cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vertical muscle transposition augmented with lateral fixation.

Abstract Introduction: Full vertical rectus muscle transpositions have been shown to be an effective treatment for lateral rectus palsies and type I Duane syndrome. This operation is usually accompanied by mechanical or botulinum toxin treatment of one or both medial rectus muscles. This series evaluates the effect of augmenting the transposed muscles with lateral fixation sutures. Methods: Transposition of the vertical rectus muscles to the lateral rectus muscle was performed in 23 eyes of 21 patients; transposition to the medial rectus muscle was performed in one eye of one of these 21 patients. A lateral fixation suture of 5-0 Dacron polyester filament was placed in the sclera 16 mm posterior to the limbus and adjacent to the lateral rectus muscle, incorporating one fourth of the transposed vertical rectus muscle. Of the 21 patients, five had type I Duane syndrome with a face turn and esotropia in the primary position, seven had a unilateral lateral rectus palsy, two had bilateral lateral rectus palsy, four had an ipsilateral lateral rectus palsy combined with a contralateral lateral rectus paresis (a recess resect procedure was performed on the paretic eye along with the augmented transposition on the paralyzed eye), two had gaze palsies, and one had a unilateral lateral rectus palsy with recurrent esotropia after a transposition procedure performed 16 years previously. Lateral fixation sutures alone were used in the last case listed. Postoperative diplopia-free fields were measured when possible (10 cases). Results: In most cases (1923 eyes), alignment was achieved in the primary position with the use of the augmented transposition procedure alone. On average, 20 degrees of binocular fusion into the abducted field was obtained. No postoperative limitation of adduction in the transposed eye was noted. Among the patients with Duane syndrome, 80% had elimination of the face turn; one patient had 5 degrees of residual face turn.The one patient with previous transposition surgery alone had an 80% (16 PD) reduction of the recurrent esotropia after placement of lateral fixation sutures. After augmented transpositions, induced vertical deviations in the primary position were uncommon (420 patients) and not greater than 2 PD. Significant lid fissure changes were not seen. Conclusions: The addition of lateral fixation sutures to full vertical rectus muscle transpositions improves the tonic abducting force of the procedure for patients with lateral rectus palsy and type I Duane syndrome without compromising adduction.
Persistent Photoconductivity Studies in Nanostructured ZnO UV Sensors

The phenomenon of persistent photoconductivity is elusive and has not been addressed to an extent to attract attention both in micro and nanoscale devices due to unavailability of clear material systems and device configurations capable of providing comprehensive information. In this work, we have employed a nanostructured (nanowire diameter 30–65 nm and 5 μm in length) ZnO-based metal–semiconductor–metal photoconductor device in order to study the origin of persistent photoconductivity. The current–voltage measurements were carried with and without UV illumination under different oxygen levels. The photoresponse measurements indicated a persistent conductivity trend for depleted oxygen conditions. The persistent conductivity phenomenon is explained on the theoretical model that proposes the change of a neutral anion vacancy to a charged state.
A Dimension-Reduction Algorithm for Multi-Stage Decision Problems with Returns in a Partially Ordered Set

In this paper a two-stage algorithm for finding non- dominated subsets of partially ordered sets is established. A connection is then made with dimension reduction in time-dependent dynamic programming via the notion of a bounding label, a function that bounds the state-transition cost functions. In this context, the computational burden is partitioned between a time-independent dynamic programming step carried out on the bounding label and a direct evaluation carried out on a subset of “real" valued decisions. A computational application to time-dependent fuzzy dynamic programming is presented.
The Effect of a Bounded Interplanetary Diffusion Medium on the Propagation of Solar Flare Cosmic Rays

An analysis of solar flare data indicates that the graph of log(nt 3/(2−β)) deviates late in the solar event from the straight line predicted for the infinite, unbounded interplanetary medium. It is shown by mathematical analysis, utilizing a model based on the radial diffusion coefficient D = Mr β, with β ≃ 1, that the deviation can be ascribed to the loss of flare particles through an external boundary at about 5–6 AU from the Sun. An inner region terminating at 5–6 AU, followed by an extensive region of increasingly less resistance to the diffusion of flare particles is also feasible and it is shown that measurements taken at the Earth cannot predict the extent of this outer region. The results are applicable to either the isotropic or highly anisotropic models. The constant diffusion model is shown to be inadequate since it requires a boundary ⩽ 1.5 AU from the Sun. In view of the present and previous studies of solar flare data, it is asserted that the fundamental principle governing the diffusion of solar flare particles through interplanetary space is the radial diffusion coefficient mode of propagation.
Web Spam, Propaganda and Trust

