cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effective boundary conditions for buoyancy-driven flows and heat transfer in fully open-ended two-dimensional enclosures

The present work achieves an accurate representation of the effective boundary conditions at the aperture plane of a two-dimensional open-ended structure for wide range of pertinent parameters. The presented effective boundary conditions are correlated in terms of Rayleigh number, Prandtl number, and the aspect ratio of the open-ended geometry. The numerical procedure used in this work is based on the Galerkin weighted residual method of finite-element formulation. Comprehensive comparisons between the present investigation using the effective boundary conditions for the anticipated closed-ended model and the results for the fully extended computational domain confirm successful implementation of the proposed model. Implementation of this representation reduces the main difficulties associated with specifying the open-ended boundary conditions and results in very substantial savings in CPU and memory usage. The present work plays an important role on modeling a basic and generic set of effective boundary conditions at the aperture plane for several applications of practical interest. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Drivers of Price and Nonprice Water Conservation by Urban and Rural Water Utilities: An Application of Predictive Models to Four Southern States

This study examines water system characteristics, managers' attitudes and perceptions toward water conservation, and future planning strategies that influence the adoption of water conservation programs for urban and rural communities. We surveyed water system managers in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Florida; and we parameterized predictive adoption models for price-based (PC) and nonprice-based (NPC) conservation programs. Notably, results suggest that information about the price elasticity of water demand for a community does encourage PC and NPC adoption; and we found no evidence that PC and NPC adoption is jointly considered by water systems.
Implications of deformation following the 2002 Denali, Alaska, earthquake for postseismic relaxation processes and lithospheric rheology

[1] During the first 2 years following the 2002 Mw = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, strike-slip earthquake, a large array of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers recorded rapid postseismic surface motions extending at least 300 km from the rupture and at rates of more than 100 mm/yr in the near field. Here we use three-dimensional (3-D) viscoelastic finite element models to infer the mechanisms responsible for these postseismic observations. We consider afterslip both from an inversion of GPS displacements and from stress-driven forward models, poroelastic rebound, and viscoelastic flow in the lower crust and upper mantle. Several conclusions can be drawn: (1) No single mechanism can explain the postseismic observations. (2) Significant postseismic flow below a depth of 60 km is required to explain observed far-field motions, best explained by a weak upper mantle with a depth-dependent effective viscosity that ranges from >1019 Pa s at the Moho (50 km depth) to 3–4 × 1018 Pa s at 100 km depth. (3) Shallow afterslip within the upper crust occurs adjacent to and beneath the regions of largest coseismic slip. (4) There is a contribution from deformation in the middle and lower crust from either lower crustal flow or stress-driven slip. Afterslip is preferred over broad viscoelastic flow owing to the existence of seismic velocity discontinuities across the fault at depth, though our modeling does not favor either mechanism. If the process is viscoelastic relaxation, the viscosity is a factor of 3 greater than the inferred mantle viscosity. (5) Poroelastic rebound probably contributed to the observed postseismic deformation in the immediate vicinity of the Denali/Totschunda junction. These conclusions lead us to infer an Alaskan mechanical lithosphere that is about 60 km thick, overlying a weak asthenosphere, and a Denali fault that cuts through the entire lithosphere with shear accommodated by faulting in the top ∼20 km and time-dependent aseismic shear below.
THE POWER OF RETROSPECTIVE MISCUE ANALYSIS: ONE PRESERVICE TEACHER'S JOURNEY AS SHE RECONSIDERS THE READING PROCESS

Research has shown that teachers are strongly influenced in their pedagogical decisions by their own prior educational experiences. This article describes a case study that used Retrospective Miscue Analysis as a research tool to assist one preservice teacher, Sophie, as she reconstructed her perception of the reading process. Sophie came to the research with a strong belief in a text reproduction model of reading. Listening to audio recordings of self-produced miscues became the basis for discussions that centered on the sociopsycholinguistic transactive nature of the reading process. Over the course of the research the preservice teacher examined her assumptions about reading, became acutely aware of and revalued her reading strategies, and came to the realization that efficient effective reading does not result when readers focus on accurate text reproduction reading.
Design of high-current L-valley GaAs=AlAs 0.56 Sb 0.44 /InP (111) ultra-thin-body nMOSFETs

We propose and analyze a high-current III–V transistor design using electron transport in the Γ- and L-valleys of (111) GaAs. Using sp[su3}d5s* empirical tight-binding model for band-structure calculations and the top-of-the-barrier transport model, improved drive current is demonstrated using L-valley transport in a strained GaAs channel grown on an (111) InP substrate. At a body thickness of 2 nm the (111)GaAs/InP MOSFET design outperforms both (100) Si and (100) GaAs/InP for all EOTs larger than 0.3nm.
In Vitro Fertilization in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is as Successful as in Women From the General Infertility Population.

