cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commentary on Gelberg et al. 2015: Alcohol and other drug screening and brief intervention – evidence in crisis

Most evidence suggests that drug screening and brief intervention (SBI) is not efficacious. Conflicting study results may be due to different interventions, and methodological differences may explain most positive SBI trial results. A renewed focus should be on objective outcomes and intervention details.
Thermal deNOx: no HNO at room temperature

Abstract HNO production is predicted by the reaction sequence NH 2 + NO → HN 2 + OH, HN 2 + NO → HNO + N 2 in the Miller mechanism for the thermal deNOx process. A search was made for the HNO molecule in the reaction system NH 2 + NO at room temperature using diode laser infrared kinetic spectroscopy to search for NH stretch absorptions of HNO. No HNO attributable to the deNOx process was observed. Sensitivity calibration measurements set an upper bound of 1% for the conversion of NH 2 into HNO.
Diagnostic characteristics of a serum biomarker in patients with positron emission tomography scans.

Background Surgery for pulmonary nodules results in a benign diagnosis in 10% to 30% of cases. Computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are highly sensitive but less specific. High-risk patients (age > 55 years and smoke > 15 pack-years) for lung cancer with negative FDG-PET scans, or low-risk patients (age Methods Fifty-eight patients with pulmonary nodules (≤3 cm) were prospectively enrolled. We tested the accuracy of our proteomic biomarker in the serum by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Malignancy rates, contingency tables, sensitivity, and specificity analyses were calculated for the entire group and in a subset of patients at high risk for benign disease. Results We identified 46 (79%) lung cancers and 12 (21%) benign lesions. Forty-five nodules were FDG-PET–avid. In 36 high-risk patients with FDG-PET–avid lesions, 32 (89%) had cancer. Of the remaining 22 lower-risk patients, 14 (64%) had cancer ( p = 0.02). The serum biomarker sensitivity was 26.1%, specificity was 91.7%, positive predictive value was 92%, negative predictive value was 24%, and overall accuracy was 40%. The serum signature accurately predicted all eight benign nodules in this 22-patient subset. Conclusions The serum protein biomarker has a high specificity. This biomarker has a high positive predictive value but low negative predictive value and may improve noninvasive evaluation of lung nodules. Validation in a larger population is warranted.
An Anthropologist Among Bureaucrats

Why should a middle-aged anthropologist holding a tenured professorship leave his comfortable position to spend a year in the bureaucratic mazes of Washington? The losses incurred in transition periods moving into and out of a temporary position, the loneliness of time away from home, and the general unfamiliarity and hazards of a new territory would hardly seem worth it.
The effect of pH on cell lethality induced by hyperthermic treatment.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were subjected to hyperthermic treatment (41–45.5°C) in either acidic or alkaline medium. Consistent with previous reports, thermal sensitivity was increased as the range of the environmental pH level was decreased from 7.4–7.5 to 6.6–6.7. The increase in sensitivity was expressed as a decrease in the shoulder and an increase in the slope of the survival curve. Incubation at 37°C in acidic medium for 24 hours prior to hyperthermic treatment at 45.5°C neither enchanced nor diminished thermal sensitivity. However, thermal damage acquired during heating (42.5–45.5°C) in acidic or alkaline medium could be augmented by incubating the cells at 37°C in acidic medium after hyperthermic treatment. This augmentation of thermal damage was expressed as a further increase in the final slope of the survival curve. An Arrhenius plot of the rate of heat inactivation as a function of the inverse of absolute temperature indicated that heating in acidic medium increased the inactivation rate compared to the rate which occurred for cells heated in alkaline medium. However, the slope of the Arrhenius curve (i.e., activation energy) was fairly independent of the environmental pH level. When CHO cells were treated in alkaline medium, the Arrhenius curve changed slope at 43°C. But when cells were treated in acidic medium, the temperature at which the curve changed slope depended upon the duration of treatment in acidic medium after the hyperthermic exposure. Heating at 42°C or below resulted in the appearance of a thermotolerant population. The onset of thermotolerance occurred after 200–300 minutes of heating, regardless of the environmental pH level at the time of heating. However, the percentage of the population that expressed thermotolerance when cells were heated at a given temperature decreased when cells were heated in acidic medium. The most interesting observations were: 1 that heat treatments at low pH decreased the number of thermotolerant cells; and 2) that when cells were maintained at low pH after hyperthermic treatment, thermal damage was augmented. These observations may have important implications in the clinic.
The National Blueprint Consensus Conference summary report: Strategic priorities for increasing physical activity among adults aged ≥50

