cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Dance Interventions on Mood and Depression in Older Adults

Given the high prevalence of depression among older adults (Murrock & Graor, 2014), there is a pressing need for effective treatment options in this population. Since dance is an activity-based intervention that engages participants physically, cognitively, socially and emotionally, it may be particularly well suited for addressing a variety of health conditions, including depression (Haboush, Floyd, Caron, LaSota & Alvarez, 2006). This brief literature review summarizes current research in this area and provides a knowledge translation plan to guide practitioners in implementing dance interventions linked to positive outcomes related to mood in the older adult population.
Israel and the Middle East in Presidential Memory: Jimmy Carter and the Presidents of the Late Cold War Period

Jimmy Carter was a different kind of president. While he affirmed the principle of church-state separation, Carter talked about his religion, shared his religious experiences, and applied his religious beliefs in politics to a greater degree than his presidential contemporaries. This was evident in his views toward Israel and the Middle East. To illustrate Carter’s distinct views, a comparative approach is employed using presidential memoirs. In this essay, Carter’s views are compared with his contemporaries, presidents from Lyndon Johnson to George H.W. Bush. Fundamentally, presidents of the late Cold War period offered secular, non-religious reasons for U.S. involvement in the Middle East. They were largely concerned with Soviet designs in the region and the potential for the Arab-Israeli conflict to widen and directly involve the two superpowers. However, Carter also defined U.S. interests in the region from a religious standpoint. Like other evangelicals, Israel and the Middle East for Carter were important because they constituted sacred space, holy land, and working for peace in the Middle East was a “sacred cause.”
Biochemical manifestation of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome.

Objectives Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), including protease inhibitors (PI) have led to dramatic improvements in the quality and quantity of life in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, a significant number of AIDS patients on HAART develop characteristic changes in body fat redistribution referred to as lipodystrophy syndrome (LDS). Features of LDS include hypertrophy in the neck fat pad (buffalo hump), increased fat in the abdominal region (protease paunch), gynecomastia and loss of fat in the mid-face and extremities. Methods The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge regarding this syndrome. This article reviews the published investigations on biochemical manifestation of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome. Results It is estimated that approximately 64% of patients treated with PI will experience this syndrome. Biochemically, these patients have increased triglycerides (Trig), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and extremely low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusions and Public Health Implications It is hoped that awareness of this syndrome would aid in early diagnosis and better patient management, possibly leading to a lower incidence of cardiovascular complications among these patients. Key Words HIV Lipodystrophy Syndrome, Highly active anti-retroviral therapy, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, buffalo hump.
Cardiomyopathy Associated With Targeted Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background Chemotherapeutic agents directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) have significantly improved the prognosis of patients who are positive for this receptor. However, cardiomyopathy remains as a common adverse effect of using these agents. Materials and Methods Literature search was conducted via PubMed using the keywords of “Trastuzumab Cardiomyopathy,” “Lapatinib Cardiomyopathy” and “Pertuzumab Cardiomyopathy,” which provided 104 results. These articles were then screened for relevance to the targeted subject based on their title and abstracts. Case reports and articles that were not discussing any aspect of cardiomyopathy secondary to targeted therapy for breast cancer and articles not in English were eliminated. After elimination, a bibliography search among selected articles was done and a total of 46 articles were identified. The collected articles were then meticulously analyzed and summarized. Results The use of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) receptor targeted chemotherapy in breast cancer is limited because of a higher incidence (19–22%) of cardiomyopathy. The incidence of cardiomyopathy is not dose dependent and in most cases it is reversible after discontinuation of the drug and treatment with heart failure medications. Severe adverse outcomes including death or permanent disability are rare. Conclusion HER-2 targeted chemotherapy for breast cancer has a higher incidence of associated reversible cardiomyopathy. Patients should be monitored by serial echocardiography starting at the beginning of the treatment and followed by every 3 months until the completion of chemotherapy. Co-ordination between oncologists and cardiologists is needed to develop evidence-based protocols to prevent, identify, monitor and treat trastuzumab-induced cardiomyopathy.
Exploring the communication preferences of MOOC learners and the value of preference-based groups: Is grouping enough?