Background & Aims Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects women of reproductive age, so there are concerns about its effects on fertility. We investigated the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in patients with IBD compared with the general (non-IBD) IVF population. Methods We conducted a matched retrospective cohort study of female patients with IBD who underwent IVF from 1998 through 2011 at 2 tertiary care centers. Patients were matched 4:1 to those without IBD (controls). The primary outcome was the cumulative rate of live births after up to 6 cycles of IVF. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients who became pregnant and the rate of live births for each cycle. Results Forty-nine patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 71 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 1 patient with IBD-unclassified, and 470 controls underwent IVF during the study period. The cumulative rate of live births was 53% for controls, 69% for patients with UC ( P = .08 compared with controls), and 57% for patients with CD ( P = .87 compared with controls). The incidence of pregnancy after the first cycle of IVF was similar among controls (40.9%), patients with UC (49.3%; P = .18), and patients with CD (42.9%; P = .79). Similarly, the incidence of live births after the first cycle of IVF was similar among controls (30.2%), patients with UC (33.8%; P = .54), and patients with CD (30.6%; P = .95). Conclusions Based on a matched cohort study, infertile women with IBD achieve a rate of live births after IVF that is comparable with those of infertile women without IBD.
Organizational Learning Contracts and Management Education

We present a new concept called an organizational learning contract. A learning contract creates specific, shared expectations among students, faculty, and educational administrators concerning the...
Electronic tuning of Mo2(thioamidate)4 complexes through π-system substituents and cis/trans isomerism

We report an exploration of the coordination chemistry of a systematic series of cyclic thioamidate ligands with the quadruply-bonded Mo24+ core. In addition to the S and N donor atoms that bind to Mo, the ligands utilized in this study have an additional O or S atom in conjugation with the thioamidate π system. The preparation of four new Mo2 complexes is described, and these compounds are characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and DFT calculations. These complexes provide a means to interrogate the electronics of Mo2(thioamidate)4 systems. Notably, we describe the first two examples of Mo2(thioamidate)4 complexes in their cis-2,2-regioisomer. By varying the π-system substituent and regioisomerism of these compounds, the electronics of the dimolybdenum core is shown to be altered with varying degrees of effect. Cyclic voltammetry results show that changing the π-system substituent from O to S results in an increase in the Mo24+/5+ oxidation potential by 170 mV. Changing the arrangement of ligands around the dimolybdenum core from trans-2,2 to cis-2,2 slightly weakens the metal–ligand bonds, raising the oxidation potential by a more modest 30–100 mV. MO diagrams of each compound derived from DFT calculations support these conclusions as well; the identity of the π-system substituent alters the δ–δ* (HOMO–LUMO) gap by up to 0.4 eV, whereas regioisomerism yields smaller changes in the electronic structure.
A Theory for Neural Networks with Time Delays

We present a new neural network model for processing of temporal patterns. This model, the gamma neural model, is as general as a convolution delay model with arbitrary weight kernels w(t). We show that the gamma model can be formulated as a (partially prewired) additive model. A temporal hebbian learning rule is derived and we establish links to related existing models for temporal processing.
The Patient Burden of Bladder Outlet Obstruction after Prostate Cancer Treatment

Purpose: Bladder outlet obstruction after prostate cancer therapy imposes a significant burden on health and quality of life in men. Our objective was to describe the burden of bladder outlet obstruction after prostate cancer therapy by detailing the type of procedures performed and how often those procedures were repeated in men with recurrent bladder outlet obstruction.Materials and Methods: Using SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results)-Medicare linked data from 1992 to 2007 with followup through 2009 we identified 12,676 men who underwent at least 1 bladder outlet obstruction procedure after prostate cancer therapy, including external beam radiotherapy in 3,994, brachytherapy in 1,485, brachytherapy plus external beam radiotherapy in 1,847, radical prostatectomy in 4,736, radical prostatectomy plus external beam radiotherapy in 369 and cryotherapy in 245. Histogram, incidence rates and Cox proportional hazards models with repeat events analysis were done to describe the burden of repeat bladd...
A Framework to Support the Fusion of Operation and Planning

Abstract The management of the nation’s power system has progressed to the point where the boundary lines between operations and planning are becoming blurred. The dynamic behavior of smart grid technologies brings pressures of incorporating the predictive capability from planning to enhance operations. These needs are requiring a smoother, better integrated interplay between the functional roles of planning and operations. This paper presents a framework to support the fusion of operation and planning. A case study of predicting the intra-hour deficiency in generation capability and ramping capacity and presenting the outputs to operators was conducted. The study shows the benefits of the fusion and the effectiveness of the framework. All the function blocks used in the study were built upon GridOPTICS Software System (GOSS), a software system middleware platform that facilitates deployment of new applications for the future power grid. The framework has been used in an operator training class and its usability and effectiveness have been validated.
A randomized trial of Foley balloon induction of labor trial in nulliparas (FIAT-N).

