cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Past and present-day biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in East Asia

Biogenic volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions from vegetation in East Asia are estimated for two contrasting land-cover scenarios: near present-day conditions derived from satellite data and pre-disturbed land-cover based on climatological parameters and plant functional type. Hourly fluxes of isoprene and monoterpenes are calculated on a grid of 60 km � 60 km cells coveringmuch of East Asia usingmeteorolog ical conditions derived from a 12-month simulation of the region using regional climate model, monthly leaf area indexes, and the Guenther et al. (J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1995) 1345) ecosystem-dependent emission factors. Total present-day isoprene emissions are estimated at approximately 12 TgC yr � 1 and monoterpene emissions at 6 TgC yr � 1 . These emissions are approximately 5.4 and 4T g Cy r � 1 lower than the estimated pre-disturbed emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes, respectively, largely due to the conversion of forested land to cropland. ORVOC emission estimates for the present-day scenario, obtained by assuming a constant ORVOC emission factor for all ecosystems, are slightly higher in magnitude than isoprene emissions. Present-day totals of combined biogenic and anthropogenic VOC emissions are generally larger than biogenic VOC emissions in the pre-disturbed scenario, indicating that human activities have led to a net increase in the atmospheric source of VOC in East Asia. r 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
On Identifying Primary User Emulation Attacks in Cognitive Radio Systems Using Nonparametric Bayesian Classification

Primary user emulation (PUE) attacks, where attackers mimic the signals of primary users (PUs), can cause significant performance degradation in cognitive radio (CR) systems. Detection of the presence of PUE attackers is thus an important problem. In this paper, using device-specific features, we propose a passive, nonparametric classification method to determine the number of transmitting devices in the PU spectrum. Our method, called DECLOAK, is passive since the sensing device listens and captures signals without injecting any signal to the wireless environment. It is nonparametric because the number of active devices needs not to be known as a priori. Channel independent features are selected forming fingerprints for devices, which cannot be altered postproduction. The infinite Gaussian mixture model (IGMM) is adopted and a modified collapsed Gibbs sampling method is proposed to classify the extracted fingerprints. Due to its unsupervised nature, there is no need to collect legitimate PU fingerprints. In combination with received power and device MAC address, we show through simulation studies that the proposed method can efficiently detect the PUE attack. The performance of DECLOAK is also shown to be superior than that of the classical non-parametric mean shift (MS) based clustering method.
Adenosine mediates IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling in the lung and interacts in an IL-13-adenosine amplification pathway

IL-13 is an important mediator of inflammation and remodeling. We hypothesized that adenosine accumulation, alterations in adenosine receptors, and adenosine-IL-13 autoinduction are critical events in IL-13-induced pathologies. To test this, we characterized the effects of IL-13 overexpression on the levels of adenosine, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, and adenosine receptors in the murine lung. We also determined whether adenosine induced IL-13 in lungs from ADA-null mice. IL-13 induced an inflammatory and remodeling response that caused respiratory failure and death. During this response, IL-13 caused a progressive increase in adenosine accumulation, inhibited ADA activity and mRNA accumulation, and augmented the expression of the A 1 , A 2 B , and A 3 but not the A 2 A adenosine receptors. ADA enzyme therapy diminished the IL-13-induced increase in adenosine, inhibited IL-13-induced inflammation, chemokine elaboration, fibrosis, and alveolar destruction, and prolonged the survival of IL-13-transgenic animals. In addition, IL-13 was strongly induced by adenosine in ADA-null mice. These findings demonstrate that adenosine and adenosine signaling contribute to and influence the severity of IL-13-induced tissue responses. They also demonstrate that IL-13 and adenosine stimulate one another in an amplification pathway that may contribute to the nature, severity, progression, and/or chronicity of IL-13 and/or Th2-mediated disorders.
Factors preventing gun acquisition and carrying among incarcerated adolescent males.

Context Despite the wide availability of guns in the United States, not all delinquent adolescents own guns and not all adolescent gun owners carry them at all times. Research about the factors that prevent high-risk youth from acquiring and carrying guns is limited. Objective To determine, from the perspective of incarcerated adolescent males, factors that prevent acquiring or carrying guns, either on a temporary or permanent basis. Design and Setting In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with randomly selected incarcerated adolescent males at a residential juvenile justice facility from January to May 1998. Transcribed interviews were examined for recurrent themes. Participants Forty-five incarcerated adolescent males. Main Outcome Measures Reported factors limiting gun acquisition and carrying. Results Seventy-one percent of the sample had either owned or carried a gun out of their home. We identified 6 recurring themes that, at least on occasion, prevented or delayed delinquent youth from acquiring or carrying guns. The most commonly cited factors were fear of being arrested and incarcerated and lack of perceived need for a gun. Other themes included not wanting to hurt oneself or others, respect for the opinions of others, inability to find a source for a desired gun, and lack of money to acquire a desired gun. Conclusions We identified 6 factors that limited gun acquisition and carrying among a sample of incarcerated male adolescents. Knowledge of these factors should inform intervention efforts to reduce youth gun acquisition and carrying.
Cloud Sky Cover versus Cloud Fraction: Whole-Sky Simulations and Observations