Approximately 10 % of learners complete Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs); the absence of peer and professor support contributes to retention issues. MOOC leaders often form groups to supplement in-course forums and Q&A sessions, and students participating in groups find them valuable. Instructors want to assist in the formation of groups, creating multi-national collaborations, an asset possible in MOOCs that is generally sacrificed when students form their own groups. Little is known about how people from various cultures prefer to communicate with each other, or about the value of groups formed by MOOC leaders. To understand MOOC leaners’ grouping preferences, we administered a pre-course online survey to volunteers registered in the “Creativity, Innovation, and Change” MOOC offered by Penn State University via Coursera and assigned volunteers to groups based on their preferences. We also examined whether assigning learners to groups based on their preferences enhanced their performance or completion of the course. This paper reports MOOC learners’ preferences for different modes of online communication with group members (asynchronous text posts, synchronous text chats, or synchronous video and audio). Statistically significant relationships were found between learners’ preferred communication modes and their level of English proficiency, gender, level of education, and age. Although placing learners in groups based on their preferences and introducing them to each other did not improve course performance or completion, our findings on preferred communication modes, combined with more formal instruction of how to function as group members may prove to enhance learning and engagement in MOOCs.
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Summary The Tacoma, Washington surgical experience with 37 consecutive patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms seen over a 5 year period has been reported. The overall survival rate was 38 percent. The development of shock before initiation of surgery was a common finding and portended a poor prognosis. The presence of a known aneurysm before presentation with rupture had no influence on the delay required to make the diagnosis and institute surgery or on the proportion of patients in shock but it did negatively influence the survival rate. The need for improved community understanding of aneurysms, their natural history, and the necessity for prompt diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention combined with avoidance of shock when rupture occurs are stressed.
Sonographic Appearance of the Gallbladder in the Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Population

Objectives To determine whether gallbladder sonographic findings in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant patients can distinguish among hepatobiliary complications of HSC transplants (graft-versus-host disease [GVHD] and veno-occlusive disease) and biliary events (cholecystitis, cholangitis, and choledocholithiasis). Methods All HSC transplant patients who underwent gallbladder sonography from 2009 through 2012 were identified. Complications and sonographic findings were recorded. Results Of 124 patients, 66 (53.2%) had an event: 33 (50.0%) had GVHD; 22 (33.3%) had veno-occlusive disease; 6 (9.0%) had a biliary event; 4 (6.0%) had veno-occlusive disease and GVHD; and 1 (1.5%) had veno-occlusive disease and a biliary event. Of all patients, 115 (92.7%) had 1 or more sonographic findings in the gallbladder, with sludge being most common in all groups. In patients with veno-occlusive disease, the second and third most common findings were pericholecystic fluid and wall thickening. In patients with GVHD, distension was the second most common. Patients with biliary events all had distension, and half had pericholecystic fluid. Patients with veno-occlusive disease were significantly more likely to have wall thickening than those with GVHD or no event (77.2% versus 36.3%; P= .005; and 77.2% versus 37.9%; P= .002) and more likely to have pericholecystic fluid than patients with GVHD (95.5% versus 45.5%; P = .0001), a biliary event (95.5% versus 50%; P = .02), or no event (95.5% versus 29.3%; P = .0001). The positive predictive value of any finding was low for all groups because findings were common in patients with no event. Conclusions Sonographic abnormalities of the gallbladder after HSC transplants are common in patients with and without HSC transplant complications and in those with biliary events. No sonographic finding is useful to distinguish among complications in HSC transplant patients.
The Roots of Cane: Jean Toomer in The Double Dealer and Modernist Networks

Cane, like the multitudes of mixed-race life it depicts in its blurring of genres, has frequently been misrepresented, categorized either as a hallmark work of the Harlem Renaissance despite Toomer’s uneasy relationship with that movement, or as in dialogue with a modernist avant-garde typically perceived as if outside the racialist cultural sys- tems circulating in the USA in the 1920s and 1930s — but not as occupy- ing both historical categories simultaneously, or indeed blurring those lines.1 Thanks to his early close association with Waldo Frank and later disavowal of Alain Locke’s The New Negro (1925) and Nancy Cunard’s Negro (1934), Toomer often seems to have disassociated himself from the very literary movements that give his foundational work its cultural coherence. As George Hutchinson concludes of Toomer’s reception, ‘Through his “failure” (to create a language, to be called by his own name) and his subsequent “disappearance” from the literary scene, Toomer revealed the shared contradictions in “black” and “white” American racial ideologies’ (Hutchinson 1993, p. 245). Upon its publi- cation by Boni & Live right in 1923, and through its subsequent ‘redis- coveries’ at later points in the New Negro Renaissance and Black Arts Movement in the 1960s, Cane as a solitary text tends to be positioned in one way or another, yet the book’s origins operate outside of this singular framework, as several of the poems and short fictions appeared first in a range of modernist ‘little magazines’.
The mixed Lipschitz space and its dual for tree metrics

