cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Naval shipyard computer-aided time standards

Abstract Computer Aided Time Standards (CATS) provides a computer aided methodology to rapidly find and systematically use standard time data and existing standards to construct new time standards. Various data bases and files containing data essential to the construction of these standards can be accessed through a remote computer terminal or microcomputer workstation. The prime objective in the design of CATS is to provide, in a user-friendly conversational format, the means to rapidly find and retrieve work measurement data and to perform the required mathematical computations. Thus, much of the tedium and inefficiencies inherent in manual operations is eliminated.
(0, 1)-matrices with minimal permanents

It is shown that the permanent of a totally indecomposable (0,1)-matrix is equal to its largest row sum if and only if all its other row sums are 2.
A note on optimum frequency and damping for optically recording strong motion accelerographs

Abstract Selection of optimum frequency and damping for single degree of freedom acceleration transducer with optical or mechanical magnification is investigated. It is shown that for (1) empirical characterization of Fourier Amplitude spectrum of strong earthquake motion in the United States, (2) digitization noise associated with automatic digitization employing rotating drum scanner, and (3) recording sensitivities on film in the range from 1 cm/g to 4 cm/g, the optimum transducer frequency should be between 45 Hz and 50 Hz and the optimum damping should be between 55% and 60%.
Testing the Lack-of-Fit of Zero-Inflated Poisson Regression Models

A zero-inflated Poisson regression model has been widely used for the effect of a covariate in count data containing many zeros with a linear predictor. To assess the adequacy of the linear relationship, we approximate the covariate effect with cubic B-splines. The semiparametric model parameters are estimated by maximizing the likelihood function through an expectation-maximization algorithm. A log-likelihood ratio test is then used to evaluate the adequacy of the linear relation. A simulation study is conducted to study the power performance of the test. A real example is provided to demonstrate the practical use of the methodology.
Capillary waves on an ε -dimensional interface

Calculations on the field-theoretic model of an interface, recently proposed by Wallace and Zia, are extended to three-loop order, in an expansion in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=d\ensuremath{-}1$, where $d$ is the bulk dimension. Extended to $d=2$, we find a correlation-length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ near the critical point, in satisfying agreement with the two-dimensional Ising model. We also prove a Ward identity for the Gibbs free energy of the interface which allows a dramatic reduction of the calculational labor involved.
Application of Measurement Simulation and Least Squares Parameter Estimation in an Undergraduate Servomotor Lab

Laboratory confirmation of theoretical results is important for student confidence in both analytical and experimental techniques. A frequent source of difficulty in obtaining such a confirmation is the improper handling of error-corrupted measurements. This paper discusses measurement simulation and least squares parameter estimation as applied in a dc servomotor laboratory. Simulation illustrates how ideal measurements are obscured by noise, and how usable estimates are recovered from noisy data. Many control system parameters are estimated by the use of linear least squares. Motor time constant is estimated by the method of quasi-linearization combined with least squares. Applications of estimation statistics are described. All measurement and estimation simulations are demonstrated graphically by plots showing both point of measured values and the least squares curve fits.
In the balance

Physics of Massive Neutrinos. By Felix Boehm and Petr Vogel Cambridge University Press: 1987. Pp.211. £25, $34.50
Concentration Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient of Lipid in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The concentration dependence of diffusion coefficients for methyl oleate (MO) and anhydrous milk fat (AMF) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) at 40 °C and various pressures was measured in these two-phase systems by a steady-state method. The applicability of Schreiner's type equations, which are based on the chemical potential driving force, was evaluated for these systems. The thermodynamic factor for each solute was determined from the Peng−Robinson equation of state. For MO, Schreiner's type equations represented its diffusion adequately. The equations with viscosity correction were better than those without it. However, this approach was not successful for the AMF/SC-CO2 system when AMF was considered as a pseudopure component.
A comparison of global motion perception using a multiple-aperture stimulus

The human visual system integrates local motion signals to generate globally coherent motion percepts. However, it is unclear whether the perception of different types of global motion relies on a common motion integration mechanism. Using the multiple-aperture stimulus developed by K. Amano, M. Edwards, D. R. Badcock, and S. Nishida (2009), we compared the motion sensitivity (in terms of coherence threshold) for translational, circular, and radial motion. We found greater motion sensitivity for the two complex (circular and radial) motion types than for translational motion, implying that specific motion integration mechanisms are involved in the computation for different motion types. Our results reveal a "complexity advantage" in perceiving motion, which is consistent with physiological and computational evidence suggesting that specific mechanisms exist for processing complex circular/radial motion. We further examined the contributions of several critical factors that influence human global motion sensitivity. We found that human sensitivity for all motion types remained constant across a range of motion sampling density but varied depending on global speed. The minimum stimulus duration required for observers to reach constant sensitivity was found to be short ( approximately 140 ms) for all motion types.
A stress-free life: just-in-time interventions for stress via real-time forecasting and intervention adaptation