Abstract The relationship between hemispherical sky cover and nadir-view cloud fraction is examined by using both model simulations and surface observations. Monte Carlo simulations of ground-based hemispherical measurements are based on four-dimensional cloud fields produced by a large-eddy simulation model. Surface hemispherical observations are performed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program’s Cloudiness Intercomparison Intensive Operational Period. It is shown that (i) 15-min averages of frequently sampled (30 s) sky cover provide a reasonable estimation of the cloud fraction for limited fields of view and that (ii) this estimation can be substantially improved (for cumulus clouds) if additional information about the cloud aspect ratio is incorporated into the retrieval process.
Structured Journal Club as a Tool to Teach and Assess Resident Competence in Practice-Based Learning and Improvement

Purpose To describe the use of the journal club as a tool to teach and assess competency in practice-based learning (PBL) and improvement among residents in ophthalmology. Design Interventional case series. Participants Ophthalmology residents. Setting Three academic ophthalmology residency programs in the United States. Methods A survey was performed of self-assessed skills in PBL among residents in ophthalmology training before and after the implementation of a structured review checklist during a traditional resident journal club. The survey had 5 domains, including (A) appraise and assimilate evidence, (B) read a journal article critically, (C) use a systematic and standardized checklist, (D) apply knowledge of study designs and statistical methods, and (E) maintain a self-documented written record of compliance. The respondents scored their ability (range, 1–5). Results The use of a structured journal club tool was associated with a statistically significant improvement in self-assessed ability in all 5 domains. Conclusions Although validity, reliability, and long-term efficacy studies are necessary, the structured journal club is one method of teaching and assessing resident competency in PBL and improvement.
Landscape patterns of vegetation change indicated by soil carbon isotope composition

Vegetation change, particularly from the grass to shrub life form, is a critical issue on the world’s semiarid rangelands. Stable carbon isotope (y 13 C) values and associated radiocarbon ages from soil organic matter (SOM) were used to evaluate vegetation change across five landscape positions at a small enclosed basin in southeastern Arizona. Light and dense SOM fractions were separated to distinguish recent vegetation changes. The direction and timing of vegetation change differed with landscape position along a gentle elevation gradient from the basin outlet to a nearby volcanic ridge top. C4 perennial grasses have dominated the basin outlet, center, and toe slope landscape positions since at least 5000–6000 years BP, except for the dominance of C3 plants at the bottom of the outlet excavation at 5000 years BP. This isotopic change is associated with rounded cobbles that may have been a stream channel, suggesting the presence of C3 herbaceous or woody riparian vegetation. On midslope and ridge top landscape positions, where semidesert shrubs now dominate, the proportion of plants with C4 metabolism calculated from mass balance mixing formulas decreased from approximately 60% as recently as 400 years BP to only 1.5% observed today. The light SOM fraction from mid-slope and ridge top surface soil horizons was approximately 30% C4 and had a post-bomb date, suggesting that the conversion from grass to shrub occurred over the last several decades. D 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Identifying rare variants for genetic risk through a combined pedigree and phenotype approach: application to suicide and asthma

Suicidal behavior is a complex disorder, with evidence for genetic risk independent of other genetic risk factors including psychiatric disorders. Since 1996, over 3000 DNA samples from Utah suicide decedents have been collected and banked for research use through the Utah Medical Examiner. In addition, over 12,000 Utah suicides were identified through examination of death certificates back to 1904. By linking this data with the Utah Population Database, we have identified multiple extended pedigrees with increased risk for suicide completion. A number of medical conditions co-occur with suicide, including asthma, and this study was undertaken to identify genetic risk common to asthma and suicide. This study tests the hypothesis that a particular comorbid condition may identify a more homogeneous genetic subgroup, facilitating the identification of specific genetic risk factors in that group. From pedigrees at increased risk for suicide, we identified three pedigrees also at significantly increased familial risk for asthma. Five suicide decedents from each of these pedigrees, plus an additional three decedents not from these pedigrees with diagnosed asthma, and 10 decedents with close relatives with asthma were genotyped. Results were compared with 183 publicly available unaffected control exomes from 1000 Genomes and CEPH (Centre d'etude du polymorphisme humain) samples genotyped on the same platform. A further 432 suicide decedents were also genotyped as non-asthma suicide controls. Genotyping was done using the Infinium HumanExome BeadChip. For analysis, we used the pedigree extension of Variant Annotation, Analysis and Search Tool (pVAAST) to calculate the disease burden of each gene. The Phenotype Driven Variant Ontological Re-ranking tool (Phevor) then re-ranked our pVAAST results in context of the phenotype. Using asthma as a seed phenotype, Phevor traversed biomedical ontologies and identified genes with similar biological properties to those known to result in asthma. Our top associated genes included those related to neurodevelopment or neural signaling (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (SMPD2), homeobox b2 (HOXB2), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM2), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A0 (HNRNPA0)), inflammation (free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)) and inflammation with additional evidence of neuronal involvement (oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)). Of particular interest, BDNF has been previously implicated in both psychiatric disorders and asthma. Our results demonstrate the utility of combining pedigree and co-occurring phenotypes to identify rare variants associated with suicide risk in conjunction with specific co-occurring conditions.
Reducing medical service utilization by encouraging vaccines: randomized controlled trial.

