cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with colon cancer.

Abstract Background: The sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping technique has been used in breast cancer and melanoma, and was recently described for colon cancer. Methods: Thirty-five patients with colon cancer underwent intraoperative SLN mapping. One milliliter of 1% isosulfan blue was injected subserosally around the tumor. The first nodal area that was highlighted with blue was identified as the SLN. All lymph nodes underwent examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. SLNs underwent additional sectioning and were stained with CAM 5.2. Results: Lymphatic mapping adequately identified the SLN in 25 patients (71%). In the 15 cases where the SLNs were negative for metastases, all other non-SLNs were also negative (0% false negative rate). The SLN was the only site of metastases in 6 (17%) of 35 patients. CAM 5.2 staining provided the only evidence of micrometastases in 4 (11%) of 35 patients. Conclusions: Intraoperative SLN mapping is a feasible technique with a reasonable SLN identification rate (71%). The absence of metastases in the SLNs accurately predicts the status of the non-SLNs. Tumors in 11% of patients were upstaged by the demonstration of micrometastatic involvement, and these patients may benefit from further adjuvant chemotherapy.
Recent Improvement in Outcome for the Small Premature Infant: Follow-Up of Infants with a Birth Weight of Less Than 1,500 Grams

1. Developmental and neurologic outcome was determined for 176 premature infants of birth weight less than 1,500 gm, born during 1965-1970. 2. No significant difference in outcome was found when infants of birth weight 1,000 to 1,500 gm were compared with those weighing less than 1,000 gm. 3. The overall outcome is generally favorable, with 67% of the entire group noew deemed developmentally and neurologically normal. 4. Improvement in outcome in the small premature infant seems related to aggressive perinatal care, particularly monitoring of biophysical, biochemical and metabolic factors in the fetus and neonate;
Thermodynamic functions at saturation of several metal sulfates in aqueous sulfuric and deuterosulfuric acids at temperatures up to 350°C

Abstract From solubilities of several metal sulfates in aqueous solutions of sulfuric and deuterosulfuric acids at temperatures up to 350°C, together with second ionization quotients (Q2) of the acids, solubility products (Qsp) have been calculated. When isothermal values of log Qsp in solutions of widely varying molality of acid were plotted against an extended Debye-Huckel equation, the extrapolation to zero ionic strength yielded a solubility product constant (Ksp). Solubilities interpreted in this manner were those for MgSO4·H2O, NiSO4·H2O, CaSO4·2H2O, CaSO 4 · 1 2 H 2 O , CaSO4, Li2SO4, and Na2SO4, in H2SO4H2O solutions and for MgSO4·D2O, NiSO4·D2O, and Li2SO4 in D2SO4D2O solutions. With the exceptions of CaSO4·2H2O and CaSO 4 · 1 2 H 2 O studied only at 25–60°C and 125°C, respectively, all solubilities of salts were evaluated at temperatures from 200 to 350°C. Adherence to extended Debye-Huckel theory was good, and provided a method for calculating mean activity coefficients of the several separate salts in the acidic media. Values of log Ksp for each metal sulfate were plotted against 1 T (°K) to yield thermodynamic functions. Similarities in behavior between the saturated H2SO4H2O and D2SO4D2O solutions and between Li2SO4 and Na2SO4 solubilities are described.
Enabling shallow water flight on Slocum gliders

Underwater gliders are a disruptive technology capable of transforming our understanding of the ocean. Efficient vehicle flight is critical for proper data collection, allowing successful completion of project goals. Slocum glider flights in less than 15 m of water have been only marginally successful, as use of deep water flight coefficients disables proper inflection at shallow depths. Groundings can damage sensors, degrade data, halt progress, and ultimately endanger the vehicle. To correct poor flight performance, sensor parameters responsible for inflection were individually analyzed and adjusted. Tests were conducted on repeated flights in the shallow state waters of New Jersey with glider RU28 while conducting dissolved oxygen surveys for the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA); further verifications were conducted off the shoaling areas of Delaware with glider OTIS while searching for tagged sturgeon and sand tiger sharks. As a result of these tests, flight performance has been drastically improved, with efficient flight in 8 m of water, including several promising instances in water as shallow as 6 m. Prior to adjustments, gliders would make little forward progress and spend 50-100% of a flight segment grounded. With the new parameters loaded, groundings have been eliminated from coastal missions. Enabling shallow water flight for Slocum gliders allows vehicle operations in an area largely unexplored by this type of platform, opening up coastal areas to new project ideas and sampling schemes. Shallow water flight parameters can be shared with the community to increase sampling density in areas previously off limits to these vehicles.
TTX-sensitive action potentials and excitability of adult rat sensory neurons cultured in serum- and exogenous nerve growth factor-free medium