Web spamming, the practice of introducing artificial text and links into web pages to aect the results of searches, has been recognized as a major problem for search engines. It is also a serious problem for users because they are not aware of it and they tend to confuse trusting the search engine with trusting the results of a search. In this paper, we first analyze the influence that web spam has on the evolution of the search engines and we identify the strong relationship of spamming methods to propagandistic techniques in society. Our analysis provides a foundation to understanding why spamming works and oers new insight on how to address it. In particular, it suggest that one could use anti-propagandistic techniques in the web to recognize spam. The second part of the paper demonstrates such a technique, called backwards propagation of distrust. In society, recognition of an untrustworthy message (in the opinion of a particular person or other social entity) is a reason for questioning the entities that recommend the message. Entities that are found to strongly support untrustworthy messages become untrustworthy themselves. So, social distrust is propagated backwards for a number of steps. Our algorithm simulates this social behavior on the web graph. In our algorithm, starting from an untrustworthy (according to the end user) site s, we examine its trust neighborhood, that is, the neighborhood of sites that link to s in a few steps. Evaluating the sites-members of the neighborhood we identify a biconnected component (BCCs) with a high percentage of untrustworthy sites. BCCs are formed when there are multiple paths to reach s, thus indicating a concerted eort to promote s. This is not the case when starting from a trustworthy site. Our tool explores thousands of nodes within minutes and could be deployed at the browser-level, making it possible to resolve the moral question of who should be making the decision of weeding out spammers in favor of the end user. Our approach can lead to browser-level web spam filters that work in synergy with the powerful search engines to deliver personalized, trusted web results.
Almost maximal prüfer domains

A well-known theorem of Brandal states that if R is an almost maximal Pruifer domain with quotient field Q, then every homomorphic image of Q is injective. The converse of Brandal's theorem is established, and it is shown in addition that a Prufer domain is almost maximal if and only if each prime ideal has injective dimension one. Applications involving reflexive domains are considered.
Gene expression in the normal adult human kidney assessed by complementary DNA microarray.

The kidney is a highly specialized organ with a complex, stereotyped architecture and a great diversity of functions and cell types. Because the microscopic organization of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney, has a consistent relationship to the macroscopic anatomy of the kidney, knowledge of the characteristic patterns of gene expression in different compartments of the kidney could provide insight into the functions and functional organization of the normal nephron. We studied gene expression in dissected renal lobes of five adult human kidneys using cDNA microarrays representing ∼30,000 different human genes. Total RNA was isolated from sections of the inner and outer cortex, inner and outer medulla, papillary tips, and renal pelvis and from glomeruli isolated by sieving. The results revealed unique and highly distinctive patterns of gene expression for glomeruli, cortex, medulla, papillary tips, and pelvic samples. Immunohistochemical staining using selected antisera confirmed differential expression of several cognate proteins and provided histological localization of expression within the nephron. The distinctive patterns of gene expression in discrete portions of the kidney may serve as a resource for further understanding of renal physiology and the molecular and cellular organization of the nephron.
Political Parties and the Sociological Imagination: Past, Present, and Future Directions

The classical sociology of parties was born alongside parties themselves. It explored their dynamic interrelationships with states and society, as well as the tensions inherent in the fact that parties are simultaneously representatives and power seekers. Despite these rich foundations, from the 1960s the sociological approach came to be narrowly identified with a one-dimensional conception of parties, and political sociologists focused their attention elsewhere. This review contributes to efforts that began in the 1990s to reclaim the political party as a full-fledged sociological object. To this end, we track the hourglass-shaped trajectory of the sociology of parties: from broad Marxian and Weberian roots, to narrowing and near-eclipse after the 1960s, to a reemergence that reclaims the breadth of the classical traditions. We conclude by suggesting six lines of inquiry that we believe would be fruitful, emphasizing both classical concerns that deserve more attention and innovative approaches that point...
Minimizing average network delay for ultra-wideband wireless networks

Ultra-wideband wireless (UWB) may provide the physical layer for high capacity personal area networks in the future. Certain characteristics of the wireless links possible using this technology give rise to properties not seen with other wireless technologies. Two such properties are long synchronization times for link establishment and the ability to change individual link capacities by choosing PN codes of different lengths. The paper formulates a novel routing problem in UWB; in particular, we investigate the impact of UWB physical layer characteristics on average network transit delay for a UWB network with a ring topology. The paper derives an expression for average network transit delay as a function of the capacity between each pair of nodes in the network. Each node is assumed to have one input and one output link resulting in a ring network topology, which guarantees access to every node. An aggregate network capacity bound for all links is assumed. A Lagrangian function is defined to obtain the optimum link capacities in order to minimize the average network delays and the resulting formula for delay is explained.
Association of the pattern of use of perioperative β-blockade and postoperative mortality.