Abstract This paper develops a theory of harmonic analysis on spaces with tree metrics, extending previous work in this direction by Gavish, Nadler and Coifman (2010) [30] and Gavish and Coifman (2011, 2012) [28] , [29] . We show how a natural system of martingales and martingale differences induced by a partition tree leads to simple and effective characterizations of the Lipschitz norm and its dual for functions on a single tree metric space. The restrictions we place on the tree metrics are far more general than those considered in previous work. As the dual norm is equal to the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) between two probability distributions, we recover a simple formula for EMD with respect to tree distances presented by Charikar (2002) [36] . We also consider the situation where an arbitrary metric is approximated by the average of a family of dominating tree metrics. We show that the Lipschitz norm and its dual for the tree metrics can be combined to yield an approximation to the corresponding norms for the underlying metric. The main contributions of this paper, however, are the generalizations of the aforementioned results to the setting of the product of two or more tree metric spaces. For functions on a product space, the notion of regularity we consider is not the Lipschitz condition, but rather the mixed Lipschitz condition that controls the size of a function's mixed difference quotient. This condition is extremely natural for datasets that can be described as a product of metric spaces, such as word-document databases. We develop effective formulas for norms equivalent to the mixed Lipschitz norm and its dual, and extend our results on combining pairs of trees.
The Zephyr abstract syntax description language

The Zephyr Abstract Syntax Description Language (ASDL) describes the abstract syntax of compiler intermediate representations (IRs) and other tree-like data structures. Just as the lexical and syntactic structures of programming languages are described with regular expressions and context free grammars, ASDL provides a concise notation for describing the abstract syntax of programming languages. Tools can convert ASDL descriptions into the appropriate data-structure definitions and functions to convert the data-structures to or from a standard flattened representation. This makes it easier to build compiler components that interoperate. Although ASDL lacks subtyping and inheritance, it is able to describe the Stanford University Intermediate Format (SUIF) compiler IR, originally implemented in C++. We have built a tool that converts ASDL into C, C++, Java, and ML data-structure definitions and conversion functions. We have also built a graphical browser-editor of ASDL data structures. ASDL shares features found in many network interface description languages (IDLs), algebraic data types, and languages such as ASN.1 and SGML. Compared to other alternatives ASDL is simple and powerful. This document describes ASDL in detail and presents an initial evaluation of ASDL.
Randomized comparison of popliteal-sciatic perineural catheter tip migration and dislocation in a cadaver model using two catheter designs.

Background New catheter-over-needle (CON) technology for continuous peripheral nerve blockade has emerged, but its effect on the risk of perineural catheter tip dislocation is unknown. Less flexible catheters may be more likely to migrate away from the nerve with simulated patient movement. In the present study, we evaluated catheter tip migration between CON catheters and traditional catheter-through-needle (CTN) catheters during ultrasound-guided short-axis in-plane (SAX-IP) insertion. Methods We evaluated the migration of popliteal-sciatic catheters in a prone, unembalmed male cadaver. Thirty catheter placement trials were divided randomly into two groups based on the catheter type: CON or CTN. A single anesthesiology resident placed the catheters by SAX-IP insertion, and the catheters were then examined by ultrasound before and after ipsilateral knee range of motion (ROM) exercises (0°-130° flexion). A blinded expert regional anesthesiologist performed caliper measurements on the ultrasound images before and after the ROM exercises. The primary outcome was the change in distance from the catheter tip to the center of the nerve (cm) between before and after the ROM exercises. Results The change in the tip-to-nerve distance (median [10th-90th percentile]) was 0.06 (-0.16 to 0.23) cm for the CTN catheter and 0.00 (-0.12 to 0.69) for the CON catheter (P = 0.663). However, there was a statistically significant increase in dislocation out of the nerve compartment for the CON catheter (4/15; 0/15 for CTN) (P = 0.043). Conclusions Although the use of different catheter designs had no effect on the change in the measured migration distance of popliteal-sciatic catheters, 27% of the CON catheters were dislocated out of the nerve compartment. These results may influence the choice of catheter design when using SAX-IP perineural catheter insertion.
Ultra-low loss, ultra-large Aeff optical fibers for undersea networks

Silica core optical fiber technology enabled a distinct class of ultra-low attenuation optical fibers (record is 0.1460 dB/km). Large effective area (≥150 µm2) silica core fibers became the solution of choice in the high capacity undersea communication systems.
Bright red-emitting pyrene derivatives with a large Stokes shift for nucleus staining

A highly fluorescent red-emitting pyrene derivative was synthesized and found to exhibit a large Stokes shift (λem ≈ 610 nm, Δλ ∼ 130 nm, Δν ∼ 4597 cm-1). The probe molecule showed remarkable selectivity to stain the nucleus in both live and fixed cells, with higher sensitivity than commercial dye DRAQ5.
Eliciting and Evaluating Expert Forecasts

This note emphasizes the idea that managers will often want to ask experts to express their opinions about important business risks using the precise language of probability. Examples are drawn from the 2008 financial crisis and involve value-at-risk financial reporting. The second half of this note explains how a manager might use a scoring rule to evaluate the quality of experts' probability forecasts. This note is intended to accompany an instructor's own real-time forecasting exercise where students forecast, at the beginning of a week, quantities and events that will be realized by the end of the week. The quantities and events may include stock prices, commodity prices, interest rates, exchange rates, bond ratings, political votes, movie box-office revenues, Nielsen television ratings, weather events, athletic event attendance, and so on.
Assessing and Improving Consistency of a Pairwise Comparison Matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process

