cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intestinal protein dynamics in the stonefly, Pteronarcys californica

Abstract Characteristics of the intestinal proteins of a detritus-eating aquatic insect, Pteronarcys californica were assessed to determine their possible role as a nutrient source during metamorphosis. Total soluble intestinal protein was significantly correlated to larval weitht, averaging 3.9% of dry weight for both males and females. Proteinase activity in the gut was separated into several bands by electrophoresis. Electrophoresis patterns of total intestinal proteins of P. californica larvae of differing instar, sex, and diet were remarkably similar. Larvae incubated with tritium-labelled amino acids produced labelled intestinal proteins. When early instar larvae were removed from label, there was no significant loss of tritium from the intestine after 2 months. Penultimate instars labelled in the same manner however, showed depuration of tritium from the gut according to first order kinetics. This loss was correlated to the 6–8 wk non-feeding stage of metamorphosis, just prior to adult emergence. These results indicate that proteins are accumulated in the intestinal tract of immature P. californica, then are reabsorbed from the gut during metamorphosis.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polyphosphazenes

Theoretical second hyperpolarizabilities for a series of iso-electronic conjugated inorganic systems, including polyphosphazenes, have been evaluated using electronic structure methods. The nonlinear optical properties of these molecules are controlled by the electronegativity difference along the backbone, which may be modulated by the electron donating/accepting properties of the ligands.
Correlation of biaxial yield behavior in copper with crystallographic texture for strains in the range 10−4–10−2

Abstract Tension-torsion yield surfaces in 101 alloy copper tubing measured at effective strains ranging from 10−4 to 10−2 are compared with the predictions from two polycrystalline models: the Bishop-Hill model and a uniform stress lower-bound model. Both models use the crystallite orientation distribution function (CODF) to predict anisotropy in the yield surface. Neither model predicted the yield surface well at an effective strain of 10−4. At strains above 5×10−4 both models predict the observed anisotropy between the axial and shear yield stress well. Overall, the lower-bound model prediction was found to exhibit better agreement with the measured yield surface for strains up to 10−2. Prediction of bulk elastic constants using single crystal compliance values is also discussed. Using the CODF as a weighting factor bulk compliances were predicted to within 4% of the experimental measurements.
Surface thermal fracture of functionally graded ceramic coatings: Effect of architecture and materials

Abstract An analytical study was performed in order to investigate the effect of architecture and material properties on the initiation of surface cracking in functionally graded ceramic coatings. The mode of crack initiation considered was tension resulting from stress relaxation. The thermal stress distributions were calculated using a multilayer beam theory. The results obtained showed that the functional grading of the coating, as well as decreasing its thermal expansion coefficient and modulus of elasticity, decreases the transient surface stresses during cooling after stress relaxation. Changing the thermal expansion coefficient and modulus of elasticity of the substrate has a small effect on the surface stresses.
Late coronary stent thrombosis: Early vs. late stent thrombosis in the stent era

The incidence of coronary stent thrombosis is < 1%-2% in recent studies, with the highest-risk period considered to be the first 30 days following stent implantation. Recently, stent thrombosis after 30 days has been reported in patients undergoing brachytherapy with stenting. We reviewed the incidence of stent thrombosis causing myocardial infarction in nonbrachytherapy patients at our institution between 1 January 1996 and 30 November 1999. A case control methodology was employed with a 1:3 ratio of stent thrombosis to control patients. Of 1,191 patients undergoing coronary stenting, acute (< 24 hr) plus subacute (1-30 days) stent thrombosis occurred in 0.92% (11 of 1,191 patients). A further 0.76% (9 of 1,191 patients) developed late stent thrombosis after 30 days. There were no clinical or angiographic features at the time of the initial procedure that were associated with stent thrombosis as an entire group compared with control group, but early (acute and subacute) stent thrombosis patients had a smaller final stent minimal lumen diameter and longer stent length compared with patients who had late stent thrombosis or controls. Late stent thrombosis occurs in nonbrachytherapy patients and is almost as frequent as early stent thrombosis. Further studies are required to determine whether longer-term poststent pharmacological treatment may decrease or prevent this complication.
Renal transplant incision closure using new absorbable subcuticular staple device