Abstract The excitability of adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured in the absence of serum and exogenously added nerve growth factor (NGF) was studied. Current-clamp recordings revealed the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive action potentials. Voltage-clamp recordings demonstrated the presence of both inward and outward currents. The inward Na + current had a maximal amplitude near − 10 mV and was completely blocked by TTX. A sustained Ca 2+ inward current and a slowly activating outward K + current were also observed. TTX-sensitive and TTX-resistant action potentials have been observed in previous studies in DRG neurons cultured in the presence of serum. By contrast, in the study reported here, only TTX-sensitive action potentials and Na + currents were found in the neurons cultured in the absence of serum and nerve growth factor.
Mechanism of coke deposition on the surface of molybdenite

Abstract The formation of coke is studied by SEM/TEM on the basal plane of a thin (ca. 500 A) single-crystal film of MoS 2 . From exposure to benzene at 550 and 700 °C, which is exothermic in decomposition, carbon islands are formed on the face opposite to the exposure face; whereas for the endothermic decomposition of methane (at 700 °C), carbon islands are formed on the exposure face. This result provides a direct evidence for the carbon diffusion mechanism for coke deposition in which a temperature gradient is the driving force for carbon diffusion. It is demonstrated that the formation and growth of thin (perhaps monolayer) carbon islands can be studied by gold decoration/TEM. A gold-decoration/TEM study of coke formation of benzene on MoS 2 show that screw dislocations are not preferred sites for carbon deposition, and that steps on the basal plane are likely the active sites for decomposition of benzene.
Effects of Normalizing Annealing on the Recrystallization Texture of 4.2wt.%Si Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Thin Sheets

The 4.2wt.%Si non-oriented electrical steel thin sheets with the thickness of 0.30mm were produced by the conventional procedure including hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing. The recrystallization texture was analyzed with emphasis on the effect of normalizing annealing. The results show that the  fiber with peak at {111} is weaker and η ﬁber is stronger in the sheets with normalizing annealing than those without normalizing annealing, either under the cold rolled reduction of 77% or 86%. Effects of normalizing annealing on the recrystallization texture can be explained in terms of the characteristic of the shear bands formed during cold rolling process.
A Role Theory of Artistic Interest

(1963). A Role Theory of Artistic Interest. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 31-37.
Statistical analysis of patent data relating to the organic Rankine cycle

Abstract This study analyzed patent data to explore the technological developments based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which is one of the most economical and efficient methods for converting low-grade thermal energy into electricity. The patent data were obtained from the Thomson Innovation commercial database, which contains patent information from various countries and offices. After querying, filtering, and organizing the results into patent families in accordance with International Patent Documentation Center guidelines, this study analyzed data on 304 ORC-related patents. The results show that the number of patent applications increased gradually before 2006, and then rapidly from 2009 to 2011, primarily because of contributions from patent applications in China (CN) and the Republic of Korea (KR). The present findings indicate that 2009 is an important year regarding developments in ORC systems and the number of patent applications. Furthermore, the assignees from the United States (US) were the most prominent contributors. However, the most patent applications were filed in CN, indicating that the market for ORC systems in CN might offer the most potential for future development. This study also examined the top ten patent assignees, as well as the trends of the number of patent applications, size of patent families, and frequency of patent citations. The results show that all of the top ten assignees were from the US, CN, and KR. Moreover, most of them filed their patent applications in recent years, particularly after 2008. The results further indicate that the most active assignee is currently General Electric Company (US). In addition, the top five patent families and the five most frequently cited patents are briefly reviewed and discussed. The patent data analysis results indicate that the technology life cycle status of the ORC is currently in the growth stage.
CQC and SRSS methods for non-classically damped structures

Two mode combination methods are presented for structures with non-classical (non-proportional) damping. They are of the same level of complexity as the well-known SRSS and CQC methods. They require only a single, real-valued participation factor for each mode, a single correlation coefficient, and standard relative displacement response spectra. A base-isolation study shows that the standard SRSS and CQC methods for classically damped structures give under-conservative response predictions, and that the proposed methods give accurate predictions.
Research framework, strategies, and applications of intelligent agent technologies (IATs) in marketing

In this digital era, marketing theory and practice are being transformed by increasing complexity due to information availability, higher reach and interactions, and faster speeds of transactions. These have led to the adoption of intelligent agent technologies (IATs) by many companies. As IATs are relatively new and technologically complex, several definitions are evolving, and the theory in this area is not yet fully developed. There is a need to provide structure and guidance to marketers to further this emerging stream of research. As a first step, this paper proposes a marketing-centric definition and a systematic taxonomy and framework. The authors, using a grounded theory approach, conduct an extensive literature review and a qualitative study in which interviews with managers from 50 companies in 22 industries reveal the importance of understanding IAT applications and adopting them. Further, the authors propose an integrated conceptual framework with several propositions regarding IAT adoption. This research identifies the gaps in the literature and the need for adoption of IATs in the future of marketing given changing consumer behavior and product and industry characteristics.
A second look at conflicting conceptions of curriculum

