cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harvest regimen changes sericea lespedeza condensed tannin, fiber and protein concentrations

Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata [Dumont de Courset] G. Don.; SL) is a perennial, warm‐season legume containing condensed tannins (CT) that can play important roles in ruminant ecosystems. Our research objective was to determine season‐long average herbage CT fractions, crude protein (CP) and fiber concentrations under three harvest regimens for SL cv. AU Grazer at five locations within the southeastern USA during 2010. Harvest regimens were regrowth every 35 days (35‐day), previously uncut plots every 35 days (ACCUM), or regrowth when height reached 40 cm (40 cm). We found harvest regimen by location interactions (P ≤ 0.05) for all dependent variables. The ACCUM plants usually had greater (P ≤ 0.05) fiber concentrations where there were differences, except for the Louisiana location. The lowest (114 g kg⁻¹; P ≤ 0.05) CP concentrations were measured in ACCUM plants at the driest location (Texas) while the highest (181 g kg⁻¹ for North Carolina plants) came from the 35‐day regimen. Total CT (TCT) concentration varied (P ≤ 0.05) from a low of 61.1 g kg⁻¹ for ACCUM plants in Louisiana to 100.7 g kg⁻¹ for Texas plants harvested from 35‐day plots. In summary, harvest regimen influenced SL nutrient and CT concentrations. Fiber concentration was better correlated (−0.621 for acid detergent fiber; P ≤ 0.05) with TCT than CP (−0.014; P = 0.82). Sericea lespedeza regrowth harvested every 35 days had higher season‐long average TCT concentrations in two of five locations along with greater CP and less fiber concentrations in four of five locations compared to the ACCUM regimen.
Fractional Calculus of Hydraulic Drag in the Free Falling Process

A new approach to describe the hydraulic drag received by a falling body has been developed through fractional calculus, and the analytical solution has been given. This new method treats the measurement of the hydraulic drag as the fractional derivative of the falling body’s displacement. The existing methods could be classified into two categories. The first ones assume the drag could be described by a quadratic equitation of the body’s velocity and use the classical Newton law to describe the falling process. The second ones do introduce the fractional calculus to describe the dynamic process but still treat the drag as the quadratic of velocity, which make the physics meaning of parameters are obscure. Compared to existing methods, the new approach introduced in this paper is original from the perspectives of basic hypothesis and modeling. To evaluate the performance of this method, series experiments have been conducted with the help of high speed camera. The data fit the new method successfully, and compared to the existing approaches, the new one has the overall better performance on the accuracy to describe the dynamic process of the falling body and owns intuitive physical explanation of its parameters.
John Locke - Libertarian Anarchism

This introductory text focuses on the development and core ideas of Locke’s political philosophy and outlines a few relevant, current controversies among Locke scholars. After an introduction to Locke’s writings on tolerance and their development over time, I shift to his theory of justice as presented in Two Treatises of Government. Of particular importance in the latter work are Locke’s defense of a so-called “voluntarist understanding” of political legitimacy and the right to revolution, which centrally involves the claim that political power originally belongs to each individual (the individual’s natural executive right). To justify this claim, Locke provides us with a theory of laws of nature and individual rights, where he emphasizes private property, which is why special priority is given to understanding these aspects of his theory and contemporary developments of them.
Concanavalin A as a quantitative and ultrastructural probe for normal and neoplastic cell surfaces.