Background:The 1996 atenolol study provided evidence that perioperative!-adrenergic receptor blockade (!-blockade) reduced postsurgical mortality. In 1998, the indications for perioperative!-blockade were codified as the Perioperative Cardiac Risk Reduction protocol and implemented at the San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California. The present study analyzed the association of the pattern of use of perioperative!-blockade with perioperative mortality since introduction of the Perioperative Cardiac Risk Reduction protocol. Methods:Epidemiologic analysis of the operations undertaken since 1996 at the San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center was performed. The pattern of use of perioperative!-blockade was divided into four groups: None,Addition,Withdrawal, andContinuous.Logistic regression, survival analysis, and propensity analysis were performed. Results:A total of 38,779 operations were performed between 1996 and 2008. In patients meeting Perioperative Cardiac Risk Reduction indications for perioperative !-blockade,Additionisassociatedwithareductionin30-day (odds ratio [OR], 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33 to 0.83;P!0.006) and 1-yr mortality (OR, 0.64; 95%, CI 0.51 to0.79;P"0.0001).Continuousisassociatedwithareduction in30-day(OR,0.68;95%CI,0.47to0.98;P!0.04)and1-yr mortality (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.0;P!0.05).Withdrawalis associated with an increase in 30-day (OR 3.93, 95% CI, 2.57 to 6.01;Pless than 0.0001) and 1-yr mortality (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.49 to 2.58;P"0.0001). Conclusion:Perioperative!-blockade administered according to the Perioperative Cardiac Risk Reduction protocol is associated with a reduction in 30-day and 1-yr mortality. Perioperative withdrawal of!-blockers is associated with increased mortality.
Translating Developmental Science to Address Childhood Adversity

Demystifying child development is a defining element of pediatric care, and pediatricians have long appreciated the profound influences that families and communities have on both child development and life course trajectories. Dramatic advances in the basic sciences of development are beginning to reveal the biologic mechanisms underlying well-established associations between a spectrum of childhood adversities and less than optimal outcomes in health, education and economic productivity. Pediatricians are well positioned to translate this new knowledge into both practice and policy, but doing so will require unprecedented levels of collaboration with educators, social service providers, and policy makers. Pediatricians might recognize the negative impact of family-level adversities on child development, but developing an effective response will likely require the engagement of community partners. By developing collaborative, innovative ways to promote the safe, stable, and nurturing relationships that are biologic prerequisites for health, academic success, and economic productivity, family-centered pediatric medical homes will remain relevant in an era that increasingly values wellness and population health.
Repeated retrieval practice and item difficulty: does criterion learning eliminate item difficulty effects?

Awealth of previous research has established that retrieval practice promotes memory, particularly when re- trieval is successful. Although successful retrieval promotes memory, it remains unclear whether successful retrieval promotes memory equally well for items of varying diffi- culty. Will easy items still outperform difficult items on a final test if all items have been correctly recalled equal numbers of times during practice? In two experiments, normatively difficult and easy Lithuanian-English word pairs were learned via test-restudy practice until each item had been correctly recalled a preassigned number of times (from 1 to 11 correct recalls). Despite equating the numbers of successful recalls during practice, performance on a de- layed final cued-recall test was lower for difficult than for easy items. Experiment 2 was designed to diagnose whether the disadvantage for difficult items was due to deficits in cue memory, target memory, and/or associative memory. The results revealed a disadvantage for the difficult versus the easy items only on the associative recognition test, with no differences on cue recognition, and even an advantage on target recognition. Although successful retrieval enhanced memory for both difficult and easy items, equating retrieval success during practice did not eliminate normative item difficulty differences.
COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS AND VOTING PATTERNS IN URBAN GREECE

The objective of this study is to examine the dynamics of mass politics in contemporary Greece by investigating the effects of certain community characteristics (i.e., traditionalism, social rank, community satisfaction) on intra-urban voting patterns in the Athens metropolitan area. The focus is on the 1964 legislative election. In contrast to the inconclusive results of previous national level studies, as well as existing literature which has stressed vertical political ties and personality factors, the findings presented here offer empirical justification to the view that basic socioeconomic factors have exerted a statistically significant effect on intra-urban spatial differences in partisan preferences in contemporary Greece. Both the theory and the data indicate that objective dimensions of the urban ecological structure, namely social rank and traditionalism, coupled with the subjective level of community satisfaction, have been closely associated with variations in electoral choice. Social rank proved to be a significant determinant of the left-right cleavage in urban Greece. The evidence drawn from the Athens area strongly suggested a movement away from traditional patterns toward the emergence of a more rational and pragmatic basis for electoral choice in the Greek urban milieu.
Joint application of overlapped block motion compensation and loop filtering for low bit-rate video coding

Motion uncertainty and image quantization noise are two important factors affecting the performance of block motion compensation in a standard hybrid video coder. This paper models both these effects, and analyzes their nonstationary property. It proposes a strategy that jointly applies space-varying overlapped block motion compensation and loop filtering, achieving better rate-distortion performance than either method alone.
A New Climate for Society

This article argues that climate change produces discordances in established ways of understanding the human place in nature, and so offers unique challenges and opportunities for the interpretive ...
RNA structure and NMR spectroscopy.

