cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Sources of Consumer Worry in Service Settings: A Critical Incident Study

This study examines consumer worry prior to a service experience. The authors introduce a model of consumer worry with three sequential pieces: sources of worry (e.g., risk), components (or dimensions) of worry, and consequences (e.g., action tendancies) of worry. Analyzing data using the critical incident technique with a content analysis, the authors find that perceived risk, especially social risk, is the primary source of consumer worry. A major contribution of this research is that the authors show the multi-dimensional nature of consumer worry (i.e., cognitive, emotional, and physioloical dimensions). By understanding consumer worry, service providers can be better prepared to take the appropriate actions to minimize relevant perceived risks and the accompanying worries associated with this. Further, this model of consumer worry should be useful to the field as this concept and its sources, consequences, and moderators are studied.
Metabolic alterations after dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in Zucker rats

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a known noncompetitive inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In the present investigation, the effects of chronic DHEA treatment on G6PD and several other enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were examined in lean and obese Zucker rats. Significant decreases in body weight were found in DHEA-treated rats in comparison with nontreated rats. In lean rats, DHEA treatment did not decrease either liver or adipose tissue G6PD and fatty acid synthetase activity, but malic enzyme activity was increased. In obese rats, decreased liver and adipose tissue G6PD and fatty acid synthetase activities were found. Malic enzyme activity in liver of obese DHEA rats was increased but not in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was decreased in both lean and obese DHEA rats. Serum insulin in obese DHEA rats was also decreased compared with control obese rats. These results indicate that the inhibition of G6PD may not be the mechanism of action of the antiobesity effect of DHEA. However, the metabolic effects of DHEA seen in obese rats may contribute to its antiobesity action.
Detection of bacterial signal by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction in expressed prostatic secretions predicts response to antibiotic therapy in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Purpose Some men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) have evidence of bacteria in their prostatic fluid (expressed prostatic secretions [EPS]) detected by 16S rRNA techniques. In this study, we correlate presence of bacterial signal with response to therapy. Materials and methods EPS and first voided urine (VB1) from 47 men with CPPS were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bacterial signal using universal primers specific for bacterial 16S rRNA. Signal was considered positive if found only in the EPS sample, or if at least 10x stronger in the EPS than in VB1. All patients were treated with antibiotic therapy. Results Thirty-three patients were category IIIa (nonbacterial prostatitis) and 14 were category IIIb (prostatodynia). Seventeen of the 33 category IIIa patients had positive localizing cultures for gram-positive bacteria. However, a positive bacterial signal was detected in 23 EPS samples by 16S rRNA PCR. This signal was found in 14 of 17 culture-positive patients, 7 of 16 of the remaining category IIIa patients, and 2 of 14 of category IIIb patients. No patient with negative bacterial signal improved with antibiotic therapy (negative predictive value 100%). Thirteen patients with positive bacterial signal improved with antibiotic therapy. Conclusions In men with category III chronic prostatitis/CPPS, bacterial signal detected by PCR can help predict response to antimicrobial therapy.
Frames of Reference

The culture and the politics of early modern England have both inspired prodigious quantities of scholarship. These subjects have normally been studied separately, however, by experts trained in different disciplines, employing different tools, asking different questions and often taking little notice of each other’s preoccupations. The division partly reflects the specialization that always develops in densely populated fields of research. But it also stems from modern assumptions that the late Renaissance did not entirely share. Since the nineteenth century, Western society has associated culture with leisure, aesthetics and spiritual values, while regarding governance as practical work. Even when culture impinges upon politics, it is viewed as deriving from a different domain. Academic disciplines have reinforced this sense of separation by their distinctive methodologies, professional associations and journals.
Donald Davidson’s Philosophical Strategies

The single theme that is most nearly the essential thread of Donald Davidson’s entire philosophical output is this: to bring into coherent and plausible order all the categories by’ which we understand the functional relationship between language and the world - primarily with regard to the effective success of practical life in cognition and action - without relying on the mediating role of theories, conceptual schemes, privileged philosophical doctrines, or other such tertia. Davidson himself says as much, for instance in the John Dewey lectures of 1989 (presented at Columbia University).
A Coupled Finite Difference – Gaussian Beam Method for High Frequency Wave Propagation

Approximations of geometric optics type are commonly used in simulations of high frequency wave propagation. This form of technique fails when there is strong local variation in the wave speed on the scale of the wavelength or smaller. We propose a domain decomposition approach, coupling Gaussian beam methods where the wave speed is smooth with finite difference methods for the wave equations in domains with strong wave speed variation. In contrast to the standard domain decomposition algorithms, our finite difference domains follow the energy of the wave and change in time. A typical application in seismology presents a great simulation challenge involving the presence of irregularly located sharp inclusions on top of a smoothly varying background wave speed. These sharp inclusions are small compared to the domain size. Due to the scattering nature of the problem, these small inclusions will have a significant effect on the wave field. We present examples in two dimensions, but extensions to higher dimensions are straightforward.
Innovation in the Knowledge Age: implications for collaborative science