Chronic stress has significant long-term behavioral and physical health consequences, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, anxiety and depression. This paper conducts post-hoc experiments and simulations to demonstrate feasibility of both real-time stress forecasting and stress intervention adaptation and optimization. Using physiological data collected by ten individuals in the natural environment for one week, we first show that simple Hidden Markov Models can be used to forecast heart rate variability - a proxy for stress - up to 3 minutes in advance. Second, we expand Q-Learning (QL), a reinforcement learning methodology previously used to adapt non-pervasive interventions, to take advantage of the always-available nature of pervasive technology. Using eligibility traces, we demonstrate how QL could be used by a pervasive health system to adapt and deliver any number and type of interventions for a given health event. Our hope is that this work will take us one step closer to using pervasive devices to assist in the daily management of chronic stress and other health challenges.
Use of self-avoiding paths for characterization of molecular graphs with multiple bonds

Abstract Enumeration of paths in graphs with multiple connections and graphs with weighted bonds is considered. The approach involves a modification of a recently published algorithm for enumeration of paths in having only simple connections. Programs for more general enumerations have been written in PL/1, BASIC and FORTRAN. Besides connectivity, the input now requires information on the multiplicity of the connections or the weights of selected bonds. Output is a list of paths, the number of paths of different length and, in the case of weighted bonds (when no prior specifications of the weights are assumed), the list of paths involving weighted bonds as well as other bonds. Selected illustrations are given to show how path numbers may be useful for comparisons of related structures.
Optimal and adaptive correction of aero-optical wavefronts in an adaptive optics experiment

This paper compares an optimal linear time-invariant controller and an adaptive controller for prediction and control of aero-optical wavefronts derived from recent flight-test data. Both control methods have the form of multichannel prediction filters that capture the statistics of the aero-optical turbulence to mitigate latency in the adaptive optics loop. Experimental results show the improvement in wavefront correction achieved by both prediction methods. Altering the flow characteristics of the disturbance wavefront during the control process illustrates the ability of the adaptive controller to track changes in the aberration statistics.
Cluster Model Calculation on the Energy Levels of the Lithium Isotopes

A variational procedure is adopted to determine the energies of the levels of the highest space symmetry type in ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$. The trial wave functions employed take into consideration the existence of cluster structures in those nuclei. With a simple two-body force, it is shown that the computed energies of the various states are in reasonable agreement with experiment. The $^{2}F_{\frac{5}{2}}$ level in ${\mathrm{Li}}^{7}$, as yet undetermined experimentally, is found to have an excitation energy of about 5.6 Mev and a rather large level width. The calculation also indicates that to explain the splitting of levels in those nuclei, a constant two-body spin-orbit force of the pure neutral form is inadequate.
The ethology of psychiatric populations: An introduction

Abstract Ethology and psychiatry are separate disciplines that deal with a common subject— behavior—each according to its own orientation. The collection of articles in this special supplementary issue represents the current state of interaction between the two disciplines. Ethology and its outgrowth, sociobiology, offer psychiatry an alternative and yet to be fully explored perspective with which to understand psychiatric populations. Psychiatry offers ethology and sociobiology challenging populations upon which ethological and sociobiological theories and methods can be tested. The contributors to this special supplementary issue hope that the series of articles stimulates more interaction between the two disciplines.
The Neural Theory of Metaphor

Report: January, 2009. An earlier version appeared in: R. Gibbs. 2008 The Metaphor Handbook, Cambridge University Press. The Neural Theory of Metaphor George Lakoff University of California at Berkeley The neural revolution is changing our understanding of the brain and the mind in radical ways, and that is no less true in the theory of metaphor. It is 30 years since Mark Johnson and I wrote Metaphors We Live By in 1979. Though the fundamental outlines of what we discovered remain as valid today as they were then, developments in brain science and neural computation have vastly enriched our understanding of how conceptual metaphor works. This is an intermediate report, as of January 2009. You may well ask why anyone interested in metaphor should care about the brain and neural computation. The reason is that that what we have learned about the brain explains an awful lot about the properties of metaphor. For example, have you ever asked why conceptual metaphor exists at all, why we should think metaphorically, why metaphors should take the form of cross—domain mappings? Have you thought about how our metaphor system is grounded in experience, or about why certain conceptual metaphors are widespread around the world or even universal? Have you wondered about how complex poetic metaphors are built up out of simpler metaphors? Have you wondered about how whole systems of philosophical or mathematical thought can be built up out of conceptual metaphors. The neural theory explains all this. It explains more as well: Why metaphorical language should take no longer to process than non—metaphorical language. Why some sentences of the form X is Y make sense as metaphors and why others fail. How conceptual metaphors can play a role in abstract concepts. These and other wondrous properties of conceptual metaphors fall out once one considers metaphor theory from the perspective of the brain. In 1988, Jerome Feldman came to Berkeley as director of the International Computer Science Institute, and he and I formed the NTL (Neural Theory of Language) group. Feldman is one of the founders of the theory of neural computation, and we have been working together since then. Feldman’s landmark book, From Molecule to Metaphor surveys much of the work of our group, and is a must-read for metaphor theorists. As a background both to reading that book and to our discussion of metaphor, I offer a brief and overly simple introduction to the neural theory of language (NTL).
Improving the safety of cell therapy products by suicide gene transfer