A major breakthrough in multi-criteria decision analysis has been the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), with its innovative applications of matrix theory and pioneering concept of consistency in human judgments for pairwise comparisons. However, the criterion for assessing consistency among these judgments in a pairwise comparison matrix of AHP is somewhat cumbersome to apply and the available procedures for improving the consistency of the matrix focus mainly on the effects rather than the source of the inconsistency: the underlying human judgments. This paper presents a simplified criterion for assessing the consistency of a pairwise comparison matrix. It further develops a systematic procedure for modifying an insufficiently consistent matrix to total consistency based on the degree of confidence the decision-maker places on these judgments, and discusses the implications of this total consistency modification procedure.
Optomechanical microrheology of single adherent cancer cells.

There is a close relationship between the mechanical properties of cells and their physiological function. Non-invasive measurements of the physical properties of cells, especially of adherent cells, are challenging to perform. Through a non-contact optical interferometric technique, we measure and combine the phase, amplitude, and frequency of vibrating silicon pedestal micromechanical resonant sensors to quantify the “loss tangent” of individual adherent human colon cancer cells (HT-29). The loss tangent, a dimensionless ratio of viscoelastic energy loss and energy storage — a measure of the viscoelasticity of soft materials, obtained through an optical path length model, was found to be 1.88 ± 0.08 for live cells and 4.32 ± 0.13 for fixed cells, revealing significant changes (p < 0.001) in mechanical properties associated with estimated nanoscale cell membrane fluctuations of 3.86 ± 0.2 nm for live cells and 2.87 ± 0.1 nm for fixed cells. By combining these values with the corresponding two-degree-...
Shelter Building and Extrafloral Nectar Exploitation by a Member of the Aristotelia corallina Species Complex (Gelechiidae) on Costa Rican Acacias

A new member of the unresolved Aristotelia corallina Walsingham species complex (Gelechiidae) from a Costa Rican dry forest (Parque Nacional Palo Verde) is reported. Its larval behavior and possible relationships to the rest of the complex are described and analyzed. Field and laboratory observations revealed that these caterpillars consumed the extrafloral nectar, Beltian bodies, and young foliage of two acacia species (Vachellia collinsii and Vachellia farnesiana; Fabaceae: Mimosoideae). The caterpillars were observed building individual silk webs surrounding a single stem node's thorns and leaf rachises. If open domatia are included in shelters, the caterpillars reside in the domatia between feeding bouts and during pupation. These caterpillars are the only non-myrmecophilous caterpillars known to regularly exploit a host plant's ant rewards. DNA barcoding of the Costa Rican specimens showed that they are significantly different from the United States members of A. corallina (12–13% difference in cox1 sequence). An examination of host plant herbarium material for caterpillar shelters demonstrated likely differences in host plant use, with webs consistent with A. corallina only found on specimens of United States Chamaecrista nictitans (Fabaceae: Caesalpiniodeae), but not Vachellia farnesiana. By contrast, webs were found on V. collinsii, V. cornigera, and V. farnesiana from Central America (including Mexico), but not on Central American C. nictitans. This ecological evidence suggests that the Costa Rican populations of A. corallina may be more closely related to the Mexican populations than to the US populations.
Cell-centered imposed diffusion synthetic acceleration for weighted difference transport methods

We compute the spectral radius for Reed's cell-centered imposed diffusion synthetic acceleration (IDSA) method applied to a fixed-weights weighted diamond-difference (WDD) scheme. We show that Reed's conclusion that IDSA is conditionally stable is strictly true only for very small magnitude spatial weights. For the zeroth-order nodal integral method, the step method (unit weights), and WDD methods with large enough weights (say larger than 0.5), a simple choice of the diffusion coefficient results in unconditionally stable, rapidly converging iterations. Moreover, the IDSA's spectral radius vanishes in the limit of infinitely thick computational cells, thereby implying immediate convergence for sufficiently thick problems. We verify all these results via model and nonmodel test problems
The effect of feeding various levels of Bifidobacterium globosum A on the performance, gastrointestinal measurements, and immunity of weanling pigs and on the performance and carcass measurements of growing-finishing pigs.

