cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Interactive Effects of Pro‐Political Behavior and Politics Perceptions on Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment1

The current study examined the impact of political behavior and perceptions of politics on job satisfaction and affective commitment. It is hypothesized that political behavior and perceived politics would interact to predict these outcomes such that those who reported greater use of these tactics would be more satisfied and committed when work environments were viewed as political in nature. Data were gathered from 131 police officers, who completed surveys following developmental programs. In general, results provided support for the hypothesis. Specifically, the Political Behavior × Perceived Politics interaction term explained incremental variance beyond demographic variables, control variables, and indicators of perceived control and understanding for each work outcome. These findings indicate that some individuals may experience positive consequences when occupying an environment perceived to be highly political. Implications of these findings, strengths and weaknesses, and avenues for future research are provided.
IDENTIFYING HOST STRAINS OF FALL ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA\ NOCTUIDAE) IN FLORIDA USING MITOCHONDRIAL MARKERS

Two molecular techniques were used to identify host strains of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) from male moths captured in pheromone-baited traps in north-central and central Florida. Moths collected in 1998 were analyzed using direct detection of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) RFLPs generated from restriction endonuclease digestion of total DNA, while moths collected in 2000 and 2001 were analyzed using a mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene PCR-RFLP marker. Both techniques could distinguish between rice and corn strain moths, however, the COI PCR-RFLP marker was more robust as indicated by a time interval experiment that showed that moths held for up to 15 days in a “bucket trap” could still be used for strain diagnosis. In a field study, our strategy gave results consistent with expectations. Rice strain moths were common in habitats with large areas of small grasses, corn strain moths were common in large areas planted to corn, and habitats with mixed large- and small-grass plantings contained both strains. Our methodology of combining pheromone traps with PCR-RFLP analysis will provide a valuable sampling system to determine the population ecology habits and strain isolating mechanisms of fall armyworm populations in numerous habitats, including overwintering areas of southern Florida.
Viscosupplementation during rehabilitation

Context:Viscosupplementation (VS) and physical therapy are both used to treat pain associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA).Evidence Acquisition:PubMed and EMBASE searches were performed to July 2013. Search terms included hyaluronic acid OR hylan, physical therapy OR exercise, AND osteoarthritis.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:The efficacy and safety of VS in painful knee OA is well documented, as are the appropriate candidates for this intervention. Studies suggest that adding VS to physical therapy and therapeutic exercise may lead to improved pain reduction and increased functionality compared with physical therapy alone.Conclusion:Appropriately selected patients undergoing physical therapy for knee OA may benefit from VS.
Developmental Groupings in Latency Children

Abstract This report is a mid-latency follow-up of children previously studied during nursery school. The study shows that there is a need to question many of our assumptions about the development of children from birth to latency. The existence of an infantile neurosis is confirmed. The peak proportion of children judged as showing interference with their developmental progression was at age 6. By the age of 8 1/2, many of these children had begun to progress again in their development. Changes in the groupings of the children from year to year seemed to be more characteristic than stability of groupings. Between 4 and 6 years of age the change was toward more pathology and/or interference with development. Between 6 and 8 1/2 the change was in a positive direction, toward health. Findings suggest that early latency appears to be a period of expansion for girls more often than it does boys. Interference with developmental progression occurred earlier in girls. Practically all of the children in this study showed various degrees of pathology at different times during the 5 years of the project. However, the effect of pathology on development was not obviously apparent or easily anticipated. Symptoms alone could be misleading; the same clinical picture had different meanings for different children depending on the impact on development.
"This Is Our Jerusalem": Early American Evangelical Localizations of the Hebraic Republic

This paper examines how evangelical pastors applied Protestant notions of a Hebraic Republic for their parishioners as America transitioned from a colonial frontier to a new republic. As the American constitutions took shape during and after the Revolution, many evangelical pastors argued that America emulated or was inspired by the Israelite polity as described by the Old Testament. America and its institutions thus became a reincarnated Hebraic Republic, a new “city on a hill”, and a new Jerusalem. Originally these pastors drew on a broader, global movement that was shaping republican attempts at reform in Europe, but as they localized the biblical model to their own particular experiences, they brought new meaning to it and exported the transformed model back out to the world.
Survival effects of physical activity on mortality among persons with liver disease.

