cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Segregation and Migration of the Oxygen Vacancies in the Σ3 (111) Tilt Grain Boundaries of Ceria

In nanocrystalline materials, defect–grain boundary (GB) interactions play a key role in determining structural stability, as well as size-dependent ionic, electronic, magnetic, and chemical properties. In this study, using density functional theory, we systematically investigated the segregation and migration of oxygen vacancies at the Σ3 [110]/(111) grain boundary of ceria. Three oxygen layers near the GB are predicted to be segregation sites for oxygen vacancies. Moreover, the presence of oxygen vacancies stabilizes this tilt GB at a low Fermi level and/or under oxygen-poor conditions. An atomic strain model is proposed to rationalize the layer dependency of the relaxation energy for a 2+-charged oxygen vacancy. The structural origin of the large relaxation energies at layers 1 and 2 was determined to be free-volume space, which induces ion relaxation toward the GB. Our results not only pave the way for improving oxygen transport near GBs in ceria, but also provide important insights into the engineer...
In the eye of the beholder: Thin-ideal media affects some, but not most, viewers in a meta-analytic review of body dissatisfaction in women and men.

The issue of thin-ideal (or muscularity ideal for males) media effects on viewers continues to be debated and discussed within the scientific community. Many scholars have concluded that thin-ideal media can have an appreciable effect on viewers. More recently several scholars have contested this issue suggesting that media effects may be small to negligible or limited to groups of individuals already at risk for body dissatisfaction. The current meta-analysis, the most comprehensive to date with 204 studies, sought to examine the effects of thin or muscular media ideals on men and women in experimental, correlational, and longitudinal studies. Outcomes included general body dissatisfaction, restrictive eating, and symptoms of eating disorders. Results indicate little evidence for media effects in males. Effects were minimal for most females as well although some evidence suggested that women with preexisting body dissatisfaction may be primed by media ideals, particularly in experimental studies. Little evidence emerged for ethnic differences or differences across media types. However, some evidence emerged that publication bias issues may be inflating effect size estimates in some areas of study. Further, contrary to expectations, effect sizes were generally smaller for child samples than for adult and college student samples. Taken together, it is concluded that media effects are generally minimal and limited to those with preexisting body dissatisfaction. The evidence further did not support substantive links between media use and eating disorder symptoms.
Renal Artery Stenosis.

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) can accelerate or generate progressive hypertension and renal dysfunction. The goals for treating patients with RAS are to reduce cardiovascu-lar morbidity and mortality attributable to elevated arterial pressure and to preserve renal function beyond critical stenosis. Recent, randomized trials with current anti-hypertensive agents indicate that many patients with RAS can be managed for years without renal artery revascularization. As it does elsewhere, atherosclerotic disease can progress to more severe occlusion in the renal arteries. Rapid advances in endo-vascular techniques, including stenting, make restoration of renal blood flow possible in more patients than before. Therapeutic goals are achieved by 1) avoidance of tobacco, 2) reducing arterial pressure with antihypertensive drug therapy, particularly those agents capable of blocking the renin-angiotensin system, and 3) renal revascu-larization, using balloon angioplasty and stent placement, surgical bypass, or endart-erectomy. The major clinical challenges are to identify progressive occlusive disease and to determine appropriate timing for vascular intervention.
Continental Opera Englished, English Opera Continentalized: Der Freischütz in London, 1824

22 July 1824. Many Londoners had waited years for this night. They thronged to the English Opera House, filling the boxes and cramming the benches in the pit and gallery. It was worth the heat, the expense, the danger from pickpockets. After hearing of its success for three years, after glimpsing snatches of it in concert and sheet music excerpts, and after enduring weeks of advertising for the English Opera House production, they would finally be the first in London to witness the most celebrated German opera of the time: Weber's Der Freischutz.
Is minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery the new benchmark for treating mitral valve disease

The treatment of mitral valve disease remains dynamic; surgeons and patients must now choose between many different surgical options when addressing mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis. Notably, advances in imaging and surgical instrumentation allow surgeons to perform less invasive mitral valve surgery that spares the sternum. With favorable long-term data now emerging, we compare the benefits and risks of thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery with that through conventional sternotomy or surgery that is robot-assisted.
Engineering Design Method of Integrated and Coordinated Defense System of Large Power System Security and Stability

Integrated and coordinated defense system of large power system has reached the engineering application stage.According to its characteristic,systematic engineering design is an effective way to improve the practical level of integrated and coordinated defense system.The engineering design tasks and goals are analyzed,and the design and application of the system are discussed.Design ideas and elements at the planning and application stage are described.
Risk prediction to inform surveillance of chronic kidney disease in the US Healthcare Safety Net: a cohort study