Background Vaccination against influenza is associated with reductions in hospitalizations for heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, pneumonia, or influenza, and the risk of death from all causes during the influenza season. Design Randomized controlled trial. Participants All members enrolled in the Blue Cross Blue Shield Association's Government Wide Service Benefit Program in the states of Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Kentucky, California, Arizona, Utah, and Colorado in October 2002. The sample size was 339,220 members. Intervention Two identical influenza/pneumonia direct mail marketing pieces that encouraged members to receive influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. The study period was October 15, 2002 through March 15, 2003 when most influenza cases occur. Data were collected in July 2003 and analyzed during August 2003. Main outcome measures Administrative claims based on influenza/pneumonia inpatient admissions and emergency department (ED) visits. Results The intervention group experienced a 2.62% (p=0.010) higher rate of influenza vaccinations; 4.61% (p=0.080) higher rate of pneumonia vaccinations; 9.67% (p=0.136) lower rate of influenza/pneumonia inpatient admissions; and 22.64% (p=0.002) lower rate of influenza/pneumonia ED visits compared to the control group. The benefit-cost ratio (return on investment) from this intervention was estimated to be $2.21 per dollar spent. Conclusions Administrative claims data suggest that members respond to health plan mailings with an increase in influenza vaccination rates. Health plans can cost-effectively impact medical service utilization and vaccination rates by mailing information to their members.
Dietary restriction and longevity extension as a manifestation of Hormesis

Abstract Restricting the food intake of rats and mice to 60% of ad libitum intake has been shown to significantly slow their aging processes and markedly extend length of life. Evidence is presented that indicates the antiaging action of this dietary restriction is a manifestation of hormesis and acts by enabling the animal to cope with stressors, including the low‐intensity, long‐term intrinsic and extrinsic stressors conjectured to cause aging. A hypothesis is offered for the evolutionarily adaptive basis of the antiaging action of dietary restriction: It proposes that this antiaging action is a byproduct of the evolution of mechanisms that enabled animals living in the wild to survive unpredictable and relatively brief periods of food scarcity. Likely proximate mechanisms of antiaging action of dietary restriction are considered. Enhancement of the stress response genes, particularly the heat shock protein genes, appears to be importantly involved. Evidence indicates that moderate hyperadrenocorticism ...
Differential ionization measurements for electron and positron impact on atoms

A progress report is presented on a new experimental program at the University of Missouri Rolls which is investigating the dynamics of inelastic lepton-atom collisions. By employing recoil ion momentum spectroscopic techniques, differential ionization cross sections are being studied for electron-atom and positron-atom collisions in the energy range from 50 to 1000 eV. The apparatus is configured to measure the transverse and longitudinal momentum components of the recoil target ion and of the ejected electrons. In addition, projectile scattering into θ and φ angles up to 20 degrees can be measured. The goal is to study isotachic electron and positron impact in order to investigate charge effects on the interaction dynamics. In addition, by comparing these data with existing proton impact data, mass effects can be investigated. A summary of progress to date and experiments planned for the near future are given.
Prognostic Significance of the Lown Grades and Late Potentials in Patients after Myocardial Infarction

Background and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess the long term overall survival of patients after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to determine the association of survival with the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia, as recorded by Holter electrocardiography (ECG) and signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG). Subjects and Methods: One hundred fifty two patients with an AMI were enrolled between January 2000 and August 2006. SAECG and Holter ECG were performed before hospital discharge (at range of 2-10 day). The grading system of Lown was used to evaluate the ventricular premature beats on Holter ECG. Three groups of patients were identified based on the seriousness of the ventricular arrhythmia, as identified by the Holter ECG: Lown grade 0, Lown grades 1, 2 and Lown grades 3, 4, 5. SAECG was performed with a high pass frequency of 25 Hz and 40 Hz. The presence of late potentials (LPs) recorded on SAECG was evaluated. The predictors for survival were assessed using Cox’s proportional hazard model and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 45.8±25.5 months. Twenty four patients (15.8%) died during follow-up. The multivariate predictors of all cause death included age [hazard ratio (HR)=1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.08-1.47, p=0.003] and Lown grades 3, 4 and 5 (HR=19.17, 95% CI=1.25-290.80, p=0.034). Survival analysis did not show a significant relationship between LPs and overall patient survival. The only predictors for overall mortality were age and the Lown grade. Conclusion: SAECG did not predict mortality for the patient with AMI. The ventricular arrhythmias recorded by conventional Holter before hospital discharge may be a useful noninvasive prognostic test after an AMI. (Korean Circ J 2008;38:17-22)
Baroclinic Modes in a Two-Layer Basin