This report summarizes the outcome of the National Blueprint Consensus Conference that was held in October 2002. At this conference, representatives of more than 50 national organizations convened in Washington DC with the goal of identifying high-priority and high-feasibility strategies that would advance the National Blueprint and that could be initiated within the next 12 to 24 months. The National Blueprint Consensus Conference has identified an ambitious agenda of 18 strategies that will need to be implemented in order to overcome societal barriers to physical activity among the middle-aged and older adult population. National organizations charged with the task of implementing the high-priority strategies will use professional networks, established delivery channels, and communication systems to translate the blueprint strategies into action.
The effects of Hurricane Allen on Back Reef populations of Discovery Bay, Jamaica☆

Sixteen months after Hurricane Allen, an assessment of the condition (living vs. dead and encrusted) and volume of staghorn coral, Acropora cervicomis Lamarck, patches within the East Back Reef of Discovery Bay, Jamaica was made. Data generated by this assessment were compared with similar data collected in 1975–1976 prior to the storm. Densities of two urchins, Diadema antillarum Philippi and Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz, and the threespot damselfish, Eupomacentrus planifrons Cuvier, within the coral patches were also measured. Although staghorn coral patches were significantly smaller (− 65%) in mean volume in 1981 compared to 1975–1976, 22% of the patches were unchanged since 1976 or had increased in volume and only 9% were reduced to piles of rubble. Diadema and threespot densities were significantly higher than in 1976. Mortality of damselfish and larger Diadema appeared to have been reduced. Coral patches with both damselfish and Diadema present exhibited a high proportion of living coral tissue, while those patches dominated by either damselfish or Diadema were overgrazed with < 5% of the substrata covered by living coral. Similarly, the fore reef exhibited high urchin and low damselfish densities, possibly contributing to its low proportion of living coral.
Optical Phase and Gain Control of a GaAs MMIC Transmit - Receive Module

This paper reports on the optical phase and gain control of a GaAs MMIC phase shifter and amplifier with applications for active phased array antennas. Phase shifts of 40 degrees were obtained with 50?w of optical power and amplifier gain was controlled 15 dB with 250?w of light intensity.
Changes in cognitive function and plasma biomarkers in a pilot trial of “passport”: a multi-domain intervention to prevent cognitive decline

Background: The most recent definition of the metabolic syndrome (IDF, 2005) sets the abdominal obesity as its central and necessary element. The consequences of the metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity include endothelial disfunction, premature aging and Alzheimer‘s Disease (AD). Vascular endothelium, thought to indicate a person‘s real biological age, is the centre of vascular pathology. AD is a cognitive consequence of the metabolic syndrome, while premature aging is a result of all the disorders of the energetic metabolism generated by this syndrome. The centrepiece of obesity is the adipocyte. Obesity leads to an increase of the adypocite‘s volume, which triggers chronical inflammation and all the metabolic disordes associated to obesity, including the production of adipokines. Adiponectine, an adipokine produced exclusively by the adipocyte, is the biological marker of the metabolic syndrome.and is in an inversely proportional to the visceral adiposity. Methods: Our aim was to develop a model able to reveal the importance of adiponectine assessment in the metabolic syndrome and its complications, AD and premature aging. The study was a case-control analysis on 2 lots of subjects at age (one of 50 healthy subjects and one of 100 pacients with metabolic syndrome of which some developed premature aging and AD). The method included determinations of adiponectine using an ACRP 30 ELISA kit (normal range: 16,5 6 5,6 mg / ml). Insulinemia, microalbuminuria, glycemia and abdominal circumference, able to provide important additional information while compared with adiponectine levels, were also investigated. Results: The results reached by us are in accordance with other studies that have demonstrated the importance of adiponectine in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome, its direct role in premature aging prevalence due to its antiatherosclerotic action, decrease of the edothelial disfunction and its effect on the vasomotor function of the entothelia (low levels of adiponectine leading to the decrease of the nitric oxide dependent vasodilatation). Conclusions: Being a biological marker of the metabolic syndrome, adiponectine could also be a promising marker candidate for AD and premature aging. That is why controlling this marker may give us a partial but important lead in predicting and controlling these conditions.
Hg ion atomic clock for deep space navigation and science

We have recently completed a breadboard ion-clock physics package based on Hg ions shuttled between a quadrupole and a 16-pole rf trap. With this architecture we have demonstrated short-term stability ~1-2x10 -13 at 1 second, averaging to 10 -15 at 1 day. This development shows that H-maser quality stabilities can be produced in a small clock package, comparable in size to an ultra-stable quartz oscillator required for holding 1-2x10 -13 at 1 second. This performance was obtained in a sealed vacuum configuration where only a getter pump was used to maintain vacuum. The vacuum tube containing the traps has now been under sealed vacuum conditions for nearly two years with no measurable degradation of ion trapping lifetimes or clock short-term performance. We have fabricated the vacuum tube, ion trap and UV windows from materials that will allow a ~ 400°C tube bake-out to prepare for tube seal-off. This approach to the vacuum follows the methods used in flight vacuum tube electronics, such as flight TWTA's where tube operation lifetime and shelf life of up to 15 years is achieved. We use neon as a buffer gas with 2-3 times less pressure induced frequency pulling than helium and, being heavier, negligible diffusion losses will occur over the operation lifetime.
The spacing of rift axis highs: dependence upon diapiric processes in the underlying asthenosphere?