Current trends validate the notion that multifaceted, multimodal interdisciplinary collaborations lead to increased research productivity in publications and citations, compared to those achieved by individual researchers. Moreover, it may be that scientific breakthroughs are increasingly achieved by interdisciplinary research teams. Nonetheless, despite the perceived importance of collaboration and its bibliometric benefits, today’s scientists are still trained to be autonomous, work individually, and encourage their graduate students to do the same—perpetuating values which impede the creation of collaborative space between disciplines. As a consequence, scientists working in teams typically report serious obstacles to collaboration. This paper builds off of recent recommendations from a 2015 National Academies report on the state of team science which emphasizes greater definition of roles, responsibility, accountability, goals, and milestones. However, these recommendations do not address the subjective, relational components of collaboration which can drive innovation and creativity. The relational side of collaboration is key to understanding the capacity and capabilities of the knowledge workers, such as scientists and engineers, who comprise interdisciplinary research teams. The authors’ recommendations, grounded in organizational communication and knowledge worker literature, include a renewed focus on the process of organizing through communication rather than focusing on organization as an outcome or consequence of teamwork, leading and cultivating team members rather than managing them, and the need to address self-driven, rather than external, motivations to engage in knowledge work.
Frequency Importance Function for Isolated Words and for Conversation of Female Talkers

The relative contribution of high and low speech frequencies to intelligibility was examined for excerpts from conversation and for words spoken in isolation. Unrehearsed conversation and word list...
The Effects of Accounting Conservatism on Financial Statements and Financial Statement Users: A Review of the Literature

We review and analyze the accounting literature that examines the effects of accounting conservatism on financial statements and financial statement users. We begin by analyzing how conservatism affects the reported numbers on the financial statements. These studies primarily evaluate how conservatism affects earnings quality, including earnings persistence and the presence of earnings management. Next, we assess the effect of accounting conservatism on the users of the financial statements. We identify three primary users of the financial statements: (1) equity market users (2) debt market users and (3) corporate governance users. Within each of these categories we analyze the findings of prior research and explore unanswered research questions. By analyzing the effects of accounting conservatism from a diverse range of research topics, we inform the discussion on the costs and benefits of accounting conservatism.
A Service Perspective for Human Capital Resources: A Critical Base for Strategy Implementation

Although strategy formulation has received the lion’s share of attention in strategic management research, strategy implementation is widely considered to provide the greatest challenges for top ex...
A day of immersive physiology experiments increases knowledge and excitement towards physiology and scientific careers in Native American students

Underserved minority groups are disproportionately absent from the pursuit of careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. One such underserved population, Native Ame...
Contested sites of health risks: using wearable technologies to intervene in racial oppression

Employing Royster and Kirsch's (2012) concept of critical imagination, the authors imagine strategies communication designers might use to intervene in and disrupt racial injustice and oppression. Using activity trackers as technologies that communicate data about health and death, the authors retell and re-envision the case of Eric Garner, a victim of police brutality, and argue that data from activity trackers can potentially be used to reframe narratives about public health and policing. Further, through an examination of the rhetorical frames of dehumanization, disbelief, and dissociation, the authors assert that activity trackers, as communicative agents, may become transformative wearable devices that are developed and deployed with socially just communication design in mind.
Brief Cognitive Therapies

Current cognitive therapies vary in placement of emphasis and use diverse techniques, but hold in common these fundamental assumptions: that behavior and affect are mediated by cognitive processes; that maladaptive behavior and affect correlate with maladaptive cognitions; and that the task of the therapist is to identify these cognitions and provide learning experiences which will modify them. A number of these therapies are designed to be brief therapies.
Rapid B1 field mapping at 3 T using the 180° signal null method with extended flip angle.