Adoptive T-cell therapy can involve donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the administration of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) expanded ex-vivo, or more recently the use of T cell receptor (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells. However cellular therapies can pose significant risks, including graft-versus-host-disease and other on and off-target effects, and therefore strategies need to be implemented to permanently reverse any sign of toxicity. A suicide gene is a genetically encoded molecule that allows selective destruction of adoptively transferred cells. Suicide gene addition to cellular therapeutic products can lead to selective ablation of gene-modified cells, preventing collateral damage to contiguous cells and/or tissues. The ‘ideal’ suicide gene would ensure the safety of gene modified cellular applications by granting irreversible elimination of ‘all’ and ‘only’ the cells responsible for the unwanted toxicity. This review presents the suicide gene safety systems reported to date, with a focus on the state-of-the-art and potential applications regarding two of the most extensively validated suicide genes, including the clinical setting: herpes-simplex-thymidine-kinase (HSV-TK) and inducible-caspase-9 (iCasp9).
Characteristics of professional development that effect change in secondary science teachers' classroom practices

We studied the outcome of a professional development opportunity that consisted of 2- week-long resident institutes for teams consisting of a secondary science teacher and two students. The science content of the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded professional development institute was monarch butterfly ecology. The first institute took place in Minnesota during the summer, and the second in Texas during the fall. Staff scientists provided intense instruction in inquiry, with numerous opportunities for participants to conduct short inquiry-based research projects. Careful attention was paid to introducing each step of the full inquiry process, from asking questions to presenting research findings. All participants conducted independent team full inquiry projects between the two institutes. Project findings show that the number of teachers providing opportunities for their students to conduct full inquiry increased significantly after their participation. A mixed-methodology analysis that included qualitative and quantitative data from numerous sources, and case studies of 20 teachers, revealed that the characteristics of the program that helped teachers successfully translate inquiry to their classrooms were: deep science content and process knowledge with numerous opportunities for practice; the requirement that teachers demonstrate competence in a tangible and assessable way; and providers with high expectations for learning and the capability to facilitate multifaceted inquiry experiences. 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 42: 668-690, 2005
Can you have your low-fat cake and eat it too? The role of fat-modified products.

Abstract The American public, along with the medical and scientific communities, has certain expectations about the consumption of fat-modified foods; specifically, that such consumption will result in positive health benefits for both the individual and the population. Initial attempts by consumers to reduce fat intake required elimination of favorite foods or substitution of those foods with less palatable offerings. The food industry now has developed more than 5,600 reduced-fat products of varying palatability. However, recent questions have arisen regarding the potential use and anticipated health benefits of these products. This commentary explores the underlying assumptions and expectations surrounding the use of fat-modified products, examines current usage rates of these products, and reviews the reported impact of these products on overall diet by relating these issues to two theoretic frameworks (Diffusion of Innovations and Stages of Change). Finally, some suggestions regarding realistic expectations for these products in the context of an overall diet are presented. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(suppl):S76-S81.
INTRODUCTION: WHY VICTORIAN NATURAL HISTORY?

