cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer Games and Simulations as Tools to Reach and Engage Adolescents in Health Promotion Activities

Summary Computer games and simulations were used extensively in a comprehensive health promotion for adolescents. These strategies were used to attract adolescents to BARN (Body Awareness Resource Network), as well as helping to hold interest. In each of the six topic areas (AIDS, Alcohol and Other Drags, Body Management, Human Sexuality, Smoking and Stress Management) quiz games challenged users to test their knowledge on a topic. Simulations challenges users to apply health information in hypothetical situations. Games were a more important factor in selection of BARN for younger users than for older users. BARN game users were not more likely than non-game users to be isers of other computer or video games, nor did game users engage in more risk taking behaviors (e.g., alcohol and other drugs) than non-game users.
Using AMBER18 for Relative Free Energy Calculations.

With renewed interest in free energy methods in contemporary structure-based drug design, there is a pressing need to validate against multiple targets and force fields to assess the overall ability of these methods to accurately predict relative binding free energies. We computed relative binding free energies using graphics processing unit accelerated thermodynamic integration (GPU-TI) on a data set originally assembled by Schrodinger, Inc. Using their GPU free energy code (FEP+) and the OPLS2.1 force field combined with the REST2 enhanced sampling approach, these authors obtained an overall MUE of 0.9 kcal/mol and an overall RMSD of 1.14 kcal/mol. In our study using GPU-TI from AMBER with the AMBER14SB/GAFF1.8 force field but without enhanced sampling, we obtained an overall MUE of 1.17 kcal/mol and an overall RMSD of 1.50 kcal/mol for the 330 perturbations contained in this data set. A more detailed analysis of our results suggested that the observed differences between the two studies arise from differences in sampling protocols along with differences in the force fields employed. Future work should address the problem of establishing benchmark quality results with robust statistical error bars obtained through multiple independent runs and enhanced sampling, which is possible with the GPU-accelerated features in AMBER.
Organocobalt Cluster Complexes. XXIII. Clemmenszn and Borane Reductions of Acyl-and Vinylic Methylidynetri-Cobalt Nonacarbonyl Complexes

Abstract The Clemmensen reduction is an effective means of converting acyl- and vinylic methylidynetricobalt nona-carbonyl complexes to the corresponding saturated alkylidynetricobalt nonacarbonyl when it is carried out in nonaqueous medium. Diborane in tetrahydrofuran reacts with acyl-substituted cobalt clusters to give a mixture of the corresponding alcohol and alkyl complexes in which the latter predominates.
Involvement of p53 in the Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks: Multifaceted Roles of p53 in Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) and Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ)

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that prevents oncogenic transformation and maintains genomic stability by blocking proliferation of cells harboring unrepaired or misrepaired DNA. A wide range of genotoxic stresses such as DNA damaging anti-cancer drugs and ionizing radiation promote nuclear accumulation of p53 and trigger its ability to activate or repress a number of downstream target genes involved in various signaling pathways. This cascade leads to the activation of multiple cell cycle checkpoints and subsequent cell cycle arrest, allowing the cells to either repair the DNA or undergo apoptosis, depending on the intensity of DNA damage. In addition, p53 has many transcription-independent functions, including modulatory roles in DNA repair and recombination. This chapter will focus on the role of p53 in regulating or influencing the repair of DNA double-strand breaks that mainly includes homologous recombination repair (HRR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Through this discussion, we will try to establish that p53 acts as an important linchpin between upstream DNA damage signaling cues and downstream cellular events that include repair, recombination, and apoptosis.
The Five-Factor Fama-French Model: International Evidence

In this paper, I examine the five-factor model in 23 developed stock markets. Using the firm level data from July 1992 to December 2014, I form the 25 size-book to market, the 25 size-gross profitability (GP), and the 25 size-investment (Inv) portfolios. I use three factor, four factor and five factor models to explain the returns on these portfolios using regional as well as global factors. I find that the results for the five-factor model in North America, Europe, and Global markets are similar to the results for the U.S. stock market. But the results for gross profitability (GP) and investment (Inv.) suggest that these two new factors either do not add any explanatory power or are much weaker in Japan and Asia Pacific portfolios. The results also suggest that regional models perform much better than global models. This may imply that markets are still not fully integrated. With inclusion of the two new factors, the value factor still remains significant in all regions in contrast to the US market results.
Enabling fast charging of lithium-ion batteries through secondary- /dual- pore network: Part I - Analytical diffusion model