Physical activity is protective of premature mortality and those with liver disease are at an increased risk of early mortality. It is thus plausible to suggest that physical activity may have survival benefits among those with liver disease, but this has yet to be investigated. In a national sample, we examine the prospective association of objectively-measured physical activity on all-cause mortality among those with liver disease. Data from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (with follow-up through 2011) were evaluated (analyzed in 2015). Physical activity was assessed via accelerometry over 7 days. Liver disease was assessed via self-report of physician diagnosis. Covariates included age, gender, race-ethnicity, serum cotinine, income-to-poverty ratio, C-reactive protein, cholesterol medication use, blood pressure medication use, alcohol behavior, self-reported liver disease status, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and comorbid illness. The sample included 162 adults who self-reported a physician-diagnosis of liver disease. The unweighted median follow-up period was 80.0 months (IQR = 68–91; SD = 18.0). In the sample, 12,815 person-months occurred with a mortality incidence rate of 1.09 deaths per 1000 person-months. After adjustments, for every 10 min/day increase in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), participants had an 89% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HRadjusted = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.02–0.47; P = 0.004). There was no evidence of moderation by alcohol behavior, ALT, GGT or Hepatitis C virus status. These findings demonstrate that modest increases in MVPA may have survival benefits among those with a self-reported liver condition.
Preparation of an α″-Fe16N2 Magnet via a Ball Milling and Shock Compaction Approach †

α″-Fe16N2 has been suggested as a promising candidate for future rare-earth-free magnets. In this paper, a unique technical route including a ball milling approach and shock compaction is experimentally demonstrated as a promising way to produce an α″-Fe16N2 magnet. Firstly, α″-Fe16N2 powder is prepared by ball milling, in which ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is adopted as a solid nitrogen source. The volume ratio of the α″-Fe16N2 phase reaches 70% after 60 h of milling with a ball mill rotation speed of 600 rpm in planetary mode. Its saturation magnetization (Ms) is 210 emu g–1 and the coercivity is 854 Oe at room temperature. After ball milling, shock compaction is used to compact the milled powder sample into a bulk magnet. Its magnetic properties and crystalline structure are characterized. Overall, the ball milling-based approach can be used to prepare α″-Fe16N2 magnets at an industrial production level.
Preparation of Al Coated Nb-Al Powder by the High Speed Impact Treatment Method and Some Properties of the Prepared Powder

Niobium aluminides are expected to be potentially structural materials for ultra-high temperature applications. We have fabricated Nb-Al powder into near net shape by injection molding process. In order to improve sinterability, surface modification of Nb-Al powder was carried out using the high speed impact treatment method. We got Nb-Al powder coated by Al layer with submicron thickness using surface-active agent. Mixing Al coated Nb-Al powder with organic binder was carried out. As few flaking of Al layer was observed, it was concluded that Al layer adhered to Nb-Al particle.
Effects observation of transurethral resection palliative surgery for advanced prostate cancer

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of palliative transurethral surgery in treatment of advanced prostate cancer due to urinary tract obstruction.Methods:46 cases patients with advanced prostate cancer with urinary tract obstruction were randomized into control group and observation group in our hospital,23 cases in each.Control group patients were given transurethral vaporization resection for treatment and the observation group were given the plasma treatement.The postoperative clinical effect of two groups were compared.Results:The SPSS 18.0 software and Chi-square test observation group than in the control group reached the international prostate symptom score(IPSS),Markov random field(MRF),prostate specific antigen(PSA) and residual urine were with relative(t=2.253 6,3.344 3,2.448 3,2.989 9,respectivrly,all P0.05),differences were significant.Observation group than in the control group,the control group in the operation time was(61.87±27.62) min,the observation group was(52.13±25.02) min,no significant difference;(t=1.011 6,P0.05) to compare the amount of bleeding in control group(93.71±37.45) ml The observation group was(50.53±24.57) ml(t=3.9742 P0.01);Surgery recovery time in the control group was(8.13±2.63)d,the observation group was(6.06±1.84) days(t=2.569 0,P0.05);The complications were group of 14 patients,2 patients in control group(χ2=13.80,P0.01),differences were significant,with statistical significance.Conclusion:Bipolar patients plasma is with less bleeding,easy recovery,and difficult to produce a significant advantage of postoperative complications,can effectively alleviate the suffering of patients with advanced prostate cancer,gain time for further endocrine therapy.
Determination of Arsenicin Foodstuffs by Microwave Digestion-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

The samples were treated by microwave digestion,and used thiourea-ascorbic acidpro-reducing agent,and the contents of As in the foodstuffs were determined by AFS.The condition of microwave digestion and analytical condition were optimized by orthogonal designing,The linear range of response was in the range from 2.0 to 20.0 ng/ml,correlative coefficient of linear regression equation was 0.999 5,the detection limit of this method was found to be 1.98 ng/ml,RSD`s found was 2.7% and the recoveries was in the range from 94.4% to 102.8%.
Current uses of ultrasound in obstetrics.

