cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How the Courts Influence Teaching and Student Discipline: Lessons Learned From Case Law

INTRODUCTION Most students enrolled in a professional medical program are well over the age of majority and better acquainted with their rights and the legal system than “traditional” students. Students who act professionally and perform well academically are easy for professional schools to manage. Much more difficult to manage are those who perform poorly academically or professionally. Of these, poor academic performance is far easier to demonstrate, and the consequences are often cut and dried: fail two courses and you are subject to dismissal (all set out in the student handbook). Criteria such as multiple choice exam scores are considered objective, and even subjective assessments by professors are accorded deference by the courts. More challenging are penalties for students accused of unprofessional or unethical behavior or those who perform poorly in clinical settings. This case law review will discuss the fact patterns of some representative cases and attempt to glean some lessons from each situation. Emerson v North Idaho College In the case of Emerson v N. Idaho College, a nursing student at the college’s nursing program was dismissed in 2003 for unsatisfactory attendance, incomplete assignments, and overall poor performance.1 The student filed a complaint in state court claiming defamation, emotional distress, age and national origin discrimination, disability (hearing impairment), and failure of due process. The student alleged that statements were made that demonstrated bias against those of Hispanic origin, and that the program failed to accommodate her hearing disability. Because the college was a state institution and thus a governmental entity to which certain constitutional guarantees of substantive due process and equal protection under the law applied, federal court jurisdiction existed and the case moved to federal court. The age discrimination claim was dismissed because the nursing program could document that older students had successfully completed the program. The disability discrimination claim was dismissed for many reasons. First, the The Academic Law feature focuses on legal issues that affect those working in academic environments. Articles are typically written by the feature editor. Suggestions for topics to be covered are welcome. The feature editor can be reached at:
Advances in Microendoscope Design and Application

Significant advances have been made in the design and application of confocal microendoscope systems for in vivo imaging of the human body. This presentation will review progress in the field and highlight important clinical applications.
Assessment of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy based on wavelet transform coherence

Cerebral autoregulation in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was assessed with wavelet transform coherence. Both in-phase and anti-phase coherence between blood pressure and cerebral tissue oxygenation was related to abnormal outcomes.
The Analysis on Female Mastopathies Spectrum and Its Influencing Factors in Rural Areas of Shanghai

OBJECTIVE To know female mastopathies spectrum and its influencing factors in rural areas of Shanghai, in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. METHODS In cluster sampling method, 501 resident women were investigated about the prevalence of breast disease, menstrual history, reproductive history, family history and other information. The χ2test was adopted to analyze the influencing factors. RESULTS There were 183 mastopathies cases in 501 and the prevalence rate was 36.5%.the composition of mastopathies were the mammary gland hyperplasia(85.8%), breast fibroma(7.1%), breast cysts(4.9%), mastitis( 1. 6 %) and breast cancer( 0. 5 %). The statistical analysis showed that the female mastopathies had related with age, educational level, marital status, number of pregnancies, delivery times, family history of breast cancer and gynecological diseases in one year, knowing the breast self-examination, regular breast self-examination and done within 1 year. CONCLUSION Increasing the promotion of breast self-examination techniques to improve the awareness of breast self-examination and inspection, to improve the level of early detection of breast cancer and to improve the health of women.
Mycosis fungoides and occupational exposures. Is there an association

In a case-control study, the author and coinvestigators found no positive association between occupational or chemical exposures and the risk of mycosis fungoides. Thus, there was no support for the hypothesis that chronic antigenic stimulation is an etiologic factor in this disease.
Clinical and subclinical neurological involvement in children of conjugal multiple sclerosis patients

We report the occurrence of clinically definite multiple sclerosis in an offspring of a couple with conjugal multiple sclerosis. Extensive investigation of all members of this family, which includes two additional asymptomatic children, eliminated the possibility of alternative neurological diagnoses. All family members were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), evoked potentials, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. An asymptomatic child had subtle white matter abnormalities on MRI, suggesting subclinical neurological involvement. This study documents the third case of multiple sclerosis in the child of conjugal multiple sclerosis patients and provides the first report of MRI lesions in an asymptomatic offspring of the same parents. Neurodiagnostic and immunogenetic investigations of such rare family clusters may contribute to the elucidation of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
Preparation of Ecological and Biochemical Samples for Isotope Analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of the applications of stable isotope techniques to addressing ecological questions. The technological advancements in the elemental analyzers linked to isotope ratio mass spectrometers; stable isotope analysis is quickly becoming a standard measurement for interpretation of various biological and environmental parameters. The main power of isotopic analyses is the ability to study both specific processes and also to trace sources of materials and flows of energy through complex ecological webs. It focuses on the proper sampling protocols for accurately determining the natural abundance and distribution of stable isotopes, particularly carbon and nitrogen, in ecological systems and does not address methods that include the addition of isotopically labeled compounds at enriched levels. Different types of samples require different methods of collection and storage, and the choice of methods will be influenced by the location of the ecosystem, the availability of cold storage, and the kinds of analyses to be performed. The materials used are biological materials, aquatic particulate material, collection of water samples, storage of samples, and sample preparation for isotope analysis.
Vigilance: Biology, Psychology, Theory, and Practice (Keynote Address)

