cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ions generated from uranyl nitrate solutions by electrospray ionization (ESI) and detected with fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization (ESI) of uranyl nitrate solutions generates a wide variety of positively and negatively charged ions, including complex adducts of uranyl ions with methoxy, hydroxy, and nitrate ligands. In the positive ion mode, ions detected by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry are sensitive to instrumental tuning parameters such as quadrupole operating frequency and trapping time. Positive ions correspond to oligomeric uranyl nitrate species that can be characterized as having a general formula of [(UO2)n(A)m(CH3OH)s]+ or [(UO2)n(O)(A)m(CH3OH)s]+ with n=1–4, m=1–7, s=0 or 1, and A = OH, NO3, CH3O or a combination of these, although the formation of NO3-containing species is preferred. In the negative ion mode, complexes of the form [(UO2)(NO3)m]− (m=1–3) are detected, although the formation of the oxo-containing ions [(UO2)(O)n(NO3)m]− (n=1–2, m=1–2) and the hydroxy-containing ions [(UO2)(OH)n(NO3)m]− (n=1–2, m=0–1) are also observed. The extent of coordinative unsaturation of both positive and negative ions can be determined by ligand association/exchange and H/D exchange experiments using D2O and CD3OD as neutral reaction partners in the gas-phase. Positive ions are of varying stability and reactivity and may fragment extensively upon collision with D2O, CD3OD and N2 in sustained off-resonance irradiation/collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) experiments. Electron-transfer reactions, presumably occurring during electrospray ionization but also in SORI-CID, can result in reduction of U(VI) to U(V) and perhaps even U(IV).
Lowest-order optical nonlinearity in InSb: theory of dispersion near the band gap

A model for the lowest-order optical nonlinearity in InSb is presented. A method for ensuring the cancellation of sizeable contributions throughout the Brillouin zone is incorporated in the model. A calculation, based on the band structure of InSb at k=0, successfully accounts for the dispersion of the optical nonlinearity near the band gap, measured by a second-harmonic-generation (SHG) experiment in InSb. General results are also presented on the interpretation of SHG measurements in absorbing media, with special attention devoted to interference experiments. From a comparison of the experimental dispersion with the theory, values are obtained for momentum matrix elements near k=0.
Low-Income Housing Factors Related to Residential Satisfaction

Residential satisfaction,both in terms of dwelling unit satisfaction and neighborhood satisfaction, was analyzed in relation to type of structure, previous housing experience, social participation, housing aspirations, and social psychological perspectives. Interviews were conducted with 257 occupants of low income housing units located in 33 different projects throughout South Carolina. While a high degree of satisfaction was found for both components of residential satisfaction, it was greater for the housing unit than the neighborhood. A high degree of housing satisfaction was found to be significantly related to owning the dwelling, living in a single rather than multiple family unit, positive sentiments toward neighbors, a short duration in present residence, and a positive life orientation. Degree of crowding, amount of payments, location to relatives and friends, and being a renter were not found to affect this satisfaction. No relationships were found between neighborhood satisfaction and either l...
Employing mutual-exclusion algorithms for collaborative immersive visualization--CTHRU-C: a case study

CTHRU is a high performance visualization tool that is used to visualize temporal 3D datasets in an immersion environment. It was developed by Mississippi State University to visualize ocean models. This paper describes the design, development, and implementation of an enhanced version of CTHRU in order to add new collaborative capabilities. The CTHRU-C software package allows remote users to view and manipulate temporal datasets in real-time. Developing a multi-collaborative package with homogeneous software on both sides may run a risk of message duplication, which would lead to every message being repeatedly sent over the network and since, the options work in a toggled manner this would wreck havoc on the systems. To solve this problem a new mutual exclusion algorithms was developed. The paper also describes the network design scheme including propagation techniques. To implement a multi-user environment one master is needed that everyone would connect to. The paper also describes the network design scheme including propagation techniques. To implement a multi-user environment one mater is needed that everyone would connect to. The master would farm out all connections. This connection was implemented in CTHRU-C as a floating master. The software is designed around OpenGL, CAVERNsoft and CAVElibs to interface to the immersion environment. The tool was successfully tested on local machines at the Central of Higher Learning and Mississippi State University. The paper also addresses the guidelines that should \be taken into consideration while designing similar packages if one the design objectives is to add collaborative mode in the future.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Czochralski bulk flow of silicon at large melt aspect ratio

Abstract Simulations carried out for a very shallow crucible indicate that counterrotation of the crucible reduces convection somewhat, but that isorotation suppresses it almost completely. This may have some implications about the use of a baffle plate in deep-crucible Czochralski growth.
Relationships among estimators of triangular econometric models

Abstract Estimators for triangular models where one endogenous variable may be dichotomous are compared. The selection bias correction method utilized in the simultaneous probit model is applied to standard simultaneous equations models. The resulting estimator is shown to be equivalent to 2SLS in some cases and provides a Hausman (1978) test of endogeneity. Also, other comparisons of estimators are made.
Calculations of double spike isotope dilution results revisited

