cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enumerative and Binomial Sequential Sampling Plans for Soybean Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Soybean

Since the discovery of the soybean aphid,Aphisglycines Matsumura, in midwestern U.S. soybean, Glycine max L., in 2000, the aphid has become a signiÞcant economic pest. Basic information about estimating population density within Þelds is unknown. Therefore, we developed two sampling plans to efÞciently characterize A. glycines densities. Enumerative and binomial sequential plans were developed using 89 data sets collected from 10 commercial Þelds sampled during 2001Ð2003. Re- sampling software was used to validate the enumerative plan on whole plant counts, based on TaylorOs power law parameters (a 9.157 and b 1.543). For research applications, the enumerative plan was modiÞed to provide an actual precision level of 0.10 (SE/x), which resulted in an average sample number of 310 individual plants. For integrated pest management (IPM) purposes, we developed an enumerative plan with an actual precision of 0.25, which resulted in an average sample number of 38 individual plants. For IPM applications, the binomial plan will likely be more practical. Binomial plans were developed using two tally thresholds at Þve action thresholds. Final analysis of the operating characteristic curve for each plan indicated that the tally threshold of 40 aphids per plant, and an action threshold of 0.837 (84% of the plants infested) provided the most correct treat (4%) and no-treat (95%) decisions, with very low incorrect treat (0.5%) and no-treat (0.5%) decisions. A tally threshold of 40 aphids per plant and action thresholds of 84% of plants infested is equivalent to a mean density of 250 aphids per plant, a recently recommended economic threshold. Using this threshold, the minimum required sample number for the binomial plan was 11 plants.
Transabdominal Pelvic Ultrasound

Transabdominal pelvic ultrasound provides instant noninvasive imagery of the lower urinary tract for the assessment of urologic conditions. It is useful in evaluating patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. The examining physician gains valuable information about the anatomy and function of a patient’s bladder and prostate. In the female patient, bladder hypermobility can be assessed. Urologists performing and interpreting bladder ultrasound will have a specific clinical question in mind as a reason for performing the scan. In order to obtain a good-quality diagnostic image and render an interpretation of the ultrasound findings, it is important to have an understanding of ultrasound machine settings, patient positioning, probe manipulation, normal ultrasound anatomy, and common artifacts.
Percutaneous Externally Assembled Laparoscopic Instruments: Creation of a New Surgical Paradigm

Abstract Objectives: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) produce excellent cosmetic outcomes, but are technically challenging. The objective of this study was to test the functionality and feasibility of a novel minimally invasive surgical paradigm, which maintains triangulation but uses special externally assembled instruments to minimize the postoperative cosmetic impact. Methods: Percutaneous Externally Assembled Laparoscopic (PEAL) instruments have specialized 2.96-mm shafts with interchangeable 5-mm working tips that are assembled externally. First, 5-mm laparoscopic, PEAL, and 2-mm needlescopic instruments were tested to determine piercing force on fresh human cadaver organs. In a bench-top study, 20 subjects assembled and used PEAL instruments in five different skills tests that were also compared with the same tasks using conventional laparoscopic instruments. Finally, PEAL instrument functionality was tested in a four-porcine nep...
On the Measurement of In-Cloud and Wet-Bulb Temperatures from an Aircraft

Abstract Measurements of air temperature with an immersion thermometer from an aircraft are invariably affected by the increased temperature of the decelerated air in the vicinity of the element. For dry air and a dry thermometer this effect is well known and usually taken into account. However, the evaporation of water from an element which has been wetted either intentionally (as in a wet-bulb thermometer) or unintentionally (by cloud or rain droplets) reduces this temperature increase. The psychrometric equation generalized for high-speed flow is used to calculate the aerodynamic correction factor for a wet temperature sensor. As an example of the magnitude of the evaporation effect, the temperature difference between a wet and a dry thermometer in a saturated airstream moving at 70 m sec−1>1C. Aircraft measurements in clouds from 3 different temperature sensors are discussed. The temperature differences between an exposed and a protected thermometer are found to be as large as 1C in conditions where t...
Issues in the identification of umbones in California mussel shell assemblages

Abstract Archaeologists investigating California coastal sites have used fragments of California mussel (Mytilus californianus) shells with umbones for two purposes: estimating the minimum number of individuals (MNI) represented in a shell assemblage and obtaining measurements that serve as proxies of mussel valve length in studies of variation in mussel sizes. Identification of umbones depends fundamentally on the ability of laboratory personnel to identify umbones, particularly if fragments are small. However, two factors affect identifiability: degree of fragmentation and tactics used by prehistoric mussel collectors. Both factors affect the proportion of small and difficult-to-identify umbones in an assemblage. Difficulty in identifying mussel umbones can be mitigated by laboratory protocols that ensure identification of umbo fragments and assessment of the degree of success in implementation of the protocols.
Contained colonic perforation due to cecal retroflexion

Complications of cecal retroflexion performed during colonoscopy have not previously been reported to occur. We report a case of contained colonic perforation secondary to using cecal retroflexion technique to examine the colon, and review available published reports of complications associated with this technique. We conclude that complications may rarely occur with use of cecal retroflexion, and that the clinical benefit of this technique is uncertain.
A modification of the erythrocyte osmotic fragility test.