VICTORIANS WERE IN LOVE WITH natural history. David Allen describes their passion as a series of crazes – over geology, over shells, and over ferns, as in pteridomania (mania over ferns) – to cite just a very few examples. Lynn Merrill, on the other hand, delineates a more comprehensive, cultural romance, one extending over many years. Whatever we choose to call this love, we are still in the process of discovering just how deep and lasting it was. Like many love affairs, it was marked at first by a blush enthusiasm and fascination with otherness. This was followed by curiosity and a rage to risk self in the quest to know more about the other – and sometimes, as a result, by ridiculous missteps. Think of George Eliot and George Henry Lewes sloshing around at the seashore, ill-equipped but determined to find out enough to write about what they were trying to capture and study. Or recall Mary Kingsley out in Africa in a canoe propelled by several Congolese, tumbling out of the boat but saving her trusted copy of Albert Gunther's 1880 Introduction to the Study of Fishes , tenacious in her desire to bring back labeled specimens to the British Museum of Natural history. Earlier, in a similarly resolute quest to record birdlife, John and Elizabeth Gould globe-trotted to the extent that they put Elizabeth's life and their growing family at risk. And people like explorer/naturalist Thomas Bowdich died of fever for their fervor over natural history, in Bowdich's case as he worked to detail facts about specimens in Porto Santo, off the coast of West Africa. Bowdich left a wife to fend for herself and their family via her own study of natural history, and one result was Sara Bowdich Lee's beautifully illustrated Fresh-Water Fishes of Great Britain (1828). The romance with nature certainly cut across class and gender barriers. Stonecutter Hugh Miller could lose himself as easily in geological pursuits as could Charles Darwin or Sir Charles Lyell and Marianne North's passion for plants may well have matched or exceeded that of Kew's famous botanist, Sir Joseph Hooker.
Observation of neoclassical impurity transport in Ohmically heated plasmas of CDX-U low aspect ratio tokamak

High ?, good confinement and stability properties of the low aspect ratio tokamaks, or spherical tori (ST), have been predicted theoretically and preliminarily confirmed in several large experiments recently. This paper reports on impurity transport experiments carried out in ohmically heated plasmas of the small spherical torus CDX-U with the aspect ratio of A1.5. Vacuum ultraviolet and soft x-ray multichannel spectroscopic diagnostics are used to measure intrinsic carbon, oxygen and radiated power radial brightness profiles in plasmas with Te(0)60?80?eV and ne(0)2?1013?cm?3. The measurements are performed in both magnetohydrodynamically dominated and quiescent phase of the plasmas. The properties of the observed low m/n modes, sawtooth oscillations, and ST-specific reconnection events are discussed in the context of particle transport. The measured impurity profiles are modelled using one-dimensional impurity transport code MIST and a collisional-radiative package CRMLIN. Impurity diffusion of 0.2?m2?s?1?D?0.6?m2?s?1 and convection velocity of v4?6?m?s?1 are inferred from the modelling. These transport coefficients are very close to the neoclassical theory predictions obtained with the FORCEBAL code, which uses analytical plasma viscosity expressions valid for an arbitrary aspect ratio geometry. Neoclassical analysis indicates that both carbon and oxygen are in the collisional regime, and the Pfirsch?Schluter flux is the major fraction of the impurity flux. The causes of the observed strong non-diffusive transport are discussed, and it is concluded that the ?ni/ni term, resulting from highly peaked ion density profile, makes the largest contribution to the inward pinch. Present analysis suggests that drift wave turbulence is reduced in CDX-U ohmically heated discharges within at?least r/a?0.4, however more refined measurements are needed to interpret the results in the framework of ST ion transport.
A Comparison of Saliva Cotinine, Carbon Monoxide Levels, and Self-Report as Indicators of Smoking Cessation in the Pregnant Adolescent

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy presents significant health risks to both the mother and infant. Among pregnant women, the highest rates of smoking occur among teens 15-19 years old, yet pregnant adolescents are likely to underrepresent their smoking. Self-report, exhaled carbon monoxide, and saliva cotinine levels are all indicators used to determine the status of cigarette smoking in adolescents. The best, yet most cost-effective method to evaluate smoking status in pregnant adolescents needs to be identified. The purpose of the current study was to examine the accuracy of self-report and carbon monoxide levels as compared to saliva cotinine as indicators of smoking cessation in pregnant teenagers.The self-reported smoking behavior, saliva cotinine level, and exhaled breath carbon monoxide of 109 pregnant adolescents who had completed a smoking cessation program were examined. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to compare the accuracy of self-reported smoking cessation and of the carbon mono...
Hot-electron femtochemistry at surfaces: on the role of multiple electron processes in desorption

Abstract Aspects of molecular processes at surfaces due to sub-ps laser pulses of visible light are discussed here. Within the limits of the standard two-temperature model describing the temporal evolution of fs laser-excited substrate electrons, a theoretical contribution to our understanding of desorption induced by fs laser stimulation is presented which includes, in a rudimentary way, multiple inelastic hot-electron scattering from the adsorbate. Results of the present model suggest that the degree of electron multiplicity (significantly less than 10) in fs-laser-induced-desorption is not as great as implied by previous DIMET (=desorption induced by multiple electronic transitions) or stochastic friction models.
A survey and experimental study of neural network AUV control

This paper presents a survey of neural network controllers for AUVs. A direct adaptive neural net controller incorporating integral action was designed for the heave motion of the ODIN underwater vehicle. The neural net controller is trained online by parallel recursive error prediction method and the critic equation. The influence of the various design parameters of the neural net controller was investigated by computer simulation and the controller was also experimentally tested using the ODIN. Results of the computer simulation and experiment are discussed in this paper.
Play, pleasure, and pain: The reduction of anxiety through play