Concanavalin A (Con A) has been popularly used as a cell surface probe for normal and neoplastic cells. Differences between normal fibroblasts and their transformed derivatives were examined using Con A agglutination, quantitative labeling with 125I-Con A and ultra-structural labeling with fluorescent- or ferritin-Con A. Con A agglutinates confluent-SV3T3 and 3T3 cells at midpoints of 20–60 and > 1,500–2,000 μg/ml, respectively, and sparse cells at 5–15 and 1,2001,500 μg/ml, respectively. Quantitative binding of 125I-Con A at 4°C (10 or 15 min) with saturating lectin concentrations does not indicate a difference in the number of Con A receptors on sparse or confluent 3T3 and SV3T3 cells similar to many publications, but contrary to Noonan and Burger (1973). Under these conditions of labeling, ferritin-Con A is not internalized, indicating absence of endocytosis. The lateral mobility of Con A receptors and their relative ability to be aggregated on the cell surface by Con A was investigated with fluorescent- and ferritin-Con A. The initial distribution of Con A receptors on 3T3, SV3T3 and MSV3T3 cells under conditions of labeling at low temperature (0–5°C) or to fixed cells was essentially randomly dispersed, but changes quickly to aggregated on SV3T3 and MSV3T3 (but not 3T3) after shifting the temperature to 20–37°C, indicating, in general, a greater relative mobility of Con A receptors on SV3T3 and MSV3T3 cells. The aggregated Con A receptors seem to be directly involved in cell agglutination because they are usually found at the sites of cell-to-cell contact during 10 min agglutination experiments with ferritin-Con A. When confluent-3T3 cells are labeled on monolayer with ferritin-Con A at 0–4°C, washed and then shifted to 20–37°C for 10–15 min prior to in situ embedding, two classes of Con A receptors can be identified. One class appears to have low relative mobility and is associated with the 3T3 cell’s extensive sub-plasma membrane microfilament network, while the other is capable of being aggregated and eventually endocytosed. On confluent-SV3T3 cells, only the latter class of receptors appears to be present, indicating a possible loss of cytoplasmic control over the distribution and mobility of lectin-binding sites on transformed cell surfaces.
Complications and Secondary Procedures after Elective Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair has revolutionized the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Since Juan Parodi first published his experience with custom-made stent grafts in 1991, there has been an explosion of interest in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Manufactured devices have continued to improve leading to decreased operative time, blood loss, ICU stay, and overall hospital stays. As the technique improved, patients previously unfit for open repair were offered EVAR as treatment of their aneurysms that otherwise would have been left to grow and, approximately half of them, rupture. The decreased morbidity and mortality associated with EVAR and its broader application to patients that are not traditional surgical candidates gives some the false sense of safety when performing these procedures. Some think that EVAR is “complication free,” but this is certainly not the case. EVAR cases are subject to many of the same complications as open AAA repairs and some that are unique to the procedure itself. It is imperative that physicians who plan on doing EVAR know the possible complications associated with this complex operation and be well versed on the secondary procedures utilized to manage them.
Diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping as diagnostic tools for motor neuron disorders.

Abstract Purpose Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) have been proposed as methods to aid in the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), both diseases affecting upper motor neurons. We test the performance of DTI and QSM alone and in combination to distinguish patients with diseases affecting upper motor neurons (ALS/PLS) from patients with other motor symptom-predominant neurologic disorders. Methods 3.0 Tesla MRI with DTI and QSM in patients referred to a subspecialty neurology clinic for evaluation of motor symptom-predominant neurologic disorders were retrospectively reviewed. Corticospinal tract fractional anisotropy and maximum motor cortex susceptibility were measured. Subjects were categorized by diagnosis and imaging metrics were compared between groups using Student's t-tests. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for imaging metrics alone and in combination. Results MRI scans for 43 patients with ALS or PLS and 15 patients with motor symptom predominant, non-upper motor neuron disease (mimics) were reviewed. Fractional anisotropy was lower (0.57 vs. 0.60, p 0.05) or in combination (0.75; p > 0.05). Conclusion We found significant differences in DTI and QSM metrics in patients with diseases affecting upper motor neurons (ALS/PLS) compared to mimics, but no significant difference in the performance of these metrics in diagnosing ALS/PLS compared to mimics.
Dissolution of cellulose in dimethyl phosphate ionic liquid solutions

AbstractIonic liquids are organic salts that have melting points below 100 °C and they may serve as environmentally friendlier alternatives to the toxic and/or corrosive chemicals usually used to p...
Diabetes Mellitus and Renal Transplantation

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease in the USA. Among patients undergoing a renal transplant, hyperglycemia is a common occurrence. If glucose values rise to levels meeting diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus after transplant in persons without preexisting diabetes mellitus, the patients are said to have new-onset diabetes after transplant. This chapter reviews some of the current information regarding new-onset diabetes after transplant, concluding with a discussion about prevention strategies.
Blade-Shaped Hydraulic Fracture Driven by a Turbulent Fluid in an Impermeable Rock

AbstractWater-driven hydraulic fractures with high flow rates are more common now than ever in the oil and gas industry. Although these fractures are small, the high injection rate and low viscosit...
Point-of-care versus central testing of hemoglobin during large volume blood transfusion

