cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPICKER: A clustering approach to identify near‐native protein folds

We have developed SPICKER, a simple and efficient strategy to identify near-native folds by clustering protein structures generated during computer simulations. In general, the most populated clusters tend to be closer to the native conformation than the lowest energy structures. To assess the generality of the approach, we applied SPICKER to 1489 representative benchmark proteins </=200 residues that cover the PDB at the level of 35% sequence identity; each contains up to 280,000 structure decoys generated using the recently developed TASSER (Threading ASSembly Refinement) algorithm. The best of the top five identified folds has a root-mean-square deviation from native (RMSD) in the top 1.4% of all decoys. For 78% of the proteins, the difference in RMSD from native to the identified models and RMSD from native to the absolutely best individual decoy is below 1 A; the majority belong to the targets with converged conformational distributions. Although native fold identification from divergent decoy structures remains a challenge, our overall results show significant improvement over our previous clustering algorithms.
Rate-reliability tradeoff in two-dimensional visual search

Consider the problem of sequentially searching for a single target in a uniform image. Let the image be divided into M × M equal sized segments where M determines the resolution of the search. In each step, the player can visually inspect an allowable combination of the segments and the outcome of the inspection is noisy. The goal is to find the segment that contains the target quickly and accurately. In this paper, a fundamental trade-off between the rate and reliability of information acquisition is established. More specifically, it is shown that as the expected duration of search increases there is a fundamental tension between increasing the resolution of the search versus decreasing the error probability. The proof relies on a lower bound, obtained via a dynamic programming formulation, and an achievability scheme that maximizes the Extrinsic Jensen-Shannon divergence in each step of the search.
Theory and experiments of resonant waveguide gratings under Brewster incidence

Guided-mode resonance refers to a sharp resonance effect in waveguide gratings where efficient energy exchange between reflected and transmitted waves occurs in a small parameter (wavelength, angle, or refractive index) range. High- efficiency optical reflection filters are obtainable using zero-order waveguide gratings based on this effect. In this paper, a new type of high-contrast (high efficiency and low- sideband) guided-mode resonance reflection filter is studied theoretically and experimentally. Low-reflection sidebands and symmetrical resonance lineshapes are achieved by incorporating thin-film Brewster effects for a TM-polarized incident wave. Experimental results verifying the feasibility of this concept are presented.
An Examination of the Additive Versus Convergent Effects of Employee Perceptions of Fit

This study examined additive effects of various types of person–job and person– organization fit. Although numerous studies have investigated the correlates of various fit types, little research has examined whether the effects of different fit types are additive or convergent. The effects of multiple fit perceptions on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intentions were examined. Results indicate additive effects of person–job and person–organization fit perceptions on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The effects of person–job fit perceptions on turnover intentions were also additive. However, person–organization and person– job fit had convergent effects on turnover intention. Results indicate that managers must pay attention to various fit types for positive job attitudes and to reduce turnover. Recent research has focused on the outcomes of employee perceptions of both person–job and person–organization fit. Livingstone, Nelson, and Barr (1997) found demand–abilities and supply-value person–job fit to be differentially related to stress, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. They found both types of person–job fit to be related to creativity. Saks and Ashforth (1997) found that job applicants’ perceptions of fit with a job impacted organizational attractiveness and applicants’ subsequent choices of organizations. Edwards (1996) found significant relationships between both demand–abilities and supply-value person–job fit and stress. Person–job fit also has been shown to be related to turnover intention (Cable & Judge, 1996). Pratt and Ashforth (2003) stated that some form of person–job fit appears to be a major antecedent of meaningful work experiences and engagement. Similarly, person–organization fit has been found to affect many of the same attitudinal and behavioral variables. Research supports strong relationships between person–organization value congruence and job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Boxx, Odom, & Dunn, 1991; Chatman, 1991). O’Reilly and Chatman (1986) found person–organization fit to be 1
Spin-lattice relaxation below 1 K: A new mechanism for unexpected nuclear spin relaxation.

We propose a physical mechanism for the unexpectedly rapid relaxation of the /sup 19/F nuclei in CaF/sub 2/ at millikelvin temperatures. The existence of antiferromagnetically coupled impurity dimers possessing two nearly degenerate electronic levels is postulated. Thermal relaxation between these two levels provides the oscillating fields needed to relax the nuclei. We find that this mechanism couples in a nonlinear fashion the magnetic field and impurity concentration dependence of the relaxation rate. Order-of-magnitude estimates of the relaxation rates are given which are in reasonable agreement with experimental values and predict an approximate linear dependence on impurity concentration.
The difficulties of differentiating vasculitis from its mimics.