Abstract Detailed bathymetric mapping has revealed a near-harmonic distribution of intermediate wavelength morphologic highs on slow to fast spreading centers. One model suggests that the highs may result from the thermal instabilities generated by the interaction of cold fracture zone walls with the axial asthenosphere. This may force a deepening of the isotherms near the fracture zone and an uplift of the isotherms midway between the fracture zones. A preferred model based on newly accumulated data suggests that the highs may be a result of upwelling within the asthenosphere underlying the ridge axis where a linear region of instability develops at the base of a partial melting zone. Less dense material at depths of 40–80 km may penetrate the overlying material at discrete and ideally evenly-spaced points. Harmonically-spaced upwellings should generate excess magma at discrete points on the ridge axis creating volcanic highs. The spacing between highs may depend upon the continuity and thickness of the deep axial instability layer, the temperature and viscosity ratios within the magma, and the distance between major transform faults. Instability of the diapirs may stimulate the migration of the highs through time.
CMR studies of protein modification. Progressive decrease in charge density at the ε-amino function of lysine with increasing methyl substitution

Abstract Progressive methyl substitution at the e-amino group of lysine results in a progressive downfield shift of the signals from the e and N -methyl carbon atoms in the Carbon-13 nmr spectra of the resulting e- N -methylated lysine derivatives. The results are consistent with the view that the greater the number of e, N -methyl groups on protein basic aminoacid residues, the greater the affinity of these residues for anionic species, e.g. as in histone-DNA interactions.
Determination of laser line frequencies and vibrational-rotational constants of the 12C18O2, 13C16O2, and 13C18O2 isotopes from measurements of CW beat frequencies with fast HgCdTe photodiodes and microwave frequency counters

Abstract The frequencies of 12 C 18 O 2 , 13 C 16 O 2 , and 13 C 18 O 2 isotope lasers have been measured to better than 3 MHz (0.0001 cm −1 ) by comparing with a 12 C 16 O 2 reference laser. Heterodyne techniques were used to generate 139 difference frequencies in a liquid nitrogen cooled HgCdTe photodiode. Microwave frequency counter measurements of the difference frequencies were then used to calculate new values for the band centers and rotational constants of the rare isotopes. Procedures to achieve further improvements are discussed.
EVALUATION OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE AND SPICE MARINATION ON THE SENSORY AND TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECOOKED SEMITENDINOSUS ROASTS

Roasts from mature cows were used to evaluate the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) injection on sensory and textural characteristics and of spice marination to overcome potential off-flavors associated with CaCl 2 treatment. The roasts appeared lighter(P<0.05), less red(P<0.05), and less yellow(P<0.05) with increases in CaCl 2 , the inclusion of spice, and the progression of storage time Roasts with spice had less (P<0.05) cooking and total loss than nonspice and noninjected roasts. The CaCl 2 treatment did not significantly effect either shear force values or sensory tenderness. Roasts with spice were more (P<0.05) tender and juicier than nonspiced and noninjected roasts. Roasts with spice had fewer (P<0.05) off-flavors than nonspiced roasts. The injection of spice can overcome off-flavors; however, CaCl 2 injection is not efficacious as a tenderizing agent in the semitendinosus muscle of mature cows.
Detection and quantification of microorganisms in a heterogeneous foodstuff by image analysis

A relatively inexpensive image analysis system has been developed to semi-automate the detection and quantification of microbial growth in sections of food. A system based on an IBM PC compatible, with a frame store card, was programmed to scan Gram-stained sections using a motorized stage. Each field of view was thresholded after subtraction of a background image and the area between two thresholds measured. In the food studied it was found that, by using a size limit, it was possible to reduce the number of fields that needed to be examined by a microscopist to approximately 3% of those scanned. Visual examination was still required to distinguish bacterial cells from other stained objects which occasionally occur.
Reducing printing in public computing sites

Printing costs are skyrocketing in our public computing sites at the University of Delaware. To reduce printing costs we implemented duplex printing, started a "conservative printing campaign", and are currently investigating print management software.
Salient stressors for mothers of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious illness as evidenced by the following: (a) a high prevalence of co-occurring disorders (Strober, Freeman, & Morrell, 1997), (b) the highest mortality rate of all ...
Unilateral and wandering furrows during mitosis in vertebrates: implications for the mechanism of cytokinesis.