The capacity of electronic health record (EHR) data to guide targeted surveillance in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. We sought to leverage EHR data for predicting risk of progressing from CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to help inform surveillance of CKD among vulnerable patients from the healthcare safety-net. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults (n = 28,779) with CKD who received care within 2 regional safety-net health systems during 1996–2009 in the Western United States. The primary outcomes were progression to ESRD and death as ascertained by linkage with United States Renal Data System and Social Security Administration Death Master files, respectively, through September 29, 2011. We evaluated the performance of 3 models which included demographic, comorbidity and laboratory data to predict progression of CKD to ESRD in conditions commonly targeted for disease management (hypertension, diabetes, chronic viral diseases and severe CKD) using traditional discriminatory criteria (AUC) and recent criteria intended to guide population health management strategies. Overall, 1730 persons progressed to end-stage renal disease and 7628 died during median follow-up of 6.6 years. Performance of risk models incorporating common EHR variables was highest in hypertension, intermediate in diabetes and chronic viral diseases, and lowest in severe CKD. Surveillance of persons who were in the highest quintile of ESRD risk yielded 83–94 %, 74–95 %, and 75–82 % of cases who progressed to ESRD among patients with hypertension, diabetes and chronic viral diseases, respectively. Similar surveillance yielded 42–71 % of ESRD cases among those with severe CKD. Discrimination in all conditions was universally high (AUC ≥0.80) when evaluated using traditional criteria. Recently proposed discriminatory criteria account for varying risk distribution and when applied to common clinical conditions may help to inform surveillance of CKD in diverse populations.
The memorable invention of the death of Jesus

The death story of Jesus of Nazareth has traditionally been understood as a matter of historical fact. The various versions of the story would seem to confirm a documented death scene. Nevertheless, critical appraisals of this material have raised numerous questions regarding the passion story. This article considers how the very structure of the story is a vital clue to the way in which the death of Jesus was invented. The Jewish tale of the suffering and vindication of the innocent one provides the memory locus for discovering meaning in the fate of Jesus. We find that the basic fact of the death tale of Jesus is that it was a fiction, authorising further elaborations for those who understood the craft of memory.
A Mission of Biopower: The United States Colonizes the Philippines

Biopower is a term first coined by Foucault to analyze an ensemble of social practices commonly deployed in modern societies to manage the life of human bodies and populations. This chapter examines how biopower provided a strategic paradigm for the US occupation and colonization of the Philippines. Military personnel, Protestant missionaries, bureaucrats, educators, and public health officers alike were guided by biopower’s logic as they pursued a shared program of “uplifting” the Filipino body politic. The chapter examines techniques of governance that integrated missionary efforts with those of other US forces in the Philippines.
Association of Transition Readiness to Intentional Self-Regulation and Hopeful Future Expectations in Youth With Illness

Abstract Background Little is known about how transition readiness relates to other developmental skills of adolescence in youth with chronic illness. Better understanding of how transition readiness relates to these other developmental skills could lead to a broader array of tools to improve transition readiness. Intentional self-regulation (ISR) and hopeful future expectations (HFE) are 2 developmental skills of adolescence that improve with participation in developmental programming and thus are modifiable. Methods We explored associations between transition readiness, as measured by the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire 29 (TRAQ-29) and ISR and HFE in youth with chronic illness recruited from a variety of subspecialty clinics from a major southeast medical center. Results A total of 71 adolescents with chronic illness were included in the analysis. The TRAQ-29 Self-Advocacy domain showed positive associations to both ISR ( P = .03) and HFE ( P = .009). In addition, the TRAQ-29 overall had positive associations to HFE ( P = .04). Conclusions The significant associations between TRAQ-29 Self-Advocacy domain scores and ISR and HFE suggest that transition readiness is developing within the context of other developmental areas in adolescence. More work is needed to see if the programming that improves these other developmental skills might also improve transition readiness.
Is Fiscal Policy Pro-Cyclical or Counter-Cyclical ? Evidence from India

This study investigated the cyclicality of fiscal policy in India at the Centre, State, and combined Centre - State level by employing three alternative methods. The period of analysis extended from 1970-71 to 2013-14. In general, the study finds pro-cyclicality behavior of expenditure in case of India. Revenue expenditure, primary revenue expenditure, capital outlay, and total expenditure were found to be pro-cyclical at the Centre and combined Centre - State level. Capital outlay was found to have more pro-cyclicality as compared to other expenditure categories both at the Centre and combined Centre - State level. However, at the State level, capital outlay was not found to have any cyclical relation with output.
On-Chip Diagnosis of Generalized Delay Failures Using Compact Fault Dictionaries