SUMMARY We have reviewed the current uses of ultrasound in obstetrics. The referring physician must have a clear understanding of the limitations and potential of obstetric ultrasound. The reason for requesting a particular examination should be conveyed to the ultrasonographer. Accurate dating of a particular pregnancy requires an early ultrasonic examination, preferably of the crown-rump length or at least serial BPD measurements so that the growth-adjusted sonographic age can be determined. Placental localization, if the cervical os is encroached upon, is often difficult and may require several scans during the development of the lower uterine segment. The evaluation of fetal growth and assessment of fetal well-being require an in-depth ultrasonic study. A systematic survey of each fetal organ system is necessary to rule out the plethora of anomalies that can now be demonstrated ultrasonically.
Sounding, Looking, and Meaning Different

The birth control pill has helped revolutionize family planning. Not only does it prevent unwanted pregnancy, but one of its active ingredients, progestin, is said to help prevent cancer of the ovaries and uterus. By the 1980s, however, the other active ingredient, estrogen, began to be suspected of causing breast cancer. This issue was researched by a Dutch oncologist, Dr. Michael Cohen, who, in conjunction with AMR Pharm Holland (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Applied Medical Research, Ltd. in the US), developed an estrogen-free contraceptive, which he called B-OVal. In it, estrogen was replaced with the hormone melatonin, secreted from the pineal gland of the brain, which plays an important role in the reproductive cycle of females. Melatonin inhibits the monthly cycle of lactation. Dr. Cohen’s theory was that when pregnancy does not occur, a residue of cells sometimes remains in the breast and can lead to cancer. His idea was that by substituting melatonin for estrogen, cancer development could be prevented.
Innovative computational tools and models for the design, optimization and control of carbon capture processes

Abstract The development and scale up of cost effective carbon capture processes is of paramount importance to enable the widespread deployment of these technologies to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The U.S. Department of Energy initiated the Carbon Capture Simulation Initiative (CCSI) in 2011 with the goal of developing a computational toolset that would enable industry to more effectively identify, design, scale up, operate, and optimize promising concepts (Miller et al., 2014). The CCSI Toolset consists of both multi-scale models as well as new computational tools. This paper focuses specifically on the PSE-related computational tools and models that provide new capabilities for integrating multi-scale models with advanced optimization, uncertainty quantification (UQ), and surrogate modeling techniques.
What is where: inferring containment relations from videos

In this paper, we present a probabilistic approach to explicitly infer containment relations between objects in 3D scenes. Given an input RGB-D video, our algorithm quantizes the perceptual space of a 3D scene by reasoning about containment relations over time. At each frame, we represent the containment relations in space by a containment graph, where each vertex represents an object and each edge represents a containment relation. We assume that human actions are the only cause that leads to containment relation changes over time, and classify human actions into four types of events: move-in, move-out, no-change and paranormal-change. Here, paranomal-change refers to the events that are physically infeasible, and thus are ruled out through reasoning. A dynamic programming algorithm is adopted to finding both the optimal sequence of containment relations across the video, and the containment relation changes between adjacent frames. We evaluate the proposed method on our dataset with 1326 video clips taken in 9 indoor scenes, including some challenging cases, such as heavy occlusions and diverse changes of containment relations. The experimental results demonstrate good performance on the dataset.
Tissue tropisms, infection kinetics, histologic lesions, and antibody response of the MR766 strain of Zika virus in a murine model

The appearance of severe Zika virus (ZIKV) disease in the most recent outbreak has prompted researchers to respond through the development of tools to quickly characterize transmission and pathology. We describe here another such tool, a mouse model of ZIKV infection and pathogenesis using the MR766 strain of virus that adds to the growing body of knowledge regarding ZIKV kinetics in small animal models. We infected mice with the MR766 strain of ZIKV to determine infection kinetics via serum viremia. We further evaluated infection-induced lesions via histopathology and visualized viral antigen via immunohistochemical labeling. We also investigated the antibody response of recovered animals to both the MR766 and a strain from the current outbreak (PRVABC59). We demonstrate that the IRF3/7 DKO mouse is a susceptible, mostly non-lethal model well suited for the study of infection kinetics, pathological progression, and antibody response. Infected mice presented lesions in tissues that have been associated with ZIKV infection in the human population, such as the eyes, male gonads, and central nervous system. In addition, we demonstrate that infection with the MR766 strain produces cross-neutralizing antibodies to the PRVABC59 strain of the Asian lineage. This model provides an additional tool for future studies into the transmission routes of ZIKV, as well as for the development of antivirals and other therapeutics, and should be included in the growing list of available tools for investigations of ZIKV infection and pathogenesis.
Incorporating changing duty cycles in CM-shuttle car matching using discrete event simulation: a case study