A method for the determination of erythrocyte osmotic fragility using the Unopette and hepannized blood collected in Vacutainer tubes is described. The prepackaging of stable buffered solutions of sodium chloride with the use of self-filling, self-measuring capillaries for collection and dilution of blood makes the osmotic erythrocyte fragility test an accurate, simple, practical procedure. The use of heparinized whole blood collected in a Vacutainer tubes obviates the difficulties inherent in the determination of the osmotic fragility of sterile defibrinated incubated blood.
FTO association and interaction with time spent sitting.

Multiple studies have revealed an interaction between a variant in the FTO gene and self-reported physical activity on body mass index (BMI). Physical inactivity, such as time spent sitting (TSS) has recently gained attention as an important risk factor for obesity and related diseases. It is possible that FTO interacts with TSS to affect BMI, and/or that FTO’s putative effect on BMI is mediated through TSS. We tested these hypotheses in two cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (Offspring: n=3430 and Third Generation: n=3888), and attempted to replicate our results in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI; n=4756). Specifically, we examined whether an association exists between FTO and self-reported TSS, and whether an interaction exists between FTO and TSS on BMI, while adjusting for several important covariates such as physical activity. In FHS, we find a significant positive association between the BMI-increasing FTO allele and TSS. We find a similar trend in WHI. Mediation analyses suggest that the effect of FTO on BMI is mediated through TSS. In FHS, we find a significant interaction of FTO and TSS on BMI, whereby the association of TSS with BMI is greatest among those with more FTO risk alleles. In WHI, we also find a significant interaction, although the direction is opposite to that in FHS. In a meta-analysis of the two data sets, there is no net interaction of FTO with TSS on BMI. Our study suggests that FTO exerts its effect on BMI, at least partly, through energy expenditure mechanisms such as TSS. Further research into the intersection of genetics, sedentary behavior and obesity-related outcomes is warranted.
A Computational Modeling of Macromolecular Assemblies in SAXS

The determination of the structure of large macromolecular complexes is essential to reveal the function of the complexes in biological setting. For that purpose, several experimental methods for the structural determination have been developed and applied such as Electron Microscopy (EM) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). In this study, we focus on SAXS. In particular, we are interested in determining the spatial relationship between rigid subunits in a given macromolecular complex, which is especially important because conformational dynamics of rigid components in the given complex is directly related to its function. The present work is to develop a more efficient and effective computational framework to reveal spatial relationship between complex subunits. One of important quantities in SAXS includes the so-called distance distribution function (or pair distribution function), which is the distribution of distance between every pair of points in the complex. Given rigid sub-components of the complex, this important quantity can be determined more efficiently when we apply the mathematical concept of the Fourier transform for rigid-body motion group. To this end, we develop a mathematical model to calculate the pair distribution function for a complex structure consisting of several rigid sub-components. This new model is verified with several examples. In the end, our modeling efforts will combine the current methodology with similar ones for other experimental methods (e.g. EM) to reveal more refined biological macromolecular structures.
Discussion on the Return of the Drama in Yuan ZaJu

many of the Yuan dynasty works about repaying a paid theme,an essay on character identities vary,an essay on diverse ways and repay your reasons,both repay the upbringing to accept the grace of,also thanked relief trapped and rescue the grace of,well plus there to reward grace grace,and survival of rebirth and so on.Was a large number of repaying a theme works in the Yuan dynasty,is subject to the influence of the Buddhist concept of karma,have a close relationship with Chinese traditional culture of repaying the second.Repaying a drama also has a certain meaning,works of authors take a real irony,hopes his beautiful ideal.
Breeding and Utilization of CMS Line Xiangfeng 70A in Rice

Xiangfeng 70A is a CMS line in rice developed by Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center through crossing the F3 plants of IR58025B /V20B with Jin 23B and testcrossing the elite single plants in its F5 generation to V20A and then followed by pedigree selection and successive backcrossing in pairs over years.It is characteristic of desirable agronomic traits,complete pollen sterility,good grain quality and high combining ability.In February,2005,it was registered by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee(Registration No.:Xiangshendao 2005039).There have been six F1 hybrids derived from Xiangfeng 70A,including Xiangfengyou 9,Xiangfengyou 186,Xiangfengyou 402,Xiangfengyou 196,Xiangfengyou 103 and Xiangfengyou 974,certified and released to commercial production at provincial or higher levels in China.
Single photon emission computed tomography brain imaging