Abstract Battery performance is strongly correlated with electrode microstructural properties. Enabling fast charging of lithium-ion batteries requires improved through-plane ionic diffusion that can be achieved through, among other strategies, structured electrodes with a secondary- or dual-pore network (SPN). In this work, an analytical model investigates the impact of such an SPN on ionic diffusion with a composite electrode, considering various pore-channel geometries and comparing to standard electrodes with identical gravimetric- and volumetric-specific theoretical capacities. Relevant SPN design parameters and tortuosity coefficients are identified according to three optimization objectives that aim to balance the improved overall through-plane diffusion, thanks to the coarse aligned channels, and degraded in-plane diffusion because of the porous matrix densification required to maintain gravimetric- and volumetric-specific theoretical capacities. The model indicates that a relatively low amount of SPN is required and that electrodes with high through-plane tortuosity and low in-plane tortuosity benefit most from such architecture.
Protection and Isolation of Bioorthogonal Metal Catalysts by Using Monolayer-Coated Nanozymes

We demonstrate here the protection of biorthogonal transition metal catalysts (TMCs) in biological environments by using self-assembled monolayers on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Encapsulation of TMCs in this hydrophobic environment preserves catalytic activity in presence of pH conditions and complex biological media that would deactivate free catalyst. Significantly, the protection affords by these nanozymes extends to isolation of the catalyst active site, as demonstrated by the independence of rate over a wide pH range, in strong contrast to the behavior of the free catalyst.
Numerical study of the chemo-mechanical behavior of FEBEX bentonite in nuclear waste disposal based on the Barcelona expansive model

Abstract Experimental studies show that compacted bentonite used as a backfill material for nuclear waste repository experiences strong coupling between chemical and mechanical processes. In this paper, we use a dual-structure expansive soil model, referred to as the Barcelona Expansive Model (BExM), to predict the behavior of bentonite buffer in subsurface emplacement tunnels for high-level radioactive waste. After emplacement, the bentonite is subjected to complex and coupled Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) processes. The BExM constitutive model is implemented in a multi-phase reactive transport and geomechanics simulator, TOUGHREACT-FLAC3D, and the model is verified with one benchmark test on FEBEX bentonite. We utilize a one-way Chemo-Mechanical (C-M) coupling approach, in which chemical changes affect the mechanical behavior of bentonite through the BExM linked with the evolution of mass fraction of smectite, exchangeable cation concentration, and ionic strength via osmotic suction. The parameters of the new coupled model for FEBEX bentonite are calibrated against a series of laboratory experiments with various salinity solutions. Finally, coupled THMC modeling is conducted for a generic argillite repository with bentonite buffer under high temperature, focusing on the long-term chemical change and its effect on the mechanical process.
The Siege: Religious-Inspired Actors and CBRN Weapons

Only a few studies on CBRN terrorism have ever been conducted empirically. To build on this scant literature, this study draws on a novel dataset—the CBRN Terrorism Dataset (CTD). Binary logistic r...
Mitral Valve Prolapse and Its Motley Crew‐Syndromic Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Progression of a Common Heart Condition

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a commonly occurring heart condition defined by enlargement and superior displacement of the mitral valve leaflet(s) during systole. Although commonly seen as a standalone disorder, MVP has also been described in case reports and small studies of patients with various genetic syndromes. In this review, we analyzed the prevalence of MVP within syndromes where an association to MVP has previously been reported. We further discussed the shared biological pathways that cause MVP in these syndromes, as well as how MVP in turn causes a diverse array of cardiac and noncardiac complications. We found 105 studies that identified patients with mitral valve anomalies within 18 different genetic, developmental, and connective tissue diseases. We show that some disorders previously believed to have an increased prevalence of MVP, including osteogenesis imperfecta, fragile X syndrome, Down syndrome, and Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, have few to no studies that use up-to-date diagnostic criteria for the disease and therefore may be overestimating the prevalence of MVP within the syndrome. Additionally, we highlight that in contrast to early studies describing MVP as a benign entity, the clinical course experienced by patients can be heterogeneous and may cause significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Currently only surgical correction of MVP is curative, but it is reserved for severe cases in which irreversible complications of MVP may already be established; therefore, a review of clinical guidelines to allow for earlier surgical intervention may be warranted to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with MVP.
"Out of Sight": Nuclear Medicine, Eye Strain and Teleradiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2055 Objectives: Digital eye strain (DES) or computer vision syndrome is a term used to describe a constellation of visual problems arising from prolonged digital screen exposure. Radiologists have long been vulnerable to this occupational hazard given the extended hours spent behind digital screens reviewing images. Given that excellent visual acuity is perhaps the most important requirement a nuclear physician must possess in order to effectively analyze images, it is important to shed light on this growing health concern, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: During the COVID-19 pandemic imaging became even more crucial in diagnosing and managing clinical conditions. Due to the high risk of exposure, shortages in personal-protective equipment and increasing healthcare burnout, the amount of time providers spent obtaining histories and examining patients decreased significantly. Consequently, imaging became central in helping clinicians in reaching diagnoses and tailoring patient treatment plans accordingly. In 2020, imaging in the emergency department setting increased to 42% from 39% in 2019, whereas inpatient imaging increased from 24% to 33% in 2020. The unpredictability of the COVID disease course resulted in more emergent imaging being ordered by clinicians, which put additional strain on radiologists to increase turnaround time to help provide answers. Results: There has also been a shift towards Teleradiology during the COVID-19 pandemic with more nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists working remotely or from home. Although telemedicine has helped decrease risk of COVID 19 exposure, it has resulted in fewer in person interactions with consultants, as well as with radiology residents at academic institutions. Conclusions: Utilizing videoconferencing services has become the new norm and has resulted in increased digital screen time. During these unprecedented times, nuclear medicine physicians and radiologists should be more cognizant of DES and focus on measures to help mitigate its potential long-term effects such as by taking frequent breaks, using appropriate lighting, adjusting image settings and utilizing artificial tears.
A WorldView-3 multispectral glint correction methodology and relation to hyperspectral signatures in space coast Florida waters