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the time-dependent circulation in a closed basin where the steady circulation is included and long Rossby wave speeds are consistent with observations. Specifically, the large-scale baroclinic eigenmodes of a two-layer rectangular basin forced by surface wind stress in the limit of small dissipation are examined. Low-frequency modes with small decay rates independent of friction result when the constraint of mass conservation is enforced. The magnitude of the wind stress is found to be critical to the eigenspectrum. For all forcing magnitudes, including forcings with closed geostrophic contours, oscillatory modes with decay rates independent of friction emerge. For forcings with closed geostrophic contours, two important classes of eigenmodes with comparable decay rates emerge: purely decaying modes confined to the region of closed contours, and basin-scale oscillatory modes. The purely decaying modes also exist without the constraint of total mass co...
Introduction. New Frontiers in the Management of Social Anxiety Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Course

From the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, and the Anxiety Disorders Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Presented at the symposium “New Frontiers in the Management of Social Anxiety Disorder: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Clinical Course.” This symposium was held in conjunction with the 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, May 31, 1998, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and supported by an educational grant from SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals. Reprint requests to: Mark H. Pollack, M.D., Anxiety Disorders Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, WACC 815, 15 Parkman St., Boston, MA 02114 (e-mail: mpollack@partners.org). Introduction
Preface to 'The Bare Essentials of Investment: Teaching the Horse to Talk'

The objective of this book is to help an individual (or a family) design a personal investment strategy. It explains how stock markets can be used to make a large fortune from a small investment. It also recommends an approach to increase a reasonable return on investment and explains the importance of investment alternatives. The book is based on the premise that the US stock market is not too high compared to the long-term value of its securities. It further assumes that readers are interested both in return likely to be earned on investment and the risk of not earning the return target. The focus on this book is on “personal” investing. It begins with three basic rules of investing and concludes with ten subordinate rules and other suggestions for investing.
Evidence-based medicine and surgical decision-making: MRSA and MSSA osteomyelitis in children.

Louis Pasteur observed that chance favors only the mind that is prepared. A cup-half-filled corollary is that we all have opportunities for preparation or improvement, continuously. By successive iterations of retrospective analysis and prospective testing, we, as physicians and surgeons, can identify best practices for helping patients. To add direction and scientific rigor to this process, the level of evidence for assertions that are added to the literature is also categorized. We now have the ability to search the literature rapidly and extensively via the Internet, adding appropriate screens or qualifiers to avoid data overload. With use of electronic health records, we can readily track the adoption of an algorithm (a pathway or guideline) and assess whether it is achieving its desired effect. “Evidence based medicine is the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.”1 In their article, “Differentiating Between Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in Children,” Drs. Ju, Zurakowski, and …
The Ecology of Our Aging Population

be run. Information on travel time, mode, and cost might be considered, although these are secondary to the main need for cross-tabulating the origin and destination of daily trips. There is also considerable room for collaborating with traffic engineers who now conduct large-scale sampling surveys of trip movements. Dr. Carroll has recently become the director of a new origindestination survey of Detroit; we hope that he will be able to contribute additional research approaches to the present origin-destination survey design. From both practical and theoretical viewpoints, it would seem essential to expand the work on daytime population. Consider for example this quotation from a memorandum prepared in 1951 by Henry Cohen, Director of Research for the New York City Planning Commission:
A Statistical Method of Identifying Dependent Events and Earthquake Aftershocks

A statistical method of detecting dependent events and aftershocks using spatial and temporal information was develop- ed and applied to Japan and California earthquake catalogs. On the basis of a statistic s s = 7r 2kt where r is the distance between two events, k is the normal earthquake rate and t is the time interval between the events, a decision was made whether a pair of events were dependent. The theoretical distribution of s for a catalog consisting of only independent events was compared to the actual catalogs. On the basis of the differences between the distributions, the number of inferred dependent events was determined. This discrimination technique was applied to the earth- quake catalogs of Northern Japan (1926-1960) and Southern California (1934-1960). Thirty percent of all events in the Japan catalog and 42 percent of events in the Southern California logs were identified as dependent events. The statistical properties of the catalogs without de- pendent events were examined, in particular with respect to the Poisson process. Some small discrepancies with the Pois- son process still existed using a decision threshold of s=0.02 Clusters of events were found that could not be related to any large magnitude main event.
Group Work with Gay Male Teens at the Time of 9/11

I used to work with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth in suburban Long Island, adjacent to New York City. This was well before marriage equality and Bruce Jenner coming out as a ...
A novel member of the WD-repeat gene family, WDR11, maps to the 10q26 region and is disrupted by a chromosome translocation in human glioblastoma cells.