Closure of skin incisions has received scant attention in the transplant literature. Yet, wound healing can be an important source of morbidity after transplantation. Recently, a novel form of skin closure utilizing absorbable subcuticular staples has become available. It was used in 26 live-related and deceased donor kidney transplant recipients. A large (no. 1) continuous absorbable suture with wide, sweeping bites was first used to attach the subcutaneous tissue to the fascia, thus removing all stress from the skin edges. There was a single minor wound separation in one patient in follow-up ranging from one month to one yr. Cosmetic result and patient comfort were superior. Subcuticular closure can give similar results, but is more time consuming. The limited literature on this product is industry sponsored and refers to animal experience and to diverse surgical procedures; the reports are similar to our own experience. Skin staples are left in for prolonged periods in transplantation because of concerns about wound healing. This may contribute to wound discomfort and serous oozing as well as requiring an additional encounter for removal of staples. Although this experience is early and limited, we conclude that absorbable subcuticular staples are secure and effective and are preferable to metal staple closures even in renal transplant recipients receiving steroids and sirolimus.
Infrared and Raman spectra of fluorinated ethanes: Part XVI. CF2BrCCl2Br

Abstract The infrared absorption spectrum of gaseous CF 2 BrCCl 2 Br at room temperatures has been obtained in the region 300–3500 cm −1 with a Perkin-Elmer double-pass spectrometer equipped with CsBr, NaCl, and LiF prisms. In addition, the infrared spectrum of the solid was recorded at 30° and −170°C, and certain spectral regions were studied with the sample dissolved in polar and nonpolar solvents. The Raman spectrum of the liquid at 55°C was photographed with a 3-prism glass spectrograph. The compound exists as a mixture of rotational isomers in all three states of aggregation. An attempt has been made to assign fundamentals, but sufficient data could not be obtained to differentiate between the fundamentals of the two rotational isomers.
Sense of community as construct and theory: authors' response to McMillan

In this article, we respond to criticisms posed by McMillan (2011) of our recent paper, “Viewing Community as Responsibility as well as a Resource: Deconstructing the Theoretical Roots of Psychological Sense of Community.” We clarify that the focus of our article was to explore the macro theoretical frameworks and second-order assumptions that have guided the measurement and study of the psychological sense of community (PSOC) construct to date. We then correct McMillan's mischaracterization of our work as a normative theory by clarifying that our thesis was not that PSOC is a value – but rather that (a) people have values and belief systems, and (b) these belief systems may interact with aspects of a community context to evoke a sense of responsibility for a community to which one belongs. We conclude by reviewing key areas of shared agreement concerning responsibility aspects of PSOC that may serve as a foundation for guiding future research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of Abnormal Vitamin D Levels Among Division I NCAA Athletes

Background:Up to 1 billion people have insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels. Despite the well-documented, widespread prevalence of low vitamin D levels and the importance of vitamin D for athletes, there is a paucity of research investigating the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in athletes.Hypothesis:We investigated the prevalence of abnormal vitamin D levels in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college athletes at a single institution. We hypothesized that vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent among our cohort.Study Design:Cohort study.Level of Evidence:Level 1.Methods:We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of 223 NCAA Division I athletes between June 2012 and August 2012. The prevalence of normal (≥32 ng/mL), insufficient (20 to <32 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL) vitamin D levels was determined. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze risk factors for abnormal vitamin D levels.Results:The mean serum 25(OH)D level for the 223 members of this study w...
Validation and Verification of Future Integrated Safety-Critical Systems Operating under Off-Nominal Conditions

Loss of control remains one of the largest contributors to aircraft fatal accidents worldwide. Aircraft loss-of-control accidents are highly complex in that they can result from numerous causal and contributing factors acting alone or (more often) in combination. Hence, there is no single intervention strategy to prevent these accidents and reducing them will require a holistic integrated intervention capability. Future onboard integrated system technologies developed for preventing loss of vehicle control accidents must be able to assure safe operation under the associated off-nominal conditions. The transition of these technologies into the commercial fleet will require their extensive validation and verification (V and V) and ultimate certification. The V and V of complex integrated systems poses major nontrivial technical challenges particularly for safety-critical operation under highly off-nominal conditions associated with aircraft loss-of-control events. This paper summarizes the V and V problem and presents a proposed process that could be applied to complex integrated safety-critical systems developed for preventing aircraft loss-of-control accidents. A summary of recent research accomplishments in this effort is also provided.
Eclipse of the Professoriate Fat Rabbits Are We

Frank Donoghue focuses on the fate of "the professor/' excluding academics depending primarily on funded research and consul tancy. Employing an array of critical works, reports, and studies (some by sociologists such as Steven Brint and Stanley Aronowitz), he analyzes trends in American higher edu cation and speculates about its future. In his view, the polarized educational world of which Dewey warned has arrived with a vengeance and is destined to become more extreme and impervious to egalitarian change. Donoghue holds that broadsides by turn of the twentieth-century industrialists and social critics provided a "template" for today's debates over higher education. Andrew Carnegie, Richard Teller Crane, Clarence Birdseye, and other supporters of big business, he argues, saw liberal arts education to be a wasteful distraction from
Web-based Display And Downloading of Geophysical Data