The development of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has lead to increased interest in brain nuclear medicine imaging for a variety of neurologic diseases. The principal tracers (Tc-99m HMPAO and Tc-99m ECD) map cerebral perfusion and have either shown efficacy or promise in cerebrovascular disease, the evaluation of stroke, transient ischemic attack, vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage, and arteriovenous malformation.
Erythrocyte deformability of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (cIHD) investigated by a modified capillary-rigidometer

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate by in-vitro experiments the sensitivity of parameters obtained, and to examine the RBC deformability ex-vivo of patients with cIHD as a consequence of coronary artery disease
Vergütung muss neu geregelt werden

Die Leistungen im Bereich der Schlafmedizin sollten kunftig uber den Katalog der stationsersetzenden Leistungen nach §115 b honoriert werden. Anders ist aus unserer Sicht als Bundesverband der Pneumologen eine adaquate Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit schlafbezogenen Atmungsstorungen auf Dauer nicht zu gewahrleisten.
What Does 'But' Really Mean? -- Evidence from Managers' Answers to Analysts' Questions During Conference Calls

This study examines investors’ reaction to managers’ use of contrastive words (words that introduce corrective and/or unexpected information) during the question and answer (Q&A) sessions of conference calls. We document evidence that managers’ use of contrastive words is an indicator of the quality of their disclosure. Specifically, we find that the use of contrastive words is positively associated with the extent to which investors react to earnings news. Our findings indicate that managers use contrastive words to provide more value-relevant information to investors. Further, we shed light on the underexplored contrarian returns phenomenon and show that the use of contrastive words explains some of the instances in which share price reacts positively to unfavorable earnings news. Finally, we separate disclosure content into two sections: before and after the contrastive word "but". We find that disclosure reported after the contrastive word “but” is more informative than disclosure communicated before. This suggests that there is variation in the informativeness within the disclosure content. Overall, our results support the conjecture that the informativeness of Q&A sessions comes primarily from its explanatory feature.
Core Biopsy of Neck Lesion

This chapter provides a comprehensive procedural report for core biopsy of neck lesion procedure, with up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications and contraindications, and potential complications in an organized and practical format.
Permanent-Magnet Coupled Power Inductor for Multiphase DC–DC Power Converters

Using a coupled power inductor (CPI) in a multiphase dc–dc power converter instead of using multiple single-phase power inductors (PIs) reduces the inductor size and achieves better steady state and transient performances. To further reduce the inductor size and weight used in multiphase power converters, this paper presents a two-phase CPI that utilizes a permanent magnet (PM) to achieve almost doubled saturation current with the same size or equivalently achieve significant size and weight reduction. Operation principle of the presented permanent magnet coupled power inductor (PMCI) and required PM dimensions are derived and used as a design guide. The three-dimensional physical model of the PMCI is developed by using ANSYS/Maxwell software package to “visualize” the saturation current doubling. The fabricated PMCI design, with specifications of 24 A/phase, ∼4.25 μH/phase equivalent steady-state inductance, and ∼2.3 μH equivalent transient inductance, is tested in a 4–8 V two-phase dc–dc boost power converter with up to 50 A input current. Results show that compared to a conventional CPI design with the same size, weight, and inductance, the fabricated PMCI almost doubles the saturation current (from 13 to 24 A/phase). Compared to another CPI with a larger size but with even a smaller saturation current (18 A/phase), the core volume of the PMCI is reduced to 51.9% and the core weight is reduced to 51.2%. In addition, the PMCI achieves ∼76.3% core size and ∼73.4% core weight reductions compared to two separate single-phase PIs with the same steady-state inductance and similar saturation current (∼22 A) due to the dual flux cancelation effect from the coupling and PM realized by the presented PMCI structure.
Design and Statistical Analysis of Multidrug Combinations in Preclinical Studies and Phase I Clinical Trials

Multidrug combination is an important therapeutic approach for cancer, viral or microbial infections, hypertension and other diseases involving complex biological networks. Synergistic drug combinations, which are more effective than predicted from summing effects of individual drugs, often achieve increased therapeutic index. Because drug-effect is dose-dependent, multiple doses of an individual drug need to be examined, yielding rapidly increasing number of combinations and a challenging high dimensional statistical modeling problem. The lack of proper design and analysis methods for multi-drug combination studies have resulted in many missed therapeutic opportunities. Although systems biology holds the promise to unveil complex interactions within biological systems, the knowledge on network remains predominantly topological until very recently. This article summarizes recent work on efficient maximal power experimental designs on multi-drug combinations, and statistical modeling of the resulting data. The design and analysis of vorinostat and cytarabine combination study is presented to illustrate the approach. We then introduce a model based adaptive Bayesian phase I trial design for drug combinations utilizing the modeling concept. To tackle the challenging problem of combinations of more than three drugs, we present a novel two-stage procedure starting with an initial selection by utilizing an in silico model built upon experimental data of single drugs and current systems biology information to obtain maximum likelihood estimate.
Short-term outcomes of the multi-institutional bladder exstrophy consortium: Successes and complications in the first two years of collaboration.