Background With an increasing rate of induction of labor, it is important to choose induction methods that are safe and efficient in achieving a vaginal delivery. The optimal method for inducing nulliparous women with an unfavorable cervix is not known. Objective We sought to determine if induction of labor with simultaneous use of oxytocin and Foley balloon vs sequential use of Foley balloon followed by oxytocin decreases the time to delivery in nulliparous women. Study Design We conducted a randomized controlled trial of nulliparous women presenting for induction at a single institution from December 2013 through March 2015. After decision for induction was made by their primary provider, women with gestational age ≥24 weeks with a nonanomalous, singleton fetus in vertex presentation with intact membranes were offered participation. Exclusion criteria included history of uterine surgery, unexplained vaginal bleeding, latex allergy, or contraindication to vaginal delivery. Participants were randomized to either simultaneous (oxytocin and Foley balloon) or sequential (oxytocin after expulsion of Foley balloon) induction group. The primary outcome was time from induction to delivery. Secondary outcomes included mode of delivery, estimated blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, and composite neonatal outcome. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were collected via chart review. Analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. Results A total of 166 patients were enrolled; 82 in the simultaneous and 84 in the sequential group. There were no differences in baseline characteristics in the 2 groups. Patients who received simultaneous oxytocin with insertion of a Foley balloon delivered significantly earlier (15.92 vs 18.87 hours, P = .004) than those in the sequential group. There was no difference in rate of cesarean delivery, estimated blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, or composite neonatal outcome. Conclusion Simultaneous use of oxytocin and Foley balloon for induction of labor results in a significantly shorter interval to delivery in nulliparas.
Large Vestibular Schwannomas Presenting during Pregnancy: Management Strategies

Objective Large vestibular schwannomas rarely present in pregnant women. Diagnosis and management of these tumors during pregnancy present a therapeutic challenge. Methods A 20-year-old primigravida woman at 26 weeks' gestation was transferred to our facility with gait imbalance, left facial weakness, left ear hearing loss, and recent nausea and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large left cerebellopontine angle mass with extension into the left internal auditory canal and compression of the fourth ventricle resulting in mild hydrocephalus. The patient was admitted with a plan for early delivery at 32 weeks followed by tumor resection. One week later, the patient's headache and neurologic symptoms worsened due to increased hydrocephalus; a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. The next day, an emergent cesarean delivery was performed due to worsening respiratory status. Four days later, a tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube were placed due to dysphagia. Eight days after the delivery, the mass was resected with a left retrosigmoid approach without complications. Immunohistochemistry confirmed vestibular cellular schwannoma on cranial nerve VIII showing unusually high mitotic activity. Results The patient was discharged to inpatient rehabilitation on postoperative day 12 without new neurologic deficit. At 1 month, the patient was swallowing without aspiration. Her facial sensation had returned, her facial weakness remained stable, and her gait was significantly improved. Conclusion If the patient is neurologically stable, the best option is to delay resection until after delivery. If resection is necessary during pregnancy, the optimal time is during the second trimester.
Effect of cytochrome C therapy on resistance to decompression and drug depression.

SummaryCytochrome C did not alter the critical barometric pressure below which mice could not survive and was without effect on the depressant action of ethyl alcohol and of barbiturates.
Postcolonial Temporalities and the Violence of History

In The Philosophy of History, Hegel jettisons the entire continent of Africa from the study of world history, announcing, At this point we leave Africa, not to mention it again. For it is no historical part of the World; it has no movement or development to exhibit What we properly understand by Africa, is the Unhistorical, Undeveloped Spirit, still involved in the conditions of mere nature, which had to be presented here only as on the threshold of the Worlds History (157). The view of Africa as both unhistorical and undeveloped becomes an integral part of colonial discourse and its epistemic violence, whereby colonial expansion is not only the natural progression of (Western, Eurocentric) History, but also a mechanism by which the rest of the globe can be integrated into this History. At the center of colonial discourse is a will to remove colonial others from the universal narrative of history, a temporal distancing that erases precolonial history and understands the colonial others present in terms of the Western subjects past. My paper examines African novels written within ten years of formal political independence, which in my view is a time period ripe for scholarly reconsideration because of the negotiation of time and history occurring in postcolonial narratives to address and redress the violence of colonial discourse of erasing a precolonial past. As case studies, I read Armahs Fragments, Sembenes Gods Bits of Wood, and Ngugis A Grain of Wheat for their construction of what I call a temporality of waiting. Waiting, as theorized by postcolonial African novels, may be figured in postcolonial narratives as an oppressive distortion or forced deferral of historicity or justice, or a strategic suspension of linear time. Revisiting the definitions associated with the verb to wait in the Oxford English Dictionary reveals both active and passive overtones. To wait can entail delay, deferral, and submissiveness, from which we get the sense of waiting as waiting upon others as a servant or to continue in expectation of or even to remain for a time without something expected or promised. But older meanings of waiting suggest strategy and scheming, as in the sense to lie in wait for, to keep hostile watch and to take precautions. Waiting may risk repeating the violence of colonial discourse by encouraging formerly colonized peoples to stay in what Dipesh Chakrabarty calls the waiting room of history, but in my paper I argue that waiting can also be a strategic, active space for maintaining a dynamic relationship between the past, present, and future. These post-Independence novels, I argue, utilize waiting as an ambivalent temporality that is central to the formulation of postcolonial temporality, history, and political critique.
Mobile De-Duplication