One approach for achieving a robust integrated system centers on first performing test during runtime, then identifying the locations of any faults (or potential faults), and finally repairing/replacing/avoiding the affected portion(s) of the system. Conventional fault dictionary approaches can be used to locate failures but are limited to simplistic fail behaviors due to the significant computational resources required for dictionary generation and memory storage. Several contributions are described to overcome these limitations, and include: 1) enhancement of an unspecified-transition fault model (called here the transition-X fault model, or TRAX) for capturing the misbehaviors expected from scaled technologies; 2) development of a hierarchical dictionary that only localizes to the level required; and 3) the design of a scalable architecture for retrieving and using the hierarchical dictionary for on-chip failure diagnosis. The OpenSPARC T2 processor and other circuits are used in experiments to demonstrate the low-overhead, accurate diagnosis of early life and wear-out failures, using TRAX dictionaries that are over five orders of magnitude smaller than full-response dictionaries.
Petrographic Analysis of the 6th Millennium B.C. Dalma Ceramics from Northwestern and Central Zagros

Sixth millennium BC Dalma ceramics from the northwestern and central Zagros have previously been described as beingimpossible to distinguish using decorative style analysis in spite of the great distance between the two regions. In thisstudy, petrographic (thin section) analysis and a small-scale electron microprobe project was carried out on the ceramicsof the two regions, as well as a small sample of the preceding and following Hajji Firuz and Pisdeli period ceramics.The petrographic analysis of microstructure reveals minute differences in manufacturing techniques. The results suggestthat the Dalma ceramics were a distinct ceramic group with a great degree of variability, suggesting that they weremade locally at the household level by individual potters and their preferences for ceramic manufacturing techniques.However, there was enough communication between the different regions to keep the stylistic and to a certain degreeceramic manufacturing technique uniform over this wide area. The analyses suggest that Dalma ceramics were spreadby small groups of nomadic pastoralists who maintained a relationship with the agricultural Dalma villages. In this way,petrographic analysis of ceramics and geospatial analysis allow for a better understanding of the distribution of Dalmaceramics, and suggest the role of nomadic populations in their spread.
The Role of Civility and Metacommunication in Facebook Discussions

Social media’s potential for political and social discussion provides great promise since deliberation is key for democracy. Unfortunately, there is a problematic presence of incivility in conversa...
Ten Years Out: The Long-Term Benefits of a Year Working as a Physical Science Teacher

Lee Meadows describes the impact that a year of classroom teaching has had on the subsequent decade of work as a science teacher educator. His experience is focused on inquiry-based science teaching and learning. The chief impacts Lee describes are legitimacy with classroom teachers, expertise in coaching science teachers in the promotion of inquiry learning, and practicality in his interactions with teachers. Dr. Meadows relates a decade of work in promoting inquiry learning to future steps relative to the Next Generation Science Standards. This chapter offers a convincing argument for the lasting impact of teacher educators in the K-12 teaching role and how the experience from years ago motivates the current commitment to volunteer-teach at least 10 h each semester in high school science classrooms.
The repressive genome compartment is established early in the cell cycle before forming the lamina associated domains

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) genome organization is thought to be important for regulation of gene expression. Chromosome conformation capture-based studies have uncovered ensemble organizational principles such as active (A) and inactive (B) compartmentalization. In addition, large inactive regions of the genome associate with the nuclear lamina, the Lamina Associated Domains (LADs). Here we investigate the dynamic relationship between A/B-compartment organization and the 3D organization of LADs. Using refined algorithms to identify active (A) and inactive (B) compartments from Hi-C data and to define LADs from DamID, we confirm that the LADs correspond to the B-compartment. Using specialized chromosome conformation paints, we show that LAD and A/B-compartment organization are dependent upon chromatin state and A-type lamins. By integrating single-cell Hi-C data with live cell imaging and chromosome conformation paints, we demonstrate that self-organization of the B-compartment within a chromosome is an early event post-mitosis and occurs prior to organization of these domains to the nuclear lamina.
Hierarchical processing of visual stimuli in nephropathic cystinosis

Previous studies have shown that individuals with cystinosis may exhibit difficulty with visuospatial tasks. Global and local (hierarchical) processing are specific types of visuospatial tasks mediated by the right and left parietal lobes respectively. The study objective was to determine whether individuals with cystinosis and carriers of the cystinosin gene mutation show deficits in global and/or local processing. The study included 48 children (32 controls, 16 cystinosis) and 56 adults (25 controls, 25 carriers, and 6 cystinosis). Participants were instructed to replicate 10 hierarchical stimuli to assess global-local processing. The primary outcome measure was mean global and local performance on the hierarchical stimuli task between subgroups. Error subtypes were included to further assess each image. Compared to the control subgroups, adult and child cystinosis patients as well adult carriers demonstrated significant deficits in the global processing of a hierarchical stimulus against a background of unimpaired local processing. Child cystinosis patients performed significantly more poorly than controls on all error subtypes except local shape distortion. Adult cystinosis patients and carriers made significantly more global shape distortion errors than the controls. Our study shows that the cognitive profile documented in cystinosis patients and carriers includes significant difficulties with the global processing of an image. Results of the carrier population are important since they suggest that the cognitive impairments observed in patients cannot be attributed to symptomatic manifestations of the disease. Instead, the global processing deficits observed provide insight into the potential role of the cystinosin gene mutation on neurodevelopmental differences seen in these individuals.
Disabilities and Development