Summary Introduction/background Bladder exstrophy is a rare diagnosis that presents major reconstructive challenges. To increase experience and proficiency in the care of bladder exstrophy (BE), the Multi-Institutional BE Consortium (MIBEC) was formed, with a focus on refining technical aspects of complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy (CPRE) and subsequent care. Objective Outcome measures included successful CPRE (absence of dehiscence), complications, and integrated points of technique and care over the short-term. Study design Boston Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin alternately served as the host, with observation, commentary and critique by visiting collaborating surgeons. CPRE with bilateral iliac osteotomy was performed at 1–3 months of age. High-definition video capture of the surgery allowed local and distant broadcast to facilitate real-time observation and teaching, and recording of all procedures. Results From February 2013 to February 2015, MIBEC participating surgeons performed CPRE on 27 consecutive patients (22 classic BE, five epispadias). There were no dehiscences in 27 patients (0%, 95% CI 0–12.5%). Thirteen girls and 14 boys underwent CPRE at a median age of 2.3 months (range 0.1–51.6). One boy had a hypospadiac urethral meatus at CPRE completion. Hydronephrosis of mild or moderate grade was present postoperatively in eight girls and two boys. Additional results, per gender, are presented in the Summary table below. Discussion Absence of dehiscence in this cohort was comparable or compared favorably with the literature. However, several girls had significant obstructive complications following CPRE. The rate of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in girls was increased compared with published reports. A low complication rate was noted in the boys following CPRE, which was comparable to reports in the literature, and early signs of continence and spontaneous voiding were noted in some boys and girls. Limitations included variation in patient age at presentation, thereby introducing a wide age range at CPRE. Outcome data were limited by short follow-up regarding voiding with continence. Conclusion This collaborative effort proved beneficial regarding significantly increased surgeon exposure to CPRE, refinement of CPRE technique, surgeon learning and expertise. Technical refinement of CPRE is ongoing. Summary Table . Diagnosis, timing of CPRE and complications per gender. Gender Girls Boys Classic BE/epispadias 10/3 12/2 Median age at CPRE (range) 1.9 months (0.1–51.6) 2.9 months (0.4–28.8) Successes No dehiscence 7 without complications No dehiscence 11 without complication Complications 6 girls total 5 pyelonephritis 4 urinary retention (BOO) 2 temporary CIC 1 vesicostomy 1 bladder rupture 3 boys total 1 pyelonephritis 2 urethrocutaneous fistula
Membership in a Stable Organization can Sustain Individuals’ Sense of Control

Based on contemporary perspectives regarding the role that group identification can play in sustaining control motives, we propose that being a member of a stable organization-one experienced as predictable and consistent rather than fragile or in flux-can maintain individuals’ sense of control. Four studies test this prediction (two correlational and two experimental) using diverse samples of working adults. We observe that high social identification with a stable (as compared to relatively unstable) organization is associated with an increased generalized sense of personal efficacy (Study 1 and Study 2). Further, perceived organizational stability moderates the extent to which those who recently experienced a threat to personal control-and are thereby motivated to reestablish feelings of control-seek increased organizational identification (Study 3 and Study 4). Findings suggest that membership in a stable organization can provide a psychological buffer against threats to personal control encountered in...
Influence of Gold Metallodielectric Partial-Shell Geometrical Irregularities on Dark Plasmon Resonances

The geometric asymmetry of real, fabricated gold partial shells leads to orientation and gold partial coverage dependent local fields and scattering. We illustrate this with single-particle measurements and finite element calculations. In particular, we show that the position and number of well-defined protrusions on the edge of a partial shell qualitatively change the spectra. The metallic protrusions result in geometrical asymmetry, which leads to excitation of the optically dark quadrupole mode as a function of incident light excitation and polarization. The far-field scattering peaks result from the bright dipole resonance with contribution from the dark resonance in the presence of the partial-shell surface protrusions. With more dark modes, the overall scattered intensity decreases, reflecting the energy trapped in the local electric fields of the dark modes, until it ultimately dissipates in the metal.
Telling Active Learning Pedagogies Apart: from theory to practice

Designing learning environments to incorporate active learning pedagogies is difficult as definitions are often contested and intertwined. This article seeks to determine whether classification of active learning pedagogies (i.e., project-based, problem-based, inquiry-based, case-based, and discovery-based), through theoretical and practical lenses, could function as a useful tool for researchers and practitioners in comparing pedagogies. This article classified five active learning pedagogies based on six constructivist elements. The comparison was completed through a comparative analysis and a content analysis informed by a systematic literature review. The findings were that learner-centeredness is a primary goal of all pedagogies; however, there is a strong dissonance between each pedagogy’s theoretical underpinnings and implementation realities. This dissonance complicates differentiating active learning pedagogies and classification as a comparative tool has proved to have limited usefulness.
A Desktop Usability Evaluation of the Facebook Mobile Interface using the JAWS Screen Reader with Blind Users