RNA molecules perform a wide variety of biological functions, from enzymic activity to storage and propagation of genetic information.
Evaluating label placement for augmented reality view management

View management, a relatively new area of research in Augmented Reality (AR) applications, is about the spatial layout of 2D virtual annotations in the view plane. This paper represents the first study in an actual AR application of a specific view management task: evaluating the placement of 2D virtual labels that identify information about real counterparts. Here, we objectively evaluated four different placement algorithms, including a novel algorithm for placement based on identifying existing clusters. The evaluation included both a statistical analysis of traditional metrics (e.g. counting overlaps) and an empirical user study guided by principles from human cognition. The numerical analysis of the three real-time algorithms revealed that our new cluster-based method recorded the best average placement accuracy while requiring only relatively moderate computation time. Measures of objective readability from the user study demonstrated that in practice, human subjects were able to read labels fastest with the algorithms that most quickly prevented overlap, even if placement wasn't ideal.
Electrophysiological correlates of refreshing: Event-related potentials associated with directing reflective attention to face, scene, or word representations

Refreshing is the component cognitive process of directing reflective attention to one of several active mental representations. Previous studies using fMRI suggested that refresh tasks involve a component process of initiating refreshing as well as the top-down modulation of representational regions central to refreshing. However, those studies were limited by fMRI's low temporal resolution. In this study, we used EEG to examine the time course of refreshing on the scale of milliseconds rather than seconds. ERP analyses showed that a typical refresh task does have a distinct electrophysiological response as compared to a control condition and includes at least two main temporal components: an earlier â??400 msec positive peak reminiscent of a P3 response and a later â??800-1400 msec sustained positivity over several sites reminiscent of the late directing attention positivity. Overall, the evoked potentials for refreshing representations from three different visual categories faces, scenes, words were similar, but multivariate pattern analysis showed that some category information was nonetheless present in the EEG signal. When related to previous fMRI studies, these results are consistent with a two-phase model, with the first phase dominated by frontal control signals involved in initiating refreshing and the second by the top-down modulation of posterior perceptual cortical areas that constitutes refreshing a representation. This study also lays the foundation for future studies of the neural correlates of reflective attention at a finer temporal resolution than is possible using fMRI.
Action of potassium fluoride on 5-benzensulfonyl-5,10-dihydro-10-trimethylsilylindeno[1,2-b]indole. Attempted synthesis of dibenzo[b,f-1]azapentalene

Mild and neutral experimental conditions were employed in order to maximize the chance of success in the isolation of dibenzo[b,f-1]azapentalene (3), a compound expected to exhibit anti-aromatic character, from a precursor. Thus, 5-benzensulfonyl-5,10-dihydro-10-trimethylsilylindeno[1,2-b]indole (7) was allowed to react with potassium fluoride at room temperature. The outcome of the reaction was complex, but the major product was identified as 5,5′,10,10′-tetrahydro-10,10′-biindeno[1,2-b]indolylidene (15). Apparently, the anion8 that was generated by the action of potassium fluoride on7, did not suffer direct elimination of the benzensulfenate anion. Instead, presumably due to the antiaromacitity of3, the benzensulfenate anion was eliminated only after a series of electron transfer reactions, resulting in15. Also, unexpectedly, dibenzo[b,f-1]azapentalene dianion (5) was silylated exclusively at the 10-carbon in preference to silylation at nitrogen. Experimental data indicated that the 10-carbon of5 was silylated directly with chlorotrimethylsilane.
Influence of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Age During the Last Instar on Rates of Parasitization by the Larval-Pupal Parasitoid, Archytas marmoratus (Diptera: Tachinidae)

Effects of host age during each of the 5 d of the last host instar were determined by exposing larvae of Helicoverpa (= Heliothis ) zea (Boddie) to newly larviposited maggots of the larval-pupal parasitoid Archytas marmoratus (Townsend). Based on determinations made in host pupae, lower percentages of older hosts were parasitized and lower percentages of maggots from older hosts developed to the second ins tar. Weights of maggots that parasitized older hosts were lower in 1-d-old host pupae. For older hosts, mean length of the larval stage of A. marmoratus after host pupation was longer; weights of young A. marmoratus larvae revealed that maggots developed very slowly until just before the host pupated. Surviving maggots developing from older hosts used the longer developmental times to overcome the weight differentials, and weights of A. marmoratus pupae were the same regardless of host age and parasitoid weight at the beginning of the host's pupal stage. These and other data indicate that complex behavior allows the A. marmoratus maggot to evade host defenses and grow to a size that enables the parasitoid to avoid encapsulation when it finally enters the host hemocele.
Pediatric frontal sinus fractures: outcomes and treatment algorithm.