This chapter focuses on theoretical and empirical approaches to the development of young children with biologically based developmental disabilities. The chapter begins with a discussion of the difficulties in constructing definitions of disabilities and developing appropriate diagnostic criteria for young children. It includes a discussion of the history of attitudes about children with disabilities from the perspective of developmental psychology. Next, current theoretical perspectives and empirical studies on children with developmental disabilities and their families are examined. Both longitudinal studies and contextually based cross-sectional studies of children with developmental disabilities are discussed. Research on the family's influences on the development of children with disabilities has largely focused on the importance of growth-promoting maternal interaction. Research on the way in which the child with a disability affects families, including fathers and siblings, has tended to focus on deleterious outcomes, although current work recognizes the importance of the strength of the family system. Despite a growing recognition that culture is the frame in which children develop, few have investigated how cultural conceptions of development relate to parenting a child with a disability. The chapter concludes with reflections on potential directions for future work and implications for policies and programs. Keywords: developmental contextualist perspective; disabilities; fathers; mechanistic perspective; mother-child interaction; organismic perspective; siblings
The evolution of revolution: Virgil Ortiz’s Pueblo Revolt 1680/2180 as an assertion of Native presence through Indigenous Futurisms

This article analyzes the Pueblo Revolt 1680/2180 metaseries by Virgil Ortiz (Cochiti Pueblo), which constructs a continuum of historic events spanning five centuries. This metaseries represents 15...
Psychological Trauma and Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Abstract Exposure to trauma affects individuals in all countries whether highly developed or socioeconomically vulnerable. Research shows that anger is a central feature of the response to trauma. Empirical evidence provides robust support for the relationship between trauma exposure, anger, and hostility generally, and also evidence that trauma contributes to the persistent, recurring, distressing, and disabling aggression that is characterized by the diagnosis of IED. Adversity and trauma influence aggression through multiple pathways, including family disruption, individual and community-wide socioeconomic vulnerability, and mental health. Risk factors for posttraumatic aggression include exposure to multiple traumas, PTSD symptoms, depression, substance use, and TBI. Persistent, recurrent aggression as defined by IED appears to be robustly influenced by exposure to multiple traumatic events, childhood physical abuse, and PTSD. Research conducted across cultures (primarily the United States, Timor-Leste, and South Africa) points to the universality of the relationship between trauma, anger, and aggression but also to cross-cultural differences in manifestations of posttrauma psychopathology. Although in many ways anger is a normative response to extreme trauma and injustice, identifying cases of IED has the potential to support recovery by identifying postdisaster community needs, identifying individuals at high risk for future aggressive behavior, facilitating referrals to treatment, and, by so doing, interrupting the cycle of violence.
Mapping Fish Chorus Distributions in Southern California Using an Autonomous Wave Glider

Passive acoustics is a tool to monitor behavior, distributions, and biomass of marine invertebrates, fish, and mammals. Typically, fixed passive acoustic monitoring platforms are deployed, using a priori knowledge of the location of the target vocal species. Here, we demonstrate the ability to conduct coastal surveys of fish choruses, spatially mapping their distributions with an autonomous surface vehicle. For this study, we used an autonomous Liquid Robotics Wave Glider SV3 equipped with a Remora-ST underwater acoustic recorder and hydrophone. The exploratory 15-day deployment transited through three marine reserves, resulting in approx. 200 hours of passive acoustic recordings, and revealed five distinct fish choruses from La Jolla to Capistrano Beach, CA (approx. 80 km separation), each with unique acoustic signatures. Choruses occurred in the evening hours, typically in the 40 to 1000 Hz band. There was a lack of both temporal and frequency partitioning amongst the choruses, but some choruses exhibited distinct spatial niches by latitude and water temperature. These results suggest that the mobility of the Wave Glider allows for persistent surveys and studies that otherwise may be too challenging or costly for stationary or ship-based sensors; a critical consideration for documenting biological activity over large spatiotemporal scales, or sampling of nearshore marine reserves.
Slow dynamic nonlinearity in unconsolidated glass bead packs