Vertebrate somatic cells sometimes form unilateral furrows during cytokinesis that ingress from only one edge of the cell. In some cases after a cell initiates a normal symmetrical circumferential furrow, one of its edges stops furrowing and regresses while the furrow associated with the opposing edge continues across the cell. In cells containing two independent spindles unilateral furrows are sometimes formed that do not follow a linear path but instead sharply change their direction and wander for >40 microm through the cell. These observations reveal that the 'contractile ring' normally seen during cytokinesis is composed of multiple independent 'furrowing units' that are normally coordinated to form a symmetrical furrow around the cell, and that once formed this so-called contractile band does not function as a 'purse string' as commonly envisioned. Individual furrowing units can work independently of one another, and cytokinesis in vertebrates can be consummated by the formation of a single functional furrowing unit in a localized region of the cell cortex that is then propagated across the cell. How this propagation occurs remains an important question for the future.
TU-G-110-04: Material Decomposition in Cardiovascular CT Imaging with Photon Counting Detector

Purpose: The feasibility of material decomposition in x‐ray spectral computed tomography for detection of vulnerable plaque was investigated.Methods: Simulations were performed for imaging of iodine, gold,calcium, and lipid with a photon counting Cadmium‐Zinc‐Telluride detector. Iodine is used to image the arterial tree, while the goldnanoparticles are used to detect plaque vulnerability to rupture. The concentrations of calcium and lipid in a plaque have been identified to be indicators of plaque's vulnerability to rupture. The four‐material decomposition was performed with the least square minimization technique, including prior calibration for each material. The measured concentrations using decomposition were compared to the known concentrations. Results: The results showed reliable identification of the materials of interest and good agreement in assessment of their concentrations. Measured lipid concentrations (Lm) were related to known lipid concentrations (Lk) as Lm=1.0319Lk−0.0031%. Conclusions: Spectral CT in conjuction with the least square minimization technique can potentially be used for detection of vulnerable plaque.
Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies in thyroid autoimmune disease: Epitopes and origin

Abstract The present report outlines developments since the recent cloning of the TSHR that have allowed definition of epitopes for TSHRAbs present in some autoimmune thyroid diseases and important in the expression of the disease. These studies have indicated that the major TSHR autoantibody determinants are TSHR-specific; this accounts for their specific association with autoimmune thyroid disease and their inability to perturb gonadal function. Since there are different epitopes for stimulating and blocking TSHRAbs, this accounts for the different types of thyroid autoimmune disease associated with receptor autoantibodies, for example, hyperthyroidism and Graves' or hypothyroidism and idiopathic myxedema, respectively. In the course of studies examining receptor regulation at a gene level, a link to the development of these and other thyroid autoantibodies seems to be emerging. This involves regulation of MHC class I genes and their modulation by negative regulatory factors normally expressed in the presence of the multiplicity of hormones important for normal, regulated thyroid function, including TSH. Subversion of negative regulation is suggested to result in autoimmune disease. The result of the loss of negative regulation (Fig. 3) would increase expression of all thyroid specific autoantigens: TSHR, thyroglobulin, and thyroid peroxidase. There would also be an increase in MHC class I gene expression and aberrant class II expression since the negative regulatory factors for each may be interlocked. Methimazole and iodide at autoregulatory levels may be important in reversing this process and returning thyroid function to normal.
Microwave waveguide helium plasmas for electrothermal propulsion

The absorption of microwave energy by a gas within a waveguide is being investigated for use in an electrothermal propulsion device. Plasmas created within a waveguide propagate toward the source of microwave energy and, thus, must be stabilized by some means. A very simple and highly efficient way of stabilizing the plasma is inserting a bluff body made of dielectric material, such as boron nitride, into the flow. The plasma is then stabilized in the recirculation region behind the blunt body. The coupling mechanism between microwave energy and waveguide plasmas was investigated to yield a quantitative understanding of the dependency of the coupling efficiency on such parameters as mass flow rate, power level, and gas pressure. Maximum coupling efficiency values up to 90% could be obtained, being a strong function of the mass flow rate. Spectroscopic measurements yielded values for the electron temperature of the stabilized plasma between 12,000 and 12,800 K.
Zone-axis diffraction patterns by the “Tanaka” method

The “Tanaka” method is one of several techniques that make it possible to obtain zone-axis electron diffraction patterns in a transmission electron microscope without the restriction in the field of view that limits normal convergent-beam diffraction patterns. The method employs a convergent-beam of electrons focused to a probe in a plane that does not coincide with the specimen. The selected area aperture can then be used to eliminate all but one of the diffracted beams to obtain the desired pattern. Practical details of operation and values of operating parameters are discussed. The Tanaka method is a useful addition to the techniques available to the electron microscopist, especially since no instrumental modification is required.
Multimodal Real-Time Contingency Detection for HRI

Our goal is to develop robots that naturally engage people in social exchanges. In this paper, we focus on the problem of recognizing that a person is responsive to a robot’s request for interaction. Inspired by human cognition, our approach is to treat this as a contingency detection problem. We present a simple discriminative Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to compare against previous generative methods introduced in prior work by Lee et al. [1]. We evaluate these methods in two ways. First, by training three separate SVMs with multi-modal sensory input on a set of batch data collected in a controlled setting, where we obtain an average F1 score of 0.82. Second, in an open-ended experiment setting with seven participants, we show that our model is able to perform contingency detection in real-time and generalize to new people with a best F1 score of 0.72.
A study of the antibacterial activity of some complex aluminum salts.

