsenide monolithic microwave integrated circuits in IBM

The activities at IBM Owego to design and manufacture gallium arsenide (GaAs) monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) for electronic support measure (ESM) microwave receivers are reviewed. The process, circuit design concepts and elements, and completed integrated circuits with results are described. The number of circuit design iterations involving actual wafer fabrication can be significantly reduced, often to one iteration, by the use of accurate design modeling. Much time is spent checking the correlation between predicted and measured results of basic circuit elements such as FETs, coils, capacitors, resistors, diodes, and microwave transmission lines. Often the coupling between these elements is important because of the close spacing required from small size. Once these models are proven to be accurate and realistic, it is then a simple and quick process to use them in the CAD program to generate many different circuit functions. Once the active and passive element models are complete, predictable integrated circuits are readily constructed. The finished devices are mounted in gold plated kovar packages to form more complex higher level functions. >
Characterization of MgO(1 0 0) thin film growth on Mo(1 0 0)

Abstract Various MgO thin films grown on Mo(1 0 0) have been characterized by using metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and CO as a probe molecule to titrate defects. Using MIES and LEED, the as-grown MgO(1 0 0) films (thickness = ≈15 monolayers (MLs)) are found to be highly defective. Annealing at 1150 K significantly reduces the density of defects on the MgO(1 0 0) surfaces. CO adsorbs on the as-grown MgO(1 0 0) film at 90 K, whereas no CO adsorption was detected on the annealed MgO(1 0 0) film, in agreement with the MIES and LEED results. For MgO thin films with a thickness of 15 ML, no surface charging was observed during the UPS/MIES measurements.
Determination of urinary tetrahydrocortisone tetrahydrocortisol and 3α-allotetrahydrocortisol by gas chromatography

Abstract Urinary tetrahydrocortisone (THE), tetrahydrocortisol (THF) and 3α-allotetrahydrocortisol (ATHF) are rapidly measured employing a gas chromatographic technique. Prednisolone (1,4P) is added as internal standard to the initial urine. Following enzymatic hydrolysis and solvent extraction, preliminary purification is achieved by thin-layer chromatography. Bismuthate oxidation of the fraction containing THE, THF, ATHF, and 1,4P is then carried out to form the corresponding 17-ketosteroids: 11-ketoetiocholanolone (11KE), 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone (110HE), 11-hydroxyandrosterone (110HA) and l,4-androsten-11β-ol-3, 17-dione (1,4A). These are completely separated on a 12 ft. 3% SE-30 column and quantitative measurements are made from peak area relationships. Values obtained are in agreement with those derived from spectrophotometric measurement of fractions separated by paper chromatography.
Teaching about Islam and Muslims While Countering Cultural Misrepresentations

Contemporary global events of the War on Terror, the War on ISIS, and the United States contentious relationship with Muslim societies make it crucial to teach about Islam and Muslims in school. However, negative representations of Islam and Muslims often impede this process. Overcoming these challenges is critical for the development of compassionate and informed students who are capable of thinking critically in a complex and globalized world. This article shows the importance of addressing Muslim representation in the media, debunks myths about Islam and Muslims, and provides concrete classroom recommendations for teachers.
Cholinergic denervation alters [3H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate binding to rat hippocampal membranes

Abstract Cholinergic denervation of the rat hippocampus caused by electrolytic lesions of the medial septum (MS) results in a time-bound ingrowth of peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion to the dentate gyrus and CA3 region of the hippocampus. To determine the functional significance of hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth (HSI), [ 3 H]phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding was assessed 4 weeks after MS lesions. In control animals, affinity for [ 3 H]PDBu binding was found to be greater in the dorsal compared to ventral hippocampus, while the number of binding sites ( B max ) was similar between regions. Regardless of the presence of HSI, MS lesions resulted in increased affinity in the dorsal hippocampus, while the B max was found to ‘normalize’ in the ventral hippocampus by HSI. These results suggest that HSI is functional and can alter important cellular events.
The Polanyi-Stanfield Contribution: Reembedded Globalization