Point-of-care (POC) hemoglobin testing has the potential to revolutionize massive transfusion strategies. No prior studies have compared POC and central laboratory testing of hemoglobin in patients undergoing massive transfusions. We retrospectively compared the results of our point-of-care hemoglobin test (EPOC®) to our core laboratory complete blood count (CBC) hemoglobin test (Sysmex XE-5000™) in patients undergoing massive transfusion protocols (MTP) for hemorrhage. One hundred seventy paired samples from 90 patients for whom MTP was activated were collected at a single, tertiary care hospital between 10/2011 and 10/2017. Patients had both an EPOC® and CBC hemoglobin performed within 30 min of each other during the MTP. We assessed the accuracy of EPOC® hemoglobin testing using two variables: interchangeability and clinically significant differences from the CBC. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) proficiency testing criteria defined interchangeability for measurements. Clinically significant differences between the tests were defined by an expert panel. We examined whether these relationships changed as a function of the hemoglobin measured by the EPOC® and specific patient characteristics. Fifty one percent (86 of 170) of paired samples’ hemoglobin results had an absolute difference of ≤7 and 73% (124 of 170) fell within ±1 g/dL of each other. The mean difference between EPOC® and CBC hemoglobin had a bias of − 0.268 g/dL (p = 0.002). When the EPOC® hemoglobin was < 7 g/dL, 30% of the hemoglobin values were within ±7, and 57% were within ±1 g/dL. When the measured EPOC® hemoglobin was ≥7 g/dL, 55% of the EPOC® and CBC hemoglobin values were within ±7, and 76% were within ±1 g/dL. EPOC® and CBC hemoglobin values that were within ±1 g/dL varied by patient population: 77% for cardiac surgery, 58% for general surgery, and 72% for non-surgical patients. The EPOC® device had minor negative bias, was not interchangeable with the CBC hemoglobin, and was less reliable when the EPOC® value was < 7 g/dL. Clinicians must consider speed versus accuracy, and should check a CBC within 30 min as confirmation when the EPOC® hemoglobin is < 7 g/dL until further prospective trials are performed in this population.
Three Pathways From Anger Dysregulation to Lower Social Status Among Chinese Boys

During middle childhood, Chinese boys are particularly at risk to develop both externalizing (e.g., overt aggression) and internalizing behavioral problems (e.g., social withdrawal). A possible contributor to these problems is that boys cannot regulate their anger very well. Inability to manage anger may cause a particular social challenge for Chinese boys. Open expression of anger may be prohibited by prevailing Chinese cultural norms, because it emphasizes individuality over harmony. But anger is a socially disengaging emotion which works against social harmony. This situation requires Chinese boys to manage and express anger appropriately in social interactions. Based on the hierarchical model of social relationships and the three trends of human interactions, this study examined three pathways—aggression, social withdrawal, and sociability-leadership—that lead from Chinese boys’ anger dysregulation to their lower social status among peers at school. Participants of this study were 267 boys in Grades 3-6 from an elementary school in urban China. A self-report questionnaire of anger dysregulation was used to evaluate how often Chinese boys express their anger in dysregulated ways (e.g., attacking things or people). Peer nominations were used to measure children’s overt aggression (moving against peers), social withdrawal (moving away from peers), and sociability-leadership (moving toward peers). Social status was assessed by a sociometric measure which evaluates the degree to which children were liked by their classmates. Results showed that boys’ anger dysregulation was negatively associated with their social status. Moreover, aggression, social withdrawal, and social skills fully mediated this association. This study enriches our understanding of the mechanisms linking anger dysregulation to lower social status and provides practical implications to help Chinese boys improve social and emotional functioning in middle childhood.
Diabetes Meal Planning: Managing Your Carbohydrate Intake

If you have diabetes, maintaining a consistent carbohydrate intake throughout the day is an effective meal-planning method to help maintain your target blood glucose levels. Foods that contain carbohydrates have the greatest effect on blood glucose levels compared to foods that contain primarily protein or fat. Carbohydrates in foods that contribute to blood glucose includes sugars and starches. The amount of carbohydrate you consume is based on your diabetes treatment goals and carbohydrate tolerance. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, written by Nancy J. Gal and Wendy J. Dahl, provides a strategy for planning your daily menu to manage your carbohydrate intake. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs324
Narrowband Polaritonic Thermal Emitters Driven by Waste Heat.

There are a broad range of applications for narrowband long-wave infrared (LWIR) sources, especially within the 8–12 μm atmospheric window. These include infrared beacons, free-space communications...
Advancement of Thl7/Treg in children with bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory infectious disease in children under two years old.The main pathogen of bronchiolitis is respiratory syncytial virus.Bronchiolitis is also associated with asthma.It is still unknown for us about the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis.In recent years, we were found find that the T helper l7 cell(Thl7)and regulatory T cell(Treg)play an important role in bronchiolitis.We review the role of Thl7/Treg imbalances in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis in this paper. Key words: Bronchiolitis; Thl7 cell; Treg cell; Respiratory syncytial virus; Bronchial asthma
The Insanity Defense in Cases of Homicide Involving Post-Mortem Dismemberment

Abstract Little is known about the success of the insanity defense in homicide cases involving posthumous dismemberment. Such seemingly bizarre conduct may suggest, at first glance, aberrant mental states. Drawing from a larger study of cases of single or repeat homicide followed by dismemberment on at least one occasion, we examined 38 in which offenders pleaded the insanity defense. These were compared to 30 cases in which no posthumous dismemberment was observed. Cases were drawn from print and online sources, as well as the Radford/Florida Gulf Coast Universities Serial Killer Database (SKD). Various motivations for both homicide and posthumous dismemberment among defendants who attempted to plead Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) were analyzed. The most common style of mutilation and dismemberment observed was aggressive, occurring in the context of excessive emotion, such as rage or acute psychosis. Among those in the dismemberment group, 52.6% of the NGRI cases proved successful. In comparison, 33.3% of the NGRI cases were successful among those in the non-dismemberment group. A relationship between NGRI outcomes and motive for homicide was observed in both comparison groups. Our findings suggest that posthumous dismemberment may be an important characterological description in homicide offending, representing murderous impulses that may help to identify a sub-group of homicide offenders. Examination of posthumous dismemberment vis-a-vis NGRI verdicts also helps elucidate the degree to which posthumous dismemberment is, at least in some cases, a psychopathology-driven action.
Emerging low-dimensional materials for mid-infrared detection