The type of bottom resting below the water surface may be difficult to be determined due to the contamination of pixels by glint in satellite reflectance imagery. A nearest neighbor non-glint pixel search algorithm was written in Python to correct glint contaminated pixels. An algorithm was then utilized to estimate water visibility and to analyze the results of the glint corrected pixels by using light attenuation depths and attenuation coefficients based upon glint corrected satellite reflectance in the WorldView-3 (WV-3) image channels. The aforementioned correction was undertaken for sand, mud, and seagrass bottom types. The results suggest that it is possible to estimate attenuation depths (a measure of water visibility).
Harmonization of regulations can reduce burdens without impairing safety

Different equipment and tests needed to meet differing safety regulations in countries throughout the world can increase the cost of motor vehicles and, indeed, prevent the marketing of some vehicles if the volumes are small. Harmonization of many of these regulations can minimize these costs without adversely affecting safety. This paper describes the regulatory bodies in the United States and Europe which develop regulations, and whose deliberations can lead to harmonizing the differences in their existing regulations. The costs associated with certain regulations (from the US viewpoint) such as exterior lighting, rear view mirrors, and safety belts is defined. Suggestions for human factors research and the analysis of accident statistics to demonstrate that harmonization of regulations will maintain safety value are presented. The paper closes with a brief discussion of certification and a recommendation for manufacturer's certification.
The Plasticity of Taste Function Links the Appetitive Taste of Fats with Obesity

Introduction Obesity is rapidly becoming one of the most important medical issues of our time. The effects of obesity are broad and complex. As obesity is fundamentally associated with the foods that we eat, recent interest has arisen into the possibility that our taste buds may be in some way affected by metabolic influences arising from a state of obesity. Obesity does in fact engender a number of changes on the taste system. Many studies suggest that taste is weakened in the obese, particularly the taste for dietary fats. This in some senses is confounded by the broad and inherent genetic variation in taste; however, evidence is growing to support this hypothesis. A limited causal linkage establishes whether obesity causes taste impairment, or vice versa.
No Significant Difference--Unless You Are a Jumper.

Much of the e-education literature suggests that there is no significant difference in aggregate student learning outcomes between online and face-to-face instruction. In this study, we develop a model that forecasts the grade that individual students would have most likely earned in the alternate class setting. Students for whom the difference between the actual grade received in one class format (for example, online) and the forecasted grade in the other class setting (for example, face-to-face) is one full letter grade or higher are called “jumpers.” Our findings indicate that jumpers are numerous, suggesting that whereas no significant difference may exist between instruction settings at the aggregate level, at the individual level, the choice between settings matters. These results have important implications for the no significant difference literature and strongly support the need for refined course setting advisement for students.
Endocytosis of Cargo Proteins: LDL

In mammals, water-insoluble cholesterol circulates in the form of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, and must be internalized and de-esterified to enable entry into cellular membrane pools. Mobilization of LDL-derived cholesterol involves receptor-mediated endocytosis of the LDL particle, followed by swift recycling of the transmembrane receptor from endosomes back to the cell surface, but with synchronous movement of the disengaged LDL carrier particle to the lysosome for catabolic processing. Establishing the molecular details of tightly regulated LDL receptor movement within cells has illuminated many fundamental aspects of intracellular vesicular trafficking and, significantly, is tightly associated with human health and disease.
Superconducting properties of A15 phase V--Ir alloys

Previous measurements1,2 on isolated Al5 phase V—Ir samples indicated that the transition temperature T 0 increases with Ir content within the range of compound formation, V75Ir25 to V61Ir39. This is in striking contrast to the usual behavior of A15 alloys that exhibit a sharp maximum in T 0 at the ideal stoichiometric composition represented by A75B25.
Atrial septal defects in elderly patients; report of three patients aged 68, 72 and 78.

