cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method for poling barium titanate, BaTiO3

Relatively large samples of single crystal barium titanate, BaTiO3, are needed for current photonic applications including for example; optical memories, associative memories and neural networks. The process of producing single-domain crystals called poling usually involves uniaxial pressing to remove orthogonal or 90° domains and then electric field poling to remove antiparallel or 180deg; domains. A method for poling BaTiO3 that significantly reduces the processing time for single-domain sample preparation is described herein. The technique involves the removal, by etching, of surface stresses that mechanically restrict or pin the 90° domains that inhibit their elimination. In this “stress free” state, large volume samples (10 × 10 × 5 mm) are easily electrically poled into single crystals without uniaxial pressing.
Immune (gamma) interferon produced by a human T-lymphoblast cell line.

Interferons (IFNs) are glycoproteins with antiviral, immunomodulatory and antiproliferative properties. They are classified on the basis of their acid stability, antigenic properties, stimuli for production and cellular origin. IFN-α and IFN-β are acid-stable and derived from leukocytes and fibroblasts. IFN-γ (immune, type II) is acid-labile and generally derived from T lymphocytes. Elaboration of IFN-γ occurs either after sensitized T lymphocytes are exposed to specific antigen or on induction of T lymphocytes with mitogens1,2. IFN-α and IFN-β have been extensively characterized and much is known about their biochemical properties and gene structure3–11. In contrast, there is relatively little information available regarding the physical and biological properties of human IFN-γ (refs 1, 2, 12–17). Particular interest in IFN-γ derives from in vitro and in vivo studies which indicate that IFN-γ has greater antiproliferative effects on neoplastic cells than IFN-α and IFN-β (refs 18–21). We report here the production and characteristics of IFN-γ elaborated by a unique human T-lymphoblast cell line.
Crowding of the Peripheral Nasal Isopters in Glaucoma

We studied 300 visual fields of 153 consecutive patients who had glaucoma or increased intraocular pressures. All the visual fields were plotted with the same technique on a Goldmann perimeter. Crowding of the peripheral nasal isopters was said to be present when the nasal isopter, outlined with the peripheral threshold target, was less than 55 degrees from fixation and within 5 degrees of the nasal isopter plotted with the V 4 e (largest, most intense) target. This finding was detected in 65 visual fields; in 12 of these it was the only abnormality. Crowding of the peripheral nasal isopters is important in the early detection of glaucoma; the V 4 e target, or equivalent, is useful in examining the nasal periphery in screening protocols for glaucoma.
Dynamic evaluation of CMAQ part I: Separating the effects of changing emissions and changing meteorology on ozone levels between 2002 and 2005 in the eastern US

Abstract A dynamic evaluation of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system version 5.0.1 was conducted to evaluate the model's ability to predict changes in ozone levels between 2002 and 2005, a time period characterized by emission reductions associated with the EPA's Nitrogen Oxides State Implementation Plan as well as significant reductions in mobile source emissions. Model results for the summers of 2002 and 2005 were compared to simulations from a previous version of CMAQ to assess the impact of model updates on predicted pollutant response. Changes to the model treatment of emissions, meteorology and chemistry had substantial impacts on the simulated ozone concentrations. While the median bias for high summertime ozone decreased in both years compared to previous simulations, the observed decrease in ozone from 2002 to 2005 in the eastern US continued to be underestimated by the model. Additional “cross” simulations were used to decompose the model predicted change in ozone into the change due to emissions, the change due to meteorology and any remaining change not explained individually by these two components. The decomposition showed that the emission controls led to a decrease in modeled high summertime ozone close to twice as large as the decrease attributable to changes in meteorology alone. Quantifying the impact of retrospective emission controls by removing the impacts of meteorology during the control period can be a valuable approach for communicating to policy makers the net benefit of national control measures.
A method for determining relative activity of free flying bats using a new activity index for acoustic monitoring

A new activity index for acoustical bat data is presented. The AI (acoustic activity index) was highly correlated to bat passes but proved to be a less biased index of activity. The method dispenses with the need to define, identify and count bat passes and provides a simple means to quantify activity. It uses the Anabat system where acoustic surveys are carried out in real time with the data saved directly to a computer hard drive, taking advantage of the date-time information encoded into each file. The method is based upon the presence/absence of a species occurrence during one-minute time intervals and avoids skewing an index of activity that may reflect the behavior of the species sampled. Examples are given showing that the AI is an effective measure of bat activity allowing comparisons between sites, times and species.
The fine structure of mucilage secreting cells ofHibiscus esculentus pods

Large secretory cells are found in the pericarp of okra capsules. In early developmental stages these cells are conspicuous because of the great quantity of Golgi apparatus-derived, PAS positive substance stored between the protoplast and the cell wall. It is suggested that these cells may play a major role in the formation of okra mucilage.
Meclofenamate for psoriasis