My themes are that vigilance research has been research on sustained attention, that sustained attention is probably fundamentally different from selective attention with respect to both its psychology and biology, and that our scientific goal is to clarify the nature of sustained attention.
Strategic Alliance and Operational Sustainability in the Nigerian Banking Sector

There is the heightened challenge of scarcity of organizational resources needed to cope with increased level of competitiveness arising from globalization and technological breakthroughs. One of the likely ways of ensuring survival and sustainability is creation of strategic alliances value added and this has informed the current study in the Nigerian banking sector. A survey of 76 strategic bank personnel was used and the survey instrument generated data related to the examined constructs. The Spearmen Rank statistic and multiple regression were used as analytical tools and findings showed that the multi-dimension of strategic alliance operationalized as technological, human capital development and research and development alliances have a significant relationship with operational sustainability and technological alliance with much weight based on the value = 0.312 on operational effectiveness therefore it was concluded that strategically created alliances ensures operational sustainability. This study has its implication in terms of emphasizing network or alliance appropriateness towards operational goals.
Teaching Audio Playwriting: The Pedagogy of Drama Podcasting.

ABSTRACTThis article suggests how teaching artists can develop practical coursework in audio playwriting.
Living together and living apart: the sexual lives of bryophytes.

Haploid gametophytes of bryophytes spread by clonal growth but mate locally, within an area defined by the range of sperm movement. Rarity of establishment from spores or vegetative competition can...
Acute on Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease.

Abstract Secondary pulmonary hypertension (PHT), defined as a tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV) > 2.4 meters/second at rest, has been identified as an emerging complication in patients with sickle cell disease, with 32% prevalence. Patients with sickle cell pulmonary hypertension tend to have a higher mortality rate than patients with primary PHT at comparable pulmonary artery pressures (PAP). We analyzed prospectively obtained Doppler echocardiography measurements from 11 patients in steady-state and during vaso-occlusive crisis episodes or during exercise to determine whether pulmonary pressures became further elevated during stress. We found that tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity is significantly further elevated during vaso-occlusive crisis (2.61 ± 0.03 vs. 2.81 ± 0.06 m/sec (mean ± SEM), p = 0.01)(Fig. A). We assessed other laboratory parameters and found associated significant decreases in hemoglobin concentration (9.3 ± 0.3 vs. 8.4 ± 0.3 gm/dL, p = 0.02)(Fig. B), and significant elevations in lactate dehydrogenase (381 ± 39 vs. 442 ± 49 IU/L, p = 0.02)(Fig. C). These data are consistent with increased hemolysis during vaso-occlusive crisis, and the association of increased hemolysis with acute exacerbation of PHT in patients with SCD. In three patients at steady state, exercise echocardiograms were performed, showing acute marked rise in TRV during exercise (2.80 ± 0.12 vs. 3.37 ± 0.17 m/sec, p = 0.02)(Fig. D). These data bring to light several important points in the clinical assessment of tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity in patients with sickle cell disease. First, the relatively mild steady state PHT in patients with SCD is associated with previously unappreciated acute increases in PAP that may explain the high mortality rate in this population. This might be responsible for sudden death occurring during vaso-occlusive crisis or physical exertion. Second, this acute rise is associated with markers of increased hemolysis, further implicating hemolysis-associated derangement of nitric oxide homeostasis, endothelial function and PHT. Third, exercise measurements of TRV may be indicated in the clinical evaluation of patients with SCD and dyspnea on exertion, since it may unmask otherwise unappreciated PHT. Download : Download high-res image (95KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure
Mitochondrial Adaptation in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Novel Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), encompassing steatosis with inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and fibrosis, predisposes to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and even cardiovascular disease. In rodent models and humans with NAFLD/NASH, maladaptation of mitochondrial oxidative flux is a central feature of simple steatosis to NASH transition. Induction of hepatic tricarboxylic acid cycle closely mirrors the severity of oxidative stress and inflammation in NASH. Reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation are driven by upregulated, but inefficient oxidative flux and accumulating lipotoxic intermediates. Successful therapies for NASH (weight loss alone or with incretin therapy, or pioglitazone) likely attenuate mitochondrial oxidative flux and halt hepatocellular injury. Agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may provide a novel treatment strategy for NAFLD.
Efficacy and Toxicity of Intravitreous Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: Four-Year Experience