Slow dynamic nonlinearity describes a poorly understood, creeplike phenomena that occurs in brittle composite materials such as rocks and cement. It is characterized by a drop in stiffness induced by a mechanical conditioning, followed by a log(time) recovery. A consensus theoretical understanding of the behavior has not been developed. Here we introduce an alternative experimental venue with which to inform theory. Unconsolidated glass bead packs are studied rather than rocks or cement because the structure and internal contacts of bead packs are less complex and better understood. Slow dynamics has been observed in such systems previously. However, the measurements to date tend to be irregular. Particular care is used here in the experimental design to overcome the difficulties inherent in bead pack studies. This includes the design of the bead pack support, the use of low-frequency conditioning, and the use of ultrasonic waves as a probe with coda wave interferometry to assess changes. Slow dynamics is observed in our system after three different methods for low-frequency conditioning, one of which has not been reported in the literature previously.
La Pera stories: cognitive and cultural alignment of narrative production by bilinguals in the U.S. – Mexican borderlands

This article aims to map differences in narrative choices by bilingual subjects, to measure the degree of alignment of such choices with HCC (high-context communication) or LCC (low-context communi...
Cold Flow Measurements of Supersonic Low Aspect Ratio Jet-Surface Interactions

In streamlined airplane configurations, additional noise sources can be created from interactions between the jet flow and surfaces on an aircraft’s body. During takeoff and landing procedures the ground is close enough to already cause jet-surface interference. To assess this interaction, the presence of a flat plate impinging on a supersonic jet of a low aspect ratio (2:1) rectangular nozzle of equivalent exit diameter, De = 20.65 mm, is studied from the minor and major axis orientation. The impact of the plate, 30De in length to resemble an aircraft carrier deck, is studied at supersonic nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) of 2.5–4.5 for a low jet temperature ratio of TR = 1.1. Streamwise particle image velocimetry (PIV) data was taken to extract average velocity and turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) of the flow. Plate offset (h) distances of h/De = 0, 1, 2, and 3 from the nozzle lip are studied to assess trends related to shock cell spacing, potential core length, and shear layer development relative to a free jet configuration. The surface offset from the nozzle is shown to vary flow properties and even increase screech tones particularly at h/De = 1 and 3, while the in between distance of h/De = 2 is shown to reduce them. These off-design conditions causing screech are of particular interest in this study.
An Update on Medications for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Despite a variety of treatment options for brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), many lesions remain challenging to treat and present significant ongoing risk for hemorrhage. In Vitro investigations have recently led to a greater understanding of the formation, growth, and rupture of bAVMs. This has, in turn, led to the development of therapeutic targets for medications for bAVMs, some of which have begun testing in clinical trials in humans. These include bevacizumab, targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor driven angiogenic pathway; thalidomide or lenalidomide, targeting blood-brain barrier impairment; and doxycycline, targeting matrix metalloproteinase overexpression. A variety of other medications appear promising but either requires adaptation from other disease states or development from early bench studies into the clinical realm. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of development of medications targeting bAVMs and to highlight their likely applications in the future.
ADJUSTING FOR CENTRE IN MULTICENTRE STUDIES

Objective: A multicentre study is a single study involving several centres (or investigators) where the combined data contributed by all centres is intended to be analysed as a whole. In general, multicentre studies are conducted at several centres either to increase the number of participants that would otherwise be available at any single centre, or to assess the effectiveness of the treatment or intervention across a broader range of settings. By performing the study in multiple centres, and often in multiple countries, a multicentre study design allows for the sampling of a broader patient population and the completion of the study within a reasonable timeframe. Typically, differences between centres (eg, different study investigators, differences in the centre patient populations, differences in medical care practices among centres) may result in extra variability in the treatment effect estimates. This extra variation must be properly accounted for in the analysis. In this presentation, we consider some alternative statistical methods for the analysis of data collected from multicentre studies. We highlight important distinctions between alternative methods and make some recommendations concerning appropriate methods of analysis.
Determining protein structure by tyrosine bioconjugation

Exploration of protein structure by its solvent accessible surfaces has been widely exploited in structural biology. Amino acids most commonly targeted for covalent modification of the native folded protein are lysine and cysteine. Here we leveraged an ene-type chemistry targeting tyrosine residues to discriminate those solvent exposed from those buried. We find that 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (PTAD) can conjugate the phenolic group of tyrosine in a manner heavily influenced by the orientation of the residue with respect to the protein surface. We developed a strategy to investigate protein structure by analyzing PTAD conjugations with free tyrosine, peptides, and proteins. We found this conjugation-based approach robust, sensitive to shifts in protein structure, and adaptable to a wide range of analytic technologies, including fluorescence, chromatography, or mass spectrometry. These studies show how established tyrosine-specific bioconjugation chemistry can expand the toolkit for applications in structural biology.
Low-Cost, Open-Source Hovering Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HAUV) for Marine Robotics Research based on the BlueROV2