Allelic deletions of 10q25-26 and 19q13.3-13.4 are the most common genetic alterations in glial tumors. We have identified a balanced t(10;19) reciprocal translocation in the A172 glioblastoma cell line which involves both critical regions on chromosomes 10 and 19. In addition, loss of an entire copy of chromosome 10 has occurred in this cell line suggesting that the translocation event may provide a highly specific critical inactivating event in a gene responsible for tumorigenesis. Positional cloning of this translocation breakpoint resulted in the identification of a novel chromosome 10 gene, WDR11, which is a member of the WD-repeat gene family. The WDR11 gene is ubiquitously expressed, including normal brain and glial tumors. WDR11 is composed of 29 exons distributed over 58 kilobases and oriented towards the telomere. The translocation resulted in deletion of exon 5 and consequently fusion of intron 4 of WDR11 to the 3' untranslated region of a novel member, ZNF320, of the Kruppel-like zinc finger gene family. Since ZNF320 is oriented toward the centromere of chromosome 19, both genes appeared on the same derivative chromosome der(10). The chimeric transcript encodes the WDR11 polypeptide, which is truncated after the second of six WD-repeats. ZNF320 is also expressed in A172 cells, although it is not clear if the translocation affects the expression of the altered gene because of the presence of another unrearranged gene on chromosome 19. We suggest that, because of its localization in a region frequently showing LOH and the observation of inactivation of this gene in glioblastoma cells, WDR11 is a candidate gene for the frequently proposed tumor suppressor gene in 10q25-26 which is involved in tumorigenesis of glial and other tumors showing frequent alterations in the distal 10q region.
Institutions Behind Corporate Tax Evasion

What are the factors that lead a registered firm to evade taxes? What are the conditions in the formal and informal sectors of the economy that influence this relationship? We tackle these questions by focusing on registered firms operating in countries of various institutional backgrounds and by comparing the incentives and constraints of staying within the formal sector against the competitive pressures originating from the informal sector. We hypothesize that it is the combination of these effects that largely influences registered firms’ tax evasion decisions. Our findings highlight the dark side of competition, particularly when the competitive forces originate from perceivably unfair sources (i.e. informal economy), and how the consequences of this phenomenon are moderated by the institutional conditions of the environment.
Guide to digitalis therapy. 2.

The “usual” dosage of digitalis is only a guide. Different patients need different amounts of the drug, and numerous factors can and do intervene to change the requirements. Dosage must be carefully adjusted according to age and also in the presence of hypokalemia, preexisting hypercalcemia, advanced heart disease, endocardial fibrosis, or the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Discussion on microbial contamination condition and impact factors of 1257 health food samples

Objective:To know the microbial contamination conditon of health food.Methods: According to the GB4789 detection method,detection and statistical analysis were carried out on health food from corporation supply and sampling inspection on-site during 2007-2011,including the total bacterial count,coliform bacteria,molds,yeasts and pathogens.Results: A total of 1257 health food samples were detected,the total qualified rate was 89.90%,total bacteria count and molds had higher over-limit rates and no pathogen was found.The qualified rates of different years had statistical difference(P0.05).the qualified rate of sampling inspection on-site was significantly higher than corporation supply(P0.01);Comparing the qualified rates of the different formulations,the qualified rates of the different raw materials,the higher standard rates of the total bacterial count and the molds of different formulations in the health food,the differences were statistically significant(P0.01);The difference was not statistically significant in various formulations of coliform bacteria and yeast(P0.05).Conclusion: There are different degrees of contamination in the detection of various types of health food in Henan province,especially the total bacterial count and the molds contamination,which may be related to the contamination of raw materials and processing.
Study on the basic characteristic and the effect of Shenhua coal on coke thermal properties

Shenhua coal that is a kind of low rank coal is a sort of non-coking coal. Due to enlarge the applied area of Shenhua coal and be short of coking coal,Shenhua is put to use in the process of coal blending produce. In the coal blending test,the different proportion of Shenhua coal must be affect the coking property of coke strength(CRI、CSR)and the optical microstructure of coke.
Experimental Analysis of Horizontal Displacement Monitoring Device with Long Pipeline Tensile

The experiment is conducted to study the influences of hanged weight,supporting way of the line body,displacement sensitivity,and pipeline differential settlement of the horizontal displacement monitoring device with long pipeline tensile wire on its measurement error.The experimental results and analyses are given.A support way of the line for the horizontal displacement monitoring device with long pipeline tensile wire is introduced.
Patterns of locomotor drive to motoneurons and last-order interneurons: clues to the structure of the CPG.