Abstract Purpose To extend the null signal method (NSM) for B1 mapping to 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Background The NSM operates in the steady state regime and exploits the linearity of the spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) signal around the 180° flip angle (FA). Using linear regression, B1 maps are derived from three SPGR images acquired at different FAs with a short repetition time. While the conventional NSM allows accurate mapping of B1 for moderate B1 variation, we observed that this method fails for the larger B1 variations typical of high-field MRI. Methods We analyzed the effect of the FA range of the acquired SPGR images on B1 determination using the NSM for 3 T MRI through extensive numerical and in vivo analyses. B1 maps derived from the extended angle-range NSM (EA-NSM) were calculated and compared to those derived from the conventional, more restricted angle range, NSM, and to those derived from the reference, but much more time-consuming, double angle method (DAM). Furthermore, we investigated the compatibility of EA-NSM B1 mapping and the half-scan and SENSE reconstruction methods for accelerating acquisition time. Results Our results show that the use of the conventional FA range leads to substantial inaccuracies in B1 determination. Both numerical and in vivo analyses demonstrate that expanding the FA range of the acquired SPGR images substantially improves the accuracy of B1 maps. Furthermore, B1 maps derived from EA-NSM were demonstrated to be quantitatively comparable to those derived from the lengthy DAM protocol. We also found that B1 maps derived from SPGR images using the EA-NSM and imaging acceleration methods were comparable to those derived from images acquired without acceleration. Finally, the use of half scanning combined with SENSE reconstruction permits whole-brain B1 mapping in ~1 min. Conclusions The EA-NSM permits accurate, fast, and practical B1 mapping in a 3 T clinical setting.
AUGMENTING COMPUTER MUSIC WITH JUST-IN-TIME COMPILATION

We discuss the potential of just-in-time compilation for computer music software to evade compromises of flexibility and efficiency due to the discrepancies between the respective natures of composition and computation and also to augment exploratory and generative capacity. We present a range of examples and approaches using LLVM compiler infrastructure within the LuaAV composition environment and measure its performance against static compilation.
Compressing liquid nanofoam systems: liquid infiltration or nanopore deformation?

Understanding the invasion of a liquid into porous structures is the foundation of the characterization of the porosity-related properties of materials and is also of fundamental importance in the design of porous solid–liquid enabled energy protection systems, yet whether solid pores deform has been unclear so far. Here, we present a competition mechanism between liquid infiltration and cell wall buckling deformation by investigating a liquid nanofoam (LN) system subjected to quasi-static compression. The critical buckling stress of the cell wall and the infiltration pressure of liquid invasion into nanopores are studied and correlated through numerical simulation and experimental validation to reveal the quantitative relationship between nanopore deformation and liquid invasion. The analysis shows that liquid infiltration occurs, independent of the axial buckling stress of the cell wall; in contrast, the nanopore collapses radially when the radial collapse pressure is lower than the pressure of liquid infiltration, preventing the liquid invasion. Comprehensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed and demonstrate the deformation behavior of nanopores and cell wall–liquid interactions in a broad range. Pressure-induced compression experiments on a silica-based LN system are carried out and validate these theoretical and MD results.
Percutaneous Nephroureteral Tube: A Useful Tool for Management of Intractable Hematuria

Abstract Objective To describe our experience using percutaneous nephroureteral (PCNU) tube placement for the management of intractable gross hematuria. Methods We identified patients at our institution who underwent PCNU tube placement from August 2011 to October 2017 for management of gross hematuria who had previously failed management with manual irrigation, continuous bladder irrigation, and cystoscopy with clot evacuation. The primary outcome measured was cessation of bleeding obviating the need for further blood transfusion in a 30 day follow-up period. Results Six patients were treated with PCNU tube placement for intractable hematuria from either malignant or nonmalignant etiologies. In all patients after PCNU tube placement, hematocrit value remained stable, there were no further transfusions requirements within 30 days, and no immediate or periprocedural complications were encountered. In no instance did a PCNU become obstructed by blood clots and in all cases the bladder and both kidneys were adequately drained. Conclusion In patients with hematuria refractory to conventional management techniques, the placement of a PCNU tube allows for cessation of bleeding, successfully diverts urine with no immediate complications and is not subsequent to clot obstruction of the tube. The use of PCNU tube is a viable treatment in the algorithm of intractable hematuria, specifically before resorting to more morbid and potentially irreversible treatments.
Regulating Sports Gambling in the Aftermath of Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association