Social networking sites (SNSs) like Facebook are widely used and have been broadly studied but despite years of investigation, accessibility complaints from individuals with visual impairments cont...
Cofactor requirements for metabolism of α-amino-n-butyric acid by brain homogenates

An ISOMER of γ-aminobutyric acid, namely α-amino-n-butyric acid (AABA) is consistently found in small amounts in the free amino acid pool of the rodent brain1. Incubation of carboxy labeled AABA with brain homogenates resulted in the evolution of radioactive CO2. The reaction was not dependent on pyridoxal phosphate but required a number of cofactors. This communication describes experiments designed to define more precisely the cofactor requirements of this reaction. The metabolism of carboxy labeled alanine by brain homogenate was also investigated as it appeared to follow a similar pathway.
Obesity hypertension, salt sensitivity and insulin resistance.

Aim To review human and animal data describing the complex interrelation between obesity hypertension, salt-sensitivity and insulin resistance. Data synthesis The first part of the article reviews the information available in the literature defining obesity hypertension as a salt sensitive form of hypertension and that links obesity hypertension to the presence of insulin. The second part reviews the four factors frequently cited as possible causes for this sodium retention: insulin resistance, alteration in the renin-angiotensin system, altered vascular responsiveness and alterations in the sympathetic nervous system. Special emphasis is given in an attempt to explain how each of these four factors can change pressure-natriuresis. Conclusions There is clearly a strong relationship between obesity hypertension, sodium sensitivity and insulin resistance. The exact mechanism responsible for linking these three conditions is still unknown. However, there is ample evidence to suggest that insulin resistance, altered vascular responsiveness, altered function of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and altered function of the sympathetic nervous system are important in these three conditions. Further investigation is warranted to completely elucidate the complex relationship between insulin resistance, obesity hypertension and sodium sensitivity.
Outcomes of upper extremity interventions for chronic critical ischemia.

Abstract Background Critical hand ischemia owing to below-the-elbow atherosclerotic occlusive disease is relatively uncommon. The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes in patients presenting with critical ischemia owing to below-the-elbow arterial atherosclerotic disease who underwent nonoperative and operative management. Methods A database of patients undergoing operative and nonoperative management for symptomatic below-the-elbow atherosclerotic disease between 2006 and 2016 was retrospectively queried. Patients with critical ischemia (tissue loss and rest pain) were identified. Three management groups were identified: no revascularization (None), endovascular revascularization (Endo), and open revascularization by bypass (Bypass). Patients with acute embolism, active vasculitis, end-stage renal disease, ipsilateral dialysis access complications of steal, and ipsilateral trauma were excluded. Results One hundred eight patients (56% male; average age, 59 years) presented with symptomatic below-the-elbow disease: 93% presented with digital ulceration and the remainder with rest pain. Eighty-one percent had diabetes and 41% had chronic renal insufficiency (not on dialysis). All underwent catheter-based angiography. Fifty-three patients (49%) had no intervention and subsequently were committed to wound care; 26 of these required no further intervention, 10 had an interval palmar sympathectomy, and 17 underwent either a phalanx or digital amputation. Thirty-four patients (31%) underwent an endovascular intervention with a median of 1.5 vessels (ulnar, radial, or interosseous arteries) intervened on. Technical success was achieved in 29 patients (85%). Of the five technical failures, two went on to bypass, one had a focal endarterectomy and patch angioplasty, and one was treated conservatively. Ten patients in the Endo group required either a phalanx or digital amputation. Twenty-one patients (19%) underwent a saphenous vein bypass (reversed or nonreserved) to the radial in 12 and the ulnar in 11 limbs. In follow-up, 11 patients underwent open or endovascular intervention to maintain patency of the bypass. There were nine phalanx or digital amputations in the Bypass group. No below-the-elbow or above-the-elbow amputations were performed within 30 days. The wound healing rate without amputation was 78% (85 of 108). The predictors of wound healing were technical success of the revascularization, intact palmar arch and presence of digital run-off. The presence of an incomplete arch and poor digital run-off were associated with a phalanx or digital amputation. Conclusions Upper extremity interventions for critical ischemia are associated with a high rate of success. Major amputations are rare and the many can be treated nonoperatively. In appropriately selected patients, both endovascular and open interventions have a high rate of success.
Pd-l1 gene alterations to identify a subset of diffuse large B cell lymphoma that harbor a T cell inflamed phenotype.