Abstract Three cases of atrial septal defect in the elderly are presented and diagnostic criteria are discussed.
Understanding human-human collaboration to guide human-computer interaction design in air traffic control

With increasing sophistication of automation in recent years, interaction between humans and automated systems has shifted from humans using automated tools to humans and automated systems "collaborating" with each other. In designing human-computer interactions in complex systems, researchers have drawn analogies between human-computer interaction and human-human collaboration. Although "collaboration" seemingly implies achieving shared goals between equitable partners, collaboration often involves partners who have different levels of authority and responsibility. One such environment is air traffic control (ATC) operations, in which controllers manage air traffic safely and efficiently with cooperation from pilots. This paper examines the nature of collaboration between controllers and pilots in current and future ATC operations. Key factors that drive human-human collaboration style in ATC are discussed. These factors are applicable to the design of automation and decision support tools in future ATC operations.
Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 Mediates Glioma Cell Growth and Migration

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7) is the only member of the IGFBP superfamily that binds strongly to insulin, suggesting that IGFBP-7 may have different functions from other IGFBPs. Unlike other IGFBPs, the expression and functions of IGFBP-7 in glioma tumors have not been reported. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we found that expression of IGFBP-7 correlated with the grade of glioma tumors and the overall patient survival. This finding was further validated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. We used RNAi to examine the role of IGFBP-7 in glioma cells, inhibiting IGFBP-7 expression by short interfering RNA transfection. Cell proliferation was suppressed after IGFBP-7 expression was inhibited for 5 days, and glioma cell growth was stimulated consistently by the addition of recombinant IGFBP-7 protein. Moreover, glioma cell migration was attenuated by IGFBP-7 depletion but enhanced by IGFBP-7 overexpression and addition. Overexpression of AKT1 in IGFBP-7-overxpressed cells attenuated the IGFBP-7-promoted migration and further enhanced inhibition of IGFBP-7 depletion on the migration. Phosphorylation of AKT and Erk1/2 was also inversely regulated by IGFBP-7 expression. These two factors together suggest that IGFBP-7 can regulate glioma cell migration through the AKT-ERK pathway, thereby playing an important role in glioma growth and migration.
Improved Electronics Reliability Using Thin Film Smart Materials for Mitigating Harsh Vibrational Environment

Microelectromechanical (MEMS) guidance systems currently suffer from severe inaccuracies caused by a critical failure of a MEMS inertial measurement unit (IMU) i.e., the angular rate sensor. This IMU failure is caused by its susceptibility to a harsh extrinsic vibrational environment. This environment, generated from launch, high-G, and/or in-flight vibration forces, causes an out-of-plane motion and/or a false angular rate signal to be generated. This effort will demonstrate a novel enabling technology-materials solution, which will allow guided projectiles to achieve required performance specifications in harsh mechanical vibration environments. We will demonstrate the feasibility of employing active/smart materials for passively damping spurious vibrations of device/die level structures that reduce the accuracy of MEMS inertial guidance systems. This effort will include the design of these efficient energy absorbing materials in thin film form for the first time at the micro-scale level for this purpose with a goal of obtaining > 50% vibration reduction at adverse vibrational frequencies using such composite films. In this work we present a novel approach commensurate with MEMS scale devices to mitigate the effect of spurious vibrations, and which relies on the development of a heterostructure composite bilayer design configuration composed of piezoelectric and shape memory alloy thin films, and the inherent non-linear deformations produced when these materials are mechanically loaded. Validation and verification of this design concept is achieved via continuum mechanics modeling.
Por un enfoque psicobiológico del desarrollo humano

Para entender cabalmente el desarrollo humano, el psicologo debe partir de la biologia funcional y de biologia evolucionista. En el ambito de la primera el estudio del desarrollo es escudrinar como lo que empieza siendo funcionamiento organico acaba convirtiendose en intercambio funcional y comportamiento especifico. Dentro de la perspectiva evolucionista hay que contemplar a la infancia como un periodo d e la vida que posee su propia historia, paralela a la de la especie. Aqui cobra gran importancia la neotenia como matriz de cambios evolutivos y se intuye su trascendencia para la actual configuracion de la especie. La biologia evolucionista recurre al concepto de adaptacion. Es necesario tambien incluirlo en nuestro analisis del comportamiento infantil. Ello no solo porque es una dimension importante del mismo, sino porque este concepto es el eslabon entre la biologia funcional y la evolucionista.
Transport of Ornithine and Citrulline across the Mitochondrial Membrane