AbstractPediatric frontal sinus fractures are a rare clinical entity. Owing to the large amount of force required to fracture the frontal sinus, it is often associated with severe intracranial and craniofacial injuries. The treatment of frontal sinus fractures is controversial, with many different e
Clinical diagnosis of infantile autism

Objective To analyze the early clinical diagnosis and curative effect of childhood autism.Methods Used "social communication and symbolic behavior scale",0-6 old pediatric neurology psychological development examination table and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale(CARS) on the 2960 cases children in Department of Pediatrics of my courtyard from September 2009 to December 2011 combined with child health division of Longgang District Maternal and child health hospital from 1 to 2 aged children.Results Among the research object,suspected 54 people,9 persons diagnosed,1-2 years old children autism prevalence was 3.04 per thousand,developmental retardation of speech in 198 cases,social problems in 16 cases,symbolic behavior problems in 38 cases.Conclusion We concluded that the majority infants with autistic children appeared obvious clinical symptoms in early,and we should be suspected in infantile autism children's development and behavior were observed,and to make early diagnosis,and for clinical treatment to win more time.
Etiology surveillance and analysis of influenza in Ningxia during 2009-2013

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation and the virus types distribution in Ningxia during July. 2009-June. 2013 so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods The throat swab specimens from influenza-like illness( ILI) were collected from national level influenza surveillance sentinel hospital,and then detected by RT-PCR method. Data was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 17 785 ILI samples were collected and tested,3 325 samples showed nucleic acid testing positive,with an overall positive rate as 18. 70%. In all of these positive specimens,the influenza A( H1N1),the seasonal influenza H3N2,H1N1 and the influenza B were respectively accounted for 49. 41%,26. 02%,0. 72% and 23. 85%. Age distribution data of the influenza positive rate showed that the 15 year-old group had the highest positive rate as 24. 20%,and the second higher was the 5 year-old group as 22. 28%. In addition,the peak seasons of influenza in four surveillance years mainly appeared in Winter and Spring. Conclusion Influenza A,especially the H1N1 was the dominant strain in Ningxia area during 2009-2013. Teens and school-age children were the high-risk population for the influenza. Winter and Spring were the flu high-occurrence season. And the constitute of the influenza subtype had changed after the period of H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009.
Production of VEGF and IL-8 by human glioblastoma cells is mediated by formylpeptide receptor (FPR).

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A108 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are produced by tumor cells and promote tumor angiogenesis. Our previous studies showed that activation of formylpeptide receptor (FPR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, contributes to the motility and growth of malignant glioma cells as well as angiogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of FPR in the production of angiogenic factors, VEGF and IL-8, in human glioblastoma cells. We found that the expression levels of VEGF and IL-8 in human glioma tissues of various malignancies were correlated with the expression of FPR and microvessel densities (MVD), and FPR stimulated with fMLF induced the production of VEGF and IL-8 by both glioma cell lines and primary glioma cells, with more significant effects on IL-8. There was no interaction effect between VEGF and IL-8 in the cultured cells. Target-specific siRNA-induced formylpeptide (FPR) knockdown completely neutralized the increase of the two factor secretion that was mediated by FPR, and reduced the growth, angiogenesis and expression of VEGF and IL-8 of the implanted tumor growth in mice, demonstrating the essential role of FPR-mediated VEGF and IL-8 production in glioma progression. The results showed that FPR/fMLF up-regulates the expression of VEGF and IL-8 in human glioblastoma cells which in turn may contribute to the angiogenesis of malignant glioma.
Mosquito Peptide Hormones: Diversity, Production, and Function

Mosquitoes, like other insects, produce a diversity of peptide hormones that are processed from different precursor proteins and have a range of activities. Early studies relied on purification of bioactive peptides for hormone identification, but more recently genomic data have provided the information needed to more comprehensively identify peptide hormone genes and associated receptors. The first part of this chapter summarizes the known or predicted peptide hormones that are produced by mosquitoes. The second part of this chapter discusses the sources of these molecules and their functions.
Signalling Effects of Monetary Policy

We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model in which the policy rate signals the central bank’s view about macroeconomic developments to price setters. The model is estimated with likelihood methods on a U.S. data set that includes the Survey of Professional Forecasters as a measure of price setters’ inflation expectations. This model improves upon existing perfect information models in explaining why, in the data, inflation expectations respond with delays to monetary impulses and remain disanchored for years. In the 1970s, U.S. monetary policy is found to signal-persistent inflationary shocks, explaining why inflation and inflation expectations were so persistently heightened. The signalling effects of monetary policy also explain why inflation expectations adjusted more sluggishly than inflation after the robust monetary tightening of the 1980s.
Noninteractive Statistical Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Lattice Problems

