cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aspects of surface membrane differentiation during maturation of human hematopoietic and tumor cells: the Ia system.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the evidence for the presence of Ia antigens on normal and malignant hematopoietic cells and their role as a surface marker related to differentiation events. It also discusses the occurrence of Ia antigens on certain solid tumors such as malignant melanoma. Ia antigens are selectively distributed as dominant glycoproteins on a limited number of cells. They are restricted both to certain cell lineages and to particular stages of differentiation within the cell series. Yet, at least in the T and B lymphocytes, Ia antigens can be induced with appropriate stimulation and their expression appears to be under flexible control. The period in the differentiation sequence in marrow cells when the Ia antigens are a dominant membrane component is the time when the maximal control of proliferation would be anticipated to occur, suggesting a role for the Ia antigens in this process. This raises the question of interesting parallels between the aspects of the immune response and events in the early stages of hematopoiesis.
The Ecology of Future International Politics

The prediction of future world events is frequently an exercise in political sociology. Or perhaps more accurately, it is a problem in political ecology, one concerned with the relationship between the political system and its social and physical environment. A statement that nothing will change over the next few decades would hardly be credible, and anyway it would be boring. On the other hand, to quote one of my favorite books on prediction, "If a man predicts large but not very large changes, the public will regard him as a man of imagination; but if he predicts extremely large changes, his audience will replace imagination by phantasy."' I would like, in this paper, to avoid both extremes. In any case, my recent menus have offered neither sheep livers nor chicken entrails, so I am unable to engage in prophecy. I will not attempt to foretell a specific event on a specific occasion, nor to paint a detailed picture of a particular political future. But I am a restrained believer in the outlook aptly labelled by Charles Burton Marshall as "the limits of foreign policy."2 Without getting into the determinist-free will debate-which in the still youthful state of our sciences is
Prediction on the incidence of Hepatitis B in Beijing(2009—2011)

Objective To analyz e the epidemiological trend of hepatitis B and predict the incidence rate by mathematical model.Methods Based on the incidence data from 1991 to 2008,11 kinds of models were fitted to predict the incidence in 2009-2011 by SPSS 15.0.Results "CUB" model was better one(according to R square,value F and P) to predict the incidence of hepatitis B.The predicted incidence rates(1/100 000) were 43.27,42.93 and 41.53 from 2009 to 2011.Conclusion It is suggested that the incidence rate of hepatitis B in Beijing will show steady-going or decreasing.The hepatitis B control and prevention should be continuously emphasized in the future.
Flow Simulation of Attitude-Changeable Lubrication System

This paper introduces a research on the flow performance of lubrication system in some drive devices whose spatial attitude is variable taking the main reducer of V-22 tilt-rotor as an example This paper initially discusses the theoretical physical model of lubrication system and the mathematical models of main components,on basis of which the simulation network is set-up in FLOW-MASTER.Then the steady and transient simulation is run to obtain the results of each node(or component) in lubrication systems.These results are analyzed precisely after simulation,and they are testified to accord with the situations of a real lubrication system.
Wind Vibration Response Finite Element Analysis of Single Tube Tower Based on Fluid-structure Coupling

For getting more accurate wind vibration response of tower structure,it tries to make use of fluid-structure coupling of wind power station and tower structure for establishing fluid-structure coupling control equation and studies on wind vibration response finite element analysis of single tube tower based on fluid-structure coupling.The result indicates that fluid-structure coupling technology is suitable for wind vibration analysis on tower structure and simulating wind vibration response schedule of structure intuitively.
Antithrombin Activation and Designing Novel Heparin Mimics

Publisher Summary Antithrombin is a plasma glycoprotein that inhibits several enzymes of the coagulation cascade, thereby functioning as a principal anticoagulant agent. The central role of antithrombin has resulted in 18 crystal structures, in which the inhibitor is present either alone or in complex with other molecules. Interestingly, each reported crystal structure is a dimer containing antithrombin in either the inhibitory, cleaved, or latent form. The allosteric activation of antithrombin, also called the conformational activation mechanism, is an important mechanism that enhances the rate of inhibition of fXa and fIXa. Binding of calcium ions to the Gla domain of both fIXa and fXa results in the release of the positively charged exosite on the proteinase, thus facilitating ternary complex formation with full-length heparin (HP). The HP-binding domain in antithrombin is formed by positively charged residues of helices A and D, and the polypeptide N-terminus. Both fXa and thrombin contain electropositive domains called exosites, which bind HP.
Important Biological Knowledge for Management of Cooley's Meadowrue (Thalictrum cooleyi), a Federally Endangered Endemic of Pine Savannas