Abstract An explanation to account for play behaviors which reflect the reenactment of an unpleasant event has been derived from the view that playful experiences serve to reduce anxiety. It has been suggested that play serves as a neutralizing medium by which young children manipulate a traumatic or anxiety‐inducing situation in an attempt to gain mastery over the event. Observations of young children at play have provided some anecdotal evidence, but as yet there has been no systematic investigation of the hypotheses drawn from the psychoanalytic paradigm. The present study induced a conflict situation in preschool children and compared their subsequent play behavior to a matched neutral group. Pre‐ and post‐physiological and behavioral measures of anxiety and emotional displeasure were taken, and durations of categories of play related to the source of the conflict were recorded. Results supported the view that play provides for the expression, and hence reduction, of an unpleasant event, in that the c...
Energy Absorption of Integrated Functionally Gradient Syntactic Foam

Functionally gradient syntactic foams (FGSFs) are fabricated using a layer-over-layer integrated technique in five different layer sequences. Four different types of glass microballoons, with similar outer diameters but different inner diameters are used to fabricate individual layers in integrated FGSFs (IFGSFs). The volume fraction of microballoons in each IFGSF layer is kept constant at 60% to maintain uniformity in the structure. The different layers of IFGSFs are integrated before major solidification takes place. IFGSFs are investigated for flat-wise and edge-wise compression properties on a MTS-810 servo hydraulic machine. Compared to plain syntactic foams with a similar density, it is found that the energy absorption of flat-wise and edge-wise IFGSFs increase by more than 200% and 20%, respectively. Also, the IFGSFs show a dramatic increment in compressive properties compared to adhesively bonded FGSFs. Furthermore, IFGSFs are compared to one another to examine the effect of layer sequencing on fl...
Examining Cohort Differences and Resilience among the Aging LGBT Community: Implications for Education and Practice among an Expansively Diverse Population

The aging lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community continues to grow considerably while often being faced with unique and unmet needs separate from younger LGBT cohorts or their non-LGBT counterparts. This article explores some of the differences in attitudes among generational cohort groups regarding coming out decisions; sexual risk and safety; the impact of evolving policies within systems and society; as well as the demonstrated strengths and resiliencies of the aging LGBT community. Implications and suggestions for education, training, and best practices among this expansive and diverse population are considered as well as continued research in the field of LGBT aging.
Large-sample quantile estimation in pareto laws

A large-sample method of estimation for the parameters of Pareto laws is investigatedo The estimates are derived by using a small subset of k sample quantiles out of the original observations. The optimum spacing of the k quantiles is also examined. A Monte Carlo study compares this method with the method of moments and that of maximum likelihood for a selected set of parameter values and sample sizes.
Interactions of native and non-native lady beetle species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with aphid-tending ants in laboratory arenas.

Interactions between lady beetles and the European Þre ant (Myrmica rubra L.) tending potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)) were compared in the laboratory. Lady beetle species native to North America (Coccinella trifasciata perplexa Mulsant,Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville) and non-native species of Palearctic origin (Coccinella septempunctata L., Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata L.)) were evaluated. Harmonia axyridis consumed a signiÞcantly greater number of aphids compared with all other species but C. septempunctata. Ant stings affected H. variegata and C. septempunctata to a greater extent than other species. Ants showed a signiÞcantly greater amount of aggression toward H. convergens and H. variegata compared with P. quatuordeci- mpunctata. P. quatuordecimpunctata, C. trifasciata, and H. axyridis reacted signiÞcantly less to ants compared with H. variegata, H. convergens, C. maculata, and C. septempunctata. Differences in interactions with natural enemies may explain, in part, the successful establishment of some non-native coccinellids in new habitats.
Investigation of the Physical and Molecular Properties of Asphalt Binders Processed with Used Motor Oils

In this work we investigated the performance aspects of addition of used motor oils (UMO) to neat and crumb rubber modified asphalts (CRMA) and related that to the change of molecular size distribution of modified asphalt’s fractions; asphaltenes, saturates, naphthene aromatics, and polar aromatics. Based on the results of temperature sweep viscoelastic tests, addition of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) alone or with UMO results in the formation of internal network within the modified asphalt. Based on the results of short and long term aged asphalts, the utilization of combination of UMO and CRM enhanced the aging behavior of asphalt. Bending beam rheometer was utilized to investigate the low temperature behavior of UMO modified asphalts. Based on those tests, the utilization of the UMO and CRM enhanced the low temperature properties of asphalts. Based on the results of the asphalt separation tests and the Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis, it was found that saturates and naphthene aromatics are the two asphalt fractions that have similar molecular size fractions as those of UMO. However, UMO only shifts the molecular sizes of saturates after interaction with asphalt. Results also show that polar aromatics pose higher molecular size structures than UMO.
Large-volume high-pressure CO 2 laser for ultrashort pulse amplification