We construct noninteractive statistical zero-knowledge( NISZK ) proof systems for a variety of standard approximation problems on lattices, such as the shortest independent vectors problem and the complement of the shortest vector problem. Prior proof systems for lattice problems were either interactive or leaked knowledge (or both). Our systems are the first known NISZK proofs for any cryptographically useful problems that are not related to integer factorization. In addition, they are proofs of knowledge, have reasonable complexity, and generally admit efficient prover algorithms (given appropriate auxiliary input). In some cases, they even imply the first known interactivestatistical zero-knowledge proofs for certain cryptographically important lattice problems. We also construct an NISZK proof for a special kind of disjunction (i.e., OR gate) related to the shortest vector problem. This may serve as a useful tool in potential constructions of noninteractive (computational) zero knowledge proofs for NP based on lattice assumptions.
The Lived Experience of Conversion in the Broader Context of Experience of Faith Formation: A Phenomenological Study of Third- and Greater-Generation Seventh-Day Adventist Young Adults

THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF CONVERSION IN THE BROADER CONTEXT OF EXPERIENCE OF FAITH FORMATION: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF THIRDAND GREATER-GENERATION SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST YOUNG ADULTS
Ventriculostomy-associated hemorrhage: a risk assessment by radiographic simulation

OBJECTIVE Ventriculostomy entry sites are commonly selected by freehand estimation of Kocher's point or approximations from skull landmarks and a trajectory toward the ipsilateral frontal horn of the lateral ventricles. A recognized ventriculostomy complication is intracranial hemorrhage from cortical vessel damage; reported rates range from 1% to 41%. In this report, the authors assess hemorrhagic risk by simulating traditional ventriculostomy trajectories and using CT angiography (CTA) with venography (CTV) data to identify potential complications, specifically from cortical draining veins. METHODS Radiographic analysis was completed on 50 consecutive dynamic CTA/CTV studies obtained at a tertiary-care academic neurosurgery department. Image sections were 0.5 mm thick, and analysis was performed on a venous phase that demonstrated high-quality opacification of the cortical veins and sagittal sinus. Virtual ventriculostomy trajectories were determined for right and left sides using medical diagnostic imaging software. Entry points were measured along the skull surface, 10 cm posteriorly from the nasion, and 3 cm laterally for both left and right sides. Cannulation was simulated perpendicular to the skull surface. Distances between the software-traced cortical vessels and the virtual catheter were measured. To approximate vessel injury by twist drill and ventricular catheter placement, veins within a 3-mm radius were considered a hemorrhage risk. RESULTS In 100 virtual lines through Kocher's point toward the ipsilateral ventricle, 19% were predicted to cause cortical vein injury and suspected hemorrhage (radius ≤ 3 mm). Little difference existed between cerebral hemispheres (right 18%, left 20%). The average (± SD) distance from the trajectory line and a cortical vein was 7.23 ± 4.52 mm. In all 19 images that predicted vessel injury, a site of entry for an avascular zone near Kocher's point could be achieved by moving the trajectory less than 1.0 cm laterally and less than 1.0 cm along the anterior/posterior axis, suggesting that empirical measures are suboptimal, and that patient-specific coordinates based on preprocedural CTA/CVA imaging may optimize ventriculostomy in the future. CONCLUSIONS In this institutional radiographic imaging analysis, traditional methods of ventriculostomy site selection predicted significant rates of cortical vein injury, matching described rates in the literature. CTA/CTV imaging potentiates identification of patient-specific cannulation sites and custom trajectories that avoid cortical vessels, which may lessen the risk of intracranial hemorrhage during ventriculostomy placement. Further development of this software is underway to facilitate stereotactic ventriculostomy and improve outcomes.
Wave speed structure of the eastern North American margin

Abstract The eastern North American margin (ENAM) is the result of nearly a billion years of continental collision and rifting. To the west of this margin lies thick continental lithosphere of the North American craton, and to the east is oceanic lithosphere in the Atlantic. The substantial changes in lithosphere thickness at this boundary are thought to drive asthenosphere upwelling along the edge of the continent. Through iterative, full-waveform, ambient noise tomography, we observe a heterogeneous low wave speed margin along the continent in the upper mantle. Multiple low wave speed features imaged within the margin are consistent with asthenospeheric upwelling due to edge-driven convection. Also within the margin are high wave speed anomalies that maybe the remnants of eclogitic delamination of the Appalachian crustal root, which contribute to convection at the margin. Edge driven, small-scale convection keeps the margin weak and thus controls the large scale plate tectonic patterns and the crustal deformation. The imaged mantle wave speed anomalies, interpreted as edge-driven convection, correlate with and may increase the likelihood of damaging earthquakes in the eastern portion of North America.
Philip Khuri Hitti

Students of Middle East Studies in this country will, for generations to come, continue to sing the praises of the dean of American Arabists and Islamicists, who passed away last Christmas Eve. For there is hardly a scholar of the Middle East in this country whose academic career or intellectual development has not been directly or indirectly influenced by him, his students, or his many publications. There is hardly a center of Middle East studies in this country that has not followed the tradition for these studies which he established at Princeton University. In a real sense he was the father of these studies in America. Small wonder that his students and colleagues—following the medieval Islamic tradition in designating the head of an intellectual school—lovingly called him “al-Shaykh.”
Temperance, Interpretation, and “the bodie of this death”: Pauline Allegory in The Faerie Queene, Book II