This essay describes and interprets J. Ron Stanfield’s analysis of Karl Polanyi. Stanfield has helped to clarify Polanyi’s “double-movement” thesis by arguing that the double movement of self-regulating market forces and the protective response is essentially about freedom versus security. These insights provide an analysis that takes Polanyi into the twenty-first century by developing a theory of “reembedded globalization.” This is not something that Polanyi experienced before his death in 1964. Corporate globalization and the escalation of free-market rhetoric have led to a new round of disembedding since the 1970s, and this is evident by both the top-down, corporate globalization of privatization, deregulation, and marketization, as well as, by the challenges to it from the “movement of movements” coalescing around the World Social Forum. The most conspicuous evidence of this neo-protective response and its challenge to corporate-driven market forces is that between the security needs of the world’s globalization victims and the freedom of transnational corporations to make profits anywhere and in any way throughout the world. Understanding the clash in this way suggests that for humanity to save itself, it must struggle to reembed globalization and put security ahead of unbridled freedom. Reembedding globalization requires asserting democratic security ahead of the economic freedom of big business.
Human Breast Milk Contamination in the United States and Canada by Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides and Industrial Pollutants: Current Status

Widespread contamination of human breast milk with chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides has been repeatedly documented in population surveys in the United States and Canada over the past two decades. Unfortunately, it was not until the most recently published assessments that a strong effort has been made to apply proper biostatistical sampling methodologies to such surveys. This deficiency, along with frequent omission of information on variables known to affect the levels of such contaminants in breast milk, makes precise historical comparisons difficult. Given these uncertainties, it appears that organochlorine insecticide residues in human breast milk have not noticeably changed over the past two decades in the United States despite the regulatory restriction placed on several of these substances, such as DDT, since 1970. The surveys have revealed that total DDT levels continue to approach and exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) level recommended by WHO. Perhaps of greatest concern is the ubiquit...
Rural Development Councils: An Intergovernmental Coordination Experiment

Eight pilot state Rural Development Councils were established by the federal government in 1990 to coordinate rural development efforts among federal departments and agencies and to establish collaborative relationships with states, local governments, and the private sector. After one year of operation, these councils provided a mechanism for the participating states to define the rural issues relevant to their unique settings and to work toward the accomplishment of their goals. In addition, the process allowedfederal officials in Washington and in the states to utilize the discretion available in the system to maximize collaboration and cooperation. Additional states will be involved in the effort in 1992. Three types of agendas or expectations surrounded the initiative: substantive, political, and process approaches. Although it is too early to determine the extent to which the councils have "delivered " on these expectations, the experimentprovidespreliminary evidence of the scope offederal ability to stimulate change within a state as well as the economic and political forces that constrain it.
Immunogenicity of a soluble antigen against Pasteurella haemolytica-associated pneumonia in calves.

Three experiments were performed to evaluate the immunogenic potency of a soluble fraction ofPasteurella haemolytica against pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves. A soluble antigen was extracted by a 2.5% saline solution fromP.haemolytica. Weaned Holstein bull calves, seronegative for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) and the pasteurella antigen, were vaccinated either by repeated subcutaneous (SC) vaccination, or by exposure 3 times to the aerosol ofP.haemolytica antigen. Challenge exposure to aerosol ofP.haemolytica was preceded by infection with IBRV, or in experiments 2 and 3, the virus exposures were combined with a stress treatment. The lung lesions were examined at necropsy 3 to 8 days post infection. In the first experiment, all the vaccinated calves produced specific antibody response to the pasteurella antigen, and none of the calves including controls showed significant lesions in the lung. In the second experiment 2 aerogenically vaccinated calves had no lesions. One of the two SC-vaccinated calves had mild consolidated lesions. Two control calves, one of which died 3 days following the challenge, developed severe fibrinous pneumonia with consolidation of 50% or more of the lung surfaces.P.haemolytica was isolated only from the 2 control animals. In the third experiment, 2 of the 3 control calves developed moderate to severe consolidation, butP.haemolytica was isolated only from one of them. Two of the three aerosol-vaccinated calves also developed significant lesions and one of them yielded the bacteria from the lung. Three SC-vaccinated calves had slight lesions and the organism was not isolated from their lungs. The results did not consistently indicate an immunogenic potential of the soluble antigen againstP.haemolytica-related pneumonia. The effect of stress on the pathogenesis of bovine viral penumonia and correlation between pneumonic lesions and antibacterial resistancein situ are discussed.
Biomechanics Injury Analysis of Brain White Matter Using Cohesive Zone Method