Purpose To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of intravitreous melphalan for treatment of retinoblastoma, as a single agent or with concomitant topotecan. Participants A total of 130 eyes of 120 patients with retinoblastoma receiving 630 intravitreous (melphalan, topotecan) or topotecan periocular injections. A total of 83 (64%) of these eyes were treated with concomitant ophthalmic artery chemosurgery (OAC). Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Indirect ophthalmoscopy and clinical imaging were used to evaluate clinical response. Ocular survival and disease-free survival were estimated using Kaplan–Meier methods in 130 eyes. Ocular toxicity was evaluated by clinical findings and electroretinography (ERG) on 244 evaluable injections in 63 patients using 30-Hz flicker responses. Analysis was performed using linear mixed effects models with a random intercept and slope for each patient and a fixed effect for number of injections, in addition to any other fixed effect of interest. Main Outcome Measures Ocular survival, disease-free survival, ERG: peak-to-peak ERG amplitudes in response to 30-Hz photopic flicker stimulation. Results There were no disease- or treatment-related deaths, and no patient developed externalization of tumor or metastatic disease. Two-year Kaplan–Meier estimates of ocular survival and disease-free survival were 94.2% (95% confidence interval, 89.2–99.4) and 86.2% (95% confidence interval, 78.7–94.5), respectively. There was a significant association between the number of injections and diminished ERG responses, such that on average each intravitreous melphalan injection was associated with a 5.3-μV decrease in ERG amplitude ( P P = 0.01) and greater inherent ocular pigment also were significantly associated with a reduction in ERG ( P = 0.045). Patient age and weight, new injection site location, addition of topotecan, concomitant focal treatment, and time interval between injections were not significantly associated with toxicity. Conclusions Intravitreous melphalan is an effective treatment for vitreous seeding in retinoblastoma, resulting in high rates of ocular survival and disease-free survival. However, in this study, each injection of melphalan was associated, on average, with a decrement in ERG response. The findings suggest increased toxicity (1) when OAC is given within 1 week of the intravitreous injection and (2) in more deeply pigmented eyes.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists for Type 2 Diabetes

The incretin system has become an important target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in recent years, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is of particular interest for its glucose-lowering effects. The physiological response to oral ingestion of nutrients, involving the incretin system, is reduced in some patients with type 2 diabetes but may be augmented by administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists. The GLP-1 receptor agonists currently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes include exenatide (administered twice daily), liraglutide and lixisenatide (administered once daily), and the once-weekly agents exenatide extended-release, albiglutide, and dulaglutide. These agents have been shown to reduce A1C (by ∼0.8–1.6%), body weight (by ∼1–3 kg), blood pressure, and lipids. GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia, and the most common adverse effects are gastrointestinal. Proper patient selection and education can assist in achieving positive treatment outcomes.
A model framework for actuation and sensing of ionic polymer-metal composites: prospective on frequency and shear response through simulation tools

Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) is a promising material for soft-robotic actuator and sensor applications. This material system offers large deformation response for low input voltage and has an aptitude for operation in hydrated environments. Researchers have been developing IPMC actuators and sensors for applications with examples of self-sensing actuators, artificial fish fins and biomimicry of other aquatic lifeforms, and in medical operations such as in guided catheter devices. IPMCs have been developed in a range of geometric configurations, with tube or cylindrical and flat-plate rectangular as the most common shapes. Several mathematical and physics-based models have been developed for describing the transduction effects of IPMCs. In this work, the underlying theories of electromechanical and mechanoelectrical transduction in IPMCs are discussed, and simulated results of frequency response and shear response are presented. A model backbone is utilized which is primarily based on ion-transport and charge dynamics within the polymer membrane. The electromechanical model, that is with an IPMC as an actuator, is caused when an electric field is applied across the membrane causing ionic migration and swelling in the polymer membrane, which is based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations and solid mechanics models. The mechanoelectric model is similar in underlying physics; however, the primary mechanisms of transduction are of different significance, where anion concentrations are as important as cations. COMSOL Multiphysics is utilized for simulations. Example applications of the modeling framework are presented. The simulated results provide additional support for the underlying physics theories discussed.
It’s Not Just About Us: Food as a Mechanism for Environmental and Social Justice in Mato Grosso, Brazil