In this chapter, we show our ongoing and future work, which represents an enhancement of client-based deduplication for popular files in mobile devices, where each file is deduplicated based on the file’s structure considering a low-capacity mobile device. We also consider file security and observed performance of encryption algorithms based on systems with different CPU types, such as an Android mobile device (ARM-CPU) and a desktop Linux server (Intel-CPU).
Understanding the Atomic-Level Chemistry and Structure of Oxide Deposits on Fuel Rods in Light Water Nuclear Reactors Using First Principles Methods

The results of recent studies are discussed in which first principles calculations at the atomic level have been used to expand the thermodynamic database for science-based predictive modeling of the chemistry, composition and structure of unwanted oxides that deposit on the fuel rods in pressurized light water nuclear reactors. Issues discussed include the origin of the particles that make up deposits, the structure and properties of the deposits, and the forms by which boron uptake into the deposits can occur. These first principles approaches have implications for other research areas, such as hydrothermal synthesis and the stability and corrosion resistance of other materials under other extreme conditions.
EcoWellness & Guiding Principles for the Ethical Integration of Nature into Counseling

Connection with nature impacts human wellness, yet few resources currently exist in the international literature to help guide clinicians in the ethical integration of EcoWellness into therapeutic processes. Ethical principles for EcoWellness practice are introduced and linked to applicable portions of the American Counseling Association’s (2014) Code of Ethics. The author presents a case example to demonstrate the application of these principles in a clinical setting and implications for counselor education and research are discussed.
Chapter 19 A Cognitive-Developmental Approach to Studying Attention Deficits

The interest in identifying the attentional deficit in the childhood “hyperactivity” syndrome, currently known as ADHD, has led to expanded research activity. As a result, there is increasing reservation that an “attention deficit” is at the core of the disorder. Also, there is concern that available diagnostic tools are imprecise and that data describing normative development are unavailable. A cognitive-developmental research model is advocated as a way to solve methodological problems and bridge differences in clinical and cognitive approaches. In a beginning longitudinal study, 40 normal children, ages 6 and 10, were divided into high- and low-impulsivity groups based on Kendall's Self-Control Rating Scale. When performance was compared on a variety of clinical and cognitive measures, significant differences in reaction times and errors were observed as a result of differences in age and impulsivity. High- and low-impulsive children did not differ significantly in patterns of cost and benefits attributable to spatial cuing. Instead, they exhibited differences in the speed with which they achieved maximal alerting, a potential clue to the nature of the attention deficit. The results are interpreted as evidence that the cognitive-developmental research model has applicability to the study of attention deficits.
Enhanced random lasing from distributed Bragg reflector assisted Au-ZnO nanowire Schottky diode

An electrically pumped ultraviolet random laser based on an Au-ZnO nanowire Schottky junction on top of a SiO2/SiNx distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) has been fabricated. Electrical characterization shows typical Schottky diode current-voltage characteristics. Evident random lasing behavior is observed from electroluminescence measurement at room temperature. In comparison with a reference device having similar nanowire morphology but no DBR, this laser demonstrates almost 1.8 times reduction in threshold current and 4 times enhancement in output power. The performance enhancement originates from the incorporation of the DBR structure, which provides high reflectivity in the designed wavelength range.
Understanding the Roles of Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Neurobiology of Nicotine Use