The use of isotope pattern deconvolution analysis is proposed to simplify the double spiking species-specific isotope dilution result calculations when inter-conversion might occur. A detailed example is given for the determination of Cr(III)/Cr(VI) in yeast by isotope dilution-HPLC-ICP-MS. The results are in exact agreeent with the conventional isotope dilution calculations.
A consensus approach to dynamic state estimation for smart grid power systems

We propose a distributed dynamic state estimator based on the multi-agent system (MAS) framework and on the availability of supervised control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. We assume that the power system is modeled by a linear DC power flow model and is operating in a quasi-steady state. The phase angle at the network buses is modeled as a heterogeneous MAS with discrete time dynamics. Conditions on the existence of a distributed estimator are derived and a solution is proposed to construct the estimator gain.
Correlated BCS theory

A variational theory of the BCS pair-condensed state of strongly-interacting Fermi system is briefly outlined. An FHNC scheme is devised to calculate the radial distribution function and the one-and the twobody density matrices.
Effects of nylidrin in endotoxin shock.

Endotoxin shock was induced in anesthetized mongrel dogs by the intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Although nylidrin, 0.25 mg./kg. administered intravenously at the termination of the initial hypotensive stage, did decrease mortality due to endotoxin-induced shock, the reduction in mortality was not statistically significant. Therefore, it appears that this β-adrenergic stimulant does not prevent the lethal effects of endotoxin-induced shock in dogs.
Computational aspects of the three-dimensional feature-scale simulation of silicon-nanowire field-effect sensors for DNA detection

In recent years dna-sensors, and generally biosensors, with semiconducting transducers were fabricated and characterized. Although the concept of so-called Biofets was proposed already two decades ago, its realization has become feasible only recently due to advances in process technology. In this paper a comprehensive and rigorous approach to the simulation of silicon-nanowire dnafets at the feature-scale is presented. It allows to investigate the feasibility of single-molecule detectors and is used to elucidate the performance that can be expected from sensors with nanowire diameters in the deca-nanometer range. Finally the computational challenges for the simulation of silicon-nanowire dna-sensors are discussed.
Apocalyptic AI: Religion and the Promise of Artificial Intelligence

Popular science publications in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) reveal a striking merger between apocalyptic religious thought and scientific research. Three major elements characterize early Jewish and Christian apocalypticism: alienation within the world, desire for the establishment of a heavenly new world, and the transformation of human beings so that they may live in that world in purified bodies. In Apocalyptic AI, these characteristics are attributed scientific authority. Apocalyptic AI advocates, frustrated by the limitations of bodily life, look forward to a virtual world inhabited by intelligent machines and human beings who have left their bodies. Having downloaded their consciousnesses into machines, human beings will possess enhanced mental abilities and, through their infinite replicability, immortality.
Self-organizing height-arrow model: numerical and analytical results

The recently introduced self-organizing height-arrow (HA) model is studied numerically on the square lattice and analytically on the Bethe lattice. The concentration of occupied sites and critical exponents of distributions of avalanches are evaluated for two slightly different versions of the model. The exponents found for distributions of avalanches by mass, area, duration and appropriate fractal dimensions are close to those for the original sandpile model, which suggests that the HA model belongs to the same universality class. For comparison, the concentration of occupied sites in the HA model is calculated exactly on the Bethe lattice with coordination number q=4.
Plasminogen activators and their interaction with the extracellular matrix in neural development, plasticity and regeneration

Abstract Plasminogen activators are extracellular serine proteases, which are actively secreted by developing and regenerating neurons. These molecules, as discussed in this review, have been implicated in cell migration, axonal growth, growth factor activation, and synaptic remodeling associated with learning. Secreted plasminogen activators not only bind to their specific cell surface receptors, where they retain full proteolytic activity, but they also associate with extracellular matrix molecules including fibronectin and laminin. Plasminogen activator association with specific matrix proteins may target these proteins for degradation, altering the matrix composition and leading to intracellular signaling and influencing cell differentiation. The secreted plasminogen activators can bring about the degradation of matrix molecules either directly, or indirectly via the formation of plasmin.
Tandem accelerator mass spectrometry of 26Al from an iron meteorite

The Yale tandem Van de Graaff accelerator was used as a mass spectrometer to detect 26Al. The ion source was modified by the addition of a Pierce electrode and the source was operated with a reflected cesium beam geometry utilizing ∼ 1 mg samples of Al2O3. An electrostatic analyzer was installed after the analyzing magnet in order to separate the Al5+ beam from various background beams. We were able to detect 26Al in Al extracted from the iron meteorite Mundrabilla. The measured 26Al/27Al ratios ranged from 1 × 10−12 to 1 × 10−9 atoms/atom. Using the model of Hampel et al., we have determined the exposure age of Mundrabilla to be 220±60 million years. This age agrees fairly well with the exposure age as determined with 53Mn and 38Ar.
A Novel Method to Correlate Layer Charge and the Catalytic Activity of 2:1 Dioctahedral Smectite Clays in Terms of Binding the Interlayer Cation Surrounded by Monohydrate