The Landless Workers Movement (MST) is one of the most important social movements in the world for the implementation of agrarian land reform. Their fight for access to land has been based on the premise that land should serve a “social function.” Since its birth in the 1980s, the MST has settled more than one million people in Brazil on approximately 35 million acres of land (an area about the size of Paraguay). Many of the settlements across the country have demonstrated a commitment to move beyond social justice by combining environmental justice into their discourses and activities, and pinning their struggle with the fight for food sovereignty. This ethnographic research explored the different ways that environmental discourses and activities are being incorporated into the movement by describing the experience of the 12 de Outubro settlement in the state of Mato Grosso. Interviews with members of 12 de Outubro reveal that by implementing alternative agricultural methods like agroecology and agroforestry, they believe they are able to restore and protect the land that they acquire, while working towards food sovereignty. Secondly, they hope to demonstrate that their struggle for access to land is not just for individual benefit, but rather, that by growing healthy food sustainably and by developing a cooperative that benefits the entire community, land is fulfilling the social function that it should. Finally, they believe that their activities have connected them to the larger urban community through the establishment of CANTASOL, a solidarity commercialization system, extending awareness about food, the environment, and social justice into the urban sphere.
LA BUSQUEDA DE FUENTES DE CONOCIMIENTO EXTERNAS: CLUSTERS Y ALIANZAS

External sources of knowledge have become more important to firms as they have dispersed their value-adding operations around the globe and outsourced them to alliances. The global network firm has access to a rich store of external knowledge – but what do we know about accessing this treasure trove? The purpose of this paper is to summarize key ideas behind the research on alliance networks with clusters to better understand when, how, and why firms would use one or the other, or both, approaches to accessing external sources of knowledge, and to suggest new directions for both practice and scholarship.
FY02 Engineering Technology Reports Volume 2: LDRD

This report summarizes the science and technology research and development efforts in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2002, and exemplifies Engineering's 50-year history of developing the technologies needed to support the Laboratory's missions. Engineering has been a partner in every major program and project at the Laboratory throughout its existence and has prepared for this role with a skilled workforce and the technical resources developed through venues like the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program (LDRD). This accomplishment is well summarized by Engineering's mission: ''To make programs succeed today and to ensure the vitality of the Laboratory tomorrow.'' Engineering's investment in new technologies is carried out through two programs, the ''Tech Base'' program (Volume I) and the LDRD program (Volume II). This report summarizes the LDRD portion of Engineering's Technology Program. LDRD is the vehicle for researching and developing those technologies and competencies that are cutting edge, or that require a significant level of research, or contain some unknown that needs to be fully understood. Tech Base is used to apply those technologies, or adapt them to a Laboratory need. The term commonly used for Tech Base projects is ''reduction to practice.'' Therefore, the LDRD report covered here more » has a strong research emphasis. Areas that are presented all fall into those needed to accomplish our mission. For FY2002, Engineering's LDRD projects were focused on mesoscale target fabrication and characterization, development of engineering computational capability, material studies and modeling, remote sensing and communications, and microtechnology for national security applications. « less
A stabilized mixed discontinuous Galerkin formulation for double porosity/permeability model

Abstract Modeling flow through porous media with multiple pore-networks has now become an active area of research due to recent technological endeavors like geological carbon sequestration and recovery of hydrocarbons from tight rock formations. Herein, we consider the double porosity/permeability (DPP) model, which describes the flow of a single-phase incompressible fluid through a porous medium exhibiting two dominant pore-networks with a possibility of mass transfer across them. We present a stable mixed discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation for the DPP model. The formulation enjoys several attractive features. These include: (i) Equal-order interpolation for all the field variables (which is the most convenient for computer implementation) is stable under the proposed formulation. (ii) The stabilization terms are residual-based, and the stabilization parameters do not contain any mesh-dependent parameters. (iii) The formulation is theoretically shown to be consistent, stable, and hence convergent. (iv) The formulation supports non-conforming discretization and distorted meshes. (v) The DG formulation has improved element-wise (local) mass balance compared to the corresponding continuous formulation. (vi) The proposed formulation can capture physical instabilities in coupled flow and transport problems under the DPP model.
Monitoring Magma Under Volcanoes: The Future Of Eruption Forecasting And Geothermal Energy

Abstract Magma represents the most extreme environment in Earth's crust. Typical conditions at the top of a magma body are > 50 MPa and > 800°C. The location and conditions of magma storage were entirely speculative until recently when geothermal drilling encountered magma in Iceland, Kenya, and Hawaii. The door is now open, if appropriate sensors can be developed, to monitor conditions at the source of eruptions. This will move eruption forecasting, a concern for 10% of the world's population, from recognizing patterns in proxy surface measurements towards the reliability of weather forecasting. It can also aid in achieving a huge increase in productivity of geothermal energy, a clean, small-footprint, bed-load source. Aqueous fluids associated with magma are superheated to supercritical, providing 10× more effective transport of thermal energy and 3.5× more efficient conversion to electricity than conventional geothermal. As an added benefit, extraction from magma of 1 GWt for 30 years would render > 1 ...
Isolation of a new division altered mutant of Escherichia coli 15T