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) can happen due to sudden motion of the head and loading and is a major cause of fatality and severe disabilities. This injury can be biomechanically translated in terms of change in axon geometry and its separation and distortion from the surrounding cells and the extra cellular matrix (ECM). To study DAI, a microscale biomechanical modeling of tissue is forwarded. This modeling benefits from the studies on fibrous composite modeling procedure to examine the tissue and the fibrous axonal injury. Employing a developed micromechanics failure analysis for fibrous composites, the white mater of the brain is assumed as the composite with axon as the fiber and ECM as the matrix. The focus here is on the interface and adhesion of the axon and ECM on the material characteristics of the tissue. The cohesive zone modeling (CZM) is employed to model the interface. The impact due to interface is studied in detail on the characteristics of the white matter tissue. This modeling method enhances the previously proposed micromechanics modeling of brain tissue and enable one to predict the impact due to sliding, and separation of the axons and ECM on the load transfer, stress and strain distribution of axon, ECM and tissue for a microstructural examination of DAI and tissue failure. This can improve the understanding of injury from mechanical perspective and help in detail predicting of any injuries in cellular level in brain tissue.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Estimates of the Ab Initio Limit for π−π Interactions: The Benzene Dimer

State-of-the-art electronic structure methods have been applied to the simplest prototype of aromatic π−π interactions, the benzene dimer. By comparison to results with a large aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, we demonstrate that more modest basis sets such as aug-cc-pVDZ are sufficient for geometry optimizations of intermolecular parameters at the second-order Moller−Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) level. However, basis sets even larger than aug-cc-pVTZ are important for accurate binding energies. The complete basis set MP2 binding energies, estimated by explicitly correlated MP2−R12/A techniques, are significantly larger in magnitude than previous estimates. When corrected for higher-order correlation effects via coupled cluster with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)], the binding energies De (D0) for the sandwich, T-shaped, and parallel-displaced configurations are found to be 1.8 (2.0), 2.7 (2.4), and 2.8 (2.7) kcal mol-1, respectively.
Mapping Circuits beyond the Models: Integrating Connectomics and Comparative Neuroscience

The brain has been shaped by evolution, and its connectome reflects that history. Comparative neuroscience research, framed by evolutionary relationships, is key to interpreting connectome organization and can address fundamental circuit questions that are not accessible through single-species connectomics efforts.
Survey of punched card codes

The “Survey of Coded Character Representation” by R. W. Bemer (p. 639) covers the representation of symbols in paper tape, magnetic tape and main storage of a number of different machine systems. Another method of mechanical storage is the punched card. The results of a similar survey for punched card codes are shown in the table on page 642.
Enhancement by gibberellic acid and asymmetric distribution of lysophospholipase in germinating barley

Abstract Germination of whole barley seeds for 4 and 6 days followed by measurement of lysophospholipase (lysolecithin acyl hydrolase, LAH) in the embryo-containing and embryo-free halves revealed a gradient of activity between the two halves of the seed. Most of the activity appeared in the embryo-containing half. This gradient decreased slightly in the aleurone and dramatically in the starchy endosperm during the 2 day germination interval. Embryo-containing and embryo-free half seeds of surface sterilized barley were placed separately on sterile agar plates. After 4 and 6 days LAH was observed in both the aleurone and starchy endosperm of the embryo-containing halves. In the embryo-free halves, LAH appeared at low levels in the aleurone and was virtually absent in the starchy endosperm. The scutellum of germinating seeds contains LAH activity. Exposure of embryo-free half seeds to GA 3 for 24 hr showed enhancement of acidic and alkaline LAH activities in the aleurone fraction and in the GA 3 -medium in which the half seeds were treated. The LAH activity of the starchy endosperm of these half seeds was little changed by GA 3 treatment. Exposure of isolated aleurones to GA 3 for 24 hr resulted in substantial enhancement of acidic and alkaline LAH activities in the bathing medium and in fractions prepared from the aleurone. The physiological significance of the influence of GA 3 on LAH activity during barley germination is discussed.
Analysis and Evaluation of TIH Material Transportation by Railroad