We have examined the linkage between patterns of activity in several hindlimb motor pools and the modulation of oligosynaptic cutaneous reflex pathways during fictive locomotion in decerebrate unan...
Hyperfine Splitting of the 2s1/2 and 2p1/2 Levels in Li- and Be-like Ions of Pr59141

High-resolution spectroscopy of the 2s(1/2)-2p(1/2) transition in the extreme ultraviolet region is shown to resolve the level splitting induced by the nuclear magnetic field of both the 2s(1/2) and the 2p(1/2) levels in lithiumlike (141)Pr(56+) and of the 2s(1/2)2p(1/2) (3)P(1) level in berylliumlike (141)Pr(55+). The (141)Pr ions are an ideal test of this measurement approach because their energy levels are known well from first principles and are unaffected by small energy contributions from QED and nuclear magnetization effects. The accuracy attained in the measured 196.5 ± 1.2 meV 2s(1/2) splitting is more than an order of magnitude better than that achieved before using crystal spectroscopy of the 2s(1/2)-2p(3/2) x-ray transition and at the level needed to implement a proposed scheme for disentangling the contributions from QED and nuclear magnetization effects in higher-Z ions, such as (209)Bi.
Quasi-periodic Flows in Time-Delay Systems

In this chapter, from Luo (2014), period-m flows to quasi-periodic flows in time-delayed nonlinear dynamical systems will be presented. The analytical solutions of quasi-periodic flows in autonomous time-delayed systems will be discussed, and the analytical solutions of quasi-periodic flows in periodically forced, time-delayed nonlinear dynamical systems will be presented.
Dynamic Multi-Bed FDG PET imaging: Feasibility and optimization

Multi-Bed FDG PET/CT as applied to oncologic imaging is currently widely and routinely used for assessment of localized and metastatic disease involvement. In the past, based on conventional (single-bed) dynamic PET imaging, standard tracer kinetic modeling techniques have been developed to estimate the FDG uptake rate K i . However, routine clinical multi-bed FDG PET imaging commonly involves a single time frame per bed, i.e. static imaging, and the standardized uptake value (SUV), a surrogate of metabolic activity, is employed to estimate the uptake rate K i . The accuracy depends on two conditions: (i) in the voxel or region of interest, contribution of non-phosphorylated FDG is negligible relative to phosphorylated FDG, and (ii) time integral of plasma FDG concentration is proportional to injected dose divided by lean body mass, which can fail in clinical FDG PET imaging and pose problems in differentiating malignant from benign tumors. The objective of the proposed work is to facilitate, for the fist time, a transition from static to dynamic multi-bed FDG PET/CT imaging in clinically feasible times where, given the challenge of sparse temporal sampling at each bed, novel dynamic acquisition schemes should be employed to yield quantitative whole-body imaging of FDG uptake. Thus, a set of novel dynamic multi-bed PET image acquisition schemes have been modeled, using Monte Carlo simulations, to quantitatively evaluate the clinical feasibility of the method and optimize the number of passes per bed and the total study duration. It has been determined that a data acquisition scheme consisting of 6 whole-body passes and constant time frames of 45sec produces parametric images with the optimal noise vs. bias performance. Finally, clinical whole-body patient data have been acquired dynamically and results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method in enhancing treatment response monitoring capabilities of clinical PET studies.
Molecular genetics: Chaperone protein gets personal

Two studies of the molecular chaperone protein HSP90 reveal how complex traits can be shaped by genetic and environmental context. This work highlights the challenges of personalized medicine.
Retinoic acid receptor-α regulates synthetic events in human platelets: reply.

SummaryBackground Translational control mechanisms in platelets are incompletely defined. Here, we determined whether the nuclear transcription factor RARα controls protein translational events in human platelets. Methods Isolated human platelets were treated with the pan-RAR agonist all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA). Global and targeted translational events were examined. Results Stimulation of platelets with (atRA) significantly increased global protein expression. RARα protein bound to a subset of platelet mRNAs, as measured by next-generation RNA-sequencing. In depth analyses of 5′ and 3′-untranslated regions of the RARα-bound mRNAs revealed consensus RARα binding sites in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta 2 (MAP1LC3B2), SLAIN motif-containing protein 2 (SLAIN2), and angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) transcripts. When platelets were treated with atRA, binding interactions between RARα protein and mRNA for MAP1LC3B2, SLAIN2, and ANGPT1 were significantly decreased. Consistent with the release of bound RARα protein from MAP1LCB2 mRNA, we observed an increase in the synthesis of MAP1LC3B2 protein. Conclusions These findings provide the first evidence that RARα, a nuclear transcriptional factor, regulates synthetic events in anucleate human platelets. They also reveal an additional non-genomic role for RARα in platelets that may have implications for the vitamin A-dependent signaling in humans. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Robust Sparse Approximations for Stochastic Dynamical Systems