ABSTRACT Thalictrum cooleyi (Cooley's meadowrue, Ranunculaceae) is a federally endangered dioecious herb of wet pine savannas of the southeastern United States. We studied aspects of T. cooleyi biology crucial to conservation including its association with woody species, reproduction, and genetic structure in 11 populations in North Carolina and Georgia. Thalictrum cooleyi presence was negatively associated with canopy closure, but positively associated with shrub cover, including wax myrtle Morella cerifera. Deviations from strict dioecy are uncommon in T. cooleyi. Sex ratios differed significantly from 1:1, but despite male-bias in populations, pollen supplementation experiments found evidence for pollen limitation to seed set. Seeds are dormant at maturity. Cold stratification or gibberellic acid can break dormancy. Warm temperatures followed by cold stratification may increase germinability. Germination rates were low, likely due to low seed viability. Thalictrum cooleyi can be propagated vegetatively...
Species delimitation and phylogeography of the studfish Fundulus catenatus species group (Ovalentaria: Cyprinodontiformes)

The Central Highlands of North America have an old and complex geological and biological history, with extensive unexplored cryptic diversity. We examined the species limits of the Fundulus catenatus species group (F. catenatus, Fundulus bifax, and Fundulus stellifer) using two phylogenetic approaches. Fundulus catenatus was densely sampled from five geographically disjunct regions across the eastern USA. We sequenced four nuclear introns and used species tree analyses and two species delimitation methods to determine historical relationships and investigate species diversity within the group. Both methods strongly supported the presence of two reciprocally monophyletic species within F. catenatus. Species tree analysis of four nuclear introns (stx5a, ncl1, rpsa, and rps3) from the F. catenatus species group (including a tip for F. sp. cf. catenatus) recovered the two Mobile Basin species as sister to a strongly supported clade of F. catenatus and F. sp. cf. catenatus. Cytochrome b sequences were used in phylogeographical analyses of the two putative species. In one species we identified signatures of population expansion whereas the other exhibited genetic structure consistent with isolation of populations.
Surfactant-induced flow compromises determination of air-water interfacial areas by surfactant miscible-displacement.

Abstract Surfactant miscible-displacement (SMD) column experiments are used to measure air-water interfacial area (AI) in unsaturated porous media, a property that influences solute transport and phase-partitioning. The conventional SMD experiment results in surface tension gradients that can cause water redistribution and/or net drainage of water from the system (“surfactant-induced flow”), violating theoretical foundations of the method. Nevertheless, the SMD technique is still used, and some suggest that experimental observations of surfactant-induced flow represent an artifact of improper control of boundary conditions. In this work, we used numerical modeling, for which boundary conditions can be perfectly controlled, to evaluate this suggestion. We also examined the magnitude of surfactant-induced flow and its impact on AI measurement during multiple SMD flow scenarios. Simulations of the conventional SMD experiment showed substantial surfactant-induced flow and consequent drainage of water from the column (e.g., from 75% to 55% SW) and increases in actual AI of up to 43%. Neither horizontal column orientation nor alternative boundary conditions resolved surfactant-induced flow issues. Even for simulated flow scenarios that avoided surfactant-induced drainage of the column, substantial surfactant-induced internal water redistribution occurred and was sufficient to alter surfactant transport, resulting in up to 23% overestimation of AI. Depending on the specific simulated flow scenario and data analysis assumptions used, estimated AI varied by nearly 40% and deviated up to 36% from the system's initial AI. We recommend methods for AI determination that avoid generation of surface-tension gradients and urge caution when relying on absolute AI values measured via SMD.
Bioprosthetic mitral valve paravalvular leak closure using intracardiac echocardiography-guided three dimensional electroanatomic mapping

The development of paravalvular leak (PVL) following surgical replacement of an aortic or mitral valve is an uncommon complication with significant morbidity and mortality. Surgical or percutaneous repair of PVL can be technically challenging. We describe the application of intracardiac echocardiography guided 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping to facilitate PVL closure in a symptomatic patient with a previously placed bioprosthetic mitral valve. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
X-ray Diffraction and the Structure of Marine Natural Products

While the success of X-ray diffraction in the elucidation of molecular structure is well known to natural products chemists, the physical principles responsible for this success appear to be only dimly perceived. Various idiosyncratic views range from disgust at an approach that smacks of cheating to contentment with an expeditious way to secure structures. In spite of this wide range of relatively uninformed views, a single-crystal X-ray analysis is taken as the ultimate measure of molecular structure. Why should this be the case?
Hemifacial spasm. Results of unilateral myectomy.