To the Editor.— Meclofenamate sodium (Meclomen) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. 1 Its mechanism of action is believed to be the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. The drug causes diarrhea in up to one third of the treated patients, but its other side effects, eg, abdominal discomfort, anemia, and rashes, are rare. The potential efficacy of meclofenamate in psoriasis was suggested by Winthrop, 2 who found notable regression of psoriasis within one week after he and two patients began using the drug for psoriatic arthritis. Other inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, tolmetin sodium 3 and benoxaprofen, 4 have been described as effective for psoriasis. Patients and Methods.— We performed a double-blind randomized trial of 15 patients with psoriasis alone or with psoriasis and arthritis. Patients were required to stop any systemic or topical antipsoriatic agents and phototherapy for two weeks
A comparison of five simplified scales to the out-of-hospital Glasgow Coma Scale for the prediction of traumatic brain injury outcomes.

Background:The 15-point Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) frequently is used in the initial evaluation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in out-of-hospital settings. We hypothesized that the GCS might be unnecessarily complex for out-of-hospital use. Objectives: To assess whether a simpler scoring system might demonstrate similar accuracy in the prediction of TBI outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of a trauma registry consisting of patients evaluated at our Level 1 trauma center from 1990 to 2002. The ability of out-of-hospital GCS scores to predict four clinically relevant TBI outcomes (emergency intubation, neurosurgical intervention, brain injury, and mortality) by using areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) was calculated. The same analyses for five simplified scales were performed, and compared with the predictive accuracies of the total GCS score. Results: In this evaluation of 7,233 trauma patients over a 12-year period of time, the AUROCs for the total GCS score were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81 to 0.84) for emergency intubation, 0.86 (95% CI = 0.85 to 0.88) for neurosurgical intervention, 0.83 (95% CI = 0.82 to 0.84) for brain injury, and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.88 to 0.90) for mortality. The five simplified scales approached the performance of the total GCS score for all clinical outcomes. Conclusions: In the evaluation of injured patients, five simplified neurological scales approached the performance of the total GCS score for the prediction of four clinically relevant TBI outcomes.
Pulmonary toxicity associated with fludarabine monophosphate.

Fludarabine monophosphate (FAMP), the 2-fluoro, 5′phosphate derivative of 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyl adenine (ara-A), is a purine nucleoside antimetabolite presently undergoing clinical testing for the treatment of a variety of malignancies including lymphoproliferative disorders and acute leukemia. We report a case of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis during treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with FAMP. This resolved quickly with high dose steroids, recurred with steroid withdrawal, and abated with further steroid therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fludarabine monophosphate associated pulmonary toxicity.
The distribution of [14C] caprolactam in male, female and pregnant mice

The distribution of [14C]caprolactam was studied by whole-body autoradiography in male, female and 14.5-day-pregnant mice. This technique does not allow translocation or removal of soluble compounds from the sites of localization. Pregnant mice were frozen 20 min and 1, 3, 9 and 24 hr after oral administration of the compound. The non-pregnant mouse was frozen 3 hr after oral dosing; two male mice were frozen 20 min and 9 hr after intravenous administration. Radioactivity was rapidly absorbed from the stomach and distributed throughout the entire animal, including the foetuses. There was efficient elimination by the kidney and liver. Material secreted by the liver into bile and intestinal contents appeared not to be reabsorbed via the enterohepatic circulation. The kinetics of distribution and elimination appeared to be the same in male, female and pregnant animals. The only sites of retention of radioactivity after 24 hr were the umbilical cords, amnion, yolk sac, maternal lens, maternal Harderian gland and maternal liver. The distribution into and removal from the foetuses was typical of molecules that diffuse freely across the placenta. There was no retention of radioactivity in any foetal tissue. With the possible exception of some residual activity in the nasal epithelium, no localization was seen that would suggest a site of toxic action of caprolactam.
NO serves as a signaling intermediate downstream of H₂O₂ to modulate dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton during responses to VD-toxins in Arabidopsis.

Although hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) can act as an upstream signaling molecule to modulate the dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton during the defense responses to Verticillium dahliae (VD) toxins in Arabidopsis, it is not known the relationship between these two signaling molecules. Here, we show that VD-toxin-induced NO accumulation was dependent on prior H2O2 production, NO is downstream of H2O2 in the signaling process, and that H2O2 acted synergistically with NO to modulate the dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton responses to VD-toxins in Arabidopsis.
TU-G-BRB-09: A Bregman Iteration Method for IMRT Optimization with Dose-Volume Histogram Constraints