Ab initio total energy pseudopotential calculations were performed on 2:1 dioctahedral smectite to rationalize an understanding of the structure and energetics for the same and to correlate catalytic activity of clay materials with layer charge. We have chosen two clay members from the 2:1 dioctahedral smectite family(1) beidellite and (2) montmorilloniteto monitor the effect of negative charge on the location of interlayer cation. Local softness calculation using Fukui functions generated for clusters derived from the structures of the clay matrixes in the domain of the hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) principle were performed first to locate the active site in clay. Ab initio calculations were followed to determine the most feasible orientation of the single interlayer water molecule in hydrated montmorillonite and beidellite. The role of hydroxyl hydrogen attached with the bridging oxygen connected to octahedral aluminum was also monitored. It is observed that interlayer cation (Na+) has a lesser influence o...
Electrical characteristics of MeV Si-implanted and annealed GaAs

Abstract The effects of MeV Si implantation followed by RTA (rapid thermal annealing) on the electrical characteristics of GaAs are reported. MeV Si implantation and RTA generates active buried layers in GaAs. The buried layer quality is found to be at least comparable to a similarly processed keV Si-implanted active GaAs layer. The deep traps in MeV-implanted GaAs are identified and explained in terms of their probable origins. The deep level behavior of MeV Si-implanted and RTA GaAs is distinctly different from keV Si-implanted and RTA GaAs. This difference is attributed to the dynamic annealing occurring during MeV implantation.
A weight set decomposition algorithm for finding all efficient extreme points in the outcome set of a multiple objective linear program

Abstract Various computational difficulties arise in using decision set-based vector maximization methods to solve multiple objective linear programming problems. As a result, several researchers have begun to explore the possibility of solving these problems by examining subsets of their outcome sets, rather than of their decision sets. In this article, we present and validate a basic weight set decomposition approach for generating the set of all efficient extreme points in the outcome set of a multiple objective linear program. Based upon this approach, we then develop an algorithm, called the Weight Set Decomposition Algorithm, for generating this set. A sample problem is solved using this algorithm, and the main potential computational and practical advantages of the algorithm are indicated.
CNPUF: A Carbon Nanotube-based Physically Unclonable Function for secure low-energy hardware design

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are used to provide identification, authentication and secret key generation based on unique and unpredictable physical characteristics. Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs) were shown to have excellent electrical and unique physical characteristics and are promising candidates to replace silicon transistors in future Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) designs. We present Carbon Nanotube PUF (CNPUF), the first PUF design that takes advantage of unique CNFET characteristics. CNPUF achieves higher reliability against environmental variations and increased resistance against modeling attacks. Furthermore, CNPUF has a considerable power and energy reduction in comparison to previous ultra-low power PUF designs of 89.6% and 98%, respectively. Additionally, CNPUF allows power-security tradeoff.
A new reversed passive hemagglutination test for detection of HBsAg.

. A new reversed passive hemagglutination test for HBsAg, termed Raphadex B, has been developed using immunochemically purified chimpanzee anti-HBs bound to stabilized human erythrocytes. The test has been found to have equivalent sensitivity to the Ausria 125I radioimmunoassay, and detected a similar number of HBsAg-containing specimens in screening of volunteer blood donors. This method offers an economical approach to third generation methodology for hepatitis B screening of blood donors.
Manipulation of the vsg co-transposed region increases expression-site switching in Trypanosoma brucei

Disruption of a region of DNA in Trypanosoma brucei immediately upstream of the expressed telomere-proximal variant surface glycoprotein gene (vsg), known as the co-transposed region (CTR), can cause a dramatic increase in the rate at which the active expression site (ES) is switched off and a new ES is switched on. Deletion of most of the CTR in two ESs caused a greater than 100-fold increase in the rate of ES switching, to about 1.3 x 10(-4) per generation. A more dramatic effect was observed when the entire CTR and the 5' coding region of the expressed vsg221 were deleted. In this case a new ES was activated within a few cell divisions. This switch also occurred in cell lines where a second vsg had been inserted into the ES, prior to CTR deletion. These cell lines, which stably co-expressed the inserted and endogenous Vsgs, in equal amounts, did not differ from the wild-type in growth rate or switching frequency, suggesting that simultaneous expression of two Vsgs has no intrinsic effect. CTR deletion did not disturb the inserted vsg117. We tentatively conclude that it was not the disruption of the vsg221 in itself that destabilized the ES. All of the observed switches occurred without additional detectable DNA rearrangements in the switched ES. Deletion of the 70-bp repeats and/or a vsg pseudogene upstream of the CTR did not affect ES stability. Several speculative interpretations of these observation are offered, the most intriguing of which is that the CTR plays some role in modulating chromatin conformation at an ES.
A distal methyl substituent attenuates mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition in oxazolidinone antibacterials