Summary Three-dimensional modeling data are useful for validating 3-D processing algorithms (e.g. migration, velocity analysis, multiple suppression, etc.), understanding wave propagation in a complex 3-D medium, choosing proper acquisition parameters, and testing various data compression and transmission techniques. The availability of 3-D modeling data online would be a great advantage to both the oil industry and academia. The well-known SEG/EAGE 3-D numerical modeling data sets used to be accessible from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) via the World Wide Web (1). The Allied Geophysical Laboratories (AGL), University of Houston, is considering providing similar services. This project aims at exploring approaches to data uploading, extraction, and transmission. The 83GB Vertical Cable Data Set, acquired over the AGL physical model version of the SEG/EAGE Salt Model, serves as the prototype test data using a series of dynamic interactive web pages that allow users to download data subsets by shot, by shotline, or by swath. The data can be organized as shot-gathers or receiver-gathers upon users’ requests.
The Microbiology Bench Companion.

Diagnostic testing for infectious diseases is an increasingly complex area of laboratory medicine. The microbial community continues to evolve and adapt to changing environmental influences, and the distribution of human pathogens has become more global. Our recognition of the spectrum of microorganisms that cause invasive human disease has exploded with the use of culture-independent methods to detect and characterize pathogens. Clinicians, epidemiologists, and public health officials can benefit from consultative interactions with laboratory professionals to assist with optimizing diagnostic test options and interpretation of test results. For technologists without access to board-certified laboratory professionals who can guide the work-up of infectious agents in a microbiology laboratory, a concise guide can be extremely beneficial. In this handbook, J. Michael Miller, a highly experienced clinical microbiologist, distills a great deal of information into 120 pages, largely formatted as tables and flowcharts. Molecular methods for detecting or identifying microorganisms are notably absent, which may reflect the author’s intent to address readers who perform conventional diagnostic tests only. The handbook is divided into 3 sections. Section 1 focuses on routine laboratory bench algorithms for identifying bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Although most of this information can be found in clinical microbiology textbooks, the flowcharts are an easy reference, especially for medical technologists. Section 2 is entirely formatted with tables listing clinical syndromes (e.g., cellulitis, pneumonia, gastroenteritis) and their possible infectious causes. The lists of etiologic agents are extensive, yet practical, and would be of most benefit to infection control practitioners, nurses, and laboratory technologists. Section 3 is devoted to therapeutic choices for various microorganisms and is intended to inform laboratorians of treatment options; it is not a guide for therapeutic decision-making by clinicians. Although certain taxonomic classifications and susceptibility guidelines do not reflect the current standard, most information, such as annotated remarks for pathogens classified as select agents, is timely. The author valiantly furnishes us with pearls and nuances of clinical microbiology in this clear and concisely written handbook. The task was Herculean. As the author aptly notes in the introduction, no handbook can capture every parameter or indication for identification of all clinically relevant microorganisms and describe these microorganisms in public health or patient-centered contexts. Overall, the author delivers a wealth of information that can benefit technologists and healthcare practitioners in regions with limited access to professionals who specialize in clinical microbiology or infectious diseases.
Mechanism of Ethyl Palmitate and Cobra Venom Factor Enhancement of Heterologous Erythrocyte Survival

SummaryIn this study the blood survival and organ localization in rats of intravenously injected 51Cr-labeled human erythrocytes was determined in controls and following pretreatment with ethyl palmitate, a cobra venom factor, or both. Organ distribution of labeled cells was consistent with a reticuloendothelial blockade effect for the ethyl palmitate and inhibition of hemolysis for the cobra venom factor. Erythrocyte survival was enhanced only moderately following the injection of either of these substances alone. The combined administration of ethyl palmitate and the cobra venom factor, however, resulted in marked prolongation of human erythrocyte survival consistent with a synergistic effect. This suggests that in the untreated animal, both complement-dependent hemolysis and reticuloendothelial phagocytosis compete for the removal of circulating heterologous erythrocytes. Both must be blocked simultaneously for maximum heterologous erythrocyte survival.
Coil requirements for control plasma shape and divertor flux surfaces in the compact ignition tokamak (CIT)

Coil-position optimization studies were made to determine the desirable locations for coils which can compensate for selected plasma operational disturbances in the Compact Ignition Tokamak (CIT). Control of heat deposition on diverter plates will be dependent on the ability of the coils to respond, for example, the changes in plasma current profiles, in a manner which controls the flux surfaces in the vicinity of the X-point or separatrix. In addition, it may be desirable to use the control coils to continuously oscillate the flux surfaces as they intersect the diverter plates to help distribute the heat load. Results of studies are presented showing the relative effectiveness of different coil locations for these functions. The need for coils internal to the toroidal-field coil system is demonstrated. Contour plots are given that map the region around the X-point in a general way which allows the impact of changing location to be evaluated to estimate changes in coil current requirements and facilitate trade studies. >
Vaginal mesh colpopexy for the treatment of concomitant full thickness rectal and pelvic organ prolapse: a case series.