Purpose:Dose‐volume histogram (DVH) is a clinically relevant criterion to evaluate treatment plan quality. It is hence desirable to incorporate the associated DVH constraints in treatment plan optimization. Yet, these constraints usually lead to difficulties due to their non‐convex nature. This project develops an algorithm to solve the intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)optimization problem with DVH constraints considered via a Bregman iteration. Methods: We consider an objective function of a quadratic form with different overdose and underdose penalties, subject to DVH constraints. The constrained optimization problem is converted into a sequence of unconstrained problems via Bregman iteration approach, which are then solved sequentially using gradient‐descent algorithm with inexact line search. The objective functions in those unconstrained optimization problems contains terms that requires the computation of DVH values. In practice, this is achieved by approximating the Heaviside step‐functions in the expression of a DVH curve by a smoothed arctangent function. This approach also allows for the computation of gradient of the objective functions during optimization process. Results: We have tested our algorithm in the context of 7‐field IMRTtreatment planning for prostate cancer in 4 patient cases. Clinically relevant DVH constraints are considered for PTV, rectum, and bladder. In all the cases, the algorithm is able to find the solutions that satisfy all the DVH constraints, while as DVH constraints may be violated when the Bregman algorithm is not applied. The local‐minima problem caused by the non‐convex constraints is not observed, which may be ascribed to the good quality of the initial dose distribution obtained after a standard IMRToptimization problem without DVH constraints. Conclusions: We have developed an algorithm to solve the IMRToptimization problem with DVH constraints using Bregman iteration approach. Tests conducted in prostate cancer cases have demonstrated the validity of our algorithm and its effectiveness.
Initial experience with double-balloon enteroscopy at a U.S. center

Background Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) allows direct visualization and intervention in the entire small intestine. Concerns include long procedure times and a long learning curve after training. Objectives To analyze the initial experience of a single endoscopist when using DBE; assess resource utilization, safety, clinical utility, and the learning curve. Design Prospective study. Setting Tertiary-referral center. Patients A total of 137 consecutive patients with bleeding or other small-intestine disorders. Main Outcome Measures Clinical impact at the time of DBE and changes in the procedure time and extent with experience. Results Two hundred DBE procedures were performed without major complications. For 115 oral DBEs, the mean (SD) procedure duration was 101 ± 35 minutes and length of examined small intestine was 220 ± 80 cm, with no significant change with experience. For 85 anal DBEs, the mean (SD) procedure duration was 96 ± 33 minutes, and the length examined was 124 ± 60 cm; the length examined increased with experience, but the duration did not decrease. The percentage of patients in which a DBE had a helpful clinical impact rose from 58% in the first 50 DBEs, to 86% in the last 50 of 200 DBEs. The total enteroscopy rose from 8% in the first 50 DBEs, to 63% in the last 50 of 200 DBEs. Limitations No follow-up data on outcomes. Conclusions DBEs required significant time and did not always allow for a total enteroscopy. DBEs were safe and helpful in the management of most patients. An experienced endoscopist may perform a safe and useful DBE after limited training, but the development of expertise may require more than 100 to 150 DBE procedures.
River Valley pluton, Ontario - A late-Archean/early-Proterozoic anorthositic intrusion in the Grenville Province

This paper presents Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic data indicating a late-Archean/early-Proterozoic age for the River Valley anorthositic pluton of the southwestern Grenville Province of Sudbury, Ontario. Pb-Pb isotopic data on 10 whole-rock samples ranging in composition from anorthosite to gabbro yield an age of 2560 + or - 155 Ma. The River Valley pluton is thus the oldest anorthositic intrusive yet recognized within the Grenville Province. The Sm-Nd isotopic system records an age of 2377 + or - 68 Ma. High Pb-208/Pb-204 of deformed samples relative to igneous-textured rocks implies Th introduction and/or U loss during metamorphism in the River Valley area. Rb-Sr data from igneous-textured and deformed samples and from mineral separates give an age of 2185 + or - 105 Ma, indicating substantial disturbance of the Rb-Sr isotopic system.
INFLUENCE OF PRERIGOR AND POSTRIGOR MUSCLE ON THE BACTERIOLOGICAL AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PORK SAUSAGE

The right and left sides of three market-weight pigs were assigned to two treatments, designated prerigor and postrigor, for pork sausage manufacture. Muscle and fat were obtained from the right side within 1 hr after slaughter and were immediately processed into sausage referred to as prerigor sausage. The left side of the carcass was chilled for 6 days at 2°C. The sausage made from this tissue is referred to as postrigor sausage. The sausage samples were stuffed into 0.45-kg packages and stored at 2–5°C or °22°C for 8 wk. The pH values, bacterial counts, cooking loss and taste palatability traits were investigated on fresh and frozen samples representing the prerigor and postrigor groups. The prerigor sausage samples stored at 2–5°C had significantly higher pH values, higher total aerobic mesophiles and lipolytic bacterial counts, higher juiciness and overall acceptance scores and a lower cooking loss than did the samples prepared from the postrigor muscle. No significant difference was found in total aerobic psychrotrophs and flavor score, but the sausage made from prerigor muscle had slightly higher values. The period of storage at 2–5°C influenced the bacterial counts and 911 taste panel scores. The sausage stored at °22°C was similar to the nonfrozen samples for taste panel comparisons.
The Scavenger Hunt: Getting to Know Your Psychology Department