Mid-infrared (IR) detectors based on the emerging low-dimensional (two-dimensional and quasi one-dimensional) materials offer unique characteristics including large bandgap tunability, optical polarization sensitivity and integrability with typical silicon process, which are not available in the mid-IR detectors based on traditional compound semiconductors. Here, we review the recent progress in study of mid-IR detectors based on the low-dimensional materials, including black phosphorus, black arsenic phosphorus, tellurene and BaTiS3, from the perspectives of crystal structure, material synthesis, optical properties, and the detector characteristics. The detector gain and detectivity are benchmarked, and the unique properties, such as the polarization sensitivity, are discussed. We also provide our perspective about key future research directions in this field.
Positionality Statements in Engineering Education Research: A Look at the Hand that Guides the Methodological Tools

Background: Positionality captures how the researcher is positioned, personally, socially, and politically, in relation to the study’s context. A researcher’s positionality influences each step of the project, which makes it a critical component to make visible in publications. Purpose: The purpose of this research article is to explore current considerations of positionality in engineering education research by highlighting example statements across journals and modes of inquiry. We considered qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches to engaging with questions of interest to the field. Design/Method: We surveyed three journals in the field of engineering education: The Journal of Engineering Education (JEE), the International Journal of Engineering Education (IJEE), and the European Journal of Engineering Education (EJEE) in the timeframe of 2008–2020. We used search terms from the Engineering Education Research Taxonomy as a starting point for searching each journal and pulling abstracts to begin parsing relevant articles, including a direct search for positionality. The direct search results were narrowed down by appending personal pronouns to positionality-oriented language, such as “lens,” “perspective,” and “experience.” We found 15 examples of positionality statements, which we categorized based upon their content in relation to their study’s context and where the statement appeared in the manuscript. Results: Explicit positionality statements were sparse across the reviewed journals. The few positionality statements we could locate exhibited three main approaches: disclosing identities, disclosing experience and opportunities, and disclosing journeys. We draw particular attention to the language used in the positionality statements to highlight differences in writing style and the relative space dedicated to discussing issues of positionality in the example publications. Conclusions: A degree of vulnerability is needed for a researcher to construct positionality statements for their work, which is shared publicly with a research community. Reflection, accountability, and admission of lessons learned are not readily discussed across engineering education research. Accordingly, we offer suggestions and raise questions for the broader community to engage with their—often unstated or underemphasized—influences in the research process, especially with quantitative approaches.
LOW-HARM score predicted mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Mexico.

SOURCE CITATION: Soto-Mota A, Marfil-Garza BA, Martinez Rodriguez E, et al. The low-harm score for predicting mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19: a multicentric validation study. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2020;1:1436-43. 33230506.
Impact of age and frailty markers on overall survival among hospitalized patients with lung cancer treated with immunotherapy.

e21151Background: Although predictive of chemotherapy toxicity, geriatric assessment measures are not systematically collected in clinical practice and may or may not be predictive for immune-relat...
The all-E. coliTXTL toolbox 3.0: new capabilities of a cell-free synthetic biology platform.

The new generation of cell-free gene expression systems enables the prototyping and engineering of biological systems in vitro over a remarkable scope of applications and physical scales. As the utilization of DNA-directed in vitro protein synthesis expands in scope, developing more powerful cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) platforms remains a major goal to either execute larger DNA programs or improve cell-free biomanufacturing capabilities. In this work, we report the capabilities of the all-E. coli TXTL toolbox 3.0, a multipurpose cell-free expression system specifically developed for synthetic biology. In non-fed batch-mode reactions, the synthesis of the fluorescent reporter protein eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) reaches 4 mg/ml. In synthetic cells, consisting of liposomes loaded with a TXTL reaction, eGFP is produced at concentrations of >8 mg/ml when the chemical building blocks feeding the reaction diffuse through membrane channels to facilitate exchanges with the outer solution. The bacteriophage T7, encoded by a genome of 40 kb and ∼60 genes, is produced at a concentration of 1013 PFU/ml (plaque forming unit/ml). This TXTL system extends the current cell-free expression capabilities by offering unique strength and properties, for testing regulatory elements and circuits, biomanufacturing biologics or building synthetic cells.
Objective Scoring of Physiologically Induced Dyspnea by Non-invasive RF Sensors.