Abstract Inferring the exact topology of the interactions in a large, stochastic dynamical system from time-series data can often be prohibitive computationally and statistically without strong side information. One alternative is to seek approximations of the system topology that nonetheless describe the data well. In recent works, algorithms were proposed to identify sparse approximations which are optimal in terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence. Those algorithms relied on point estimates of statistics from the data. In this work, we investigate the more practical setting where point estimates are not reliable. We propose an algorithm to identify sparse, connected approximations that are robust to estimation error.
Oversight: Community vulnerabilities in the blind spot of research ethics:

In spite of many and varied concerns that the processes of institutional ethical review are flawed, cumbersome, and in need of reform, these processes do provide effective protection in certain sit...
Teacher leadership and the advancement of teacher agency

In keeping with the theme of this special issue, “Looking back, Moving forward,” the present article describes how Iowa is moving forward with its Teacher Leadership and Compensation (TLC) System. First implemented in school districts in the 2014–2015 year, the TLC System is designed to attract and support new teachers; make available meaningful teacher leadership roles, for which teachers receive supplemental salary; and provide high-quality professional development. Today, every school district in the state of Iowa has a teacher leadership program in place with one of every four Iowa teachers holding a well-defined, compensated leadership role. In order to participate fully in the new school culture created by the TLC System, it is imperative that teachers have agency, the ability and initiative to direct their own professional growth, and the opportunity to contribute to the growth of colleagues. Teacher education programs can advance preservice teacher agency by cultivating a growth mindset, implementing a dialogic pedagogy, and devoting attention to the construction of teacher identity.
Characterization of the MM.1 human multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines: a model system to elucidate the characteristics, behavior, and signaling of steroid-sensitive and -resistant MM cells.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-lymphocyte malignancy, which is characterized by the accumulation of terminally differentiated antibody-producing cells in the bone marrow. Because current treatments offer only a median survival of 3 years, investigators continue to search for novel therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. Rational drug design is enhanced by understanding MM cell proliferation and key signaling pathways employed. In addition, a model system for preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutics is critical. Our laboratory has developed MM cell lines to study drug action and resistance, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. These cell lines are widely used in MM research. From a single MM patient, three separate cell lines were established that parallel the progression of the disease. These three cell lines, designated MM1.S, MM1.R(E), and MM1.R(L), can be distinguished on the basis of their sensitivity to steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids (GCs). Utilization of these cell lines to study the etiology of MM, effects of chemotherapeutic agents, and development of clinical resistance, will provide us with vital information for the evolution of new and more efficacious therapeutics. The aim of this review is to summarize the morphological, biochemical, and growth characteristics of these cells, and to review the results from investigations of the MM.1 signaling pathways. This information will enhance the study, treatment, and eventual eradication of MM.
Reference architectures for smart manufacturing: A critical review

Abstract The demand for more personalized, smart, and sustainable products and the rapid growth of the industrial Internet and cyber-physical technologies have led to the development of several new paradigms for manufacturing in recent years. Examples include smart manufacturing, cyber-physical production systems, Industry 4.0, cloud manufacturing, and social manufacturing. This article questions the necessity of this ‘multiplicity’ of definitions and takes a systematic approach to portraying a consistent ‘blueprint’ (i.e., a reference architecture) that rationalizes and encompasses all of these different viewpoints and proposals. Through conceptual analysis of these new paradigms and several emerging reference architectures such as RAMI4.0, IIRA, IBM Industry 4.0, and NIST Smart Manufacturing, service-orientation was identified as the main theme: digitalization and integration of manufacturing resources on the IoT as on-demand services, as the main enabler of value network integration and collaboration as well as smart plug-and-produce shop-floor systems. The hypothesis was recast in terms of six propositions on the characteristics of smart manufacturing and evaluated through interviews with seven experts from industry, government, and standards organizations. The general hypothesis was accepted, and several recommendations were provided to address the identified design and implementation barriers. In conclusion, two high-priority actionable plans were identified: (1) modeling and composition of micro-services, and (2) optimizing the topology of interactions between micro-services, smart objects, and humans.
Calcium Absorption. Vitamin D Effects on Rat Intestinal Calcium Transport Systems Depend on the State of Enterocyte Differentiation Along the Crypt-Villus Axis