Oxazolidinone analogs bearing substituted piperidine or azetidine C-rings are described. Analogs with a methyl group at the 3-position of the azetidine ring or the 4-position of the piperidine ring exhibited reduced mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition while retaining good antibacterial potency.
Robust approximations to the distribution of link distances in a wireless network occupying a rectangular region

An important characteristic of a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is the distribution of the link distance between communicating nodes. Knowing this distribution is a step in determining the distribution of the number of neighbor nodes, the number of hops required to transmit a message, etc. This paper presents two robust approximations to the link distance distribution for nodes within a rectangular area, providing the x and p node coordinates follow independent continuous spatial distributions. This paper also presents an approximate link distance distribution for the Random Waypoint Mobility model and examines the approximation error in a number of situations.
The effects of ABCG5/G8 polymorphisms on plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations depend on smoking habit in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

Low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis, and concentrations are modulated by genetic factors and environmental factors such as smoking. Our objective was to assess whether the association of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ABCG5/G8 (i18429G>A, i7892T>C, Gln604GluC>G, 5U145A>C, Tyr54CysA>G, Asp19HisG>C, i14222A>G, and Thr400LysC>A) genes with HDL-C differs according to smoking habit. ABCG5/G8 SNPs were genotyped in 845 participants (243 men and 602 women). ABCG5/G8 (i7892T>C, 5U145A>C, Tyr54CysA>G, Thr400LysC>A) SNPs were significantly associated with HDL-C concentrations (P G, Asp19HisG>C, i14222A>G) SNPs displayed lower concentrations of HDL-C only if they were smokers (P = 0.001–0.025). Also, for ABCG8_Thr400LysC>A SNP, smokers, but not nonsmokers, homozygous for the Thr400 allele displayed lower HDL-C (P = 0.004). Further analyses supported a significant haplotype global effect on lowering HDL-C (P = 0.002) among smokers. In conclusion, ABCG5/G8 genetic variants modulate HDL-C concentrations, leading to an HDL-C-lowering effect and thereby a potential increased risk for atherosclerosis only in smokers.
CHILDREN'S PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF RACE OF E, RACE OF S, AND TYPE OF VERBAL REINFORCEMENT.

Abstract One hundred and eight white boys and 108 Negro boys from grades 1–2 and 4–6 were tested by white or Negro women in a simple performance task under one of three conditions, praise, control, or criticism. Differences in base-rate of response were associated with Race of S, Race of E, and the interaction between Race of E and Race of S and between Race of E and Age of S. In the analysis of change in rate of response after the introduction of the experimental condition, a same-race effect was found, with Es of the same race as S producing the greater increments in response. In general, Negro Es were more effective as reinforcing agents than were white Es. Separate analyses of performance in each of the experimental conditions are presented.
Interchange rolls of perforated tape for information interchange

This proposed American National Standard has been accepted for publication by American National Standards (formerly USASI) Committee X3, Computers and Information Processing. In order that the final version of the proposed standard reflect the largest public consensus, X3 authorized publication of this document to elicit comment and general public reaction, with the understanding that such a working document is an intermediate result in the standardization process and is subject to change, modification, or withdrawal in part or in whole. Comments should be addressed to the X3 Secretary, Business Equipment Manufacturers Association, 235 East 42 Street, New York, NY 10017.—C.K.
Quantitative assessment of stenotic heart lesions by continuous spectral analysis of heart murmurs

Continuous frequency spectra of heart murmurs were compared to jet velocities distal to associated obstructions measured by Doppler echocardiography. Murmurs were digitized at 20.8 kHz and divided into 12.3 ms (256 point) segments for spectral analysis by the maximum entropy method. Instantaneous and peak dominant murmur frequencies correlated respectively to instantaneous and peak Doppler jet velocities (r=0.85 and 0.89).
Stable standing waves of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations

In this paper we give sufficient conditions for the stability of the standing waves of least energy for nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations.
Clinical implementation of dose-volume histogram predictions for organs-at-risk in IMRT planning