Abstract Assay of ornithine transcarbamylase and carbamyl phosphate synthetase I in submitochondrial fractions of rat liver mitochondria shows they are located primarily in the mitochondrial matrix. Therefore during the urea cycle ornithine must pass from the cytoplasm, where it is formed, to the mitochondrial matrix, where it is carbamylated. The resulting citrulline must then pass from the matrix to the cytoplasm before it can be converted to arginine. Osmotic swelling tests show that nonrespiring rat liver mitochondria do not allow the ornithine+ cation, the ornithine zwitterion, or N-acetylornithine to pass into the matrix, regardless of the presence of permeant anions, uncoupling agents, or valinomycin plus K+. However, when state 4 respiration is instituted with succinate as substrate, ornithine+ readily enters the mitochondria if a permeant proton-yielding anion such as phosphate, acetate, or bicarbonate is present. However, the permeant anions nitrate and thiocyanate, which pass the membrane without carrying protons, do not support ornithine+ entry. The respiration-energized unidirectional entry of [14C]ornithine+ is inhibited by respiratory inhibitors, by uncoupling agents, and by valinomycin plus K+, but not by oligomycin. ADP also inhibits ornithine+ entry, presumably by competing for respiratory energy. The driving force for entry of ornithine+ is concluded to be a negative-inside transmembrane potential produced when proton-conducting anions enter mitochondria to relieve the alkaline-inside pH gradient generated by electron transport. It is postulated that the l-ornithine+ cation is transported by a specific electrogenic uniport carrier. This view is supported by (a) the apparent specificity of the system, which transports ornithine+ but not the closely related arginine+ or lysine+, (b) the stereospecificity for the l stereoisomer of ornithine+, and (c) the tissue specificity of ornithine+ transport, which occurs in liver mitochondria but not in those from heart, which cannot synthesize urea. The influx and efflux of citrulline in rat liver mitochondria does not depend on respiratory energy or the presence of permeant anions or cations. Because penetration of citrulline occurs into liver but not into heart mitochondria, it is postulated that citrulline also passes the membrane on a carrier, one specific for certain neutral amino acids.
Replicating Sequencing-Based Association Studies of Rare Variants

Large-scale sequence-based association analysis is a powerful approach to identify rare variants involved in complex trait etiologies. Confirmation of significant findings in stage 1 through replication in an independent stage 2 sample is necessary to avoid reporting spurious results. For gene-based mapping of rare variants, where rare variants within a region are analyzed in aggregate, three replication strategies are possible: (1) variant-based replication, wherein only variants from nucleotide sites uncovered in stage 1 within the gene region are genotyped and followed up; (2) sequence-based replication, wherein the gene region is sequenced in the replication sample and both known and novel variants are tested; and (3) exome-array-based replication, where the identified gene region in the stage 1 sample is followed up using exome arrays in the stage 2 sample. The efficiency of the three strategies is dependent on the proportions of causative variants discovered in stage 1, sequencing/genotyping errors, trait-specific genetic architecture, as well as how many variants within the identified gene region are available for genotyping on the exome array. With rigorous population genetic and phenotypic models, it is demonstrated that sequence-based replication is consistently more powerful than variant- and exome-array-based replication, although the power gain can be small. For variant-based replication, if the stage 1 sample consists of several thousands of individuals, a large fraction of causative variant sites can be observed, and even for smaller stage 1 studies, a large proportion of the locus population attributable risk can be explained by the uncovered variants. Exome-array-based replication can have comparable power to the other two approaches if coding variants driving the association are well represented. As a consequence, although sequence-based replication is usually more powerful and also valuable to identify novel potentially causal variants, both variant- and exome-array-based replication can be a viable and cost-effective approach for replicating rare variant associations.
Secondary tensor and supinator muscles of the human proximal radio-ulnar joint.

Abstract A gross anatomical study was made of the human elbow. Three very small muscles were found that are not described in contemporary anatomical publications. A lateral tensor muscle of the annular ligament was observed in seven of every ten cadavers; its action is to tense or pull the annular ligament laterally during supination. A medial tensor muscle of the annular ligament was found in two of every ten cadavers; its action is to tense the annular ligament, pulling it medially and distally, and to assist in supination. An accessory supinator muscle was found in four of ten cadavers; its action is to assist in supination. These muscles would be synergistic to the primary supinator muscles of the radio-ulnar joint.
Do necklace‐style radiotransmitters influence flushing behavior of greater sage‐grouse?