The signs and symptoms of vasculitis are not specific, and tests for confirming the diagnosis can be misleading. Thus, when considering a diagnosis of vasculitis, physicians need to keep an open mind. With a case vignette, the author illustrates some of the difficulties in diagnosing "vasculitis."
Reactions of alcohols: VIII. Dehydration of binary mixtures of primary alkanols over nickel-Cab-O-Sil catalysts. Synthesis of mixed ethers

Abstract Equimolar binary mixture of primary alkanols was dehydrated over 5% nickel-Cab-O-Sil catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at 160 and 190 ° to a mixture of two symmetrical and one mixed ether. The following mixtures of alcohols were used: n -butyl alcohol with ethyl-, propyl-, 3-methylbutyl-, isobutyl-, and neopentyl alcohol; isobutyl alcohol with ethyl-, n -propyl-, and neopentyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol with neopentyl alcohol. The total yield of ethers was 94 to 97% at 160 ° and 72 to 85% at 190 °, the remaining were products of dehydrogenation. The composition of the ethers depended greatly on the structure of the alcohols used. Steric factors play an important role in the rate of formation of the ethers.
Daily hassles, sacrifices, and relationship quality for pregnant cohabitors

We use daily diaries to test how relational sacrifices and hassles are associated with relationship satisfaction in a community sample of pregnant, unmarried, cohabitors (n = 34 individuals, or 17 couples). We found that on days when women reported more hassles than usual, their increased daily sacrifices were associated with declines in relationship quality for their male partners, but not for themselves. We discuss reasons why women's own relationship satisfaction is not affected by making greater relational sacrifices on days characterized by higher hassles, such as the possibility that unmarried pregnant women may retain positive illusions of their relationships given the potential costs of breaking up. The results of the present study are of practical use for clinicians working with unmarried pregnant couples to preserve relationship quality – an especially important goal given potential instability and ambiguity involved in these unions.
Interaction of 7-aminoactinomycin D with single- and double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides

7-Aminoactinomycin D is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerase and it has been demonstrated to bind to a single stranded DNA. Wadkins and Jovin showed that there is a 20 to 40 fold enhancement in the fluorescence of 7-aminoactinomycin D upon binding to certain single stranded DNA sequences. We report studies of the thermodynamics of the binding of the parent drug, actinomycin D, to single and double stranded DNA. A five-fold range of association constants is found for the different binding sequences that we have investigated. We will correlate these thermodynamic studies with measurements of the fluorescence enhancement, lifetime, and rotational correlation time of the drug bound to the various single and double stranded oligonucleotides.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hypnosis, Pain and the Context of Therapy

Abstract The therapeutic use of hypnosis in pain syndromes assumes that organic pain can be brought under control through hypnotic techniques. Although it might be inferred from laboratory experiments that the hypnotic control of pain is in direct proportion to the individual's hypnotizability, clinical work would indicate that most motivated patients can achieve sufficient levels of hypnosis to alleviate pain. The psychological state of the patient—regardless of whether the pain was initially organic or psychogenic—modifies the patient's response to therapeutic hypnosis. This paper presents an approach to the patient that helps insure that the context of hypnotherapy will be optimal. Many patients who might otherwise be classified as unhypnotizable can in the appropriate context be helped to utilize hypnosis for the control of their pain.
Lipid to protein chromophore transfer in the photolysis of visual pigments.

VERTEBRATE visual pigments in their native state are the principal components of the membranes of rod and cone outer distal segments1. Like all membrane structures they have a predominantly lipoprotein composition2,3. The traditional picture of the native form of these pigments, developed largely from their preponderant protein properties4, is one of a polyene chromophore bound to a protein through a Schiff base linkage5 and, indeed, the recent demonstration of Bownds6 and Aktar7 of the NaBH4 reductive affixation of the retinylidene chromophore to the e-amino group of a lysine residue in irradiated bovine rhodopsin seems to support this notion. But to assume that this is the binding site in native rhodopsin discounts the possibility of migration of the chromophore in the early stages of the physiological process, and further implies that the chromophore could not have migrated to this particular e-amino group of lysine from some other site in the near neutral pH conditions of the NaBH4 reduction6,7 where Schiff bases are known to hydrolyse readily and undergo inline exchange8.
Association of phospholipase A with a myocardial membrane preparation containing the (Na+ + K+)-Mg2+-ATPase

Abstract Membranes containing the ouabain-sensitive (Na + + K + )-Mg 2+ -ATPase were prepared by treatment of a homogenate of canine heart muscle with deoxycholate followed by extraction with sodium iodide. Phospholipase A 1 , phospholipase A 2 and lysophospholipase activities were found in this preparation of membranes. Phospholipase A 2 had a pH optimum of 8.0 and was stimulated by 1.0 m m -EDTA. Phospholipase A 1 activity had a broad pH activation from 6.5 to 8.0 and showed variable Ca 2+ and EDTA sensitivity. Lysophospholipase activity was present only at acid pH and was stimulated by EDTA. These enzymic activities were different from those of phospholipases previously reported in cardiac microsomes, mitochondria and lysosomes. Identification of the intracellular origin of the membranes containing the (Na + + K + )-Mg 2+ -ATPase is uncertain. However, if this preparation is enriched with sarcolemmal membranes, several roles for the phospholipases may be postulated: modulating the activity of phospholipid-dependent enzymes, such as the (Na + + K + )-Mg 2+ -ATPase, and regulating sarcolemmal permeability.
Influence of Nonuniform Laser Intensities on Ablatively Accelerated Targets