AbstractThis essay reinterprets the “dark conceit” of Mortdant, Amavia, and Ruddymane near the beginning of Spenser's Legend of Temperance. The argument examines the counterpoint between Paul's lament for “the body of this death” in Romans and the death scene of Dido in the Aeneid. The essay reads key episodes of Book II as a sustained allegory of misrecognition, according to which Guyon persists in trying to do combat with forces in his own flesh as if they were opponents to be confronted by force of arms. The recognition implicitly demanded by this allegory of misrecognition is shadowed in Arthur's interpretation of Maleger as an Antaeus‐figure, and then triumphantly repudiated in Guyon's violent destruction of the Bower. [D.L.M.]
Instantons and Chiral Symmetry

In this talk I will describe the role that instantons play in the spontaneous breaking of chiral SU(N)×SU(N) symmetry. My discussion will indicate the physical domain in which instanton effects are likely to be important and will suggest experiments in which some of these effects may be seen.
133 : In vitro eradication of serous ovarian cancer with IFN-α2α and IFN-γ in combination with monocytes

Interferons (IFNs) have been utilized for their antiproliferative and antitumor effects against human cancers, including hairy cell leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and malignant melanoma. We have previously shown that in combination with human elutriation-purified monocytes, IFN- α 2a and IFN- γ have nearly eradicated certain cancer cell types in vitro and in vivo in a nude mouse model. More specifically, previous in vitro studies have shown the eradication of human osteosarcoma, LOX melanoma, and A549 lung tumor cells, while no such effect seen on the human diploid cell lines WI-38 and MRC-5. Further in vivo analysis of OVCAR-3 and LOX melanoma inoculated intratumorally in female BALB/c nude mice showed that combination therapy significantly reduced tumor growth more profoundly than IFNs or monocytes alone. Such finding may have clinical implications. We have adapted this IFN and monocyte combination treatment model towards human serous ovarian cancer, a subtype accounting for approximately 60–80% of ovarian cancer diagnoses. We further validated IFN-primed monocytes as a novel antitumor treatment against ovarian tumor cells in vitro . Combination treatment has antitumor and antiproliferative effects towards the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3, CaOV3, OVCAR-4, OVCAR-5, and OVCAR-8. These serous tumor cell lines show varying, though prevalent, anti-tumor and anti-proliferative effects following IFN-primed monocyte treatment. SKOV-3, OVCAR-4, and OVCAR-8 cells are moderately sensitive to treatment; however, CaOV3 and OVCAR-5 cells are highly sensitive, with near complete eradication. Results demonstrate that such treatment is a novel candidate for ovarian cancer. Future studies will include in vivo IFN-primed monocyte treatment of intraperitoneal xenografts of serous ovarian cancer cell lines in female BALB/c nude mice, treatment of tumor cells with IFN-primed monocytes in combination with cancer therapeutics, and treatment of ovarian cancer cells with IFN-primed monocytes extracted from patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
Incidence of and factors associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection in patients with advanced solid tumors on home parenteral nutrition managed using a standardized catheter care protocol

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality as well as increased medical costs. Cancer patients, who are often immunocompromised, are susceptible to CRBSI while receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN). We evaluated the incidence of and factors associated with CRBSIs in cancer patients undergoing HPN managed using a standardized catheter care protocol. This is a retrospective cohort study of 335 cancer patients receiving HPN between January 2012 and July 2015. The primary outcome of interest was the incidence of CRBSI expressed as events per 1000 HPN days. HPN days were calculated from the start date with the home infusion provider until the discontinuation of HPN, or the removal of the venous access device (VAD), or the death of the patient. The VADs used were either peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) or a subcutaneous implanted port or tunneled central catheters (TCCs). Univariate Poisson regression analyses were used to determine the variables associated with CRBSIs. Of 335 patients, 193 were females and 142 were males. The most common cancer types were colorectal, pancreatic, ovarian and stomach. A total of 408 VADs in 335 patients were studied, covering a total of 29,403 HPN days. Of 408 VADs, 206 (50.5%) were ports, 191 (46.8%) were PICCs, and 7 (2.7%) were TCCs. The median duration of HPN was 54 days. A total of 16 CRBSI episodes were recorded (8 in ports, 7 in PICCs and 1 in TCCs). The median duration from the start of HPN to the development of CRBSI episodes was 43.5 days. The overall incidence of CRBSI per 1000 HPN days was 0.54 (95% confidence interval: 0.32–0.86). Upon univariate analysis, no variables were found to be statistically significantly associated with CRBSI incidence. We found a low rate of CRBSI following a standardized catheter maintenance protocol in a high-risk oncology population undergoing HPN.
Prospects for single-site interrogation using in situ multimodal electrochemical scanning probe techniques