Objective Dyspnea, also known as the patients feeling of difficult or labored breathing, is one of the most common symptoms for respiratory disorders. Dyspnea is usually self-reported by patients using, for example, the Borg scale from 0 10, which is however subjective and problematic for those who refuse to cooperate or cannot communicate. The objective of this paper was to develop a learning-based model that can evaluate the correlation between the self-report Borg score and the respiratory metrics for dyspnea induced by exertion and increased airway resistance. Methods A non-invasive wearable radio-frequency sensor by near-field coherent sensing was employed to retrieve continuous respiratory data with user comfort and convenience. Self-report dyspnea scores and respiratory features were collected on 32 healthy participants going through various physical and breathing exercises. A machine learning model based on the decision tree and random forest then produced an objective dyspnea score. Results For unseen data as well as unseen participants, the objective dyspnea score can be in reasonable agreement with the self-report score, and the importance factor of each respiratory metrics can be assessed. Conclusion An objective dyspnea score can potentially complement or substitute the self-report for physiologically induced dyspnea. Significance The method can potentially formulate a baseline for clinical dyspnea assessment and help caregivers track dyspnea continuously, especially for patients who cannot report themselves.
When do performance management practices improve firm performance? The role of stakeholder groups

This paper examines the firm-level outcome of performance management practices. Using a Korean firm-level panel data from 2007 to 2017, this study tests the main effect of performance management pr...
Transforming a Simple Structure Model to Represent a Complex Dynamic System with Unknown Boundary Restraints

Imposing a boundary condition on a structure can significantly alter its dynamic properties. However, sometimes the specifics of the new boundary conditions are not known. When the effects of a boundary condition are uncertain or there is not enough information, engineers need to excite the complex structure to obtain these modified properties. In order to experimentally obtain the new properties, engineers need multiple experiments and many outputs for interpolation in order to sufficiently represent the entire structure. The researchers attached a stinger to a cantilever beam, acting as a new transverse restraint of unknown properties. This paper presents a conversion expression that predicts the dynamic behavior of any point in the system with the new boundary condition. This expression relies only on one impact hammer experiment with one output and the model of the stinger-free cantilever beam, referred to as the simple structure. Researchers estimated the Transfer Function (TRF) of the beam and compared it with an experimentally measured TRF to validate the method. The mean absolute error of the estimated TRF compared to the experimental TRF is 1.99 dB. This demonstrates the use of the proposed method for estimating unmeasured TRFs in a system with an uncertain boundary condition using a single input, single output (SISO) test and a model of the simple structure.
Integrating technology assessment into government technology policy

There is little question that we face substantial challenges in the 21st century: climate change, disease, poverty, natural resource depletion and degradation, war and terrorism — the list goes on. Emerging technologies will likely be integral in resolving or mitigating many of these challenges; prominent examples include renewable energy technologies, green chemistry, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and informatics. Government policies often play a significant or even central role in advancing the development and diffusion of such technologies. Yet, these policies typically fail to account for the unintended adverse health, environmental, social and other consequences that may flow from those technologies. This chapter starts with the premise that the United States’ technology policy ought to integrate principles of protection and promotion so as to ensure the availability of truly beneficial technologies. It examines the extent to which this integration can be accomplished through technology assessment at the legislative stage of policy formulation. For these purposes, technology assessment refers to the systematic assessment and evaluation of the positive and negative impacts of an ostensibly beneficial technology. Technology assessment has a decades-long history, starting primarily in the United States and more recently establishing itself in Europe. It takes many forms, not all of which will be appropriate for use in legislative settings in the United States.After some definitional matters regarding the notion of technological change, the chapter turns to two specific aspects of government technology policy. Promotional policies actively support the development and use of emerging technologies through research funding, direct subsidies and other strategies. Regulatory policies create a demand for emerging technologies by removing market competitors, creating a need for the emerging technology, or even requiring its use. Next, the chapter examines the problem of unintended consequences by identifying potential causes and exploring the historical example of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and the Clean Air Act. The chapter then briefly surveys the field of technology assessment, and considers how it could mitigate the problem of unintended consequences in the legislative setting. It concludes that, given the institutional structure and dynamics of Congress, technology assessment can address some, but not all, causes of such unintended consequences.
Characterization of Serologically Dominant Outer Membrane Proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Abstract The proteins of the outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae play an important role in the serotyping system defined by K. H. Johnston et al. (J. Exp. Med. 143:741–758, 1976). This study attempted to delineate the molecular arrangement of the major proteins of the outer membrane of the gonococcus by using three approaches. First, natural protein-protein relationships were demonstrated by symmetrical, two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Second, proteins exposed on the surface of outer membrane vesicles were cross-linked by using the bifunctional reagents dimethyl-3,3′-dithiobispropionimidate and dithiobis[succinimidyl propionate]. Third, specific antigen-antibody interactions on the surface of membrane vesicles were analyzed by radioautographic techniques. The major proteins of the outer membrane of the gonococcus were defined, and a nomenclature was devised to take into account the effects of heat and reducing agents on the resolution of these proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results of cross-linking experiments strongly suggest that two of the major proteins of the gonococcal outer membrane (proteins 1 and 3) form a hydrophobically associated trimeric unit in situ which can be stabilized by selective cross-linking reagents. Results substantiated that these proteins are responsible for imparting serotypic specificity.
The Feminist Appropriation of Matriarchal Myth in the 19th and 20th Centuries