Four trials using 312 weanling pigs (average initial weight, 7.2 kg) were conducted to examine the effect of Bifidobacterium globosum A (BGA) on the growth performance, scour scores, humoral and cell-mediated immune response, and pH and chloride ion concentration (CIC) of feces and gastrointestinal tract contents of pigs. Dietary treatments were 0, 5.0 x 10(4), 6.7 x 10(6), and 7.5 x 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) of BGA/d in Trial 1 and 0, 6.0 x 10(4), 5.0 x 10(5), and 5.0 x 10(6) cfu/d in Trials 2 through 4. Pigs fed the low or medium levels of supplemental BGA had a greater ADG (P < .05) than control pigs throughout Trial 1, whereas ADG was quadratically increased (P < .05) for the low or medium levels only during wk 3 to 5 for the pooled data for Trials 2, 3, and 4. The primary effect of dietary BGA additions on ADFI was a quadratic increase during wk 3 to 5 for Trial 1 (P < .05) and for the pooled data of Trials 2 through 4 (P < .10). Gain:feed ratios were generally unaffected by addition of BGA. Both ADFI and ADG tended to be decreased (P < .10) at the highest level of BGA in all trials. Scouring was not severe in any of the trials and was not consistently affected by feeding BGA. The pH and CIC of gastrointestinal contents or feces were not influenced by the feeding of BGA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Embryonic origin and genetic basis of cave associated phenotypes in the isopod crustacean Asellus aquaticus

Characteristics common to animals living in subterranean environments include the reduction or absence of eyes, lessened pigmentation and enhanced sensory systems. How these characteristics have evolved is poorly understood for the majority of cave dwelling species. In order to understand the evolution of these changes, this study uses an invertebrate model system, the freshwater isopod crustacean, Asellus aquaticus, to examine whether adult differences between cave and surface dwelling individuals first appear during embryonic development. We hypothesized that antennal elaboration, as well as eye reduction and pigment loss, would be apparent during embryonic development. We found that differences in pigmentation, eye formation, and number of segments of antenna II were all present by the end of embryonic development. In addition, we found that cave and surface hatchlings do not significantly differ in the relative size of antenna II and the duration of embryonic development. To investigate whether the regions responsible for eye and pigment differences could be genetically linked to differences in article number, we genotyped F2 hybrids for the four previously mapped genomic regions associated with eye and pigment differences and phenotyped these F2 hybrids for antenna II article number. We found that the region previously known to be responsible for both presence versus absence of pigment and eye size also was significantly associated with article number. Future experiments will address whether pleiotropy and/or genetic linkage play a role in the evolution of cave characteristics in Asellus aquaticus.
The Screw-Aorta Dilemma: Changing Patient Position in Computed Tomography Scan Is Critical in Documenting Aortic Mobility.

Study design Retrospective chart review. Objective To determine if obtaining a prone computed tomography (CT)-scan can better delineate a questionable screw-aorta relationship. Summary of background data Pedicle screw misplacement rate is reported between 6% and 15%. Studies looking at misplacements on a per patient basis show up to 14% of patients have screws at risk (impinging vital structures). A screw abutting the aorta is a management challenge and often requires vascular surgery intervention. However, CT scans routinely done in supine position may overestimate screw-aorta relationship. Change in patient position may allow the aorta to roll away and, in most cases, reveal an uncompromised aorta. This will allow safe removal of pedicle screws without any vascular intervention. Methods One hundred eleven spinal deformity patients who underwent Posterior spinal fusion from 2004 to 2009 were evaluated. Patients with concerning screw-aorta relationship underwent additional prone CT scan. Mobility of the aorta was determined and distance was compared using prone and supine CT scans. Results Two thousand two hundred ninety five screws were reviewed, 36 screws in 18 patients were in proximity to the aorta. Fourteen screws (nine patients) appeared to be impinging the aorta. On prone CT, 13 out of the 14 instances the aorta moved away from the screw. The average distance at the screw level was 13.6 ± 4.8 mm in supine position and 8.9 ± 5.4 mm in prone position (P = 0.001). In one instance the relationship was unchanged on prone CT. No screw was noted to violate the lumen or distort the aorta. Conclusion Supine CT scan alone is not entirely accurate in determining screw-aorta relationship. Prone-CT scan provides additional information for better delineation. This additional diagnostic step can change the treatment option by limiting the need for vascular intervention. When in doubt, the additional use of an arteriogram can allow for improved visualization. Level of evidence 3.
Reliability and Accelerated Testing of 14nm FinFET Ring Oscillators

Accelerated lifetime tests are necessary for reliability evaluation of circuits and systems, but the parameters for choosing the test conditions are often unknown. Furthermore, reliability testing is generally performed on test structures that have different properties than actual circuits and systems, which may create inconsistencies in how circuits and systems work in reality. To combat this problem, we use ring oscillators, which are similar to circuits, based on the 14nm FinFET node as the circuit vehicle to extract wearout data. We explore the effects of testing time, sample size, and number of stages on the ability to detect failures for various test conditions, focusing on front-end time dependent dielectric breakdown, which is one of the most dominant wearout mechanisms.
Sepsis Epidemiology Across the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, Chasm-A Direct Application of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Case Definition to Hospital Discharge Data.