Since Corkum’s first demonstration of ultrashort pulse generation (~240 fs) from the CO2 laser,1 this short-pulse 10-μm light source is generating more interest in multiphoton excitation in photochemistry, in ultrafast processes in semiconductor materials, and in applications to laser particle acceleration.2 To increase the energy level of ultrashort pulses, a broad-bandwidth amplifier is required. For this purpose, high-pressure CO2 amplifiers (>10 atm) are commonly employed to utilize the pressure-broadened bandwidth.
Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering as a Probe of Molecular Orientation Correlation in Isotropic Liquids

Polarization and angle-dependent hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurements are presented for liquid nitrobenzene, which show that the molecular dipole orientation distribution for nitrobenzene is a transverse vector field.
The Fabrication and Magnetic Shielding Properties of Melt Cast Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O

Magnetic shields for SQUID applications were successfully fabricated using high Tc superconducting BSCCO. To produce shields with appropriate superconducting properties and close dimensional control, it was necessary to develop new processing techniques. Shields were produced by casting liquid BSCCO into molds, heat treating and machining. This technique is applicable to fabricating other types of superconducting devices requiring bulk superconductors with complex shapes and close dimensional control.
State Legislative Elections What We Know and Don't Know

This article summarizes research that has been done on state legislative elections since the ICPSR released computer files of these elections for the 1968-1986 period. The major topics include incumbent success, the effect of national trends, electoral causes of divided government, effects of districting systems on outcomes, and campaign finance. Suggestions are made for further research, and some of the methodological problems of such research are discussed. Particular attention is given to the need for merging these data with other electoral and contextual data. This is difficult because these data are seldom broken down by legislative district. There is a need to more clearly distinguish between incumbent advantages and the partisan control of districts in explaining incumbent success—an issue that raises methodological problems.
353 COMPARISON OF POLYETHYLENE WEAR ON THE BASIS OF FEMORAL HEAD PENETRATION RELATIVE TO THE ACETABULUM IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY.

Polyethylene wear at the bearing surface of total hip prostheses can result in an inflammatory response that leads to periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Studies have demonstrated a reduction in wear in polyethylene with a more highly cross-linked molecular structure. The purpose of this study was to compare polyethylene wear on the basis of femoral head penetration in total hip prostheses with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) with those of standard polyethylene (non-XLPE). Femoral head penetration was evaluated in 74 patients. All hips were cemented stems with polished collarless prostheses and 28 mm CoCr femoral heads. Acetabular components were cementless hemispherical sockets with either XLPE or non-XLPE. The arthroplasties were performed because of degenerative joint disease in 54 hips, avascular necrosis in 8 hips, hip fracture in 4 hips, RA in 3 hips, psoriasis in 2 hips, AS in 1 hip, RA/AVN in 1 hip, and RA/fx in 1 hip. Linear polyethyelene wear was measured using the Livermore technique on standardized anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. The relationships between femoral head penetration (FHP) and implant material, gender, patient weight, and socket inclination were examined. Overall, the mean difference in FHP during the first year was not statistically significant when XLPE was compared with non-XLPE (p = .54). However, the comparison of FHP after the first year found that the FHP was lower for XLPE (p = .04). There were no significant differences in comparing FHP both during and after the first year by material and gender. The observed FHP for non-XLPE was greater than for XLPE both during and after the first year in males but only after the first year in females; however, the difference was not significant. Age has a significant negative relationship with FHP during the first year. The correlation between socket inclination and FHP was weak and not statistically significant (Rxy = .12, p = .307). These findings suggest that steady-state wear rates may be less in XLPE compared with non-XLPE after bedding-in has occurred in the first year. Bedding-in is a slow, plastic deformation in the direction of prevailing stress of the polyethylene and/or settling in of the liner. Radiographic methods for the assessment of polyethylene wear on the basis of femoral head penetration must be further developed to differentiate between plastic deformation of the polyethylene and actual polyethylene wear.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Yantian District of Shenzhen from 2008-2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Yantian district of Shenzhen city, provide scientific evidences for making prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to assess the data reported to surveillance system. Results Total 1 520 cases of varicella were reported. The average incidence rate in 5 years was 143.90/100 000.About 66.51% of cases occurred in children 10 years. Varicella presented obviously two peak times: April to July, November to January. And the incidence of varicella was statistically significant in the different streets. 3 public health emergencies were reported during these five years, all occurred in kindergartens. Conclusion The varicella epidemic is serious in Yantian District, schools and kindergartens are the key control settings of varicella.
Identifying Farm to School Barriers and Keys to Success: Perceptions of Hourly Employees