(1986). A second look at conflicting conceptions of curriculum. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 25, Beyond the Measured Curriculum, pp. 24-30.
Image formation model for photon sieves

A photon sieve, modification of a Fresnel zone plate, has been recently proposed to achieve higher resolution imaging and spectroscopy at UV and x-ray wavelengths. In this paper, we present Fresnel imaging formulas that relate the output of a photon sieve imaging system to its input, originating from either a coherent or incoherent extended source. By using a well-known model for the zone plate, we also provide approximations to these imaging formulas, which are more efficient to compute. These imaging relations for both photon sieve and the approximate model are crucial for effectively analyzing and solving the inverse problems that arise from the new imaging modalities enabled by photon sieves. We illustrate this by formulating the forward model of the image formation process for an application in polychromatic imaging.
Synthesis of Novel Group 4 Complexes Bearing the Tropidinyl Ligand: Investigations of Dynamic Behavior, Reactivity, and Catalytic Olefin Polymerization

A new class of group 4 complexes bearing the tropidinyl (Trop) ligand were synthesized. This novel anionic ligand, easily derived from the natural product tropine, is regarded as an analogue of the well-studied Cp ligand (Cp = cyclopentadienyl) and features a bicyclic ring system in which an allyl function donates 4π electrons and an amine function donates 2σ electrons to the metal center. The synthesis of the group 4 complexes involved transmetalation of a stannylated allyl functionality with a group 4 metal halide with concomitant elimination of Me3SnCl. Reaction of endo-stannylated tropidine (1) and ZrCl4, CpZrCl3, or CpTiCl3 afforded the complexes (Trop)2ZrCl2 (2), (Cp)(Trop)ZrCl2 (3), and (Cp)(Trop)TiCl2 (4), respectively. These dihalide complexes were alkylated using methyllithium to generate (Trop)2ZrMe2 (5), (Cp)(Trop)ZrMe2 (6), (Cp)(Trop)TiMe2 (7), or benzylmagnesium chloride to give (Trop)2ZrBn2 (8) and (Cp)(Trop)ZrBn2 (9). Complexes 2, 3, 5, and 8 were characterized by X-ray crystallography. Co...
Transition strengths in the visible–infrared absorption spectrum of I2

The contributions of the 1Πu←X, B←X, and A←X transitions to the absorption coefficient of I2 in the 4200–8000 A region are reassessed in light of recent results concerning the 1Πu and A potentials and their diffuse absorption spectra. Earlier estimates of the continuum underlying the B←X discrete spectrum are augmented by additional high‐resolution ’’between‐the‐lines’’ absorption measurements, corrected for residual B–X absorption using the very reliable spectroscopic constants now available for this system. The 1Πu–X and A–X systems are now estimated to be about 10% weaker than in the previous analysis [J. Tellinghuisen J. Chem. Phys. 58, 2821 (1973)]. For the region 2.6–2.8 A sampled in absorption, the estimates of the B–X transition strength ‖μe‖2 remain close to the previous values.
Block-supported cataclastic flow within the upper crust

Abstract Recent work from portions of the Sevier fold-thrust belt that have deformed primarily within the elastico-frictional regime, demonstrates that cataclastic flow can be subdivided into two types: matrix- and block supported. The two types may operate simultaneously within the same deforming material. However, their activity can vary spatially, temporally and across scales. Although block-supported cataclastic flow is a critical process in upper crustal deformation, it continues to be largely ignored and/or misunderstood, primarily because established concepts and definitions for cataclastic flow are chiefly based on matrix-supported cataclastic flow. Here, block-supported cataclastic flow is examined to better understand cataclastic flow in general and to explore its relationship with matrix-supported cataclastic flow.
Story grammars revisited

Abstract Story grammarians have generally supposed that stories and sentences are similar sorts of objects, and that therefore, stories can be analyzed by grammars in a fashion analogous to that often done for sentences. However, stories and sentences can be shown to be members of thoroughly different categories that share few properties with one another. In particular, sentences are linguistic objects, whereas stories are demonstrably extra-linguistic in nature. The import of this distinction is that applying grammars to stories bears no analogy to applying grammars to sentences; moreover, the alleged benefits of such application, such as a derived constituent structure, can be shown to be illusory. In contrast to a grammatical approach, a theory of stories based on characterizing the possible contents of stories is likely to be more productive.
ARE THERE CUMULATIVE EFFECTS IN RED MANGROVES FROM OIL SPILLS DURING SEEDLING AND SAPLING STAGES