A Mutant of Escherichia coli 15T− (555-7) has been isolated which grows at a rate equal to that of the wild type at division times of 40 min or less, but grows faster than normal at division times greater than 40 min. At division times greater than 40 min the division time of the mutant is identical to the chromosome synthesis time of the wild type in the same medium. In one slow-growth medium (M9-aspartic acid) chromosome synthesis and gap times of the mutant were measured and the time required for synthesis of a chromosome was approximately the same as that of the wild type, but the gap in DNA synthesis observed in the mutant was only about 12% of that observed in wild type.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering of Gases

The first measurements involving Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) in gases were by Rado (1967) [1], who determined the nonresonant susceptibilities of a number of gases by using a ruby laser and a H2 Stokes beam stimulated in a high pressure hydrogen cell. By employing pressure tuning of the Stokes beam, DeMartini (1972) [2] used CARS to scan the H2 Q1 line and measure the linewidth and Dicke narrowing as a function of pressure. However, the major impetus for development of the technique came from the pioneering experiments of Taran and coworkers (1973) [3] in which the important potential application of CARS to concentration measurements in combustion systems was demonstrated.
Packet Marking for Traceback of Illegal Content Distribution

The continued proliferation of third-party file-sharing mechanisms (distributed peer-to-peer databases) has sustained the epidemic of copyright infringements over the Internet. An illegal exchange of copyrighted material will typically be negotiated by parties aware of each other’s true IP addresses, i.e., identities may be available at the application layer. The sending party may, however, use spoofed source IP addresses in the packets thereby making up the transfer of copyrighted material difficult to trace back to the origin of the illegal transmission, assuming that the network has mechanisms to detect such transmissions in the first place. Alternatively, we can consider a situation where a hoard of illegally possessed copyrighted material is discovered and, based on feasibly sized logs of recent internetworking activity of the apprehended user, the sources of the copyrighted material are identified. In this paper, we describe a strategy of network-layer packet marking in which routers situated at the edge (access points) of the Internet mark packets with IP addresses identifying their input interfaces. The marks enable simple and rapid traceback to the edge router through which identified illegal transmissions entered into the Internet.
Quantum Chemical Study of Hydroxyand Formyl-Substituted Benzenonium Ions

Substituted benzenonium ions (protonated benzene derivatives) model the intermediates in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. This paper presents a quantum chemical study at the MP2/6-31G* level of the various cations that could result from mono-protonation of phenol and benzaldehyde. Five isomeric ions were investigated in each case, the four benzenonium ions resulting from protonation at an ortho, meta, para, or ipso position, and the ion resulting from protonation at the oxygen. The results show the effects of the hydroxy and formyl substituents on the relative energies of the isomeric benzenonium ions. Wiberg bond orders and Reed–Weinhold (NPA or natural) atomic charges are also reported.
An independent derivation and verification of the voids nucleation failure mechanism: significance for materials failure

Independent derivations are given for the failure criteria of the purely dilatational stress state involving voids nucleation failure as well as for the purely distortional stress state involving s...
Ultrahigh-Speed Spatial Pattern Projection Using a Nonlinear Optical Time Lens for Fast Single-Pixel Imaging

We present a method for projecting programmable spatial patterns at a rate of 289 Gpixels/s using a nonlinear optical time lens. Using this projector, we demonstrate high-speed single-pixel imaging using compressed sensing.
Emulation-Based Performance Studies on the HPSC Space Processor