The safety of hazardous material (hazmat) transportation is an important national issue. Although rail transportation plays a major role in hazmat movement, there is still not so much concern as that for highway. However, for the safety of life and property, more work in this filed is needed. This paper develops a risk evaluation methodology for rail Toxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH) material transportation. Here, the risk metric is defined as the product of incident probability and its consequence. First, we discuss the probability calculation of a specific incident case, i.e. there are a specific number of derailed TIH cars releasing, given a train crash. Second, we employ the rearranged Gaussian Plume Model to get the hazardous gas concentration isopleth and the impact zone. From this, the consequence defined as population exposure is calculated by multiplying impact zone area and relevant population density. Finally, with the evaluation methodology proposed in the paper, we calculated and compared risk between two rail routes in the state of Tennessee.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Column Generation Procedure for the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem Using a Route-Based Formulation

The Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP) allows customers to be assigned to multiple routes. A column generation procedure using a route-based formulation is developed for the SDVRP and computational results are given for thirty-two data sets from previous literature. The SDVRP route-based formulation appears tighter (stronger) linear relaxation than a comparable SDVRP flow formulation. With respect to the total travel distance and computer time, the column generation procedure compares favorably versus previously published methods. The result is important for real-world since both the tractability and solution quality of larger (e.g., many vehicle routes, many customers) problems are both key issues when making vehicle routing decisions. The column generation method, along with the route-based formulation, provides an improved solution procedure that would be more appropriate for real-world problems than the previously published methods.
Determination of submicromolar concentrations of neurotransmitter amino acids by fluorescence detection using a modification of the 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate method for amino acid analysis

A sensitive method for quantitatively determining submicromolar levels of neurotransmitter amino acids (e.g. Asp, Glu and gamma-aminobutyric acid) in microdialysates from brain and cerebrospinal fluids is reported. 6-Aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxy-succinimidyl carbamate (AQC) was employed as the derivatization reagent, followed by HPLC separation and fluorescence detection of the derivatives. The derivatization was conducted simply by mixing the AQC directly with the microdialysis samples. The reaction was complete within seconds after mixing at room temperature. Separation development optimizing the gradient profile, eluent pH and column temperature resulted in an excellent separation of the required amino acids in less than 30 min. Other resolved amino acids in the same profile include Gly, taurine, and Pro. Recoveries for the amino acids of interest spiked into high salt containing perfusion buffers were greater than 97%. The sensitivity of the method was increased by employing a 16-microliter flow cell in the detector and analyzing 20-microliter aliquots of the derivatization mixtures. With the optimized conditions, the detection limits were 3-7 nM (fmol/microliter). Typical reproducibility (%R.S.D.) for quantitation of these amino acids at submicromolar levels was approximately 2%. Excellent linearity (r2 > 0.999) was achieved over the range 0.2-20 microM. The low detection limits permitted the analysis of a number of different microdialysate samples including those from cerebrospinal fluid, as well as substantia nigra and hypothalamus from brain samples, even at basal levels where gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration may be < 50 nM. The excellent sensitivity made it easy to distinguish basal from stimulated levels of neurotransmitter amino acids, even from sample sizes as small as 10 microliters.
The irrelevance of technicians' expectancies to the success of a behavioral procedure

Abstract This study was designed to see whether the finding of traditional therapy that technicians' expectancies would be linearly correlated with success applies to Mowrer's conditioning program for enuresis. Mothers served as technicians for 36 enuretic children. Although impressive reduction in over-all symptom frequency resulted, there was no correlation between technicians' expectancies and success.
Geisteswissenschaft und Informatik

Computervirtuosen werden neudeutsch auch TECHies genannt, und nur fur diese Kolumne habe ich die Geisteswissenschafter analog ARTies getauft und dann die getrennten Welten der beiden verschiedenen Spezies kommentiert. Computer machen manchmal dumm, dann enthalt das Internet doch wieder das Wissen der Welt, Informatik unterstutzt die Forschung, aber sie industrialisiert einst geachtete Arbeitsplatze zu blosen Call-Center-Jobs mit Mindestlohn herunter. Beide Seiten, die Techies und die Arties, sollten beide Aspekte desselben immer vor Augen haben.
Comments On the Newly Proposed Gammaridean Amphipod Families Crangonycidae and Melitidae