One hundred and forty-four undergraduates enrolled in a careers in psychology course participated in a group-oriented scavenger hunt activity. The purpose of this activity was to increase students' awareness of the types of resources, available to them within the psychology department and within the larger campus community, related to psychology as a major and a career. Pre–post data indicated that the activity significantly increased students' self-reported knowledge of the resources available to them. Evaluation ratings also indicated that students found the activity both helpful and enjoyable.
Anesthetic case in a child with congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type 1 fibers (CNMDU1)

Congenital neuromuscular disease with uniform type 1 fibers (CNMDU1) is an extremely rare, non-progressive, congenital neuromuscular disorder. Although the etiology is unknown, ryanodine receptor gene mutation is reportedly involved. No descriptions of anesthetic practice in patients with this disease have been reported around the world. We report a case of safe perioperative management with general anesthesia, using total intravenous anesthesia, propofol, fentanyl and a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant but avoiding the use of any inhaled anesthetics or depolarizing muscle relaxants to prevent malignant hyperthermia and postoperative respiratory failure, during anesthetic management for cranioplasty for premature synostosis of the cranial sutures in a pediatric patient of CNMDU1.
Anti-V region antibodies as "almost clonotypic" reagents for the study of cutaneous T cell lymphomas and leukemias.

Abstract Despite recent advances in the understanding of normal T lymphocyte immunobiology, there has been little progress in characterizing the non-HTLV cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and leukemias (CTCL) Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary syndrome. The two major impediments to in vitro studies of these malignancies have been the contamination of CTCL cells with normal T cells and the inability to induce a vigorous proliferative response or establish long-term cultures with standard T-cell mitogens. The ideal reagent for identifying CTCL cells in a given patient would be tumor specific. Although a monoclonal antibody to the clonotypic antigen receptor on CTCL cells would approach this ideal, it is not currently feasible to generate such antibodies for each CTCL patient. As a compromise, we chose to test an "almost clonotypic" reagent by examining whether monoclonal antibodies directed at the variable (V) region of the T-cell antigen receptor could be applied to CTCL. We identified three Sezary patients, who by standard T-cell phenotype and Southern blot analysis for clonality had a virtually pure peripheral blood population of leukemic cells (PBL). We then screened the PBL of these patients with a panel of seven commercially available monoclonal anti-V region antibodies and found one patients' cells reacted > 99% with αVβ5 The other patients' cells were non-reactive. In addition, we utilized a solid-phase system to cross-link Vβ5 on the one CTCL patients' PBL cells, and found that they proliferated vigorously in the presence of 10 units of IL-2 and IL-4. Parallel cultures have been maintained for one month by restimulation twice a week. These findings suggest that anti-V region antibodies should prove useful for investigating the immunobiology of CTCL.
Reduktion von Acylmalonestern mit Natriumborhydrid

Acylmalonester werden durch Natriumborhydrid in Aldehyde und Malonester gespalten. Praparative Beispiele fur diese Reaktion werden beschrieben.
INTERMITTENT STIMULATION BY LIGHT : I. THE VALIDITY OF TALBOT'S LAW FOR MYA

On the basis of previous knowledge of the photosensory behavior of Mya it is shown that Talbot's law for the effectiveness of stimulation by intermittent illumination should be valid. Two series of measurements are reported in which the photosensory effects of intermittent and continuous illuminations are compared. The results demonstrate the validity of Talbot's law for Mya.
Signal variance in gamma-ray detectors-A review

Abstract Signal variance in gamma-ray detector materials is reviewed with an emphasis on intrinsic variance. Phenomenological models of electron cascades are examined and the Fano factor ( F ) is discussed in detail. In semiconductors, F is much smaller than unity and charge carrier production is nearly proportional to energy. Based on a fit to a number of semiconductors and insulators, a new relationship between the average energy for electron–hole pair production and band gap energy is proposed. In scintillators, the resolution is governed mainly by photoelectron statistics and proportionality of light yield with respect to energy.
The surgical management of hand enchondroma without postcurettage void augmentation: authors' experience and a systematic review.

Background Postcurettage void augmentation in the management of hand enchondroma is a debated practice. The objectives of this study are to present the outcomes of hand enchondroma treatment by curettage without void augmentation at the authors’ institution and to systematically review the literature pertinent to this aspect of management.
Accurate evaluation of modal green’s function and its gradient for electromagnetic scattering by body of revolution

Accurate evaluation for MGF and its gradient is the key step in the MoM solution for scattering by BOR's. We develop a new evaluation scheme for the singular MGF and its gradient. Compared with the scheme in (Glisson, 1978), our scheme employs more analytical solutions and removes the approximation in elliptical integrals. Also, the entire process is more rigorous and the results are suitable for higher-order calculation.
Modulation property of multi-spatial-mode semiconductor mode-locked lasers

Modulation response of multi-spatial-mode semiconductor mode-locked lasers is studied by using coupled multi-mode rate equations and the analysis agrees well with previous experimental results that show the modulation response well beyond the relaxation-oscillation-resonance limit.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of a rectenna element for microwave power transmission