Beginning in 1861 with the publication of Das Mutterrecht (Motherright) by the Swiss legal scholar Johann Jakob Bachofen, there has been a continuous interest in the theory that prehistoric societies were matriarchal or at least woman-centered, only to be disrupted by the assumption of male power, usually around 3000 BCE. This idea has been enormously appealing to feminists, particularly in late-twentieth-century America. In some feminist circles, what I have called the myth of matriarchal prehistory has reigned as political dogma; in others it has provided food for thought; while in yet others it has served as the basis of a new religion. This article describes the ways in which first and second wave feminists respectively have adapted matriarchal myth to their political needs and disseminated it to a wider audience.
Expansion of a Direct Simulation-Based Study of Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean

Abstract : The objective of the project is to apply advanced physics-based computational prediction capabilities, for oceanic radiative transfer, surface wave dynamics and near surface turbulence, to further understand the characteristics and obtain modeling parameterizations of underwater radiance in realistic ocean environments by making use of the field measurements obtained in the ONR RaDyO project. The focus of the research is on direct quantitative comparisons and cross validations and calibrations of the model predictions and the field measurements of surface wave features and underwater radiance properties.
RatBot: anti-enumeration peer-to-peer botnets

As evidenced by the recent botnet turf war between SpyEye and Zeus, the cyber space has been witnessing an increasing number of battles or wars involving botnets among different groups, organizations, or even countries. One important aspect of a cyber war is accurately estimating the attack capacity of the enemy. Particularly, each party in a botnet war would be interested in knowing how many compromised machines his adversaries possess. Towards this end, a technique often adopted is to infiltrate into an adversary's botnet and enumerate observed bots through active crawling or passive monitoring methods. In this work, we study potential tactics that a botnet can deploy to protect itself from being enumerated. More specifically, we are interested in how a botnet owner can bluff the botnet size in order to intimidate the adversary, gain media attention, or win a contract. We introduce RatBot, a P2P botnet that is able to defeat existing botnet enumeration methods. The key idea of RatBot is the existence of a fraction of bots that are indistinguishable from their fake identities. RatBot prevents adversaries from inferring its size even after its executables are fully exposed. To study the practical feasibility of RatBot, we implement it based on KAD, and use large-scale high-fidelity simulation to quantify the estimation errors under diverse settings. The results show that a naive enumeration technique can significantly overestimate the sizes of P2P botnets. We further present a few countermeasures that can potentially defeat RatBot's anti-enumeration scheme.
Bilateral traumatic optic nerve avulsion in a Thoroughbred gelding

Summary This report describes an unusual case of acute blindness following traumatic head injury in a mature horse. The horse fell over backwards and subsequently presented with bilateral blindness and epistaxis. Vision did not return following medical supportive therapy and euthanasia was elected. Post mortem findings revealed a basisphenoid fracture and bilateral optic nerve avulsion rostral to the optic chiasm, an uncommon presentation of traumatic blindness not previously reported in the horse.
Human mast cell tryptase activates single-chain urinary-type plasminogen activator (pro-urokinase)

Human lung mast cell tryptase is a trypsin-like serine proteinase that is stored in mast cell granules and released by activated mast cells. Here we report that mast cell tryptase is a potent activator of single-chain urinary-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA, or prourokinase), the zymogen form of urinary-type plasminogen activator (u-PA). Activation was complete within 75 min using an enzyme:substrate molar ratio of 1:50 and was accompanied by cleavage of scu-PA at Lys158-Ile159, generating active two-chain u-PA. The reaction was dependent on enzyme concentration and obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Kinetic constants calculated for scu-PA activation by mast cell tryptase are Km = 34 microM, Vmax = 3.6 pmol of u-PA/min, and kcat = 0.08 s-1. These data suggest that tryptase from tumor-associated mast cells may participate in the activation of scu-PA.
Chapter 3 Small-Molecule Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Recent Progress and Future Directions