True quality control (QC) of the planning process requires quantitative assessments of treatment plan quality itself, and QC in IMRT has been stymied by intra-patient anatomical variability and inherently complex three-dimensional dose distributions. In this work we describe the development of an automated system to reduce clinical IMRT planning variability and improve plan quality using mathematical models that predict achievable OAR DVHs based on individual patient anatomy. These models rely on the correlation of expected dose to the minimum distance from a voxel to the PTV surface, whereby a three-parameter probability distribution function (PDF) was used to model iso-distance OAR subvolume dose distributions. DVH models were obtained by fitting the evolution of the PDF with distance. Initial validation on clinical cohorts of 40 prostate and 24 head-and-neck plans demonstrated highly accurate model-based predictions for achievable DVHs in rectum, bladder, and parotid glands. By quantifying the integrated difference between candidate DVHs and predicted DVHs, the models correctly identified plans with under-spared OARs, validated by replanning all cases and correlating any realized improvements against the predicted gains. Clinical implementation of these predictive models was demonstrated in the PINNACLE treatment planning system by use of existing margin expansion utilities and the scripting functionality inherent to the system. To maintain independence from specific planning software, a system was developed in MATLAB to directly process DICOM-RT data. Both model training and patient-specific analyses were demonstrated with significant computational accelerations from parallelization.
Recruiting a partner

Practices should carefully review their workload before advertising for a new partner, argues Ray Wilcox, whose work as a management consultant takes him to many practices at times of change In my work with practices I see many approaches to the recruitment of new partners, most of which are rooted in history and tradition-which is often inappropriate for today's market. Doctors who began as junior partners 30 years ago recall their own recruitment and follow a similar model, but many practices fail to appreciate that the marketplace is changing. Contracts are short term not long term, flexible not rigid, temporary not permanent; and it's a buyers' market. Persuading a doctor to join one practice rather than another requires a different, more detailed process from that used in the 1970s and 1980s. Options and alternatives need to be explored by all partners, because these will affect the way you work, your income, and your values. Several stages need to be considered before any practice should even think of advertising. Specifying the package Some negotiating points to consider: Will we want them to “buy in” and if so when? An increasing number of general practitioners are interested in avoiding the commitment that comes with “buying in.” And companies are increasingly keen to invest in general practice, including, in certain circumstances, buying out the capital from existing partners. Time to parity How flexible will you be (donot become unnecessarily fixed on what you did last time)? What will it cost you personally if you shorten the time to parity? Can you afford not to? Responsibility for practice business matters Many practices expect partners to have an interest in one or more business aspects of the practice-computers, finances, staff, etc. Sometimes these are best agreed once the partner is in place, but it can …
A conceptual basis for applying the capacity rating methodology in a planning context

Several extensions to the capacity rating (CR) methodology are developed in this paper. The CR index is related in analytical models to the flow of work which is achieved over a planning period for both single and tandem work centre configurations. Statistical dependency between workload and availability is discussed and included in the flow models. Implications of applying the methodology to a series of periods in a planning horizon are clarified. Results collectively provide direction in applying the CR methodology in the planning process
Synthesis of stromal glycosaminoglycans in response to injury

Our goal is to examine the synthesis and deposition of corneal glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in response to a wound created by the insertion of porous discs into stromal interlamellar pockets. The disc and the surrounding stromal tissue were assayed and compared to contralateral control stroma and to sham operated corneas at 14, 42, and 84 days. The tissue and/or discs were removed and labeled with 35S-sulfate for 18 h; GAGs were extracted with 4 M guanidine-HCl. Extracts were chromatographed on Q-Sepharose columns, bound proteoglycans were eluted with a linear salt gradient, and radioactive fractions were analyzed. Total GAG content was determined colorimetrically, using dimethylmethylene blue. Specific GAGs were determined using enzymatic digestion with selective polysaccharide lyases and protein cores were examined using SDS-PAGE. The nonbound fractions from the chromatography were assayed for TGF-beta using Western blot analysis and for hyaluronic acid using an 125I-radiometric assay. Specific GAGs were localized 42 days after the disc had been implanted in the stroma. The placement of the discs into the stroma resulted in a decrease in the total amount of GAG. However, the ratio of dermatan-chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate to keratan sulfate increased in the surrounding tissue and disc. Hyaluronic acid was elevated at day 14 in the surrounding tissue, and not until day 84 in the disc. Western blot analysis of surrounding tissue extracts revealed forms of TGF-beta that migrated with an apparent molecular mass of 63 and 43 kDa. The results indicate that the insertion of discs into interlamellar pockets causes changes in the sulfation and proportion of the glycosaminoglycans in the surrounding tissue and the disc. These changes are coincident with the appearance of TGF-beta. After 84 days, the population of glycosaminoglycans in the disc begins to resemble the surrounding stroma. This model will allow us to examine further the synthesis and deposition of proteins following an extensive wound in which cells must migrate to the wound site and then undergo extensive remodeling.
Use of receptor affinity chromatography in purification of the growth hormone-like factor produced by plerocercoids of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides.