Vision-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (vSLAM) has significant utility as an alternative to the costly inertial and acoustic sensors that conventional Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) rely on for navigation and mapping. However, the dearth of open-source, low-cost AUV platforms available for vSLAM research necessitates significant overhead for vehicle development for any underwater vSLAM research. In order to democratize access to marine robotics research we contribute a set of open-source hardware augmentations and software packages built on top of the BlueROV2 platform to allow researchers to build a low-cost Hovering AUV to facilitate autonomous vSLAM research.
Disturbances in dialogue and metacognition: A renewed way to understand and respond to alterations in self-experience in psychosis:

A dialogical model of psychosis proposed that the collapse of dialogue may explain the alterations in sense of self and agency observed in psychosis. This view was hampered by lack of clarity regar...
Federal and State Legislative Responses to Voter Registration

How have states responded to federal voter registration reforms, and how have they modernized voter registration structures to supplement federal mandates? The purpose of this chapter is to document the institutional supply of voter registration across the states and determine whether there is a relationship between the supply of voter registration and voter registration gaps across the states. I argue that while voter registration reforms are designed to facilitate the voter registration process, they may not all influence voter registration in a uniform manner. There are reasons to expect that more reforms positively impact voter registration, which is a first step in explaining why and how states are able to narrow voter registration gaps over time. Institutional design is important because it may create administrative challenges in managing new and existing registered voters.
Lake basin closure and episodic inflow as recorded by radiogenic Sr isotopes: Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado

Abstract Lacustrine basins are excellent archives of lake evolution, and deposits record the uplift and weathering histories of the surrounding terrain. The application of Sr isotopes has been tested in several lacustrine basins, both modern and ancient, based on the premise that lakes are well mixed, and shifting Sr isotopes may suggest changes in lake provenance. In the Eocene lacustrine Green River Formation in the Piceance Creek Basin of Colorado, Sr isotope analysis of carbonate mudstones indicates that radiogenic Sr in the center of the Piceance lake decreased during the evolution of the lake, from 52.8–48.4 Ma. Because deposition in the basin center occurred away from the influence of episodic alluvial inflow at the basin margin, Sr isotope evolution in the Piceance lake after basin closure is recorded in the John Savage #24-1 core deposits, not the Anvil Points deposits. Sr isotope analysis of carbonate mudstones at Anvil Points below 55 m shows fluctuating radiogenic Sr values that record episodic inflow from the White River Uplift. This inflow is responsible for the difference in radiogenic Sr trends recorded between the basin center and margin. Above 55 m, fluctuating Sr isotope values at Anvil Points record episodic inflow from the White River Uplift, without inflow of Paleozoic and Mesozoic carbonates. The boundary at 55 m records the hydrologic closure of the Uinta and Piceance lakes around 52 Ma, when lake level lowered beneath the basin sill and the lakes were no longer connected across the Douglas Creek Arch. A significant increase in radiogenic Sr across the 55-m-boundary records this transition from open to closed hydrology, reflecting a loss of dissolved Sr sourced from Paleozoic and Mesozoic carbonates.
A multiple criteria decision support system for global financial planning

Abstract:This paper presents a goal programming (gp) model-based multiple criteria decision support system (dss) for global financial planning of a multinational corporation (mnc). The GP model-based DSS provides a major technological breakthrough for presenting solutions for the critical issues in global financial planning and provides substantial improvement over existing approaches. The strategic dss allows the financial managers of an MNC to choose an appropriate global financing strategy to satisfice the multiple, and often conflicting, management goals and to effectively analyze the trade-offs among costs, foreign exchange risks, political risks, and managerial motivation goals.
WORKER MOTIVATION, WAGES, AND BILATERAL MARKET POWER IN NONUNION LABOR MARKETS

Bilateral market power exists in employment relationships whenever both workers and employers benefit from maintaining their association: whenever the value of the employment relationship exceeds the value of the next best alternative for both parties simultaneously. Two conditions lead to the presence of bilateral power in employment relationships: i) job loss should be costly for workers; and ii) replacing workers should be costly for firms. Both conditions emerge whenever workers possess firmspecific human capital—or, more generally, whenever firms face costs to replacing current employees—and workers face reemployment costs. This paper develops a widely applicable model of bilateral market power in employment relationships along with some of its implications. The model combines concepts from two strands of the efficiency wage literature—labor discipline and labor turnover models—with concepts from insider power models. It indicates that systematic differences in the cost of job loss to workers and the cost of replacing workers to firms may contribute to explaining a wide variety of observed patterns of wage differentiation— ranging from interindustry or race- and gender-based wage differentials to impacts of technical change and international competition on the skill distribution of labor income, as well as regional and macroeconomic wage patterns. The model’s implications here are broadly consistent with results obtained in other portions of the literature. Moreover, by explicitly addressing the role of bilateral market power in wage determination, it adds explanatory dimension, allowing consistency with a broader range of phenomena than many other models.
Size determination of shriveled and wrinkled soybeans