Abstract Objective To present our case series of concomitant rectal and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) treated with vaginal colpopexy with synthetic mesh. Study design Charts of patients with full thickness rectal prolapse and POP were reviewed for presenting symptoms, physical examination with POP-Q including rectal prolapse evaluation, and perioperative complications and outcomes. Results Four patients aged 63–78 were identified with full thickness rectal prolapse and POP. All of them had symptoms related to both conditions. Rectal prolapse protrusion ranged from 2 cm to 3 cm outside the anus. All patients had vaginal mesh colpopexy; two of them with anterior and posterior vaginal mesh and 2 with posterior mesh only. At a follow-up of 6–44 months, all patients had resolution of both POP and rectal prolapse signs and symptoms. Conclusion Vaginal colpopexy with mesh may be a unique treatment to address both POP and full thickness rectal prolapse in selected patients. Further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of this method.
Application of the Trail Making Test in Differentiating Neuropsychological Impairment of Elderly Persons

This study investigated differences in Trail Making Test performance as a function of over-all level of neuropsychological impairment in a sample of elderly patients diagnosed as having various dementing diseases. Patients were classified as mildly, moderately, or severely impaired (ns = 19, 25, 26) based on the seven measures used to compute the Impairment Index of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. The mean ages for the mildly, moderately, and severely impaired groups were 67.72, 71.56, and 71.16 yr., respectively. Using level of impairment as the grouping variable, subjects were compared on the mean number of seconds required to complete Trail Making Test A, B, and A + B. Three one-way analyses of variance indicated significant differences for Parts A, B, and A + B. As over-all level of impairment increased, time required to complete the Trail Making Test increased. Results are discussed and directions for further research are recommended.
Socioeconomic background and racial earnings inequality: A propensity score analysis

Abstract Does a racial earnings gap exist among individuals who come from similar childhood socioeconomic backgrounds? Is the racial earnings gap larger or smaller for those from higher or lower socioeconomic origins? This research addresses these questions by taking a counterfactual approach to estimating the residual racial pay gap between non-Hispanic black and white men from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The findings indicate that the racial earnings gap is larger among those from lower-middle class and working class childhood backgrounds than among those from upper-middle class backgrounds, for whom the racial pay gap is indistinguishable from zero. Compared to their more advantaged counterparts, black men from lower-middle and working class backgrounds have more difficulty rising above their socioeconomic origins relative to white men from similar social class backgrounds. Racial earnings equality among those from upper-middle class backgrounds suggests that the high levels of racial inequality often observed among those with college and professional degrees may in fact reflect heterogeneous childhood socioeconomic backgrounds among the college educated—backgrounds that continue to have an effect on earnings despite individual academic achievements.
Applicability of marketing concepts and management activities in the Third World: An empirical investigation

Abstract Despite the increased literature attention on marketing in the Third World, debate persists as to the applicability of marketing know-how in Third World countries. To help shed light on the debate, this article investigates the perceived usefulness of marketing concepts, and the incidence and regularity of performance of marketing management activities in Third-World corporate contexts. The results indicate that not only are marketing concepts perceived as useful but also the incidence and regularity of performance of marketing-management activities is high—thus implying the “applicability” of marketing know-how. The results, however, suggest that corporate and country factors influence the applicability ofmarketing know-how.
Challenges of epidemiology in the 21st century: comments from the leaders of several epidemiology associations

At the 2002 American Public Health Association Meeting, leaders of 12 epidemiology associations discussed the future challenges and epidemiology in the 21st century. A summary of the identified research-related, ethics, advocacy, training, and professional organization challenges is presented. Increased communication between all epidemiologists--regardless of specialty--is an excellent first step toward developing strategies to meet these challenges.
The QA4 language applied to robot planning

This paper introduces an implemented version of a problem-solving language called QA4 (Question Answerer 4) and illustrates the application of that language to some simple robot problems. This application is especially appropriate, because the QA4 language has features that are recognized as useful for problemsolving programs; these features include built-in backtracking, parallel processing, pattern matching, and set manipulation. Expressions are put into a canonical form and stored uniquely, so that they can have property lists. A context mechanism is provided, so that the same expression can be given different properties in different contexts. The QA4 interpreter is implemented in LISP and can interface with LISP programs. The language is especially intended to be useful for research leading to program verification, modification, and synthesis, to semantically oriented theorem proving, and to various forms of robot planning.
SU‐GG‐J‐26: Comparison of Intrafractional Motion between Supine and Prone Patient Positions during Radiation Therapy of Pelvic Malignancies Using a 3D Surface Imaging System