Ignoring changing duty cycles result in equipment mismatch which increases operating cost and misallocation of resources. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of changing duty cycles on the optimal shuttle car fleet size used to mine a particular panel width. A room and pillar mining system is modelled using discrete event simulation and validated using data from a real mine. Experimental analysis is conducted to evaluate the effect of ignoring changing duty cycle in a 17-entry coal panel. Changing duty cycle is accounted for by determining the optimal fleet size in defined segments within the panel. The study shows that, for the 17-entry panel studied, a fleet of four shuttle cars is optimal for the entire panel when changing duty cycle is not accounted. However, by accounting for changing duty cycle, a fleet size of four is only optimal for 80% of the defined segments.
Youth Disciplinary Identification During Participation in Contemporary Project-Based Science Investigations in School

Recent science educational policy reform efforts call for a shift toward practice-focused instruction in kindergarten–Grade 12 science education. We argue that this focus on engaging students in epistemic practices of science opens up new possibilities for the design of learning environments that support the stabilization of learners’ science-linked identities. Learning environments often assume that youth come to them without relevant identity resources to contribute or that the learning environment has no bearing on the disciplinary identification of individuals. We conducted this research while developing a year-long course to teach high school biology by engaging youth in interest-driven projects focused on contemporary topics. We explored how engaging youth in the epistemic practices of science in culturally expansive ways supported their science-linked identification. We propose a model grounded in social practice theory that describes aspects of students’ stabilization of disciplinary identities. W...
Crossing the threshold in introductory women’s and gender studies courses: An assessment of student learning

This article reports on a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) project in the introductory women’s and gender studies course, occasioned by a curricular redesign to focus the course on four threshold concepts within the field: the social construction of gender, privilege and oppression, intersectionality, and feminist praxis. The authors identify the metaphors students used to describe their learning, focus on the roles of metacognitive development and affective learning, and discuss the most difficult course concept for students: intersectionality.
Complete mitogenome sequences of smooth hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna zygaena, from the eastern and western Atlantic.

We report the first mitogenome sequences of the circumglobally distributed, highly mobile, smooth hammerhead shark, Sphyrna zygaena, from the eastern and western Atlantic. Both genomes were 16,729 bp long with 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs and a non-coding control region. The two Atlantic shark sequences differ from each other by 13 SNPs, and by 43 and 44 SNPs from the published mitogenome of an S. zygaena specimen from the eastern Pacific Ocean. The cross-Atlantic mitogenome sequences reported here provide a resource to assist with population genetics studies of this widely exploited species of conservation concern.
Abstract 11150: Preoperative Angiographically-Determined Coronary Artery Disease Provides Independent and Complementary Prediction for Atherothrombotic Events After Lung Transplantation

Background: Coronary angiography is routinely performed in lung transplant candidates. The objective of this study is to examine predictive value of pretransplant angiographically-determined coronary artery disease (CAD) for atherothrombotic events (AEs) after lung transplantation. Methods: Consecutive isolated lung transplant recipients from 2008 to 2013 in our institution were identified. Significant CAD was defined as presence of ≥ 50% coronary stenosis in at least one artery or history of coronary revascularization. AEs were coronary events (revascularization, myocardial infarction), stroke/TIA, peripheral artery events (abdominal aortic aneurysm, limb ischemia, stenting). Results: The study comprised of 280 patients with mean age of 60 ± 10 years. Sixty two percent were male. Primary lung pathologies were 29.6% obstructive, 1.8% vascular, 1.4% cystic fibrosis and 67.1% restrictive lung diseases. Prevalence of significant CAD was 17% (48/280). Median follow up was 2.1 years. AEs occurred in 5.7% (16/280) comprising of 25% (4/14) coronary events, 56% (9/16) stroke/TIA, 19% (3/16) peripheral artery events. Patients with significant CAD had higher annualized rate of AEs than those without (11.9% VS 0.6%; p Conclusion: Angiographically-determined CAD provides independent and complimentary prediction for AEs in lung transplantation. Our findings support important role of pretransplant coronary angiography since it could help identifying those whom earlier aggressive risk factor modification may be beneficial.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Teaching Obesity Management to Medical Students

Introduction The need for education of future and current providers in evidence-based management of obesity and the release of new treatment guidelines prompted the development of a resource for us...
The Manchester Military Academy Weight Room: A Cult within a Cult

Through analysis of behavioral patterns such as language and social norms, this ethnographic study explores the role of masculinity in a unique culture, the weight room, within an exclusive environment: a military school. The findings come from numerous interviews, both formal and informal, hours of observation, and the use of a double-entry journal. This study reveals a masculine, military cultural group’s attitudes about gender as it relates to exercise. These attitudes significantly relate to broader cultural themes at the military institution and offer a revealing look at how a cult of masculinity undergirds day-to day life there.
Robust Stabilization and Disturbance Attenuation of Switched Linear Parameter-Varying Systems in Discrete Time