Bousfield (1973), in his recent book entitled "Shallow-water Gammaridean Amphipoda of New England", has elevated the Crangonyx group to the family Crangonycidae and the melitids to the family Melitidae. The division of the heterogeneous and widely distributed family Gammaridae into separate families that more clearly reflect evolutionary phylogenies and delineate natural groups is certainly justified. However, in view of the many unresolved taxonomic and zoo geography problems within the Gammaridae and especially within the generic clusters making up the crangonycids and the melitids, the erection of the new families Crangonycidae and Melitidae seems to me to be premature. The three or four of us (M. Straskraba and myself in particular) who are currently working on genera and species in the Crangonyx group on a world-wide basis have still failed to reach agreement on precisely how to define this group, much less elevate it to familial level. Moreover, the taxonomic status of the melitids (roughly equivalent to the Hadzia group; see Holsinger & Minckley, 1971) is also in a state of flux. In my opinion, the most acceptable approach to the subdivision of Gammaridae would be to treat newly established families on a cosmopolitan basis, considering all potential genera, their morphological affinities, distributional patterns, etc., instejad of choosing only a few examples from a narrowly defined geographical region and basing whole new taxa on them. The elevation of the Crangonyx group, an exclusively freshwater group of amphipods, to the familial level seems out of place in a guidebook devoted almost entirely to marine and brackish water amphipods of the New England region. This is especially germane when one considers the fact that only three species in the Crangonyx group occur in the geographical region covered and are, at best, only peripheral to the New England coastal area. Similarly, placing the melitids, which is mostly a warm temperate and tropical group, in a separate family on the basis of a few representative forms from the New England region seems presumptuous in a guidebook devoted to essentially "cold" temperate zone amphipods. The erection of Crangonycidae should have logically included consideration of the east Asian genera Eocrangonyx and Pseudocrangonyx, combined with a
Degrees of finite-state transformability

The upper semilattice of degrees of transformability by finite-state automata is defined analogously to the upper semilattice of degrees of recursive unsolvability (which arises from transformability by Turing machines). Two infinite sequences from a finite alphabet are considered equivalent if each can be transformed into the other by a finite-state automaton, perhaps after finite initial segments (not necessarily of the same length) are deleted from each. We require the output sequence to be generated at the same rate as the input, with exactly one output character for each input character. If such a transformation is possible in only one direction, an order relation holds between the equivalence classes. We show that this partially ordered set does indeed form an upper semilattice, exhibit the (unique) minimal class, and prove there is no maximal class. In the course of the proof of the last assertion, the notion of a complete sequence, a sequence in which every block of the alphabet occurs, is introduced and shown to be significant. The richness of the partial ordering is shown by two contrasting examples: We exhibit one section of it in which the partial ordering is dense, and, on the other hand, we exhibit two classes [x] > [z] having no class properly between them.
Diagnostic uses of the Hill (Logit and Nernst) plots.

Abstract Analysis of the Hill plot for ligand-binding studies shows that it can adopt a variety of shapes other than a straight line. The shape of the curve can yield valuable information about the details of the binding process. In some cases it is possible to discriminate between models of co-operativity without the need for curve-fitting by computer.
Serum cholinesterase isoenzymes and the WHHL rabbit: the relationship between the activity of cholinesterase not bound to low-density-lipoprotein and lipoprotein titer

Serum cholinesterase has been previously shown to complex with beta-lipoprotein in the plasma. Since serum cholinesterase exists as isoenzymes in plasma, the relationship between the activity of these isoenzymes (unbound to beta-lipoprotein) and lipoprotein titer was investigated. The results indicated that the total of C2, C3, and C4 isoenzyme activities were expressed within a narrow range and independent of low density lipoprotein titer. These findings may indicate that unbound plasma cholinesterase may undergo autoregulation independent of cholinesterase bound to beta-lipoprotein.
Intravital two-photon microscopy for studying the uptake and trafficking of fluorescently conjugated molecules in live rodents

In this study, we describe an experimental system based on intravital two-photon microscopy for studying endocytosis in live animals. The rodent submandibular glands were chosen as model organs because they can be exposed easily, imaged without compromising their function and, furthermore, they are amenable to pharmacological and genetic manipulations. We show that the fibroblasts within the stroma of the glands readily internalize systemically injected molecules such as fluorescently conjugated dextran and BSA, providing a robust model to study endocytosis. We dynamically image the trafficking of these probes from the early endosomes to the late endosomes and lysosomes while also visualizing homotypic fusion events between early endosomes. Finally, we demonstrate that pharmacological agents can be delivered specifically to the submandibular salivary glands, thus providing a powerful tool to study the molecular machinery regulating endocytosis in a physiological context.
Probing the cochlear amplifier by immobilizing molecular motors of sensory hair cells.