7566Background: Programmed death – ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on malignant cells is a dominant immune escape mechanism in cancer, and classically occurs as an adaptive response to the presence of ...
Ambulatory Status following Major Lower Extremity Amputation

Background The ability to ambulate following major lower extremity amputation, either below (BKA) or above knee (AKA), is a major concern for all prospective patients. This study analyzed ambulatory rates and risk factors for nonambulation in patients undergoing a major lower extremity amputation. Methods A retrospective review of 811 patients who underwent BKA or AKA at our institution between January 2009 and December 2014 was conducted. Demographic information and co-morbid conditions, including the patients’ functional status prior to surgery, at 6 months, and at latest follow up were recorded. Following exclusion criteria, 538 patients were included. Patients who were either independent or used an assistive device were considered ambulatory, while those who were completely wheelchair-dependent or bed-bound were considered nonambulatory. Results Pre-operatively, 83.1% of BKA patients were ambulatory, significantly more so than those undergoing AKA (44.9%, P 35) was found to have a statistically significant correlation with post-operative ambulation using multivariable analysis. Conclusions The majority of ambulatory patients undergoing a major amputation were able to remain ambulatory. Patients who failed to ambulate 6 months after their amputation, failed to resume ambulating. Age greater than 70 and female sex were found to have a statistically significant association with becoming nonambulatory following surgery.
Decay of I 132

The decay of ${\mathrm{I}}^{132}$ has been investigated by means of scintillation spectrometers. Energies (and relative intensities) of the gamma rays which were observed are 0.240(1.3), 0.518(15), 0.667(100), 0.72(5), 0.775(63), 0.953(15), 1.14(1.2), 1.142(2.7), 1.30(2.4), 1.392(6.4), 1.45(1.1), 1.75(0.3), 1.91(0.7), 1.99(0.8), 2.08(0.18), 2.18(0.13), and 2.39(0.11) Mev. Our data indicate that the gamma-ray peak at 0.667 Mev actually consists of four gamma rays with energies between 0.62 and 0.68 Mev. An energy level diagram of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{132}$ based on the present spectral studies and gamma-gamma angular correlation measurements has been proposed. Energies (and spins) of the levels are 0.673(2+), 1.32, 1.448(4+), 1.81, 1.966(3), 2.10(3 or 4), 2.401(4), 2.59(3), and 2.84(3, 4, or 5) Mev.
Operationalizing intake: Variations in juvenile court intake procedures and their implications

Abstract Juvenile court intake – the process in which state or local authorities determine whether to prosecute, divert, or dismiss alleged juvenile delinquency cases – is essential to juvenile justice administration and to juvenile justice goals. Yet it is generally under-studied and the roles of prosecutors and intake officers poorly understood. This paper operationalizes juvenile court intake using data from one southeastern state, with a focus on professionals' roles and relative power. Results demonstrate within-state variation in intake structures and procedures with regard to whether prosecutors or intake officers exert the greatest control. Further, results show that there is a geographic relationship to this variation – counties with heavy prosecutorial control are represented disproportionately among urban areas. Additional qualitative data offers insight into prosecutors' and intake officers' perspectives on each other's roles in intake. Findings indicate a range of questions to be explored in future research examining whether and how different intake structures affect intake decisions.
Radiations From Geometries Using Painlev\'e-Gullstrand Coordinates

The principle of equivalence is used to examine covariant descriptions of quantum phenomena within the global exterior of geometries described using Painleve- Gullstrand coordinates, which are everywhere non-singular away from their center. The differences between the descriptions of observers stationary within the curvilinear geometry and those in a locally-flat freely-falling system that is momentarily at rest are found to depend only on local proper accelerations, becoming vanishingly small for increasingly distant observers. Away from the horizon, the local detections of outgoing massless radiations from the ground state of the freely-falling observers are found to be consistent with those of Rindler observers accelerating in flat space-time.
A Practical and Efficient Synthetic Route to Dihydropipercide and Pipercide1

Dihydropipercide 1 and Pipercide 2 are examples of hydrophobic insecticidal isobutylamide derivatives isolated from Piper Nigrum L. which have received synthetic attention over the past decade. Novel structural features combining the N-isobutyldieneamide array, found in related natural products such as Pellitorine, with the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl moiety, found in insecticide synergists including Piperonyl Butoxide and Sesamex, render these as attractive targets for synthesis. Although a variety of synthetic routes to related natural products have appeared in the literature, practical methods for the preparation of the title compounds were lacking. Convenient and convergent 10−11-step protocols were developed which provided access to gram quantities of the targets. Methyl 6-oxohexanoate 4 was prepared from cyclohexanone enol acetate 3 via a tandem ozonolysis, methanolysis, hydrolysis process. Subsequent olefination and olefin isomerization steps followed by further elaboration provided the targets 1 and ...
A comparison study of laser based additive manufacturing techniques applied to chalcogenide glass (Conference Presentation)

Additive manufacturing has taken many industries by storm, bringing a revolution to prototyping and manufacturing lines. For the most part, Glass and Optical Materials have been left on the wayside during this insurgence of additive manufacturing. Initially, the processes had very significant barriers to create practical uses for glass and optical materials. The emergence of UV curing or crosslinking polymers from a bath has proven useful for some optical elements and component applications for organic polymers. The majority of inorganic glasses are already fully cross-linked and cannot be used in curing/crosslinking methods. Rochester Precision Optics (RPO) is constantly developing and designing optical elements and assemblies, having a cheap and quick process to prototype optics for demonstrators and initial prototype systems would be extremely valuable. RPO has investigated a number of methods to incorporate additive manufacturing of glasses into the optics and photonics fields. Laser based approaches of additive manufacturing of chalcogenide glasses will be presented. Optical properties and performance is compared across various additive manufacturing approaches and compared against bulk traditional material and processes.
The Austrian view and value co-creation process in solution-oriented firms: A seven stage, “solution prototyping” framework