Necklace-style radiotransmitters are widely used in galliform research and management, but their influence on galliform flushing behavior has not been evaluated. We evaluated the hypothesis that greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) with necklace-style radiotransmitters are more likely to flush later within flocks than are their non-collared flock mates, potentially leaving them more vulnerable to predation. During the winters of 2010–2011 and 2011–2012, we flushed 59 sage-grouse flocks containing radiocollared individuals at 5 study areas in southern Idaho. We assessed 1) whether radiocollared birds were more likely to be the last individuals to flush within flocks, and 2) whether they flushed later than the majority of flockmates more often than expected from a random process. Additionally, we quantified the occurrence of a slapping noise that was apparently produced by contact between wings and transmitter antennas in flight. Sage-grouse with radiocollars flushed last during 23% of flush events, which was only slightly less likely than the most likely outcome (20% of flush events). Radiocollared sage-grouse flushed in the last half of flocks during 50% of flush events, which was the most likely outcome given a random process. We detected the wing-slapping noise during 74% of flush events, excluding instances in which ambient noise precluded detection. Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that sage-grouse outfitted with necklace-style radiocollars tend to flush later than non-collared flock mates, but these results should be replicated with independent data before they are considered conclusive. Our observations of the wing-slapping noise warrant further investigation to ensure that transmitters do not produce other biases in research and management efforts. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Metaphit, a proposed phencyclidine receptor acylator: Disruption of mouse motor behavior and absence of PCP antagonist activity

Metaphit, a derivative of phencyclidine (PCP) differing by the meta substitution of an isothiocyanate group on the phenyl ring, was given into the lateral cerebral ventricle of mice alone and as a pretreatment to the subsequent i.p. injection of PCP and pentobarbital. Drug effects on motor performance as an index of neurologic impairment were quantified using the mouse platform test. The ED50 of metaphit to disrupt mouse platform behavior 5 min after i.c.v. administration was 0.48 mumol. An isobolographic analysis indicated that metaphit interacted additively with PCP and pentobarbital. Animals that recovered 24 or 48 hr after a large dose (1 mumol i.c.v.) of metaphit or phenylisothiocyanate, a nonspecific acylating control substance, were then given PCP (18.3 mumol/kg i.p.) or pentobarbital (76.7 mumol/kg i.p.). Both agents enhanced PCP-induced failure of mice to climb to the top of the platform. Metaphit also enhanced pentobarbital-induced failure of mice to climb to the top of the platform. No evidence was obtained that metaphit antagonized the behavioral effects of PCP in mice.
Identification of bovine herpesvirus-1 polypeptides involved in serum neutralization

Abstract Bovine herpesvirus (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus)-infected cell antigens were solubilized with Nonidet P-40. The crude antigen extract was separated by reaction with bovine hyperimmune serum in line immunoelectrophoresis; individual immunoprecipitates were used to immunize rabbits. Rabbit sera possessing serum neutralizing activity were analyzed by reaction with crude antigen extract in immunoprecipitation sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot. Four virus-specified glycopeptides, with molecular weights of 69–75K, 77–81K, 82–92K and 108–115K, appeared to be involved in inducing serum neutralizing antibody.
PP170. Prenatal vitamin C and E supplementation is associated with a reduction in placental abruption and preterm birth in smokers

Introduction Maternal tobacco use increases the incidence of numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, small for gestational age infants, spontaneous preterm birth and placental abruption. Objectives We evaluated the relationship between prenatal vitamin C/E supplementation and perinatal outcomes by maternal smoking status. Methods Secondary analysis of a multicenter trial of vitamin C/E starting at 9–16 weeks in low-risk nulliparous women with singletons. We examined the effect of vitamin supplementation by reported smoker or non-smoker at time of randomization. The primary outcomes were preeclampsia (new onset hypertension and proteinuria) and a composite outcome of severe pregnancy associated hypertension (severe hypertension OR mild or severe hypertension with elevated liver enzymes, elevated serum creatinine, thrombocytopenia, eclamptic seizure, fetal growth restriction, medically indicated preterm birth or perinatal death). Perinatal outcomes included preterm birth and abruption. The Breslow-Day test was used to ascertain whether there was an interaction between smoking status and vitamin supplementation. Results Of 9969 women, 4993 received vitamins C/E and 4976 received placebo. The prevalence of smoking (15.6% overall; 788 vitamin, 763 placebo) was similar in treatment groups. The analysis of vitamin C/E by smoking status for perinatal outcomes is given (Table 1). The effect of prenatal vitamin C/E on the risk preeclampsia or pregnancy associated hypertension composite outcome did not differ by smoking status. Vitamin C/E was protective for placental abruption and preterm birth among smokers. Conclusion The effect of vitamin C/E supplementation on preeclampsia/pregnancy associated hypertension did not differ by smoking status. However, vitamin C/E supplementation was associated with a >40% reduction in placental abruption and >30% reduction in preterm birth among smokers warranting further study. Acknowledgement This project supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant PO1-HD30367 .
COLLIMATION OF FAST WIDE-FIELD TELESCOPES