Purpose: To compare intrafractional motion between supine and prone positions during radiation therapy of pelvic malignancies using a 3D surface imaging system. Method and Materials: Five patients with pelvic malignanciestreated with radiation therapy were enrolled, three treated in supine and two in prone position. For each patient, both supine and prone position simulation CTs were performed. Body surfaces were generated from simulation CT and then exported to AlignRT as reference images.AlignRT motion tracking was performed for both supine and prone position for each patient once per week for five weeks. The length of the tracking record was between 1.5 to 2 minutes. The maximum and the standard deviation of patient displacement were calculated and compared along the vertical, longitudinal and lateral directions for both positions. Results: A fairly strong correlation was observed between the intrafractional displacement and the BMI. Generally, the displacements were smaller in prone position for patients with a normal BMI in both vertical and longitudinal directions. This is reasonable as the magnitude of the respiratory induced motion is compressed to be smaller in prone position. This phenomenon was reversed for the obese patient with a large BMI value of 30, where the intrafractional displacement was smaller in supine position. For obese patients, it is more difficult to hold still on their large belly with regular respiratory motion. In lateral direction, however, the intrafractional motion did not have statistically difference between supine and prone positions for all the patients. Conclusion: The intrafractional motion between supine and prone position during radiation therapy of pelvic malignancies depends on patient's BMI. Normal BMI patients have a smaller intrafractional motion in prone position in vertical and longitudinal directions, while obese patients have a smaller motion in supine position.
The importance of tight glycemic control

Macrovascular complications of diabetes are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes and may begin well before diabetes is diagnosed. The precise mechanism of how postprandial hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is not fully known but may be a result of direct effects on the vasculature. Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that increased glycemic exposure, especially postchallenge or postprandial hyperglycemia, is an independent risk factor for macrovascular disease with no apparent upper or lower threshold. Evidence is emerging that this association is also present in the prediabetic and nondiabetic states. In fact, therapies targeting postprandial hyperglycemia have shown reductions in cardiovascular events in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Meal-related self-monitoring of blood glucose can inform patients and their healthcare providers about postprandial glycemic excursions so that diet, exercise, or medications can be adjusted.
INVESTIGATION OF TIME-RATED DEFECT FORMATION, INFRARED ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE- WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES WET- PROCESSED IN PHOSPHORIC ACID

Time-dependent wet-processing of HiPCo nanotubes in ~ 0.5 M phosphoric acid and its effect on the structural, transport, infrared light absorption and photoconduction characteristics have been studied. Nanotubes were treated for nominal time intervals of 1, 2 and 3 h. The treatment is found to be a two-step process that initially results in the removal/partial replacement of most pre-existing C-O, O–H and CHx groups with phosphorous oxy and carbonyl groups. According to T-dependent current–voltage measurements, the differential conductance, G of nanotube network varies with temperature as ~ Ta, with a exhibiting a slight increase as a result of the treatment, attributed to a slight increase in disorder and not doping effects. The nanotubes processed for three hours also show an order of magnitude improvement in photoconduction response time compared to that of untreated tubes, with growth/decay characteristic time constants approaching a sub-second range.
The Demands On The a-Si FET As A Pixel Switch For Liquid Crystal Displays

The matrix-addressed liquid crystal display (LCD) has attracted considerable attention in the past few years as an alternative to the cathode ray tube (CRT). This type of display has been demonstrated to have stable performance over a long life as well as the attractive features of small volume, light weight, low power, good brightness and full color. Amor-phous silicon (a-Si) is currently the preferred material for switch devices and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)is the preferred deposition technology since the process can be carried out at low temperature, yields material with a low density of defect states and affords good step coverage. The electrical requirements for an a-Si field effect transistor (FET) used as a pixel switch for a LCD include switching time, on current and off current. These parameters depend on the instrinsic characteristics of the amorphous materi-als used, the overall display structure and the device geometry. Present and potential material and geometry limitations will be discussed for different display systems of current interest.
Demographic Predictors of Media Use Among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers

A great deal of research during the past four decades has explored the effects of media use on children, but remarkably little work has explored the factors that determine how much time a child spends interacting with various media. This article does so with a focus on very young children, ages 6 months to 6 years, and on demographic predictors of media use. Using data from a large-scale national survey sponsored by the Kaiser Family Foundation, the authors conducted multiple regressions predicting time spent watching television, watching videos/DVDs, reading, playing video games, and using computers. Child's age, race, parents' education, and parents' marital status had significant effects across most types of media use, whereas child's gender, birth order, languages spoken at home, parents' employment status, and parents' age had only occasional, isolated effects. Family income had no impact at all. Findings suggest various intriguing hypotheses about the processes that might explain the relations observed, thereby setting the stage for future research testing these possibilities.
A Repetitive Branch-and-Bound Procedure for Minimum Within-Cluster Sums of Squares Partitioning