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the recent progress in the development of small-molecule protein–protein interaction inhibitors that have applications in expanding the mechanistic understanding of neurodegenerative diseases, which can potentially lead to the development of rational therapeutics. Substantial genetic and physiological evidence suggest that the A β plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. A β is a 39-to 42-aminoacid peptide derived from the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by secretases. Gradual changes in the steady-state levels of A β in the brain are thought to initiate the amyloid cascade. The chapter makes two general assumptions regarding the inhibition mechanism of amyloid protein fibril formation by small molecules: (1) specific structural conformation is necessary for β -sheet interaction and stabilization of the inhibition-protein complex and (2) aromatic interaction between the inhibitor molecule and the aromatic residues in the amyloidogenic sequence, potential “hotspots,” may direct the inhibitor to the amyloidogenic core blocking the protein–protein interaction. These assumptions are highly relevant for future design of small-molecule inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the treatment of amyloid-associated diseases.
Maltooligosaccharides from JEG-3 trophoblast-like cells exhibit immunoregulatory properties.

Citation Zhu A, Romero R, Huang J-B, Clark A, Petty HR. Maltooligosaccharides from JEG-3 trophoblast-like cells exhibit immunoregulatory properties. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 54–64 Problem To better understand the immunoregulatory properties of trophoblasts, we have searched for small immunologically active carbohydrates derived from intact trophoblast-like cells. Method of study Using solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC and mass spectrometry methods, we have characterized a low molecular weight carbohydrate-rich fraction associated with JEG-3 cells. We have also tested the bioactivities of selected authentic oligosaccharides found in the oligosaccharide fraction. Results The most abundant components of the low molecular weight carbohydrate-rich fraction were maltotriose and maltotetraose, with detectable amounts of maltopentaose. When authentic maltooligosaccharides were tested using lymphocytes, IL-2 inhibition was observed. This activity was dependent upon the number of saccharide subunits, stereochemistry, and concentration. To further test maltooligosaccharide properties, maltopentose was attached to glass cover slips. Although spontaneous neutrophil motility was observed on unmodified and control surfaces, it was inhibited on maltooligosaccharide-derivatized surfaces. Conclusion Maltooligosaccharides are associated with the trophoblast’s surface where they may exhibit immunoregulatory activities.
Intensities of the Martian N2 electron‐impact excited dayglow emissions

[1] The first N2 emissions in the Martian dayglow were detected by the SPICAM UV spectrograph on board the Mars Express spacecraft. Intensities of the (0,5) and (0,6) Vegard-Kaplan bands were found to be about one third of those predicted more than 35 years ago. The Vegard-Kaplan band system arises from the transition from the lowest N2 triplet state (A3Σu+;v′) to the electronic ground state (X1Σg+;v″). It is excited in the Martian dayglow by direct electron-impact excitation of the ground N2(X) state to the A state and by excitation to higher triplet states that populate the A state by cascading. Using revised data, we compute here updated intensities of several of the bands in the N2 triplet systems and those involving the a1Πg state, the upper state of the Lyman-Birge-Hopfield bands. We find that the predicted limb intensities for the (0,5) and (0,6) Vegard-Kaplan bands are consistent with the measured values.
Seed Dormancy in Red Rice (Oryza sativa) (IX. Embryo Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate during Dormancy Breaking and Subsequent Germination)

Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-bisP) was evaluated as a potential marker for the dormancy-breaking phase or the germination phase before pericarp splitting in red rice (Oryza sativa). During 4 h of imbibition at 30[deg]C, Fru-2,6-bisP of dehulled dormant and nondormant seeds increased to 0.26 and 0.38 pmol embryo-1, respectively. In nondormant seeds, embryo Fru-2,6-bisP content remained stable until the onset of pericarp splitting (12 h) and increased rapidly thereafter. In dormant seeds, Fru-2,6-bisP declined to 0.09 pmol embryo-1 at 24 h. Embryo Fru-2,6-bisP was correlated with O2 uptake of dormant and nondormant seeds. A 24-h exposure of dehulled, water-imbibed, dormant seeds to treatments yielding >90% germination (sodium nitrite [4 mM], propionic acid [22 mM], methyl propionate [32 mM], propanol [75 mM], and propionaldehyde [40 mM]) led to changes in embryo Fru-2,6-bisP that were unrelated to the final germination percentages. Furthermore, a 2-h pulse of propionaldehyde increased Fru-2,6-bisP 4-fold but did not break dormancy. Whereas nitrite and propionaldehyde increased Fru-2,6-bisP to 0.33 pmol embryo-1 after 2 h of contact, propionic acid and methyl propionate did not increase Fru-2,6-bisP above the untreated control. In all cases, further increases in Fru-2,6-bisP occurred after pericarp splitting. However, the plateau Fru-2,6-bisP attained during chemical contact was inversely correlated with elapsed time to 30% germination (r = -0.978). Therefore, although Fru-2,6-bisP is not a universal marker for dormancy release, its rapid increase during nitrite and propionaldehyde treatments suggests that events associated with dormancy breaking can occur within 2 h of chemical treatment.
Effect of menstrual cycle phase on exercise performance of high-altitude native women at 3600 m.