In this paper, I present a simple technique for collimating the secondary mirror of fast focal ratio wide-field Cassegrain telescopes. This technique minimizes both coma and astigmatism across the field. Because astigmatism is nearly zero on-axis even in a misaligned system, it is necessary to make measurements off-axis. This technique is useful on telescopes corrected for off-axis coma such as Ritchey-Cretien designs and classical Cassegrains with refractive correctors. Proper alignment for astigmatism is especially important in the latter type of telescope where there is no astigmatism across the field in a properly aligned system. The tools required for collimation are a camera that can examine images at several locations at the edge of the field and a secondary mirror that can be controlled in five axes. Also presented are analytic expressions for the amount of field-dependent astigmatism due to miscollimation. The technique is robust enough to collimate telescopes with fixed astigmatism in the telescope primary.
Peculiarities of Development of the Depression State in Rats Characterized by Different Individual/Typological Behavioral Statuses

We examined the development of a depression state induced by long-lasting stressing of rats preliminarily selected according to their active or passive behavior pattern. Stress was induced using a technique of sensory contact with aggressive individuals. The pathologically modified state in animals of the above groups developed according to dissimilar scenarios. As a result, a depressive state similar to anxious depression developed in active animals, while psychoemotional disorders similar to a melancholy-type depression were formed in passive rats. Therefore, the symptomatic heterogeneity of depression is, to a considerable extent, determined by individual/typological peculiarities of behavior (passive vs active) and can be rather clearly identified using the sensory contact technique.
Lead acetate delays rapid postnatal mouse brain and body growth.

Abstract Starting at parturition and continuing until weaning, mothers of five mouse litters received tap water while five others had 10 mg PbAc/ml in their drinking water. The offspring receiving lead from the mothers had significantly lower body weights after the first days of receiving lead; their slowed body growth led to a 2-day delay of onset (usually at 16–18 days) of their last rapid body growth stage. They also had significantly smaller brain weights between age 14 days and weaning (23 days). The onset of rapid brain growth was delayed from its usual onset at 16–18 days to about 22–23 days before rising to about the same value as the control mice at 26 days. Thus, the initial effect on brain growth is decidedly greater than on body growth though brain weight later reaches close to the control value.
Microscopic magnetic resonance elastography (μMRE) applications

Microscopic magnetic resonance elastography (μMRE) is a phase contrast based imaging technique that is capable of mapping the acoustic shear waves resulting from low amplitude cyclic displacement in tissue-like materials. This new technique has proven successful in imaging gel phantoms mimicking soft biological tissues with shear moduli ranging from 0.7 to 40 kPa. The 4-dimensional (4D) spatial-temporal shear wave vector can be measured, which in turn can be used to identify material properties with high spatial resolution. Experiments were conducted using 5 and 10 mm RF saddle coils in the 10 mm vertical imaging bore of an 11.74 Tesla magnet. The field-of-view ranged from 4 to 14 mm, with in plane resolution up to 34 μm x 34 μm and slice thickness up to 100 μm using shear wave excitation of 550 to 580 Hz. In this study, the capability and constraints of μMRE are investigated. The constraints include the range of measured shear moduli, excitation frequency, and minimum physical sample volume. Applications investigated include: 1) late-stage frog oocytes with typical diameter from 1 to 1.5 mm; and 2) tissue engineered constructs at different growth stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) extracted from bone marrow can serve as progenitor cells that differentiate into specific types of tissues such as bone, adipose tissue, cartilage and muscle. μMRE can monitor the growth of such tissues and evaluate their mechanical properties. Also, a silicon-based tissue phantom material (CF-11-2188, Nusil Technologies) is tested in order to address challenges associated with excitation frequency and the dispersive nature of the media.
Injuries to plants from controlled environment contaminants

The use of controlled environments is subject to problems from contaminants emitted from materials of the system and from plants. Many contaminants are difficult to identify because injurious dosages are very low, there is a lack of information on what compounds injure plants, because species and cultivars differ greatly in their sensitivity to injury and injury symptoms often are not distinctive. Plastics have been shown to emit many different volatile compounds. The compound, di-butyl phthalate, contained in certain flexible plastics, has been shown to be very toxic to plants. Other injuries have been produced by caulking compounds and bonded screening. Paints have been shown to release xylene that is toxic to plants. Steam for humidification can cause problems because of hydroxylamines and other compounds added to steam used for heating to control fungal growth in return lines. Mercury, from broken thermometers is a particular problem in growth chambers because small quantities can collect in cracks and slowly volatilize to slow growth of plants. Plants themselves release large quantities of volatile hydrocarbons, with ethylene being the commonly recognized chemical that can be damaging when allowed to accumulate. People release large quantities of carbon dioxide which can cause variations in the rate of growth of plants. Contaminant problems can be controlled through filtering of the air or ventilation with make-up air, however the potential for problems is always present and careful testing should be undertaken with the particular species and cultivars being grown insure that there are no toxic agents altering growth in each particular controlled environment being utilized.
Ruthenium red and violet. III. Fine structure of the plasma membrane and extraneous coats in amoebae (A. proteus and chaos chaos)