Nonconservative analysis of discrete-time switched linear parameter-varying systems is achieved via switching path-dependent Lyapunov and Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov inequalities. Exact convex conditions for the synthesis of a class of state-feedback controllers are then expressed in terms of nested unions of linear matrix inequalities. The resulting controllers are robust in the sense that their coefficients depend solely on a finite number of the most recent past modes and parameters, but not on the current mode or parameter.
Introduction to Network Reliability in Practice

The International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability (INSTR) brings together researchers and professionals interested in transportation network reliability to discuss both recent research and future directions in this increasingly important field of research. The reliability of transportation networks took center stage as an issue with the sudden collapse of the I-35W Mississippi River Bridge in Minneapolis on August 1, 2007. This occurred just several weeks after the Third International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability (INSTR) was held in Delft, where the location for the fourth INSTR in 2010 in Minneapolis had been approved.
Using Concept Maps in Teacher Education: Building Connections Among Multiple Mathematical Knowledge Bases and Assessing Mathematical Understanding

A role of teacher education programs is to provide support for prospective teachers to develop professional skills that are specific to and required for teaching. Mathematics teacher educators may provide opportunities for prospective teachers to recognize and validate children’s many ways of knowing mathematics, which is especially powerful for addressing the needs of students who are marginalized in mathematics classrooms. This study investigates how 20 prospective elementary teachers in a mathematics methods course made connections among children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases in their thinking about assessing children’s understanding of fractions. This paper focuses on using concept-mapping tasks as a research tool and a pedagogical tool in supporting prospective teachers in addressing the needs of marginalized students through building stronger connections among concepts related to children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases, teaching practices, and mathematics content. Findings suggest that prospective teachers made more connections to children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases in their end of semester concept maps; however, these connections used more general language than specific examples of children’s multiple mathematical knowledge bases. One potential entry point to better support these connections involves emphasizing high-level tasks as a concept related to teaching practices that connects to both children’s mathematical thinking and children’s lives and experiences. Considerations and implications for teacher education include a focus on the role of assessment to serve the needs of all students, especially those who have been historically marginalized in the mathematics classroom, and explicit attention to whose multiple mathematical knowledge bases are represented in concept maps.
Haploinsufficiency of Dnmt1 Impairs Leukemia Stem Cell Function Through Derepression of Bivalent Chromatin Domains

Abstract Abstract 3459 Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are an attractive target in treatment of many types of blood cancers. There remains an incomplete understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms driving LSC formation and maintenance, and how this compares to the epigenetic regulation of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). One of the major epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation, is catalyzed by the DNA methyltransferase enzymes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. We observed decreased expression of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in LSCs isolated from a model of MLL-AF9-induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to normal HSCs. In contrast, expression of Dnmt1 was maintained in LSCs compared to HSCs, suggesting that Dnmt1 may have a critical function in the formation and maintenance of LSCs. Supporting this hypothesis, we found that conditional knockout of Dnmt1 fully ablates the development of AML. Furthermore, haploinsufficiency of Dnmt1 (Dnmt1fl/+ Mx-Cre) was sufficient to delay progression of leukemogenesis and impair LSC self-renewal. Strikingly, haploinsufficiency of Dnmt1 did not functionally alter normal hematopoiesis or HSCs, suggesting an enhanced dependence of LSCs on DNA methylation. Mechanistically, we observed that haploinsufficiency of Dnmt1 in LSCs resulted in derepression of genes that had been silenced by MLL-AF9-mediated transformation and marked by bivalent H3K27me3/H3K4me3 chromatin domains. These results suggest that the formation and maintenance of LSCs depends not only upon activation of a leukemogenic program, but also upon silencing of a specific gene signature that is active in HSCs through crosstalk between two epigenetic mechanisms, polycomb-mediated repression and DNA methylation-mediated repression. This silenced gene signature includes known and candidate tumor suppressor genes as well as genes involved in lineage restriction. These studies present evidence that distinct epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are dominant in LSCs compared to HSCs and provide novel gene candidates for targeted reactivation in AML therapy. Disclosures: Armstrong: Epizyme: Consultancy.
CLCA2 expression is associated with survival among African American women with triple negative breast cancer.