ABSTRACTSchool foodservice operations constitute a large portion of the noncommercial foodservice industry. Due to the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act, school foodservice employees are faced with the challenge of serving increased amounts of produce to students. Farm to school programs may help meet this challenge. This study focused on identifying barriers and keys to success when using local produce from farm to school programs. Semistructured Interviews were conducted with hourly school foodservice employees. Challenges included appearance, shelf life, service to students, and availability. Keys to success included exposure and support, service, and employee motivation. Results of the study are not generalizable but were used to develop a questionnaire to identify barriers among a larger sample.
Preconditioning approach in stem cell therapy for the treatment of infarcted heart

Nearly two decades of research in regenerative medicine have been focused on the development of stem cells as a therapeutic option for treatment of the ischemic heart. Given the ability of stem cells to regenerate the damaged tissue, stem-cell-based therapy is an ideal approach for cardiovascular disorders. Preclinical studies in experimental animal models and clinical trials to determine the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy have produced encouraging results that promise angiomyogenic repair of the ischemically damaged heart. Despite these promising results, stem cell therapy is still confronted with issues ranging from uncertainty about the as-yet-undetermined "ideal" donor cell type to the nonoptimized cell delivery strategies to harness optimal clinical benefits. Moreover, these lacunae have significantly hampered the progress of the heart cell therapy approach from bench to bedside for routine clinical applications. Massive death of donor cells in the infarcted myocardium during acute phase postengraftment is one of the areas of prime concern, which immensely lowers the efficacy of the procedure. An overview of the published data relevant to stem cell therapy is provided here and the various strategies that have been adopted to develop and optimize the protocols to enhance donor stem cell survival posttransplantation are discussed, with special focus on the preconditioning approach.
Dynamic contingency analysis and remedial action tools for secure electric cyber-physical systems

In recent years, the drive to bring about technological and regulatory changes that concern energy, natural resources, and climate change has gathered significant momentum. Of the numerous changes that the power grid is undergoing, perhaps the most transformative is the increased use of communication and computing technologies. The deployment of new communication, computing, and control technologies has significantly augmented the capabilities of traditional Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems. These technologies characterize the “smart grid” and have transformed them into the largest and most complex cyber-physical systems ever built; they also hold the potential to revolutionize power system operation and control paradigms. The system can often be protected from widespread consequences of failures of system components and other types of faults through timely detection and remedial action. By evaluating the stability of power systems and executing a sequence of remedial actions in real time or faster than real time, power systems can be hardened against cascading failures and unfolding events which can be either initiated by failures of system components, faults, or malicious attacks. This chapter discusses the application of real-time transient stability assessment and remedial action tools in enhancing power systems against potential cascading failures utilizing the developments in communication and computing technologies. Remedial actions are classified into preventive and corrective actions based on the time available to an operator to respond. Direct methods in the form of the energy function are utilized in transient stability screening and generating remedial actions. Different methods of calculating the controlling unstable equilibrium points (an equilibrium point that the trajectory of the system will go to after a destabilizing contingency) such as a Boundary of stability region-based Controlling Unstable equilibrium point method and a homotopy-based method are presented. Explicit derivations of expressions that are needed for transient stability analysis and remedial actions as well as an illustrative example are also provided.
Why intensity is not a bad word: Optimizing health status at any age

Age-related declines in health and function make locomotion increasingly difficult leading to reductions in non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), skeletal muscle size and strength, and increased adiposity. Exercise is an important strategy to attenuate loss of function through the life cycle. Despite claims to the contrary, high-intensity exercise is important for the prevention of obesity and sarcopenia with advancing age. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to present literature supporting the contention that low volume, high-intensity aerobic and/or resistance training can slow sarcopenia, sustain ease of movement, stimulate NEAT, and attenuate the accretion of fat mass.
Obstructed Use: Reconceptualizing the Mental Health (Help-Seeking) Experiences of Black Americans:

The present body of scholarship suggests that Black Americans seek mental health services at much lower rates than their White American counterparts. The explanations for these decreased levels of ...
Phase imaging of mechanical properties of live cells (Conference Presentation)

The mechanisms by which cells respond to mechanical stimuli are essential for cell function yet not well understood. Many rheological tools have been developed to characterize cellular viscoelastic properties but these typically require direct mechanical contact, limiting their throughput. We have developed a new approach for characterizing the organization of subcellular structures using a label free, noncontact, single-shot phase imaging method that correlates to measured cellular mechanical stiffness. The new analysis approach measures refractive index variance and relates it to disorder strength. These measurements are compared to cellular stiffness, measured using the same imaging tool to visualize nanoscale responses to flow shear stimulus. The utility of the technique is shown by comparing shear stiffness and phase disorder strength across five cellular populations with varying mechanical properties. An inverse relationship between disorder strength and shear stiffness is shown, suggesting that cell mechanical properties can be assessed in a format amenable to high throughput studies using this novel, non-contact technique. Further studies will be presented which include examination of mechanical stiffness in early carcinogenic events and investigation of the role of specific cellular structural proteins in mechanotransduction.
Medical and surgical management of Pasteurella canis infectious keratitis.