Studies of the effects of oil on coastal species seldom address multiple oilings, even though contamination of systems by more than one spill event is not uncommon. We report the results of two experiments in which first red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) seedling propagules were oiled with No. 6 fuel oil, and 34 mo later the surviving saplings were randomly assigned to new treatments and reoiled with south Louisiana crude oil in a 2 × 2 factorial design (main effects: crude oil and prior history of oiling with No. 6 oil). In Experiment 1 (No. 6 oil), there were no significant effects on seedling growth or survival at 10 mo. At 32 mo, the low-oil group ( 50% of surface area covered), although there was a tendency toward reduced survival. In Experiment 2 (crude × No. 6 oil), sapling surviv...
Hydrologic Bench Marks to Distinguish the Effects of Climate vs. Mana

There is a vital need for hydrologic data representing various environments that are free from the effects of man's activities. Without such data hydrologists will be stymied in distinguishing hydrologic changes caused by man from those caused by climate. To provide this background information, the U. S. Geological Survey is planning a nationwide hydrologic bench-mark program in which runoff, transport of sediment, precipitation, changes in vegetation, fluctuations in ground water, and other hydrologic events will be studied in locales unaffected by the works of man. The knowledge gained in operating these bench marks will be invaluable in statistical appraisals of hydrologic data wherein a part of the record is affected by man's activities.
NA008 Deposition temperature dependence of YBCO transport properties

In this paper, we report a strong correlation between the stacking fault (SF) density and the critical current density of YBa2Cu3O7?? (YBCO) thin films in applied field (Jcin-field). We found that the Jcin-field increases as the deposition temperature increases (775°C ? 825°C) for the samples grown on both SrTiO3 (STO) and LaAlO3 substrates. An interesting linear relation is observed between the SF density and the Jcin-field value, which suggests that the YBCO SF density plays an important role in the YBCO in-field transport performance.
Numerosity discrimination: both time and number matter

Pigeons were trained on a psychophysical choice task to discriminate between 2 fixed ratios and tested with probe ratios intermediate to the training requirements. Absolute and relative ratio size were varied over conditions. In a final condition, subjects were transferred from the number-based discrimination to a time-based discrimination. The times taken to emit the ratios were recorded, and ratio value and ratio time were used to predict choice in a multiple regression analysis. Psychophysical analyses of the response number dimension suggested a scalar counting principle of numerosity discrimination, similar to that found with temporal dimensions. The multiple regression analysis indicated that both number and time contributed to the discrimination of ratio value. The results of the transfer test indicated individual differences in the degree to which responding was controlled by temporal versus numerical factors.
How Do Black Graduate Social Work Students Benefit from a Course on Institutional Racism

Abstract A course on American Racism might be thought to benefit mainly white students. This paper demonstrates how Black social work students in their own idiosyncratic way derive special benefit from such a course. Black students in search of a professional identity bring with them personal life experiences of oppression and social alienation. They make an important connection with the use of the immediate present as an effective means to counteract attitudinal/institutional white racism. Learning that the past cannot change, but that feelings about the past can, is liberating and has significance for their developing professional identity.
Onapristone Suppresses Prolactin Production in Explant Cultures of Leiomyoma

Objective: To assess the action of onapristone, a type I antiprogestin, on prolactin (PRL) production by explant cultures of leiomyoma and myometrium. Design: Exp
Spin Determinations with α —Heavy-Ion Angular Correlations

A new reaction-mechanism-independent method is proposed for determining spins of nuclear levels from angular correlations between $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particles and heavy ions. This is an alternative approach to the well-known Method II of Litherland and Ferguson, permitting geometry other than 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} or 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for the detection of the reaction particle.
Changes in the Reducing Substances in the Liver and Muscle in Experimental Streptococcus Septicaemia

ConclusionsThe concentrations of total reducing substance, nonfermentable substance, and true glucose have been determined in the livers and muscles of rabbits in the terminal stages of acute streptococcus septicaemia. These concentrations are found to be significantly lower than those in normal rabbits.
Small molecule matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using a polymer matrix

We have employed a light-absorbing electrically conductive polymer as a matrix to determine the molecular mass of small organic molecules using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. This method, which is in contrast to the usual MALDI strategy for matrix selection in which a small molecule matrix is used with a high molecular mass analyte, addresses the problem of matrix interference which limits the usefulness of MALDI-TOF for small molecule analysis. Use of negative ion mode offers advantages for this application. Using this approach, we have obtained clean molecular ion mass spectra of small organic molecules in the mass range 100-300 Da.
A position algorithm for a high energy neutron detector using proportional wire chambers

Abstract Five pairs of multiwire proportional chambers with iron converters are used to produce and record showers of high energy neutrons. The wire spacing is 1 cm. An algorithm is constructed to predict the neutron impact point. A resolution of σ = 7 mm is achieved except for a small contamination of background. We achieve 61% total efficiency with 15.6% background. With additional cuts, we achieve 19% total efficiency with 4.5% background.
A SiC MOSFET based inverter for wireless power transfer applications