Abstract Cigarette smoking remains an important risk factor in the development of several chronic diseases, with the health and economic burdens of tobacco-related deaths greatest in high-income countries. Therefore, reduction of cigarette smoking remains a critical public health concern. However, most individuals who attempt to quit smoking will relapse. It is difficult to reduce the prevalence of smoking in the population because most adult smokers are dependent on nicotine, the addictive substance in cigarettes. Understanding the neurobiological processes underlying smoking behaviors is thus important for the success of population-level and individualized approaches to reducing the burden of smoking-related illnesses. This chapter investigates the etiology of nicotine use by describing the genetic and environmental influences on the neurocircuitry of nicotine dependence (ND). Research findings are summarized from key association studies that ask pertinent questions: Is there a link between cigarette smoking and brain structure? The chapter also explores the genetic epidemiology literature to summarize the specific role of genetic and environmental factors—both shared and unique—in the development of brain structure and ND. By conveying the complexity underlying the neurocircuitry of ND, we provide a broad understanding of current knowledge in the field, for application in future research, treatment, and prevention efforts.
Direct Quantification of Solute Diffusivity in Agarose and Articular Cartilage Using Correlation Spectroscopy

Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue; diffusive transport is critical for its homeostasis. While numerous techniques have been used to quantify diffusivity within porous, hydrated tissues and tissue engineered constructs, these techniques have suffered from issues regarding invasiveness and spatial resolution. In the present study, we implemented and compared two separate correlation spectroscopy techniques, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS), for the direct, and minimally-invasive quantification of fluorescent solute diffusion in agarose and articular cartilage. Specifically, we quantified the diffusional properties of fluorescein and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated dextrans (3k and 10k) in aqueous solutions, agarose gels of varying concentration (i.e. 1, 3, 5%), and in different zones of juvenile bovine articular cartilage explants (i.e. superficial, middle, and deep). In agarose, properties of solute diffusion obtained via FCS and RICS were inversely related to molecule size, gel concentration, and applied strain. In cartilage, the diffusional properties of solutes were similarly dependent upon solute size, cartilage zone, and compressive strain; findings that agree with work utilizing other quantification techniques. In conclusion, this study established the utility of FCS and RICS as simple and minimally invasive techniques for quantifying microscale solute diffusivity within agarose constructs and articular cartilage explants.
Host gene-microbiome interactions: molecular mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease.

Recent studies have identified links between host genetic variants and microbial recognition of the microbiome. Defects in host–microbiome interactions in individuals harboring inflammatory bowel disease risk alleles may result in imbalances of the microbial community, impaired pathogen clearance, and failure to sense beneficial commensal microbes. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining bi-directional communication at the mucosal interface during intestinal homeostasis.
DD4: Beigebrachte Hilflosigkeit (Mai 2005)

Wenn man Menschen barbarisch brutal hilflos macht, dann werden sie nie mehr richtig selbststandig oder frei! Sie haben den Habitus der Hilflosigkeit erlernt. In diesem Zustand wirken Menschen wie Depressive. Sie werden nun angeherrscht, nicht so traurig und apathisch herumzuhangen. Wer aber hat es ihnen denn beigebracht?
Incorporation of Professionalism Expectations and Evaluative Processes Within a College of Pharmacy

Objective. To determine professionalism factors of interest to the University of South Florida (USF) College of Pharmacy (COP) and develop a programmatic plan to monitor the professionalization of students, faculty, preceptors and staff. Methods. In 2013, the USF COP began investigating how best to incorporate processes to capture professionalism across all aspects of the program. A Professionalism Task Force was convened to identify key professionalism factors valued by faculty and preceptors to be incorporated in pharmacy practice experiences, didactic courses, faculty, and preceptor performance evaluations. A factor analysis was performed to identify items for inclusion in professional practice experience evaluations, course syllabi, faculty, preceptor and staff evaluations. Results. The analysis identified 11 factors for practice experiences, three for syllabi, and five for performance evaluations. The information from the factor analysis spurred additional discussion that led to the development of a programmatic plan for professionalization. Conclusion. A brief description of the programmatic professionalization plan is provided, including possible assessment processes. The goal of this endeavor was to ensure appropriate support and development of professionalization across the COP community.
Comprehensive Phase Diagrams of MoS2 Edge Sites Using Dispersion-Corrected DFT Free Energy Calculations

A comprehensive set of surface phase diagrams addressing the catalytically relevant edges of the (100) surface of MoS2 catalysts is developed using dispersion-corrected density functional theory and ab initio thermodynamic modeling. The results of the temperature-dependent, free energy-based thermodynamic model are presented over the full range of catalytically relevant temperatures and pressures, in addition to S- and H-coverages ranging from 0 to 100%. The results of this work allow for a full thermodynamic analysis to be performed at the conditions relevant to any promising reaction involving MoS2, ranging from hydrodesulfurization to dehydrogenation to electrocatalysis. Several methodological recommendations are discussed and implemented with the goal of improving the accuracy of the surface phase diagrams at minimal computational expense. A library of the most stable S- and H-adsorption modes is also developed so that linear scaling relationships can be used to correlate thermodynamic stability with ...
Uniform estimates for primitive divisors in elliptic divisibility sequences