We develop a conceptual framework that examines the behavior of the solutions-oriented-firm from initial solutions generation, through the “sale” and delivery to an initial customer, and its potent...
Fifty years of the Journal of Economic Theory

Abstract This introduces the 50th anniversary issue of JET, a collection of 50 influential articles published in the Journal over the first fifty years. These papers speak for themselves. Instead of summarizing them, I offer my takes on the histories of the Journal, scientific publishing, and the economic theory profession.
Datana drexelii (Lepidoptera: Notododontidae) Occurrence and Larval Survival on Highbush Blueberry Cultivars

Plant genotype influences plant suitability to herbivores; domesticated plants selected for properties such as high fruit yield may be particularly vulnerable to herbivory. Cultivated strains of highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. can be high-quality hosts for larvae of the gregariously feeding notodontid Datana drexelii (Hy. Edwards). We conducted an experiment assessing D. drexelii larval survival and pupal weight when fed foliage from five blueberry cultivars: ‘Bluecrop', ‘Bluetta', ‘Blueray', ‘Lateblue', and ‘Jersey'. We complemented this experimental work with repeated bush-level surveys of a managed blueberry patch for naturally occurring D. drexelii larval clusters. Larval survival and pupal weight were significantly higher on ‘Lateblue' foliage than from the ‘Bluecrop', ‘Bluetta', and ‘Jersey' cultivars. The blueberry patch surveys found more D. drexelii larval clusters on ‘Bluehaven', ‘Collins', and ‘Darrow' bushes than on the cultivars ‘Earliblue' and ‘Jersey'. The low D. drexelii occurrence and performance on the ‘Jersey' cultivar suggests that this variety may be appropriate for areas where this pest is common; conversely, their high occurrence on ‘Bluehaven' ‘Collins’, and ‘Darrow’ suggests that these cultivars may be particularly vulnerable. Cultivar-level variation in herbivore vulnerability highlights how understanding plant–pest interactions can help manage agricultural species.
Iatrogenic delirium on symptom-triggered alcohol withdrawal protocol.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate delirium as a possible consequence of the application of symptom-triggered therapy for alcohol withdrawal and to explore alternative treatment modalities. In the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, symptom-triggered therapy directs nursing staff to regularly assess patients using standardized instruments, such as the Clinical Institute for Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol, Revised (CIWA-Ar), and administer benzodiazepines at symptom severity thresholds. Symptom-triggered therapy has been shown to lower total benzodiazepine dosage and treatment duration relative to fixed dosage tapers (Daeppen et al., 2002). However, CIWA-Ar has important limitations. Because of its reliance on patient reporting, it is inappropriate for nonverbal patients, non-English speakers (in the absence of readily available translators) and patients in confusional states including delirium and psychosis. Importantly, it also relies on the appropriate selection of patients and considering alternate etiologies for signs and symptoms also associated with alcohol withdrawal. Design/methodology/approach The authors report a case of a 47-year-old male admitted for cardiac arrest because of benzodiazepine and alcohol overdose who developed worsening delirium on CIWA-Ar protocol. Findings While symptom-triggered therapy through instruments such as the CIWA-Ar protocol has shown to lower total benzodiazepine dosage and treatment duration in patients in alcohol withdrawal, over-reliance on such tools may also lead providers to overlook other causes of delirium. Originality/value This case illustrates the necessity for providers to consider using other available assessment and treatment options including objective alcohol withdrawal scales, fixed benzodiazepine dosage tapers and even antiepileptic medications in select patients.
Diachronic Action Within an Ecology of Plans

Where standard macro theory treats aggregate spending and its components as the primitive variable of analytical interest, this book is predicated on recognition that it is entrepreneurial plans and not spending that is the relevant primitive variable. Spending follows from plans as it is derivative from those plans. Where conventional macro theory treats all plans as synchronized to comport with the requirements of equilibrium theory, the theory presented here treats any plan as being inserted into a preexisting ecology of plans that reflects variable turbulence and not systemic equilibrium. There is a disjunction between the system-level and individual-level of analysis which, moreover, brings into play the long-neglected distinction between ex ante and ex post representations of economic activity.
Feminine Power: A New Articulation

Consider the messages that Western, patriarchal cultures create and disseminate about femininity: that it is weak, passive, deceitful, and manipulative. Systems of male domination devalue femininit...
Implementation of an evidence-based protocol after appendectomy reduces unnecessary antibiotics.