The location and longitudinal extent of cochlear biomechanical amplification has been an open question. In this issue of Neuron, Fisher et al. (2012) demonstrate that sound-induced vibration is amplified over a short region—about one wavelength—prior to the response peak.
Calibrated Mask-Bar for Underwater Measurement of Fish

Abstract This paper describes a method for measuring fish under water by using a diving mask equipped with a calibrated mask-bar. The calibrated mask-bar consists of a plexiglass strip with calibration marks spaced 3.2 mm (1/8 in) apart, mounted to a diver's mask by aluminum straps. Relationships between calibration mark counts made by underwater observers and the length of objects were described by regression analysis. Measurements of stationary objects were accurate to within ±5%. Estimates of fish length under field conditions were generally accurate to within ±10%. Mean lengths calculated from multiple mask-bar measurements were consistent with those calculated from measurement of captured fish.
Treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer with 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and reirradiation

Abstract Head and neck cancer locally recurrent after previous irradiation and surgery presents a difficult management problem. Conventional treatment alternatives include chemotherapy, reirradiation with interstitial implant, and hyperthermia. Reirradiation with external beam is generally not considered because of previous high radiation dose and limited tissue tolerance. In this study, 21 patients with recurrent and previously irradiated head and neck cancer were treated in a Phase 1-II fashion. Patients received 5 days of 5-fluorouracil, 300 mg/m 2 /day 1!V bolus, Hydroxyurea 1.5 or 2 g/day by mouth and external beam radiation therapy every 2 weeks for up to four courses. Of 20 evaluable patients, 9 have attained a complete response (CR) and 6 a partial response (PR). Fifteen (patients completed all planned therapy, eight on time, seven patients with delays. With a median follow-up of 7 months, 13 patients are alive, 7 disease-free (3 after salvage surgery) and 6 with recurrence. Eight patients have died. The 1-year survival is 56%. Treatment toxicity was mainly neutropenia. No major early or late radiation related side effects have been observed at a median follow-up of 7 months. Neither previous radiation dose, time since first radiation, prior chemotherapy, or site of recurrence was predictive of response or treatment tolerance. Patients with a performance status of at least 80 had a significant higher CR rate, with 710 patients in this group, as compared to 210 patients in patients with a performance status less than 80, achieving a CR. Reirradiation with 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea is a well tolerated outpatient treatment program for patients with recurrent and previous irradiated head and neck cancer that produces a high response rate and can provide significant palliation of symptoms.
The US AneuRx Clinical Trial: 6-year clinical update 2002.

A total of 1193 patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms were treated with the AneuRx Stent Graft System at 19 US investigational centers from 1996 to 1999. This report summarizes clinical data collected and analyzed as of August 28, 2002. There have been 10 late (>30 days) aneurysm ruptures, 8 late (>30 days) aneurysm-related deaths, and 38 late ( > 30 days) surgical conversions, including 8 for rupture. Kaplan-Meier analyses of the primary outcome measures at 4 years indicate the following: a freedom from rupture rate of 98.4%; a freedom from surgical conversion rate of 90.4%; a freedom from aneurysm-related death rate of 96.9%; and a probability of survival rate, based on all-cause mortality, of 62.4%. Secondary outcome measures at 4 years include stent graft patency in 96.4%, endoleak in 13.9%, aneurysm enlargement in 11.5% and stent graft migration in 9.5% of patients. These results provide evidence that the AneuRx Stent Graft System continues to be a safe and effective treatment option for appropriately selected patients with infrarenal abdominal aneurysms.
Commercial Office Space: Testing the Implications of Real Options Models with Competitive Interactions

We test the implications of real option pricing models with competitive interactions for commercial real estate development. The competitive nature of a local commercial real estate market relies on a Herfindahl ratio derived from individual developers' shares of total office construction in their market. All else being equal, greater competition among local developers is associated with more building starts. Other variables suggested by the real options pricing model, including the volatility of local lease rates, are also found to be statistically important. In addition, we provide evidence consistent with greater competition attenuating the extent to which increases in volatility delay commercial real estate development.
Heroin-Induced Alterations in Leukocyte Numbers and Apoptosis in the Rat Spleen1☆