Previous reports have shown that some aluminum salts are antibacterial. The deodorant activity of these salts is partly due to antibacterial action. Aluminum formo acetate and aluminum basic formate were found to possess antibacterial activity in an oil-in-water base and a water-washable base. Aluminum chlorhydroxide complex and aluminum amino acetate showed little or no zone of inhibition in the four types of bases used. pH and the nonionic surfactants Tween® 80 and Span® 40 evidently had little or no influence on the zones of inhibition produced by the two formic acid salts. For the greatest antibacterial activity of an aluminum salt, an oil-in-water emulsion-type base should be employed.
Helping Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Solve Mathematics Word Problems

The author presents a strategy for helping students with emotional and behavioral disorders become more proficient at solving math word problems. Math word problems require students to go beyond simple computation in mathematics (e.g., adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing) and use higher level reasoning that includes recognizing relevant information, disregarding irrelevant information, and choosing the correct arithmetic operation. By teaching a multistep problem-solving strategy and reinforcing completion of each step through a token economy, 4 students improved in their math problem-solving ability and their overall on-task behavior during the work sessions. In addition, 1 student transitioned from a teacher-driven token economy to use the token economy as a self-monitoring system. The author describes this strategy and the accompanying token economy system and provides the results of the intervention for 4 students.
Opioid use behaviors, mental health and pain--development of a typology of chronic pain patients.

Abstract Background The intersection of pain, addiction and mental health has not been adequately described. We describe the roles of these three conditions in a chronic pain patient population using opioid analgesics. Aims were to improve our understanding of this population as well as to explore ways of identifying different types of patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a large integrated group medical practice in Washington State with persons using opioids chronically ( n = 704). Patient classes were derived with latent class analysis using factors representing DSM-IV opioid abuse and dependence, opioid misuse, pain, anxiety and depression. Regression analyses explored the utility of automated and interview data to distinguish the empirically derived patient groups. Results Three classes were identified: a Typical group, the substantial majority that had persistent, moderate mental health and pain symptoms; an Addictive Behaviors group with elevated mental health symptoms and opioid problems, but pain similar to the Typical class; and a Pain Dysfunction class with significantly higher pain interference as well as elevated mental health and opioid problems. Prescribed average daily dose of opioids was three times higher for those in the two atypical groups and was strongly associated with class membership after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion We describe three distinct types of patient classes as well as data elements that could help identify the two atypical types. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the utility of this approach in other clinical settings.
Frequency of Gastrointestinal Problems in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: The Johns Hopkins Experience (P07.105)

Objective: This study proposes to estimate the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) complications in the neurofibromatosis type 1 population known to the Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Background Although the neurological complications associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are widely known, GI complications have been largely undocumented though they can greatly affect morbidity in this population. Plexiform neurofibromas can lead to intestinal obstruction. Central or peripheral neurofibromas may lead to autonomic instability compromising gut function. While patients with NF1 often report GI complications to their providers, the comprehensive study of these complications has not been undertaken. Design/Methods: Chart review on all patients with NF1 at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Subjects were separated by age (>18 years or Results: 309 subjects >18 years and 196 subjects Conclusions: GI complications are common in adults and children with NF1. None of the complications noted were due to a GI stromal tumor. Screening of GI complications should be included in adults and children with NF1. Disclosure: Dr. Wolf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bergner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Obeng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blakeley has nothing to disclose.
Measurement of deuterium quadrupole coupling in CH3OD

Abstract K = 1 → 0 transitions in CH 3 OD for J = 1, 2, 3 and 4 E 2 -type states were measured using a beam maser spectrometer with 6 kHz linewidth (fwhm). Analysis of J = 1 and J = 2 spectra provided a deuterium quadrupole coupling strength along the O-D bond dijection of eg zz Q = 303 ± 12 kHz.
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Structure, Function, Pharmacology, and Clinical Indications

The tremendous therapeutic potential of voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(v)s) has been the subject of many studies in the past and is of intense interest today. Na(v)1.7 channels in particular have received much attention recently because of strong genetic validation of their involvement in nociception. Here we summarize the current status of research in the Na(v) field and present the most relevant recent developments with respect to the molecular structure, general physiology, and pharmacology of distinct Na(v) channel subtypes. We discuss Na(v) channel ligands such as small molecules, toxins isolated from animal venoms, and the recently identified Na(v)1.7-selective antibody. Furthermore, we review eight characterized ligand binding sites on the Na(v) channel α subunit. Finally, we examine possible therapeutic applications of Na(v) ligands and provide an update on current clinical studies.
Band Structure and Interband Optical Absorption in Diamond