In a wireless power transfer (WPT) system, efficiency of the power conversion stages is crucial so that the WPT technology can compete with the conventional conductive charging systems. Since there are 5 or 6 power conversion stages, each stage needs to be as efficient as possible. SiC inverters are crucial in this case; they can handle high frequency operation and they can operate at relatively higher temperatures resulting in reduces cost and size for the cooling components. This study presents the detailed power module design, development, and fabrication of a SiC inverter. The proposed inverter has been tested at three center frequencies that are considered for the WPT standardization. Performance of the inverter at the same target power transfer level is analyzed along with the other system components. In addition, another SiC inverter has been built in authors' laboratory by using the ORNL designed and developed SiC modules. It is shown that the inverter with ORNL packaged SiC modules performs better than the inverter having commercially available SiC modules.
Equivalent outcomes with primary and retransplantation in African-American deceased-donor renal allograft recipients

Background Graft survival following renal retransplantation has been inferior to that following primary allografting, particularly in African Americans (AAs) receiving deceased-donor (DD) kidneys. Methods Among 166 AA DD renal allograft recipients transplanted from July 2001 through July 2007, we compared the outcomes of 26 (16%) receiving a second graft with those of 140 primary cases. All patients received either thymoglobulin (ATG) or an IL-2 receptor antagonist for induction, and were maintained on either tacrolimus or sirolimus + mycophenolate mofetil ± prednisone. Results When compared with primary transplants, regrafts received kidneys from older donors, were younger, more sensitized, more likely to receive ATG and to be maintained on prednisone, received more doses of ATG, and were less likely diabetic. There was no difference between primary and retransplant groups in overall patient or graft survival; incidence of acute rejection, CMV infection, BK nephropathy, or new-onset diabetes mellitus; and serum creatinine at 1 year. Conclusion AA renal allograft recipients can undergo a second DD transplant with intermediate-term outcomes comparable to that of a primary graft, despite the presence of multiple immunologic and non-immunologic high-risk factors, by extending the course of ATG induction and continuing prednisone therapy in the vast majority of cases.
Semiconductor surface reconstruction

Abstract A review of the current state of our understanding of some semiconductor surface reconstructions is given. These include the GaAs(110) surface and the (100) and (111) surfaces of Si and Ge. The strong correlation between atomic and electronic structure and the energies involved in structural rearrangements at the surface are discussed.
A Statewide Assessment of Smoke-Free Policy in Multiunit Housing Settings

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of smoke-free policies in multiunit housing (MUH) in South Dakota was examined. Owner beliefs about smoke-free policies were identified. METHODS Stratified random sampling included 27 South Dakota counties classified as frontier, large rural, or urban. Data collection with MUH owners in selected counties employed a telephone survey with mailed backup. RESULTS The owner response rate was 41.5% (324/780). A written smoke-free policy was reported by 175 (54.0%) owners, and 31 (10%) reported a verbal smoke-free policy. Owners in large rural counties (57.4%) had more written smoke-free policies than owners in urban (52.2%) and frontier (53.5%) counties. Only 8.5% of properties had policies covering both buildings and grounds. Owners without policies were more than twice as likely to manage U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development subsidized units and were three times as likely to be current smokers. Owners without a smoke-free policy anticipated that a policy would decrease maintenance costs but increase turnover and vacancy rates. Nearly one-half (47.9%) of owners with no smoke-free policy had previously considered implementing a policy. Owners self-reported beliefs about smoke-free policies identified perceived benefits such as decreased maintenance and costs, improved tenant safety and health, and conscientious tenants. Perceived drawbacks included increased outdoor maintenance, enforcement problems, concerns about long-term tenants who smoke, and freedom/rights of smokers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a baseline assessment of smoke-free polices in MUH settings. Perceptions of owners without smoke-free policies focused on economic concerns that were inconsistent with reports from those owners with smoke-free policies.
Developmental trends in the intentional and incidental learning components of a verbal discrimination task.

Abstract Two experiments investigated developmental trends in both the intentional and the incidental learning components of a verbal discrimination task. An inverse relationship between age and intentional verbal discrimination learning was found from the fourth to sixth grade levels in Experiment I and from the third to sixth grade levels in Experiment II, in agreement with Weber's law presumed by frequency theory to be operative in verbal discrimination learning. On the other hand, speed of intentional learning increased from the kindergarten to third grade level (Experiment II) and from the sixth to eighth (Experiment I) and ninth (Experiment II) grade levels. In both experiments there was a direct relationship between age and amount of incidental learning, and there was no evidence for the post-sixth-grade decrement in Type 2 incidental learning that has been reported in earlier studies.
Patient Optimism and Mastery : Do They Play a Role in Cancer Patients' Management of Pain and Fatigue?