Abstract Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a disorder characterized by unilateral involuntary spasm of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). The etiology is often a redundant or ectatic artery in the cerebellopontine angle that compresses the facial nerve. Neurosurgical decompression with implantation of a sponge between the ectatic artery and the facial nerve produces good results, but has a high complication rate and a poor patient acceptance rate. Various modes of peripheral neurectomy have also been advocated, but the recurrence rate is high and the preexisting functional and cosmetic eyelid deformities are exacerbated. The results of unilateral periorbital myectomy in 21 HFS patients are presented. Follow-up ranging from 1 to 7 years was available on 16 patients. Excellent or good resuls were obtained in 94% of these cases, and postoperative complications were minor. Transient lymphedema and forehead anesthesia are the most common complications. An unforseen benefit of periorbital myectomy surgery is the improvement or relief of lower facial contractions that occurred in 75% of patients. The authors believe the myectomy procedure is a safe, effective, predictable therapy for those HFS patients unwilling to risk a neurosurgical operation, and allows simultaneous reconstruction of associated eyelid and eyebrow deformities.
Fundamental mechanism behind volatile and non-volatile switching in metallic conducting bridge RAM

We establish an active electrode (AE) selection criterion for volatile and non-volatile switching in metallic conducting bridge (CB) RAM, relevant to cross-point selector and memory applications. Using first principle calculations, we show that: (a) volatile versus non-volatile switching is determined by the energy difference A between the cluster configuration of the AE atoms in the high-resistance (HRS) state, and the filament configuration of the AE atoms in the low-resistance (LRS) state; volatile switching is achieved when A is large, whereas the system will exhibit non-volatile behavior when A ∼ 0; (b) the maximum LRS (ON-state) current, Imax that can be delivered while sustaining volatile (selector) operation is proportional to the magnitude of A for the AE. Using molecular dynamical (MD) + NEGF transport simulations, supported by experiments, we confirm the volatile (selector) switching characteristics of Ag/HfO2/Pt, and the non-volatile (memory) switching characteristics of Co/HfO2/Pt, as predicted by our criterion; the corresponding temporal characteristics are also evaluated. Finally, we calculate the expected switching characteristics for various active electrodes (AEs), showing excellent agreement with experimental results. Our findings enable the design of CBRAM-based selectors and memory with the required switching properties.
Julia Cherry Spruill, Historian of Southern Colonial Women

Most famous for her 1938 book, Women’s Life and Work in the Southern Colonies, Julia Cherry Spruill’s research anticipated the methods and interests of later feminist and social historians. From her youth, Spruill defied convention, promoting women’s rights and standing out academically. Yet, although her intellectual abilities were recognized—she was awarded both academic prizes and research funding, and obtained an MA degree at the University of North Carolina—she never held more than a part-time academic position. In her later life, she focused primarily on her domestic role, apparently accepting the conventional values of her region. Decades later, the innovativeness of her research was rediscovered. Spruill had developed a detailed analysis of ordinary women’s lives during the colonial period, utilizing painstaking investigation into unusual sources. Her work revealed many new aspects of colonial women’s experiences, and demonstrated that women had participated in public life in hitherto unexpected ways. Her book became a model and a source of insight for later historians investigating under-researched groups. It is still assigned in college classes, and is today considered a classic of historical analysis.
The use of modified GFP as a reporter for metabolic activity in Pseudomonas putida

Many bacteria are now known to enter into a “viable but nonculturable” (VBNC) state in response to various environmental stresses. In this state, the cells are no longer culturable on routine media, but retain viability and in many cases have been shown to be capable of resuscitating to the metabolically active and culturable state. There have been no simple means of measuring the metabolic activity of cells in the VBNC state. The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants with short half-lives was examined in cells intended for environmental release to examine the potential of GFP as a reporter of metabolic activity. Unlike strains with the native (stable) GFP, Pseudomonas putida strains tagged with unstable GFP rapidly lost GFP fluorescence following exposure to starvation and VBNC-inducing conditions. Our results suggest that tagging cells with the modified GFP provides a method for determining metabolic activity in these cells.
Problem Limitations and Cost Effectiveness Considerations in Computational Quantum Chemistry

The computational demands of quantum chemistry have historically outpaced the capabilities of digital computer systems since the introduction of such systems nearly forty years ago. This situation has prevailed despite an essentially astronomic growth in hardware and software capacities. It demonstrates critical limitations in solving theoretical chemistry problems and reflects the clear need for the theoretical chemistry community to obtain the most cost effective computational resources.
Towards an Understanding of Informal Care Networks of Persons with Dementia: Perceptions of Primary Caregivers:

IntroductionAlthough an understanding of the patient work system has been increasing in the field of Ergonomics and Human Factors, the role of informal caregivers (unpaid, nonprofessional caregiver...
Linguistic Classification: The Persistent Challenge of the Langues d’oïl