Minimization of the within-cluster sums of squares (WCSS) is one of the most important optimization criteria in cluster analysis. Although cluster analysis modules in commercial software packages typically use heuristic methods for this criterion, optimal approaches can be computationally feasible for problems of modest size. This paper presents a new branch-and-bound algorithm for minimizing WCSS. Algorithmic enhancements include an effective reordering of objects and a repetitive solution approach that precludes the need for splitting the data set, while maintaining strong bounds throughout the solution process. The new algorithm provided optimal solutions for problems with up to 240 objects and eight well-separated clusters. Poorly separated problems with no inherent cluster structure were optimally solved for up to 60 objects and six clusters. The repetitive branch-and-bound algorithm was also successfully applied to three empirical data sets from the classification literature.
Cell cycle parameters in human solid tumors

Tumor cell kinetic parameters were studied in eight patients with solid tumors following intravenous (i.v.) [3H] thymidine injection, 0.2 mCi/kg. The studies were performed to determine the variability in labeling index (LI) within and among lesions from the same patient, among lesions from different patients with the same disease, and to determine the variation in cell cycle kinetic parameters from lesion to lesion in the same patient. The variation in LI and percent labeled mitosis (PLM) was determined from multiple biopsy or aspirate specimens obtained at intervals following administration of [3H] thymidine. In 11 separate tumor lesions the intralesional LI varied from 20% to 405% with a mean variation of 97%. The intralesional LI of nine of the 11 lesions varied by less than 100%. In four patients multiple LI were determined from each of several lesions. The mean LI from lesion to lesion varied from 10% to 276%. In three of the four patients the variation was ≪34%. These data suggest that there may be less interlesional than intralesional variation when mean LI are compared and that three to five samples per lesion may provide representative LI in patients with solid tumors. In two patients, one with carcinoma of the breast and one with carcinoma of the lung, PLM curves were obtained by sampling two and three lesions, respectively. The results from both patients indicate little interlesional heterogeneity in cell cycle distribution. For the patient with lung cancer the Ts and TG2+M were estimated to be 16.5 and 7.5 hours, respectively. For the patient with breast cancer the Ts and TG2+M were estimated to be 18 and and 10 hours, respectively. For both patients the Tc was estimated to be >100 hours. These data have been compared to existing cell kinetic data in lung and breast cancer.
Bayley Behavior Rating Scale (BRS) at 18 months in a Population of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Bayley Behavior Rating Scale (BRS) at 18 months in a Population of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Capital and labor, Past and present, in the context of Piketty’s Capital

In the nineteenth century, political economists often viewed capital as working against the interests of labor, partly because capital and labor were viewed as substitutes and partly because the interests of the owners of capital often worked against the working class. That changed in the twentieth century as the marginal product theory of wages and human capital theory depicted capital growth as beneficial to labor. In the twenty-first century, Piketty (2014) depicts capital as working against the interests of labor, in much the same way as nineteenth century scholars did. A critical analysis of Piketty’s framework based on capital theory from Hayek and later Austrian school economists indicates that Piketty has oversimplified the nature of capital and the way that income is derived from capital. A more accurate representation of the nature of capital undermines the major policy conclusions Piketty has drawn, and demonstrates that market-based profits from capital are beneficial to everyone, regardless of whether most of their incomes come from capital or labor. However, another recent strand of literature that links the interests of capital with the political elite, enabling cronyism that benefits capital at the expense of labor, has a more solid foundation. Market processes produce a commonality of capital and labor interests whereas political processes do not. Capital and Labor, Past and Present, in the Context of Piketty’s Capital
Promoting Pre-Conceptional Use of Folic Acid to Hispanic Women: A Social Marketing Approach

Objective: To develop a culturally appropriate communication initiative in an effort to promote the use of pre-conceptional folic acid among Hispanic women of childbearing age. The materials were designed to communicate information about the risks of neural tube defects and the value of folic acid supplementation before conception. Methods: The initiative was developed using a social marketing approach. A series of focus groups were conducted with Hispanic women, particularly Mexican and Mexican-American women, to gain an understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding birth defects and folic acid. Additionally focus groups assessed women's preferences for existing folic acid education materials. Qualitative analysis of coded transcripts revealed key themes which were incorporated into a multi-media initiative. Results: Critical themes of the research highlighted the need to include the role of partners and a sense of family in the promotions aimed at these groups. Another key component was the need to dispel myths which act as barriers to pre-conceptional folic acid use. Other important elements included in the media products were the need for Spanish and English versions, an explanation of neural tube defects, and a reference to the cost of the supplements. Conclusion: The final products of the initiative included Spanish and English versions of a brochure, photo-novella, and radio public service announcement. Pre-testing results showed women understood the message, thought the message was for women like them, and expected to begin taking a folic acid supplement. Results of the overall evaluation of the initiative are on-going.
Thermodynamic parameters for the reaction of 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene with 4-nitrophenylnitromethane in several aprotic solvents