With increasing computational demands in the defense, science, and commercial sectors, future space missions will require new high-performance computer architectures. Extensive research, benchmarking, and analysis of new and emerging architectures is required to identify and evaluate mappings of space apps on the architectures. In this research, we develop and employ hardware testbeds to emulate and predict performance of the High-Performance Spaceflight Computing (HPSC) processor. This new processor, sponsored by AFRL and NASA, is being developed by Boeing for future space missions. Boeing was chosen because of their proposed “chiplct” design. Each chiplet will feature two quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 CPUs connected by an Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA). These chiplets can be connected by different serial interfaces which provides the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) and NASA with a flexible platform to serve a variety of potential mission needs. Two hardware testbeds are used herein to emulate and conduct studies on HPSC. The first is an octa-core ARM Cortex-A53 device consisting of two quad-core processors connected by AMBA. This platform emulates a single HPSC chiplet. The second testbed consists of two quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processors connected by Gigabit Ethernet (GbE). This platform provides insight into how two chiplets might perform applications together. Using kernel and Ethernet performance results from both platforms, we create a model to project the performance of the HPSC processor across a suite of space-related benchmarks. We project that synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the most compute-intensive application in the suite, will scale well on a multi-chiplet platform. When using two connected chiplets, SAR is forecasted to have a speedup of 1.93 versus a single chiplet. Smaller kernels, such as matrix addition, suffer from significant parallelization overhead across multiple chiplets and even across AMBA on a single chiplet. This slowdown is due to the communication overhead on Ethernet and AMBA, contributing a major part of the total runtime. Additionally, this research uncovered a performance optimization for the 2D-FFT kernel within the popular FFTW library. This optimization led to an average speedup of 1.44 for larger FFT sizes. Overall, the work presented in this paper forecasts and evaluates the benchmarking performance of the HPSC processor for a variety of space-related kernels and reveals techniques to optimize apps for this system.
“You sir are a hypocrite”: responses to Pence’s MLK Day tweets as attention intervention

ABSTRACTOn Martin Luther King Jr. Day 2018, Twitter users utilized the “retweet with comment” feature to question the authenticity of Vice President Pence’s messages. Through the use of the rhetori...
Who Fights Terror: Gendarmerie Forces and Terrorist Group Termination

While existing research on terrorist group termination examines numerous factors explaining why some terror groups end their campaigns of violence, these studies do not sufficiently address the imp...
OM Forum—COVID-19 Scratch Models to Support Local Decisions

This article is based on modeling studies conducted in response to requests from Yale University, the Yale New Haven Hospital, and the State of Connecticut during the early weeks of the SARS-CoV-2 ...
The Perils and Pitfalls of Block Design for EEG Classification Experiments

A recent paper [1] claims to classify brain processing evoked in subjects watching ImageNet stimuli as measured with EEG and to employ a representation derived from this processing to construct a novel object classifier. That paper, together with a series of subsequent papers [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , claims to achieve successful results on a wide variety of computer-vision tasks, including object classification, transfer learning, and generation of images depicting human perception and thought using brain-derived representations measured through EEG. Our novel experiments and analyses demonstrate that their results crucially depend on the block design that they employ, where all stimuli of a given class are presented together, and fail with a rapid-event design, where stimuli of different classes are randomly intermixed. The block design leads to classification of arbitrary brain states based on block-level temporal correlations that are known to exist in all EEG data, rather than stimulus-related activity. Because every trial in their test sets comes from the same block as many trials in the corresponding training sets, their block design thus leads to classifying arbitrary temporal artifacts of the data instead of stimulus-related activity. This invalidates all subsequent analyses performed on this data in multiple published papers and calls into question all of the reported results. We further show that a novel object classifier constructed with a random codebook performs as well as or better than a novel object classifier constructed with the representation extracted from EEG data, suggesting that the performance of their classifier constructed with a representation extracted from EEG data does not benefit from the brain-derived representation. Together, our results illustrate the far-reaching implications of the temporal autocorrelations that exist in all neuroimaging data for classification experiments. Further, our results calibrate the underlying difficulty of the tasks involved and caution against overly optimistic, but incorrect, claims to the contrary.
Autonomous Vehicle Market Design

We develop an economic model of autonomous vehicle (AV) ride-hailing markets in which uncertain aggregate demand is served with a combination of a fixed fleet of AVs and an unlimited potential supply of human drivers (HVs). We analyze market outcomes under two dispatch platform designs (common platform vs. independent platforms) and two levels of AV competition (monopoly AV vs. competitive AV). A key result of our analysis is that the lower cost of AVs does not necessarily translate into lower prices; the price impact of AVs is ambiguous and depends critically on both the dispatch platform design and the level of competition. In the extreme case, we show if AVs and HVs operate on independent dispatch platforms and there is a monopoly AVs supplier, then prices are even higher than they are in a pure HV market. When AVs are introduced on a common dispatch platform, we show that whether the equilibrium price is reduced depends on the level of AV competition. If AVs are owned by a monopoly firm, then the equilibrium price is the same as in a pure HV market. In fact, the only market design that leads to unambiguously lower prices in all demand scenarios is when AVs and HVs operate on a common dispatch platform and the AV supply is competitive. Our results illustrate the critical role market design and competition plays in realizing potential welfare gains from AVs.
Topological nature of the Kondo insulator Sm B 6 and its sensitiveness to Sm vacancy