On May 14, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its seminal ruling in Murphy v. National Collegiate Athletic Association, which held that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act violated the Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and that U.S. states are now free to legalize commercial sports gambling. At present, six states have initiated plans to allow for state-sponsored sports gambling in response to the Supreme Court’s Murphy decision. Meanwhile, numerous other states, including New York, will potentially legalize sports gambling in 2019. This Essay explores newfound legal questions that arise from the expansion of state-sponsored sports gambling in the aftermath of Murphy. Part I of this Essay explores the history of sports gambling in the United States prior to the Supreme Court’s decision in Murphy. Part II explains the legal rise and fall of PASPA, culminating with the Supreme Court’s decision in Murphy. Part III describes six new state laws to legalize and regulate sports gambling in the aftermath of PASPA’s demise. Finally, Part IV addresses seven important public policy issues that state legislators should consider when proposing new sports-gambling laws in the wake of Murphy.
MON-342 Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia in Adrenal Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Background: Hypercalcemia of malignancy can present with a suppressed intact PTH level in response to various etiologies including elevated PTH-rP, increased calcitriol production via activation of the enzyme 1-alpha hydroxylase, or osteolytic bone lesions. PTH-independent hypercalcemia with elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) levels should prompt evaluation for granulomatous disorders including sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and lymphoma. Here we present a case of calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia secondary to a rare, adrenal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clinical Case: A 61-year-old female presented with fatigue, myalgias, and generalized weakness. On admission, calcium was 14.1 mg/dL (8.9-10.3), phosphorus 2.4 mg/dL (2.3-4) and iPTH was suppressed to 3.6 pg/mL (8.5-75). CT scan revealed a 30-35 Houndsfield unit, 14 x 9 x 13 cm left adrenal mass. Workup included PTH-rP 0.3 pmol/L (<2.0) and calcitriol 109 pg/mL (18-78). Serum and urine electrophoresis were negative for monoclonal protein spikes. Further hormonal evaluation revealed normal serum and urine metanephrines, 24-hour urine cortisol 64 mcg/24h (3.5-45), 8 AM cortisol 1.9 ug/dL following 1 mg dexamethasone suppression (<1.8), midnight salivary cortisol 87 ng/dL (<100), DHEA-S 16.2 mcg/dL (<15-157), and 11-deoxycortisol 24 ng/dL (10-79). Angiotensin-converting enzyme level was normal at 10 U/L (8-53). Her hypercalcemia improved with intravenous fluids and calcitonin. She was not a surgical candidate as PET/CT revealed multiple para-aortic and mesenteric hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy, left breast soft tissue density, and a lesion in the right posterior pelvis likely indicative of metastatic disease. Nuclear bone scan ruled out bone metastases. Para-aortic biopsy was considered technically difficult in this patient so she underwent CT-guided core needle biopsy of the adrenal mass which confirmed high-grade CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD20, BCL2, BCL6, MUM-1, and Ki-67 90%. She completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Repeat PET/CT following completion of chemotherapy showed no residual disease however one month later, she presented with acute encephalopathy with MRI brain showing a large frontal lobe tumor concerning for relapse. She received 1 cycle of intrathecal methotrexate and cytarabine however these were discontinued due to severe deconditioning. She now remains on oral ibrutinib. Conclusions: Primary adrenal lymphomas are a rare cause of non-Hodgkin lymphomas with less than 150 cases noted in the literature. Lymphoma should be included in the differential of patients presenting with PTH-independent hypercalcemia given the aggressive nature of the disease and associated high mortality.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sop 97-2 in Curbing Earnings Management in the Computer Software Industry*

SOP 97-2 contained a more restrictive set of revenue recognition rules and guidance for the licensing, selling, and leasing of software than its predecessor SOP 91-1. The purpose of this study is to assess whether the SOP changed revenue management and expense management within the computer software industry. A reduction in revenue management is expected because of the SOP's focus on tighter revenue recognition rules. However, the SOP may have the unintended effect of increasing expense management. Firms may have shifted from revenue management to expense management in order to maintain its earnings management goals. Our results indicate that SOP 97-2 was effective in curbing revenue management, and that expense management did not exist to a significant degree before or after the adoption of SOP 97-2. Additionally, bottom-line earnings management existed only minimally before and after the SOP. Revenue management may not extend to bottom-line earnings management because earnings changes due to managed revenues may be offset be compensating changes in matched expenses. These results suggest that, prior to the SOP, software firms were managing revenue numbers but not expenses, and the goal of managing revenues was revenue specific rather than focused on presenting a favorable bottom-line earnings. The implication is that SOP 97-2 improved the consistency of revenue recognition practices within the computer software industry. Moreover, researchers interested in assessing the earnings management behavior within the industries experiencing rapid growth and highly speculative capital markets, which is the case for software industry in the latter 1990s, should examine revenue management rather than bottom-line earnings management.
Political knowledge and convenience voting

Are more politically knowledgeable registered voters more likely to cast their ballots prior to Election Day when given an option to do so? We argue that individuals with high political knowledge a...
Bilayer compositional asymmetry influences the nanoscopic to macroscopic phase domain size transition.