Equilibrium constants K for reaction of the C-acid, 4-nitro/phenylnitromethane with 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene have been determined in aprotic solvents over a range of temperature. Corresponding measurements have been made for the deuterated acid 4-NPNM-d2. Thermodynamic parameters K, ΔHo and ΔSo, for proton and for deuteron transfers are not very differet in a given solvent, but show a considerable solvent dependence. There is an increase in magnitude of K with increase in solvent dielectric constant, a finding which is consistent with formation of an ion-pair. The range of extent of exothermicity of the reaction is quite small, −40 to-65 kJ-mol−1, and the values of ΔSo (large, negative) indicate, in general, increasing solvent restriction by the product with increasing solvent polarity. A modest bathochromic solvatochromism of the product is observed as the dielectric constant increases.
Comparative life histories of three species of planktonic calanoid copepods in Dabob Bay, Washington

The life history patterns of Calanus marshallae Frost, C. pacificus Brodsky, and Metridia lucens Boeck were determined in Dabob Bay, Washington, USA, during 1973 and October 1981–September 1982. C. marshallae emerged from diapause and moulted to adults in January–February. One major generation was observed, having been produced mainly during early to mid-March. Most surviving individuals spawned in March, arrested development at the C5 stage, and were in diapause by late May. However, some individuals developed to adults by late April and produced a very minor second generation. C. pacificus emerged from diapause and moulted to adults in February–March. The first generation produced during the spring lagged slightly behind the C. marshallae generation. C. pacificus produced two additional generations, one in late spring and one in the fall. The production of the three generations coincided with or closely followed phytoplankton blooms. Some C. pacificus arrested development at the C5 stage and entered diapause during the summer, but the majority of the population did not do so until fall. M. lucens did not appear to enter a diapause state. The fall and winter population was chiefly adult females which mostly remained at depth and were reproductively immature. Nevertheless, naupliar M. lucens were found on all sampling dates, indicating that reproduction never ceased as it did for the two Calanus species. M. lucens produced generations in late winter/early spring, late spring, and late summer/early fall. Interspecific comparisons between the life histories observed in Dabob Bay and intraspecific comparisons between the life histories in Dabob Bay and other locations are made. The advantages or disadvantages conferred to the copepods by their differing life histories are also discussed.
Fabrication and modeling of bismuth titanate-PZT ceramic transducers for high temperature applications

Utilization of a spray-on deposition technique of ferroelectric bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) composites has a competitive advantage to standard ultrasonic transducers is conforms to non-Euclidean geometries and operates at high temperature (Curie-Weiss temperature 685 °C) and is mechanically coupled to the substrate. However, an issue with many high temperature transducers such as bismuth-titanate ceramics is that they have relatively low d33 (about 12-14 pC/F in Bi4Ti3O12 versus 650 pC/F in PZT-5H). It is common conception that high-temperature capability comes at the cost of electromechanical coupling. It will be shown that the high temperature capability of bismuth-titanate-PZT composite transducers using the spray-on deposition technique previously developed, improves the electro-mechanical coupling while maintaining the high temperature performance and mechanical coupling. This material could provide advantages in harsh environments where high signal to noise ratios are needed.
Scalability limitations when running a Java web server on a chip multiprocessor

In this paper, we consider scalability problems for a Java-based Web server running on a CMP (chip multiprocessor). We found that the performance of the Web server scaled poorly as the number of threads increased, even though the CPUs were not fully utilized. Searching for the causes of this scalability problem, we found that the normal use of the Web server was a poor fit to the object lifetimes a JVM expects. A relatively small fraction of objects that were long-lived but not permanent resulted in frequent scans of all of the live objects. They increased not only the load on the CMP but also the number of Web responses that failed to meet the response time criteria for the server. In addition, we found that the performance of the GC scaled poorly as the number of parallel GC threads increased in the CMP. The long-lived objects tax the CMP, and this is emerging as a general problem for CMPs running Java-based Web servers. To address the problem, we used object pooling for these classes to recycle the instances rather than cycling the memory through the GC. We achieved a 48% improvement in the scalability with this object pooling. We also improved the throughput by 9% by using object pooling for large short-lived objects, even though object pooling is not recommended for use in modern JVMs. We show which data classes affect the GC overheads based on the detailed analysis of object lifetimes. We also show that thread affinity is important for the object pools of these classes.
Glycosylation of Nucleocytoplasmic Proteins: Signal Transduction and O-GlcNAc

The dynamic glycosylation of serine or threonine residues on nuclear and cytosolic proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is abundant in all multicellular eukaryotes. On several proteins, O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate alternatively occupy the same or adjacent sites, leading to the hypothesis that one function of this saccharide is to transiently block phosphorylation. The diversity of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc implies its importance in many basic cellular and disease processes. Here we systematically examine the current data implicating O-GlcNAc as a regulatory modification important to signal transduction cascades.
Monocular deprivation affects X- and Y-cell retinogeniculate terminations in cats.