The effect of a nonuniform laser beam on the ablative acceleration of thin foils is investigated by using the fast2d laser-shell simulation code. The results show that laser nonuniformities with scale lengths greater than the distance from the ablation surface to the critical surface would have a severe impact on drive pressure symmetry and hence on pellet gain.
A lightweight transducer platform for use in stationary shallow water horizontal-aspect acoustic surveys

A robust, remotely controlled transducer platform has been designed for use in stationary shallow water acoustic surveys. The transducer array platform is integrated with a weatherized top-side box allowing for collection of acoustic data at remote stations. The platform allows for vertical placement of the transducer array in the water column and for remotely manipulating the transducer pitch. Both a dual-frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) and a BioSonics split-beam transducer were mounted to the platform for simultaneous data collection over a variety of estuarine habitats. The platform is quickly deployed and retrieved by a single user from a small vessel. Effective water depths for optimal use range from 1 to 3.5 m; however, the equipment can be easily deployed at greater depths. The array platform has been in service for 2 years and the performance level and data quality remain high.
A multiple-quadrature eight-node hexahedral finite element for large deformation elastoplastic analysis

Abstract A multiple-quadrature underintegrated hexahedral finite element, which is free of volumetric and shear locking, and has no spurious singular modes, is described and implemented for nonlinear analysis. Finite element formulations are derived in the corotational coordinate system. The use of consistent tangent operators for large deformation elastoplasticity with nonlinear isotropic/kinematic hardening rules preserves the quadratic rate of convergence of the Newton's iteration method in static analysis. Test problems studied demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of this element in solving a wide variety of problems, including sheet metal forming processes.
A rational approach to the radiologic evaluation of children with Wilms' tumor

Fifty patients with Wilms' tumor have been reviewed. The time, nature and results of every radiologic investigative procedure performed on these patients have been reviewed. From this review and with reference to the literature, recommendations are made as to the most appropriate investigations to do in the initial evaluation and subsequent follow-up of patients with Wilms' tumor.
Deformation Behavior of NiAl-Based Alloys Containing Iron, Cobalt, and Hafnium

The effects of alloying additions on the mechanical properties of the B2 intermetallic NiAl have been investigated in both the melt-spun ribbon and consolidated, bulk form. The study is based on a matrix of NiAl-based alloys with up to 20 a/o Co and Fe additions and with reduced Al levels in the range of 30 – 40 a/o. Characterization of the melt-spun ribbon by optical and scanning electron microscopy indicates a range of microstructures: single phase β γ, necklace phase surrounding either martensitic or β grains, and a mixture of equiaxed martensitic and γ grains. Bend ductility is present in melt-spun and annealed ribbons exhibiting the γ necklace structure and in a single phase β material containing 20 a/o Fe. The analysis of compressive flow behavior on consolidated, bulk specimens indicates that the single phase γ alloys exhibit a continuous decrease in yield stress with increasing temperature and profuse microcracking at grain boundaries. In contrast, multiphase (γ + either martensite or β) alloys tend to display a peak in flow stress between 600 and 800K with little or no signs of microcracking. In general, heat treatments which convert the martensitic grains to β + γ result in improved strength at temperatures above 600K and better resistance to crack initiation. These results are discussed in terms of the effects of β, martensite and γ on the yield stress and flow behavior of NiAl-based alloys.
Application of context-based classifier to hyperspectral imagery for mine detection

In remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery, many samples are collected on a given flight and many variable factors contribute to the distribution of samples. Measurements made at different flight times over the same swath may result in different spectral responses due to various environmental conditions and sensor calibration. Many classification methods attempt to classify a sample using labeled datasets or a priori information about the samples. We present a possibilistic context-based approach for class estimation within a random set model. This approach includes novel formulations for model parameters with an intuitive base in probability and measure theory. This approach implicitly retains contextually correlated information in the data and uses it to estimate class labels in the presence of unknown factors-hidden contexts. This new method is applied to AHI (hyperspectral) imagery for the purposes of landmine detection. The results are compared to conventional methods and analyzed.
The British Cotton Industry and International Competitive Advantage: The State of the Debates

(1990). The British Cotton Industry and International Competitive Advantage: The State of the Debates. Business History: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 9-65.
Characterization of gastrin binding to colonic mucosal membranes of guinea pigs.