Let P be a nontorsion rational point on an elliptic curve E, given by a minimal Weierstrass equation, and write the first coordinate of nP as A n ∕ D n 2, a fraction in lowest terms. The sequence of values D n is the elliptic divisibility sequence (EDS) associated to P. A prime p is a primitive divisor of D n if p divides D n , and p does not divide any earlier term in the sequence. The Zsigmondy set for P is the set of n such that D n has no primitive divisors. It is known that Z is finite. In the first part of the paper we prove various uniform bounds for the size of the Zsigmondy set, including (1) if the j-invariant of E is integral, then the size of the Zsigmondy set is bounded independently of E and P, and (2) if the abc Conjecture is true, then the size of the Zsigmondy set is bounded independently of E and P for all curves and points. In the second part of the paper, we derive upper bounds for the maximum element in the Zsigmondy set for points on twists of a fixed elliptic curve.
Granulomatous Esophagitis: A case of Crohn's disease limited to the esophagus

Abstract In this paper a case of esophageal Crohn's disease occurring in a 62-year-old man with dysphagia and an esophageal stricture is reported. The clinical impression was carcinoma, and at surgery a markedly thickened esophagus was found. All the gross and microscopic features of Crohn's disease, that is, sinus tracts, sarcoid-like granulomata, both in the esophageal wall and in the draining mediastinal nodes, fibrosis, obliterative vasculitis, muscular hypertrophy, and neuromatous proliferation, were identified in the resected specimen. Postoperatively, empyema and lung abscesses developed and the patient died. At autopsy, a few sarcoid-like granulomata were seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes. The remainder of the gastrointestinal tract showed no evidence of inflammatory or granulomatous disease. This patient demonstrated isolated upper gastrointestinal tract involvement by a lesion which fulfills all of the pathological criteria for the diagnosis of "regional esophagitis".
Data Management and Inference Strategies in a Human Gait Pathology Expert System

Congenital disorders such as cerebral palsy or injury to the spinal cord may produce a variety of pathological gait patterns in the victim. While there are at present no treatments for the injuries to the nervous system responsible for these gait deviations, corrective surgical procedures can sometimes be used. However, such treatments require the precise identification of the specific muscles causing the abnormal motions. Observational diagnosis of gait is extremely difficult due to the large number of symptoms and underlying causes. This paper describes the development of a gait analysis expert system, designed to assist orthopedic surgeons in the diagnosis of a wide variety of muscular causes of gait pathology. We present an overview of the nature of the data, the inferencing strategy developed to deal with the data in a modular fashion, and the use of model- based reasoning to handle cases not currently in the knowledge-base. A significant portion of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the nature of biomedical data, the difficulties of model synthesis in neuromuscular systems, and the advantages and limitations of knowledge-based diagnostic systems.
EXTENDED MAGNETIC POTENTIAL METHOD FOR QUASI-STATIC ELECTROMAGNETISM AND EDDY CURRENT PHENOMENA

In-service eddy current (EC) inspection of aircraft engine components is one of the most demanding NDE applications. Any defect in such high-performance components will have serious consequences, and hence reliable periodic inspections are required. Yet, it is known that significant improvements to the current implementation are desirable in various aspects. One of our recent modeling activities is directed toward developing a software simulator that is able to predict the performance of inspections and, hence, to examine any improvement ideas such as new probe designs on computers.
Routine versus difficult cholecystectomy: using predictive analytics to assess patient outcomes.

Abstract Background The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program® (NSQIP) Surgical Risk. Calculator (SRC) estimates postoperative outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a specific predictive outcomes model for cholecystectomy procedures. Methods Patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 2008 and 2016 and were deemed too high risk for acute care general surgery (GS) and had surgery performed by the Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery (HPB) were identified. Outcomes of the HPB cholecystectomies were matched against cholecystectomies performed by GS. New predictive models for postoperative outcomes were constructed. Area under the curve was used to assess predictive accuracy for both models and internal validation was performed using bootstrap logistic regression. Results A total of 169/934 (18%) cholecystectomies were identified as too high risk for GS. These 169 patients were matched with 126 patients who had cholecystectomy performed by GS. For GS and HPB cholecystectomies, the proposed model demonstrated better discriminative ability compared to the SRC based on ROC curves (proposed model: 0.589–0.982; SRC: 0.570–0.836) for each of the predicted outcomes. Conclusion For patients undergoing cholecystectomy, customized models are superior for predicting individual perioperative risk and allow more accurate, patient-specific delivery of care.
O PODER DAS IMAGENS E SÍMBOLOS - REPERCUSSÕES SÓCIO-HISTÓRICAS