Objectives Describe the epidemiology of sepsis across the transition from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, coding systems, evaluating estimates of two previously published International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, coding strategies. Design Serial cross-sectional analysis. Setting Healthcare Utilization Project's annual Nationwide Inpatient Sample of U.S. hospital discharges, 2012-2017. Patients Discharges greater than or equal to 18 years old, which met one of the three case definitions for sepsis. For the records using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, we used previously published modified Angus criteria, and for records using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, we deployed a case definition used by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and a case definition developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Interventions None. Measurements and main results During the study period, there were discontinuities in the sepsis incidence estimates using the modified Angus International Classification of Diseases, 9th Edition, criteria in 2014 and either Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services or Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, criteria in 2016. In 2014, there were an estimated 1,009 cases (95% CI, 989-1,030) of modified Angus sepsis per 100,000 persons, whereas in 2016, there were 709 cases (95% CI, 694-724) of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services sepsis and 1,498 cases (95% CI, 1,471-1,092) of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation sepsis per 100,000 persons. Furthermore, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation definition identified a sepsis cohort with similar hospital characteristics but a younger age distribution, higher proportion of women, lower severity of illness, and lower hospital mortality. Conclusions The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, coding strategy for identifying sepsis may capture a larger patient population within administrative datasets that are different from those identified with previously deployed International Classification of Diseases-based methods. Further work is required to determine the optimal International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition, coding strategy for use in hospital discharge data.
SCAN360: A Resource for a 360-Degree View of Cancer Prevention, Risk, and Survival

SCAN360, an interactive web platform aiming to provide a "360-degree view" of factors that drive cancer, calculates and integrates several measures of cancer burden from the Florida Cancer Data System, the state's cancer registry, from 2012 to 2016 with cancer risk factors, clinical factors, and social determinants of health on multiple levels of geography - ranging from the entire state to the neighborhood. Integrating various sources of data, the web platform visualizes numerous indicators, including sociodemographic characteristics, cancer histology and staging, risk behaviors, screening behavior, environmental factors, hazardous sites, health insurance access, prevalence of potential comorbidities, housing characteristics, and levels of residential segregation, through maps and easy-to-interpret graphs. By walking through an example of a practical use, we show that SCAN360 provides data that are easily accessible to public health professionals, decision makers, and researchers and can assist them with identifying potential drivers of cancer burden on a localized level.
Asymmetric Wage Indexation

Models of wage indexation uniformly have been based on the simplifying assumption that nominal wages adjust upward or downward symmetrically with unexpected price increases or decreases. Indexation typically is asymmetric in actual contracts, however. Wages are indexed to price increases but not to price reductions. This paper analyzes a macroeconomic model with asymmetric indexation. On the one hand, this paper finds that when stable equilibria supporting use of such asymmetrically indexed contracts exist, the result is an unambiguous downward bias in the base contract wage, because workers must pay a premium for insurance against real wage reductions that unexpected inflation otherwise would induce. On the other hand, the paper concludes that the likelihood of existence of stable equilibria supporting positive wage indexation generally declines as aggregate demand variability rises relative to the variability of aggregate supply. This may help explain why relatively low levels of wage indexation actually are observed in nations with relatively contained aggregate demand volatility.
Utilizing GoogleMeets™ to Implement Prompting Strategies During Instruction for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder:

Students with developmental disabilities and communication delays, particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD), participate in academic instruction through a continuum of services and environments....
Comparing and assessing department-level instructional workloads: a study in data management