Gastrin has significant growth and metabolic effects on colonic mucosal cells. It is, however, not known if gastrin receptors are present on colonic mucosal cells that may directly mediate the reported biological effects of gastrin. In the present studies, the presence of specific gastrin binding sites on colonic mucosal membranes was investigated and the binding sites were further characterized. Crude membranes from colonic mucosa of guinea pigs were analyzed for specific binding to gastrin by our published procedures. A significant number (14.7 ± 1.8 fmoles/mg protein) of high affinity gastrin binding sites (Kd = 0.49 = 0.05 mM) were measured, that were specific for binding gastrin/CCK related peptides and demonstrated negligible binding affinity for all other unrelated peptides examined. In addition a large number of low-affinity (Kd = ∼ μM) binding sites were present. In order to further characterize the molecular size of gastrin binding proteins, we used the chemical cross-linking methods, and observed at least four bands of gastrin binding proteins (GBPs) (∼ 33, 45, 80 and 250 KDa), both under reducing and non-reducing conditions, indicating that these proteins were not sub-units of forms linked by disulfide bonds. Interestingly, majority of the specific gastrin binding sites (∼ 70%) were present on the 45 KDa protein, unlike other target cells of gastrin. The presence of N- and O-linked glycosylated moieties were indicated on the 45 KDa protein, based on enzymatic de-glycosylation studies. The relative binding affinity (RBA) of gastrin and a closely related peptide, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK), for GBPs on colonic mucosal membranes was measured in order to determine if GBPs were similar to the CCK-A or CCK-B binding proteins reported in literature. The RBA of gastrin and CCK for displacing the binding of gastrin to the 33, 45, 80 and 250 KDa GBPs on colonic mucosal membranes were calculated to be 39, 100, 78 and 70% (gastrin), and 5.4, 2.9, 3.9 and 2.0% (CCK), respectively, wherein the binding affinity of gastrin for the 45 KDa protein was arbitrarily taken as 100%. Based on the RBA values, it appears more likely that the GBPs on colonic mucosal membranes are more akin to the unique GBPs described on colon cancer cells, and do not represent either the CCK-A or CCK-B binding sites. Based on the cross-linking studies we were not able to determine if the high- and low-affinity binding sites were differentially distributed on the different molecular forms of GBPs measured on the colonic mucosal membranes. The above studies thus indicate for the first time that specific gastrin binding proteins (receptors) are present on colonic mucosal membranes and that these receptor proteins may be directly mediating the observed effects of gastrin on colonic mucosal cells.
The method of separate exponentials: a simple aid to devising intravenous drug-loading regimens.

Simulation of complex dosage regimens for drugs with multicompartmental kinetics is described using the method of separate exponentials. This approach requires that α- and β-phases are treated separately throughout and summed only at the end of the simulation. The method was used to devise a loading regimen for pirmenol, comprising a priming injection, and a rapid loading infusion, followed by a maintenance infusion. The regimen was tested in a patient with excellent agreement. The method of separate exponentials is mathematically simple and of informational value in that it demonstrates when the early distribution phase is important. Its use can avoid the potentially dangerous assumption of one-compartmental kinetics in the design of intravenous loading regimens. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 29, 542–547; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.76
Borane B-C Bond Cleavage by a Low-Coordinate Iron Hydride Complex and N-N Bond Cleavage by the Hydridoborate Product.

The iron(II) hydride dimers [LRFe(μ-H)2FeLR] (LMe = 2,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)pent-3-yl; LtBu = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)hept-4-yl) abstract hydrocarbyl groups from BR‘3 (R‘ = Et, Ph) to give LRFeR‘ and LRFe(μ-H)2BR‘2. Mechanistic studies with R = R‘ = Me are consistent with a process in which the hyride dimer opens one Fe−H bond, and subsequent B−H bond formation is concerted with dissociation of an Fe−H unit. Cleavage of boron−carbon bonds is likely to proceed at least in part from transient quaternary borate anions formed through disproportionation of HBEt3-. In a separate bond-breaking reaction, LMeFe(μ-H)2BEt2 reacts with N2H4 to form a 1:1 adduct, which has been crystallographically characterized. Upon heating, it ejects H2 from the bridging hydrides and cleaves the N−N bond to form the diaminoborate complex LMeFe(μ-NH2)2BEt2. These novel bond-breaking reactions are facilitated by the low coordination number at the iron(II) center.
Compositional Variation in the Tunk Lake Granite Pluton, Southeastern Maine