AbstractThe plerocercoid stage of the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides produces a functional analog of human growth hormone (hGH). Among the similarities between plerocercoid growth factor (PGF) and hGH is competition for the same receptors on rabbit liver membranes. To take advantage of this characteristic in a purification scheme for PGF, rabbit liver microsomes were solubilized in Triton X-100 and the hGH receptors were purified over an hGH affinity column. The purified receptors from six rabbit livers were coupled to Affi-Gel-10 to create a receptor affinity column which was used to purify PGF. Chromatography of crude PGF over the receptor column resulted in a 1044 fold increase in specific activity. SDS-PAGE in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol showed that the affinity-purified PGF contained three protein bands with apparent Mrs of 27.5 K, 22 K, and 16.7 K. Injections of the partially-purified PGF into hypophysectomized rats produced a dose-dependent growth response and 400 ng eq of PGF each day for 1...
You Have Dislodged a Boulder: Mothers and Prisoners in the Post Keynesian California Landscape

The unprecedented expansion of US prisons during the final quarter of the twentieth century has produced many contradictions. Prisoners' families, stifled by sclerotic legal channels, are organizing to demand political remedies to the growing use of prisons as catch-all solutions for social problems. One such group, Mothers Reclaiming Our Children, developed in the midst of crisis-riven 1990s Los Angeles. The group has negotiated maternal, race, and class ideologies and practices — effectively tearing down the veil between reproductive and productive labor — in order to elaborate and pursue its political work. The project has not been easy: crisis is internally as well as externally central to the group's formation. In charting the group's development, the article examines, historically and ethnographically, the ways in which organizing is constrained by recognition. It concludes that non-reified recognition is produced when critical renovations of subjectivity, via collective assessments of structures, methods, and purpose, emerge as action in the discursive-material interstices of structure and agency.
Rho-kinase and myosin II affect dynamic neural crest cell behaviors during epithelial to mesenchymal transition in vivo

The induction and migration of neural crest cells (NCCs) are essential to the development of craniofacial structures and the peripheral nervous system. A critical step in the development of NCCs is the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that they undergo in order to initiate migration. Several transcription factors are important for the NCC EMT. However, less is known about the effectors regulating changes in cell adhesion, the cytoskeleton, and cell motility associated with the EMT or about specific changes in the behavior of cells undergoing EMT in vivo. We used time-lapse imaging of NCCs in the zebrafish hindbrain to show that NCCs undergo a stereotypical series of behaviors during EMT. We find that loss of cell adhesion and membrane blebbing precede filopodial extension and the onset of migration. Live imaging of actin dynamics shows that actin localizes differently in blebs and filopodia. Moreover, we find that disruption of myosin II or Rho-kinase (ROCK) activity inhibits NCC blebbing and causes reduced NCC EMT. These data reveal roles for myosin II and ROCK in NCC EMT in vivo, and provide a detailed characterization of NCC behavior during EMT that will form a basis for further mechanistic studies.
Benchmarking travel time estimates

Travel time estimates are widely regarded as the most practical information about traffic conditions available to individual drivers. Although there are numerous data collection and estimation methods in use today, few attempts have been made to evaluate them in a systematic manner. Even more fundamentally, there are no broadly accepted metrics to measure the quality of travel time estimates. The study exposes the methodology and tools employed to conduct a benchmark of travel time estimates in the San Francisco Bay Area. The methodology and the proposed quality measures are intended to set a standard that can be universally applied. Their use is illustrated through a sample data set collected for 24 h on one Bay Area freeway.
Securing the virtual machine images in cloud computing

The convergence of virtualization with Cloud computing has brought many benefits to organizations including ease of deployment, reduced costs and high availability of resources over internet. Extensive research has been carried out to increase the security of Cloud virtualization environment. However, addressing the security concerns of disk images used by virtual machines is still an open challenge. Compromising the disk images can result in loss of data integrity and confidentiality. This paper proposes a novel security scheme "Encrypted Virtual Disk Images in Cloud (EVDIC)" for the protection of stored disk images in Cloud by encryption. EVDIC also includes the security of key management and key exchange process. We integrate EVDIC with OpenStack, which is an open source Cloud platform largely used around the world.
Homeless: How residential instability complicates students' lives

Ronald Hallett examines the challenges of highly mobile students and what educators can do to retain and support them.
Numerical predictions of viscoelastic properties and dynamic moduli of innovative pothole patching materials

As asphalt pavements age and deteriorate, recurring pothole repair failures and propagating alligator cracks in the asphalt pavements have become a serious issue to our daily life and resulted in high repairing costs for pavement and vehicles. To solve this urgent issue, pothole repair materials with superior durability and long service life are needed. In the present work, revolutionary pothole patching materials with high toughness, high fatigue resistance that are reinforced with nano-molecular resins have been developed to enhance their resistance to traffic loads and service life of repaired potholes. In particular, DCPD resin (dicyclopentadiene, C 10 H 12 ) with a Rhuthinium-based catalyst is employed to develop controlled properties that are compatible with aggregates and asphalt binders. In this paper, a multi-level numerical micromechanics-based model is developed to predict the viscoelastic properties and dynamic moduli of these innovative nano-molecular resin reinforced pothole patching materials. Irregular coarse aggregates in the finite element analysis are modeled as randomly-dispersed multi-layers coated particles. The effective properties of asphalt mastic, which consists of fine aggregates, tar, cured DCPD and air voids are theoretically estimated by the homogenization technique of micromechanics in conjunction with the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle. Numerical predictions of homogenized viscoelastic properties and dynamic moduli are demonstrated.
Creation and annihilation of conducting filaments in mesoscopic manganite structures