Abstract The present study assessed the effects of acute heroin treatment on the cellularity of the rat spleen and the rate of splenocyte death by necrosis or apoptosis. The results showed that 1 h after a single injection of heroin, the total number of leukocytes in the spleen was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Prior injection of naltrexone completely blocked heroin's effect, and the heroin-induced decrease in splenic leukocytes was not associated with a heroin-induced increase in circulating leukocytes. A 1-h exposure to heroin did not increase levels of lactate dehydrogenase, a cytosolic enzyme, in supernatants of splenic mononuclear cells cultured for 45 min or 24 h, suggesting that heroin does not increase necrotic death in the spleen. In contrast, a 1-h heroin treatment did increase the percentage of Annexin V + cells in 0- and 24-h cultures of splenic mononuclear cells, indicating that heroin increases apoptotic death in the spleen. A 3-h exposure to heroin also produced a significant increase in apoptosis in the spleen. DNA fragmentation, a marker of cells in late stages of apoptosis, could not be detected in fresh splenocytes, but was evident in 24-h cultures of splenic mononuclear cells from saline- and heroin-treated rats. These results demonstrate that a single administration of heroin produces a decrease in the number of splenic leukocytes and an increase in the apoptotic death of splenic mononuclear cells.
Enterprise Information Mashup and Real Time Business Assurance for Global Collaboration

Summary form only given. As part the globalization trend, enterprises are facing a serious challenge of needing to be globally consistent and locally nimble at the same time. Recent rapid evolution of Web 2.0 and real-time event driven architecture served as the catalyst for new paradigms in enterprise information composition, and potentially enable much more flexible real-time global collaboration. This new paradigm will have profound impact on the enterprise IT architectures. The current state-of-the-art approach in enterprise information composition is often based on data federation and information integration. However, many information composition tasks can be much better served through situational applications (i.e. applications that are mash-uped for addressing some of the immediate business problems). A new class of integration technologies, also known as enterprise information mashup fabric, will emerge to serve these tasks. Meanwhile, there is also an emerging trend towards real-time business assurance in which enterprise wide information integrity is ensured through technologies such as provenance (who has done what on this information) and policy automation to facilitate "trusted" and fully automated information composition
Numerical simulation of January 28 cold air outbreak during GALE Part I: The model and sensitivity tests of turbulence closures

A mesoscale planetary boundary layer (PBL) numerical model has been developed to study airflow over complex topography. Turbulence closures using the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and dissipation (e) equations are investigated in combination with the level 2.5 scheme of Mellor and Yamada (1982) to determine eddy diffusivities for momentum and heat. This modified E-e closure is simpler than the level 3 one which requires more prognostic equations for moist turbulent transport.
Gender, productive ability and the perceived returns to education: Evidence from rural India

Recent research has established the importance of perceived (as opposed to actual) returns as a determinant of educational investments. We analyze data from India to highlight gender disparities in the perceived returns to education and the salience of productive characteristics.
Application of sephadex to radiochemical separations

Heteropolymolybdic acid species of a variety of elements bind to Sephadex (dextran cross-linked by epichlorohydrin). Solution pH can be used as a variable to influence the formation of heteropolymolybdates and thus their affinity for Sephadex. Therefore this material may be used to chromatographically separate certain elements which have been reacted with molybdate in solution. In this paper we report the measurement of distribution coefficients on Sephadex for heteropolymolybdates of As, P, Ge, Si, and Se for solutions of varying pH. We also describe the application of the technique to the recovery of32Si from proton-irradiated KCl targets and68Ge from proton-irradiated molybdenum targets.
Low-temperature heat capacity of acridinium ditetracyanoquinodimethanide [acridinium (TCNQ) 2 ]

The heat capacity of a high-purity sample of acridinium dietetracyanoquinodimethanide [acridinium ${(\mathrm{TCNQ})}_{2}$ or Ad${(\mathrm{TCNQ})}_{2}$] was measured at temperatures from 0.5-10 K in fields of 0, 10, 20, and 40 kOe. The results are shown to correspond very well, within the experimental accuracy, to a superposition of a ${T}^{3}$ lattice contribution and a random-exchange antiferromagnetic Heisenberg-chain magnetic contribution. The Bulaevski\ifmmode \breve{\imath}\else \u{\i}\fi{} theory parameters derived from these heat-capacity measurements without the use of any exogenous data are found to be $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$ and $A=(1.69\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}0.25}$. The Debye temperature is found to be 68.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2 K.