Summary New multimodal methodologies are required to ascertain detailed information that correlates spatially resolved electrochemical reactivity with composition and structural motifs. This strategy will allow a comprehensive understanding of single reacting sites and single entities within bulk electrodes. Electrochemical scanning probe microscopies (EC-SPM), with the inherent ability to resolve site-specific electrochemical heterogeneities, are the perfect platform to couple with techniques capable of resolving composition and structural information. Here we highlight the advantages of multimodal experiments, recent progress, and prospects toward pairing EC-SPMs simultaneously with vibrational spectroscopies, mass spectrometry and X-ray methods.
A Class of Planar Hypocomplex Vector Fields: Solvability and Boundary Value Problems

This paper deals with the solvability of planar vector fields \(\displaystyle L=A\partial _x+B\partial _y\), with A and B complex-valued function in a domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2\). We assume that L has a first integral Z that is a homeomorphism in \(\Omega \). To such a vector field, we associate a Cauchy–Pompeiu type operator and investigate the Holder solvability of \(Lu=f\) and of a related Riemann–Hilbert problem when f is in \(L^p\) with \(p>2+\sigma \), where \(\sigma \) is a positive number associated to L.
The anatomy of uncertainty for soil pH measurements and predictions: Implications for modellers and practitioners

Statistical validation of spatial predictions of soil properties requires assessment of errors against measured values. The objective of this study was to assess the size of errors in the measurement of soil pH from different sources in the United States of America national databases and implications of the size of errors for prediction, validation and management decision making under uncertain conditions. Error sources included measurement methods, laboratory conditions, pedotransfer functions, database manipulations, location accuracy, and spatial and polygon methods of interpolation. The databases consisted of measured soil pH values from the US National Cooperative Soil Survey Characterization Database (NCSS–SCDB) and estimated values from US Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) and State Soil Geographic (STATSGO2) databases. The degree of agreement between measurement methods ranged from poor to substantial, with Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (ρc) varying from 0.83 (pH 1:1W against 1:5CₐCₗ₂) to 0.95 (pH 1:1W against pH 1:5W) and root mean square error (RMSE) varying from 0.27 to 0.43. The degree of agreement between pH 1:1W, 1:2CₐCₗ₂ and mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIR) ranged from poor to moderate. The RMSE for MIR was 0.40 for pH 1:1W and 0.32 for soil pH 1:2CₐCₗ₂. The RMSE for between‐laboratory reproducibility varied from 0.50 (pH 1:1W) to 0.68 (pH 1:2CₐCₗ₂) and was greater than within‐laboratory reproducibility (pH 1:1W, 0.34; pH 1:2 CₐCₗ₂, 0.22) and repeatability (pH 1:1W, 0.19; pH 1:2CₐCₗ₂, 0.04). The RMSE for the relations for profile depth slicing (weighted mean against equal‐area spline) was 0.36. The RMSE for the relation between soil pH 1:1W for the Global Positioning System and Public Land Survey System was 0.57. Predictions based on polygon or spatial interpolation had the largest RMSEs, 0.78 and 0.62, respectively. Soil liming recommendations based on 0.1 pH increments do not reflect error measurements or the uncertainty of spatial prediction. Although it was not possible to establish consistent trends in the size of error (progressively increasing from measurement to aggregation), its assessment can improve modelling and management at various scales. HIGHLIGHTS: We assessed sources of errors and uncertainty for measured and spatial predictions of soil pH. The smallest error was reported for measured pH (0.06). Polygon or spatial interpolation resulted in the largest error (0.68). Differences in error size influenced rates of liming and cost.
White Paper: The Provision of School Psychological Services to Dual Language Learners.

School psychologists are increasingly tasked with assessing, supporting, and intervening with dual language learner (DLL) students, their teachers, and their families. Understanding the assets of bilingualism along with multiple issues associated with comprehensive practice with DLL has become paramount. Currently, practitioners often lack the depth in knowledge of cultural variables, dual language acquisition, knowledge of programs to effectively serve DLL students, bilingual assessment, and research and evidence-based practice to serve DLLs competently, as well as depth in second language competence. This white paper, endorsed by the School Psychology Educators of California (SPEC) and the California Association of School Psychologists (CASP), outlines areas of competence deemed to be essential to all psychologists, as well as additional areas of competence for practitioners identifying themselves bilingual school psychologists.
I-131 uptake in the breast from fat necrosis

Radioactive iodine I-131 whole-body scintigraphy is used to monitor thyroid cancer metastases after total thyroidectomy. We present a case of a woman who was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and underwent a total thyroidectomy. I-131 scintigraphy revealed abnormal accumulation of radioactive iodine in the right breast causing concern for thyroid cancer metastasis. Mammographic studies confirmed that the abnormal radiotracer accumulation was due to fat necrosis in the breast. I-131 uptake in fat necrosis is a poorly understood process that is not clearly defined in the literature. This case highlights that false-positive uptake of I-131 can mimic metastases of thyroid carcinoma.