In the present paper we compute the interband contribution to the imaginary part ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ of the dielectric constant in diamond. This is done for several model band structures. In particular, we conclude that either the present first-principles calculations have to be modified or there are extremely large many-particle corrections to the interband current near the fundamental ultraviolet absorption edge.
Sodium chlorite administration in long-evans rats: Reproductive and endocrine effects

Long-Evans rats, 4–6 weeks of age, were given access to 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm sodium chlorite in deionized water ad libitum as drinking water. Males were exposed 56 days, and females for 14 days prior to breeding and throughout the 10-day breeding period. Males were evaluated for sperm parameters and reproductive tract histopathology following the breeding period. Females were exposed throughout gestation and lactation. Dams and pups were necropsied at weaning. Decreases in serum T3 and T4 were observed on Postnatal Days 21 and 40 in male and female pups exposed to 100 ppm chlorite or above. Additionally, groups of males were exposed to 0, 10, 100, or 500 ppm ad libitum in the drinking water to confirm observed subtle reproductive effects and examine dose-effect relationships. A significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm morphology (P
Effects of Compression and Collective Expansion on Particle Emission from Central Heavy-Ion Reactions

Conditions under which compression occurs and collective expansion develops in energetic reactions of heavy nuclei, are analyzed, together with their effects on emitted light baryons and pions. Within transport simulations, it is shown that shock fronts perpendicular to beam axis form in head-on reactions. The fronts separate hot compressed matter from normal. As impact parameter increases, the angle of inclination of the fronts relative to beam axis decreases, and in-between the fronts a weak tangential discontinuity develops. Hot matter exposed to the vacuum in directions perpendicular to shock motion (and parallel to fronts), starts to expand sideways, early within reactions. Expansion in the direction of shock motion follows after the shocks propagate through nuclei, but due to the delay does not acquire same strength. Expansion affects angular distributions, mean-energy components, shapes of spectra and mean energies of different particles emitted into any one direction, and further particle yields. Both the expansion and a collective motion associated with the weak discontinuity, affect the magnitude of sideward flow within reaction plane. Differences in mean particle energy components in and out of the reaction plane in semicentral collisions, depend sensitively on the relative magnitude of shock speed in normal matter and speed of sound in hot matter.
Micro-end-milling—III. Wear estimation and tool breakage detection using acoustic emission signals

Acoustic Emission (AE) signals have been used to monitor tool condition in conventional machining operations. In this paper, new procedures are proposed to detect tool breakage and to estimate tool condition (wear) by using AE. The proposed procedure filters the AE signals with a narrow band-width, band-pass filter and obtains the upper envelope of the harmonic signal by using analog hardware. The envelope is digitized, encoded and classified to monitor the machining operation. The characteristics of the envelope of the AE were evaluated to detect tool breakage. The encoded parameters of the envelope of the AE signals were classified by using the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART2) and Abductory Induction Mechanism (AIM) to estimate wear. The proposed tool breakage and wear estimation techniques were tested on the experimental data. Both methods were found to be acceptable. However, the reliability of the tool breakage detection system was higher than the wear estimation method.
A terminal-oriented clinical record system

The key to physician acceptance of computer-based clinical record systems lies in the development of comprehensive record systems providing rapid data input, retrieval, and interaction for the physician. Comprehensiveness is important to avoid duplication of record media in computerized and paper forms. Input and retrieval speeds must be competitive with traditional manual or dictation techniques so that productivity of the physician may be maintained or enhanced rather than degraded.
A longitudinal analysis of technical communication in research and development

A unique longitudinal study of the technical communication patterns of 184 engineers in a high technology research and development laboratory centers in the activities of technology gatekeepers. This two-step flow of technical information follows the literature as well as results from prior studies. Gatekeepers span the organizational boundary in the transfer of technology from outside the laboratory, while facilitating the distribution of technical information to colleagues within the organization. Sociometric data are analyzed over a five-year period with respect to changing organizational structures, new technical assignments and alterations in group composition. Despite these dynamic changes, the data reveal consistent results in gatekeeper identification and technical information flows.
TOTAL asset utilization

An overview of a productivity metric for profitability enhancement and focused cost reduction that addresses the reasons why many cost or quality initiatives under‐deliver or fail to turn efficiency ‘improvements’ into increased profit.
Molecular motors: DNA takes control

Polarized arrays of microtubules can be assembled and disassembled using motor proteins that are programmed by DNA strands.
Effort strategies in a mastery instructional system: The quantification of effort and the impact of effort on achievement

Abstract The mastery method of instruction stresses the importance of student effort to a much greater degree than a traditional approach. Mastery advocates believe that a student can compensate for lower ability through greater persistence. This research attempted to develop variables which quantify a student's willingness to engage in appropriate effort and to relate these variables to student achievement. It was possible to demonstrate that the effort variables accounted for differences in student achievement beyond the impact of differences in student aptitude. Use of this method of assessing effort is urged in more diverse educational settings.
Hologram characterization in an optical memory experiment using photorefractive LiNbO(3).