Abstract The eukaryotic plasma membrane (PM) exhibits lipid mixing heterogeneities known as lipid rafts. These lipid rafts, the result of liquid-liquid phase separation, can be modeled by coexisting liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) domains. Four-lipid component systems with a high-melting lipid, a nanodomain-inducing low-melting lipid, a macrodomain-inducing low-melting lipid, and cholesterol (chol) can give rise to domains of different sizes. These four-component systems have been characterized in experiments, yet there are few studies that model the asymmetric distribution of lipids actually found in the PM. We used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to analyze the transition from nanoscopic to macroscopic domains in symmetric and in asymmetric model membranes. Using coarse-grained MD simulations, we found that asymmetry promotes macroscopic domain growth in a case where symmetric systems exhibit nanoscopic domains. Also, macroscopic domain formation in symmetric systems is highly dependent on registration of like phases in the cytoplasmic and exoplasmic leaflets. Using united-atom MD simulations, we found that symmetric Lo domains are only slightly more ordered than asymmetric Lo domains. We also found that large Lo domains in our asymmetric systems induce a slight chain ordering in the apposed cytoplasmic regions. The chol fractions of phase-separated Lo and Ld domains of the exoplasmic leaflet were unchanged whether the system was symmetric or asymmetric.
Via Size Optimization for Optimum Circuit Performance at 3 nm node

Via size and placement for layer-to-layer connection needs careful assessment. Small via size offers compact pitch and denser connections between metal layers, while larger via size offers reduced resistance for better performance. In this paper, an optimization scheme for via size is presented, without changing the density of via allocation. We show that increasing via CD reduces resistance, resulting in enhanced performance. However, this also results in increased capacitance between different circuit nodes, which causes degradation in performance. These two opposite effects result in an optimum via CD, which offers best performance. We also show that this optimum via CD depends on the resistivity of the via material and the dielectric constant of inter-layer dielectric (ILD) surrounding the via. Via design guidelines for TiN/Co via material and for a futuristic barrier-less metal with equivalent resistivity 1/10th} of cobalt via, is presented for different dielectric constants of surrounding dielectrics.
Cuba and the Soviet Bloc: Searching for the Last Guardians of Socialism:

Based on a wide array of original documents from over 20 archives in Eastern Europe, the US, Cuba and the Dominican Republic, this paper traces the complex interplay between Havana’s revolutionary ...
The effect of dimensional parameters of multi-asperity surfaces on friction at the nanoscale

Abstract Experiments have shown that nanoscale surface texture can effectively reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) between contact surfaces compared to a smooth surface. However, not all textured surfaces would have lower COF than smooth surfaces, as COF also depends on the counter surface radius that encounters the textured surface. In the current study, we use molecular dynamics on an aluminum surface to investigate a relationship between the spherical counter surface radius (R) and the surface texture variables such as radius of the asperity (r), and pitch length (L) that would effectively reduce the COF when compared to a smooth surface. A relationship is obtained, and it predicts that textured surfaces have lower COF than a smooth surface when R/(2 L − r) is greater than 1, otherwise textured surfaces have higher COF than the smooth surface. The relationship obtained is verified by using different surface texture variables and other material surfaces such as silver-nanodot spherical textured surface, and the core-shell spherical textured surface. Further, the trend predicted by the computational model agrees with experiments performed on core-shell spherical textured and smooth surfaces.
Healthcare Delivery and Huntington's Disease During the Time of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Safer-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic altered the structure of clinical care for Huntington's disease (HD) patients. This shift provided an opportunity to identify limitations in the current healthcare infrastructure and how these may impact the health and well-being of persons with HD. OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were to assess the feasibility of remote healthcare delivery in HD patients, to identify socioeconomic factors which may explain differences in feasibility and to evaluate the impact of safer-at-home orders on HD patient stress levels. METHODS: This observational study of a clinical HD population during the 'safer-at-home' orders asked patients or caregivers about their current access to healthcare resources and patient stress levels. A chart review allowed for an assessment of socioeconomic status and characterization of HD severity. RESULTS: Two-hundred and twelve HD patients were contacted with 156 completing the survey. During safer-at-home orders, the majority of HD patients were able to obtain medications and see a physician; however, 25% of patients would not commit to regular telehealth visits, and less than 50% utilized an online healthcare platform. We found that 37% of participants were divorced/single, 39% had less than a high school diploma, and nearly 20% were uninsured or on low-income health insurance. Patient stress levels correlated with disease burden. CONCLUSION: A significant portion of HD participants were not willing to participate in telehealth services. Potential explanations for these limitations may include socioeconomic barriers and caregiving structure. These observations illustrate areas for clinical care improvement to address healthcare disparities in the HD community.
Abstract MP63: Childhood-onset Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Increased Risk Of Adolescent Hypertension

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an established risk factor for hypertension in adults. However, the association of childhood OSA with an increased risk of hypertension has remained e...
Poisoning of aldol condensation reaction with H2O on acid catalysts