The true topological nature of the Kondo insulator $\mathrm{Sm}{\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ remains to be unveiled. Our previous tunneling study not only found evidence for the existence of surface Dirac fermions, but it also uncovered that they inherently interact with the spin excitons, collective excitations in the bulk. We have extended such a spectroscopic investigation into crystals containing a Sm deficiency. The bulk hybridization gap is found to be insensitive to the deficiency up to 1% studied here, but the surface states in Sm-deficient crystals exhibit quite different temperature evolutions from those in stoichiometric ones. We attribute this to the topological surface states remaining incoherent down to the lowest measurement temperature due to their continued interaction with the spin excitons that remain uncondensed. This result shows that the detailed topological nature of $\mathrm{Sm}{\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ could vary drastically in the presence of disorder in the lattice. This sensitiveness to disorder is seemingly contradictory to the celebrated topological protection, but it can be understood as being due to the intimate interplay between strong correlations and topological effects.
Simulation of Cooldown Underneath Large Cryogenic Storage Tanks

With worldwide energy demand continuing to expand and corresponding petroleum supplies questionable, natural gas demand is expanding rapidly. The trend toward higher natural gas consumption is being observed throughout the world.
Two-stage reference channel calibration for collocated UV and VIS Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers

Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) and its UV version (UV-MFRSR) are ground-based instruments for measuring solar UV and VIS radiation, deployed together in field at most USDA UV-B Monitoring and Research Program (UVMRP) sites. The performance of the traditional calibration method, Langley Analysis (LA), varies with MFRSR channels and sites, resulting in less confidence in some irradiance products. A two-stage calibration method is developed. We attributed the variation in Langley Analysis performance to the monotonically changing total optical depth (TOD) in the cloud screened points. Constant TOD is an assumption in LA. Since (1) aerosol is the main source of TOD variation at the 368nm channel and (2) UV-MFRSR measures direct normal and diffuse horizontal simultaneously, we used the radiative transfer model (i.e. MODTRAN) to create the look-up table of the ratio of direct normal and diffuse (DDR) with respect to aerosol optical depth (AOD) and solar zenith angle to evaluate the quality of the Langley Offset (VLO) by giving lower weights to VLO generated from points with monotonic AOD variation. With one or two calibrated channels as Reference Channels (RC), the most stable points in RC were selected and LA was applied on those time points to generate VLO at the adjacent un-calibrated channel. The test of this method on the UV-B program site at Homestead, Florida showed that (1) The long-term trend of the original LA VLO is impacted by the monotonic changing in AOD at 368nm channel; and (2) more clustered and abundant VLO at all channels are generated compared with the original Langley method.
Hyaluronic acid-decorated dual responsive nanoparticles of Pluronic F127, PLGA, and chitosan for targeted co-delivery of doxorubicin and irinotecan to eliminate cancer stem-like cells.

Dual responsive nanoparticles are developed for co-delivery of multiple anticancer drugs to target the drug resistance mechanisms of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). The nanoparticles consist of four polymers approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use: Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), Pluronic F127 (PF127), chitosan, and hyaluronic acid (HA). By combining PLGA and PF127 together, more stable and uniform-sized nanoparticles can be obtained than using PLGA or PF127 alone. The HA is used for not only actively targeting CSCs to reduce their drug resistance due to dormancy (i.e., slow metabolism), but also replacing the commonly used poly(vinyl alcohol) as a stabilizing agent to synthesize the nanoparticles using the double-emulsion approach and to allow for acidic pH-triggered drug release and thermal responsiveness. Besides minimizing drug efflux from CSCs, the nanoparticles encapsulated with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, hydrophilic) and irinotecan (CPT, hydrophobic) to inhibit the activity of topoisomerases II and I, respectively, can fight against the CSC drug resistance associated with their enhanced DNA repair and anti-apoptosis. Ultimately, the two drugs-laden nanoparticles can be used to efficiently destroy the CSCs both in vitro and in vivo with up to ∼500 times of enhancement compared to the simple mixture of the two drugs.
Effect of different total parenteral nutrition fuel mixes on small intestinal growth and differentiation in the infant miniature pig.

Abstract Insulin has been proposed as an important factor in the regulation of growth and differentiation of the small intestine. In the newborn miniature pig, we induced significant physiologic increases in serum insulin and the insulin/glucagon ratio without altering serum glucose, β-hydroxybuterate, glucagon, cortisol, T3, and T4 using glucose-based total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in one group (group G) compared with a combination of glucose and fat in another group (group G/F). Control animals were sham-operated and fed a pelleted diet (group OC). Duodenal villus surface area and mucosal height were significantly greater in group G/F compared with group G. No other differences between the TPN groups were found in small intestinal growth, mucosal protein, deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid content, and disaccharidase activities. As anticipated, group OC demonstrated increased intestinal length, weight, and villous surface area compared with the TPN groups. Ileal sucrase and jejunal and ileal maltase activities were greater in the TPN groups compared with those in group OC. Physiologic changes in serum insulin and the insulin/glucagon ratio induced by the TPN fuel mix do not appear to have altered small intestinal growth, composition, and differentiation in the healthy small intestine.
Application of Tree Structured Transfer Function to an electromechanical system, its Comparison with Conventional Method and Application for Order Reduction