O estudo de perspectiva hermeneutica e dialetica aborda o poder de persuasao de imagens e simbolos na producao da identidade social, tomando como base o uso da suastica pelo regime nazista de Hitler. A propaganda nazista simbolizada nas distorcoes da suastica e no poder do convencimento cumpre funcoes irracionais de manipulacao coletiva travestidas de racionalidade. No texto, apresentamos aspectos da historicidade do simbolo como necessario a compreensao do ser, da cultura e das inter-relacoes humanas no mundo da vida, para renovar as dimensoes pedagogicas, ontologicas e psicologicas. Por fim, problematizamos o poder engenhoso de persuasao dos mecanismos da cultura contemporânea com capacidade de provocar espanto e emocoes empaticas para o movimento de alienacao social e/ou humanizacao.
Neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation and BMI: A longitudinal analysis of the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background Current knowledge regarding the relationship between segregation and body weight is derived mainly from cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies are needed to provide stronger causal inference. Methods We use longitudinal data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and apply an econometric fixed-effect strategy, which accounts for all time-invariant confounders, and compare results to conventional cross-sectional analyses. We examine the relationship between neighborhood-level racial/ethnic segregation, neighborhood poverty, and body mass index (BMI) separately for blacks, Hispanics, and whites. Segregation*gender interactions are included in all models. Neighborhood segregation was operationalized by the local Gi* statistic, which assesses the extent to which a neighborhood's racial/ethnic composition is under (Gi* statistic 0) represented, given the composition in the broader (e.g., county) area. For black, Hispanic, and white stratified models, the Gi* statistic reflects the level of black, Hispanic, and white segregation, respectively. The Gi* statistic was scaled such that a unit change represents a 1.96 difference in the score. Results Cross-sectional models indicated higher segregation to be negatively associated with BMI for white females and positively associated for Hispanic females. No association was found for black females or males in general. In contrast, fixed-effect models adjusting for neighborhood poverty, higher segregation was positively associated with BMI for black females (coeff = 0.25 kg/m2; 95% CI = [0.03, 0.46]; p-value = 0.03) but negatively associated for Hispanic females (coeff = -0.17 kg/m2; 95% CI = [-0.33, -0.01]; p-value = 0.04) and Hispanic males (coeff = -0.20; 95% CI = [-0.39, -0.01]; p-value = 0.04). Further controls for socioeconomic factors fully explained the associations for Hispanics but not for black females. Conclusions Fixed-effect results suggest that segregation's impacts might not be universally harmful, with possible null or beneficial impacts, depending on race/ethnicity. The persistent associations after accounting for neighborhood poverty indicate that the segregation-BMI link may operate through different pathways other than neighborhood poverty.
Self-reported Cannabis Use and Changes in Body Mass Index, CD4 T-Cell Counts, and HIV-1 RNA Suppression in Treated Persons with HIV

Cannabis use is prevalent among HIV-positive persons, but evidence regarding the impact of cannabis in HIV-positive persons is limited. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HIV-positive adults initiating their first antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. A dedicated intake form assessed self-reported cannabis use in the preceding 7 days at each visit. The relationships between time-varying cannabis use and body mass index (BMI), CD4+ T-cell count, and HIV-1 RNA levels were assessed using random effects models adjusted for age, sex, race, and other reported substance use. 4290 patient-visits from 2008 to 2011 were available from 1010 patients. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in CD4+ T-cell count and BMI across multiple adjusted models using different measures of cannabis use (ever use during the study period, any use, and number of times used in the preceding 7 days). Cannabis use by all three measures was associated with greater odds of having a detectable viral load at a given visit than no reported use (OR 2.02, 1.72, and 1.08, respectively; all adjusted p < 0.05). Self-reported cannabis use was not associated with changes in BMI or CD4+ T-cell count in ART-naive HIV-positive persons starting treatment. However, reported cannabis use by multiple categories was associated with having a detectable HIV-1 RNA during the study period. Associations between cannabis use, adherence, and HIV-related outcomes merit further study.
Case series of cancer patients who developed cholecystitis related to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a promising novel class of cancer therapy, but immune-mediated adverse events can complicate ICI treatment. Acute cholecystitis in patients receiving ICI therapy has not been characterized. We aimed to describe the clinical features of patients who developed ICI-related cholecystitis. We evaluated a case series of patients at a tertiary cancer center who received ICI therapy and developed cholecystitis, diagnosed by clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging, during 2010–2018. Patients with a history of chronic cholecystitis or other etiologies of acute cholecystitis, such as cholelithiasis, were excluded. A chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of cholecystitis between ICI regimens. Kaplan-Meier and log rank analyses were used to compare survival between subgroups. Of the 4253 patients who received ICIs in the study period, 25 (0.6%) patients developed suspected ICI-related cholecystitis. Alternatively, of the 31,426 cancer-matched patients who received non-ICI therapy, 72 (0.2%) developed acalculous cholecystitis (P < 0.001). Among the 25 included patients, the median time from ICI initiation to cholecystitis was 6 months (range, 0.1–31 months). Fifteen (60%) patients received an inhibitor of programmed death protein 1 (anti–PD-1) or of its ligand (anti–PD-L1) as a single agent, and 10 (40%) patients received an inhibitor of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (anti–CTLA-4) therapy alone or combined with anti–PD-1/L1. Anti–CTLA-4 monotherapy was associated with a higher risk of cholecystitis (P = 0.006). ICI therapy was discontinued in 20 patients, in three (12%) as a result of acute cholecystitis. Two (8%) patients developed sepsis, and four (16%) had perforation of the gallbladder wall. Five (20%) patients underwent surgical cholecystectomy, and eight (32%) underwent percutaneous drainage. Five (20%) patients were treated with steroids; two of them required surgery. Ten (40%) patients were able to restart ICI therapy. Patients who received a combination of anti–CTLA-4 and anti–PD-1/L1 had more complications of cholecystitis than did patients who received either agent alone (P = 0.03). ICI treatment can result in a clinical condition similar to typical acute cholecystitis in a minority of patients. ICI-related cholecystitis should be managed in a similar fashion to typical cholecystitis. The efficacy of steroids for the treatment of ICI-related cholecystitis is unclear.
High-Resolution Structure and Inhibition of the Schizophrenia-Linked Pseudokinase ULK4.