A method has been devised to experimentally characterize a packaged GaAs Schottky barrier diode by inserting it into a microstrip test mount. The nonlinear equivalent circuit parameters of the diode are determined by a small-signal test method. A large-signal measurement using the same test mount has also been configured to determine the power conversion efficiency from microwave to DC as well as determining the de-embedded network impedance of the diode. A nonlinear circuit simulation program using a multireflection algorithm is used to verify the experimental results for the 2.45-GHz diode. A Ka-band mixer diode is simulated for a 35-GHz rectenna. Based on the simulation results, a patch-type 35-GHz rectenna is designed and tested in a waveguide simulator. The efficiency is 29% with 120-mW input power. Because the diode could generate undesirable harmonic radiation, a frequency-selective surface is designed to reduce the second harmonic radiation for a 2.45-GHz rectenna. Theoretical results agree fairly well with experiments for all these studies. >
Flux Reversal in Three-Rung Laddics

When the flux in the driven branch of a multipath core is reversed most of it will return via the shortest return path in the core. A small fraction will return by the next shortest. The ratio of the flux change in the shortest path to that in the next shortest is called the branching ratio r. Experimental branching ratios are much larger than they reasonably should be. In this paper a magnetic circuit analysis which neglects leakage and reversible flux but includes the dependence of branch reluctance on flux is applied to the three-rung laddic. The calculations predict a branching ratio at infinite drive which is about a factor of two greater than might be naively expected. Except in special cases they predict that it should decrease monotonically with drive. Experimentally it may either increase, decrease, or saturate shortly after threshold. The experimental values are uniformly greater than the theoretical. It appears likely that the disparity between theory and experiment can be attributed to flux leakage during switching. This leakage may be minimized by silver plating the core. A remeasurement of the branching ratio as a function of drive and geometry seems to be indicated at the present time.
FPGA Circuit Synthesis of Accelerator Data-Parallel Programs

This paper describes the techniques used to describe and synthesize FPGA circuits expressed in a data-parallel domain specific language (DSL) called Accelerator. We identify the subset of data-parallel descriptions that are supported by our system and explain how we track memory access patterns which allow us to generate efficient FPGA circuits.
Towards robust face recognition from video

A novel, template-based method for face recognition is presented. The goals of the proposed method are to integrate multiple observations for improved robustness and to provide auxiliary confidence data for subsequent use in an automated video surveillance system. The proposed framework consists of a parallel system of classifiers, referred to as observers, where each observer is trained on one face region. The observer outputs are combined to yield the final recognition result. Three of the four confounding factors expression, illumination, and decoration-are specifically addressed in this paper The extension of the proposed approach to address the fourth confounding factor-pose-is straightforward and well supported in previous work. A further contribution of the proposed approach is the computation of a revealing confidence measure. This confidence measure will aid the subsequent application of the proposed method to video surveillance scenarios. Results are reported for a database comprising 676 images of 160 subjects under a variety of challenging circumstances. These results indicate significant performance improvements over previous methods and demonstrate the usefulness of the confidence data.
Calculation of interparticle spacing in colloidal systems

Interparticle spacing (IPS) is a very important parameter for estimation of the viscosity of a suspension. A new equation for calculating IPS was derived on the assumption that each particle is surrounded by a virtual cell, which is the free volume that each particle can occupy. This idea was originated by Kuwabara and widely used for calculating electrophoretic mobility in concentrated suspensions. Our new IPS equation was evaluated and compared with a pre-existing IPS equation proposed by Dinger and Funk using experimental data from three commercial sources of titania. Our equation was found to give reasonable values, including cases where the equation of Dinger and Funk gave anomalous values.
Day of the (Un)Dead: The De-Extinction Enterprise

De-extinction is much in the news these days, in no small measure because of the subject of this review—Beth Shapiro’s lively account of the science behind the attempt to bring back lost species. She writes uncommonly well and manages to cover a fairly complex series of issues surrounding this very new initiative, from the bench science involved in creating new life to the unavoidably tough ethical issues such work provokes. As a leading figure in ancient DNA studies, Shapiro—an associate professor of biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz—certainly has the background to speak authoritatively on technical matters, but the value of her outlook is that she is also very good on why we should—or shouldn’t—engage in bringing back the dead.
Ineffectiveness of DMSO in treating experimental brain ischemia.