In the present study, we investigated longitudinally (baseline, 10 weeks, 16 weeks) whether patient personality traits, such as dispositional optimism and mastery, play a role in patients' ability to effectively control the severity of their pain and fatigue in the context of a symptom control intervention among patients with cancer. Two hundred fourteen patients currently undergoing chemotherapy received a baseline interview followed by a 10-week, nurse-assisted symptom control intervention. At 10 weeks, patients received a second interview to assess the effectiveness of the intervention, with a final follow-up interview at 16 weeks. Random effects regression models were used to investigate the effects of mastery and optimism on the severity of pain and fatigue, adjusting for the effects of other important covariates, such as age, gender, cancer site, stage of disease, and comorbidity. Patients who were older, more optimistic, suffered from fewer comorbid conditions, or reported higher levels of mastery tended to report less severe pain, whereas higher levels of mastery and fewer comorbid conditions predicted lower fatigue severity scores. These findings underscore the need for physicians and nurses involved in the care of cancer patients to recognize, encourage, promote, and take advantage of these traits in their patients to help them more effectively manage their cancer care, so that they ultimately can achieve a better quality of life during the sequelae of the cancer experience.
SECRET LIVES OF CONTAINERS: EVIDENCE FROM TEXAS

In 2000, the Texas Department of Transportation contracted with the Center for Transportation Research (CTR) at the University of Texas, Austin, to analyze containerized freight movements in Texas. Although aggregate data are available on the container sector and global movements, including data on container manufacturing, steamship companies, container routes, vessel capacities, and costs and supply chains, little information is available on container movements in the United States. To shippers and those directly involved in the container sector, some data on container movements in the United States—including route choice—are available. However, for those involved in freight planning at the state level, such information remains somewhat of a mystery. To fill this void, the CTR research team sought the assistance of various transportation stakeholders involved in containerized freight movements in an effort to characterize and gain a better understanding of this important and growing component of the frei...
Evolutionary aspects of elemental hyperaccumulation

Hyperaccumulation is the uptake of one or more metal/metalloids to concentrations greater than 50-100× those of the surrounding vegetation or 100-10,000 mg/kg dry weight depending on the element. Hyperaccumulation has been documented in at least 515 taxa of angiosperms. By mapping the occurrence of hyperaccumulators onto the angiosperm phylogeny, we show hyperaccumulation has had multiple origins across the angiosperms. even within a given order, family or genus, there are typically multi- ple origins of hyperaccumulation, either for the same or different elements. we address which selective pressures may have led to the evolution of hyperaccumulation and whether there is evidence for co-evolution with ecological partners. Considerable evidence supports the elemental- defense hypothesis, which states that hyperaccumulated elements protect the plants from herbivores and pathogens. There is also evidence that hyperaccumulation can result in drought stress protection, allelopathic effects or physi- ological benefits. In many instances, ecological partners of hyperaccumulators have evolved resistance to the hyperac- cumulated element, indicating co-evolution. Studies on the molecular evolution of hyperaccumulation have pinpointed gene duplication as a common cause of increased metal transporter abundance. Hypertolerance to the hyperaccu- mulated element often relies upon chelating agents, such as organic acids (e.g., malate, citrate) or peptide/protein chelators that can facilitate transport and sequestration. we
Complex Dietary Protein Improves Growth Through a Complex Mechanism of Intestinal Peptide Absorption and Protein Digestion

Background: The small intestinal epithelium has an impressive ability to adapt to changes resulting from loss of length or alteration in dietary load. We sought to determine the potential influence of dietary protein absorption on growth and development. We hypothesized that a complex protein diet would improve growth over that of an elemental diet. Methods: Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a transparent worm with a rudimentary intestinal tube lined by enterocytes that function remarkably similar to humans, we measured daily growth, intestinal peptide, and amino acid transporter expression and intestinal proteolysis to compare the effects of a complex protein diet to a diet containing only amino acids. Results: Nematodes raised on a complex protein diet grew to adulthood faster than those raised solely on amino acids, which did not require an overall change in intestinal peptide or amino acid transporter expression. Despite no overall change in transporter expression, a shift in location of pept...
Animal ecology of a New Mexico springbrook

Lander Springbrook is 77 m long from source to mouth, and the width ranges from 0.8 to 4.0 m. Total residue was 4400 mg per liter (mostly calcium and magnesium sulphates and chlorides). Hydrogen ion concentration readings ranged between 7.0 and 7.3. At the source (Station I) of this rheocrene springbrook the current is swift, and the substrate consists of rubble. Near the mouth (Station III) the current is sluggish, and the substrate consists of sand and organic silt, which supports a growth of Typha and Cyperaceae. At mid-length (Station II) the current is moderate, the substrate consists mostly of rubble and sand, and there is only a sparse growth of rooted aquatics. The annual range of water temperatures for all three stations was 17.5 to 22.0°.
Hepatitis C After Liver Transplantation: Treatment and Impact on Patient and Graft Survival