Abstract Background Children with acute appendicitis have historically received intravenous antibiotics before and after appendectomy, yet recent literature supports minimizing postoperative antibiotics. In this study, we examined the impact of a standardized protocol that eliminates postoperative antibiotics for nonperforated appendicitis and discontinues antibiotics at discharge for perforated appendicitis. Methods A retrospective review of all pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis between May 2013 and March 2017 was performed. Preprotocol patients (5/1/2013–3/31/2015) were compared to postprotocol patients (5/1/2015–3/31/2017), excluding those who underwent surgery during the month of protocol introduction (4/2015). Primary outcomes were postoperative antibiotic doses for nonperforated cases and antibiotics after discharge for perforated cases. Mann–Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were performed. Results Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 748 children before (PRE) and in 814 children after (POST) protocol implementation. Perforation rates were similar (POST 21.5 vs. PRE 21.8%, p = 0.90). For nonperforated appendicitis, postoperative antibiotics were reduced (median 0 [IQR 0–0] vs. 3 [0–5] doses, p Conclusion For children with acute appendicitis, a standardized protocol can safely reduce unnecessary antibiotics and decrease length of stay. Furthermore, the judicious use of antibiotics does not increase SSI, readmission, or overall complication rates. Level of evidence III
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Technology and Applications

Biological imaging modalities are commonly used for characterization of health and disease, but each have trade-offs in the areas of spatial resolution, molecular coverage and specificity, and targeted or untargeted approaches. Stained tissue microscopy allows high spatial resolution to visualize tissue morphologies and cellular structure but provides little molecular information. Immunohistochemistry allows high spatial resolution similar to that of organic stains with the benefit of specific molecular information with the use of antibodies. However, molecular targets must be known in advance and antibodies may select for multiple molecular species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows for the untargeted detection of hundreds to thousands of molecular species within a single experiment. Although it has somewhat lower spatial resolution than microscopy, IMS enables the detection of a wide range of biological species at increased molecular coverage with high spatial resolution and sensitivity using advanced data processing techniques. Herein, we present up-to-date examples of the current technologies of MALDI IMS.
Performing data flow analysis in parallel

The authors have designed a family of parallel dataflow analysis algorithms for execution on a message-passing MIMD (multiple instruction multiple data) architecture, based on general purpose, hybrid dataflow analysis algorithms. They have exploited the natural task partitioning of the hybrid algorithms and have explored a static mapping-dynamic scheduling strategy. Alternative mapping-scheduling choices and refinements of the flow graph condensation utilized are discussed. This parallel hybrid algorithm family is illustrated on the reaching definitions problem, although parallel algorithms also exist for many interprocedural (e.g., aliasing) and intraprocedural (e.g., available expressions) problems.
Methodological Approaches to Examining Multimodal Composing

This chapter illustrates key methodological approaches to examining multimodal composing. The first part of the chapter describes the four dominant theoretical frameworks used in multimodal composing studies in TESOL and applied linguistics (social semiotics, systemic functional linguistics, multiliteracies, and sociocultural theories). The chapter then explains various research designs, from case study to quasi-experimental research, that have been employed in multimodal composing research and demonstrates how analyses grounded in different theoretical and analytical frameworks (e.g., multimodal discourse analysis, qualitative data analysis) have been conducted in multimodal composing research, with specific examples of data analysis. The chapter concludes with methodological implications.
Autoencoder-Inspired Convolutional Network-Based Super-Resolution Method in MRI

Objective: To introduce an MRI in-plane resolution enhancement method that estimates High-Resolution (HR) MRIs from Low-Resolution (LR) MRIs. Method & Materials: Previous CNN-based MRI super-resolution methods cause loss of input image information due to the pooling layer. An Autoencoder-inspired Convolutional Network-based Super-resolution (ACNS) method was developed with the deconvolution layer that extrapolates the missing spatial information by the convolutional neural network-based nonlinear mapping between LR and HR features of MRI. Simulation experiments were conducted with virtual phantom images and thoracic MRIs from four volunteers. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structure SIMilarity index (SSIM), Information Fidelity Criterion (IFC), and computational time were compared among: ACNS; Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (SRCNN); Fast Super-Resolution Convolutional Neural Network (FSRCNN); Deeply-Recursive Convolutional Network (DRCN). Results: ACNS achieved comparable PSNR, SSIM, and IFC results to SRCNN, FSRCNN, and DRCN. However, the average computation speed of ACNS was 6, 4, and 35 times faster than SRCNN, FSRCNN, and DRCN, respectively under the computer setup used with the actual average computation time of 0.15 s per $100\times100$ pixels. Conclusion: The result of this study implies the potential application of ACNS to real-time resolution enhancement of 4D MRI in MRI guided radiation therapy.
Editor’s essay: Systemic changes toward an anti-racist academy

When the COVID-19 pandemic eliminated or reduced opportunities for people to go out, many people not only stayed in at home, but also dug more deeply into our own internal wants and needs.Perhaps r...