This chapter will scrutinise how dictionaries and encyclopaedias reveal French language ideology through their definitions of “language”, “dialect” and “patois”. First, the Langues d’oil, due to their linguistic and territorial proximity to French and Paris, must continue to work to convince the national administration and even their speakers that they are separate languages from French. A second point of analysis is a branch of the Occitan Movement in the south which has opposed the recognition of the Langues d’oil as separate languages as it would undermine the goal of unifying the Occitan dialects as one language. This study shows the type of implications language classification and disputes on linguistic terminology can have on programmes of language revitalisation at both the national and regional levels.
Differences in Career Satisfaction, Work–life Balance, and Stress by Gender in a National Survey of Pharmacy Faculty:

IntroductionThe percentage of women pharmacy students and pharmacy faculty has greatly increased over the last 40 years. However, it is not known whether gender differences exist in terms of career...
Ising model as Wilson-Majorana fermions

Abstract We show the equivalence of the 2D Ising model to standard free Euclidean lattice fermions of the Wilson Majorana type. The equality of the loop representations for the partition functions of both systems is established exactly for finite lattices with well-defined boundary conditions. The honeycomb lattice is particularly simple in this context and therefore discussed first and only then followed by the more familiar square lattice case.
SEDAN: Security-Aware Design of Time-Critical Automotive Networks

The increasing number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in today's vehicles and their greater connectivity with the outside environment has made vehicles more vulnerable to security attacks. Integrating security mechanisms in ECUs has become essential, but incurs overheads, which can delay safety-critical task execution and message transfers. In this work, we introduce a methodology to derive security requirements for tasks and messages in automotive systems based on the ISO 26262 standard. We then propose a framework ( SEDAN ) to increase the security of the system without violating the real-time constraints and security requirements of messages, or ECU utilization limits.
How could the basal ganglia control sleep

Disorders affecting basal ganglia function, such as Parkinson disease, are commonly associated with sleep disturbances, including insomnia. However, the involvement of the basal ganglia in sleep regulation and dysregulation has been largely unexplored. Components of the basal ganglia circuits, including the globus pallidus pars externa (GPe), may have a major role in sleep regulation. This has translational implications as these structures are potential targets of deep brain stimulation (DBS).
Social Listening to Create Bespoke Customer Experiences: Best Practices for Hospitality Operators:

Most hospitality operators use social media in their communications as a means to communicate brand image and provide information to customers. Our focus is on a two-way exchange whereby a customer...
Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort.

Background Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death among women in the US, yet few modifiable risk factors have been established. Diets high in glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been linked to several cancers, but epidemiologic studies of ovarian cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Objective In this study, we aimed to examine associations between GI or GL and ovarian cancer. Methods We used prospective data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian cohort. GI and GL were calculated from validated FFQs. Participants were women who were aged 60 to 74 y, did not have a history of cancer, and had both ovaries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for risk of ovarian cancer associated with quartiles of GI and GL. Analyses were performed separately for those who completed the dietary questionnaire at baseline (DQX) or later in the study (DHQ). Results From the DQX sample set, 181 cases were identified among 24,633 women with median follow-up of 12.1 y; there were 211 cases among 42,410 women in the DHQ set, with median follow-up of 8.9 y. After adjusting for age at dietary questionnaire completion, year of randomization, year of questionnaire, study center, and oral contraceptive use, the risk of ovarian cancer decreased by 43% (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.88) among those in the highest compared with those in the lowest quartile of GL (DQX). Those in the highest compared with those in the lowest quartile of GI (DHQ), had a 38% lower risk (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.00). Conclusions We observed lower risk of ovarian cancer associated with higher GI and GL. Results should be interpreted with caution as they may have been influenced by limitations including lack of variability in dietary intake. Additional studies are needed to better understand what is driving these associations.
A Prospective Study of Long-Term Outcomes Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with and without Neurological Complications

BackgroundLittle is known regarding long-term outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 6-month outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients with new neurological complications during hospitalization who survived were propensity score-matched to COVID-19 survivors without neurological complications hospitalized during the same period. The primary 6-month outcome was multivariable ordinal analysis of the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) comparing patients with or without neurological complications. Secondary outcomes included: activities of daily living (ADLs;Barthel Index), telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Neuro-QoL batteries for anxiety, depression, fatigue and sleep. ResultsOf 606 COVID-19 patients with neurological complications, 395 survived hospitalization and were matched to 395 controls; N=196 neurological patients and N=186 controls completed follow-up. Overall, 346/382 (91%) patients had at least one abnormal outcome: 56% had limited ADLs, 50% impaired cognition, 47% could not return to work and 62% scored worse than average on [≥]1 Neuro-QoL scale (worse anxiety 46%, sleep 38%, fatigue 36%, and depression 25%). In multivariable analysis, patients with neurological complications had worse 6-month mRS (median 4 vs. 3 among controls, adjusted OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.22-3.40, P=0.01), worse ADLs (aOR 0.38, 95%CI 0.29-0.74, P=0.01) and were less likely to return to work than controls (41% versus 64%, P=0.04). Cognitive and Neuro-QOL metrics were similar between groups. ConclusionsAbnormalities in functional outcomes, ADLs, anxiety, depression and sleep occurred in over 90% of patients 6-months after hospitalization for COVID-19. In multivariable analysis, patients with neurological complications during index hospitalization had significantly worse 6-month functional outcomes than those without.
Laser-based additive manufacturing of a binary Ni-5 wt.%Nb alloy