The Tunk Lake granite pluton is exposed over a circular area of 70 square miles in southeastern Maine. It intrudes the Ordovician (?) Ellsworth Schist, the middle Paleozoic Bays-of-Maine gabbroic-granitic complex, and Middle Devonian biotite granite and quartz monzonite. From the margin of the pluton to the core, six concentric gradational zones are recognized: 1 magnetite-aegirine augite granite chill zone; II hornblende-aegirine augite granite; III hornblende granite; IV hornblende-biotite granite; V biotite granite; VI biotite quartz monzonite. Modal and chemical data for the pluton show regular compositional variation from margin to core. Quartz and oligoclase increase inward, whereas total feldspar, perthite, percentage of albite in perthite, and total mafics and accessories decrease. The dominant mafic mineral varies inward according to the series magnetite-aegirine augite-hornblende-biotite. SiO2 increases toward the core of the pluton paralleling the quartz variation, whereas Al2O3, Na2O + K2O, FeO + Fe2O3, and CaO decrease corresponding to the variation in total feldspar and total mafics and accessories. Emplacement of the pluton at an assumed depth from one to three miles occurred by piecemeal stoping along marginal zones of ring fracturing and by cauldron subsidence or stoping of large blocks in the central zones. The magma at the time of intrusion is assumed to have had a composition, indicated by a calculated average for the pluton, approximately equal to the biotite granite of zone V, a volatile content from 2 to 3 percent, and a temperature of 800° C. Crystallization began in the outer portions of the pluton with precipitation of magnetite and aegirine augite followed by sodium-rich alkali feldspar and quartz. Exsolution of feldspar was followed by the partial replacement of primary mafic minerals by hornblende and biotite. During crystallization, silica-rich aqueous fluids migrated from the margins to the center of the pluton. The marginal rocks were left quartz-poor, and feldspar- and mafic-rich. The core rocks became quartz-rich. In the central zones additional water lowered crystallization temperatures allowing oligoclase, hornblende, and biotite to form as primary minerals and also facilitated late-stage recrystallization. Recrystallization fluxed by hydrous fluids accounts for fine-grained intergranular material in the central granites and also for sheets, lenses, and irregular bodies of fine-grained rock throughout the pluton. The pluton is related to several circum-Atlantic groups of intrusions which are similar in size, shape, petrography, and emplacement. Mineralogical and compositional variations in the granitic rocks of the White Mountain plutonic-volcanic series of New Hampshire and the “Younger Granites” of Northern Nigeria are similar to trends observed in the zones of the Tunk Lake pluton. In the Tunk Lake body, the variations occur within a single, gradational intrusion with a relatively simple crystallization history which may closely parallel those of the White Mountain and Nigerian intrusive complexes.
Physical abuse, social support, self-care, and pregnancy outcomes of older adolescents.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationships between physical abuse, social support, self-care agency and practices, and pregnancy outcome for older adolescent mothers and infants. Design Predictive-correlational design based on Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing and featuring a prospective cohort analysis. Prenatal interviews and medical record review after delivery were both used as data sources. Setting: Public prenatal clinics. Participants: Pregnant adolescents who were at least 18 years of age at the time of the prenatal interview and no more than 19 years of age at conception. Complete data were available for 139 participants. Main Outcome Measures: Infant birth weight, pregnancy complications. Results: Twenty-two percent (n=30) of the adolescents in this sample reported that they experienced physical abuse during their pregnancy. Abused pregnant adolescents gave birth to infants with significantly lower birth weights (M=3,144g) than did adolescent mothers who were not abused (M=3,310g) (t=1.99; p=.025). The interaction effect of abuse and the social support factors of shelter and family help , self-care agency, household size , and prenatal care were significant predictors of infant birth weight. Abused adolescents had significantly more previous miscarriages, substance use, and triage visits during their pregnancies. Conclusions: Identification of abused adolescents and their social resources during pregnancy may enhance prediction of infants at high risk and provide opportunities for intervention.
SEMIQUANTITATIVE COMPUTERIZED IMAGE ANALYSIS OF FETAL HEMOGLOBIN DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIA AND ITS VARIANTS

Computerized, semiquantitative image analysis of 2913 erythrocytes from 29 young patients with sickle cell anemia and its variants was conducted utilizing a modified method for determination of fetal hemoglobin distribution by an acid elution procedure. Histograms of eight arbitrary levels of staining intensity, proportional to fetal hemoglobin levels, were analyzed in relationship to both computer-generated, mathematical parameters of erythrocytic shape abnormalies and clinical parameters of disease severity. Shifts in fetal hemoglobin distribution were observed in analysis of sequential specimens. An inverse correlation was observed between angularity of erythrocytes and their individual fetal hemoglobin content (p ⩽ 0.05). A positive correlation was noted between growth percentiles and percentage erythrocyte ghosts by acid elution (p ⩽ 0.01).
A strategy for the regional characterization of potential energy surfaces

The problem of characterization of a region of an n-dimensional potential energy surface with maximization of the quality of representation for a given amount of computational effort is examined with the aid of well known theorems from numerical analysis. A choice of nonlinear grid and a representation of the potential expanded in Chebyshev polynomials is shown to be efficient. The strategy was applied to a two-dimensional analytical representation of a transition state and to the ground-state equilibrium geometry region of the Hartree-Fock potential energy surface obtained with split-valence basis sets for H2O, H2S, and H2Se. Results are reported for the equilibrium geometries and force constants for these molecules. Results are comparable to those obtained by others for H2O and H2S. A full set of values is reported for H2Se.
RF and mm-wave SOP module platform using LCP and RF MEMS technologies