About 5,500 liver transplants are performed annually in the United States. The most common indication for liver failure resulting in liver transplantation is chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV). The management issues are complex, including universal HCV recurrence following transplantation, proper immunosuppression management, and morbidity and mortality issues. Treatment options with antiviral therapies have been minimally effective and are fraught with various drug-related side effects. Various outcomes exist for liver transplantation recipients with HCV recurrence. The side effects are numerous, particularly neutropenia, anemia, and depression, but are similar to the complications seen in the nontransplant community. This report discusses the current treatment options for liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C.
International Migration and Educational Assortative Mating in Mexico and the United States

This paper examines the relationship between migration and marriage by describing how the distributions of marital statuses and assortative mating patterns vary by individual and community experiences of migration. In Mexico, migrants and those living in areas with high levels of out-migration are more likely to be in heterogamous unions. This is because migration increases the relative attractiveness of single return migrants while disproportionately reducing the number of marriageable men in local marriage markets. In the United States, the odds of homogamy are lower for migrants compared with nonmigrants; however, they do not vary depending on the volume of migration in communities. Migrants are more likely than nonmigrants to “marry up” educationally because the relatively small size of this group compels them to expand their pool of potential spouses to include nonmigrants, who tend to be better educated than they are. Among migrants, the odds of marrying outside of one’s education group increase the most among the least educated. In Mexican communities with high rates of out-migration, the odds of marrying outside of one’s education group are highest among those with the highest level of education. These findings suggest that migration disrupts preferences and opportunities for homogamy by changing social arrangements and normative climates.
Constitutional Jurisprudence and the Rule of Law: Revisiting the Courts in Yusin Korea (1972-1980)

Since Korea’s democratization in the late 1980s there has been powerful momentum to reexamine the past authoritarian rule. This article aims to contribute to the growing literature in the rule of law in authoritarian regimes by discussing the judiciary of Korea during the so-called Yusin era (1972–1980). The courts in the 1970s have been placed at the center of controversy in the wake of transitional justice, as a number of judicial decisions were reopened and original verdicts overturned. Most notable were the cases involving the so-called Emergency Decrees which served as a major instrument for the regime to suppress political opposition. In December 2010 and March 2013, the Supreme Court of Korea and the Constitutional Court of Korea each ruled that the Emergency Decrees were unconstitutional and that the courts in the 1970s were wrong in declining to exercise their judicial review power. The evolving jurisprudence through the authoritarian and subsequently democratic periods has significant implications for the rule of law in modern Korea. Constitutional jurisprudence in the post-democratization years in particular brings to the fore the thorny issue of negotiating between mounting democratic aspirations and the exigency of legal stability.
Normative Standards for Wildlife Viewing in Parks and Protected Areas

With increasing public interest in wildlife watching, there is a need to develop methods to better inform management of quality viewing opportunities. In this study, normative methods using indicators and standards of quality are applied at two diverse parks/protected areas: a popular national park in Alaska and a lesser known wildlife refuge in New Hampshire. Three potential indicators of quality are identified that can be used to help define and manage wildlife viewing opportunities, and a range of potential standards of quality are developed for these indicator variables. In general, normative standards of visitors to the two study areas were salient and moderately to highly crystallized. Furthermore, study findings indicate that visitors are currently experiencing high-quality wildlife viewing at both sites. Wildlife viewing indicators and standards developed at these diverse study locations may be applicable at a wide range of parks and protected areas.
Structure and Mechanics of the Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault Step-Over, San Francisco Bay, California

A dilatational step-over between the right-lateral Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults lies beneath San Pablo Bay in the San Francisco Bay area. A key seismic hazard issue is whether an earthquake on one of the faults could rupture through the step-over, enhancing its maximum possible magnitude. If ruptures are terminated at the step-over, then another important issue is how strain transfers through the step. We developed a combined seismic reflection and refraction cross section across south San Pablo Bay and found that the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults converge to within 4 km of one another near the surface, about 2 km closer than previously thought. Interpretation of potential field data from San Pablo Bay indicated a low likelihood of strike-slip transfer faults connecting the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults. Numerical simulations suggest that it is possible for a rupture to jump across a 4-km fault gap, although special stressing conditions are probably required (e.g., Harris and Day, 1993, 1999). Slip on the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults is building an extensional pull-apart basin that could contain hazardous normal faults. We investigated strain in the pull-apart using a finite-element model and calculated a � 0.02-MPa/yr differential stressing rate in the step-over on a least-principal-stress orientation nearly parallel to the strike-slip faults where they overlap. A 1- to 10- MPa stress-drop extensional earthquake is expected on normal faults oriented per- pendicular to the strike-slip faults every 50-500 years. The last such earthquake might have been the 1898 M 6.0-6.5 shock in San Pablo Bay that apparently pro- duced a small tsunami. Historical hydrographic surveys gathered before and after 1898 indicate abnormal subsidence of the bay floor within the step-over, possibly related to the earthquake. We used a hydrodynamic model to show that a dip-slip mechanism in north San Pablo Bay is the most likely 1898 rupture scenario to have caused the tsunami. While we find no strike-slip transfer fault between the Hayward and Rodgers Creek faults, a normal-fault link could enable through-going segmented rupture of both strike-slip faults and may pose an independent hazard of M � 6 earthquakes like the 1898 event.
A Retrospective Study of Phonetic Inventory Complexity in Acquisition of Spanish: Implications for Phonological Universals.