At sea level normally menstruating women show increased ventilation (VE) and hemodynamic changes due to increased progesterone (P) and estrogen (E2) levels during the mid-luteal (L) compared to the mid-follicular (F) phase of the ovarian cycle. Such changes may affect maximal exercise performance. This repeated-measures, randomized study, conducted at 3600 m, tests the hypothesis that a P-mediated increase in VE increases maximal oxygen consumption (V(O(2)max)) during the L phase relative to the F phase in Bolivian women, either born and raised at high altitude (HA), or resident at HA since early childhood. Subjects (N=30) enrolled in the study were aged 27.7 +/- 0.7 years (mean +/- S.E.M.) and non-pregnant, non-lactating, relatively sedentary residents of La Paz, Bolivia, who were not using hormonal contraceptives. Mean salivary P levels at the time of the exercise tests were 63.3 pg ml(-1) and 22.9 pg ml(-1) for the L and F phases, respectively. Subset analyses of submaximal (N=23) and maximal (N=13) exercise responses were conducted only with women showing increased P levels from F to L and, in the latter case, with those also achieving true (V(O(2)max)). Submaximal exercise VE and ventilatory equivalents were higher in the L phase (P<0.001). P levels were significantly correlated to the submaximal exercise VE (r=0.487, P=0.006). Maximal work output (W) was higher (approximately 5 %) during the L phase (P=0.044), but (V(O(2)max)) (l min(-1)) was unchanged (P=0.063). Post-hoc analyses revealed no significant relationship between changes in P levels and changes in (V(O(2)max))) from F to L (P=0.072). In sum, the menstrual cycle phase has relatively modest effects on ventilation, but no effect on (V(O(2)max)) of HA native women.
Developing a passion for work passion: Future directions on an emerging construct

Summary Although the passion that people demonstrate at work would appear to be a topic of considerable interest and importance to organizational scholars and practitioners, we know virtually nothing about it. In response, we introduce the work passion construct, discuss what we currently understand, and provide needed directions for future research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
USING META-ANALYSIS TO COMPARE THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF SINGLE-AND- MULTIPLE-TASK MEASURES TO FLIGHT PERFORMANCE.

The predictive validity of multiple-task measures (performance measures obtained when an individual performs two or more tasks concurrently) to flight performance has been frequently questioned because it is usually low and often appears to be no better than the validity of the corresponding single-task measures. Meta-analyses conducted on the results of 14 studies demonstrated that the effect sizes associated with both single- and multiple-task measures were both statistically different from 0.0, with the effect size for the multiple-task measures statistically greater than that of the corresponding single-task measures. However, the corresponding predictive validities were low, and the usefulness of both measures is examined
Relation between pole assignment and optimal output feedback

Using output feedback, the authors demonstrate a connection between pole assignment technique and optimal output feedback. There exist common Lyapunov functions relating two closed-loop systems synthesized by each method. From this property, they derive a theorem that makes it possible to relocate the poles optimally using pole assignment. >
Persuasive writing in children, adolescents, and adults: a study of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic development.

Purpose: Persuasive writing is a demanding task that requires the use of complex language to analyze, discuss, and resolve controversies in a way that is clear, convincing, and considerate of diverse points of view. This investigation examined selected aspects of later language development in the context of persuasive writing. The purpose of the study was to obtain current information that could be used to design collaborative instruction involving speech-language pathologists and classroom teachers. In schools today, these professionals often work closely together to facilitate students' language development, including their ability to write persuasively. Method: Persuasive writing was investigated in typically developing children, adolescents, and adults (N = 180) whose mean ages were 11, 17, and 24 years, respectively. Each participant wrote an essay on the controversial topic of animals being trained to perform in circuses. Following this, the essays were examined in detail, focusing on selected aspects of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic development. Results: Performance improved in each of these domains
A Dataflow-Based Scientific Workflow Composition Framework

Scientific workflow has recently become an enabling technology to automate and speed up the scientific discovery process. Although several scientific workflow management systems (SWFMSs) have been developed, a formal scientific workflow composition model in which workflow constructs are fully compositional one with another is still missing. In this paper, we propose a dataflow-based scientific workflow composition framework consisting of (1) a dataflow-based scientific workflow model that separates the declaration of the workflow interface from the definition of its functional body; (2) a set of workflow constructs, including Map, Reduce, Tree, Loop, Conditional, and Curry, which are fully compositional one with another; (3) a dataflow-based exception handling approach to support hierarchical exception propagation and user-defined exception handling. Our workflow composition framework is unique in that workflows are the only operands for composition; in this way, our approach elegantly solves the two-world problem in existing composition frameworks, in which composition needs to deal with both the world of tasks and the world of workflows. The proposed framework is implemented and several case studies are conducted to validate our techniques.