In this paper, we present a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) based multilayer packaging technology combined with RF-MEMS technology and its emergence as an ideal platform for low cost, multi-band and reconfigurable RF front-end module integration. LCP's very low water absorption (0.04%), low cost and high electrical performance makes it very appealing for RF applications. Here, we describe the characterization of LCP material up to W band, design of single input single output (SISO) dual band filters with insertion loss as low as 2.4 dB in L band and 1.8 dB in C band respectively. MEMS-SOP switch fabrication and finally integration of C band wireless LAN (WLAN) module demonstrates the potential for compact, multiband and reconfigurable systems. This is the first complete report on the combination of LCP with RF-MEMS technology as a new approach towards the System-On-Package (SOP) solutions for wireless communication applications.
Theory of Work Adjustment Personality Constructs

Abstract The Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) has proposed personality and adjustment style dimensions, hut these do not yet have adequate measures. This research was an attempt to measure those constructs proposed by TWA as if they were traits. Archival data and an existing item pool were used. A rational-empirical iterative method of scale development was employed. Content-based scales were analyzed for homogeneity, and items were discarded based on improvement in reliability, in successive steps. The resulting scales were reviewed for content, items were discarded, and then the scales were reanalyzed. Three psychometrically sound scales were developed: Inflexibility, Activeness, and Re-activeness. Initial validation of the scales began by examining correlations between the three scales and the SCII General Occupational Themes and the Minnesota Importance Questionnaire Value scores using a rehabilitation sample.
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Classic Solute Transport Boundary Value Problems

Transport phenomena for different boundary conditions in finite and effectively semi-infinite domains were successfully simulated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We verified an LBM solute transport algorithm and its boundary conditions by comparing simulation results with analytical solutions for four different one-dimensional solute transport problems. Zero-diffusion analytical breakthrough curves were derived for parallel plate and pipe flow, and LBM simulations with small diffusion coefficients matched these well. Simulations of solute transport in one-dimensional finite and semi-infinite domains were performed at a low column Peclet number (Pe = 1) for first- and third-type inlet boundary conditions; these followed the analytical solutions closely. A series of transport simulations were performed to demonstrate the impact of diffusion and dispersion on the solute front. Taylor dispersion coefficients for the simulated range of Peclet numbers were estimated using moment analysis of the concentration obtained from transport simulation by the LBM. The simulation results showed good agreement with theoretical predictions and thus verified the robustness of LBM-based transport models.
Accessibility of cellulose: a critical review

Abstract The controversy as to whether the accessibility of cellulose is a measure of crystal surfaces or of amorphous regions in the cellulose is reviewed. Recent claims that cellulose is composed of completely crystalline elementary fibrils of dimensions 40 × 50 A and that all chemical reactions of cellulose occur on the surface of the fibrils, do not explain many observations which indicate the presence of amorphous structures. Based on X-ray diffraction, chemical hydrolysis, moisture absorption, theoretical calculations of elastic constant, kinetic studies of alkaline degradation, and the lateral-order distribution curve of cellulose, evidence exists favouring the conventional micellar theory. The assumption of a gradual transition between the amorphous and crystalline regions in cellulose offers an explanation of the discrepancies among the accessibility values recorded by different methods.
Nutritional factors in hemodynamics. II. Hypertension during pteroylglutamic acid administration in albino rats.

Albino rats treated with pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) developed a significant increase in blood pressure, as compared with litter mate controls of the same sex. The hypertension was associated with wedge-shaped fibroblastic renal cortical lesions. Factors possibly important etiologically in the elevation of blood pressure are discussed in relation to certain of the metabolic roles of pteroylglutamic acid.
An edge-based heuristic for Steiner routing

A new approximation heuristic for finding a rectilinear Steiner tree of a set of nodes is presented. It starts with a rectilinear minimum spanning tree of the nodes and repeatedly connects a node to the nearest point on the rectangular layout of an edge, removing the longest edge of the loop thus formed. A simple implementation of the heuristic using conventional data structures is compared with previously existing algorithms. The performance (i.e., quality of the route produced) of our algorithm is as good as the best reported algorithm, while the running time is an order of magnitude better than that of this best algorithm. It is also shown that the asymptotic time complexity for the algorithm can be improved to O(n log n), where n is the number of points in the set. >
Algorithms for defining visual regions-of-interest: comparison with eye fixations

Many machine vision applications, such as compression, pictorial database querying, and image understanding, often need to analyze in detail only a representative subset of the image, which may be arranged into sequences of loci called regions-of-interest (ROIs). We have investigated and developed a methodology that serves to automatically identify such a subset of aROIs (algorithmically detected ROIs) using different image processing algorithms (IPAs), and appropriate clustering procedures. In human perception, an internal representation directs top-down, context-dependent sequences of eye movements to fixate on similar sequences of hROIs (human identified ROIs). In the paper, we introduce our methodology and we compare aROIs with hROIs as a criterion for evaluating and selecting bottom-up, context-free algorithms. An application is finally discussed.
Integrated environment for information management in VLSI design