A beneficial effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia has not been proven. In the present study, two established experimental models of acute focal cerebral ischemia were treated with DMSO. Twenty adult cats lightly anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride underwent right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion for 6 hours. Ten cats were not treated and 10 cats received DMSO (2.5 g/kg i.v.) immediately after occlusion. No improvement of EEG findings, erythrocyte transit, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), blood-brain barrier permeability, or morphological findings were demonstrated in the DMSO-treated cats. In a second study, 15 conscious adult baboons underwent temporary left MCA occlusion (6 or 12 hours) using an implanted occluding device. Seven baboons were not treated and 8 baboons received continuous intravenous infusions of DMSO for 10 hours beginning 30 minutes after occlusion. Four of the baboons that were treated with DMSO also were treated with pentobarbital coma for 96 hours starting 4 hours after occlusion. Analysis of the neurological scores after 1 week survival indicated that treatment with DMSO alone and DMSO and pentobarbital coma did not improve the outcome. Morphological changes were similar in the 3 groups. The findings of our investigation indicate that DMSO is ineffective in treating acute focal cerebral ischemia.
Isolation of Mutations That Bypass the Requirement of the Septation Initiation Network for Septum Formation and Conidiation in Aspergillus Nidulans

The kinase cascade of the septation initiation network (SIN), first revealed in fission yeast, activates the contraction of the actomyosin ring, and plays an essential role in fungal septation. Mob1p, an evolutionarily conserved SIN protein, is associated with the most downstream kinase of this cascade in fission yeast. In this study, the mobA gene encoding a homologous protein was isolated from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, whose mycelium is made of multinucleate cells. The MOBA protein was required for septation and conidiation, but was not essential for hyphal extension and colony formation. To identify genes that act antagonistically against the SIN, UV mutagenesis was carried out to isolate suppressor (smo) mutations that restored conidiation when MOBA was not expressed. Microscopic examination indicated that the restored conidiation was concomitant with restored septation in the absence of the MOBA protein. Eight recessive smo mutations in five complementation groups also bypassed the requirement of the SIN kinases SEPH and SIDB for septum formation and conidiation. However, none of these smo mutations affected the localization of MOBA. Among smo mutations, smoA and smoB mutations caused reduced hyphal growth and colony formation. They also rendered hypersensitivity to low doses of the microtubule-depolymerizing agent benomyl for conidiation. Therefore, in A. nidulans, proteins encoded by the smo genes likely have an antagonistic interaction against the SIN pathway to regulate septation and conidiation.
FitzHugh-Nagumo model and signal processing in the visual cortex of fly

In this paper, FitzHugh-Nagumo equations are used to model the dynamics of tangential cells in fly's visual cortex. Membrane current produced by the visual stimuli is modelled as the external input. An asymptotic method is used to show that the amplitude of the oscillation depends critically on the magnitude of the external input. Furthermore, in a neighborhood of a bifurcation, the amplitude increases monotonically as a function of the external input. This result helps to explain how the visual cortex of fly encodes visual stimulus and detects motion.
New advances in local therapy for colorectal cancer metastases to the liver

SUMMARY The liver is the most common site of metastasis from primary colorectal cancer (CRC), and liver metastasis represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with primary CRC. Of patients with metastatic CRC that is confined to the liver, only a minority of patients are candidates for potentially curative surgical resection. In addition, to the very well-established modalities of surgery and thermal ablation, several newer locoregional therapies are available for the treatment of hepatic metastases, including stereotactic body radiotherapy, radioembolization and chemoembolization. Small prospective studies evaluating these treatments show promising response rates and local control in the first-line and salvage settings. Further randomized trials are required for a more rigorous assessment of the benefit and optimal setting in which these therapies should be used in patients with CRC liver metastases.
Ecological Restoration Using EBIPM

W hen managing rangeland impacted by weeds, land managers often encounter plant com- munities where remnant desired vegetation is very scarce. When rangeland is this de- graded, simply controlling weeds with the expectation that desired plants will be released from competition and return to dominate the site over time might not be adequate. In- troducing propagules (i.e., seeds) of desired species through revegetation might be required. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i6_mangold
Kinetics and substrate binding of myosin adenosine triphosphatase.

Abstract The rate of hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate and the binding of inorganic pyrophosphate to myosin vary inversely with increasing concentration of free Mg++, in the presence of a magnesium ethylenediaminetetraacetate buffer system; half-maximum binding of pyrophosphate and 50% inhibition of adenosine triphosphatase activity occur at a free Mg++ concentration about 10-7 m at 3°. The binding of pyrophosphate to myosin is reduced if Ca++ replaces Mg++ in the medium; it is also reduced by lowering the pH or raising the temperature. Actin is a competitive inhibitor of pyrophosphate binding to myosin. The actin-myosin interaction requires firmly bound Mg++. 2,4-Dinitrophenol has no effect on pyrophosphate binding to myosin. A hypothesis is presented, on the basis of the above data, which gives a simple explanation of the effects of Mg++, Ca++, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and actin on the adenosine triphosphatase activity of myosin.
Succession of Phenotypic, Genotypic, and Metabolic Community Characteristics during In Vitro Bioslurry Treatment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sediments