Purpose Black/African American (AA) women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to whites, an aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with poor prognosis. There are no routinely used targeted clinical therapies for TNBC; thus there is a clear need to identify prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Methods We evaluated expression of 27,016 genes in 155 treatment-naive TN tumors from AA women in Detroit. Associations with survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for stage and age at diagnosis, and p-values were corrected using a false discovery rate. Our validation sample consisted of 494 TN tumors using four publically available data sets. Meta-analyses were performed using summary statistics from the four validation results. Results In the Detroit AA cohort, CLCA2 [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.86, nominal p = 5.1x10-7, FDR p = 0.014], SPIC [HR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.26–1.73, nominal p = 1.8x10-6, FDR p = 0.022], and MIR4311 [HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.31–1.92, nominal p = 2.5x10-5, FDR p = 0.022] expression were associated with overall survival. Further adjustment for treatment and breast cancer specific survival analysis did not substantially alter effect estimates. CLCA2 was also associated with increased risk of death in the validation cohorts [HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24, p = 0.038, p-heterogeneity = 0.88]. Conclusions We identified CLCA2 as a potential prognostic marker for TNBC in AA women.
8 – Specification Error

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an analysis of specification error, which relates to a rhetorical strategy in which one suggests a model as the true one for sake of argument, determine how the working model differs from it and what the consequences of the difference(s) are, and thereby get some sense of how important the mistakes one will inevitably make may be. It is important to realize that specification error may have diverse effects, according to where it occurs. Hence, it is not enough for a skeptical critic to say, “The model is improperly specified, hence the estimates of structural coefficients are biased.” He must, on the contrary, bytaking the role of critic, propose a new, true model that shows just wherein the initial model errs, and then compare the two to infer as much as possible about the consequences of the specification error.
Performance enhancement of cantilever piezoelectric energy harvesters by sizing analysis

This paper presents the results of the performance of piezoelectric cantilever beams in relation to their size. The total produced power represents the main indicator of performance of a piezoelect...
In situ microstructural evolution in face-centered and body-centered cubic complex concentrated solid-solution alloys under heavy ion irradiation

Abstract This study characterizes the microstructural evolution of single-phase complex concentrated solid-solution alloy (CSA) compositions under heavy ion irradiation with the goal of evaluating mechanisms for CSA radiation tolerance in advanced fission systems. Three such alloys, Cr18Fe27Mn27Ni28, Cr15Fe35Mn15Ni35, and equimolar NbTaTiV, along with reference materials (pure Ni and E90 for the CrFeMnNi family and pure V for NbTaTiV) were irradiated at 50 K and 773 K with 1 MeV Kr++ ions to various levels of displacements per atom (dpa) using in-situ transmission electron microscopy. Cryogenic irradiation resulted in small defect clusters and faulted dislocation loops as large as 12 nm in face-centered cubic (FCC) CSAs. With thermal diffusion suppressed at cryogenic temperatures, defect densities were lower in all CSAs than in their less compositionally complex reference materials indicating that point defect production is reduced during the displacement cascade stage. High temperature irradiation of the two FCC CSA resulted in the formation of interstitial dislocation loops which by 2 dpa grew to an average size of 27 nm in Cr18Fe27Mn27Ni28 and 10 nm in Cr15Fe35Mn15Ni35. This difference in loop growth kinetics was attributed to the difference in Mn-content due to its effect on the nucleation rate by increasing vacancy mobility or reducing the stacking-fault energy.
Moving Along: An Exploratory Study of Homeless Women with Children Using a Transitional Housing Program

The increase in the number of women and children who are homeless, particularly in the last fifteen years, has generated the innovation of shelters that combine longer term housing arrangements and social services. These organizations are usually called transitional housing, intended to assist this population toward the economic goal of self-sufficiency. The impact and success of this strategy is often debated. However, there has been scant research investigating how residents of this setting use skills and resources to secure housing outcomes and community re-integration. Through multiple in-depth interviews and other qualitative data collecting strategies, a conceptual model is presented which offers an initial understanding of this rehousing process
Rationale for Randomized Clinical Trials Investigating the Potential of BCG Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19 Infection

Despite the implementation of mitigation measures, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still spreading worldwide, and has caused more than 1 million deaths so far. Although recent reports indicate that three vaccine candidates are effective against SARS-CoV-2, more time is needed to generate enough doses for the general population. Meanwhile, frontline healthcare workers are at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. To avoid collapse of the medical care system, there is a need to develop novel approaches to limit SARS-CoV-2 spread. Through a process called trained immunity, the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine boosts the action of innate immune cells, resulting in a nonspecific reduction in the incidence of viral infections. Due to this immunomodulatory action, the BCG vaccine is currently used as a therapeutic in bladder cancer. Data collected from epidemiological and observational studies indicate that BCG vaccination might provide protection against COVID-19. While these observations do not provide evidence of causality and are limited by cofounding and intrinsic biases, it is crucial to explore the hypothesis that BCG vaccination may provide a nonspecific innate immune boost and therefore protect against COVID-19 in randomized controlled clinical trials, particularly for people at higher risk of developing COVID-19, such as frontline healthcare workers.
Mixed-methods trial of a phosphatidylethanol-based contingency management intervention to initiate and maintain alcohol abstinence in formerly homeless adults with alcohol use disorders