Rapid advances in semiconductor fabrication technology have resulted in an explosion of the number of components realizable on a Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit. The design process which exploits this technology is extremely complex and must be supported by a project environment. To this end we examine the design process. The goal of VLSI design is to ‘compile’ a high level specification through a series of intermediate representations to the final ‘buildable’ circuit while taking full advantage of the available technology. During the design process a tremendous volume of information is generated. This paper presents an environment which is designed to facilitate the organization and handling of information generated during a VLSI design project.
Energy harvesting devices for high voltage transmission line monitoring

Sensor nodes with wireless communication capability are essential elements in future intelligent transmission line monitoring system. This paper focuses on designing two types of transmission line mounted energy harvesting devices to realize the self-power of these nodes. First, the well-known electric field based energy harvesting method is further analyzed to identify circuit design guidelines. Then, a feasibility study of a low cost linear generator that utilizes the magnetic field produced by high voltage dc lines is presented. Although the power density of the linear generator is low, a case study shows that it could be utilized to continuously charge a battery for pulsed communications.
Appreciating Key Experiments

Gilbert and Mulkay, in their paper ‘Experiments Are the Key’, present responses of scientists to questions about the development of the chemiosmotic hypothesis of energy coupling in oxidative and photophosphorylation, and infer from these responses both the meaninglessness of the concept ‘key experiment’ and the hopelessness of searching for any data as a bedrock for historical analysis. Gilbert and Mulkay's nihilism is, however, rooted in a lack of understanding of the specific scientific issues involved. A closer look at a proposed ‘key experiment’ shows certain obvious characteristics that could be criteria for a ‘key experiment’ moreover, the actual scientific response to that experiment demonstrates its pivotal role in the development of the field. Instead of demonstrating the lack of empirical bases for scientific judgment, Gilbert and Mulkay demonstrate the necessity for identifying the crucial issues and pursuing them, in questioning the scientists as well as in examining other sources.
Sex roles and perceptions of femininity and masculinity of Hispanic women: A review of the literature.

This article evaluates the research conducted on sex roles and perceptions of femininity and masculinity of Hispanic women. It begins with a critical review of early social and anthropological studies in which the roles of Hispanic women before the advent of the women's movement in the 1960s are described. The paper continues with more recent psychosocial studies that question the traditional portrayal of male-female roles and allocation of power in Hispanic families. Finally, the studies on Hispanics that measure the psychological dimension of femininity and masculinity are reviewed and summarized in a table including authors, sample, methodology and results.
Radiative heat transfer in a hydrous mantle transition zone

Abstract The structure and dynamics of Earth's interior depend crucially upon heat flow and thus upon the thermal conductivity of its constituents. We measured optical absorbance spectra of hydrous wadsleyite and hydrous ringwoodite at simultaneous high-pressure and high-temperature conditions up to 26 GPa and 823 K in order to determine their radiative conductivities and to study the potential influence of hydration in the transition zone on thermal conductivity of the mantle. We report radiative thermal conductivities of 1.5±0.2 Wm −1 K −1 for hydrous wadsleyite and 1.2±0.1 Wm −1 K −1 for hydrous ringwoodite at transition zone conditions. The analytically derived radiative thermal conductivities of anhydrous wadsleyite and ringwoodite are 40% and 33% higher, respectively. The total thermal conductivities, calculated from temperature- and pressure-dependent optical absorption measurements, maintain an energy transmission window in the infrared and visible spectral range at high pressures and temperatures. The results indicate that the mantle transition zone may contribute significantly to heat transfer in the mantle and demonstrate the importance of radiative heat transfer in controlling geodynamic processes in Earth's mantle.
Mechanisms of pressure-diuresis and pressure-natriuresis in Dahl salt-resistant and Dahl salt-sensitive rats

Background Data on blood flow regulation, renal filtration, and urine output in salt-sensitive Dahl S rats fed on high-salt (hypertensive) and low-salt (prehypertensive) diets and salt-resistant Dahl R rats fed on high-salt diets were analyzed using a mathematical model of renal blood flow regulation, glomerular filtration, and solute transport in a nephron.
Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms

The traditional view of atherosclerosis as a lipid storage disease crumbles in the face of extensive and growing evidence that inflammation participates centrally in all stages of this disease, from the initial lesion to the end-stage thrombotic complications. Investigators now appreciate that narrowing arteries do not necessarily presage myocardial infarction and that simply treating narrowed blood vessels does not prolong life. Although invasive approaches such as angioplasty and coronary artery bypass will remain necessary in some cases, we now understand that at least some of the cardiovascular benefits attributable to medical treatment and lifestyle modification (diet and physical activity) may result from reductions in inflammatory processes.
Maximizing recovery of native protein from aggregates by optimizing pressure treatment.