Drought stress created shriveled and wrinkled (S/W) soybeans in the 1988 soybean crop. Seven lots of 1988 soybeans were examined to validate the Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) definition of S/W. Lots were subdivided into sized fractions with both slotted and round-hole screens. Shriveled and wrinkled soybeans were found in all size fractions, whether those fractions were determined by a slotted or a round-hole screen. None of the size fractions adequately isolated or characterized S/W soybeans. The FGIS definition of shriveled and wrinkled does not sonsider larger wrinkled soybeans, but only shriveled soybeans passing through a 10/64″ by 3/4″ slotted screen. The most accurate determination of S/W soybeans can be made by examining the entire soybean sample, not a sized fraction.
Theory of quarter-wave-stack dielectric mirrors used in a thin Fabry-Perot filter

I present a new derivation of the analytic form for the phase shift near resonance and the optical penetration length upon reflection from a distributed dielectric mirror consisting of a quarter-wave stack. The requirement of proper termination to achieve high reflectivity is suspended to investigate large optical penetration depths. Separate equations, derived for N and N + 1/2 layer pairs, are convenient for the design of tunable Fabry-Perot filters with a specified tuning range. The analysis is also applicable to distributed Bragg reflectors, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, and resonant photodiodes. I show that the penetration length can sharply reduce the overly broad free spectral range of an ultrathin Fabry-Perot filter that might be useful in applications such as tunable wavelength filters for wavelength division multiplexing applications. The results also demonstrate regimes of zero dispersion and of superluminal reflection in the dielectric mirrors, which are of particular interest in photonic bandgap structures.
A new reagent for preparing radioactively labeled nucleoside derivatives.

A method is described for the preparation of 35S-labeled p-hydrazinobenzenesulphonic acid from commercially available [35S]sulphanilic acid. This reagent can be used for preparing labeled nucleoside or oligonucleotide derivatives by reacting it with the dialdehydes produced by periodate oxidation. A simple method for using the reagent is described together with methods for separating and assaying the labeled products. These methods are applicable to subnanomole quantities of nucleosides but the sensitivity could be increased considerably.
Estimation of effective error parameters in high-speed micro-endmilling

In micro-endmilling, tool alignment errors and tool manufacturing errors such as flute deviation and cutting edge offset from the tool axis are relatively large compared to the associated chip load and machined features. Two effective error parameters have been defined to represent the effect of these errors on the machining accuracy and process performance: maximum radius of rotation and difference in the radii of rotation. Methods have been developed to estimate these parameters based on feature measurement on a machined artifact and acoustic emission signals during machining. Experiments were conducted to estimate the effective error parameters of three different tools at several different orientations. The estimation results show that there are significant variations in the effective errors among the tools, which indicates that estimation of the effective error parameters in micro-endmilling is important for achieving good processes performance on-line.
Antimony electrode for the determination of the intramyocardial pH during open-heart surgery.

The development of an antimony electrode (Sb) and a pH meter as a substitute for a glass electrode (G) to measure the intramyocardial pH is reported, and the results of their clinical application. The determination of the pH of CPD (citrate-phosphate-dextrose) blood by Sb showed small differences when compared to G (less than 0.1). Sb was also temperature sensitive. The temperature coefficient of Sb was determined in buffers by varying their temperatures, and an antimony-thermocouple electrode and a temperature-compensated pH meter were subsequently constructed. In CPD blood of varying temperatures Sb showed similar tendencies to G. The results of the application of the new apparatus to 28 patients were statistically no different from those obtained previously by G on 22 patients, either in baseline pH or its fall following aortic cross-clamping. It is concluded that although Sb is not as accurate as G, it is a reasonable alternative for the determination of myocardial acidosis during open-heart surgery.
Dominance stochastic models in data envelopment analysis

Abstract In this paper stochastic models in data envelopment analysis (DEA) are developed by taking into account the possibility of random variations in input-output data, and dominance structures on the DEA envelopment side are used to incorporate the modelbuilder's preferences and to discriminate efficiencies among decision making units (DMUs). The efficiency measure for a DMU is defined via joint dominantly probabilistic comparisons of inputs and outputs with other DMUs and can be characterized by solving a chance constrained programming problem. Deterministic equivalents are obtained for multivariate symmetric random errors and for a single random factor in the production relationships. The goal programming technique is utilized in deriving linear deterministic equivalents and their dual forms. The relationship between the general stochastic DEA models and the conventional DEA models is also discussed.
Domain Adaptation for Opinion Classification: A Self-Training Approach