The design and performance characteristics of a computer interfaced optical memory system that utilizes holographic storage in photorefractive LiNbO3 crystals are examined. An observed resolution limit of 145 μm (at 31 cm beyond the hologram) agrees closely with a 155-μm limit estimate based on spatial filtering and diffraction considerations. Angular and wavelength indexing are compared. A 3-D storage density limit of 1010 bits/cm3 is estimated for angular indexing with the viewing angle optimized.
The catecholamine-containing neurons in the cat dorsolateral pontine tegmentum: Distribution of the cell bodies and some axonal projections

Abstract The distribution and the projections of the catecholamine-containing neurons in the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum of the cat was studied by the fluorescent histochemical technique of Falck and Hillarp. In contrast to the rat locus coeruleus nucleus which is well-defined and consists of densely packed norepinephrine-containing cells, the distribution of the catecholamine cells in the cat pons is more diffuse and more extensive. This extensiveness of the NE system in the pons is mainly due to the existence of catecholamine cells in the ‘subcoeruleus’ nucleus and in the area which surrounds the brachium conjunctivum. The catecholamine cells in the LC nucleus constitute the main source for the dorsal ascending NE pathway; the same cells also innervate the dorsal raphe nucleus and cerebellar cortex via axon collaterals. The catecholamine neurons in the medial locus coeruleus and subcoeruleus nuclei project to the pontine raphe complex, and the catecholamine cells in the lateral portion of the pontine catecholamine system project to the cerebellar cortex. The strong tendency for the catecholamine cell bodies to closely surround the brachium conjunctivum is unique in the cat.
Development and current status of organometallic vapor phase epitaxy

The first success with the growth of III/V semiconductor materials by OMVPE dates back to the mid-1950s. Today, it is the largest volume technique for the production of III/V photonic and electronic devices with commercial reactors yielding 2000 cm 2 /run. This paper will briefly trace the history and the development of key concepts in our understanding of this complex growth process, including brief discussions of the precursors and thermodynamics and kinetics of growth. Special attention will be paid to surface processes and the use of surfactants to control the properties of the resulting materials. Our understanding of this topic is still under rapid development. The discussion will extend to the control of surface processes for the growth of low dimensional structures such as superlattices, and quantum-wells, -wires, and -dots. The emphasis will be mainly semiconductor materials, including novel alloys, but the rapidly developing area of oxides for dielectrics and ferroelectrics for integrated circuits will be discussed briefly.
Seismic Behavior of RC Columns with Interlocking Spirals under Combined Loadings Including Torsion

Abstract Reinforced concrete (RC) columns of skewed and curved bridges with unequal spans or column heights can be subjected to combined loading including axial, flexure, shear, and torsion loads during earthquakes. This combination of seismic loading can induce the complex flexural and shear failure of bridge columns. Seismic performance of bridge RC columns is largely controlled by the level of confinement provided by transverse reinforcement. Interlocking spirals are commonly used in noncircular RC bridge columns because they can provide more effective confinement than rectangular hoops and simplify the column fabrication. However, the seismic behavior of columns with interlocking spirals has been studied only to a limited extent with respect to the hysteretic behavior of pure torsion and the interaction between flexure, shear, and torsion. The presence of torsion significantly affects the inelastic flexural response of RC members under seismic loadings and results in brittle failure modes. This paper presents an experimental study on the inelastic behavior of the RC columns with double interlocking spirals under combined action of cyclic flexural and torsional moments. The columns were designed with aspect ratio (H/B = 5.5) and tested under various loading conditions: cyclic pure torsion, and combined cyclic flexure and torsion. The hysteretic torsional and flexural response, damage distribution, stiffness degradation and ductility characteristics with respect to various torsion-to-bending moment (T/M) ratios are discussed. The significant confinement of interlocking spirals to core concrete and its effect on the torsional resistance under combined loadings is also highlighted. Finally, interaction diagrams were established based on experimental results.
THE SHAPE OF RAT KIDNEY TUBULAR CELLS.

Many cells specialized for ion transport have complex shapes. The cells of the nephron are no exception. Besides the well-documented lateral processes seen in the basal region of many tubular cells, two further specializations are found in rat kidney tubular cells which serve to increase the lateral cell membrane area. These are an interdigitation of processes confined to the apical region, and an inter-digitation of more extensive processes that extend the full height of the cell.
Levels of serotonin during convulsion and the effect of reserpine.