Anomalous transport properties are observed in mesoscopic (several hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers) structures of manganite ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.65}{({\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.75}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.25})}_{0.35}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$: (i) spontaneous jumps of resistance occur during both the ramping of magnetic field and the relaxation after the field cycle; and (ii) in certain ranges of temperature and magnetic field, steplike negative differential resistance (NDR) emerges in the current vs voltage measurements as the bias voltage reaches critical values. Two elements are responsible for the appearance of these giant sharp resistive steps: (i) a field- and temperature-dependent mixture of ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) and charge-ordered insulating (COI) phases found in this material; (ii) similarity between device dimensions and the size of competing FMM and COI domains. The phenomenology of the observed spontaneous steps is consistent with the filamentary conduction that has been previously observed in these materials with multiphase coexistence. The switching of individual conducting filaments manifests themselves as the discrete resistance steps in the mesoscopic samples while its effect is much less visible in continuous films. A local Joule heating-induced annihilation of conducting filaments is proposed as the underlying mechanism for the NDR.
Interior Design Dissertations, Theses and Creative Projects

Arguably a defining element of graduate education lies in the development of original scholarship manifested through dissertations, theses or creative works contributing to a pool of disciplinary knowledge. As such, graduate-level research and creative scholarship represents a vital source of lifeblood across disciplines. Even a cursory review of the following index of dissertations, theses, and creative work reveals a refreshing range of scholarly inquiry. It is heartening to see the collective body of work produced during the past year and, from an editorial perspective, I encourage these authors to share their findings. Authors should also consider publication opportunities in conference papers, posters, articles, and other print and web-based avenues of scholarly dissemination and through practice and industry avenues. I also am confident these emerging researchers, educators, and designers will continue expanding the limits of our existing knowledge pool as they ask hard questions, test theory, push frontiers, and raise challenges. They are poised to shape the future of interior design.
Regulation of Achievement Goals: The Role of Competence Feedback.

Two studies examined the degree to which pursuit of achievement goals is regulated in response to ongoing competence feedback. In Study 1, conducted in a college classroom, goal pursuit remained largely stable throughout the semester, yet poor exam performance predicted a significant decrease in mastery goal and performance-approach goal pursuit and an increase in performance-avoidance goal pursuit. In Study 2, conducted in a laboratory, negative feedback reduced participants' mastery goal pursuit. In addition, both studies showed unique benefits of 2 goals: The performance-approach goal predicted success on exams (Study 1) and a novel activity (Study 2), and the mastery goal predicted higher interest in both studies. Implications of achievement goal regulation for both theory and research methodology are discussed.
Inactivation of Ca channels

IV. CALCIUM-DEPENDENT INACTIVATION 1. Background and Occurrence 2. Evidence for Ca-Dependence (a) Relation to membrane voltage (b) Relation to Ca 2 ÷ entry and accumulation (c) Inactivation suppressed by injected EGTA (d) Elevation o f Ca i produces inactication (e) Specificity of Ca 2+ relative to Sr 2+, Ba 2+ and H + (f) Sensitivity of the Ca channel to Ca i (g) Inactit*ation at the resting potential 3. Possible Sources o f Artefact and Alternatire Hypotheses (a) Decreased dririny force (b) Development of outward current (c) Intracellular charge screening effects 4. Membrane Voltage Effects on Ca-dependent lnactiration (a) Voltage-dependent activation may counteract Ca-dependent inactivation (b) Boltzmann principle (c) Calcium domains 5. Kinetics o f Ca-dependent Inactit'ation in Molluscan Neurones (a) The two phases o f inactiration (b) The non-inactirating fraction of current (c) Current dependence o f inactivation kinetics (d) Inactivation develops non-linearly with Ca entry and accumulation (e) Tail current kinetics 6. lnactit*ation Modelled as a Ca-mediated Process (a) Voltage-dependent actiration (b) Relationship o f Ca i to lc~ (c) Relationship o f inactiration to Ca i (d) Mathematical model o f the calcium current 7. Computer Simulation o f Inactivation (a) The bi-phasic relaxation (b) The steady-state persistent current (c) Inactivation by prepulse (d) Varied membrane potential (e) Partial current block (f) Increased Ca buffering 8. Remoral of Ca-dependent lnactiration (a) Decay of Ca i with time (b) Decay o f inactivation with time 9. Physiological S(qnificance of Ca-dependent Inactiration (a) Feedback control o f Ca 2 ÷ entry (b) Modulation of Ca i (c) Modulation o f membrane potential (d) Indirect effects on Ca-dependent K current 10. Molecular Mechanisms
Abstract B6: Genotype-selected biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