Domain transfer is a widely recognized problem for machine learning algorithms because models built upon one data domain generally do not perform well in another data domain. This is especially a challenge for tasks such as opinion classification, which often has to deal with insufficient quantities of labeled data. This study investigates the feasibility of self-training in dealing with the domain transfer problem in opinion classification via leveraging labeled data in non-target data domain(s) and unlabeled data in the target-domain. Specifically, self-training is evaluated for effectiveness in sparse data situations and feasibility for domain adaptation in opinion classification. Three types of Web content are tested: edited news articles, semi-structured movie reviews, and the informal and unstructured content of the blogosphere. Findings of this study suggest that, when there are limited labeled data, self-training is a promising approach for opinion classification, although the contributions vary across data domains. Significant improvement was demonstrated for the most challenging data domain the blogosphere when a domain transfer-based self-training strategy was implemented.
E-003 Aneurysm Re-treatments Following Recurrences After Initial Use of the Pipeline Embolization Device

Introduction Although the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED, eV3 Neurovascular, Irvine, California) has provided the field of neuro-interventional surgery with a significant leap forward in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms, treatment failures still exist with this new platform. We sought to examine our experience with re-treatments of cerebral aneurysms after initial treatment with the PED. Materials and methods We retrospectively examined our prospectively maintained endovascular neurosurgical database for cerebral aneurysm treatment failures using the PED from May 2011 to the present time. Nine patients (1 male, 8 female; Age range 28–83 yrs, average age 54.4 yrs, SD 17.5 yrs) treated for nine aneurysms (Average size 17.7 mm, SD 11.9 mm) out of 137 total patients treated with PED were identified during our study period (6.6% re-treatment rate, 9/137). Results Of the nine re-treatments, six were due to persistent filling of the aneurysm, while three were re-treated due to PED contraction/migration at an average time interval of 6.9 months (SD 3.7 months). Following the initial treatment and at the time of re-treatment, all aneurysms had a Raymond 3 occlusion. Despite this, the angiographic appearance of the aneurysms at the time of re-treatment remained the same in 2, better in 6, and worse in 1. At the last follow-up, two aneurysms had a Raymond 1 occlusion, three aneurysms had a Raymond 2 occlusion, and four aneurysms had a Raymond 3 occlusion. Eight aneurysms had better angiographic outcomes versus one aneurysm with a worse angiographic outcome since the re-treatment. Conclusion While there is a low rate of treatment failure following use of the PED, re-treatments can be performed in a safe and effective manner and lead to continued angiographic improvements on long term follow-up. Disclosures M. Park: None. M. Nanaszko: None. M. Sanborn: None. K. Moon: None. C. McDougall: None. F. Albuquerque: None.
The power of negativity: the role of negative emotion in determining readiness for change

This study examines the impact of negative emotions associated with change on individual readiness for change among business school faculty and administrators. Our quantitative study is based on 48...
Characterization and Expression of Calpain 10: A NOVEL UBIQUITOUS CALPAIN WITH NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION

Calpains are calcium-dependent intracellular nonlysosomal proteases that are believed to hydrolyze specific substrates important in calcium-regulated signaling pathways. Recently, an atypical member of the calpain family, calpain 10, was described, and genetic variation in this gene was associated with an increased risk of type II diabetes mellitus in humans. In the present report, a polyclonal antibody directed against rat calpain 10 was developed. This antibody was used to monitor the expression of calpain 10 protein in tissues from rats, mice, and humans. Calpain 10 protein was found to be present in all tissues examined by Western blotting including the lens, retina, brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. Although some calpain 10 was detectable in the water-soluble protein fraction of these tissues, it was preferentially found in the water-insoluble fraction. In the lens, immunohistochemistry revealed that calpain 10 was predominately located in the cytoplasm of epithelial and newly differentiating lens fibers at the transition zone. However, calpain 10 was found to be associated with the plasma membrane of differentiated lens fiber cells and the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle. In the lens epithelium-derived cell line, αTN4–1, the calpain 10 protein was found in a punctate distribution in the cell nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. After the elevation of intracellular calcium levels with ionomycin, calpain 10 protein levels in the nucleus of αTN4–1 cells increased markedly, whereas those in the cytoplasm decreased. In the lens, the elevation of intracellular calcium levels after selenite administration resulted in increased levels of calpain 10 RNA within 1 day and a loss of calpain 10 protein from the lens nucleus coincident with the onset of selenite cataract. In conclusion, calpain 10 seems to be a ubiquitous calpain, the expression level and subcellular distribution of which are dynamically influenced by calcium.