The ULK (UNC51-like) enzymes are a family of mammalian kinases that have critical roles in autophagy and development. While ULK1, ULK2, and ULK3 have been characterized, very little is known about ...
Before Dred Scott: Slavery and Legal Culture in the American Confluence, 1787–1857

Recent historiography has recast our understanding of U.S. slavery's geographic borders, demonstrating that the institution remained national rather than only southern well into the antebellum peri...
Follow-up investigation on the promotional practices of electric scooter companies: content analysis of posts on Instagram and Twitter

Background: Electric scooters (e-scooters) have become a popular mode of transportation in both the United States and Europe. In the wake of this popularity, e-scooters have changed the commuting experience in many metropolitan areas. Although e-scooters offer an efficient and economical way to travel short distances in traffic-congested areas, recent studies have raised concerns over their safety. Bird and Tier Mobility are 2 popular e-scooter companies in the United States and Europe, respectively. Both companies maintain active social media accounts with hundreds of posts and tens of thousands of followers. Recent studies have shown that consumer behavior may be influenced by the content posted to popular social media platforms, such as Instagram and Twitter. Objective: This study aimed to examine the official Instagram and Twitter accounts of Bird and Tier Mobility to determine whether these companies promote and demonstrate the use of safety gear in their posts to their consumers. Methods: Posts to Bird’s (n=287) and Tier Mobility’s (n=190) official Instagram accounts, as well as Bird’s (n=313) and Tier Mobility’s (n=67) official Twitter accounts, were collected from November 9, 2018, to October 7, 2019. Rules for coding content of posts were informed by previous research. Results: Among posts to Bird’s Instagram account, 69.3% (199/287) had a person visible with an e-scooter, 9.1% (26/287) contained persons wearing protective gear, and there were no mentions of protective gear in captions corresponding to the post. Among posts to Tier Mobility’s Instagram account, 84.7% (161/190) contained a person visible with an e-scooter, 36.3% (69/190) contained persons wearing protective gear, and 4.2% (8/190) of captions corresponding to posts mentioned protective gear. Among posts to Bird’s Twitter account, 71.9% (225/313) had an image, of which 44.0% (99/225) contained a person visible with an e-scooter and 15.1% (34/225) contained persons wearing protective gear. Among posts to Tier Mobility’s Twitter account, 78% (52/67) had an image, of which 52% (27/52) contained a person with an e-scooter and 21% (11/52) contained persons wearing protective gear. Conclusions: Findings show that modeling and promoting safety is rare on Bird’s and Tier Mobility’s official social media accounts, which may contribute to the normalization of unsafe riding practices. Social media platforms may offer a potential avenue for public health officials to intervene with rider safety campaigns for public education.
Entre Astrea-Estrella y un padre astrólogo: Segismundo en La vida es sueño

Using a psychoanalytic approach, this article treats key aspects of La vida es sueno that go beyond the rivalry between Basilio and Segismundo. It examines the ways in which Segismundo is a man who...
A Bioecological Theory of Sexual Harassment of Girls: Research Synthesis and Proposed Model:

In the United States, many adolescent girls experience sexual harassment before they leave high school, and between 20% and 25% of college women are survivors of sexual assault. Despite the many ne...