Ruthenium violet, closely related to ruthenium red, supplements the ultrastructural knowledge of the plasma membrane complex. Amoebae throughout were handled individually with braking pipettes and were exposed to ruthenium violet alive, during fixation with acrolein and OSO4, or during dehydration. Ruthenium violet was less toxic than ruthenium red but still killed the amoebae. Conventional methods reveal a filamentous layer 2000 A thick, an amorphous layer 150 A thick, and a typical trilaminar plasma membrane (48 A center-to-center). Ruthenium violet binds to the plasma membrane, and to the extraneous coats revealing globules in the filamentous layer. The diameter of the globules decreased according to the stage of processing at which the amoebae first encountered ruthenium violet; they were 1200 A in diameter when amoebae were alive, 600 A in acrolein and 300 A in dehydration. The appearance of the filamentous layer varied when ruthenium violet was replaced by very pure ruthenium red or red containing ruthenium brown (typical of commercial ruthenium red). The globules could be demonstrated without using ruthenium dyes when amoebae were treated after fixation with uranyl acetate or phosphotungstic acid. The relationship of extraneous coats of amoebae is compared with the coats and laminae of animal tissue cells.
Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphate Abnormalities in the Emergency Department

Derangements of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. These minerals have vital roles in the cellular physiology of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems. This article describes the pathophysiology of these mineral disorders. It aims to provide the emergency practitioner with an overview of the diagnosis and management of these disorders.
Morality and sensibility in Kant: Toward a theory of virtue

… an immense gulf is fixed between the domain of the concept of nature, the sensible, and the domain of the concept of freedom, the supersensible, so that no transition from the sensible to the supersensible (and hence by means of the theoretical use of reason) is possible, just as if they were two different worlds. (Kant, Critique of Judgment, §II, 5: 175-6)
Treatment options for nosocomial pneumonia due to MRSA

Nosocomial pneumonia, which includes hospital-acquired pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and health care associated pneumonia, remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The continuing emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as a nosocomial pneumonia pathogen is particularly problematic not only because of its prevalence, but also because antimicrobial resistance is increasingly associated with inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy. As a result, intensivists are faced with the dual goals of providing initial accurate broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage to reduce mortality while minimizing the risk for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. These competing goals can be achieved by using an approach that initially delivers liberal broad-spectrum coverage followed by de-escalation once culture results and serial clinical observations become available. In ventilator-associated pneumonia, linezolid has demonstrated favorable activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA, and is recommended in evidence-based guidelines as an alternative to vancomycin, particularly when MRSA is documented as the etiology.
Control of Silica Exposure in Construction: Scabbling Concrete

(2002). Control of Silica Exposure in Construction: Scabbling Concrete. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene: Vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 809-813.
The effect of banthine and prantal on human thermoregulatory sweating

Thermally stimulated sweating was considerably reduced by all doses of Banthine employed in this study. Prantal was less effective than Banthine but could be used in larger doses, due to its comparative freedom from annoying side effects. Atropine, in relatively small doses, had a high index of anhidrotic effectiveness and safety.
Identifying School Children with Behavior Disorders

Behavioral screening criteria were developed through the collaborative efforts of multidisciplinary professionals to enable teachers to identify school children with behavior disorders within the school setting. The criteria which were developed provide a step towards a practical means of implementing the legislative mandate of PL 94-142 in a medically and psychologically sound manner. An analysis of the criteria presented in the federa guidelines and working criteria proposed by experts in the field is presented. Increased liaison between professionals of all involved disciplines is encouraged for the identification, evaluation, treatment and placement of behavior disorder children. The background and process of developing the criteria is described.
The effects of age, gender, and family history on blood pressure of normotensive college students.

Offspring with a parental history of hypertension are, by some estimates, four times more likely to develop the disease (Corvol et al., 1992). While some studies suggest that an increased risk is observable in eight year old children, others suggest that the increased risk does not become apparent until age 20. This study examined this discrepancy by screening resting blood pressures from 403 young adults. After adjusting for body mass, a significant family history × age × gender interaction (p<.01) suggests that the effect of family history on systolic blood pressure varies by age and gender. The influence of positive family history becomes apparent in males by age 20 and in females by age 22. This relationship may help provide a rationale for interpretation and reconciliation of disparate results in the literature, and clarify our understanding of the etiologic mechanisms responsible for development of essential hypertension.
Muscle regeneration through myostatin inhibition.

Purpose of reviewMyostatin is an endogenous, negative regulator of muscle growth. Selective inhibition of myostatin may have broad clinical utility by improving regeneration in diverse and burdensome muscle disorders. An understanding of this potential is relevant because inhibitors of myostatin hav