Dredged harbor sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was removed from the Milwaukee Confined Disposal Facility and examined for in situ biodegradative capacity. Molecular techniques were used to determine the successional characteristics of the indigenous microbiota during a 4-month bioslurry evaluation. Ester-linked phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), multiplex PCR of targeted genes, and radiorespirometry techniques were used to define in situ microbial phenotypic, genotypic, and metabolic responses, respectively. Soxhlet extractions revealed a loss in total PAH concentrations of 52%. Individual PAHs showed reductions as great as 75% (i.e., acenapthene and fluorene). Rates of 14 C-PAH mineralization (percent/day) were greatest for phenanthrene, followed by pyrene and then chrysene. There was no mineralization capacity for benzo[a]pyrene. Ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed a threefold increase in total microbial biomass and a dynamic microbial community composition that showed a strong correlation with observed changes in the PAH chemistry (canonical r 2 of 0.999). Nucleic acid analyses showed copies of genes encoding PAH-degrading enzymes (extradiol dioxygenases, hydroxylases, and meta-cleavage enzymes) to increase by as much as 4 orders of magnitude. Shifts in gene copy numbers showed strong correlations with shifts in specific subsets of the extant microbial community. Specifically, declines in the concentrations of three-ring PAH moieties (i.e., phenanthrene) correlated with PLFA indicative of certain gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Rhodococcus spp. and/or actinomycetes) and genes encoding for naphthalene-, biphenyl-, and catechol2,3-dioxygenase degradative enzymes. The results of this study suggest that the intrinsic biodegradative potential of an environmental site can be derived from the polyphasic characterization of the in situ microbial community.
Diffusion-Accommodated Grain Boundary Sliding and Dislocation Glide in the Creep of Sintered Alpha Silicon Carbide

Constant compressive stress creep experiments in the temperature and stress ranges of 1770 to 2020 K and 35 to 373 MPa have been performed on polycrystalline alpha SiC. Specimens having average grain sizes of 3.5, 4.9, and 7.5 μm have been studied in order to determine the grain size dependence of steady-state creep in this material and to distinguish the relative contributions of diffusion-accommodated grain boundary sliding and dislocation glide. Analysis of steady-state creep rate data revealed different kinetics of creep below and above 1920 K as follows: activation energies of 387–541 and 838–877 kJ/mol, stress exponents of 1.0–1.4 and 1.4–2.5, and inverse grain size exponents of 2.5 and 4. The m value of 2.5 indicated Coble-controlled creep with a contribution of Nabarro–Herring creep in the low-temperature range. The m value was less reliable for the high-temperature range because of the large differences in the microstructures of the three materials. The large number of high aspect ratio grains with increasing average grain size resulted in different contributions of diffusion-accommodated grain boundary sliding and dislocation glide between thsee materials.
High Energy Resummation: BFKL vs Sudakov

In this talk, we review recent theoretical developments on QCD resummation in high energy scattering processes in pp and pA collisions. In particular, we will show that the transverse momentum resummation (Sudakov) can be performed consistently in the small-x factorization formalism (BFKL) at the leading double logarithmic approximation. We further discuss the physics beyond the above approximation, and show that the TMD resummation at next-to-leading logarithmic order can describe the dijet production experimental data from D0 collaboration. Finally, we comment on the TMD resummation effects in the so-called Mueller-Navelet jet production in hadronic collisions.
Show Your Pride: Evidence for a Discrete Emotion Expression

Three experiments provide converging evidence that pride has a distinct, recognizable expression. Experiment 1 showed that judges can agree in identifying a posed expression as showing pride and can reliably distinguish pride expressions from expressions of related emotions such as happiness. Experiment 2 showed that judges can identify the pride expression when the task uses an open-ended response format that does not cue them with the label "pride." Experiment 3 showed that the pride expression includes a small smile, with head tilted slightly back, visibly expanded posture, and arms raised above the head or hands on hips. Overall, these findings challenge the assumption that all positive emotions share the same expression, and suggest that pride may be added to the pantheon of basic emotions generally viewed as evolved responses.
Factors that drive purchasing and supply management's use of information technology

Purchasing and supply leaders continually search for ways to improve the quality, delivery, and cost of production inputs. Their participation in these proactive supply chain activities can be a significant driver of purchasing and supply management's use of information technology (IT). Using a transaction cost analysis perspective, we surveyed purchasing and supply professionals at the director level or above from the Institute for Supply Management database to determine whether five common purchasing activities increase the need for purchasing professionals to use IT. The purchasing activities studied are (1) supplier alliance; (2) market monitoring; and (3) cost management (including cost analysis, total cost of ownership, and target costing). Of these activities, supplier alliances and cost analysis were found to significantly influence purchasing and supply management use of IT. In addition, industry effects were also discovered, where purchasing professionals in organizations that focus on producing high technology products and services utilize IT to a greater extent than purchasing professionals in traditional manufacturing and service organizations. The findings suggest that while there is evidence of a relationship between purchasing and supply management's participation in proactive activities and actual use of IT, more research is needed to understand how information and technology can better facilitate purchasing and supply management activities.
Diabetes Health Literacy Among Somali Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in a US Primary Care Setting