Abstract In the present study, Ni95Nb5 (wt. %) alloy samples are additively manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) as a surrogate for Ni-based superalloys. Near porosity-free samples are fabricated utilizing a simple analytical model to predict melt pool dimensions, guide process parameter selection, and determine the defect-free printability map in the process parameter space. Ni95Nb5 mechanical testing specimens displayed consistent yield strengths (∼600 MPa) and ultimate tensile strengths (∼750 MPa) across a range of process parameters. These results show that with the proper selection of process parameters, SLM can produce parts with consistent mechanical properties in a wide process parameter space in simple alloying systems.
Distinct Contributions of Working Memory and Attentional Control to Sentence Comprehension in Noise in Persons With Stroke.

Purpose Sentence comprehension deficits are common following a left hemisphere stroke and have primarily been investigated under optimal listening conditions. However, ample work in neurotypical co...
A Slice-Traversal Algorithm for Very Large Mapped Volumetric Models

Abstract When the full-scale storing and retrieving of volumetric models is cost prohibitive, intersection queries require intelligent access to pieces generated on demand. To conform to a given curved outer shape without clipping, such models are often the result of a non-linear free-form deformation applied to a geometrically simpler, canonical model. The additional challenge is then to relate the intersection query back to the pieces of the pre-image of the conforming curved model. Motivated by 3D print slice generation of massive mapped material micro-structure, this paper presents an algorithm to traverse a planar slice of a volumetric mapped model that is too large to be treated as an explicit model. The algorithm safely reduces the large-scale slicing problem to many small-scale problems that can be solved by existing slicing techniques. With the pre-image partitioned into boxes, the algorithm activates boxes to generate micro-structure only where the non-linear image of the box can intersect the given plane. Active boxes are intelligently traversed to guarantee both full coverage and minimize a front of active boxes.
Advances in vaccination to combat pandemic outbreaks

Abstract Vaccines are one of the most successful public health interventions in our history, after the development of the first vaccine more than 200 years ago, vaccinations have greatly decreased the burden of infectious diseases and protected from several pandemics worldwide (eradication of smallpox, near eradication of polio). A multitude of research efforts focuses on the improvement of established vaccines and the discovery of new vaccines during the last two decades. However, globalization including radical changes in the density, age distribution, and traveling habits of the population worldwide as well as the changing climate favor the emergence of old and new pathogens that bear the risk of becoming pandemic threats. In recent years, the rapid spread of severe infections such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Ebola, and COVID-19 have highlighted the dire need for global preparedness for pandemics, which necessitates the extremely rapid development and comprehensive distribution of vaccines against these pandemic pathogens. Hence, new vaccine technologies able to achieve rapid development as well as large-scale production are of pivotal importance. This review will briefly discuss some of the global historical pandemics and the new strategies for the development of vaccines as new approaches that might be able to tackle these challenges to global health.
Does rationing really backfire? A critical review of the literature on license-plate-based driving restrictions

Policies limiting the number of days vehicles are permitted to circulate based on the last digit of their license plates have experienced a resurgence in popularity, particularly in Chinese cities....
Revenue Sources and Local Government Employment

This note explores the relationship between variations in local government employment patterns and grant-in-aid receipts for three time periods, 1957–1962, 1962–1967, and 1967–1972. Three dimensions of local government employment patterns are explored: per capita payroll costs, average monthly wage per employee, and the number of public employees per capita. The methodology of this note follows the “determinants” analyses of public expenditure levels. The relationships between revenue sources and local government employment practices assume different forms in different time periods.
The Urologist’s Role in Lithotripsy of Biliary Stones

Biliary stones are being treated by a number of lithotripsy techniques familiar to urologists. These include extraction and various forms of fragmentation: ultrasonic, electrohydraulic, laser, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Dissolution is also playing a role in therapy. A review of current biliary stone therapy and results of the above techniques are presented. Urologists interested in urinary lithotripsy should be aware of the advances occurring in biliary stone management. They may be asked to assist in biliary stone management and should be prepared to help if requested. The techniques are remarkably similar. A working knowledge of biliary stone management is mandatory for the urologist planning to assist general surgeons, radiologists, or gastroenterologists in this field.
Colic: exasperating but fascinating and gratifying