This research paper is built on recent work in synthesizing and analyzing tree-structured transfer functions which have the form of a continued fraction. A useful feature of this transfer function is the manner in which it allows state variables to be easily removed from a model. Two components: a means to readily synthesize tree-structured transfer functions and the possibility of using the same transfer function to examine the effects on system performance of eliminating state variables provide the foundation to a novel physically-based approach of model order reduction for physical system. In the research work this approach is developed and compared to conventional techniques. The research work addresses the problem of determining which physical state variables should be retained in a reduced order model that belongs to a class of lumped physical system models, the class is defined by SISO variable pair of systems that are passive and free of internal loops. The models synthesized in the work are intended primarily for controller design, and are expressed using bond graphs. An error term that describes the reduced order model frequency response uncertainty over a given frequency range of interest is also provided
TETANUS TOXOID IMMUNIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES NAVY

Excerpt The purpose of this paper is to summarize the work on tetanus immunization done in the U. S. Navy since 1934, some of which has previously been reported,1, 2and to present a few thoughts co...
Chapter 47 EEG transitions and depth of anesthesia

Publisher Summary The objective behind electroencephalography (EEG) during general anesthesia and surgery is to certify that the patient is unconscious and to anticipate the reflex somatic and autonomic responses to the different intraoperative maneuvers. Persistence of a given EEG transition that follows a stimulus of fixed intensity and duration is a function of the endtidal concentration of the inhaled anesthetic agent. When the level of anesthesia is light, the “transient” lasts longer than the period during which the stimulus is applied and the EEG slowly returns to the previous ongoing stage. When the endtidal concentration of anesthetic is higher, the duration of the “transient” is either the same or shorter than the nociceptive test and this is followed by a “theta transient” or a rapid return to the pre stimulus EEG pattern. Finally, at deeper levels of anesthetic concentration, the “transient” lasts for a very brief time much shorter than the stimulus duration and the EEG rapidly returns to the previous baseline. In this chapter, the transients are classified and numbered on the basis of their relation, with the depth of anesthesia, and their features detailed. Sensory stimuli can reach the cerebral cortex under general anesthesia. In the well anesthetized patient, specific modalities of sensory activation are manifest at their distinct cortical receptive sites in the form of evoked potentials to proprioceptive, auditory, and visual stimulation. The marked variability of “transients” may depend on drug concentration, type, and intensity of nociceptive stimulation. Another mechanism is the proposed existence of a dual arousal system; the cholinergic pathway and another adrenergic, with the former being immobility related and the latter movement related. Anesthetic agents may have an excitatory action on the inhibitory synchronizing system, resulting in the observed decreased somatic and autonomic responsiveness and the background alpha–beta rhythm characteristic of general anesthesia.
A Toeplitz approximation approach to coherent source direction finding

In this paper, the Toeplitz Approximation Method (TAM) of stochastic system identification is applied to the linear equal spaced array narrowband source direction finding problem. The proposed algorithm provides high resolution direction finding capability and is designed for an arbitrary noise, multipath signal environment. As such, it extend existing capability in fields such as passive sonar, radar and communications. A comparitive simulation between TAM and the MUSIC method, using spatial smoothing, is presented which are based on low signal-noise-ratio (SNR) data and a multipath environment.
High efficiency, long lifetime phosphorescent OLEDs

The latest developments from long lived high efficiency phosphorescent OLEDs are presented. This data includes red (0,65, 0.34) devices with record peak efficiencies of 12.1cd/A and lifetimes (L/sub o/ = 300) of >15,000hrs.
Dysphagia following combined anterior-posterior cervical spine surgeries.

Object This study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of and risk factors associated with the development of dysphagia following same-day combined anterior-posterior cervical spine surgeries. Methods The records of 30 consecutive patients who underwent same-day combined anterior-posterior cervical spine surgery were reviewed. The presence of dysphagia was assessed by a formalized screening protocol using history/clinical presentation and a bedside swallowing test, followed by formal evaluation by speech and language pathologists and/or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing/modified barium swallow when necessary. Age, sex, previous cervical surgeries, diagnoses, duration of procedure, specific vertebral levels and number of levels operated on, degree of sagittal curve correction, use of anterior plate, estimated blood loss, use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), and length of hospital stay following procedures were analyzed. Results In the immediate postoperative per...