The purpose of this study was to describe diabetes literacy among Somali immigrants with diabetes and its association with diabetes outcomes. Among Somali immigrants in North America, the prevalence of diabetes exceeds that of the general population, and their measures of diabetes control are suboptimal when compared with non-Somali patients. Diabetes literacy is an important mediator of diabetes outcomes in general populations that has not been previously described among Somali immigrants and refugees. Diabetes literacy was measured using a translated version of the spoken knowledge in low literacy in diabetes (SKILLD) scale among Somali immigrants and refugees with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes outcome measures, including hemoglobin A1C, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and blood pressure, were obtained for each patient. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between diabetes literacy and diabetes outcomes. Among 50 Somali patients with diabetes who completed the survey, the mean SKILLD score was low (42.2 %). The diabetes outcome measures showed a mean hemoglobin A1C of 8 %, LDL cholesterol of 99.17 mg/dL (2.57 mmol/L), systolic blood pressure of 130.9 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure of 70.2 mmHg. There was no association between diabetes literacy scores and diabetes outcome measures. Somali patients with diabetes mellitus had low diabetes literacy and suboptimal measures of diabetes disease control. However, we found no association between diabetes literacy and diabetes outcomes. Future work aimed at reduction of diabetes-related health disparities among Somali immigrants and refugees to high-income countries should go beyond traditional means of patient education for low-literacy populations.
Clinical and neuroimaging features as diagnostic guides in neonatal neurology diseases with cerebellar involvement

Cerebellar abnormalities are encountered in a high number of neurological diseases that present in the neonatal period. These disorders can be categorized broadly as inherited (e.g. malformations, inborn errors of metabolism) or acquired (e.g. hemorrhages, infections, stroke). In some disorders such as Dandy-Walker malformation or Joubert syndrome, the main abnormalities are located within the cerebellum and brainstem. In other disorders such as Krabbe disease or sulfite oxidase deficiency, the main abnormalities are found within the supratentorial brain, but the cerebellar involvement may be helpful for diagnostic purposes. In In this article, we review neurological disorders with onset in the neonatal period and cerebellar involvement with a focus on how characterization of cerebellar involvement can facilitate accurate diagnosis and improved accuracy of neuro-functional prognosis.
Bell's Inequality Tests and Quantum Communication with Entangled Photon Holes

We report on experimental work towards the realization of quantum communication with entangled photon holes. These experiments involve two-photon interferometry and photon hole states generated through quantum interference effects.
EFFECT OF PARATHYROID EXTRACT ON SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN YOUNG RAT BONE AND SKIN.

SummaryAdministration of PTE to young rats results in early stimulation of succinic dehydrogenase activity in bone followed by a return toward normal in 12 or 24 hours. This response differs in diaphyseal from the meta-physeal areas as well as in calvaria. The skin responds to PTE by an initial decreased activity and then an apparent compensatory rebound.The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr. Charles Lyons.
Microwave Absorption in YBCO/PrBCO Superlattices

Non-resonant microwave absorption is employed to probe YBCO/PrBCO superlattices and compare the response to that of a YBCO film. Near the transition temperatures, the response of the superlattice samples and the YBCO film have similar amplitudes and orientation dependencies. At lower temperatures, the response of the superlattices is much stronger than that of the YBCO film and, while both responses are hysteretic at low temperatures, the widths of the hysteresis have opposite orientation dependencies, which we attribute to the role of the PrBCO layers.
Research on Firepower Join of Missile-Artillery Integration Weapon System

Based on the analysis of artillery firing,some confusing concepts in the demonstration of how to jion missile and artillery firepower range are corrected from the perspective of full track kill probability,and more reasonable connection rules are presented.The requirements of the rules are as follows: First,the near range of kill area of missile system overlaps with the effective range of artillery as possibly as it can.Second,the kill probability of missile system in its kill area matches full track kill probability of artillery system in its target range on the whole.
Coupling between the DEAD-box RNA helicases Ded1p and eIF4A

Eukaryotic translation initiation involves two conserved DEAD-box RNA helicases, eIF4A and Ded1p. Here we show that S. cerevisiae eIF4A and Ded1p directly interact with each other and simultaneously with the scaffolding protein eIF4G. We delineate a comprehensive thermodynamic framework for the interactions between Ded1p, eIF4A, eIF4G, RNA and ATP, which indicates that eIF4A, with and without eIF4G, acts as a modulator for activity and substrate preferences of Ded1p, which is the RNA remodeling unit in all complexes. Our results reveal and characterize an unexpected interdependence between the two RNA helicases and eIF4G, and suggest that Ded1p is an integral part of eIF4F, the complex comprising eIF4G, eIF4A, and eIF4E.
“We Are All Natives Now”: An Overview of International and Development Communication Research

This chapter reviews the historical and conceptual parameters of the international communication research area, followed by a focus on communication and development. Both parts of the chapter define the scope of the areas discussed, summarize the main theoretical approaches, and present major trends in research. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.