Recovering native protein from aggregates is a common obstacle in the production of recombinant proteins. Recent reports have shown that hydrostatic pressure is an attractive alternative to traditional denature-and-dilute techniques, both in terms of yield and process simplicity. To determine the effect of process variables, we subjected tailspike aggregates to a variety of pressure-treatment conditions. Maximum native tailspike yields were obtained with only short pressure incubations (<5 min) at 240 MPa. However, some tailspike aggregates were resistant to pressure, despite multiple cycles of pressure. Extending the postpressure incubation time to 4 days improved the yield of native protein from aggregates from 19.4 ± 0.9 to 47.4 ± 19.6 μg/mL (approximately 78% yield of native trimer from nonaggregate material). The nearly exclusive conversion of monomer to trimer over the time scale of days, when combined with previous kinetic data, allows for the identification of three postpressure kinetic phases: a rapid phase consisting of structured dimer conversion to trimer (30 min), an intermediate phase consisting of monomer conversion to aggregate (100 min), and a slow phase consisting of conversion of monomer to trimer (days). Optimizing the production of structured dimer can yield the highest level of folded protein. Typical refolding additives, such as glycerol, or low-temperature incubation did not improve yields.
Microfluidic LC device with orthogonal sample extraction for on-chip MALDI-MS detection

A microfluidic device that enables on-chip matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) detection for liquid chromatography (LC) separations is described. The device comprises an array of functional elements to carry out LC separations, integrates a novel microchip-MS interface to facilitate the orthogonal transposition of the microfluidic LC channel into an array of reservoirs, and enables sensitive MALDI-MS detection directly from the chip. Essentially, the device provides a snapshot MALDI-MS map of the content of the separation channel present on the chip. The detection of proteins with biomarker potential from MCF10A breast epithelial cell extracts, and detection limits in the low fmol range, are demonstrated. In addition, the design of the novel LC-MALDI-MS chip entices the promotion of a new concept for performing sample separations within the limited time-frame that accompanies the dead-volume of a separation channel.
Symptoms and Signs in Brain Disease

Brain disease can present with many symptoms and signs. Patients complain about their symptoms; physicians observe signs (e.g., objective abnormalities on neurological examination). Symptoms can include alterations in thinking and consciousness, seizures, visual blind spots, double vision, difficulty with smell, loss of dexterity or power or both, problems with gait, and sensory abnormalities.
Electronic Billboards Along the Information Superhighway: Liability Under the Lanham Act for Using Trademarks to Key Internet Banner Ads

With almost one billion web pages on the Internet today, a search engine is a necessity at times. But search engines are also for-profit ventures and the financial success of these sites hinges on advertising revenue. One of the ways in which these sites generate income is by selling “keywords” to advertisers. Although there has been only one judicial decision – Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Netscape Communications – involving banner ads keyed to trademarks, it will undoubtedly not be the last. This article argues that despite the invisible nature of this unauthorized trademark use, the common practice of keying a banner ad to another's trademark is a potential violation of the Lanham Act, giving rise to claims for trademark infringement, false designation of origin and trademark dilution.
Conservation Forestry for Sustainable Great Plains Ecosystems

Two hundred years ago, the American Great Plains was a region dominated by grassland yet enriched by patches of woody vegetation, a region of harsh climatic extremes characterized by spring flooding and summer drought, and a region devastated by wildfire yet renewed by regrowth. Forests moved onto the Plains during periods of abundant moisture only to be pushed back by drought and wildfire.
Auction Schemes for Energy and Signal Cooperation in Two-Hop Networks

In this paper, we study a cooperative two-hop network with multiple sources and multiple relays where the energy required for the relays is transferred by the sources. In return, the relays transmit the sources' data, along with their own data, to the destination. We consider the setup where each node's objective is to maximize the amount of its own data delivered to the destination. We take a game theoretic approach and first model the selfish cooperation scenario with one source and one relay as a Stackelberg game where (i) the relay or (ii) the source is the leader. We demonstrate how the leader of the game takes advantage of its ability to compute the follower's optimal strategy to influence the follower and improve its own utility. In both cases, we also consider the case with multiple followers. We employ Vickrey auctions to model the inter-follower competition. We identify the winner of the auction in both cases and observe that the followers must compromise their individual utilities to win the auction. Consequently, the leader's utility turns out to be nondecreasing in the number of competing followers.
A Reclassification of the Dacini (Tephritidae-Diptera)

As I have indicated in various publications on the Dacini, I cannot agree with the generic concepts which have been followed by most of the workers on this group. I prefer not to base genera upon secondary sexual characters, unless accompanied by ample supporting characters, preferably common to both sexes. I also prefer not to base genera upon single chaetotaxic characters, i. e., the presence or absence of certain bristles, in varying combinations, unless accompanied by supporting characters. In my detailed study of this group such variations and intergradations have been seen in the chaetotaxy that it is felt that these are not always reliable criteria.
Introduction to Special Section of Educational Psychologist on Educational Assessment: Validity Arguments and Evidence—Blending Cognitive, Instructional, and Measurement Models and Methods

For several decades, assessment has constituted one of the most controversial issues in education with respect to matters of theory, design, implementation, and educational policy. Many of the argu...