The effect of chemisorbing water on three catalysts previously evaluated in the acetone condensation reaction has been studied. The active sites in that reaction are Lewis acid sites present either on the surface of alumina or of nonframework alumina in zeolites. These sites are poisoned by water and the reaction rate decreases at the pace of the loss of Lewis sites. The stoichiometry of the poisoning reactions is one water molecule per site on alumina and two water molecules per site on nonframework alumina.
All the King's Forces or the Discretionary Function Doctrine in the Nuclear Age: Allen v. United States

OF RFPORT]. 110. Id. HL. Id. at 388 (citing ABSTRACT O RiEPORT, supra note 109, at 20, 21). 1988] ECOLOGY LAW QUARTERLY
Drainage Systems for Land Treatment of Wastewater

Simulation methods for design and evaluation of drainage systems for wastewater land treatment sites are presented. The methods are based on the water management model, DRAINMOD, for describing the performance of an artificially drained land treatment system over a long period of climatological record. The methods are demonstrated by considering an example of wastewater application on a poorly drained soil area near Wilmington, N.C. Several drainage designs and application strategies are evaluated to determine their effects on the amount of wastewater that could be treated and how that amount changes from year to year with weather conditions. Effects on water table depth outflow volumes and required wastewater storage are also analyzed. When wastewater application is limited by drainage conditions of the site, more water can be treated by applying small amounts frequently than with larger amounts on a less frequent basis. Results showed that DRAINMOD can be used to optimize the drainage system design for a given land application site.
Between Sacrament and Contract: Marriage as a Covenant in John Calvin's Geneva

This article focuses only on John Calvin’s reformation of marriage in sixteenth-century Geneva. Calvin’s early efforts in the 1530s and 1540s were focused on the law of marital formation, maintenance, and dissolution. Particularly his 1545 Marriage Ordinance was famous for requiring parental consent, church consecration, and publicly attested marital contracts for valid marital formation, and for allowing both husbands and wives to divorce on grounds of adultery and desertion. When Calvin’s legal views were challenged, he both defended and refined them with a new theology of marriage as a covenant, modeled on the covenant between God and his elect. This theology emphasized both the spiritual and contractual qualities of marriage, its dependence on the moral law of God, and the participation of God through parents, peers, pastors, and political officials who each hold divine authority.
Fate of mantle plume material trapped within a lithospheric catchment with reference to Brazil

[1] Local regions of thin lithosphere act as catchments of hot buoyant plume material. Unless replenished, the trapped plume material cools by convection to the mantle adiabat by several tens of million years. In particular, currently hot material from the ∼130 Ma, Parana starting plume head is unlikely to supply 85 Ma to recent volcanism on the mainland of Brazil and the Martin Vaz and Fernando hot spots. Rather, a plume tail may now underlie southern Brazil where tomographic studies detect conduit-shaped velocity anomaly through the upper mantle. If the tomographic study in fact found a plume tail, the track crossed the Amazon rift at ∼85 Ma and (since then) lateral flow along thin regions of the lithosphere from the tail fed widespread feeble volcanism including the flow line hot spots of Martin Vaz and Fernando.
The suprachiasmatic hypothalamic nuclei of the rat. VI. Vasopressin neurons and circadian rhythmicity.

Circadian rhythms in locomotor activity, drinking, and pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase were examined in female rats genetically deficient for vasopressin (Brattleboro strain). Rhythms of Brattleboro rats were compared with rhythms of normal Long-Evans rats, the strain from which Brattleboro rats derived. The suprachiasmatic nucleus, which has been shown to be an important component of central circadian oscillating systems, normally has vasopressin-containing neurons. No vasopressin-containing neurons are demonstrable in Brattleboro rats. The absence of vasopressin from the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system does not alter circadian aspects of the behavioral and endocrine rhythms studied. These results indicate that the presence of vasopressin-containing neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is not essential for maintenance of circadian rhythmicity in the rat.
Paresthesia from N2 or N2 substitute. Report of a case.

Abstract A case of paresthesia following overfilling of root canals of a mandibular molar tooth with N2 or N2 substitute is reported.
EMAS e certificazioni ambientali, semplificazione normativa e agevolazioni per le imprese

The project idea is developed from some considerations on the obstacles that limit the diffusion of EMAS (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme - EC Reg. n.1221/09), especially among Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): lack of government incentives and feedback of the market, difficulties in environmental regulation knowledge, cost of implementation and maintenance, management gap between “ordinary” and “evolved” management needed to obtain EMAS registration. The aim of the project is to promote the integration of EMAS - and other certification systems- in EU legislation in the member states and facilitating the implementation for enterprises: deleting or reducing costs and simplifying procedures to encourage the adoption of a voluntary environmental certification.
AIDS and Social Work: Curricula Development in an Epidemic