After more than 30 years of dealing with excessive crying in young infants, I would offer the seemingly inconsistent judgment that the problem is exasperating yet fascinating and gratifying. In this commentary, I shall explain this apparent contradiction and point out the extent to which the article by Barr and associates illustrates this view. The exasperation of coping with "colic," or excessive crying, comes from several sources. The crying is unpleasant for the infant, for the family, and for those trying to help them. Most of the literature advising parents concerning this problem is not helpful, being usually pessimistic or inappropriately directed.
A C. elegans Ror receptor tyrosine kinase regulates cell motility and asymmetric cell division

Ror kinases are a family of orphan receptors with tyrosine kinase activity that are related to muscle specific kinase (MuSK), a receptor tyrosine kinase that assembles acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction1,2. Although the functions of Ror kinases are unknown, similarities between Ror and MuSK kinases have led to speculation that Ror kinases regulate synaptic development. Here we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans gene cam-1 encodes a member of the Ror kinase family that guides migrating cells and orients the polarity of asymmetric cell divisions and axon outgrowth. We find that tyrosine kinase activity is required for some of the functions of CAM-1, but not for its role in cell migration. CAM-1 is expressed in cells that require its function, and acts cell autonomously in migrating neurons. Overexpression and loss of cam-1 function result in reciprocal cell-migration phenotypes, indicating that levels of CAM-1 influence the final positions of migrating cells. Our results raise the possibility that Ror kinases regulate cell motility and asymmetric cell division in organisms as diverse as nematodes and mammals.
Teaching Telemarketing in the Framework of the Seven Steps of Personal Selling

In the Summer 1986 issue of the Journal of Marketing Education, Clabaugh and Wallace discussed the importance of expanding marketing curricula to include direct marketing. This article describes the rationale and methodology of a teaching module on telemarketing as a natural off-shoot of the basic personal sales process.
Efficient Bottom-Up Evaluation of Logic Programs

In recent years, much work has been directed towards evaluating logic programs and queries on deductive databases by using an iterative bottom-up fixpoint computation. The resulting techniques offer an attractive alternative to Prolog-style top-down evaluation in several situations. They are sound and complete for positive Horn clause programs, are well-suited to applications with large volumes of data (facts), and can support a variety of extensions to the standard logic programming paradigm.
Exonerations Change Judicial View on Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

Law evolves more slowly than pop culture or public attitude. Because most exonerations have not resulted in written legal opinions, their impact is slowly seeping into case law. However, courts are influenced by the same news that sways the rest of us. Even without explicitly referring to innocence or wrongful convictions, modern trial courts are undoubtedly more likely to admit expert testimony on the question of eyewitness identification because they are painfully aware of just how easily such witnesses - no matter how honest or passionate - can be wrong. They are certainly more inclined to view confessions suspiciously, especially when it involves the very young, and to consider whether and to what extent police slant evidence. Finally, the fact that innocent people are routinely convicted - despite a full-blown jury trial at which they were represented by defense counsel - suggests that courts should play a more active role in supervising the quality of criminal defense services.
Multilevel Algebraic Elliptic Solvers

We survey some of the recent research in developing multilevel algebraic solvers for elliptic problems. A key concept is the design of a hierarchy of coarse spaces and related interpolation operators which together satisfy certain approximation and stability properties to ensure the rapid convergence of the resulting multigrid algorithms. We will discuss smoothed agglomeration methods, harmonic extension methods, and global energy minimization methods for the construction of these coarse spaces and interpolation operators.
Model uncertainty and bias in the evaluation of nuclear spectra

Unbiased analysis of γ-ray and X-ray spectra is impossible in the absence of a complete physical or mathematical model. Partial model knowledge may be supplemented by simple assumptions or by various heuristic schemes in order to effect a solution. Assessment of limits for bias, based upon the properties of the surrogate model and physical-chemical knowledge of the measurement system, is the principal target of this work. The Smoothest Consistent Baseline (SCB) approach has been introduced in an attempt to reduce assumptions and minimize bias in the extraction of a spectral peak from a baseline of uncertain shape. The bias matrix, which results directly from the numerical analysis, permits limiting baseline profiles to be simply converted into bounds for systematic model error.
Modelling of machinery vibration isolation systems

Modelling of machinery vibration isolation systems was discussed. Computer codes vibration isolation model generator (VIMGEN) and vibration of viscoelastic and elastic structures (VVES) were developed for modelling the 3D characteristics of vibration isolation systems containing elastomeric isolator elements. The engine or machine to be isolated was assumed to be a rigid body. The codes were described and a study of the modes of a small-scale system was presented.
Adherence to Hepatitis C Virus Therapy in HIV/Hepatitis C-Coinfected Patients