Abstract Background Contingency management (CM) is an intervention where incentives are provided in exchange for biochemically confirmed alcohol abstinence. CM is effective at initiating alcohol abstinence, but it is less effective at maintaining long-term abstinence. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth), collected via a finger-stick, can detect alcohol use for 14–28 days. PEth allows for the development of a CM model that includes increasingly less frequent monitoring of abstinence to assist high risk groups, such as formerly homeless individuals, maintain long-term abstinence. Aims Investigate whether PEth-based CM intervention targeting alcohol abstinence in formerly homeless, currently housed individuals with alcohol use disorders is: (1) acceptable and feasible for housing program tenants and personnel; and is associated with increased (2) alcohol abstinence and (3) housing tenure. Methods Acceptability and feasibility will be assessed using a QUAL+quant mixed-methods design using qualitative interviews and quantitative measures of satisfaction and attrition. Effectiveness will be evaluated through a randomized pilot trial of 50 study participants who will receive 6 months of either treatment as usual (TAU) including incentives (e.g., gift cards) for providing blood samples (Control Condition) or TAU and incentives for negative PEth results (PEth-CM Condition). Outcomes will be assessed during the intervention and at a three-month follow-up visit. The trial will be conducted via telehealth as a result of COVID-19. Discussion This protocol seeks to utilize a novel alcohol biomarker to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and initial effectiveness of a CM model that encourages long-term abstinence in a high-risk group.
Preschoolers’ acquisition of producer-product metonymy

Abstract Many words carry multiple distinct but related senses. For example, a producer’s name (e.g., Picasso) can be metonymically extended to label products (e.g., Picasso’s paintings) but rarely refer to other associated items (e.g., Picasso’s paintbrushes). We test whether item-based linguistic experience is necessary for children’s acquisition of semantic generalizations. In Experiment 1, we present 4- to 5-year-olds, 8- to 9-year-olds, and adults with scenarios involving novel and conventional artists’ names (e.g., Dax or Picasso) and a metonymic extension of the name that could refer to either artists’ products or tools. We find that the tendency to choose the product as the metonymic referent is present in 4- and 5-year-olds, increases with age, and is stronger for conventional, as opposed to novel, names. In follow-up experiments, we replicate 4- and 5-year-olds’ tendency to choose the product as the metonymic referent, when the metonyms are conventional artists’ names (e.g., Picasso), multi-syllabic novel names (e.g., Zazapa), familiar names (e.g., Smith), and conventional names that are rarely, if ever, used metonymically (e.g., Mandela). We also show that preschoolers do not possess explicit knowledge of conventional artists. Overall, these findings suggest that young children acquire producer-product metonymy without much, if any, prior experience with producers’ names. We discuss the implications of these findings for conceptual and usage-based accounts of the acquisition of semantic generalizations.
A Potential New BNCT Agent

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary approach to cancer therapy.1 In this protocol, boron-10 is delivered to the tumor tissue, and upon irradiation with thermal neutrons, cytotoxic α-particles and high energy lithium-7 ions are produced. The linear energy transfer (LET) of these heavy charged particles (which is on the order of one cell diameter) makes them lethal to the boron-containing cells. The success of this protocol is dependent upon the selective delivery of a sufficient quantity of boron-10 to the tumor tissues (10–30μg boron-10/g of tumor with tumor to normal tissue ratio of 3:1). While various carrier molecules are under investigation as potential boron-delivery agents, the only drug currently in clinical trials in the United States is a boron-containing amino acid,2 4-dihydroxyborylphenylalanine (BPA).
Shield Optimization in Simple Geometry for the Gateway Concept

The great cost of added radiation shielding is a potential limiting factor in many deep space missions. For this enabling technology, we are developing tools for optimized shield design over multi-segmented missions involving multiple work and living areas in the transport and duty phase of various space missions. The total shield mass over all pieces of equipment and habitats is optimized subject to career dose and dose rate constraints. Preliminary studies of deep space missions indicate that for long duration space missions, improved shield materials will be required. The details of this new method and its impact on space missions and other technologies will be discussed. This study will provide a vital tool for evaluating Gateway designs in their usage context. Providing protection against the hazards of space radiation is one of the challenges to the Gateway infrastructure designs. We will use the mission optimization software to scope the impact of Gateway operations on human exposures and the effectiveness of alternate shielding materials on Gateway infrastructure designs. This study will provide a guide to the effectiveness of multifunctional materials in preparation to more detailed geometry studies in progress.
Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena 22. (1) synthesis and characterization of optically pure [3H](+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S, 5R)-4-propyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N, N-diethylbenzamide, [3H]SNC 121, a novel high affinity and selective ligand for delta opioid receptors