Abstract The need for skilled social workers in the AIDS epidemic cannot be ignored. New graduates and current social work students need to understand complex biopsychosocial, ethical and political issues in order to provide effective, timely and appropriate services to persons with AIDS and their significant others. This article describes a framework for developing comprehensive, versatile curricula which adequately prepare students to confront the unprecedented challenges created by this epidemic.
Initial value data for poisson brackets in general relativity

Abstract As a preliminary step toward constructing the commutators of a quantized theory of general relativity, Poisson brackets for the classical theory are found on an initial space-like surface. These can then be extended over all space-time by solving the equations of motion. The theoretical structure used to find the brackets is an extension of the formalism of Schwinger. The brackets obtained are determined only up to a gauge transformation.
Systems level analysis of osteoclastogenesis reveals intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory interactions

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells derived from the myeloid lineage that play a central role in bone remodeling and inflammatory bone erosion diseases. The receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) produced by osteoblasts and activated immune cells initiates the development of osteoclasts in the bone marrow. Using time series gene expression data, the intrinsic processes and the extrinsic factors that control osteoclastogenesis were identified. The gene expression profiles display distinct commitment and differentiation phases. Analysis of the time course revealed several mechanistic details, including the complex role of cholesterol in osteoclast development. Epistatic interactions and the coordination between cellular processes that regulate development were inferred from the coexpression network. The coexpression network indicated that osteoclasts induce angiogenesis and recruit T-cells to the site of osteoclastogenesis early in the commitment phase. The resulting model provides an essential framework for a better understanding of the epigenetic program of osteoclastogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:2181–2197, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preparation of functionalized gold nanoparticles as a targeted X-ray contrast agent for damaged bone tissue.

Conventional methods used to image and quantify microdamage in bone tissue are limited to thin histological sections. Therefore recent studies have begun to investigate methods for non-destructive, three-dimensional (3-D) detection and imaging of microdamage in bone tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as a potential damage-specific X-ray contrast agent due to their relative biocompatibility, ease of surface functionalization, colloidal stability, and high X-ray attenuation. Au NPs were prepared using a citrate reduction reaction to ∼15 or 40 nm diameter, and functionalized with glutamic acid for targeting damaged bone tissue. As-synthesized and functionalized Au NPs were spherical, relatively monodispersed, and exhibited aqueous colloidal stability. Functionalized Au NPs were demonstrated to target damaged bovine cortical bone tissue as visually evidenced by surface scratches turning a characteristic red color after soaking in functionalized Au NP solutions. Individual Au NPs were observed on the surface of damaged tissue using backscattered electron imaging and atomic force microscopy. Therefore, functionalized Au NPs are a promising candidate for a targeted X-ray contrast agent for damaged bone tissue.
Effects of amyl nitrite on coronary arterial blood flow velocity in man.

Abstract Instantaneous coronary arterial phasic blood flow velocity was measured in 21 patients (8 with coronary artery disease) after amyl nitrite inhalation. Measurement was made with use of a Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter catheter positioned at the ostia of the coronary arteries. In all cases, there was an appreciable increase in diastolic coronary arterial phasic blood flow velocity within 10 seconds. Flow velocity increased from 50 to 216 percent over control values after administration of amyl nitrite. Subjects with marked obstructive coronary artery disease had decreased peak coronary arterial phasic blood flow velocity responses when compared with control subjects. Atrial pacing to heart rates attained with amyl nitrite alone resulted in no appreciable increase or decrease in coronary arterial phasic blood flow velocity, thus showing that increase in the latter was not dependent on this action of the drug. Furthermore, increase occurred before appearance of the arterial hypotensive effect of amyl nitrite. The presence of an increase in coronary arterial phasic blood flow velocity after administration of a drug with demonstrable coronary vasodilating action strongly suggests that one of the important attributes of nitrites is their ability to increase coronary arterial blood flow.
Calculation of the quasielastic response of 4He

Abstract We consider the dynamic response of the 4He nucleus near the quasielastic peak. We perform perturbative (in the inverse of the momentum transfer), semiclassical, and real-time path integral Monte Carlo calculations. While all three calculations indicate that “y-scaling” holds with increasing momentum transfer, only the last two reproduce the experimental approach to scaling, indicating a sensitivity to the short-range repulsion in the nucleon-nucleon interaction.
Tweecalization: Efficient and intelligent location mining in twitter using semi-supervised learning