Adherence to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy has been incompletely examined among HIV-infected patients. We assessed changes in interferon and ribavirin adherence and evaluated the relationship between adherence and early (EVR) and sustained virologic response (SVR). We performed a cohort study among 333 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who received pegylated interferon and ribavirin between 2001 and 2006 and had HCV RNA before and after treatment. Adherence was calculated over 12-week intervals using pharmacy refills. Mean interferon and ribavirin adherence declined 2.5 and 4.1 percentage points per 12-week interval, respectively. Among genotype 1/4 patients, EVR increased with higher ribavirin adherence, but this association was less strong for interferon. SVR among these patients was higher with increasing interferon and ribavirin adherence over the first, second, and third, but not fourth, 12-week intervals. Among HIV/HCV patients, EVR and SVR increased with higher interferon and ribavirin adherence. Adherence to both antivirals declined over time, but more so for ribavirin.
From the Classroom to the Community: Building Cultural Awareness in First Semester Spanish

Service-learning has been primarily explored in world language education at the intermediate- or advanced-levels. Although a more advanced-level of language proficiency allows students in service-learning classes to participate in a wide array of projects, connecting beginning language students with the community may help serve to break-down cultural barriers or stereotypes and/or increase students’ motivation for language learning. This paper presents one example of a first semester Spanish class with a service-learning learning component. The results of this evaluative case study suggest that service-learning can be an effective pedagogical tool to help increase first semester students’ awareness of cultural practices as well develop their intercultural competence. The paper also presents valuable lessons learned and suggestions for other language educators interested in implementing service-learning in their novice classes.
Radiation in a wall jet flow environment

Abstract An analytical study of sound propagation through a wall jet flow with compliant walls has been carried out. The prime objective of this study is to evaluate the influences of flow convection and refraction due to non-uniform mean flow on sound radiation. Another major aim is to calculate the nature of acoustic attenuation attributable to finite wall admittances. A two-dimensional model is used in the analysis. A simple source distribution is prescribed at the nozzle exit plane. The governing convected wave equation is derived from the conservation equations. The mean flow field required for the analysis is obtained from a combination of experimental data and analytical solutions. The resulting convected wave equation is reduced to an ordinary differential equation by suitable approximations. This equation is solved numerically in terms of modified modes in radial shells. The modified modes are classical eigenfunction solutions modified by the non-uniform mean flow and wall admittances. These modified modes are used with the appropriate matching conditions to yield the solution of the radiated sound field. The results show that the modal expansion procedure can be applied succesfully to investigate the present problem. The non-uniform mean flow reduced the source power output compared to the power output of the given source in a stationary medium. The flow convection and shear refraction produced a significant effect on the sound directivity which showed a steep downstream valley. This is at variance with the view that the sound directivity of blown flap noise is due to the inherent directivity of trailing edge sources. The compliant wall increased the dip of the valley created by the non-uniform flow in most of the cases. The liners had a strong influence on the mode shapes, but did not produce significant acoustic attenuation. The small sound reduction observed in this study implies that the major effects of the liners are hydrodynamic, related to the reduction of source strength.
The role of the CS and its relationship to the CR in avoidance conditioning

Abstract Two studies are reported which are concerned with the role of the CS and its relationship to the CR in the standard avoidance learning situation. Study I demonstrates that the decrement associated with a trace CS is greatly reduced in one-way avoidance as compared with two-way. The suggestion is made that the differences in CS effects is attributable to differences in task complexity. Study 2 varied CS duration and the CS-CR termination contingency. Rapid acquisition of the avoidance response was obtained only when the CS remained on for the entire CS-US interval unless terminated by a response. The results were discussed with respect to the theoretical aspects of maintenance and emergence of the avoidance response.
691 PULMONARY PARAGONIMIASIS IN INDOCHINESE REFUGEE CHILDREN

The high prevalence of tuberculosis in recent Indochinese refugees of all ages is well documented, with 100-fold greater prevalence in 5-14-year-olds compared to others in this age group in the U.S.A. However, other possible etiologies for chronic pulmonary disease must also be considered in such children. During a recent 12-month period, pulmonary paragonimiasis was diagnosed in three 8- to 11-year-old Laotian children living in the Chicago area. Clinical manifestations of illness included lack of fever or sweats, absent family history of TB, chronic cough for 2 weeks to 2 years, and apparent hemoptysis in 2 patients. Physical findings included rales and dullness to percussion (3/3), lack of respiratory distress (3/3), and clubbing (1/3). All patients showed interstitial pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray, while 2 had multiple small cystic areas. Moderate eosinophilia ranging from 5-13% (absolute counts from 770-1290/mm3) was present. Paragonimus westermani ova were found in stools of 2 patients. The etiology of pulmonary disease was established by demonstrating P. westermani ova in expectorated sputum (2) or bronchoscopic specimens (1). All patients were treated orally with Bithionol 50 mg/kg every other day for 15 doses, without side effects. Two patients demonstrated clinical and radiologic improvement; one was lost to follow-up. Clinicians must consider lung fluke infestation in refugee children who present with tuberculin-negative chronic pulmonary disease.
Increased axonal transport in the rat optic system after systemic exposure to methylmercury: differential effects in local vs systemic exposure conditions.