IN view of the contradictory reports1–3 with respect to changes in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels of the mammalian central nervous system during convulsion, this problem was re-examined in rats in which convulsion was induced by intraperitoneal injection of fluoroacetate or ‘Metrazol’. The former convulsant was particularly preferred because, unlike the convulsive agents generally employed, its action can be related to specific biochemical events, that is, blocking of the citric acid cycle4 with concomitant changes in certain amino-acid5- and ammonia6-levels of the central nervous system.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of relatively infrequent isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group: Bacteroides uniformis, bacteroides caccae, and Bacteroides eggerthii

Abstract Using a broth microdilution method, clinical isolates of Bacteroides caccae (10 strains), Bacteroides eggerthii (1 strain), and Bacteroides uniformis (25 strains) were tested to determine their susceptibility to various beta-lactam agents, clindamycin, and metronidazole. All strains were beta-lactamase producers. Strains of B uniformis exhibited the highest incidence of resistance. Among the cephalosporins, ceftizoxime and cefoperazone had minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 90 ) values of 64 g/ml with 16% and 12% resistance rates, respectively, and were more active than cefotaxime (MIC 90 ⩾ 128 g/ml). For the cephamycins, cefoxitin was more active than cefotetan. Strains resistant to ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, and clindamycin were also detected. No resistance was detected to piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem, or metronidazole. Strains of B caccae were susceptible to all the test agents except for a single strain resistant to all beta-lactams alone (except imipenem) and clindamycin. The single strain of B eggerthii was susceptible to all of the antimicrobial agents. These data indicate that the infrequently isolated strains of the B fragilis group produce beta-lactamase and exhibit a diversity of antibiograms.
Translation, Manipulation and the Transfer of Negative Cultural Images: A.C. Safford’s Typical Women of China

AbstractThis article explores the long-ignored yet powerful role played by missionary translation in constructing the images of Chinese women in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Using the missionary Anna Safford’s translation Typical Women of China, it illustrates how images of women from classical Chinese literature were selected and manipulated to meet the translator’s own religious, cultural and political purposes, and how the translation reinforced the existing stereotypes created by other missionary writers. The author examines the historical and cultural contexts in which Safford’s translation was produced and analyzes the problematic relationship between the translated text and its originals. The article identifies the actual sources Safford used and investigates the translational and cultural strategies she developed. Additionally, it discusses the function and significance of missionary translation, as reflected by Safford’s work, in Chinese-American cross-cultural encounters.
Statistical analysis of process parameters influencing dimensional control in ceramic injection molding

Abstract A statistical two-level, 16-run factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of various process parameters on the dimensional variation of injection-molded ceramics. The effects of various solid loadings and feedstock formulations, together with different molding variables, on the shrinkage variation and dimensional tolerance of injection-molded zirconia ceramics were examined. Statistically significant parameters, including the effects from multiple interaction of the selected factors, were determined through the analysis of variance and the F -test. The results suggested that the dimensional variations of both green and sintered moldings were reduced as the molding operation applied a higher hold pressure and a low mold temperature. The general implications in respect of dimensional tolerance in powder injection molding were discussed.
Use of ultrasonography in reproductive management of mares

Abstract Since the introduction of ultrasonography to the equine veterinary field in the early 1980's, its use as a diagnostic tool has expanded dramatically. Initially used strictly for pregnancy detection, more recent applications in reproduction include: 1) monitoring follicular changes and predicting ovulation; 2) confirmation of ovulation and evaluation of corpus luteum morphology; 3) estimating the stage of the estrous cycle; 4) diagnosing ovarian irregularities and pathology; 5) detection of twins and embryo reduction; 6) determining embryonic death; 7) evaluation of uterine pathology; and 8) evaluation of testes and accessory sex glands of stallions. Ultrasonography has now become an indispensable component of an equine embryo transfer program. The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the uses of ultrasound in reproduction in the mare with emphasis on its application in an embryo transfer program.
Bioanalytical method requirements and statistical considerations in incurred sample reanalysis for macromolecules.

Background: Incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) is the most recent in-study validation parameter that regulatory agencies have mandated to ensure reproducibility of bioanalytical methods supporting pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic and clinical studies. The present analysis describes five representative case studies for macromolecule therapeutics. Method: Single ISR acceptance criteria (within 30% of the averaged or original concentration) and a modified Bland–Altman (BA) approach were used to assess accuracy and precision of ISR results. General concordance between the two criteria was examined using simulation studies. Results: All five methods met the ISR criteria. The results indicated that thorough method development and prestudy validation were prerequisites for a successful ISR. The overall agreement between the original and reanalyzed results as determined by BA was within 20%. Simulation studies indicated that concordance between the ISR criteria and BA was observed in 95% of the cases. Dilution factors...