The synthesis of unlabelled and labelled SNC 121, a selective nonpeptide ligand for the delta opioid receptor is reported. [ 3 H]SNC 121 of specific activity of 26.8 Ci/mmol, was synthesized by catalytic tritiation of the optically pure precursor SNC 80.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the kidney

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are rare in the genitourinary organs, with few reports of occurrence in the kidney. We describe a patient with a renal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, discovered after excision of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath scalp lesion, with additional masses in the lung and shoulder on metastatic evaluation. This patient underwent neoadjuvant intravenous doxorubicin therapy, followed by surgical resection of the scalp, lung and shoulder lesions in addition to a radical nephrectomy.
Effect of Boundary Layers on Solid Walls "in Three-Dimensional Subsonic Wind Tunnels in Three-Dimensional Subsonic Wind Tunnels

A solution for the solid blockage and lift interference caused by the boundary layers on solid walls in subsonic wind tunnels is presented. This solution results from a linear treatment similar to that for wind tunnels ventilated with longitudinal slots. The dynamics of the boundary layer is modeled with the von Karman momentumintegral equation. The analysis leads to a viscous boundary condition which is a linear function of the inviscid velocity potential and enters the solution only as a change in boundary condition for the inviscid solution. The wall boundary layer primarily affects the solid blockage and streamline curvature interference factors, with the viscous layer reducing solid blockage in a manner similar to opening longitudinal slots in the walls.
Molecular cloning and expression of a unique rabbit osteoclastic phosphotyrosyl phosphatase.

Tyrosyl phosphorylation plays an important regulatory role in osteoclast formation and activity. Phosphotyrosyl phosphatases (PTPs), in addition to tyrosyl kinases, are key determinants of intracellular tyrosyl phosphorylation levels. To identify the PTP that might play an important regulatory role in osteoclasts, we sought to clone an osteoclast-specific PTP. A putative full-length clone encoding a unique PTP (referred to as PTP-oc) was isolated from a 10-day-old rabbit osteoclastic cDNA library and sequenced. A single open reading frame predicts a protein with 405 amino acid residues containing a putative extracellular domain, a single transmembrane region, and an intracellular portion. PTP-oc is structurally unique in that, unlike most known transmembrane PTPs, it has a short extracellular region (eight residues), lacks a signal peptide proximal to the N-terminus, and contains only a single ‘PTP catalytic domain’. The PTP catalytic domain shows 45–50% sequence identity with the catalytic domain of human HPTPβ and with the first catalytic domain of LCA. The PTP-oc gene exists as a single copy in the rabbit genome. The corresponding mRNA (3.8 kb) is expressed in osteoclasts but not in other bone-derived cells (e.g. osteoblasts and stromal cells). The 3.8 kb PTP-oc mRNA transcript was also expressed in the rabbit brain, kidney and spleen. However, the brain and kidney, but not osteoclasts or spleen, also expressed a larger transcript (6.5 kb). The PTP catalytic domain of PTP-oc was expressed as a GST–cPTP-oc fusion protein. In vitro phosphatase assays indicated that the purified fusion protein exhibited phosphatase activities at neutral pH values toward p -nitrophenyl phosphate, phosphotyrosyl Raytide, and phosphotyrosyl histone, whereas it had no appreciable activity toward phosphoseryl casein. In summary, we have: (a) cloned and sequenced the putative full-length cDNA of a unique PTP (PTP-oc) from rabbit osteoclasts; (b) shown that the mature 3.8 kb PTP-oc mRNA was expressed primarily in osteoclasts and the spleen; and (c) shown that the PTP-oc fusion protein exhibited a phosphotyrosine-specific phosphatase activity. In conclusion, PTP-oc represents a structurally unique subfamily of transmembrane PTPs.
Mechanisms of pyrolysis of polysaccharides: Cellobiitol as a model for cellulose

Abstract The pyrolysis of cellobiitol has been studied as a model for cellulose. The products were determined from pyrolysis at 350° in vacuo and at 350° and at 171° at atmospheric pressure. In vacuo , a 32% yield of 1,6-anhydro-β- d -glucopyranose (levoglucosan, 5 ) and a 70% yield of d -glucitol and its anhydrides were obtained, but under atmospheric pressure these yields were much lower. A mechanism is postulated in which the first step in the pyrolysis is a heterolytic scission of the glucosidic linkage to produce a glucosyl cation and a glucitol anion. The former yields the volatile levoglucosan by intramolecular attack of O-6 on the C-1 cation and this reaction is favored in vacuo because of the resultant efficient removal of 5 . The gluticol is obtained predominantly as anhydrides, which are volatile in the vacuum pyrolysis. Lower temperature (171°) pyrolysis gave no 5 . The glucosyl cation under such conditions is believed to undergo intermolecular nucleophilic substitution with hydroxyl groups from unreacted starting material and from glucitol to produce oligosaccharides.