Abstract Axonal transport was studied by several techniques in the optic system of adult female Long-Evans rats following systemic exposure to methylmercury in 5 mM Na2CO3. Control rats were treated with the buffer alone. Four mg Hg/kg body weight for 4–6 days, or for 12 days, induced significant changes in the rate of protein synthesis in the retinal cells and in the rate of propagation of protein-bound radioactivity along the ganglion cell axons. Axonal transport of particulate material in both groups treated with methylmercury increased to a rate of 147 mm/day compared to 93 mm/day in controls. Methylmercury was distributed evenly throughout the retinogeniculate system. No clinical neuropathy was evident in either mercury-treated group. It is proposed that the increased rates of transport may represent an adaptive compensatory response to distal axonopathy caused by methylmercury. To investigate why systemic dosing produced effects opposite to those observed with local application of MeHg, various doses of MeHg were tested in the local and systemic paradigms, including doses which yielded equal concentrations of Hg in the retina. The results indicate that the differential response between the two treatment conditions is not a function of local dose, per se. Local and systematic application produce different dose-effect curves, which do not coincide at any dose.
Structure and function of the conserved 690 hairpin in Escherichia coli 16 S ribosomal RNA. III. functional analysis of the 690 loop

An instant-evolution experiment was performed on the eight nucleotides comprising the loop region of the 690 hairpin in Escherichia coli 16 S ribosomal RNA. Positions 690 to 697 were randomly mutated and 101 unique functional mutants were isolated, sequenced and analyzed for function in vivo. Non-random nucleotide distributions were observed at each of the mutated positions except 693 and 694. Nucleotide identity significantly affected ribosome function at positions 690, 695, 696 and 697. Pyrimidines were absent at position 696 in the instant-evolution pool as were C at position 691 and G at position 697. A highly significant covariation was observed between nucleotides 690 and 697. No functional double mutants at positions 691 and 696 were obtained from the instant-evolution pool. In our NMR structure of the 690 loop, both the G690.U697 and G691.A696 form sheared hydrogen-bonded mismatches. To further examine the functional constraints between these paired nucleotides, one set of site-directed mutations was constructed at positions 690:697 and another set was constructed at positions 691:696. Functional analysis of the site-directed mutants is consistent with our instant-evolution findings and revealed constraints on the placement of specific functional groups observed in the NMR structure. Ten instant-evolution mutants were isolated that are more functional than the wild-type. Hyperactivity in these mutants correlates with a single mutation at position 693.
Allometry of neonatal size in eutherian mammals

I HAVE demonstrated that neonatal weight in 15 species of anthropoid primates scales at a power of maternal weight of 0.70 (ref. 1). Gould2 noted the closeness of this value to the standard metabolic exponent of 0.75, and asked if this similarity was more than coincidental. In an attempt to answer Gould's query, I have investigated the scaling of neonatal size in eutherian mammals and primates in particular.
Fluorinated and Nanoporous Graphene Materials As Sorbents for Gas Separations

The physisorption of gases on surfaces depends on the electrostatic and dispersion interactions with adsorbates. The former can be tuned by introducing charge variations in the material, and the latter can be tuned by chemical substitution. Using atomistic Monte Carlo calculations, the Henry’s law constants, and isosteric heats of adsorption of CH4, CO2, N2, O2, H2S, SO2, and H2O on graphene, two-dimensional polyphenylene (2D-PP), fluorographene, and fluoro(2D-PP) surfaces are used to demonstrate the tunability of these two types of interaction. With the exception of H2O, fluorination and nanoporosity-induced charge variations reduce the binding of the adsorbates. Gas separations relevant for CO2 sequestration, biogas upgrading, SO2 pollution control, and air dehumidification are considered, and in most cases, the nanoporosity and fluorination reduce the selectivity of adsorption. The exceptions are separations involving adsorption of H2O and the SO2/N2 separation, where the large dipole moments of the ad...
Low Drive Voltage, Negative Chirp 40 Gb/s EA-Modulator/Widely-Tunable Laser Transmitter, Using Quantum-Well-Intermixing

We present the first 40Gb/s widely-tunable EAM/laser transmitters demonstrating 1.0-1.5V PtoP drive, low-chirp, and under 0.5dB of power penalty for transmission through 2.3km of fiber. A robust quantum-well-intermixing technique was employed for the realization of these devices.