The X- and Y-cell pathways in cats form two functionally distinct, parallel systems from the retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to the visual cortex1–4. We recently used the technique of intraaxonal injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to demonstrate major differences between X- and Y-cells in their retinogeniculate termination patterns5 (compare Figs 1a and 2a). Normally, axons of X-cells innervate geniculate lamina A or A1 (depending on the eye of origin) in narrow zones oriented perpendicular to the lamination. Some X-cells also terminate sparsely (that is, with few boutons) in the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN), a subdivision of the LGN. Y-cell axons terminate either in laminae C and A (from the contralateral retina) or in lamina A1 (from the ipsilateral retina) in broad zones5,6, and most also terminate densely (with many boutons) in the MIN. We now report that cats raised with monocular lid suture develop abnormal retinogeniculate termination patterns. Many X-cell axons arising from the deprived eye have unusually broad terminal fields in lamina A or A1, and some also densely innervate the MIN. Many Y-cell axons from the deprived eye have dramatically shrunken or absent terminal fields in the A laminae and MIN. These changes constitute the most peripheral effects of monocular deprivation discovered so far, are consistent with previous reports of functional abnormalities among deprived geniculate neurones4,7,8 and suggest possible mechanisms by which the visual environment influences neuronal development.
A complex finite calculus

We explore a complex extension of finite calculus on the integer lattice of the complex plane. fVZTiU!C satisfies the discretized Cauchy‐Riemann equations at z if Re. f.zC 1/ f.z//D Im. f.zC i/ f.z// and Re. f.zC i/ f.z//D Im. f.zC 1/ f.z//. From this principle arise notions of the discrete path integral, Cauchy’s theorem, the exponential function, discrete analyticity, and falling power series.
Parent, teacher, and school factors associated with over-the-counter drug use among multiracial youth

Background Over-the-counter (OTC) drug use is an increasing health issue among adolescents. Purpose This study investigated OTC drug use among 7th through 12th grade multiracial students in one met...
OCLANG: A ReMARCable Program

The University of Wyoming Law Library had a problem. We had a five‐year‐old database of our collection, maintained on the university's Cyber mainframe computer. A technician entered data manually into this database we call SIR. We also had a card print program on the Cyber, which used the same manually input file to print out author and title cards. At the same time, we were cataloging our holdings on OCLC, adding local classification numbers and subject headings to each record, although we did not use most of the information on the MARC record.
Electron Inventory, Kinetic Assignment (En), Structure, and Bonding of Nitrogenase Turnover Intermediates with C2H2 and CO

Improved 1H ENDOR data from the SEPR1 intermediate formed during turnover of the nitrogenase α-195Gln MoFe protein with C21,2H2 in 1,2H2O buffers, taken in context with the recent study of the intermediate formed from propargyl alcohol, indicate that SEPR1 is a product complex, likely with C2H4 bound as a ferracycle to a single Fe of the FeMo-cofactor active site. 35 GHz CW and Mims pulsed 57Fe ENDOR of 57Fe-enriched SEPR1 cofactor indicates that it exhibits the same valencies as those of the CO-bound cofactor of the lo-CO intermediate formed during turnover with CO, [Mo4+, Fe3+, Fe62+, S92-(d43)]+1, reduced by m = 2 electrons relative to the resting-state cofactor. Consideration of 57Fe hyperfine coupling in SEPR1 and lo-CO leads to a picture in which CO bridges two Fe of lo-CO, while the C2H4 of SEPR1 binds to one of these. To correlate these and other intermediates with Lowe−Thorneley (LT) kinetic schemes for substrate reduction, we introduce the concept of an “electron inventory”. It partitions the nu...
Electronic device for the blind

Electronic devices are a help for the blind. Some electronic devices push video signals directly to the brain but the device presented in this paper uses a sensitive and ready sensorial system: the auditory system. This article presents a low cost electronic device that enables the blind to distinguish the color and distance of objects. The project was first published in the UK and that system with the intensity of musical notes proportional to the brightness has proven to be annoying as the musical notes sound uninterrupted. In order to solve this problem, a new system for brightness perception was designed so a brief musical note is sounded when the sensor detects an increase of brightness and another brief musical note, one octave below, is sounded when the sensor detects a decrease in brightness.