This study evaluates 39 different phonetic inventories of 16 Spanish-speaking children (ages 0;11 to 5;1) in terms of hierarchical complexity. Phonetic featural differences are considered in order to evaluate the proposed implicational hierarchy of Dinnsen et al.'s phonetic inventory typology for English. The children's phonetic inventories are examined independently and in relation to one another. Five hierarchical complexity levels are proposed, similar to those of English and other languages, although with some language-specific differences. These findings have implications for theoretical assumptions about the universality of phonetic inventory development, and for remediation of Spanish-speaking children with phonological impairments.
Effects of a tumor-promoting agent on chondrogenesis†

Chondroblasts exposed to the phorbol ester, PMA, rapidly lose their polygonal morphology, and rapidly cease to synthesize or accumulate the chondroblast-specific Type IV sulfated proteoglycan. This striking effect is reversible if the cells are kept in PMA for up to 72 hours. A longer exposure induces irreversible effects and results in a population of cells, the vast majority of which lack the phenotypic properties of terminal chondroblasts.
Decomposing the Cross Derivatives of a Multiattribute Utility Function into Risk Attitude and Value

The cross derivatives of a multiattribute utility function play an important role in the choice between multivariate lotteries and in multiattribute Taylor expansions of the utility function. This paper decomposes the cross derivatives into two components: the derivatives of a single-attribute utility function over value and the cross derivatives of the value function. This approach provides a simple method for reasoning about the signs of the cross derivatives of a multiattribute utility function using derivatives of a univariate utility function and the properties of the value function. To illustrate the approach, we relate the multivariate risk aversion concept, which involves the mixed partial derivative of the utility function, to the Arrow--Pratt risk aversion function. We show that for additive value functions, a decision maker is multivariate risk averse if and only if he is risk averse over value in the Arrow--Pratt sense. For other value functions, however, a decision maker can be risk averse or risk seeking over value and still exhibit multivariate risk aversion. The approach also derives the conditions on the value function that relate two important classes of utility functions: single attribute utility functions whose derivatives alternate in sign and multiattribute utility functions whose cross derivatives alternate in sign. These two classes are widely used in practice and form the basis of univariate and multivariate stochastic dominance. Several examples illustrate the approach.
A note on relativistic rocketry

Abstract In the context of special relativity, we discuss the specific impulse of a rocket whose exhaust jet consists of massive and/or massless particles. This work generalizes previous results and corrects some errors of a recently published paper by U. Walter. (The errors stem from the omission of a Lorentz factor.)
Recovering tensor data from incomplete measurement via compressive sampling

We present a method for recovering tensor data from few measurements. By the process of vectorizing a tensor, the compressed sensing techniques are readily applied. Our formulation leads to three l 1 minimizations for third order tensors. We demonstrate our algorithm on many random tensors with varying dimensions and sparsity.
A modal approach to hyper-redundant manipulator kinematics

This paper presents novel and efficient kinematic modeling techniques for "hyper-redundant" robots. This approach is based on a "backbone curve" that captures the robot's macroscopic geometric features. The inverse kinematic, or "hyper-redundancy resolution," problem reduces to determining the time varying backbone curve behavior. To efficiently solve the inverse kinematics problem, the authors introduce a "modal" approach, in which a set of intrinsic backbone curve shape functions are restricted to a modal form. The singularities of the modal approach, modal non-degeneracy conditions, and modal switching are considered. For discretely segmented morphologies, the authors introduce "fitting" algorithms that determine the actuator displacements that cause the discrete manipulator to adhere to the backbone curve. These techniques are demonstrated with planar and spatial mechanism examples. They have also been implemented on a 30 degree-of-freedom robot prototype. >
Synthesis of New Bimetallic Transition Metal Oxynitrides V-Me-O-N (Me = Mo and W) by Temperature-Programmed Reaction

Abstract Transition metal carbides and nitrides have attracted attention as possible replacements for platinum group catalysts. Most of the work has been carried out with single-metal compounds. We report here the preparation of two new bimetallic compounds, V-Mo and V-W oxynitrides, obtained by nitriding oxide precursors with ammonia gas via a temperature-programmed reaction. The bimetallic oxide precursors are prepared by conventional solid state reaction using commercial V, Mo, and W oxides. The oxynitrides thus obtained adopt a face-centered cubic crystal structure. They have high specific surface areas (74 and 62 m2 g-1), and their pyrophoricity suggests high surface activity.