Hiring academic staff into departments and supporting them remains the single costliest activity that most institutions of higher learning engage in and requires careful, long-term, data-driven pla...
Deviation From Consensus Contouring Guidelines Predicts Inferior Local Control After Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is increasingly utilized for the treatment of spine metastasis. Although consensus guidelines for spine SBRT target delineation have been published, data regarding their impact on patient outcomes are limited. The goal of this study is to analyze predictive factors for long-term local control (LC) in a large, mature series. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients with de novo metastasis of the spine treated at an academic institution between 2009 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with prostate and hematologic malignancies were excluded. Variables examined included primary tumor type, prior surgery and radiation, location, disease extension into the epidural space and paraspinal soft tissue, adherence of target volume to consensus guidelines (retrospectively reviewed from treatment plans), and prescribed dose and fractionation. Target lesions and epidural disease (ED) were identified on MRIs obtained at the time of treatment planning within 4 weeks of SBRT delivery. ED was graded as minimal (Bilsky grade 0-1a), low grade (LG-ED, Bilsky grade 1b) and high grade (HG-ED, Bilsky grade 1c-3). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed using the Fine and Gray competing risk method with death as a competing risk for local progression. RESULTS A total of 360 discrete lesions in 283 patients were treated with SBRT. The majority of lesions received 24-27Gy in 2-3 fractions. At median follow up of 14.6 months (range 1.2-131.3), 68 lesions had local progression, with 1 and 2-year LC rate of 87.6% (95% CI 82.6-91.2%) and 73.8% (95% CI 66.3-80.0%), respectively. In total, 58 deviations (16.1%) from consensus contouring guidelines were identified. Targets treated before 2012 and sacral lesions were more likely to deviate from guidelines. On univariable analysis, deviation from guidelines was associated with inferior LC (hazard ratio [HR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65-4.34, P < 0.001). One-year LC was 89.6% (95% CI 84.1-93.3%) for targets that adhered to guidelines, vs 78.2% (95% CI 63.3-87.7%) for those with deviations. Other factors associated with inferior LC included ED (univariable HR 4.10 for LG-ED, 95% CI 1.77-9.53, P = 0.001; HR 4.24 for HG-ED, 95% CI 1.90-9.45, P < 0.001), gastrointestinal (GI) primary (HR 2.45, 95% CI 1.36-4.40, P = 0.003) and paraspinal extension (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.43-4.22, P = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, deviation from guidelines (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.55-4.22, P < 0.001), ED (HR 3.38 for LG-ED, 95% CI 1.43-7.96, P = 0.005; HR 3.45 for HG-ED, 95% CI 1.52-7.86, P = 0.003), GI primary (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.19-4.02, P = 0.01) and paraspinal extension (HR 2.24, 95% 1.29-3.87, P = 0.004) demonstrated significant association with progression. CONCLUSION SBRT provides durable tumor control for spine metastasis. These data support the use of consensus contouring guidelines to maximize the likelihood of LC.
Hereditary hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta. Pedigree analysis.

Abstract Analysis of three pedigrees (including one of a Negro family) presented in this report clearly indicates that the hypocalcified type of amelogenesis imperfecta is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with uniform gene expression and complete penetrance. Males and females were affected in equal numbers in these kindreds. The findings are consistent with a single-gene hypothesis and lend support to the concept that this type of amelogenesis imperfecta is a distinct genetic entity.
Studies of Aldehyde Oxidase by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy I. SPECTRA AT EQUILIBRIUM STATES

Abstract Aldehyde oxidase from rabbit liver was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Reduction by substrate elicited three types of signals characteristic of free radicals, molybdenum(V), and a non-heme iron complex, respectively. The properties of these signals are described, and the representation of each species in the corresponding signal is quantitatively assessed. Under the specific conditions which yielded a maximum for each of the signal types, 24% of the flavin was in the semiquinone form (g = 2.00), 25% of the iron was in the reduced form responsible for the signal of g = 1.94, and 15 to 20% of the molybdenum was in the Mo(V) state with a signal at g = 1.97. Anaerobic titration of the enzyme with dithionite indicated that reduction of only 1 iron out of each 4 (per flavin) results in the appearance of the g = 1.94 signal, in agreement with the quantitative recovery in the EPR signal. When titration of the enzyme with N-methylnicotinamide was followed by EPR spectroscopy, partial formation of flavin semiquinone and accumulation of reducing equivalents in the non-heme iron complex was observed during consumption of the first 5 to 6 electrons per flavin. Extensive reduction of molybdenum ensued after an additional 1 to 2 eq. Spectrophotometry suggests that the enzymic components which accept electrons from substrate and are not detectable by EPR spectroscopy are that portion of the flavin which is fully reduced and the remainder of the non-heme iron. Rapid titrations, insufficient to permit equilibration between enzyme and substrate, showed migration of reducing equivalents from molybdenum toward flavin and non-heme iron with increasing time. These experiments show that intramolecular electron transfer can be effectively stopped at a low temperature. Measurements of electron spin relaxation of reduced enzyme suggest intramolecular magnetic interactions among the various paramagnetic species generated during the titrations.
THE COIL-GLOBULE TRANSITION IN 2-DIMENSIONS

We show that the Interacting Self-Avoiding Walk/polymer chain at the theta temperature may be mapped onto the Indefinitely Growing Self-Avoiding Walk/Smart Kinetic Walk. Extremely accurate statistics for these walks exist which together with our independent numerical results support v = 0.57 (-4/7) where v is the exponent describing the dependence of the polymerization index N on the end-to-end distance RN.
Effect of excess Au on antiphase domain growth in Cu 3 Au

The kinetics of antiphase domain growth have been studied in three nonstoichiometric Cu/sub 3/Au alloys containing nominally 26, 28, and 31.5 at. percent Au. During isothermal annealing of disordered samples below the critical temperatures, the domain growth in all of the alloys initially followed the same t/sup 1/2/ dependence found previously for stoichiometric Cu/sub 3/Au. At long times, the two alloys furthest off stoichiometry reached limiting domain sizes which decreased with increasing Au content. Although the role of the excess Au in determining these limiting sizes is not clear, it is evident that most of the excess Au is accommodated within the domains. The antiphase domain size distributions in the alloys agree with those found for the stoichiometric alloy. (auth)
Scoparone Potentiates Transactivation of the Bile Salt Export Pump Gene and This Effect Is Enhanced by Cytochrome P450 Metabolism but Abolished by a PKC Inhibitor