Geosocial Networking is the new hotness, with social networks providing services and capabilities to the users to associate location to their profiles. But, because of privacy and security reasons, most of the people on social networking sites like Twitter are unwilling to provide locations in their profiles. This creates a need for an algorithm that predicts the location of the user based on the implicit attributes associated with him. In this paper, we develop a tool, Tweecalization that predicts the location of the user purely on the basis of his social network, using the strong theoretical framework of semi-supervised learning. In particular we employ the label propagation algorithm. On the city locations returned by the algorithm, the system performs agglomerative clustering based on geospatial proximity and their individual scores to return cluster of locations with higher confidence. We perform extensive experiments to show the validity of our system in terms of both accuracy and running time. Experimental results show that Tweecalization outperforms the content based geo-tagging approach and the Tweethood algorithm [4] in both accuracy and running time.
Buccal and oral bioavailability of naloxone and naltrexone in rats

Abstract The opioid antagonists naloxone and naltrexone are both known to undergo extensive first-pass metabolism after oral dosing. The buccal route was investigated as a potential alternative to oral administration. Oral and buccal bioavailabilities of naloxone and naltrexone were determined in rats. Less than 1 % of oral naloxone or naltrexone was bioavailable, but buccal administration resulted in approximately 70% bioavailability for each drug.
Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the rap-1A protein from its homology to the ras-gene-encoded p21 protein.

rap-1A, an anti-oncogene-encoded protein, is aras-p21-like protein whose sequence is over 80% homologous to p21 and which interacts with the same intracellular target proteins and is activated by the same mechanisms as p21, e.g., by binding GTP in place of GDP. Both interact with effector proteins in the same region, involving residues 32–47. However, activated rap-1A blocks the mitogenic signal transducing effects of p21. Optimal sequence alignment of p21 and rap-1A shows two insertions of rap-1A atras positions 120 and 138. We have constructed the three-dimensional structure of rap-1A bound to GTP by using the energy-minimized three-dimensional structure ofras-p21 as the basis for the modeling using a stepwise procedure in which identical and homologous amino acid residues in rap-1A are assumed to adopt the same conformation as the corresponding residues in p21. Side-chain conformations for homologous and nonhomologous residues are generated in conformations that are as close as possible to those of the corresponding side chains in p21. The entire structure has been subjected to a nested series of energy minimizations. The final predicted structure has an overall backbone deviation of 0.7 a from that ofras-p21. The effector binding domains from residues 32–47 are identical in both proteins (except for different side chains of different residues at position 45). A major difference occurs in the insertion region at residue 120. This region is in the middle of another effector loop of the p21 protein involving residues 115–126. Differences in sequence and structure in this region may contribute to the differences in cellular functions of these two proteins.
Design and Evaluation of a Knee Actuator for a Dynamic Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis

Dynamic KAFOs are developed to recover the normal walking ability during both stance and swing phases. Three types of dynamic KAFOs have been reported in the literature. Various actuation mechanisms including spring, pneumatic and hydraulic systems have been used. These devices can improve walking disability and compensate lower leg muscle deficiency. However, they are bulky, in some cases need complex control systems and do not recreate the normal gait pattern. These shortcomings have limited the application of dynamic KAFOs in daily life. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel knee actuator for a dynamic KAFO that is actuated easily by employing shape memory materials. Such an actuation system makes the KAFO lightweight and has a greater potential to restore the normal gait. Torsional superelastic alloys are used in this actuator in order to match the stiffness of the knee joint of the KAFO with that of a normal knee joint during the walking gait cycle. There are two distinct parts in the knee actuator, acting independently to mimic the two phases of the gait cycle. One engages only in the stance phase and the other works in the swing phase. Each part is developed by combining a superelastic rod and a stiff rotary spring, in series. According to numerical simulation, such combination reproduces the varying knee stiffness during the whole walking gait. Also mechanical experiments have been conducted to further verify the conceptual design. The simulation and experimental results show that the actuator is able to reproduce the stiffness of the normal knee joint during the gait cycle.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The Fifth Column---Rules for Consulting Survival: A Biased View

In a previous article in this series, some of the common problems of being an internal consultant were discussed. It now seems only appropriate to lay out some pithy rules for survival as an external consultant. Of course, the rules proffered for consumption stem, in good part, from the author's own experiences and should be recognized as the extremely biased opinions that they are.
Changes in cellulase and pectinase activities in fruit tissues and separation zones of citrus treated with cycloheximide.

Cellulase activity increased in separation-zone tissues 1 day after “Valencia” orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) was treated with 20 micrograms per milliliter cycloheximide. Exocellulase was detected only in the separation zones of treated fruit, whereas endocellulase was present in zones from both treated and control fruit. Endocellulase activity in separation-zone tissue of treated fruit was nearly three times as great as that in control tissues. Cellulase activity was restricted to separation-zone tissue. Pectinase and an albedo-macerating factor activity were very low and were not influenced by the treatment. The cycloheximide effect in these experiments was apparently caused by ethylene produced by wound tissue.