Abstract Introduction We describe a case of refractory Pasteurella Canis keratitis that initially failed antimicrobial treatment but was successfully treated with a conjunctival flap followed by a penetrating keratoplasty. Case discussion A 70-year-old male had persistent corneal edema related to previous herpes zoster keratouveitis with visual acuity of 20/400. An endothelial keratoplasty was performed with improvement in vision to 20/25. Several months after this surgery the patient developed a corneal infiltrate and cultures grew Pasturella canis. The infection persisted despite topical treatment with broad spectrum fortified vancomycin, tobramycin and fluoroquinolones. A conjunctival flap combined with corneal cryotherapy was performed to help mitigate symptoms and to allow the ulcer to heal. A penetrating keratoplasty was done several months later. Discussion The patient achieved pain relief immediately after the flap was placed. Medications were tapered off in the following few months after the procedure. A penetrating keratoplasty was performed 4 months later. The patient has remained almost entirely symptom free, and the graft remained clear one year after surgery. Conclusions A keratitis caused by Pasteurella canis that is resistant to medical therapy can be treated successfully with a conjunctival flap and cryotherapy followed by a penetrating keratoplasty.
6.6 – Control of Ventilation

Since respiration requires muscular activity, its control must ultimately be neural. This neural control has voluntary and involuntary components. The diaphragm is controlled by the phrenic nerve, which originates from C3–C5 vertebrae; the external and internal intercostals are controlled by spinal nerves in the thoracic cord; the abdominal muscles are controlled by spinal nerves in the lumbar cord. Respiratory control goes through centers in the brain stem, the pons and medulla, including the pontine respiratory group and dorsal and ventral respiratory groups of the medulla. Sensory information reaches these groups over the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. Sensory information includes stretch, PaCO2PaCO2, PaO2PaO2, and pH. Central chemoreceptors in the dorsal medulla also sense PaCO2PaCO2 and pH. The DRG provides inspiratory drive, the VRG both inspiratory and expiratory drives. Peripheral chemoreceptors increase firing with decreased pH, increased PaCO2PaCO2, and decreased PaO2PaO2. Increased activity of the peripheral chemoreceptors increases ventilatory drive. Compensation for hypercapnia, hypoxia, and metabolic acidosis is discussed.
Real Estate and Business Geographic Data Now On The Net

This section on data for real estate and business geographic analysis has been part of JREL for about four years. The categorization scheme was introduced in Thrall (2002), and the large annotated data compendium was published in JREL by Thrall (2001). The purpose of this section has been to provide a resource for those in our community to more efficiently and more comprehensively find data that can be used within their analysis. After those initial publications, members of this Real Estate Information Technology (REITech) board, others, and myself, have published additional annotations and references in JREL. Our work has not gone unnoticed by many influential people outside our immediate community. This section of JREL has been invited to be available online at Geospatial One-Stop http://www.geodata.gov/gos within the portal "Business and Economic." I recently traveled to Washington DC, where I met with the U.S. Geological Survey and accepted the chairmanship of the Geospatial One-Stop (GOS) Business and Economic Committee. This is an important initiative for all JREL readers to participate in, by building our national spatial data infrastructure. GOS is one of the Office of Management and Budget's twenty-four e-government initiatives, part of the Bush Administration's Management Reform Agenda for improving government efficiency. The Internet realization of the initiative is http://www.geodata.gov, an integrated portal for access to maps, data and geospatial services. The site is a centralized repository of spatial data and links to spatial information to enhance collaboration and partnerships for decision making. I did the initial programming of the "Business and Economic" section during the summer of 2004. So, it is still in its infancy. Included at the site is an online version of Thrall (2002) along with updates to that early contribution. But the site offers much more than what I personally consider the core to those in our field. The site has links and online data mapping that is important to all in business and economics, as well as others in the spatial sciences. The site will develop rapidly with the intent that it truly becomes the one-stop source for information on how to discover and access spatial data. Key to the success of this important undertaking is participation by the ARES community. And success can benefit us all. Not only will the portal help us all to share information on data with one another, but also government and industry leaders will be visiting http://www. …