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hyperbilirubinaemia and cholestasis are two major forms of liver abnormality. The Chinese herb Yin Chin has been used for thousands of years to treat liver dysfunctions. In mice, this herb and its principal ingredient scoparone were found to accelerate the clearance of bilirubin accompanied by the induction of uridine diphosphate-5′-glucuronosyltransferase-1A1 (UGT1A1), a bilirubin processing enzyme. The aim of this study was to determine whether scoparone induces the expression of human UGT1A1. In addition, the expression of the bile salt export pump (BSEP), a transporter of bile acids, was determined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary human hepatocytes and hepatoma line Huh7 were treated with scoparone, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or both. The expression of UGT1A1 and BSEP mRNA was determined. The activation of the human BSEP promoter reporter by scoparone was determined in Huh7 cells by transient transfection and in mice by bioluminescent imaging. The metabolism of scoparone was investigated by recombinant CYP enzymes and pooled human liver microsomes. KEY RESULTS Scoparone did not enhance the expression of either human BSEP or, surprisingly, UGT1A1. However, scoparone significantly potentiated the expression of BSEP induced by CDCA. Consistent with this, scoparone potentiated the stimulant effect of CDCA on the human BSEP promoter. This potentiation was enhanced by co-transfection of cytochrome P4501A2 but abolished by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Scoparone and Yin Chin normalize liver function primarily by enhancing the secretion of bile acids, and this effect probably varies depending on the metabolic rate of scoparone.
EIS versus MIS: a choice perspective

The authors clarify the descriptive and normative roles that executive information systems (EIS) assume and provide a perspective for EIS investments. They utilize past literature, personal observations, and structured telephone interviews of four expert officers from major EIS vendor companies. They propose definitions for the terms MIS (management information systems), DSS (decision support systems), and EIS to support the discussion and to address confusion and inconsistency in the use of these terms. According to the proposed definitions. EIS are similar to and highly dependent on MIS. Although EIS have obvious value, the authors recommend a careful analysis of EIS propositions in light of MIS mode alternatives. Various organizational conditions might lead to a premature development of EIS when the required MIS substructure is not yet well-developed and when investment in MIS would be more beneficial. Furthermore, for some purposes, the periodic distribution of MIS reports has distinct advantages over the EIS mode. It is concluded that research should provide a substantiated perspective and a contingency framework so that the EIS vision may acquire a more clearly defined viability. >
Rocket-and-wire triggered lightning in 2012 tropical storm Debby in the absence of natural lightning

[1] Lightning Mapping Array source locations, channel base currents, and electric field waveforms are presented for a lightning flash triggered in the rainbands of 2012 tropical storm Debby. The National Lightning Detection Network reported no natural cloud-to-ground discharges within 60 km of the North Florida triggering site for at least 20 h before and 8 h after the triggered flash. Additionally, local electric field mill and wideband antenna networks show no close cloud or cloud-to-ground flashes. The triggering rocket was launched with negative charge overhead producing an electric field at the ground of 5 kV m−1 and in coordination with X-band, dual-polarimetric radar observations of streamers of enhanced precipitation descending from the melting level as they approached the site. The Debby flash consisted of an initial stage (IS) followed by eleven leader/return stroke sequences. The flash exhibited all the processes of normal triggered and natural cloud-to-ground lightning: leader/return stroke sequences, continuing currents, K events, and M components. Additionally, the flash exhibited several exceptional characteristics: three return stroke peak currents greater than 25 kA, one very long, 352 ms, continuing current that transferred about 35 C of charge to ground, and a relatively short, 202 ms, IS containing no initial continuous current pulses. Following a near-vertical upward positive leader attaining 2.8 km height, the IS branched and propagated horizontally at 3.5 km altitude. The flash, exhibiting strokes and continuing current, then ascended to and propagated horizontally at 5.5 km, extending about 25 km south and 15 km east. The 0°C level was near 4.5 km above sea level. It follows from the above that clouds that are not producing natural lightning can represent a triggered lightning hazard to launch vehicles and aircraft.
Post-processing for artifact reduction in JPEG-compressed images

An iterative post-processing algorithm for reducing blocking and ringing in block transform-coded images is presented. It smooths the decompressed image and uses convex projections theory to preserve the image's edges and bit-stream. The algorithm exploits the coding scheme's block structure and ringing behavior. In experiments it outperforms an existing method and gives significant subjective and objective improvement over the decompressed image. Sufficient conditions for algorithm convergence are given.