Calcium absorption by the rat small intestine is most efficient in the duodenum and least efficient, in the jejunum (Kimberg et al., 1961). Both active and passive transport processes contribute to calcium absorption with active transport accounting for over 75 percent of the duodenum’s ability to maintain the highest serosal-to-mucosal ratios (Bronner et al., 1986) and the intestinal response to 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol (Halloran and Deluca). The response of the vitamin D-deficient rat intestine to 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol appears to be biphasic with an initial restoration in calcium absorption by 6 hours, a subsequent loss by 8–12 hours followed by a more constant restoration by 24–48 hours (Maclaughlin et al., 1980 and Halloran and Deluca, 1981) (Fig. 1). Our laboratory has provided evidence to suggest that a partial explanation for this biphasic response is related to the state of enterocyte differentiation. The enterocyte has a rapid turnover, 48–72 hours, as it undergoes differentiation in the crypt and lower villus until it is finally expelled into the lumen in the upper villus tip. Our data suggest that the upper villus cells are responsible for active calcium absorption and that these cells respond differently to 1,25(OH)2cholecalciferol than do the undifferentiated and differentiating enterocyte. In this article, this data will be summarized and questions arising from these findings presented.
Tuberculosis Infection Control: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Although tuberculosis rates have declined in the United States over the past 19 years, new cases and cases of drug resistant strains continue to appear. Healthcare workers are at particular risk for contracting tuberculosis as they care for those who are undergoing diagnosis. This article proposes an interdisciplinary tuberculosis management protocol which will reduce the exposure of laboratory and radiography staff to tuberculosis high risk patients during diagnostic testing. Further, we demonstrate the use of interdisciplinary diagnostic management teams to improve communication of tuberculosis exposure risk and reduce the infection of healthcare workers. ABBREVIATIONS:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), Infectious Dose (ID), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Electronic Health Record (EHR), high efficiency particulate air (HEPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Some Physiometric Observations on a Remarkable Distance Runner

(1925). Some Physiometric Observations on a Remarkable Distance Runner. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 20-22.
Preisach-model-based position control of a shape-memory alloy linear actuator in the presence of time-varying stress

Abstract Tensioned shape-memory alloy (SMA) wires can repeatedly contract and extend, according to hysteretic loops defined by the shape-memory effect (SME), when subject to cyclic heating and cooling. Empirical evidence shows that these periodic hysteretic deformations are also a function of the loading stress applied to the tested wire. Therefore, to achieve accurate position control of an SMA wire-actuator, the SME hysteretic phenomenon in the presence of time-varying loading stress must be explicitly modeled in order to be compensated. To this end, we use a Preisach-model-based forward mapping that relates the time-varying exciting temperature and stress signals as inputs with the produced strain signal as the output, and whose parameters are experimentally estimated a priori through a series of steps in a nonlinear system identification process. Then, the identified parameters are employed by a Preisach-model-based inversion algorithm that is integrated into a feedforward inverse control scheme designed to mitigate the effects of hysteresis affecting the tested SMA wire. In the proposed scheme, the inverse controller reads two time-varying inputs, a strain reference and the known stress signal exciting the controlled SMA wire-actuator, and then it computes the corresponding temperature reference that, once enforced on the SMA material of the wire, generates the desired strain output. This approach to position tracking control can be realized using lightweight sensors and, as demonstrated in this paper through experimental results, is computationally efficient, which are the two most essential features required for the implementation of controllers on centimeter-scale autonomous robots. Using data obtained through real-time experiments, we demonstrate that the introduced position control scheme is highly effective and suitable to be used in future microrobotic applications. Furthermore, we show that the proposed methods for the system identification of the nonlinear hysteretic dynamics of SMA wires and for the synthesis of inverse controllers can be easily modified to be applied to the tracking control of SMA actuators thermally excited by means other than Joule heating.
Hilbert space fragmentation and exact scars of generalized Fredkin spin chains

In this work, based on the Fredkin spin chain, we introduce a family of spin-1/2 many-body Hamiltonians with a three-site interaction featuring a fragmented Hilbert space with coexisting quantum many-body scars. The fragmentation results from an emergent kinetic constraint resembling the conserved spin configuration in the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model in the infinite on-site repulsion limit. To demonstrate the many-body scars, we construct an exact middle spectrum eigenstate within each fractured subsector displaying either logarithmic or area-law entanglement entropy. The interplay between fragmentation and scarring leads to rich tunable nonergodic dynamics by quenching different initial states shown through large-scale matrix product state simulations. In addition, we provide a Floquet quantum circuit that displays nonergodic dynamics due to sharing the same fragmentation structure and scarring as the Hamiltonian.
Application of PharmaPy in the digital design of the manufacturing process of an active pharmaceutical ingredient

Abstract Flowsheet design and optimization constitute one of the key challenges in the chemical engineering and process optimization communities. Software tools for digital design and flowsheet simulation are readily available for traditional chemical processing problems such as distillation and hydrocarbon processing, however tools for pharmaceutical manufacturing are much less widely developed. This paper introduces, PharmaPy, a Python-based modelling platform for pharmaceutical facility design and optimization. The versatility of the platform is demonstrated in simulating continuous, batch, and hybrid process flowsheets.