The CA 19-9 assay is the current best serum/plasma marker for pancreatic cancer and can be an accurate indicator of cancer for many patients. However, it is not effective for patients who harbor germline DNA mutations that result in absent or weakened expression of CA 19-9. These mutations are present in the enzymes that synthesize the CA 19-9 antigen, which is a glycan structure called sialyl-Lewis A. Here we tested the hypothesis that the stratification of patients by specific genotypes and the use of optimized biomarkers for each genotype can yield improved diagnostic performance. We acquired the genotypes of 162 pancreatic cancer and control subjects for five different genes involved in the biosynthesis of the CA 19-9 antigen. The CA 19-9 levels in the blood plasma of these patients were accurately predicted by specific SNPs in the genes fucosyltransferase 2 and fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT2 and FUT3). The patients were subdivided into four groups based on these genotypes, and marker discovery and optimization was performed separately for each group using measurements from dozens of glycan-based markers. The FUT2 homozygous mutant (FUT2-/-) subjects were perfectly diagnosed (100% accurate discrimination of cancer from controls) using CA 19-9 alone, whereas FUT2+/- and FUT2 WT subjects were accurately diagnosed using CA 19-9 in combination with two other markers selected for each group. The FUT3-/- patients were accurately diagnosed using a new biomarker, a particular glycosylation variant of the MUC1 protein. The overall performance of the genotype-selected biomarker panel was 100% sensitivity (93/93 cancer cases correctly detected) and 96% specificity (66/69 controls correct). This performance significantly outperforms CA 19-9 alone (87% sensitivity and 84% specificity) and biomarker panels that do not incorporate genotype selection. Validation experiments using 40 additional unblinded samples and 200 additional blinded samples are underway. Genotype-selected biomarkers show the potential for significantly improving upon conventional biomarker strategies. Citation Format: Huiyuan Tang, Katie Partyka, Kevin Maupin, Randall Brand, Brain Haab. Genotype-selected biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B6.
Flexible N uptake and assimilation mechanisms may assist biological invasion by Alliaria petiolata

Although nitrogen has historically limited terrestrial plant productivity in the northern hemisphere, accelerated industrial activity is changing the availability of N, with consequences for ecosystem properties including altered susceptibility to biological invasion. Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Grande is an increasingly problematic invader in forests of eastern North America. Population growth rate of this species is especially high in N-rich habitats, and it produces a variety of N-based compounds that have been shown to interfere with the growth and reproduction of native plants. To investigate how increases and shifts in forms of N will impact A. petiolata, seedlings were transplanted to the greenhouse from the field and grown in sand culture. We applied three concentrations of N (0.25, 1 and 2 mM) using five different ratios of NH4 + and NO3 − (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100) in a crossed design to yield fifteen different treatments. Plants were measured throughout the growing season and a final harvest yielded measures of biomass and tissue quality. Plant growth increased significantly in response to increased concentration of total N. These increases were similar for all combinations of N. This flexibility in uptake ability may facilitate the invasion of this species, not only by increasing the range of habitats A. petiolata can occupy but also by enhancing N uptake that can lead to the production of secondary compounds disrupting other species’ belowground mutualisms. We suggest that this species’ ability to respond rapidly to changes in N availability, regardless of its form, may modify competitive interactions with natives and intensify its negative impacts.
Ultraviolet Imaging of NGC 3310: A Merger-driven Global Starburst

We present the first far-ultraviolet (FUV; λ ~ 1500 A) image of the nearby peculiar SAB(r)bc galaxy NGC 3310. The small 15'' (945 pc) diameter circumnuclear starburst ring is the most luminous structure, producing 30% of the total observed FUV luminosity. Diffuse emission from the inner disk (20'' < R < 40'') contributes another ~20% of the observed FUV flux. A linear feature (the "arrow") appears to be a star-forming tidal feature. A diffuse arc observed at optical wavelengths (the "bow") is not visible in the FUV and is probably a tidally induced shell composed of older stars. Mean star formation rates range from 0.031 M☉ yr-1 kpc-2 in the arrow to 2.1 M☉ yr-1 kpc-2 at the brightest FUV source. The striking similarity between the R1/4 law behavior of the FUV and B-band surface brightness profiles, combined with the very blue colors of NGC 3310, strongly argues that the present morphology is the result of a global starburst triggered by a merger with a dwarf companion.
Substrate-tuned boson localization in superfluid (4)He films.

We have studied the influence of the substrate on superfluidity in thin $^{4}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$ films. The inert coverage, the amount of nonsuperfluid $^{4}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$ localized by the substrate, is found to scale with the well depth of the $^{4}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{e}$-substrate interaction potential for six different substrates. Although the inert coverages for these substrates differ by more than a factor of 4, the phase boundary in the temperature-coverage plane is found to have a universal shape.